OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Atkins (naval surgeon)

John Atkins (1685–1757) was an English naval surgeon and writer.

## Biography

Atkins received his professional education as a surgeon's apprentice, and immediately entered the navy. He records wounds which he treated in Sir George Rooke's victory off Málaga in 1704. In 1707 he was in some small actions with the French in the Channel, and in 1711, he served in the man-of-war HMS Lion at the battle of Vigo Bay. The ship was commanded by Captain Galfridus Walpole, whose right arm was severely wounded. Atkins cut it off above the elbow and sat up two whole nights with the patient afterwards, ‘supposing a tenderness and respect would engage his good opinion and consequently his interest.’ This interested attention did not gain its object, for Captain Galfridus gave no thanks for it, being, as Atkins bitterly observes, ‘the reverse of his brother (Sir Robert), loving cheapness in all jobs’ (Navy Surgeon, 137).
In February 1721, Atkins sailed from Spithead for the coast of Guinea with the Swallow and the Weymouth, sent to put down piracy on the west coast of Africa. They visited Sierra Leone, Wydah, the Gaboon, Elmina, and captured at Cape Lopez 270 pirates and 10,000l. in gold dust. When the pirates were tried, Atkins was made registrary, and complains that for twenty-six hard days' work he only received as many pounds.
Three or four of the crew died every day for six weeks, and the surgeon became purser for lack of another survivor fit for the office. They sailed to Brazil and the West Indies, where at Port Royal a hurricane carried off the masts. In April 1723 the vessels returned to England and were paid off. Atkins was unsuccessful in getting another ship, and took to writing books.

### Publishing

Atkins published two books, both of which have had more than one edition. The ‘Navy Surgeon’ was published first (1732). It is a general treatise on surgery, with remarks on mineral springs, empirics, amulets, and infirmaries. It shows the author to have been an observant but somewhat prejudiced practitioner. The cases are clearly related, and are the best part of the book. Many surgical books are quoted, and enough of other books to show that Atkins was widely read. Horace, Juvenal, Pope, and Milton were known to him, and he admired also Stephen Duck. This book appeared in a shorter form as ‘A Treatise on the following Chirurgical Subjects,’ &c., without date.
Atkins was one of the earliest scientists to be a proponent of the polygenist theory of human origins. In his book A Voyage to Guinea (1723) he said "I am persuaded that the black and white race have sprung from different coloured parents."
In 1735 he published A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, and the West Indies. This describes the voyage of the Swallow and the Weymouth, the slave trade and the natural history of the Gold Coast. He describes the manatee accurately, and tells much about fetish worship. He shows that there was no evidence of a general cannibalism in any tribe, but mentions how the captain of a slave ship made an enslaved African eat the liver of another as a punishment. An edition of the ‘Navy Surgeon’ in 1742 contains several additions.
# Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen

Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen (Tibetan: རྗེ་བཙུན་གྲགས་པ་རྒྱལ་མཚན, Wylie: rje btsun grags pa rgyal mtshan) (1147–1216) was a Tibetan spiritual leader and the third of the Five Sakya Patriarchs (sa skya gong ma rnam lnga) of Tibet. He was also the guru of the famous Sakya Pandita.
# Andrea Spyropoulos

Andrea Spyropoulos, RGN, SCM, RNT, is a British nurse, clinical strategist and a past president of the Royal College of Nursing (RCN).

## Early life and education

Born in Liverpool, her career started with nursing and has spanned a number of disciplines including midwifery, academia and the planning and development of new hospital projects. She obtained a number of academic degrees, i.e. a BA in Health Studies, an LLB (Hons) in Law and an LLM degree in Medical Law. She furthermore received a Diploma in Professional Studies in Nursing (DPSN) and qualified as a Registered General Nurse (RGN), a State Certified Midwife (SCM) and a Registered Nurse Teacher (RNT).

## Career

Spyropoulos trained as a nurse at the former Royal Liverpool United Hospitals Group in 1976. She has more than 30 years nursing experience, including working as a Midwife and then a senior lecturer at Liverpool John Moores University, teaching Health Care and later Medical Law.
She worked on the trust board of Clatterbridge Centre for Oncology for 9 years as a non-executive director. During her term she chaired Independent Panel Reviews and the Research Governance Committee as well as sitting on the performance, audit, investment and remuneration committees. She stepped down from this role on 31 January 2007.
In 2003, she joined Health Care Projects Social Infrastructure. Now working as a Clinical Strategist, she provides expert clinical advice to hospital design teams.

## Work with the Royal College of Nursing

Spyropoulos became a member of the Royal College of Nursing when she was 18. Appointed as a steward in 1988, since that time she has held a number of other unpaid roles within the organisation including positions as Safety Representative, Council Member and chair of Nursing Practice and Policy Committee before being elected to the role of president in 2010. She has represented the RCN in several fora, including at its Congress events and notably also at conferences hosted in the UK Parliament's House of Commons.
Spyropoulos thanked RCN members and colleagues stating that she was "really looking forward to representing the RCN and its members at the highest level.". A month later she represented the RCN at the European Parliament's 'EU Public Health Alliance'.
# Karin Enström

Karin Märta Elisabeth Enström (born Landerholm 23 March 1966) is a Swedish politician of the Moderate Party. She has served as Secretary-General of the Moderate Party since October 2022 and has been Member of the Riksdag since the 1998 general election, representing Stockholm County. She served as Minister for Defence in the cabinet of Fredrik Reinfeldt from 2012 to 2014. She is an Amphibious Corps officer by profession.

## Political career

Enström has been a member of the Riksdag since 1998, representing Stockholm County. She was a member of the Defense Committee from 2002 to 2010, serving as its Chairman from 2008. After the 2010 general election she was appointed as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and was also a member of the War Delegation and the Foreign Policy Council. Enström was commissioned as an officer in 1987, passed the Royal War College (Kungliga Krigshögskolan) common course in 1988, and its higher course in 1993. She currently holds the rank of captain in the Swedish Amphibious Corps. She has been a member of the City Council of Vaxholm since 1994 and was chairman of the council from 2002 to 2006.

## Other activities

* European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Member of the Council

## Personal life

Enström is the daughter of surgeon general Staffan Landerholm and Olena (born Tingdahl). Her older brother, Henrik Landerholm, is serving as Sweden's National Security Advisor since 2022 and was Sweden's Ambassador to Riga from 2013 to 2017 and Sweden's Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates from 2017 to 2021. Her sister, Louise Landerholm Bill, is married to Per Bill. Her niece, Alice Landerholm, is chairman of the Moderate School Youth since 2023.
She is married to Anders Enström, a lieutenant colonel in the Amphibious Corps employed at the Navy Tactical Staff Headquarters. She has three children.
# Hosby

Hosby may refer to several places:

## Denmark

* Hosby, Denmark, village in Hedensted Municipality, Central Denmark Region

## Estonia

* Hosby, Lääne-Nigula Parish, village in Lääne-Nigula Parish, Lääne County
* Hosby, Vormsi Parish, village in Vormsi Parish, Lääne County
# Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung

The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research in Dresden (German: Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden) – in short IFW Dresden – is a non-university research institute and a member of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community. It is concerned with modern materials science and combines explorative research in physics, chemistry and materials science with technological development of new materials and products.

## Research

The IFW’s research program is jointly set up and implemented by scientists of the different IFW institutes. It comprises the following five research areas:
* Superconductivity & superconductors
* Magnetism and magnetic materials
* Molecular Nanostructures and Molecular solids
* Metastable alloys
* Stress-driven architectures and phenomena

## Research institutes

The IFW consists of five research institutes
* Institute for Solid State Research, Director: Prof. Dr. Bernd Büchner
* Institute for Metallic Materials, Director: Prof. Dr. Kornelius Nielsch
* Institute for Complex Materials, Director: Prof. Dr. Bernd Büchner (temp.)
* Institute for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Director: Prof. Dr. Yana Vaynzof
* Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, Director: Prof. Dr. Jeroen van den Brink

## History

The IFW Dresden was founded on January 1, 1992 transforming the former Academy Institute to an Institute of the ‘Blaue Liste’. It emerged from the largest materials science center of the former GDR, which was at the time already internationally acknowledged. Since then the IFW developed into a leading institute in selected topics of materials science. The IFW is founding member of DRESDEN-concept, a research alliance in Dresden that was founded in 2010 to boost TU Dresden's application for the German Universities Excellence Initiative.
At present the IFW employs about 400 people, among them 190 scientists, mostly physicists, chemists and materials engineers. 80 of them are young scientists working in the IFW on their doctoral thesis. About 100 guest scientists from all over the world come every year for some weeks or months to work at the IFW. The annual budget of 23 Million Euro is supplied by the Federal government and by the German states in equal parts, the latter mainly by the Free State of Saxony. Additionally to institutional funding the IFW Dresden raises project resources of about 5 Million Euro per year.
# Aurelia montyi

Aurelia montyi is a species of true jellyfish in the family Ulmaridae. It is found in the eastern Gulf of Mexico.

## Etymology

The genus name is derived from the Latin name Aurelia, which in turn is derived from aureus, meaning "golden". The specific epithet was given in honor of Dr. William "Monty" Graham, who collected a significant amount of specimens for the species.
# Batzal Yarok

Batzal Yarok (Hebrew: בצל ירוק (lit. Green Onion) was an Israeli theatre and entertainment troupe founded in 1957 by ex-members of the IDF army ensemble, Lahakat Hanahal.

## History

Among those who wrote songs for the group was Sasha Argov. It was one of the most well-known entertainment troupes in Israel in the late 1950s and early 1960s. One of the founding members of Batzal Yarok was Uri Zohar.Chaim Topol performed with the group from 1960 to 1964. Ephraim Kishon wrote several satirical skits for Batzak Yarok.Naomi Shemer wrote the texts for the first performance of Batzal Yarok in 1957. Her song Zamar Noded (Wandering Troubadour) was also written for the troupe.

## Shows

* Shmor Al HaGvul (Guard the Border) - This show was produced by the founders of the troupe before the end of their military service
* 1957: Kvisat HaRash (The Poor Man's Laundry) - A pun with the Hebrew words Kvisa (Laundry) and Kivsa (Sheep), referencing the biblical parable employed by Nathan the Prophet to condemn the relationship between David and Bathsheba.
* 1958: Hop Avarnu (Hop! We Moved)
* 1959: Af Mila LeMorgenstein (Not a Word to Morgenstein) - This show became the basis for a movie with the same name, filmed in 1963.
* 1959: Ve... Shalosh Nekudot! (And ... Three Points!)
* 1960: Chatul BaSak (Cat in the Sack).

## Troupe members

* Uri Zohar - Vocals, direction
* Ilana Rovina - Vocals
* Yona Atari - Vocals
* Shimon Israeli - Vocals
* Nechama Hendel - Vocals
* Zaharira Harifai - Vocals
* Gabi Amrani - Vocals
* Yosef Oreg - Accordion
* Chaim Topol and Galya Topol - Vocals
* Eliahu Barkai - Vocals
* Oded Kotler - Vocals
* Ruti Atias - Vocals
* Avraham Mor - Took part only in the first show.
* Nira Adi
* Aliza Kashi
* Arik Einstein
* Shai Danon
* Martin Brecher - Trumpet
* David Elshayach - Drums and percussion
* Shmuel Bonim
# Herman Myhrberg

Herman Joel Myhrberg (26 December 1889 – 9 August 1919) was a Swedish association football player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He played as forward one match in the main tournament as well as one match in the consolation tournament.
# John Coates (producer)

John Coates (7 November 1927 – 16 September 2012) was a British film producer, best known for producing the animated film The Snowman based on the picture book by Raymond Briggs, one of the first animated productions screened on Channel Four and still repeated every year on the channel.
He co-founded the animation studio TVC (Television Cartoons) London with George Dunning in 1957 and worked on The Beatles's animated feature Yellow Submarine and produced numerous other animated films including When the Wind Blows, Granpa, Father Christmas, The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends and The Bear.
John's business partner for many years was Norman David Kauffman, who first worked with him at the age of 16 as a trainee animator. He became a Director of TVC and associated companies in 1999 until his retirement in 2012. John was the nephew of the 1st Baron Rank, and worked within the Rank Organisation after leaving school at Stowe. He had three siblings, including Anne V. Coates, Academy Award-winning editor of Lawrence of Arabia.
Coates died of cancer at the age of 84 in his home in Kent, England, on 16 September 2012. The Snowman and the Snowdog is dedicated to his memory.
# Jimmy McGeachan

James McGeachan (1871–1903) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke.

## Career

McGeachan was born in Govan and began his career with Hibernian before moving south to Bolton Wanderers in 1894. After two years with the Lancashire club he moved on to Stoke. He struggled to get in to the side ahead of Alf Wood and after four appearances left for a short return to Hibs. He then had an unsuccessful second spell with Bolton.

## Career statistics

Source:
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Hibernian | 1893–94 | Scottish Division Two | 15 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Hibernian | 1894–95 | Scottish Division Two | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 |
| Hibernian | Total | Total | 20 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 3 |
| Bolton Wanderers | 1894–95 | First Division | 16 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 19 | 3 |
| Bolton Wanderers | 1895–96 | First Division | 27 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 32 | 2 |
| Bolton Wanderers | 1896–97 | First Division | 24 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 28 | 1 |
| Bolton Wanderers | 1897–98 | First Division | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Bolton Wanderers | Total | Total | 69 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 81 | 5 |
| Stoke | 1897–98 | First Division | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Hibernian | 1898–99 | Scottish Division One | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 94 | 8 | 16 | 0 | 110 | 8 |
# Collisional family

In astronomy, a collisional family is a group of objects that are thought to have a common origin in an impact (collision). They have similar compositions and most share similar orbital elements.
Known or suspected collisional families include numerous asteroid families, most of the irregular moons of the outer planets, the Earth and the Moon, and the dwarf planets Pluto, Eris, and Haumea and their respective moons.
# Karin Evans

Karin Evans (1907–2004) was a South African-born German stage and film actress. Evans was born in Johannesburg to one British and one German parent. In 1923 she moved to Berlin to study theatre, and began performing in the stage productions of Max Reinhardt. She made her film debut in the 1927 silent crime film The Trial of Donald Westhof (1927) and then appeared intermittently in a mixture of leading and supporting roles. In 1964 she appeared in the comedy Fanny Hill which proved to be her final screen appearance. She was married to the painter Wolf Hoffmann.

## Selected filmography

* The Trial of Donald Westhof (1927)
* Boycott (1930)
* The Last Company (1930)
* The Concert (1931)
* The Gentleman Without a Residence (1934)
* My Life for Maria Isabella (1935)
* Pygmalion (1935)
* Ich klage an (1941)
* Blum Affair (1948)
* Street Acquaintances (1948)
* Such a Charade (1953)
* The Perfect Couple (1954)
* Love Without Illusions (1955)
* Without You All Is Darkness (1956)
* Sweetheart of the Gods (1960)
* Fanny Hill (1964)
# Horror-of-personality

Horror-of-personality is a specific sub-category of horror and thriller genres; as opposed to excessive violence or the presence of malevolent supernatural beings, such stories evoke horror and/or suspense through villains who are perfectly human, but possess horrific personalities. They usually focus on Freudian psychology, as well as the cause and effect of profound insanity. Each narrative will either document an unbalanced person's descent into madness, or else follow somebody on the trail of a murderous psychopath. The settings are often deceptively ordinary, such as cheerful suburban homes or shabby hotels.
Examples include the stories of Patricia Highsmith and Edgar Allan Poe, as well as classic films like Psycho and What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?
# Belinda Todd

Belinda Todd is a New Zealand-born television broadcaster who rose to fame as a presenter on Nightline.
She grew up in Christchurch, and had ambitions to become a doctor. She joined the new TV3 network when it launched in 1989 as a weather presenter, and shortly after became known for her off-the-cuff contributions as co-presenter on Nightline.
She also was in Melody Rules, a short-lived sitcom that was critically panned.
In 1994, she left TV3 and subsequently worked for independent production company Communicado for 7 years. She departed New Zealand for Los Angeles in 2003, and has lived there since, working in several roles including production and freelance screenwriting.
She participated in the 20th anniversary episode of Nightline in 2010.
# Chaco tortoise

The Chaco tortoise (Chelonoidis chilensis), also known commonly as the Argentine tortoise, the Patagonian tortoise, or the southern wood tortoise, is a species of tortoise in the family Testudinidae. The species is endemic to South America.

## Geographic range

The Chaco tortoise is mainly found in Argentina, but also in Bolivia and Paraguay, mainly within the Chaco and Monte ecoregions. Its distribution is mainly limited by temperature-related variables, and precipitation in the reproductive period.

## Taxonomy

The scientific name for this species, Chelonoidis chilensis, is misleading because it is not native to Chile. It occurs mainly in Argentina, Bolivia and neighboring Paraguay. When the species was first described by Gray in 1870, he mistakenly thought that Mendoza was in Chile instead of Argentina (the city was transfer in 1776), thus the misnomer. Sclater corrected Gray's mistake in the same year. However, the rules of nomenclature give precedence to the name chilensis, even though it was based on an erroneous assumption, and the name has persisted.

## Description

The carapace of C. chilensis can measure up to 43.3 cm (but usually less than 25 cm) in a straight line, and may be either totally yellowish brown or have dark-brown to black rings surrounding a tan center on each scute. Specimens found farther south tend to be much larger than those found in farther north populations. The rim of the shell is slightly serrated and has a dark wedge of pigment at the back edge of each scute. The plastron may be uniformly yellowish-brown or have a dark triangular wedge along the seams of each scute. The head, limbs and tail are greyish to yellowish-brown, with the front of each forelimb covered with large, angular scales and each thigh featuring several enlarged tubercles.

## Diet

Like all tortoise species, the Chaco tortoise is primarily herbivorous, consuming grasses, shrubs, fruits, and cactus pads.

## Species status

There is only one recognized species. However, some researchers believe C. chilensis should be divided into three species: C. chilensis, C. petersi, and C. donosobarrosi. Some support C. donosobarrosi as a subspecies (C. chilensis donosobarrosi). There is research to indicate that it may qualify as a separate species, while C. petersi may just be a variant of C. chilensis, the variances being clinal variations in adjacent populations. However, these taxa mentioned have all been formally synonymised and accepted. The morphological variation is explainable as a factor of elevation. Historically, these have been viewed as separate taxa, with little work done to confirm or deny it. Subsequent molecular analysis has found little to no genetic variation.

## Etymology

The specific name (or subspecific name), donosobarrosi, is in honor of Chilean herpetologist Roberto Donoso-Barros, and petersi is in honor of American herpetologist James A. Peters.
# Brigilsus

Brigilsus was a medieval Bishop of the East Angles.
Brigilsus was consecrated between 652 and 653. He died about 669 or 670. He was consecrated by Archbishop Honorius of Canterbury.