OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cefn Cil Sanws

Cefn Cil Sanws is a hill in the Brecon Beacons National Park within Merthyr Tydfil County Borough in south Wales. The summit at 460m above sea level is crowned by a trig point. The steep cliffs of Darren Fawr and Darren Fach defend its western side which drops down into Cwm Taf. A major limestone quarry is worked on the southeastern side of the hill. An unexpected feature at this altitude is Merthyr Tydfil Golf Course which extends high onto the eastern and southern slopes of the hill.

## Geology

The hill is composed of a layer cake of rocks of Carboniferous age all tilted moderately to the south. The summit is formed from Carboniferous Limestone whilst outcrops of Twrch Sandstone (formerly known as the 'Basal Grit' of the Millstone Grit Series) can be seen to the north and on its steep western flanks. There are sections of limestone pavement on the tilted plateau surface and small crags and pavements of gritstone to their south. The latter show evidence of glacial striations suggesting that the hill was over-ridden by ice moving southwards from the central Beacons during the ice ages.

## Plants

Much of the hill is owned and managed by the Brecknock Wildlife Trust as a nature reserve. The steep cliffs of Darren Fach on the western side are the home to Britain's rarest tree - Ley's Whitebeam (Sorbus leyana) - the larger part of the country's population of these trees being found on this one cliff. Also of interest is the rare rigid buckler fern which clings to the scree slopes on this western flank.

## Access

Most of the hill is open country. A public footpath and a bridleway at its southern end provide access from the A470 road and from Cefn-coed-y-cymmer.
# Cattle Creek

Cattle Creek may refer to:

## Australia

* Cattle Creek (New South Wales), a partly perennial stream of the Hunter River catchment
* Cattle Creek, Queensland (North Burnett Region), a locality
* Cattle Creek, Queensland (Toowoomba Region), a locality
* Cattle Creek Station, part of Wave Hill Station, Northern Territory

## United States

* Cattle Creek, Colorado, a census-designated place
* Cattle Creek Campground, a historic church campground and national historic district near Rowesville, South Carolina
# Admiral Briggs

Admiral Briggs may refer to:
* Charles Briggs (Royal Navy officer) (1858–1951), British Royal Navy admiral
* Edward S. Briggs (1926–2022), U.S. Navy vice admiral
* Thomas Briggs (Royal Navy officer) (1780–1852), British Royal Navy admiral
* Tommy Briggs, a character in the game Call of Duty: Black Ops II, portrayed by Tony Todd
# Catherine Snow

Catherine Snow may refer to:
* Catherine Mandeville Snow, last woman hanged in Newfoundland, Canada
* Catherine E. Snow, educational psychologist and language acquisition researcher
# Aechmea subg. Macrochordion

Macrochordion is a subgenus of the genus Aechmea.

## Species

Species accepted by Encyclopedia of Bromeliads as of October 2022:
| Scientific name | Distribution |
| Aechmea alba Mez | Brazil. |
| Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker ex Benth. & Hook.f. | northern Argentina |
| Aechmea lamarchei (E.Morren ex Mez) Mez | Brazil( Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo) |
| Aechmea maasii Gouda & W.Till | Brazil( Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro.) |
| Aechmea maculata L.B.Sm. | Brazil (Minas Gerais) |
| Aechmea triangularis L.B.Sm. | Brazil(Espírito Santo ) |
# Cecil Norton, 1st Baron Rathcreedan

Cecil William Norton, 1st Baron Rathcreedan (23 June 1850 – 7 December 1930) was a British Liberal Party politician.
Norton was the son of William Norton, Rector of Baltinglass, Ireland. He was elected to the House of Commons for Newington West in 1892, a seat he held until 1916, and served under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1905 to 1910 and as Assistant Postmaster-General from 1910 to 1916. The latter year he was raised to the peerage as Baron Rathcreedan, of Bellehatch Park in the County of Oxford. He later held office under David Lloyd George as Assistant Parliamentary Secretary (unpaid) to the Ministry of Munitions and Supply from 1919 to 1921.
Lord Rathcreedan married, firstly, Cecilia, daughter of James Kennedy and widow of William Thomas Cavendish, in 1880. After her death in 1898 he married, secondly, Marguerite Cecil, daughter of Sir Charles Philip Huntington, 1st Baronet, in 1903. He died in December 1930, aged 80, and was succeeded in the barony by his son from his second marriage, Charles. Lady Rathcreedan died in 1955.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Cecil Norton, 1st Baron Rathcreedan :
* CrestA tiger’s head couped at the neck holding in the mouth a broken spear in bend Proper.
* EscutcheonPer fess Or and Azure in chief a lion passant Sable and in base a maunch Ermine.
* SupportersOn either side a tiger reguardant Proper collared and chained Argent the collar of that on the dexter side charged with three roses Gules and that on the sinister side with three trefoils Vert.
* MottoFrangas Non Flectes
# Adriaan Isebree Moens

Adriaan Isebree Moens (15 November 1846 – 24 June 1891) was a Dutch physician and physiologist. He is known for his work on arterial stiffness and the propagation of waves in elastic tubes.

## Life and family

Adriaan Isebree Moens was the son of Jan Isebree Moens (1793–1865) and Susanna Cornelia De Kater (1805–1862). He was born on November 15, 1846, in Zierikzee, Netherlands. He married Hermine Gertrude Constance Marie Kolff van Oosterwijk (1848–1878) in 1877 and after her death, Caroline Frederika Wilhelmina Kolff Van Oosterwijk (1854–1937) in 1880. He had three children, Gertrude Hermina Moens, Suzanna Cornelia Moens and Neeltje Isebree Moens. He died on 1891 after a chronic illness.

## Career

In 1872 after completing a course in engineering at Ghent University, Moens began to study medicine at Leiden University. He became a pathology assistant in 1874 and in 1875 (probably) he took up an appointment as assistant to Adriaan Heynsius, Professor of Physiology at Leiden. In this role he began his work on arterial wave travel using reservoirs, elastic tubes and air chambers. These studies formed the basis of this doctorate in 1877 and were published in a 145-page monograph, Die Pulscurve, in 1878. The key finding of this work was an empirical relationship that described the velocity of pulse propagation in elastic tubes. Except for a numerical constant this turned out to be identical to the theoretical prediction derived by Diederik Korteweg in 1878 and the relationship is now known as the Moens–Korteweg equation. In 1878 he retired from physiological research and became a medical practitioner in Goes. He was offered the chair of physiology in Leiden in 1885 when Hynsius died, but he turned it down. Willem Einthoven was subsequently appointed to the post.
# Adriana González

Adriana González (born 1991) is an operatic soprano from Guatemala who made an international career.

## Career

González was born in 1991 in Guataemala. She became a member of the opera studio of the Paris Opéra. During her training, she performed roles including Despina in Mozart's Così fan tutte and Zerlina in Don Giovanni. In the 2017/18 season, she became a member of the studio of the Zürich Opera, where she performed as Sepetta in Mozart's La finta giardiniera. After completing her studies she appeared as Pamina in Mozart's Die Zauberflöte , Corinna in Rossini's Il viaggio a Reims and Mimì in Puccini's La bohème. She first appeared as Micaëla in Bizet's Carmen at the Opéra des Nations at the Grand Théâtre de Genève, repeated at the Dutch National Opera in 2022.
# Cefalonium

Cefalonium (INN) is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
# Afterlight (album)

Afterlight (2009) is an album by the American ambient musician Steve Roach.

## Production

Afterlight was created in the spring of 2009 over a period of several months. Steve Roach kept the piece in continual low-volume playback during periods of repose or contemplation. Roach would then modify and refine Afterlight into the flowing soundscape released to the public.
Afterlight can be considered a sequel to Dynamic Stillness: its creation originated immediately upon the completion of the latter album; a quote inside the album artwork reads, "after the stillness...comes the afterlight"; and both albums feature stark landscape-themed artwork created by Michal Karcz.
Steve Roach deems Afterlight to be a companion piece to the two other long-form releases, Destination Beyond and Immersion : Four, which were composed within the same timeframe, released within the same 24-hour period, and are interconnected in their "pursuit of timelessness."

## Album artwork

The photographs used in the artwork were created by Michal Karcz, known for his use of desaturation and narrow range of hues. The Digipak album opens flat, connecting the images, resulting in widescreen landscapes on the inside and reverse side of the album. The artwork layout was realized by Sam Rosenthal.

## Personnel

* Steve Roach – synthesizers
* Michal Karcz – cover images
* Sam Rosenthal – layout
# Agawam Park

Agawam Park was an American horse racing track in Agawam, Massachusetts, that was open from 1935 to 1938, when Hampden County, Massachusetts, voted against parimutuel betting.

## Beginnings

On May 17, 1935, a special town meeting approved rezoning Bowles Agawam Airport for parimutuel horse racing. On May 28, the Massachusetts Racing Commission granted the Agawam Racers and Breeders Association a racing license. James J. Curry was the track's first president, but business pressures forced him to resign before construction even began. He was succeeded by Thomas Wells Durant. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on July 22, 1935.

## Opening

The track opened on October 1, 1935. 15,000 spectators attended the day's races but betting was light. On October 16, Seabiscuit won the $2,500 Springfield Handicap.

## Struggles

The track was deeply in debt after its first year and on March 23, 1936, Judge George Clinton Sweeney approved a reorganization of the Agawam Racers and Breeders Association that saw Anderson T. Herd purchase 15,000 shares in the track for $150,000. After Herd took control, James C. Thornton replaced Lou Smith as the track's general manager and Ed Brennan took over as racing secretary.
The track's second meet opened on May 27, 1936. 8,000 people attended the first day of races, which again was plagued by low betting. On August 17, 1936, the track was put up for auction by the Agawam town collector due to unpaid taxes, however, no one bid on the property. On March 29, 1937, Judge Sweeney gave the Agawam Racers and Breeders Association approval to hold races that summer. That August, Paul Bowser sponsored a Grand Circuit meet at Agawam Park.
On November 8, 1938, Hampden County voters rejected a referendum permitting parimutuel betting on horse racing 22,586 votes to 17,487, forcing the closure of Agawam Park.
# Agalmatidae

Agalmatidae, or Agalmidae, is a family of siphonophores.

## Systematic list

* Genus Agalma Eschscholtz, 1825
** Agalma clausi Bedot, 1888
** Agalma elegans (Sars, 1846)
** Agalma okenii Eschscholtz, 1825
* Genus Athorybia Eschscholtz, 1829
** Athorybia lucida Biggs, 1978
** Athorybia rosacea (Forskål, 1775)
* Genus Frillagalma Daniel, 1966
** Frillagalma vityazi Daniel, 1966
* Genus Halistemma Huxley, 1859
** Halistemma cupulifera Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908
** Halistemma foliacea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
** Halistemma maculatum Pugh & Baxter, 2014
** Halistemma rubrum (Vogt, 1852)
** Halistemma striata Totton, 1965
** Halistemma transliratum Pugh & Youngbluth, 1988
* Genus Lychnagalma Haeckel, 1888
** Lychnagalma utricularia (Claus, 1879)
* Genus Marrus Totton, 1954
** Marrus antarcticus Totton, 1954
** Marrus claudanielis Dunn, Pugh & Haddock, 2005
** Marrus orthocanna (Kramp, 1942)
** Marrus orthocannoides Totton, 1954
* Genus Melophysa Haeckel, 1888
** Melophysa melo (Quoy & Gaimard, 1827)
* Genus Nanomia A. Agassiz, 1865
** Nanomia bijuga (Delle Chiaje, 1844)
** Nanomia cara Agassiz, 1865
* Genus Rudjakovia Margulis, 1982
** Rudjakovia plicata Margulis, 1982

### Former genera

* Agalmopsis Sars, 1846 accepted as Agalma Eschscholtz, 1825
* Lynchagalma accepted as Lychnagalma Haeckel, 1888
* Moseria Totton, 1965 accepted as Resomia Pugh, 2006

### Nomen dubium

The following names of uncertain status have been placed in the family.
* Paragalma Margulis, 1976
* Stepanyantsia
# Central Stadium (Tbilisi)

Central Stadium, was a multi-purpose stadium in Tbilisi, Georgia. Its official name between 1937 and 1953 was the Beria Dinamo Stadium which it was named in honor of Lavrentiy Beria. It was the home ground of the Dinamo Tbilisi until the current Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena opened in 1976. The stadium held 35,000 spectators.
# Central Stadium (Thiruvananthapuram)

Central Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Thiruvananthapuram, India. It is mainly used for athletics and football. The stadium also hosts the Independence day parade of Kerala and other government functions. The stadium hosted India's first transgender athletics meet in 2017. The stadium is also one the main venues of annual Onam festival in Thiruvananthapuram.
# Adventures in the Sin Bin

Adventures in the Sin Bin is a 2012 American adventure comedy-drama film written by Christopher Storer, directed by Billy Federighi and starring Michael Seater, Bo Burnham, Gillian Jacobs, Tim Blake Nelson, Emily Meade and Jeff Garlin.

## Cast

* Michael Seater as Brian
* Emily Meade as Suzie
* Bo Burnham as Tony
* Brian Petsos as Benny
* Gillian Jacobs as Lauren
* Ben McKenzie as Michael
* Jeff Garlin as Dean Theatard
* Tim Blake Nelson as Totsch

## Release

In June 2013, it was announced that Phase 4 Films acquired U.S. and Canadian distribution rights to the film, which premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival in 2012. The film was released in theaters and on demand on October 18, 2013.

## Reception

The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, calling it "Heavily dependent on Wes Anderson's aesthetic but charming nonetheless."
# Centro Shopping America Trust

Centro Shopping America Trust (formally Galileo Shopping America Trust) is an investment product part of Centro Properties Group that acquires shopping centers all around the United States. It was acquired by Centro Properties Group in May 2007 from Galileo Property Trust Group (ASX: CSF). In October 2007, Centro Shopping America Trust successfully merged with Centro Retail Trust (CER) and was subsequently delisted from the Australian Securities Exchange. Centro Retail Trust is an Australian Securities Exchange (“ASX”) Listed Property Trust managed by Centro Properties Group (“Centro”). Listed in August 2005, CER offers investors an income return with exposure to quality Australian, New Zealand and United States of America shopping centres. Centro Retail Trusts's portfolio is valued at approximately $8.31 billion (2007). Centro Retail's investment philosophy is to provide investors with access to pure retail property ownership.
# Agranolamia

Agranolamia is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing a single species, Agranolamia poensis. It was described by Báguena in 1952.
# Aggrey Jaden

Aggrey Jaden Ladu (1924, 1927, or 1928 — 1985 or 1987) was a South Sudanese politician.

## Biography

Aggrey Jaden Ladu is from the Pojulu ethnic group, known for promoting the independence of South Sudan from Sudan.
He was born in Loka village in the mid to late 1920s and

## Education

Aggrey Jaden Ladu attended Loka Church Missionary Society CMS Elementary school in the period 1936–1944, before proceeding to Nabumali secondary school in Uganda, where he studied from 1945 to 1949.He joined University of Khartoum in 1950 and graduated in the school of Arts in 1954 and joined Sudan administration and was trained as a sub – mamur administrator in 1955. Upon the independence of Sudan in 1956, he was accused of refusing to lower the British flag and replacing it with the new Sudan independence flag. He was transferred to Malakal in 1957 but got dismissed from the Sudan civil service in 1958 after the coup d'état of General Ibrahim Abboud. He left the country in search of a job and managed to get employed by the East African Railways and Harbours Corporation in Kenya.

## Political career

He left this lucrative job to join the Southern Sudan People`s Liberation Movement--SPLM in 1963 in the company of Fr. Saturnino Ohure, Joseph Oduho and William Deng Nhial. He was elected President of the movement Sudan African National Union (SANU) after Joseph Oduho in 1964. He led the movement delegation to the Khartoum round table conference in 1965 and then returned to continue with the struggle. In April 1967, Jaden was elected the president of the Southern Sudan Provisional Government. He moved to Nairobi, Kenya in 1969 out of fear for his safety. Gordon Muortat Mayen was his successor as the leader of the Anyanya.
Following the signing of the Addis Ababa agreement in 1972, Jaden was the first to denounce it as a sell out because his objectives for the struggle were by far much higher. The agreement did not handle the issue of self – determination as at the Khartoum round table conference of 1965, and the agreement was not witnessed by any international observers. Aggrey Jaden decided to dishonor it and remained in exile.
Many southerners tried to convince him to return home and join the Southern Regional Government. He eventually returned to Sudan in 1978 long after Addis Ababa agreement was signed. He returned an angry man and despite a lot of persuading, he refused to dirty his untarnished political career by participating in the government. In 1983, his rejection of the Addis Ababa agreement was vindicated when Gaafar Nimeiry tore the agreement forcing southerners, once again, to take to the bush for the second struggle for the liberation of the Sudan under the late Dr. John Garang.

## Life and Death

The best recognition to the late Aggrey Jaden was when the SPLA leader, Dr. John Garang, granted safe passage for the transportation of his body to his village Loka, for burial, in 1987 when he passed on in the same year(1987).
# Ceraia

Ceraia may refer to:
* Ceraia (plant), a genus of orchids now treated as a synonym of Dendrobium
* Ceraia (katydid), a genus of katydids in the Phaneropterinae
# Elan 6L8 engine

The Elan 6L8 is a four-stroke, naturally-aspirated, OHV, V-8 racing Internal combustion engine, designed, developed and built by American manufacturing company Élan Motorsport Technologies, in partnership and collaboration with Roush-Yates, for sports car racing, between 1997 and 2005. The engine itself is based on the block of the Windsor engine, but the engine itself is also derived, and uses the technology from the Modular engine.

## Applications

* Riley & Scott Mk III
* Panoz GTR-1
* Panoz LMP-1 Roadster-S
# Lily Branscombe

Lily Branscombe (born Lillian Rodman, February 28, 1876 – September 26, 1970) was a stage and film actress from New Zealand.

## Biography

Branscombe was born as Lillian Rodman in Carterton, in the North Island of New Zealand, and educated in New South Wales, Australia. She acted with the Maggie Moore Company in Australia and New Zealand before moving to the United States of America around 1900. There, she acted with the Frawley Company and later in silent films produced by the Essanay Company, opposite stars such as Francis X. Bushman, Bryant Washburn, and John Steppling. She also appeared in a number of episodes of the short comedic film series Alkali Ike in 1911 and 1912.

## Personal life

In 1900, she married Herbert Ashton in San Francisco.

## Filmography

* He Fought for the U.S.A. (1911)
* The Goodfellow's Christmas Eve (1911)
* For Memory's Sake, 1911
* Alias Billy Sargent (1912)
* Detective Dorothy, 1912
* The Melody of Love, 1912
* Her Hour of Triumph,1912
* The Snare (1912)
# El Salvador at the 2011 Parapan American Games

El Salvador will participate in the 2011 Parapan American Games.

## Athletics

El Salvador will send three male athletes to compete.

## Football 5-a-side

El Salvador will send a team of nine athletes to compete.

## Goalball

El Salvador will send two teams of six athletes each to compete in the men's and women's tournaments.

## Table tennis

El Salvador will send one male table tennis player to compete.

## Wheelchair basketball

El Salvador will send a team of twelve male athletes and a team of ten female athletes to compete in the men's and women's tournaments.

## Wheelchair tennis

El Salvador will send two male athletes to compete.
# Berbice Bridge

The Berbice Bridge is a pontoon bridge over the Berbice River near New Amsterdam in Guyana. The bridge is tolled and was opened on 23 December 2008.
With the completion of the Berbice Bridge, and the earlier completion of the Coppename Bridge in Suriname in 1999, the Courantyne River is the only river between the Guyanese capital of Georgetown and the Surinamese capital of Paramaribo still left without a bridge. This is due to change in the near future, with plans for a bridge on the Courantyne near South Drain. The bridge doesn't have a pedestrian crossing.
It is owned by Berbice Bridge Company Incorporated and tolls are set by a Concession Agreement between the government and the company. In 2018, the government took over ownership of the bridge as a reaction to the 360% increase in toll, citing Sections 4 (1) and 11 of the Berbice River Bridge Act in the interest of public safety.
# Benjamin Cheverton

Benjamin Cheverton (1796 – 1876) was an English sculptor and inventor. With the assistance of John Isaac Hawkins, he designed and operated a novel pantograph machine to create detailed miniature reproductions of sculptures, primarily busts of historical and mythological figures by contemporary sculptors like Francis Leggatt Chantrey, Louis-François Roubiliac, and Joseph Durham. His reproducing machine, which was exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851, is now in the collection of the Science Museum, London. A large collection of his work is found in the Thomson Collection at the Art Gallery of Ontario.