OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Buffalo Woman Lake

Buffalo Woman Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Buffalo Woman Lake is east of Eaglehead Mountain and .60 miles (0.97 km) south of Beaver Woman Lake.
The name, Buffalo Woman Lake, was officially approved by the United States Geographic Board (now known as the United States Board on Geographic Names) on March 6, 1929. The name Buffalo Woman was recommended by Howard A. Noble, General Manager of the Glacier Park Hotel, and approved by the National Park Service. According to the Geographic Board's decision card, the name is associated with the Native American tribe known as the Blackfeet.
# 24-n-Propylcholestane

24-n-Propylcholestane is a sterane biomarker molecule often found in marine source rocks. It is a C$_{30}$ molecule, meaning that it is composed of thirty carbon atoms, and is one of the leading ways to distinguish a marine source rock from a terrigenous sample. It is composed of three six-carbon rings and one five-carbon ring, with two methyl groups and one eleven carbon side chain. 24-n-Propylcholestane has a molar mass of 414.76 g/mol.
24-n-Propylcholestane is a sterane, which are derived from sterols after being buried in the sediment. Sterols turn into steranes by saturating the sterol's double bond and removing the alcohol group. Steranes are fairly stable, and are often found in source rocks and crude oils.
24-n-Propylcholestane is derived from 24-n-propylcholesterol, which is made in the modern ocean by Chrysophyte algae. Because of its known modern creator, it is thought that traces of 24-n-propylcholestane in ancient sediments were likely produced by older algaes of the same order Chrysophyte. The marine algae is consumed by marine invertebrates, and so 24-n-propylcholesterols are also found in invertebrates, despite not being produced by them. Regardless of which organism is observed containing 24-n-propylcholesterols, the molecule originated from Chrysophyte algae.
The ratio of 24-n-propylcholestanes to 24-iso-propylcholestanes is used as an indicator for the presence of sponges.

## Detection

In sediments, sterane biomarkers are found as a mixture of stereoisomers. It can be difficult to separate out a specific stereoisomer, as is necessary for the detection of solely 24-n-propylcholestane. Because of this, 24-n-propylcholestane can be fairly difficult to detect using gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS). It has a m/z of 414 and a secondary peak at 217, and can be easily confused for a different group of C$_{30}$ molecules, 4ɑ-methylsteranes.
# Bugsworth Basin

Bugsworth Basin is a canal basin at the terminus of the Peak Forest Canal at Buxworth (formerly Bugsworth) in the valley of the Black Brook, close to Whaley Bridge. It was once a busy interchange with the Peak Forest Tramway, for the transport of limestone and burnt lime.
Work on the restoration of the derelict Bugsworth Basin, a Scheduled Ancient Monument since 1977, commenced in 1968. Volunteers of the Inland Waterways Protection Society (IWPS) helped by the Waterway Recovery Group (WRG) and many locals restored parts of this important site over three decades. The IWPS obtained a 50-year lease in 1992, which allowed them to restore, manage and operate the basin. Funding for the improvements came from British Waterways, the European Regional Development Fund and a Derelict Land Grant from Derbyshire County Council. The basin was reopened to boats at Easter 1999, and a significant increase in the use of the canal occurred. However, this was the first time that powered boats had used the basin, and the dry-stone walling with clay puddling deteriorated rapidly. Walls collapsed, there were several near breaches, and a breach resulted in the basin closing again in October 1999. British Waterways restored pedestrian access to the basin by carrying out emergency repairs.
In 2005 the basin reopened to boat traffic after a £1.2 million restoration, undertaken by British Waterways working with the IWPS. Work included sealing the bottom of the basin to stop leakage, stonework repair and environmental measures to conserve the site's protected water vole population. Although restoration and reopening of the basin has been achieved, waterways enthusiasts want to make future improvements and developments. These include an interpretative exhibition about Bugsworth's history and reopening part of the tramway.
Bugsworth Basin was officially reopened on 26 March 2005 when 94 narrowboats attended the opening ceremony. The opening was performed by Tom Levitt, the then member of parliament for High Peak.
The basin is on the fringe of the Peak District National Park and the purpose of the restoration was to develop this industrial heritage site as a tourist centre.
# Buleus

In Greek mythology, Buleus (Ancient Greek: Βουλεύς) was the Thespian son of Heracles and Elachia, daughter of King Thespius of Thespiae.

## Mythology

Buleus and his 49 half-brothers were born of Thespius' daughters who were impregnated by Heracles in one night, for a week or in the course of 50 days while hunting for the Cithaeronian lion. Later on, the hero sent a message to Thespius to keep seven of these sons and send three of them in Thebes while the remaining forty, joined by Iolaus, were dispatched to the island of Sardinia to found a colony.
# Buloba

Buloba is an urban area in Wakiso District in the Buganda Region of Uganda. The area is primarily a middle-class residential neighborhood.

## Location

Buloba is on the tarmacked Kampala–Mityana Road. It is approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi), by road, west of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. The coordinates of Buloba Main, immediately north of Buloba Police Station are 0°19'30.0"N, 32°27'26.0"E (Latitude:0.325000; Longitude:32.457222). Buloba lies at an average elevation of 1,170 metres (3,839 ft), above sea level.

## Overview

Buloba is divided into four administrative zones, from east to west: (a) Buloba ku Mwenda ("Buloba Nine Miles"), approximately 9 miles (14 km) west of Kampala (b) Buloba Kasero, about 10.5 miles (17 km) west of Kampala (c) Buloba Main, about 12 miles (19 km) west of Kampala and (d) Buloba Kiweesa, about 14 miles (23 km) west of Kampala. The neighborhood of Buloba has an estimated size of 1,295 hectares (3,200 acres) or 13 km2.
When the Uganda Oil Refinery is built, it is anticipated that Hoima–Kampala Petroleum Products Pipeline, the refined petroleum products will be piped to a location near Buloba, for distribution within Kampala and other towns such as Entebbe.

## Points of interest

Buloba Police Station, an establishment of the Uganda Police Force, is located in "Buloba Main". Health facilities include Buloba Health Centre and Lynaset Health Care Services.
The neighborhood also hosts Buloba High School, Buloba Teacher's Training College, Buloba Vocational Institute and a campus of Africa Renewal University. Kasero Church of Uganda and St. Peter Catholic Church are also located here.
# Bulungu (mammal)

Bulungu is an extinct genus of bandicoot-like mammal from Oligo-Miocene deposits of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, and the Etadunna Formation, Australia. It was first named by Gurovich et al. (2013) and the type species is Bulungu palara. Two additional species, Bulungu campbelli and Bulungu minkinaensis, were also described in 2013. Bulungu muirheadae is the oldest fossil bandicoot recovered to date. An additional three species Bulungu minkinaensis, Bulungu pinpaensis, and Bulungu westermani were named by Travouillon, Beck & Case (2021) allowing for placement of the genus in the superfamily Yaraloidea.
# Bulimulus nucula

Bulimulus nucula is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Bulimulinae.
This species is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Bumblebee Conservation Trust

The Bumblebee Conservation Trust is an organisation in the UK that makes efforts to monitor and conserve bumblebees and their habitat.

## History

The Bumblebee Conservation Trust was established by Dave Goulson in 2006 with a grant of £49,900 from the Heritage Lottery Fund. There were serious concerns for the ‘plight of the bumblebees’, as the populations of bumblebees have significantly declined in the last 80 years - two UK species have become nationally extinct and several others have declined dramatically.
The charity has three main aims:
* Supporting the conservation of all UK bumblebees, whether they are rare or common.
* An increase in the awareness, understanding and education about bumblebees and the social, environmental and economic benefits they provide.
* Ensuring the trust is sustainable, effective, and responsive to the challenges ahead.
In 2012 the Bumblebee Conservation Trust launched its national Bees for Everyone project to raise public awareness of the threats bumblebees face and to help rare bumblebees through active conservation work to safeguard, restore and create habitats for them. This successful project formed partnerships and has since evolved into new projects. Four of these projects focus on the two rarest bumblebee species in the UK, the shrill carder-bee and the great yellow bumblebee. The fifth project, 'Pollinating the Peak', has spread into the Midlands and focuses on the bilberry bumblebee. The final ongoing project is the reintroduction of the short-haired bumblebee, which has previously gone extinct in the UK.
* The ecologist Dave Goulson founded the Bumblebee Conservation Trust in 2006.
* One of the Trust's projects is to save the rare great yellow bumblebee in Britain.

## Structure

The Bumblebee Conservation Trust is a charitable organisation registered with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator and Charity Commission for England and Wales. The Trust has over 9,000 members.
Its main office is in Scotland, located at the University of Stirling and it has a registered office in Eastleigh, near Southampton. The Trust also has a number of conservation staff based remotely across the UK in the areas where the UK's rarest bumblebees occur.
# 3047 Goethe

3047 Goethe, provisional designation 6091 P-L, is a bright background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 24 September 1960, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named after German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

## Orbit and classification

Goethe is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–2.7 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,569 days; semi-major axis of 2.64 AU). Its orbit has a low eccentricity of 0.03 and a low inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar in September 1960. In May 2156, it will pass at 7,440,000 km (0.0497 AU) from the asteroid 29 Amphitrite at a relative velocity of 1.66 km/s.

## Physical characteristics

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Goethe measures 5.846 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a notably high albedo of 0.362. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of Goethe has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.

## Palomar–Leiden survey

The survey designation "P-L" stands for Palomar–Leiden, named after Palomar Observatory and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroid discoveries.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after German poet and playwright Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 29 September 1985 (M.P.C. 10045). The Goethe Basin on Mercury was also named in his honor.
# 304 BC

Year 304 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sophus and Saverrio (or, less frequently, year 450 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 304 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Greece

* Demetrius shows ingenuity in devising a new siege engine: a wheeled siege tower named Helepolis (or "Taker of Cities"), which stands 40 meters tall and 20 meters wide and weighs 180 tons.
* The Siege of Rhodes ends after a year.
* Demetrius Poliorcetes and the Rhodians come to a truce, with the agreement that the city should be autonomous, should keep its own revenue and that the Rhodians should be allies of Antigonus unless he is at war with Ptolemy.
* Antigonus then concludes a peace treaty and an alliance with the island state, guaranteeing it autonomy and neutrality in his conflicts with Ptolemy.
* Cassander invades Attica and besieges Athens. He captures the island of Salamis off the coast of Athens.
* Demetrius Poliorcetes invades mainland Greece for Asia-Minor, drives Cassander out of central Greece and liberates Athens. In return, the Athenians bestow on him a new religious honour, synnaos (meaning "having the same temple") of the temple of the goddess Athena.

#### Roman Republic

* The second Samnite war formally ends with a peace agreement in which the Samnites obtain peace on terms that are severe but not as crushing as those agreed by the Romans with the Etruscans four years earlier. Under the peace, Rome gains no territory, but the Samnites renounce their hegemony over Campania. Rome is also successful in ending the revolts amongst the tribes surrounding Roman territory.

#### Sicily

* The tyrant Agathocles takes on the title of King of Sicily. He extends his influence into southern Italy and the Adriatic.

#### India

* The Mauryan emperor Chandragupta defeats Seleucus I Nicator as he tries to invade India.

## Births

* Ashoka, Indian emperor and ruler of the Maurya Empire in present-day Eastern India 268–232 BC (d. 232 BC)
* Erasistratus, Greek anatomist and physician (approximate date)

## In popular culture

* 450 Ab urbe condita is the starting year for the Imperator: Rome grand strategy computer game.
# 2043 Ortutay

2043 Ortutay, provisional designation 1936 TH, is a dark asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 45 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered by Hungarian astronomer György Kulin at the Konkoly Observatory, Budapest, on 12 November 1936. It was named after Hungarian ethnographer Gyula Ortutay.

## Classification and orbit

Ortutay orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (1,999 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.
The asteroid was first identified as A908 QB at Heidelberg Observatory in August 1908, extending the body's observation arc by 28 years prior to its official discovery observation at Konkoly.

## Physical characteristics

Ortutay has been characterized as an X-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey. The body's low albedo suggest that it is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.

### Rotation period

In December 2013, a rotational lightcurve of Ortutay was obtained from photometric observations by astronomer Kim Lang at the Klokkerholm Observatory in Denmark. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 7.7475 hours with a brightness variation of 0.44 magnitude (U=3-).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Ortutay measures between 42.13 and 54.117 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0317 and 0.05.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0423 and a diameter of 44.69 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.8.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in memory of Hungarian Gyula Ortutay (1910–1978), a professor of ethnography and Hungarian politician, who fostered the popularization of astronomy. In the late 1940s, he was Hungary's Minister of Religion and Education. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 February 1980 (M.P.C. 5183).
# Bure Wemberma

Bure Wemberma was one of the 105 woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Bure Wembera was divided into Bure and Wemberma woredas.

## History

Its name was created from a combination of its largest town, Bure, and the historic district of Wemberma (also transliterated "Wombarma"), which lay north of the Abay River between its tributaries the Zingini and Fatam. Part of the Mirab Gojjam Zone, Bure Wemberma was bordered on the south by the Abay River which separated it from the Oromia Region, on the west by the Agew Awi Zone, on the north by Sekela, on the northeast by Jabi Tehnan, on the east by Dembecha, and on the southeast by the Misraq Gojjam Zone. Other towns in Bure Wemberma included Shendi. Bure Wembera was divided for Bure and Wemberma woredas.
Rivers in this woreda included the Kotlan.

## Demographics

Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 296,398, of whom 149,343 are men and 147,055 are women; 32,585 or 10.99% of its population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone average of 7.6%. With an estimated area of 2,207.20 square kilometers, Bure Wemberma has an estimated population density of 134.3 people per square kilometer, which is less than the Zone average of 174.47.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 214,714, of whom 107,131 were men and 107,583 were women; 18,814 or 8.76% of its population were urban dwellers. The four largest ethnic groups reported in Bure Wemberma were the Amhara (96.31%), the Oromo (2.36%), the Gumuz (0.64%) and the Awi (0.61%) a subgroup of the Agaw; all other ethnic groups made up 0.08% of the population. Amharic was spoken as a first language by 96.26%, 2.38% speak Oromiffa, 0.64% Gumuz, and 0.62% speak Awngi; the remaining 0.1% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 95.51% reporting that as their religion, while 4.68% were Muslim.
# 34th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

The 34th Division (第34師団, Dai-sanjūyon Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Camellia Division (椿兵団, Tsubaki Heidan). The Japanese Imperial Army 34th Division was raised as a triangular division on 2 July 1939 in Osaka, simultaneously with 32nd, 33rd, 35th, 36th and 37th divisions. Its manpower came primarily from Osaka and Wakayama prefecture. It was intended as a garrison force to maintain public order and to cover police duties in Japanese-occupied portions of central China,

## Action

The 34th division have left Osaka 3 April 1939 and arrived to Hankou 13 April 1939. Initially the 34th division was assigned to the Wuhan area under control of the Japanese 11th Army. In December 1939, it was transferred to Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi province, where it served as a garrison force. In 1940, it participated in the Battle of Zaoyang-Yichang. In March 1941, it participated in the Battle of Shanggao (part of Battle of Changsha (1941)), and from 24 December 1941 participated in Battle of Changsha (1942).
From 1 May to 1 July 1943, the division was reorganized and stripped of the majority of the transportation means.
Along with the rest of the 11th army, it was assigned 18 April 1944 under direct control of the China Expeditionary Army to participate in the Operation Ichi-Go, but as more of a reserve and garrison unit to consolidate and control territorial gains made during that operation, rather than as a front-line combat division. The 34th division had garrisoned Changsha and Yuelu Mountain pass during the battle, having combat starting from 29 April 1944. As part of the 20th Army it was involved in the Battle of West Hunan from April 1945. It meet the surrender of Japan 15 August 1945 outside of Jiujiang, on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province, while retreating to Nanjing.
16 September 1945, the division gathered in Pukou District of Nanjing. The railway transfer to Shanghai has started 15 January 1946, and was complete 30 January 1946. The demobilization have started 31 January 1946, while the exact dissolution date of 34th division is unknown.
# 21st Indian Infantry Brigade

The 21st Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II.

## History

It was converted from the Quetta Brigade in September 1940, and assigned to the 9th Indian Infantry Division. In March 1941, it was transferred to the 10th Indian Infantry Division and took part in the Anglo-Iraqi War in May 1941. The brigade then moved to Egypt and came under command British Eighth Army between July and November 1942. It returned to Iraq, assigned to the 8th Indian Infantry Division, in November 1942 and moved with to Damascus in March 1943. In September the division arrived in Taranto in southern Italy and the brigade remained with 8th Indian Division throughout the rest of the Italian Campaign apart from short attachments to the British 78th Infantry Division in November 1943, and the British 6th Armoured Division between April and May 1944.

## Formation

* 2nd Battalion, 10th Gurkha Rifles September 1940 to October 1941
* 2nd Battalion, 4th Gurkha Rifles September 1940 to March 1942
* 4th Battalion, 13th Frontier Force Rifles March 1941 to June 1942
* 3rd Battalion, 11th Sikh Regiment June 1941
* 157th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery June to July 1941
* 1st Battalion, Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry December 1941 to July 1942
* 1st Battalion, 6th Rajputana Rifles June to November 1942
* ?8th Gurkha Rifles June 1942 to January 1943
* 1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders July to August 1942
* 3rd Battalion, 7th Rajput Regiment September to December 1942
* 1st Battalion, 5th Mahratta Light Infantry November 1942 to August 1945
* 5th Battalion, Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment November 1942 to June 1945
* 3rd Battalion, 15th Punjab Regiment January to April 1943 and September 1943 to August 1945
* 1st King's Dragoon Guards August 1944
* 1st Battalion, Jaipur Infantry April to June 1945
* 9th Field Company, Indian Engineers June to July 1941

## Officers commanding

The following officers commanded the brigade during the war.
    Brigadier C.J. Weld (Sep 1940 - May 1942)
    Brigadier J.J. Purves (May 1942 - Mar 1943)
    Brigadier B.S. Mould (Mar 1943 - Aug 1945)
# Burrard baronets

There have been two baronetcies created for members of the Burrard family, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extinct.
* Burrard baronets of Walhampton (1769)
* Burrard baronets of Lymington (1807)
# Burrard baronets of Lymington (1807)

The Burrard baronetcy, of Lymington in the County of Southampton, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 12 November 1807 for Harry Burrard, a general in the British Army and Member of Parliament for Lymington. He was the nephew of the first Baronet of Walhampton and consequently in remainder to that title (see above for earlier history of the family).
His son, the second Baronet, was an admiral in the Royal Navy. The title became extinct on his death in 1870.

## Burrard baronets, of Lymington (1807)

* Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet (1755–1813)
* Sir Charles Burrard, 2nd Baronet (1793–1870)