OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bert Spencer

Albert David Spencer (13 May 1908 – 22 May 1969) was an English born, international motorcycle speedway rider from Australia. He earned 6 international caps for the Australia national speedway team.

## Biography

Spencer was born in Richmond, London, England but emigrated to Australia aged just three-years-old. In 1928, a contingent of Australian riders arrived in Britain to demonstrate the new sport, where Spencer competed in various exhibition events. He was nicknamed the Baby Cyclone and on more than one occasion fell foul of the local police due to motor car offences. He rode more events during 1929, while based in Exeter and rode for the Exeter team in challenge events, before being signed by Leicester Super, where he began his British leagues career during the 1930 Speedway Northern League season.
In 1931, he was signed by Freddie Hore, the general manager of the Pennycross Stadium and a former room-mate of Spencers in Leicester. He rode for and captained Plymouth Tigers in the South Coast Championship. In 1932, the northern and southern leagues merged to form the National League and he rode again for Plymouth. He continued to represent Plymouth in 1933 and 1934 but broke his leg during June 1933, ending his 1933 season early.
In October 1934, he joined Wimbledon Dons for the 1935 season but failed to make the team. In 1936, he was loaned to Bristol Bulldogs for the 1936 Provincial Speedway League, before joining and captaining the Norwich Stars on loan in 1937. He finally left Wimbledon, when signing for Norwich permanently in May 1938. He helped Norwich win the Provincial Trophy and National Trophy double in 1938 and became Norwich's star rider.
Although his career was interrupted by World War II, he spent four more seasons with Norwich from 1946 to 1949, becoming a Norwich legend.
He continued to ride in Australia until a crash in 1956 at the Brisbane Queensland Exhibition Ground ended his career.
# Beste Kökdemir

Beste Kökdemir (born 29 August 1993) is a Turkish actress.

## Early life

Beste Kökdemir was born on 29 August 1993 in Sinop, Turkey. She completed her primary and secondary education in Sinop. She was later enrolled in Haliç University Fashion Design Department. Kökdemir is known for her love of tattoos. At the age of 12, she had a tattoo written "Bring me Back to Life" on her left arm. In addition she has another tattoo written "One Day" on her right wrist.

## Career

She began her acting career in 2012, and it was reported that she was cast in Bir Çocuk Sevdim, however, in the last minute she was replaced by Gülcan Aslan. She made her television debut with Çıplak Gerçek and depicted the character of Hazal with Taner Ölmez. In 2013, she appeared in the hit crime series Behzat Ç. Bir Ankara Polisiyesi. In 2014, she appeared in the youth series Not Defteri and portrayed the character of Selin. In 2015, she joined the cast of the hit series Poyraz Karayel (Season 2). In the same year she appeared in the series Tatlı Küçük Yalancılar adaptation of "Pretty Little Liars" and portrayed the character of Açelya. The show also starred Şükrü Özyıldız, Bensu Soral, Büşra Develi, Melisa Şenolsun and Dilan Çiçek Deniz. Kökdemir has stated that she is very self-assured and her dream is to acquire an Oscar in the future.
In 2016, she made her appearance in the historical fiction series Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem and portrayed the character of Meleksima Hatun. In 2017, she made her cinematic debut in the movie Taş and depicted the character of Suna. In 2018, she made her debut in the series Kalbimin Sultanı and portrayed the role of Hoşyar Kadın, wife of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II, an alluring, extremely magnanimous and compassionate woman. She joined in hit series "Hayat Şarkısı". In 2019, she appeared in the series Her Yerde Sen and depicted the character of Eylül.

## Personal life

As of 2020, Kökdemir is rumored to be dating Turkish actor Burak Deniz.

## Filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role | Note |
| 2017 | Taş | Suna | |
| 2022 | Kim Bu Aile | | |
| Web Series ||||
| Year | Title | Role | Note |
| 2017 | 7 Yüz | İrem | |
| 2021 | Alya Vol 1 | Elif | |
| Television ||||
| 2012 | Çıplak Gerçek | Hazal | Leading role |
| 2013 | Behzat Ç | | Joined |
| 2014 | Not Defteri | Selin | Leading role |
| 2015 | Tatlı Küçük Yalancılar | Açelya/Akasya | Leading role |
| 2015 | Poyraz Karayel | | Joined |
| 2015 | Hayat Şarkısı | Melisa | Joined |
| 2015–2017 | Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem | Meleksima Sultan | Joined |
| 2018 | Kalbimin Sultanı | Hoşyar Kadın | Leading role |
| 2019 | Her Yerde Sen | Eylül | Joined |
# Besteiros

Besteiros may refer to:
* Besteiros Parish, Amares
* Besteiros Parish, Paredes
* Besteiros, Portugal - former city now part of Tondela:
** Barreiro de Besteiros
** Campo de Besteiros
** Santiago de Besteiros
** Vilar de Besteiros
# Bethel, Haywood County, North Carolina

Bethel is an unincorporated community in Haywood County, North Carolina, United States.

## History

Prior to European colonization, the area that is now Bethel was inhabited by the Cherokee people and other Indigenous peoples for thousands of years. The Cherokee in Western North Carolina are known as the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, a federally recognized tribe.

## Notable person

Max Thompson (1922–1996), Medal of Honor recipient, was born in Bethel.
# A Moment in Time (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
A Moment in Time is the tenth studio album by American country music artist Lorrie Morgan. The album was released on October 27, 2009 via Stroudavarious. It is a covers album, featuring a total of 14 traditional country classics.

## Content

After signing to the newly formed Stroudavarious Records in 2008, Morgan began work on her first studio album since 2004's Show Me How. An album titled I Walk Alone was available through Morgan's fan club and at concerts, but its release to the public was delayed. Instead, A Moment in Time, which consists of traditional country songs, was released on October 27, 2009. The album features fourteen covers, including Mel Street's "Borrowed Angel," Glen Campbell's "By the Time I Get to Phoenix," and Freddie Hart's Number One hit "Easy Loving." Two songs on the album are duets, with Tracy Lawrence ("After the Fire Is Gone") and Raul Malo ("Easy Lovin'").

## Promotion

In promotion for the album, Morgan made appearances on CMT and GAC throughout October. She appeared on Daytime on October 29, 2009, and she also appeared on The Daily Buzz on November 3, 2009. She also appeared as a celebrity guest judge on an episode of Iron Chef America. In 2010, Morgan played the role of "Lula" in the Broadway adaptation of Pure Country, the 1992 film starring George Strait.

## Chart performance

A Moment in Time debuted at #50 on the U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums chart. It peaked at #40.
| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 40 |
# A Different Hat

A Different Hat is the thirteenth solo studio album by the English singer-songwriter Paul Carrack. Recorded with The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, it is a collection mostly of cover songs, ranging from the Frank Sinatra standard "All the Way" to the Bonnie Raitt ballad "I Can't Make You Love Me". Carrack also tackled four of his own songs which he had previously recorded, heard here in new arrangements: "I Live On a Battlefield" (previously recorded as "Battlefield" on 1989's Groove Approved), "Eyes of Blue", "Love Will Keep Us Alive" and "It Ain't Over".
A Different Hat was originally released in 2010 on Carrack's own Carrack-UK label.

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 6 |

## Personnel

Musicians
* Paul Carrack – vocals, grand piano
* The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra – orchestra
* David Cullen – orchestral arrangements and conductor
* Gill Townend – music preparation
* Davy Spillane – low whistle
Production
* Peter Van Hooke – producer
* Paul Carrack – producer
* Geoff Foster – engineer
* Simon Rhodes – engineer
* Graham Bonnett – additional engineer
* Rupert Cobb – additional engineer, Pro Tools
* Mick Glossop – mixing
* Ian Ross – design
* Andrea Hunnisett – photography
# A Different Drummer (novel)

A Different Drummer is the 1962 debut novel of William Melvin Kelley. It won the John Hay Whitney Foundation Award and Rosenthal Foundation Award of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. The title references Henry David Thoreau's lines: "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer..."

## Story

June 1957. One afternoon, in the backwater town of Sutton in an imaginary Southern state located between Mississippi and Alabama, a young black farmer, Tucker Caliban, matter-of-factly throws salt on his field, shoots his horse and livestock, sets fire to his house and leaves with his pregnant wife, starting an exodus of the entire African-American population from the state. The novel gives background and context to Caliban's act across a dozen chapters, each told from the perspective of different white townspersons.

## Structure

The original edition starts with an extended dedication (to the author's mother, his father and to "MSL"), and an epigraph (two separate stanzas from Walden by Henry David Thoreau, one of which includes the title of the book). The novel is divided into 11 titled chapters. The narrative is told from the viewpoint of the town's white inhabitants.

## Reception

According to Book Marks, the book received "rave" reviews based on five critic reviews with four being "rave" and one being "positive". In Books in the Media, a site that aggregates critic reviews of books, the book received a (5.00 out of 5) from the site which was based on four critic reviews.
# A Tear and a Smile / Strong in the Sun

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
A Tear and a Smile Strong in the Sun is a compilation album by Irish band Tír na nÓg. It was released on December 7, 2004 by BGO Records and contains the remasters of their two last studio albums from 1972 and 1973: the United Kingdom version of A Tear and a Smile, and Strong in the Sun.

## Track listing

* "Come And See The Show" (Sonny Condell) – 3:20
* "Down Day" (Condell) – 5:51
* "When I Came Down" (Leo O'Kelly) – 4:36
* "The Same Thing Happening" (O'Kelly) – 4:51
* "Bluebottle Stew" (Condell) – 2:28
* "So Freely" (O'Kelly) – 3:40
* "Hemisphere" (Condell) – 2:20
* "Lady Ocean" (O'Kelly) – 4:37
* "Goodbye My Love" (O'Kelly) – 4:23
* "Two White Horses" (Condell) – 2:40
* "Free Ride" (Nick Drake) – 3:04
* "Whitestone Bridge" (Condell) – 4:12
* "Teesside" (Condell) – 3:51
* "Cinema" (O'Kelly) – 4:38
* "Strong In The Sun" (O'Kelly) – 3:38
* "The Wind Was High" (O'Kelly) – 3:19
* "In The Morning" (Condell) – 3:22
* "Love Lost" (O'Kelly) – 3:19
* "Most magical" (Condell) – 3:46
* "Fall Of Day" (Condell) – 2:34

## Personnel
### A Tear and a Smile

* Sonny Condell – vocals, guitar, clavinette, percussion
* Leo O'Kelly – vocals, guitar
* Larry Steele – bass
* Barry de Souza – drums
* Paul Tregurtha – engineering
* Nick Harrison – arranger
* Tony Cox – production

### Strong in the Sun

* Sonny Condell – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, pottery drums, jaw harp
* Leo O'Kelly – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric lead guitar, dulcimer, violin
* Matthew Fisher – keyboards, production
* Geoff Emerick – engineering

#### Additional personnel

* Brian Odgers, Dave Markee, Jim Ryan – bass
* Barry de Souza, Ace Follington, Jeff Jones – drums

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United Kingdom | 2004 | BGO Records | remastered CD | BGOCD653 |
# A Teenager's Romance

"A Teenager's Romance" is a song written by David Stewart Gillam, a well known tennis player and teaching tennis pro at the Palm Springs Racquet Club. The song was performed by American musician Ricky Nelson and was on a single with “ I’m Walking” . The song reached #2 on the Billboard Top 100 in 1957.
The song ranked No. 25 on Billboard magazine's Top 50 songs of 1957.
# Beryozovsky Uyezd

Beryozovsky Uyezd (Берёзовский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Tobolsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Beryozovo.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Beryozovsky Uyezd had a population of 21,411. Of these, 51.8% spoke Khanty, 20.7% Nenets, 17.5% Russian, 9.4% Komi-Zyrian, 0.3% Mansi, 0.1% Yiddish and 0.1% Polish as their native language.
# Berserker (EP)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Berserker is an EP, the final release by the Austin, Texas, noise rock band Scratch Acid. The songs can also be found as tracks 22–27 on the compilation album The Greatest Gift.
Berserker reached #7 in the UK Indie Chart.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Scratch Acid

## Personnel
### Scratch Acid

* Brett Bradford – guitar
* David Wm. Sims – bass guitar
* Rey Washam – drums
* David Yow – vocals

### Production and additional personnel

* Kerry Crafton – production, engineering
* Scratch Acid – production
* Mark Todd – illustrations

## Chart positions

| Charts (1986) | Peak position |
| UK Indie Chart | 7 |
# Bettiah railway station

Bettiah railway station (code BTH), is a railway station in India in the Samastipur Division of East Central Railway. Bettiah railway station is located in Bettiah city, administrative headquarters of the West Champaran district in the state of Bihar. Bettiah station is well connected to Patna, Muzaffarpur, Hajipur, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Howrah, Kanpur, Guwahati, Surat, Lucknow, Amritsar, Ranchi, and other major cities. It is also the originating station for many express trains.

## Connectivity

There are total 49 trains available, Train Departures ECR/East Central Zone – Railway Enquiry.which connect to some major cities of India viz., Amritsar, Bihar (Darbhanga, Katihar, Muzaffarpur, Narkatiaganj, Patliputra, Raxaul & Saharsa), Dehradun, Delhi (Anand Vihar), Guwahati, Gujarat (Ahmedabad & Porbandar), Howrah (Kolkata), Jaipur, Jammu, Mumbai (Bandra & LTT) and Uttar Pradesh (Bareilly, Kanpur, Lucknow & Manduadih).

## Trains

Samastipur is the divisional headquarters; several local passenger trains and express trains run from Bettiah to neighbouring destinations. List of some important trains that stop at Bettiah:Departures from BTH/Bettiah
| Number | Train Name |
| 12557/8 | Sapt Kranti Express (MFP-ANVT) |
| 15705/6 | Champaran Humsafar Express (KIR-DLI) |
| 15273/4 | Satyagrah Express (RXL-ANVT) |
| 19269/70 | Porbandar–Muzaffarpur Express (PBR-MFP) VIA-DLI |
| 12211/2 | Muzaffarpur–Anand Vihar Garib Rath Express (ANVT-MFP) |
| 14009/10 | Champaran Satyagrah Express (ANVT-BMKI) |
| 19039/40 | Bandra Terminus–Muzaffarpur Avadh Express (BDTS-MFP) |
| 15529/30 | Saharsa–Anand Vihar Terminal Jan Sadharan Express (SHC-ANVT) |
| 15655/6 | Kamakhya–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Express (KYQ-SVDK) |
| 15653/4 | Amarnath Express (GHY-JAT) |
| 15001/2 | Rapti Ganga Express (MFP-DDN) |
| 22551/2 | Darbhanga–Jalandhar City Antyodaya Express (DBG-JUC) |
| 15211/2 | Jan Nayak Express (DBG-ASR) |
| 12537/8 | Bapu Dham Superfast Express (MFP-MUV) |
| 15215/6 | Muzaffarpur–Narkatiaganj Express (MFP-NKE) |
| 25201/2 | Patliputra–Narkatiaganj Intercity Express (PPTA-NKE) |
| 15237/8 | Darbhanga–Ajmer Express* (DBG-AII) |
*Pending
* Pair of passenger train run from Gorakhpur to Bettiah
* Pair of MEMU passenger train run from Muzaffarpur to Bettiah
* Pair of trains run from Raxaul to Bettiah
Doubling MFP-NKE-PNY undergoing project.

## Platforms

There are 3 platforms at Bettiah Railway Station. The platforms are interconnected with one foot overbridges (FOB). Platform 1 & 2 are the busiest platforms and are mostly used for long-haul trains.
# Bert Lithgow

Robert Joseph Lithgow (19 March 1881 – 22 April 1951) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Bhuvana Vijayam (film)

Bhuvana Vijayam is a 2023 Indian Telugu-language comedy thriller film written and directed by Yalamanda Charan in his directorial debut, while it was produced by P. Uday Kiran and V. Drikanth under Himalaya Studio Mansions and Mirth Media Banners. The film features Sunil, Srinivasa Reddy, Viva Harsha, Vasanthi, Prudhvi, Dhanraj in the main lead roles along with Jabardasth Raghava, Goparaju Ramana, Sonia Chowdary in supporting roles. The music was composed by Shekar Chandra.

## Cast

* Sunil as "Feelings Star" Preetham Kumar
* Vasanthi Krishnan
* Vennela Kishore as Mute writer
* Srinivasa Reddy as Elder writer’s assistant
* Prudhvi as Elder writer
* Goparaju Ramana as Chalapathi
* Dhanraj as Yadagiri
* Viva Harsha as Thief writer
* Raj Tirandasu
* Jabardast Raghava
* Anant
* Sonia Chowdary
* Snehal Kamat
* Shaking Seshu
* Sathi Pandu

## Release

Bhuvana Vijayam was released on 12 May 2023. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews from critics.
# Al-Shallal Theme Park

Al-Shallal Theme Park is located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The park is owned by Tarfeeh Fakieh Group. The park officially opened on November 25, 2004. In 2001, Tarfeeh fakieh Group ranked as the 34th largest company in Saudi Arabia with over $480 million in assets and over 6000 employees.

## History

The theme park officially opened on November 25, 2004. The theme park in Jeddah is one of a few popular amusement parks in the Middle East to have hundreds of families who visit the city for vacations. The two story entertainment building at the center of the Park features an ice skating rink and a themed area which is a favorite haunt of the younger visitors. The park reflects a jungle complete with life-size figures of animals, and light and sound effects. The Amazon log flume ride is spread over an area of 1800 square meters and consists of a lagoon with a 15-meter high waterfall. The entertainment building has several party rooms and an arcade. The party rooms can be reserved by the public for birthday parties and private gatherings. There are seven restaurants housed in the entertainment building. The park has retail outlets that feature souvenirs and soft toys. Apart from the Amazon Theme area there is a European village themed area and the Far East village area. These have world class restaurants that serve a wide array of seafood. The park also has a building for indoor parking which can accommodate 300 cars while there is an open air parking facility which has a capacity of 300 cars as well.
Al Shallal Theme Park is spread over an area of 60,000 square meters, in an ideal location on Jeddah Cornish. Per year Al Shallal receives around 1 Million visitors. Al Shallal went into a major transformation over the past few years, with the aim to becoming “The best Amusement Park in KSA.”

## Rides
### Roller coasters

| Name | Opened | Manufacturer | Make/model | Notes |
| Roller Coaster | 2005 | Vekoma | Boomerang | Previously called Krachen |
| Wild Mouse | 2019 | Zamperla | Spinning | |

### Attractions

| Name | Manufacturer | Make/model | Opened |
| Amazon | BEAR | Flume | 2005 |
| Bumper Cars | C&S | Dodgems | 2005 |
| Crazy Submarine | Zamperla | Junior Flying Carpet | 2005 |
| Flying Carousel | Zamperla | Swing ride | 2005 |
| Merry-Go-Round | Zamperla | Carousel | 2005 |
| Pirate | Zamperla | Pirate Ship | 2005 |
| Power Surge | Zamperla | Power Surge | 2005 |
| Samba Tower | Zamperla | Balloon Tower | 2005 |
| Sling Shot | Funtime | Slingshot | Unknown |
| Sombrero | Zamperla | Polyp | 2005 |
| Super Shot | A.R.M. (USA) & Larson International | Drop Tower | 2011 |
| Tea Cups | Zamperla | Teacups | 2005 |
| Telecombat | Zamperla | Jets | 2005 |
| Tour De-Paris | Zamperla | Junior Track Ride | 2005 |
# Clicker (disambiguation)

Clicker may refer to:

## Devices

* Clicker, a device that makes a clicking sound
* Clicker (classroom), a device for collecting feedback from an audience
* A slide projector
* Another name for a remote control

## Other

* Boot and shoe clicker, a person who cuts the leather for making shoes and other footwear
* Shorthand for clicker game
* Clicker.com, a website
* A zombie-like enemy in The Last of Us video game
# Ashino Chishōgun Prefectural Natural Park

Ashino Chishōgun Prefectural Natural Park (芦野池沼群県立自然公園, Ashino Chishōgun kenritsu shizen-kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park on the Tsugaru Peninsula in northwest Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1958, the park spans the borders of the municipalities of Goshogawara and Nakadomari. It encompasses Lake Ashino (芦野湖) and Ashino Park, which is planted with 2,300 cherry trees.
# 1976 1. deild

1. deild in the 1976 season was the 34th season of Faroese Premier League Football, and the first season in which it was referred to as 1. deild (First Division).

## Overview

It was contested by 7 teams, and TB Tvøroyri won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | TB Tvøroyri | 12 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 39 | 15 | +24 | 20 |
| 2 | Havnar Bóltfelag | 12 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 38 | 14 | +24 | 19 |
| 3 | KÍ Klaksvík | 12 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 36 | 21 | +15 | 16 |
| 4 | VB Vágur | 12 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 27 | 26 | +1 | 11 |
| 5 | B36 Tórshavn | 12 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 15 | 25 | −10 | 9 |
| 6 | ÍF Fuglafjørður | 12 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 15 | 28 | −13 | 9 |
| 7 | NSÍ Runavík | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 47 | −41 | 0 |

## Results

The schedule consisted of a total of 12 games. Each team played two games against every opponent in no particular order. One of the games was at home and one was away.

### Regular home games

| Home \ Away | B36 | HB | ÍF | KÍ | NSÍ | TB | VBV |
| B36 Tórshavn | | 0–3 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 5–0 | 1–1 | 1–6 |
| HB | 5–0 | | 5–0 | 3–2 | 3–0 | 4–3 | 2–2 |
| ÍF | 1–1 | 0–2 | | 1–3 | 3–1 | 1–3 | 3–2 |
| KÍ | 4–1 | 3–1 | 1–1 | | 10–1 | 1–1 | 3–1 |
| NSÍ Runavík | 0–2 | 0–5 | 0–1 | 2–3 | | 0–2 | 2–4 |
| TB | 1–0 | 4–2 | 5–1 | 6–5 | 4–0 | | 4–0 |
| VB Vágur | 3–0 | 0–3 | 4–2 | 0–1 | 5–0 | 0–5 | |
# C6H6O2S

The molecular formula C$_6$H$_6$O$_2$S (molar mass: 142.18 g/mol, exact mass: 142.0089 u) may refer to:
* 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)
* Phenylsulfinic acid
* 3-Thiophene acetic acid
* Thiophene-2-acetic acid
# Chlorolestes conspicuus

Chlorolestes conspicuus, the conspicuous malachite is a species of damselfly in the family Synlestidae. It is endemic to south-western South Africa. This species is found at rivers and streams in both open and wooded valleys.
Although its range is restricted, this locally common species is not threatened at present.
The largest species in its genus, it is 59–65 mm long with a wingspan of 64–72 mm. Males and females are similar; the thorax and abdomen are metallic-green aging to coppery brown. The thorax has yellow or bronze antehumeral stripes. Both sexes can be distinguished from other malachites by their long (>2.5 mm), uniformly coloured pterostigmata and wing venation.
# Adam Kersten

Adam Kersten (26 April 1930 in Kutno - 11 January 1983 in Warsaw) was a Polish historian, expert on the Polish history in the 17th century. Member of the faculty at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University since 1955.
From 1980 he was active in the Solidarity movement.
Husband of Krystyna Kersten.
Posthumously he received the Order of Polonia Restituta.

## Works

* Opowieści o szwedzkim najeździe (1956)
* Chłopi polscy w walce z najazdem szwedzkim 1655 - 1656 (1958)
* Z badań nad konfederacją tyszowiecką (1958)
* Geneza nowej gigantomachii (1958)
* Pierwszy opis obrony Jasnej Góry w 1655 r. (1959)
* Stefan Czarniecki 1599-1665 (1963)
* Obrona Klasztoru w Jasnej Górze (1964)
* Sienkiewicz – „Potop” – Historia (1966)
* Historia dla klasy II liceum ogólnokształcacego (1968)
* Na tropach Napierskiego. W kręgu mitów i faktów (1970)
* Warszawa Kazimierowska 1648-1668: miasto, ludzie, polityka (1971)
* Historia Szwecji (1973)
* Szwedzi pod Jasną Górą 1655 (1975)
* Historia powszechna, 1648-1789 (1978)
* Historia powszechna, wiek XVII (1984)
* Hieronim Radziejowski: studium władzy i opozycji (1988)