OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frank Lucien Hale

Captain Frank Lucien Hale was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories. He later accompanied Charles Lindbergh in a transcontinental flight.

## Early life and World War I service

Hale was native to Syracuse, New York, although he later lived in Arkansas. He dropped out of Fayetteville High School in Fayetteville, New York because of disciplinary problems. In 1914, he joined D Troop, 4th Cavalry, New York National Guard. He served on the Mexican border during 1916, with the Ambulance Corps. He was rejected by the U. S. air service, so he joined the Royal Flying Corps at Toronto in June 1917. Between 25 August and 27 September 1918, he used a Royal Aircraft Factory SE.5a to destroy four Fokker D.VIIs and drive down three others out of control.

## Postwar

He remained in Germany as part of the Army of Occupation.
He then came home to become general manager of Curtiss Flying Service. He accompanied Charles Lindberg on a transcontinental flight.
In 1940, he opened an auto dealership in Syracuse. As World War II loomed, Hale joined the U.S. Army Air Corps. By 1943, he was in England serving with the 8th Air Force, but a heart condition invalided him out. He then went to work with the Bell Aircraft Corporation. He died of a heart attack on 7 June 1944.

## Honors and awards

Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC)
Lieut. Frank Lucien Hale. (FRANCE)
A brilliant and very gallant officer who never hesitates to attack the enemy however superior in numbers. On 27 September, Lieut. Hale, single-handed, attacked a formation of ten Fokker biplanes who were manoeuvring to attack one of our bombing formations; engaging one of the Fokkers, he drove it down out of control, and it was seen to break up in the air. By this gallant action the enemy were diverted from their objective. In the combat Lieut. Hale's machine and engine were badly damaged; despite this, he, on his return journey, attacked a solitary Fokker and drove it down out of control. This officer has accounted for eight enemy aircraft. (Supplement to the London Gazette, 8 February 1919) (31170/2040)
# 3152 CT

3152 CT is an extremely toxic bisquaternary carbamate with powerful anticholinesterase action.
# Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron sRNA

The Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome contains hundreds of small RNAs (sRNAs), discovered through RNA sequencing. These include canonical housekeeping RNA species such as the 6S RNA (SsrS), tmRNA (SsrA), M1 RNA (RnpB) and 4.5S RNA (Ffs) as well as several hundred cis and trans encoded small RNAs. More than 20 candidates have been validated with northern blots and the structures of several members have been characterized through in silico analyses and chemical probing experiments.
Two B. thetaiotaomicron sRNAs that have been functionally characterized are RteR and GibS. RteR is a 78 nucleotide (nt) long sRNA that is conserved in closely related species and likely serves as a repressor of a transposon operon. Analyses based on secondary structure conservation, taking into consideration nucleotide covariation and in-vitro chemical probing have revealed a structure that consists of a 5’ hairpin and a Rho-independent terminator that are separated by an 8 nt sequence. GibS is a 145 nt long sRNA that is also conserved in several closely related species within phylum Bacteroidota and has been hypothesized to play a role in carbon metabolism. Structural analyses have revealed this sRNA to possess an extended 5’ single stranded region (38 nt) followed by two meta-stable hairpins and a Rho-independent terminator at the 3’ end. It is maximally expressed when B. thetaiotaomicron is grown in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as the sole carbon source and has been shown to both induce and repress target mRNAs involved in metabolic regulation.
The B. thetaiotaomicron genome also contains a large subset of antisense sRNAs that bear resemblance to the B. fragilis DonS RNA. This family of 78 to 128 nt long sRNAs are encoded antisense to several of their target genes, that are members of PULs (Polysaccharide Utilization Loci).
# Eupithecia himalayata

Eupithecia himalayata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Nepal.
The wingspan is about 17.5–20 mm.
# 2020 Vision Campaign

The 2020 Vision Campaign was a failed international campaign that supposed to push for a nuclear-weapon-free world by the year 2020. It was initiated on a provisional basis by the Executive Cities of Mayors for Peace at their meeting in Manchester, UK, in October 2003. It was launched under the name 'Emergency Campaign to Ban Nuclear Weapons' in November of that year at the 2nd Citizens Assembly for the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons held in Nagasaki, Japan. In August 2005, the World Conference endorsed continuation of the Campaign under the title of the '2020 Vision Campaign'.

## Campaign objectives

The 2020 Vision Campaign has four main objectives:
1. Adoption of the Hiroshima-Nagasaki Protocol by the 2010 NPT Review Conference 2. Directly thereafter, an end to nuclear weapon acquisition and threats and, as soon as possible thereafter, a clampdown on all weapon-usable fissile materials 3. Conclusion of a Nuclear Weapons Convention prior to 2015 NPT Review Conference 4. Securely destroy all nuclear weapons by the 2020 NPT Review Conference
Working with mayoral associations, City Halls and various civil society advisors and actors, the 2020 Vision Campaign is pushing internationally for signatures to the Cities Appeal, leading to the adoption of the Hiroshima-Nagasaki Protocol in 2010.

## Hiroshima-Nagasaki Protocol

Since May 2008, the main focus of the work of the 2020 Vision Campaign has been the signature drive for the Cities Appeal in support of the Hiroshima-Nagasaki Protocol. The Protocol embeds the final objective of the 2020 Vision Campaign in a realistic framework. As a protocol complementary to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), it seeks to challenge national governments to follow through on the commitments they made in Article VI of the Treaty.
By signing the Cities Appeal, Mayors and elected local officials around the world are given the chance to get behind the Hiroshima-Nagasaki Protocol ahead of the formal and final presentation of the results of the international signature drive at the 2010 NPT Review Conference at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
# Asiopsocus

Asiopsocus is a genus of barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice in the family Asiopsocidae. There are about seven described species in Asiopsocus.

## Species

These seven species belong to the genus Asiopsocus:
* Asiopsocus meridionalis Lienhard, 1981
* Asiopsocus mongolicus Günther, 1968
* Asiopsocus sonorensis Mockford & Garcia Aldrete, 1976
* Asiopsocus spinosus Mockford, 2005
* Asiopsocus tehuacanus Garcia Aldrete & Casasola, 1995
* Asiopsocus vanharteni Lienhard, 1995
* Asiopsocus wulingshanensis Li, 2002
# Frank Bradke

Frank Bradke (born 16 October 1969 in Berlin) is a German neurobiologist who works on the physiological regeneration of nerve cells in the central nervous system. In 2016, he was awarded the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize for his "pioneering research in the field of regenerative neurobiology." He is currently a Group Leader at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases. He is a member of the Editorial Board for Current Biology.

## Early life and education

Frank Bradke was born on 16 October 1969 in what was then West Berlin. From 1989 to 1995, Bradke attended a special program in which he was simultaneous enrolled as a student at the Free University of Berlin and the University College London in which he received a Diplom in Biochemistry from the German university and a Bachelor of Science in Anatomy and Developmental Biology from the British university. He was later a doctoral student at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg and award a Ph.D. in Biology in 1999. After receiving his doctorate, Bradke moved to the United States in 2000 to work as a postdoctoral fellow under Marc Tessier-Lavigne, first at University of California, San Francisco and later at Stanford University.

## Career

In 2003, Bradke returned to Germany to work at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology in Martinsried. In 2011, Bradke moved to the University of Bonn.
# 2C-iP

2C-iP (also known as Jelena) is a relatively potent and long acting psychedelic phenethylamine and compound from the 2C family that was first synthesized by Dmitri Ger and has been sold online as a designer drug.
It is a structural analog of 2C-P.

## Legality
### Canada

As of October 31, 2016, 2C-iP is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada.
# 2000 in philosophy

2000 in philosophy

## Events

* Paul Ricœur was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy for having "revolutionized the methods of hermeneutic phenomenology, expanding the study of textual interpretation to include the broad yet concrete domains of mythology, biblical exegesis, psychoanalysis, theory of metaphor, and narrative theory."

## Publications

* Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt, Empire (2000)
* Iris Marion Young, Inclusion and Democracy (2000)
* Onora O'Neill, Bounds of Justice (2000)
* Herlinde Pauer-Studer, Constructions of Practical Reason: Interviews on Moral and Political Philosophy (2000)
* Demetrios Vassiliades, Greeks in India: A Survey in Philosophical Understanding (2000)

## Deaths

* October 9 - Charles Hartshorne (born 1897)
* December 25 - Willard Van Orman Quine (born 1908)
# 2012 Copa Agco Cordoba – Doubles

Facundo Bagnis and Diego Junqueira won the final 6–1, 6–2 against Ariel Behar and Guillermo Durán.

## Seeds

* Martín Alund / Horacio Zeballos (first round)
* Guido Andreozzi / Marcel Felder (semifinals)
* Goran Tošić / Denis Zivkovic (first round)
* Paul Capdeville / Iván Navarro (first round, withdrew)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | M Alund H Zeballos | 2 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Behar Guillermo Durán | 6 | 5 | [12] | | A Behar G Durán | 6 | 1 | [11] | | | | | | | | |
| | S Decoud S Robert | 6 | 6 | | | S Decoud S Robert | 2 | 6 | [9] | | | | | | | | |
| | Juan Ignacio Londero Leandro Migani | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | A Behar G Durán | 7 | 6 | | | | |
| 4 | P Capdeville I Navarro | | | | | | | | | | A van der Duim B Westerhof | 5 | 1 | | | | |
| | JC Campozano A Molteni | w/o | | | | JC Campozano A Molteni | 6 | 2 | [5] | | | | | | | | |
| | F Argüello J Martí | 6$^8$ | 5 | | | A van der Duim B Westerhof | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | A van der Duim B Westerhof | 7$^{10}$ | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | A Behar G Durán | 1 | 2 |
| | Diego Schwartzmann A Velotti | 2 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | | | | | F Bagnis D Junqueira | 6 | 6 |
| WC | J-M Aranguren T Lipovšek Puches | 6 | 2 | [10] | WC | J-M Aranguren T Lipovšek Puches | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | F Bagnis D Junqueira | 6 | 6 | | | F Bagnis D Junqueira | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | G Tošić D Zivkovic | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | F Bagnis D Junqueira | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | |
| | A Collarini R Olivo | 5 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | 2 | G Andreozzi M Felder | 6 | 4 | [8] | | | |
| WC | Franco Emanuel Egea J Hernández | 7 | 4 | [6] | | A Collarini R Olivo | 7$^7$ | 2 | [7] | | | | | | | | |
| WC | L Mayer Martin Rios-Benitez | 2 | 4 | | 2 | G Andreozzi M Felder | 6$^4$ | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | G Andreozzi M Felder | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Asiorrhina

Asiorrhina is a genus of long-beaked fungus gnats in the family Lygistorrhinidae.

## Species

* Asiorrhina asiatica (Senior-White, 1922)
* Asiorrhina parasiatica (Blagoderov, 2009)
# 713 Luscinia

713 Luscinia is a large, main belt asteroid orbiting the Sun. It is a member of the Cybele asteroid group.
# Frank Bradley

Frank Bradley may refer to:
* Frank Bradley (baseball) (1918–2002), American Negro leagues baseball player
* Frank Howe Bradley (1838–1879), American geologist
* Frank M. Bradley, United States Navy admiral
* Frank Bradley (drag racer), American Top Fuel racer
* Frank Bradley, who named Bechler River
* Frank Bradley, a character in The Adventures of Rex and Rinty
# Beesby

Beesby may refer to:
* Beesby, East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England
* Beesby, North East Lincolnshire, a deserted medieval village in Hawerby cum Beesby, North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England, see Grimsby Rural District
* Gilbert Beesby, MP for Lincoln
# 1931 Lehigh Engineers football team

The 1931 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1931 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach A. Austin Tate, the team compiled a 3–7 record, and lost both games against its Middle Three Conference rivals. Lehigh played home games at Taylor Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 26 | Ursinus* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | L 7–12 | |
| October 3 | Pennsylvania Military* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | W 13–0 | |
| October 10 | Johns Hopkins* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | L 12–20 | |
| October 17 | at Penn* | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 0–32 | 12,000 |
| October 24 | at Brown* | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | L 0–33 | |
| October 31 | Muhlenberg* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | W 33–0 | |
| November 7 | at Princeton* | Palmer StadiumPrinceton, NJ | W 19–7 | 22,000 |
| November 14 | at Rutgers | Neilson FieldNew Brunswick, NJ | L 12–26 | 7,500 |
| November 21 | Lafayette | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA (rivalry) | L 7–13 | 12,000 |
| November 28 | vs. Penn State* | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 0–31 | 2,500 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# 2014 NCAA football bowl games

In college football, 2014 NCAA football bowl games may refer to:
* 2013–14 NCAA football bowl games, for games played in January 2014 as part of the 2013 season.
* 2014–15 NCAA football bowl games, for games played in December 2014 as part of the 2014 season.
# 2021 Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand male co-leadership election

The 2021 Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand male co-leadership election was held to determine the future leadership of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. The election was won on the first ballot by incumbent co-leader and List MP, James Shaw.

## Background

In July 2021 Green Party member James Cockle announced his intention to stand for co-leader of the Green Party at that years annual general meeting (AGM). This triggered an election to fill the male co-leadership. It was the first time a sitting co-leader had been challenged for the leadership at an AGM since 2013.

## Candidates
### James Cockle

Cockle, a climate activist and software developer from Dunedin, ran for the leadership campaigning largely on promoting existing Green Party policy. He stated his unhappiness with the progress the Greens were making during the Parliamentary term and wanted the Greens to become a "major party" and cease being seen as "Labour's little helper".

### James Shaw

James Shaw had been a List MP since 2014 and had been co-leader since 2015. Following the formation of the Sixth Labour Government, which the Green Party supported, he was appointed a minister outside cabinet as Minister for Climate Change (2017–present) and Minister of Statistics (2017–2020). Shaw stated he was "quietly confident" he would be re-elected by party members.

## Result

The voting was conducted via ballot of the 140 party delegates from electorates across the country. The following table gives the ballot results:
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | James Shaw | 116 | 82.86 |
| | James Cockle | 4 | 2.86 |
| | Reopen nominations | 20 | 14.29 |
| Majority | Majority | 96 | 68.57 |
| Turnout | Turnout | 140 | — |
# A. M. S. G. Ashokan

A. M. S. G. Ashokan is an Indian politician and member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly representing Sivakasi. He is a member of the Indian National Congress.

## Personal life

Ashokan is a commerce graduate and has been a Congress party member since 1996. He served as the vice chairman of the Sivakasi municipality between 2006 and 2011. His father A. M. S. Ganesan also served as the chairperson of the Sivakasi municipality between 1967 and 1974 and his elder brother was the Tamil Nadu state president of the Seva Dal. He is also the managing director of the Arasan Ganesan Group of Industries.

## Electoral performance

2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Sivakasi :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | A. M. S. G. Ashokan | 78,947 | 43.07% | +7.79 |
| | AIADMK | Lakshmi Ganesan | 61,628 | 33.62% | −10.06 |
| | NTK | R. Kanagapriya | 20,865 | 11.38% | +9.53 |
| | AMMK | G. Samikkalai | 9,893 | 5.40% | New |
| | MNM | S. Mugunthan | 6,090 | 3.32% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 1,727 | 0.94% | −0.6 |
| | Independent | E. Lakshmanan | 1,430 | 0.78% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 17,319 | 9.45% | 1.05% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 183,320 | 70.02% | −3.87% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 61 | 0.03% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 261,809 | | |
| | INC gain from AIADMK | INC gain from AIADMK | Swing | -0.61% | |
# Beddomeia fallax

Beddomeia fallax is a species of very small freshwater snail that has a gill and an operculum, an aquatic operculate gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae. This species is endemic to Australia.
# Asade

Asade is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station
# Furazan

Furazan, or 1,2,5-oxadiazole, is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound consisting of a five-atom ring containing 1 oxygen and 2 nitrogen atoms. The furazan ring system is also found in the steroid furazabol. Furazan and its derivatives are obtained from the oxime derivatives of 1,2-diketones.

## Synthesis

In theory the simplest means of producing furazan is the cyclic-dehydration of glyoxime (the di-oxime of glyoxal), however the instability of furazan to high temperature or extremes of pH requires that this process be performed carefully. The formation of furazan from glyoxime is also exothermic and takes place with the copious evolution of noxious gases. The reaction may be achieved by heating glyoxime to 150 °C in the presence of succinic anhydride. Furazan will evaporate at that temperature, which continuously removes the product from the reaction mixture.

## Derivatives
### 3,4-Dimethylfurazan

3,4-Dimethylfurazan (b.p. 154–159 °C) is prepared by an analogous process by dehydrating dimethylglyoxime. A variety of related derivatives are known, including diphenyl- and methylethylfurazan.

### Carboxylic acid derivatives

Potassium permanganate oxidizes 3,4-dimethylfurazan first to methylfurazancarboxylic acid and then to furazandicarboxylic acid. By warming oxyfurazan acetic acid with excess of potassium permanganate, oxyfurazancarboxylic acid is obtained. It crystallizes as prisms (m.p. 175 °C). Furazancarboxylic acid (m.p. 107 °C) is prepared by oxidation of furazanpropionic acid with potassium permanganate. It dissolves in base to give nitrosocyanacetate.

### Diaminofurazan

The energetic precursor, diaminofurazan, can be prepared by heating diaminoglyoxime with potassium hydroxide followed by cooling to give white crystals. Like many other furazans, diaminofurazan forms stable complexes with copper(II) salts.

### Furoxan

Furoxan may be formed by dimerization of nitrile oxides
# Fernando Román

Fernando Román is the name of:
* Fernando Román (footballer, born 1993), Spanish centre-back
* Fernando Román (footballer, born 1998), Paraguayan left-back
* Fernando Román (footballer, born 2001), Paraguayan defender
# 2012 Pittsburgh Panthers football team

The 2012 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Panthers were led by first-year head coach Paul Chryst and played their home games at Heinz Field. They were a member of the Big East Conference. This was Pitt's last season as a member of the Big East. Next season, they began play in the ACC.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 1 | 6:00 p.m. | No. 13 (FCS) Youngstown State* | Heinz FieldPittsburgh, PA | ESPN3 | L 17–31 | 40,837 |
| September 6 | 8:00 p.m. | at Cincinnati | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH (River City Rivalry) | ESPN | L 10–34 | 33,562 |
| September 15 | 12:00 p.m. | No. 13 Virginia Tech* | Heinz FieldPittsburgh, PA | ESPNU | W 35–17 | 48,032 |
| September 22 | 3:30 p.m. | Gardner–Webb* | Heinz FieldPittsburgh, PA | ESPN3 | W 55–10 | 36,452 |
| October 5 | 7:00 p.m. | at Syracuse | Carrier DomeSyracuse, NY (rivalry) | ESPN | L 13–14 | 40,394 |
| October 13 | 11:00 a.m. | No. 18 Louisville | Heinz FieldPittsburgh, PA | ESPNU | L 35–45 | 42,432 |
| October 20 | 3:30 p.m. | at Buffalo* | University at Buffalo StadiumAmherst, NY | ESPN+ | W 20–6 | 17,021 |
| October 27 | 12:00 p.m. | Temple | Heinz FieldPittsburgh, PA | Big East Network | W 47–17 | 42,425 |
| November 3 | 3:30 p.m. | at No. 3 Notre Dame* | Notre Dame StadiumNotre Dame, IN (rivalry) | NBC | L 26–29 $^{3OT}$ | 80,795 |
| November 9 | 8:00 p.m. | at Connecticut | Rentschler FieldEast Hartford, CT | ESPN2 | L 17–24 | 33,503 |
| November 24 | 12:00 p.m. | No. 19 Rutgers | Heinz FieldPittsburgh, PA | ESPN2 | W 27–6 | 38,786 |
| December 1 | 7:00 p.m. | at South Florida | Raymond James StadiumTampa, FL | ESPN2 | W 27–3 | 35,141 |
| January 5 | 1:00 p.m. | vs. Ole Miss* | Legion FieldBirmingham, AL (BBVA Compass Bowl) | ESPN | L 17–38 | 59,135 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time |||||||

## Team players drafted into the NFL

| Player | Position | Round | Pick | NFL club |
| No Players Selected |||||