OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charlie Clements (physician)

Charlie Clements is a retired American physician and a human rights activist. He served as the executive director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University from 2010 to 2016. From 2003 to 2010, Dr. Clements served as president and CEO of the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee, and before that he was the president of Physicians for Human Rights.
Dr. Clements wrote Witness to War, which was published in 1983 and became the subject of a 1985 Academy Award-winning short documentary of the same name. This book chronicles his experience as a distinguished graduate of the Air Force Academy who had flown more than 50 missions in the Vietnam War. Nine months into duty he decided the war was immoral and refused to fly missions in support of the invasion of Cambodia. The Air Force responded by committing him to a psychiatric hospital; he was subsequently declared to have a 10% mental disability and discharged.
Afterwards, Clements entered medical school and came to realize that exploitation, poverty, and injustice were often the origin of illness and injury. Later, as a newly trained physician, he heard the U.S. was sending military aid to the Salvadoran government, a dictatorship whose U.S.-trained death squads had not only murdered and displaced hundreds of Salvadoran citizens, but in Dec 1980 had raped and executed four U.S. Catholic women missioners with only a brief subsequent withdrawal of American aid. Fearing a situation similar to what he'd witnessed in Vietnam, he chose to work in the midst of El Salvador's civil war in an area controlled by the Salvadoran guerrilla resistance group, FMLN. There, the villages he served were bombed, rocketed, or strafed by some of the same aircraft in which he had previously trained.
Upon returning to the U.S., Clements testified in Congress and spoke across the country against the brutality of the U.S. military's actions in El Salvador, led congressional delegations to the region, and raised millions of dollars for humanitarian aid. At the conclusion of the civil war in 1992, he was invited as a special guest to the signing of the Peace Accords in Mexico City and in 2009 to the inauguration of the first FMLN president in El Salvador, Mauricio Funes. In 1997 Clements represented Physicians for Human Rights in the signing of the treaty to ban landmines and later at the Nobel Prize ceremony for the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. Reawakened to the deception of the U.S. government by an emergency human rights mission to Iraq in 2003, Clements once again began his full-time human rights work as president and CEO of the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. He went on to direct the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He is currently the Clinical Coordinator for the Physician Assistant program at Touro University California in Vallejo, California.
# Aarti Lohia

Aarti Lohia is an Indian-born international art collector, art patron, and philanthropist. Recognized by the American magazine ARTnews as one of the world’s top 200 collectors, she gained prominence for her contributions to the arts and her philanthropic efforts in various sectors.
Lohia holds key positions within philanthropic organizations, including as Chairperson of the SP Lohia Foundation and Indorama Charitable Trust. Since 2015, she has been the lead donor, supporting the building of the India Foundation for the Arts Archive, The IFA Archive, based in Bangalore, India. Additionally, Lohia serves on several prestigious international councils and committees, such as the Victoria & Albert Museum's International Council, the South Asian Acquisitions Committee at Tate Modern, the Serpentine Gallery's International Council, the British Fashion Council Foundation, and MOMA's David Rockefeller Council. She also serves as the Trustee of The South London Gallery. She is recognized as a valuable member of the National Gallery's Modern and Contemporary Programme's Advisory Panel, holding the position of Leading Philanthropic Partner.
# Biathlon World Championships 1983

The 20th Biathlon World Championships were held in 1983 for the second time in Antholz-Anterselva, Italy.

## Men's results
### 20 km individual

| Name | Nation | Penalties | Result |
| Frank Ullrich | GDR | 1 | 1:05:00.9 |
| Frank-Peter Roetsch | GDR | 1 | 1:05:17.8 |
| Peter Angerer | FRG | 2 | 1:06:57.3 |

### 10 km sprint

| Name | Nation | Penalties | Result |
| Eirik Kvalfoss | NOR | 2 | 31:12.3 |
| Peter Angerer | FRG | 0 | 31:31.2 |
| Alfred Eder | AUT | 0 | 31:45.5 |

### 4 × 7.5 km relay

| Name | Nation |
| Soviet Union Algimantas Šalna Juri Kashkarov Petr Miloradov Sergei Bulygin | URS |
| East Germany Frank Ullrich Mathias Jung Matthias Jacob Frank-Peter Roetsch | GDR |
| Norway Kjell Søbak Eirik Kvalfoss Odd Lirhus Øivind Nerhagen | NOR |

## Medal table

| Place | Nation | | | | Total |
| 1 | East Germany | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | Norway | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | Soviet Union | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | West Germany | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Austria | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
# Aashish Lama

Aashish Lama (born 1 December 1996) is a Nepali footballer who plays as a forward for Nepali club Butwal Lumbini and the Nepal national team.
# Biathlon at the 2019 Winter Universiade

Biathlon at the 2019 Winter Universiade was held at the Biathlon Academy in Krasnoyarsk from 4 to 10 March 2019.

## Men's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 20 km individual details | Nikita Porshnev | 52:16.9 (0+2+0+0) | Eduard Latypov | 52:22.4 (1+1+0+0) | Félix Cottet-Puinel | 52:38.4 (0+0+0+0) |
| 10 km sprint details | Eduard Latypov | 25:01.2 (1+1) | Dmitrii Ivanov | 25:09.9 (0+0) | Nikita Porshnev | 25:11.5 (1+0) |
| 12.5 km pursuit details | Dmitrii Ivanov | 34:10.7 (0+0+0+0) | Nikita Porshnev | 34:24.9 (0+0+1+1) | Eduard Latypov | 35:17.0 (1+2+2+0) |
| 15 km mass start details | Espen Uldal | 40:18.7 (0+0+1+1) | Maksim Varabei | 40:54.1 (0+1+0+2) | Adam Václavík | 41:15.2 (1+3+0+0) |

## Women's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 15 km individual details | Natalia Gerbulova | 46:10.6 (0+1+1+1) | Ekaterina Moshkova | 47:15.9 (1+1+2+0) | Elena Chirkova | 47:24.5 (0+0+1+1) |
| 7.5 km sprint details | Ekaterina Moshkova | 22:59.4 (0+2) | Irina Kazakevich | 23:02.3 (1+2) | Tamara Voronina | 23:24.1 (1+1) |
| 10 km pursuit details | Ekaterina Moshkova | 32:59.1 (1+1+1+0) | Irina Kazakevich | 33:16.5 (1+0+1+1) | Tamara Voronina | 34:04.4 (0+0+2+1) |
| 12.5 km mass start details | Ekaterina Moshkova | 42:05.7 (0+1+1+1) | Elizaveta Kaplina | 42:09.7 (0+0+2+0) | Elena Chirkova | 43:09.9 (1+1+0+1) |

## Mixed Relay

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Single mixed relay details | Russia Valeria Vasnetsova Aleksandr Dediukhin Valeria Vasnetsova Aleksandr Dediukhin | 42:53.4 (1+3) (0+1) (0+1) (2+3) (1+3) (0+3) (0+2) (0+1) | Czech Republic Natálie Jurčová David Tolar Natálie Jurčová David Tolar | 42:59.9 (0+2) (0+3) (0+1) (1+3) (0+3) (0+2) (0+0) (0+3) | France Marine Challamel Félix Cottet-Puinel Marine Challamel Félix Cottet-Puinel | 43:45.2 (0+0) (2+3) (0+0) (0+0) (1+3) (2+3) (0+0) (0+1) |

## Medal table

* Host nation (Russia)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Russia* | 8 | 7 | 6 | 21 |
| 2 | Norway | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Czech Republic | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Belarus | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | France | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 27 |
# Bharathan (disambiguation)

Bharathan (1947–1998) was an Indian filmmaker, artist, and art director.
Bharathan may also refer to:
* Bharathan (Tamil director), Indian filmmaker and writer
* Bharathan (1992 film), Tamil film starring Vijayakanth and Bhanupriya
* Bharathan Effect, 2007 Malayalam film starring Biju Menon and Geethu Mohandas
# Abalienatio

Abalienatio, in Roman law, is a legal transfer of property by sale or other alienation. According to Cicero, abalienatio est ejus rei, quae mancipi est, aut traditio alteri nexu aut in jure cessio, inter quos ea jure civili fieri possunt. Cicero defines abalienatio to be ejus rei quae mancipi est; and this is effected either by traditio alteri nexu aut in jure cessio inter quos ea jure civili fieri possunt. According to this definition, abalienatio is of a res mancipi, a class of things determinate; and the mode of transfer is either by traditio nexu or by in jure cessio.
# Abarth 500

Abarth 500 may refer to the following variants of the Fiat 500:
* Abarth 695 SS – produced from 1964 to 1971
* Fiat Cinquecento Abarth – based on the Fiat Cinquecento (500 in Italian) from 1991
* Abarth 500 (2008) – produced from 2008 on
* Abarth 500 (2023) – to be produced from 2023
# Betty Taoutel

Betty Taoutel is a Lebanese actress, born in Beirut, playwright, and director in the theatre, on film, and in television.

## Career

Taoutel wrote and directed numerous plays such as The Last House in Gemmayzé, Passport No. 10452, Crime Scene, and The Wednesday in the Middle of the Week. Her play, The Wednesday in the Middle of the Week, which was inspired by one of the most important social events in Lebanese society, the wedding, ran for several weeks in the Théâtre Monnot in Beirut.
Her play, Passport No. 10452, was presented in Arabic and French in 2013 as part of the Arab World Festival of Montreal and played in Lebanon, Greece, and South Africa.
Taoutel has starred in several Lebanese films, including Sophie Boutros' Solitare, which premiered at the Dubai International Film Festival. In 2022, she starred in Lara Saba's All Roads Lead To Rome, which had its world premiere at the Red Sea International Film Festival. In 2023, she starred in Mira Shaib's Arzé which was selected to premiere in the Main Competition of the Cairo International Film Festival.
On television, she became a household name when she became member of the jury on the LBCI pan-Arab hit, Star Academy.
She has also served on several festival juries, including the 41st edition of the Cairo International Film Festival in 2019.
# Abbeville (disambiguation)

Abbeville is a city in northern France.
Abbeville may also refer to:

## Places
### France

* Abbeville-Saint-Lucien, Oise
* Abbéville-la-Rivière, Essonne
* Abbéville-lès-Conflans, Meurthe-et-Moselle

### Ireland

* Abbeville, Dublin, a country house
* Abbeville, County Tipperary (townland), a townland
* Abbeville, Tipperary, a country house

### United States

* Abbeville, Alabama, a city
* Abbeville, Georgia, a city
* Abbeville, Louisiana, a small city
* Abbeville, Mississippi, a town
* Abbeville (Lancaster, Pennsylvania), a historic home
* Abbeville, South Carolina, a city

### United Kingdom

* Abbeville Village, a residential neighbourhood in London
# Bharateswar Temple

Bharateswara Shiva Temple is a 6th-century Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva located in Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, India. The enshrined deity is a Shivalinga within a circular yonipitha (basement). Rituals like Shivratri, is observed here. Located on the left side of the road leading from Kalpana chowk to Lingaraja temple and just opposite to the Ramesvara temple. The temple has a rekha vimana of early Kalingan order. It is one of the earliest existing temple of Odisha.

## History

The temple was constructed in the later half of 6th century CE during the Sailodbhava rule. The Odisha State Archaeology has renovated parts of the temple.

## Architecture

The temple is constructed in the rekha vimana of early Kalingan order architecture style using sandstone. The sandstones are carved with very ancient design by the workers. it is said that Bharath who is one of the younger brother of Rama worshipped Shivalinga here and The entrance of the temple is very short that hardly people can enter straight. The entrance were short as it was believed that the devotees should lean down against God.On the basis of architectural scheme and an inscription in the lintel of Laxmanesvara temple, which is adjacent to it, the temple can be assigned to 6th century AD. The temple is triratha on plan and triangabada in elevation (the outer wall divided into three sections).
# Abasallı

39°26′N 49°05′E﻿ / ﻿39.433°N 49.083°E﻿ / 39.433; 49.083
Abasallı (also, Abbasally and Abas-Ali) is a village in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Tatarməhlə.
# Aavik

Aavik is an Estonian and Norwegian surname. In Estonian Aavik is a variation of Haavik, meaning "aspen forest". Notable people with the surname include:
* Arvi Aavik (born 1969), Estonian wrestler
* Asbjørn Aavik (1902–1997), Norwegian Lutheran missionary
* Edgar Eduard Aavik (1913–1998), Estonian-Australian sculptor, member of Six Directions
* Evald Aavik (born 1941), Estonian actor
* Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), Estonian philologist
* Juhan Aavik (1884–1982), Estonian composer
* Priidu Aavik (1905–1991), Estonian painter
* Priit Aavik (born 1994), Estonian swimmer
# Bibractella

Bibractella is a monotypic genus of grasshoppers in the subfamily Catantopinae and tribe Gereniini.
The single species Bibractella sugonjaevi has only been recorded from Vietnam to date.
# Bibrax

49°30′N 3°49′E﻿ / ﻿49.5°N 3.82°E﻿ / 49.5; 3.82
Bibrax is a Gallic oppidum (fortified settlement). Its position has long been debated, but the oppidum is now almost certainly identified with the site of Saint-Thomas (Aisne).

## History

The oppidum, occupied by the Remi and their leader Iccius, was besieged by the Belgae armies during the Battle of the Axona (57 BC). Julius Caesar rescued his allied people, the Remi, by sending Numidian, Cretan and Balearic soldiers to the stronghold.
# Biblioteca Passerini-Landi

The Biblioteca Passerini-Landi is the main library of the comune of Piacenza, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
A Royal Library was established in 1774 by Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, and sited at the former home of the Jesuit Seminary of San Pietro. In 1768, the Jesuit order had been expelled from the Duchy, and their collections had been confiscated. The library was placed under the guidance of the priest Cristoforo Poggiali and began functions by 1778. In 1791, the library was joined with the Biblioteca Passerini, established by Count Pier Francesco Passerini and owned by the Collegio of Theologians, and their collections were moved to San Pietro. The library was secularized during the Napoleonic administration. In 1878, the library acquired its present name to commemorate the donation, earlier in the century, of his library by Marchese Ferdinando Landi.
The library was expanded with duplicates from the library of Parma and the contents of the Libreria Cardani of Modena. In 1799, the collection gained books from the suppression of the Augustinian monastery. In the early 19th century, Giuseppe Poggi donated his collection, including the 9th-century psalter of the empress Ermengarde of Hesbaye. The Pallastrelli endowment included troves of documents of local history. The Landi endowment includes a 1336 manuscript of the Divine Comedy.
# Biblioteca Roncioniana

The Biblioteca Roncioniana is a public library, founded in 1726, and located on Piazza San Francesco #27 in the historic center of Prato, region of Tuscany, Italy. The library stands across the park from the church of San Francesco.

## History

The library was founded and endowed by the will of the aristocrat Marco di Emilio Roncioni (1600 - 1677). The library was provisionally open in 1722, but only since 1766 has it been hosted in a portion of the Palazzo Roncioni, located in the historic center of Prato.
The palace was built 1751-1766 likely on the original design by Antonio Saller, but modified later by Francesco Arrighi and Stefano di Rigo, who brought it to completion. The entrance atrium has a 15th-century terracotta images of the Arcangel Raphael and Tobias by the studio of Andrea della Robbia. The entrance has frescoed panels with trompe-l'œil architecture. The ceiling of main reading room was frescoed (1789) by Luigi Catani and depicts Sloth and Wisdom (images after works of Pietro da Cortona). On the wall are two mappamondi (world maps) based on the 16th century work of Mercator (by Gerard Kremer, 1512–1594).
To the original donation of Roncioni, additional collections have been added over the centuries, including in 1727, the collections of Bernardino Piazzini and by the canon Giovan Battista Casotti in 1737. In the 19th century, the library acquired the collection of the lawyer Giovacchino Benini and Adele Guerrazzi Mazzoni, and additionally it acquired some of the libraries from suppressed monasteries in Prato. Other donations were provided by Cesare Guasti, monsignor Ferdinando Baldanzi, monsignor Giovacchino Limberti, monsignor Giovanni Pierallini, canon Luigi Sacchi, and canon Giovacchino Pelagatti.
In 2022, the collection included 39 books from the 15th-century; 1638 volumes from the 16th-century; 2268 volumes from the 17th-century, and 50,527 volumes and journasl from subsequent periods.
# Abdul Nizam Abdul Hamid

Abdul Nizam Abdul Hamid (1966–2016), also known as Abdul Nizam, was an independent filmmaker, musician and vocalist from Singapore.

## Life

He attended Anglo-Chinese School where he played football for the school team. He also played in pioneering home-grown indie bands The NoNames and The Oddfellows, and studied film and media at Ngee Ann Polytechnic.
For his final year project at Ngee Ann Polytechnic, he produced an art-house short called Datura. Datura explores what it meant to be Malay and Muslim in a modern society, and subsequently won the prize for Best Short Film at the 1999 Singapore International Film Festival (SGIFF) and third place at the International Film and TV Schools' Festival.
Abdul Nizam was also known for directing films like Keronchong For Pak Bakar (2008), a thought-provoking documentary on the cinematographer Pak Bakar, and Breaking the Ice (2014), which explores the boundaries between film and performance, the nature of art versus life, and the question of what it means to be an artist.
When he died in 2016 due to cancer, SGIFF paid tribute to him for "the instrumental role he played in the resurgence of Singapore cinema in the late 1990s". Then SGIFF Programme Director Zhang Wenjie remarked Abdul Nizam as "a filmmaker who never stopped searching for the truth and essence of our humanity in all his work".
# Big Cub Geyser

Big Cub Geyser is a geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States.
Big Cub is part of the Lion's Group of geysers, a cluster of geysers that all share an underground connection. The other geysers in this group are Lion Geyser, Lioness Geyser, and Little Cub Geyser.
# Abergele, Amhara

Abergele (Amharic: አበርገሌ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. The capital and main town of the woreda is Nirak. Part of the Wag Hemra Zone, Abergele is bordered on the south by Zikuala, on the southwest by Sehala, on the northwest by the Semien (North) Gondar Zone, on the north and east by the Tigray Region, and on the southeast by Soqota. Abergele was separated from the Soqota administrative division.
The district should not be confounded with the neighbouring Abergele (woreda) in Tigray region.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 43,191, of whom 21,976 are men and 21,215 women; none are urban inhabitants. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 99.93% reporting that as their religion.
# Abbey of St Victor

Abbey of St Victor may refer to:
* Abbey of St Victor, Marseille
* Abbey of Saint-Victor, Paris
* abbey and namesake of Saint-Victor-l'Abbaye
# Bila Nawab

Bila Nawab is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 6 km from Nakodar, 31 km from Kapurthala, 30 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 161 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

## Transport

Nakodar railway station is the nearest train station however, Phagwara Junction train station is 39 km away from the village. The village is 69 km away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 111 km away in Amritsar.
# Abietinella (plant)

Abietinella (plant) is a genus of moss belonging to the family Thuidiaceae.
The genus was first described by Johann Karl August Müller.
Species:
* Abietinella abietina (Hedw.) M.Fleisch.
** Abietinella abietina var. abietina (Hedw.) M.Fleisch.
* Abietinella brandisii (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
* Abietinella hystricosa (Mitt.) Broth.
# Bill Handson

Bill Handson (born 3 December 1954) is a Canadian rugby union player. He played in nine matches for the Canada national rugby union team from 1985 to 1987, including three matches at the 1987 Rugby World Cup.
# Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani

Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani, synonym Abies bornmuelleriana, the Turkish fir is a rare, coniferous evergreen tree native to northwest Turkey. Another common name is Uludağ fir. It is a subspecies of Abies nordmanniana. It has also been considered to be a natural hybrid between Caucasian fir (Abies nordmanniana) and Grecian fir (Abies cephalonica).
On the back of its foliage, the Turkish fir has a silvery hue, exposed as a result of the upward growth habit of its needles. This characteristic makes the tree, along with its pleasant fragrance, a common ornamental.
Turkish fir is typically a narrow and conical tree, with a mature height of 20 to 30 meters (60 to 100 feet), and growing 1.8 to 4 meters (6 to 28 feet) wide. It has dense, dark green upswept needles 2.5 to 3 cm (1 to 1.2 inches) long. Seed cones are purplish-brown and 10 to 14.5 cm (4 to 5.8 inches) long.
Its native range is in northwestern Turkey, including the western Pontic Mountains south of the Black Sea, and Uludağ and other mountains southeast of the Sea of Marmara.
# Cernia

Cernia is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae. Its only species, Cernia amyclaria, is found in Australia. Both the genus and species were described by Francis Walker in 1860.
# Agadu

Agadu is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by S. Suresh Kumar. John Vijay, Siddharth Kumaran and Sriram Karthik appear in the lead roles. Produced by Vidiyal Raju, it was released on 22 October 2021.

## Cast

* John Vijay
* Siddharth Kumaran
* Sriram Karthik
* Anjali Nair
* Vijay Anand

## Production

The film was shot within a month in Kodaikanal.

## Release

The film was released on 22 October 2021 across theatres in Tamil Nadu. Maalai Malar's critic gave the film a positive review, citing it was "interesting". New Cinema Express gave the film a middling review, rating it 2.5 out of 5. A critic from News Today wrote "Agadu joins the list of crime thrillers in Tamil cinema that is engaging in part", while a reviewer from Chennaivision noted "overall, the movie keeps the audience engaged".