OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alfred Lodge

Professor Alfred Lodge MA (1854 – 1 December 1937), was an English mathematician, author, and the first president of The Mathematical Association.
Alfred Lodge was born in 1854 at Penkhull, Staffordshire, one of nine children to Oliver Lodge (1826–1884) and Grace, née Heath (1826–1879). His siblings included physicist Sir Oliver Lodge, and historians Sir Richard Lodge and Eleanor Constance Lodge. He attended Horncastle Grammar School, afterwards studying at Magdalen College, Oxford. In 1876 he became a fellow of St John's College, Oxford, and in 1884 joined the Royal Indian Engineering College at Egham, there becoming a professor of pure mathematics, succeeding Joseph Wolstenholme in 1889. From 1904 until after the First World War he was a master at Charterhouse School. In 1897 Lodge became the first president of The Mathematical Association after its name change from The Association for the Improvement of Geometrical Teaching.
Lodge was at times associated with his brother Oliver Lodge's preoccupation with psychic phenomena, although stating that his interest only lay where this seemed to apply to mathematics.
Alfred Lodge died at Oxford on 1 December 1937. He was father of two sons, Charles and Christopher.

## Selected publications

* 1895 – Mensuration for senior students. ISBN 1130347621
* 1899 – Matter, Ether and Motion: The Factors and Relations of Physical Science, edited English edition by Professor Alfred Lodge.
* 1904 – Elementary mechanics including hydrostatics and pneumatics, with Oliver Lodge and Charles S. Lodge. ISBN 1176576577
* 1905 – Differential Calculus for Beginners. ISBN 1147272581
* 1905 – Integral calculus for beginners. ISBN 1231963778
* 1906 – "Semi-convergent Series for JnX" in Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 76th. Annual Meeting, York
* 1910 – "Reports on the State of Science" committee report on The Further tabulation of Bessel Functions, for the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 80th Annual Meeting, Sheffield
* 1923 – Differential Calculus for Beginners – Primary Source Edition. ISBN 1293005665
* 1927 – "The Graphic Solution of Quadratic Equations", The Mathematical Gazette
* 1933 – paper on the "Larmor-Lorentz transformations", published in the Philosophical Magazine; co-written Oliver Lodge
# C21H22O11

The molecular formula C$_{21}$H$_{22}$O$_{11}$ (molar mass: 450.39 g/mol, exact mass: 450.116212) may refer to:
* Astilbin, a flavanonol
* Marein, an aurone
* Smitilbin, a flavanonol
# Bynther

Bynther is a village in the Mairang block of Eastern West Khasi Hills District in Meghalaya, India. The village is divided into mainly two parts: Upper Bynther and Lower Bynther. The famous folk singer Skendrowell Syiemlieh lived here.
# Bynoe River

The Bynoe River, also called the Little Bynoe River, is an arm of the Flinders River delta in the Gulf of Carpentaria. It is of significant historical interest as the point where the Burke and Wills expedition, an expedition seeking to cross Australia from south to north and return, reached salt water in 1861. The mouth of the river was the explorers’ Burke and Wills Camp B/CXIX, with ‘CXIX’ being the Roman numerals for 119.
The river was named for Benjamin Bynoe, a surgeon and naturalist on HMS Beagle. The river’s mouth is adjacent to Normanton, Queensland. The river and mouth should not be confused with Bynoe Harbour in the Northern Territory.
# Alexfloydia

Alexfloydia is a genus of perennial stoloniferous grasses in the panic grass subfamily of the Poaceae grass family.
This genus is endemic to coastal eastern New South Wales in Australia.
There is one known species, Alexfloydia repens. This genus was named in honour of the species discoverer, Australian botanist Alexander Floyd (1926-2022).

## Habitat and distribution

Alexfloydia repens is a spreading, mat-forming grass found on the margins of brackish and tidal waterways in areas flooded by unusually high tides (called "king tides"). The species forms a groundcover associated with the tree species Casuarina glauca and the Endangered Ecological Community Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest. Currently this grass is known only from a few locations in the Coffs Harbour region.

## Status

This species is listed as Endangered on the schedules of the NSW Threatened Species Act.

## Ecology

Alexfloydia repens is the sole larval food plant for the endangered Black grass-dart butterfly (Ocybadistes knightorum) (Lambkin & Donaldson, 1994).
# Bymainiella lugubris

Bymainiella lugubris is a species of funnel-web spider in the Hexathelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1978 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in New South Wales in alpine, snow gum woodland and open sclerophyll forest habitats. The type locality is the New England Plateau.

## Behaviour

The spiders are terrestrial predators that build ground webs.
# Bymainiella terraereginae

Bymainiella terraereginae is a species of funnel-web spider in the Hexathelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1976 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in south-eastern Queensland. The type locality is the Lamington Plateau.

## Behaviour

The spiders are terrestrial predators that build silken tube retreats beneath rocks and logs.
# C. P. J. Seneviratne

Captain Cyril Pinto Jayatilake Seneviratne (23 April 1918 - 26 December 1984) was a Sri Lankan military officer and politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Mahiyangana from 1960-1970 and 1977-1984 and served as the Minister of Labour in the Jayewardene cabinet (1977-1984).

## Education

Seneviratne attended school at Gampaha and 1942 he obtained a certificate as an instructor from the Physical Training Institute in Ambala, India.

## Military service

Following his return he gained a commission as an officer of Ceylon Engineers Corps. In 1947 Seneviratne was appointed a Captain of the Ceylon Pioneers and served with the Corps when they were sent to Malaysia to oversee the construction of the railway line from Taiping to Port Weld (now known as Kuala Sepetang). While in Malayasia he played a leading part in the construction of Lankaramaya, the Buddhist Vihara in Singapore. Seneviratne claims that in 1949 he obtained a sapling of the Sri Maha Bodhi tree in Anuradhapura, which he planted at Lankaramaya. He left the army in 1950.

## Political career

Senerviratne contested the 4th parliamentary elections, held on 19 March 1960, in the newly created seat of Mahiyangana, representing the United National Party. He was successful, polling 3,164 votes (36% of the total vote) defeating the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate by 359 votes. At the subsequent parliamentary elections in July 1960 he retained the seat receiving 4,811 votes (50% of the total vote).
He won the seat again at the 6th parliamentary elections, held on 22 March 1965, increasing his vote to 51% of the total vote. At the subsequent parliamentary election, held on 27 May 1970, he was defeated by the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate, D. D. E. Wickremaratne, by 2,556 votes, only obtaining 43% of the total vote.
Senerviratne however was successful in regaining the seat of Mahiyangana at the 8th parliamentary election, held on 21 July 1977, where he defeated the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate, Navaratna Banda Galketiya, by 8,801 votes (obtaining 70% of the total vote).

## Death

Senerviratne died at the Colombo Hospital on 26 December 1984, whilst still serving as the Minister for Labour. Senerviratne's son, Lakshman, was subsequently elected to parliament representing his father's seat of Mahiyangana at a by-election on 18 April 1985. His son is a current Minister and Member of Parliament for Badulla.
# Băilești

Băilești (Romanian pronunciation:) is a city in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania, with a population of 15,928 in 2021. One village, Balasan, is administered by the city.

## Geography

The city lies in the western part of the Wallachian Plain, on the banks of the Balasan River, which flows into the Danube some 20 km (12 mi) to the south. Băilești is located in the southern half of Dolj County, 57 km (35 mi) southwest of the county seat, Craiova and 32 km (20 mi) northeast of Calafat, a port city on the Danube.

## History

The first documentary attestation of the town dates from January 4, 1536, during the reign of Prince Radu Paisie; the document recalls that the town existed since the time of Voivode Mircea the Elder.
During World War I, 156 people from Băilești died on the battlefield; in 1924 sculptor Ioan Iordănescu [ro] constructed the Monument of the Băilești Heroes in their honor. During World War II, 108 citizens of Băilești died on the battlefield.
In 2001, Băilești was declared a municipality. The city has been expanding during the past few years; several commercial centers have been built, while banks and old buildings have been restored.

## Natives

* Ștefan Baiaram (born 2002), footballer
* Augustin Botescu, football manager
* Georgiana Ciuciulete (born 1987), handballer
* Valerică Găman (born 1989), footballer
* Marcel Iureș (born 1951), stage and film actor
* Florea Martinovici (1940–2011), footballer
* Adriana Nechita (born 1983), handballer
* Amza Pellea (1931–1983), actor
* Joseph Schubert (1889–1952), Canadian politician
* Simona Staicu (born 1971), long-distance and marathon runner
# Algerites

Algerites is middle Cretaceous (Cenomanian) anisoceratid ammonoid with a close-coiled adult shell in which the whorls at that stage are in close contact, after starting off with openly coiled whorls, and in which every rib (a character of the family) has a pair of sharp ventral tubercles.
Algerites, which is found in North Africa, named for the country of Algeria, is thought to be derived from Idiohammites, also an anisoceratid. It (Algerites) differs from Allocrioceras in that the later whorls come together in close contact where as in the latter they remain apart.
The Anisoceratidae to which this genus is assigned is included in the diverse heteromorphic superfamily Turrilitoidea.
# Alpine skiing at the 1999 Asian Winter Games – Men's giant slalom

The men's giant slalom at the 1999 Asian Winter Games was held on 2 February 1999 at the Yongpyong Resort in South Korea.

## Schedule

All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 2 February 1999 | 10:00 | Final |

## Results
### Legend

* DNF1 — Did not finish run 1
* DNF2 — Did not finish run 2
* DNS1 — Did not start run 1
* DNS2 — Did not start run 2
* DSQ1 — Disqualified run 1
* DSQ2 — Disqualified run 2
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| | Joji Kawaguchi (JPN) | 2:35.40 |
| | Hur Seung-wook (KOR) | 2:35.97 |
| | Lee Ki-hyun (KOR) | 2:37.41 |
| 4 | Choi Moon-sung (KOR) | 2:38.74 |
| 5 | Dmitriy Shlajmov (KAZ) | 2:45.44 |
| 6 | Bagher Kalhor (IRI) | 2:49.75 |
| 7 | Danil Anisimov (KAZ) | 2:51.85 |
| 8 | Rostam Kalhor (IRI) | 2:55.61 |
| 9 | Jin Guangbin (CHN) | 2:56.84 |
| 10 | Alidad Saveh-Shemshaki (IRI) | 2:58.22 |
| 11 | George Salameh (LIB) | 3:11.59 |
| 12 | Nanak Chand Thakur (IND) | 3:13.47 |
| 13 | Chafic Khalife (LIB) | 3:14.12 |
| 14 | Andrey Trelevski (KGZ) | 3:16.27 |
| 15 | Bhag Chand (IND) | 3:27.70 |
| 16 | Chu Tai-wei (TPE) | 3:35.63 |
| 17 | Lee Yu-der (TPE) | 3:55.87 |
| — | Kamil Urumbaev (UZB) | DNF2 |
| — | Byun Jong-moon (KOR) | DSQ2 |
| — | Chagnaagiin Aranzalzul (MGL) | DNS2 |
| — | Qurban Ali (PAK) | DNF1 |
| — | Dmitriy Kvach (KAZ) | DNF1 |
| — | Hossein Kalhor (IRI) | DNF1 |
| — | Huang Hongli (CHN) | DNF1 |
| — | Azumi Tajima (JPN) | DSQ1 |
| — | Sarfaraz Ahmad Bajwa (PAK) | DNS1 |
# Alashan Plateau semi-desert

The Alashan Plateau semi-desert ecoregion (WWF ID: PA1302) covers the southwestern portion of the Gobi Desert where precipitation in the mountains is sufficient for a short part of the summer to support sparse plant life. The terrain is basin and range, with elevations from 1,000 to 2,500 metres (3,300 to 8,200 ft). The region straddles the China–Mongolian border, with the Tibetan Plateau to the south, and the more arid regions of the Gobi to the north and east.

## Location and description

The ecoregion encompasses the desert basins and low mountains bordered by the Lop Desert on the west, the Tibetan Plateau and Qilian Mountains to the south, the Gobi extension of the Altai Mountains on the north, and the Helan Mountains to the southeast. This part of the Gobi desert is in the rain shadow of the Tibetan Plateau. However, parts of it still receive enough precipitation to support areas of semi-arid desert plant communities.

## Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk). This climate is characteristic of arid climates that typically have precipitation far below potential evapotranspiration. Several months average below 0 °C (32 °F). Annual precipitation on the Alashan Plateau is under 150 millimetres (6 in)/year.

## Flora and fauna

Plant communities of the Alashan Plateau use various strategies to form and survive. While the ecoregion does have areas of sand and bare rock, there are also low-lying areas with plants that are salt-tolerant (halophytes) and adapted to the low levels of precipitation (xerophytes). Shrubs such as saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron) and the semi-perennial Reaumuria soongorica add stability to the soil and attract associated species. Areas with more moisture support semi-desert communities of wormwoods (Artemisia), bean caper (Zygophyllum), and Calligonum mongolicum. Runoff from the Qilian Mountains supports some grasslands, and the Yellow River, which runs along the eastern edge, supports river forests of desert poplar (Populus euphratica) and Tamarix species.
There is one mammal endemic to the Alashan Plateau, Przewalski's gerbil.

## Protections

The Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park is in Mongolia's north-central part of the ecoregion.
# Cape Morgan Nature Reserve

The Cape Morgan Nature Reserve, nestled within the expansive East London Coast Nature Reserve, is a coastal forest reserve in the Wild Coast region of the Eastern Cape. On its western side, lies the Morgan Bay estuary, while it is flanked on the eastern side by the Cwili estuary. Nearby are the villages of Morgan Bay and Kei Mouth. Southwest of the reserve is the Morgan Bay beach. Its shoreline is enclosed by the Kei section of the Amathole Marine Protected Area.

## History

Constructed in 1964 within the Cape Morgan Nature Reserve, the Cape Morgan Lighthouse stands as one of four lighthouses adorning the Wild Coast. In August 2020, a draft was prepared to develop accommodation facilities and a parking area for the existing Eastern Cape Parks' Conference Centre situated in the reserve. The visitor centre is located on the ruins of an old titanium mine.

## Activities
### Hiking

The 57 km Strandloper Hiking Trail starts at the visitor centre in the reserve and ends at the Gonubie River mouth.

### Swimming

There's a tide pool on the coast of the reserve.

## Gallery

* Morgan Bay Lighthouse
* Morgan Bay dune forest and the beach.
# Abali Hoilett

Abali Hoilett (born 26 April 1983) is a Bahamian born Caymanian cricketer. Hoilett is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break.
Hoilett made a single first-class appearance for the Cayman Islands against Canada at the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club in the 2005 Intercontinental Cup. He was dismissed for 16 runs in the Cayman Islands first-innings by Henry Osinde, while in their second-innings he was dismissed for a duck by Sunil Dhaniram. Canada won the match by 120 runs.
He has since played for the team in the 2006 Americas Championship and the 2010 World Cricket League Division Four.
# Brightwaters, New South Wales

Brightwaters is a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie in New South Wales, Australia on a peninsula east of the town of Morisset on the western shore of Lake Macquarie.

## History

Early industries were tinned fish and sugar cane. A sugar cane mill was built, but it was destroyed by a bushfire in 1875. A post office was opened in 1963 and closed in 1979.

## Population

In the 2016 Census, there were 903 people in Brightwaters. 84.1% of people were born in Australia and 93.0% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion in Brightwaters were No Religion 24.9%, Catholic 24.1% and Anglican 19.8%.
# C16H16ClN3O3S

The molecular formula C$_{16}$H$_{16}$ClN$_3$O$_3$S (molar mass: 365.83 g/mol, exact mass: 365.0601 u) may refer to:
* Indapamide
* Metolazone
# Amal Club Belksiri

Amal Club Belksiri, also called AC Kasri is a Moroccan football club currently playing in the third division.
# Fernando Selma

Fernando Selma (1752, Valencia - 8 January 1810, Madrid) was a Spanish engraver and illustrator.

## Life and works

He began his artistic studies with Ignacio Vergara at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos de Valencia. In 1768, he was granted a pension by King Charles IV to continue his studies at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, where he attended the drawing classes of Francisco Bayeu and learned engraving from Manuel Salvador Carmona. Only one year later, he was awarded prizes from the Academia in both categories. He was named an Academician of Merit by the Academia of Valencia in 1780, and the Academia in Madrid in 1783.
His father-in-law, Jerónimo Antonio Gil, founder of the Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City, appointed him to be in charge of the engraving classes at that institution but, in 1786, just before his departure, he chose to remain in Madrid to attend to various projects at the Royal Printing Office.
As an expert in chalcography and intaglio, he participated in several ambitious editorial projects; notably the edition of Don Quixote, published by Joaquín Ibarra in 1780, under the patronage of the Royal Spanish Academy. He provided seven illustrations, the frontispiece for Part I, and some of the chapter and paragraph headings, after drawings by José del Castillo and Antonio Carnicero, among others. He also did illustrations for The Conspiracy of Catiline by Sallust (Ibarra, 1772).
For the Portraits of Illustrious Spaniards he provided the portraits of Lope de Vega (after a drawing by Rafael Ximeno y Planes), Miguel de Cervantes and Diego de Saavedra Fajardo. He also worked on the History of the Conquest of Mexico by Antonio de Solís, in the deluxe two volume edition published by Antonio de Sancha [es] (1783-1784); providing the portrait of Hernán Cortés, from a drawing attributed to Titian. After 1786, he contributed to the Maritime Atlas of Spain. This resulted in his being criticized for abandoning historical works in favor of technical ones, to which he replied that he would rather provide images of practical use than ones to "delight the frivolous".
On behalf of the "Company for the Engraving of the King's Paintings", established in 1789, he reproduced works by Anthony van Dyck, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo and Guido Reni, among others. In 1799, he was named the Court Engraver by King Charles.
# 2-Chloroethanol

2-Chloroethanol (also called ethylene chlorohydrin or glycol chlorohydrin) is an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula HOCH$_2$CH$_2$Cl and the simplest beta-halohydrin (chlorohydrin). This colorless liquid has a pleasant ether-like odor. It is miscible with water. The molecule is bifunctional, consisting of both an alkyl chloride and an alcohol functional group.

## Synthesis and applications

2-Chloroethanol is produced by treating ethylene with hypochlorous acid:
2-Chloroethanol was once produced on a large scale as a precursor to ethylene oxide:
    HOCH$_2$CH$_2$Cl + NaOH → C$_2$H$_4$O + NaCl + H$_2$O
This application has been supplanted by the more economic direct oxidation of ethylene. Otherwise chloroethanol is still used in the production of pharmaceuticals, biocides, and plasticizers. Many of these applications entail its use in installing 2-hydroxyethyl groups. Several dyes are prepared by the alkylation of aniline derivatives with chloroethanol. It is also used for manufacture of thiodiglycol.
It is a solvent for cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose, textile printing dyes, in dewaxing, refining of rosin, extraction of pine lignin, and the cleaning of machines.

## Environmental aspects

Chloroethanol is a metabolite in the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane. The alcohol is then further oxidized via chloroacetaldehyde to chloroacetate. This metabolic pathway is topical since billions of kilograms of 1,2-dichloroethane are processed annually as a precursor to vinyl chloride.

## Safety

2-Chloroethanol is toxic with an LD$_{50}$ of 89 mg/kg in rats. Like most organochlorine compounds, chloroethanol releases hydrochloric acid and phosgene when burned.
In regards to dermal exposure to 2-chloroethanol, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit of 5 ppm (16 mg/m$^3$) over an eight-hour time-weighted average, while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has a more protective recommended exposure limit of a 1 ppm (3 mg/m$^3$) exposure ceiling.
It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.
# 1999–2000 FIS Ski Flying World Cup

The 1999/00 FIS Ski Flying World Cup was the 10th official World Cup season in ski flying awarded with small crystal globe as the subdiscipline of FIS Ski Jumping World Cup. First ski flying team event in history was held this season in Planica.

## Calendar
### Men

| No. | Season | Date | Place | Hill | Size | Winner | Second | Third | Yellow bib | Ref. |
| 45 | 1 | 19 February 2000 | Tauplitz/Bad Mitterndorf | Kulm K185 | FH | Sven Hannawald | Andreas Widhölzl | Tommy Ingebrigtsen | Sven Hannawald | |
| | | 20 February 2000 | Tauplitz/Bad Mitterndorf | Kulm K185 | FH | weather conditions | weather conditions | weather conditions | weather conditions | weather conditions |
| 46 | 2 | 19 March 2000 | Planica | Velikanka bratov Gorišek K185 | FH | Sven Hannawald | Janne Ahonen | Andreas Goldberger | Sven Hannawald | |

### Team

| No. | Season | Date | Place | Hill | Size | Winner | Second | Third | Yellow bib | Ref. |
| 1 | 1 | 18 March 2000 | Planica | Velikanka bratov Gorišek K185 | FH | GermanySven Hannawald Hansjörg Jäkle Martin Schmitt Michael Uhrmann | FinlandVille Kantee Risto Jussilainen Jani Soininen Janne Ahonen | JapanTakanobu Okabe Kazuyoshi Funaki Hideharu Miyahira Noriaki Kasai | Germany | |
# 2014 UEC European Track Championships – Women's team sprint

The Women's team sprint was held on 16 October 2014.

## Results
### Qualifying

The fastest 4 teams qualify for the medal finals.
| Rank | Name | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Daria Shmeleva Anastasiia Voinova | Russia | 44.495 | QG |
| 2 | Miriam Welte Kristina Vogel | Germany | 44.996 | QG |
| 3 | Elis Ligtlee Shanne Braspennincx | Netherlands | 45.562 | QB |
| 4 | Sandie Clair Virginie Cueff | France | 45.612 | QB |
| 5 | Gintarė Gaivenytė-Mikalajūnė Simona Krupeckaitė | Lithuania | 46.106 | |
| 6 | Tania Calvo Helena Casas | Spain | 46.116 | |
| 7 | Rosie Blount Katy Marchant | Great Britain | 46.263 | |
| 8 | Urszula Los Katarzyna Kirschenstein | Poland | 47.171 | |
| 9 | Olena Starikova Olena Tsos | Ukraine | 47.244 | |
| 10 | Elisa Turunen Sara Ferrara | Finland | 52.003 | |
* QG = qualified for gold medal final
* QB = qualified for bronze medal final

### Finals

The final classification is determined in the medal finals.
| Rank | Name | Nation | Time |
| Bronze medal final |||||
| | Elis Ligtlee Shanne Braspennincx | Netherlands | 45.302 |
| 4 | Sandie Clair Virginie Cueff | France | 45.428 |
| Gold medal final |||||
| | Elena Brezhniva Anastasiia Voinova | Russia | 44.341 |
| | Miriam Welte Kristina Vogel | Germany | 44.623 |
# Figline e Incisa Valdarno

Figline e Incisa Valdarno is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Florence.
It has been created on January 1, 2014 with the union of the municipalities of Figline Valdarno and Incisa in Val d'Arno.