OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Free ideal ring

In mathematics, especially in the field of ring theory, a (right) free ideal ring, or fir, is a ring in which all right ideals are free modules with unique rank. A ring such that all right ideals with at most n generators are free and have unique rank is called an n-fir. A semifir is a ring in which all finitely generated right ideals are free modules of unique rank. (Thus, a ring is semifir if it is n-fir for all n ≥ 0.) The semifir property is left-right symmetric, but the fir property is not.

## Properties and examples

It turns out that a left and right fir is a domain. Furthermore, a commutative fir is precisely a principal ideal domain, while a commutative semifir is precisely a Bézout domain. These last facts are not generally true for noncommutative rings, however (Cohn 1971).
Every principal right ideal domain R is a right fir, since every nonzero principal right ideal of a domain is isomorphic to R. In the same way, a right Bézout domain is a semifir.
Since all right ideals of a right fir are free, they are projective. So, any right fir is a right hereditary ring, and likewise a right semifir is a right semihereditary ring. Because projective modules over local rings are free, and because local rings have invariant basis number, it follows that a local, right hereditary ring is a right fir, and a local, right semihereditary ring is a right semifir.
Unlike a principal right ideal domain, a right fir is not necessarily right Noetherian, however in the commutative case, R is a Dedekind domain since it is a hereditary domain, and so is necessarily Noetherian.
Another important and motivating example of a free ideal ring are the free associative (unital) k-algebras for division rings k, also called non-commutative polynomial rings (Cohn 2000, §5.4).
Semifirs have invariant basis number and every semifir is a Sylvester domain.
# French protectorate

French protectorate may refer to:
* The French protectorate of Cambodia
* The French protectorate of Laos
* The French protectorate in Morocco
* The French protectorate of Tunisia
* The Annam (French protectorate)
* The Tonkin (French protectorate)
* The Malagasy Protectorate
* The Saar Protectorate
# Frieleiidae

Frieleiidae is a family of brachiopods belonging to the order Rhynchonellida.

## Genera

Genera:
* Abyssorhynchia Zezina, 1980
* Compsothyris Jackson, 1918
* Frieleia Dall, 1895
* Grammetaria Cooper, 1959
* Hispanirhynchia Thomson, 1927
* Hispanirhyncha
* Manithyris Foster, 1974
* Neorhynchia Thomson, 1915
* Parasphenarina Motchurova-Dekova, Saito &Endo, 2002
* Sphenarina Cooper, 1959
# Frisa

Frisa may refer to:

## People

* Dan Frisa (born 1955), American lawyer and congressman

## Places

* Frisa, Abruzzo, a town in the Province of Chieti, Italy
* Loch Frisa, Isle of Mull, Inner Hebrides, Scotland
# 2012 Copa Bimbo

The 2012 Campeonato Internacional de Verano, also known as 2012 Copa Bimbo for sponsoring purposes, is the fourth edition of the Campeonato Internacional de Verano, an exhibition international club football competition that featured two clubs from Uruguay (Nacional and Peñarol), one from Peru (Universidad San Martín) and one from Chile (Palestino). It is played in Montevideo, Uruguay at the Estadio Centenario from 13 to 15 January 2012.

## Bracket

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| U. San Martín | 1 (5) |
| Palestino (pen.) | 1 (6) | | |
| Palestino (pen.) | 1 (6) | Palestino | 2 |
| | | Peñarol | 4 |
| Nacional | 1 (6) | Peñarol | 4 |
| Peñarol (pen.) | 1 (7) | | |
| Peñarol (pen.) | 1 (7) | Third place | Third place |
| | | U. San Martín | 1 |
| | | Nacional | 2 |

## Matches
### Final

| Palestino | Peñarol |
PALESTINO: :
| GK | 30 | Felipe Núñez (c) |
| RB | 13 | Miguel Escalona |
| CB | 6 | Darío Flores |
| CB | 14 | Roberto Bishara |
| LB | 2 | Mirko Opazo | | 71' |
| DM | 16 | Roberto Ávalos | 40' | 75' |
| RM | 26 | Diego Torres | | 46' |
| LM | 19 | Gastón Filgueira | | 61' |
| AM | 10 | Robert Flores |
| CF | 11 | David Llanos |
| CF | 9 | Diego Cháves | | 46' |
| Substitutes: |||
| GK | 12 | José Quezada |
| DF | 5 | Rodrigo Riquelme | | |
| DF | 29 | Mario Carmona | | 71' |
| MF | 8 | Jason Silva | | 61' |
| MF | 20 | César Henríquez | | 46' |
| MF | 24 | Sebastián Alarcón | | 75' |
| FW | 27 | Nicolás Canales | 62' | 46' |
| Manager: |||
| Daniel Carreño ||||
PEÑAROL: :
| GK | 1 | Danilo Lerda |
| RB | 24 | Emiliano Albín |
| CB | 2 | Juan Alvez | | 58' |
| CB | 4 | Alejandro González (c) |
| LB | 7 | Walter López | | |
| DM | 19 | Nicolás Amodio | | 79' |
| RM | 21 | Bruno Montelongo | | |
| LM | 25 | Sebastián Cristóforo | | 46' |
| RW | 13 | Santiago Silva | | 71' |
| LW | 20 | Jorge Zambrana | | 71' |
| CF | 17 | Marcelo Zalayeta | | 46' |
| Substitutes: |||
| GK | 12 | Fabián Carini |
| DF | 3 | Gerardo Alcoba | | |
| MF | 6 | Facundo Guichón | | 46' |
| FW | 14 | Luis Aguiar | 50' | 46' |
| MF | 15 | Elbio Álvarez | 40' | 71' |
| MF | 18 | Sebastián Rosano | | 79' |
| FW | 16 | Jonathan Siles | | 71' |
| Manager: |||
| Gregorio Pérez ||||
Man of the match: Emiliano Albín Assistant referees: Carlos Pastorino Raúl Hartwig Fourth official: Gustavo Siegler
* Copa Bimbo 2012 Winners
* Peñarol 1st title

## Scorers

2 goals
* Emiliano Albín (Peñarol)
* Santiago Silva (Peñarol)
* David Llanos (Palestino)
1 goal
* Héber Arriola (Universidad San Martín)
* Sebastián Cristóforo (Peñarol)
* Joaquín Boghossián (Nacional)
* Luis Perea (Universidad San Martín)
* Álvaro Recoba (Nacional)
* Matías Vecino (Nacional)
* Nicolás Canales (Palestino)
# From Beyond the Back Burner

From Beyond the Back Burner is the debut album by Arizona-based pop rock band Gas Giants, released on Atomic Pop Records on October 19, 1999.

## Reception

AllMusic gave the recording three out of five stars and in its review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine praises the band for feeling like it is having fun and including humor in the lyrics. He writes that the album is "unassuming, good-natured, and melodic hard-pop". In CMJ New Music Monthly, Meredith Ochs gave the album a mixed review, saying that it followed from Gin Blossoms' work and expanded it by adding stadium rock guitar but "although Wilson's melodies pull the songs together, the hooks don't really stick without great lyrics to hang on".

## Track listing

All songs written by Gas Giants
* "Now the Change" – 4:48
* "I Hope My Kids Like Marilyn Manson" – 2:25
* "In Between Two Worlds" – 3:35
* "Stinking Up the Charts" – 3:17
* "Whose Side Are You On" – 4:40
* "Circus of Stars" – 3:32
* "Quitter" – 3:52
* "Useless" – 3:14
* "Letter" – 3:19
* "Going Down" – 3:16
* "Like It or Not" – 3:08
* "Tonight Won't Let Me Wonder" – 4:22
* "You're Absolutely" – 4:22

## Personnel

Gas Giants
* Mickey Ferrell – bass guitar
* Daniel Henzerling – lead guitar, vocals
* Phillip Rhodes – drums, vocals
* Robin Wilson – lead vocals, guitar
Additional personnel
* Geof Darrow – artwork
* John Hampton – production
* George Marino – audio mastering at Sterling Sound, Edgewater, New Jersey, United States
* Chris Widmer – recording
# From Bessie to Brazil

From Bessie To Brazil is a 1993 album by jazz vocalist Susannah McCorkle. It peaked at number 20 on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Music critic Scott Yanow of AllMusic praised the album and called it "a fine all-round showcase for the talented singer."

## Personnel

* Susannah McCorkle - vocals
* Allen Farnham - piano, musical director
* Howard Alden – guitar
* Kiyoshi Kitagawa - bass
* Chuck Redd – drums
* Randy Sandke – trumpet, flugelhorn
* Dick Oatts – alto saxophone, flute
* Ken Peplowski – tenor saxophone, clarinet
* Robert Trowers – trombone
“Thief in The Night” & “The People That You Never Get To Love” arranged by Allen Farnham; “The Lady Is a Tramp” & “Hit the Road to Dreamland” arranged by Ben Aronov;
“Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive” & “Love” arranged by Richard De Rosa.
# 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle

2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle may refer to:
* May 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle
* November 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle
# Bitter Lake (Ontario)

Bitter Lake is a lake in the Trent River and Lake Ontario drainage basins located in the municipality of Dysart et al, Haliburton County, Ontario, Canada, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of the community of Haliburton.
The lake is 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) long and 0.6 kilometres (0.4 mi) wide and lies at an elevation of 413 metres (1,355 ft). There are no significant inflows. The primary outflow is an unnamed creek that flows through Tedious Lake to the Redstone River, a tributary of the Gull River.
# Aníbal Bello

Aníbal Bello is a paralympic athlete from Venezuela competing mainly in category F11 throws events.
Although Anibal competed in the javelin and shot at the 2004 Summer Paralympics it was only when he ran as part of the Venezuelan T11-13 4 × 100 m relay team that he won his only Paralympic medal, a bronze.
# Bob Barker Company

Bob Barker Company, Inc. is an American company that sells supplies to prisons, jails, and other institutions. The company was founded in 1972, with headquarters in Fuquay-Varina, North Carolina, and a distribution and sales center in Ogden, Utah. Its products include prisoner and officer uniforms, bedding, toiletries, cleaning supplies and security and restraint equipment.

## History

According to the company's website, founder Bob Barker, a former newspaper editor from North Carolina, initially started the company selling supplies and equipment to restaurants. The company began supplying to jails and prisons in the southeastern United States in the early 1980s.
Since 1995, the company has been awarded at least $13 million in federal prison system contracts in the United States, representing about 100 federal prisons across the country. In 2016, the company began a $4.15 million distribution center expansion in Fuquay-Varina.
A 2008 report by SweatFree Communities, a campaign of the International Labor Rights Forum, alleged use of Bangladesh-based sweatshop labor by the company. Company president Robert Barker Jr. responded by stating the company only worked with suppliers that "share our commitment to the health and safety of those working in this industry."
In 2009, the company founded the philanthropic Bob Barker Company Foundation, with a focus on reducing recidivism.
While prison lore has suggested that the company is affiliated with game show host Bob Barker, there is no relationship between the two.
# Centrum, Umeå

Centrum is a residential area in Umeå, Sweden.
# Chestnut-naped forktail

The chestnut-naped forktail (Enicurus ruficapillus) is a species of bird in the flycatcher and chat family Muscicapidae. The species is monotypic, having no subspecies. It is found in Sundaland, in southern Burma and Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia, as well as Sumatra and Borneo. The species is not migratory.

## Habitat and distribution

The species is found along clear rivers and streams in lowland and hill rainforest. It can also be found in secondary scrub, dry ridges, and along logging roads. It is found from sea-level to 1,300 m (4,300 ft), except in southern Thailand, where it only reaches 900 m (3,000 ft).

## Description

The chestnut-naped forktail is 18 to 20 cm (7.1–7.9 in) long and weighs 27 g (0.95 oz). The head of the male is chestnut-coloured, with a white forehead and black mask in front of the eye. The wings are black with a white wing-bar. The breast is white with black barring, fading towards the white belly. The rump is white and the tail is black with white stripes and a white tip. The female is the same as the male except the back and mantle is chestnut. The chestnut-naped forktail calls in flight, either a single or three whistles.

## Behaviour

Chestnut-naped forktails forage near water, eating a range of insects including earwigs, beetles, ants and caterpillars. They have also been recorded eating snakes. The nest is a cup of plant fibres, lined with leaf skeletons and decorated on the outside with moss. The nest is fixed with mud to a boulder or bank. The clutch size is 2 eggs, which are white or pale pink and marked with reddish-brown speckles and purple undermarkings. This species is a host to brush cuckoos.

## Status

It is threatened by habitat loss, as lowland forest is rapidly being cleared across its range. It is expected to remain in hill habitat, and is classed as near threatened.
# Alpestriscyphon

Alpestriscyphon is a genus of marsh beetle in the Scirtidae family, first described in 2020 by Chris Watts and others. The type species is Alpestriscyphon spurgeon.
Species of this genus are found only in the wet tropics of Queensland, Australia.

## Species list

(listed as accepted)
* Alpestriscyphon bartlefrere Watts, Bradford, Cooper & Libonatti, 2020
* Alpestriscyphon spurgeon Watts, Bradford, Cooper & Libonatti, 2020
# Anthony Bean

Anthony Russell Bean (born 1957) is an Australian botanist who works at the Queensland Herbarium and Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha. Since 1982, he has led the Eucalyptus Study Group of the Society for Growing Australian Plants.

## Career

From at least 1989, he was working at CSIRO, Division of Plant Industry, in Nambour, Queensland, and much of that work was on Eucalypts.
In later years he has contributed to the history of Australian botany, with work on Ludwig Leichhardt, Frederick Kenny, and Cyril Tenison White,

## Names published

IPNI lists 343 names published by Bean. Examples are:
* Alphitonia pomaderroides (Fenzl) A.R.Bean.
* Eucalyptus exilipes M.I.H. Brooker & A.R. Bean
# Anthony Bartholomay

Anthony Francis Bartholomay (1919–1975) was an American mathematician who introduced molecular set theory, a topic on which he wrote books.

## Life

Bartholomay was born on August 11, 1919. He would receive degrees from Hamilton College, Syracuse University, and Harvard University. Bartholomay would work at Harvard Medical School, Medical School of Ohio, Brown University, Keuka College, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and Rutgers University. He died on March 21, 1975, at 55 years old. A resident of the Somerset section of Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey, he died at a New Brunswick, New Jersey hospital from a stroke he had three weeks prior to his death.

## Molecular set theory

Molecular set theory (MST) is a mathematical formulation of the wide-sense chemical kinetics of biomolecular reactions in terms of sets of molecules and their chemical transformations represented by set-theoretical mappings between molecular sets.

## Career

Bartholomay was a professor and chairman of the Department of Mathematical Medicine at the Medical College of Ohio. He was only part of the Department of Mathematical Medicine from 1969 until 1972, when he left. The department subsequently collapsed the following year.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute website had Anthony Bartholomay listed as an investigator but was hosted at Harvard Medical School in 1957.
# Anthela tetraphrica

Anthela tetraphrica is a moth of the Anthelidae family. It is found in Australia.
# Anthela subfalcata

Anthela subfalcata is a moth of the family Anthelidae. It is found in Australia.
# Anthony Seibu Alec Abban

Anthony Seibu Alec Abban was a Ghanaian teacher and politician. He was member of parliament in the first republic. He first served as a member of parliament for Ajumako-Asikuma electoral district from 1954 to 1965. In 1965 the constituency was split and he served as the member of parliament representing the Ajumako electoral area. He was also deputy minister in various portfolios in the first republic. In the third republic, he was a member of the People's National Party, the party that won the 1979 general election. Abban was a trained teacher. Prior to politics, he taught in various schools in the then Gold Coast.

## Early life and education

Abban was born on 4 June 1928. He had his early education at the Ajumako Methodist School. He continued at Mfantsipim School where he passed his London Matriculation Examination in 1948. He went on to Wesley College, Kumasi where he obtained his Teacher's Certificate 'A'.

## Career and politics

Prior to politics Abban taught in schools at Winneba and Odoben all in the Central Region of Ghana. In 1954 Abban was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly for Ajumako-Asikuma. While in parliament he served as deputy minister for various ministries, some of which include the Ministry of Industry, and the Ministry of Agriculture. In 1965 he became a member of parliament for Ajumako when his constituency was split. He served in this capacity until 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrow.
During the Third Republic, Abban joined the People's National Party and was one of the party's top bureaucrats.

## Death

Abban died on 2 October 1985, aged 57.
# Anthony Buttimer

Anthony Buttimer (born 13 July 1965) is an Irish FIFA-level soccer referee from Cork. A League of Ireland official, he took charge of the 2008 FAI Cup Final in the RDS, Dublin.

## Career

Buttimer regularly referees matches in the League of Ireland. In the past he has been dispatched to referee local derbies including the Connacht Derby contested between Sligo Rovers and Galway United in August 2007. He was also deployed in the 2013 FAI Cup Semi Final and Louth Derby between Dundalk and Drogheda.
In September 2007, Buttimer took issue with the colour of the goalkeeper's jerseys in a game between Dundalk and Shelbourne. It was eventually agreed that the Dundalk goalkeeper would wear a t-shirt with a white strip of tape on the back whilst the Shelbourne goalkeeper would wear a training top for the match. A similar incident occurred in March 2008, when he said that the kit worn by Sligo Rovers was too similar to the kit worn by St Patrick's Athletic.
Buttimer took charge of the 2008-09 UEFA Cup qualifier first round second leg match between KS Vllaznia Shkodër and FC Koper at the Loro-Boriçi Stadium in Shkodër, Albania. The match finished 0 – 0, with him issuing three yellow cards.
On 23 November, Buttimer took charge of the 2008 FAI Cup Final, in which Bohemians beat Derry City This was the first FAI Cup Final to feature a penalty shoot-out.
# Anti-Gold Futures Act of 1864

The Anti-Gold Futures Act of 1864 (13 Stat. 132) was the first instance of United States Federal regulation of derivatives. More formally titled "An Act to Prohibit Certain Sales of Gold and Foreign Exchange," the Act was passed by Congress on June 17, 1864.
It was a response to Congressional perceptions that the low value the fiat currency greenbacks were then trading at relative to gold was as a result of a failure of the private market. The Act prohibited the trading of gold futures, and also criminalized the sale of foreign exchange more than ten days in the future. Congress's action was followed by a further sharp drop in the value of the greenbacks. Two weeks later Congress repealed the act.
# Anthony Pearson

Anthony Pearson may refer to:
* Anthony Pearson (martyr) (died 1543), English Protestant martyr, executed for heresy
* Anthony Pearson (Quaker) (1628–c. 1670), English Quaker
* Tony Pearson (cricketer) (born 1941), former English cricketer
* Tony Pearson (bodybuilder) (born 1957), American bodybuilding champion
# Antoine Rater

Antoine Rater (26 April 1729 in Lyon – 4 August 1794 in Miribel) was a French architect.

## Honours

There is a street called Montée Rater at Lyon, France.
# Anthony Precourt

Jay Anthony Precourt Jr. (born c. 1969–70) is an American investor and sports team owner. He is the CEO of Two Oak Ventures (formerly Precourt Sports Ventures), a group that owns Major League Soccer club Austin FC and formerly owned the Columbus Crew. He is also a managing partner of Precourt Capital Management, a private investment management firm based in San Francisco, California.

## Education and career

Precourt was raised in Denver, Colorado, and went to high school in Connecticut. He graduated from Pepperdine University with a Bachelor of Arts in political science and from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College with a Master of Business Administration. Precourt entered the corporate finance business with stints at Merrill Lynch, Alex. Brown & Sons, and WHV Investment Management. He then started his own private equity firm, Precourt Capital Management, in 2008, focusing on the energy sector.

## MLS ownership

Precourt, who had a stated interest in soccer, formed Precourt Sports Ventures LLC in 2012 and looked to invest in Major League Soccer. The firm bought the Columbus Crew SC from Clark Hunt for $68 million, then a record for a MLS franchise. At the first Crew match he attended, several months before the sale was finalized, the scoreboard at Mapfre Stadium caught fire and delayed kickoff for hours. Under Precourt's ownership, the Crew hired Gregg Berhalter as its manager and first sporting director; and unveiled an updated brand identity that included a new logo and name with the suffix "SC".
On October 17, 2017, Precourt Sports Ventures announced that it was considering moving the franchise in 2019 to Austin, Texas. The move came as a surprise to Columbus leaders and fans. After offering an apology on Twitter, Precourt was the focus of anger from the team's supporters, culminating in the establishment of the Save the Crew movement.
In December 2018, Precourt Sports Ventures announced they had negotiated an agreement with the City of Austin to build a $242 million stadium on public land at 10414 McKalla Place, following an evaluation of several other city-owned properties. Construction began in 2019, and Q2 Stadium opened in 2021, hosting its first soccer match on June 16, 2021.
On January 1, 2019, ownership of Crew SC was preliminarily transferred from Precourt Sports Ventures to a group composed of Dee and Jimmy Haslam and Dr. Pete Edwards, who pledged to keep the Crew in Columbus and build a new stadium in downtown Columbus. Austin FC was officially announced as the 27th MLS franchise on January 15, 2019 and is set to begin play in 2021. Precourt Sports Ventures was rebranded as Two Oak Ventures in July 2019, with Precourt remaining as CEO, and six Austin-based owners were added the following month.

## Personal life

Precourt lives in Austin, Texas, with his wife Agatha and three children. His father was the oil tycoon and philanthropist Jay A. Precourt.
# Antolak

Antolak is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Julia Antolak (born 2000), Polish chess grandmaster
* Sylvester Antolak (1918–1944), United States Army Sergeant
* Vlastislav Antolák (1942–2023), Czech teacher and politician
# Antichiropus

Antichiropus is a genus of millipede in the family Paradoxosomatidae. The genus is very distinctive in the form of the gonopod, which is typically coiled through at least a full circle. It is probably endemic to Australia. Some species have small ranges of less than 10000 km$^2$, classifying them as short-range endemic invertebrates.
# Anticharis

Anticharis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae.
Its native range is Africa to India.
Species:
* Anticharis angolensis B.Nord.
* Anticharis arabica Endl.
* Anticharis ebracteata Schinz
* Anticharis glandulosa Asch.
* Anticharis imbricata Schinz
* Anticharis inflata Marloth & Engl.
* Anticharis juncea L.Bolus
* Anticharis kaokoensis B.Nord.
* Anticharis namibensis B.Nord.
* Anticharis scoparia (E.Mey. ex Benth.) Hiern ex Schinz
* Anticharis senegalensis (Walp.) Bhandari