# Alexander Stewart (1699–1781)

Alexander Stewart (1699 or 1700 – 2 April 1781) was an Irish landowner who grew rich by inheriting a fortune from Robert Cowan, a former governor of Bombay. His son Robert became the 1st Marquess of Londonderry.

## Birth and origins

Alexander was born in 1699 or 1700 at Ballylawn Castle, near Manorcunningham in County Donegal. He was the second son of William Stewart and his wife. His father had his lands consolidated by Charles I under the name of Stewart's Court, raised a Williamite troop of horse in the run-up to the Siege of Derry and was therefore known as Colonel William Stewart.
Alexander's grandfather is not known by name, but Alexander was a great-grandson of Charles Stewart, whose father John was given land at Ballylawn in County Donegal in the plantation of Ulster, built Ballylawn Castle on that land, and held fishing rights in Lough Swilly. John Stewart is likely to have been a younger son of the Stewarts of Garlies in Galloway, Scotland.
Alexander's mother, whose first name is unknown, was a daughter of William Stewart of Fort Stewart, near Ramelton, County Donegal. The Stewart family background was Scots-Irish and Presbyterian.
He appears below as the younger of two brothers:
* Thomas (died 1740), inherited Ballylawn and pursued a military career but died childless in 1740
* Alexander (1699–1781)
Family tree :
| | | | | John Stewart d. c. 1650 | John Stewart d. c. 1650 | John Stewart d. c. 1650 | John Stewart d. c. 1650 | John Stewart d. c. 1650 | John Stewart d. c. 1650 |
| | | | | Charles Stewart | Charles Stewart | Charles Stewart | Charles Stewart | Charles Stewart | Charles Stewart | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | William Stewart Colonel | William Stewart Colonel | | | | | | | | | | | | | | John Cowan Alderman of Derry | John Cowan Alderman of Derry | John Cowan Alderman of Derry | John Cowan Alderman of Derry | John Cowan Alderman of Derry | John Cowan Alderman of Derry |
| Thomas d. 1740 Captain | Thomas d. 1740 Captain | Thomas d. 1740 Captain | Thomas d. 1740 Captain | | | Alexander 1699–1781 | Alexander 1699–1781 | Alexander 1699–1781 | Alexander 1699–1781 | Mary Cowan d. 1788 | Mary Cowan d. 1788 | Mary Cowan d. 1788 | Mary Cowan d. 1788 | | Robert Cowan d. 1737 Bombay Governor | Robert Cowan d. 1737 Bombay Governor | Robert Cowan d. 1737 Bombay Governor | Robert Cowan d. 1737 Bombay Governor |
| | | Sarah Frances Seymour- Conway 1747–1770 | Sarah Frances Seymour- Conway 1747–1770 | Sarah Frances Seymour- Conway 1747–1770 | | | Robert 1st Marquess 1739–1821 | Robert 1st Marquess 1739–1821 | Robert 1st Marquess 1739–1821 | Frances Pratt c. 1751 – 1833 | Frances Pratt c. 1751 – 1833 | Frances Pratt c. 1751 – 1833 | | Alexander of Ards 1746–1831 | Alexander of Ards 1746–1831 | Alexander of Ards 1746–1831 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Robert 2nd Marquess 1769–1822 Castlereagh | Robert 2nd Marquess 1769–1822 Castlereagh | Robert 2nd Marquess 1769–1822 Castlereagh | Robert 2nd Marquess 1769–1822 Castlereagh | Robert 2nd Marquess 1769–1822 Castlereagh | Robert 2nd Marquess 1769–1822 Castlereagh | Charles 3rd Marquess 1778–1854 | Charles 3rd Marquess 1778–1854 | Charles 3rd Marquess 1778–1854 | Charles 3rd Marquess 1778–1854 | Charles 3rd Marquess 1778–1854 | Charles 3rd Marquess 1778–1854 |
| XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Robert Cowan | Robert Cowan | Robert Cowan | Robert Cowan | Robert Cowan | Robert Cowan | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Marquesses of Londonderry | Marquesses of Londonderry | Marquesses of Londonderry | Marquesses of Londonderry | Marquesses of Londonderry | Marquesses of Londonderry |

## Early life

Alexander, as a younger son, went into commerce with an apprenticeship at Belfast and became a successful merchant in the Baltic trade. He also became an elder in the First Presbyterian Church in Rosemary Street, Belfast. During his residence in Belfast he became a convinced Whig, in line with the general reformist sentiment of the Presbyterian town.

## Marriage and children

Alexander Stewart married on 30 June 1737 in Dublin a cousin, Mary Cowan, daughter of John Cowan, alderman of Londonderry and his wife Anne Stewart, daughter of Alexander Stewart of Ballylawn, and sister of the former Governor of Bombay, Robert Cowan, who had died on 21 February 1737 in London.
Alexander and Mary had seven children:
* Anne (1738–1781)
* Robert (1739–1821), became the 1st Marquess of Londonderry
* William (1741–1742)
* Francis (born 1742)
* John (1744–1762)
* Alexander (1746–1831), married Mary Moore, the 3rd daughter of the 1st Marquess of Drogheda
* Mary (born 1747), died young

## Brother's death and succession

In 1740, his elder brother Thomas died and Alexander inherited the Ballylawn estate.

## Cowan inheritance

He then acquired the rights to Robert Cowan's substantial estate. Being now rich, Stewart retired from business in 1743, and used the money from the Cowan inheritance to become a substantial landowner in County Down by buying estates at Comber and Newtownards in 1744.

## Mount Stewart

Around 1750, Alexander Stewart rebuilt a house called Mount Pleasant on his estate near Newtownards and renamed it Mount Stewart. In 1780, Stewart commissioned the Temple of the Winds at Mount Stewart from James "Athenian" Stuart. This is an octagonal neo-classical building that was completed by his son Robert after his death.
In 1755, he was left the property of William Bruce, a Dublin bookseller from Killyleagh, which he divided between Bruce's relations.

## In politics

In 1759, the member of the Parliament of Ireland for the city of Londonderry, William Scott, was raised to the bench. Initially, William Hamilton was elected to succeed him, but the election was declared void. Alexander Stewart was returned in his place in April 1760, but he was also declared not duly elected. Eventually Hamilton represented the constituency from May 1760 until his death later that year.

## Death and timeline

Stewart died on 2 April 1781 and was succeeded by his eldest son Robert. The Stewart family papers are preserved in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland.
Timeline :
| Age | Date | Event |
| 0 | 1699 | Born |
| 14–15 | 1714, 1 Aug | Accession of King George I, succeeding Queen Anne |
| 27–28 | 1727, 11 Jun | Accession of King George II, succeeding King George I |
| 37–38 | 1737, 30 Jun | Married Mary Cowan |
| 43–44 | 1743 | Bought 60 townlands in County Down |
| 60–61 | 1760, 25 Oct | Accession of King George III, succeeding King George II |
| 81–82 | 1781, 2 Apr | Died |