OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bond vigilante

A bond vigilante is a bond market investor who protests against monetary or fiscal policies considered inflationary by selling bonds, thus increasing yields.
In the bond market, prices move inversely to yields. When investors perceive that inflation risk or credit risk is rising they demand higher yields to compensate for the added risk. As a result, bond prices fall and yields rise, which increases the net cost of borrowing. The term refers to the (alleged) ability of the bond market to serve as a restraint on the government's ability to over-spend and over-borrow.

## United States
### Clinton administration

From October 1993 to November 1994 US 10-year yields climbed from 5.2% to just over 8.0% fueled by concerns about federal spending in what became informally known as the "Great Bond Massacre." With some guidance from Robert Rubin, the United States Secretary of the Treasury, the Clinton administration and Congress made an effort to reduce the deficit, and 10-year yields dropped to approximately 4% by November 1998.
Clinton political adviser James Carville said at the time, "I used to think that if there was reincarnation, I wanted to come back as the president or the pope or as a .400 baseball hitter. But now I would like to come back as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody."

### Obama administration

During the Obama administration some suggest that bond vigilantes were making a return with worries over sustainability and budgetary responsibility. Mark MacQueen, a partner and money manager at Sage Advisory Services Ltd., based in Austin, Texas, said, "The vigilante group is different this time around. Its major foreign creditors. This whole idea that we need to spend our way out of our problems is being questioned." However, economist Paul Krugman and other New Keynesians pointed out that there was no evidence for bond vigilante activity by pointing out the fact that 10-year yields remained quite low.

## United Kingdom

Bond vigilantes have been described as partly responsible for the British government headed by Liz Truss's U-turn on its proposed mini-budget, which would have greatly increased disposable income by cutting taxes across the board. As a result of the proposed plan, the British pound fell to its all time low against the dollar and government bond yields rose to multi-year highs, forcing the Bank of England to intervene and causing Liz Truss to sack then Chancellor of the Exchequer Kwasi Kwarteng. After new Chancellor of the Exchequer Jeremy Hunt announced the plan would be scrapped on 17 October, bond markets began to stabilize.

## Eurozone

During the eurozone crisis that started in 2009, bond vigilantes were blamed for pushing up the government borrowing in the periphery countries. However, many economists agree with Ed Yardeni, who coined the term "bond Vigilantes" in the 1980s, that actions of central banks are able to keep rates low against the pressure of bond vigilantes.
# Bonda

Bonda may refer to:

## People

* Bonda people, are a Munda ethnic group in Odisha, India
* Bonda language, spoken by Bonda people in Odisha, India
* Bonda Mani, an Indian actor
* Bonda Umamaheswara Rao, an Indian politician

## Other uses

* Bonda (snack), is a deep-fried South Indian potato snack
* Bonda mastiff bat, Species of bat from central, America
* Bondara, the UK’s largest adult retailers
# Emmanuel Presbyterian Church (Colorado Springs, Colorado)

Emmanuel Presbyterian Church (Unity Church of the Nazarene) is a historic church at 419 Mesa Road in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It was built in 1903 and was added to the National Register in 1984. The Emmanuel Presbyterian Church is significant as one of the few remaining examples of vernacular ecclesiastical architecture of landmark proportions in Colorado Springs.
# Emmy Loose

Emmy Loose (22 January 1914 in Chabařovice – 14 October 1987 in Vienna) was an Austrian operatic soprano particularly associated with soubrette roles.
After vocal studies in Prague Conservatory, she made her stage debut in Hanover as Blonchen in Die Entführung aus dem Serail, in 1939. She first appeared at the Vienna State Opera in 1941, as Annchen in Der Freischütz, and remained with this theatre some 25 years, establishing herself in Mozart soubrette roles (Susanna, Zerlina, Despina).
She made guest appearances at the festivals of Salzburg, Aix-en-Provence, and Glyndebourne, at La Scala in Milan, the Royal Opera House in London, the Liceu in Barcelona, the San Carlo in Naples, the Munich State Opera, etc.
She took part in the creation of Gottfried von Einem's Der Besuch der alten Dame at the Vienna State Opera in 1971. She retired from the stage in 1979, and began teaching at the Vienna Music Academy and at the Sommerakademie in Salzburg.

## Sources

* Operissimo.com
* This article about an Austrian opera singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Empire of Karn

Empire of Karn is an adventure game released for the Commodore 64 in 1985 by Interceptor Software. It's a sequel to The Heroes Of Karn from 1983. It was written by Ian Gray with music and graphics by Chris Cox.
# Endocrine Practice

Endocrine Practice is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering endocrinology. It was established in 1995, and is the official journal of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and the American College of Endocrinology (ACE). It is published by AACECOR, Inc., a subsidiary of the AACE and ACE, and the editor-in-chief is Derek LeRoith (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.805.
# Enerplus

Enerplus Corporation is one of Canada’s largest independent oil and gas producers. It holds oil and natural gas property interest in the United States and in western Canada, in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan.
Canada's first income fund, the firm is based in Calgary, Alberta and traded on both the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange before being acquired by Chord Energy.

## History

Enerplus was established in 1986 by Marcel Tremblay, a pension fund manager and John Brussa, a lawyer. It was originally called Enerplus Resources Fund, and it was Canada's first income trust. Its original purpose was to provide income from mature, aging oil and gas assets to retail investors, taking advantage of the tax advantages of the income trust structure. It started trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange in 1986 with a $10 million IPO.
In 1996, Mark Resources renamed itself Enermark, became an income trust, and joined the Enerplus group of companies. This was at the behest of Enerplus's then-CEO, Marcel Tremblay, in response to a hostile take-over attempt. In 2000, Enerplus merged with the Westrock Funds. In 2001, Enermark was merged into Enerplus. In 2004, it bought some of ChevronTexaco's western Canadian assets for $467 million. In 2005, Enerplus acquired American energy company Lyco Energy for $500 million, as part of an expansion strategy into the United States. Lyco held assets in South Dakota and Montana. This was the largest American acquisition by a Canadian oil and gas income trust to that time.
In 2008, Enerplus acquired Focus Energy Trust for $1.4 billion in stock. Focus unit-holders ended up owning 20% of the merged entity. Focus primarily specialized in natural gas production. In 2010, Enerplus sold their Kirby oilsands leases for $400 million, as a move of the company away from the oilsands. Around the same time, the company bought several properties in the Bakken formation in North Dakota for US$456 million.
Enerplus Corporation converted from an income trust to a corporate entity on January 1, 2011, after receiving approval by 98.5% of unitholders. This was done because of changes in the taxation rules for income trusts.
In 2016, Enerplus sold its Alberta natural gas properties for $193 million.
In 2024, it was announced that Enerplus would be acquired by Chord Energy for US$3.8 billion in cash and that its stock would be delisted from the TSX and NYSE. The acquisition was completed in June.

## Operations

As of 2015, Enerplus produced 110,800 barrels per day, 55% from natural gas, and 45% from crude oil and other liquids. 75% of production in the United States, and 25% is in Canada. It has three main areas of operation:
* The Williston basin: The company produces crude oil from properties in the Fort Berthold area of North Dakota. As of 2017, production was 30,000 barrels per day.
* The Marcellus region in Pennsylvania, where the company has shale gas assets, with a 2017 production of around 200 million cubic feet (5.7 million cubic metres) per day
* Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, with 2016 crude oil production of 10,000 barrels per day
# Endothenia citharistis

Endothenia citharistis is a moth of the family Tortricidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1909. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Java and Myanmar.
Its larval food plant is Lagerstroemia.
# Borgström

Borgström or Borgstrøm is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Claes Borgström (1944–2020), Swedish lawyer and Social Democratic politician
* Hilda Borgström (1871–1953), Swedish stage and film actress
* Hjalmar Borgstrøm (1864–1925), Norwegian composer and music critic
* Inge Borgstrøm, retired badminton player from Denmark
* Mary Borgstrom (1916 – 2019), Canadian potter, ceramist, and artist
# Borgström Tobacco Factory

The Borgström Tobacco Factory was a tobacco manufacturing center located at Meritullinkatu 1 in Kruununhaka, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland, from 1839 onwards. The Borgström company was founded by trade advisor Henrik Borgström [fi] (Senior) in 1834. The factory ceased operations in 1928.
The factory's two-story stone building finished in 1857, took eighteen years to complete, and was later expanded into a large complex with additional buildings finished in 1865, 1873 and 1888. After Henrik Borgström's death, the company passed to his son, the trade advisor Johan Leonard Borgström [fi], and in 1903 to his son, Arthur Travers-Borgström [fi].
The factory operated from 1904 as a limited company under the name H. Borgström J:r Tobaksfabrik Ab, and it was the largest tobacco factory in Helsinki at the beginning of the twentieth century. It counted some 700 employees in 1913, with an annual production value of 4 million marks. The factory's cigarette brands included Kaukasiska, Kalif Prima, Odessa, and Tilaus, as well as the most famous cigar brand, Fennia. The factory also produced pipe tobacco. The factory was further expanded to the side of Meritullintor with a five-story building completed in 1904, designed by Waldemar Aspelin.
During the Finnish Civil War, in connection with the occupation of Helsinki in April 1918, the end building of the tobacco factory and the cell wing building of the main garrison in Helsinki, located to the south, were damaged by artillery fire from the Imperial German Navy.
In 1919, the company's shares were transferred to Ab Ph. U. Strengberg & C:o Oy, who owned the Strengberg tobacco factory. The operation of the Borgström tobacco factory ended in August 1928 and the company was merged with Strengberg in 1929. The property on Meritullinkatu remained Strengberg's ownership, and between 1946 and 1966 the property was owned by Oy Armiro Ab, to whom Strengberg's real estate was sold in 1946. In 1966, the properties owned by Armiro were sold to Finnish tobacco tycoon Gilbert von Rettig [fi] (1928–1994).
# Booher, West Virginia

Booher is an unincorporated community in Tyler County, West Virginia, United States, along Indian Creek. Its post office is closed.
The community takes its name from nearby Booher Creek.
# Born to Fight

Born to Fight may refer to:
* Born to Fight (1936 film), an American boxing film starring Frankie Darro
* Born to Fight (1984 film), a Thai action film
* Born to Fight (1989 film), an action film
* Born to Fight (2004 film), a Thai action film
* Knockout (2011 film), released with the title Born to Fight
* Born to Fight (album), a 2018 album by Karise Eden
# Borrowed Clothes

Borrowed Clothes is a 1934 British drama film directed by Arthur Maude and starring Anne Grey, Lester Matthews and Sunday Wilshin.
It was made as a quota quickie for release by Columbia Pictures.

## Cast

* Anne Grey as Lady Mary Torrent
* Lester Matthews as Sir Harry Torrent
* Sunday Wilshin as Lottie Forrest
* Joe Hayman as Herman Jacob
* Renée Macready as Diana Arbuthnot
* P.G. Clark as Donald MacDonald
* Philip Strange as Clarence Ponsonby
* Anthony Holles as Gilbert Pinkley
* Elizabeth Inglis as Barbara
* Constance Shotter as Babette
# Encheng

Encheng (Chinese: 恩城镇) is a town in Pingyuan County, Dezhou, in northwestern Shandong province, China.
# Bosner Island

Bosner Island is an Antarctic rocky island, 0.6 km (0.3 nmi) long, lying 0.19 km (0.1 nmi) northwest of Boffa Island and half a kilometre east of Browning Peninsula in the south part of the Windmill Islands. It was first mapped from air photos taken by USN Operation Highjump and Operation Windmill in 1947 and 1948. Named by the US-ACAN for Paul Bosner, member of one of the two Operation Windmill photographic units which obtained aerial and ground photos of the area in January 1948.
# Enzie railway station

Enzie railway station was a station which served the hamlet of Enzie, in the Scottish county of Moray. It was served by trains on the Buckie and Portessie Branch north of Keith. The latter station is now the nearest to Enzie.

## History

The station was opened by the Highland Railway in 1884 and had a short life with services being suspended during World War I on 9 August 1915 and the rails south of Buckie removed, although it was hoped to restart services. The line remained closed in 1923, when the Highland Railway was absorbed by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS). After this the track was relaid, but services were not restarted and the track removed again in 1937. The nearby Aultmore became the terminus of a goods spur from Keith and continued in use until 1966.
Work had begun on the Keith to Portessie line of the Highland Railway on 7 November 1882. Wartime economies led to closure of the line on 9 August 1915 and in 1917 the track between Aultmore (towards Keith) and Portessie was requisitioned by the Admiralty. The Great North of Scotland Railway (GNoSR) re-opened the north and south sections of line by 1919, but the Aultmore to Portessie section passing through Enzie, Drybridge and Rathven was never re-opened and the track was again removed in 1937.

### Infrastructure

The station had a single platform, a signal box and a goods shed with a stationmaster's house nearby. A set of sidings ran towards Aultmore with a weigh machine located to one side. A second signal box was located nearby on the line towards Drybridge Platform. Murdoch Paterson was the architect responsible for the station buildings.
vteBuckie and Portessie Branch (Highland Railway) :
Legend :

## The site today

The station site is now occupied by a house. The original signal box can still be seen, albeit relocated to a residential garden as a feature, down in the village of Clochan some 1/2 mile away.
At the turn-off to the Enzie Station, a memorial to the Landgirls can be found honouring the effort that was made by the women during the wars of the 20th century. This was the first of any kind in Great Britain and was opened by Prince Charles in October 2012. There is a parking area and a bench for reflecting and remembering or enjoying the peaceful location or magnificent views across the Moray Firth.
# Enzklösterle

Enzklösterle is a municipality in the district of Calw in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## History

Enzklösterle was first mentioned in a document from 1323 as "Klösterlein ze der Entz". It became a possession of the County of Württemberg between the years 1323 and 1345. In 1599, the Duke of Württemberg established a managed forest in Enzklösterle, which would have a lasting impact on the region's economy. In 1826, Enzklösterle, which had been an estate of Wildberg, was made an independent municipality and was assigned to Oberamt Neuenbürg [de]. The village of Enztal was incorporated into Enzklösterle in 1935, forming the present boundaries of the municipality. Oberamt Neuenbürg was dissolved in 1938 and Enzklösterle was subsequently assigned to the district of Calw.

## Geography

The municipality (Gemeinde) of Enzklösterle is situated on the western edge of the district of Calw, along the border with the districts of Freudenstadt and Rastatt to the west. Enzklösterle is physically located in the valley of the Großen Enz, in the Northern Black Forest and Grinde regions. Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of 924 meters (3,031 ft) Normalnull (NN) at the top of the Hirschkopf to a low of 563 meters (1,847 ft) NN.

## Politics

Enzklösterle has one borough (Ortsteil), Enzklösterle, eight villages – Gompelscheuer, Hetschelhof, Lappach, Mittelenztal, Petersmühle, Poppeltal, Rohnbuch, and Süßbächle – and the industrial district of Enztal. The abandoned villages of Birkenäckerle, Boppelseehaus, Kaltbronn, and Zwickgabel are also located in the municipal area. Enzklösterle is in an mutually-beneficial municipal association [de] with the township of Bad Wildbad and the municipality of Höfen an der Enz.

### Coat of arms

Enzklösterle's coat of arms shows a yellow raft upon a blue, wavy bend dexter over a field of yellow. The raft is a reference to Enzklösterle's history of forestry, and the wavy bend the river Enz. This coat of arms was issued on 25 May 1950 by the provisional post-WWII Württemberg-Hohenzollern government.

## Transportation

Enzklösterle is connected to Germany's network of roadways by Bundesstraße 294 [de]. Local public transportation is provided by the Verkehrsgesellschaft Bäderkreis Calw [de].
# Enoch DeMar

Enoch DeMar (born September 7, 1980) is a former professional American football offensive lineman who played two seasons for the Cleveland Browns. He played college football at Indiana.

## Early life

DeMar attended Arsenal Technical High School in Indianapolis, Indiana, where he played football for the first time as a sophomore after having only played basketball. Playing the left tackle position, he was selected to the Indiana All-Star Classic as a senior. Recruiting analyst Tom Lemming called him "one of the Midwest's most underrated ballplayers and the state's top offensive line prospect."

## College career

DeMar played college football at Indiana, where he redshirted his first season in 1998. He earned the starting left guard position the following year after a back injury to senior Matt Snyder, and went on to start every game that season. DeMar was converted to a right tackle in 2000, and was the only returning starter on the offensive line. In 2001, he was moved to right guard. Finally, as a senior, DeMar played left tackle.

## Professional career
### Cleveland Browns

After going undrafted in the 2003 NFL draft, DeMar signed a free agent contract with the Cleveland Browns. He was one of only four undrafted free agents to make the final 53-man roster. He played in five games, starting two, for the Browns during the 2003 season. DeMar appeared in 15 games, starting 11, the following year in 2004. He was waived by the Browns on September 3, 2005.

### New York Giants

DeMar signed a reserve/future contract with the New York Giants on January 4, 2006. He was waived on March 22, 2006.
# Borucak, Kıbrıscık

Borucak is a village in the Kıbrıscık District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 45 (2021).
# Boruca District

Boruca is a district of the Buenos Aires canton, in the Puntarenas province of Costa Rica.

## Geography

Boruca has an area of 125.02 km² and an elevation of 550 metres.

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, Boruca had a population of 3,074 inhabitants.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The district is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 2
* National Route 625
# Ensemble Gombert

Ensemble Gombert is a chamber choir based in Melbourne, Australia noted for its pure intonation and historic approach to choral sound and style. The ensemble was founded and is conducted by musicologist and organist John O'Donnell in 1990. The group is named after Nicolas Gombert (c. 1495 – 1560), whose music has largely been ignored in the centuries since his death, despite it having an exemplary reputation amongst his contemporaries.
Although Ensemble Gombert performs a wide range of choral music, ranging from plainchant to contemporary works, it specialises in a cappella performance of Franco-Flemish music of the High Renaissance, that is, polyphonic music of the 16th century. The Ensemble has achieved an important place in the early music scene by re-introducing many forgotten Renaissance masterworks to the concert repertoire, using newly prepared editions by O’Donnell. These works are frequently juxtaposed in innovative programs with more widely known repertoire from later periods.
Performances in recent years have included a program of little-known works by Franco-Flemish composers Johannes Ghiselin, Jacquet of Berchem, Gaspar van Weebeke, Andreas de Silva, Nicolas Payen and Josquin des Prez, a quincentennial celebration of Thomas Tallis, the first Australian performance of Arvo Pärt's 'Canon of Repentance' (composed in 1998), works by Jean Richafort and his parodists, a program of works originally written for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, German Baroque masterpieces by Johann Hermann Schein, Michael Praetorius, Heinrich Schütz and Johann Sebastian Bach, Alessandro Scarlatti's 'Stabat mater', and an annual concert entitled 'Christmas to Candlemas' that presents works written for the numerous Christian feast-days in the forty-day Church season that begins on Christmas Day.
The ensemble has broadcast extensively on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's ABC Classic FM radio network, as well as the Melbourne-based community arts station 3MBS. It has appeared at many festivals across Australia, including the annual Organs of the Goldfields Festival in Ballarat, and the Woodend Winter Arts Festival, has toured to the United States and Canada, and three times to Europe, and has released two CD recordings: Josquin to Martin on the Move label (2004) and Christmas to Candlemas for Tall Poppies Records (2006). The groups are mentioned regularly in the yearly critical round-up of the best classical music in Melbourne.
# Bosse Broberg

Bo Lennart "Bosse" Broberg (6 September 1937 – 26 August 2023) was a Swedish jazz trumpeter and composer.
Broberg was born Ludvika. He learned to play accordion as a child and switched to trumpet aged 14. He studied music at the University of Uppsala and performed there in his own small ensemble in a hard bop idiom. He worked for many years with Gugge Hedrenius beginning in the early 1960s, and was with Arne Domnerus from 1964 to 1968; he also worked with Börje Fredriksson and Jan Johansson. He took leadership of Sveriges Radio's jazz programming in 1966, keeping the position to 1990; he founded the radiojazzgruppen in 1967 and composed and arranged for the orchestra. He played with Red Mitchell from 1971 to 1982 and with the Sandviken Big Band from 1975 to 1985. In the 1980s, he worked with Christer Boustedt and Åke Johansson. He formed a big band in 1995 called Nogenja Jazz Soloist Ensemble. The group's name is a condensation of No Generation Jazz. He won a Django d'Or in 2005.