OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amador Pines, California

Amador Pines is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Amador County, California, United States. It is located along California State Route 88, bordered to the south by Buckhorn and to the west by Lockwood. The Census Bureau first designated it as a CDP prior to the 2020 census for statistical purposes.

## Demographics

Amador Pines first appeared as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.

### 2020 Census

Amador Pines CDP, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 950 | 84.87% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 3 | 0.27% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 16 | 1.43% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 10 | 0.89% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 3 | 0.27% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 45 | 4.03% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 91 | 8.14% |
| Total | 1,118 | 100.00% |
# 1930 William & Mary Indians football team

The 1930 William & Mary Indians football team represented the College of William & Mary as a member of the Virginia Conference during the 1930 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Branch Bocock, the Indians compiled an overall record of 7–2–1 with a mark of 5–0 in conference play, winning the Virginia Conference title.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 27 | Guilford* | Cary FieldWilliamsburg, VA | W 24–0 | |
| October 4 | at Navy* | Thompson StadiumAnnapolis, MD | L 6–19 | |
| October 11 | Wofford* | Cary FieldWilliamsburg, VA | W 19–0 | |
| October 18 | vs. VPI* | City StadiumRichmond, VA | L 6–7 | 8,000 |
| October 25 | Bridgewater | Cary FieldWilliamsburg, VA | W 81–0 | |
| November 1 | at Harvard* | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA | T 13–13 | |
| November 8 | Roanoke | Cary FieldWilliamsburg, VA | W 39–0 | |
| November 15 | Emory and Henry | Cary FieldWilliamsburg, VA | W 27–0 | |
| November 27 | at Richmond | City StadiumRichmond, VA (rivalry) | W 19–0 | |
| December 6 | vs. Hampden–Sydney | Richmond, VA | W 13–0 | < 1,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Crotalus stephensi

Crotalus stephensi is a venomous pitviper species found in central and southern Nevada and adjacent California. Common names include panamint rattlesnake, panamint rattler, Owens Valley rattler, and tiger rattlesnake (not to be confused with C. tigris).

## Etymology

The specific name, stephensi, is in honor of Frank Stephens (1849–1937), curator emeritus of the San Diego Society of Natural History.

## Description

Adults of C. stephensi are 58 to 132 cm (23 to 52 in) in total length (including tail), with an average of 60 to 91 cm (24 to 36 in).
According to Klauber (1936), this species is characterized by the absence of the vertical light line on the posterior edge of the prenasal and first supralabial scales. The supraocular scales are pitted, sutured, or with the outer edges broken.
The color pattern consists of a straw, tan, buff, brown, or gray ground color, overlaid with a series of buff, gray, brown, or deep red-brown blotches. Often, gray suffusions occur on the sides of the body and head, and a scattering of black-tipped scales occur on the back, especially at the edges of the blotches.

## Geographic range

Crotalus stephensi is found in desert-mountain areas of the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada from Mono County, California, east to Nye County, Nevada, south through southwestern Nevada, southeast to Clark County, Nevada, and southwest to central San Bernardino County, California at 900 to 2,400 m (3,000 to 7,900 ft) altitude.

## Feeding

The diet of C. stephensi consists of small mammals, lizards, and birds.

## Reproduction

Crotalus stephensi is ovoviviparous, and the young are born in July and August. Neonates are about 25 cm in total length.
# Benbane Head

55°14′49″N 6°29′06″W﻿ / ﻿55.247°N 6.485°W﻿ / 55.247; -6.485
Benbane Head, or Benbane (from Irish an Bhinn Bhán 'the white headland'), is the northernmost point of mainland Northern Ireland. It is in County Antrim, near the Giant's Causeway, which lies between Causeway Head and Benbane Head. The nearest settlements are Bushmills and Portballintrae.
# Beach Spike

Beach Spike (Yit long kau oi jin 熱浪球愛戰) is a 2011 Hong Kong film directed by Tony Tang. The film involves a female beach volleyball teams with martial arts skills. It has a proposed cast of veteran actors Bolo Yeung and Ronald Cheng along with the female leads of Theresa Fu, Chrissie Chau, Phoenix Chou and Ankie Beilke.

## Plot

In Hong Kong's Paradise Cove Sharon (Chrissie Chau) and Rachel (Theresa Fu) work at a restaurant of their kung fu master uncle Tao (Lo Mang) while taking on rivals in beach volleyball matches. The wealthy Bu family has plans to have the beach made into a playground for the rich and getting rid of the youth at the beach. Mrs. Bu's two Eurasian daughters, Natalie (Jessica C) and Natasha (Phoenix Chou) challenge Sharon and Rachel to a volleyball match which Natalie and Natasha win. Natasha and Natalie give Rachel and Sharon a challenge: if the two local girls enter and win the upcoming All Hong Kong Women's Volleyball tournament, Mrs. Bu will revise her plans to further develop the area. Sharon and Rachel feel they don't have a chance to win the tournament. Their uncle then Tao teaches the girls kung fu skills that they apply to volleyball.

## Cast

* Chrissie Chau as Sharon
* Theresa Fu as Rachel
* Jessica C as Natalie
* Him Law as Tim
* Alex Lam as Water
* Lam Suet as Water's father
* Lo Mang as Uncle Tao
* Sharon Yeung as Auntie Tao
* Phoenix Chou as Natasha
* Candice Yu as Mrs. Bro
* Philip Ng as Coach
* La Ying as SingSing

## Production

Beach Spike is the live-action feature debut of animator Tony Tang, who previously directed the actress Chrissie Chau in a Slim Beauty television commercial in 2009, where she rips open her office outfit to reveal herself in a bikini. The film was set to shoot in Nanhai and Hong Kong. Beach Spike is the second film after The Blood Bond to come from producer Bey Logan's B&E Productions. The film was partially funded by the Hong Kong Film Development Fund who approved $2,799,836.00 for it in June 2010. Chau took three months of volleyball training to prepare for her role in Beach Spike. While working on Beach Spike during the day, Chau and Him Law were shooting the scenes for Marriage with a Liar by night. Production on Beach Spike ended in late September 2010.

## Release

Beach Spike was released in Hong Kong on 7 July 2011. It was the fourth highest-grossing film in the Hong Kong box office on its opening week. In total, the film has grossed $191,748.
# Cinchoneae

The Cinchoneae are a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing about 125 species in 9 genera. Representatives are found from Costa Rica to southern tropical America. Species within Cinchoneae are characterized as small trees or shrubs with imbricate or valvate corolla aestivation and often dry capsular fruits. Many species contain alkaloids.

## Genera

Currently accepted names
* Ciliosemina Antonelli (2 sp)
* Cinchona L. (24 sp)
* Cinchonopsis L.Andersson (1 sp)
* Joosia H.Karst. (12 sp)
* Ladenbergia Klotzsch (35 sp)
* Maguireocharis Steyerm. (1 sp)
* Pimentelia Wedd. (1 sp)
* Remijia DC. (45 sp)
* Stilpnophyllum Hook.f. (4 sp)
Synonyms
* Cascarilla (Endl.) Wedd. = Ladenbergia
* Cephalodendron Steyerm. = Remijia
* Kinkina Adans. = Cinchona
* Macrocneumum Vand. = Remijia
* Quinquina Boehm. = Cinchona
# 1975 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's singles

The 1975 World Table Tennis Championships men's singles was the 33rd edition of the men's singles championship.
István Jónyer defeated Antun Stipančić in the final, winning three sets to two to secure the title.

## Results

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Hsi En-ting | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gábor Gergely | 11 | 9 | 18 | | | En-ting | 8 | 23 | 23 | 7 | 17 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Antun Stipančić | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | Stipančić | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Trevor Taylor | 19 | 17 | 18 | | | | | | | | | Stipančić | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 21 | | | | | | |
| Norio Takashima | 23 | 21 | 19 | 21 | | | | | | | | Takashima | 10 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 13 | | | | | | |
| Jacques Secrétin | 21 | 6 | 21 | 18 | | Takashima | 21 | 25 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Kjell Johansson | 21 | 21 | 12 | 21 | | Johansson | 18 | 23 | 23 | 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liang Ko-Liang | 17 | 17 | 21 | 17 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Stipančić | 21 | 21 | 14 | 15 | 19 |
| Sarkis Sarchayan | 21 | 21 | 24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Jónyer | 17 | 12 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Jochen Liess | 7 | 13 | 22 | | | Sarkhayan | 19 | 16 | 21 | 20 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| István Jónyer | 21 | 14 | 21 | 21 | | Jónyer | 21 | 21 | 16 | 22 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Li Peng | 12 | 21 | 16 | 10 | | | | | | | | Jónyer | 21 | 21 | 25 | | | | | | | | |
| Stellan Bengtsson | 21 | 19 | 21 | 16 | 10 | | | | | | | Kono | 13 | 15 | 23 | | | | | | | | |
| Mitsuru Kono | 18 | 21 | 18 | 21 | 21 | Kono | 21 | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Hsu Shao-Fa | 21 | 19 | 16 | 21 | 19 | Šurbek | 7 | 10 | 18 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dragutin Šurbek | 16 | 21 | 21 | 18 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 1989 Icelandic Cup

The 1989 Icelandic Cup was the 30th edition of the National Football Cup.
It took place between 29 May 1989 and 27 August 1989, with the final played at Laugardalsvöllur in Reykjavík. The cup was important, as winners qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (if a club won both the league and the cup, the defeated finalists would take their place in the Cup Winners' Cup).
The 10 clubs from the 1. Deild entered in the last 16, with clubs from lower tiers entering in the three preliminary rounds. Teams played one-legged matches. In case of a draw, a penalty shoot-out took place (there were no replays, unlike in previous years).
Fram won their seventh Icelandic Cup, beating KR Reykjavík in the final, and so qualifying for Europe.

## First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 29 May 1989 |||
| Grótta | 1–5 | ÍBV |
| 30 May 1989 |||
| Leiftur | 1–0 | Reynir Árskógsströnd |
| Ægir | 0–2 | Njarðvík |
| Skallagrímur | 1–2 | Breiðablik |
| Leiknir F. | 2–0 | Sindri |
| Höttur | 3–2 | Valur Reyðarfjörður |
| Huginn | 2–2 (a.e.t.) 6−5 (pen) | Einherji |
| KS | 5–1 | Dalvík |
| Völsungur | 1–0 | Magni Grenivík |
| Ernir | 0–1 | Augnablik |
| Víðir | 0–0 (a.e.t.) 5−4 (pen) | Snæfell |
| Hafnir | 3–1 | Afturelding |
| 31 May 1989 |||
| IK | 2–1 | ÍR |
| Hvöt | 0–7 | Tindastóll |
| þróttur | 2–0 | Haukar |
| 1 June 1989 |||
| Grindavík | 3–1 | Hamar |
| Vikverji | 7–4 (a.e.t.) | Ármann |
| þrottur Norðfjörður | 2–0 | Austri |

## Second round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 11 June 1989 |||
| Reynir Sandgerði | 0–7 | Stjarnan |
| Augnablik | 10–2 | Hafnir |
| Leiftur | 1–2 | Völsungur |
| Höttur | 2–4 | Leiknir F. |
| Víðir | 3–1 | IK |
| þróttur | 3–0 | Njarðvík |
| ÍBV | 6–0 | Stokkseyri |
| Árvakur H. | 0–1 | Vikverji |
| Selfoss | 6–0 | Víkingur Ó. |
| þrottur Norðfjörður | 4–4 (a.e.t.) 0−3 (pen) | Huginn |
| Tindastóll | 1–0 | KS |
| Grindavík | 3–2 | Breiðablik |

## Third round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 19 June 1989 |||
| þróttur | 4–0 | Vikverji |
| 20 June 1989 |||
| Grindavík | 0–1 | Víðir |
| 21 June 1989 |||
| Tindastóll | 3–2 | Völsungur |
| Augnablik | 1–13 | ÍBV |
| Stjarnan | 0–1 | Selfoss |
| Leiknir F. | 0–3 | Huginn |

## Fourth round

* Entry of ten teams from the 1. Deild
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 4 July 1989 |||
| Valur | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Víkingur |
| þróttur | 5–2 (a.e.t.) | Huginn |
| Þór Akureyri | 0–1 (a.e.t.) | ÍBV |
| 5 July 1989 |||
| Víðir | 0–0 (a.e.t.) 5−4 (pen) | Selfoss |
| Tindastóll | 2–2 (a.e.t.) 1−4 (pen) | KR |
| FH | 1–6 | ÍA |
| KA | 0–1 | Fram |
| Fylkir | 0–2 (a.e.t.) | Keflavík |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 17 July 1989 |||
| þróttur | 2–3 | Keflavík |
| 18 July 1989 |||
| Valur | 0–1 | KR |
| ÍA | 2–4 | ÍBV |
| Víðir | 1–2 | Fram |

## Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 9 August 1989 |||
| Keflavík | 3–4 | Fram |
| ÍBV | 2–3 | KR |

## Final

* Fram won their seventh Icelandic Cup, and qualified for the 1990–91 European Cup Winners' Cup.
# Cape-Pigeon Rocks

The Cape-Pigeon Rocks are twin rocky promontories on the western side of Watt Bay, 6 kilometres (3 nmi) south of Garnet Point. They were discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who gave the name because of the large rookery of Cape petrels (also known as Cape pigeons) here. The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names added a hyphen between the first and second words in the specific part of the name to reduce ambiguity and emphasize the generic term "Rocks".

## Important Bird Area

A 127 ha site comprising the ice-free ground of Cape Pigeon Rocks, along with a small ice-free island to the east and the intervening sea ice, has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a colony of about 10,000 breeding pairs of Adélie penguins (estimated from 2011 satellite imagery).
# Canton of Avord

The canton of Avord is an administrative division of the Cher department, in central France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Avord.
It consists of the following communes:
* Argenvières
* Avord
* Baugy
* Beffes
* Bengy-sur-Craon
* La Chapelle-Montlinard
* Charentonnay
* Chassy
* Chaumoux-Marcilly
* Couy
* Crosses
* Étréchy
* Farges-en-Septaine
* Garigny
* Groises
* Gron
* Herry
* Jussy-Champagne
* Jussy-le-Chaudrier
* Lugny-Champagne
* Marseilles-lès-Aubigny
* Moulins-sur-Yèvre
* Nohant-en-Goût
* Osmoy
* Précy
* Saint-Léger-le-Petit
* Saint-Martin-des-Champs
* Sancergues
* Savigny-en-Septaine
* Sévry
* Villabon
* Villequiers
* Vornay
# Cynosure (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Dangerdog | |
| Metal Temple | |
| Metal Storm | |
Cynosure is the second album by the power metal/progressive metal band by Viathyn. It was released physically and digitally in 2014.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Viathyn

## Personnel

* Tomislav Crnkovic – vocals, guitars
* David Crnkovic – drums
* Jacob Wright – guitars
* Alex Kot – bass

### Session musicians

* Sean Jenkins - guest harsh vocals

### Technical staff

* Sacha Laskow - mastering
# Bend (The Origin album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Bend is the second and final album by the band The Origin, released in 1992. The lead single, "Bonfires Burning", charted at number 17 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.

## Release and reception

Bend was released on CD and cassette on February 11, 1992, with eleven tracks featuring a more mature sound with elements of psychedelia, folk, rock, and power pop. Upon release, Bend did not chart on the Billboard 200, receiving little attention during the changing era of grunge at the time. Two of the album's tracks were released as singles, with one charting on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks. The album is currently out of print and unavailable on digital stores and streaming sites.
Allmusic gave the album an editor rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars, with Stanton Swihart describing it as "elastic, funky, vaguely spacey, rhythm heavy, soulful. The songs were significantly stronger both melodically and thematically and the playing much more dynamic than their self-titled debut. The quartet sounds less reigned in, and, as a result, they were able to let the songs find their own forms and create a considerably more organic and rootsy vibe." Swihart continues... "the most impressive songs position themselves in a long Golden State lineage, from the Neil Young echoes of "Giving It All" to the gloomy, epic folk-rock of "Candymine" and the glimmering, sun-over-the-horizon feel of "Never Again." And the title track has a subdued beauty that seems to take an orchestral grandeur from the California landscape."

## Track listing

All songs written by The Origin except * written by Michael Andrews. All words by Michael Andrews.

## Personnel

The Origin
* Michael Andrews – lead vocals, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, lap steel guitar, harmonica
* Daniel Silverman – acoustic piano, organ, backing vocals
* Topper Rimel – bass, backing vocals
* Rony Abada – drums

### Production

* Andy Factor – A&R direction
* Jeffrey Wood – producer
* Andy Taub – engineer
* Richard Kaplan – additional engineer
* Chris Kupper – additional engineer
* Jason Wolchin – additional engineer
* Chris Haley – assistant engineer
* Jordan Jannone – assistant engineer
* Mark Ettel – mixing at Ground Control Studios (Santa Monica, California)
* Ken Koroshetz – mix assistant
* Brian Gardner – mastering at Bernie Grundman Mastering (Hollywood, California)
* Jay Moxley – guitar technician
* Melanie Nissen – art direction, photography
* Inge Schaap – design
* Jeremy Farson – cover artwork

### Singles

| Year | Title | US Alt. | Album |
| 1992 | "Bonfires Burning" | 17 | Bend |
| 1992 | "Waiting" | — | Bend |

### Music videos

| Year | Title |
| 1992 | "Bonfires Burning" |
| 1992 | "Bend" |
# Cryptolechia holopyrrha

Cryptolechia holopyrrha is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1912. It is found in Colombia.
The wingspan is 28–38 mm. The forewings are deep ferruginous-brown. The stigmata are obscure, cloudy and darker, the plical rather beyond the first discal. There is a very faint paler strongly curved subterminal line. The hindwings range from pale to rather dark reddish-fuscous.
# 1954 European Athletics Championships – Men's 1500 metres

The men's 1500 metres at the 1954 European Athletics Championships was held in Bern, Switzerland, at Stadion Neufeld on 26 and 29 August 1954.

## Medalists

| Gold | Roger Bannister Great Britain |
| Silver | Gunnar Nielsen Denmark |
| Bronze | Stanislav Jungwirth Czechoslovakia |

## Results
### Final

29 August
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Roger Bannister | Great Britain | 3:43.8 | CR NR |
| | Gunnar Nielsen | Denmark | 3:44.4 | NR |
| | Stanislav Jungwirth | Czechoslovakia | 3:45.4 | |
| 4 | Ingvar Ericsson | Sweden | 3:46.2 | |
| 5 | Werner Lueg | West Germany | 3:46.4 | |
| 6 | Sándor Iharos | Hungary | 3:47.0 | |
| 7 | Denis Johansson | Finland | 3:47.4 | |
| 8 | Günter Dohrow | West Germany | 3:48.2 | |
| 9 | Ian Boyd | Great Britain | 3:49.2 | |
| 10 | Jorma Kakko | Finland | 3:51.8 | |
| | Veliša Mugoša | Yugoslavia | DNF | |
| | Alfred Langenus | Belgium | DNS | |

### Heats

26 August

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Günter Dohrow | West Germany | 3:51.0 | Q |
| 2 | Stanislav Jungwirth | Czechoslovakia | 3:51.2 | Q |
| 3 | Roger Bannister | Great Britain | 3:51.8 | Q |
| 4 | Alfred Langenus | Belgium | 3:51.8 | Q |
| 5 | Andrej Vipotnik | Yugoslavia | 3:52.2 | |
| 6 | Edmund Potrzebowski | Poland | 3:52.2 | |
| 7 | Vladimir Bagreyev | Soviet Union | 3:53.0 | |
| 8 | August Sutter | Switzerland | 3:54.4 | |
| 9 | Ekrem Koçak | Turkey | 3:57.4 | |
| 10 | Richard Badet | France | 3:57.8 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Veliša Mugoša | Yugoslavia | 3:51.0 | Q |
| 2 | Sándor Iharos | Hungary | 3:51.2 | Q |
| 3 | Ingvar Ericsson | Sweden | 3:51.4 | Q |
| 4 | Jorma Kakko | Finland | 3:51.4 | Q |
| 5 | Roger Müller | Luxembourg | 3:52.0 | |
| 6 | Gaston Reiff | Belgium | 3:57.0 | |
| 7 | Evangelos Depastas | Greece | 3:58.2 | |
| 8 | Heinz Thoet | Switzerland | 4:01.0 | |
| 9 | Manuel Macías | Spain | 4:10.6 | |

#### Heat 3

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Werner Lueg | West Germany | 3:53.2 | Q |
| 2 | Ian Boyd | Great Britain | 3:53.2 | Q |
| 3 | Gunnar Nielsen | Denmark | 3:53.6 | Q |
| 4 | Denis Johansson | Finland | 3:53.8 | Q |
| 5 | Antoine Vincendon | France | 3:54.6 | |
| 6 | István Rózsavölgyi | Hungary | 3:54.6 | |
| 7 | Alexander Zvolensky | Czechoslovakia | 3:55.2 | |
| 8 | Kazimierz Żbikowski | Poland | 3:56.6 | |
| 9 | Dimitrios Konstantinidis | Greece | 3:57.6 | |
| 10 | Turhan Göker | Turkey | 4:01.2 | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 29 athletes from 17 countries participated in the event.
* Belgium (2)
* Czechoslovakia (2)
* Denmark (1)
* Finland (2)
* France (2)
* Greece (2)
* Hungary (2)
* Luxembourg (1)
* Poland (2)
* Soviet Union (1)
* Spain (1)
* Sweden (1)
* Switzerland (2)
* Turkey (2)
* Great Britain (2)
* West Germany (2)
* Yugoslavia (2)
# Coat of arms of Åland

The coat of arms of Åland features a golden red deer on a blue field. This is traditionally surmounted by a comital coronet of the elder Swedish style.

## History

First known symbol of the Åland islands is a seal from 1326 depicting Saint Olaf, the patron saint of the islands. The saint is seated on a throne, holding in his hands a globus cruciger and an axe. The medieval seal was later used as an inspiration for the arms of Jomala municipality, granted in 1952.
The arms borne today by the Åland islands were originally granted to the similar-sounding island province of Öland in 1560, displaying a golden red deer on a blue field. In 1569, Åland had been given to the Swedish queen dowager Katarina Stenbock as a fief and was awarded a provincial coat of arms displaying two roe deer on a field strewn with nine roses. The arms of these two similar-sounding Swedish provinces became confused early on, and in the 1880s Öland's arms were recorded as two roe deer with nine roses. Sweden had ceded much of its eastern territory, including the Åland Islands, to Russia in 1809, which became the Grand Duchy of Finland, but the heraldic switch-up was not discovered until the 1940s.
During a heraldic revision in 1944, the Swedish National Heraldry Office (Riksheraldikerämbetet) discovered that a mistake had been committed. Heraldic authorities in Finland were notified of the error but ultimately decided not make any changes and not to adopt the coat of arms originally intended for Åland (with the two roe deer and nine Finnish roses), as they had long since granted Åland the arms which had been usurped from Öland. This decision made it necessary for Swedish heralds to once again alter the coat of arms for Öland, to avoid further confusion. It was then decided in 1944 that the Öland deer should have a red collar and attire to distinguish it from the arms which had been first granted to Öland but now belonged to Åland.

## Gallery

* Seal of Åland from 1326
* Arms granted to Öland in 1560 and used there prior to the 1569 transfer of Åland, subsequently used there until present day
* Arms designed for Åland in the 16th century but instead used by Öland (officially 1880s–1944, but also used earlier)
* Arms granted to Öland in 1944, with the red collar added and the attire changed to red to distinguish it from Åland
* Arms of Åland used in the funeral of King Gustavus Adolphus in 1634.
* Arms of Åland by Karl Bomansson from 1889 showing the stag with a jewelled collar.
* Arms of Åland as part of the arms of Turku and Pori Province from 1890.