OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charup

Charup is a village in Saraswati Taluka of Patan district of Gujarat state of India.

## History

During Chaulukya rule, Charup was a large town populated predominantly by Jains. There is a large Jain temple dedicated to Parshwanath making it the place of pilgrimage among Jains. The chief deity is mentioned in the Prabhachandracharya's Prabhavak Charit dated Samvat 1334 (1278 CE). The temple was renovated in 1882 CE and a rest house was opened in 1900 CE.
# Charles Jeffrey (footballer)

Charles Jeffrey (died 9 May 1915) was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside left in the Scottish League for Abercorn.

## Personal life

Prior to the First World War, Jeffrey was the assistant schoolmaster at the Perth Barracks. He served as a sergeant in the Black Watch during the First World War and was killed on 9 May 1915. He is commemorated on the Le Touret Memorial.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Scottish Cup | Scottish Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Abercorn | 1913–14 | Scottish Second Division | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Abercorn | 1914–15 | Scottish Second Division | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
# Albert Niemann

Albert Niemann may refer to:
* Albert Niemann (tenor) (1831–1917), German opera singer
* Albert Niemann (paediatrician) (1880–1921), his son, described Niemann-Pick disease with Ludwig Pick
* Albert Niemann (chemist) (1834–1861), first isolated the alkaloid cocaine from the plant material
# Aldo Resega

Arnaldo Resega, known as Aldo Resega (16 September 1896 – 18 December 1943) was an Italian Fascist politician and soldier.

## Biography

Born in Milan in 1896 from Anacleto Resega and Maria Allievi, he participated in the First World War with the rank of infantry lieutenant, receiving a Silver Medal of Military Valor for courage displayed during the battle of Caporetto. When the Arditi were created, he volunteered for service with them and obtained command a small Arditi company, which he led across the Piave river during the battle of Vittorio Veneto, capturing a large number of prisoners and earning a Bronze Medal of Military Valor.
After the end of the war, Resega became a squadrista and joined the National Fascist Party, participating in the march on Rome. In 1936 he volunteered for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War with the rank of centurione (captain), commanding an Arditi company of the 6th CC.NN. Division "Tevere" and being awarded another bronze medal of military valor. During the Second World War he participated in operations on the Western Front, the Greek-Albanian front, in Croatia and Dalmatia, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel and receiving another silver and a bronze medal of military valor. Declared a war invalid for wounds suffered in combat, he was repatriated and on 5 June 1943 he was appointed federal inspector of the PNF in his native Milan.
After the fall of the Fascist regime and the Armistice of Cassibile, on 13 September 1943 Resega re-established the Milanese section of the PNF, then joining the Italian Social Republic and being appointed federal secretary of the Milan section of the Republican Fascist Party. His son Gianfranco enlisted as an officer in the Republican National Guard. According to Gianni Oliva, Resega represented the "moderate" faction of the Milanese Fascists, trying to curb excesses of the most hardliner elements, led by Francesco Colombo. Nevertheless, his position as head of the Milanese fascists made him a target for the Gruppi di Azione Patriottica, and in the evening of 18 December 1943 he was ambushed and shot dead in front of his home by three GAP members. Eight anti-Fascists were executed in reprisal on the following day at the Arena Civica; the GAP in turn opened fire on Resega's funeral procession on 20 December. When the Black Brigade of Milan was established in 1944, it was named after Resega.
# Albert Fuller

Albert Fuller may refer to:
* Albert Fuller (musician), American harpsichordist, conductor and proponent of early music
* Albert Fuller (politician), British member of parliament
* Albert W. Fuller, American architect
* Albert M. Fuller, American botanist and museum curator
# Chase County Courthouse (Kansas)

The Chase County Courthouse in Cottonwood Falls, Kansas was built in 1873 and is the oldest operating courthouse in Kansas.

## Overview

The courthouse was constructed from local limestone, and the three-story winding staircase was constructed from local walnut trees. The architectural style has been described as Second Empire or French Renaissance Revival.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. The architect was John G. Haskell who was among the architects of the Kansas State Capitol.
Tours are available by appointment by contacting the Chase County Chamber of Commerce.

## Gallery

* Birdseye view of Cottonwood Falls, 1875
* Clock Tower on the courthouse.
* Sideview of the courthouse.
* Close up view
# Charley Pierce

Charley Pierce (c. 1866 – May 2, 1895) was an American outlaw in the American Old West who rode with both the Dalton Gang and the Doolin Dalton Gang during the 1890s. He and "Bittercreek" Newcomb were killed by friends, the Dunn brothers, for bounty money.

## Early life and career

The younger life of Pierce is little known. He is known to have been born in Missouri but raised in Sullivan, Indiana, and was a cowboy at one time, as well as having ridden in horse races for money. His father, William Pierce, was an attorney, and Charley had three brothers, the oldest James, and his younger brother Joe. Joe Pierce was killed in a tragic mining accident while still a youth, and Willis who was learning the trade with Charley and was part of the Dalton gang for a time. He was not with his brother when he was killed, but came later when he heard of his demise. He was killed on a bridge going toward Pawnee, Oklahoma to identify his brother. He was running from the Texas Rangers on a warrant for his arrest and had a bounty on his head. He was killed by Texas Rangers that knew Charley had been killed.
Around early 1892 he joined the Dalton Gang, but after almost the entire gang was wiped out during the failed bank robbery attempts in Coffeyville, Kansas, he joined the Doolin-Dalton Gang, which was co-led by Bill Doolin and Bill Dalton. Pierce is known to have taken part in numerous bank and train robberies, and was present at the Battle of Ingalls, a gunfight between the gang and US Marshals which left three Deputy Marshals dead, two civilians dead, one gang member captured and two (including Pierce) wounded.
During the Ingalls gunfight, "Bittercreek" Newcomb and Charley Pierce were wounded, and "Arkansas Tom" Jones was captured. However, Newcomb and Pierce did escape, for a time hiding out to allow themselves to heal. Pierce had known Newcomb longer than any other member of the gang, having met him while working as a ranch hand on the Tulsa Stockyard Railhead. Once healed, the two rode to Pawnee, Oklahoma, to the house of Rose Dunn, a girlfriend of Newcomb's. Dunn's brothers, known as the Dunn Brothers, were bounty hunters, and by this time there was a significant bounty on both outlaws, believed to have been $5,000 for each. As Newcomb and Pierce dismounted, they were shot and killed by the Dunns. Pierce is buried in Guthrie, Oklahoma, where his body was taken by the Dunns to collect the bounty on him. Many years after his death, someone, though it was never known who, began placing flowers on his grave on the anniversary of his death, and threw hog guts on the grave of the Dunn Brothers who killed him.
# Chatham-Kent—Leamington

Chatham-Kent—Leamington could refer to:
* Chatham-Kent—Leamington (federal electoral district)
* Chatham-Kent—Leamington (provincial electoral district)
# Charles Warburton

Charles Mongan Warburton (born Terrence Charles Mongan; 1754–1826) was a 19th-century Anglican bishop who served two Irish Dioceses.
Mongan was originally a Roman Catholic who recanted and joined the Anglican community. His brother was a Catholic priest. Terence Mongan was Chaplain of the 62nd Regiment of Foot, before which point he was using the name Charles Mongan. He adopted the surname of Warburton (with the forenames Charles Mongan, or possibly Terrence Charles Mongan) by royal warrant in 1792 and, after serving as Dean of Ardagh (1790–1800) and then Clonmacnoise (1800–1806) was consecrated Bishop of Limerick on 13 July 1806. He was translated to Cloyne in 1820 and died in post on 9 August 1826, aged 72.
Arthur O'Neill in his memoirs gives the following interesting account of Mongan and his family: "In my travels I became acquainted with a Dominic Mungan, I may say I had known him since I was twelve years old. He was born blind in the County of Tyrone, and a real good harper. He was a Roman Catholic. I presume my following reason will plead an apology for mentioning his religion. He was a great economist, but would spend money as genteelly as any man occasionally. He had three sons, Mark, John, and Terence, whom he educated in the first style. Mark was educated for a priest, and finished his studies in France, in the College of Lombard, where he obtained upwards of forty premiums for his translations of Greek into French. After he finished his studies he came home, but in consequence of his intense application he fell into a decay, and died in his father's house in Strabane. John, the second son, was bred a physician, and practised in and about Monaghan, and the adjacent country, with good reputation. About five years ago as he was returning from the races of Middleton in Monaghan in his gig he was upset and smashed to pieces. Terence, the third and youngest son, is now Bishop of Limerick, and was formerly Dean of Ardagh. He had a good delivery, sung well, and acquired great interest. He and a priest O'Beirne, who was Chaplain to Lord Fitzwilliam when Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, were promoted to their present ranks of Protestant Bishops. Now my reason for mentioning the Roman Catholic persuasion is this, that the doctor and the bishop both read their recantations; the doctor before and the bishop after their father's death. He in his lifetime used to travel the north-west circuit with his harp, and at one time, as he was playing for one of the Judges, he asked Dominic his reasons for not speaking to his son, the doctor, since he turned Protestant. 'My Lord' says Dominic, 'I spared no expense on him when he was unable to provide for himself; and assure your Lordship, I am no bigot; but I think it was his duty to consult me before he changed his religion. It was not, however, for the sake of religion he did so, but he fell in love with a young lady who was a Protestant. She informed him she could not have him as he was a Papist, on which he read his recantation, and then demanded her hand, on which, to his mortification, she scornfully informed him that she would be sorry to marry a turncoat."
# Chems Dahmani

Chems Dahmani (born 16 June 1986) is a French actor.

## Filmography

* 2011: The Assault
* 2010: From Paris with Love (film)
* 2008: Des Poupées et Des Anges Directed by Nora Hamdi
* 2008: Frontier(s) Directed by Xavier Gens
* 2007: In The Ropes Directed by Magaly-Richard Serrano
* 2001: Cinéma Permanent Directed by Charlotte Silvera

## T.V

* 2008: Duval et Moretti "Compte à rebours" Directed by Dennis Berry
* 2007: L'embrasement Directed by Philippe Triboit
* 2006: Madame la Proviseure "Chacun Sa Chance" Directed by Philippe Berenger
* 2005: Sabah Directed by Farid Lozès
* 2004: L’évangile Selon Aimé Directed by André Chandelle
* 2002: Brigade des Mineurs "Tacle Gagnant" Directed by Miguel Courtois
* 2002: Jim la nuit Directed by Bruno Nuytten
* 2001: Commissaire Moulin "Le Petit Bonhomme" Directed by Gérard Marx
* 2000: Police District "Liaison Interdite" Directed by Jean Teddy Philippe
* 2000: Le Combat de Julia Directed by Didier Bivel
* 1999: Le Bahut "Le Testament d’un Professeur" Directed by Arnaud Selignac
# Charles Wolcott Ryder Jr.

Charles Wolcott Ryder Jr. (November 20, 1920 – March 28, 2010) was a United States Army major general who served from 1942 through to 1977.
Ryder graduated from the United States Military Academy, class of 1942, during World War II. Served with the 90th Infantry Division in Western Europe. Graduated from the Command and General Staff College in 1953. Assigned to the Office of the Chief of Staff 1960–61. Commanding Officer 1st Brigade, 8th Infantry Division 1964–66. Commanding General, 199th Infantry Brigade, November 28, 1966 to March 1, 1967. Professor of Military Science, The Citadel, 1966–67. Aerospace Defense Command 4th Infantry Division Republic of Vietnam, 1967–68. Chief of Staff Fourth United States Army 1970–72. Chief, Joint United States Military Aid Group to Greece, Greece 1972–74, Director Logistics and Security Assistance (J-4/7) United States European Command, 1974–77.
His father, Charles Wolcott Ryder Sr., was a United States Military Academy class graduate of 1915 who served in both World War I and World War II, where he commanded the 34th Infantry Division during the Italian Campaign, before retiring as a major general.
Ryder retired from the U.S. Army in 1977. He died on March 28, 2010.
# Alex Hauptmann

Alexander G. Hauptmann is an American academic. He currently serves as a research professor in the Language Technologies Institute at the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. He has been the leader of the Informedia Digital Library, which has made seminal strides in multimedia information retrieval and won best-paper awards at major conferences. He was also a founder of the international advisory committee for the Text Retrieval Conference Video Retrieval Evaluation, also known as TRECVID.

## Biography

Hauptmann started at the Johns Hopkins University in 1978 and received a BA and an MA in psychology in 1982. For two years, he studied computer science at the Technische Universitaet Berlin. In 1991, he received a PhD in computer science from the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU).
From 1984, he was researcher at Carnegie Mellon University in the CMU speech group. The next two years, he was a research associate at the School of Computer Science, since 1994 a system scientist, and since 1998 a senior system scientist.
In 2003, he received the Allen Newell Award for Research Excellence, for the Informedia Digital Library, with H. Wactlar, M. Christel, T. Kanade and S. Stevens.

## Work

His research interests are in multimedia analysis and indexing, speech recognition, speech synthesis, speech interfaces, interfaces to multimedia systems and language in general. According to Hauptmann (2008) "Over the years his research interests have led him to pursue and combine several different areas of research: man-machine communication, natural language processing and speech understanding".
In the area of man-machine communication, according to Hauptmann (2008), "he is interested in the tradeoffs between different modalities, including gestures and speech, and in the intuitiveness of interaction protocols. In natural language processing, his desire is to break through the bottlenecks that are currently preventing larger scale natural language applications. The latter theme was also the focus of my thesis, which investigated the use of machine learning on large text samples to acquire the knowledge needed for semantic natural language understanding".
# Cherchell District

Cherchell District is a district of Tipaza Province, Algeria.
The district is further divided into 4 municipalities:
* Cherchell
* Sidi Ghiles
* Hadjeret Ennous
* Sidi Semiane
# Cheung Wah Estate

Cheung Wah Estate (Chinese: 祥華邨) is a mixed TPS and public housing estate in Fanling, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is the first public housing estate in Fanling Town, consisting of ten residential blocks completed from 1984 to 1986. Some of the flats were sold to tenants through Tenants Purchase Scheme Phase 6A in 2004.

## Houses

| Name | Chinese name | Building type | Completed |
| Cheung Lai House | 祥禮樓 | Old Slab | 1984 |
| Cheung Chung House | 祥頌樓 | Old Slab | 1984 |
| Cheung Shun House | 祥順樓 | Double H | 1984 |
| Cheung King House | 祥景樓 | Double H | 1984 |
| Cheung Fung House | 祥豐樓 | Double H | 1984 |
| Cheung Yue House | 祥裕樓 | Double H | 1984 |
| Cheung Wo House | 祥和樓 | Double H | 1984 |
| Cheung Lok House | 祥樂樓 | Double H | 1984 |
| Cheung Tak House | 祥德樓 | Trident 2 | 1985 |
| Cheung Chi House | 祥智樓 | Trident 2 | 1986 |

## Demographics

According to the 2016 by-census, Cheung Wah Estate had a population of 13,109. The median age was 49.2 and the majority of residents (99 per cent) were of Chinese ethnicity. The average household size was 2.7 people. The median monthly household income of all households (i.e. including both economically active and inactive households) was HK$22,490.

## Politics

Cheung Wah Estate is located in Cheung Wah constituency of the North District Council. It was formerly represented by Chan Yuk-ming, who was elected in the 2019 elections until July 2021.
# Aleuropteryginae

Aleuropteryginae is a subfamily of lacewing.

## Genera

* Achlyoconis Engel, 2016 †
* Alboconis Nel et al., 2005 †
* Aleuropteryx Löw, 1855
* Archiconiocompsa Enderlein, 1910 †
* Coniocompsa Enderlein, 1905
* Conwentzia Enderlein, 1905
* Cryptoscenea Enderlein, 1914
* Geroconiocompsa Engel, 2010 †
* Helicoconis Enderlein, 1905
* Hemisemidalis Meinander, 1972
* Heteroconis Enderlein, 1905
* Libanoconis Engel, 2002 †
* Neoconis Enderlein, 1930
* Semidalis Enderlein, 1905
* Spiloconis Enderlein, 1907
* Vartiana H. Aspock & U. Aspock, 1965
# Cheiracanthium campestre

Cheiracanthium campestre is a spider species found in Europe.
# Cheyenne Ice and Events Center

Cheyenne Ice and Events Center, formerly known as Taco John's Events Center and Ikon Center, is a 2,000-seat multipurpose venue. Located in Cheyenne, Wyoming, it opened in August 2000.
The Ice and Events Center is home to the Cheyenne Capitals youth hockey organization. The center is also capable of accommodating concerts, trade shows, parties, art shows, conventions, forums, and many other types of events. The Cheyenne Ice and Events Center is capable of seating 2,000 people for special events and 600 people in sporting event configurations. It was also the home of the Cheyenne Warriors of the American Professional Football League and the Cheyenne Stampede of the Western States Hockey League.
In 2011, the sponsorship agreement between the city of Cheyenne and the restaurant chain Taco John's expired.
# Children (Equal Protection from Assault) (Scotland) Act 2019

The Children (Equal Protection from assault) (Scotland) Act 2019 (asp 3) was an Act of the Scottish Parliament that outlaws the use of corporal punishment on children.

## Legal effect

Before the Act's passage all physical attacks on adults could be treated as assault under Scots Law, however, a person accused of assaulting a child could claim the defence of "reasonable chastisement" or "justifiable assault" when they had used physical force as a form of discipline on an individual under the age of 16. The act abolishes this defence, meaning parents and carers could face prosecution for any use of physical punishment on children.

## Political debate

The bill was lodged by the Scottish Green party MSP John Finnie who argued that it would "send a strong message that violence is never acceptable in any setting". The rule change won the support of his party as well as the SNP, Labour and Lib Dems. Outside of politics the act was praised by the Children and Young People's Commissioner for Scotland and various children's charities.
The bill was opposed by the Conservatives with higher education spokesperson in the Scottish Parliament, Oliver Mundell arguing that “These concerns about criminalisation have been dismissed throughout the passage of this bill but the truth is no one here can guarantee how this bill will be implemented and interpreted by the police, prosecutors or our courts.”

## Timeline

The ban was passed by the Scottish Parliament on 3 October 2019 and came into force on 7 November 2020. At the time of its introduction, Scotland was the only part of the UK to have entirely outlawed all use of corporal punishment on minors but a similar law came into force in Wales in 2022.
# Children (Care and Protection) Act 1987

The Children (Care and Protection) Act 1987 was legislation in New South Wales that dealt with the guardianship and care of children. It was repealed by section 3 of the Children and Young Persons Legislation (Repeal and Amendment) Act 1998 and replaced with the Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998.
# Alexandra Hospital (Athens)

The Alexandra General Hospital is a General hospital in central Athens, Greece. It was established in 1954, initially as a Maternity Hospital and later as a Maternity & Obstetrics - Gynecological Hospital. It is located at Vassilisis Sofias avenue in the center of Athens. It is named after Princess Alexandra, the daughter of King George I, who became the Grand Duchess of Russia before dying during labour.
# Alexander Kusenko

Alexander Kusenko is a theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, and cosmologist who is currently a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). In addition, Kusenko holds an appointment of Senior Scientist at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) since February 2008. He has served as a general member of the board of Aspen Center for Physics 2004-2019. Kusenko was awarded the status of Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2008 for original and seminal contributions to particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. In 2021, Kusenko was awarded a Simons Fellowship in Theoretical Physics. In 2021, he entered a $10,000 wager with Derek Muller over the possibility of sailing straight downwind faster than the wind, which he later conceded.
# Chikan, Zhanjiang

Chikan District (Chinese: 赤坎; pinyin: Chìkǎn; Leizhou Min: Chhieh-chhā; Jyutping: cek$^3$ham$^2$; lit. 'Red Ridge') is a district of the city of Zhanjiang, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.

## Administration

The Chikan District is separated by 5 urban sub-districts and 3 townships:
Administrative subdivisions of Chikan District :
| English name | Chinese | Pinyin | Area in km$^2$ | Population | Subdivisions | Subdivisions |
| English name | Chinese | Pinyin | Area in km$^2$ | Population | Residential communities | Administrative villages |
| Zhonghua Street | 中华街道 | Zhōnghuá Jiēdào | | | 4 | 0 |
| Cunjin Street | 寸金街道 | Cùn Jīn Jiēdào | | 52,433 | 4 | 0 |
| Minzhu Street | 民主街道 | Mínzhǔ Jiēdào | | | 5 | 0 |
| Zhongshan Street | 中山街道 | Zhōngshān Jiēdào | | | 4 | 0 |
| Shawan Street | 沙湾街道 | Shā Wān Jiēdào | | | 3 | 0 |
| Diaoshun Street | 调顺街道 | Diào Shùn jiēdào | | 7,405 | 1 | 1 |
| Nan Qiao Street | 南桥街道 | Nán Qiáo Jiēdào | | | 6 | 4 |
| Beiqiao Street | 北桥街道 | Běiqiáo Jiēdào | | 31,876 | 1 | 8 |
# Alexandru Codreanu

Alexandru Codreanu (born 1 September 1965) is a diplomat from the Republic of Moldova. He is the Ambassador of the Republic of Moldova to the Czech Republic and Ambassador of the Republic of Moldova to the Holy See.