OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexandra Joel

Alexandra Joel (born Susan Lea Joel in 1953) is an internationally published Australian author and the former editor of Harper's Bazaar and Portfolio. Also she is a psychotherapist.

## Early life and education

Joel was born at St Margaret's Hospital, Darlinghurst on 11 December 1953 and was formerly known as Susan Lea Joel. She is the daughter of The Hon Sir Asher Alexander Joel KBE, AO. Alexandra attended Abbotsleigh School for Girls from 1962 to 1971 and completed her Arts degree with Honours in Government at the University of Sydney in 1976.
In 2002 she was awarded a graduate diploma from the Australian College of Applied Psychology, subsequently establishing a counselling and psychotherapy practice.

## Career

Alexandra Joel spent six months as an international intern on the staff of Congressman James H. Scheuer (D) in Washington, D.C., returning to Australia to work as a reporter and newsreader on a regional television station in Queensland.
In 1978 she became the executive director of ITQ8. At the time she was the only female board member of an Australian television station.
She was also a director of Mason Stewart Publishing (prior to its acquisition by British company Emap in 1997) and a director of the Asher Joel Media Group.
From 1979 to 1998 she contributed feature articles, interviews and reviews for major national and metropolitan publications including The Australian, Sydney Morning Herald Good Weekend Magazine, Cleo and Harper's Bazaar.
She was appointed editor of Harper's Bazaar in 1988. In 1991 she became the editor of Portfolio, Australia's first magazine for working women.
Her appointments have included:
* President of the Royal Hospital for Women Foundation
* Trustee of the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences
* Board member, Commonwealth Government's Artbank
# John Russel (cricketer)

John Somerville Russel (19 March 1849 – 12 September 1902) was a Scottish first-class cricketer.
The son of Alexander Russel of The Scotsman, he was born in March 1849 at Edinburgh in, where he was educated at the Royal High School. Russel had a long association with Lord's in London, first playing there in 1870 while assisting the north of Ireland, though it is unclear what qualified him to play for an Irish based team. He made his debut in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Yorkshire at Scarborough in 1875. Russel's playing association with the MCC lasted until 1891, with him appearing in 74 first-class matches for the club. Described by Wisden as an "excellent batsman when at his best" though his "style was not attractive", Russel scored 1,547 runs for the MCC at an average of 13.11 and a high score of 83, one of six half centuries he made. In seasons where he played five for more matches, Russel had his best season in 1882 when he scored 335 runs at an average of 25.76 from nine matches. This season included a match winning performance against Somerset, where he made scores of 56 and 83 opening the batting to help the MCC to a one wicket victory.
In addition to playing first-class cricket for the MCC, he also appeared in one first-class match for the Gentlemen of England in 1879, and two first-class matches each for the Over 30s in the Over 30s v Under 30s fixtures of 1880 and 1882 and for the South in the North v South fixtures of 1878 and 1887. Outside of cricket, he worked as a merchant based in Newcastle upon Tyne, where he played minor matches for Northumberland. When Henry Perkins retired from the position of MCC secretary, Russel initially stood in the election to be his replacement, though he eventually withdrew leaving Francis Lacey unopposed. He died suddenly at Banchory near Aberdeen in September 1902. His brother, Patrick, also played first-class cricket.
# Alexander Maxwell

Alexander Maxwell may refer to:
* Alexander Maxwell (politician)
* Alexander Maxwell (civil servant)
* Alexander Maxwell (bishop)
# John Travers (1867–1928)

John Travers (3 May 1867 – 23 August 1928) was an Australian politician. He represented the South Australian House of Assembly multi-member seat of Flinders from 1906 to 1910 and from 1912 to 1918.
Travers was born at Rice's Creek at Auburn, South Australia. He later moved to the Pekina area with his family, where he was a farmer for many years. He was a District Council of Orroroo councillor for the Pekina Ward from 1902 to 1905, and was appointed a justice of the peace in 1902. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Flinders at the 1905 election.
He was elected to the House of Assembly for Flinders at the 1906 election as a Liberal, although he had earlier approached the United Labor Party about a possible endorsement. He was defeated at the 1910 election. He won the seat back at the 1912 election and was re-elected at the 1915 election. He resigned from the Liberal Union in December 1917 due to his opposition to conscription, and was defeated as an independent at the 1918 election. He was an advocate of the Tod Reservoir project while in parliament.
Having lived in Kingswood, Adelaide for a time, he moved to Woods Point, near Murray Bridge, around 1924, returning to being a grazier. He died at the Soldiers' Memorial Hospital in Murray Bridge in August 1928 and was buried at the Murray Bridge Cemetery.
# John Traupman

John Charles Traupman (January 2, 1923 – February 18, 2019) was an American Professor Emeritus at the Saint Joseph's University, of classics.
Traupman received his PHD in 1964.

## Opera

His works on colloquial Latin include the following:
* 1966, The New Collegiate Latin & English Dictionary
* 1988, Latin is Fun, Book I
* 1994, Latin is Fun, Book II
* 1994, Latin Dictionary (2nd ed.)
* 1996, Conversational Latin for Oral Proficiency
* 2007, Latin and English Dictionary (3rd ed.)
# John Prior Estlin

John Prior Estlin (1747–1817) was an English Unitarian minister. He was noted as a teacher, and for his connections in literary circles.

## Life

He was born at Hinckley, Leicestershire, 9 April (O.S.) 1747, and was the son of Thomas Estlin, hosier, by his wife, née Prior. His education was undertaken by his mother's brother, the Rev. John Prior, vicar of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and chaplain to the Earl of Moira. In 1764 he entered Warrington Academy, where the divinity chair was held by John Aikin. Here he decided that he could not subscribe to the articles of the Church of England, but still desired to become a minister of religion.
In 1770 he accepted an invitation to become the colleague of the Rev. Thomas Wright at the Unitarian chapel at Lewin's Mead, Bristol, and entered on his duties in January 1771. He soon afterwards opened a school at St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, which met with great success, some of his pupils rising to eminence in parliament and the professions. His pupils held him in so much esteem that they obtained the degree of LL.D. (Glasgow) for him without his knowledge. It was conferred in 1807. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, Joseph Priestley, Mrs. Anna Barbauld, and Robert Hall were among his friends.
About 1816 his sight began to fail; in 1817 he resigned his pulpit, receiving a large sum of money from his congregation as a testimonial; and preaching his farewell sermon on 22 June, he retired to a cottage he had built for himself at his favourite summer haunt, Southerndown, Glamorganshire. There, on Sunday 10 August, he died, aged 70. He was buried in the graveyard of Lewin's Mead chapel.

## Works

His publications, of which a list is given at the close of Anna Barbauld's "Memoir" of him (Monthly Repository, xii, 373–5), were numerous, and date from 1790. His Familiar Lectures were published in 1818, and are preceded by a reprint of Barbauld's "Memoir".

## Family

Estlin married first a Miss Coates, secondly a Miss Bishop, both of Bristol. By his first wife he had one son; by the second three sons and three daughters, among them the surgeon John Bishop Estlin, and Anne Maria who married James Cowles Prichard.
# John Prior

John Prior may refer to:
* John Prior (politician), Irish Cumann na nGaedheal politician
* John D. Prior (1840–1923), British trade unionist
* John Prior (musician) (born 1960), Australian musician, composer and producer
* John Prior (cricketer) (born 1960), Irish cricketer
# John Pritchard

John Pritchard may refer to:
* John Pritchard (basketball) (1927–2012), American professional basketball player
* John Pritchard (bishop) (born 1948), Anglican Bishop of Oxford
* John Pritchard (Canadian politician) (1861–1941), Progressive party member of the Canadian House of Commons
* John Pritchard (conductor) (1918–1989), British conductor
* John Pritchard (footballer) (born 1995), English footballer
* John Pritchard (MP) (1797–1891), British Member of Parliament for Bridgnorth
* John Pritchard (rower) (born 1957), British rower who competed in the 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics
* John Pritchard (singer)
* J. E. M. Pritchard (John Edward Maddock Pritchard, 1889–1921), British airship captain
* John Langford Pritchard (1799–1850), English actor
* John Laurence Pritchard (1885–1968), British mathematician and writer
* John T. Pritchard (1883–1965), Wisconsin State Assemblyman
* Jack Pritchard (1899–1992), British furniture designer
# John Turke

John Turke was an English medieval college Fellow and university chancellor.
Turke was a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and Chancellor of the University of Oxford between 1376 and 1377. He was a Doctor of Divinity and later canon of Salisbury Cathedral.
# Alexandra Williams

Alexandra Williams is an American former rugby union player. She represented the United States at the 1994, 1998 and 2002 Rugby World Cup's.
Williams helped set up the Women's Premier League. She played for Harvard-Radcliffe RFC, Beantown RFC and for Berkeley All Blues. Williams made her first appearance for the Eagles at the 1993 Canada Cup. She also played at the 1996 and 2000 Canada Cup's.
In 2018 Williams was inducted into the U.S. Rugby Hall of Fame.
# John Walker (grocer)

John Walker (born 1805, Kilmarnock–1857) was a Scottish grocer, who originated what would become one of the world's most famous whisky brand names, Johnnie Walker, despite the fact he was himself a teetotaler.

## Biography

John Walker was born in 1805 near Kilmarnock in East Ayrshire. When his father Alexander died in 1820, he was left £417 in trust. In 1820, the trustees invested in an Italian warehouse, grocery, and wine and spirits shop on the High Street in Kilmarnock.
In 1833, John married Elizabeth Purves. He was a respected businessman, leader of the local trade association, and a Freemason. His store's stock was almost entirely destroyed in an 1852 flood, but the business recovered within a couple of years. His own whisky brand, then known as "Walker's Kilmarnock Whisky" was popular locally, although John Walker himself was a teetotaler.
John's son Alexander Walker (named after John's father) had apprenticed with a tea merchant in Glasgow, and there learned the art of blending tea. When he returned to take over the business from his ailing father, he used those skills to create Old Highland Whisky (eventually renamed Johnnie Walker Black Label), the blend that made Johnnie Walker whisky famous.
As one writer put it:
   Although he gave his name to the whisky, John Walker was a far less important figure to the brand than his son, Alexander. A disastrous flood in Kilmarnock in 1852 had destroyed all of Walker's stock, and when Alexander joined the business in 1856, he persuaded his father to abandon the narrow realm of the grocery trade and to go into wholesale trading.
   At the beginning, the firm offered a range of spirits: Campbeltown whisky from the Kintyre Peninsula; whisky from the Inner Hebridean Island of Islay, with its pungent smoky flavor; patent still, or grain, whisky; and "Glenlivat" [sic], Speyside whisky. Even so, whisky sales under John Walker represented just 8 percent of the firm's income; by the time Alexander was ready to pass on the company to his own sons, that figure had increased to between 90 and 95 percent.
The Scottish cricketer John Walker, who was later a senior director at John Walker and Co. was a direct descendant of Walker.
# John Walker (industrialist)

John Walker (1843–1932) was a prominent iron and steel industrialist in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania during the early 20th century. He was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, now known as Pittsburgh's North Side. His father was a Scottish immigrant. He was a boyhood friend of Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick; all three of them grew up to be steel industrialists.
Walker founded Wilson, Walker & Co. in 1872, a company producing bar iron, railroad car forgings, and rail plates. In 1886, the company was bought by Carnegie, Phipps & Company and Walker became chairman of the board. As a director of Frick Coke Co., he sided with Frick over Carnegie in their clash to control American steel production. Carnegie offered Walker a $3,000,000 share of Carnegie Steel to change sides; Walker refused to double-cross his friend Frick. Walker retired in 1888.
Walker lived in a mansion on Western Avenue in Pittsburgh's North Side neighborhood.
At Walker's death in 1932, he was one of the last surviving steel masters in Pittsburgh. When Walker died, his family donated his private library to Washington & Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania. The entire library was installed in the Thompson Library exactly as it had been—including an extensive collection of books, bookcases, pictures, furniture, chandeliers, and stained-glass lamps. When the U. Grant Miller Library replaced Thompson Library as the college library in 1965, the room was moved to the new facility, again exactly as it had been during Walker's life. The room is generally used for study and reading.
# Ali Sami Yen Sports Complex

Ali Sami Yen Sports Complex or Ali Sami Yen Spor Kompleksi is a multi-purpose sports complex in the Şişli district of Istanbul, Turkey. It is owned by Galatasaray SK. The complex covers an area of approximately 120,000 m$^2$ (1,300,000 sq ft).

## Construction

| Phase | Name | Status |
| 1. | Rams Global Stadium | Completed |
| 2. | Galatasaray Store and Entertainment Center | Completed |
| 3. | Galatasaray Basketball Arena & Galatasaray Congress Center | Proposed |
| 4. | Galatasaray Museum & Galatasaray Cultural Center | Completed |
| 5. | Galatasaray Medical Park Hospital | Proposed |

### Phase 1

The home ground of Galatasaray is the Rams Global Stadium in the Aslantepe quarter near Maslak financial district in Şişli. The stadium, which was opened on January 15, 2011, has a capacity of 52,223 seats, making it the largest private stadium owned by a club in Turkey.

### Phase 2

Galatasaray Store & Entertainment Center was opened on February 7, 2012. Galatasaray Store & Entertainment Center covers an area of approximately 1,650 m$^2$ (17,800 sq ft). The first floor is dedicated to Galatasaray Store with the help of Nike. The second floor consists of Ülker Fan Zone, Sony PlayStation, Galatasaray HDI Insurance, GS Bilyoner and Magic Pictures areas.
| Floor | Section |
| 1. | Galatasaray Store |
| 2. | Entertainment Center |

### Phase 3

Galatasaray 16,000+ seated indoor arena & Galatasaray Congress Center (1,500 seated)

### Phase 4

Galatasaray Museum & Galatasaray Cultural Center

### Phase 5

Galatasaray Medical Park Hospital
# John Woods (oceanographer)

John David Woods, CBE (born 1939) is a British oceanographer.
He studied physics at Imperial College, London (1958–66), after which he was appointed principal research fellow at the Meteorological Office (1966–72), while leading the RN Operation Thermocline in which he pioneered underwater flow visualisation. Later he joined NERC as Director of Marine and Atmospheric Science (1986-1994), where he created the National Oceanography Centre at Southampton. He held professorships at Southampton University (1972–77), Kiel University (1977-86) and Imperial College London (1994- ), carrying out research into the seasonal boundary layer of the ocean and plankton ecosystem models, and modelling global container freight.
Woods has served on a number of international project committees, including GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Programme), WCRP (World Climate Research Programme0, IGBP (International GeoSphere-Biosphere Programme), EuroGOOS (European Global Ocean Observing System). He was co-chairman of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. He was a lead author of the first report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an organisation which was later awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with Al Gore.
He is now (2015) Emeritus Professor of Oceanography & Complex Systems in the Faculty of Engineering, Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London. He is Adjunct Fellow of Linacre College, University of Oxford (1994- ), and Emeritus Researcher of the CNR (Italian National Research Council).

## Awards and honors

* 1968 Back Award of the Royal Geographical Society
* 1968 L.G.Groves prize, Ministry of Defence.
* 1980 Hon D.Sc., University of Liège, Belgium
* 1982 Silver medal, University of Helsinki
* 1988 Foundation member, Academia Euopæa
* 1991 CBE
* 1991 Hon D.Sc., University of Plymouth
* 1992 William Gaskell Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society
* 1993 Silver medal, Plymouth Marine Sciences
* 1996 Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society
* 2004 Hon D.Sc., University of Southampton
* 2011 British Library, Oral history, Voices of Science

## Books

* 1971 Underwater science [with J.N.Lythgoe]
* 1976 Underwater Research [E.Drew & J.N.Lythgoe)
* 2002 Ocean forecasting [with N.Pinardi ]
* 2006 Benguela: Predicting a Large Marine Ecosystem [with V.Shannon, G.Hempel, P.Malanotte-Rizzoli, C.Moloney]
# Alice (Microsoft)

ALICE is an Artificial Intelligence project initiated by Microsoft Research, known as Automated Learning and Intelligence for Causation and Economics. The project focuses on leveraging state-of-the-art machine learning techniques combined with econometrics to enhance economic decision-making processes.

## History

The primary goal of ALICE is to measure causation in economic systems, which is crucial for making informed policy decisions. This involves understanding the reasons behind the movements within complex economies. The project builds on Microsoft's long history of integrating Economics and Computer Science, bringing together researchers from various fields such as Social Science, AI, and Machine Learning. The ALICE team aims to scale up the adaptation of existing ML technologies for economic applications and develop new deep learning architectures for causal inference. Their research addresses practical policy-relevant applications, including demand estimation, price optimization, effectiveness of advertising, sales strategies, and designing incentives for desirable healthcare and education outcomes. This endeavor aims to democratize economic research using AI, while simultaneously advancing the frontier of AI through economic theory.
One notable aspect of the ALICE project is the collaboration with TripAdvisor. A case study between Microsoft Research and TripAdvisor explored the use of causal AI for customer segmentation, This partnership emerged from a chance encounter between data scientists from both organizations, leading to a joint effort in understanding the impact of a membership model on user engagement. By leveraging an A/B test, the ALICE team developed a new statistical method to measure the direct effects of membership on engagement. This approach, which builds upon traditional instrumental variables techniques, revealed significant variation in user engagement based on the platform used and pages visited by the user.
The collaboration resulted in valuable insights for TripAdvisor. The ALICE team found that membership positively affects user engagement, with significant variation among users. The major drivers of this variation included the platform from which the user accessed TripAdvisor and the pages they visited before the experiment. The key innovation was developing an ML-based method for estimating heterogeneous causal effects in A/B tests with non-compliance, which allows for complex individual-level differences in both compliance and the intervention's effect.
The methodology has been implemented in the EconML software package, an open-source Python library developed by the ALICE team. EconML applies machine learning techniques to estimate individualized causal responses from observational or experimental data.
Principal Economist Eleanor Dillon currently leads the ALICE project at the Microsoft Research Lab - New England.
# John of Alexandria

John of Alexandria (fl. 600–642) was a Byzantine medical writer who lived in Alexandria, in present-day Egypt.
He is thought to be the author of a commentary on Galen's De sectis, a Latin version of which survives in several manuscripts. He wrote a commentary on Hippocrates' book about the foetus (In Hippocratis De natura pueri commentarium), which survives in one Greek manuscript and in a 13th-century Latin version made for King Manfred of Sicily. He also wrote a commentary on the sixth book of Hippocrates' Epidemics (In Hippocratis Epidemiarum librum VI commentarii fragmenta), known from an anonymous Latin translation and from extracts from the Greek original, entered in the margins of a Greek translation of an Arabic medical text.
# John Scott (physician, died 1859)

John Scott FRSE FRCPE FRCP (1797–1859) was a 19th-century Scottish naval surgeon and physician to Queen Victoria in Scotland.

## Life

He was born on 26 January 1797 the youngest son of Rev James Scott of Benholm in Kincardineshire.
He studied at Marischal College in Aberdeen graduating with an MA in 1814. He then served an apprenticeship with two separate surgeons in Brechin. Returning for formal medical training he went to London and then the University of Edinburgh.
He joined the East India Company in 1818 as a Surgeon's Mate. He gained his doctorate (MD) in 1820, and was promoted to full Surgeon, making further journeys to the East Indies in 1821 and 1823.
In 1824 he settled in Barnes in Middlesex and became successful there.
In 1832 Scott was elected a member of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh and served as President in 1847.
By 1845 he is listed as "Physician to the Queen" (Queen Victoria) and living at 43 Queen Street in Edinburgh's New Town. In this year he was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and also became the official medical examiner for the East India Company. In 1850 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being Henry Marshall.
In 1850 he is living at 4 Rutland Street in Edinburgh's West End. He moved back to London around 1851 and had a successful practice in the West End.
In 1854 he began corresponding with Sir George Ballingall. In 1858 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in London.
He died on 19 January 1859, and is buried in Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh.