OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Initial stability

Initial stability or primary stability is the resistance of a boat to small changes in the difference between the vertical forces applied on its two sides. The study of initial stability and secondary stability are part of naval architecture as applied to small watercraft (as distinct from the study of ship stability concerning large ships).

## Determination

The Initial stability is determined by the angle of tilting on each side of the boat as its center of gravity (CG) moves sideways as a result of the passengers or cargo moving laterally or as a response to an external force (e.g., a wave).
The wider the boat and the further its volume is distributed away from its center line (CL), the greater the initial stability.

## Examples

Wide mono-hull small boats such as the johnboat have a great deal of initial stability and allow the occupants to stand upright to engage in fishing activities, and so do narrower small boats such as W-kayaks that feature a twin hull.
Very narrow mono-hull boats such as canoes and kayaks have little initial stability, but twin-hull W-kayaks are considerably more stable due to the fact that their buoyancy is distributed at a greater distance from their center line and therefore acts more effectively to reduce tilting. For purposes of stability, it is advantageous to keep the centre of gravity as low as possible in small boats, so occupants are generally seated. Flatwater rowing shells, which have length-to-beam ratios of up to 30:1, are inherently unstable.

## Compared to secondary stability

After approximately 10 degrees of lateral tilt, hull shape gains importance, and secondary stability becomes the dominant consideration in boat stability.

## Other types of ship stability

* Secondary stability
* Tertiary stability: For kayak rolling, tertiary stability, or the stability of an upside-down kayak, is also important (lower tertiary stability makes rolling up easier)
# Craspedia variabilis

Craspedia variabilis, commonly known as billy buttons, is an erect annual or perennial herb which occurs in all mainland states of Australia except for the Northern Territory and in a wide range of habitats in temperate zones but not in alpine areas.

## Description

Craspedia variabilis grows to a height of 10–60 cm, with one to five flower spikes surrounded by a rosette of leaves, with more leaves scattered along the flower spike. Each leaf is spoon-shaped, about 5–13 cm long and 5–20 mm wide. The leaves are pale to olive-green and the flower spike straw-coloured to reddish and both leaves and flower spike are hairy. It has thick, spreading woolly roots and broad, reddish, overlapping leaf-bases which are retained at the base of the flower spike. The flowers, which appear from early spring to early summer, form a hemispherical head of about 40-100 small, golden-yellow individual small flowers, each with a short stalk.

## Taxonomy and naming

Following a review of the genus Craspedia, Joy Everett and Andrew Doust named C. variabilis as a new species, along with C. paludicola, C. canens and C. haplorrhiza. They describe C. variabilis as "a complex species with several forms, some of which may be separable on further work". The specific epithet (variabilis) refers to the number of different forms across its wide distribution.

## Distribution and habitat

Craspedia variabilis is found in a wide variety of habitats but never alpine. In Western Australia it grows on seasonally wet flats, granite outcrops, slopes and in the Sydney region its distribution is described as "widespread in open forests and grassland".

## Use in horticulture

Billy buttons can be propagated from seed and grown in full sun. It grows in any soil provided that it is not too wet. It can be treated as an annual and used effectively as a single specimen or as a massed bedding plant.
# Inhomirim River

The Inhomirim River is a river of Rio de Janeiro state in southeastern Brazil.
# Craugastoridae

Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.

## Taxonomy

The taxon was created by Stephen Blair Hedges, William Edward Duellman and Matthew P. Heinicke in 2008. The taxonomy of these frogs is not yet settled, and other sources may treat the subfamily Strabomantinae as a family, Strabomantidae, with correspondingly smaller Craugastoridae. The family was rearranged in 2014, and more recently in 2021.

## Life history

With the possible exception of Craugastor laticeps that may be ovoviviparous, craugastorid frogs have direct development: no free-living tadpole stage is known; instead, eggs develop directly into small froglets.

## Genera

Two genera are recognised in the family Craugastoridae:
* Craugastor Cope, 1862 (126 species)
* Haddadus Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (three species)

### Taxa formerly in Craugastoridae

The following two taxa were formerly placed in Craugastoridae, but are now incerta sedis within the superfamily Brachycephaloidea, awaiting more data to resolve their position:
* Atopophrynus Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1982 (monotypic)
* Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915 (monotypic)
# Crawling Up a Hill

"Crawling Up a Hill" is the debut single by English blues rock band John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, released in 1964. It was written by the band's founder and singer-songwriter John Mayall. A live version is included on the band's 1965 live album, John Mayall Plays John Mayall. The single was the first released recording to feature future Fleetwood Mac core member John McVie on bass.

## Personnel

Single version
* John Mayall - vocals, organ, harmonica
* Bernie Watson - guitar
* John McVie - bass
* Martin Hart - drums
John Mayall Plays John Mayall live version
* John Mayall - vocals, organ, harmonica
* Roger Dean - guitar
* John McVie - bass
* Hughie Flint - drums

## Katie Melua version

The song was covered by Georgian-British singer Katie Melua for her debut album, Call Off the Search (2003). It was released as a single in 2004 and peaked at number 46 in the United Kingdom and number 88 in the Netherlands.

### Track listing

* "Crawling Up a Hill" 3:28
* "Crawling Up a Hill" (Live Version) 3:18
* "Jack's Room" 5:48
* "Crawling Up a Hill" (Video) 3:19

### Charts

| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 88 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 49 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 46 |
| UK Indie (OCC) | 7 |
# Crawling from the Wreckage

"Crawling from the Wreckage" is a new wave song written by Graham Parker and first released by Dave Edmunds in 1979. Parker, who was unsatisfied with the song, contributed the song to Edmunds, included it on his album Repeat When Necessary. Edmunds' version peaked at number 59 on the UK Singles Chart.
Since its release on Repeat When Necessary, other versions of the song recorded by Edmunds' band Rockpile as well as Parker have been released.

## Background

"Crawling from the Wreckage" was written by Graham Parker and given to Dave Edmunds to record for his 1979 album Repeat When Necessary. Edmunds explained, "He called me up from the studio. He was in there with his band, the Rumour. They were trying to record it and it wasn't working, for some reason. It kept coming out like another song he'd done, 'East Coast Shuffle' or something like that ["New York Shuffle"]. And he said, 'It's just not working with us but it sounds like it'll work for you! Do you want it?' And I said, 'Yep' and I did it and that was it."
Parker, meanwhile, stated the song was a Squeezing Out Sparks reject that Rumour guitarist Martin Belmont thought Edmunds would like. Parker recalled, "'Crawling' was written at the time I was writing the Sparks material and was obviously too frivolous a song to fit with those sessions. Martin Belmont, as it happens, heard my demo of it and asked if he could play it for Dave who was scouting for stuff. Good call, Mart."

## Release

In addition to appearing as the second track on Edmunds' 1979 album Repeat When Necessary, "Crawling from the Wreckage" was released as the third single from that album. The single reached number 59 in the UK. Since then, the song has appeared on several Edmunds compilation albums.
The song's sales led Parker to joke that the song kept him in swimming pools, though he later remarked, "I was of course joking when I said Edmunds' version of 'Wreckage' has kept me in swimming pools ever since. It might have paid for the odd hairbrush, though."

## Critical reception

Goldmine called the song "hilarious". AllMusic dubbed it a "classic" and "relentless" in a retrospective review. Ultimate Classic Rock ranked it Edmunds' third best song on their top ten list of Edmunds songs, writing that it "sounds tailor-made for Edmunds, who swings and sways throughout."

## Chart history

| Chart (1979–80) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart | 59 |

## Other versions

"Crawling from the Wreckage" regularly appeared in setlists for shows by Edmunds' band Rockpile. Live versions of the song appears on the Rockpile live albums Live at Rockpalast and Live at Montreux 1980. Edmunds also included a live take done with the Dave Edmunds Band on I Hear You Rockin'. Two live takes by Parker have also been released: a cut on his 1996 live album, Live from New York, NY, as well as a 1979 live take performed with the Rumour on the 2016 compilation These Dreams Never Sleep.
Status Quo also released a version of the song. Parker later stated he was "thrilled" that the band covered the song. He stated, "I bought a copy right away. ... To be covered by Quo...I was pleasantly stunned."
# Criodrilidae

The family Criodrilidae is represented by genus Criodrilus comprising limicolous (mud-dwelling) and/or aquatic earthworms endemic to the Palaearctic currently known only from Europe and Japan, respectively. Only three or four species are described, and the type, Criodrilus lacuum, has been introduced into North and South Americas, and is found rarely in plant pots or paddy fields.
The Criodrilidae are characterised by holoic nephridia absent from anterior segments (cf. Pontodrilus), a simple gut with no gizzard and no typhlosole. They are true earthworms, having a complex vascular system with capillaries, the male pores (on 15 or 13) behind the female pores (on 14) and a multicelled clitellum. They were at one time placed in the earthworm families Glossoscolecidae or Almidae, but at present are considered to constitute their own family.
Criodrilidae species (criodrilids) are found in mud next to lakes and waterways (cf. North American Sparganophilus). They feed in the low-oxygen mud and organic material, but with their highly vascularized posterior region on or near the surface.
Criodrilus has no accepted common name; Criodrilus bathybates is the Lake Biwa earthworm.
# Inigo Jackson

Anthony Michael Jackson (19 July 1933 – 25 August 2001), known professionally as Inigo Jackson, was an English actor who appeared in theatre, films and television.
After leaving RADA in 1961, he changed his first name to Inigo believing that his birth name of Anthony Michael Jackson was too mundane sounding for a show business career.
One of his earliest film roles was that of Robert de Beaumont in Becket (1964). He later made many television appearances most notably as Athelstane in Ivanhoe and Zentos in the Doctor Who serial The Ark.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1964 | Becket | Robert de Beaumont | |
| 1964 | Saturday Night Out | Harry | |
| 1965 | The Brigand of Kandahar | Captain Boyd | |
| 1965 | He Who Rides a Tiger | Det. Sgt. Scott | |
| 1965 | Doctor Zhivago | Major | Uncredited |
| 1966 | The Fighting Prince of Donegal | | |
| 1966 | Who Killed the Cat? | Dr. Brentwood | |
| 1966 | The Trygon Factor | Ballistics Expert | |
| 1969 | Man on Horseback | Wenzel von Tronka | |
| 1970 | Hell Boats | C.P.O. Stanhope | |
| 1971 | Twins of Evil | Woodman | |
| 1973 | Wolfshead: The Legend of Robin Hood | Legros | (final film role) |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1965 | The Human Jungle | Robson | Episode: "The 24-Hour Man" |
# Intelligent form

An intelligent form is a form in which a programmer or interface designer has placed interactive elements that help the user comprehend and complete the form. The interaction can come in the form of online help, visual cues, and even artificial intelligence. The goal is for the user to complete the form correctly.
# Criquebeuf-sur-Seine

Criquebeuf-sur-Seine (French pronunciation:, literally Criquebeuf on Seine) is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.
# Criquiers

Criquiers (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

A farming village situated in the Pays de Bray, some 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Dieppe, at the junction of the D82, D236 and the D8 roads and on the border with the Oise département.

## Places of interest

* The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the seventeenth century.
* A nineteenth century chapel.
# Crestview Local School District

Crestview Local School District may refer to:
* Crestview Local School District (Columbiana County), Ohio
* Crestview Local School District (Richland County), Ohio
* Crestview Local School District (Van Wert County), Ohio
# Institute of History

Institute of History may refer to:
* Institute of History Sarajevo, in Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Institute of History Belgrade, in Serbia
* Institute of Contemporary History Belgrade [sr], in Serbia
* Institute of Historical Research, (IHR), School of Advanced Study, in UK
* Suffolk Institute of Archaeology & History, in UK
* Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, in US
* Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, in US
* Albany Institute of History & Art
* Pan American Institute of Geography and History
* Institute for Historical Review, in US (Holocaust denial)
* Institute of History of Ukraine, in Ukraine
* Institute of history, ethnology and right, in Ukraine
* Institute of History of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, in Azerbaijan
* Saint Petersburg Institute of History, in Russia
* Norwegian Institute of Local History, in Norway
* Institute of Bavarian History, in Germany
* Institute of Contemporary History (Munich), in Germany
* Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for German History
* A.D. Xenopol Institute of History
* Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands
* National Institute of Korean History
* Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology
* Lithuanian Institute of History
* Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations
* Institute of History of Nicaragua and Central America

## Other

* Institute for the History of Psychiatry
* International Institute of Social History
* Army Institute of Military History, in Pakistan
* Institute of History of the Party (Ukraine)
* Institute of Political History
* Christian History Institute
* Netherlands Institute for Art History
* Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
* Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine
* Institute for History of Musical Reception and Interpretation
* London Museum and Institute of Natural History
* Institute of Archaeology and Art History, Cluj-Napoca
# Inimia

Inimia nat is a species of mantis in the family Nanomantidae, and it is the sole species in the genus Inimia. It is found in south-eastern Queensland, Australia.

## Etymology

This species was first discovered with the aid of the citizen science platform iNaturalist. Following standard practice for binomial names, Inimia nat may be abbreviated to I. nat. Its name is wordplay by the authors to pay homage to iNaturalist, which itself is sometimes abbreviated to iNat.
# Inimicus filamentosus

Inimicus filamentosus, also known as the filament-finned stinger, barred ghoul, two-stick stingfish, or devil scorpionfish, is a member of the Inimicus genus of venomous fishes. It is a member of the Synanceiidae (devilfishes, goblinfishes, and stonefishes) family of the Scorpaeniformes order of ray-finned fishes. These benthic fishes are found on sandy or silty substrates of lagoon and seaward reefs, in coastal regions of tropical oceans. Like all the other known species of Inimicus, I. filamentosus is a demersal ambush predator. They are nocturnal, and often dig themselves partially into the sandy seabed during the day.

## Distribution

Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea and East Africa to Maldives.

## Description

Adults are typically 13-25 centimeters in length, and can weigh up to 480 grams. The body color can be a dull yellow, gray, brown, or rust in color with light blotches, and very similar to that of the surrounding sandy or coral seabed in which they are found. This coloration acts as a camouflage which renders them extremely difficult to detect in their natural habitat. The skin is without scales except along the lateral line, and is covered with venomous spines and wartlike glands which give it a knobby appearance. The head is flattened, depressed and concave. The eyes, mouth and nostrils project upwards and outwards from the dorsal aspect of the head. Sexual dimorphism is not believed to occur in this species.
Fin morphology:
* dorsal fin: composed of 15 to 17 spines and 7 to 9 soft rays.
* caudal fin: composed of 2-4 spines and 4-14 soft rays, with dark bands at basal and subterminal positions.
* pelvic fin: composed of one spine and 3-5 soft rays.
* pectoral fin: composed of 10-12 rays. The two most caudal rays of each pectoral fin are detached from the rest of the fin, and angled in a ventral direction. The fish employ these two rays to prop up the forward part of their body, as well as to "walk" along the bottom of the substrate. The ventral surface of the pectoral fins bears broad black bands containing smaller, lighter spots at the basal and distal ends. In I. filamentosus, these bands are attenuated, while the bands of I. sinensis have yellow spots on them. This is a key feature for distinguishing the two species, which are otherwise nearly identical.

## Behavior

I. filamentosus is a piscivorous ambush predator. It is nocturnal and typically lies partially buried on the sea floor or on a coral head during the day, covering itself with sand and other debris to further camouflage itself. It has no known natural predators. When disturbed by a scuba diver or a potential predator, it fans out its brilliantly colored pectoral and caudal fins as a warning. Once dug in, it is very reluctant to leave its hiding place. When it does move, it displays an unusual mechanism of subcarangiform locomotion — it crawls slowly along the seabed, employing the four lower rays (two on each side) of its pectoral fins as legs.
# Inindependence

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 7.7/10 |
Inindependence is the second album by the math rock band A Minor Forest, released in 1998.

## Critical reception

The Washington Post thought that "A Minor Forest plays arty, (mostly) instrumental rock whose textures and rhythms derive more from German space-rock than from fusion jazz or early '70s British art-rock."
AllMusic wrote that "Inindependence won't go down as a lost classic per se, but there's more here to enjoy than on many a record released as part of the go-nowhere post-rock haze and craze."

## Track listing

All songs written and arranged by A Minor Forest.
# Cristalândia do Piauí

Cristalândia do Piauí is the southernmost city of the Brazilian state of Piauí.
# Cricket in Vietnam

Cricket in Vietnam was first played in the mid–20th Century; however, it was formalised with the formation of the Hanoi Cricket Club in 1993. Cricket is largely played in Vietnam by English expatriates, who maintain cricket's social facets in a largely football (soccer) playing country, as the Vietnam Sports Industry has no official organisation for cricket. Nevertheless, it remains "excited by the idea of promoting cricket" and is advocating the formation of a cricket association, particularly in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi.
In Vietnam, a three-team 30 over Trophy is played annually, and the cricket seasons runs from September to December. From March to May, 40 local cricket clubs also play a season of cricket. The use of rattan matting as a batting wicket meant that run ups in Vietnam are only a few yards long, and this policy was implemented two overs into the first international match between the Hanoi Cricket Club and an England/Australia touring party in 1993. In 2000, a Hanoi player, BT Duong, hit the club's first ever century, the second in the entire nation's history, and the first overseas players began to play. Matches, however, remain oft affected by the weather.
In 2006 the Saigon Cricket Association (SCA) was formed with six, mainly nationality based, teams playing in a 25 over, Sunday Tournament at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) sports ground in Ho Chi Minh City. Expat teams from Australia, England, Sri Lanka, 2 x India and a mixed nation side from RMIT all played in the inaugural year, with the Saigon Australian Cricket Club winning the tournament.
The SCA was renamed the Vietnam Cricket Association (VCA) in 2009, to commence the formal applications for incorporation and to request membership to the Asian Cricket Council. The VCA organises an international sixes tournament in February and/or March of each year.
The Vietnam national cricket team shall debut in the Cricket at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games event.
# Innamincka Regional Reserve

Innamincka Regional Reserve is a protected area located in the north-east of South Australia which includes the town of Innamincka. The regional reserve was proclaimed on 22 December 1988 under National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 over a parcel of land previously part of the Innamincka Pastoral Lease to recognise it as "a place of major conservation importance" whilst permitting ongoing mining and agricultural activity. It was the first "multiple use reserve to be administered by a nature conservation agency" to be declared in South Australia under the category of regional reserve provided for in the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. It is partly located on land that was included on the List of Wetlands of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention under the name Coongie Lakes in 1987. In 2005, a parcel of land was excised from the regional reserve to create the national park now known as Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park. It also includes the Innamincka/Cooper Creek state heritage area. The regional reserve is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area.