OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iterative Viterbi decoding

Iterative Viterbi decoding is an algorithm that spots the subsequence S of an observation O = {o$_1$, ..., o$_n$} having the highest average probability (i.e., probability scaled by the length of S) of being generated by a given hidden Markov model M with m states. The algorithm uses a modified Viterbi algorithm as an internal step.
The scaled probability measure was first proposed by John S. Bridle. An early algorithm to solve this problem, sliding window, was proposed by Jay G. Wilpon et al., 1989, with constant cost T = mn$^2$/2.
A faster algorithm consists of an iteration of calls to the Viterbi algorithm, reestimating a filler score until convergence.

## The algorithm

A basic (non-optimized) version, finding the sequence s with the smallest normalized distance from some subsequence of t is:
The ViterbiDistance procedure returns the tuple (e, B, E), i.e., the Viterbi score "e" for the match of t and the selected entry (B) and exit (E) points from it. "B" and "E" have to be recorded using a simple modification to Viterbi.
A modification that can be applied to CYK tables, proposed by Antoine Rozenknop, consists in subtracting e from all elements of the initial matrix d.
# Cryptandromyces elegans

Cryptandromyces elegans is a species of fungus in the family Laboulbeniaceae. It is found in the Netherlands.
# Labdia clopaea

Labdia clopaea is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It is found in Sri Lanka.
# Burbank, Utah

Burbank is a small farming unincorporated community located on the western edge of Millard County, Utah, United States, just east of the Nevada border. It is located in the southern part of Snake Valley, near the opening (northern border) of Hamlin Valley.

## History

It was founded as a Mormon farming community in the 1870s, with an early post office located at the Dearden Ranch. It was named after Margie Burbank Clay, the wife of local Judge E. W. Clay. Margie's obituary states that it was named in August 1949 after her mother when she, Margie, was age 96. Her mother was Laura Ann (Willard) Burbank (1819-1893). Clay was used as the name of the major spring that was first used by the settlers. This spring is the main source of water for Pruess Lake, to the north. Outlaws, cattle rustlers, and uncertainty over the local water sources caused the abandonment of the community, with the exception of the Dearden Ranch.
The Dearden Ranch was started in 1886 and has been home to the Dearden family ever since. The local springs that flow into Lake Creek have been informally named after the ranch, but are not named on maps or other documents, with the exception of water rights documents, which do name it Dearden Springs.
# Burntime

Burntime is a strategy/RPG video game for MS-DOS and Amiga produced by Max Design in 1993.

## Plot

The game is set in a post-apocalyptic future, based on the three stages of every civilized society: ascent, heyday, and downfall. Burntime starts at the end of a flourishing civilization. The main goal of the game is to conquer the remaining habitable areas, as well as to survive.

## Gameplay

To progress through this game the player must establish sources of food and water. The player must then clear out hostiles and hire mercenaries to guard the location. Armor can be found in the form of protective suits, and all elements of a suit must be collected for full protection.
There are three classes of mercenaries: doctors, technicians, and fighters. Fighters are good at defending areas and killing monsters. Technicians are needed to combine scrap items to produce working items (for example, wire, plus screws, plus a woodpile will produce a rat trap, a great source of food and income). Finally, doctors will heal the player and his men if he keeps them over a period of time.
# Cassissuchus

Cassissuchus is an extinct genus of gobiosuchid crocodyliform known from the Early Cretaceous Calizas de La Huérgina Formation in Spain. It contains a single species, Cassissuchus sanziuami.
# Acronicta lepetita

Acronicta lepetita is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America, including Texas.
# Carsten Richardson

Carsten Richardson was an early 17th-century Holsteinian-Danish naval officer and Arctic explorer. He was the commander of King Christian IV's final expedition to Greenland.
Carsten Richardson was in command of one of five ships in the 1606 expedition to Greenland led by Godske Lindenov and sent by Christian IV of Denmark to locate the lost Eastern Norse Settlement and to assert Danish sovereignty. In the following year, Richardson was made leader of a failed expedition with the same purpose, equipped with two ships – the flagship Trost ("Consolation") and Grønlandske Bark ("Greenland Bark") – and 44 men. Dense sea ice prevented them from landing on the Greenland coast, which was in sight.
# Acer distylum

Acer distylum, the lime-leaved maple or linden leaved maple, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, native to north Honshu Island of Japan. Its closest relative is Acer nipponicum, with which it is grouped in the Acer section Parviflora. The species is noted for its 10–15 cm (4–6 in) unlobed leaves, the like of which are not found in any other maple species. The bark is grayish, and has a pink cast in young specimens. Acer distylum was first described by Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini in 1845, and later brought to Europe by Charles Maries in 1879.

## Distribution

Acer distylum is endemic to Japan, growing on fertile soils in the northern part of Honshu, but even there it is rather rare.

## Habitat and ecology

Acer distylum can be found mostly in woodland or garden canopy. Acer distylum is a treelike shrub to 10 m tall under favorable conditions, otherwise a much smaller shrub, with yellow-gray branches that are rather densely branched. Charles Maries introduced it in 1879 to Great Britain for Veitch Nursery, although Siebold and Zuccarini made the description in 1845. It is rather rare in Great Britain, but good specimens can be found in several gardens and collections.

## Morphology

Deciduous trees or large shrubs, small to medium height (5–10 m tall), yellow-gray branches that are rather densely branched. Leaves are undivided, deeply cordate, margins crenate, ovate, not lobed, 10–15 cm long and 5–8 cm wide, gray-green. Undersides pale green, shining and glabrous, pinkish gray when young. The fall color is yellow. Flowers are sepals hairy; discs lobed; stamens inserted between the lobes.

## Flowers and fruit

Acer distylum has pale green inflorescences that are 7–10 cm long, and flower in May to June, fruits 3–3.5 cm. The flowers are monoecious. The flowers' sepals are hairy, discs lobed, and stamens inserted between the lobes. Yellow on very erect spikes, small, nodding from the erect pedicels. Fruits are born on conspicuous erect racemes; nutlets with rounded wings about 3 cm long.
# Adam Shortt

Adam Shortt CMG FRSC (1859–1931) was an economic historian in Ontario. He was the first full-time employed academic in the field at a Canadian university (Queen's University).

## Biography

Shortt was born in Kilworth, Canada West, on 24 November 1859 to George Shortt and Mary Shields. At the age of twenty he attended Queen's University with the intention of becoming a Presbyterian minister. When he graduated in 1883 however, he pursued graduate studies in philosophy, chemistry and botany.
In 1886 Shortt married Elizabeth Smith, one of the first women to receive a medical degree in Canada; they had two daughters and a son together. The same year he began working as a tutor for John Watson, and in 1887 was appointed a lecturer in the field of political economy at Queen's. In 1891 he was the first to be appointed the John A. Macdonald Professor of Political Science. While a lecturer at Queen's, he was appointed as the editor of The Queen's Journal and is largely credited with moving the paper from a strict focus on campus matters to a more mixed discussion on all university interests, particularly to broaden the readership amongst alumni. He is credited with establishing the first card catalogue at the Queen's Library.
Regarded as the father of professional economics in Canada, Shortt took a historical approach as differentiated from economic theory, as he believed that the economics of nations depend on natural resources, geographic location, and specific economic attributes. Shortt went on to Glasgow University for his master's degree in political economy. He is most well known for his research into the history of Canadian banking and for his association with the National Archives of Canada.
In 1906 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and a commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1911. He received the Royal Society of Canada's J. B. Tyrrell Historical Medal in 1930. At the time of his death on 14 January 1931, he was a chairman of the Board of Historical Publications at the National Archives, a position he had held since 1918.

## Select publications

* 1898: The Early History of Canadian Banking: Canadian Currency and Exchange Under French Rule, Journal of the Canadian Bankers' Association via Internet Archive
* 1904: Imperial Preferential Trade from a Canadian Point of View. Toronto : Morang. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
* 1907: The Taxation of Public Service Corporations. Columbus, National Tax Association. 1907.
* 1909: Lord Sydenham. Toronto, Morang. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
# Acrylicize

Acrylicize is a studio of artists, designers and craftsmen.

## History

Acrylicize was founded in 2003 by artist James Burke during his final year while studying contemporary arts at Manchester Metropolitan University. The exhibition consisted of several ink-designed acrylic pieces with mock price tags which people took for real. After the majority of the exhibits had sold, Burke formed the company, and was joined by Paul Arad, a business graduate, joined six months later.
Acrylicize's commissions include Spotify, Amazon, Microsoft, Wimbledon Tennis Club, The Office Group, The Coca-Cola Company, H. J. Heinz Company, Google, Moet Hennessey, Deloitte and Touche, Helical Bar, University of Hull campus, Heathrow Airport Terminals 3 & 5, London Luton Airport, the BBC Media Village in White City, Addison Lee and The Office Group and others. Acrylicize completed interior work for several of the UK's stadiums including Wembley Stadium, the Emirates Stadium, Twickenham and the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.

## Awards

In November 2014, Acrylicize were named 'Breakthrough Talent' at the FX Awards, hosted by FX Magazine. They were also awarded 'Best Product Award' from the British Interior Design Association in 2003. In 2010, they were nominated for Business of the Year at the TrainE-TradiE awards. In 2012, Acrylicize were awarded the TrainE TraidE Business of the Year title.

## Media coverage

Articles covering Acrylicize have been published in The Independent, The Evening Standard, Metro, the front cover of FX, OnOffice, Hypebeast and Design Exchange, and others.
# Adamsville, Kansas

Adamsville is an unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. It is located about 4 miles north of Geuda Springs at 0.5 mile west of the intersection of S Oxford Rd and E 80th St, next to an abandoned railroad.

## History

A post office was opened in Adamsville in 1925, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1931.
A railroad previously passed through the community, north to south, from Oxford to Geuda Springs.

## Education

The community is served by Oxford USD 358 public school district.
# Adamsville, Sumter County, Florida

Adamsville is an unincorporated community located in Sumter County, Florida, United States. The community is served by the 34785 ZIP Code.

## Geography

Adamsville is bordered by Coleman to the west; Lake County to the east; Wildwood to the north, and Sumterville to the south.

## Education

The community of Adamsville is served by Sumter County Schools, which serves the entire county.
# Adelaide of Auxerre

    Some of these individuals are referred to as Adelais in some sources. For other people referred to as Adelais, see Adelais
Adelaide of Auxerre or Adelaide of Burgundy can be used interchangeably and may refer to:
* Adelaide of Auxerre (born c. 849) (c. 849 – c. 929), daughter of Conrad II, Duke of Transjurane Burgundy Count of Auxerre and Waldrada of Worms, wife of Richard, Duke of Burgundy
* Adelaide of Burgundy (born c. 896), daughter of Richard, Duke of Burgundy and Adelaide of Auxerre (b. c. 849), wife of Reginar II, Count of Hainaut
* Adelaide of Upper Burgundy (fl. 914), daughter of Rudolph I of Burgundy, wife of Louis the Blind
* Adelaide of Burgundy (920–967), daughter of Gilbert, Duke of Burgundy and Ermengarde Lietaud, count of Maçon, wife of Robert, count of Vermandois
* Adelaide of Italy (931–999), also known as Adelaid of Burgundy, wife of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
* Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant (1233–1273), daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy and Yolande of Dreux, wife of Henry III, Duke of Brabant
* Adelaide, Countess of Auxerre (1251–1290), daughter of Odo, Count of Nevers and Matilda II, Countess of Nevers, wife of John I of Chalon-Auxerre
# Castleside

Castleside is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated a short distance to the south-west of Consett. Castleside is covered by the civil parish of Healeyfield.The village centre is located on the main A68 road which runs between Edinburgh and Darlington and the village crossroads allow easy access to Consett, the North Pennines and Stanhope. To the northeast lie other small villages called Moorside and The Grove.
The parish church, dedicated to St John, was designed by Ewan Christian and is a reproduction of a church he had seen and admired while on holiday in Switzerland. The church was consecrated on 7 March 1867.
There was a Wesleyan Chapel at Watergate, Castleside, which was erected in 1805. The chapel was extended in 1877 and closed in 1970. A Primitive Methodist chapel was erected in 1843 on the Consett Road, and extended in 1884. It closed in the 1990s and is now a residence.
The nearby dwelling of Wharnley Burn is a 14th century cottage and was home to the moss trooper Thomas Raw (d. 1714). He was buried in a field near his home believing he could not be buried in a church. In the early 1860s the grave was opened and the grave slab removed, supposedly to Satley.
The road to Consett, running north east, leads to the small villages of Moorside and The Grove.
Moorside is a large post-World War II housing estate. It was originally the lands of Consett Park mentioned in 1352 as "half of the manor of Conkesbeved, excepting the park of Conkesheved [now Consett Park]". (Conkesheved being the name for Consett). The manor of Consett and the park of Consett seem to have been two separate entities. The "park of Consett", in 1437, was leased to Henry Vasey. It is unclear who held the lands later, however in the 1850s Consett Park had been owned by the Rippon family for over 200 years, acquired in 1635 by Charles Rippon.
A row of terraced housing was built (1896-1900) on the brow of the hill and called Consett Park Terrace. The housing estate was built after the Second World War with the streets named after English counties. A second phase of building took places in the 1950s including the building of a Roman Catholic church, St Pius X, built in 1954 to designs by the local architect Anthony Joseph Rossi (1916-1971). The church was demolished in 2009 and replaced by a smaller church in the same year. As part of the 1950s building phase, the buildings of Consett Park were demolished. They were located near the intersection of Sussex Road and Surrey Crescent.
A light industrial estate was established in 1950 in the Castleside/Moorside area.
# Catalina Speroni

Catalina Speroni (January 1, 1938 – December 21, 2010) was an Argentine film, stage and television actress whose career spanned more than 40 years.
Her film credits included Felicidades, Cómpices, Tatuado and El despertar de L. Her television credits included roles on Campeones de la Vida, Calabromas and La familia Benvenuto.

## Death

Speroni died on December 21, 2010, at the age of 72 after an illness. She was buried at the cemetery in the Chacarita neighborhood of Buenos Aires.
# Adefovir

Adefovir is a prescription medicine used to treat (chronic) infections with hepatitis B virus. A prodrug form of adefovir was previously called bis-POM PMEA, with trade names Preveon and Hepsera. It is an orally administered nucleotide analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (ntRTI). It can be formulated as the pivoxil prodrug adefovir dipivoxil.

## Uses

It is used for treatment of hepatitis B.
Trials of adefovir in patients with HIV have not shown any clear benefits.

## History

Adefovir was invented in the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic by Antonín Holý, and the drug was developed by Gilead Sciences for HIV with the brand name Preveon. However, in November 1999, an expert panel advised the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) not to approve the drug due to concerns about the severity and frequency of kidney toxicity when dosed at 60 or 120 mg. The FDA followed that advice, refusing to approve adefovir as a treatment for HIV.
Gilead Sciences discontinued its development for HIV treatment in December 1999, but continued to develop the drug for hepatitis B (HBV), where it is effective with a much lower dose of 10 mg. FDA approval for use in the treatment of hepatitis B was granted on September 20, 2002, and adefovir is sold for this indication under the brand name Hepsera. Adefovir became an approved treatment for HBV in the European Union in March 2003.

## Mechanism of action

Adefovir works by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme crucial for the HBV to reproduce in the body. It is approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with evidence of active viral replication and either evidence of persistent elevations in serum aminotransferases (primarily ALT) or histologically active disease.
The main benefit of adefovir over lamivudine (the first NRTI approved for the treatment of HBV) is that it takes a much longer period of time for the virus to develop resistance to it.
Adefovir dipivoxil contains two pivaloyloxymethyl units, making it a prodrug form of adefovir.
# Adapt-N

Adapt-N is a precision nitrogen management solution operated by Agronomic Technology Corp. It was developed at Cornell University. It examines soil, weather, crop, field management data to provide an always-on, field-specific nitrogen recommendation that has been shown to improve financial and environmental performance.
Adapt-N simulates the nitrogen cycle, including nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification through a combination of soil, weather, crop and field management modeling.

## History

Adapt-N was funded by several foundations, agronomy groups and the USDA, and started development in 2004 through Cornell University, though some of its thirteen underlying model components have been developed and calibrated since the 1980s. Adapt-N was launched for testing in 2008, field tested with replicated strip trials starting in 2011, and launched commercially on April 1, 2014. The solution is meant to provide improved nutrient management for farmers applying nitrogen to their crops through more accurate, financially beneficial and measurable outcomes.
The commercial launch was executed by Agronomic Technology Corp (ATC) which is a member of Cornell's McGovern Center.
Agronomic Technology Corporation raised an undisclosed amount of funding in the seed round, consisting of investment by farmers.
In November, 2017, ATC and Adapt-N were acquired by the multinational chemical company Yara International.
# Administrative, Technical and Electronic Association of South Africa

The Administrative, Technical and Electronic Association of South Africa (ATEASA) was a trade union representing supervisory workers in South Africa.
The union was established in 1996, when the Administrative and Technical Officials' Association merged with the South African Technical Officials' Association. The South African Electrical Workers' Association was involved in the merger negotiations, but decided against affiliating. The union affiliated with the Federation of South African Labour Unions. Simon Moshesh was elected as the union's president, and Koos Bezuidenhout as its managing director.
On 1 April 1998, the union merged with the Officials' Association of South Africa, to form the United Association of South Africa.
# Adelomelon beckii

Adelomelon beckii, common name the Beck's volute, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 150 mm and 495 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Atlantic coast of South America and off the Falkland Islands.
# Castelló de Farfanya

Castelló de Farfanya (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the comarca of the Noguera in Catalonia, Spain.
It is home to remains of a medieval castle owned by the Counts of Urgell.
# Admiral Barton

Admiral Barton may refer to:
* Andrew Barton (privateer) (c. 1466–1511), Lord High Admiral of Scotland
* John Kennedy Barton (1853–1921), U.S. Navy rear admiral
* Matthew Barton (Royal Navy officer) (c. 1715–1795), British Royal Navy admiral
# Admiral Beauchamp

Admiral Beauchamp may refer to:
* John Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp of Warwick (c. 1316–1360), English Admiral of the Fleet
* Thomas Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick (1338–1401), English Admiral of the North
* Sir William Beauchamp-Proctor, 3rd Baronet (1781–1861), British Royal Navy admiral
# Castiglione d'Adda

Castiglione d'Adda (Lodigiano: Castiòn) is a town and comune in the province of Lodi, in Lombardy, northern Italy.
Sights include the medieval castle (later Palazzo Pallavicino Serbelloni), with a 16th-century façade, and the 16th century parish church.
# Castra of Livezile

The castra of Livezile was a castra in the Roman province of Dacia, located in the north side of the modern commune of Livezile in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. The fort was erected and surrounded by a ditch in the 2nd century AD. The castra was abandoned in the 3rd century and its ruins are still visible.
# Cattle Call (album)

Cattle Call is an album by American country music singer Eddy Arnold, released by RCA Victor in August 1963. The album features a number of western standards, as well as a new recording of "The Cattle Call", which was a chart-topping hit for Arnold in 1955. "(Jim) I Wore a Tie Today" had also previously been released as a single. Produced by Chet Atkins, Cattle Call was Arnold's first album to make Billboard's album charts.

## Track listing

* "The Streets of Laredo" (Traditional) (3:09)
* "Cool Water" (Bob Nolan) (3:40)
* "Cattle Call" (Tex Owens) (2:46)
* "Leanin' on the Old Top Rail" (Charles Kenny, Nick Kenny) (2:10)
* "Ole Faithful" (Michael Carr, Jimmy Kennedy) (1:54)
* "A Cowboy's Dream" (Traditional) (3:30)
* "The Wayward Wind" (Stanley Lebowsky, Herb Newman) (3:11)
* "Tumbling Tumbleweeds" (Bob Nolan) (2:41)
* "Cowpoke" (Stan Jones) (2:23)
* "Where the Mountains Meet the Sky" (Sammy Kaye) (1:59)
* "Sierra Sue" (Joseph Buell Carey) (2:44)
* "Carry Me Back to the Lone Prairie" (Carson Robison) (2:20)
* "(Jim) I Wore a Tie Today" (Cindy Walker) (2:39)
# Admiral Bligh (disambiguation)

William Bligh (1754–1817) was a Royal Navy rear admiral. Admiral Bligh may refer to:
* John Bligh (Royal Navy officer) (1770–1831), British Royal Navy rear admiral
* Richard Rodney Bligh (1737–1821), British Royal Navy admiral
# Admiral Brooke

Admiral Brooke may refer to:
* Basil Brooke (Royal Navy officer, born 1895) (1895–1983), British Royal Navy vice admiral
* Richard Brooke (Norton) (died 1569), Vice-Admiral of England
* George Brooke-Pechell (1789–1860), British Royal Navy vice-admiral