OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Caterpillar inflation

Caterpillar inflation is a method of specimen preservation found in insect collecting, used mostly during the 19th and early 20th century.
As a method of preservation it has largely been replaced by freeze drying and preservation in alcohol. In some cases caterpillar inflation offers better colour retention than preservation in alcohol, although the rise of colour photography rendered this less important.
A limitation of the technique was that it could produce poor results, in the form of oversized and distended specimens with poor colour, especially if carried out when the caterpillar was moulting or about to undergo pupation.
Colour retention was not always perfect and some collectors painted or dyed their inflated specimens although water colours could distort the skin.

## Technique

The caterpillar was first killed. If it was hairy then it was soaked in alcohol for half an hour before being left to dry out. The rear of the caterpillar was then cut open and the contents of the bowels squeezed out by applying gentle pressure to the outside of the caterpillar. Pressure would be applied, working from the rear towards the front of the caterpillar, until the intestines started to protrude from the cut. Forceps would then be used to pull the intestines from the caterpillar's body which would in turn drag out most of the rest of the caterpillar's innards with them. A straw was then inserted into the cut, and air blown into it while the caterpillar was gently heated in order to dry it. For an experienced practitioner the entire process took about 5 to 6 minutes.
Once the caterpillar was dry it was ready to be prepared for mounting. This was done by pushing a loop of wire coated in shellac into the caterpillar via the cut, after which the wire was attached to an entomological pin for mounting in a storage cabinet.
Various devices, such as miniature alcohol heated ovens, were developed to apply the techniques with different entomologists taking different approaches.
A closely related technique was to inject the caterpillar with wax after the organ removal stage.
# 1961–62 OB I bajnoksag season

The 1961–62 OB I bajnokság season was the 25th season of the OB I bajnokság, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Six teams participated in the league, and Ferencvarosi TC won the championship.

## Regular season

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | Ferencvárosi TC | 15 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 103:48 | 26 |
| 2. | Újpesti Dózsa SC | 15 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 113:49 | 23 |
| 3. | BVSC Budapest | 15 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 57:38 | 17 |
| 4. | Vörös Meteor Budapest | 15 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 77:52 | 15 |
| 5. | Építõk Budapest | 15 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 49:87 | 7 |
| 6. | Postás Budapest | 15 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 32:157 | 2 |
# Arapatiella psilophylla

Arapatiella psilophylla is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae.
The plant is endemic to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion in southeastern Brazil.
# Eisenwerke Oberdonau

Eisenwerke Oberdonau (German for Steel Works of Upper Danube) was a large steel and iron producing company, a holding of several steel works in southern Germany. Created after the Anschluss of Austria, it formed the part of the so-called Reichswerke Hermann Göring AG cartel, the main supplier of steel and iron for the German war industry during World War II. It is also argued that it was the largest steel mill complex in Europe at that time.
The main steel factory in Linz supplied its products to the nearby factories of tank hulls and turrets at Sankt Valentin (so-called Nibelungenwerk). Throughout the war, the company also ran two sub-camps of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp where it benefited from the slave labour of inmates held there.
# AIDS Research and Therapy

AIDS Research and Therapy is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal covering research on HIV/AIDS. It was established in 2004 and is published by BioMed Central. The editors-in-chief are Eric Arts (University of Western Ontario) and Mark Boyd (Kirby Institute). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 2.357.
# Candice Sanders

Candice Marie Sanders (born February 21, 1977) is a former beauty pageant contestant from Brownsville, Tennessee.
Sanders first competed in the Miss USA pageant system in 2000 when she placed first runner-up in the Miss Tennessee USA pageant. The following year she repeated that placement, placing first runner-up to Allison Alderson. In 2002, after moving to California to attend college, Sanders competed in California as Miss Greater Los Angeles USA and won the Miss California USA 2003 title in her first attempt in that state.
Sanders represented California in the Miss USA 2003 pageant broadcast live from San Antonio, Texas in March 2003, but did not place. The nationally televised event was won by Susie Castillo of Massachusetts.
On New Year's Eve, December 31, 2006, Sanders filed an action alleging domestic abuse against sportscaster Jim Lampley. She claims that she received "injuries to my head, neck and back from his throwing me against the walls and door" of his Encinitas, CA apartment, and that he had been drinking and smoking marijuana before attacking her. Lampley posted bail of $35,500. On February 22, 2007, Lampley pleaded no contest to a minor violation of a temporary restraining order and all charges of domestic violence were dissolved. San Diego County prosecutors found "insufficient evidence" to charge him. Lampley, however, issued a public apology to Sanders and her family.
At the time of her reign, Sanders was a student at Pepperdine University pursuing a double major in religion and creative writing. She was the second Pepperdine student to win the title, following Shannon Marketic who held the Miss California USA and Miss USA titles in 1992.
# Benedetto Ghiglia

Benedetto Ghiglia (27 December 1921 – 4 July 2012) was an Italian composer, conductor and pianist.

## Life and career

Born in Fiesole, Ghiglia graduated in composition and piano from the Florence Conservatory. He then started an activity as a chamber musician, both as solo and in couple with cellist Pietro Grossi.
Since the early 1950s Ghiglia focused his career on composing film scores, often working in the documentary genre. In 1976 he formed the stage company "Teatro-Canzone" with his wife Adriana Martino. He also composed incidental music for all the stage plays by Mario Missiroli. Between 1980 and 1985 he was vice-president of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma.

## Selected filmography

* Adiós gringo (1965)
* Six Days a Week (1965)
* Espionage in Tangier (1965)
* I Knew Her Well (1965)
* Balearic Caper (1966)
* Secret Agent Super Dragon (1966)
* 4 Dollars of Revenge (1966)
* A Stranger in Town (1967)
* The Strange Night (1967)
* Pigsty (1969)
* Corbari (1970)
* Tulips of Haarlem (1970)
* Lover of the Great Bear (1971)
* St. Michael Had a Rooster (1972)
* Trevico-Turin: Voyage in Fiatnam (1973)
* To Forget Venice (1979)
# Adolfo Ferrata

Adolfo Ferrata (26 April 1880 in Brescia – 9 March 1946) was an Italian pathologist and hematologist.
In 1904 he earned his medical degree from the University of Parma, spending the following years performing scientific research in clinics at Parma, Berlin and Naples. From 1921 to 1924 he was a professor of special medical pathology at the Universities of Messina and Siena, afterwards serving as a professor of clinical medicine at the University of Pavia, a position he kept for the remainder of his career.
Among his contributions to medical science are investigations on the structure and embryology of the kidney, research on the morphology of intestinal villi and haematopoietic studies in normal and pathological conditions. In his research of haematopoiesis, Ferrata helped demonstrate the systemic nature of leukemia, leading him to support an hypothesis that elements of the blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and blood platelets) all originate from the hemocytoblast, a direct descendant of a mesenchymal cell, which he referred to as an emoistioblasto (hemohistioblast).
In 1907 he was the first scientist to show that the complement could be split into two components that were singularly inactive, only regaining their activity when reunited.
In 1920 Ferrata founded the journal "Haematologica".

## Associated eponym

* "Ferrata cell": A primordial mesenchymal cell, also known as an hemohistioblast (hematohistioblast).
# Black Scots

Black Scottish may refer to:
* Anglo-Métis, Canadian children of fur traders, who had Anglo fathers and Canadian first nation non african/black mothers
* Black Scottish people, who represent approximately 0.7 percent of the total population of Scotland
# A Gudiña

A Gudiña (Galician pronunciation:) is a municipality in the province of Ourense, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Viana.
# 147 Squadron

147 Squadron may refer to:
* 147 Squadron (Israel)
* No. 147 Squadron RCAF, Canada
* No. 147 Squadron RAF, United Kingdom
* 147th Aero Squadron, United States Army Air Service
* 147th Air Refueling Squadron, United States Air Force
* 147th Air Support Operations Squadron, United States Air Force
* 147th Combat Communications Squadron, United States Air Force
* VFA-147, United States Navy
# Sybropis frontalis

Sybropis frontalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Sybropis. It was described by Pascoe in 1885.
# Canas

Canas or Cañas may refer to:

## Places

* Canas (Lycia), a town of ancient Lycia, now in Turkey
* Amatlán de Cañas, a municipality in Nayarit, Mexico
* Cañas Canton, in Guanacaste province, Costa Rica
* Cañas, Costa Rica, capital of the Cañas canton
* Cañas, La Rioja, in Spain
* Canas, Peru, a province in the Cusco Region of Peru
* Canas, São Paulo, a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil
* Canas de Senhorim, a town in the municipality of Nelas, Portugal
* Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas", in El Salvador
* Villar de Cañas, a municipality in Cuenca, Spain
* Canas, Ponce, Puerto Rico, a barrio
* Canas Urbano, a barrio of Ponce, Puerto Rico
* Cañas, Los Santos, Panama
* Cannes, a town in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France, known in Occitan as Canas

## Fictional Characters

* Canas, a Shaman in the video game Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade

## Other uses

* Canas (surname)
* canas, plural of cana, the Spanish word for white hair
# Dr. Finlay

Dr Finlay is a fictional character, the hero of a series of stories by Scottish author A. J. Cronin.

## Short stories

The character Dr Finlay first appeared in Cronin's novella Country Doctor and in several subsequent short stories published in Hearst's International Combined with Cosmopolitan magazine from 1935 to 1939. The stories were later collected and republished under several titles, including Adventures of a Black Bag, Dr Finlay of Tannochbrae, Further Adventures of a Country Doctor and Dr Finlay's Casebook.
Dr Finlay is a general physician beginning his practice in the fictional Scottish town of Levenford. One of the later short stories takes him to the lochside village of Tannochbrae. In these stories he is charming and becomes well-acquainted with his patients over many years. It is thus his trademark to know them from birth to death and so provide a continuous relationship.

## Adaptations

The stories were used as the basis of the long-running BBC television programme Dr Finlay's Casebook, screened from 1962 to 1971, and the radio series of the same title (1970–78). In these productions the main character, rechristened Dr Alan Finlay, was played by Bill Simpson. He was made the newly joined junior partner in the Tannochbrae practice of Dr Angus Cameron, played by Andrew Cruickshank, with Janet, their unflappable housekeeper and receptionist at Arden House, played by Barbara Mullen.
Dr Finlay returned to television in the ITV series, Doctor Finlay, continuing the stories into the late 1940s. This version starred David Rintoul as Dr Finlay, Ian Bannen as Dr Cameron and Annette Crosbie as Janet. It was later broadcast in the U.S. on PBS's Masterpiece Theatre.
The characters made their return to radio in 2001, when BBC Radio 4 broadcast a six-episode series, Dr Finlay: Adventures of a Black Bag, set in Levenford, with John Gordon Sinclair voicing Dr Finlay, Brian Pettifer as Dr Cameron, Katy Murphy as Janet and the nurse Peggy Angus played by Sharon Small. This was followed by two series of Dr Finlay: Further Adventures of a Black Bag in 2002 and 2003, with Sinclair and Pettifer joined by Celia Imrie as Janet and Stella Gonet as Nurse Angus.
A Dutch adaptation of the Doctor Finlay series entitled Memorandum van een dokter was broadcast on Dutch television from 1963 to 1965 , starring Bram van der Vlugt.
# Castiglione d'Orcia

Castiglione d'Orcia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Siena in the Italian region of Tuscany, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Florence and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Siena, in the Val d'Orcia, not far from the Via Cassia.
Castiglione d'Orcia borders the following municipalities: Abbadia San Salvatore, Castel del Piano, Montalcino, Pienza, Radicofani, San Quirico d'Orcia, Seggiano and with a little characteristic town of few inhabitants, located on a rock, called “Campiglia d’Orcia”.

## History

The settlement is mentioned for the first time in 714, when it was a possession of the Aldobrandeschi family. In 1252 it became a free commune, but lost its independence in the following century to the Republic of Siena, which entrusted it to powerful families like the Piccolomini and Salimbeni. Later, Castiglione was part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and, from 1861, of unified Italy.

## Main sights

Both these locations are a museum and can be visited during appropriate hours.
* Rocca (Castle) of Tentennano, overlooking the frazione of Rocca d'Orcia. It was the centre of the struggle between the Salimbeni and the Republic of Siena, which re-acquired it in 1408. In the 16th century it was again contended between Siena and Florence. It was handed over to the government in 1971 after fear by the owners due to the old age of the fortress and danger of rocks hitting people.
* Rocca Aldobrandesca.
* Romanesque churches of Santa Maria Maddalena and Santi Stefano and Degna. The latter houses a Madonna with Child by Simone Martini and a Madonna with Child by Pietro Lorenzetti.
# 1967 United Nations Security Council election

The 1967 United Nations Security Council election was held on 6 November 1967 during the Twenty-second session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Algeria, Hungary, Pakistan, Paraguay, and Senegal, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1968. Algeria and Senegal saw their first election into the council.

## Rules

The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election.
In accordance with the rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows:
* Two for African countries, one of which being the "Arab Swing Seat" (held by Mali and Nigeria)
* One for the Asian Group (now the Asia-Pacific Group) (held by Japan)
* One for Latin America and the Caribbean (held by Argentina)
* One for the Eastern European Group (held by Bulgaria)
To be elected, a candidate must receive a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. If the vote is inconclusive after the first round, three rounds of restricted voting shall take place, followed by three rounds of unrestricted voting, and so on, until a result has been obtained. In restricted voting, only official candidates may be voted on, while in unrestricted voting, any member of the given regional group, with the exception of current Council members, may be voted on.

## Result

The election was managed by the then-President of the United Nations General Assembly Corneliu Mănescu of Romania. At this date the UN had 122 member states (for a timeline of UN membership, see Enlargement of the United Nations). Delegates of the member states were to write the names of the five countries they wished to elect on the ballot papers. There were no nominations prior to the election. Voting was conducted by secret ballot, and on a single ballot. 118 ballot papers were used.
| Member | Round 1 |
| Pakistan | 118 |
| Senegal | 110 |
| Algeria | 108 |
| Hungary | 105 |
| Paraguay | 101 |
| Romania | 3 |
| Albania | 2 |
| Tunisia | 2 |
| Uruguay | 2 |
| Chile | 1 |
| Cyprus | 1 |
| Republic of the Congo | 1 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1 |
| Cuba | 1 |
| Dahomey | 1 |
| Ecuador | 1 |
| Madagascar | 1 |
| Malawi | 1 |
| Morocco | 1 |
| Peru | 1 |
| Yugoslavia | 1 |
| abstentions | 0 |
| invalid ballots | 0 |
| required majority | 79 |
Source:
# Cry of the Peacock (novel)

Cry of the Peacock is the first novel from Gina B. Nahai and follows the story of a family of Jews through seven generations, from 1780s Persia to contemporary Iran. The book was published in 1991 by Crown Publishing Group in the United States and won several awards. It was an alternate selection of The Book of the Month Club and The Doubleday Book Club.

## Plot summary

Peacock, a 116-year-old woman, is captured by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard. Her story and that of a relatively unknown group of Jews, the oldest in the diaspora, unfold as she waits in her prison cell. Born in the Esfahan ghetto, Peacock was married off at age nine to the wealthy Solomon the Man. A decade later, she becomes the first woman of the ghetto ever to have left her husband. Peacock's family story goes back to Esther the Soothsayer, who appears in the dreams of her descendants.
The novel incorporates Persian stories and fables as well as historical figures such as Mossadeq (Mohammad Mosaddegh) and Ruhollah Khomeini (the Ayatollah Khomeini) and historic events.

## Reception

The book was the winner of the Phi Kappa Phi Award and the Los Angeles Arts Council Award for Fiction.
Critical response was mostly positive.
# El Cholar

El Cholar is a village and municipality in Neuquén Province in southwestern Argentina.
# A Grupė

The A Grupė is highest level of women's volleyball club tournament in Lithuania. Current champions is Achema-KKSC from Jonava.

## History

From 1935 to 1943 Volleyball Championships of Kaunas City was held. First national-wide championships were held in 1947. Teams from Kaunas won the most titles.

## Teams

| Name | City |
| Achema-KKSC | Jonava |
| Heksa | Kaunas |
| SM Tauras VTC | Vilnius |
| TK LSU | Kaunas |
# 1543 Bourgeois

1543 Bourgeois, provisional designation 1941 SJ, is a stony asteroid from the central asteroid belt's background population, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 21 September 1941, by astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. The asteroid was named after Belgian astronomer Paul Bourgeois.

## Orbit and classification

Bourgeois is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–3.5 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,561 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.32 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic.
The asteroid was first identified as A911 MF at Johannesburg Observatory in June 1911. The body's observation arc begins at Istanbul Observatory (080), eight days prior to its official discovery observation at Uccle.

## Physical characteristics

No spectral type has been determined. The Lightcurve Data Base considers Bourgeois equally likely to be of a stony or carbonaceous, while albedo measurements by Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer suggest that it is a stony S-type asteroid (see below).

### Rotation period

In August 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Bourgeois was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer Laurent Bernasconi. Analysis of the fragmentary lightcurve gave a rotation period of 2.48 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.03 magnitude (U=1). As of 2017, no secure period has been obtained.

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Bourgeois measures 11.985 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.214. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.1 – a compromise albedo between the stony (0.20) and carbonaceous (0.057) types, used as a default for asteroids with a semi-major axis between 2.6 and 2.7 AU – and calculates a diameter of 16.73 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.0.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in memory of Paul Bourgeois (1898–1974), director of the discovering observatory at Uccle, professor at the Free University of Brussels, credited discoverer of asteroid 1547 Nele, author of various publications in astrometry, astrophysics, meridian astronomy and stellar statistics. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3930).
# Syburg (disambiguation)

Syburg may refer to:
* Syburg, the southernmost borough of Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia
** Hohensyburg, a ruined castle in Dortmund-Syburg
** Zeche Syburg, a coal mine in Dortmund-Syburg, now closed
* Syburg (Bergen), an area of Bergen, Middle Franconia, in Bavaria

## People

* Friedrich Wilhelm von Syburg (1709–1770), a Prussian major general
* Otto Ludwig von Syburg (1721–1788), another Prussian major general
# 1991 Beninese presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Benin in March 1991, the first direct presidential elections since 1970. Elections under the military regime of Mathieu Kérékou had been indirect, with the president chosen by the National Assembly.
The first round, held on 10 March, saw no candidate receive more than 37% of the vote. Prime Minister Nicéphore Soglo led the field, with Kérékou in second place. The second round on 24 March resulted in a decisive victory for Soglo, with almost two-thirds of the vote. Voter turnout was 56% in the first round and 64% in the second.
The elections marked the first instance in post-colonial Francophone Africa that an opposition candidate won a free election.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Nicéphore Soglo | Union for the Triumph of Democratic Renewal | 415,262 | 36.31 | 881,205 | 67.54 |
| | Mathieu Kérékou | Independent | 310,978 | 27.19 | 423,501 | 32.46 |
| | Albert Tévoédjrè | Our Common Cause | 162,498 | 14.21 | | |
| | Bruno Amoussou | Social Democratic Party | 65,999 | 5.77 | | |
| | Adrien Houngbédji | Democratic Renewal Party | 51,888 | 4.54 | | |
| | Moise Mensah | Independent | 39,250 | 3.43 | | |
| | Sévérin Adjovi | RDLRN–Vivoten | 29,854 | 2.61 | | |
| | Bertin Borna | Independent | 18,484 | 1.62 | | |
| | Idelphonse Lemon | Independent | 11,297 | 0.99 | | |
| | Assani Fasassi | Independent | 10,334 | 0.90 | | |
| | Gatien Houngbédji | Democratic Union for Economic and Social Development | 10,210 | 0.89 | | |
| | Robert Dossou | Alliance for Social Democracy | 9,551 | 0.84 | | |
| | Thomas Goudou | Builders and Managers of Freedom and Development | 8,008 | 0.70 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 1,143,613 | 100.00 | 1,304,706 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 1,143,613 | 98.37 | 1,304,706 | 99.21 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 18,902 | 1.63 | 10,417 | 0.79 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,162,515 | 100.00 | 1,315,123 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,064,311 | 56.31 | 2,052,638 | 64.07 |
| Source: African Elections Database, Nohlen et al. |||||||
# Downy serviceberry

Downy serviceberry is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Amelanchier arborea
* Amelanchier canadensis