OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karel Franta

Karel Franta (1 May 1928 – 19 July 2017) was a Czech painter and illustrator.

## Life

Franta was born in Libčice nad Vltavou, and studied as a graphic designer in Prague. He collaborated with important designers for children, including Jiří Trnka and Helena Zmatlíková. Later he graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts at Miloslav Holý and Vladimír Sychra. After graduating, he was an illustrator for children's magazines, and also illustrated several children's books, including "The Lion Leopold" by Reiner Kunze. His interests included music: several of his illustrations deal with musical themes. He was awarded the United Nations UNICEF Grand Prix, and was enrolled in the International Children's Book Association. He organized numerous individual and collective exhibitions.

## Death

Franta died of a heart attack following a long illness, surrounded by family.
# Karel Fiala

Karel Fiala (3 August 1925 – 3 October 2020) was a Czech operatic tenor and film actor. He was known for his work in operettas and musicals, but received worldwide attention for his portrayal of Mozart's Don Giovanni in the film Amadeus.

## Biography

Fiala was born on 3 August 1925 in Hrušov (Ostrava), Czechoslovakia, and initially worked as a chimney sweeper before entering the Prague Conservatory in 1947. After earning his degree in 1952 he pursued further studies at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague for three years, graduating in 1955.
While still a student, Fiala began performing in operas at the National Theatre in Prague in 1949. He was committed to that theatre through 1954 after which he joined the roster of principal artists at the Hudební divadlo Karlín where he performed roles for several decades. He was particularly successful in portraying parts in operettas and musicals, including such roles as Count Danilo in Lehar's The Merry Widow, Freddy in My Fair Lady, and Jim Kenyon in Rose-Marie.
Fiala is chiefly remembered for his numerous appearances in films of Czech operas, operettas, and musicals. His first film was in 1956 where he portrayed the title role in Dalibor, a movie version of Smetana's opera of the same name. A major success for him was the title part in the 1964 musical film Lemonade Joe. He notably appeared as Mozart's Don Giovanni in the 1984 Academy Award winning film Amadeus. Fiala also appeared as a non-singing actor in a handful of Czech films during his career, mostly in smaller roles. His last film was Tichý společník in 1989.
In 1988 Fiala was awarded the Medal of Merit by the government of Czechoslovakia. In 2013, he was awarded the Czech Thalia Prize for achievements in acting. He was married three times and had four sons.
On 3 October 2020, Fiala died after a long illness in Vršovice, Prague, aged 95.

## Politics

Fiala was an active supporter of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia until 1968 when he resigned his membership in protest at the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia.
# Kaoliang liquor

Kaoliang liquor, Gaoliang liquor or Sorghum liquor is a strong distilled liquor of Chinese origin made from fermented sorghum. It is a type of light-aroma Baijiu. The liquor originates from Dazhigu (大直沽, located east of Tianjin), first appearing in the Ming Dynasty and is widely consumed across northern China in provinces such as Hebei, Shaanxi, and Shandong. It is primarily made and sold in China and Taiwan, but is also popular in Korea, where it is called goryangju (hangul: 고량주; hanja: 高粱酒) or bbaegal (which originates from the Chinese character 白乾). Kaoliang ranges usually between 38 and 63 percent alcohol by volume. At present, world's highest alcohol content of kaoliang liquor is up to 92% produced by Chyi Leh Wei Distillery (Chinese: 琪樂薇酒廠) in Taiwan.

## Famous brands from Taiwan

Kinmen Kaoliang Liquor is one of the most popular brands of kaoliang in Taiwan. As its name indicates, it is produced on the island of Kinmen. The mainstays of the range are the standard 58 percent and 38 percent alcohol bottlings. Kinmen's kaoliang production traces its roots back to the Chinese Civil War when Chinese nationalist general Hu Lien encouraged Kinmenese farmers to grow sorghum to produce hard liquor as importing alcohol from Taiwan caused financial strain. Kaoliang liquor has become an integral part of Kinmen's economy and plays a significant role in the culture of Kinmen.
Yusan Kaoliang Chiew (Chinese: 玉山高粱酒; pinyin: Yùshān Gāoliáng Jiǔ) is produced by the Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation. It is named after the highest mountain in Taiwan, Yushan. One of the most notable products in the range is an "X.O." kaoliang aged for five years in tanks before bottling.
Matsu Tunnel 88 Kaoliang Liquor (Chinese: 馬祖八八坑道高粱酒; pinyin: Mǎzǔ Bā Bā Kēngdào Gāoliáng Jiǔ) is produced by the Matsu Distillery in Nangan Township, Lienchiang County. The name is derived from the name of an abandoned military tunnel called Tunnel 88 which the distillery took over as storage space for their kaoliang and aged rice wine. All of the distillery's aged kaoliangs are stored in the tunnel for at least five years.

## In popular culture

* In the 1959 Masaki Kobayashi film The Human Condition I: No Greater Love, Chinese prisoners are said to be served a diet consisting of sorghum wine and soy pulp.
* The 1987 Zhang Yimou film Red Sorghum is set in a rural kaoliang distillery in the Shandong province of China.
* The fictional character Li Kao, from Barry Hughart's award-winning novels Bridge of Birds, The Story of the Stone, and Eight Skilled Gentlemen, is named after kaoliang; his mother died in childbirth while requesting a last drink, and the abbot attending the birth mistook the syllables "Kao...li...kao..." as her intended name for the child. In Bridge of Birds, while telling the story of his birth, Li Kao describes kaoliang as "the finest paint thinner and worst wine ever invented".
* Kaoliang is an important catalyst of the action in the story "New Year's Eve" in Taiwanese writer Pai Hsien-yung's short story collection Taipei People.
# Karl Amson Joel

Karl Amson Joel (20 November 1889 – 4 November 1982) was a German textile merchant and manufacturer with Joel Macht Fabrik. He was the grandfather of American musician Billy Joel and British conductor Alexander Joel, who are half-brothers.

## Early life

Karl Amson Joel was born in 1889 in Colmberg, into a Jewish family involved in the textile business.

## Career

Joel founded a Nuremberg-based mail order textile and clothing company in 1928. The following year he also started manufacturing. Joel's company soon became one of the leading mail order sellers in Germany (along with Quelle, or Schöpflin).
After the rise to power of Nazism (1933), Joel was increasingly discriminated against by the regional Nazi Party leaders, especially Julius Streicher. Joel moved his company to Berlin in 1934, where he rented a factory site in Wedding and installed new packing machines. The stitching department, however, had to remain in Nuremberg. As discrimination further increased (e.g., deliveries had to be marked with a "J" for Jude, or Jew), and Jewish firms became Aryanized, Joel was forced to sell his company in 1938 to Josef Neckermann. The original agreement of 2.3 million marks was further reduced by Neckermann to 1.1 million marks. The money was transferred to a trust account at the banking house Hardy & Co. in Berlin.
Meanwhile, Joel and his wife Meta had emigrated to Switzerland in July 1938. Their son Helmut (later called Howard) attended boarding school there. As a so-called "Devisenausländer" (currency foreigner), Joel could not get access to the trust account in Berlin. In August 1938 his German citizenship was withdrawn, and his firm was confiscated the following month. Via France and England, the Joels left Europe. They emigrated to Cuba. Finally, they reached the United States, where Joel started a new enterprise in 1942 in New York City. They had not been able to emigrate directly to the US because of its quotas. Their son Helmut Joel completed college there and became an engineer. He married and had two children; his son Billy Joel became a popular singer and songwriter, a highly successful musician. In 1957, Helmut and his wife divorced and he returned to Europe, finally settling in England, where he married again and had a second son, Alexander Joel, who became a conductor.
In 1957 Karl Joel got a compensation of 2 million German marks for his former company from Neckermann, who ran the most successful German mail order selling company at the time. In 1964 Joel returned to Nuremberg, where he lived until his death on 4 November 1982.
# Karen Jennings

Karen Jennings (born 1969 or 1970) is an American former basketball player who played with the Nebraska Cornhuskers women's basketball between 1990 and 1993 and set the record for the most career points for Nebraska with 2,405 points. She was the recipient of the 1993 Wade Trophy and was inducted into the University of Nebraska Athletics Hall of Fame in 2013. Outside of college basketball, Jennings worked in sports medicine for the Methodist Hospital between 1998 and 2002. Since 2002 she has been a real estate agent in Omaha, Nebraska.

## Early life and education

In 1970, Jennings was born in Persia, Iowa. During her childhood, she was diagnosed with scoliosis and started playing basketball. For her post-secondary education, Jennings graduated from the University of Nebraska in 1993 with a Bachelor of Science specializing in exercise physiology. She later attended the University of Nebraska Medical Center for a Master of Science in physical therapy and obtained her master's in 1998.

## Career

While at Nebraska, Jennings played on the Nebraska Cornhuskers women's basketball team from 1990 to 1993. As a forward with the Cornhuskers, Jennings scored 2,405 points and set the record for most career points at Nebraska. Jenning's jersey was retired after she completed her studies at Nebraska in 1993. After leaving Nebraska, Jennings played basketball in France from 1993 to 1994 before ending her basketball career to work in physical therapy. After basketball, Jennings worked at the Methodist Hospital between 1998 and 2002 in the sports medicine department. In 2002, Jennings went on to become a real estate agent in Omaha, Nebraska.

## Awards and honors

Jennings was the 1993 Wade Trophy recipient and inducted into the University of Nebraska Athletics Hall of Fame in 2013.

## Career statistics
### College

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | TO | PPG |
| 1989–90 | Nebraska | 28 | - | - | 52.7 | 0.0 | 59.4 | 6.6 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 | - | 13.4 |
| 1990–91 | Nebraska | 28 | - | - | 57.1 | 0.0 | 74.5 | 8.9 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.4 | - | 20.5 |
| 1991–92 | Nebraska | 32 | - | - | 60.3 | 35.0 | 78.2 | 10.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | - | 25.3 |
| 1992–93 | Nebraska | 31 | - | - | 55.0 | 31.3 | 80.8 | 8.0 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.7 | - | 20.9 |
| Career | Career | 119 | - | - | 56.8 | 32.1 | 74.7 | 8.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.5 | - | 20.2 |
| Statistics retrieved from Sports-Reference. ||||||||||||||

## Personal life

Jennings is married and has one child.
# Karla Tritten

Karla Tritten (born April 17, 1978) is a Canadian Paralympic wheelchair basketball player and physical education teacher at the Balwin Junior High School, a department of Victoria School of the Arts. As of 2018, she resides in Sturgeon County.

## Career

Tritten is four-time bronze medalist for 2007 Nations Tournament. In 2006, she was awarded with her first gold medal for her participation at Quebec AAA Championships, and the same year got her first silver medal for Junior National Championships. In 2007 she was honoured with a gold medal for her participation at the 2007 Canada Games and the same year got 2 silver medals for a National championship and the 2007 Parapan American Games. In 2008, Tritten was awarded 2 gold medals; one for her participation at the invitational game in Beijing, China the other one was given after she completed the North American Cup. In 2010 she won bronze medal for CWBL Women's Finals and the same year got a silver one for the championship.
# Karlsberg

Karlsberg may refer to:
* Karlsberg Brewery (since 1878, alias Karlsbräu), in Homburg, Saarland, Germany
* Karlsberg Castle (1778–1793), a ruin in Homburg, Saarland, Germany
* Karlsberg Hill, near the German city of Homburg, Saarland
# Kasumbalesa, Zambia

Kasumbalesa is a town in Zambia that sits across the international border from the much larger town of Kasumbalesa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a major crossing point for human traffic and cargo between the two countries.

## Location

Kasumbalesa is located in Chililabombwe District, Copperbelt Province, approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of the town of Chililabombwe, where the district headquarters are located, and just north-east of Konkola. Kasumbalesa is about 153.5 kilometres (95 mi), by road, northwest of Ndola, the largest city and capital of the Copperbelt Province. The geographical coordinates of Kasumbalesa, Zambia are 12°16'05.0"S, 27°47'40.0"E (Latitude:-12.268056; Longitude:27.794444). The average elevation of Kasumbalesa is 4,568 feet (1,392 m), above sea level.

## Overview

Kasumbalesa is a busy road-crossing point between Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, clearing in excess of 500 long-haul trucks daily in each direction. The infrastructure on the Zambian side of the border has been lacking, as of May 2019. Of particular concern, is the lack of public toilet facilities, posing a health risk.
Plans are underway to improve infrastructure including the construction of a larger parking yard for long-distance trucks, the construction of hotels and restaurants and the provision of public toilets, through public-private-partnership arrangements.
Atlas Mara Bank Zambia Limited maintains a branch in the town.
# Kathai

Kathai is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It lies in an area affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake.
# Kathabeejam

Kathabeejam (The Germ of a Story) is a one-act play written by Malayalam language author Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. The play was written by Basheer in a period of few weeks and was conceived for the 16th anniversary of Samastha Kerala Sahitya Parishath. It was published as a book in May 1945 and was Basheer's only play. The protagonist of the play is a writer named Sadasivan.
# Karl-Georg Niebergall

Karl-Georg Niebergall (born 1961) is a German logician and philosopher and professor for logic and philosophy of language at Humboldt University of Berlin.

## Biography

From 1982 Niebergall studied mathematics in Darmstadt. After that he studied logic and philosophy of science under Godehard Link and Matthias Varga von Kibéd at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU). Niebergall received his PhD in philosophy from LMU in 1995. His PhD dissertation on ‘The metamathematics of non-axiomatized theories’ was awarded with the Stegmüller award of the German Society for Analytic Philosophy. In 1997 Niebergall was a visiting scholar at Stanford University. From 1998 he was associate professor at the department of philosophy at LMU. In 2002 Niebergall received his Habilitation with a dissertation on ‘The foundations of mathematics. Reducibility and ontology’. Since 2008, Niebergall has been professor for logic and philosophy of language at Humboldt University of Berlin.

## Research

Niebergall’s research has centered on the metamathematics of formal theories related to mereology and infinity. He has also critically engaged with the works of Nelson Goodman, David Hilbert and William W. Tait.

## Awards

* A Stegmüller award of the German Society for Analytic Philosophy (1997) for his doctoral dissertation
# Karkigaun

Karkigaun is a former village development committee in Jajarkot District in the Karnali Province of Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3955 living in 705 individual households.
# Cipetir, Sukabumi

Cipetir (pre-EYD spelling and Dutch: Tjipetir) is a village in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. As of 2010, it has 5,716 inhabitants.
The name comes from Sundanese, and literally means "Thunder River", from ci ("river") and petir ("thunder").

## Plantation

Cipetir was the site of a gutta-percha plantation in the 19th and early 20th century.
Marine debris consisting of blocks of gutta-percha, which is highly resistant to water corrosion, with the word "TJIPETIR" on them has been found on beaches throughout Europe. They are believed to be coming from one or more sunken ships from the early 1900s. The wreck of the Miyazaki Maru, sank in 1917, has been put forward as potential source of the blocks.
# Duke Mathematical Journal

Duke Mathematical Journal is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Duke University Press. It was established in 1935. The founding editors-in-chief were David Widder, Arthur Coble, and Joseph Miller Thomas. The first issue included a paper by Solomon Lefschetz. Leonard Carlitz served on the editorial board for 35 years, from 1938 to 1973.
The current managing editor is Richard Hain (Duke University).

## Impact

According to the journal homepage, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 2.194, ranking it in the top ten mathematics journals in the world.
# Bob Rau

Bantwal Ramakrishna "Bob" Rau (1951 – December 10, 2002) was a computer engineer and HP Fellow. Rau was a founder and chief architect of Cydrome, where he helped develop the Very long instruction word technology that is now common in modern computer processors. Rau was the recipient of the 2002 Eckert–Mauchly Award.
IEEE Computer Society has established a "B. Ramakrishna Rau Award" in his memory. Past recipients include major contributors in the microarchitecture field.
# James Aspnes

James Aspnes is a professor in Computer Science at Yale University. He earned his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1992. His main research interest is distributed algorithms.
In 1989, he wrote and operated TinyMUD, one of the first "social" MUDs that allowed players to build a shared virtual world.
He is the son of David E. Aspnes, Distinguished University Professor at North Carolina State University.

## Awards

* Dijkstra Prize, 2020.
* Dylan Hixon '88 Prize for Teaching Excellence in the Natural Sciences, Yale College, 2000.
* IBM Graduate Fellowship, 1991–1992.
* NSF Graduate Fellowship, 1987–1990.
* Phi Beta Kappa, 1987.
# Cooma-Monaro Shire

Cooma-Monaro Shire was a local government area located in the Monaro region of southern New South Wales, Australia. The area was named after the former Cooma Municipality and the former Monaro Shire, that were amalgamated to create it. The Municipality of Cooma was established in 1879, and the Monaro Shire was one of several shires established in 1906. The Monaro Shire and Cooma Municipal Council amalgamated in 1981. On 11 February 2004, Cooma-Monaro Shire absorbed a small part of the former Yarrowlumla Shire, near Michelago.
A 2015 review of local government boundaries recommended that the Cooma-Monaro Shire merge with the Bombala and Snowy River shires to form a new council with an area of 15,162 square kilometres (5,854 sq mi) and support a population of approximately 21,000. On 12 May 2016, the Cooma-Monaro Shire merged with Bombala and Snowy River shires to form the Snowy Monaro Regional Council.
The last mayor of the Cooma-Monaro Shire Council was Dean Lynch, an independent politician. Lynch was appointed as the Administrator of the merged Snowy Monaro Regional Council.

## Towns and localities

The Shire developed from the village of Cooma, which was first surveyed in March 1849. It also included the small towns of Nimmitabel, Numeralla, Bredbo and Michelago. Other populated areas included the villages and surrounding districts of Adaminaby, Anglers Reach, Shannons Flat, Yaouk, Old Adaminaby, Peak View, Countegany, Jerangle and Rock Flat.

## Council
### Composition and election method

At the time of dissolution Cooma-Monaro Shire Council was composed of nine councillors elected proportionally as one entire ward. All councillors were elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor was elected by the councillors at the first meeting of the council. The last election was held on 8 September 2012, and the makeup of the council was as follows:
| Party | Party | Councillors |
| | Independents and Unaligned | 9 |
| | Total | 9 |
The last Council, elected in 2012 and dissolved in 2016, in order of election, was:
| Councillor | Party | Notes |
| Dean Lynch | Independent | Mayor |
| Bronnie Taylor | Independent | Deputy Mayor |
| Rogan Corbett | Unaligned | |
| Winston Phillips | Independent | |
| Angela Ingram | Independent | |
| Martin Hughes | Independent | |
| Ignazio Mondello | Independent | |
| Craig Mitchell | Independent | |
| Tony Kaltoum | Unaligned | |
# Caloreas venusta

Caloreas venusta is a moth in the family Choreutidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1914. It is found in Central America.
# Benjamin Gifford (MP)

Benjamin Gifford (c. 1688–1713), of Beaminster, Dorset, and Boreham, near Warminster, Wiltshire, was an English Member of Parliament (MP).
He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Dorchester from 1710 to June 1713.
# Benjamin Gilad

Benjamin Gilad is an author, consultant, and teacher in the field of competitive intelligence. He is a co-founder of the Fuld-Gilad-Herring Academy of Competitive Intelligence. He was educated in psychology and philosophy at Tel Aviv University. After moving to the United States he studied business at Central Missouri State University, and later obtained a PhD from New York University. He is the author of The Business Intelligence System, Business Blind Sports, Early Warning, Business War games, and articles related to the field of competitive intelligence.