# 52nd United States Congress

The 52nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1891, to March 4, 1893, during the final two years of Benjamin Harrison's presidency.
The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1880 United States census.
The Republicans maintained a majority in the Senate (albeit reduced), but the Democrats won back the majority in the House, ending the Republican overall federal government trifecta.

## Major legislation

* May 5, 1892: Geary Act
* February 13, 1893: Harter Act (Carriage of Goods by Sea), ch. 105, 27 Stat. 445

## Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

### Senate

| | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant |
| | Democratic (D) | Populist (P) | Independent (I) | Republican (R) | Other | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous congress | 35 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 86 | 2 |
| Begin | 36 | 1 | 1 | 46 | 0 | 84 | 4 |
| End | 39 | 2 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 88 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 44.3% | 2.3% | 0.0% | 53.4% | 0.0% | | |
| Beginning of next congress | 44 | 3 | 0 | 37 | 1 | 85 | 3 |

### House of Representatives

| | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant |
| | Democratic (D) | Populist (P) | Republican (R) | Other | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous congress | 153 | 0 | 176 | 1 | 330 | 2 |
| Begin | 236 | 9 | 87 | 0 | 332 | 0 |
| End | 233 | 9 | 86 | 0 | 328 | 4 |
| Final voting share | 71.0% | 2.7% | 26.2% | 0.0% | | |
| Beginning of next congress | 213 | 11 | 127 | 2 | 353 | 3 |

## Leadership
### Senate

* President: Levi P. Morton (R)
* President pro tempore: Charles F. Manderson (R)
* Republican Conference Chairman: John Sherman
* Democratic Caucus Chairman: Arthur P. Gorman

### House of Representatives

* Speaker: Charles F. Crisp (D)
* Minority Leader: Thomas B. Reed
* Democratic Caucus Chairman: William S. Holman
* Republican Conference Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson
* Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Roswell P. Flower

## Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
    Skip to House of Representatives, below

### Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Senators are listed by Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1892; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1896.

### House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

## Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

### Senate

* Replacements: 7
** Democratic: no net change
** Republican: no net change
** Liberal Republican: 1 seat net loss
* Deaths: 4
* Resignations: 5
* Interim appointments: 1
* Total seats with changes: 10

### House of Representatives

* replacements: 15
** Democratic: 1-seat net loss
** Republican: 1-seat net gain
* Deaths: 10
* Resignations: 8
* Contested election: 1
* Total seats with changes: 18
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
| New York 10th | Francis B. Spinola (D) | Died April 14, 1891 | W. Bourke Cockran (D) | November 3, 1891 |
| Michigan 5th | Melbourne H. Ford (D) | Died April 20, 1891 | Charles E. Belknap (R) | November 3, 1891 |
| Tennessee 2nd | Leonidas C. Houk (R) | Died May 25, 1891 | John C. Houk (R) | December 7, 1891 |
| South Dakota At-large | John R. Gamble (R) | Died August 14, 1891 | John L. Jolley (R) | December 7, 1891 |
| New York 22nd | Leslie W. Russell (R) | Resigned September 11, 1891, after being elected judge for the New York Supreme Court | Newton M. Curtis (R) | November 3, 1891 |
| New York 12th | Roswell P. Flower (D) | Resigned September 16, 1891, to run for Governor of New York | Joseph J. Little (D) | November 3, 1891 |
| New York 2nd | David A. Boody (D) | Resigned October 13, 1891, to run for Mayor of Brooklyn, New York | Alfred C. Chapin (D) | November 3, 1891 |
| Virginia 8th | William H. F. Lee (D) | Died October 15, 1891 | Elisha E. Meredith (D) | December 9, 1891 |
| Pennsylvania 24th | Andrew Stewart (R) | Election was successfully challenged February 26, 1892 | Alexander K. Craig (D) | February 26, 1892 |
| Kentucky 10th | John W. Kendall (D) | Died March 7, 1892 | Joseph M. Kendall (D) | April 21, 1892 |
| California 3rd | Joseph McKenna (R) | Resigned March 28, 1892 | Samuel G. Hilborn (R) | December 5, 1892 |
| Texas 9th | Roger Q. Mills (D) | Resigned March 28, 1892, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | Edwin Le Roy Antony (D) | June 14, 1892 |
| South Carolina 6th | Eli T. Stackhouse (D) | Died June 14, 1892 | John L. McLaurin (D) | December 5, 1892 |
| Pennsylvania 24th | Alexander K. Craig (D) | Died July 29, 1892 | William A. Sipe (D) | December 5, 1892 |
| Ohio 16th | John G. Warwick (D) | Died August 14, 1892 | Lewis P. Ohliger (D) | December 5, 1892 |
| Maryland 1st | Henry Page (D) | Resigned September 3, 1892, to become judge for the Maryland Court of Appeals | John B. Brown (D) | November 8, 1892 |
| New Jersey 7th | Edward F. McDonald (D) | Died November 5, 1892 | Vacant until next Congress | Vacant until next Congress |
| New York 2nd | Alfred C. Chapin (D) | Resigned November 16, 1892 | Vacant until next Congress | Vacant until next Congress |
| Massachusetts 6th | Henry Cabot Lodge (R) | Resigned March 3, 1893, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | Vacant until next Congress | Vacant until next Congress |
| Wisconsin 4th | John L. Mitchell (D) | Resigned March 3, 1893, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | Vacant until next Congress | Vacant until next Congress |

## Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

### House of Representatives

* Accounts (Chairman: Harry Welles Rusk; Ranking Member: Albert J. Pearson)
* Agriculture (Chairman: William H. Hatch; Ranking Member: Charles L. Moses)
* Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select)
* Appropriations (Chairman: William S. Holman; Ranking Member: David B. Henderson)
* Banking and Currency (Chairman: Henry Bacon; Ranking Member: Seth W. Cobb)
* Claims (Chairman: Benjamin H. Bunn; Ranking Member: Isaac N. Cox)
* Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Richard P. Bland; Ranking Member: George F. Williams)
* Disposition of Executive Papers (Chairman: William E. Haynes; Ranking Member: Thomas Bowman)
* District of Columbia (Chairman: John J. Hemphill; Ranking Member: Cornelius A. Cadmus)
* Education (Chairman: Benjamin A. Enloe; Ranking Member: Edwin Hallowell)
* Elections (Chairman: Charles T. O'Ferrall; Ranking Member: George Johnstone)
* Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Owen Scott; Ranking Member: John A. Pickler)
* Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Paul C. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Kittel Halvorson)
* Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: James W. Owens; Ranking Member: William W. Grout)
* Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: John M. Allen; Ranking Member: Ezra B. Taylor)
* Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Charles A.O. McClellan; Ranking Member: George W. Ray)
* Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William C. Oates; Ranking Member: James S. Gorman)
* Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Rufus E. Lester; Ranking Member: John Sanford)
* Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: George H. Brickner; Ranking Member: William A. Stone)
* Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Alexander B. Montgomery; Ranking Member: Robert R. Hitt)
* Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Henry M. Youmans; Ranking Member: John H. Ketcham)
* Foreign Affairs (Chairman: James H. Blount; Ranking Member: Isidor Rayner)
* Indian Affairs (Chairman: Samuel W. Peel; Ranking Member: Benjamin H. Clover)
* Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: George D. Wise; Ranking Member: Asher G. Caruth)
* Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Augustus N. Martin; Ranking Member: Edward F. McDonald then Walter H. Butler)
* Judiciary (Chairman: David B. Culberson; Ranking Member: Fernando C. Layton)
* Labor (Chairman: John C. Tarsney; Ranking Member: John W. Causey)
* Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Chairman: Samuel M. Robertson; Ranking Member: William McAleer)
* Manufactures (Chairman: Charles H. Page; Ranking Member: Archibald H.A. Williams)
* Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: Samuel Fowler; Ranking Member: Herman Stump)
* Mileage (Chairman: James N. Castle; Ranking Member: John A. Caldwell)
* Military Affairs (Chairman: Joseph H. Outhwaite; Ranking Member: Edward F. McDonald then John C. Crosby)
* Militia (Chairman: Edward Lane; Ranking Member: Alexander K. Craig)
* Mines and Mining (Chairman: William H. H. Cowles; Ranking Member: Thomas Bowman)
* Naval Affairs (Chairman: Hilary A. Herbert; Ranking Member: William McAleer)
* Pacific Railroads (Chairman: James B. Reilly; Ranking Member: Frederick S. Coolidge)
* Patents (Chairman: George D. Tillman; Ranking Member: John T. Hamilton)
* Pensions (Chairman: Robert P.C. Wilson; Ranking Member: Charles L. Moses)
* Printing (Chairman: James D. Richardson; Ranking Member: Case Broderick)
* Private Land Claims (Chairman: Ashbel P. Fitch; Ranking Member: William T. Crawford)
* Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John S. Henderson; Ranking Member: John C. Crosby)
* Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: John H. Bankhead; Ranking Member: John De Witt Warner)
* Public Lands (Chairman: Thomas C. McRae; Ranking Member: Darius D. Hare)
* Railways and Canals (Chairman: Thomas C. Catchings; Ranking Member: Kittel Halvorson)
* Revision of Laws (Chairman: William T. Ellis; Ranking Member: Lemuel Amerman)
* Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Newton C. Blanchard; Ranking Member: Charles H. Page)
* Rules (Chairman: Charles F. Crisp; Ranking Member: Thomas B. Reed)
* Standards of Official Conduct
* Territories (Chairman: Joseph E. Washington; Ranking Member: Dennis D. Donovan)
* War Claims (Chairman: Frank E. Beltzhoover; Ranking Member: George W. Shell)
* Ways and Means (Chairman: William M. Springer; Ranking Member: Thomas B. Reed)
* Whole

### Joint committees

* Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
* Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
* The Library
* Printing

## Caucuses

* Democratic (House)
* Democratic (Senate)

## Employees
### Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
* Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
* Public Printer of the United States: Francis W. Palmer

### Senate

* Chaplain: John G. Butler (Lutheran)
* Secretary: Anson G. McCook
* Librarian: Alonzo M. Church
* Sergeant at Arms: Edward K. Valentine

### House of Representatives

* Clerk: Edward McPherson, until December 8, 1891
** James Kerr, from December 8, 1891
* Clerk at the Speaker's Table: Charles R. Crisp
* Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist)
* Doorkeeper: Charles H. Turner, elected December 8, 1891
* Reading Clerks: John A. Reeve (D) and James C. Broadwell (R)
* Postmaster: James W. Hathaway
* Sergeant at Arms: Adoniram J. Holmes, until December 8, 1891
** Samuel S. Yoder, from December 8, 1891