OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexandra Recreation Ground

The Alexandra Recreation Ground, also known as Nantwich Road, was a multi-sport venue in Crewe in England. Opened in 1877, it was the home ground of Crewe Alexandra for 19 years, and also hosted an FA Cup semi-final and the 1886-87 Welsh Cup final, both in 1887, and an England home match in 1888.

## History

The ground was opened in 1877 as the Royal Hotel Recreation Ground, and was used for athletics, cricket, cycle racing and football. An oval ground, it had a stand around 100 feet long on the western side and banking around the remainder of the pitch. To open the ground, Crewe Alexandra cricket club (established in September 1866 by employees of Crewe locomotive works, and named after Princess Alexandra; the related Crewe Alexandra Athletic Club was founded in 1867) hosted an athletics festival, which raised £75 and subsequently became a prominent meeting in the Northern athletics calendar. In August 1877, the cricket club formed a football division.
In July 1878, the ground hosted a cricket match between a team from Crewe and an Australia XI, during the inaugural first-class tour of England by a representative overseas side. The visitors won by 99 runs.
In the 1886–87 season the ground was the venue of the FA Cup semi-final between Aston Villa and Rangers, with the attendance of 7,000 probably being the ground record. On 16 April 1887 the ground was used for the Welsh Cup final between Chirk and Davenham. An attendance of 1,500 witnessed Chirk win 2–1. On 4 February 1888 the ground hosted the opening match of the 1887–88 British Home Championship, which saw England beat Wales 5–1.
In 1891, the Crewe Alexandra football club split away from the cricket club, becoming founder members of the Football League Second Division in 1892; the first Football League match played at the ground was on 10 September 1892 when Crewe defeated Grimsby Town 1–0 in front of 2,000 spectators. The last match at the ground was played on 28 March 1896, with Liverpool's 7–0 win on the day also being Crewe's record home defeat at the ground. However, it was not Crewe's last home league match of the season, which was played at the Vicarage in the nearby town of Sandbach. Crewe were voted out of the Football League at the end of the 1895–96 season, and subsequently played at several different grounds (including Edleston Road and Old Sheds Field) until returning to the area to play at the original football ground east of Gresty Road in 1897.
The Alexandra Recreation Ground closed in 1898 to provide land for the expansion of the neighbouring railway station. It is now the site of the Rail House office building, a car park and part of the modern Gresty Road stadium. With support from prominent local railway engineer Francis Webb, a new cricket ground, encircled by a cycling and athletics track, was provided in a new stadium to the north, off Earle Street, in 1898. The new venue was also later used for speedway racing by Crewe Kings. Crewe Alexandra moved to its modern-day location, immediately adjacent to Gresty Road, in 1906.
# Butts Lane Halt railway station

Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction railway :
Legend :
This diagram: viewtalkedit :
Butts Lane Halt was a railway station in the Blowick suburb of Southport, Merseyside.

## History

The station opened on 18 December 1909 as a halt on the Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway, and consisted of simple cinder based platforms at track level, situated on an embankment to the south of Butts Lane bridge.
The station closed on 26 September 1938, though the line remains open and is today used by trains on the Northern Manchester to Southport Line.
# Alfonso Bermyn

Alfonso Bermyn (simplified Chinese: 闵玉清; traditional Chinese: 閔玉清; pinyin: Mǐn Yùqīng; 3 January 1853 – 16 February 1915) was a Belgian Catholic priest, missionary, and Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Suiyuan between 1901 and 1915.

## Biography

Alfonso Bermyn was born in St. Paul de Waes, Belgium, on 3 January 1853. He was ordained a priest on 10 June 1876. He joined the CICM Missionaries on 4 March 1878. He went to Mongolia to preach in the same year. In April 1901, the Holy See appointed him as Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Suiyuan to replace Ferdinand Hamer, who died in the Boxer Rebellion last year. He was consecrated on 26 January 1902.
He died on 16 February 1915, aged 62.
# C21H22N2O4

The molecular formula C$_{21}$H$_{22}$N$_2$O$_4$ may refer to:
* 25N-N1-Nap
* Picralinal
# C21H22O10

The molecular formula C$_{21}$H$_{22}$O$_{10}$ (molar mass: 434.393 g/mol, exact mass: 434.1213 u) may refer to:
* Engeletin
* Prunin
# Bética

Bética was an illustrated cultural magazine which existed between 1913 and 1917. It was headquartered in Seville, Spain.

## History and profile

Bética was launched in Seville in November 1913 as a biweekly magazine. The magazine was affiliated with the Centros Andaluces. Later its frequency was switched to monthly. The magazine covered literary and cultural work and adopted a modernist and art nouveau approach. It also supported regionalism for Andalusia. It folded in 1917.

### Staff and contributors

Félix Sánchez-Blanco was the director of Bética whose deputy was Félix Sánchez-Blanco y Pardo. The poet Felipe Cortines y Murube also served in the magazine. Santiago Martínez y Martín was its chief artistic editor and Javier Lasso de la Vega its chief literary editor. Major contributors included Isidro de las Cagigas, Francisco Rodríguez Marín, Mario Méndez Bejarano, Quintero brothers, Ricardo de León, Salvador Rueda, Gabriel Maura, Armando Palacio Valdés, Francisco Cambó, Joaquín Hazañas, Ángel María Camacho, Joaquín González Verger and Alejandro Guichot.
# Alfredo Intriago

Alfredo Intriago Ortega (born 4 December 1970) is an Ecuadorian international referee who refereed at the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.
# C. Herbert Oliver

C. Herbert Oliver (February 28, 1925 – November 30, 2021) was an American pastor and civil rights activist.
An ordained Orthodox Presbyterian Church minister, Oliver was a graduate of Wheaton College in Illinois and Westminster Theological Seminary.
# Alexgeorgea

Alexgeorgea is a genus of three plant species found in Western Australia belonging to the family Restionaceae named in honour of the botanist Alex George in 1976. The flowers of the female and large nut-like fruit are completely underground except for the stigmas, which extend out of the ground as 3 purple or red threads.

## Botanical history

The genus Alexgeorgea was first discovered by Sherwin Carlquist on 2 September 1974 when he found a population of A. subterranea on the Cockleshell Gully road north of Jurien Bay in Western Australia. At first, Carlquist, an American botanist and professor at Claremont Graduate University doing field work in Western Australia, could only locate male plants of what he immediately identified as a restionaceous species. In order to identify species in the Restionaceae, it is important to gather material of both male and female flowers, so Carlquist continued to search and only then noticed "purple thread-like structures emerging from the sand," which were the ephemeral styles of the mostly subterranean female flowers. In his original description of the new genus in a 1976 volume of the Australian Journal of Botany, Carlquist notes his discovery may have not occurred if he had not seen the female flowers at anthesis due to the short-lived nature of the thread-like styles.
Carlquist originally described two species in the genus, A. subterranea and A. arenicola (the species epithet arenicola means "a dweller on sand"). Ten years later in April 1986, Australian botanists Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson and Barbara G. Briggs, both of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, published a short article in the journal Telopea that recognized a species previously known as Restio nitens as a species better fitting the description of Alexgeorgea. Restio nitens was originally described by Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in 1848 as having above-ground dehiscent fruits, unlike the below-ground flowers and fruit of Alexgeorgea, though Carlquist had noted that R. nitens and his newly described A. arenicola were otherwise identical. Johnson examined the herbarium specimens labeled as R. nitens and discovered that the alleged above ground fruits were actually malformations possibly resulting from smut fungus. Both Johnson & Briggs and Carlquist independently published the new combination, moving the species R. nitens to the genus Alexgeorgea as A. nitens. In Carlquist's proposal, he identified A. arenicola a synonym of the older name A. nitens, which had priority. Johnson and Briggs published their description of A. nitens in the journal Telopea on April 24, preceding Carlquist's publication in the journal Aliso by only 5 days, thus making Carlquist's combination (A. nitens (Nees) Carlquist) an isonym of Johnson and Briggs's combination (A. nitens (Nees) L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs). The third species, A. ganopoda, was described by Johnson and Briggs in 1990.
# Algebraic matroid

In mathematics, an algebraic matroid is a matroid, a combinatorial structure, that expresses an abstraction of the relation of algebraic independence.

## Definition

Given a field extension L/K, Zorn's lemma can be used to show that there always exists a maximal algebraically independent subset of L over K. Further, all the maximal algebraically independent subsets have the same cardinality, known as the transcendence degree of the extension.
For every finite set S of elements of L, the algebraically independent subsets of S satisfy the axioms that define the independent sets of a matroid. In this matroid, the rank of a set of elements is its transcendence degree, and the flat generated by a set T of elements is the intersection of L with the field K[T]. A matroid that can be generated in this way is called algebraic or algebraically representable. No good characterization of algebraic matroids is known, but certain matroids are known to be non-algebraic; the smallest is the Vámos matroid.

## Relation to linear matroids

Many finite matroids may be represented by a matrix over a field K, in which the matroid elements correspond to matrix columns, and a set of elements is independent if the corresponding set of columns is linearly independent. Every matroid with a linear representation of this type over a field F may also be represented as an algebraic matroid over F, by choosing an indeterminate for each row of the matrix, and by using the matrix coefficients within each column to assign each matroid element a linear combination of these transcendentals. For fields of characteristic zero (such as the real numbers) linear and algebraic matroids coincide, but for other fields there may exist algebraic matroids that are not linear; indeed the non-Pappus matroid is algebraic over any finite field, but not linear and not algebraic over any field of characteristic zero. However, if a matroid is algebraic over a field F of characteristic zero then it is linear over F(T) for some finite set of transcendentals T over F and over the algebraic closure of F.

## Closure properties

If a matroid is algebraic over a simple extension F(t) then it is algebraic over F. It follows that the class of algebraic matroids is closed under contraction, and that a matroid algebraic over F is algebraic over the prime field of F.
The class of algebraic matroids is closed under truncation and matroid union. It is not known whether the dual of an algebraic matroid is always algebraic and there is no excluded minor characterisation of the class.

## Characteristic set

The (algebraic) characteristic set K(M) of a matroid M is the set of possible characteristics of fields over which M is algebraically representable.
* If 0 is in K(M) then all sufficiently large primes are in K(M).
* Every prime occurs as the unique characteristic for some matroid.
* If M is algebraic over F then any contraction of M is algebraic over F and hence so is any minor of M.
# Bîrlădeni

Bîrlădeni is a commune in Ocnița District, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Bîrlădeni, Paladea and Rujnița.
# Băiaș

The Băiaș is a left tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It discharges into the Olt in Copăceni. Its length is 19 km (12 mi) and its basin size is 87 km$^2$ (34 sq mi).

## Tributaries

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Băiaș (from source to mouth):
* Left: Grebla, Roșia, Pârâul Șasei, Pârâul Posăzii, Pârâul Starului, Șasa, Călugăreasa, Piatra Acră, Mocirlele
* Right: Râușorul, Frumușița, Dosul, Valea Stogului
# C. A. Nicholson

C. A. Nicholson may refer to:
* Celia Levetus (1874-1936), Canadian-English writer using pen-name C.A. Nicholson
* Sir Charles Nicholson, 2nd Baronet (1867–1949), English architect
# Băișoara mine

The Băișoara mine is a large open pit mine in the north-western of Romania in Cluj County, 60 km south of Cluj-Napoca and 466 km north-west of the capital, Bucharest. Băișoara represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 6 million tonnes of ore. The mine produces around 50,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.
# CNSL

CNSL may refer to:
* Canadian National Soccer League
* Cashew nutshell liquid
# C16H14O6

The molecular formula C$_{16}$H$_{14}$O$_6$ may refer to:
* Blumeatin, a flavanone
* Dihydrokaempferide, a flavanonol
* Haematoxylin, a natural dye
* Hesperetin, a flavanone
* Homoeriodictyol, a flavanone
* Sterubin, a flavanone
* Thunberginol E, an isocoumarin
# C16H14O3

The molecular formula C$_{16}$H$_{14}$O$_3$ (molar mass: 254.28 g/mol, exact mass: 254.094294 u) may refer to:
* Chalepensin
* Dalbergichromene
* Dexketoprofen
* Fenbufen
* Ketoprofen
# Byron, Washington

Byron is an unincorporated community in Yakima County, Washington, United States, located approximately three miles west of Prosser.

## History

The community was founded in 1908 by the Byron Improvement Company. According to local settlers, the community was named after surveyors found a post marked 'Byron', which was sent in 1890 by the Northern Pacific Railway Company.
The railroad's records contain notes stating that Earl Byron, a sheep herder, had a railroad siding for loading sheep onto railroad cars, at the town location in 1881. Byron's post office was open from August 4, 1909, until January 31, 1955.
This is also the home of professional wrestler Byron Saxton.
# Alibali

Alibali is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ferial Alibali (1933–2011), Albanian actress
* Martha W. Alibali, American psychologist
# Alston Arches Viaduct

Alston Arches Viaduct, also known as Haltwhistle Viaduct, is a stone bridge across the River South Tyne at Haltwhistle in Northumberland, England.

## History

The bridge, which has four stone arches, was designed by Sir George Barclay Bruce as a railway bridge.
It formed part of the Alston Line and was completed in March 1851. The railway closed in May 1976 and the bridge was re-opened by the Duke of Gloucester for pedestrian use in July 2006. It is a Grade II listed structure.
# Bursina fijiensis

Bursina fijiensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Bursidae, the frog shells.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 40 mm and 65 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Fiji, Eastern Australia and the Philippines
# Bizcocho (disambiguation)

A bizcocho can refer to a cake, a buttery flaky pastry or a cookie.
Bizcocho may also refer to:

## Food

* Biskotso, Filipino twice-baked bread or cookies
* Biscotti, twice-baked cookie
* Bizcochito, dry cookie flavored with anise, typical of New Mexico

## People

* Francisco Bizcocho (born 1951), Spanish footballer
* Otilio Warrington (born 1944), Puerto Rican actor, popularly known as Bizcocho
# Carditoidea

Carditoidea is a superfamily of marine bivalve clams.

## Families

According to the World Register of Marine Species:
* Carditidae
* Condylocardiidae
* Cardiniidae
Notes:
* Previously in 2010, Condylocardiidae was classified in its own superfamily, Condylocardioidea.
* In the ITIS classification, Cardiniidae is instead classified in Astartoidea.
# Cedric Firth

Cedric Harold Firth (22 May 1908–31 May 1994) was a New Zealand builder, architect and writer. He was born in Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand on 22 May 1908.
From 1948 to 1959 he was in a partnership 'Plishke & Firth' with Ernst Plischke.
# Ferdinando Cazzamalli

Ferdinando Cazzamalli (August 4, 1887 in Crema, Italy – 1958) was an Italian psychiatrist from Crema, Lombardy who was interested in paranormal phenomena.

## Biography

Cazzamalli was the director of a psychiatric hospital in Como, but later became a lecturer in psychiatry at the university of Modena, which employed Cazzamalli for 20 years together with electrical engineer Eugenio Gnesutta to work with psychologically disturbed patients, where they also investigating physical accounts of telepathy.
They created equipment to measure ultra-high-frequency waves to explain the phenomena of telepathy as electromagnetic effects on the brain. Cazzamalli conducted experiments with a radio receiver enclosed in a Faraday cage, and came to the conclusion that there were paranormal phenomena.
In 1937 Cazzamalli founded, together with Giovanni Schepis, Emilio Servadio, and Luigi Sanguineti, the Italian Society of Metaphysics (SIM), the first group in Italy to study paranormal activity full-time. The Italian fascist state recognized this group in 1941. The group was later renamed in 1955 to the Italian Society of Parapsychology. In 1946 the society released its first magazine, called "Metaphysics". Due to political and methodological differences, Cazzamalli left the society in order to create his own group, the Italian Associated Scientists of Metaphysics.
# GPC Sport

Squadra Corse G.P.C. srl, operating as GPC Sport, was an Italian auto racing team founded by Giampaolo Coppi as part of his GPC Group. The team raced with a close connection to Ferrari in various grand touring championships from 2004 to 2008. Coppi, formerly a sponsor and backer of the JB Racing (later JMB Racing) team through his Giesse corporation, decided to go his own direction in 2004 and launch his own racing team in the FIA GT Championship, later expanding to the Italian GT Championship, European Le Mans Series, and International GT Open. GPC Sport also represented Maserati in the FIA GT3 European Championship.

## History

Purchasing two new Ferrari 575 GTCs as well as two Ferrari 360 GTCs, the team employed several former Grand Prix drivers including Emanuele Naspetti and Gianni Morbidelli. Christian Pescatori, Jaime Melo, and Fabrizio De Simone scored class victories with the 360s, while the 575s finished on the overall podium three times, including at the Spa 24 Hours, finishing second in the teams' championship. The operation was expanded for 2005, adding the Italian GT Championship alongside their FIA GT campaign with the 575s, as well as Le Mans Endurance Series and Italian GT for the teams' 360s. The FIA GT campaign earned only a single podium in each class after several retirements, while the Italian GT program had several programs throughout the season.
For 2006 GPC Sport abandoned their 575 program with Ferrari, instead investing in the new Ferrari F430 in the Le Mans Series as well as the new International GT Open series. Two class victories were earned in the Le Mans Series, including the first competition victory for the F430, as well as two overall wins in International GT. GPC also represented Maserati in the new FIA GT3 European Championship with the Maserati Trofeo Light. More victories came in 2007, a lone win in the Le Mans Series as well as two more wins in International GT Open. GPC Sport also had their only entry at the 24 Hours of Le Mans where their Ferrari retired. The team also sampled stock car racing with the Speedcar Series. The team trimmed down to just two entries in International GT in 2008 but were not victorious. Giampaolo Coppi would later go on to managing the Roma Racing Team after GPC Sport went bankrupt in 2008.
# Galgisan

Galgisan (Korean: 갈기산) is a mountain located in Yangpyeong County, Gyeonggi Province, and Hongcheon County, Gangwon Province, South Korea. It has an elevation of 685 m (2,247 ft).
# Carcedo de Bureba

Carcedo de Bureba is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 46 inhabitants.
# Carcedo

Carcedo may refer to:

## People

* Juan Carlos Carcedo, Spanish footballer
* María Luisa Carcedo, Spanish politician

## Places

* Carcedo de Bureba
* Carcedo de Burgos
# Carcegna

Carcegna is a small village located above the eastern shore of Lake Orta, at an altitude of 490m, in the Province of Novara, Piedmont, Italy. Administratively a frazione of the commune of Miasino, it has 260 inhabitants, called Carcegnesi. Its patron saint is Saint Peter, celebrated on 29 June.
Archaeological excavations have brought to light Gaulish, Gallo-Roman and Etruscan remains. In the outskirts of the village there are ruins of a fortification, probably of Lombard origin.
The village is mentioned in the "Liber Cleri" as dependent of the parish church of San Giulio di Orta in 1133.
The current church was built in 1661 over the foundations of the preceding Romanesque one. It has paintings by Luigi Scaramuccia, Giorgio Bonola [it] and Federico Bianchi, and frescos by Luca Rossetti.
45°48′N 8°25′E﻿ / ﻿45.800°N 8.417°E﻿ / 45.800; 8.417
# Caparica e Trafaria

Caparica e Trafaria is a civil parish in the municipality of Almada, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Caparica and Trafaria. The population in 2011 was 26,150, in an area of 16.75 km$^2$.