OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Gordon (tenor)

David Gordon (born December 7, 1947) is an American concert and opera tenor, particularly noted as a Bach singer.
He was born in Doylestown, Pennsylvania and trained at McGill University, the College of Wooster, and the Lyric Opera of Chicago where he made his debut in 1973. He went on to appear as soloist with orchestras and operas worldwide.
Gordon is on the staff of the Carmel Bach Festival in California. Aside from his international vocal career, he is a teacher of Baroque vocal styles and has been an innovator in the creation of English supertitles for the great choral masterworks of Bach and Handel.
# David Boyle, 9th Earl of Glasgow

Rear Admiral David William Maurice Boyle, 9th Earl of Glasgow, CB, DSC, DL (24 July 1910 – 8 June 1984), was a British nobleman and a Royal Navy officer. He was Chief of the Name and Arms of Boyle.

## Naval career

Educated at Eton College, Boyle entered the Royal Navy and fought in the Second World War during which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. By the end of the war he had achieved the rank of commander and commanded the Black Swan-class sloop HMS Actaeon. Promoted to captain in 1952, he became Captain of the Fleet, Home Fleet, in March 1957, Commodore, Royal Naval Barracks, Portsmouth, in September 1959 and Flag Officer, Malta, in July 1961. He retired in July 1963 as a rear admiral.

## Family

In 1937 he married Dorothea Lyle (1914–2006), and had three children with her:
* Patrick Robin Archibald Boyle, 10th Earl of Glasgow
* Lady Sarah Dorothea Boyle
* Lady Nichola Jane Eleanora Boyle
He divorced his first wife in 1962 and remarried the same year to Ursula Vanda Maud Vivian (1912–1984), daughter of the 4th Baron Vivian.
# William J. Darby

William Jefferson Darby (November 6, 1913 – June 6, 2001) was an American nutrition scientist who spent the majority of his career at Vanderbilt University. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1972. He was the founding editor of the Annual Review of Nutrition.

## Early life and education

William Jefferson Darby was born on November 6, 1913, in Galloway, a neighborhood of North Little Rock, Arkansas. His mother was a schoolteacher. While a high school student, his chemistry teacher Ora Parks introduced him to Paul L. Day, chair of physiological chemistry at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Day later asked Parks to recommend a high school graduate who could work as an assistant in his laboratory. Darby had graduated in 1930 and was then working as a salesman at the Fuller Brush Company to earn income in the face of the Great Depression. He accepted Day's offer so that he could pursue his goal at the time of attending university and studying chemical engineering. Day encouraged Darby to enroll as a part-time student and Darby graduated from the University of Arkansas in 1936 with his bachelor's degree. One year later he received his Doctor of Medicine from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. He then received a master's degree in biological chemistry in 1941 from the University of Michigan under the advisorship of Howard B. Lewis; the following year he received a PhD from the University of Michigan.

## Career

Following his PhD, Darby moved to Nashville, Tennessee to work at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine as a Special Fellow in Nutrition in the International Health Division. He then had a one-year appointment as an assistant research professor of nutrition at the University of North Carolina in its school of public health. He returned to Vanderbilt University in 1944 as an assistant professor in two departments, medicine and biochemistry. He remained at Vanderbilt until his retirement in 1979, at which point he became a professor emeritus. In 1946 he was promoted to associate professor, and in 1948 he became the director of the school of medicine's division of nutrition, remaining director until 1971. In 1972 he became the chair of the biochemistry department, and carried out his directorship and chair duties while on leave to become president of the Nutrition Foundation until 1982. He was the founding editor of the Annual Review of Nutrition in 1981, remaining in the position until 1984.

## Awards and honors

He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1972.

## Personal life and death

Darby met Elva Louise née Mayo while they attended high school together. They were both in the orchestra, where Darby played the clarinet and Mayo played violin. They married on June 12, 1935. They had three children together. He died at his home in Nashville on June 6, 2001, at the age of 87.
# Augustin Tschinkel

Augustin Tschinkel (1905, Prague – 1983, Cologne) was a Czech artist active with the Figurative Constructivist art movement.
Tschinkel went to Cologne, Germany to attend the Pressa exhibition there. He was working with Ladislav Sutnar who was responsible for the Czech pavilion there. While in Cologne, he took the opportunity to meet with Franz Seiwert, who he was generally familiar with from reading left-wing art/politics journal Die Aktion to which Seiwert contributed both images and theoretical articles. He joined the Cologne Progressives, the art group that Seiwert had founded. He adopted their method of black and white images which were easy to mass-produce for leaflets and posters which they distributed to a largely working-class audience with little consideration for official constraints on where they put their posters. These they called "social graphics" and Tschinkel became the sole proponent of this artistic form in Czechoslovakia. In 1929 Augustin followed fellow member Gerd Arntz to Vienna to work for the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum. He was also accompanied by Peter Alma. Here, he became involved in the development of the Vienna Method, which emerged thanks to the combination of Otto Neurath's approach to visual education and the approach of the Figurative Constructivists.
The Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum was suppressed by the Austro-fascists following their defeat of the Schutzbund in the Austrian Civil War in February 1934. Tschinkel returned to Czechoslovakia and was employed as a graphic consultant for the state publishing house. Here he applied the Vienna method to the production of educational and statistical material. He also linked up with Sutnar again.
During the 1950s, he maintained correspondence with Raoul Hausmann.
# William Howard (died 1701)

The Honourable William Howard (c. 1674 – 18 July 1701) was an English Member of Parliament.
Howard was a younger son of the 2nd Earl of Carlisle, and brother of the 3rd Earl of Carlisle (who became First Lord of the Treasury in 1701). He entered Parliament in 1695 as member for Carlisle. At the general election in January 1701 he was elected for both Northumberland and Morpeth, choosing to sit for the former, but died later the same year.
# August Beer

August Beer (German:; 31 July 1825 – 18 November 1863) was a German physicist, chemist, and mathematician of Jewish descent.

## Biography

Beer was born in Trier, where he studied mathematics and natural sciences. Beer was educated at the technical school and gymnasium of his native town until 1845, when he went to Bonn to study mathematics and the sciences under the mathematician and physicist Julius Plücker, whose assistant he became later. In 1848 he won the prize for his essay, "De Situ Axium Opticorum in Crystallis Biaxibus," and obtained the degree of Ph.D. Two years later he was appointed lecturer at the University of Bonn.
In 1852, Beer published a paper on the absorption of red light in coloured aqueous solutions of various salts. Beer makes use of the fact, derived from Bouguer's and Lambert's absorption laws, that the intensity of light transmitted through a solution at a given wavelength decreases exponentially with the path length d and the concentration c of the solute (the solvent is considered non-absorbing). The “Absorption Coëfficient” that Beer defined is actually the transmittance (or transmission ratio), T = I / I$_0$. In Beer's formulation: "the transmittance of a concentrated solution can be derived from a measurement of the transmittance of a dilute solution."
The transmittance measured for any concentration and path length can be normalized to the corresponding transmittance for a standard concentration and path length. Beer conducted a number of experiments to confirm this empirical law, and to define a standard concentration of 10%, and a standard path length of 10 cm. The photometer, devised by Beer, is shown in the gallery below.
Beer continued to publish the results of his scientific labors, writing in 1854 Einleitung in die höhere Optik (Introduction to the Higher Optics). His findings, together with those of Johann Heinrich Lambert, make up the Beer–Lambert law. In 1855 he was appointed professor of mathematics at the University of Bonn. Beer also wrote "Einheit in der Electrostatik," published two years after his death. He died in Bonn in 1863.

## Beer's law

Beer's law, also called the Beer-Lambert law, in spectroscopy, is the physical law stating that the quantity of light absorbed by a substance dissolved in a nonabsorbing solvent is directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the path length of the light through the solution. Beer's law is commonly written in the form A = εcl, where A is the absorbance, c is the concentration in moles per liter, l is the path length in centimeters, and ε is a constant of proportionality known as the molar extinction coefficient. The law is accurate only for dilute solutions; deviations from the law occur in concentrated solutions because of interactions between molecules of the solute, the substance dissolved in the solvent.

## Gallery

* Photometer devised by Beer
* Example plot displaying the Beer–Lambert Law

## Selected writings

* Beer, August (1865). Einleitung in die Elektrostatik, die Lehre vom Magnetismus und die Elektrodynamik. Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn.
# David G. Turner

David G. Turner (born 1945) is a Canadian astronomer and professor (emeritus) in the department of astronomy and physics at Saint Mary's University.

## Early life and education

Turner was born in Toronto in 1945. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Waterloo, followed by a Master of Science and PhD from the University of Western Ontario.

## Career

Turner was the editor of the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada from 1995 to 2000, and continues as review editor. His research interests include stellar evolution, Cepheid variables, and open clusters. He is one of the foremost authorities on the North Star, Polaris. Asteroid 27810 Daveturner (= 1993 OC2) was named in his honor by Carolyn S. Shoemaker and David H. Levy.
# William Knell

William Knell may refer to:
* William Knell (actor) (died 1587), Elizabethan English actor
* William Adolphus Knell (1801–1875), British maritime painter
* William Calcott Knell (1830–1880), British landscape painter
# David Eaglin

David S. Eaglin is a United States Air Force major general who serves as the deputy commander of the Seventh Air Force. Previously, he was the vice director of operations of the North American Aerospace Defense Command.
In February 2021, he was assigned to take command of the 18th Wing, replacing Joel Carey.
In July 2024, he was nominated for promotion to major general.
# David Farley

David Farley (born September 25, 1971) is an American author and journalist.
Farley is originally from Dubuque, Iowa, but spent his formative years in Simi Valley, California. He graduated from Simi Valley High School and received a bachelor's degree from University of California, Santa Cruz and a master's degree in European history from San Francisco State University.
Farley writes mostly about travel, food, and culture for The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Conde Nast Traveler, and Newsweek, among other publications. In 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2019 he won Lowell Thomas Awards from the Society of American Travel Writers for magazine articles he has written. He has lived in Prague, Paris, Rome, New York City and Berlin.

## An Irreverent Curiosity

An Irreverent Curiosity: In Search of the Church's Strangest Relic in Italy's Oddest Town, Farley's first book, is a narrative history/travelogue about Farley's time living in Calcata, Italy while searching for the Holy Foreskin, which was preserved in the medieval hill town's church for centuries until it went missing under mysterious circumstances in the 1980s. The book was named one of the best travel books of the year by the Los Angeles Times and WorldHum.com and one of the best books of the decade by the Dubuque Telegraph Herald. In October 2010, it won a Lowell Thomas Award for best travel book.
In December 2013, National Geographic Channel broadcast a documentary, starring Farley and based on his book, called "The Quest for the Holy Foreskin".

## Underground Worlds

In May 2018, publisher Black Dog & Leventhal published Farley's second book, Underground Worlds: A Guide to Spectacular Subterranean Places.
# William Leonard (English politician)

William Leonard, of Dover, Kent, was an English politician.
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Dover in 1597.
# William Leonard (Medal of Honor)

William Leonard was a Medal of Honor recipient in the United States Army during the Plains Indian Wars. While serving as a private in Company L, 2nd U.S. Cavalry, he fought in an action against Indians at the Battle of Little Muddy Creek in Montana Territory on May 7, 1877.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Private, Company L, 2nd United States Cavalry. Place and date: At Muddy Creek, Montana, May 7, 1877. Entered service at: United States. Birth: Ypsilanti, Michigan, United States. Date of issue: August 8, 1877.
Citation:
   Bravery in action.
# William M'Dowall

William M'Dowall (21 July 1815 – 28 October 1888) was a Scottish journalist and antiquarian.

## Biography

M'Dowall was born at Maxwelltown, Kirkcudbrightshire, 21 July 1815, was son of a traveller for a cabinet-making firm. Receiving a good school education in Dumfries, he learned bookbinding there, and enlarged his experience in Glasgow and London. 1843, on becoming a free churchman, he was appointed to the editorial staff of the ‘Scottish Herald,’ an Edinburgh free church paper, and was afterwards for a short time reporter on the ‘Banner of Ulster.’ In 1846 he became editor of the Dumfries and Galloway Standard, and with a short interval, during which he edited a Sunderland paper, about 1853–4, M'Dowall conducted the ‘Galloway Standard’ till his death, raising it to an influential position. A public-spirited citizen, he was connected with all the leading institutions of his burgh, and in his ‘History of Dumfries,’ 1867 (enlarged in 1873), he produced a most valuable record. He died at Dumfries, 28 October 1888. He was twice married, and his second wife survives him.
M'Dowall displays grace of fancy and expression in ‘The Man of the Woods and other Poems,’ published in 1844, 2nd edit. 1882. Two chapters of his ‘History of Dumfries,’ relating to Burns, were separately issued in 1870 as ‘Burns in Dumfriesshire.’ In 1876, he published ‘Memorials of St. Michael's Churchyard,’ a compilation of antiquarian and biographical importance. His ‘Mind in the Face,’ which appeared in 1882, and reached a third edition in 1888, is a substantial contribution to the literature of physiognomy. M'Dowall's sumptuous and exhaustive volume, ‘Chronicles of Lincluden, as an Abbey and as a College,’ was published in 1886, and his last work, issued in 1888, is a study of ballad-writers, entitled ‘Among the Old Scottish Minstrels.’
# Attore North

Attore North, also known as Attore Angadi, or just Attore, is part of Kolazhy grama panchayat, in Puzhakkal block, in Thrissur taluk, in Thrissur district. It is located 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) north of Thrissur city.
Attore North is where the settlement originated and constituted the main village, hence the name, "Attore angadi" (meaning "Attore village").
Attore North is included in Pottore Census Town and served by Pottore (Mulagunnathukavu) post office, PIN 680581.

## History

Present day Attore North, in ancient times, was then part of Vijayapuram "pravrithi" in Trichur "taluq" and known as Attore "desam".
Oldest reference to the name "Attore" can be found in the 1788 publication "Memoir of a map of Hindoostan" by James Rennell.
# William Moore (actor)

William Aaron Moore (19 April 1916 – 24 April 2000) was an English character actor. He was best known for his role as long-suffering Sydney Lumsden in the popular 1980s comedy series Sorry! (in which he became known for the catchphrase "Language, Timothy!"). He also appeared in numerous other television programmes, including Coronation Street as Cyril Turpin, Betty Turpin's husband from 1969–1970. The character put in two more appearances in 1972, then died off-screen in 1974. Moore was married to actress Mollie Sugden from 29 March 1958 until his death. Their twin sons, Robin and Simon, were born in October 1963. Moore starred with Sugden in My Husband and I.
Moore died on 24 April 2000 in London, five days after his 84th birthday.

## Television roles

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1966, 1969–1970, 1972 | Coronation Street | Mr Wigglesworth Cyril Turpin |
| 1981–1988 | Sorry! | Sydney Lumsden |
| 1987–1988 | My Husband and I | George Powers |
| 1986 | That's My Boy | Mr Jessop |

## Selected filmography

* At the Stroke of Nine (1957)
* Black Jack (1979)
# Aurigamonas

Aurigamonas is a genus of predatory protists of an unusual cell structure, with two flagella and numerous haptopodia. It is a monotypic genus containing the single species Aurigamonas solis. It is the only genus of the family Aurigamonadidae.

## Etymology

The genus name comes from the Latin Auriga, meaning charioteer, as a reference to the rein-like motion of the posterior flagellum. The species epithet comes from the Latin solis, meaning sun, due to the Greek legend of the sun being drawn across the heavens by a charioteer.

## Morphology and movement

Aurigamonas are unicellular zooflagellates with a spherical to ovoid shape (3–18 μm in diameter). Their most striking characteristic are the numerous long stiff haptopodia (around 30 to 50, each around 6 μm in length) radiating from the cell body, supported by microfilaments and tipped by a dense haptosome. They bear two cilia: the posterior, long and used for propulsion (9–52 μm), that beats in sinuous waves from the base; and the anterior, short and not motile (4–8 μm). They have two contractile vacuoles next to the flagellar bases and the nucleus. They glide only on the distal segment of their posterior cilium.

## Ecology and behavior

Aurigamonas are soil-dwelling protists that prey on eukaryotic protozoa of very different sizes, and possibly bacteria. Their prey is captured by adhesion to haptopodia. At least three modes of ingestion have been distinguished:
* Phagocytosis of entire protists (such as Bodo saltans).
* Myzocytosis of parts of the cytoplasm of large prey (such as Euglena gracilis).
* Trawling of bacteria attached to the substrate by extending a large lamellipodium.
# David Kyle

David A. Kyle (February 14, 1919 – September 18, 2016) was an American science fiction writer and member of science fiction fandom.

## Professional career

Kyle served as a reporter in the Air Force Reserves with the rank of lieutenant colonel, writing civil defense material, while working at radio station WPDM in Potsdam, New York.
With Martin Greenberg, Kyle founded Gnome Press in 1948. He wrote two pictorial histories of science fiction (A Pictorial History of Science Fiction and The Illustrated Book of Science Fiction Ideas and Dreams) and three licensed novels set in the Lensman universe (The Dragon Lensman, Lensman from Rigel and Z-Lensman).
He appeared with Paul Levinson, Greg Bear and many others on the History Channel's 2002 documentary, Fantastic Voyage: Evolution of Science Fiction. He died at the age of 97 on September 18, 2016.

## Fandom

Kyle, an active fan since the earliest days of organized science fiction fandom, was an original member of New York's Futurians. In 1936, he published The Fantasy World, possibly the first comics fanzine.
He attended the first Worldcon, and both wrote and printed the "Yellow Pamphlet" condemning the organizers. The manifesto led chairman Sam Moskowitz to ban several prominent members of the Futurians from that convention.
Kyle chaired the 1956 14th World Science Fiction Convention (NyCon II), an incident at which inspired the fan catchphrase, "Dave Kyle says you can't sit here." He was created a Knight of The Order of Saint Fantony in 1961, and was awarded the Big Heart Award in 1973. Kyle was also Fan Guest of Honor at ConStellation, the 41st World Science Fiction Convention, in 1983.
In addition, he wrote hundreds of articles for various fanzines, including regular articles for Richard and Nicki Lynch's Mimosa.
Kyle married another fan, Ruth Evelyn Landis (whom he had met through fandom), on August 31, 1957; for their honeymoon they flew to England for the 1957 Worldcon there, together with 53 friends and in-laws, on a specially chartered flight. They remained married until her death on January 5, 2011. They had a son Arthur and a daughter Kerry.
# David Renfrew White

David Renfrew White (1847–1937) was a New Zealand teacher, educationalist and university professor, born in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
# William Frederick Jury

Sir William Frederick Jury (December 5, 1870 - August 2, 1944) was an influential film businessman in Britain. He led Jury Imperial Pictures, a British film production company during the silent film era. The company was a leading renter of films and contracted to distribute official British films. It was also a distributor of American films and was active in British colonies. Jury was also involved in distributing propaganda films for the British government. In 1914, he corresponded with William N. Selig.
Jury distributed a film about the Battle of the Somme and a sequel about the Battle of the Ancre for the British government. Jury's film company was the exclusive distributor in Britain for American film production company Metro Pictures.
Jury was awarded a knighthood in 1918. He established a convalescent home for film industry veterans. Jury owned the New Theatre in Bromley for a time.

## Filmography

* Britain Prepared (1915)
* The Battle of the Somme (1916)
* The Battle of the Ancre and the Advance of the Tanks (1917)
# Atty Persse

Henry Seymour "Atty" Persse (1869–1960) was a British racehorse trainer. He was Champion Trainer in 1930.
Persse was commissioned a second-lieutenant in the Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry on 28 June 1899, but resigned his commission on 13 September 1902.
He co-wrote the novel Trainer and Temptress which formed the basis for the 1925 silent film of the same name.
# Aurelia (TV series)

Aurelia, is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa and originally transmitted by Telesistema Mexicano.

## Cast

* Patricia Morán
* Enrique Aguilar
* Pituka de Foronda
* Sergio Bustamante
* Graciela Doring
* Mauricio Herrera
* Josefina Escobedo
* Alberto Galán
# David Svensson

David Svensson may refer to:
* David Svensson (footballer, born 1984), Swedish footballer for Falkenbergs FF
* David Svensson (footballer, born 1993), Swedish footballer for Helsingborgs IF
* David Svensson (rower) (born 1966), Swedish Olympic rower
# William Tate (bowls)

William Tate (1918–1977) was an Irish international lawn bowler.

## Bowls career

He won a bronze medal in the fours, at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh; alongside John Higgins, Harold Stevenson and Edward Gordon. Four years later, he represented Northern Ireland for a second successive Commonwealth Games in 1974.
He was also part of the fours team that missed out on a medal at the 1972 World Outdoor Bowls Championship, when a combined Ireland team finished in fourth place in the fours competition.
He won the 1963 Irish National Bowls Championships singles and won the singles at the British Isles Bowls Championships in 1964.