OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alex Fraser (scientist)

Alex Fraser (1923 – 14 July 2002) was a major innovator in the development of the computer modeling of population genetics and his work has stimulated many advances in genetic research over the past decades.
His efforts in the 1950s and 1960s had a profound impact on the development of computational models of evolutionary systems. His seminal work, "Simulation of genetic systems by automatic digital computers" (1958), is quoted in the literature to this day.
Fraser was born in London, England, and lived in Hong Kong for most of his youth. He studied at the University of New Zealand, and later went to the University of Edinburgh, and subsequently to the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Sydney, Australia.
It was at the CSIRO where Fraser made his seminal contributions to evolutionary computation. His earliest work was done on the SILIAC computer that was installed for the University of Sydney in 1956. The SILIAC was the Australian cousin to the ILLIAC machine that was developed at the University of Illinois. The machine was said to be running well when one could hear a 'rhythmic clicking of the relays inside it.' The clicking indicated that the computer was processing the iterations of the program correctly. Fraser began using it to simulate genetic selection processes.
Fraser also starred in multiple TV shows during the early days of Australian television. His time with "Science in Close-Up" ended in a dramatic departure when censors refused to permit airing of a childbirth. Such footage is commonplace today but was forbidden at the time and that was why he walked out of the show. A surprisingly popular show was his "Doorway to Knowledge" as it was fairly sophisticated science that was broadcast at eleven o'clock in the morning. He achieved a certain measure of celebrity through the shows and he turned up quite regularly in the Sydney Morning Herald, the city's primary newspaper.
In the 1960s, Fraser moved to the United States to act as visiting professor at the University of California at Davis. In 1967, he took over the Headship of Biological Sciences at the University of Cincinnati.
In 1983, Fraser suffered a stroke which left him unable to converse normally. The timing of this event was most tragic because Fraser was left unable to engage his colleagues, just at the time when interest in evolutionary models and simulations was beginning to rise within computer science.
In 1999, Fraser received the 1999 IEEE Neural Networks Council Pioneer Award in Evolutionary Computation. He died 14 July 2002 at the age of 78, as a result of complications from a heart attack.
# Burma–Yugoslavia relations

Burma–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Burma (modern day Myanmar) and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Both countries were among founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement and U Kyaw Nyein personally attended the movement's first conference in Belgrade. During its years of rise and active participation in the world politics Yugoslavia represented a role model to Burma with many high-level Burmese officials (including U Kyaw Nyein) stating as their future political goal “to transform Burma into the Yugoslavia in Asia.” Yugoslavia and Burma found common ground in the fields of ideology and foreign policy and the League of Communists of Yugoslavia led by Vladimir Dedijer attended the 1953 Asian Socialist Conference in Rangoon. Inclusion of Yugoslavia in the Conference was particularly promoted by Burma while Yugoslavia perceived its independent participation (as the only independent European delegation) as an recognition and honor which led to the opening of Yugoslav Embassy in Rangoon during the Conference.
The 1947 Constitution of Burma closely followed the model of the 1946 Yugoslav Constitution in an effort to clearly distinguish the foundational legal document from the earlier colonial era common law. In 1953 Yugoslavia supported Burma at the United Nations following its accusation made against the nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) for aggression.
# Alexander Sedyakin

Alexander Ignatyevich Sedyakin (26 November 1893 – 29 July 1938) was a Soviet division commander and Komandarm 2nd rank. He was born in St. Petersburg, which was then the capital of the Russian Empire. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks. He fought against Finland and the pro-Finnish separatists of the Republic of East Karelia in East Karelia. On November 11, 1935, he was one of the 10 people made Komandarm 2nd rank. He received the Order of the Red Banner twice (1921 and 1922).

## Early life

Sedyakin was born in St. Petersburg, which was then the capital of the Russian Empire. He was the oldest in a family of 4 boys and a girl. A member of his family served in the Preobrazhensky Regiment. His siblings were brothers Konstantin (1898), Theophylakt (1899), Mikhail (1903) and sister Klavdia (1907). In 1908, the family moved to Kurgan. After staying briefly in Krasnoyarsk, Sedyakin worked as a surveyor in Tobolsk Governorate, in modern-day Tyumen Oblast.

## World War I

In November 1914, Sedyakin enlisted in the Imperial Russian Army. After being commissioned an officer in October 1915, he was sent to the front as a lieutenant in the 151st infantry regiment. During his two years on the front lines, he was wounded twice and was promoted to senior captain. He rose from platoon commander to company, battalion and then regiment commander. After the February Revolution in March 1917, he was made chair of the regimental committee. He was made vice chairman of the soldiers' committee for the 38th Infantry Division in May 1917 and formally joined the Bolsheviks in August 1917. After the October Revolution in November 1917, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly.

## Civil War

In March 1918, Sedyakin formally joined the Red Army alongside soldiers he had formerly commanded. In May 1918, Sedyakin was conscription officer for the 2nd Pskov Rifle Division. On 6 August 1918 Sedyakin was on Eastern Front battling the forces of Alexander Kolchak. In September 1918, he was on the Southern Front, where he was appointed commander of the 2nd Kursk Infantry Brigade in November 1918 and deputy commander of the 13th Army in January 1919. In this capacity, he battled the forces of Anton Denikin. He was appointed commander of the 3rd Rifle Brigade of Voronezh in August 1919 and the 31st Rifle Division on 12 October 1919. On 12 November 1919 he moved his forces against those of Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel until he was incapacitated by injury. From October 1920 to February 1921, Sedyakin was commander of the 10th Reserve Rifle Brigade.
He was executed during the Great Purge and posthumously rehabilitated in 1956.

## Awards

* Order of the Red Banner (1921, 1922)
* Order of Saint Stanislaus 2nd class
* Order of Saint Anna 4th class (1917)
* Saint George Sword (1917)
* To the Valiant Soldier of the Karelian Front (1933)
| Preceded byMikhail Sangursky | Commander of the 15th Rifle Division February–June 1920 | Succeeded byEduards Lepin |
| Preceded bySergei Mratschowski | Commander of the Volga Military District 1924–1927 | Succeeded byGeorgy Bazilevich |
# Burraboi

Burraboi is a community in New South Wales, Australia. It is in the southwestern part of the Riverina, about 34 kilometres (21 mi) north of Barham and 50 km south of Moulamein. At the 2016 census, Burraboi had a population of 63.
Burraboi Post Office opened on 1 July 1929 and closed in 1942 (a telephone office remained open until 1957).
Burraboi Public School first began construction in 1954, however in 2010 the school merged with Wakool Public School to create the Wakool Burraboi Public School.
The largest rice silo complex in the southern hemisphere is at Burraboi.
# Alex Williams House

The Alex William House, also known as the Greystone Hotel, is a historic house in Jackson, Mississippi. It was built in 1912 by George Thomas, an African-American building contractor, for Alex Williams, an African-American grocer. From 1922 to 1945, it belonged to the Marino family, and it became a hotel in 1950.
The house was designed in the Colonial Revival architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 3, 1979.
# Busardi

Busardi is a Thai semi-couture fashion brand founded in 2009 by Busardi Muntarbhorn and her son, Tuck Muntarbhorn. Busardi is Thailand’s first brand to show at Paris Haute Couture Week.
The brand stems from a familial tradition that can be traced back to Yoswadee Boon-Long, creator of Yoswadee, a long-standing fashion house that dressed the royal family, glamorous Thai aristocrats, and women in the government during the 1950s and 1960s.
In January 2015, Busardi made its debut in Paris haute couture with its Spring-Summer 2015 collection.
The brand is known for its use of guipure lace and fine Thai craftsmanship, and for romantic designs that fall between haute couture and ready-to-wear clothing.
# Buscaylet-de Monge 5/2

The Buscaylet-de Monge 5/2 was a 1920s French single-seat, parasol-wing fighter prototype designed by Louis de Monge for the Buscaylet et Cie company.

## Design and development

The 5/2 was based on de Monge's earlier Lumière-de Monge racer (possibly designated de Monge 5/1) and was of metal construction with both wood and metal skinning. The 5/2 was powered by a 300 hp (224 kW) Hispano-Suiza 8Fb inline piston engine. The parasol-wing fighter retained the ability inherited from the Lumière-de Monge to attach stub-wings to convert the aircraft to a sesquiplane. The aircraft was intended to use two forward-firing synchronised machine guns but they were not fitted to the prototype. The 5/2 was first flown in 1923, but after testing, it was assessed as too advanced for use and development was abandoned.

## Specification

Data from The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1924
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 7.15 m (23 ft 5 in)
* Wingspan: 10.90 m (35 ft 9 in)
* Height: 2.70 m (8 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 24.00 m$^2$ (258.3 sq ft)
* Gross weight: 1,392 kg (3,069 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza 8Fb 8-cylinder inline piston, 220 kW (300 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller, 2.25 m (7 ft 5 in) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 270 km/h (170 mph, 150 kn) at sea level; 250 km/h (160 mph; 130 kn) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
* Service ceiling: 7,500 m (24,600 ft)
* Wing loading: 58 kg/m$^2$ (12 lb/sq ft)
* Power/mass: 0.161 kW/kg (0.098 hp/lb)
Armament
* Guns: two forward-firing synchronised 0.303 in (7.70 mm) machine-guns (intended)
# Alexandre Gavard

Alexandre Gavard (25 March 1845 – 29 November 1898) was a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss Council of States (1887/88). He taught in Carouge 1864–1872.
Rue Alexandre-Gavard in Carouge is named after him.
# 2016 Summit League women's soccer tournament

The 2016 Summit League women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Summit League, held from November 3 to 5, 2016. The three match tournament was held at Dacotah Field in Fargo, North Dakota. The four team single-elimination tournament consisted of two rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The South Dakota State Jackrabbits were the three-time defending tournament champions after defeating the North Dakota State Bison 3–0 in the championship match in 2015.

## Bracket

| Semifinals Thursday, November 3 | Semifinals Thursday, November 3 | Semifinals Thursday, November 3 | Final Saturday, November 5 | Final Saturday, November 5 | Final Saturday, November 5 |
| 1 | North Dakota State | 0 | | | |
| 4 | Oral Roberts | 2 | | | |
| 4 | Oral Roberts | 2 | 4 | Oral Roberts | 0 (2) |
| | | | 3 | South Dakota State | 0 (3) |
| 2 | Denver | 1 (2) | 3 | South Dakota State | 0 (3) |
| 3 | South Dakota State | 1 (4) | | | |
# Boston Business Journal

The Boston Business Journal is a weekly, business-oriented newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts. It is published by the American City Business Journals.

## History

The newspaper was founded by Robert Bergenheim and launched its first issue on March 2, 1981. The newspaper was originally named "P&L The Boston Business Journal" ("P&L" stood for profit and loss). However, "P&L" was later dropped from the name. Bergenheim was a former publisher of the Boston Herald. Before that, he was an editor at The Christian Science Monitor.
# Bornel

Bornel is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. On 1 January 2016, the former communes Anserville and Fosseuse were merged into Bornel. Bornel—Belle-Église station has rail connections to Beauvais and Paris.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 550 | — |
| 1821 | 555 | +0.03% |
| 1846 | 563 | +0.06% |
| 1872 | 979 | +2.15% |
| 1901 | 1,115 | +0.45% |
| 1926 | 1,527 | +1.27% |
| 1946 | 1,501 | −0.09% |
| 1962 | 1,910 | +1.52% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1968 | 2,122 | +1.77% |
| 1975 | 2,150 | +0.19% |
| 1982 | 2,625 | +2.89% |
| 1990 | 2,988 | +1.63% |
| 1999 | 3,300 | +1.11% |
| 2007 | 4,841 | +4.91% |
| 2012 | 4,734 | −0.45% |
| 2017 | 4,817 | +0.35% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (2007-2017) :
# Acanthocasuarina acutivalvis

Acanthocasuarina acutivalvis is a species of jumping plant louse, first found on plants of the genus Allocasuarina in Australia. The species is characterised by exhibiting an elongate habitus; short Rs and short cubital forewing cells; ventral genal processes beneath the apical margin of its vertex; short antennae; and nymphs that are elongate and very sclerotised (scale-like). It possesses rhinaria on its fourth, sixth, eighth and ninth antennal segments; the species' hind tibia has one outer and two inner spurs, while the female's proctiger carries an apical hook posteriorly.
# Axel Eriksson

Axel Eriksson may refer to:
* Axel Eriksson (athlete) (1903–1960), Swedish Olympic athlete
* Axel Eriksson (rower) (1884–1975), Swedish Olympic oarsman
* Axel Wilhelm Eriksson (1846–1901), Swedish explorer and trader in Africa
# Barbara Strauch

Barbara Ellen Strauch (May 10, 1951 – April 15, 2015) was an American author, reporter, and newspaper editor. In 1992, she and the New York Newsday staff won the Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Reporting.

## Biography

She was born in Evanston, Illinois to Frederic Strauch Jr., and Claire Christiansen. The family later moved to California. Her father worked as an electrical engineer, while her mother was a reporter for the Daily Pilot. Strauch attended the University of California, Berkeley and graduated with a bachelor's degree in English. She then worked for newspapers in New England, Venezuela, and Houston, before joining the New York Newsday, where she became a senior editor. The paper ceased publication in 1995, and Strauch joined The New York Times. She covered science as an assistant editor from 2000 to 2004, when she was named the health editor. She became the head science editor in 2011, and held the position until 2015. She died, aged 63, at her home in Rye, New York of breast cancer in April 2015.
She was married to Richard Breeden, with whom she had two children.

## Books

* —— (2003). The Primal Teen: What the New Discoveries about the Teenage Brain Help Us about Our Kids. Doubleday. ISBN 9780385503396.
* —— (2003). Why are They So Weird?: What's Really Going on in a Teenager's Brain. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9780747563167.
* —— (2010). The Secret Life of the Grown-up Brain: The Surprising Talents of the Middle-Aged Mind. Penguin. ISBN 9781101190081.
# Acraeini

The Acraeini are a tribe of butterflies of the subfamily Heliconiinae in the family Nymphalidae.

## Genera

The recognized genera are:
* Abananote Potts, 1943
* Acraea Fabricius, 1807 – acraeas
* Actinote Hübner, [1819] – actinotes
* Altinote Potts, 1943 – altinotes
* Bematistes Hemming, 1935
* Cethosia (Fabricius, 1807) – lacewings
* Miyana (Fruhstorfer, 1914)
The genus Acraea is highly paraphyletic and needs to be redelimited. This will possibly re-establish the old genus Telchinia, and perhaps others.
The genus Pardopsis Trimen, 1887, previously included in Acraeini, has tentatively been moved to the Argynnini tribe.
# Biological Trace Element Research

Biological Trace Element Research is a journal established in 1979 and published by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is M.F. Flores-Arce (International Association of Bioorganic Scientists). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.738.
# Acraea violarum

Acraea violarum, the speckled red acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae which is native to southern Africa.

## Range

It is found in KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal, Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique. It is a variable species with a number of described morphs including form violarum, form assimilis and form gracilis.

## Description

The wingspan is 40–48 mm for males and 43–55 mm for females. A. violarum Bdv. (55 a). Wings above with dull brick-red to grey-red to grey (female) ground-colour and large black dots; forewing with fine black marginal line, which is widened at the apex into a spot 2 mm. in breadth, and with 6 submarginal dots (in 1b to 6); both wings above more or less darkened at the base; marginal band of the hindwing with the proximal boundary lunulate; under surface almost as the upper, but the marginal band of the hindwing with large whitish spots and the forewing at the apex with small marginal spots of the same colour. South Africa to Angola and Mashonaland.

## Biology

Adults are on wing year round, with a peak from July to November.
The larvae feed on Basananthe sandersonii. Adults have been found feeding on flower nectar of Scabious species.

## Taxonomy

It is a member of the Acraea cepheus species group – but see also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014.
# Bill Smith (soccer)

Bill Smith is a former Canadian soccer player. He was a Canadian champion with North Shore FC in 1949.
In the Pacific Coast League, Smith won four championships with three teams: once with Vancouver Boeing FC (1943–44), twice with North Shore FC (1948–49 and 1950–51), and once with Vancouver Canadians (1962–63). He was a British Columbia All-Star in four seasons from 1946 to 1961.
# Acanthostichus bentoni

Acanthostichus bentoni is a species of ant belonging to the genus Acanthostichus. It was described by Mackay in 1996. These ants are distributed in Brazil.
# Abuja Thermal Power Station

Abuja Thermal Power Station is a planned 1,350 MW natural gas-fired thermal power plant in Nigeria. It is planned as an IPP project.

## Location

The power plant would be located on 54.7 hectares (135 acres) of land in the community of Dukpa, in the Gwagwalada Area Council of the city of Abuja, Nigeria's capital. Gwagwalada is located approximately 51 kilometres (32 mi), west of Abuja Federal Capital.

## Overview

Abuja Thermal Power Station is a collaborative effort between (a) the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), which will supply the natural gas (b) the government of the United States, a donor to the project (c) General Electric Nigeria (GE Nigeria), who will supply the gas turbines and (d) a yet to be identified independent power producer. When completed, the power station is expected to produce 1,350 megawatts of electricity, which will be connected to the Nigerian national electricity grid.

## Development

Natural gas to this power project is expected to be delivered via the Ajaokuta–Kaduna–Kano Natural Gas Pipeline, which was under development, as of 2020. The pipeline and the power station are intended to take advantage of the abundant natural gas sources in Nigeria's upstream petroleum operations, and use that gas for industrial and domestic purposes, to spur economic development.
In February 2020, the United States Trade and Development Agency (USTDA), donated US$1.16 million towards the development of this power station.
# Acrobasis hemichlaena

Acrobasis hemichlaena is a species of snout moth in the genus Acrobasis. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1887. It is found in Australia.
# Acrobasis homoeosomidia

Acrobasis homoeosomidia is a species of snout moth in the genus Acrobasis. It was described by George Hampson in 1901. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia.
# Birger

Birger is a Scandinavian name from Old Norse, bjarga, meaning "to help, to save, to protect". It is widely used in Norway as Birger but also as Børge. The Swedish variant of Birger would soon evolve into Börje, however, the prior form would remain common, and was not confused with its successor. The Icelandic form is Birgir. Birger is primarily a masculine given name, but can also be found as a surname.

## Birger
### Given name
#### Middle Ages

* Birger, King of Sweden (1280–1321)
* Birger Brosa (died 1202), Swedish jarl
* Birger Gregersson (c. 1327 – 1383), Archbishop of Uppsala
* Birger Jarl (1210–1266), Swedish statesman
* Birger Persson (died 1327), Swedish magnate, knight, privy councillor and Uppland's first lawspeaker

#### Modern world

* Birger Asplund (1929–2023), Swedish hammer thrower
* Birger Carlstedt (1907–1975), Finnish artist
* Birger Cederin (1895–1942), Swedish fencer
* Birger Dahlerus (1891–1957), Swedish businessman and amateur diplomat
* Birger Ekeberg (1880–1968), Swedish jurist
* Birger Eriksen (1875–1958), Norwegian colonel who repelled the initial German World War II invasion force
* Birger Gröning (born 1975), German politician
* Birger Hedqvist (1894–1964), Swedish lieutenant general
* Birger Ljungberg (1884–1967), Norwegian military officer, politician and Minister of Defence from 1939 to 1942
* Birger Ljungström (1872–1948), Swedish engineer, technical designer, industrialist and inventor
* Birger Malmsten (1920–1991), Swedish actor
* Birger Sandzén (1871–1954), Swedish-American painter
* Birger Sjöberg (1885–1929), Swedish poet and songwriter

### Surname

* Charles Birger (1881–1928), American bootlegger
* Hugo Birger (1854–1887), Swedish painter
* Malene Birger (born 1962), Danish fashion designer
* Pablo Birger (1924–1966), Argentine racing driver
* Trudi Birger (1927–2002), German Holocaust survivor and writer

## Birgir

Birgir is used in Iceland and the Faroes. In 2016, 1045 people had Birgir as a first given name in Iceland, and 285 had it as a second name.
* Birgir Þórarinsson (born 1965), Icelandic politician
* Birgir Ísleifur Gunnarsson (1936–2019), Icelandic politician