OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Be star

Be stars are a heterogeneous set of stars with B spectral types and emission lines. A narrower definition, sometimes referred to as classical Be stars, is a non-supergiant B star whose spectrum has, or had at some time, one or more Balmer emission lines.

## Definition and classification

Many stars have B-type spectra and show hydrogen emission lines, including many supergiants, Herbig Ae/Be stars, mass-transferring binary systems, and B[e] stars. It is preferred to restrict usage of the term Be star to non-supergiant stars showing one or more Balmer series lines in emission. These are sometimes referred to as classical Be stars. The emission lines may be present only at certain times.
Although the Be type spectrum is most strongly produced in class B stars, it is also detected in O and A shell stars, and these are sometimes included under the "Be star" banner. Be stars are primarily considered to be main sequence stars, but a number of subgiants and giant stars are also included.

## Discovery

The first star recognized as a Be star was Gamma Cassiopeiae, observed 1866 by Angelo Secchi, the first star ever observed with emission lines. Many other bright stars were found to show similar spectra, although many of these are no longer considered to be classical Be stars. The brightest is Achernar, although it was not recognised as a Be star until 1976.

## Model

With the understanding of the processes of emission line formation in the early 20th century it became clear that these lines in Be stars must come from circumstellar material ejected from the star helped by the rapid rotation of the star. All the observational characteristics of Be stars can now be explained with a gaseous disk that is formed of material ejected from the star. The infrared excess and the polarization result from the scattering of stellar light in the disk, while the line emission is formed by re-processing stellar ultraviolet light in the gaseous disc.

## Shell stars

Some Be stars exhibit spectral features that are interpreted as a detached "shell" of gas surrounding the star, or more accurately a disc or ring. These shell features are thought to be caused when the disc of gas that is present around many Be stars is aligned edge on to us so that it creates very narrow absorption lines in the spectrum.

## Variability

Be stars are often visually and spectroscopically variable. Be stars can be classified as Gamma Cassiopeiae variables when a transient or variable disk is observed. Be stars that show variability without clear indication of the mechanism are listed simply as BE in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars. Some of these are thought to be pulsating stars and are sometimes called Lambda Eridani variables.
# Cape Pollock

Cape Pollock (68°3′S 146°50′E﻿ / ﻿68.050°S 146.833°E﻿ / -68.050; 146.833) is the northern point of Dixson Island, located at the west side of the mouth of Ninnis Glacier. Discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–1914) under Douglas Mawson, who named it for Professor J.A. Pollock of the Expedition Advisory Committee.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Cape Pollock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
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# Canthigaster smithae

Canthigaster smithae, known as the bicolored toby, is a species of pufferfish in the family Tetraodontidae native to the Indian Ocean. It ranges from Agaléga, Mauritius to Durban, South Africa, as well as the Maldives. It is a reef-associated species found at a depth of 20 to 40 m (66 to 131 ft), where it typically occurs alone near rubble and steep rock walls. It is oviparous and reaches 13 cm (5.1 inches) in total length.
# Billy Heath

Joseph Frederick, better known as Billy Heath (1869 – after 1895), was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Woolwich Arsenal. He is best known for having scored the first-ever penalty kick awarded in the Football League, doing it so in a match between Wolves and Accrington at Molineux Stadium on 14 September 1891, which Wolves won 5–0.
# Aulonogyrus

Aulonogyrus is a genus of beetles in the family Gyrinidae, containing the following species:
* Aulonogyrus abdominalis (Aubé, 1838)
* Aulonogyrus abyssinicus Régimbart, 1883
* Aulonogyrus aculeatulus Ochs, 1933
* Aulonogyrus acutus Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus algoensis Régimbart, 1883
* Aulonogyrus alternatus Régimbart, 1892
* Aulonogyrus amoenulus (Boheman, 1848)
* Aulonogyrus angustatus (Dahl, 1823)
* Aulonogyrus antipodum Fauvel, 1903
* Aulonogyrus arrowi Régimbart, 1907
* Aulonogyrus ater Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus aureus Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus bachmanni Ochs, 1937
* Aulonogyrus bedeli Régimbart, 1883
* Aulonogyrus caffer (Aubé, 1838)
* Aulonogyrus camerunensis Ochs, 1933
* Aulonogyrus capensis (Thunberg, 1781)
* Aulonogyrus capensis Bjerken, 1787
* Aulonogyrus carinipennis Régimbart, 1895
* Aulonogyrus centralis Ochs, 1928
* Aulonogyrus clementi Legros, 1946
* Aulonogyrus concinnus (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834)
* Aulonogyrus conspicuus Ochs, 1929
* Aulonogyrus convena Guignot, 1955
* Aulonogyrus cristatus Régimbart, 1903
* Aulonogyrus denti Ochs, 1937
* Aulonogyrus depressus Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus elegantissimus Régimbart, 1883
* Aulonogyrus epipleuricus Régimbart, 1906
* Aulonogyrus flavipes (Boheman, 1848)
* Aulonogyrus flaviventris Régimbart, 1906
* Aulonogyrus formosus (Modeer, 1776)
* Aulonogyrus graueri Ochs, 1937
* Aulonogyrus hypoxanthus Régimbart, 1906
* Aulonogyrus inyanganensis Mazzoldi, 1996
* Aulonogyrus kasikiensis Ochs, 1937
* Aulonogyrus knysnanus Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus latens Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus luimbalus Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus malkini Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus manoviensis Ochs, 1937
* Aulonogyrus marginatus (Aubé, 1838)
* Aulonogyrus monticola Brinck, 1951
* Aulonogyrus naviculus Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus obliquus (Walker, 1858)
* Aulonogyrus rhodesianus Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus sesotho Brinck, 1966
* Aulonogyrus seydeli Ochs, 1954
* Aulonogyrus sharpi Régimbart, 1883
* Aulonogyrus splendidulus (Dupont in Aubé, 1838)
* Aulonogyrus striatus (Fabricius, 1792)
* Aulonogyrus strigosus (Fabricius, 1801)
* Aulonogyrus varians Brinck, 1955
* Aulonogyrus vethi Régimbart, 1886
* Aulonogyrus wehnckei Régimbart, 1883
# Dead on Arrival (disambiguation)

Dead on arrival is a term used when a patient is found clinically dead.
Dead on Arrival may refer to:
* "Dead on Arrival", a song by Fall Out Boy from Take This to Your Grave
* "Dead on Arrival", an episode of CSI: Miami season 7
# Òdena

Òdena (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the comarca of the Anoia in Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the centre of the Òdena Basin, on the side of a small hill. The remains of Òdena castle with its octagonal tower are at the top of the hill. The town is served by the C-241 road from Igualada to Manresa, and the main N-II road from Barcelona to Lleida runs through the municipality.
The Igualada-Òdena Aerodrome is located at the south of the Òdena municipality. The airdrome is home to the Aerosport airshow that takes place every year in April or May. In 2009 it was officially elected by the Catalan government to be converted into a corporate usage airfield. The current 900 metre runway will be extended to 1500 metres and new hangars will be built for sportive and corporate aviation. Ultramagic, the world's second largest manufacturer of hot air balloons, has its headquarters at the Igualada-Òdena aerodrome.

## Demography

| 1900 | 1930 | 1950 | 1970 | 1986 | 2007 |
| 1239 | 1326 | 1327 | 2525 | 2581 | 3161 |

## Subdivisions

The municipality of Òdena comprises ten settlements (populations are as of 2005):
* El Bosc Gran (17)
* Can Sabater (24)
* Can Soler (27)
* Les Casetes d'en Mussons (70)
* L'Espelt (224), in the east of the municipality, with the remains of a Roman villa
* La Font d'en Masarnau (31)
* Òdena (nuclí urbà) (1320)
* El Pla (1099)
* El Raval d'Aguilera (61)
* Samuntà (63)
# Iehiro

Iehiro (written: 家熈 or 家広) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Konoe Iehiro (近衛 家熈, 1667–1736), Japanese court noble
* Iehiro Tokugawa (徳川 家広, born 1965), Japanese writer and translator
# Bearberry (disambiguation)

Bearberry is three species of shrubs in the genus Arctostaphylos.
* Arctostaphylos alpina, alpine bearberry
* Arctostaphylos rubra, red fruit bearberry
* Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, common bearberry
Bearberry may also refer to:
* Arbutus menziesii, a tree native to North America
* Rhamnus purshiana, a species of American buckthorn
* Cranberry, evergreen dwarf shrubs in the genus Vaccinium
# Abacetus acutangulus

Abacetus acutangulus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Tschitscherine in 1903 and is an endemic species of Madagascar.
# Canthigaster punctata

Canthigaster punctata is a species of pufferfish in the family Tetraodontidae. It is a tropical marine species known only from the Mascarene Submarine Ridge in the Indian Ocean. It is reportedly oviparous.
# German submarine U-2506

German submarine U-2506 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. The submarine was laid down on 29 May 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, launched on 5 August 1944, and commissioned on 31 August 1944 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Horst von Schroeter, who commanded her until 9 May 1945. U-2506 conducted no patrols, and surrendered on 9 May 1945 in Bergen, Norway. She was then transferred to Lerwick on 18 June 1945, then Lisahally on 21 June 1945. She was sunk on 5 January 1946 at 55°37′N 07°30′W﻿ / ﻿55.617°N 7.500°W﻿ / 55.617; -7.500.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2506 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-2506 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.
# Audrey Dear Hesson

Audrey Dear Hesson (born 1929 in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian practical craft artist, mainly working with pottery, sculpture, jewelry and textile. She is a member of the Canadian Women Artists History Initiative and was the first black Canadian to graduate from the Nova Scotia College of Art. She is the only living artist in the exhibition curated by David Woods called Discovery: African Nova Scotian Art Pioneers.

## Early life

Hesson was born and grew up in Halifax's north end. In grade nine, she was encouraged to pursue art by her art teacher, the Bedford artist Elizabeth Tolson, who submitted her early art work for the high school art classes at the Nova Scotia College of Art.

## Studies

After graduating from Queen Elizabeth High School, she studied at Nova Scotia College of Art and Design from 1947 to 1951. Hesson majored in crafts and was part of the first graduating class in the college's new art education program, which prepared her to be a professional artist. In 1951, she was the first black graduate of the Nova Scotia College Art and Design.

## Later life

In 1957, Hesson and her husband (who was in the navy) planned to have their first child. She decided to put her art career on hold to be a housewife. In 1988, her art was rediscovered by the curator David Woods.

## Work

Hesson worked in jewellery, metalwork, woodcarving and pottery. When she was a student in college, she made her first art work, commissioned to make a grey Moroccan leather case to be presented to Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh upon their visit to HMCS Ontario.
Hesson mainly worked with jewellery and textile, but more focused on leather crafting and sculpture. Her work represents a wide array of craft-based works.

## African Art Pioneers

The Evergreen House museum in Dartmouth hosted an exhibit called African Maritime Art Pioneers, curated by David Woods. Hesson was one of the artists highlighted in the exhibit. Woods said that "Hesson's works has been exhibited in the past, but never with the other trailblazers of African Maritime arts".

## Legacy

Hesson's works were exhibited along with other notable African-Maritime artists such as Edward Mitchell Bannister and Edith MacDonald-Brown.
# Aikidoka

Aikidoka (合気道家 aikidōka) is a Japanese term for a master-level practitioner of the martial art Aikido. The term is rarely heard among native speakers of Japanese, in spite of its common use as a loanword in other countries.

## Etymology

In the Japanese language, the suffix ka (家, -ka), when added to the name of certain activities, indicates either a person or a profession. In the martial arts, it is used to indicate one who has seriously dedicated their life to their chosen art, or made it a profession; thus karate-ka, judo-ka, aikido-ka and so on, and therefore is inappropriate to use in reference to the vast majority of practitioners.
# List of summits named Round Top

Round Top or Roundtop is the name of several summits, notably:

## In the United States
### Northeastern US

* Round Top (New York), a Catskills summit of Kaaterskill High Peak
* Big Round Top, a hill in the Battle of Gettysburg
* Little Round Top, an important hill in the Battle of Gettysburg
* Roundtop (York County, Pennsylvania), a hill, home of the Roundtop Mountain Resort

### Southeastern US

* Round Top (Georgia), a peak on the Appalachian Trail in Georgia
* Round Top Mountain (Arkansas), a summit in Polk County, 2,467 ft (752 m), (34°37′41″N 94°15′00″W﻿ / ﻿34.628°N 94.250°W﻿ / 34.628; -94.250)
* Round Top Mountain (Tennessee), in the Unaka Range of Sevier County, 3,000 ft (910 m)

### Western US

* Little Round Top (California), a triple watershed point on the Sierra Crest (38°44′25″N 120°2′5″W﻿ / ﻿38.74028°N 120.03472°W﻿ / 38.74028; -120.03472)
* Round Top (Alpine County, California), the highest peak in the Mokelumne Wilderness at 10,381 ft (3,164 m) (38°40′N 120°00′W﻿ / ﻿38.66°N 120.00°W﻿ / 38.66; -120.00)
* Round Top (Contra Costa County, California), an extinct volcano in the Berkeley Hills of California, United States
* Round Top (Oregon), a mountain of the Northern Oregon Coast Range
* Round Top Mountain (Texas), mountain peak in the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas
* Round Top Mountain (Washington), in Colville National Forest, 1,940 m (6,360 ft)

## Other places

* Roundtop Mountain, Quebec, Canada
# Dead on Time (1983 film)

Dead on Time is a 1983 British short film directed by Lyndall Hobbs and written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson.

## Plot

The film is a comedy which tells the story of Bernard Fripp (Rowan Atkinson) a man who, on attending a routine check-up, is diagnosed by his doctor (Nigel Hawthorne) as having a rare disease leaving him only 30 minutes to live.
By the time he leaves the surgery, he only has 24 minutes left, in which he attempts to live life to the full; taking out his life savings, trying to make peace with God (via a vicar played by (Jim Broadbent)), attempting to learn about the significance of the Mona Lisa, reading the back cover of War and Peace to find out what happens in it, listening to Albinoni's Adagio in G minor and looking for true love.

## Production

The featurette was shot in early 1982, at the same time Atkinson wrapped up taping Not The Nine O'Clock News and began working on The Black Adder, premièring later that year and getting a wide theatrical release in February 1983. The meek, socially awkward Bernard is a reworking of an earlier Atkinson character, Robert Box, who appeared on the 1979 special Canned Laughter, which shares a gag regarding the main character tripping over a "Please Help the Blind" sign. Both Fripp and Box have been cited to be prototypes for Mr. Bean.

## Cast

* Rowan Atkinson as Bernard Fripp
* Peter Bull as Old Man in Waiting Room
* Jo Kendall as Nurse
* Nigel Hawthorne as Doctor
* Nell Campbell as Female Teller
* Joshua White as Bank Customer
* Hugh Thomas as Teller
* Alex Norton as Foreigner
* Christopher Biggins as Bigot
* Rupert Everett as Bank Customer / Blind Man
* Adrian Edmondson as Fool (credited as Ade Edmonton)
* Robin Bailey as Intelligent Man
* Tim McInnerny as Customer
* Jim Broadbent as Priest and God
* Greta Scacchi as Pretty Girl
* Nigel Planer as Boring Friend
* Gorden Kaye as Moonie
* Leslie Ash as Girl in Café
* Richard Curtis as Customer in Café
The film features a large number of cameo parts for actors and actresses, often from the alternative comedy circuit, who would later star in their own comedy series, including Leslie Ash, Adrian Edmondson, Tim McInnerny and Nigel Planer. Richard Curtis makes a brief appearance as an angry café customer.
# Denis Le Grant

Denis Le Grant (died March 1352), also known as Dionysius Magni, was a French composer in the ars nova style of late medieval music. Only known for the chace Se ie chans, he was well associated with the French musicians of his time, including Johannes de Muris, Philippe de Vitry and probably Guillaume de Machaut.

## Life and career

Extremely little is known of Denis Le Grant. In 1349 he is known do have been master of the French royal chapel. Some point before 1350 he was the treasurer of Saint-Frambourg in Senlis. He left this post in 23 December 1350, and from then on he was Bishop of Senlis; Denis died in March 1352. The musicologists Richard Hoppin and Suzanne Clercx have identified him with 'Dionisius Normannus', mentioned in the Musicalis/Scientia motet, though this is uncertain.
He is mentioned in the motet Apollinis/Zodiacum, along with other musicians including Johannes de Muris, Philippe de Vitry and Henricus Helene. Denis is known to have been acquainted with Vitry, and borrowed music and astronomy books from Muris. His musical quotation of Guillaume de Machaut suggests he was associated with him as well.

## Music

Denis is only known for a single composition, a chace entitled Se ie chans, which is mentioned by the French poet Gace de la Buigne [fr] in his hunting treatise Roman des Deduis. The motet's opening quotes the text of Coument/Se ie chante/Qui prendroit, an Ars Antiqua motet, which also appears in Machaut's Pour ce que tous mes chans fais.
# Ikast FC

Ikast FC is an association football club based in the town of Ikast, Denmark, that competes in the Jutland Series, the sixth tier of the Danish football league system and the first tier of the regional DBU Jutland. Founded in 2018 as a superstructure of between the amateur departments of Ikast FS and Ikast KFUM, it is affiliated to FC Midtjylland, which is itself a superstructure established in 1999 between the professional departments of Ikast FS and Herning Fremad. The team plays its home matches at Wunderelf Arena where it has been based since its foundation.
Ikast FS, one part of the merger, were Danish Cup finalists three times, in 1986, 1989 and 1997.

## History

Ikast FS was established on 6 December 1935, formed from the merger of Ikast Tennisklub, Ikast Boldklub, and Ikast Salonskytteforening. In 1955, Ikast FS promoted to the 3rd Division and progressed to the 2nd Division within two years. The club's pinnacle arrived in 1978 when it earned promotion to the top tier, maintaining a 13-season tenure. Notably, they secured a silver medal in the Danish championship (DM) in 1987 and claimed bronze in 1990. Despite reaching the Danish Cup final in 1986, 1989, and 1997, victory eluded them each time.
Ikast FS made three appearances in European club competitions, entering the UEFA Cup in 1988 and 1991, and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1989. Unfortunately, the club faced early elimination in all three instances.

## Achievements

* 17 seasons in the Highest Danish League
* 21 seasons in the Second Highest Danish League
* 8 seasons in the Third Highest Danish League
# Bearblock

Bearblock is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* John Bearblock, 16th-century English illustrator
* Walter Bearblock (1796–1857), English cricketer
# Capnodiaceae

The Capnodiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Dothideomycetes. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, as well as temperate rainforests.

## Genera

The following genera are included in the placement in Capnodiaceae (with amount of species);
* Capnodium Mont. (83)
* Chaetocapnodium Hongsanan & K.D. Hyde (1)
* Conidiocarpus Woron. (includes Phragmocapnias Theiss. & Syd.) (ca. 10)
* Fumiglobus D.R. Reynolds & G.S. Gilbert (10)
* Leptoxyphium Speg., 1918(19)
* Limaciniaseta D.R. Reynolds (1)
* Readerielliopsis Crous & Decock (2)
* Scoriadopsis Mend. (1)
* Scorias Fr. (11)
* Aithaloderma – tentative
* Anopeltis – tentative
* Antennariella
* Callebaea – tentative
* Capnodaria
* Capnophaeum – tentative
* Ceramoclasteropsis – tentative
* Conidioxyphium
* Echinothecium – tentative
* Fumagospora
* Hyaloscolecostroma – tentative
* Microxyphium
* Phragmocapnias
* Polychaeton – tentative
* Trichomerium
* Tripospermum
# Harvey, Virginia

Harvey is an unincorporated community in Botetourt County, Virginia, United States.
# German submarine U-2512

German submarine U-2512 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 13 July 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2512. She was launched on 7 September 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Hubert Nordheimer on 10 October 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2512 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-2512 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-2512 was scuttled on 3 May 1945, at Eckernförde, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.