# Leptodactylus

Leptodactylus is a genus of leptodactylid frogs. It includes the species commonly called ditch frogs or white-lipped frogs. It is very similar to Physalaemus, a close relative, and indeed the 2005 described Leptodactylus lauramiriamae is in some aspects intermediate between them.

## Etymology

The name means ‘slender finger’, from leptos (‘thin, delicate’) and the Greek daktylos (δάκτυλος, ‘finger, toe’).

## Taxonomy

The genus Leptodactylus's sister taxon is the genus Hydrolaetare.
The genus is composed of 4 species groups. However, 3 species have not been assigned to a species group (L. hylodes, L. lauramiriamae, L. ochraceus).
| Species Group | Species included | Image |
| Leptodactylus fuscus group | L. apepyta, L. barrioi, L. albilabris, L. bufonius, L. caatingae, L. camaquara, L. cunicularius, L. cupreus, L. didymus, L. elenae, L. fragilis, L. furnarius, L. fuscus, L. gracilis, L. jolyi, L. kilombo, L. labrosus, L. laticeps, L. latinasus, L. longirostris, L. marambaiae, L. mystaceus, L. mystacinus, L. notoaktites, L. oreomantis, L. plaumanni, L. poecilochilus, L. sertanejo, L. spixi, L. syphax, L. tapiti, L. troglodytes, L. ventrimaculatus, L. watu | L. fuscus (whistling grass frog) |
| Leptodactylus melanonotus group | L. brevipes, L. colombiensis, L. discodactylus, L. diedrus, L. fremitus, L. grisegularis, L. intermedius, L. leptodactyloides, L. magistris, L. melanonotus, L. natalensis, L. nesiotus, L. pascoensis, L. petersii, L. podicipinus, L. pustulatus, L. riveroi, L. sabanensis, L. validus, L. wagneri | L. melanonotus (Sabinal frog) |
| Leptodactylus latrans group | L. bolivianus, L. guianensis, L. insularum, L. latrans, L. luctator, L. macrosternum, L. paranaru, L. payaya, L. silvanimbus, L. viridis | L. latrans (butter frog) |
| Leptodactylus pentadactylus group | L. fallax, L. flavopictus, L. knudseni, L. labyrinthicus, L. laticeps, L. lithonaetes, L. myersi, L. paraensis, L. pentadactylus, L. peritoaktites, L. rhodomerus, L. rhodomystax, L. rhodonotus, L. rugosus, L. savagei, L. stenodema, L. turimiquensis, L. vastus | L. pentadactylus (smoky jungle frog) |

## Species

There are 84 species in this genus:
* Leptodactylus albilabris (Günther, 1859) – Hispaniolan ditch frog
* Leptodactylus apepyta Schneider, Cardozo, Brusquetti, Kolenc, Borteiro, Haddad, Basso, and Baldo, 2019
* Leptodactylus avivoca Carvalho, Seger, Magalhães, Lourenço, and Haddad, 2021
* Leptodactylus barrioi Alves da Silva, Magalhães, Thomassen, Leite, Garda, Brandão, Haddad, Giaretta, and Carvalho, 2020
* Leptodactylus bolivianus Boulenger, 1898
* Leptodactylus brevipes Cope, 1887
* Leptodactylus bufonius Boulenger, 1894
* Leptodactylus caatingae Heyer and Juncá, 2003
* Leptodactylus camaquara Sazima and Bokermann, 1978
* Leptodactylus colombiensis Heyer, 1994
* Leptodactylus cunicularius Sazima and Bokermann, 1978
* Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, Feio, and São Pedro, 2008
* Leptodactylus didymus Heyer, García-Lopez, and Cardoso, 1996
* Leptodactylus diedrus Heyer, 1994
* Leptodactylus discodactylus Boulenger, 1884
* Leptodactylus elenae Heyer, 1978
* Leptodactylus fallax Müller, 1926 – giant ditch frog, mountain chicken
* Leptodactylus flavopictus Lutz, 1926
* Leptodactylus fragilis (Brocchi, 1877) – Mexican white-lipped frog
* Leptodactylus fremitus Carvalho, Fouquet, Lyra, Giaretta, Costa-Campos, Rodrigues, Haddad, and Ron, 2022
* Leptodactylus furnarius Sazima and Bokermann, 1978
* Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799)
* Leptodactylus gracilis (Duméril and Bibron, 1840)
* Leptodactylus griseigularis (Henle, 1981)
* Leptodactylus guianensis Heyer and de Sá, 2011
* Leptodactylus hylodes (Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862)
* Leptodactylus insularum Barbour, 1906
* Leptodactylus intermedius Lutz, 1930
* Leptodactylus jolyi Sazima and Bokermann, 1978
* Leptodactylus kilombo Alves da Silva, Magalhães, Thomassen, Leite, Garda, Brandão, Haddad, Giaretta, and Carvalho, 2020
* Leptodactylus knudseni Heyer, 1972
* Leptodactylus labrosus Jiménez de la Espada, 1875
* Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824)
* Leptodactylus laticeps Boulenger, 1918
* Leptodactylus latinasus Jiménez de la Espada, 1875 – Urnero
* Leptodactylus latrans (Steffen, 1815)
* Leptodactylus lauramiriamae Heyer and Crombie, 2005
* Leptodactylus leptodactyloides (Andersson, 1945)
* Leptodactylus lithonaetes Heyer, 1995
* Leptodactylus longirostris Boulenger, 1882
* Leptodactylus luctator (Hudson, 1892)
* Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926
* Leptodactylus magistris Mijares-Urrutia, 1997
* Leptodactylus marambaiae Izecksohn, 1976
* Leptodactylus melanonotus (Hallowell, 1861)
* Leptodactylus myersi Heyer, 1995
* Leptodactylus mystaceus (Spix, 1824)
* Leptodactylus mystacinus (Burmeister, 1861)
* Leptodactylus natalensis Lutz, 1930
* Leptodactylus nesiotus Heyer, 1994
* Leptodactylus notoaktites Heyer, 1978
* Leptodactylus oreomantis Carvalho, Leite, and Pezzuti, 2013
* Leptodactylus paraensis Heyer, 2005
* Leptodactylus paranaru Magalhães, Lyra, Carvalho, Baldo, Brusquetti, Burella, Colli, Gehara, Giaretta, Haddad, Langone, López, Napoli, Santana, de Sá, and Garda, 2020
* Leptodactylus pascoensis Heyer, 1994
* Leptodactylus payaya Magalhães, Lyra, Carvalho, Baldo, Brusquetti, Burella, Colli, Gehara, Giaretta, Haddad, Langone, López, Napoli, Santana, de Sá, and Garda, 2020
* Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti, 1768) – smoky jungle frog
* Leptodactylus peritoaktites Heyer, 2005
* Leptodactylus petersii (Steindachner, 1864)
* Leptodactylus plaumanni Ahl, 1936
* Leptodactylus podicipinus (Cope, 1862)
* Leptodactylus poecilochilus (Cope, 1862)
* Leptodactylus pustulatus (Peters, 1870)
* Leptodactylus rhodomerus Heyer, 2005
* Leptodactylus rhodomystax Boulenger, 1884
* Leptodactylus rhodonotus (Günther, 1869)
* Leptodactylus riveroi Heyer and Pyburn, 1983
* Leptodactylus rugosus Noble, 1923
* Leptodactylus sabanensis Heyer, 1994
* Leptodactylus savagei Heyer, 2005
* Leptodactylus sertanejo Giaretta and Costa, 2007
* Leptodactylus silvanimbus McCranie, Wilson, and Porras, 1980
* Leptodactylus spixi Heyer, 1983
* Leptodactylus stenodema Jiménez de la Espada, 1875
* Leptodactylus syphax Bokermann, 1969
* Leptodactylus tapiti Sazima and Bokermann, 1978
* Leptodactylus troglodytes Lutz, 1926
* Leptodactylus turimiquensis Heyer, 2005
* Leptodactylus validus Garman, 1888 – windward ditch frog
* Leptodactylus vastus Lutz, 1930
* Leptodactylus ventrimaculatus Boulenger, 1902
* Leptodactylus viridis Jim and Spirandeli Cruz, 1973
* Leptodactylus wagneri (Peters, 1862)
* Leptodactylus watu Alves da Silva, Magalhães, Thomassen, Leite, Garda, Brandão, Haddad, Giaretta, and Carvalho, 2020

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2023). "Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826". Amphibian Species of the World 6.1, an Online Reference. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
* ↑ "Leptodactylus fragilis". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
* ↑ Heyer & Crombie (2005)
* ↑ Dodd, C. Kenneth (2013). Frogs of the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4214-0633-6.
* 1 2 3 4 Sá, Rafael O. de; Grant, Taran; Camargo, Arley; Heyer, W. Ronald; Ponssa, Maria L.; Stanley, Edward (September 2014). "Systematics of the Neotropical Genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Phylogeny, the Relevance of Non-molecular Evidence, and Species Accounts". South American Journal of Herpetology. 9 (s1): S1–S100. doi:10.2994/SAJH-D-13-00022.1. hdl:11336/12350. ISSN 1808-9798.
* 1 2 3 4 Magalhães, Felipe de M.; Lyra, Mariana L.; de Carvalho, Thiago R.; Baldo, Diego; Brusquetti, Francisco; Burella, Pamela; Colli, Guarino R.; Gehara, Marcelo C.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Haddad, Célio F.B.; Langone, José A.; López, Javier A.; Napoli, Marcelo F.; Santana, Diego J.; de Sá, Rafael O. (2020-12-11). "Taxonomic Review of South American Butter Frogs: Phylogeny, Geographic Patterns, and Species Delimitation in the Leptodactylus latrans Species Group (Anura: Leptodactylidae)". Herpetological Monographs. 34 (1). doi:10.1655/0733-1347-31.4.131. ISSN 0733-1347.
* ↑ Schneider, Rosio G.; Cardozo, Dario E.; Brusquetti, Francisco; Kolenc, Francisco; Borteiro, Claudio; Haddad, Célio; Basso, Nestor G.; Baldo, Diego (2019-10-11). "A new frog of the Leptodactylus fuscus species group (Anura: Leptodactylidae), endemic from the South American Gran Chaco". PeerJ. 7: e7869. doi:10.7717/peerj.7869. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6791353. PMID 31616603.
* ↑ Da Silva, Leandro A.; MagalhãEs, Felipe M.; Thomassen, Hans; Leite, Felipe S. F.; Garda, Adrian A.; BrandãO, Reuber A.; Haddad, CéLio F. B.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; De Carvalho, Thiago R. (2020-05-19). "Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species". Zootaxa. 4779 (2). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4779.2.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
* ↑ Heyer, W. Ronald (1969). "The Adaptive Ecology of the Species Groups of the Genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)". Evolution. 23 (3): 421–428. doi:10.2307/2406697. ISSN 0014-3820. JSTOR 2406697. PMID 28562917.
* ↑ Gazoni, Thiago; Lyra, Mariana L.; Ron, Santiago R.; Strüssmann, Christine; Baldo, Diego; Narimatsu, Hideki; Pansonato, André; Schneider, Rosío G.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Parise-Maltempi, Patricia P.; Carvalho, Thiago R. (2021-01-01). "Revisiting the systematics of the Leptodactylus melanonotus group (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Redescription of L. petersii and revalidation of its junior synonyms". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 290: 117–134. Bibcode:2021ZooAn.290..117G. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2020.12.002. ISSN 0044-5231.
* ↑ Carvalho, Thiago R.; Fouquet, Antoine; Lyra, Mariana L.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Costa-Campos, C. Eduardo; Rodrigues, Miguel T.; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Ron, Santiago R. (2022-12-31). "Species diversity and systematics of the Leptodactylus melanonotus group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): review of diagnostic traits and a new species from the Eastern Guiana Shield". Systematics and Biodiversity. 20 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1080/14772000.2022.2089269. ISSN 1477-2000.
* ↑ Heyer, W. Ronald (2005-11-30). "Variation and taxonomic clarification of the large species of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Middle America, Northern South America, and Amazonia". Arquivos de Zoologia (in Portuguese). 37 (3): 269–348. doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v37i3p269-348. ISSN 2176-7793.