OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Culverthorpe

Culverthorpe is a hamlet in the civil parish of Culverthorpe and Kelby, in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies 5 miles (8 km) south-west from Sleaford, 9 miles (14 km) north-east from Grantham and 3 miles (5 km) south-east from Ancaster.

## History

According to A Dictionary of British Place Names, the 'thorpe' in Culverthorpe derives from the Old Scandinavian for "outlying farmstead or hamlet", with 'Culver' the later added owner's name of uncertain origin.
In the Domesday account Culverthorpe is written as "Torp". The settlement was in the Aswardhurn Hundred of Kesteven, Lincolnshire.There were nine households, eight villagers, a priest and a church, four ploughlands and 120 acres (0.5 km$^2$) of meadow. Before the Conquest the lordship was held by Tonni of Lusby but afterwards by Gilbert of Ghent who also became Tenant-in-chief.
The hamlets of Heydour and Culverthorpe passed through various plantagenet owners during the reign of Henry III. The Grade I listed Culverthorpe Hall, together with its estate, farm, park and lake, was constructed in 1679 for the Newton family "in the Italian style" with later additions. In the reign of Charles II the house and estate descended to Sir John Newton, 2nd Baronet, MP for Grantham for 25 years, then to his son, another John, and then to his grandson Sir Michael Newton, Bt, appointed Knight of the Order of the Bath in 1725 and also MP for Grantham. On Sir Michael's death in 1743 the estate transferred to his sister, Susanna Archer, and through her to her issue and their siblings, who adopted the Newton name. The last Newton, another Michael, died in 1803, whereupon the house became untenanted. In the 20th century the estate transferred to the Dymoke branch of the family.
Culverthorpe is recorded in the 1872 White's Directory as a village and township in the parish of Haydor (Heydour), with a population of 101 in 846 acres (3.4 km$^2$) of land. Culverthorpe land was owned by J. A. Houblon [John Archer-Houblon (1803-1891)] of Hallingbury Place [demolished 1926, at Great Hallingbury] in Essex. Culverthorpe Hall was unoccupied in 1872, but its owner and lord of the manor derived the house from his grandfather, "the last of the Newtons". The chapel built by the Newtons was disused, and there were "no traces of the ancient chapel, dedicated to St Bartholomew". The principal inhabitants of Culverthorpe in 1872 were three farmers, one of whom was also a carpenter and builder.
Culverthorpe was formerly a chapelry in the parish of Haydor, in 1866 Culverthorpe became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1931 the parish was abolished and merged with Kelby to form "Culverthorpe and Kelby". In 1921 the parish had a population of 81.
The chapel dedicated to St Bartholomew once stood in the hamlet, its pews later being added to the church of St Andrew at Kelby.
# E. Glen Wever

Ernest Glen Wever (October 16, 1902–September 4, 1991) was an American experimental psychologist known for his elucidation of hearing in vertebrates, ranging from the biomechanical functioning of the cochlea to the neural coding of sound and the evolutionary biology of hearing.

## Biography

Born in Benton, Illinois, Wever earned an M.A. in experimental psychology at Harvard in 1924, followed by a Ph.D. in 1926, working on visual perception. He was recruited to a faculty position at UC Berkeley but left after one year to join Princeton's psychology department, where he remained for his entire career, rising to full professor in 1941. It was at Berkeley, however, that he first began thinking about auditory science. He soon made contact with researchers at Bell Telephone Laboratories who were able to provide him with necessary electrical equipment: sound-level meters, amplifiers, and audio oscillators. At Princeton, in an early achievement of note, Wever and Charles Bray discovered that electrodes wrapped around the exposed auditory nerve of a (sedated) cat could transmit through a telephone wire an understandable replica of conversation in the room. Although Wever and Bray misinterpreted the signal as the action potential of the auditory nerve, the effect was real. This so-called cochlear microphonic is still used today as a measure of cochlear function. Wever and Bray subsequently recorded true action potentials, resulting in, among other discoveries, the now-accepted volley theory of frequency coding.
Wever's laboratory studied hearing mechanisms in organisms ranging from 1 gram lizards to 200 kilogram dolphins, including notable studies on turtles, snakes, and bats (which he caught himself). He was said to have little or no interest in social or other activities that might distract him from his research. A term as chair of Princeton's psychology department brought him no joy. Still, he was married to Suzanne Rinehart Wever, an accomplished musician. Wever's 1949 book, "Theory of Hearing" became a primary source of information for generations of acoustic investigators. He completed books on "The Reptile Ear" (1978) and "The Amphibian Ear" (1985), but never finished the third in the trilogy, which was to be on the fish ear.

## Awards and honors

Wever received many awards and honors, including the inaugural award of the Howard Crosby Warren Gold Medal from the Society of Experimental Psychologists, a prize later awarded to B.F. Skinner, Karl Lashley, and Georg von Békésy.
# Ain't No Limit

"Ain't No Limit" is the first single from Mystikal's second studio album titled Unpredictable. It features fellow No Limit rapper, Silkk the Shocker. The song was minor success peaking at #63 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks.

## Chart positions

| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks | 63 |
# Carlos Espinosa de los Monteros y Bernaldo de Quirós

Carlos Espinosa de los Monteros y Bernaldo de Quirós, 4th Marquess of Valtierra (born 1944) is a Spanish peer, executive and civil servant. He is the father of politician Iván Espinosa de los Monteros.

## Biography

He was born on 18 March 1944 in Madrid. He is son of Francisco Javier Espinosa de los Monteros y Herreros de Tejada and Galinda de la Guardia Bernaldo de Quirós y Alcalá Galiano. Through his father, he is grandson of Carlos Espinosa de los Monteros y Bermejillo [es], a prominent military officer and diplomat, and grandnephew of Eugenio Espinosa de los Monteros y Bermejillo [es], Ambassador to Nazi Germany. Through his mother he is grandson of Jesús Bernaldo de Quirós [es], MP and Grandee of Spain, and Consuelo Alcalá-Galiano y Osma, Lady to the Queen, and great-grandson of Emilio Alcalá Galiano, Minister of State during the reign of Alfonso XII.
He obtained a degree in law at the Complutense University of Madrid (1965) and in Business Administration at the ICADE (1966), and later an MBA at Northwestern University. He joined the Corps of Commercial Technicians of the State in 1969. On 30 March 1970, Espinosa de los Monteros married María Eugenia de Simón y Vallarino, whom he has had 5 children with, including Beltrán, CFO of Stradivarius, and Iván (b. 1971), Vice-Secretary for Foreign Relations of the far-right party Vox.
He served as vice-president of the Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI). Espinosa de los Monteros became Chairman of Iberia and Aviaco in 1983, leaving both posts in March 1985. He inherited the nobiliary title of Marquess of Valtierra from his father in 1985. From 1988 to 2009 he served as chairman and CEO of Mercedes Benz Spain. In March 1992 he was elected president of the Círculo de Empresarios [ca] ("Circle of Businessmen") as substitute of José Joaquín de Ysasi-Ysasmendi [es], serving in this capacity until 2000.
In 2012, Espinosa de los Monteros—serving by the time as vice-president of Inditex—was appointed by the Government of Mariano Rajoy to the post of High Commissioner for the 'Marca España' ("Brand Spain"), tasked with the representation of private firms abroad through financement from funds of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was sworn in on 12 July 2012. Following the accession of Pedro Sánchez to the post of Prime Minister in June 2018, he was removed from office in October 2018. with the High Commissariat replaced by the Secretariat of State for Global Spain.

## Decorations

* Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit (2009)
* Sash of the Order of the Aztec Eagle (2015)
* Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (2018)

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Carlos Espinosa de los Monteros y Bernaldo de Quirós :
# Lectionary 9

Lectionary 9, designated by sigla ℓ 9 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering). It is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th-century.

## Description

The codex is a lectionary, it contains lessons from the Gospels: John, Matthew, Luke (Evangelistarium). It is written in Greek minuscule letters, on 260 parchment leaves (30 cm by 23.8 cm), 2 columns per page, 24 lines per page. It contains music notes.

## History

The manuscript once belonged to Colbert, as lectionaries ℓ 7, ℓ 8, ℓ 10, ℓ 11, ℓ 12. It was examined and described by Wettstein, Scholz, and Paulin Martin. It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Wettstein. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.
The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament of UBS (UBS3).
The codex now is located in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (Gr. 307) at Paris.
# Duke Xian

Duke Xian may refer to these rulers from ancient China:
* Duke Xian of Qi (died 851 BC)
* Duke Xian of Qin (725–704 BC)
* Duke Xian of Jin (died 651 BC)
* Duke Xian of Qin (424–362 BC)
# 2010 Nagasaki gubernatorial election

A gubernatorial election was held on 21 February 2010 to elect the next governor of Nagasaki (山口県, Nagasaki-ken), a prefecture of Japan in northwestern area of the island of Kyushu.

## Candidates

Genjiro Kaneko was the 65-year-old incumbent. He was first elected in 1998, but decided to retire and supported his vice-governor Hōdō Nakamura.
The candidates were:
* Hōdō Nakamura, vice-governor, endorsed by LDP and Komeito.
* Tsuyoshi Hashimoto, endorsed by DPJ, PNP and SDP.
* Atsushi Ōnita, 52, professional wrestler, former member of the House of Councillors for the LDP.
* Reiko Oshibuchi.
* Takao Fukamachi, supported by the JCP.
* Masahiko Yamada, dissident of DPJ.
* Mitsuyuki Matsushita.

## Results

Nagasaki gubernatorial 2010 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal Democratic | Hōdō Nakamura | 316,603 | 45.29 | 21.18 |
| | Democratic | Tsuyoshi Hashimoto | 222,565 | 31,84 | n/a |
| | | Atsushi Ōnita | 98,200 | 14,05 | n/a |
| | | Reiko Oshibuchi | 30,902 | 4,42 | n/a |
| | Communist | Takao Fukamachi | 21,291 | 3,05 | 2.05 |
| | Democratic | Masahiko Yamada | 6,634 | 0,95 | n/a |
| | | Mitsuyuki Matsushita | 2,889 | 0,41 | n/a |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 705.465 | 60,08 | 7.81 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,174,280 | | |
| | Liberal Democratic hold | Liberal Democratic hold | Swing | 21.18 | |
# Earle (given name)

Earle is an English given name, and may refer to:
* Earle Bergey (1901–1952), American illustrator
* Earle Birney (1904–1995), Canadian poet; recipient of the Governor General's Award for Literature
* Earle Brown (1926–2002), American composer
* Earle Bruce (1931-2018), former American college football coach
* Earle Childs (1893–1918), American soldier who died during World War I
* Earle Combs (1899–1976), American Major League Baseball player
* Earle Hagen (1919-2008), American composer
* Earle Hyman (1926-2017), American actor
* Earle Labor (1928-2022), American historian; biographer of Jack London
* Earle Bradford Mayfield (1881–1964), American politician; United States Senator
* Earle "Greasy" Neale (1891-1973), American football & baseball player & coach
* Earle Nelson (1897-1928), American serial killer, rapist, and necrophile
* Earle Ovington (1879–1936), American aeronautical engineer, aviator and inventor; "Official Air Mail Pilot #1"
* Earle Page (1880–1961), Eleventh Prime Minister of Australia
* Earle Swensen (died 1996), American businessman
* Earle S. Warner (1880–1971), New York politician and judge
# Donald Johnstone

Donald Johnstone may refer to:
* Donald Johnstone (canoeist) (born 1963), New Zealand slalom canoer
* Donald Campbell Johnstone (1857-1920), British judge in India
* D. Bruce Johnstone (born 1941), American educator
# Aristotelia amelanchierella

Aristotelia amelanchierella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Annette Frances Braun in 1925. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Oklahoma, Utah, Washington and West Virginia.
The larvae feed on Amelanchier alnifolia.
# Ahmed Mukhtar

Ahmed Mukhtar Arabic, أحمد مختار (born 1967) is an Iraqi musician who is internationally renowned for his playing of the oud. He was born in Baghdad and is a graduate of the Institute of Fine Arts in Baghdad.

## Discography

* The Road to Baghdad 2005 — New Maqams from Iraq
* Rhythms Of Baghdad 2003 — Ahmed Mukhtar & Sattar al-Saadi
* Words from Eden 1999 — Oud music from Iraq
* Tajwal 1997 LIVE — Recital on Oud
# Carinacaris

Carinacaris is an extinct genus of penaeid shrimps in the family Penaeidae. There is one described species in Carinacaris, C. teruzzii.
# Lectionary 96

Lectionary 96, designated by siglum ℓ 96 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on paper leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 16th century.

## Description

The codex contains lessons from the books of New Testament lectionary (Evangelistarion, Apostolos) with some lacunae at the beginning and end. It is written in Greek minuscule letters, on 171 paper leaves (21.8 cm by 14.5 cm). The writing stands in one column per page, 25 lines per page. It contains short Menologion.

## History

The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz. It was examined and described by Paulin Martin. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1885.
The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3).
Currently the codex is located in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Suppl. Gr. 115) in Paris.
# Dwight Township, Michigan

Dwight Township is a civil township of Huron County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 708 at the 2020 census.

## Communities

* The village of Kinde is located on the boundary between Dwight Township and Lincoln Township, with about half of the village in both. A small portion of the village is within Meade Township.
* Glencoe is an unincorporated community on the Township's border with Huron Township at Verona and Day Roads. It had a post office from 1901 to 1914.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.7 square miles (92 km$^2$), of which 35.7 square miles (92 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km$^2$) (0.06%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 930 people, 354 households, and 248 families residing in the township. The population density was 26.1 inhabitants per square mile (10.1/km$^2$). There were 402 housing units at an average density of 11.3 per square mile (4.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.60% White, 0.11% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.32% Asian, and 0.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.11% of the population.
There were 354 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $35,000, and the median income for a family was $38,698. Males had a median income of $31,607 versus $15,865 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,598. About 7.3% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.
# Don McKay (actor)

Don McKay (January 28, 1925 – December 26, 2018) was an American actor, dancer and singer.
McKay was born in Buttermilk Hill, West Virginia.
He played in musicals like Make a Wish and Top Banana in 1951, and West Side Story in 1958 and 1964, as well as Show Boat in 1959 and On the Town in 1963.
McKay began teaching voice in Connecticut in 1957 and acting in regional theater there.
# Cycling at the 2015 European Games – Men's cross country

The men's cross-country cycling event at the 2015 European Games in Baku took place at Mountain Bike Velopark on 13 June.

## Result

| Rank | Rider | Nation | Time |
| | Nino Schurter | Switzerland | 1:41:04 |
| | Lukas Flückiger | Switzerland | 1:41:17 |
| | Fabian Giger | Switzerland | 1:41:37 |
| 4 | Gerhard Kerschbaumer | Italy | 1:42:50 |
| 5 | Ondřej Cink | Czech Republic | 1:43:38 |
| 6 | Sergio Mantecón Gutiérrez | Spain | 1:43:59 |
| 7 | Carlos Coloma Nicolás | Spain | 1:44:08 |
| 8 | Maxime Marotte | France | 1:44:28 |
| 9 | Marco Aurelio Fontana | Italy | 1:45:11 |
| 10 | David Rosa | Portugal | 1:45:12 |
| 11 | Martin Loo | Estonia | 1:46:21 |
| 12 | Marek Konwa | Poland | 1:47:36 |
| 13 | Jordan Sarrou | France | 1:48:16 |
| 14 | Gregor Raggl | Austria | 1:48:16 |
| 15 | Matthias Wengelin | Sweden | 1:48:17 |
| 16 | Sergji Rysenko | Ukraine | 1:48:37 |
| 17 | Zsolt Juhász | Hungary | 1:48:56 |
| 18 | Shlomi Haimy | Israel | 1:49:18 |
| 19 | Arnis Pētersons | Latvia | 1:50:04 |
| 20 | Emil Lindgren | Sweden | 1:51:00 |
| 21 | Hugo Drechou | France | 1:51:33 |
| 22 | Christian Helmig | Luxembourg | 1:51:38 |
| 23 | Sven Nys | Belgium | 1:52:31 |
| 24 | Sondre Kristiansen | Norway | LAP |
| 25 | Abdülkadir Kelleci | Turkey | LAP |
| 26 | František Lami | Slovakia | LAP |
| 27 | Dimitrios Antoniadis | Greece | LAP |
| 28 | Michal Lami | Slovakia | LAP |
| 29 | Anders Bregnhøj Jensen | Denmark | LAP |
| 30 | Gregor Krajnc | Slovenia | LAP |
| 31 | Jukka Vastaranta | Finland | LAP |
| 32 | Filip Turk | Croatia | LAP |
| 33 | Lucian Logigan | Romania | LAP |
| 34 | Andreas Miltiadis | Cyprus | LAP |
| 35 | Demir Mulić | Montenegro | LAP |
| 36 | Aleksa Crnčević | Bosnia and Herzegovina | LAP |
| 37 | Besik Gavasheli | Georgia | LAP |
| 38 | Agshin Ismayilov | Azerbaijan | LAP |
| | José Antonio Hermida | Spain | DNF |
| | Michiel van der Heijden | Netherlands | DNF |
| | Andrea Tiberi | Italy | DNF |
| | Jeff Luyten | Belgium | DNF |
| | Orkhan Mammadov | Azerbaijan | DNF |
# Chamaecrypta

Chamaecrypta is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae.
Its native range is Southern Africa.
Species:
# Carinacea

The infraclassis Carinacea includes most living species of regular sea urchin, and fossil forms going back as far as the Triassic.

## Taxonomy

List of orders according to World Register of Marine Species:
* Superorder Calycina
** Order Phymosomatoida†
** Order Salenioida
* Superorder Echinacea
** Order Arbacioida (Gregory, 1900)
** Order Camarodonta (Jackson, 1912)
** Order Stomopneustoida (Kroh & Smith, 2010)
** Family Glyphopneustidae Smith & Wright, 1993†
* Family Hemicidaridae Wright, 1857†
* Family Orthopsidae Duncan, 1889†
* Family Pseudodiadematidae Pomel, 1883†
* Phymosoma granulosum (Phymosomatoida)
* Salenocidaris hastigera (Salenioida)
* Arbacia lixula (Arbacioida)
* Paracentrotus lividus (Camarodonta)
* Stomopneustes variolaris (Stomopneustoida)
* Hemicidaris intermedia (Hemicidaridae)
* Acrocidaris nobilis (Pseudodiadematidae)
# Dömsöd

Dömsöd is a village in Pest county, Hungary.
# Don McIver

Lieutenant General Donald Stuart McIver, CMG, OBE, (22 January 1936 – 22 August 2016) was a New Zealand military officer who was the Chief of the General Staff (1987–1989) and the director of the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (1991–1999).
During the Vietnam War he served as the 2IC of the final regiment of combined Australian and New Zealand infantry, 4 RAR/NZ (ANZAC) of the 1st Australian Task Force in 1971.
In the 1981 New Year Honours, McIver was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. He was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1995 Queen's Birthday Honours.
# Østbanegade

Østbanegade is a street in Copenhagen, Denmark. It begins at Østerport Station on Oslo Plads and continues north along the west side of the railway tracks for about 2 kilometres to Aarhusgade where an underpass connects the street to the other side of the railway line. A second underpass is situated at Nordre Frihavnsgade, just south of Nordhavn station, while a foot and cycle bridge is found at Mandalsgade near the beginning of the street.
Trondhjems Plads (English: Trondheim Square) is a garden square occupying a triangular space between Østbanegade and Trondhjemsgade.

## History

The layout of the street was decided in connection with the plans for the new Coast Line in 1893. It was named after Østbanegården (English: The East Station), now Østerport station, which opened in 1897. The new Free Port was inaugurated on reclaimed land on the other side of the planned railway in November 1894. Construction of the street began in 1895. The street first crossed the former glacis outside Kastellet and then followed the old coast line to the Old Limery. Further it passed Øresund Chemical Factories which had opened in 1859 after professor Hans Peter Jørgen and Julius Thomsen had established a process for manufacturing soda from cryolite, obtained from the west coast of Greenland. The plant existed until 1990.

## Notable buildings and residents

Glacispalæet (No. 1, literally "The Glacis Mansion") was built between 1900 and 1903 to a design by Andreas Clemmesen. It formerly served as headquarters of the engineering company Monberg & Thorsen. No. 5–7 (Glacispalais, 1903) and No. 9 are stately residential buildings. The street then passes Trondhjems Plads, a garden square which occupies a rectangular space between Østbanegade and Trondhjemsgade. It affords views of the rear side of Domus Medica. Glacisgården at No. 11 was designed by Aage Langelannd-Mathiesen and completed in 1904. It is a rare example of influence from vienese Jugendstyle on Danish architecture. Gefion and Gylfe (No. 19 and 21) are two apartment buildings connected by am archway across Mandalsgade. It was completed in 1902 to a design by Philip Smidth.
Østerbro Fire Station (No. 99) was designed by Ludvig Fenger and completed in 1901.

## Public art

In the garden complex on Trondhjems Plads is Carl Johan Bonnesen's equestrian statue of Diana. It was installed on the square in 1909 as a gift from Carl Jacobsen. The underpass and outer wall of the raised railway at the end of Nordre Frihavnsgade is decorated with Ib Spand Olsen's illustrations from his childhood memoirs from Østerbro.

## Transport

The S-train stations Østerport station and Nordhavn station are located on the street. Østerport Station will also be the site of a station on the City Circle Line of the Copenhagen Metro.

## Image gallery

* First part of the street
* No. 11: Glacisgaarden
* No. 21: Gylfe, now the Irish Embassy in Copenhagen
# Bars of Iron

Bars of Iron is a 1920 British silent drama film directed by F. Martin Thornton and starring Madge White, Rowland Myles and Joseph R. Tozer. It was based on a 1916 novel The Bars of Iron by Ethel M. Dell.

## Cast

* Madge White as Avery Denys
* Rowland Myles as Piers Evesham
* Joseph R. Tozer as Dr. Lennox Tudor
* Leopold McLaglen as Eric Denys
* Olga Conway as Ina Rose
* Eric Lankester as Sir Beverley Evesham
* Sydney Lewis Ransome as Rev. Lorimer
* Gertrude Sterroll as Mrs. Lorimer
* Gordon Webster as Dick Guyes
* J. Edwards Barker as Crowther