OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bill Foley

William Foley is an American photojournalist whose work has been recognized by several national and international awards, including a Pulitzer Prize and International Press Freedom Awards. He has worked on assignment in 47 countries, with a particular focus on the Middle East, and currently lectures in fine arts (photography).

## Photojournalist career

Completing his studies at Indiana University Bloomington in 1978, Foley left Indiana and took a $99 one-way flight to Amsterdam, where he began to tour Europe. In London, he met photo editor Horst Faas, then the Associated Press (AP) photo chief for the Middle East and Europe. Faas sent Foley on assignment to Egypt, where he worked for the next several years, primarily covering the presidency of Anwar Sadat. Foley was present at the 6 October 1981 military parade in which Sadat was assassinated, and photographed him only moments before his death, calling the photograph "The Last Smile".
At Sabra and the Shatila refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon in September 1982, Foley shot a "series of pictures of victims and survivors of the [Sabra and Shatila] massacre", for which he and AP won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography. He later described the scene he found upon entering the camp after the departure of the Christian militiamen who had been guarding its gates:
   Nothing was moving. In a place where I had made many friends, and hundreds of photographs, it was many things, but never silent. Usually, kids were yelling and playing, women were talking, dogs were barking, cars horns were honking ... but, on this morning, all was quiet. I was surrounded by piles of what, at first glance, looked like garbage, but as my brain started to work, I realized it was piles of corpses. The smell of decay was everywhere, as many of those killed had been dead for over 24 hours, in the September heat.
From 1984 to 1990, he worked as a contract photographer for Time, covering stories including the Palestinian intifada, Operation Desert Shield, the Iran–Iraq War, and Nelson Mandela's first visit to New York City. He has also done photographic project for the New York-based Children's Aid Society and the UK-based Save the Children.
For his efforts to free Hezbollah hostage and Beirut AP colleague Terry A. Anderson, Foley received one of the first International Press Freedom Awards from the Committee to Protect Journalists in 1991, along with his wife Cary Vaughan.

## Academic career

He currently works as an Assistant Professor of Photography at Marian University in Indianapolis. He also taught for five years as an adjunct professor at New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts.
# German Mäurer

Friedrich Wilhelm German Mäurer (11 February 1811, Bensberg – 7 July 1883, Paris) was a German Communist writer and leader of the early German labor movement. He joined the League of Outlaws ("Bund der Geächteten) because of his democratic beliefs. When the League of Outlaws became the League of the Just ("Bund der Gerechtigkeit"), Mäurer became a member of the League of the Just. He wrote poetry for its newsletters and several books, and with Moses Hess was an important link between it and Karl Marx.
# Lindley Fraser

Lindley Macnaghten Fraser (14 August 1904 – 10 March 1963) was a Scottish academic, author, broadcaster and economist.
After an academic career, during which he successfully switched from classics to economics, holding university posts in America, England and Scotland, Fraser was recruited by the BBC to join, and later head, its German service, in which his broadcasts to listeners in Nazi Germany won him a large following.

## Life and career
### Early years

Fraser was born in Edinburgh, the son of Norman Fraser, a minister of the United Free Church of Scotland, and of his wife, Cecilia Craigie Fraser. He was educated first at George Watson's College, Edinburgh, and when the family moved to Liverpool in 1913 he went to the Liverpool Institute High School. From there he won a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford, where he took a first class degree in classics. In 1925 he was elected treasurer of the Oxford Union, becoming librarian and then president the following year. In 1926 and 1927 he was appointed to visiting fellowships at Princeton University and the Brookings School of Economics in Washington, D.C., receiving a doctorate from the latter.
Returning to Oxford in 1925, Fraser became fellow and praelector in economics at Queen's College. Many of his pupils later distinguished themselves; among them was the future prime minister, Harold Wilson. In 1932, Fraser married Elspet Mackenzie (b. 1907/8), daughter of Dr. Samuel Ridley Mackenzie of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. They had two daughters.
In 1935, Fraser was appointed Jaffrey professor of political economy at Aberdeen University. During his time at Aberdeen he wrote Economic Thought and Language (1937), which gave a systematic analysis of the terminology of economic analysis, and was translated into several languages.

### Broadcaster

On the outbreak of the Second World War, Fraser was sought out by his friend and former Oxford colleague, Frederick Ogilvie, the Director General of the BBC, who persuaded him to join the BBC German Service. Aberdeen University reluctantly granted him leave of absence and he began broadcasting for the BBC in February 1940. He spoke German fluently and clearly but with a distinct Edinburgh accent which won him a large following among listeners in Nazi Germany. By the end of the war he had become "a national institution" to his German audience.
Believing that the BBC's German service could play a valuable part in the rebuilding of postwar Germany, Fraser resigned his chair at Aberdeen in 1945. In the same year his first marriage was dissolved. He was appointed director of the German service in 1947 and head of German programmes in February 1948. His biographer, Richard Hewlett, wrote that Fraser's frequent visits to the Federal Republic of Germany and his continued, regular broadcasts "made him widely known and respected throughout the German-speaking countries of Europe."
Fraser was appointed OBE in 1958. In March 1959 he married Elizabeth Scott, née Marks, a sculptor. He died of lung cancer in London in 1963 at the age of 58.
# Gerald Jones (disambiguation)

Gerald Jones is a Welsh Labour Party politician.
Gerald Jones may also refer to:
* Gerald D. Jones, American politician in the state of Iowa
* Gerald Jones (philosopher), British philosopher
* Gerald Harvey Jones, American artist
* Gerald "Andre" Jones Jr., American football player
# Lingbao

Lingbao may refer to:
* Lingbao School (灵宝派), branch of Taoism
* Lingbao City (灵宝市), county-level city of Sanmenxia, Henan, China
* Lingbao Gold (灵宝黄金), gold mining company headquartered in Lingbao City
# Get Down (Craig Mack song)

"Get Down" is the second single released from Craig Mack's debut album, Project: Funk da World.

## Background

"Get Down" was released as the follow-up to his platinum-selling single "Flava in Ya Ear", which peaked at 9 on the Billboard Hot 100. While it did not match the success of "Flava in Ya Ear", "Get Down" nevertheless became a top 40 hit on the Hot 100, peaking at No. 38 on the chart. The song was produced by Easy Mo Bee, with an additional remix that was produced by Q-Tip, who also provided a guest verse. "Get Down" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales of 500,000 copies on April 5, 1995.
The music video was directed by Hype Williams.

## Track listing

* "Get Down" (Club Mix) – 3:50
* "Flava in Ya Ear" (featuring Busta Rhymes, LL Cool J, The Notorious B.I.G. and Rampage) (Remix) – 5:02
* "Get Down" (radio edit) – 3:57
* "Get Down" (instrumental) – 3:53

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Get Down! (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Get Down! is an album by Soulive. It was originally self-released in 1999 and released on September 24, 2002, as a reissue. It was recorded between March and June 1999. The album was produced by Jeff Krasno and Sean Hoess.
The album is regarded as Soulive's first album. With this release, Soulive made its debut with the typical jazz organ trio combination of Eric Krasno on guitar, Alan Evans on drums, and Neal Evans on a Hammond B3. This album includes the popular "Uncle Junior," which has since become a fan favorite and major staple of a live Soulive performance.

## Track listing

* "So Live!" – 11:36
* "Uncle Junior" – 7:18
* "Rudy's Way" – 6:19
* "Cash's Dream" – 5:09
* "Turn It Out" – 6:21
* "Brother Soul" (Live) – 8:36
* "Right On" (Live) – 10:01
# Liometopum globosum

Liometopum globosum is an extinct species of Miocene ant in the genus Liometopum. Described by Heer in 1849, the fossils were found in Switzerland.
# Bishop's Wood

Bishop's Wood (Welsh: Coed yr Esgob) is a nature reserve in the Gower Peninsula, south Wales.
The area consists of 46 acres (19 hectares) of limestone woodland and grassland. Part of the wood is classified as ancient woodland. The 1673 survey of Bishopston Manor indicates that it has been wooded since at least the seventeenth century.
It was designated a Local Nature Reserve (LNR) in 1975, a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 2003 and Special Area of Conservation (SAC) in 2004.
# Bishop's cap

Bishop's cap is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Epimedium, a genus in the family Berberidaceae native to Eurasia
* Mitella, a genus in the family Ranunculaceae native to North America and Asia
# Bishop Cotton School

Bishop Cotton School may refer to:
* Bishop Cotton Boys' School, Bangalore
* Bishop Cotton Girls' School, Bangalore
* Bishop Cotton School (Shimla), Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
# Lingayat Education Association

Lingayat Education Association is an education institution that was established by Rao Bahadur Gurusiddappa V. Gilaganchi and Rao Bahadur Rudragouda C. Aratal in 1883 at Dharwad.

## Colleges

* Lingayat Education Association's Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Dharwad
* Lingayat Education Association's Awwappanna Attigeri ITI, Dharwad
# Getulio Delphim

Getulio Delphim (born Rio de Janeiro, June 16, 1938) - sometimes Delphin or Delfin - is a Brazilian comics artist and illustrator. He began his career at the age of 15 at Rio Gráfica publishing house as a comics penciller and magazine cover designer. At 18, he was working for the publishing houses Outubro and La Selva. One of his main works was in the superhero's comic book Capitão 7. In 1970s, he stopped working only with comics, dedicating himself to advertising illustration. In 1994, he was awarded with the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for Master of National Comics, an award that aims to honor artists who have dedicated themselves to Brazilian comics for at least 25 years.
# Bison schoetensacki

Bison schoetensacki, commonly as the Pleistocene woodland bison or Pleistocene wood bison, was a species of bison that lived from the Early Pleistocene to at least the early Middle Pleistocene from western Europe to southern Siberia. Its presence in the Late Pleistocene is debated.

## Description

B. schoetensacki was generally similar to extant European bison in shape although there could have been morphological variations among European bisons during late Early Pleistocene and Early Holocene.
In comparison to B. priscus, B. schoetensacki was either smaller or similar in size but with slenderer leg bones and metapodials, and had shorter and differently shaped horns.

## Diet

Despite its common name, B. schoetensacki was probably not a mix-feeder, like the extant American wood bison. Instead, dental mesowear of the species shows similar pattern to that of extant European bison, a grazer.

## Paleobiology

During the Late Early and Early Middle Pleistocene, B. schoetensacki was the most common large bovid in Europe. Fossils have been obtained from Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Moldova, Russia, Spain, and mass excavations from the Paleolithic site of Isernia in Italy, dating back to around 700,000 years ago, indicate B. schoetensacki was the most heavily targeted animal by human hunters, as European bison likely didn't inhabit the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas.
Ranges of B. schoetensacki and steppe bison presumably overlapped for some extents.

## Genetics

A 2017 study which attributed Late Pleistocene European remains to B. schoetensacki found it to belong to a mitochondrial clade which is the sister group to modern wisent, and proposed the species as a whole is likely ancestral to modern wisent. However, other studies have disputed this attribution, restricting B. schoetensacki to Early and Middle Pleistocene remains.
# German submarine U-2508

German submarine U-2508 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 13 June 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2508. She was launched on 19 August 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Uwe Christiansen on 26 September 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2508 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-2508 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-2508 was scuttled on 3 May 1945, in Kiel as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# German submarine U-2514

German submarine U-2514 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 24 July 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2514. She was launched on 17 September 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Rolf-Birger Wahlen on 17 October 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2514 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-2514 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-2514 was sunk on 8 April 1945, by bombs, in the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg. U-2514 was more than likely caught in the same RAF Bomber Command raid made up of Lancaster and Halifax bombers that sunk U-2509. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# German submarine U-2509

German submarine U-2509 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 17 June 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2509. She was launched on 27 August 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Rudolf Schendel on 21 September 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2509 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-2509 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-2509 was sunk on 8 April 1945, by bombs, in the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg. U-2509 was caught in an RAF Bomber Command raid made up of Lancaster and Halifax bombers.
# German submarine U-2510

German submarine U-2510 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 5 July 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2510. She was launched on 29 August 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Werner Hermann on 27 September 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2510 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-2510 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-2510 was scuttled on 2 May 1945, at Travemünde, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# Ghator

Ghator is a town located in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located in Faisalabad District at 31°12'0N 73°11'0E with an altitude of 175 metres (577 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Rurki and Manak.
# Geçitköy, Akyaka

Geçitköy is a village in the Akyaka District of Kars Province, Turkey. The village is located 49 km from Kars city center and 11 km from the district center of Akyaka.

## History

The village has been known by the same name since 1889.
Following the enactment of Law No. 3392, published in the Official Gazette on July 4, 1987, the village was transferred from the Arpaçay district to the newly established district of Akyaka.
# Biville-la-Rivière

Biville-la-Rivière (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

A small farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated by the banks of the Saâne river, some 14 miles (23 km) southwest of Dieppe, near the junction of the D107 and the D2 roads.

## Places of interest

* The church of St.Pierre, dating from the eighteenth century.
# German submarine U-50

U-50 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-50, a Type U 43 submarine launched in 1915 and that served in the First World War until sunk on or after 31 August 1917
** During the First World War, Germany also had these submarines with similar names:
*** SM UB-50, a Type UB III submarine launched in 1917 and surrendered 16 January 1919; broken up at Swansea in 1922
*** SM UC-50, a Type UC II submarine launched in 1916 and sunk 4 February 1918
* German submarine U-50 (1939), a Type VIIB submarine that served in the Second World War until sunk on 6 April 1940
# Ghassate

Ghassate is a commune in the Ouarzazate Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8815 people living in 1233 households.
# Ghana Rowing and Canoeing Association

Ghana Rowing and Canoeing Association is the umbrella body that governs and promotes rowing and canoeing in Ghana. The association is headquartered in Accra. The association promotes the sport of canoeing by organizing courses and competitions for interest participants. Through such competitions, the association is able to select winners to participate in international tournaments.

## Executive board

The association has the following executives:
* President - Francis Decland
Vice President - Kamal Sulley
* Immediate past president - Hon. Jonathan Nii Tackie Kommey (M.P)
* Secretary General - Saka Acquaye

## Competitions

The association has sent competing teams to major competitions including:
* 2009 All African Games held in Ivory Coast.
* 2009 West African Canoe Kayak Championship

## Donations

The Association received a fleet of boats from FISA to aid in the development of rowing and canoeing in the country.