OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cat-facing

Cat-facing, or catfacing, refers to a type of physiological damage affecting tomatoes and represented by scarring and cavities near the blossom end. It is the abnormal development of plant tissue affecting the ovary or female sex organ (pistilate), which results in the flower, followed by the fruit development to become malformed. It is called "cat-facing" because the abnormal cracking and dimpling on tomatoes, peaches, apples and even grapes, looks somewhat akin to a small cat’s face.
This condition is usually caused by unfavorable growing conditions like drops in temperature and poor soil. Cat-facing appears when part of the fruit develops before the rest, disease, or by insect adults and nymphs feeding on the surface of the fruit as indicated by unsightly dimpling, deformity, and deciduous scarring. Similar damage can also appear on fruits such as peaches, apples and grapes.
Fruit that has catface abnormalities can still be eaten but is not necessarily marketable.

## Causes of Cat-facing

While it is uncertain, temperatures below 60 F. (16 C.) for a number of successive days when plants are immature — about three weeks prior to blooming — appear to coincide with tomato catfacing fruit deformity. The result is incomplete pollination, which creates the deformity. Physical trauma to the blossom can also cause cat-facing. Additionally, catfacing may appear if the fruit has exposure to herbicides containing phenoxy. Excess nitrogen levels in the soil media can also aggravate the issue as well as aggressive pruning. Thrips, tiny slender insects with fringed wings, may also contribute as an origin for catfacing. Plants that are infected with Tomato Little Leaf are also susceptible to tomato fruit catfacing deformity.

## How to Treat Cat-facing

Little can be done to control the abnormality. Proper growing practices revolving around monitoring temperature, overt pruning, and nitrogen levels in soils should be accomplished. Also, avoid the use of hormonal herbicides and the potential drift that may accompany their use. Finally, grow only varieties that historically have no issue with catfacing disorder; and in the case of Little Leaf infection, prevent the soil from becoming sodden by irrigation control and well-draining soil.
# Addison/Ripley Fine Art

38°54′45″N 77°03′58″W﻿ / ﻿38.91263058789578°N 77.0662480255547°W﻿ / 38.91263058789578; -77.0662480255547Addison/Ripley Fine Art is an art gallery in Washington, D.C. The gallery was established in 1981, in addition to being an independent commercial fine arts gallery, it also serves as an art consultant and curator to the Warner Building, Washington, D.C., and as art consultants to several Washington, D. C. private companies, as well as to the German Marshall Fund, Washington, D.C., and to the United States Department of State, Overseas Buildings Operation, Washington, D. C.

## Location and co-owner

The gallery is currently located in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, DC at 1670 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007. The co-owner, Christopher Addison, is a past president of the Art Dealers Association of Greater Washington, DC.

## Artists represented

Addison/Ripley represents several well-established national artists as well as several well-known Washington, DC area contemporary artists. Among the artists represented by the gallery are Wolf Kahn, Isabel Manalo, Joan Belmar, Carol Brown Goldberg, Frank Hallam Day, Amy Lin, Lou Stovall and Manon Cleary.

## Critical reception

Exhibitions at the gallery have been widely reviewed over the years by both local newspapers such as The Washington Post, Washington City Paper, and The Washington Times, as well as by national art magazines. In referring to some of the artists represented by the gallery, The Washington City Paper used terms as "the great D.C.-based photographer Frank Hallam Day...", while The Washington Post described painter Manon Cleary as "one of our finest realist oil painters for years." Modern Luxury Magazine also noted about artist Amy Lin that "...the 32-year-old... has nabbed the attention of top District curators, including the National Portrait Gallery’s Anne Collins Goodyear..."
# Adidas Beau Jeu

The Adidas Beau Jeu (French pronunciation:) is one of the official match balls of the UEFA Euro 2016 tournament. It was used for the group stage of the tournament, after which it was replaced by the "Adidas Fracas" (a design variant of the Beau Jeu) for the knockout stage. The French phrase "Beau Jeu" translates to "Beautiful Game" or "Beautiful Play".

## Overview

Unveiled by Adidas and presented by former French national player Zinedine Zidane on 12 November 2015, the ball features elements of the Adidas Brazuca, but in a new design. The design includes blue lines with orange detail with letters and numbers on each line creating "EURO" and "2016".
In the group match between Switzerland and France on 19 June, the ball burst during a challenge between Antoine Griezmann and Valon Behrami.
The "Errejota" – official ball of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics – was based on the Beau Jeu but with a surface design change.
# Catalina Sarsfield

Catalina Sarsfield, also styled Catalina von Neuhoff and briefly as Catalina of Corsica, was queen of Corsica by marriage to Theodore of Corsica, who ruled the short-lived Kingdom of Corsica in 1736.

## Biography

Catalina Sarsfield was the daughter of David Sarsfield and his French wife, Marie d'Athboy. She was niece of Dominick Sarsfield, 4th Viscount Sarsfield.
Both her father and uncle had supported James II during the Williamite War in Ireland and had then left Ireland for France as part of the Flight of the Wild Geese.
Part of the exiled Jacobite community, they served in Continental armies while hoping for the restoration of James II or his successors, which would lead to the recovery of their lost estates in County Limerick. David was killed fighting at the Battle of Villaviciosa in 1710. Catalina was the eldest of his six daughters, all of whom were born in Nantes.
In 1723, Catalina and her daughter followed her husband to Paris. She stayed in the court of Louise d’Orléans. Her daughter would later return to the Spanish court.
She is often mistakenly described as the daughter of the Jacobite hero Patrick Sarsfield and Honora Burke, who came from a distant branch of the Sarsfield family based in County Dublin. However, she was related to them by marriage.
# Catalina Schist

The Catalina Schist is a metamorphic rock complex primarily exposed on Santa Catalina Island of the Channel Islands of California.
It formed during the Cretaceous Period of the Mesozoic Era.

## Geology

The Catalina Schist is broadly correlated with the Franciscan Complex, a similar metamorphic complex formed along the California margin.
Both of these units record high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphism associated with the subduction of the Farallon plate beneath North America during the Mesozoic Era. The Catalina Schist is differentiated from the Franciscan primarily in the style of mélange formed during subduction.
In the Los Angeles Harbor Region, Catalina Schist is associated with the Wilmington Oil Field.
# Adam Dyczkowski

Adam Feliks Dyczkowski (17 November 1932 – 10 January 2021) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop.
Dyczkowski was born in Poland and was ordained to the priesthood in 1957. He served as titular bishop of Altava and as an auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław, Poland, from 1978 to 1992. He also served as an auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Legnica in 1992 and 1993. Later, he became the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Zielona Góra-Gorzów, Poland, holding the position from 1993 to 2007.
Dyczkowski died from COVID-19 on 10 January 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.
# Adam Dunkels

Adam Dunkels (born 28 May 1978) is a Swedish computer scientist, software engineer, entrepreneur, and founder of Thingsquare, an Internet of things (IoT) product development business.
His father was professor of mathematics Andrejs Dunkels. His mother was professor Kerstin Vännman. His work is mainly focused on computer networking technology and distributed communication for small embedded systems and devices and wireless sensor networks on the Internet. He attended the Swedish Institute of Computer Science where he earned Bachelor of Science (B.S.), Master of Science (M.S.) in 2001, and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in 2007. Dunkels is best known to the embedded community as the author of the uIP (micro-IP) and lwIP TCP/IP Internet protocol suite (stacks). He invented protothreads and the operating system Contiki. The MIT Technology Review placed him on the TR35 list of world's top 35 innovators under 35, in 2009.
His book Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: the Next Internet, co-authored with Jean-Philippe Vasseur, and with a foreword by Vint Cerf, was published in 2010.
He is a founder of the Internet Protocol for Smart Objects Alliance (IPSO Alliance), which promotes IP networking for smart objects such as embedded systems and wireless sensors, and author of the alliance's white paper.
Dunkels received the 2008 Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) SIGOPS EuroSys Roger Needham PhD award for his PhD thesis "Programming Memory-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems". He has won an ERCIM Cor Baayen award.

## Networked embedded software

Many of Dunkels's small implementations are used in commercial products from companies, including Asea Brown Boveri (ABB), Altera, BMW, Cisco Systems, Ericsson, GE, Hewlett-Packard (HP), Volvo Technology, and Xilinx. They include:
* Protothreads
* uIP (micro-IP)
* Contiki
* lwIP (lightweight IP)
* uVNC
* Miniweb
* phpstack
* μBASIC
# Adjoint filter

In signal processing, the adjoint filter mask $h^{*}$ of a filter mask $h$ is reversed in time and the elements are complex conjugated.
    $(h^{*})_{k}={\overline {h_{-k}}}$
Its name is derived from the fact that the convolution with the adjoint filter is the adjoint operator of the original filter, with respect to the Hilbert space $\ell _{2}$ of the sequences in which the inner product is the Euclidean norm.
    $\langle h*x,y\rangle =\langle x,h^{*}*y\rangle$
The autocorrelation of a signal $x$ can be written as $x^{*}*x$.

## Properties

* ${h^{*}}^{*}=h$
* $(h*g)^{*}=h^{*}*g^{*}$
* $(h\leftarrow k)^{*}=h^{*}\rightarrow k$
# Castellaniella hirudinis

Castellaniella hirudinis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, bacterium from the genus Castellaniella, isolated from the skin of a juvenile medical leech (Hirudo verbana) in Biebertal, Germany.
# Adam Haywood

Adam Seymour Haywood (23 March 1875 – May 1932) was an English footballer who played as an inside-forward. Some sources spell his surname as Heywood or Hayward.

## Biography

Haywood was born in Horninglow, Burton upon Trent. He turned professional with Woolwich Arsenal in January 1896; he made his debut against Leicester Fosse on 25 January 1896 and was an ever-present for the rest of the 1895-96 season. He continued to play as a mainstay in the Arsenal side the following three seasons, scoring regularly as well (his best being 1898-99, when he scored 12 goals in 23 league games). In total he played 91 times for Arsenal, scoring 36 goals, but Arsenal's financial situation meant they were forced to accept a £50 bid from Glossop North End in May 1899.
Haywood spent just three months at Glossop before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 1899, becoming part of an experienced squad of ex-League players, including four ex-Arsenal colleagues. While at QPR, Haywood was part of the Rangers side who beat Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1900. Wolves were so impressed by Haywood's display over the two games that, within a year, via a short stay at New Brompton, he was signed by the First Division club, going on to make over a century of top-flight appearances.
May 1905 saw him transfer to West Bromwich Albion, where he was the club's top league scorer during 1905–06, finding the net 21 times. He remained at Albion for two and a half years before signing for Blackpool.
He made his debut for Blackpool, in the number-8 shirt, on 30 November 1907, in a defeat at Derby County. He made twelve more League appearances for the club before the end of the 1907–08 season, his final one being in a defeat at Lincoln City, this time in the number-10 shirt. He scored one goal during his short career on the Fylde Coast – in a 2–1 Lancashire derby defeat at Burnley on Christmas Day. He also made one FA Cup appearance for Blackpool – in yet another defeat, this time at the hands of Manchester United at Old Trafford on New Year's Day, 1908.
He joined Crystal Palace as player-coach in May 1908, finally retiring from playing football in 1909.

## Death

Haywood died in May 1932.
# Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

The Administration on Disabilities (AoD) is the United States federal agency responsible for implementation and administration of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (DD Act) and the disability provisions of the Help America Vote Act. Organizationally, the Administration on Developmental Disabilities is located within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and is part of the Department's Administration for Children and Families. In 2012, ADD was included in the newly formed Administration for Community Living.
ADD's mission is to improve and increase services to and assure that individuals with developmental disabilities have opportunities to make their own choices, contribute to society, have supports to live independently, and are free of abuse, neglect, financial and sexual exploitation, and violations of their legal and human rights.
# Adelomorpha

Adelomorpha is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae. It contains the species Adelomorpha ritsemae, which is found on Sulawesi, an island in Indonesia.
The wingspan is 24–26 mm. The forewings are dull ash-grey with a dot at the margin and a curved crossband. There are ochreous yellow markings on the hindwings.
# Adeloneivaia

Adeloneivaia is a genus of moths in the family Saturniidae first described by Travassos in 1940.

## Species

* Adeloneivaia acuta (Schaus, 1896)
* Adeloneivaia bellardi (Schaus, 1928)
* Adeloneivaia boisduvalii (Doumet, 1859)
* Adeloneivaia catharina (Bouvier, 1927)
* Adeloneivaia catoxantha (W. Rothschild, 1907)
* Adeloneivaia fallax (Boisduval, 1872)
* Adeloneivaia irrorata (Schaus, 1900)
* Adeloneivaia isara (Dognin, 1905)
* Adeloneivaia jason (Boisduval, 1872)
* Adeloneivaia minuta (Bouvier, 1927)
* Adeloneivaia pelias (W. Rothschild, 1907)
* Adeloneivaia sabulosa (W. Rothschild, 1907)
* Adeloneivaia schubarti Rego Barros & Mielke, 1970
* Adeloneivaia subangulata (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1855)
* Adeloneivaia wellingi Lemaire, 1982
# Adobe Flores

Adobe Flores is a historic house in South Pasadena, California, U.S. It was built on Rancho San Pascual from 1838 to 1845. It was named for José María Flores. It was restored by architect Carleton Winslow in 1919. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 18, 1973.

## Gallery

* Detail of entrance door
* Detail of patio
* Detail of patio
* Detail of patio
* South elevation
* South elevation
# Castelló d'Empúries

Castelló d'Empúries (Catalan pronunciation:) is a town and municipality in the Alt Empordà in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It lies 9 km east of Figueres.
In 1079, Castelló d'Empúries became the capital of the Empúries county due to the previous capital, Sant Martí d'Empúries, being too easily sacked by pirates. 1325-1341 saw a period of large expansion of this capital town, which ultimately ceased being the capital once the county joined the Crown of Aragon in 1385.
The old town is somewhat dwarfed by the neighboring urbanisation of Empuriabrava, on the coastline of the Costa Brava.

## Notable people

* Pilar Nouvilas i Garrigolas (1854-1938), painter
# Admiral Beatty (disambiguation)

David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty (1871–1936) was a Royal Navy admiral. Admiral Beatty may also refer to:
* Frank E. Beatty (1853–1926), U.S. Navy rear admiral
* Frank Edmund Beatty Jr. (1894–1976), U.S. Navy vice admiral

## Other uses

* Admiral Beatty Hotel, former Canadian hotel
# Adjanhonmè

Adjanhonmè is an arrondissement in the Kouffo department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Klouékanmè. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 16,421.
# Cathexis (disambiguation)

Cathexis may also refer to:
* cathexis, psychoanalytical concept
* Cathexis (beetle), a genus of longhorn beetles
* Cathexis (Star Trek: Voyager), the 12th episode of Star Trek: Voyager
* Cathexis (comics), a race of sixth-dimensional beings from the DC Universe
* Cathexis (Typeface), a Typeface (font) designed by Jason Walcott as part of the Jukebox Font library.
# Administered prices

Administered prices are prices of goods set by the internal pricing structures of firms that take into account cost rather than through the market forces of supply and demand and predicted by classical economics. They were first described by institutional economists Gardiner Means and Adolf A. Berle in their 1932 book The Modern Corporation and Private Property. As Means argued in 1972, "Basically, the administered-price thesis holds that a large body of industrial prices do not behave in the fashion that classical theory would lead one to expect. It was first developed in 1934–35 to apply to the cyclical behavior of industrial prices. It specifically held that in business recessions administered prices showed a tendency not to fall as much as market prices while the recession fall in demand worked itself out primarily through a fall in sales, production, and employment."

## Empirical data

Since Means and Berle's pioneering work in the 1930s, numerous empirical surveys have been carried out to understand the role of administered prices in national economies. Surveys conducted in the 1980s found that 70–85% of American industrial prices were markup or cost-added prices. An American survey from the 1990s covering an industrial and non-industrial pricing behavior found that a majority of prices take cost into account. A Canadian survey from 2002 found that 67.1% of major Canadian firms attributed price-stickiness to markup pricing. A 2003–2004 survey done in France found that 36.9% of prices are cost-added (another 4% of prices were "regulated"). Writing in 2006, Fabiani et al found that administered prices account for 42% of prices (of both goods and services) in Italy, 46% in Belgium, 52% in Spain, 65% in Portugal, and an average of 54% of all Eurozone prices. They also account for 40% of the prices of goods sold in France and 73% of those sold in Germany. A survey of 725 Norwegian firms from the 2000s found that 69% of those firms use markup pricing. A survey of 5,300 New Zealand firms found that 54% of business prices were cost-added, while another survey of 700 Australian companies found that at least 49% of their prices were marked-up. A study of 630 Japanese firms from 2000 found 54% of them use mark-up pricing. A survey of 580 Icelandic firms found that markup prices were the most common, accounting for 45% of all prices set by those companies.
# Cato Ridge

Cato Ridge is a town in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa named after George Christopher Cato (1814–1893), the first mayor of Durban. Organisationally and administratively it is included in the Ethekwini Metropolitan Municipality as a suburb of the Outer West region.

## Geography

Situated in the Valley of a Thousand Hills, Cato Ridge is the westernmost town of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality (Greater Durban metropolitan area) and is actually closer to the city of Pietermaritzburg, 30 km (19 mi) north-west than the city of Durban, 50 km (31 mi) south-east.

## Transport

Cato Ridge lies on the N3 freeway which passes the small town to the north, leading north-west to Camperdown and Pietermaritzburg and south-east to Pinetown and Durban. In passing Cato Ridge it gives access to the small town through the R103 interchange (exit 53).
Local arterial routes through Cato Ridge include: The R103 regional route leading eastwards to Camperdown and Pietermaritzburg and westwards to Inchanga and Hillcrest and the M50 metropolitan route leading south-east to Mpumalanga.
# Cato Salsa Experience

Cato Salsa Experience was an indie rock band from Oslo, Norway. The group formed around jam sessions at lead singer Cato Thomassen's house. The group began playing locally and released a vinyl EP before Emperor Norton Records, an American label, signed them and released their 2002 full-length, A Good Tip for a Good Time. Later in the 2000s, the group began recording albums with The Thing.
Following the beginning of Cato Thomassen's full-time musical partnership with ex Madrugada singer Sivert Höyem in 2009, the band is seemingly now defunct.

## Members

* Cato (Salsa) Thomassen - vocals, guitar
* Christian Engfelt - bass
* Jon Magne Riise - drums
* Nina Bjorndalen - keyboards

## Discography

* Saso Calsa (Garralda Records, 2000)
* A Good Tip for a Good Time (Emperor Norton, 2002)
* Sounds Like a Sandwich, with The Thing and Joe McPhee (Smalltown Supersound, 2005)
* Fruit Is Still Fresh (Sony Japan, 2006)
* No. 3 (Rogue Australia, 2006)
* Two Bands and a Legend, with The Thing and Joe McPhee (Smalltown Supersound, 2007)
* Two Bands and a Legend: I See You Baby, (EP) with The Thing and Joe McPhee (Smalltown Supersound, 2007)
# Adolf Gaspary

Adolf Gaspary (23 May 1849, in Berlin – 17 March 1892, in Berlin) was a German Romance philologist, specializing in Italian literature.
From 1868 he studied philosophy and art history at the universities of Berlin, Munich and Freiburg, receiving his promotion in 1873 (doctoral advisor, Friedrich Harms). In 1873–75 he took a study trip to France, Spain, Portugal and Italy — in Naples he came under the influence of Francesco De Sanctis. He furthered his studies with Adolf Tobler at the University of Berlin, where in 1878 he obtained his habilitation with a thesis on the Sicilian poetry school of the 13th century, Die sicilianische Dichterschule des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts. In 1880 he relocated to the University of Breslau as an associate professor of Romance philology, receiving a full professorship in 1883. In 1891 he accepted a position at the University of Göttingen, but soon succumbed to illness, and died the following year in Berlin at the age of 42.
His main work was a history of Italian literature, Geschichte der italienischen Literatur (2 volumes, 1885–88), that was unfinished at the time of his death:
* Volume 1: Die italienische Literatur im Mittelalter ("Italian literature of the Middle Ages").
* Volume 2: Die Literatur in der Renaissancezeit ("Literature of the Renaissance era").
In 1901 the book "The history of early Italian literature to the death of Dante; translated from the German. Together with the author's additions to the Italian translation (1887) and with supplementary bibliographical notes (1887–1899) by Herman Oelsner" was published.