OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eroica Variations

The Variations and Fugue for Piano in E♭ major, Op. 35 are a set of fifteen variations (plus three "bonus" variations) for solo piano composed by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1802. They are commonly referred to as the Eroica Variations because a different set of variations on the opening bass line section were used as the finale of his Symphony No. 3 Eroica composed the following year.
Musicologists Leon Plantinga and Alexander Ringer claim that the inspiration for the Eroica theme may have come from Classical era composer Muzio Clementi. Plantinga theorizes that a source may be Clementi's Piano Sonata in F minor, Op. 13, No. 6 (composed in 1784), where the first seven or eight notes of the Eroica theme can be matched, with a simpler rhythm, with the beginning of the third movement (in a minor key), and later to the melody in a major key (the Eroica theme is in a major key, although there are variations in minor keys). Ringer points to the first movement of the Piano Sonata in G minor, Op. 7, No. 3 (composed in 1782) as a possible source, where the melody (in a minor key) and rhythm closely match the first eight bars of the Eroica theme. (a major version also exists in the movement, matching very closely the melody in the major key from the F minor, Op. 13, No. 6 sonata).
The theme was a favourite of Beethoven's. He had used it in the finale of the ballet music he composed for The Creatures of Prometheus (1801), as well as for the seventh of his 12 Contredanses, WoO 14 (1800-02), before being the subject of the variations of this work and of the later symphony. It begins thus:
In a departure from the classical theme-and-variations form, Beethoven opens the work not with the main theme, but the bass line to the main theme. He then follows with three variations of this bass line before finally stating the main theme. This approach was carried over from the ballet music, where it represented the gradual creation of life forms by Prometheus. The variations in the Eroica Symphony follow this same pattern. In another departure from traditional variation form, after the fifteen variations of the main theme, Beethoven finishes the work with a finale consisting of a fugal variation followed by two more variations marked Andante con moto.
# Zdravko Ježić

Zdravko "Pusko" Ježić (17 August 1931 – 19 June 2005) was a Croatian chemist and water polo player. He was part of the Yugoslav team that won silver medals at the 1952 and 1956 Olympics and placed fourth in 1960.
In 1958 Ježić received a degree in chemical technology from the University of Zagreb, and in 1960, he started working for chemical industry. In 1962, he defended a PhD in organic chemical technology, and then spent a few years as a postdoctoral student at the University of Michigan. From 1966 until his retirement in 1992 he developed polymeric materials at Dow Chemical Company in the United States. He co-authored numerous scientific and technical papers and 13 patents. As a U.S. citizen, Ježić appeared in an Olympic-themed commercial for Dow Chemical during the 1988 Olympics.
Ježić died in New York City in 2005. In 2010, he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.
# Bakara (disambiguation)

Bakara is a village in Iraq.
Bakara may refer to the following.
* Bakara, Nigeria, a populated place
* Bakara, South Australia, a locality
* Bakara Conservation Park, a protected area in South Australia
* Bakaara Market, a market in Somalia
* Hundred of Bakara, a cadastral unit in South Australia
# Bon in Bhutan

Before the introduction of Buddhism in Bhutan, the prevalent religion was Bon. Some scholars assert that it was imported from Tibet and India, perhaps in the eighth century when Padmasambhava introduced his lineages of Vajrayana Buddhism into Tibet and the Himalayas. Some scholars hold that Bön doctrine became so strongly reinvigorated in Bhutan by Buddhism that by the eleventh century it reasserted itself as an independent school. Bön continues to be practiced in modern Bhutan.
Scofield (1976: p. 669), one of the first western journalists into Bhutan, outlined that:
   One Sunday I watched the monks shape an elaborate offering of dough and colored butter and put it atop a roof...as a treat for the ravens. "All living things are sacred," a monk explained, "but especially the ravens. They spend their days repeating one of our holy syllables, 'Ah! Ah! Ah!'" Killing a raven, he informed me, would be as great a sin as slaughtering a thousand monks...
The dough offering is what is known as a torma. The sacred syllable a, the first letter and sound of the Sanskrit and Tibetan languages, is a bīja mantra about which volumes have been written in Hinduism, Bon and Vajrayana. Ravens are sacred in many traditions and for many peoples.

## Sources

* Karma Phuntsho (2013). The History of Bhutan. Nodia: Random House India. pp. 135–136. ISBN 9788184003116.
* Scofield, John (1976). Life Slowly Changes In A Remote Himalayan Kingdom. In National Geographic, November 1976.
# Friedrich Adolph August Struve

Friedrich Adolph August Struve (9 May 1781, Neustadt in Sachsen – 29 September 1840, Berlin) was a German pharmacist and balneologist.

## Biography

He studied medicine at the Universities of Leipzig and Halle, then continued his education at Johann Peter Frank's clinic in Vienna. In 1803 he settled into a medical practice in his hometown of Neustadt. Two years later, he acquired an apothecary shop in Dresden through marriage, and subsequently gave up his medical practice, choosing to devote his time to technical and scientific work.
After taking spa treatments in Karlsbad and Marienbad, he came up with the idea of artificially replicating mineral waters by chemical means. After years of effort, the practical implementation of a spa utilizing artificial mineral water finally came to fruition. Together with mechanic Rudolf Bloch, who had produced and constructed the necessary equipment, the first mineral water facilities were established in 1820 at Dresden. Afterwards, similar institutions were built in Leipzig, Berlin, Brighton (the "Royal German Spaa"), Königsberg, Warsaw, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kyiv and other cities.
In September 1830, he played an important role during the so-called "Uprising in Dresden", subsequently becoming involved in local politics. From 1833 up until his death, he served as deputy mayor. In 1837 he became a representative of Dresden in the second chamber of the Saxon parliament.

## Published works

* "Remarks on an institution for the preparation and use of artificial mineral waters in Great Britain", 1823.
* Über die Nachbildung der natürlichen Heilquellen, 1824.
# State Is Burning

State Is Burning is the eighth full-length studio album by Israeli punk band Useless ID. It was released on July 1, 2016, and is the band's second album and third release on Fat Wreck Chords. It was released more than 4 years after the band's previous album, Symptoms, marking the longest gap between two Useless ID albums. It was also preceded by a 7-inch EP for the album's first single "We Don't Want the Airwaves", which was released on May 6, 2016. Musically. the album is a return to the faster, more aggressive sound of earlier releases by the band.
It is the fourth album the band recorded at the Blasting Room in Fort Collins, Colorado, recorded December 3–19, 2015, with producers Bill Stevenson and Jason Livermore, and the band's first and only album with drummer Gideon Berger, who announced his departure during the album's release show on June 30, 2016.
The album's release show took place on June 30, 2016, a day before the album's official release, at the Barby Club in Tel Aviv, supported by hardcore/surf rock band Shifka Chiefs. During the band's performance, they were joined by Jamie Hilsden of Jerusalem based punk rock act Man Alive, to perform two songs, originally recorded by Man Alive.

## Singles

On April 15, 2016, the song "We Don't Want the Airwaves" was released as the first official single, through the Fat Wreck Chords YouTube channel. On April 20, 2016, the band announced on their Facebook page they'll be making a music video for the single, which will be composed of fan footage that will be sent to them by fans, giving tribute to the Ramones, as the song is the band's tribute to the Ramones.
On June 10, 2016, the album's opening track "Land of Idiocracy" was streamed for free through the Fat Wreck Chords YouTube channel.
On July 25, 2016, the official music video for "We Don't Want the Airwaves" was released, through the Fat Wreck Chords official YouTube channel. The video is a compilation of photos and short videos, referencing and paying tribute to the Ramones, that were made by fans and sent to Useless ID, then edited together by the band, along with homage pictures by the band members themselves.

## Personnel

* Yotam Ben Horin - lead vocals, bass
* Ishay Berger - lead guitar, backing vocals
* Guy Carmel - rhythm guitar, vocals
* Gideon Berger - drums, percussion

### Production

* Bill Stevenson - production, engineering, arrangement
* Jason Livermore - production, engineering, mastering
* Adi Khavous - photography
# Civair

Civair is an aircraft charter operator based in Cape Town, South Africa. The company's core business is the operation of helicopter charters.

## History

Civair has operated helicopter and fixed-wing business charter services since 1989. Civair Helicopters CC operates the helicopter and fixed wing charter services, the main business of the organisation.
In March 2004, an attempt was made at starting up a low-cost airline flying between Cape Town and London Stansted, planning to serve the route three times a week with a Boeing 747-200. The now defunct Civair Airways (Pty) Ltd was due to operate the web-based international budget airline.
In December 2004, about 7,400 passengers were left out-of-pocket when it transpired that Civair did not have an aircraft available for the flights, nor did it have the funding to offer any alternatives. No authority had been received from United Kingdom transport officials for landing in the UK either. Amidst the public relations disaster that followed, partial refunds were given to passengers who purchased tickets on their website, civair.com, their only ticket outlet. None of the passengers were ever officially notified of the cancellations. Civair received a further blow when it was discovered that the Proudly South African logo (a South African business standards association) was being illegally used, as Civair was not a member. Early in 2005, the company's director Andy Cluver, together with Kobus Nell, the organization's accountant, were called to account for Civair's actions by the CAA (Civil Aviation Authority) in South Africa.

## Fleet

As at 2004, Civair utilises six helicopters, and two aeroplanes. Some aircraft in the fleet include:
Helicopters:
* 2 Bell Jet Ranger Helicopters
* 1 Hughes 500
* 2 Robinson R44
* 1 BO 105
Aircraft:
* 1 Cessna 207
* 1 Cessna 414
# Circinaria arida

Circinaria arida (pebble ball lichen) is a 0.5–6 cm, light olive-brown crustose lichen that grows on rock, often like a cluster of little light brown to olive balls growing on pebbles, in the southwestern deserts of North America. It is also found in Eurasia, and arid parts of North America from the southern Great Plains and Midwest to California. It is warty (verrucose) with the warts sometimes cracking apart areolate. The warts or areolas have angular to rounded sides. The 0.2-2.3 mm, convex to flat-topped areolas are separated by deep fissures that may be as deep (0.1–2 mm) as the areola is wide, so the lichen often appears to be made of clusters of little balls crammed up next to each other, although the areolas are sometimes isolated. In California it is commonly found growing on pebbles. Each areola has a single sunken black, dust covered (pruinose) fruiting body (apothecium) with a white rim. A thin strip of prothallus sometimes is at the outer edge, forming a narrow dark zone (fimbriate). The similar Aspicilia desertorum has a white pruina (dusty coating) on the apothecia. It is negative for lichen spot tests, I−, K−, P−, C−.
# 2b Theatre Company

2b theatre company, stylized as the 2b theatre company, is a theatre company based in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

## History

2b was founded in 1999 by Christian Barry, Anthony Black, Andrea Dymond, Zach Fraser, and Angela Gasparetto. Built from a fledgling student start up, the company has gone on to stage 29 original productions, including 26 world premieres. Its work has been presented in 66 cities, 13 countries, and five continents. 2b has won two Herald Angel Awards, an Edinburgh Fringe First, and has been nominated for six Drama Desk Awards. 2b’s shows have been finalists for the Nova Scotia Masterworks Award three times and in 2018, Old Stock: A Refugee Love Story became the first theatrical production to win the award.

## Mandate

"2b theatre company strives to stimulate the mind and awaken the spirit by producing theatre that is innovative and challenging. We create, produce, present, and tour original work nationally and internationally. Our work is part of the evolution of contemporary theatre aesthetics. We are also an incubator, central to a thriving national theatre community, that offers a range of creation, performance, and production opportunities for arts professionals from our region and beyond."

## Touring

While based in Halifax, 2b is a touring company. To date, 2b has toured to 40 cities in 10 countries on four continents.
List of cities visited by 2b:
* Aarhus
* Albany, Western Australia
* Antigonish
* Auckland
* Burnaby
* Calgary
* Charleston
* Chester
* Cork
* Cow Head
* Dartmouth
* Denmark
* Edinburgh
* Edmonton
* Fredericton
* Groningen
* Halifax
* Hannover
* Kitchener
* London, Ontario
* Melbourne
* Memphis
* Moncton
* Montreal
* Mumbai
* Nashville
* New York
* North Vancouver
* Ottawa
* Parrsboro
* Pittsburgh
* Regina
* Saint John
* Salt Spring Island
* Stephenville
* Stratford, Ontario
* Sydney
* Toronto
* Vancouver
* Victoria
* Wellington
* Whitehorse
* Windsor

## Recent productions

* Unconscious at the Sistine Chapel
* We Are Not Alone
* What a Young Wife Ought to Know
* The God that Comes
* When it Rains

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Status | Production |
| 2015 | The Coast Top Ten | | What A Young Wife Ought To Know |
| 2014 | Herald Little Devil Award | Winner | The God That Comes |
| 2014 | The Nova Scotia Merritt Award: Best New Play | Winner | The God That Comes |
| 2013 | Nova Scotia Masterworks Award | Finalist | When it Rains |
| 2013 | Betty Mitchell Awards: Outstanding Composition or Sound Design | Winner | The God That Comes |
| 2013 | Betty Mitchell Awards: Best Production of a Musical | Winner | The God That Comes |
| 2012 | Summerworks Design Award | Winner | When it Rains |
| 2012 | The Nova Scotia Merritt Award: Best Supporting Female Actor | Winner | When it Rains |
| 2012 | The Nova Scotia Merritt Award: Best Director | Winner | |
# Christophe Prigent

Christophe Prigent is a former French slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. He won two medals in the K-1 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a silver in 1985 and a bronze in 1987.
# Erol

Erol is a Turkish given name or surname meaning "brave". This name is shared by the following people:

## Given name

* Erol Alkan (born 1974), Turkish Cypriot DJ, artist and record producer
* Erol Erdal Alkan (born 1994), Turkish footballer
* Erol Bekir (born 1974), Macedonian-Swedish footballer and manager player
* Erol Bulut (born 1975), Turkish footballer
* Erol Bilgin (born 1987), Turkish weightlifter
* Erol Büyükburç (1936–2015), Turkish pop music singer and composer
* Erol Çevikçe (born 1937), Turkish politician
* Erol Erdinç (born 1945), Turkish classical pianist and conductor
* Erol Erduran, Turkish Cypriot educator and writer
* Erol Evcil (born 1966), Turkish businessman
* Erol Evgin (born 1947), Turkish pop singer, composer and film actor
* Erol Gelenbe, Turkish-French academic, computer scientist, electronic engineer and applied mathematician
* Erol Günaydın (1933–2012), Turkish theater and film actor
* Erol Güngör (1938–1983), Turkish sociologist
* Erol Madison Gwion (1965–2023), Liberian politician
* Erol Iba (born 1979), Indonesian footballer
* Erol Kemah (born 1961), Turkish sport wrestler
* Erol Keskin (1927–2016), Turkish footballer
* Erol Mütercimler (born 1954), Turkish journalist, columnist and academic
* Erol Onaran (1934–2005), Turkish-American businessman
* Erol Otus, American artist and game designer
* Erol Ozensoy (born 1953), Turkish entrepreneur, industrialist and businessman
* Erol Sabancı (born 1938), Turkish billionaire banker
* Erol Sabanov (born 1974), Bulgarian-German footballer of Turkish origin
* Erol Sander (born 1968), Turkish-German actor
* Erol Taş (1928–1998), Turkish film actor
* Erol Togay (1950–2012), Turkish footballer
* Erol Toy (1936–2021), Turkish writer
* Erol Tuncer (born 1938), Turkish engineer, bureaucrat and politician
* Erol Uenala, Turkish-Swiss industrial and metal musician

## Surname

* Altan Erol, Turkish professional basketball player
* Cemre Erol (born 1992), Turkish volleyball player
* Didem Erol, Australian-born Turkish-American actress, model, and TV host
* Esra Erol (footballer) (born 1985), Turkish footballer
* Esra Erol (TV presenter) (born 1982), Turkish television presenter.
* Metin Erol (born 1987), Turkish footballer
* Safiye Erol (1902–1964), Turkish novelist
# Dogfight (1980 video game)

Dogfight is an aerial combat video game written by Bill Basham for the Apple II and published by Micro Lab in 1980. The game is a clone of Atari, Inc.'s 1975 arcade game Jet Fighter.

## Gameplay

The player controls an aircraft that always moves in the direction is it pointed and can be rotated left or right and shoot. The screen wraps around at the edges, such that a player heading off the right edge of the screen will re-enter from the left.
Players can play solo against the computer or up to 8 humans can play against each other. Since all input is via the single built-in keyboard of the Apple II, this involves the players crowding up against each other to reach their 3 keys. Each plane is identified by a number drawn next to it.
When a plane is shot, it becomes a parachuting figure, which transits the screen from top to bottom a few times and also may be shot.

## Development

The game was written by Bill Basham in Rockford, Illinois. He began programming the Apple II in machine language and wanted to explore animation. He was able to smoothly animate up to 56 items on the screen at the same time, optimized with a lookup table.

## Reception

Dogfight was number 6 on Softalk's "The Top Thirty" list in the February 1981 issue.

## Legacy

Programmer Bill Basham: "After writing Dogfight and publishing it through Microlab, I went on to write Diversi-DOS. Microlab wasn't selling Dogfight by then, so I decided to include it as a freebee with Diversi-DOS".
Dogfight II is a 1981 update with support for the Joyport device and two new game modes: multiplayer and anti-aircraft gunner.
# Denys Colomb de Daunant

Albin Théodore Denys Colomb de Daunant (21 November 1922 – 22 March 2006) was a French writer, poet, photographer and filmmaker, best known for his work on the multi-award-winning 1953 short film White Mane. An aristocrat and modern dandy, he was an iconic figure of France's rural Camargue region.

## Biography

The son of Auguste Colomb de Daunant and L. Carenou1, Denys Colomb de Daunant was born into a Protestant family in the Gard department of southern France. The Colomb de Daunants were major landowners and ran a number of traditional mas and factories.
During the Second World War, he had to flee France for having insulted a German officer. He attempted to rejoin the Free French Forces in Morocco, but was captured while crossing the Pyrenees and imprisoned.
Returning to the Camargue in 1947, at the age of 25, he purchased the Cacharel mas in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, where he was to live for more than sixty years, transforming it in the process into a rustic horse-riding centre with no running water, electricity, or telephone line. Cacharel became one of the area's best-known manades for both horses and Camargue bulls. Though this remained his base, he travelled a lot and became friends with many of the prominent cultural figures of his time, including Picasso, Chagall, Ernest Hemingway, and Salvador Dalí. He was close to Frédéric Mistral, and contributed to the latter's Occitan language magazine Aïoli.
In 1948 he married Monique Bonis, the granddaughter of Colomb de Daunant's spiritual forebear, iconic Camargue pioneer Folco de Baroncelli-Javon.
He was the manager of the bullfighting ring at Saintes-Marie-de-la-Mer, and sometimes took part in bullfights himself.
With Albert Lamorisse and James Agee, Colomb de Daunant was one of the screenwriters of White Mane, a short film released in 1952 that focused on the wild horses of the Camargue, and much of it was filmed at the mas de Cacharel. With Lamorisse he also co-authored the novel of the same name that appeared in 1953.
He spent much of his life fighting to protect the cultural heritage of the Camargue, campaigning for example against the encroachment of electricity pylons. He avoided using electricity himself, and was known in France for perpetuating the image first embodied by Folco de Baroncelli of the Camargue as an area of tough men and wild animals – at times, indeed, he even dressed in traditional clothing from Baroncelli's time.
He died on 22 March 2006 at the age of 85, survived by two children, Florian and Sylvie Colomb de Daunant.
# Bodega

Bodega may refer to:

## Buildings

* Convenience store
** Bodega (store), convenience stores in the New York metropolitan area
* Warehouse
* Winery
* Wine bar
* Wine cellar

## Music

* Bodega (Scottish band)
* Bodega (Canadian band)
* Bodega (American band)
* Bodega (bagpipe), an instrument from southern France
* Bodega Band, a Norwegian jazz orchestra

## Places in the United States

* Bodega, California, a town in Sonoma County
* Bodega Bay, California, a town in Sonoma County
* Bodega Bay, a Pacific Ocean inlet on the northern California coast

## Other uses

* Bodega (company), former name of Stockwell, an American vending machine manufacturer
# Barb Samardzich

Barbara Jean "Barb" Samardzich (born September 21, 1958) is an American business executive who worked for Ford from 1990 to 2016. From November 2013 to 2016, she served Chief Operating Officer of Ford of Europe.

## Early life

Samardzich received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Florida and master's degrees in mechanical engineering (Carnegie-Mellon University) and industrial engineering (Wayne State University).

## Career

At the beginning of her professional life, Samardzich worked at Westinghouse Electric. In 1990 she moved to Ford, where she held various management positions in the areas of product development, quality and powertrain development.
She had been working in Europe since 2011, first as Vice President for Product Development, and from Autumn 2013 to October 1, 2016, as Chief Operating Officer of Ford of Europe.

## Honors and awards

* 2005 and 2010 recognition as Leading Woman in the North American Automotive Industry (Automotive News)
* 2006 Distinguished Women Award from Northwood University
* 2007 Recognized as one of the Most Influential Women (Crain’s Detroit Business)
* 2009 and 2010 Automotive News All Star
* 2011 Top 50 women in the automotive industry (Automobilwoche)