OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arpe (Schmallenberg)

Arpe is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in the High Sauerland District in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
The village has 239 inhabitants and lies in the northwest of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 368 m on the Kreisstraße 35. In the village centre the river Mühlenbach and Heimke flows in the river Arpe.
Arpe borders on the villages of Niederberndorf, Oberberndorf, Selkentrop, Kückelheim, Herschede, Silberg, Keppel and Landenbeckerbruch. The St. Antonius Chapel in the village center was first mentioned in 17th century.
The village used to belong to the municipality of Berghausen in Amt Schmallenberg until the end of 1974.

## Gallery

* „Arpen“ 1645 - Westphalia Ducatus (Duchy of Westphalia)
* Arpe Mühle
# Arpeggione

The arpeggione is a six-stringed musical instrument fretted and tuned like a guitar, but with a curved bridge so it can be bowed like a cello, and thus similar to the bass viola da gamba. The instrument is sometimes also called a guitar violoncello. The body shape of the arpeggione is, however, more similar to a medieval fiddle than either the guitar or the bass viol. It is essentially a bass viol with a guitar-type tuning, E–A–d–g–b–e' . The arpeggione is especially suited to playing runs in thirds, double stops, and arpeggios.
It enjoyed a brief period of popularity for perhaps a decade after its invention around 1823 by the Viennese instrument luthiers Johann Georg Stauffer and Peter Teufelsdorfer. The only notable extant piece for the arpeggione is a sonata with piano accompaniment by Franz Schubert, D.821, not published until 1871, when the instrument was long out of vogue. This sonata is now commonly played on the cello or viola, and many other instruments have received transcriptions as well.
In the 21st century, a revival of interest in the arpeggione has led to the composition of a number of new works either for the instrument alone or within an ensemble.
Composers who have written the largest number of works include the American Dov Joshua Rosenschein, France's Grégory Guéant, and René Mogensen from Denmark.
Contemporary designs of viol-like instruments have similarities to the arpeggione, and at least one (the GuitarViol) was directly influenced by Stauffer's arpeggione.
# Ariel Patterson (pilot boat)

The Ariel Patterson was a 19th century Sandy Hook pilot boat built in 1864 for a group of New York Pilots. She was built by the shipbuilder Ariel Patterson. After nineteen years of service, she was struck and sank off Sea Bright, New Jersey by the steamer Commonwealth in 1883. She was raised and purchased by the Coast Wreaking Company.

## Construction and service

The New York pilot-boat Ariel Patterson, No. 12, was built during the American Civil War, when building of new pilot boats became necessary. She was launched on November 23, 1864 by the Ariel Patterson shipyard at the foot of North Third Street, Brooklyn, New York. The Ariel Patterson was named in honor of the shipbuilder Ariel Patterson, founder of the shipyard.
The Ariel Patterson was formerly named the Christianberg. She was the oldest pilot-boat in the service. Sandy Hook pilot Camille Lavand and Captain Jacob Britton, were pilots on the pilot-boat Christianberg.
The Ariel Patterson was registered with Record of American and Foreign Shipping from 1879 to 1885. Her owners were the New York Pilots, belonging to the port of New York. Pilot John W. Stanton was the ship Captain. Her dimensions were 75 ft. in length; 28 ft. breadth of beam; 7 ft. in depth; and 54-tons burthen. The boat number "12" was painted in black on her mainsail to distinguish her from other pilot-boats.

## End of service

On 5 March 1883, the pilot-boat Ariel Patterson, No. 12, was run down and sank off Sea Bright, New Jersey, by the steamer Commonwealth. Pilot John Campbell, of Staten Island, went down with the ship. His body, was found off Cape Henlopen. John Canvin Sr., John Canvin Jr. and the rest of the crew were rescued by the Commonwealth and brought to port. The Ariel Patterson had on board pilots, John W. Stanton, John Canvin Sr., John Canvin Jr., and John Campbell; Boatkeeper Alexander Cochran, a cook and four sailors. She was owned by a company of New York pilots, including Eugene H. Sulivan, John Canvin Sr., John Canvin Jr., and John W. Stanton. The boat was worth $10,000 and was insured.
The Ariel Patterson was raised and purchased by the Coast Wrecking Company. She was lifted by the use of tugs and pontoons. The Ariel Patterson was then towed to Gowanus, Brooklyn.
# Arthur Burns (historian)

Arthur Burns (7 February 1963 – 3 October 2023) was a British historian who was Professor of Modern British History at King's College London.

## Early life and education

Arthur Burns was born in Barnard Castle, County Durham on 7 February 1963. He was educated at Ludlow College (1974–1981) and then read modern history at Balliol College, Oxford. He received a BA in 1984, later promoted to MA in 1989. He was awarded a PhD by Oxford in 1990 for a thesis entitled The Diocesan Revival in the Church of England c.1825-1865.

## Academic career

Burns was appointed a lecturer in history at King's College London in 1992. He was promoted to senior lecturer in 2002 and to Professor of Modern British History in 2005. He was head of the Department of History from 2004 to 2008 and Vice-Dean for Education, Faculty of Arts and Humanities from 2014 to 2017.
Burns specialised in the history of English religion since the mid-eighteenth century, and particularly the history of the Church of England. Burns co-founded and co-edited the Boydell and Brewer monograph series Studies in Modern British Religious History. He was a fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and from 2012 to 2016 was its Vice President (Education), overseeing policy on the teaching of History in both schools and universities; he previously served as one of its Literary Directors. In 2015 he was awarded an honorary fellowship of the Historical Association, in 2016 he was appointed President of the Church of England Record Society, and in 2017 he was appointed academic director of the Georgian Papers Programme at King's.

## Death

Burns died from cancer on 3 October 2023, at the age of 60.

## Selected publications

* The Diocesan Revival in the Church of England, c. 1800–1870 (Oxford University Press, 1999).
* (Edited with Joanna Innes) Rethinking the Age of Reform: Britain, 1780–1850 (Cambridge University Press, 2003).
* (Edited with Derek Keene and Andrew Saint) St Paul’s: The Cathedral Church of London, 604–2004 (Yale University Press, 2004; awarded 2004 Berger prize for British Art History).
* "Beyond the 'Red Vicar': Christian Socialism and Community in Thaxted, Essex, c. 1910–84", History Workshop Journal (2013).
* (Edited with Paul Readman and Chad Bryant) Walking Histories 1800–1914 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).
# Arriscope

Arriscope may refer to:
* Arriscope (lens), a line of anamorphic lenses for Arriflex
* Arriscope (Surgical Microscope), a fully digital surgical microscope developed by Arri
# Arthur Whitney

Arthur Whitney may refer to:
* Arthur Whitney (computer scientist), Canadian computer scientist, developer of the K programming language
* Arthur Whitney (politician) (1871-1942), Republican nominee for Governor of New Jersey in 1925
# Arthur Whiting

Arthur Whiting (1878 – 16 August 1938) was a British politician.
Born in Burnham-on-Crouch, in Essex, Whiting moved with his parents to Southend-on-Sea when he was three years old. He left school at the age of twelve, working as a brickmaker in the summer, and as a general labourer in the winter. Six years later, he moved to Barking and found work at the Beckton Gas Works, where he joined the National Union of Gas Workers and General Labourers, working for the union as a full-time organiser from 1917.
Inspired by Will Thorne, leader of the union, Whiting joined the Social Democratic Federation in his youth, and then its successor, the British Socialist Party (BSP). He first won election to Barking Urban District Council in 1909. One of the minority in the BSP who supported World War I, he joined the National Socialist Party (NSP) split in 1916, and served on its first provisional committee. He also served two terms as chair of the Urban District Council.
The NSP adopted Whiting as its candidate in Romford at the 1918 UK general election. Although the NSP was affiliated to the Labour Party, Whiting failed to be selected as the Labour candidate, and he came last in a three-way race. For the 1922 UK general election, he was selected as the Labour Party candidate for Great Yarmouth, where he lost his deposit.
The Gas Workers became part of the National Union of General and Municipal Workers, and Whiting remained an organiser for the union. Barking became a Municipal Borough in 1931, and Whiting served as Mayor of Barking in 1934/35. For the 1935 UK general election, his union sponsored him as a Labour Party candidate in Chorley. This was considered a winnable seat, but Whiting ultimately took second place, with 41.4% of the vote.
Whiting died in 1938, while still serving on the council and working for the union.
# Artocarpus lanceifolius

Artocarpus lanceifolius, also known as keledang in Malay and more locally as timakon or kaliput, is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the fig family, that is native to Southeast Asia.

## Description

The species grows as a monoecious tree to 35 m in height, with a bole of up to 5 m. The smooth oval to lance-shaped leaves are 12–30 cm long by 6–17 cm wide. The inflorescences occur in the leaf axils. The fruits are infructescent, olive to brown in colour, 8–12 cm by 7–8 cm in diameter, containing seeds covered by an edible, sweet and juicy aril.

### Variety

The variety endemic to north-eastern Borneo, sometimes considered a subspecies A. l. clementis, differs in having somewhat more lanceolate leaves, and the fruits having an orange (rather than white) aril.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is found in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo, where it occurs as an understorey tree of lowland and hill mixed dipterocarp forest and secondary forest up to an elevation of 1,000 m.
# Arsacius

Arsacius may refer to:
* Saint Arsatius or Arsacius
* Arsacius of Tarsus, the archbishop of Constantinople from 404 to 405.
* Arsacius (magister militum), Magister militum of the 5th century
* Arsacius of Nicomedia
# Arthur Bonnicastle

Arthur Bonnicastle (February 20, 1877 – May 30, 1923) was an Osage politician who served as the 8th elected principal chief of the Osage Nation from 1920 to 1922. Born in the Osage Nation, Indian Territory, Bonnicastle attended the Carlisle Indian School before enlisting in the United States Army in 1900. He served in the 9th Cavalry Regiment during the Boxer Rebellion and was discharged in 1903. After returning home, he entered tribal politics and served on the Osage Nation tribal council from 1908 to 1910 and 1922 until his death in 1923.

## Early life and military service

Arthur Bonnicastle was born on February 20, 1877, in the Osage Nation, Indian Territory, (later Oklahoma Territory from May 1890-November 1907 and then Osage County, Oklahoma after 1907) to his mother Me-Tse-He. He is named after the titular character in Josiah Gilbert Holland's 1873 novel Arthur Bonnicastle. In 1899 he attended the Carlisle Indian School before joining the United States Army the next year. He was sent to the Philippines (then a U.S. colony) and deployed to China on July 9, 1900, and took part in the Battle of Tientsin and the Battle of Yangcun during the Boxer Rebellion. In 1903 he was honorably discharged and briefly returned to school at Carlisle. He married Augelia Penn in November 1903.

## Political career and death

Bonnicastle served as a delegate to Washington D.C. for the Osage Nation in 1904, 1905, and 1906. In 1908, Bonnicastle ran for the Osage Nation tribal council and won the election. He lost re-election in 1910. In 1920, he was elected the 8th principal chief of the Osage Nation. In 1922, he did not seek re-election as chief and instead ran for and won a tribal council seat. The Osage Nation reports that he fell off a train and died while returning from Washington D.C.. Newspapers reported that he died on Wednesday morning, May 30, 1923, in a hospital in Kansas City from an illness.

## In media

Bonnicastle was portrayed by Yancey Red Corn in the 2023 film Killers of the Flower Moon.
# Arthur Rutty

Arthur William Forder Rutty (22 August 1872 – 10 January 1932) was an English first-class cricketer active 1908–20 who played for Surrey. He was born in Reading and died in West Jesmond.
# Artem Dyatlov

Artem Andreyevich Dyatlov (22 May 1989, Tashkent) is an Uzbekistani hurdler. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's 400 metres hurdles.
# Arshad Sauleh

Arshad Sauleh (Urdu: ارشر صالح) is an artist and a radio broadcaster born in a Muslim family at Srinagar in the summer capital of Kashmir who has remained host/judge of several noted art exhibitions besides he is teaching art at Government College of Education in Srinagar.

## Contribution and awards

Arshid Sauleh represented India in the 2002 International Exhibition of Quranic paintings in Iran. He was honored by Ministry of Heritage and Islamic Guidance, Government of Iran to the tenth International Exhibition on Quranic Paintings. During Kashmir conflict
* 2011-Merit Award by State Academy of Art Culture and Language Srinagar.
# Article 62 and 63

In Pakistan, Article 62 and 63 of the Constitution deal with the qualifications and disqualifications of Members of Parliament.
Article 62 lays down the qualifications that a person must possess to be elected as a Member of Parliament. According to this article, a person must be of good character and reputation, possess adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practices, and not have been convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude. The article also requires that the person is financially sound and not subject to disqualification under any law.
Article 63, on the other hand, sets out the grounds for the disqualification of Members of Parliament. These include convictions for various offenses, such as bribery, corruption, moral turpitude, and involvement in activities prejudicial to the integrity and sovereignty of Pakistan. The article also disqualifies individuals who have defaulted on government loans or have been declared insolvent, among other things.
# Artie McGovern

Arthur McGovern (died 1942, at age 54) was a personal trainer to the titans of Broadway and Wall Street at his Madison Avenue gym. A former flyweight boxer, he shot to fame by reconditioning Babe Ruth, who came out of a slump to hit 47 home runs next season, and a record 60 homers the next. Jack Dempsey, Gene Sarazen, John Philip Sousa and Paul Whiteman were among his other celebrity clients.
In December, 1925 Babe Ruth started working out at McGovern's gymnasium. He put Ruth on a rigorous program of diet, exercise and arid rest. There are photographs of McGovern working with Ruth in the August 1926 issue of the Physical Culture magazine, titled, "Brought Back By Physical Culture". McGovern has been described as a "prominent practitioner" of physical culture.
McGovern was also the author of a 1935 fitness book title The Secret of Keeping Fit. He died in Manhattan, New York.
# Arvel, Kentucky

Arvel is an unincorporated community located near the tripoint border between Jackson, Lee, and Owsley Counties, Kentucky, United States. The community is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 587 and Kentucky Route 1209, 8 miles northeast of McKee and 13 miles southwest of Beattyville. A few locations in Arvel are also named Old Orchard, such as the Old Orchard Lookout Tower, which is 1/3 of a mile from Arvel and a historical school being the same distance from Arvel which may be evidence of the community also being called Old Orchard. A natural attraction in the area is Alcorn Branch Falls.
# Arūnas Dulkys

Arūnas Dulkys (born 22 October 1972) is an economist, PhD in Social Sciences and former State's Auditor General.
On 7 December 2020, he was approved to be the Minister of Health in the Šimonytė Cabinet.

## Biography

In 1990 he graduated from a school in Raseiniai and entered the Faculty of Economics of Vilnius University, studied Finance and Credit. In 1995 he graduated from Vilnius University with the qualification of an economist.
From 1992 to 1996 at the Bank of Lithuania, he held the position of Cashier, Assistant Head, Head and Head of Commercial Bank Cash Operations units.
In 1996 he became the Director of the Cash Department of the Bank of Lithuania. He held this position until 2004. From 2004 to 2005 worked as a Consultant to the Chairman of the Board of the Bank of Lithuania.
From 2006 to 2007 was an Economic Adviser to the Speaker of the Seimas, Head of the Secretariat of the Speaker of the Seimas.
From 2006 to 2010, he further deepened his knowledge of economics in PhD studies at the Department of Theoretical Economics of Faculty of Economics of Vilnius University. His research interests were the European Economic and Monetary Union, the history of the Lithuanian national currency (litas), and globalization.
In 2007 became the Director of the newly established 8th Audit Department of the State Audit Office of the Republic of Lithuania, which is responsible for auditing the management and control system of the European Union structural assistance. He headed this department until April 14, 2015.
In 2010, he defended his doctoral dissertation at Vilnius University on the topic “Political Economy of Euro Area Development: Asymmetries and a Holistic Approach” and obtained a PhD in Social Sciences.
Between 2011 and 2015 Dulkys was also a lecturer at the Department of Theoretical Economics of Faculty of Economics of Vilnius University.
Since 2015 until 2020 he was the Auditor General of the Republic of Lithuania.
# Asferg Runestone

The Asferg Runestone, listed as DR 121 in the Rundata catalog, is a Viking Age memorial runestone found at Asferg, which is about 10 km (6 miles) northeast of Randers, Aarhus County, Region Midtjylland, Denmark.

## Description

The inscription on DR 121, which is about 1.5 m (5 ft) in height and made of granite, consists of runic text in the younger futhark within a band that loops to form three rows of text. The inscription is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK, which is the classification for the oldest style where the text bands have straight ends without any attached beast or serpent heads. The runestone was discovered in 1795 at a barrow in Asferg, but was still reused as a paving stone near a local mill. Before the historic significance of runestones was understood, they were often reused as materials in the construction of churches, bridges, and roads. The stone was purchased by the Danish Antiquities Commission in 1810 and shipped to Copenhagen in 1825. Today it is displayed at the National Museum of Denmark.
The runic text, which is read boustrophedonically from the lower left, states that the stone was raised by a man named Þorgeirr in memory of his brother Múli. The text describes the deceased man Múli as being "a very good thegn" or "þegn". The term thegn was used in the late Viking Age in Sweden and Denmark to describe a class of retainer. About fifty memorial runestones described the deceased as being a thegn. Of these, the runic text on other sixteen runestones use the same Old Norse phrase harða goðan þegn or "a very good thegn", including Vg 59 in Norra Härene, Vg 62 in Ballstorp, Vg 102 in Håle gamla, Vg 113 in Lärkegape, Vg 115 in Stora Västölet, Vg 151 in Eggvena, Vg NOR1997;27 in Hols, DR 86 in Langå, DR 106 in Ørum, DR 115 in Randers, DR 123 in Glenstrup, DR 130 in Giver, DR 213 in Skovlænge, DR 278 in Västra Nöbbelöv, DR 294 in Baldringe, and DR 343 in Östra Herrestads. In addition, four inscriptions use a different word order, þegn harða goðan, include Vg 74 in Skolgården, Vg 152 in Håkansgården, Vg 157 in Storegården, and Vg 158 in Fänneslunda. The runemaster used a punctuation mark consisting of two dots (":") to separate each word of the text.
The stone is known locally as the Asferg-sten.

## Inscription
### Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

    : þurgiʀ : tuka : sun : risþi : stin : þonnsi : iftiʀ : mula : bruþr : ¶ sin : harþo : kuþru : þin :

### Transcription into Old Norse

    Þorgiʀ Toka sun resþi sten þænsi æftiʀ Mula, broþur sin, harþa goþan þægn.

### Translation in English

    Þorgeirr son of Tóki raised this stone in memory of Múli, his brother, a very good thegn.
# Ash Sharaf, Abyan

Ash sharaf, Abyan is a village in south-western Yemen. It is located in the Abyan Governorate.
# Ashani

Ashani may refer to:

## People

* Ashani Fairclough, Jamaican footballer
* Ashani Weeraratna, American-South African cancer researcher

## Other uses

* Ashani Sanket (Distant Thunder)
* Ashani pistol
# Ashaninka Oldfield mouse

The Ashaninka Oldfield mouse (Thomasomys onkiro) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is known only from a single locality (which includes Otishi National Park) in the Cordillera Oriental of the southern Peruvian Andes, in montane forest at an elevation of 3350 m. It has terrestrial habits. The common name refers to the Asháninka, the largest indigenous group of the Peruvian Amazon.
# Ashy-headed laughingthrush

The ashy-headed laughingthrush (Argya cinereifrons) is a member of the family Leiothrichidae. The laughingthrushes are a large family of Old World passerine birds characterised by soft fluffy plumage. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in southeast Asia.

## Taxonomy

The ashy-headed laughingthrush was formerly placed in the genus Garrulax but following the publication of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study in 2018, it was moved to the resurrected genus Argya.

## Description

The ashy-headed laughingthrush is a rangy bird, 23 centimetre (9 in) in length with a long floppy tail. It is rufous brown above and deep buff below, with a grey head and white throat. Like other babblers, these are noisy birds, and the characteristic laughing calls are often the best indication that they are present, since they are often difficult to see in their preferred habitat.

## Distribution and habitat

The ashy-headed laughingthrush is a resident breeding bird endemic to Sri Lanka. Its habitat is rainforest, and it is seldom seen away from deep jungle or dense bamboo thickets in the wet zone. This species, like most babblers, is not migratory, and has short rounded wings and a weak flight.
Although its habitat is under threat, this laughingthrush occurs in all the forests of the wet zone, and is quite common at prime sites like Kitulgala and Sinharaja. It builds its nest in a bush, concealed in dense masses of foliage. The normal clutch is three or four eggs.

## Behaviour

As with other babbler species, ashy-headed laughingthrushes frequently occur in groups of up to a dozen, and are also often found in the mixed feeding flocks typical of tropical Asian jungle. They feed mainly on insects, but also eat jungle berries.

## In culture

In Sri Lanka, this bird is known as alu demalichcha ("ash-babbler") in Sinhala language. The ashy-headed laughingthrush appears on a 3 rupee Sri Lankan postal stamp,.
# Aslauga tanga

Aslauga tanga is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Tanzania (the Usambara and Nguru mountains).