OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Laboratory manager

A laboratory manager (alternatively laboratory supervisor) is an individual who supervises personnel and operations in a laboratory environment; the position is senior to that of a laboratory technician or laboratory technologist, and is considered a middle-management occupation.

## Nature of work

While the duties of laboratory managers depend on their particular field or industry, they generally direct or coordinate scientific research and related activities such as quality control, along with ensuring laboratories have the necessary equipment and materials to sustain operations. Depending on the size of the company or academic institution, the scope of a manager's responsibilities also varies. At a senior level, a laboratory manager may be an administrator primarily responsible for budgets, hiring and supervising scientific and technical personnel, and working with senior management to develop goals and strategies for the organization. Laboratory managers or supervisors at this level may be responsible for managing large teams.
Some laboratory managers are current or former scientists who are sometimes called "working managers," and who participate in conducting research in addition to administrative duties, mentoring students, and assisting other researchers. Managers in this category are commonly known as staff scientists. Chemistry laboratory managers may also be chemical hygiene officers responsible for occupational health and safety. In academic institutions, there may be different categories of laboratory managers, who may also be known as laboratory coordinators, and who may teach laboratory or lecture courses as needed.
Regardless of designation, laboratory safety is a primary responsibility of scientific laboratory managers. The manager or supervisor is responsible for ensuring laboratories are in compliance with established regulations and standards.

## Qualifications

Laboratory managers need excellent leadership, interpersonal, critical-thinking, problem-solving, and time-management abilities. Usually, though not always, they must have a university degree, along with several years of laboratory experience as a scientist, engineer or laboratory technician or assistant. Most laboratory managers hold a bachelor of science degree. Management of research laboratories, including pharmaceutical and biotechnology laboratories, usually requires a master's degree or doctorate. Some positions require a Professional Science Master's or a Master of Business Administration degree.
# La Gallinola

La Gallinola is among the highest peaks of the Matese, the highest mountain in Campania.
The environment is karst, with persistent grass and without large trees, as expected on the summit of a carbonate massif.
Located on the Apennines ridge between Campania and Molise, from the top it can be enjoyed at a wide panorama that, on clear days, sweeps between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas.

## Sources

* 1 2 Peakbagger - Monte la Gallinola, Italy
* This Campanian location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak located in Italy is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# La Intrusa

La Intrusa may refer to:
* La Intrusa (1939 film), a 1939 Argentine film
* La intrusa (1954 film), a 1954 Mexican film
* La intrusa (1964 TV series), a 1964 Mexican telenovela series
* La intrusa (1986 TV series), a 1986 Venezuelan telenovela series
* La intrusa (2001 TV series), a 2001 Mexican telenovela series
* La Intrusa, 1966 short story by Jorge Luis Borges
# Lady Lay Down

"Lady Lay Down' is a song written by Rafe Van Hoy and Don Cook, and recorded by American country music artist John Conlee. It was released in October 1978 as the second single from the album Rose Colored Glasses. The song was Conlee's second country hit and his first of seven number ones on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week.

## Chart performance
### John Conlee

| Chart (1978–1979) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 2 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1979) | Position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 17 |

### Tom Jones

In 1981, Tom Jones released a single with the song, that is also featured on his album Darlin'. Jones' cover of the song charted at number 26 on the same chart.
| Chart (1981) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 26 |
# Lagrange-class submarine

The Lagrange-class submarines were a class of four submarines built for the French Navy during World War I and the interwar period. Three ships of this type were built in the Arsenal de Toulon from 1913 to 1924, and one was built at the Arsenal de Rochefort shipyard. Entering the French Marine Nationale from 1918 to 1924, the submarines served until the mid-1930s.

## Design

The Lagrange-class submarines were constructed as part of the French fleet's expansion programmes from 1913 to 1914. The ships were designed by Julien Hutter, who slightly modified his previous project, the Dupuy de Lôme-class submarines, using two Parsons steam turbines with a power of 2,000 hp (1,491 kW). During construction, though, the idea was abandoned and the ships were instead equipped with diesel engines.
75.2 m (246 ft 9 in) long, with a beam of 6.3 m (20 ft 8 in) and a draught of 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in), Lagrange-class submarines could dive up to 50 m (164 ft). The submarines had a surfaced displacement of 920 long tons (935 t) and a submerged displacement of 1,318 long tons (1,339 t). Propulsion while surfaced was provided by two 2,600 hp (1,939 kW) diesel motors built by Swiss manufacturer, Sulzer, and two 1,640 hp (1,223 kW) electric motors. The submarines' electrical propulsion allowed them to attain speeds of 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) while submerged and 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph) on the surface. They had surfaced range of 4,300 nautical miles (8,000 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h) and a submerged range of 125 nautical miles (232 km) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h).
The ships were equipped with eight 450 millimetres (18 in) torpedo tubes (four in the bow; two stern and two external), with a total of ten torpedoes and two 75 millimetres (3.0 in) guns. The crew of a ship comprised forty-seven men.

## Ships

Of the four Lagrange-class submarines, three were built in the Arsenal de Toulon and one in the Arsenal de Rochefort. The ships were laid down between 1913 and 1914 and launched between 1917 and 1924. The ships were named after French scholars: Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Henri Victor Regnault and the constructor of submarines Gaston Romazzotti.
Lagrange-class submarines :
| Name | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate |
| Laplace | 1913 | 8 December 1919 | 1921 | Stricken in 1937 |
| Lagrange | 1913 | 31 May 1917 | February 1918 | Stricken in 1935 |
| Regnault | 1913 | 25 June 1924 | 1924 | Stricken in 1937 |
| Romazotti | 1914 | 31 March 1918 | September 1918 | Stricken in 1937 |

## Service

Of the four submarines, only two were commissioned before the end of World War I: Lagrange and Romazzotti, which operated in the Mediterranean Sea.
From 1922 to 1923, the ships underwent a major refit in which they received new major conning towers, bridges and periscopes. All ships served in the Mediterranean Sea until 1935 for Lagrange and 1937 for the other three ships.
# Lahijan and Siahkal (electoral district)

Lahijan and Siahkal is an electoral district in the Gilan Province in Iran.
# Lahaymeix

Lahaymeix is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Lahaye

Lahaye is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benoît Lahaye, French Grower Champagne producer
* Beverly LaHaye (1929–2024), American Christian conservative activist and author, wife of Tim LaHaye
* Corinne Lahaye (1947–2020), French actress
* Damien Lahaye (born 1984), Belgian footballer
* Jean-Luc Lahaye (born 1952), French singer, television presenter and writer
* Jef Lahaye (1932–1990), Dutch racing cyclist
* Lucie Lahaye (born 1997), French racing cyclist
* Matthieu Lahaye (born 1984), French racing driver
* Paul Lahaye (1902–1983), Canadian politician
* Tim LaHaye (1926–2016), American evangelical Christian minister and author
* Tristan Lahaye (born 1983), French footballer
* Vital Lahaye (born 1937), Belgian writer and teacher
# Lagan Railway Bridge

Lagan Railway Bridge is a railway and pedestrian bridge across the River Lagan in Belfast, slightly north of Belfast Central railway station. The next bridge upstream is the Albert Bridge, whilst the next downstream is Queen's Bridge.
| Next bridge upstream | River Lagan | Next bridge downstream |
| Albert Bridge | Lagan Railway Bridge | Queen's Bridge |

## Original bridge

From 1875 to 1965, a more rudimentary structure existed in the same location. Built by the Belfast Central Railway as part of its line which linked the Great Northern Railway and the Belfast and County Down Railway, it was a single track eight-span wooden bridge. Heavier locomotives were banned from crossing it, and by the time it was closed by the Ulster Transport Authority in 1965, it had earned the nickname, ''The Lagan Shaky Bridge''. It was subsequently demolished shortly after closure.

## Current bridge

The current structure was opened by Northern Ireland Railways in 1976 as part of the work to reopen the Belfast Central Railway line to passenger traffic. It is double track and supported by four piers. It has six spans (including one over Laganbank Road and is 440 feet (130 m) long. Immediately to the north of the bridge is Lagan Junction, where the Bangor line and Larne/Derry lines diverge at a level junction, with the latter veering to the left and crossing the Lagan again over the Dargan Bridge. On the downstream side of the bridge is a pedestrian walkway, linking Laganbank Road, which the railway part of the bridge crosses and Laganview Court.
* A train crossing the bridge.
* The bridge as seen from East Bridge Street.
54°35′51″N 5°55′02″W﻿ / ﻿54.5976°N 5.9173°W﻿ / 54.5976; -5.9173
# Lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH)

In enzymology, a lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.1.1.55) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    propane-1,2-diol + NADP$^+$ $\rightleftharpoons$ L-lactaldehyde + NADPH + H$^+$
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1,2-propanediol and NADP$^+$, whereas its 3 products are L-lactaldehyde, NADPH, and H$^+$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD$^+$ or NADP$^+$ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is propane-1,2-diol:NADP$^+$ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include lactaldehyde (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), reductase, NADP$^+$-1,2-propanediol dehydrogenase, propanediol dehydrogenase, 1,2-propanediol:NADP$^+$ oxidoreductase, and lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH).
# Lake Benalla

Lake Benalla (/bəˈnælə/), an artificial lake located in Benalla in the High Country region of Victoria, Australia, was created in the 1970s.
In 2010, more than one hundred residents surrounding the lake were evacuated from their homes at Benalla. The river peaked in the city at 4.1 metres (13 ft) which was 40 centimetres (16 in) above its major flood level. A retaining wall built in approximately 1960 to ward off floods kept the flood water level under control.
The Benalla Botanical Gardens are located on the shore of Lake Benalla.
The lake is crossed by the Hume Freeway.
# Laguna Parrillar National Reserve

Laguna Parrillar National Reserve is a national reserve of southern Chile's Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region.
# Lajma

Lajma is a small town in Bolivia.
# Lajla Mattsson Magga

Lajla Mattsson Magga (born 4 November 1942) is a Southern Sami teacher, children's writer and lexicographer. Married to fellow Sami linguist Ole Henrik Magga (born 1947), she lives in Kautokeino Municipality in the far northern Norwegian county of Finnmark.

## Biography

Born in Kall in central Sweden's Åre Municipality, Magga is the daughter of the reindeer herder Gustaf Edvard Mattson (1897–1973) and Elin Margareta Larsson (1887–1973), also a reindeer herder. A qualified teacher, she attended the University of Oslo where she studied the South Sami language. She has a wide field of interest, comprising fiction and non-fiction, translation, teaching, acquisition of language material, and lexicography. In addition to teaching South Sami in both Norway and Sweden, she has acted as an examiner for the Nord-Trøndelag University College.
In 1984, she published her first book Maahke ryöknie, followed by other children's books and textbooks. Magga has carried out research on the South Sami language and its terminology, leading for example to the standardization of place names.
In 1993, together with Knut Bergsland, she published the Southern Sami-Norwegian dictionary Åarjelsaemiendaaroen baakoegaerja/Sydsamisk-norsk ordbok. She had also published children's books in the South Sami language as well as a Norwegian-South Sami dictionary.
In 2010, Magga was awarded the Nordic Sami language prize, Gollegiella. Not only had Magga taught Southern Sami for many years, she had also published dictionaries. She was currently working on a translation of the Bible into South Sami and was writing a grammar of South Sami together with her husband.
# Laisren of Cloonkerrill

Laisren of Cloonkerrill may be the St Laisrén or Molaissi of the Soghain, whose pedigree is given as "Laisren mac Colmain mac Luchtai mac Findcha mac Feidlimti mac Sogain mac Fiacha Araide." This would make him a close relative of Kerrill, Molua of Kilmoluagh and Cuana of Kilcoonagh, all of whom were active evangelists in the Soghain kingdom located in what is now central-east County Galway. This would place Laisren as living in the late fifth or early sixth centuries.
His name seems to have been perpetuated in the placename Laisrend, no longer extant but apparently located in the parish of Clonkeen.
# Laisiasa Gataurua

Laisiasa Gataurua Vosailagi (born 25 November 1981), is a retired Fijian footballer who played as a midfielder. He represented Fiji at the 2003 South Pacific Games.

## Career statistics
### International

| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Fiji | 2003 | 6 | 1 |
| Fiji | 2004 | 7 | 4 |
| Total | Total | 13 | 5 |

### International goals

    Scores and results list Fiji's goal tally first.
| No | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 5 July 2003 | Vodafone Ratu Cakobau Park, Nausori, Fiji | Kiribati | 3–0 | 12–0 | 2003 South Pacific Games |
| 2. | 12 May 2004 | National Soccer Stadium, Apia, Samoa | Papua New Guinea | 3–2 | 4–2 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 3. | 15 May 2004 | National Soccer Stadium, Apia, Samoa | American Samoa | 9–0 | 11–0 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 4. | 15 May 2004 | National Soccer Stadium, Apia, Samoa | American Samoa | 10–0 | 11–0 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 5. | 2 June 2004 | Marden Sports Complex, Adelaide, Australia | Australia | 1–1 | 1–6 | 2004 OFC Nations Cup |
# Lake Arrowhead (Maine)

Lake Arrowhead is an artificial lake in the towns of Waterboro and Limerick in York County, Maine, United States. The lake is an impoundment on the Little Ossipee River, which flows northeast to the Saco River in Limington. Lake Arrowhead has a surface area of approximately 779 acres (3.15 km$^2$). It is surrounded by the large residential Lake Arrowhead Community.
# Lake Harris (New Zealand)

Lake Harris is a small alpine lake near the Harris Saddle on the Routeburn Track in the South Island of New Zealand.

## Biodiversity

Lake Harris is the type locality for the data deficient moth Hydriomena iolanthe. This moth is known only from a single specimen which is now lost.
# Lamaline

Lamaline is a town in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The town had a population of 480 in 1940, 643 in 1956 and 218 in the Canada 2021 Census. Lamaline was a small place with 10 families in 1864. The Way Office was established in 1863 and the first Waymaster was James Pittman.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Lamaline had a population of 218 living in 101 of its 131 total private dwellings, a change of -18.4% from its 2016 population of 267. With a land area of 79.75 km$^2$ (30.79 sq mi), it had a population density of 2.7/km$^2$ (7.1/sq mi) in 2021.
# Lake Rukwa

Lake Rukwa is an endorheic lake located the Rukwa Valley of Rukwa Region, Songwe Region and Katavi Region in southwestern Tanzania. The lake is the third largest inland body of water in the country.

## Geography

The alkaline Lake Rukwa lies midway between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Malawi at an elevation of about 800 metres (2,600 ft), in a parallel branch of the rift system. Almost half of the lake lies in Uwanda Game Reserve.

## Hydrology

The lake has seen large fluctuations in its size over the years, due to varying inflow of streams. Currently it is about 180 kilometres (110 mi) long and averages about 32 kilometres (20 mi) wide, making it about 5,760 square kilometres (2,220 sq mi) in size. In 1929 it was only about 48 kilometres (30 mi) long, but in 1939 it was about 128 kilometres (80 mi) long and 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide. During the early rifting of this part of Africa, the basin of Lake Rukwa may at times have been part of a much larger basin which also included the basins of Lake Tanganyika with Lake Malawi; ancient shorelines suggest a final date of overflow into Lake Tanganyika of 33,000BP. For overflow to occur again, the lake's elevation would need to exceed 900 meters. Overflow into Lake Malawi is not possible now, since the pass between the two basin stands at over 2000 meters elevation. (Neither Lake Tanganyika nor Lake Malawi can overflow into Lake Rukwa since they already overflow into the Atlantic and Indian Oceans respectively.)
There is an accumulation of heavy metals like zinc, mercury, copper, lead, chromium, and nickel in sediment, water, and the muscle tissues of Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) and Oreochromis esculentus (Singida tilapia) in Lake Rukwa.

## Helium discovery

In 2016, an estimated 1.53 billion cubic meters (54.2 billion standard cubic feet) volume of helium gas was discovered in Lake Rukwa worth $3.5 billion.
# Lamorville

Lamorville is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. In January 1973, it absorbed the former communes Deuxnouds-aux-Bois, Lavignéville and Spada.
# Lancien

Lancien is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Frédéric Lancien (born 1971), French cyclist
* Jack Lancien (1923–1991), Canadian ice hockey player
* Nathalie Lancien (born 1970), French racing cyclist
* Noël Lancien (1934–1999), French composer, conductor, and music educator
# Lambeth North

Lambeth North may refer to:
* Lambeth North tube station, a London Underground station
* Lambeth (UK Parliament constituency) (1832–1885)
* Lambeth North (UK Parliament constituency) (1885–1950)
* North Lambeth
# Landmarks (The University of Texas at Austin)

Landmarks is the public art program of The University of Texas at Austin. Its projects are exhibited throughout the university's 433-acre main campus.

## History

Landmarks grew out of a 2005 policy, Art in Public Spaces, that was approved by The University of Texas System Office of the General Counsel and the Executive Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs. The policy set a goal of one to two percent of the capital cost of new construction and major renovations of main campus buildings for the acquisition of public art.
Following the adoption of the policy, Landmarks was established to develop a campus public art collection. Peter Walker Partners Landscape Architects created a Public Art Master Plan in 2007. This plan corresponds to the 1999 César Pelli Campus Master Plan and serves to guide overall public art acquisition and placement. Among many considerations, it proposes the best locations for installations of public art to provide visual anchors at gateways, to accentuate main axis corridors, and to clarify patchy architectural edges.
Landmarks was founded by Andrée Bober who leads the program as curator and director. At the official launch in 2008, The New York Times described Landmarks as "poised to become a destination for modern sculpture." The Metropolitan loan established an art historical foundation upon which the university would build its own collection.

## Artists in the Landmarks Collection

Commissioned artists include: Beth Campbell, Michael Ray Charles, David Ellis, Ann Hamilton, José Parlá, Casey Reas, Ben Rubin, Nancy Rubins, and James Turrell. Works have been acquired by Mark di Suvero, Sol LeWitt, and Marc Quinn. Artists in the Metropolitan Museum of Art long-term sculpture load include: Magdalena Abakanowicz, Willard Boepple, Louise Bourgeois, Deborah Butterfield, Beth Campbell, Anthony Caro, Koren Der Harootian, Jim Dine, Walter Dusenbery, Raoul Hague, Juan Hamilton, David Hare, Hans Hokanson, Bryan Hunt, Frederick Kiesler, Donald Lipski, Seymour Lipton, Bernard Meadows, Robert Murray, Eduardo Paolozzi, Beverly Pepper, Joel Perlman, Antoine Pevsner, Peter Reginato, Ben Rubin, Tony Smith, Ursula von Rydingsvard, and Anita Weschler.
# Landmark point

In morphometrics, landmark point or shortly landmark is a point in a shape object in which correspondences between and within the populations of the object are preserved. In other disciplines, landmarks may be known as vertices, anchor points, control points, sites, profile points, 'sampling' points, nodes, markers, fiducial markers, etc. Landmarks can be defined either manually by experts or automatically by a computer program. There are three basic types of landmarks: anatomical landmarks, mathematical landmarks or pseudo-landmarks.
An anatomical landmark is a biologically-meaningful point in an organism. Usually experts define anatomical points to ensure their correspondences within the same species. Examples of anatomical landmark in shape of a skull are the eye corner, tip of the nose, jaw, etc. Anatomical landmarks determine homologous parts of an organism, which share a common ancestry.
Mathematical landmarks are points in a shape that are located according to some mathematical or geometrical property, for instance, a high curvature point or an extreme point. A computer program usually determines mathematical landmarks used for an automatic pattern recognition.
Pseudo-landmarks are constructed points located between anatomical or mathematical landmarks. A typical example is an equally spaced set of points between two anatomical landmarks to get more sample points from a shape. Pseudo-landmarks are useful during shape matching, when the matching process requires a large number of points.
# Language intensity

Most investigators accept the definition of language intensity proposed by John Waite Bowers: a quality of language that "indicates the degree to which toward a concept deviates from neutrality." Intensity as a lexical variable in communication studies has generated extensive empirical research.

## Theoretical setting

A theory proposed by Bradac, Bowers, and Courtright (1979, 1980) asserts causal relationships among intensity and a number of other psychological, social, and communication variables. An experimental study by Hamilton, Hunter, and Burgoon (1990) generally supports the relationships proposed by the theory at least in the limited domain of persuasion.
Intensity has been related to:
* Other message variables including verbal immediacy, lexical diversity, message style, and verbal aggressiveness.
* Psychological variables such as cognitive stress, arousal, and need for approval.
* Attributional variables including attributions of source internality, attributions of source competence, and attributions of source similarity with audience.
* Speaker–audience attitudinal congruency and discrepancy.
* Credibility of message sources and of messages.
* Information processing.
* Practical variables such as response rate in e-mail surveys and family interventions protecting children from ultraviolet radiation.
* Language expectancy theory