OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2018 African Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre backstroke

The Men's 200 metre backstroke competition of the 2018 African Swimming Championships was held on 12 September 2018.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.
| | Name | Nation | Time | Location | Date |
| World record | Aaron Peirsol | United States | 1:51.92 | Rome | 31 July 2009 |
| African record | George du Rand | South Africa | 1:55.75 | Rome | 30 July 2009 |
| Championship record | George du Rand | South Africa | 2:01.02 | Johannesburg | 3 December 2008 |

## Results
### Heats

The heats were started on 12 September at 10:10.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Mohamed Ryad Bouhamidi | Algeria | 2:05.56 | Q |
| 2 | Jacques van Wyk | South Africa | 2:07.32 | Q |
| 3 | Abdellah Ardjoune | Algeria | 2:08.47 | Q |
| 4 | Driss Lahrichi | Morocco | 2:10.45 | Q |
| 5 | Mohamed Samy | Egypt | 2:10.72 | Q |
| 6 | Ahmed Hamdy | Egypt | 2:11.95 | Q |
| 7 | Mathieu Marquet | Mauritius | 2:13.06 | Q |
| 8 | Ruan Breytenbach | South Africa | 2:15.13 | Q |
| 9 | Alvin Omondi | Kenya | 2:26.16 | |
| | Heriniavo Rasolonjatovo | Madagascar | Did not start | Did not start |
| | Mohamed Aziz Ghaffari | Tunisia | Did not start | Did not start |

### Final

The final was started on 14 September.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 4 | Mohamed Ryad Bouhamidi | Algeria | 2:05.13 |
| | 5 | Jacques van Wyk | South Africa | 2:05.76 |
| | 2 | Mohamed Samy | Egypt | 2:06.88 |
| 4 | 7 | Ahmed Hamdy | Egypt | 2:07.42 |
| 5 | 3 | Abdellah Ardjoune | Algeria | 2:07.56 |
| 6 | 6 | Driss Lahrichi | Morocco | 2:09.11 |
| 7 | 1 | Mathieu Marquet | Mauritius | 2:14.83 |
| 8 | 8 | Ruan Breytenbach | South Africa | 2:18.49 |
# 2018 San Benedetto Tennis Cup – Doubles

Carlos Taberner and Pol Toledo Bagué were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Julian Ocleppo and Andrea Vavassori won the title after defeating Sergio Galdós and Federico Zeballos 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

## Seeds

* Julian Ocleppo / Andrea Vavassori (champions)
* Sergio Galdós / Federico Zeballos (final)
* Nikola Čačić / Luca Margaroli (quarterfinals)
* Tomislav Brkić / Ante Pavić (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | J Ocleppo A Vavassori | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Riccardo Bonadio Edoardo Eremin | 3 | 1 | | 1 | J Ocleppo A Vavassori | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Bracciali F Gil | 6 | 3 | [11] | | D Bracciali F Gil | 4 | 6$^1$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | G Escobar M Sánchez | 4 | 6 | [9] | | | | | | 1 | J Ocleppo A Vavassori | 2 | 7$^9$ | [10] | | | | |
| 4 | T Brkić A Pavić | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | 4 | T Brkić A Pavić | 6 | 6$^7$ | [7] | | | | |
| | S Gutiérrez Ferrol S Martos Gornés | 3 | 5 | | 4 | T Brkić A Pavić | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Ojeda Lara O Roca Batalla | 6$^3$ | 2 | | | J Domingues N Milojević | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Domingues N Milojević | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | J Ocleppo A Vavassori | 6 | 6 |
| | G Fonio Pietro Rondoni | 4 | 6$^6$ | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | S Galdós F Zeballos | 3 | 2 |
| WC | Riccardo Balzerani J Berrettini | 6 | 7$^8$ | | WC | R Balzerani J Berrettini | 6$^3$ | 6 | [11] | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Taylor J Taylor | 6$^3$ | 3 | | 3 | N Čačić L Margaroli | 7$^7$ | 3 | [9] | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | N Čačić L Margaroli | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | WC | R Balzerani J Berrettini | 6$^9$ | 4 | | | | | |
| | A Collarini JP Varillas | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 2 | S Galdós F Zeballos | 7$^{11}$ | 6 | | | | | |
| | B Bonzi G Jacq | 3 | 4 | | | A Collarini JP Varillas | 7 | 4 | [8] | | | | | | | | | |
| | Gianluca Di Nicola Davide Galoppini | 3 | 2 | | 2 | S Galdós F Zeballos | 5 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | S Galdós F Zeballos | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Billy Jennings

Billy Jennings (born 20 February 1952) is an English former footballer who played as a striker in the Football League for Watford, West Ham United, Orient and Luton Town. He also played in the North American Soccer League for Chicago Sting.
A former youth player with Watford, Jennings made his professional debut for the Hornets on 10 April 1970, a third place play-off game against Manchester United in the 1969–70 FA Cup campaign at Highbury which the team lost 2–0. He made 10 League appearances that season, 16 in 1971–72, and 19 in 1972–73.
The 1973–74 season ended with Jennings as Third Division top scorer on 26 goals, and Watford Player of the Season. After 100 appearances for Watford, and England Youth international honours, Jennings signed for West Ham United for £110,000 in September 1974, an early signing for new manager John Lyall. The fee was almost double Watford's previous record for a received transfer fee, and was £5,000 less than West Ham's record spend.
Jennings scored on his Hammers debut on 7 September 1974, against Sheffield United, and was a member of the FA Cup winning team of 1974–75. The following season, West Ham got to the Final of the European Cup Winners' Cup, with Jennings scoring two goals in the away leg of club's quarter-final. The second-leg home game against ADO Den Haag saw the Hammers score three, to bring the aggregate score to 5–5, and go through on away goals.
In 1977, Jennings spent three months on loan at NASL club Chicago Sting, playing with fellow Englishman Ronnie Moore and Scot Willie Morgan. On his return, he suffers an Achilles injury, after which he failed to hold on to a regular place in the West Ham team. After 127 league and cup appearances and 41 goals for West Ham, he moved to Orient in August 1979.
Jennings scored 26 goals in 78 appearances for Orient before moving to Luton Town. Although he retired after two substitute appearances for the Hatters, he later played for Isthmian League clubs Dagenham, Bishop's Stortford and Heybridge Swifts.
Jennings later worked as a football agent, running the Premier Management agency, whose clients included former West Ham players Hayden Mullins and Kevin Nolan. He left the company in 2005.

## Honours

West Ham United
* FA Cup: 1974–75
# Billy Jenkins (American football)

Billy Leon Jenkins Jr. (born July 8, 1974, in Los Angeles, California) is a former professional American football safety in the National Football League. He played for the St. Louis Rams (1997–1999), the Denver Broncos (2000–2001), the Green Bay Packers (2001), and the Buffalo Bills (2002). He played in Super Bowl XXXIV for the Rams where he started at safety. After the 1999 season, the Rams traded Jenkins to the Denver Broncos for a fifth-round pick in the 2000 NFL Draft.
He is an alumnus of Howard University. Jenkins is currently a defensive backs coach at his alma mater.

## NFL stats

| Year | Team | GP | COMB | TOTAL | AST | SACK | FF | FR | FR YDS | INT | IR YDS | AVG IR | LNG | TD | PD |
| 1997 | STL | 16 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00 | 0.00 | 00 | 0 | 0 |
| 1998 | STL | 16 | 81 | 64 | 17 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 31 | 15.5 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| 1999 | STL | 16 | 72 | 50 | 22 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 8.00 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
| 2000 | DEN | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 61 | 15.2 | 36T | 1 | 0 |
| 2001 | DEN | 06 | 03 | 03 | 00 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00 | 0.00 | 00 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | GB | 06 | 03 | 02 | 01 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00 | 0.00 | 00 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | BUF | 15 | 05 | 02 | 03 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00 | 0.00 | 00 | 0 | 0 |
| Career | | 91 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 108 | 12.9 | 36 | 1 | 0 |
# Birdsedge

Birdsedge (or Birds Edge) is a small village in the borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England, on the edge of Yorkshire's Pennine Hills, standing just below 1,000 feet (305 m) above sea level. It is approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-east from Huddersfield and about 4 miles (6 km) north-west from Penistone, between the villages of Shepley and Upper Cumberworth and is linked with the neighbouring hamlet of High Flatts, a former Quaker settlement (and still home to a Friends Meeting House).
Though originally an area of upland farms, woollen weaving and stone quarries, it is now a dormitory village for nearby towns and cities of Huddersfield, Barnsley, Sheffield, Wakefield and Leeds. Although the village has no industry it hosts Birdsedge First School, Birdsedge Wesleyan Reform Church and Birdsedge Village Hall. A mill operates in the village, part of the Z Hinchliffe mill complex located in the nearby village of Denby Dale.

## Name

Multiple spellings of the village's name exist. Local residents tend to spell it as Birdsedge, while Kirklees (local authorities) spell it as 'Birds Edge'. Until the 1980s, the road sign at the north end of the village proclaimed Birds Edge, while approaching from the south, although there was no village sign, the road sign on the A629 proclaimed Birdsedge. In the village Post Office's guide: 'Postal Addresses and Index to Postcode Directories' of May 1983, it is listed as Birdsedge.

## History

Until the 17th century, the village was mostly isolated farms. A group of Quakers founded a Meeting in High Flatts, renovating a barn and building several houses nearby. The Dickinsons lived in the area of High Flatts and Ingbirchworth until around 1900, when some residents moved to nearby towns to find work outside of the textile trade. The Dickinson family prospered and the community developed under the Quakers for 200 years.
Around 1880, James Dickinson (born 1867), son of Joseph Dickinson (born 1837), moved to Brampton Bierlow to work in the coal mines and farms. By that time, the mill at Birdsedge was a major employer in the area. The majority of 19th century stone cottages housed workers who had moved from outlying areas to find employment. By this time several shops, including a post office, and two or three pubs had opened. The school (then in the building that became the village hall) was founded in the 1870s by the Quakers. It was replaced by the New Council School (now the First School) in 1911.
Today the village has about 170 houses and a population of 350.

## Culture

Birdsedge hosts an annual festival on the first Saturday in July, featuring family entertainment, music and dance performances from the national and international folk scene. It has hosted folk concerts in the Village Hall since 1983.
# Billy Lewis (footballer, born 1923)

William Lewis (4 July 1923 — 27 July 2013) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as an outside forward. He made 59 appearances in the Football League during spells with Cardiff City and Newport County.

## Career

Born in Cardiff, Lewis began his career with his hometown club Cardiff City. He joined the club during wartime in 1941, resulting in his professional debut coming six years later in a 6–2 victory over Northampton Town in January 1947. However, he struggled to establish himself in the first team and, after making ten league appearances, he was allowed to join Newport County soon after. He scored 11 goals in 49 league appearances for Newport before dropping out of professional football.
# Birmingham Student Housing Co-operative

Birmingham Student Housing Co-operative is a student housing cooperative in the United Kingdom, providing affordable self managed housing for the co-operative's nine student members. The co-operative was the first operational student housing co-operative in the UK when it opened in June 2014.
The co-operative manages a property on Pershore Road in Selly Oak, Birmingham. The property is leased from The Phone Co-op who acquired the property on behalf of the Housing Co-operative through its 'Co-operative and Social Economy Development Fund'. The co-operative is a member of Students for Cooperation, a federation of student co-operatives across the UK, alongside the UK's two other operating student housing co-operatives, Edinburgh Student Housing Co-operative and Sheffield Student Housing Co-operative.

## Progress

Since its opening in June 2014, Birmingham Student Housing Co-operative has charged students a relatively low price for accommodation whilst making significant improvements to the property. Whilst many of these improvements have been made by the tenants or friends of the tenants living within it or hired professionals using their own co-op's budget, other improvements have only been possible so quickly with financial contributions for home improvements from The Phone Co-op.
As of December 2016, improvements include: converting part of the huge lounge into a reasonably sized eighth bedroom, converting an unused garage into a large ninth bedroom, erecting a greenhouse, erecting a shed, installing a curtain rail and curtains in the lounge, installing shelving in the lounge-kitchen-bedrooms, installing a large raised bed in the garden and re-building a garden wall.

## Tenancy applications

Birmingham Student Housing Co-operative opens applications at least twice per year to find new students that wish to live in the co-op. The application process consists of filling out an application form and a visit to the co-op by the applicant. Selection of new tenants is a transparent and democratic process, involving all of the current tenants living in the co-op.
# Bischofite

Bischofite is a hydrous magnesium chloride mineral with formula MgCl$_2$·6H$_2$O. It belongs to halides and is a sea salt concentrate. It contains many macro- and micro-elements vital for human health, in much higher concentrations than can be found in sea or ocean salt. The main bischofite compound is magnesium chloride (up to 350 g/L), moreover, it contains about 70 other elements as impurities, including potassium, sodium, bromine, boron, calcium, silicon, molybdenum, silver, zinc, iron and copper.

## History

Bischofite is named in honor of German geologist Gustav Bischof (1792–1870). Its discovery (1877) is attributed to Carl Christian Ochsenius.
At its type locality bischofite it an evaporite formed in an ancient seabed, which was deposited more than 200 million years ago, during the Permian Period. Its composition can be explained by high content of magnesium chloride in the primordial ocean.
In 1930–1950, vast bischofite deposits were discovered near the Volga River in Russia. The mineral is mined by dissolving an underground dry mineral stratum with artesian water. The resulting brine is pumped out.

## Deposits

Bischofite deposits differ by their composition: some of them are salt basins where bischofite is mixed with other minerals such as carnallite, halite, kieserite and anhydrite. These are the so-called bischofite containing rocks which have pink-brown-yellow and orange-red colors. They contain 36–58% of bischofite. Carnallite deposits are known in Staßfurt, Germany – where bischofite was first discovered, and carnallite is one of the most important minerals in potassium salt deposits (Solykam deposit, Ural, Russia). Sub-surface bischofite layers were also discovered in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, China and the US.
There are bischofite-rich deposits with concentrations of 93–96% of the mineral. One of those rare deposits is located in the Volgograd region of Russia. Another one was found in 1990s in the Poltava region in Ukraine. This is one of the deepest (2.5 km [1.6 mi]) and oldest bischofite deposits.

## Applications

Bischofite has many applications ranging from construction materials (tile, stone) to agriculture (preplant seeds, plant processing during vegetation period), oil extraction (for grouting and solidifying mortars), medical and chemical industry (production of magnesium metal).
Bischofite is used in form of compresses to treat joint diseases such as arthritis, rheumatic fever osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, radiculitis, calcaneal spur and traumas, especially in rehabilitation centers in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, and Lithuania. Bischofite is also applied in gel form.
Bischofite is used in the production of the industrial Sorel cement and synthetic carnallite. Bischofite solution is applied to deice roads, similar to sodium chloride, but it is less corrosive. It is also used in agriculture, veterinary medicine and cattle breeding to increase the crop yield and treat animals.
# 2019 Football Championship of Zhytomyr Oblast

The 2019 Football Championship of Zhytomyr Oblast was won by Zviahel Novohrad-Volynskyi.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Zviahel Novohrad Volynskyi (C) | 15 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 58 | 11 | +47 | 37 |
| 2 | Mal Korosten | 15 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 46 | 19 | +27 | 35 |
| 3 | Polissia Stavky | 15 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 39 | 22 | +17 | 32 |
| 4 | Polissia Horodnytsia | 15 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 29 | 15 | +14 | 27 |
| 5 | FC Berdychiv | 15 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 33 | 28 | +5 | 23 |
| 6 | Ahrolaif Popilnia Raion | 15 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 22 | 37 | −15 | 17 |
| 7 | Arsenal-DLH Ovruch | 15 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 18 | 41 | −23 | 10 |
| 8 | Budivelnyk Hranitne | 15 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 18 | 54 | −36 | 3 |
| 9 | Keramik Baranivka (W) | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 43 | −36 | 0 |
# 2019 Football Championship of Ternopil Oblast

The 2019 Football Championship of Ternopil Oblast was won by Ahron-OTH Velyki Haï.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Ahron-OTH Velyki Haï (C) | 14 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 29 | 8 | +21 | 32 |
| 2 | Nyva Terebovlia | 14 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 25 | 14 | +11 | 26 |
| 3 | Ahronyva-TNPU Ternopil | 14 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 28 | 15 | +13 | 25 |
| 4 | Zbruch-Ahrobiznes Pidvolochysk | 14 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 28 | 21 | +7 | 22 |
| 5 | Krystal Chortkiv | 14 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 22 | 17 | +5 | 21 |
| 6 | FC Berezhany | 14 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 16 | 26 | −10 | 12 |
| 7 | FC Kopychyntsi | 14 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 12 | 28 | −16 | 11 |
| 8 | DYuSSh-Ternopil | 14 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 12 | 43 | −31 | 4 |
# 2019 Football Championship of Zaporizhzhia Oblast

The 2019 Football Championship of Zaporizhzhia Oblast was won by Motor Zaporizhzhia.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Motor Zaporizhzhia (C) | 20 | 18 | 1 | 1 | 108 | 8 | +100 | 55 |
| 2 | Tavria-Skif Rozdol | 20 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 78 | 21 | +57 | 50 |
| 3 | Portovyk Mariupol | 20 | 11 | 1 | 8 | 32 | 36 | −4 | 34 |
| 4 | Melitopolska chereshnia Melitopol | 20 | 6 | 1 | 13 | 27 | 53 | −26 | 19 |
| 5 | Ahro Kom 1990 Polohy | 20 | 3 | 1 | 16 | 17 | 76 | −59 | 10 |
| 6 | FC Berdiansk | 20 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 15 | 83 | −68 | 9 |
# Bite Club

Bite Club may refer to:
* Bite Club (comics), a Vertigo comic book mini series created by Howard Chaykin and David Tischman
* Bite Club (TV series), an Australian crime thriller television series
# Black Memory

Black Memory is a 1947 British crime film directed by Oswald Mitchell and starring Michael Atkinson, Myra O'Connell and Michael Medwin. It featured the first screen appearance of Sid James, known for the Carry On films. Also making her film acting debut in Black Memory was the Welsh-born actor, playwright, screenwriter and film director Jane Arden.

## Premise

When his father is wrongly convicted and hanged for murder, son Danny poses as a juvenile delinquent, and ten years later manages to clear his father's name.

## Cast

* Michael Atkinson as Danny Cruff
* Myra O'Connell as Joan Davidson
* Michael Medwin as Johnnie Fletcher
* Sid James (credited as Sydney James) as Eddie Clinton
* Frank Hawkins as Alf Davidson
* Jane Arden as Sally Davidson
* Winifred Melville as Mrs. Davidson
* Michael Conry as Carl Broach
* Betty Miller as Mrs. Cruff
* Arthur Brander as Rutford
* Gerald Pring as Hawkins, the headmaster
* Valerie Hulton as Miss Philpotts
* Maurice Nicholas as Johnnie, as a boy
* Malcolm Sommers as Danny, as a boy

## Critical reception

TV Guide wrote: "Weak story, poor dialog; everyone's just kiddin' around"; while Mystery File wrote: "it’s only in bits and pieces and occasional places that the plot rises above the purely pedestrian. If I were Leonard Maltin, the best I could give this movie would be 1½ stars out of five and I still think I’d be just a little bit generous if I did. Nonetheless, its historical significance is high, so I was glad to have had the opportunity to have seen it, and you may too."
# 2019 Booker Prize

The 2019 Booker Prize for Fiction was announced on 14 October 2019. The Booker longlist of 13 books was announced on 23 July, and was narrowed down to a shortlist of six on 3 September. The Booker Prize was awarded jointly to Margaret Atwood for The Testaments and Bernardine Evaristo for Girl, Woman, Other. This was the first time the prize was shared since 1992, despite a rule change banning joint winners.

## Judging panel

* Peter Florence (chair)
* Liz Calder
* Xiaolu Guo
* Afua Hirsch
* Joanna MacGregor

## Nominees
### Shortlist

| Author | Title | Genre(s) | Country | Publisher |
| Margaret Atwood | The Testaments | Novel | Canada | Vintage, Chatto & Windus |
| Bernardine Evaristo | Girl, Woman, Other | Novel | UK | Hamish Hamilton |
| Lucy Ellmann | Ducks, Newburyport | Novel | USA/UK | Galley Beggar Press |
| Chigozie Obioma | An Orchestra of Minorities | Novel | Nigeria | Little Brown |
| Salman Rushdie | Quichotte | Novel | UK/India | Jonathan Cape |
| Elif Shafak | 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World | Novel | UK/Turkey | Viking |

### Longlist

| Author | Title | Genre(s) | Country | Publisher |
| Margaret Atwood | The Testaments | Novel | Canada | Vintage, Chatto & Windus |
| Kevin Barry | Night Boat to Tangier | Novel | Ireland | Canongate Books |
| Oyinkan Braithwaite | My Sister, the Serial Killer | Novel | UK/Nigeria | Atlantic Books |
| Lucy Ellmann | Ducks, Newburyport | Novel | USA/UK | Galley Beggar Press |
| Bernardine Evaristo | Girl, Woman, Other | Novel | UK | Hamish Hamilton |
| John Lanchester | The Wall | Novel | UK | Faber & Faber |
| Deborah Levy | The Man Who Saw Everything | Novel | UK | Hamish Hamilton |
| Valeria Luiselli | Lost Children Archive | Novel | Mexico/Italy | Fourth Estate |
| Chigozie Obioma | An Orchestra of Minorities | Novel | Nigeria | Little Brown |
| Max Porter | Lanny | Novel | UK | Faber & Faber |
| Salman Rushdie | Quichotte | Novel | UK/India | Jonathan Cape |
| Elif Shafak | 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World | Novel | UK/Turkey | Viking |
| Jeanette Winterson | Frankissstein | Novel | UK | Jonathan Cape |
# Birnam, Gauteng

Birnam is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

## History

The suburb has its origin in 1905, of 14ha and 105 stands.$^{:67}$ Like most suburbs in the area, it is of Scottish origin, named for Birnam Woods.$^{:67}$