OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Baude Cordier

Baude Cordier (fl. early 15th century) was a French composer in the ars subtilior style of late medieval music. Virtually nothing is known of Cordier's life, aside from an inscription on one of his works which indicates he was born in Rheims and had a Master of Arts. Some scholars identify him with Baude Fresnel, a harpist and organist in the court of Philip the Bold, though other scholars have rejected this.
He is best known for his unique and experimental notational methods, often with shapes relating to the subject matter. These include a heart-shaped staff in Belle, Bonne, Sage, a rondeau about love, and numerous circles in the Tout par compas suy composés rondeau. Such an approach is thought to have inspired later composers, ranging from Gilles Binchois to Karlheinz Stockhausen.

## Identity

It has been suggested that Cordier was the pen name of Baude Fresnel.

## Music

Cordier's works are considered among the prime examples of ars subtilior. In line with that cultural trend, he was fond of using red note notation, also known as coloration, a technique stemming from the general practice of mensural notation. The change in color adjusts the rhythm of a particular note from its usual form. (This musical style and type of notation has also been termed "mannerism" and "mannered notation.")
Ten of Cordier's secular pieces survive, most of which are rondeaux:
* some are in the rhythmically complex late fourteenth-century French style of ars subtilior, such as "Amans amés secretement" (Lovers, love discreetly).
* others are simpler, with greater emphasis on lyrical melody, such as "Belle, Bonne, Sage", also transcribed in HAM, and characterized with "Amans" as a rondeau.
Two of the composer's chansons are in the Chantilly Manuscript and are well-known examples of eye music:
* the love song "Belle, Bonne, Sage" ("Beautiful, Good, Wise"). The manuscript is in the shape of a heart.
* a circular canon "Tout par compas suy composés" ("With a compass was I composed")—more eye music, in which the manuscript is written in a circle.
Many commentators have speculated that Cordier's unique and experimental notation inspired certain notation by later composers, such that in as Refrain by Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Gilles Binchois's Je ne pouroye. Cordier's work was among the earliest Western compositions to include performance instructions to explain how to use the specialized notation.
His mass movement in the Apt MS is in the later, simpler fifteenth-century style.

## Works
### Editions

Cordier's works are included in the following collections:
* Reaney, Gilbert, ed. (1955). Early Fifteenth-Century Music. Corpus mensurabilis musicae 11. Vol. 1, Works of Baude Cordier, Johannis Cesaris, Johannis Carmen, Johannis Tapissier. Cambridge: American Institute of Musicology. OCLC 83198152.
# Atypon

Atypon Systems, LLC is an online publishing platform provider for publishers and other providers of scientific, technical, medical, scholarly, professional and government content. It is headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It has been owned by John Wiley & Sons since 2016.
Atypon’s flagship product is Literatum, which was released in 1999. It is a publishing and website development platform that enables content providers to deliver, market and sell any type of digital content as well as to control the user interface and user experience of their publication websites.

## History

The company was founded in Silicon Valley in 1996 by software engineer and Fulbright Scholar Georgios Papadopoulos.
Atypon has grown both organically and through acquisitions. It acquired Extenza e-Publishing Services in 2011.
The acquisition of eMeta in 2008 expanded Atypon’s product portfolio to include RightSuite, an enterprise access and commerce platform for the publishing and media industry. Atypon acquired the Metapress business from EBSCO Information Services in 2014, with the Metapress platform to be discontinued and customers moved to Atypon's Literatum platform.
In October 2016, Atypon was purchased by academic publisher John Wiley & Sons for $120 million. Atypon operates as a separate, independent business unit of Wiley.
In 2018, Wiley migrated its own Wiley Online Library to Literatum.
Atypon has grown internationally, expanding on its initial primary locations in Amman, Jordan, Athens, Greece, Oxford, UK, Santa Clara, CA, and New York, NY to a remote-first workplace

## Products and services

Literatum is a hosted e-publishing platform that is used to manage, deliver and monetize online content. It consists of six modules for designing and building websites, hosting and managing content, managing user access, targeting advertising, simplifying e-commerce, and reporting and analyzing site activity. The platform is home to more than 13,000 journals containing almost 27 million articles. Atypon’s clients include scholarly and academic publishers such as SAGE Publishing, Taylor & Francis and the University of Chicago Press; journals including The New England Journal of Medicine; professional societies such as the American Veterinary Medical Association and the Society of Exploration Geophysicists; and state and U.S. federal government agencies such as the National Institute of Environmental Health Services. The platform hosts publications in more than a dozen languages other than English, including Mandarin, and Japanese.
RightSuite is an enterprise access and commerce platform that provides authentication, authorization, administration, registration and licensing functionality for digital goods and services. It is available as server applications and as software-as-a-service.
Atypon sponsors two user conferences each year: Engage North America, held the day after the Annual Meeting of the Society for Scholarly Publishing each spring, and Engage Europe, held the first week of each December, typically in London.
# Buddon Siding railway station

Buddon railway station was a Scottish railway station on the Dundee and Arbroath Railway that served the Barry Buddon Training Area from 1910 to 1957.

## History

The station opened in July 1910, although there is evidence of it being used earlier by military personnel only. To the south was Buddon Siding. The signal box, which opened in 1907, was on the westbound platform. The station closed to the public on 1 September 1914 but the military later used it in 1939, 1944, 1956 and 1957 for special purposes.
# Équateur (film)

Équateur (, "equator") is a 1983 French drama film directed by Serge Gainsbourg, starring Francis Huster. Based on a 1933 novel by Georges Simenon, it was screened out of competition at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival.

## Plot

Gabon, the 1930s, then part of French Equatorial Africa. A Frenchman comes to Libreville to work for a timber company; he falls for a mysterious white woman who is involved with murder.

## Cast

* Francis Huster – Timar
* Barbara Sukowa – Adele
* Reinhard Kolldehoff – Eugene Schneider
* François Dyrek – Superintendent
* Jean Bouise – Public prosecutor
* Julien Guiomar – Bouilloux
* Roland Blanche – one-eyed man
* Murray Gronwall – the forester
* Stéphane Bouy – the pedlar
* Franck-Olivier Bonnet – the man from Lyon
# Sierra de Chuacús

The Sierra de Chuacús is situated in the central highlands of Guatemala, and runs southeast from El Quiché to Baja Verapaz. Its northwestern border is marked by the Chixoy River basin in Uspantán, which separates it from the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes. Its eastern border is marked by the Salamá River which separates it from the Sierra de las Minas. Its southeastern border is defined by the Motagua River valley.
The main crest of the Sierra the Chuacús is located along the El Quiché and Baja Verapáz border, and extends at an elevation above 2,100 m for more than 50 km. Its highest peak reaches up to 2504 m.
Located between the Motagua Fault and the Chixoy-Polochic Fault, the Chuacús mountains were formed by complex tectonic and geological processes that started in the Late Cretaceous.
# Farfallino alphabet

The farfallino alphabet (in Italian: alfabeto farfallino) is a language game used primarily in Italy, which can be regarded as an elementary form of substitution cipher. It is usually used by children for amusement or to converse in (perceived) privacy from adults. The name "farfallino" comes from the word "farfalla" (butterfly), which is an ordinary Italian word but sounds like the "codified" words in farfallino alphabet. The farfallino alphabet is similar to games found in other languages such as jeringonza (Spanish/Portuguese), langue de feu (French), Fay Kee Bolee (Urdu) and pig latin (English).

## Rules and variations

The usual rules for farfallino alphabet are based on the substitution of each vowel with a 3 letter sequence where the vowel itself is repeated with an interceding f.
* casa → cafasafa
* lago → lafagofo
* stella → stefellafa
* re → refe
* cercare → cefercafarefe
   Here is an example:
       Quefestofo èfe ufun efesefempifiofo difi frafasefe ifin afalfafabefetofo fafarfafallifinofo. Nofon èfe fafacifilefe, afanchefe peferchèfe vafa defettofo ifil pifiùfu vefelofocefe pofossifibifilefe
   Its translation in Italian is:
       Questo è un esempio di frase in alfabeto farfallino. Non è facile, anche perché va detto il più veloce possibile
   Which means, in English:
       This is an example of phrase in Farfallino Alphabet. It is not easy, also because you should say it as fast as possible.
There are several minor variations to this scheme. One such variation is based on the following substitution rules:
* a → agasa
* e → eghese
* i → ighisi
* o → ogoso
* u → ugusu
Although rules for e and i look different, they are not; the additional h is needed in Italian to enforce a "hard g" sound for letter g, which is implicit in the other combinations. Another more complicated scheme, which is used in some regions of Italy, is as follows:
* a → aufer
* e → enghel
* i → ix
* o → older
* u → uflez
# Cranbrook railway station

Cranbrook railway station may refer to either of two railway stations in England:
* Cranbrook railway station (Devon) (opened in 2015)
* Cranbrook railway station (Kent) (open as a station 1893–1961)
# Cabinet Wulff I

The Cabinet Wulff I was the state government of the German state of Lower Saxony from 4 March 2003 until 26 February 2008. The Cabinet was headed by Minister President Christian Wulff and was formed by the Christian Democratic Union and the Free Democratic Party.
On 4 March 2003 Wulff was elected and sworn in as Minister President by the Landtag of Lower Saxony, after Wulff's winning of the 2003 Lower Saxony state election.

## Composition

| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Minister President | Christian Wulff | 4 March 2003 | 26 February 2008 | CDU |
| Deputy Minister President & Economics, Labour and Transport | Walter Hirche | 4 March 2003 | 26 February 2008 | FDP |
| Minister of the Interior and Sports | Uwe Schünemann | 4 March 2003 | 26 February 2008 | CDU |
| Minister of Finance | Hartmut Möllring | 4 March 2003 | 26 February 2008 | CDU |
| Minister of Justice | Elisabeth Heister-Neumann | 4 March 2003 | 26 February 2008 | CDU |
| Minister of Education | Bernd Busemann | 4 March 2003 | 26 February 2008 | CDU |
| Minister of Social Affairs, Women and Families and Health | Ursula von der Leyen | 4 March 2003 | 22 November 2005 | CDU |
| Minister of Social Affairs, Women and Families and Health | Mechthild Ross-Luttmann | 7 December 2005 | 26 February 2008 | CDU |
| Minister of Science and Culture | Lutz Stratmann | 4 March 2003 | 26 February 2008 | CDU |
| Minister of the Environment | Hans-Heinrich Sander | 4 March 2003 | 26 February 2008 | FDP |
| Minister of Nutrition, Agriculture, Consumer Protection and Regional Development | Hans-Heinrich Ehlen | 4 March 2003 | 26 February 2008 | CDU |
# Fat free lean index

The Fat free lean index is one of several measures of hog quality (in this case, leanness) that can be used in determining value. The index was developed by the National Pork Producers Council, an industry trade group.

## History

In 1990, approximately 25 percent of U.S. market hogs were purchased on a carcass merit system that differentiated price based on lean content. The differentials varied, and there was a scarcity of data to indicate whether the price spread was sufficient between good and poor quality pigs.
A checkoff-funded task force in 1990 recommended that procedures be established to determine value of pigs based on pounds of quality lean in the carcass.
In 1993, the National Pork Producers Council's (NPPC) Lean Value Task Force, funded by the National Pork Board (NPB) and in cooperation with the Pork Committee of the American Meat Institute, developed the Uniform Lean Information Project. In it, the Fat-Free Lean Index, (FFLI) was developed. The intent of the FFLI was to permit pork producers to compare the lean content of their pigs over time and with the pigs of other producers, even though each producer may be marketing to different processors using different technology to estimate carcass lean content. The original FFLI equations were based on carcass separation data collected in university trials from 1970 to 1985 from pigs weighing between 200 and 250 lb. Since then, pigs have been made leaner through genetic selection and market weights have increased greatly.
# Baudement

Baudement (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France.
# Atypophthalmus

Atypophthalmus is a genus of crane fly in the family Limoniidae.

## Species

* Subgenus Atypophthalmus Brunetti, 1911
** A. andringitrae (Alexander, 1965)
** A. barthelemyi (Alexander, 1923)
** A. bilobatus (Alexander, 1955)
** A. bobyensis (Alexander, 1965)
** A. bourbonensis (Alexander, 1957)
** A. comoricola (Alexander, 1979)
** A. crinitus (Alexander, 1924)
** A. densifimbriatus (Alexander, 1955)
** A. emaceratus (Alexander, 1921)
** A. flavopyga (Alexander, 1921)
** A. fuscopleura (Alexander, 1920)
** A. gausapa (Alexander, 1972)
** A. gurneyanus (Alexander, 1972)
** A. hovamendicus (Alexander, 1955)
** A. infixus (Walker, 1865)
** A. inusitatellus (Alexander, 1964)
** A. inustus (Meigen, 1818)
** A. kurma (Alexander, 1966)
** A. languidus (Alexander, 1934)
** A. mahensis (Edwards, 1912)
** A. marleyi (Alexander, 1917)
** A. mauritianus (Alexander, 1956)
** A. mendicus (Alexander, 1921)
** A. mjobergi (Edwards, 1926)
** A. multisetosus Savchenko, 1983
** A. parvapiculatus (Alexander, 1973)
** A. patritus (Alexander, 1956)
** A. patulus (Alexander, 1932)
** A. pendleburyi (Edwards, 1928)
** A. perreductus (Alexander, 1941)
** A. polypogon (Alexander, 1970)
** A. prodigiosus (Alexander, 1979)
** A. quinquevittatus (Santos Abreu, 1923)
** A. sedatus (Alexander, 1922)
** A. segnis (Alexander, 1955)
** A. seychellanus (Alexander, 1956)
** A. stylacanthus (Alexander, 1971)
** A. submendicus (Alexander, 1921)
** A. tamborinus (Alexander, 1930)
** A. taoensis (Hynes, 1993)
** A. thaumastopyga (Alexander, 1961)
** A. thomasseti (Edwards, 1912)
** A. umbratus (de Meijere, 1911)
** A. vinsoni (Alexander, 1954)
* Subgenus Microlimonia Savchenko, 1976
** A. bicorniger (Alexander, 1932)
** A. egressus (Alexander, 1938)
** A. inelegans (Alexander, 1924)
** A. machidai (Alexander, 1921)
** A. omogoensis (Alexander, 1954)
# Řež

Řež (Czech:) is a village and administrative part of Husinec in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.
Řež is the site of a nuclear research centre and a chemical factory. In August 2002 there was a serious flood which damaged the site.
Řež has a railway connection by Prague - Kralupy nad Vltavou line. The stop is located on the opposite (left) bank of the Vltava River and is accessible by a pedestrian bridge.
On 19 June 2022 the highest ever temperature during the month of June in the Czech Republic was recorded here at 39.0 °C.
# Sidi M'Hamed Akhdim

Sidi M'Hamed Akhdim is a small town and rural commune in El Jadida Province of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 10,745 people living in 1680 households.
# Fakılı, Erdemli

Fakılı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Erdemli, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 198 (2022). It is situated in the forests of the Toros Mountains. It is located on the eastern side of the Alata River valley opposite to Koramşalı at the western side of the valley. The distance to Erdemli is 24 kilometres (15 mi) and 60 kilometres (37 mi) to Mersin. The village is named after Fakih, who founded the village in the 1520s. The neighborhood's main economic activity is farming. Tomato, cucumber, pomegranate, beans and grapes are the main crops.
# CENPL

Centromere protein L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPL gene.
# Fedémes

Fedémes is a village in Heves County, Hungary.
# Bullocktown, Indiana

Bullocktown is an unincorporated community in Boon Township, Warrick County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

An old variant name of the community was Bullock. A post office was established under the name Bullock in 1892, and remained in operation until 1903. John A. Bullock served as an early postmaster, and gave the community his name.

## Geography

Bullocktown is located at 37°58′29″N 87°13′22″W﻿ / ﻿37.97472°N 87.22278°W﻿ / 37.97472; -87.22278.
# Athletics at the 1986 Commonwealth Games – Women's high jump

The men's high jump event at the 1986 Commonwealth Games was held on 1 August at the Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | 1.75 | 1.80 | 1.83 | 1.86 | 1.88 | 1.90 | 1.92 | Result |
| | Chris Stanton | Australia | – | o | o | o | xxo | o | xxo | 1.92 |
| | Sharon McPeake | Northern Ireland | o | o | o | o | o | o | xxx | 1.90 |
| | Janet Boyle | Northern Ireland | o | o | o | xo | o | o | xxx | 1.90 |
| 4 | Diana Davies | England | – | o | o | o | o | xxo | xxx | 1.90 |
| 5 | Debbie Brill | Canada | – | o | o | o | xxo | xxx | | 1.88 |
| 6 | Trudy Painter | New Zealand | o | o | o | o | xxx | | | 1.86 |
| 7 | Jayne Barnetson | Scotland | | | | | | | | 1.83 |
| 8 | Jennifer Little | England | | | | | | | | 1.83 |
| 9 | Vanessa Ward | Australia | | | | | | | | 1.83 |
| 10 | Linda McCurdy-Cameron | Canada | | | | | | | | 1.80 |
| 11 | Louise Manning | England | | | | | | | | 1.75 |
| 11 | Jenny Talbot | Australia | | | | | | | | 1.75 |
| | Alison Armstrong | Canada | | | | | | | | NM |
# Dosanjh Khurd

Dosanjh Khurd is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) away from Banga, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Nawanshahr, 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 103 kilometres (64 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, Dosanjh Khurd has a total number of 245 houses and population of 1077 of which 534 include are males while 543 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. The literacy rate of Dosanjh Khurd is 80.93%, higher than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 107 which is 9.94% of total population of Dosanjh Khurd, and child sex ratio is approximately 1184 as compared to Punjab state average of 846.
Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 55.25% of total population in Dosanjh Khurd. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
As per the report published by Census India in 2011, 321 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Dosanjh Khurd which includes 268 males and 53 females. According to census survey report 2011, 92.83% workers describe their work as main work and 7.17% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Education

Amardeep Singh Shergill Memorial college Mukandpur and Sikh National College Banga are the nearest colleges. Lovely Professional University is 35 kilometres (22 mi) away from the village.

## Transport

Nawanshahr railway station is the nearest train station however, Garhshankar Junction railway station is 18 kilometres (11 mi) away from the village. Sahnewal Airport is the nearest domestic airport which located 59 kilometres (37 mi) away in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 143 kilometres (89 mi) away in Amritsar.
# Sidi M'Hamed (disambiguation)

Sidi M'Hamed may refer to:

## People

* Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine, an Algerian theologian and Sufi
* Sidi M'Hamed al-Ayachi, a Moroccan theologian and Sufi

## Places

* Sidi M'Hamed, a municipality in Algiers Province
* Sidi M'Hamed, a municipality in M'Sila Province
* Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine Cemetery, a cemetery in Algiers Province
* Sidi M'hamed Benaouda, a municipality in Relizane Province
* Sidi M'hamed Ben Ali, a municipality in Relizane Province
* Sidi M'Hamed District, a district in Algiers Province
* Sidi M'Hamed Ben Ali District, a district in Relizane Province
* Sidi M'Hamed Akhdim, a commune in El Jadida Province
# Farringdon railway station (disambiguation)

Farringdon railway station may refer to:
* Farringdon station, a main line and London Underground station
* Farringdon Halt railway station, a station on the closed Meon Valley Railway in East Hampshire
It may also be confused with:
* Faringdon railway station, a closed Great Western Railway station in Oxfordshire
* Farington railway station, a closed station on the former North Union Railway in Lancashire
# Aparavirus

Aparavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Dicistroviridae. Invertebrates, honeybee, and bumblebees serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: ABPV: paralysis. This virus plays a role in sudden collapse of honey bee colonies infested with the parasitic mite varroa destructor.

## Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species:
* Acute bee paralysis virus
* Israeli acute paralysis virus
* Kashmir bee virus
* Mud crab virus
* Solenopsis invicta virus-1
* Taura syndrome virus

## Structure

Viruses in Aparavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented. The genome has 2 open reading frames.
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| Aparavirus | Icosahedral | Pseudo T=3 | Non-enveloped | Linear | |

## Life cycle

Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Invertebrates, honeybee, and bumblebees serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contamination and saliva.
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| Aparavirus | Invertebrates: honeybee, bumblebees | None | Unknown | Unknown | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
# Father Xmas

Father Xmas is a 2001 short film from director Marie Rose and the American Film Institute's Directing Workshop for Women starring Dakota Fanning in her debut as six-year-old Clairee who learns from her older brother (Stephen Fanning) that Santa Claus is not real and that their father is fighting in the Vietnam War.
# Bauernfeindstraße station

Bauernfeindstraße station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U1 line.