OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hermann Schäufele

Hermann Schäufele (14 November 1906 – 26 June 1977) was the Archbishop of Freiburg from 1958 to 1977, appointed by Pope Pius XII. He participated in the Vatican Council II.

## Biography

Schäufele studied theology in Freiburg and Rome. He was ordained in 1931. During the Nazi years, Schäufele continued theological and philosophical studies, leading to doctorates in both disciplines. In 1946, he became director of the Episcopal seminary Borromaeum for the formation of priests. In April 1955, he was consecrated as bishop, - functioning as the only auxiliary in the large archdioceses with almost 2000 priests. His titular bishopric was the diocese of Leptis Magna. After the death of the Archbishop of Freiburg, Schäufele was appointed by Pope Pius XII as his successor. He assumed his office on 16 September 1958.
He founded schools, hospitals and research institutes. In the 1960s, he became known for an initiative, "Year for the Church", by which young people volunteered one year for Church service. Theologically conservative, he was open to ecumenical dialogues. A deeply spiritual person and fervent admirer of the Virgin Mary, he prayed daily the rosary. He died during his annual vacations in Austria on 26 June 1977, aged 70, while reciting the rosary.

## Relation to Pope Pius XII

Becoming archbishop of Freiburg on 16 September 1958, Schäufele was one of the last appointees of the Pontiff, who died only three weeks later. Hermann Schäufele assisted in the translation and edition of the Soziale Summe Pius XII, which lists all speeches and writings of Pope Pius XII, and includes the text of all non-theological ones. While there are listings and summary editions of the theology of the Pope in several languages, this edition is as of date the only complete publication of the non-theological writings of the late pontiff in any language.
In 1946, Schäufele published a book on the social order and international relations according to the teachings of Pope Pius XII. As archbishop, he regularly quoted from the teachings, encyclicals and speeches of Pope Pius XII.

## Sources

* Hermann Schäufele, Pius XII, Papst, Zur Neuordnung im Staats- und Völkerleben. Ansprachen. Waibstadt (bei Heidelberg), Kemper 1946. 19 cm. 250 Seiten
* Gehrig, Helmut, Über das Bischöfliche Amt : Festakademie anlässlich died 70. Geburtstages Seiner Exzellenz d. hochwürdigsten Herrn Erzbischofs von Freiburg Hermann Schäufele / [Hrsg. Helmut Gehrig] Paolo Marella .... - Karlsruhe : Badenia Verl., 1966 [erschienen] 1967. - 83 S.; (dt.) (Veröffentlichungen der Katholischen Akademie der Erzdiözese Freiburg ; 4) Festschrift Hermann Schäufele
# Chaetopsis wauchii

Chaetopsis wauchii is a species of fungus in the genus Chaetopsis.
# Change Charagua

Change Charagua (in Spanish: Cambio Charagua), a political grouping that contested the December 2004 municipal elections in Charagua, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. CACHA won one of the five council seats. In total it received 12.8% of the votes.
# Change Congress

Change Congress was a project aiming to end corruption in the United States Congress by reducing what it considered the distorted influence of money in that legislative body. Founded in 2008 by Lawrence Lessig and Joe Trippi, Change Congress aimed to organize citizens to support political candidates who do not take contributions from PACs and lobbyists, oppose earmarks, support public financing of campaigns, and support more transparency in Congress.
Change Congress later became Fix Congress First, and was finally named Rootstrikers. In November 2011, Lessig announced that Rootstrikers would join forces with Dylan Ratigan's Get Money Out campaign, under the umbrella of the United Republic organization. Rootstrikers subsequently became a project of Demand Progress.

## History

Change Congress was officially launched on March 20, 2008, at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., during an event sponsored by the Sunlight Foundation.
Lessig weighed a bid for Congress against incumbent Jackie Speier, but decided against it, citing the importance of staying focused on the Change Congress movement.
Change Congress's main aim was to fight against "institutional corruption" within Congress by encouraging candidates to run on its platform and provide campaign contributions to those who do so. From January 2009 on, Change Congress was focusing its efforts on promoting citizen-funded elections, mainly through its Donor Strike campaign and support for the Fair Elections Now Act, and the three stage strategy had disappeared from its website.

## Tracking candidates

Change Congress hopes to use volunteers to create a comprehensive list of members of Congress and where they stand on issues of lobbyists, earmarks, public financing, and increased transparency in government.
As of January 9, 2009, the candidate tracking feature no longer existed on the Change Congress website.

## Political donations

Change Congress also hopes to change citizens' campaign contribution habits by giving people the option of only supporting candidates who pledge to honor some or all of Change Congress' pledge commitments.
As of January 9, 2009, the political donation feature has been removed from the Change Congress website due to the Donor Strike campaign.

## Donor strike

On January 8, 2009, Lessig appeared on The Colbert Report, and the following day Change Congress announced the Donor Strike.
The Donor Strike is an attempt to gain support amongst congressmen for citizen-funded congressional campaigns and in particular the Fair Elections Now Act. By signing up for the strike, supporters pledge "not to donate to any federal candidate unless they support legislation making congressional elections citizen-funded, not special-interest funded." The campaign hopes to strong-arm congressmen into supporting citizen-funded elections by withholding campaign donations.
As of May 28, 2009 Change Congress says it has motivated $1,563,920 in pledged campaign donation withholdings through the Donor Strike, although there is no real way to verify these numbers.
# Change Bridge, Kendal

Change Bridge is a Grade II listed single-arch changeline bridge spanning what was formerly a section of the Lancaster Canal in the English market town of Kendal, Cumbria. The structure dates to around 1817. Horses pulling laden barges crossed from one side of the canal to the other, to avoid the coal wharves on the northwestern side of the bridge. It now carries Garden Road, and is believed to be the only change bridge in Cumbria.
The bridge is probably the work of John Fletcher, based on earlier designs by John Rennie the Elder. Rennie's route for the canal was authorised in 1792.
It is constructed of squared coursed limestone with limestone voussoirs. Ramped paths lead to and from either side, with the cobblestones of the western ramp still intact.
Kendal Civic Society restored the bridge in 2002 to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.
# Heritage College (Calgary)

Heritage College is a provincially accredited private career college located in Calgary, Alberta. Founded in 2014 as the Noor Pharmacy Training Centre, the institute subsequently rebranded as Heritage College in 2016.

## Programs

Heritage College offers programs in Healthcare and Business.

### Healthcare

* Express Pharmacy Assistant Program (4-month diploma)
* Medical Office Assistant & Unit Clerk Certificate (6-month certificate)
* Addictions & Community Support Worker Certificate (6-month accreditation)

### Business

* Accounting and Payroll Administration Diploma Program (1-year Diploma)
* Business Administration & Management Diploma Program (1-year Diploma)
* Retail Administration Certificate Program (6 Months Certificate)
# Henry Reynolds (archaeologist)

Henry Reynolds was an important Archaeologist in Georgia.
In 1888, Henry L. Reynolds joined the Mound Exploration Division of the Bureau of American Ethnology. The purpose of this division, directed by Cyrus Thomas, was to conduct an extensive survey of Indian mounds in the eastern United States. While the Mound Exploration Division investigated mound sites in many eastern states, Reynolds performed most of his research in South Carolina and Georgia. In fact, Reynolds’ excavations at the Hollywood Mounds site, located on a bend of the Savannah River about ten miles south of Augusta, Georgia are thought to be the most proficient excavation undertaken in Georgia during the Bureau’s involvement. The Hollywood Mounds site consists of two medium-sized platform mounds. Reynolds fully excavated the smaller of the two mounds and discovered many elaborate artifacts belonging to the Southern Cult, as well as several burials. In his investigations of the Hollywood Mounds site, Reynolds considered the site inside of an ecological setting; he was one of the first archaeologists in the world to think of any site in an ecological context. Many consider Reynolds to be the first “modern” archaeologist in Georgia.
After the Mound Exploration project came to a close, Reynolds was the only assistant retained by the Bureau. In 1894, while completing the project’s report, Cyrus Thomas sent Reynolds back to Georgia and South Carolina to retrieve some final information. After finishing at the Hollywood site, Reynolds proceeded to South Carolina, where he took ill and died suddenly in the field.
# Champs, Puy-de-Dôme

Champs (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Herman Munthe-Kaas

Herman Munthe-Kaas (25 May 1890 – 5 May 1977) was a Norwegian architect. He was primarily known for his functionalist building designs.

## Biography

Munthe-Kaas was born at Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the son of Marius William Munthe-Kaas (1856-1926) and Hermine Cathrine Blichfeldt (1863-1937). Munthe-Kaas graduated from Kristiania tekniske skole (now Oslo University College) in 1910 and Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry (Statens Håndverks- og Kunstindustriskole) in 1912. He apprenticed with Arnstein Arneberg from 1916 to 1918. In 1918, Munthe Kaas attended the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and during 1919-20 the Academy of Arts in Copenhagen.
Together with Gudolf Blakstad, he started the architectural firm Blakstad og Munthe-Kaas Arkitekter in 1922. The firm discontinued a few years after Gudolf Blakstad death in 1989. The firm collaborated on several significant assignments in Norway including Kunstnernes Hus for which they were awarded the Houen Foundation Award in 1931.
Their work also included the City Hall in Haugesund (1931), Elgeseter Bridge (1951) in Trondheim, Bodø Cathedral (1956) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland and Alfaset chapel (1972) in Oslo.
# Chapet

Chapet (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France, about 16 km east of Mantes-la-Jolie. It is on the Normandy motorway (A13).
The commune's neighbours are Verneuil-sur-Seine to the northeast, to the east is Vernouillet, with Morainvilliers to the southeast, Ecquevilly to the southwest, and to the northwest is Les Mureaux.
It is a largely rural and agricultural community; the land is divided mainly between arable crops (cereals, oilseed rape) with some woods and forest.
The parish church of Saint-Denis dates from the 12th century. The bell-tower was added in 1859.
# Chacoa

Chacoa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
There is only one known species, Chacoa pseudoprasiifolia, native to southern Brazil (Santa Catarina State), Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina.

## formerly included

Chacoa mikaniifolia (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Synonym of Bishovia mikaniifolia (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
# Chak 369 JB Jodha Nagri, Gojra

Jodha Nagri Chak 369 JB is a village in the Toba Tek Singh district in Punjab, Pakistan. It is around 7 to 8 km from Gojra on Mongi Bangle/Khidrwala road.
The village is a small settlement in a rural setting. The inhabitants are well educated in this village. The villagers want to improve their village at a fast pace. It is one of the most organized villages in Punjab, Pakistan. Most of the people are working in foreign countries. The Government of Pakistan is providing all the facilities to this village. Jodha Nagri has facilities like a hospital, a school, a poultry farm, water supply, gas supply and is connected to nearby cities and villages with wide roads. There is a food factory that employs the villagers. The people speak two languages namely Punjabi and Urdu. The script Shahmukhi is prevalent.

## History

This village was established by migrants from the Village who moved to this place from a village with the same name Jodha Nagri, now in District Amritsar, East Punjab(India) in the time period between 1880 and 1890. This was the time when Britishers have established (Sandal Bar) an extensive canal irrigation system and allotted land to farming communities. The land was very fertile and even today is the main source of income of the inhabitants. The people who established this village were mainly from the Sikh community. They lived in this village for odd sixty years. The whole village migrated back to East Punjab at the time of the partition of India in 1947. After that, the land was allotted to the people who have displaced from the present East Punjab (India).

## Schools

* Govt. High School for Boys, Jodha Nagri - گورئمنٹ ھا ئی سکول فار بوائز،
* Govt. Girls Primary School, Jodha Nagri - گورئمنٹ گرلز پرائمری سکول،ہ

## Mosque in Chak 369 JB

* مسجد Madni
# Chambers

Chambers commonly refers to:
* Chambers (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Chambers (TV series), a 2019 American supernatural horror show
Chambers may also refer to:

## Places
### Canada

* Chambers Township, Ontario

### United States

* Chambers, Arizona
* Chambers, Nebraska
* Chambers, West Virginia
* Chambers Branch, a stream in Kansas
* Chambers County, Alabama
* Chambers County, Texas
* Chambers Township, Holt County, Nebraska

## Businesses and products

* Chambers (publisher), formerly W. & R. Chambers Publishers
** Chambers Dictionary, first published 1872
** Chambers Biographical Dictionary, first published in 1897
** Chambers's Encyclopaedia, 1859–1979
* Chambers Communications, an American broadcasting company
* Chambers and Partners, producing rankings for the legal industry
* Chambers stove, cooking appliances sold under the Chambers brand

## Other uses

* Chambers (album), by Steady & Co., 2001
* Chambers (series), a British radio and TV sitcom
* Chambers (ship), the name of several ships
* Barristers' chambers, rooms used by barristers
* Judge's chambers, the office of a judge
# Changing Channels (Pangaea album)

Changing Channels is the second studio album by English dubstep musician Pangaea. It was released on 6 October 2023, through Hessle Audio.

## Background and singles

On 16 May 2023, only a few months after the release of the two-track EP Fuzzy Logic / Still Moving Water, the musician released the first single and intro of the album "Installations." With its "chopped-up vocals," the track was created as a nod to his 2011 single "Hex." McAuley shared the news of the album on 13 June 2023. That day also saw the release of two singles: the title-track and "Hole Away," songs that he described as "tried and tested over the past few weeks and months." To the musician, the album felt like it "distilled all the different elements of" his music of the previous 15 years and called it his "most complete record to date." Upon announcing the album, it was seen as a fusion of "bass abstraction with dynamic, sometimes abrasive club frequencies." On 12 September, McAuley released a third single titled "Bad Lines," a "happy hardcore salute" that blends UK dance music "with his own unique brand of world-building."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork | 8.3/10 |
Writing for Pitchfork, Philip Sherburne awarded Changing Channels the accolade "Best New Music," saying Pangaea created a record that avoids what other mainstream "chart-pop samples" or "Eurodance classics" are guilty of: "a vaguely guilty-pleasure insinuation of getting away with something naughty." Sherburne opined that the album captures "a welcome shift in flow" while being proof that one "can get silly without sounding stupid."
In Resident Advisor, Changing Channels is described as an album that "takes McAuley's deft touch to route-one house, breakbeat techno and happy hardcore.
Pitchfork ranked it the 36th best album of 2023.
# Charles A. Blair

Charles A. Blair (1854–1912) was a member of the Michigan Supreme Court from 1905 until 1912.
Blair was born in Jackson, Michigan, the son of Austin Blair. He received a bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan and then studied law at his father's law office. He passed the bar in 1878 and the following year married Effie C. North.
Blair held several public offices including serving as prosecuting attorney for Jackson County. In 1902 he was elected Attorney General of Michigan. He served in this position until he began as justice of the State Supreme Court after the 1904 election.

## Sources

* Bio of Blair
Legal offices :
| Preceded byHorace M. Oren | Michigan Attorney General 1903–1905 | Succeeded byJohn E. Bird |
# Herman McInnes

Herman Lewis McInnes (also Hermon McInnes or Herman McInnis) (October 13, 1862 – July 16, 1923) was a Canadian politician from Alberta, who served as a municipal councilor in Edmonton.

## Biography

Herman McInnes was born in Saint John, New Brunswick and educated in Fredericton. He worked as a druggist for five years in that city and in Winnipeg after graduating high school. He studied medicine at the Manitoba Medical College — now part of the University of Manitoba - from which he graduated in 1886. He served as an assistant surgeon during the North-West Rebellion.
He came to Edmonton in 1886 and took up the practice of medicine before going to Europe for further study from 1889 until 1892. He resumed his practice upon his return and also founded McInnes Lumber Company in 1902.

## Political career

He was elected to Edmonton City Council for a one-year term as an alderman in the 1907 municipal election, in which he finished fifth out of twelve candidates. He was re-elected to two year terms in the 1908 election (finishing third of thirteen candidates) and the 1910 election (finishing third of eleven candidates).
However, the latter term was truncated when Edmonton amalgamated with Strathcona and elections were held for an entirely new council. McInnes was re-elected for a one-year term in the 1912 Edmonton municipal election, but he resigned May 7, 1912.

## Later life and death

In 1912, McInnes retired from the practice of medicine to look after his other interests, which included the lumber company (which he sold in 1914) and prospecting for oil. He died in 1923.

### Affiliations

He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Masonic Order, the Conservative Party, and the Edmonton Philharmonic Society.
# Heron Lake

Heron Lake can refer to:
* Heron Lake, Minnesota, a small city in the United States
* Heron Lake (Jackson County, Minnesota)
* Heron Lake (New Mexico), a reservoir in Rio Arriba County
# Chaplin

Chaplin may refer to:

## People

* Charlie Chaplin (1889–1977), English comedy film actor and director
* Chaplin (name), other people named Chaplin

## Films

* Unknown Chaplin (1983)
* Chaplin (film) (1992)
* Chaplin (2011 film), Bengali film starring Rudranil Ghosh

## Stage musicals

* Chaplin (1993 musical) (1993), a stage musical with music by Roger Anderson, lyrics by Lee Goldsmith and book by Ernest Kinoy
* Chaplin (2006 musical) (2006), a musical with music and lyrics by Christopher Curtis and a book by Curtis and Thomas Meehan

## Places

* Chaplin, Connecticut
* Chaplin, Nelson County, Kentucky
* Chaplin, West Virginia
* Chaplin, Nova Scotia
* Chaplin, Saskatchewan
* Chaplin Lake, lake in Saskatchewan
* Rural Municipality of Chaplin No. 164, Saskatchewan

## Other

* Chaplin (magazine), Swedish film magazine published by the Swedish Film Institute from 1959 to 1997
# Chancellery of Saxony

The Chancellery of Saxony (or the Saxon Chancellery) may refer to:
* State Chancellery of Saxony: modern
* Electoral Chancellery of Saxony: historical
# Charles Duncombe

Charles Duncombe may refer to:
* Charles Duncombe (English banker) (1648–1711), English banker, MP and Lord Mayor
* Charles Duncombe, 1st Baron Feversham (1764–1841), English MP
* Charles Duncombe (Upper Canada Rebellion) (1792–1867), American physician and politician in Canada and USA
* Charles Duncombe, 2nd Earl of Feversham (1879–1916), English Conservative MP; known as Viscount Helmsley 1881–1915
* Charles Duncombe, 3rd Earl of Feversham (1906–1963), English Conservative MP; son of 2nd Earl; Viscount Helmsley 1915–1916
# Hermite's identity

In mathematics, Hermite's identity, named after Charles Hermite, gives the value of a summation involving the floor function. It states that for every real number x and for every positive integer n the following identity holds:
    $\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}\left\lfloor x+{\frac {k}{n}}\right\rfloor =\lfloor nx\rfloor .$

## Proofs
### Proof by algebraic manipulation

Split $x$ into its integer part and fractional part, $x=\lfloor x\rfloor +\{x\}$. There is exactly one $k'\in \{1,\ldots ,n\}$ with
    $\lfloor x\rfloor =\left\lfloor x+{\frac {k'-1}{n}}\right\rfloor \leq x<\left\lfloor x+{\frac {k'}{n}}\right\rfloor =\lfloor x\rfloor +1.$
By subtracting the same integer $\lfloor x\rfloor$ from inside the floor operations on the left and right sides of this inequality, it may be rewritten as
    $0=\left\lfloor \{x\}+{\frac {k'-1}{n}}\right\rfloor \leq \{x\}<\left\lfloor \{x\}+{\frac {k'}{n}}\right\rfloor =1.$
Therefore,
    $1-{\frac {k'}{n}}\leq \{x\}<1-{\frac {k'-1}{n}},$
and multiplying both sides by $n$ gives
    $n-k'\leq n\,\{x\}<n-k'+1.$
Now if the summation from Hermite's identity is split into two parts at index $k'$, it becomes
    ${\begin{aligned}\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}\left\lfloor x+{\frac {k}{n}}\right\rfloor &=\sum _{k=0}^{k'-1}\lfloor x\rfloor +\sum _{k=k'}^{n-1}(\lfloor x\rfloor +1)=n\,\lfloor x\rfloor +n-k'\\[8pt]&=n\,\lfloor x\rfloor +\lfloor n\,\{x\}\rfloor =\left\lfloor n\,\lfloor x\rfloor +n\,\{x\}\right\rfloor =\lfloor nx\rfloor .\end{aligned}}$

### Proof using functions

Consider the function
    $f(x)=\lfloor x\rfloor +\left\lfloor x+{\frac {1}{n}}\right\rfloor +\ldots +\left\lfloor x+{\frac {n-1}{n}}\right\rfloor -\lfloor nx\rfloor$
Then the identity is clearly equivalent to the statement $f(x)=0$ for all real $x$. But then we find,
    $f\left(x+{\frac {1}{n}}\right)=\left\lfloor x+{\frac {1}{n}}\right\rfloor +\left\lfloor x+{\frac {2}{n}}\right\rfloor +\ldots +\left\lfloor x+1\right\rfloor -\lfloor nx+1\rfloor =f(x)$
Where in the last equality we use the fact that $\lfloor x+p\rfloor =\lfloor x\rfloor +p$ for all integers $p$. But then $f$ has period $1/n$. It then suffices to prove that $f(x)=0$ for all $x\in [0,1/n)$. But in this case, the integral part of each summand in $f$ is equal to 0. We deduce that the function is indeed 0 for all real inputs $x$.
# Charles Frank (disambiguation)

Charles Frank (born 1947) is an American actor.
Charles Frank may also refer to:
* Frederick Charles Frank (1911–1998), known as Sir Charles Frank, British theoretical physicist
* Charles Frank Ltd, an optical and scientific instrument maker in Glasgow, Scotland
* Charles Frank (instrument maker) (1865–?), optical and scientific instrument maker from Glasgow, Scotland
# Character Codex

Character Codex is a supplement for fantasy role-playing games published by Judges Guild in 1979.

## Contents

Character Codex is a players' aid, a book of character record sheets, each with an illustration portraying a character of the appropriate class. It also includes an equipment price list.

## Publication history

Character Codex features art by Jennell Jaquays, and was published by Judges Guild in 1979 as a 96-page book.
TSR extended Judges Guild's license to include Advanced Dungeons & Dragons in 1978, which allowed Judges Guild to produce many more products in that line, beginning with the Character Codex (1979).$^{:196}$