OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blaenavon Railroad

The Blaenavon Railroad was a horse drawn tramroad built to link Blaenavon Ironworks with the Monmouthshire Canal in south east Wales.

## Background

In 1789 most of the building of Blaenavon Ironworks had been completed and the lease for the land was signed in November. At this time transport of goods between Blaenavon and Newport was by teams of packhorses and mules using hillside tracks and parish roads.
A more efficient method of transport was needed and Thomas Hill I, the leading partner behind the ironworks, became one of the promoters of the Monmouthshire Canal. In 1791 a parliamentary bill proposed the canal and was given assent in 1792. The Canal Act also allowed for the building of tramroads to nearby collieries, quarries, and mines.

## Construction

The newly formed Monmouthshire Canal Company appointed Thomas Dadford, Jr. as engineer for both the canal and tramroad. Construction started in 1793 and the tramroad/canal link to the port of Newport opened in February 1796.
The tramroad was originally built with a 3 ft 4 in (1,016 mm) gauge. The route to the canal at Pontnewynydd was 5 miles (8.0 km) and descended 600 feet (180 m).

## Closure

In 1845 the Monmouthshire Canal Company obtained an Act of Parliament to improve the Blaenavon Railroad and connect it to a new railway to Newport under the control of a new company, the Newport and Pontypool Railway. The completed 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) gauge line opened in 1854, replacing the tramroad.

## Remains

Very little evidence of the tramroad is visible but an iron milepost exists on the road that was once the route of the tramroad.
# Delmotte

Delmotte is a surname.

## List of people with the surname

* Christophe Delmotte (born 1969), Franco-Belgian former professional footballer
* Fernand Delmotte (1920–1998), Belgian politician
* Hans Delmotte (1917–1945), Belgian SS Officer
* Henri Delmotte (1822–1884), Belgian playwright, librettist and novelist
* Gabriel Delmotte (1876–1950) was a French astronomer
* Roger Delmotte (born 1925), French classical trumpeter
* Nicolas Delmotte (born 1978), French show jumping competitor
* Valerie Masson-Delmotte, French climate scientist
# Bourne test

The Bourne test is a non-invasive and inexpensive diagnostic test for the diagnosis of vesicointestinal fistulae.

## Method

The patient is given a barium enema, after which a urine sample is taken. The sample is then centrifuged and compared radiologically to a control. Either a precipitate of barium or evidence of radiopacity indicates a fistula.
# Amorphoscelis tigrina

Amorphoscelis tigrina is a species of praying mantis found in West Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Senegal).
# Idlib Governorate clashes

Idlib Governorate clashes took place during the Syrian civil war, those may refer to the following phases of conflict:
* Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011–March 2012) – first wave of violence
* April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation – an organized assault by Syrian Army in Idlib province prior to UN brokered cease-fire
* Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2012–April 2013) – third phase of violence, resulted in a stalemate
* 2014 Idlib offensive – rebel advances
* al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict – fighting between al-Nusra Front and FSA groups
* October 2016 Idlib Governorate clashes – fighting between Jund al-Aqsa and other rebels
* Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017) – wider rebel infighting in Idlib
* Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017) – more infighting between Ahrar al-Sham and Tahrir al-Sham
* Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate – Turkish Army operation in northern Idlib
# La Seu

La Seu may refer to :

## Churches
### France

* La Seu de Perpinyà, the cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in Perpignan

### Italy

* La Seu de l'Alguer, the cathedral of Alghero on the island of Sardinia

### Spain

* La Seu d'Alacant, the San Nicolas cathedral in Alicante
* La Seu de Barcelona, the cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia in Barcelona
* La Seu de Castelló, the co-cathedral of Saint Mary in Castellón de la Plana
* La Seu d'Eivissa, the Ibiza Cathedral
* La Seu de Girona, the cathedral of Saint Mary of Girona
* La Seu Nova de Lleida, the present Saint John the Baptist cathedral of the city of Lleida
* La Seu Vella, Lleida, the former Saint Mary cathedral of the city of Lleida
* La Seu de Mallorca, the cathedral of Saint Mary of Palma de Mallorca
* La Seu de Manresa, the Collegiate Basilica of Saint Mary in Manresa
* La Seu de Menorca, the Minorca Cathedral
* La Seu d'Oriola, the Orihuela Cathedral
* La Seu de Sant Feliu de Llobregat, the Sant Feliu de Llobregat Cathedral
* La Seu de Sogorb, the Segorbe Cathedral
* La Seu de Solsona, the cathedral of Saint Mary of Solsona
* La Seu de Tarragona, the Tarragona Cathedral
* La Seu de Terrassa, the cathedral of the Holy Spirit of Terrassa
* La Seu de Tortosa, the Tortosa Cathedral
* La Seu de València, the Valencia Cathedral
* La Seu de Vic, the cathedral of Saint Peter of Vic
* La Seu d'Urgell, the cathedral of Saint Mary of Urgell
* La Seu de Xàtiva, the Collegiate Basilica of Xàtiva

## Other uses

* La Seu d'Urgell, town in the Catalan Pyrenees of Spain
# La Serre (disambiguation)

La Serre might refer to:
* Jean Puget de la Serre (1594-1665), writer and dramatist
* Jean-Louis-Ignace de La Serre (1662-1757), writer and dramatist
* Charles Barbier de la Serre (1767-1841), cryptographer
* La Serre, commune in the department of Aveyron, France
* La Serre-Bussière-Vieille, commune in the department of Creuse, France
* La Serre, pen name of Simon-Joseph Pellegrin
# La cosa buffa

La cosa buffa (lit. The Funny Thing) is a 1972 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Aldo Lado. It is an adaptation of a 1966 Italian novel of the same name by Giuseppe Berto.

## Plot

A young elementary school teacher falls in love with a Venetian woman who is the daughter of a wealthy industrialist.

## Production

The film is set and was shot in Venice. The music by Ennio Morricone contains parts sung by Edda Dell'Orso.
# La Tuque generating station

The La Tuque generating station is a hydroelectric power plant, located on the Saint-Maurice River, at the height of the city of La Tuque, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. This power plant is the property of Hydro-Québec. It is sixth of eleven hydroelectric dams on the river from the mouth.

## Geography

With a catchment area of 32,016 square kilometres (12,361 sq mi), the dam forms a large water tank of 800 hectares (2,000 acres). The mouth of the Bostonnais River flows into this great reservoir of Saint-Maurice River whose waters are retained by the dam. The next dam downstream on this river is the Grand-Mère's dam. The distance between these two dams offer a wide range of significant water for recreational boating.
# Labastide-de-Lévis

Labastide-de-Lévis is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.
# Lahawarthakari

Lahawarthakari is a village development committee in Parsa District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 4,038 people living in 523 individual households. There were 2,129 males and 1,909 females at the time of census.
# Lac des Bois (Northwest Territories)

Lac des Bois is a lake in the Northwest Territories, Canada.
# Lafoeina

Lafoeina is a genus of hydrozoans belonging to the family Campanulinidae.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Lafoeina longitheca Jäderholm, 1904
* Lafoeina maxima Levinsen, 1893
* Lafoeina tenuis Sars, 1874
# Lajmi

Lajmi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kalpana Lajmi (1954–2018), Indian film director
* Lalita Lajmi (1932–2023), Indian painter
# Lagan Valley Hospital

The Lagan Valley Hospital is a hospital in Lisburn, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It provides services to people from Greater Lisburn, the Lisburn City Council area and other parts of South East Ulster. It is managed by the South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust.

## History

The hospital has its origins in the Lisburn Union Workhouse and Infirmary that opened during the famine in 1841. It became the Lisburn and Hillsborough District Hospital in 1921. After a major extension, the hospital was renamed Lagan Valley Hospital in 1947. Following the closure of the geriatric units at Killowen and Lissue in the 1980s, further expansion took place.
In February 2008, the trust announced that maternity services were to cease at the hospital in 2009. The decision sparked major controversy and heralded the 'Save our Services' campaign, which was backed by local politicians and local newspaper, the Ulster Star. The move was part of measures to cut costs; however it has been claimed that the closure will put other hospitals in the region into 'meltdown'. A senior member of maternity liaison committee stated that it would have a 'detrimental impact', as hospitals in Belfast and Craigavon were already 'bursting'. Such claims were rejected by Health minister Michael McGimpsey, who deemed them 'unhelpful'. The closure came only two years after the decision to strip the hospital of acute services.
Similar controversy was caused by limiting the opening hours of the accident and emergency unit to daytime hours of 8.00am to 8.00pm in 2011. Local politicians and members of the community complained vociferously about the limited opening hours and demanded a full accident and emergency service be restored, and although it was reported in June 2012 that Health Minister Edwin Poots was poised to restore a comprehensive service, this never happened.
# Lake District Mysteries

The Lake District Mysteries are a series of detective novels by British crime writer Martin Edwards. The books feature Hannah Scarlett and the historian Daniel Kind, and are the first series of crime novels by a British detective novelist to be set in the Lake District, a region in North-West England.
The first book in the series, The Coffin Trail, was one of six books shortlisted for the Theakston’s Old Peculier Award for best crime novel of 2006, and each of the novels has received outstanding reviews. The books are published by Allison & Busby in the UK, by Poisoned Pen Press in the US, and by Luebbe in Germany.

## Novels

* The Coffin Trail (2004)
* The Cipher Garden (2006)
* The Arsenic Labyrinth (2007)
* The Serpent Pool (2010)
* The Hanging Wood (2011)
* The Frozen Shroud (2013)
* The Dungeon House (2015)
* The Crooked Shore (aka The Girl They All Forgot) (2021)

## Characters
### Daniel Kind

Daniel is a historian with a personal and professional interest in the work of detectives who has abandoned a highly successful career following the suicide of his partner. During the course of the Lake District Mysteries, Daniel comes to know Detective Chief Inspector Hannah Scarlett and gradually a relationship develops between them.
Daniel first appeared in The Coffin Trail.

### Hannah Scarlett

She is a Detective Chief Inspector in the Cumbria Constabulary and heads the Cold Case Review Team.
Hannah first appeared in The Coffin Trail. She lives with bookseller Marc Amos, but during the course of the Lake District Mysteries she becomes increasingly drawn to the historian, Daniel Kind, son of the veteran police officer who was her mentor in the early years of her career in the police.
# Lailongmen, Liling

Lailongmen Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 来龙门街道; traditional Chinese: 來龍門街道; pinyin: Lailongmen Jiedao) is a Subdistrict in Liling City, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2000 census it had a population of 59,000 and an area of 18.4 square kilometers.

## Cityscape

The township is divided into 4 villages and 7 communities, the following areas: Mafangtang Community, Sitang Community, Wenmiao Community, Shengli Community, Beimen Community, Shizipo Community, Dingjiafang Community, Shangzhou Village, Shantian Village, Ma'ao Village, and Dong'an Village (马放塘社区、四塘社区、文庙社区、胜利社区、北门社区、狮子坡社区、丁家坊社区、上洲村、珊田村、马脑村、东岸村).
# Lailoken

Lailoken (aka Merlyn Sylvester) was a semi-legendary madman and prophet who lived in the Caledonian Forest in the late 6th century. The Life of Saint Kentigern mentions "a certain foolish man, who was called Laleocen" living at or near the village of Peartnach (Partick) within the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Laleocen correctly prophesied the death of King Rhydderch Hael.
As a wild man and seer living in the forests of what is now southern Scotland, Lailoken is often identified with Myrddin Wyllt, the Welsh forerunner of the Arthurian wizard Merlin. Myrddin is particularly associated with the Battle of Arfderydd in Cumberland (now Cumbria) and the area just to the north, over the border in modern Scotland; Myrddin fought for the losing side and, after the battle, went insane.
There was also a late 15th-century story Lailoken and Kentigern which states: "...some say he was called Merlynum".
Lailoken may be a form of the name Llallogan, which occurs in the Welsh poem Cyfoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd ei Chwaer (or "The Conversation of Merlin and his Sister Gwenddydd"), where Gwenddydd refers to Merlin as Llallawg and its diminutive, Llallwgan. The name is comparable to Modern Welsh *llallog “brother, friend, lord (as a form of address); honour, dignity”, also "a twin; twin(-like)".
# Lailly

Lailly (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.
# Lamoille Lake

Lamoille Lake is a glacial tarn in the Ruby Mountains of Elko County, Nevada, United States. It is within the Ruby Mountains Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The lake is located at the head of Lamoille Canyon, at approximately 40°34.6′N 115°23.7′W﻿ / ﻿40.5767°N 115.3950°W﻿ / 40.5767; -115.3950, and at an elevation of 9,747 feet (2,971 meters). It has an area of approximately 13.6 acres (5.5 hectares). It is a popular destination for day hikers and fishing, as the Ruby Crest National Recreation Trail passes its eastern shore before beginning a steep climb to Liberty Pass.
Lamoille Lake and the Dollar Lakes are the principal sources of Lamoille Creek, which after exiting the mountains passes through the town of Lamoille, meanders down Lamoille Valley, and then merges with the main branch of the Humboldt River.
# Lambda Velorum

Lambda Velorum (λ Velorum, abbreviated Lambda Vel, λ Vel), officially named Suhail /ˈsuːheɪl/, is a star in the southern constellation of Vela. With a mean apparent visual magnitude of 2.21, this is the third-brightest star in the constellation and one of the brighter stars in the sky. The distance to this star can be measured directly using the parallax technique, yielding an estimated 545 light-years (167 parsecs) from the Sun.

## Nomenclature

λ Velorum (Latinised to Lambda Velorum) is the star's Bayer designation.
It bore the traditional Arabic name سهيل الوزن Suhail al Wazn, but as a modern navigation star this was shortened to Suhail. 'Suhail' (a common Arabic male first name) was traditionally used for at least three other stars: Canopus; Gamma Velorum (Suhail al Muhlif); and Zeta Puppis (Suhail Hadar). In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Suhail for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names (Canopus had its name approved as is, and Zeta Puppis was given the name Naos).
In Chinese astronomy, Suhail is called 天記 (Pinyin: Tiānjì), meaning Judge for Estimating the Age of Animals, because this star is marking itself and stands alone in the Judge for Estimating the Age of Animals asterism. Ghost mansion (see: Chinese constellation), 天記 (Tiānjì), was westernized into Tseen Ke, but the name Tseen Ke was designated for Psi Velorum by R. H. Allen works and the meaning is "Heaven's Record".

## Properties

It has an spectral classification of K4 Ib, with the luminosity class Ib meaning that it is a lower luminosity red supergiant star. The outer envelope of λ Velorum has an effective temperature of about 3,835 K, giving it the cool orange hue of a K-type star. It is an Lc-type, slow irregular variable star with its brightness varying between apparent magnitudes +2.14 to +2.30.
λ Velorum is an evolved star that has exhausted the hydrogen in its core region. It has about seven times the mass of the Sun. Despite having the luminosity class of a red supergiant star, it is likely to be on or approaching the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), although its properties do not exclude it being a slightly more massive star on the red giant branch (RGB). As an AGB star it has an inert core of carbon and oxygen and is alternately fusing helium and hydrogen in two shells outside the core. The star's outer envelope has expanded to form a deep, convective, hydrogen-burning layer that is generating a magnetic field. The surface strength of this field has been measured at 1.72 ± 0.33 G. Massive stars use their hydrogen "fuel" much faster than do smaller stars and Lambda Velorum is estimated to be only some 32 million years old.
λ Velorum is near the upper end of the mass range for intermediate stars, which end their lives by producing a planetary nebula and a white dwarf remnant. It may be massive enough to produce an electron-capture supernova (like the supernova that formed the Crab Nebula), and hence a neutron star.
# Lance Carter

Lance David Carter (born December 18, 1974) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) relief pitcher and current minor league pitching coach. He pitched in MLB with the Kansas City Royals, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, and Los Angeles Dodgers. He batted and threw right-handed.

## Playing career

Selected by the Kansas City Royals in the 21st round of the 1994 Major League Baseball draft out of Manatee Community College, Carter spent 6 years in the Royals minor league system, including losing the entire 1997 season due to injury, before making his major league debut with the Royals on September 15, 1999. Carter did not play in the majors in 2000 and became a free agent at the end of the season. He did not play at all in 2001 and signed with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays on January 11, 2002. Carter had a career year in 2003; Carter became the Devil Rays closer and was elected to the All-Star Game as a reserve, but did not play. During the 2003 season, he went 7–5 with a 4.33 ERA. In 2004, Carter had a 3.47 ERA in 56 games, and a 4.89 ERA in 39 games in 2005.
On January 14, 2006, Carter and Danys Báez were traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Edwin Jackson and minor leaguer Chuck Tiffany. Carter struggled in his 10 games for the Dodgers before he was sent down to Triple-A Las Vegas. A free agent after the 2006 season, Carter signed with the Orix Buffaloes of Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan. Carter pitched in just about every role for the Buffaloes, with 11 starts in 34 games and 6 saves with a 4.48 ERA.
On January 2, 2008, he signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays with an invitation to spring training. He pitched three scoreless innings in spring training for the Blue Jays, but was sent to minor league camp. He spent the entire 2008 season on the minor league disabled list and became a free agent at the end of the season.

## Post-playing career

After retiring from the field, Carter served as a pitching coach for the University of South Florida, and in the Philadelphia Phillies' organization. Carter played a similar role for the Lowell Spinners, short-season affiliate of the Boston Red Sox, from 2015 to 2017, and was promoted by Boston to be pitching coach of the Class A-Advanced Salem Red Sox in 2018. In January 2020, Carter was named pitching coach of the Double-A Portland Sea Dogs.

## Personal life

Carter and his family reside in Bradenton, Florida. He and his wife Maeve have three children.
# Lakeview School District

Lakeview School District may refer to:
* Lakeview School District (Battle Creek, Michigan), a school district in Battle Creek, Michigan
* Lakeview School District (Mercer County, Pennsylvania), a school district in Pennsylvania
* Lakeview School District (Oregon), a school district in Oregon
* Lakeview Local Schools, a school district in Ohio
* Lakeview Public Schools (Michigan), a school district in Michigan
* Lakeview Schools, a school district in Minnesota
* Lake View School District, a former school district in Arkansas
* Dillon School District One, a school district in Lake View, South Carolina
# Lance Wilder

Lance Wilder is an American animator and longtime background designer on The Simpsons, joining during the show's second season and having done work on roughly 600 episodes. He also served as background design supervisor from 1993 to 2003 and worked as the background design lead on The Simpsons Movie. His other credits as a background designer include The Critic, Mission Hill, King of the Hill, Duckman, and Rugrats.

## Biography

Wilder was born in Lowell, Massachusetts and raised in the nearby town of Chelmsford and graduated from Chelmsford High School in 1986. Various landmarks from the area where he grew up were later incorporated into his design work on The Simpsons, such as the Springfield Town Hall, which directly takes its design from the Chelmsford Public Library.
He is an alumnus of the Rhode Island School of Design. After graduating in 1990, he moved to Los Angeles and was hired as a background designer for The Simpsons immediately despite no previous experience in animation, with his first assignment being "The Raven" segment of the original "Treehouse of Horror" episode. Wilder was responsible for the infamous "Squirrel House" design from "Treehouse of Horror V", which took him several days to draw only to be cut from the final episode. He was also featured in the 2000 BBC documentary The Simpsons: America's First Family. He received an Annie Award nomination in 2013.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1990–present | The Simpsons | Background designer (417 episodes) Background design supervisor (255 episodes) Animator (1 episode) | |
| 1990 | Bart Simpson: Do The Bartman | Background designer | Music video |
| 1991 | Rugrats | Background layout artist (5 episodes) | |
| 1994 | Duckman | Background designer (1 episode) | |
| 1994 | The Critic | Background designer (7 episodes) | |
| 1996 | Quack Pack | Key background stylist (2 episodes background artist (1 episode) | |
| 1997 | King of the Hill | Background designer (1 episode) | |
| 1998-2000 | Histeria! | Background designer (17 episodes) | |
| 2000-2002 | Mission Hill | Background designer (8 episodes) | |
| 2007 | The Simpsons Movie | Background design lead | |