OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Scott (Missouri judge)

William Scott (June 7, 1804 – 1862) was an American lawyer and judge who served on the Supreme Court of Missouri from 1841 to 1849 and from 1851 to 1862. He also served on the Jefferson City Circuit Court. Justice Scott was the author of the majority opinion in Scott v. Emerson, 15 Missouri 572 (1852), which was part of the Dred Scott v. Sandford case. Scott's opinion, which overturned well-established precedent in Missouri, set the stage for Dred Scott's case in the Supreme Court. He wrote:
   Times are not now as they were when the former decisions on this subject were made. Since then not only individuals but States have been possessed with a dark and fell spirit in relation to slavery, whose gratification is sought in the pursuit of measures, whose inevitable consequences must be the overthrow and destruction of our government. Under such circumstances it does not behoove the State of Missouri to show the least countenance to any measure which might gratify this spirit. She is willing to assume her full responsibility for the existence of slavery within her limits, nor does she seek to share or divide it with others.
Born in Fauquier County, Virginia, Scott moved to Missouri in 1827 and became a Circuit Attorney, living in Union. He took Mathias McGirk's spot on the state supreme court in 1841 when McGirk resigned. He was confirmed to the position in 1843. In 1849 all positions on the court were vacated by a constitutional amendment. In 1851 Scott was returned to the court after another constitutional amendment made the justices' positions elective, succeeding James Harvey Birch, who declined to run; he was re-elected in 1857. In late 1861 he was one of the justices who refused to take an oath of loyalty to the national government, and lost his position. After his death in 1862 he was buried on his farm near Jefferson City.
# Aurobindo Sarani

Aurobindo Sarani (formerly Grey Street) is one of the oldest and most congested main roads in north part of Kolkata. Many buses, taxis and auto-rickshaws use the road. It connects Ultadanga with Shobhabazar. West of Gouribari, Ultadanga Main Road (Bidhannagar Road) becomes Aurobindo Sarani. It becomes Shobhabazar Street after crossing Jatindra Mohan Avenue (Shobhabazar Petrol Station). This road's name is a tribute for Aurobindo Ghosh, a famous freedom-fighter and Hindu saint of India.
Aurobindo Sarani consists of several important places, such as APC Road crossing, Bidhan Sarani crossing and Jatindra Mohan Avenue crossing. This is a very busy road, consisting of one of Kolkata's biggest markets, the Hatibagan Market, at Bidhan Sarani Crossing.
The road is connected to Ultadanga Main Road (Bidhannagar Road) with Arobindo Setu (Gouribari Bridge), over one of Kolkata's canals. The bridge was opened in 1974 and connects Khanna/Gouribari (Maniktala) with Ultadanga. The bridge is poorly maintained.
# William Steele

William or Bill Steele may refer to:
* Bill Steele (baseball) (1885–1949), pitcher in Major League Baseball
* Bill Steele (cave explorer) (born 1948 as Charles William Steele), American speleologist
* Bill Steele (ice hockey) (born 1952), ice hockey player in the World Hockey Association
* Bill Steele (sailor) (born 1940), Hong Kong Olympic sailor
* Billy Steele (born 1956), Scottish former footballer
* William Steele (actor) (1888–1966), American actor
* William Steele (Confederate general) (1819–1885), American Army officer and Confederate general
* William Steele (Lord Chancellor of Ireland) (1610–1680), Lord Chancellor of Ireland
* William Steele (Pittsburgh), Chief Burgess of the Borough of Pittsburgh, 1812–1813, see list of mayors of Pittsburgh
* William Steele (rugby union) (born 1947), former Scotland international rugby union player
* Willie Steele (William Samuel Steele, 1923–1989), American athlete
* William A. Steele, a character in the serial Ace of Spades
* William Steele (Australian Army officer) (1895–1966), Australian Army general
* William Steele (cricketer) (born 1946), South African cricketer
* William B. Steele (born 1929), United States Army general
* William G. Steele (1820–1892), American Democratic Party politician
* William H. Steele (New York politician) (1838 –1911), American lawyer and politician
* William H. Steele (judge) (born 1951), American jurist
* William H. Steele (Wisconsin politician) (1872–1955), American politician
* William H. Steele (United States Army officer) (born c. 1955), military officer and former commander of Camp Cropper, a holding facility for security detainees in Iraq
* William L. Steele (1875–1949), American architect, mainly in Iowa, Illinois, but briefly in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
* William Steele (1839–1908), architect of William Steele & Sons Company, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* William M. Steele, General Officer in the U.S. Army
* William O. Steele (1917–1979), American author
* William Randolph Steele (1842–1901), Delegate from the Territory of Wyoming
# David Williams (Australian rules footballer)

David Williams (born 26 October 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
A forward from Rochester, Williams kicked nine goals against North Melbourne late in the 1986 VFL season at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. He however had his most successful season in 1987 when he kicked 39 goals and he bagged 33 more the following year. The second of those tallies included two of Melbourne's six goals in the 1988 VFL Grand Final, which he played as a half forward flanker. It was his last game for the club and he was traded to Richmond, but a knee injury ended his career.
# Davis Highlands tundra

The Davis Highlands tundra ecoregion (WWF ID: NA1109) covers the Baffin Mountains on the northeast coast of Baffin Island and Bylot Island, facing Baffin Bay in Nunavut, northern Canada. The terrain is extremely rugged, heavily glaciated, with many deep fjords, and very cold. About half of the territory is moss and lichen tundra, the other half bare rock and ice. The region is wetter than the much drier regions to the southwest of the Baffin Islands.

## Location and description

The Baffin Islands are the southeastern half of the Arctic Cordillera, a chain of island mountains that run along the northeast of the Canada's Arctic Archipelago. They are separated from Greenland by Baffin Bay. The Baffin Island section is 900 km long; the Bylot Island mountains to the north of Baffin Island add another 100 km. The ecoregion averages only 100 km wide. The mean elevation is 727 metres (2,385 ft) and the maximum is 2,147 metres (7,044 ft) at Mount Odin.
Much of the ground bare is bedrock and glaciers; open soil is continuous permafrost. Along the seacoast, deep fjords reach into the glaciated mountains. The ecoregion to the south along the length is the High Arctic tundra, which is much drier (averaging only 100 mm/year of precipitation compared to the 400–600 mm/year in the Davis Highlands).

## Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is Ice cap climate (Köppen climate classification EF), a local climate in which no month has an average temperature above (0 °C (32 °F)). These regions are generally above 65% in latitude (north or south), are characterized by expanses of ice and bare ground, and little animal life. The mean annual temperature is −11.5 °C (11.3 °F). Mean annual precipitation is 400–600 mm/year.

## Flora and fauna

Half of the ecoregion is bare ice or permanent water, and not supportive of life. The other half is sparsely covered with moss and lichen. A few cold-tolerant vascular plants are found, such as sedge (Carex) and cotton grass (Eriophorum).
Bird life is an important ecological feature of the ecoregion. One of the world's larges nesting colonies of snow goose (chen caerulescens) is found on Bylot Island. Large colonies of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and the vulnerable black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) inhabit the area. Other bird of the ecoregion include king eider (Somateria spectabilis), rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus), northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), plover (Charadrius and Pluvialis), hoary redpoll (Carduelis hornemanni) and snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis).
Land mammals in the ecoregion include arctic hare (Lepus arcticus), arctic fox (Alopex lagopus), caribou (Rangifer tarandus), and Polar bears (Ursus maritimus).

## Protected areas

Over 31% of the ecoregion is officially protected. These protected areas include:
* Auyuittuq National Park
* Bylot Island Migratory Bird Sanctuary
* Ninginganiq National Wildlife Area
* Qaqulluit National Wildlife Area
* Sirmilik National Park
# Australian Left Review

Australian Left Review was a monthly journal of the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) from 1966 to 1993. It was one of a number of left political journals founded in Australia in the post-war years, including Overland and Arena (first series).

## History and profile

Australian Left Review was the successor to the earlier CPA journal Communist Review, which published between 1934 and 1966. The headquarters of the journal was in Sydney. The journal was also published on a bi-monthly basis. In 1992, the publication briefly changed its name to ALR Magazine before ceasing publication altogether.
# William Stewart, Lord Allanbridge

William Ian Stewart, Lord Allanbridge (8 November 1925 – 21 June 2012) was a Scottish lawyer, judge and politician, who served as Solicitor General for Scotland, the country's junior Law Officer from 1972 to 1974, and as a Senator of the College of Justice, a judge of the Supreme Courts of Scotland, from 1977 to 1995.

## Early life

Stewart was born in 1925, the son of architect John Stewart and his wife, Maysie Shepherd Service. He was educated at Loretto School and studied at the Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, and served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve at the end of the Second World War from 1944 to 1946. He was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1951 and appointed Queen's Counsel (QC) in 1965.

## Career

Stewart followed a traditional career at the Bar, serving as an Advocate Depute from 1959 to 1964 and Home Advocate Depute from 1970 to 1972. He also served two non-consecutive years on the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board, from 1969 to 1970 and 1976 to 1977.

### Solicitor General

In 1972, he became Solicitor General for Scotland in the Conservative government of Ted Heath. The Solicitor General was the junior of the two Law Officers then existing in respect of Scotland, the senior being the Lord Advocate, an office held at the time by Norman Wylie, MP for Edinburgh Pentlands. Stewart lost his position at the 1974 election, which was won by the Labour Party. From April to December that year, he served as temporary Sheriff Principal of Dumfries and Galloway, the post vacated by his successor as Solicitor General, John McCluskey (later Lord McCluskey).

### The Bench

Stewart was appointed to the Benches of the Court of Session and High Court of Justiciary, Scotland's Supreme Courts in 1977 as a Senator of the College of Justice with judicial title Lord Allanbridge. He remained on the Bench until retirement in 1995.

## Personal life

Stewart married Naomi Joan Douglas in 1955 and had a son and a daughter. He was widowed in 2005. He lived in Edinburgh and was a member of the New Club.
He is buried with his wife in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh. The simple grave lies in the group of modern stones where the original cemetery links to its north Victorian extension.
# Williams v Hensman

Williams v Hensman (1861) is an English trusts law case.
Its principles of co-owned interests are today more relevant to land, whether from a trust now held as joint tenants (the default form) or as tenants in common (which follows on from express words such as "in equal shares" or from severance); in law all co-owned land in England and Wales must be held in either form.
It sets out the three means of severance.

## Facts

Money was bequeathed to be invested in stock, and to pay an annuity to A, with the ‘principal to go to her children at death.’ All eight children consented to money being invested in a mortgage fund. Three were minors. They could not end the trust until they all grew up under the rule in Saunders v Vautier. The trustee, with full agreement, advanced a sum to one of the children, and the other children covenanted: not to call upon the trustee to make up any deficiency (to them) in case the shares held for them ("the share") should fall short of the advance (made to the other child), and also to indemnify the trustee against all claim(s), damage and expenses by reason of the advance.
The question was whether the beneficiaries of the trust was still co-owned jointly tenancy.

## Judgment

The Chancery Court held it was a joint tenancy. And the act of the five severed their interest from the other three. Page-Wood VC decided:.
   A joint-tenancy may be severed in three ways: in the first place, an act of any one of the persons interested operating upon his own share may create a severance as to that share. The right of each joint-tenant is a right by survivorship only in the event of no severance having taken place of the share which is claimed under the jus accrescendi [law of accruing to the survivor, right of survivorship]. Each one is at liberty to dispose of his own interest in such manner as to sever it from the joint fund—losing, of course, at the same time, his own right of survivorship. Secondly, a joint-tenancy may be severed by mutual agreement. And, in the third place, there may be a severance by any course of dealing sufficient to intimate that the interests of all were mutually treated as constituting a tenancy in common. When the severance depends on an inference of this kind without any express act of severance, it will not suffice to rely on an intention, with respect to the particular share, declared only behind the backs of the other persons interested. You must find in this class of cases a course of dealing by which the shares of all the parties to the contest have been effected, as happened in the cases of Wilson v Bell and Jackson v Jackson.

## Applied in

Barton v Morris [1985] 1 WLR 1257; [1985] 2 All ER 1032, EWHC Ch D

## Considered in

Harris v Goddard [1983] 1 WLR 1203; [1983] 3 All ER 242, EWCA
# Willibrord Society

The Willibrord Society is an umbrella term for a group of national societies with the aim of promoting awareness and cooperation between Anglicans and Old Catholics. There are currently active Willibrord societies in the British Isles, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, the Czech Republic and the United States. The aim is achieved through publications, meetings, special events and church services, and common projects in such fields as liturgy, youth work, charity giving, encouraging representation at synods and other events. The SSW in the British Isles currently supports the Anglican chaplaincy at Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands, in which Old Catholics are also involved.
The name recalls St. Willibrord, the Anglo-Saxon missionary who acted as "Apostle to the Frisians" and was consecrated the first Bishop of Utrecht in 695. Most national societies organize special events and services to coincide with St. Willibrord's Day, 7 November.

## History

The English society of St Willibrord was founded in 1908 with the aim of fostering closer relations between the Church of England and the Old Catholic churches. Its activities were at first aimed at promoting full communion between the two churches, which came about in the Bonn Agreement of 1931. In 2009, it was decided to also include the Celtic churches; the Scottish Episcopal Church, the Church of Ireland and the Church in Wales. It is now the Society of St Willibrord in Britain and Ireland.
It has as its patrons the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of Utrecht (of the Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands). The Bishop of Cashel and Ossory is its chairman.
# David Rath

David Rath (born 25 December 1965) is a Czech physician, former politician who served as Minister of Health from 2005 to 2006, and convicted criminal. He was a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) until 16 May 2012 when he resigned after being charged with bribery. He also served as Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 2006 to 2013, first as representative from Prague and then from Central Bohemian Region where he was Governor between 2008 and 2012.
On 23 July 2015, Rath was sentenced to 8.5 years in prison for corruption and manipulation with government procurements. Rath appealed the verdict. The appeal was rejected on 26 June 2019, but the sentence was reduced to seven years.

## Medical career

Rath completed his medical degree at Charles University in Prague in 1990. He practiced internal medicine at General Teaching Hospital in Prague (Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice), and then at the Faculty Hospital at Motol (Fakultní nemocnice v Motole). Then in Kralupy nad Vltavou he worked for the Samaritan Association. He returned to Prague and joined the internal medicine faculty at Charles University in 1995. From 1998 to 2005 Rath served as the president of the Czech Doctors' Chamber (Česká Lékařská Komora, or ČLK), an umbrella organisation for all Czech physicians.

## Political career

In 1994 Rath joined the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). In 1995 he formed the Medical Action Group (or Physician's Union Club) within the party, which brought in significant monetary support during the 1998 elections. As director of the Physician's Union Club Rath initiated the November 1996 doctor's strike. In 1996 he was vice-chairman of the Free Democrats – Liberal National Socialist Party coalition (SD-LSNS).
In November 2005, the Prime Minister at the time, Jiří Paroubek, appointed him health minister. He was directed to fix the finances of the troubled Czech health system, and he proceeded to institute a number of radical reforms.
In May 2006 Rath made international news when he traded blows with former Deputy Prime Minister Miroslav Macek at a dentists' conference after reportedly implying that Macek had married his wife for her money. Macek was later fined for having initiated the violence by slapping Rath on the back of the head prior to delivering a speech at the conference.
In September 2006, Rath was succeeded by Tomáš Julínek as Minister of Health for the Czech Republic. Rath was then elected chairman of the Health Committee of the Czech Chamber of Deputies (lower house).

## Corruption charge and conviction

In May 2012, he was arrested and charged with receiving bribes. At that time, he served both as a Member of Parliament of the Czech Republic and Governor of the Central Bohemian Region.
On 23 July 2015, he was sentenced to eight and a half years in prison. The verdict was appealed by Rath's defense counsel. The appeal was rejected in June 2019, but the sentence was reduced to seven years. Charges in a second bribery case are still pending.
# Australian Science, Technology and Engineering Council

The Australian Science, Technology and Engineering Council (ASTEC) was an Australian government agency. ASTEC was established in April 1977 as the Australian Science and Technology Council to advise the Australian government on matters relating to science and technology.
The council was composed of leading academics and industrialists, although scientists from other government agencies, notably the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), were excluded. In 1997, the Australian Science and Technology Council changed its name to the Australian Science, Technology and Engineering Council. The council was abolished in 1997, and its functions and scope were transferred to the Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council (PMSEIC).
During its existence ASTEC published the following reports and other documents:
* Future Arrangements for an Australian Science and Technology Council - 1976
* Science and Technology in Australia 1977–78: Volume 1A - 1978
The complete collection of ASTEC documents were published on CD-ROM in two volumes
# Wilmot House

Wilmot House, also known as David Wilmot House, is a historic home located at Bethany, Wayne County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1811, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, wood-frame dwelling in the style of a New England farmhouse. It is three bays wide and two bays deep and has a medium pitch gable roof. It has a 1+1⁄2-story addition with a saltbox roof. Congressman, Senator, and abolition advocate David Wilmot (1814-1868) was born in the house in 1814.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
# Chronicle of 741

The Chronicle of 741 (or Continuatio Byzantia-Arabica or Continuatio Isidoriana) is a Latin-language history in 43 sections or paragraphs, many of which are quite short, which was composed in about the years 741-743 in al-Andalus. It is the earliest known Christian work produced under Muslim rule in Iberia.

## Contents

The work is very much shorter than the Chronicle of 754. It contains little Spanish history; the first 14 sections contain very brief mentions of the Visigothic kings up to the reign of Suintila (621-631), taken from the Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum of Isidore of Seville. The remainder of the content consists of alternating sections dealing with the Byzantine Emperors and the parallel leaders of the Arabs beginning with Muhammad. These sections perhaps derive from the Chronicon Mundi of John of Nikiû and from Arabic or Syriac works which have not survived. Some of these sections contain very brief mentions in passing, of the Arab invasions of North Africa, Spain, France, and parts of the Middle East.
Little if any of the content is original; the value of the work lies in what it reveals of the author and his times.

## Author

The work is noted for being pro-Arab and in particular pro-Umayyad. Various theories about the author have been proposed to account for this:
* he was a Christian converted to Islam, or
* a Christian sympathizing with the Arabs, or
* a Christian convert to Islam writing a propaganda piece under the direction of an Arab
Likewise, various cities of origin have been proposed, such as Toledo, Cordoba, Seville or Mérida, but arguments for these are based on very general considerations.

## Date

The date of the work cannot be earlier than 741, as it mentions the Byzantine Emperor Leo III and the length of his reign which terminated in that year.
Martín has pointed out that the work contains the words "nostris temporibus" (our times) when saying that the caliphate was then held by a great-grandson of the caliph Marwan I. The first of Marwan's great-grandsons to hold that position was al-Walid II (r. 743–744), and this is likely to represent the date of writing.