OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Laptot

Laptots were African colonial troops in the service of France between 1750 and the early 1900s.

## History

The term laptot probably derives from the word lappato bi in the Wolof language, referring to interpreters, intermediaries or brokers. Most laptots were recruited in Senegal, especially at French outposts in Saint-Louis and Dakar, during the late 18th and 19th centuries. Laptots were closely linked with the Tirailleurs sénégalais, a military unit which enlisted soldiers from France's colonies in West Africa, founded in 1857. Unlike the tirailleurs, however, laptots served exclusively in Africa and Madagascar.
The French navy hired laptots on a temporary basis, using them to guard outposts, serve aboard French naval and commercial vessels, and perform various other tasks throughout French possessions in Africa. Laptots typically signed up for two-year contracts. They were often more reliable and effective than European personnel, who were too susceptible to endemic diseases such as malaria. Many laptots joined on a voluntary basis, although others were slaves in local communities who were forced to hand over half their wages to their owners. According to historian Francois Manchuelle, pay for some laptots—particularly those who served aboard navy boats on the Senegal River—was competitive with salaries for French sailors at the time. Manchuelle contends that men of the Soninke ethnic group were attracted to laptot service by the prospects of accumulating cash with which to compete for social status in their home communities.
Laptots were essential not only to French administration of its West African possessions, but also to subsequent French exploration and colonial penetration of Central Africa, parts of which became French Equatorial Africa after 1910. When the Franco-Italian explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza first ventured into the Equatorial African interior in 1876, he was accompanied by 13 laptots and four local interpreters as well as three other Frenchmen. Brazza's second expedition, in 1880, also relied heavily on laptots to carry loads, deliver messages, and provide protection against hostile populations. One laptot on this expedition was Malamine Camara, who achieved some renown for his exploits while serving under Brazza's command in Congo. Camara and two other laptots manned France's first outpost on the banks of the Congo River from October 1880 until May 1882, on the future site of Brazzaville, and may have prevented France's newly acquired territory there from being taken over by Belgium. Laptots provided the bulk of French manpower needs in its Equatorial African colonies until well into the 20th century, when more personnel began to be recruited locally.
# Las Vegas Little Theater

Las Vegas Little Theater is a community theater in Las Vegas, Nevada that was founded in 1978 by Jack Bell and Jack Nickolson. Acting classes are available. It is the oldest operating small theater in the valley.
# Laranga

Laranga is a village in the Thion Department of Gnagna Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 608.
# Lasse (disambiguation)

Lasse is a male Scandinavian given name.
Lasse may also refer to:
* Lasse, Maine-et-Loire, France, a commune
* Lasse, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, a commune
* Dick Lasse (born 1935), American former National Football League player and former college football coach
* Kurt Lasse (1918–1941), German World War II Luftwaffe ace
# Laura Chapman Hruska

Laura Chapman Hruska (October 14, 1935 – January 9, 2010) was an American lawyer, novelist, and co-founder and editor in chief of the Soho Press.

## Life

Laura Mae Chapman was born in The Bronx, and was raised in Manhattan. After graduating from Cornell University, she attended Yale Law School. After a short career as an attorney, she quit to start a family and focus on writing. She published three novels (as Laura Chapman). In 1986, she, her husband, Alan Hruska, and their friend, Juris Jurjevics, the former editor in chief of the Dial Press, founded Soho Press with the objective of publishing serious literature by authors who had yet to be discovered. The publishing house is unusual in accepting—and actually reading—unsolicited works.
One of Soho Press's notable discoveries was Breath, Eyes, Memory by the then-unknown Haitian-born author Edwidge Danticat. In 1994, the company started the Soho Crime imprint dedicated to mysteries with foreign settings. In 2008, it forged a partnership with Constable & Robinson to publish British crime fiction in the United States.
Hruska died on January 9, 2010, of cancer, aged 74, in Manhattan. She was survived by her husband, three children, six grandchildren and her sister.
# Last of the Sharpshooters

Last of the Sharpshooters is an album by Down by Law. It was released by Epitaph in 1997.
It received mostly positive reviews.

## Track listing

* "USA Today"
* "No Equalizer"
* "Call To Arms"
* "Guns Of '96"
* "Get Out"
* "Burning Heart"
* "Question Marks & Periods"
* "Urban Napalm"
* "D.J.G."
* "Concrete Times"
* "No One Gets Away"
* "The Last Goodbye"
* "Factory Day"
* "The Cool Crowd"
* "Self-Destruction"
# Laze, Gorenja Vas–Poljane

Laze (pronounced) is a small settlement between Leskovica and Robidnica in the Municipality of Gorenja Vas–Poljane in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
# Le Génépi

Le Génépi (2,884 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Mont Blanc massif, located west of Champex in the canton of Valais. It is the culminating point of the group lying north of the Fenêtre d'Arpette.
# Law enforcement in Bulgaria

Bulgarian law enforcement organisations are mainly subordinate to the Ministry of Interior.

## Overall structure

The structure responsible for preservation of public order and prevention of crime and citizens’ security is the National Police Directorate-General in the Ministry of Interior.
The Directorate deals with activities on protection of public order and providing security service. It also deals with VIP and goods protection outside and inside Bulgaria.

## Agencies and their roles

The National Police Service is responsible for combating general crime and supporting the operations of other law enforcement agencies, the National Investigative Service and the Central Office for Combating Organized Crime. The Police Service has criminal and financial sections and national and local offices.
The Central Office for Combating Organized Crime, also under the Ministry of Interior, collects information about national and international crimes involving criminal organizations, mainly trafficking, financial crimes, and domestic and international terrorism. The service also is a coordinating body for other police agencies.
The National Investigative Service, which is part of the judicial system and consists or investigating justices called "sledovateli" (inspectors, investigators), is the national investigative agency for serious crimes, responsible for preparing supporting evidence in criminal cases. In 2005 a new penal code shifted some of that service's caseload to the National Police Service.
The Ministry of Interior also heads the Border Police Service and the National Gendarmerie, a specialized branch for anti-terrorist activity, crisis management and riot control. In 2005 the Border Police, which underwent large-scale reform under European Union (EU) supervision in the early 2000s, had 12,000 personnel.
# Le ragazze di San Frediano

Le ragazze di San Frediano (English: The Girls of San Frediano) is a 1949 novel by Italian author Vasco Pratolini.

## Plot

The novel is set in Florence at the end of the Second World War. The story follows the escapades of a Florentine mechanic, a local "Don Giovanni," who romances several women simultaneously and secretly. His multiple relationships come to the women's attention, and they conceive a plot to punish the mechanic for his behavior.

## Film adaptations

The novel has been adapted to film twice:
* In 1954, a cinematic adaptation directed by Valerio Zurlini was released. The film represented Zurlini's directorial debut, and was one of the first movies to be filmed in Florence. The 1954 film starred:
** Antonio Cifariello as Bob;
** Rossana Podestà as Tosca;
** Corinne Calvet as Bice;
** Giovanna Ralli as Mafalda;
** Marcella Mariani as Gina; and
** Giulia Rubini as Silvana.
* In 2007, a television miniseries adaptation aired on Italian television channel Rai Uno. This adaptation was directed by Vittorio Sindoni and starred:
** Giampaolo Morelli as Bob;
** Camilla Filippi as Tosca;
** Donatella Salvatico as Bice;
** Vittoria Puccini as Mafalda;
** Chiara Conti as Gina; and
** Martina Stella as Silvana.
# Laura Smith

Laura Smith may refer to:
* Laura Smith (singer) (1952–2020), Canadian folk singer-songwriter
* Laura Smith (blues singer), American blues singer
* Laura Smith (British politician), British politician
* Laura Smith (Canadian politician), Canadian politician
* Laura Smith (American politician), American politician
* Laura Alexandrine Smith, English musician and ethnomusicologist
* Laura-Lee Smith, New Zealand table tennis player
* Laura Faye Smith, American voice actress
* Laura Smith Haviland, American abolitionist, suffragette, and social reformer
# Le Voleur (magazine)

Le Voleur was an illustrated literary magazine published weekly in Paris from 1828 until 1907. It was established by Charles Lautour-Mézeray and Émile de Girardin. During its existence, it had a variety of subtitles including Journal littéraire de Paris and Gazette des journaux français et étrangers. In the last decades of its publication it went by the title Le Voleur illustré. The journal published literary criticism, satire, interviews, extracts from recently published or soon-to-be published fiction, and reprints of (often sensationalist) articles from other magazines and newspapers.
The title of Le Voleur (French for "The Thief") reflected its practice of lifting articles and illustrations from other publications, often without credit to the previous author or publication. Plagiarism was pervasive in French journals in the 19th century. However, Le Voleur was quite explicit about it. The editorial of its first issue (5 April 1828) stated that each month 136 newspapers and magazines were published in Paris and Le Voleur would "pillage from whatever it could find." An example of this is the tale of Don Vincente, an alleged Spanish monk, serial killer and bibliomaniac. The story was first published in France as a factual court case in the Gazette des Tribunaux on 23 October 1836. A week later Le Voleur published an abridged version. The articles are thought to have inspired the fourteen-year-old Flaubert to write his first published short-story, "Bibliomanie" which appeared in the Rouen literary magazine Le Colibri in 1837.
Amongst the literary works by Honoré de Balzac which appeared in Le Voleur were fragments from Gobseck under the title L'Usurier (August 1830) and La Peau de chagrin under the title Une débauche (June 1831) and the complete text of his short story Un drame au bord de la mer (November 1834). From 1829 to 1831 Balzac also worked as a journalist for the magazine as well as for two other publications owned by Lautour-Mézeray and Girardin–La Mode and La Silhouette. Other journalists who wrote for Le Voleur included Frédéric Soulié and Samuel-Henri Berthoud.
# Lebia festiva

Lebia festiva is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae.

## Description

The color of the body is dark purple, with orangy-blackish legs and antennas.

## Distribution

The species can be found in Khorasan Province, Gonobad, Iran.
# Le Fiamme di Zaporoze

Le Fiamme di Zaporoze is an epic historical novel written in Italian about the Zaporozhian Cossacks at the time of Hetman Ivan Mazepa and Czar Peter the Great during the Great Northern War, by Mario Dimitrio Donadio and published in Italy by Giraldi Editore in 2008.
# Le Vaudreuil Golf Challenge

The Le Vaudreuil Golf Challenge is a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour, played at the Golf PGA France du Vaudreuil in Le Vaudreuil, France. It was played for the first time in July 2013.
Brinson Paolini won the inaugural tournament.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 2024 | Joel Moscatel | 274 | −14 | Playoff | Benjamin Hébert |
| 2023 | Darren Fichardt | 273 | −15 | 2 strokes | Oliver Farr |
| 2022 | Nathan Kimsey | 274 | −14 | Playoff | Robin Sciot-Siegrist |
| 2021 | Marcel Siem | 269 | −15 | 1 stroke | Hugo León |
| 2020 | Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2019 | Steven Tiley | 273 | −11 | 1 stroke | Richard Bland |
| 2018 | Richard McEvoy | 266 | −18 | 2 strokes | Steven Tiley |
| 2017 | Aaron Rai | 266 | −18 | 5 strokes | Morten Ørum Madsen |
| 2016 | Alexander Björk | 270 | −14 | 1 stroke | Nick Cullen Aaron Rai |
| 2015 | Ryan Fox | 270 | −14 | 1 stroke | Thomas Linard |
| 2014 | Andrew Johnston | 268 | −16 | 4 strokes | An Byeong-hun Connor Arendell Jens Fahrbring Clément Sordet (a) |
| 2013 | Brinson Paolini | 269 | −19 | 1 stroke | Sihwan Kim Adrián Otaegui |
# Le Vauroux

Le Vauroux (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# Le Perron

Le Perron (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
# League of Women Voters of Wisconsin

The League of Women Voters of Wisconsin is the Wisconsin state chapter of the League of Women Voters.

## Voting and democracy work
### Legislature's attempts to increase its power

In March 2019, the league won a lawsuit to block the passage of laws during a lame-duck session to strip incoming democratic governor Tony Evers of power before he took office, arguing that the "extraordinary session" was done in violation of the constitution. The Wisconsin Supreme Court in 4-3 ruling, overturned that decision in June 2021, restoring the curbs to the governor's power made by the legislature.
The chapter has also opposed proposed 2024 refendum to further weaken the power of the governor to spend federal money.

### Redistricting

Pushing for redistricting reform in Wisconsin for decades, and started partnering with Common Cause in Wisconsin and the Democracy Campaign in 2012 to push for change.

### Voter ID Laws

The League also sued the state over its Voter ID laws, winning an injunction in 2012 against the requirement.

### Voter purges

The league has also filed legal briefs disputing the legality of some of the voter purges in Wisconsin, arguing 7% of the people should not have been on the purge list. The group also increased education efforts around the purge to help make sure voters know how to check their registration status.

## History

Jessie Jack Hooper was the first president of the Wisconsin League of Women Voters in 1920. The chapter carried the maxim "every woman an intelligent voter," and Hooper served two terms as its first president.
# Law enforcement in Korea

Law enforcement in Korea is the subject of two separate articles:
* Law enforcement in North Korea
* Law enforcement in South Korea
# Leeson House

Leeson House is a field studies centre in the village of Langton Matravers in the heart of the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, England. The Isle of Purbeck forms part of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site, designated in 2001. Run as a day and residential centre by Dorset County Council Outdoor Education Service it has been providing environmental education since 1966.

## History

There has probably been a dwelling of some sort on or near the site of the present house since Saxon times. The site was recorded in the Domesday book as 'Lestington', meaning "the farm of the followers of Lest". In 1805 Reverend John Dampier knocked down most of the farmhouse and built a new home, calling it Leeson house. He later sold it to the wealthy Garland family from Poole to use as a second home. In 1903, it was sold again and became a boarding school for girls. In 1940, the girls were sent home during World War II. The house was taken over by the Air Ministry and was used for top secret Radar research. From Leeson they completed the world's first successful tracking of a submarine, in Swanage Bay. Due to concerns about the safety of the project it was moved inland after only 18 months. Several air raid shelters still exist on site. There is a project to convert a bomb shelter to attract the Greater Horseshoe Bat to roost. After the war it became a boy's boarding pre-prep school which closed in 1966. In 1967 Leeson House was officially opened as a Field Studies Centre.

## Facilities

The main house is Grade II listed and dates back to the early 19th century. It provides accommodation for up to 60 students plus staff, two dining rooms, two lounges, games/conference hall, changing room/drying room and a separate teaching block with fully equipped field laboratory, a library and two classrooms. The centre has seven acres of private grounds that contain a wide variety of habitats including three ponds, meadows and woodland areas. There is also a bird hide, games field and a small campsite. Deer and badgers are frequent visitors to the grounds and a healthy population of newts reside in the ponds.

## Activities

Leeson House runs field study and outdoor education courses for pupils from reception to A level, offering activities tailored for each school.
# Legend of the Hillbilly Butcher

Legend of the Hillbilly Butcher is a 2013 American horror film that was written and directed by Joaquin Montalvan. The film was released to DVD and VOD on 23 September 2014 and stars Paul E. Respass as a hillbilly with a taste for human flesh.

## Plot

Carl Henry Jessup (Paul E. Respass) is a hillbilly that has spent his days with his half sister Rae Lynn (Theresa Holly) and best friend Billy Wayne (Chris Shumway). He's unhappy over the loss of his parents, who died in a murder-suicide, so he decides that he will plead with the demon Sam Bakoo (Allen East) to bring him back. However, as Carl has also spent much of his time indulging in cannibalism, his soul is not enough to appease Sam.

## Cast

* Paul E. Respass as Carl Henry Jessup
* Doreen Barnes as Mama Jessup
* Allen East as Sam Bakoo
* S.E. Feinberg as The Storyteller
* Theresa Holly as Rae Lynn
* Chris Shumway as Billy Wayne

## Reception

Critical reception for Legend Of The Hillbilly Butcher has been mixed. Ain't It Cool News praised the film for its "twisted imagery" and "the embrace of retro coolness by most of its cast", while DVD Talk commented that it would be a good rental film. Bloody Disgusting panned Legend Of The Hillbilly Butcher, commenting that while it "does an excellent job of establishing a Grindhouse look and feel that many low budget films fail to grasp", it "suffers with not fully embracing its concept, including its painfully slow pace."
# Lecithocera echinata

Lecithocera echinata is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by László Anthony Gozmány in 1978. It is found in Afghanistan.
# Leningradsky District

Leningradsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia.

## Districts of the federal subjects

* Leningradsky District, Krasnodar Krai, an administrative and municipal district of Krasnodar Krai

## City divisions

* Leningradsky Administrative District, Kaliningrad, an administrative district of the city of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast
# Lejławki

Lejławki may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Lejławki Małe
* Lejławki Wielkie
# Leichenschrei

Leichenschrei is the second album by the band SPK. It was released in 1982 on Thermidor Records in the United States and in 1983 on the band's own Side Effekts label in the United Kingdom. The title is a German word meaning "corpse scream", and might refer to an alleged supernatural behavior exhibited by the deceased.
The band was listed on the initial Thermidor release as "SPK", although subsequent vinyl reissues were credited to "Sozialistisches Patienten Kollektiv", a reference to the leftist German patients' group of the same name. The name was misspelled on the CD reissue as "Socialistisches Patienten Kollektiv".

## Legacy

In a 1987 interview for Italian fanzine Snowdonia, Edward Ka-Spel of The Legendary Pink Dots stated that he thought industrial music should have stopped after Leichenschrei, describing it as a "brilliant album" and "nobody could make a better, more definitive work in industrial music".

## Track listing

No track listing was provided with the initial release on Thermidor Records. The first side of vinyl editions of the album end with a lockgroove. Sides one and two of the vinyl editions are labeled "Seite ((Lysso))" and "Seite ((Klono))", respectively.

### Side one

* "Genetic Transmission" – 3:17
* "Post-Mortem" – 2:24
* "Desolation" – 1:18
* "Napalm (Terminal Patient)" – 2:39
* "Cry from the Sanatorium" – 2:26
* "Baby Blue Eyes" – 2:38
* "Israel" – 2:46
* "Internal Bleeding" – 1:46
* "Chamber Music" – 3:26

### Side two

* "Despair" – 4:45
* "The Agony of the Plasma" – 3:03
* "Day of Pigs" – 4:18
* "Wars of Islam" – 4:31
* "Maladia Europa (The European Sickness)" – 3:50

## Personnel

According to the album liner notes:
* Oblivion (Graeme Revell) – synthesizer, electronic rhythms, tape, syncussion, vocals
* NE/H/IL (Neil Hill) – synthesizer, electronic rhythms, tape, treatments, vocals
* James Pinker – drums, syncussion, metal percussion, backing vocals
* Paul Charlier – guitar, bass, synthi
* Peter Kennard – guitar, bass
* Karel van Bergen – violin, vocals
* Sinan Leong – vocals, photography
* Brett Guerim – additional vocals
* Margaret Hill – additional vocals
* Lustmord – additional vocals
* Rose – additional vocals
* Phil Punch – mixing

## Charts

| Chart (1983) | Peak position |
| UK Indie Chart | 14 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1982 | Thermidor Records | LP | T-9 |
| United Kingdom | 1983 | Side Effekts | LP | SER 02 |
| Germany | 1986 | Normal Records | LP | NORMAL 26 |
| United Kingdom | 1992 | The Grey Area | CD | SPK 2CD |
# Lees Mayall

Sir Alexander Lees Mayall KCVO CMG (14 September 1915 – 27 December 1992) was a British diplomat who served as Vice-Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps.

## Biography

Mayall was born in Atcham, Shropshire, the son of Alexander Mayall, of Bealings End, Woodbridge, Suffolk, by his wife Isobel Margaret, daughter of Frederick James Roberts Hendy, Director of Education at Oxford University. The Mayall family were minor Lancashire gentry since the late eighteenth century.
After Eton and Trinity College, Oxford, Mayall joined the Foreign Office and was promoted to Third Secretary in 1940. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1964 while serving at the British embassy in Lisbon.
From 1940 to 1965, he was en poste in British Embassies in Switzerland, Egypt, France, Japan, Portugal and Ethiopia as well as serving stints in the UK. He served as Vice-Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps between 1965 and 1972, and was invested as a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in recognition of his services. In 1973 he was appointed British Ambassador to Venezuela. After he retired to Wiltshire in 1975, he published his memoirs entitled Fireflies in Amber (ISBN 0 85955 162 8) published by Michael Russell (Publishing) Ltd, The Chantry, Wilton, Salisbury.
In 1940, Mayall married Renee Eileen, daughter of Sir (Roland) Clive Wallace Burn, K.C.V.O.; they had a daughter, and divorced in 1947. He married secondly, on 24 January 1947, Hon. Mary Hermione Ormsby-Gore, formerly wife of Capt. Robin Francis Campbell, D.S.O., and daughter of William Ormsby-Gore, 4th Baron Harlech by his wife Lady Beatrice Edith Mildred Gascoyne-Cecil. They had a son and two daughters.
Mayall was a friend and neighbour of the writer Anthony Powell, featuring regularly in his Journals.