OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Curtiss YP-20

The Curtiss YP-20 was an American biplane fighter project developed by Curtiss for the United States Army Air Service.

## Design and development

In 1929, three Curtiss P-11 Hawks were ordered with 600 hp (447 kW) Curtiss H-1640 Chieftain engines. These proved a failure, and before completion, the third was converted to use a 9-cylinder 575 hp (429 kW) Wright Cyclone, being completed as the YP-20. Testing with the R1820 was prolonged, so the Army's intention to promptly switch to a Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror engine and redesignate the aircraft XP-22 was dropped; another P-11 was chosen for that instead.
Except for the engine change and its Townend ring cowling, the YP-20 was not drastically different from the P-6 from which both it and the P-11 derived, though the YP-20 had more fin and less rudder area, and featured a steerable tailwheel, rather than the original skid. Later, a crankcase cover, gear strut fairings, and wheel pants were added.
In June 1931, the AAC held a competition to evaluate the P-6, P-12, XP-22, and YP-20. The XP-22 came out the winner, but the YP-20 was given a nose and landing gear graft from the XP-22, becoming the XP-6E (P-6E prototype). With the addition of a supercharger and an enclosed cockpit, it was tested as the XP-6F.

## Operators
### United States

* United States Army Air Service

## Specifications (original YP-20)

Data from Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 23 ft 0 in (7.01 m)
* Wingspan: 31 ft 6 in (9.60 m)
* Height: 9 ft 3 in (2.82 m)
* Wing area: 252 sq ft (23.4 m$^2$)
* Airfoil: 'Clark Y
* Empty weight: 2,523 lb (1,144 kg)
* Gross weight: 3,231 lb (1,466 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Wright R-1820-9 Cyclone 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 650 hp (480 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 188.6 mph (303.5 km/h, 163.9 kn)
* Cruise speed: 150 mph (240 km/h, 130 kn)
* Range: 237 mi (381 km, 206 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 27,800 ft (8,500 m)
* Rate of climb: 2,600 ft/min (13 m/s)
Armament
* Guns: 2 × fixed forward-firing 0.300 in (7.62 mm) M1919 Browning machine guns
# Cunter (band)

Cunter (formerly known as Hunter) is a five-piece hardcore punk supergroup from Brampton, Ontario whose members are from Moneen, Alexisonfire, BWC Studios and The Abandoned Hearts Club. The band motto is "All intensity, all the time," and they are known for short, ferociously intense songs.

## History

Kenny Bridges and Erik Hughes are members of Moneen, which is a rock band. Hughes, Bridges told an interviewer, "has a great scream" and they, along with BWC Studios producer Greg Dawson, mused about starting a punk rock band, as a side project. On November 1, 2009, Bridges called Dawson to say that they should go ahead, and found that Dawson had already written nine songs. Bridges wrote the tenth; Hughes wrote the lyrics in one evening. They recruited two friends: Alexisonfire drummer Jordan Hastings and The Abandoned Hearts Club guitarist Billy Curtiss.
When they couldn't come up with a name, they borrowed the name of Hughes’ son and called the band 'Hunter'. A Polish band with the same name threatened to sue so, as of May 11, 2011, the band's name became Cunter.
The band’s first EPs were released on 7-inch vinyl by Dine Alone Records. They name their releases according to the number of songs they've recorded; their first EPs were 4, and 8. In 2010, they released their first full-length CD, 10 and, in 2011, 20 (sometimes seen with the sub-title 'Some Really Nice Guy Threatened To Sue Us And Made Us Change Our Name'). In 2013, they released 27, this time on New Damage Records.
Cunter played most of its shows in and around Toronto; they've played club dates and took part in the 2011 Warped Tour.
The band has been inactive since 2013. In 2020, Jordan Hastings said that this is because everyone's so busy, but that he would like to make another Cunter album.

## Members

* Kenny Bridges – bass, originally from Moneen
* Billy Curtiss – guitar, originally from The Abandoned Hearts Club
* Greg Dawson – guitar, originally from Haitian Knife Fight / BWC Studios
* Jordan Hastings – drums, originally from Alexisonfire
* Erik Hughes – vocals, originally from Moneen

## Live members

* George Pettit – vocals, originally from Alexisonfire
* Aaron Wolff – vocals, originally from The End
* Chris "Hippy" Hughes – guitar, originally from Moneen

## Discography

| Date of release | Title | Record label | Pressing | Notes |
| June 16, 2009 | 4 | Dine Alone Records | 502 / Black | |
| September 8, 2009 | 8 | Dine Alone Records | 505 / Black | |
| April 17, 2010 | 10 | Dine Alone Records | 300 / CD | Ltd Record Store Day release |
| June 13, 2011 | 20 | Dine Alone Records | | |
| June 25, 2013 | 27 | New Damage Records | | |
# Curtain Up!

Curtain Up! (2009) is an announced British stage comedy by Peter Quilter, a reworking of his own all-female first play Respecting Your Piers (1998). It is to be re-published by Samuel French Ltd. The show is popular with amateur groups in the UK, where it has been produced over 100 times. It has also had productions in New Zealand, Belgium, and Australia.
# Iorga

Iorga is a Romanian surname that may refer to:
* Laurențiu Iorga (born 1988), Romanian football midfielder
* Leo Iorga (born 1964), Romanian guitarist and singer
* Nicolae Iorga (1871–1940), Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright
* Vasile Iorga (1945–2003), Romanian wrestler
The term may also refer to:
# Cuspidal point

Cuspidal point can refer to:
* Cuspidal point of a curve, see Cusp (singularity)
* Cuspidal point of a surface, see Pinch point (mathematics)
# Cuspidal representation

In number theory, cuspidal representations are certain representations of algebraic groups that occur discretely in $L^{2}$ spaces. The term cuspidal is derived, at a certain distance, from the cusp forms of classical modular form theory. In the contemporary formulation of automorphic representations, representations take the place of holomorphic functions; these representations may be of adelic algebraic groups.
When the group is the general linear group $\operatorname {GL} _{2}$, the cuspidal representations are directly related to cusp forms and Maass forms. For the case of cusp forms, each Hecke eigenform (newform) corresponds to a cuspidal representation.

## Formulation

Let G be a reductive algebraic group over a number field K and let A denote the adeles of K. The group G(K) embeds diagonally in the group G(A) by sending g in G(K) to the tuple (g$_p$)$_p$ in G(A) with g = g$_p$ for all (finite and infinite) primes p. Let Z denote the center of G and let ω be a continuous unitary character from Z(K) \ Z(A)$^×$ to C$^×$. Fix a Haar measure on G(A) and let L$^2$$_0$(G(K) \ G(A), ω) denote the Hilbert space of complex-valued measurable functions, f, on G(A) satisfying
* f(γg) = f(g) for all γ ∈ G(K)
* f(gz) = f(g)ω(z) for all z ∈ Z(A)
* $\int _{Z(\mathbf {A} )G(K)\,\setminus \,G(\mathbf {A} )}|f(g)|^{2}\,dg<\infty$
* $\int _{U(K)\,\setminus \,U(\mathbf {A} )}f(ug)\,du=0$ for all unipotent radicals, U, of all proper parabolic subgroups of G(A) and g ∈ G(A).
The vector space L$^2$$_0$(G(K) \ G(A), ω) is called the space of cusp forms with central character ω on G(A). A function appearing in such a space is called a cuspidal function.
A cuspidal function generates a unitary representation of the group G(A) on the complex Hilbert space $V_{f}$ generated by the right translates of f. Here the action of g ∈ G(A) on $V_{f}$ is given by
    $(g\cdot u)(x)=u(xg),\qquad u(x)=\sum _{j}c_{j}f(xg_{j})\in V_{f}$.
The space of cusp forms with central character ω decomposes into a direct sum of Hilbert spaces
    $L_{0}^{2}(G(K)\setminus G(\mathbf {A} ),\omega )={\widehat {\bigoplus }}_{(\pi ,V_{\pi })}m_{\pi }V_{\pi }$
where the sum is over irreducible subrepresentations of L$^2$$_0$(G(K) \ G(A), ω) and the m$_π$ are positive integers (i.e. each irreducible subrepresentation occurs with finite multiplicity). A cuspidal representation of G(A) is such a subrepresentation (π, V$_π$) for some ω.
The groups for which the multiplicities m$_π$ all equal one are said to have the multiplicity-one property.
# Cuckoo's nest (disambiguation)

A cuckoo's nest is the nest of a cuckoo.
Cuckoo's nest may also refer to:

## Entertainment
### Music

* A song by John Hartford from the 1977 album All in the Name of Love
* A song by Norman Blake from the 1975 album Old and New
* A song by Spiers and Boden from the 2005 album Tunes
* A song by Nickel Creek from the eponymous 2000 album

### Television

* "Cuckoo's Nest" (CSI: NY), an episode of CSI: NY
* The Korean name of the South Korean television series Two Mothers (뻐꾸기 둥지)

## Other uses

* Cuckoo's Nest (nightclub), Costa Mesa, California, U.S.
* Cuckoos Nest railway station, West Yorkshire, Northern England
* Cuckoo's Nest Studio, an animation studio in Taiwan
# Cycloseris curvata

Cycloseris curvata is a species of disc coral in the family Fungiidae. Cyclosteris curvata is a mostly solitary free living scleractinian disc coral found in the indo-pacific region. They grow on soft substrates and are known to tolerate turbid waters. Like other anthozoan corals they lack a medusa stage characteristic of other cnidarians. They have been observed as both green and brown in color in the field.

## Description

Cylosersis curvata polyp structure is composed of strong arches which can be up to 90 millimeters in diameter. Characteristic of other Anthozoans, they have a large gastrovascular cavity which is divided into walls known as septa, which serve to increase interior surface area. In C. curvata they are generally thick and protrude outward. When viewed from above the septa appear to curve asymmetrically. C. curvata like other cnidarians have nematocysts which are stinging tentacles that contain either a barbed or venomous coiled thread. This can be used in both self defense or to capture prey.

### Body plan

Like other Cnidarians, they exhibit an oral-aboral body plan which is characterized by one side containing their mouth and the other without it. Additionally they exhibit radial symmetry meaning their body is symmetrical around a central axis.

## Distribution

Cycloseris curvata have been found in depths ranging from 0-30 meters$^{[1]}$. They are widely distributed through tropical environments ranging from 32°N-31°S. And 32°E-77°W$^{[1]}$.

## Life cycle

At the basis of their life cycle, their zygotes become planular planktonic larvae. They continue through a series of metamorphosis forming tentacles, septa, and a pharynx until they ultimately settle as a polyp$^{[2]}$. Cycloseris curvata have been found to inhabit soft benthic substrates in both inter-reef and reef environments. They can tolerate temperatures ranging from 22°C-27°C

## Reproduction

Anthozoans are either gonochoristic or hermaphrodites. Germ cells originate in the endoderm and are eventually moved to the gastrodermis where they will differentiate. Once the germ cells have matured they are released through the coelenteron into the sea, as a result reproduction is external. In this process many gametes are produced to increase likelihood of fertilization.$^{[3]}$ They can also reproduce asexually through budding or fragmentation.$^{[2]}$

## Behavior

Individuals feed by extending their tentacles and trapping small zooplankton through a process known as suspension feeding.$^{[4]}$ Larger cnidarians can catch fish and crabs with their nematocysts.$^{[4]}$ Not much is known about their interactions with other species, however they seem to form symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic symbionts.$^{[4]}$
# Cylindera bigemina

Cylindera bigemina is an extant species of tiger beetle in the genus Cylindera.
# Cylisticus convexus

Cylisticus convexus, the curly woodlouse, is a species of woodlouse in the family Cylisticidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, and South America.
# Curvatures of the stomach

The curvatures of the stomach are the long, convex, lateral surface, and the shorter, concave, medial surface of the stomach, which are referred to as the greater and lesser curvatures, respectively. The greater curvature, which begins at the cardiac notch, and arches backwards, passing inferiorly to the left, is four or five times longer than the lesser curvature, which attaches to the hepatogastric ligament and is supplied by the left gastric artery and right gastric branch of the hepatic artery.

## Greater curvature

The greater curvature of the stomach forms the lower left or lateral border of the stomach. Starting from the cardiac orifice it begins at the cardiac notch, forming an arch backward, upward, and to the left. A horizontal plane across from the cardiac notch encloses an area called the fundus of the stomach. The highest point of the fundic convex is on a level with the sixth left costal cartilage. The greater curvature continues downward and forward, with a slight convexity to the left as low as the cartilage of the ninth rib; it then turns to the right, to the end of the pylorus.
Directly opposite the incisura angularis of the lesser curvature the greater curvature presents a dilatation, which is the left extremity of the pyloric part; this dilatation is limited on the right by a slight groove, the sulcus intermedius, which is about 2.5 cm from the pyloric sphincter.
The portion between the sulcus intermedius and the pyloric sphincter is termed the pyloric antrum.
At its commencement the greater curvature is covered by peritoneum continuous with that covering the front of the organ.
The left part of the curvature gives attachment to the gastrosplenic ligament, while its anterior portion is attached to the two layers of the greater omentum, separated from each other by the gastroepiploic vessels.

## Lesser curvature

The lesser curvature of the stomach forms the upper right or medial border of the stomach. The lesser curvature of the stomach travels between the cardiac and pyloric orifices. It descends as a continuation of the right margin of the esophagus in front of the fibers of the right crus of the diaphragm, and then, turning to the right, it crosses the first lumbar vertebra and ends at the pylorus.
Nearer its pyloric than its cardiac end is a well-marked notch, the incisura angularis, which varies somewhat in position with the state of distension of the stomach; it serves to separate the stomach into a right and a left portion.
The lesser curvature gives attachment to the two layers of the hepatogastric ligament – part of the lesser omentum, and between these two layers are the left gastric artery and the right gastric branch of the hepatic artery.

## Blood supply

Arteries that primarily supply the greater curvature are the short gastric arteries that supply the upper part, the gastric branches of the left gastroepiploic artery (middle part), and the right gastroepiploic artery (lower part).

## Additional images

* Lesser curvature
* Greater curvature
* Stomach. Lesser curvature. Deep dissection.
* Stomach. Greater curvature. Deep dissection.
# Cymothoe haimodia

Cymothoe haimodia, the haimodia red glider, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in eastern Nigeria and Cameroon. The habitat consists of forests.
Females closely resemble moths of the genus Aletis, of which they might be mimics.
The larvae feed on Rinorea species.
# Cymothoe harmilla

Cymothoe harmilla is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Cameroon, Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## Subspecies

* Cymothoe harmilla harmilla (Nigeria, south-western Cameroon, Gabon)
* Cymothoe harmilla kraepelini Schultze, 1912 (south-eastern Cameroon)
* Cymothoe harmilla micans Bouyer & Joly, 1995 (eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo)
# Irish Theatre Magazine

Irish Theatre Magazine was an online cultural journal dedicated to in-depth coverage of theatre and the performing arts in Ireland.
The print and web archives of Irish Theatre Magazine can be viewed at www.itmarchive.ie
Founded in Dublin in 1998 by Karen Fricker and Willie White, from modest beginnings ITM established itself as a highly respected quarterly cultural print journal. Produced by a small team led by editor-in-chief (1998–2005) Karen Fricker, with managing editor Maura O'Keefe and art director Susan Conley, it was funded by the Arts Council of Ireland (An Chomhairle Ealaíon).
From 2005, it was edited by Helen Meany, and continued to expand its news and feature coverage of all aspects of the performing arts, while upholding its commitment to review every new Irish professional theatre production. Its readership included theatre artists, professionals and keen audience members.
In 2009, at the encouragement of the Arts Council, ITM moved exclusively online, with a new website launched in September 2009.
In 2014, Irish Theatre Magazine ceased operations and created a comprehensive digital archive of the publication, to provide a resource for researchers, scholars and anyone interested in learning about key developments in an art form for which Ireland is internationally renowned.
The print and web archives of Irish Theatre Magazine can be viewed at www.itmarchive.ie and the complete web archive can be accessed at www.itmarchive.ie/web
# Cyathocotylidae

Cyathocotylidae is a family of trematodes in the order Diplostomida.

## Genera

* Holostephanus Szidat, 1936
* Mesostephanus Lutz, 1935
* Neogogatea Chandler & Rausch, 1947
* Paracoenogonimus Katsurada, 1914
* Prohemistomum Odhner, 1913
* Pseudhemistomum Szidat, 1936
# Cyathochaeta teretifolia

Cyathochaeta teretifolia is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia.
The perennial rhizomatous sedge typically grows to a height of 2 metres (6.6 ft) and a width of around 1 m (3.3 ft) with a clumped habit and produces brown flowers.
In Western Australia it is found along the margins of creeks and in swamps mostly along the coast in the Peel, South West and Great Southern regions where it grows in sandy-clay soils.
# Cyathochromis

Cyathochromis obliquidens is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi in east Africa where it is found in shallow, vegetated waters from 1 to 6 metres (3.3 to 19.7 ft) depth. It is an algae grazer, mainly from the leaves of aquatic vegetation. This species grows to a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) TL. It is also found in the aquarium trade. It currently is the only known member of its genus.
# Ireland at the European Games

Ireland participated at the inaugural edition of the European Games in 2015.

## Medal Tables
### Medals by Games

| Games | Athletes | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Rank |
| 2015 Baku | 62 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 26 |
| 2019 Minsk | 65 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 31 |
| 2023 Kraków-Małopolska | 123 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 18 |
| 2027 Istanbul | Future event | Future event | Future event | Future event | Future event | Future event |
| Total | Total | 7 | 7 | 12 | 26 | 27 |

### Medals by sports

| Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Boxing | 5 | 4 | 4 | 13 |
| Kickboxing | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| Rugby_Sevens | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Taekwondo | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Badminton | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| Athletics | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (6 entries) | 7 | 7 | 12 | 26 |

## List of medallists

| Medal | Name(s) | Games | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Michael O'Reilly | 2015 Baku | Boxing | Men's 75 kg |
| Gold | Katie Taylor | 2015 Baku | Boxing | Women's 60 kg |
| Silver | Brendan Irvine | 2015 Baku | Boxing | Men's 49 kg |
| Bronze | Seán McComb | 2015 Baku | Boxing | Men's 60 kg |
| Bronze | Joshua Magee Sam Magee | 2015 Baku | Badminton | Men's doubles |
| Bronze | Chloe Magee Sam Magee | 2015 Baku | Badminton | Mixed doubles |
# Cycas ferruginea

Cycas ferruginea is a plant species native to Vietnam and to the Guangxi region of China. It grows on rocky crevices in forested areas at elevations of 200–500 m. It is known from a belt of limestone bluffs in Lang Son Province and Thai Nguyen Province in Vietnam, and in western Guangxi Province, China. It is also cultivated at the Guilin Botanical Garden, Guangxi.
Cycas ferruginea has pinnate leaves up to 2 m long. Seeds are brown, egg-shaped, up to 3 cm long.
# Custodial participant

A custodial participant is a person who confirms a stock exchange trade on behalf of his client.

## Explanation

When a client enters buy/sell order for trading on a stock exchange, the trading member or stockbroker receives his order and inserts it into the Stock Exchange Trading System. Once an order is confirmed i.e. when buy/sell part gets its corresponding sell/buy part, the trade is forwarded to the settlement system. During the settlement the custodial participant has to confirm that the order placed by the trading member on behalf of his client is valid and that the trade can occur. This helps trade verification for the client/investor and retains the interest of the investor in the market. After the trade occurs, the client or investor can also verify with the depository whether the shares have been allotted to him or not.
Similarly there is depository participant who provides depository services to the client/Investor
# Cycloramphus fuliginosus

Cycloramphus fuliginosus is a species of frog in the family Cycloramphidae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil and known from the Atlantic coastal forest between southeastern Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. Its common name is Tschudi's button frog. The specific name was originally spelled as fulginosus, but the incorrect subsequent spelling fuliginosus by André Marie Constant Duméril and Gabriel Bibron (1841) was followed by later authors and is now preserved on the basis of the "prevailing usage".
Cycloramphus fuliginosus is a common frog. It is a nocturnal species living in primary and secondary forest. Habitat loss is a major threat to it.
# Iranocichla hormuzensis

Iranocichla hormuzensis, also known as the Iranian cichlid or Hormoz cichlid, is a species of mouthbrooding fish from the cichlid family. It is restricted to freshwater and brackish habitats in the drainage of the Mehran River in southern Iran above the Straits of Hormuz. It was formerly regarded as the only species in its genus, but another species, I. persa was described in 2016. These are the only cichlids native to Iran and among the few cichlids in Asia.
I. hormuzensis attains a standard length of about 11 cm (4.3 in) and a total length of about 13 cm (5.1 in). It has a stout body. Young exhibit a silver-green coloration with no fin pigmentation. The adult is mostly black with silver speckles on the body and barring on the dorsal fin. Male adults are distinguished by their longer anal and pelvic fins, and female adults are distinguished by their longer heads. Unlike I. persa, the breast and head of nuptial male I. hormuzensis is blackish (not orange). Although it has not been rated by the IUCN, some authorities believe it is highly threatened.