OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aaadonta constricta

Aaadonta constricta is a species of land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Endodontidae. It is endemic to Palau, where it is known from the islands of Babeldaob, Ngemelis, Peleliu and Koror. It may be extirpated from Koror. It is threatened by habitat destruction and modification.
In 1976, Solem described two subspecies of Aaadonta constricta:
* A. c. babelthuapi
* A. c. constricta
* A. c. komakanensis
# Attorney General Hunt

Attorney General Hunt may refer to:
* Alan Hunt (politician) (1927–2013), Attorney-General of Victoria
* George Hunt (attorney) (1841–1901), Attorney General of Illinois
* William H. Hunt (1823–1884), Attorney General of Louisiana
# Bighrai

Bighrai (Bighraī), also spelled Bighrayi, is a village in Ghiror block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 2,198, in 352 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Bighrai had a population of 2,198, in 352 households.$^{:81}$ This population was 52.2% male (1,148) and 47.8% female (1,050). The 0-6 age group numbered 384 (207 male and 177 female), or 17.5% of the total population. 723 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 32.9% of the total.$^{:70–1}$
The 1981 census recorded Bighrai as having a population of 977 people, in 170 households.$^{:132–3}$
The 1961 census recorded Bighrai as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 607 people (325 male and 282 female), in 113 households and 94 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 807 acres.$^{:lxxii}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Bighrai had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:81–5}$
# Ahmose-Henutemipet

Ahmose-Henutemipet was a princess of the late Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt. She was a daughter of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and probably Queen Ahhotep I. She was the sister of Ahmose I. She bore the titles King's Daughter and King's Sister.

## Mummy

Her mummy was found in the tomb DB320 in 1881 and now is in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. It was examined by Grafton Elliot Smith in June 1909. Henutemipet died as an old woman; she had grey hair and worn teeth. Her mummy was damaged, probably by tomb robbers. It is likely that the mummy was moved to DB320 after Year 11 of Pharaoh Shoshenq I.
# List of natural regions in Schleswig-Holstein

This List of natural regions in Schleswig-Holstein covers the higher level natural regions that lie wholly or partially on the territory of the North German state of Schleswig-Holstein. They are based on the official list of natural regions in Germany that was adopted in the 1950s and set out in the Handbook of Natural Regional Divisions in Germany (Handbuch der Naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands), by the Ministry for Agriculture and the Environment in Schleswig-Holstein.
The system shown is that published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Bundesamt für Naturschutz or BfN) in 1994. It differs slightly from the earlier system whose numbering is given in brackets for the major regions only.
The major natural regions in this system are divided into sub-regions (Untereinheiten), landscape units (Teileinheiten) and topographical units (Grundeinheiten). They are only listed here, further information about them being found in the relevant articles.
These units tend to cross the state borders and are not related to the political division of states into provinces or districts. As a result, they may also be mentioned in articles on neighbouring states such as, in this case, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

## Divisions
### Northwest German Plain
#### D21 Schleswig-Holstein Marshes (68)

* 681 North Frisian Marsh Islands and Halligen (Nordfriesische Marschinseln und Halligen)
* 682 North Frisian Marsh (Nordfriesische Marsch)
* 683 Eiderstedt Marsh (Eiderstedter Marsch)
* 684 Dithmarsch Marsh (Dithmarscher Marsch)

#### D24 Lower Elbe Basin (Elbe Marshes) (67)

* 671 Holstein Elbe Marshes (Holsteinische Elbmarschen)

#### D22 Schleswig-Holstein Geest (69)

* 680 North Frisian Geest Islands (Nordfriesische Geestinseln)
* 690 Leck Geest (Lecker Geest)
* 691 Bredstedt-Husum Geest (Bredstedt-Husumer Geest)
* 692 Eider-Treene Basin (Eider-Treene-Niederung)
* 693 Heide-Itzehoe Geest (Heide-Itzehoer Geest)
* 694 Barmstedt-Kisdorf Geest (Barmstedt-Kisdorfer Geest)
* 695 Hamburg Ring (Hamburger Ring)
* 696 Lauenburg Geest (Lauenburger Geest)
* 697 Schleswig Vorgeest (Schleswiger Vorgeest)
* 698 Holstein Foregeest (Holsteinische Vorgeest)

#### D23 Schleswig-Holstein Uplands (70)

* 700 Angeln
* 701 Schwansen – Danish Wahld (Schwansen – Dänischer Wohld)
* 702a East Holstein Uplands and Lakes - Northeast (Ostholsteinische Hügel- und Seenland Nordwest)
* 702b East Holstein Uplands and Lakes - Southwest (Ostholsteinische Hügel- und Seenland Südost)
* 703 Nordoldenburg and Fehmarn (Nordoldenburg und Fehmarn)

#### D04 Mecklenburg Lake District (75)

* 750 West Mecklenburg Lakes and Uplands (Westmecklenburigsche Seen-Hügelland)

#### D05 Mecklenburg-Brandenburg Plateaus and Uplands (76-78)

* 760 South Mecklenburg Lowlands (with sands and clay plateaus) (Südmecklenburgische Niederungen (mit Sandflächen und Lehmplatten))

## General sources

* Description, map and source (in German)
# Zhang Luqi

Zhang Luqi (born 17 October 1994) is a Chinese sprint canoeist.
She won a medal at the 2019 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships.
# Constantin de Grimm

Constantin de Grimm (December 30, 1845 – April 19, 1896) also known as Baron de Grimm, was a Russian illustrator known internationally for his caricatures in publications such as the Vanity Fair (UK; under the pseudonym "Nemo"), Kladderadatsch (Germany), The Evening Telegram (US), and the German edition of Puck, of which he was founder. He served multiple times as president of the German Press Club.
Born at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, where his father taught the children of Czar Nicholas I, Grimm relocated to Berlin in 1860, and later to Leipzig, where he contributed drawings to Daheim [de]. He served in the German Army from 1867 to 1873 and received the Iron Cross for bravery during the Franco-Prussian War. He then returned to cartooning, becoming assistant editor of Kladderadatsch in 1873, founding the German edition of Puck in 1874, and – after a year of art instruction at École des Beaux-Arts in Paris – became a journalist and drama critic.
Grimm went to the United States in 1884 after attracting the notice of James Gordon Bennett, publisher of the New York Herald, and became known to American readers through art in the Herald and Evening Telegram. He died in New York City in 1896 at the age of 50.

## Select illustrations

* Alexander III of Russia, Vanity Fair, 1884
* James G. Bennett Jr., Vanity Fair, 1884
* Caricature of Jay Gould, ca. 1888
* Actress Helen Barry, 1889
* General Gerard Lake (1890)
# Denfert-Rochereau

Denfert-Rochereau may refer to:
* Pierre Philippe Denfert-Rochereau, a soldier of the Franco-Prussian War.
* Avenue Denfert-Rochereau [fr], a road in Paris commemorating him.
* Place Denfert-Rochereau, a square in Paris, also commemorating him.
* Denfert-Rochereau station (Paris Métro), the Metro station.
* Denfert-Rochereau station (Paris RER), the RER station.
# Canopy chameleon

The canopy chameleon (Furcifer willsii), also known commonly as Wills's chameleon or incorrectly as Will's chameleon, is a species of lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to Madagascar. The species was originally described by Albert Günther in 1890.

## Etymology

The specific name, willsii, is in honour of English ornithologist Rev. James Wills (1836–1898), who was a missionary in Madagascar from 1870 to 1898.

## Geographic range and habitat

Furcifer willsii is endemic to east-central and northeastern Madagascar, along with an isolated range in the north-central part of the island. The type locality of west Imerina Imady, in a forest region. The species can be found at between 600 and 1,300 metres (2,000 and 4,300 feet) above sea level and is estimated to be found over an area of 100,350 square kilometres (38,750 square miles). Records show that this species has been found Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve. F. willsii may have been sighted once in western Madagascar at Ankarafantsika National Park, although this observation has not been verified as of 2007. Reports from Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve are uncertain: they may be of F. willsii, F. petteri, or a similar, undescribed species.

## Conservation status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) believe that the population of the canopy chameleon is declining. However, it is rated as Least Concern as there is not enough evidence that this species is declining fast enough to become endangered or threatened. Furcifer willsii is threatened by agricultural clearance and logging.
Furcifer willsii is an arboreal species often found high in the canopy mostly in humid forests. It seems to be able to adapt to degraded habitats at the edge of native forests. Large numbers of this species were exported from Madagascar between 1989 and 1993 before the trade from Madagascar was banned by the CITES multilateral treaty.

## Description

Furcifer willsii is green and white in colour, sometimes with a hint of brown along the back and head.

## Reproduction

F. willsii is oviparous.

## Taxonomy

Furcifer willsii was initially described in 1890 by Albert Günther as Chamaeleon willsii. In 1986, it was transferred to the genus Furcifer by Charles Klaver & Wolfgang Böhme. It is commonly known as the canopy chameleon.
# Cantar (album)

Cantar is the fifth solo album by the Brazilian singer Gal Costa, released in 1974. It was ranked the 91st best Brazilian album of all time by the Brazilian Rolling Stone magazine.
# Attorney General Hunter

Attorney General Hunter may refer to:
* Michael J. Hunter (born 1956), Attorney General of Oklahoma
* Richard C. Hunter (1884–1941), Attorney General of Nebraska
# Linear connection

In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the term linear connection can refer to either of the following overlapping concepts:
* a connection on a vector bundle, often viewed as a differential operator (a Koszul connection or covariant derivative);
* a principal connection on the frame bundle of a manifold or the induced connection on any associated bundle — such a connection is equivalently given by a Cartan connection for the affine group of affine space, and is often called an affine connection.
The two meanings overlap, for example, in the notion of a linear connection on the tangent bundle of a manifold.
In older literature, the term linear connection is occasionally used for an Ehresmann connection or Cartan connection on an arbitrary fiber bundle, to emphasise that these connections are "linear in the horizontal direction" (i.e., the horizontal bundle is a vector subbundle of the tangent bundle of the fiber bundle), even if they are not "linear in the vertical (fiber) direction". However, connections which are not linear in this sense have received little attention outside the study of spray structures and Finsler geometry.
# List of people from Lishui

This is a list of people from Lishui prefecture in Zhejiang province. The people listed include those both from Lishui city and the counties and county-level city under its present administration.

## C

* Chen Cheng (simplified Chinese: 陈诚; traditional Chinese: 陳誠; pinyin: Chén Chéng) - ROC politician and military leader
* Chen Tiexiong (simplified Chinese: 陈铁雄; traditional Chinese: 陳鐵雄; pinyin: Chén Tiěxióng) - administrator, former mayor of Taizhou

## D

* Du Guangting (Chinese: 杜光庭; pinyin: Dù Guāngtíng) - Tang dynasty Daoist
* Duanmu Guohu (simplified Chinese: 端木国瑚; traditional Chinese: 端木國瑚; pinyin: Duānmù Guóhú) - Qing dynasty man of letters and poet

## H

* He Zhizhong (simplified Chinese: 何执中; traditional Chinese: 何執中; pinyin: Hé Zhízhōng) - Song official

## J

* Jiang Teli (Chinese: 姜特立; pinyin: Jiāng Tèlì) - Southern Song poet

## K

* Ke Jie (Chinese: 柯洁; pinyin: Kē Jié) - professional Go player of 9 dan rank.

## L

* Li Lingwei (Chinese: 李玲蔚; pinyin: Lǐ Língwèi) - badminton player
* Li Yang (simplified Chinese: 力扬; traditional Chinese: 力揚; pinyin: Lì Yáng) - educator and littérateur, also involved in politics and administration
* Li Zubai (Chinese: 李祖白; pinyin: Lǐ Zǔbái) - lieutenant general in the National Revolutionary Army turned CCP secret service agent
* Liu Bowen - Yuan and Ming dynasty military strategist, statesman, poet, and prophet

## S

* Sung Hsi (Chinese: 宋晞; pinyin: Sòng Xī) - historian

## T

* Tang Situi (simplified Chinese: 汤思退; traditional Chinese: 湯思退; pinyin: Tāng Sītuì) - Southern Song politician, official, and prime minister

## W

* Wang Shifu (Chinese: 王仕福; pinyin: Wáng Shìfú) - Home-run record holder
* Wang Hao (Chinese: 王浩; pinyin: Wáng Hào) - Tae-kwon-do athlete
* Wei Lan (simplified Chinese: 魏兰; traditional Chinese: 魏蘭; pinyin: Wèi Lán) - Qing revolutionary and politician
* Wu Gongda (simplified Chinese: 吴公达; traditional Chinese: 吳公達; pinyin: Wú Gōngdá) - imperial administrator

## X

* Xiong Dun (熊頓) - cartoonist and cancer memoirist

## Y

* Yeh Fa-shan (simplified Chinese: 叶法善; traditional Chinese: 葉法善; pinyin: Yè Fǎshàn) - Tang dynasty Daoist, ascended to immortal status
* Ye Shaoweng (simplified Chinese: 叶绍翁; traditional Chinese: 葉紹翁; pinyin: Yè Shàowēng) - Southern Song poet

## Z

* Zhang Naiqi (Chinese: 章乃器; pinyin: Zhāng Nǎiqì) - one of the founders of the China National Democratic Association and Xin Pinglun magazine, banker, and administrator
* Zhang Ping (Chinese: 章平; pinyin: Zhāng Píng) - poet
* Zhao Jingshen (simplified Chinese: 赵景深; traditional Chinese: 趙景深; pinyin: Zhào Jǐngshēn) - author and translator
# Jarapa

Jarapa is a thick fabric of various compositions, used to make traditional rugs, blankets, bedspreads, curtains etc. in Almería and Murcia in the Spanish South East.
Manufacture and use are concentrated in the area of the Alpujarras. The material used in their manufacture is often recycled scraps from the textile industry of Catalonia further North.

## Production

With the evolution of the textile industry, materials aside from cotton such as polyester and other fibers are used, obtained from Cataloina and Alcoy.
In the process of production the remains of fabric used to make "tiras" is made use of to prepare balls of yarn to later make "churros" (a type of hank put into a shuttle to make a strip). Once the churros in the shuttle are moved to the loom, between the threads, the fabric starts to be made.
* This article about textiles is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Demići

Demići is a village in the municipality of Kiseljak, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 11, all Croats.
# Canopy root

A canopy root, also known as an arboreal root, is a type of root that grows out of a tree branch underneath an epiphytic mat. These adventitious roots form in response to moist, dark, nutrient-rich conditions that are found in “canopy soils”. Canopy roots have been found in species of maple, poplar, alder, myrtle, beech, and spruce, among many others. They are structurally similar to roots found on the forest floor and likely serve a similar purpose for water and nutrient uptake, though their specific functions are still being studied.

## Formation and ecology

Canopy roots form in highly organic soils classified as arboreal Histosols. Canopy soils form when lateral branches intercept leaf litter and epiphytes, accumulating plant matter that eventually decomposes. In some cases, these soils can get up to a meter thick on a single branch. Canopy soils provide habitat for wildlife and epiphytes, hold water and nutrients, and contain diverse microbial communities. Mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria have been found in these soils, making nitrogen available for plant uptake.
Adventitious roots can form during normal or stressful growing conditions. Canopy roots have been shown to grow in response to wet, nutrient-rich media. Nadkarni induced the formation of canopy roots by air layering branches, which involves wounding a branch and then wrapping it with damp moss. Nadkarni found that, after initiating air layering, roots form out of swollen lenticels on the stem.

## Mechanism of development

While the specific physiological mechanism causing canopy root development has not been determined, it is thought to follow a similar process of other adventitious roots, such as burial-induced stem roots. Once a receptor in the stem perceives the moist, dark environment, auxin levels increase quickly and levels of cytokinin, a root inhibitor, drop. This influx of auxin, likely due to increased synthesis, transport from other cells, and decreased degradation, promotes root growth. Canopy roots have been shown to associate with mycorrhizal fungi, which suggests they are absorbing nutrients and water from soils. Nalini Nadkarni and Richard Primack showed that tagged radionuclides of trace nutrients (Se, Cs, Mn, Zn) entered through the canopy roots and were transported to other areas of the plant. This proves that plants can take in nutrients from canopy roots, supporting the idea that the canopy roots provide access to secondary nutrient pools. Current research is being done to show that the canopy roots uptake water as well as nutrients.
# 1995 Prague Open

The 1995 Prague Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the I. Czech Lawn Tennis Club in Prague in the Czech Republic that was part of Tier IV of the 1995 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from 8 May through 14 May 1995. First-seeded Julie Halard won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Julie Halard defeated Ludmila Richterová 6–4, 6–4
* It was Halard's only singles title of the year and the 4th of her career.

### Doubles

Linda Harvey-Wild / Chanda Rubin defeated Maria Lindström / Maria Strandlund 6–7, 6–3, 6–2
* It was Harvey-Wild's 1st title of the year and the 5th of her career. It was Rubin's only title of the year and the 3rd of her career.
# Germany men's national under-19 basketball team

The Germany men's national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is the basketball side that represents Germany in international under-18 and under-19 competitions. It is administered by the German Basketball Federation (Deutscher Basketball Bund).
In 2023, Germany won their first ever medal at the FIBA U18 European Championship Division A. The following year, after first ever medal won at the FIBA U18 EuroBasket, Germany won its first title in FIBA U18 EuroBasket Division A.

## FIBA U18 EuroBasket participations

| Year | Result in Division A |
| 1968 | 11th |
| 1970 | 10th |
| 1974 | 14th |
| 1976 | 11th |
| 1980 | 6th |
| 1982 | 5th |
| 1984 | 5th |
| 1986 | 4th |
| 1988 | 9th |
| 1990 | 12th |
| 1992 | 7th |
| 1994 | 12th |
| 1996 | 8th |
| 2002 | 12th |
| 2005 | 14th |
| 2006 | 13th |
| Year | Result in Division A | Result in Division B |
| 2007 | 9th |
| 2008 | 14th |
| 2009 | 11th |
| 2010 | 13th |
| 2011 | 11th |
| 2012 | 14th |
| 2013 | | 11th |
| 2014 | | |
| 2015 | 8th |
| 2016 | 4th |
| 2017 | 11th |
| 2018 | 6th |
| 2019 | 11th |
| 2022 | 11th |
| 2023 | |
| 2024 | |

## FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup participations

| Year | Result |
| 1983 | 5th |
| 1987 | 4th |
| 2017 | 5th |
| 2025 | Qualified |
# Agroecotettix

Agroecotettix is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There is at least one described species in Agroecotettix, A. modestus.
# Jarapada railway station

Jarapada railway station is a railway station on Cuttack–Sambalpur line under the Sambalpur railway division of the East Coast Railway zone. The railway station is situated at Sauria, Jarapada in Angul district of the Indian state of Odisha.
# Álvaro Villete

Álvaro Villete is an Uruguayan football goalkeeper who plays for Sabah in the Azerbaijan Premier League on loan from Patriotas Boyacá.

## Club career

On 21 September 2020, Sabah FC announced the signing of Villete on one-year long loan.
# Continental Gin Company

Continental Gin Company may refer to:
* Continental Gin Company (Birmingham, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Alabama
* Continental Gin Company (Dallas, Texas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Texas
# Zenamorpha

Zenamorpha is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1956. Its single species, Zenamorpha discophoralis, described by George Hampson in 1899, is found in Orizaba, Mexico.

## Former species

* Zenamorpha pseudonoctua (Rothschild, 1921)
# Canopy clustering algorithm

The canopy clustering algorithm is an unsupervised pre-clustering algorithm introduced by Andrew McCallum, Kamal Nigam and Lyle Ungar in 2000. It is often used as preprocessing step for the K-means algorithm or the hierarchical clustering algorithm. It is intended to speed up clustering operations on large data sets, where using another algorithm directly may be impractical due to the size of the data set.

## Description

The algorithm proceeds as follows, using two thresholds $T_{1}$ (the loose distance) and $T_{2}$ (the tight distance), where $T_{1}>T_{2}$ .
* Begin with the set of data points to be clustered.
* Remove a point from the set, beginning a new 'canopy' containing this point.
* For each point left in the set, assign it to the new canopy if its distance to the first point of the canopy is less than the loose distance $T_{1}$.
* If the distance of the point is additionally less than the tight distance $T_{2}$, remove it from the original set.
* Repeat from step 2 until there are no more data points in the set to cluster.
* These relatively cheaply clustered canopies can be sub-clustered using a more expensive but accurate algorithm.
An important note is that individual data points may be part of several canopies. As an additional speed-up, an approximate and fast distance metric can be used for 3, where a more accurate and slow distance metric can be used for step 4.

## Applicability

Since the algorithm uses distance functions and requires the specification of distance thresholds, its applicability for high-dimensional data is limited by the curse of dimensionality. Only when a cheap and approximative – low-dimensional – distance function is available, the produced canopies will preserve the clusters produced by K-means.
Its benefits include:
* The number of instances of training data that must be compared at each step is reduced.
* There is some evidence that the resulting clusters are improved.