OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bahal

Bahal may refer to:
* Bahal, Cambodia
* Bahal, India
* Bahal, Indonesia, a village in North Sumatra, Indonesia
** Bahal temple, an 11th-century Buddhist temple in Bahal, Indonesia
* Bahal, Iran
* Bahal, Nepal, a type of courtyard
* Bahal Tambunan, Indonesian geoscientist
* Seniehun or Bahal, Sierra Leone
* Te Bahal, the largest bahal (courtyard) in Kathmandu, Nepal
* Bahal, an alcoholic drink that is a precursor to the bahalina palm wine of the Philippines
# Grewia tiliifolia

Grewia tiliifolia (syn. Grewia damine) is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae sensu lato. A tree reaching 8 m (26 ft), it is found in monsoon and intermediate forest gaps and fringes of Sri Lanka, where the plant is known as "daminiya" in Sinhala and "chadachchi" in Tamil. It is also found in Pakistan (Sind, Punjab), India (Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Peninsula), Nepal and Southeast Asia. Grewia tiliifolia is used in traditional medicine, using bark and roots for fractures, diarrhoea and skin diseases. Its wood is used for tool handles. The fruit is edible.
# Dorcadiopsis planipennis

Dorcadiopsis planipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Dorcadiopsis. It was described by Müller in 1941.
# Czechoslovakia at the 1978 European Athletics Championships

Czechoslovakia sent 82 athletes to the 1978 European Athletics Championships which took place 29 August–3 September 1978 in Prague. Czechoslovakia won five medals at the Championships.

## Medalists

| Name | Event |
| Karel Kolář | Men's 400m |
| Helena Fibingerová | Women's shot put |
| Josef Lomický František Brečka Miroslav Tulis Karel Kolář | Men's 4 × 400 m relay |
| Imrich Bugár | Men's discus |
| Jarmila Nygrýnová | Women's long jump |
# Earl Rhodes

Earl Rhodes (born July 1962) is an English former television and cinema actor, who was active professionally from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s.

## Acting career

Rhodes first appeared on British television at the age of 14 years old in the British Broadcasting Corporation series I, Claudius (1976), playing Emperor Augustus's grandson Gaius Caesar. The same year he played Chief in the film The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea, opposite Sarah Miles and Kris Kristofferson.
In 1978 he played the character of 'Willi Frisch' in two episodes of the science-fiction television series The Tomorrow People in a storyline concerning Nazi Germany during World War II. He also had a role in The Medusa Touch, starring Richard Burton, and appeared in the 1982 Vietnam war film How Sleep the Brave.
In the mid-1980s he appeared on British television in several roles. He played the character of 'Jiff' in the mini-series Johnny Jarvis (1983); appeared in the television film Thank You, Mrs. Clinkscales (1984), and played role of 'Kennard', a schoolboy in a television mini-series dramatisation of Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1984). He also acted in the role of 'Ben Golding' in several episodes of the medical soap opera The Practice (1985).
In 1985 he played the biggest role of his career as 'Dudley', the schoolboy rival of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes's early years, in the cinema film Young Sherlock Holmes.
In the late 1980s he appeared in the role of 'Foxton' in the Cambridge University based historical comedy television series Porterhouse Blue (1987).

## Post-acting life

In the 1990s Rhodes abandoned professional acting and moved into television production as a cameraman.
From 2000 to 2003, Rhodes was the director of the United Kingdom Falun Gong Association. In 2002 Rhodes was arrested in Beijing, and he was detained for questioning by the Chinese police for activities related to the Falun Gong religious movement in China. He was subsequently deported to the United Kingdom by the Chinese government.
# Bahçelik Dam

Bahçelik Dam is a rockfill dam on the Zamanti River in Kayseri Province, Turkey, built between 1996 and 2002. It is still in use.
# Greg Healy

Greg Healy (born 16 September 1965) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the VFL/AFL. His brother Gerard was a Brownlow Medallist.
"Sugar" Healy's rise to the senior ranks at Melbourne were helped when he won the 1983 Morrish Medal for the season's best player in the VFL's Under-19 competition. A rover, he made his debut for the Demons the following season and in 1986 won their best and fairest award and topped their goalkicking. In 1988 he was appointed Melbourne's youngest ever captain at just 22 years of age. In his first year in charge he led the club to their first Grand Final since 1964, but they were defeated by Hawthorn.
Healy gave up the captaincy to Garry Lyon at the end of 1990. He suffered a season ending knee injury in round 3 against St Kilda in 1991 which resulted in a knee reconstruction. Healy returned and played on for the next two years, spending the majority of 1993 in the reserves, where he was part of the reserves 1993 premiership. He was delisted at the end of the 1993 season and was left unselected in the 1993 AFL Draft.

## Playing statistics

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) |
| Season | Team | No. | Games | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T |
| 1984 | Melbourne | 33 | 16 | 25 | 24 | 230 | 63 | 293 | 63 | — | 1.6 | 1.5 | 14.4 | 3.9 | 18.3 | 3.9 | — |
| 1985 | Melbourne | 33 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 83 | 27 | 110 | 32 | — | 1.0 | 0.7 | 11.9 | 3.9 | 15.7 | 4.6 | — |
| 1986 | Melbourne | 33 | 17 | 35 | 24 | 290 | 106 | 396 | 68 | — | 2.1 | 1.4 | 17.1 | 6.2 | 23.3 | 4.0 | — |
| 1987 | Melbourne | 33 | 23 | 29 | 27 | 347 | 181 | 528 | 90 | 41 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 15.1 | 7.9 | 23.0 | 3.9 | 1.8 |
| 1988 | Melbourne | 33 | 22 | 13 | 16 | 318 | 157 | 475 | 81 | 36 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 14.5 | 7.1 | 21.6 | 3.7 | 1.6 |
| 1989 | Melbourne | 33 | 21 | 24 | 22 | 311 | 177 | 488 | 90 | 29 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 14.8 | 8.4 | 23.2 | 4.3 | 1.4 |
| 1990 | Melbourne | 33 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 162 | 104 | 266 | 46 | 14 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 12.5 | 8.0 | 20.5 | 3.5 | 1.1 |
| 1991 | Melbourne | 33 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 47 | 12 | 59 | 9 | 0 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 15.7 | 4.0 | 19.7 | 3.0 | 0.0 |
| 1992 | Melbourne | 33 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 119 | 89 | 208 | 40 | 10 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 18.9 | 3.6 | 0.9 |
| 1993 | Melbourne | 33 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 69 | 64 | 133 | 20 | 6 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 16.6 | 2.5 | 0.8 |
| Career | Career | Career | 141 | 167 | 146 | 1976 | 980 | 2956 | 539 | 136 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 14.0 | 7.0 | 21.0 | 3.8 | 1.3 |
# Bayley Island

Bayley Island is one of the West Wellesley Islands, on the eastern side of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, Australia. It is within the Shire of Mornington.

## Geography

The island is located 2.72 kilometres (1.69 mi) northwest of the mainland, and less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of Pains Island.
Bayley Point lies opposite the island on the mainland.
# Amalgamated Association of Brass Turners, Fitters, Finishers and Coppersmiths

The Amalgamated Association of Brass Turners, Fitters, Finishers and Coppersmiths was a trade union representing brassfounders and people in related trades in the United Kingdom.
The union was founded in 1912 with the merger of ten local unions. These were based in Aberdeen, Belfast, Bury, Derby and Burton, Dundee, Greenock and Port Glasgow, Glasgow, Manchester, Nottingham, and Oldham. Together, they brought 2,600 members into the new union.
The Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE) put out a call for other unions to amalgamated with it, and the Brass Turners was one of seventeen unions which balloted its members on the proposal. The vote was passed, and in 1920 it merged with the ASE and eight other unions to form the Amalgamated Engineering Union.
# John II, Count of Holstein-Kiel

John II, nicknamed the one-eyed (1253–1321) was the ruling count of Holstein-Kiel from 1263 to 1316.

## Life

He was younger of the two sons of Count John I, from the Kiel line of the House of Schauenburg.
He divided the county with his uncle, Count Gerhard I of Holstein-Itzehoe and his elder brother, Count Adolphus V of Holstein-Segeberg, meant to be the secundogeniture for Holstein-Kiel. John II received the area between the Kiel Fjord and the sources of the Alster and the Pinnau. He took up residence at Kiel Castle. He was a hapless ruler.
In 1308 his second-born son Adolphus VII succeeded John II's brother Adolphus V in Holstein-Segeberg. After the violent death of his two sons, Adolphus VII and Christopher in 1313 and 1315 respectively, his grand-nephews John III of Holstein-Plön and Gerhard III of Holstein-Rendsburg appropriated most of his territory. He lived until his death from the revenues of the city of Kiel and its surroundings.
His nickname refers to an accident where he lost the sight in one eye after an unfortunate throw of a chicken bone by his court jester.

## Seal

The seal depicted at the top of this article reads: S(IGILLUM)*IOHANNIS*COMITIS*HOLTZATIE "Seal of John, Count of Holstein"

## Marriage and issue

He married Margaret, the daughter of King Christopher I of Denmark and had two sons with her:
* Christopher died in 1313, due to a fall from a window of the count's castle under unexplained circumstances
* Adolphus VII, succeeded his uncle Adolphus V in 1308 as count of Holstein-Segeberg, meant to be Kiel's secundogeniture, he was slain in his bed in 1315 by a group of knights led by Hartwig Reventlow personally at feud with him
John II, Count of Holstein-Kiel House of SchauenburgBorn: 1253 Died: 1321 :
| Preceded byJohn Ias Count of Holstein-Kiel | Count of Holstein-Kiel 1263-1316 with his brother Adolphus V (1263-1273) | Succeeded byAdolphus Vas Count of Holstein-Segeberg (newly partitioned) |
| Preceded byAdolphus VIIas Count of Holstein-Segeberg (reverted) | Count of Holstein-Kiel 1263-1316 with his brother Adolphus V (1263-1273) | Succeeded byJohn IIIas Count of Holstein-Kiel |
* This article about a member of the German nobility is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Charles F. Shaw

Charles Frank Shaw Jr. (born September 15, 1943) is an American businessman and former winery owner whose name is used for Charles Shaw wine, a brand of inexpensive table wines.
Born in Michigan, Shaw graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point with a B.S. degree in 1965 and was commissioned as a United States Air Force officer. After leaving active duty as a captain in 1969, he graduated from the Stanford Graduate School of Business with an M.B.A. degree in 1971 and became an investment banker in Houston, Texas. He became enamored of Beaujolais wine while living in Europe and moved to Napa Valley in 1974 to start a winery. In 1991 Shaw and his wife divorced and sold his original Charles Shaw label to Fred Franzia's Bronco Wine Company. The label had a good reputation, so Bronco used the name to market an inexpensive table wine.
Shaw moved to Chicago, Illinois, and found employment there working for the healthcare software company Heartbase. In 2003, he announced he was considering starting a winery in southwestern Michigan. He did so, founding Oerther Vineyard, which specializes in Riesling.
Shaw is conductor Robert Shaw's second cousin.
# Dwite H. Schaffner

Dwite H. Schaffner (November 5, 1889 – November 22, 1955) was a soldier in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War I.

## Biography

Schaffner was born in Arroyo, Pennsylvania, on November 5, 1889, and died November 22, 1955. He is buried in Rose Hill Burial Park Akron, Ohio.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, U.S. Army, 306th Infantry, 77th Division. Place and date: Near St. Hubert's Pavilion, Boureuilles, France, September 28, 1918. Entered service at: Falls Creek, Pa. Birth: Arroya, Pa. G.O. No.: 15, W.D., 1923.
Citation:
   He led his men in an attack on St. Hubert's Pavillion through terrific enemy machinegun, rifle, and artillery fire and drove the enemy from a strongly held entrenched position after hand-to-hand fighting. His bravery and contempt for danger inspired his men, enabling them to hold fast in the face of 3 determined enemy counterattacks. His company's position being exposed to enemy fire from both flanks, he made 3 efforts to locate an enemy machinegun which had caused heavy casualties. On his third reconnaissance he discovered the gun position and personally silenced the gun, killing or wounding the crew. The third counterattack made by the enemy was initiated by the appearance of a small detachment in advance of the enemy attacking wave. When almost within reach of the American front line the enemy appeared behind them, attacking vigorously with pistols, rifles, and handgrenades, causing heavy casualties in the American platoon. 1st Lt. Schaffner mounted the parapet of the trench and used his pistol and grenades killing a number of enemy soldiers, finally reaching the enemy officer leading the attacking forces, a captain, shooting and mortally wounding the latter with his pistol, and dragging the captured officer back to the company's trench, securing from him valuable information as to the enemy's strength and position. The information enabled 1st Lt. Schaffner to maintain for 8 hours the advanced position of his company despite the fact that it was surrounded on 3 sides by strong enemy forces. The undaunted bravery, gallant soldierly conduct, and leadership displayed by 1st Lt. Schaffner undoubtedly saved the survivors of the company from death or capture.
# Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited

Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited (HOCL) is an Indian central public sector undertaking based in Mumbai. It was established in 1960 to indigenize manufacture of basic chemicals and to reduce country’s dependence on import of vital organic chemicals. Its products are Phenol, Acetone, Nitrobenzene, Aniline, Nitrotoluenes, Chlorobenzenes & Nitro chlorobenzenes. Basic Organic Chemicals includes Pesticides, Drugs & Pharmaceuticals, Dyes & Dyestuffs, Plastics, Resins & Laminates, Rubber Chemicals, Paints, Textile Auxiliaries & Explosives. The company is under the ownership of Government of India and administrative control of Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. Hindustan Organic Chemicals has two units in Rasayani and in Kochi.
# Grigore Brișcu

Grigore Brișcu (1884 in Bârlad – 1965 in Bucharest) was a Romanian engineer and inventor.

## Biography

At age 19, he enrolled in the National School of Bridges and Roads in Bucharest. While pursuing his engineering degree, he took some technical courses in Paris and also earned a law degree from the University of Iași.

## Inventor of the helicopter

In 1909, Brișcu was the first engineer to begin experimenting with the cyclic variation of rotor blade pitch to ensure horizontal flight and stability in helicopters. He invented a prototype "air-carriage" with all the features of a helicopter-like flying-machine: horizontal, vertical and lateral movement and fixed-point landing. It was equipped with two coaxial propellers rotating in opposite directions. This was flown experimentally by the French aviator Paul Cornu, who built a prototype with an Antoinett engine. The Brișcu rotary engine was patented by the Romanian Office for Inventions (patent no. 2323/2046 of 1912).
# Alpout, Bilasuvar

39°33′39″N 48°11′21″E﻿ / ﻿39.56083°N 48.18917°E﻿ / 39.56083; 48.18917
Alpout is a village in the Bilasuvar Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Joseph Chandler House

The Joseph Chandler House, built c. 1800, is the oldest house in Centreville, New Castle County, Delaware. Centreville developed along the Kennett Pike (Delaware Route 52) starting about 1811, with its houses facing toward the pike. Nevertheless, the Chandler house faces south, away from the pike.
Dr. Joseph P. Chandler, who built the house, used it as a residence and an office. The house was later acquired by the Gregg, Carpenter and du Pont families. William S. Potter bought the house in 1935 and added brick and stone wings to the original stone house.
The house was listed by the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, at the same time the nearby Centreville Historic District, Mt. Airy School No. 27, and Carpenter-Lippincott House were also listed.
# John II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein

John II of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (born: 1419; died: 9 May 1480) was a son of Adolph II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein and his wife Margarete of Baden, a daughter of Margrave Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden en Anna of Oettingen. After his father's death in 1426, he ruled Nassau-Wiesbaden and Nassau-Idstein.

## Marriage and issue

In 1437, he married Mary (1418–1472), daughter of Engelbert I of Nassau. They had the following children:
* Maria (1438–1480), married in 1452 to Louis II of Isenburg
* John (1439–1480)
* Margarete (d. 1486)
* Anna (d. 1480), married in 1466 Otto II of Solms-Braunfels
* Adolf III (1443–1511), his successor in Nassau-Wiesbaden
* Bertha (b. 1446)
* Engelbert (1448–1508)
* Philip (1450–1509), his successor in Nassau-Idstein
* Anna
After his death, the inheritance was divided: Adolf III received Wiesbaden; Philip received Idstein. When Philip died childless in 1509, Idstein reverted to Adolf.
John II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein House of NassauBorn: 1419 Died: 9 May 1480 :
| Preceded byAdolph II | Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein 1426–1480 | Succeeded byAdolf IIIas Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden |
| Preceded byAdolph II | Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein 1426–1480 | Succeeded byPhilipas Count of Nassau-Idstein |
* This article about a German count is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Cynthia Griffin Wolff

Cynthia Griffin Wolff (née Griffin; August 20, 1936 – July 25, 2024) was an American literary historian and editor known for her biographies of Edith Wharton and Emily Dickinson. She was the Class of 1922 Professor of Humanities at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

## Biography

Cynthia Griffin Wolff was born on August 20, 1936, in St. Louis, Missouri. She was the daughter of Eunice (née Heyn) and Sears executive James T. Griffin. She studied at Hathaway Brown School and Radcliffe College (where she obtained a BA in 1958). Wolff later moved to Harvard University, where, in addition to studying at Harvard Medical School, she obtained a PhD in English in 1965; her dissertation was titled The Puritan Sources of Richardson's Psychological Realism.
Wolff worked as an assistant professor at Manhattanville College and later at University of Massachusetts, Amherst, before being promoted by the latter to professor in 1976. While working at UM Amherst, she published two books: Samuel Richardson (1972) and A Feast of Words: The Triumph of Edith Wharton (1977).
In 1980, Wolff moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she became Class of 1922 Professor of Humanities in 1985. In 1984, Wolff received an American Council of Learned Societies Grant-In-Aid for a project called "The life of Emily Dickinson". In 1986, Wolff published Emily Dickinson, a biography of Emily Dickinson. Wolff worked on a third biography, focusing on Willa Cather, but it was abandoned and remained unpublished at the time of her death.
In 1997, she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. Wolff retired in 2003.
Wolff has also edited at least four books: Other Lives (1973), Classic American Women Writers (1980), The House of Mirth (1985), and Four Stories by American Women (1990).
Wolff was married twice. Her first marriage, to political philosopher Robert Paul Wolff, lasted from 1962 until their divorce in 1986. She married Nicholas J. White in 1988; the couple divorced in 2019. She had two children from her first marriage, chess grandmaster Patrick Wolff and legal scholar and LGBT activist Tobias Barrington Wolff.
Wolff died on July 25, 2024, at the age of 87.
# Dwip Char

Dwip Char is a village in Barisal District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.
# Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited

Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited (HNGIL) is an Indian container glassmaker based in Kolkata. The company is the largest and one of the oldest glass manufacturing companies in India.

## History

Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited is engaged in manufacturing and selling of container glass The company was originally incorporated on 23 February, under the name of "Hindustan National Glass Manufacturing Company Limited". On 22 November 1971 the name was changed to the present one. In 2018, it is reported to have barely escaped bankruptcy.

## Products

The company manufactures containers for pharmaceuticals, liquor, beer, beverages, cosmetics and processed food.
# British embossed postage stamps

The adhesive embossed postage stamps of the United Kingdom, issued during the reign of Queen Victoria between 1847 and 1854 exhibit four features which are unique to this issue:
* The method of production of the dies used for the printing
* The use of silk threaded paper (on two of the values)
* The method of printing (one stamp at a time)
* The use of tinted gum (on the six pence value)

## Issue dates

Three values of the octagonal stamps were introduced to cover higher foreign and registered postal charges on the following dates:
1 Shilling (green) - 11 September 1847, 10d (brown) - 6 November 1848, 6d (mauve/lilac/purple) - 1 March 1854
The 1 shilling was the first British postage stamp to bear a value above 2d.

## Embossing

The dies used for this type of printing have the embossed, (raised), portions of the stamp design cut away, (recessed), into the metal. The colourless detail as appears on the hair and diadem are achieved by variations in the depth of the engraving.

## The dies

The master die was engraved by William Wyon using as his basis the City medal of 1837 which he had also engraved. (This was the same model used for the head engraved on the Penny Black).
The original master die did not show the pendant curl at the back of the hair and was not used in this form on the postage stamps, although it was used at the Royal Mint for coinage.
From this master, a series of sub-dies were made and the curl added to the back of the hair. As such the curl differs on each value. Also added to the dies, after the outer design had been completed, was a die number. This takes the form of a number with the letters W W either before or after and appears at the base of the neck of Queen Victoria.

## Paper

For the ten pence and one shilling values, Dickinson silk thread paper was used. The threads are blue and are embedded into the paper at the time of manufacture.
The paper used for the six pence value was watermarked with the letters V R which were arranged so that it appeared complete on each impression.

## Tinted gum

Tinted gum was introduced on the six pence value following a printing which was made in error on the gummed side of the paper. Prior to the introduction of the tinted gum, it was colourless.

## Printing

The presses used for the embosses dies, allowed for only one stamp to be printed at a time. This method of production meant that the spacing on the sheets varied from wide spacing, (which is uncommon), to very narrow which is why examples with four margins are rare. In some cases the impressions were impressed overlapping each other by quite a large amount.
The stamps were embossed, (printed), at Somerset House. Early collectors would often cut the stamps to shape retaining only the embossed central design and cut square examples are much more valuable.

## Replacement

In 1856 after the European postage rate was reduced the stamps were replaced by surface printed issues.