OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adverbial complement

An adverbial complement is an adverbial that is required to complete the meaning of a verb, such that if it is removed, it will yield an ungrammatical sentence or an intrinsically different meaning of the verb. They stand in contrast to adverbial adjuncts, which can be removed from a sentence without altering its structure or meaning.
Adverbial complements often accompany verbs of caused motion such as put or place:
* She put the cheese back.
* *She put the cheese.
* Now place the vase on the mantlepiece.
* *Now place the vase.
However, they can occur with other types of verbs as well:
* We are staying in a hotel.
* *We are staying.

## Theoretical approaches

Head-driven phrase structure grammar describes adverbial complements as part of the verbs' subcategorization frame, which is why they are obligatory arguments. In this theory, adverbial complements are stored in the lexicon as part of the grammatical competence relating to the verb.
An alternative description, along the lines of construction grammar is that they are parts of certain argument structure constructions – in this case the caused motion construction – which are specifically compatible with the semantics of the verb. Here, adverbial complements are stored in the grammar as part of the caused motion construction which is a sign in its own right.
Another construction-based theory combines the two arguing that certain senses of verbs co-occur so frequently with certain argument structure constructions, that the argument structures are also stored as part of the grammatical competence relating to the verb. These small argument structure constructions are called mini-constructions. So, in the case of put, in accordance with this theory, adverbial complements are both part of the argument structure construction and stored as information regarding the verb itself.
# Adversarial collaboration

In science, adversarial collaboration is a modality of collaboration wherein opposing views work together in order to jointly advance knowledge of the area under dispute. This can take the form of a scientific experiment conducted by two groups of experimenters with competing hypotheses, with the aim of constructing and implementing an experimental design in a way that satisfies both groups that there are no obvious biases or weaknesses in the experimental design. Adversarial collaboration can involve a neutral moderator and lead to a co-designed experiment and joint publishing of findings in order to resolve differences. With its emphasis on transparency throughout the research process, adversarial collaboration has been described as sitting within the open science framework.

## History

One of the earliest modern examples of adversarial collaboration was a 1988 collaboration between Erez and Latham with Edwin Locke working as a neutral third party. This collaboration came about as the result of a disagreement from the field of Goal-Setting research between Erez and Latham on an aspect of goal-setting research around the effect of participation on goal commitment and performance. Latham and Erez designed four experiments which explained the differences between their individual findings, but did not coin the term adversarial collaboration. Independently, to Erez, Locke and Latham whose work he was unaware of, Daniel Kahneman developed a similar protocol for adversarial collaboration around ten years later and may have been the first to use the term adversarial collaboration. More recently, Clark and Tetlock have proposed adversarial collaboration as a vehicle for improving how science can self-correct through exploring rival hypotheses which will ultimately expose false claims. Their work has led to the University of Pennsylvania School of Arts & Sciences creating the Adversarial Collaboration Project which seeks to encourage the use of adversarial collaboration as a research approach to address a variety of research questions.

## Benefits

Adversarial collaboration has been recommended by Daniel Kahneman and others as a way of reducing the distorting impact of cognitive-motivational biases on human reasoning and resolving contentious issues in fringe science. It has also been recommended as a potential solution for improving academic commentaries.
Philip Tetlock and Gregory Mitchell have discussed it in various articles. They argue:
   Adversarial collaboration is most feasible when least needed: when the clashing camps have advanced testable theories, subscribe to common canons for testing those theories, and disagreements are robust but respectful. And adversarial collaboration is least feasible when most needed: when the scientific community lacks clear criteria for falsifying points of view, disagrees on key methodological issues, relies on second- or third-best substitute methods for testing causality, and is fractured into opposing camps that engage in ad hominem posturing and that have intimate ties to political actors who see any concession as weakness.
# Adjacent

Adjacent or adjacency may refer to:
* Adjacent (graph theory) in a graph, two vertices that are both endpoints of the same edge, or two distinct edges that share an end vertex
* Adjacent (music), a conjunct step to a note which is next in the scale
# Boloor, Mangalore

Boloor is a locality in the western part of Mangalore city of Karnataka state in India. Industries such as Hindustan Unilever are situated at Boloor.
# Bombay (mango)

The 'Bombay' mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in Jamaica.

## History

Bombay was originally grown from a seed brought to Jamaica from India during the Indian indenture system in the 19th century. The fruit became popular due to its widely accepted flavor, and Bombay was eventually introduced into the United States via south Florida, where it is now sold as nursery stock. A 2005 pedigree analysis of the Florida mango cultivars found that Bombay was a parent of several mangoes which originated in the state, including Bailey's Marvel, Jacquelin, and Zill. All were estimated to have been Haden x Bombay crosses.

## Description

The fruit averages less than a pound at maturity and typically remains mostly green, with little red blush. The flesh is dark orange and completely fiber-less. It has a flavor described as being rich and spicy. It is known for having an easily removable seed.
The trees are vigorous in growth and form open canopies.
# Bogomil (village)

Bogomil is a village in the municipality of Harmanli, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.
# Admetula dubia

Admetula dubia is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cancellariidae, also referred to as the nutmeg snails.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 11 mm, its diameter 6.5 mm.

## Distribution

Fossils have been found in Eocene strata in Picardy, France.
# Adolphe Bloch

Adolphe Bloch (1882–1969) was a 20th-century French biological and racialist anthropologist as well as a Turkologist, and member of the Society of Anthropology of Paris.
He was particularly interested in the Osmanlis.
# Adolphe Boschot

Adolphe Boschot (4 May 1871 in Fontenay-sous-Bois – 1 June 1955 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a French essayist, musicologist, and music critic.

## Publications

* La Crise poétique, and also Le Poète, les Courtisanes et l’Amour, Perrin, Paris, 1897
* Poèmes dialogués, Perrin, Paris, 1901
* L'histoire d'un romantique : Hector Berlioz.
* La jeunesse d'un romantique : Hector Berlioz, 1803-1831, d'après de nombreux documents inédits, Plon, Paris, 1906 (Many subsequent reprints)
* Un romantique sous Louis-Philippe : Hector Berlioz 1831–1842, d'après de nombreux documents inédits, Plon, Paris, 1908 (Many subsequent reprints)
* Le crépuscule d'un romantique : Hector Berlioz 1842-1869, d'après de nombreux documents inédits, Plon, Paris, 1913 (Many subsequent reprints)
* Le Faust de Berlioz : Étude sur la "Damnation de Faust" et sur l'âme romantique, Costallat, Paris, 1910 (reprint: éd. musicales de la librairie de France, Paris, 1927; Plon, Paris, 1945)
* Une Vie romantique. Hector Berlioz, Plon, Paris, 1920
* Chez nos Poètes, Plon, Paris, 1925
* La lumière de Mozart, Plon, Paris, 1928. Reprinted in 1941: La lumière de Mozart. Florilège. Plon. Éditions d'histoire et d'art, Paris
* Le mystère musical, Plon, Paris, 1929
* La musique et la vie, Plon, Paris, 1931
* Mozart, Plon, Paris, 1935
* Musiciens poètes : Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Liszt, Chopin, Plon, Paris, 1937
* Portraits de musiciens, Plon, Paris, 1946
* Souvenirs d'un autre siècle, Plon, Paris, 1946
# Borsdane Wood

Borsdane Wood is an Ancient Semi Natural Woodland in the Mersey Rivers catchment area, in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. It is believed to have been continuous woodland cover since before 1600 AD and is composed of native tree species that have not obviously been planted. Borsdane Wood was designated a Local Nature Reserve in 1986.
The wood consists of approximately 34 hectares (85 acres) of mixed broadleaf trees including species such as oak, ash, birch, cherry, hazel, hawthorn, blackthorn and dog rose, as well as areas of open ground. With trees many hundreds of years old the wood has remained relatively unchanged for centuries and is home to a wide variety of wildlife. The wood follows the course of the Borsdane Brook which is the boundary between Hindley and Westhoughton and the Metropolitan Boroughs of Wigan and Bolton.
From Hindley, Greater Manchester there are several entrances to the wood, one of which can be accessed from Hindley centre through Raynor Park or through the cemetery. A tunnel under the railway leads into woodland little changed in centuries. A path leads to Aspull, Greater Manchester where the access is located near the Gerrard Arms Public House.
The town of Westhoughton is adjacent to the wood.
# Adolph Strauch

Adolph Strauch (b. August 30, 1822 – 1883) was a renowned landscape architect born in Silesia, Prussia, known particularly for his layout designs of cemeteries like Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati, Ohio, Forest Lawn in Buffalo, NY and Oak Woods Cemetery in Chicago, Illinois. Strauch also laid out many parks in Cincinnati, Ohio, including Eden Park, Burnet Woods and Lincoln Park. Strauch was hired by Spring Grove Cemetery in 1855 to handle the landscaping, and became superintendent of the place by 1859. He also designed Greenwood Cemetery (Hamilton, Ohio).

## Biography

Born in the province of Silesia of Prussia in 1822, Strauch began learning the art of landscaping around 1838, at age sixteen, when he studied in Vienna, Austria, under gardeners at Schönbrunn Palace and Schloss Laxenburg. It was at Schönbrunn Palace that he became recognized in the craft by Hermann von Pückler-Muskau, who praised his work and befriended Strauch.
By 1845 Strauch had left Vienna to get a more thorough idea of gardening techniques used in areas like Belgium, Germany and France.

## Career

In 1852, soon after arriving in the U.S., Strauch designed Mount Storm Park in Cincinnati in the neighborhood of Clifton, which was at that time the private villa estate of entrepreneur Robert A. Bowler. His reputation quickly grew and he designed many private gardens in that area. After reading Cosmos by Alexander von Humboldt, with its depictions of grave gardens in China, Strauch was inspired to implement similar plans in the United States. By lessening the appearance of gaudy monuments and railings that were so much a part of cemetery layouts at the time, Strauch focused more on expansive areas of lawn and clusters of trees and shrubs. He did allow some monuments to be constructed or kept, but only those that met certain specifications (typically those with a Gothic appearance). After redesigning the layout of Spring Grove Cemetery, which had been rundown and filled with swampland, the cemetery was transformed into an area of scenic lakes and clusters of trees and bushes. The project earned Strauch praise in the U.S. and abroad, including from Frederick Law Olmsted and the French landscape architect Edouard André. Other cemeteries, like Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis, Indiana, modelled their landscaping concept after Spring Grove.
# Adesmus pilatus

Adesmus pilatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2005. It is known from Panama and Costa Rica.
# Adesmus pluricostatus

Adesmus pluricostatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1881. It is known from Guatemala.
# Borse Dubai

Borse Dubai is a stock exchange in the United Arab Emirates.
It is the holding company for Dubai Financial Market (DFM) and NASDAQ Dubai (formerly known as DIFX). Borse Dubai was created 6 August 2007 to consolidate the Government of Dubai's two stock exchanges as well as current investments in other exchanges, expanding Dubai's position as a global capital market hub.
Borse Dubai's growth mandate is extracted from the 2015 Dubai Strategic Plan which has defined financial services and capital markets as a key focus area to support the development and growth of regional capital markets to the highest international standards. This is complemented with Dubai's strong heritage of building global leaders in selected industries.
In September 2007, Borse Dubai secured 28% of London Stock Exchange Group as part of a wider deal with the US-based Nasdaq, Inc. designed to settle their long-running battle for control of the Stockholm-based exchange and telecommunications operator OMX. However, the move enraged the Qatar Investment Authority, which believed it was close to clinching a deal to buy much of the LSE stake for itself. Following completion of the Nasdaq OMX deal, Borse Dubai's holding of Nasdaq's common stock is 18.1%. It has obtained a license from the U.S. Congress to do so, as well as being approved by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
# Boris Fiallos

Boris Santiago Fiallos Tirado (born 16 March 1974) is an Ecuadorian football manager and former player who played as a defender.

## Playing career

Born in Ambato, Fiallos played for hometown side Macará in the Serie A, suffering relegation in 2002. In the following year, he moved to Tungurahua [es] of the Segunda Categoría, winning the title with the club in 2004. He was forced to retire in 2005 due to a knee injury.

## Managerial career

After retiring, Fiallos returned to Macará to become a manager of the youth categories. On 30 June 2010, he became an interim manager of the first team, after the dismissal of Carlos Sevilla.
Fiallos' spell in charge of Macará lasted one match (a 3–1 loss to LDU Quito) before the appointment of Víctor Riggio as manager. He later became a youth coach at cross-town rivals Técnico Universitario, being also an interim manager of the main squad in June 2012.
On 7 September 2015, Fiallos was named manager of Técnico Universitario until the end of the year, after the sacking of Óscar del Solar. In January 2016, he returned to Macará and joined Paúl Vélez's staff as an assistant.
Fiallos continued to work as an assistant of Macará in the following years, and was named manager of the club on 10 April 2023, replacing Marcelo Robledo. He led the club to the Serie B title at the end of the season, but left on a mutual agreement on 30 October.

## Honours

Tungurahua
* Segunda Categoría: 2004
Macará
* Ecuadorian Serie B: 2023
# Bovistella

Bovistella is a genus of puffball fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus was circumscribed by mycologist Andrew Price Morgan in 1892.

## Species

As of January 2016, the nomenclatural authority Index Fungorum accepts 20 species in Bovistella:
* Bovistella alpina D.A.Reid 1969
* Bovistella ammophila (Lév.) Lloyd 1902
* Bovistella atrobrunnea Zeller 1948
* Bovistella australiana Lloyd 1905
* Bovistella conspurcata (Berk. & Broome) Petch 1919
* Bovistella davisii Lloyd 1906
* Bovistella dominicensis Lloyd 1906
* Bovistella floridensis Peck 1909
* Bovistella glabrescens Lloyd 1906
* Bovistella henningsii Lloyd 1906
* Bovistella humidicola Bowerman 1962
* Bovistella japonica Lloyd 1906
* Bovistella longipedicellata Teng 1932
* Bovistella melanospora Kreisel 1993
* Bovistella nigrica Lloyd 1922
* Bovistella poeltii Kreisel 1969
* Bovistella reticulata Sosin 1959
* Bovistella rosea Lloyd 1906
* Bovistella sinensis Lloyd 1923
* Bovistella verrucosa G.Cunn. 1925
# Adrapsa ablualis

Adrapsa ablualis is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae that can be found in Queensland in Australia and in Southeast Asia. It was first described by Francis Walker in 1859.

## Description

The wingspan of the male is 32 mm and the female is 36 mm. Male with a tuft of long hair from the base of second joint of palpi. Antennae of male with uniseriate pectinations. Antemedial and postmedial lines of forewings and sinuous submarginal line are white, where the first two are straighter. There is a white speck found at center and spot at end of cell. Hindwings with white base. Ventral side with basal area of both wings speckled with white.
# Brachyopa bimaculosa

Brachyopa bimaculosa is a European species of hoverflies.

## Distribution

Germany, Greece, Slovenia.
# Billroda

Billroda is a village and a former municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2009, it is part of the Finne municipality.
* This Burgenlandkreis location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Euzophera umbrosella

Euzophera umbrosella is a species of snout moth in the genus Euzophera. It was described by Staudinger in 1879. It is found in Greece, Crete and Cyprus, as well as Turkey and Iran.
The wingspan is 17–19 mm.
# Fond du Lac 231

Fond du Lac 231 is an Indian reserve of the Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan.
# F. W. Porter

Frederick William Porter (19 October 1821 - 17 November 1901) was a British/Irish architect.
Frederick William Porter was born in Rathmines, Dublin, on 19 October 1821, the second son of William Edward Porter (1783-1859) and his wife Anne (née Coultate).
Porter was a pupil of Lewis Vulliamy.
In 1865, he designed the Union Bank of London branch at 95 Chancery Lane and 61 Carey Street, which was featured in the architectural journal, The Builder. He also designed the bank's branch at 66 Trafalgar Square, completed in 1871.
In 1875, St James' Church, Islington, designed by Porter, was opened.

## Personal life

His son Horace Porter (1861-1918) was also an architect. His daughter Bertha Porter was a biographer and bibliographer.
# 2012 Jade Solid Gold Awards

The 2012 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation (Chinese: 2012年度十大勁歌金曲頒獎典禮) was held on January 13, 2013. It is part of the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation series.

## Top 10 song awards

The top 10 songs (十大勁歌金曲) of 2012 are as follows.
| Song name in Chinese | Artist |
| "What Have You Done" | G.E.M. |
| "重新長大" | Alfred Hui |
| "白頭到老" | Charlene Choi |
| "幼稚完" | Raymond Lam |
| "一首歌" | Terence Siufay |
| "牆紙" | Joey Yung |
| "預防針" | Linda Chung |
| "樹藤" | Mag Lam |
| "失戀哲理" | Jade Kwan |
| "留白" | Ivana Wong |

## Additional awards

| Award | Song (if available for award) | Recipient |
| The most popular group (最受歡迎組合獎) | - | (gold) RubberBand |
| - | - | (silver) C AllStar |
| - | - | (bronze) Sugar Club |
| The best newcomer artist (最受歡迎新人（男）獎) | - | (gold) Hubert Wu |
| - | - | (silver) Jay Fung |
| - | - | (bronze) Adason Lo |
| The best newcomer artist (最受歡迎新人（女）獎) | - | (gold) Sita Chan |
| - | - | (silver) Super Girls |
| - | - | (bronze) Rainky Wai |
| Outstanding Performance award (傑出表現獎) | - | (gold) Joyce Cheng |
| - | - | (silver) Hanjin Tan |
| - | - | (bronze) Gin Lee |
| Newcomer impact award (新人薦場飆星獎) | - | Fala Chen |
| The most popular commercial song (最受歡迎廣告歌曲獎) | "途經北海道" | Joey Yung |
| The most popular duet song (最受歡迎合唱歌曲獎) | "生命之花" | (gold) Louis Cheung & Ivana Wong |
| - | "追風箏的風箏" | (silver) Joey Yung & Mag Lam |
| - | "犯眾憎" | (bronze) Jason Chung & Karene Mak |
| Best Songwriter singer award (最受歡迎唱作歌星) | - | (gold) Endy Chow |
| - | - | (silver) G.E.M. |
| - | - | (bronze) RubberBand |
| Best Mandarin Song award (最受歡迎華語歌曲獎) | "霧裡看花" | (gold) Joey Yung |
| - | "戰利品" | (silver) Lollipop F |
| - | "頑石點頭" | (bronze) Raymond Lam |
| Best Revision Song Award (最受歡迎改編歌曲獎) | "面具" | Alfred Hui |
| The best compositions (最佳作曲) | "幼稚完" | Tang Chi Wai |
| The best lyrics (最佳填詞) | "頑石" | Albert Leung |
| The best music arrangement (最佳編曲) | "告別我的戀人們" | Chan Fai-young |
| The best song producer (最佳歌曲監製) | "預防針" | Johnny Yim |
| Asian Pacific most popular Hong Kong male artist (亞太區最受歡迎香港男歌星獎) | - | Lollipop F |
| Asian Pacific most popular Hong Kong female artist (亞太區最受歡迎香港女歌星獎) | - | Twins |
| The most popular male artist (最受歡迎男歌星) | - | Raymond Lam |
| The most popular female artist (最受歡迎女歌星) | - | Joey Yung |
| Gold song gold award (金曲金獎) | "留白" | Ivana Wong |
# Abhijit Roy (politician)

Abhijit Roy is an Indian politician from All India Trinamool Congress. In May 2016, he was elected as the member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Mayureswar (Vidhan Sabha constituency). He won the election.
# Bryan House (Doyline, Louisiana)

The Bryan House near Doyline, Louisiana was built in about 1835. It has also been known as Plant House and as Ranch Azalee. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
It was built originally as a one-and-a-half-story log dogtrot structure. It was expanded 10 or 20 years later and included vernacular Federal and Greek Revival details.
The home was destroyed by fire on April 7, 2021. It is suspected that lightning caused the fire.
# Food Ethics (journal)

Food Ethics: A Journal of the Societies for Agricultural and Food Ethics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media that was established in 2016. It is linked to the European Society for Agricultural and Food Ethics and the Asian-Pacific Society for Agricultural and Food Ethics. The journal covers a range of academic disciplines addressing food ethics. The editor-in-chief is Matthias Kaiser.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed by CAB Abstracts, EBSCO databases, the Philosopher's Index, ProQuest databases, and Scopus.
# 2017 OO1

2017 OO$_1$ is a small asteroid, classified as near-Earth object of the Aten group, approximately 35–76 meters (115–249 feet) in diameter. It was first observed on 23 July 2017, by the robotic ATLAS survey at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, two days after the object had approached Earth at 0.33 lunar distances on 21 July 2017.

## Orbit and classification

2017 OO$_1$ is a member of the Aten asteroid, a subgroup of near-Earth objects that are located in the zone of influence of Venus. Atens are a much smaller group than the Apollo and Amor asteroids.
The object has an exceptionally low minimum orbital intersection distance with Earth of 29,650 kilometers or 0.077 lunar distances (LD). It orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.77–1.02 AU once every 10 months (309 days; semi-major axis of 0.89 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 20° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with an observation made by the space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer on 22 July 2017, one day after its close flyby and a day before its official first observation.

## Close approaches

On 21 July 2017, at 03:32 UT, it flew past Earth at a nominal distance of 127,500 kilometers (0.33 LD) with a relative velocity of 10.36 km/s. All future encounters with Earth will occur at a significantly larger distance.

## Physical characteristics

Based on a generic magnitude-to-diameter conversion, 2017 OO$_1$ measures between 35–76 meters (115–249 feet) in diameter, for an absolute magnitude of 24.5, and an assumed albedo between 0.05 and 0.24, which represent typical values for carbonaceous and stony asteroids, respectively. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.

## Numbering and naming

This minor planet has neither been numbered nor named by the Minor Planet Center.