OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arthur Adel

Arthur Adel (November 22, 1908 – September 13, 1994) was an American astronomer and astrophysicist. His research focused on atmospheric Spectrography. He worked at Lowell Observatory from 1936 until 1942 and was for many years a professor at what is now Northern Arizona University, both in Flagstaff, Arizona.

## Early life and education

Adel was born in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Orthodox Jews who had immigrated from Russia and Poland. The family later moved to Detroit, where he graduated from a technical high school. He worked as a machinist for a year before attending the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics in 1931 and in 1933 a PhD with a dissertation on "The Infrared Spectrum and the Structure of the Carbon Dioxide Molecule".

## Career

Beginning in 1933, he did research at the Lowell Observatory, demonstrating that the harmonics of the vibration of methane and ammonia molecules gave rise to the absorption bands observed in planetary atmospheres, and later publishing extensively on the water-vapor-related parameters in Earth's atmosphere. In 1935–36 he was a postdoctoral research fellow at Johns Hopkins University. During World War II, he worked for the US Navy in Washington, DC, de-gaussing submarines, and from 1942 to 1946 was a faculty member in physics at the University of Michigan. From 1946 to 1948 he was an assistant professor at the McMath-Hulbert Solar Observatory, then operated by the university, while also studying the effective radiation temperature of the ozone layer for the US Air Force at a base in New Mexico. In 1948 he was appointed professor of mathematics at Arizona State College, now Northern Arizona University, where he founded the Atmospheric Research Observatory, which had the first specially designed infrared telescope. Among other achievements, he discovered the 20 micron window in the Earth's atmosphere and proved observationally that the Moon radiates as a black body. He retired and was named professor emeritus in 1976. The university has named a mathematics building and the Arthur Adel Award, given annually since 1995 to a researcher who furthers the goals of science, in his honor; his papers are kept at the university.

## Personal life and death

Adel married Catherine Backus in 1935; they did not have children. He died of cancer on September 13, 1994, in Flagstaff, at the age of 85.
# Ars Magica (disambiguation)

Ars Magica is a tabletop role-playing game.
Ars Magica may also refer to:
* Ars Magica (Judith Tarr novel), a 1989 novel by Judith Tarr
* Ars Magica (Nerea Riesco novel), a 2007 novel by Nerea Riesco
# Armstorf

Armstorf is a municipality in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

## History

Armstorf belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Armstorf, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.
# Arthur Elsenaar

Arthur Elsenaar (born in Naarden, Netherlands, 1962) is an artist, engineer and hacker whose work explores computer-controlled human facial expression.

## Life

Elsenaar studied at the Academie Minerva in Groningen, Netherlands. Before he became active as an artist he worked as an engineer and presenter for pirate radio stations in the Netherlands. He teaches at the ArtScience Interfaculty at the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague.

## Work

Elsenaar is known for his work on electro-facial choreography: the use of electrical stimulation of the facial musculature to alter facial expression. His work includes Huge Harry (1997) and Perfect Paul - On freedom of facial expression (2012), both of which are lecture performances where a computer program narrates to the audience whilst Elsenaar's facial musculature is stimulated to demonstrate different possibilities of electro-facial choreography.
His work Face Shift (2005) has been acquired by the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam for their permanent collection, and he has won several awards including an honorary mention at the Prix Ars Electronica 1997 and the Technarte Best Speaker Award.
# Christina Gorman

Christina Gorman is an American playwright, whose work has been produced around the country.

## Early life

Christina Gorman grew up in Colt's Neck, New Jersey. While she loved theatre from a young age, she did not begin actively creating theatre until college, when she began stage managing. After college she interned for a year at Juilliard as a stage manager and did professional stage management work. She then began working in advertising, but realized she missed theatre and began to write.

## Career

Gorman has had her plays developed at a number of major theatres and play development centers. Her play Fidelis was developed at the Public Theater in February 2015. In February 2017, Roan @ the Gates was developed and given workshop performances at the Alley Theatre as part of their Alley All New festival. Her work has also been developed and/or produced at Ensemble Studio Theatre, Geva Theatre Center, Westport County Playhouse, Lark Play Development Center, Stella Adler Studios, and the New York International Fringe Festival, among others.
From 2006 to 2008, Gorman was a member of the Women's Project Playwright Lab. She was then named an inaugural member of the Public Theater's Emerging Writers Group. She has also been a 2013 Playwright Fellow at the New York Foundation for the Arts, the 2010-2011 Harold Clurman Playwright-in-Residence at Stella Adler Studios, and an Ensemble Studio Theatre New Voices Fellow, through which she developed Split Wide Open. She is an Artistic Associate at American Blues Theater.

## Awards

Gorman has been the recipient of several awards throughout her career. She was won American Blues Theater's Blue Ink Playwriting Award in 2012 for her play American Myth, the Theatre Communications Group's 2013 Edgerton Foundation New American Play Award (also for American Myth), Samuel French's Short Play Festival Award in 2009 for Just Knots, and the New York International Fringe Festival Award for Overall Excellence in Playwriting. She was also a runner-up for the Princess Grace Award.

## Selected works
### Full length plays

* Sacred Ground
* Far From the Trees
* American Myth
* Fidelis
* Roan @ the Gates

### Short plays

* DNA
* The Grey Ladies
* The God Particle
* Just Knots
# Christine Aventin

Christine Aventin (born 4 August 1971) is a French-language Belgian writer. When she was just 15, she published Le Cœur en poche, which sold over 100,000 copies.
# Art of War 3

Art of War Undisputed Arena Fighting Championship: Art of War 3 was the third mixed martial arts event by the mixed martial arts organization Art of War Undisputed Arena Fighting Championship. The event took place on Saturday, September 1, 2007 at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas. The card aired on AXS TV (formerly HDNet). The television broadcast was produced by Allan Colton, Dustin Hodge, and John Jones.

## History

The fight card included Pedro Rizzo and Jeff Monson in the main event. The show also featured a bout between Jorge Santiago and Jeremy Horn.
# Christine Jean

Christine Jean (born 1957 in Nantes) is a French biologist and environmental activist. She was dubbed "Madame Loire" by the French press.
She was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1992 for her efforts on preserving the river Loire, the longest river in France, from dam constructions.

## Education

Christine Jean was trained in agronomy at École nationale supérieure d'agronomie et des industries alimentaires and holds a master's degree in ecology in the domain of hydrology from Paul Verlaine University – Metz.

## SOS Loire Vivante

Christine Jean coordinated a nationwide campaign to prevent the damming of the Loire. This was very important as the Loire is one of the last wild rivers with great ecological wealth. The dam project was supported by parts of the building industry who wanted to make a profit. Furthermore, it should have been used for using the water for cooling four reactors that were supposed to be built along the river. The activism started when Jean, with the help of the World Wildlife Fund, united several small initiatives along the Loire river to a nationwide organization called SOS Loire Vivante. Unified they could provide a strong opposition to the dam project. With funding of the WWF France, WWF Germany and WWF International they inaugurated a program to educate the public, engage media, sponsor conferences, stage demonstrations and ultimately file a legal suit against the dam- building consortium. After a long sustained opposition campaign they reached a victory when the French government announced that it would discard the Serre de la Fare dam construction and instead adopt an alternative river management program. The alternative program included tightening controls on urbanization in flood risk areas. Furthermore, two hydroelectric installations were demolished to make it more possible for migratory fish like salmon to reach their spawning grounds.

## Activism

After her successful campaign against the dam project she continued her activism. She did for example fight against the enlargement of Nantes - St.- Nazaire port at the Loire rivers mouth that were supposed to accommodate a nuclear power plant.

## Honours

* Goldman Environmental Prize in 1992
* Named as one of the heroes of the planet by Time in 1999
# Christine Sixteen

"Christine Sixteen" is a song by American hard rock band Kiss. It originally appeared on their 1977 album Love Gun. Released as a single in the US in 1977, the song peaked at number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart that year, and did well in Canada, peaking at number 22.
Written and sung by bassist/vocalist Gene Simmons, the song is about an older man who is infatuated with a 16-year-old girl named Christine. The song's subject and lyrics were controversial and made some hit radio stations reluctant to put it on their playlists, while others (including WABC in the band's home town of New York, and WKBW in Buffalo) only played it after 7 PM as an album cut. The song's title was originated by bandmate Paul Stanley who was planning to write a song under the title, until Simmons beat him to it. Two different time lengths are printed on the single; one at 3:13, and another at 2:52. Both versions run 3:10.
According to interviews in Guitar World, both Eddie and Alex Van Halen played on the original demos. When Kiss recorded their version of the song, Simmons said that he made Frehley copy Eddie's solo from the demo.
Cash Box said that "it's a tale of teenage lust, put to a bump and grind rock accompaniment that utilizes channel-hopping vocals."
The song was sampled by Tone Lōc in his 1989 song "Funky Cold Medina". The song was covered by the Gin Blossoms on the 1994 Kiss tribute album Kiss My Ass: Classic Kiss Regrooved and by All on Hard to Believe: Kiss Covers Compilation. The song was also covered by punk/goth band The Nuns on their 2003 album New York Vampires.

## Credited personnel

On Love Gun
* Gene Simmons – lead vocals, bass guitar, (uncredited) rhythm guitar
* Ace Frehley – lead guitar, backing vocals
* Paul Stanley – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
* Peter Criss – drums, percussion, backing vocals
* Eddie Kramer – piano
On Jigoku-Retsuden
* Gene Simmons – lead vocals, bass guitar
* Tommy Thayer – lead guitar, backing vocals
* Paul Stanley – rhythm guitar
* Eric Singer – drums, backing vocals
* Brian Whelan – (uncredited) piano
# 1939 South Dakota Coyotes football team

The 1939 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1939 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 4–5 record (4–1 against NCC opponents), finished in third place out of seven teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 106 to 61.
South Dakota was ranked at No. 251 (out of 609 teams) in the final Litkenhous Ratings for 1939.
The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 23 | at Pacific (CA) | Charles C. Hughes StadiumSacramento, CA | L 0–6 | |
| September 30 | at Iowa | Iowa StadiumIowa City, IA | L 0–41 | 16,000 |
| October 6 | at North Dakota Agricultural | Dacotah FieldFargo, ND | W 19–7 | |
| October 14 | Omaha | Inman FieldVermillion, SD | W 14–6 | |
| October 21 | at Morningside | Stockyards ParkSioux City, IA | W 7–6 | 4,000 |
| October 28 | South Dakota State | Inman FieldVermillion, SD | W 21–7 | 5,000 |
| November 11 | Iowa State Teachers | Inman FieldVermillion, SD | L 0–14 | |
| November 18 | at Cincinnati | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH | L 0–13 | |
| November 24 | at Saint Louis | Walsh Memorial StadiumSt. Louis, MO | L 0–6 | |
# Christopher Larkin (conductor)

Christopher Larkin is an American conductor who is best known for his work within the field of opera. He was associate conductor of the Houston Grand Opera for a number of years, where he notably conducted the world premieres of Mark Adamo's Little Women and Michael Daugherty’s Jackie O. He is also the former music director of the New York City Opera National Company. As a guest conductor, Larkin has worked for numerous opera houses including Wexford Festival Opera, Santa Fe Opera, Washington National Opera, Portland Opera, Florentine Opera, Opera Pacific, Opera Carolina, and Boston Lyric Opera among many others. He has also worked as an assistant conductor and vocal coach for the Metropolitan Opera, San Francisco Opera, Opera Company of Philadelphia, Vancouver Opera, and the Canadian Opera Company.
# Christobel Mattingley

Christobel Rosemary Mattingley AM (26 October 1931 – 1 June 2019) was an Australian author of books for children and adults. Her book Rummage won the Children's Book of the Year Award: Younger Readers and Children's Book of the Year Award: Picture Book in 1982. In the 1996 Queen's Birthday Honours Mattingley was made a Member of the Order of Australia for "service to literature, particularly children's literature, and for community service through her commitment to social and cultural issues".
Her last book was Maralinga's long shadow: Yvonne's story, which was published in 2016 and won the 2017 the Young People's History Prize at the NSW Premier's History Awards.
# 1940–41 Istanbul Football League

The 1940–41 İstanbul Football League season was the 33rd season of the league. Beşiktaş JK won the league for the 5th time.

## Season

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Beşiktaş JK | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 14 | +70 | 54 |
| 2 | Fenerbahçe SK | 18 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 63 | 15 | +48 | 47 |
| 3 | Galatasaray SK | 18 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 59 | 23 | +36 | 42 |
| 4 | İstanbulspor | 18 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 43 | 47 | −4 | 38 |
| 5 | Beyoğlu SK | 18 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 35 |
| 6 | Vefa SK | 18 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 39 | 43 | −4 | 34 |
| 7 | Beykoz 1908 S.K.D. | 18 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 27 | 44 | −17 | 29 |
| 8 | Kasımpaşa SK | 18 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 26 | 44 | −18 | 29 |
| 9 | Küçükçekmece SK | 18 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 19 | 62 | −43 | 28 |
| 10 | Topkapı SK | 18 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 18 | 86 | −68 | 17 |
* ↑ 7 points deducted?
# 1949 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby

The 1949 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby was won by the selection della Buenos Aires Province, ("Provincia") that beat in the final the selection of Capital.

## Rugby Union in Argentina in 1949

* The France XV visited Argentina playing ad winning nine match, two of them against the Argentina national team.
* The "Championship of Buenos Aires" was shared by Club Atlético San Isidro and Club Universitario de Buenos Aires
* The "Cordoba Province Championship" was won by Jockey Club Córdoba
* The North-East Championship was won by Natación y Gimnasia

## Results

The tournament was played in July, with all the matches played at Club Atlético San Isidro in Buenos Aires, to permit to the selection committee of national team to have an easy look at all the players in order to form the team to play against France in the incoming tour
| Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| 17 July | 17 July | | |
| Capital | 22 | | |
| Capital | 22 | 24 July | 24 July | |
| Norte | 3 | 24 July | 24 July |
| Norte | 3 | Capital | 12 |
| | | Litoral | 3 |
| | | | | 31 July | 31 July |
| | | | | Provincia | 16 |
| 17 July | 17 July | | | | Provincia | 16 |
| 17 July | 17 July | | | Capital | 12 |
| Provincia | 49 | | | Capital | 12 |
| Provincia | 49 | 24 July | 24 July | | |
| Cuyo | 6 | 24 July | 24 July | | |
| Cuyo | 6 | Provincia | 14 | | |
| | | Estudiantes Paranà | 6 |
# Chung Shan

Chung Shan is a historical alternative spelling of "Zhongshan", a Chinese name. It most commonly refers to:
* Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925), pseudonym Chung Shan, Chinese revolutionary and political leader
* Chung Shan (warship), a gunboat named after Sun Yat-sen
* Zhongshan, a city in Guangdong, China
* Zhongshan District, Taipei, Taiwan
* Chung Shan Industrial and Commercial School, Daliao District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
# 1938 USDA soil taxonomy

The 1938 soil taxonomy divided soils into three orders dependent on dominant soil forming factors.

## Intrazonal soils

Intrazonal soils have more or less well-defined soil profile characteristics that reflect the dominant influence of some resident factor of relief or parent material over the classic zonal effects of climate and vegetation. There are three major sub-types, two of which have two further sub-types each.
    Calcimorphic or calcareous soils develop from a limestone. It has two sub-types:
       Rendzina soils are thin soils with limited available water capacity.
       Terra rossa soils are deep red soils associated with higher rainfall than rendzina.
    Hydromorphic soils form in wetland conditions. There are two sub-types:
       Gley soils - These occur when the pore spaces between the grains become saturated with water and contain no air. This lack of oxygen leads to anaerobic conditions which reduce the iron in the parent rock. This gives the soil a characteristic grey/blue colour with flecks of red.
       Peat soils form under circumstances that prevent the breakdown of vegetation completely.
    Halomorphic soils form due to soil salination.

## Azonal soil

These soils are formed in mountainous regions out of fine grains produced by weathering. However, due to various reasons, this fine grained material constantly slides down the slope. As a result, the time necessary for the formation of soils does not become available. Therefore, these soils remain immature. An example is soil along the slopes of the Himalayan mountains. In river plains, particularly in flood-plain areas, new alluvium is deposited every year. The time for soil formation remains inadequate. Hence, flood plain soils also remain immature. In river plains, due to alluvium and availability of water, the farmlands are fertile but the soils remain immature.
# Arunachal macaque

The Arunachal macaque (Macaca munzala) is a macaque native to Eastern Himalayas of Bhutan, China and India. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.
It was scientifically described in 2005.
It is a relatively large brown primate with a comparatively short tail. Its species name comes from mun zala, meaning deep forest (mun) monkey (monkey), as it is called by the Monpa people of West Kameng and Tawang.

## Discovery

It was discovered as a new taxon in 1997 by the Indian primatologist Anwaruddin Choudhury, but he thought it to be a new subspecies of the Tibetan macaque (M. thibetana). It was described as a new species in 2005 by a group of scientists from the Nature Conservation Foundation, India. It is the first species of macaque to have been discovered since 1903, when the Indonesian Pagai Island macaque was discovered. This monkey was reported on the basis of a good quality photograph as the holotype. In 2011, some researchers suggested, on the basis of morphological variation within the Assamese macaque, that it might be better treated as a subspecies.
Subsequently, it was also discovered in Bhutan, where it was observed and photographed in the Trashi Yangshi area in 2006.

## Description

The Arunachal macaque is compactly built and has a very dark face. It lives at high altitudes, between 2000 m and 3500 m above sea level, making it one of the highest-dwelling primates. It belongs to the M. sinica species-group of macaques, along with the Assamese macaque (M. assamensis), the Tibetan macaque, the bonnet macaque (M. radiata) and the toque macaque (M. sinica).
The Arunachal macaque is apparently physically similar to the Assam and Tibetan macaques, while genetically closely related to the bonnet macaque of southern India. This is probably the result of convergent evolution, where organisms evolve similar physical features due to similar environmental selection pressure, while genetically they may have different origins.
Kumar et al. (2008) and Sinha et al. (2006) report at least 569 individuals in thirty-five troops; thirty-two troops in Tawang and three troops in West Kameng. The monkey is severely persecuted in some parts of its known distribution by locals retaliating against crop raiding.
# A.D. Santa Rosa Guachipilin

Asociación Deportiva Santa Rosa Guachipilino are a Salvadoran professional football club based in Santa Rosa Guachipilin, El Salvador. The club currently plays in the Second Division of El Salvador.

## History

On 27 May 2018, Santa Rosa Guachipilino won the Tercera Division play-off Final against Turin FESA to gain promotion to the segunda division.

## Honours
### League

* Tercera Division and predecessors
* Champions: (1) : Apertura 2017
* Champions: 2017–2018 (Play-offs Champions)
* La Asociación Departamental de Fútbol Aficionado and predecessors (4th tier)
** Champions (1): 2016

## Sponsors

* Diadora
* Alcaldia Santa Rosa Guachipilin

## List of coaches

* Samuel Maldonaldo (- December 2018)
* Carlos Martínez (December 2018 – December 2019)
* Samuel Maldonaldo (December 2019 - May 2021)
* Alfredo Portillo Petro (June 2021-Present)
# Anwar Shaikh

Anwar Shaikh may refer to:
* Anwar Shaikh (writer) (1928–2006), British India-born British writer
* Anwar Shaikh (economist) (born 1945), Pakistani American heterodox economist
# Bikeqi railway station

Bikeqi railway station is a station of Jingbao Railway in Inner Mongolia.
# Brezovica pri Trebelnem

Brezovica pri Trebelnem (pronounced) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Mokronog-Trebelno in southeastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills south of Mokronog. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Brezovica to Brezovica pri Trebelnem in 1953.

## Church

The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Anne and belongs to the Parish of Mokronog. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1526 and was restyled in the Baroque in the mid-18th century. The main altar dates to 1776.
# Amoda

Amoda is a small village in the Jalgaon District of Maharashtra, India. It is on Bhusawal-Raver road. It is 5 km from faizpur & Just 13 km from Bhusawal railway junction.
The village population is around 6000. The people living in the village are various communities such as Leva Patil, kolis, navis, Buddhist, pavari, pinjari and tadavi.
Here, 95% of the people depend on banana and sugarcane farms. In Amode two primary schools and one higher secondary school are available for education.