OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ibn Hawqal

Muḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal (محمد أبو القاسم بن حوقل), also known as Abū al-Qāsim b. ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī, born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; was a 10th-century Arab Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler who travelled from AD 943 to 969. His famous work, written in 977, is called Surat Al-Ard (صورة الارض; "The face of the Earth"). The date of his death, known from his writings, was after AH 368/AD 978.

## Biography

Details known of Ibn Hawqal's life are extrapolated from his book. He spent the last 30 years of his life traveling to remote parts of Asia and Africa, and writing about different things he saw during his journey. One journey brought him 20° south of the equator along the East African coast where he discovered large populations in regions the ancient Greek writers had deemed uninhabitable.

## Ṣūrat al-’Arḍ

Ibn Hawqal based his great work of geography on a revision and augmentation of the text called Masālik ul-Mamālik by Istakhri (AD 951), which itself was a revised edition of the Ṣuwar al-aqālīm by Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, (ca. AD 921). However Ibn Hawqal was more than an editor, he was a travel writer writing in the style followed later by Abu Ubaydallah al-Bakri in his Kitab al-Masālik wa-al-Mamālik, a literary genre which uses reports of merchants and travellers. Ibn Hawqal introduces 10th century humour into his account of Sicily during the Kalbid-Fatimid dynasty. As a primary source his medieval geography tends to exaggeration, depicting the "barbaric and uncivilised" Christians of Palermo, reflecting the prevailing politics and attitudes of his time. Yet his geographic accounts of his personal travels were relied upon, and found useful, by medieval Arab travellers.
The chapters on al-Andalus, Sicily, and the richly cultivated area of Fraxinet (La Garde-Freinet) describes in detail a number of regional innovations practiced by Muslim farmers and fishermen.
The chapter on the Byzantine Empire—known in the Muslim world as, and called by the Byzantines themselves, the "Lands of the Romans"—gives his first-hand observation of the 360 languages spoken in the Caucasus, with the Lingua Franca being Arabic and Persian across the region. With the description of Kiev, he may have mentioned the route of the Volga Bulgars and the Khazars, which was perhaps taken from Sviatoslav I of Kiev. He also published a cartographic map of Sindh together with accounts of the geography and culture of Sindh and the Indus River.

## Editions

An anonymous epitome of the book was written in AD 1233.
In the 1870s, the famous Dutch orientalist Michael Jan de Goeje edited a selection of manuscript texts by Arab geographers, which was published by Brill, Leiden in the eight-volume series Bibliotheca geographorum Arabicorum. Ibn Haukal's text was the second volume published in 1873 under the Latin title Viae et Regna, descriptio ditionis Moslemicae auctore Abu'l-Kásim Ibn Haukal - "Routes and Realms, a description of Muslim territories by the author Abu'l-Kásim Ibn Haukal".
# Ian McClure (bowls)

Ian McClure (born 23 August 1973) is an indoor and lawn bowler.

## Profile

Ian McClure is from Coleraine and began playing bowls in 1988 after being introduced to the sport by his father and the ex-international Willie Murray.

## Career
### Commonwealth Games

McClure was part of the fours team that secured the gold medal for Northern Ireland at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the other members were Gary McCloy, Martin McHugh and Neil Booth. Previously he had won a fours bronze in the 1994 Commonwealth Games. McClure was selected as part of the Northern Ireland team for the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast in Queensland.
In 2022, he competed in the men's triples and the men's fours at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. In the fours the team of McClure, Sam Barkley, Adam McKeown, Ian McClure and Martin McHugh won the gold medal defeating India in the final.

### World Championships

McClure has won four medals at the World Championships; a triples bronze in the 2000 World Outdoor Bowls Championship and a fours bronze in the 2012 World Outdoor Bowls Championship. He won a silver medal for the combined Irish team with bowls pairs partner Gary Kelly in the pairs at the 2016 World Outdoor Bowls Championship and a fours bronze medal with Martin McHugh, Simon Martin and Neil Mulholland. In 2020, he was selected for the 2020 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Australia but the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2023, he won the triples title, with Derek Smith & Gary McCloy at the British Isles Bowls Championships, held in Ayr. It was his third British Isles crown and second triples, which he last won 29 years previously. Later in 2023, he was selected as part of the team to represent Ireland at the 2023 World Outdoor Bowls Championship. He participated in the men's triples and the men's fours events. In the triples with Stuart Bennett and Martin McHugh, he won the bronze medal. He then won a second bronze medal in the fours event (partnering McHugh, Bennett and Adam McKeown) after winning their group but losing to Australia in the semi final.

### National

McClure is a two time singles winner of the Irish National Bowls Championships (2008 & 2012) and subsequently won the singles at the British Isles Bowls Championships in 2013. In 2022, just one month after winning Commonwealth Games gold he won his sixth national title when winning the triples at the Irish National Bowls Championships.

### Other

In 2011, he won the pairs and fours silver medals at the Atlantic Bowls Championships and in 2015 he won the pairs gold medal and the fours bronze medal at the Atlantic Bowls Championships. In 2018, he won the pairs with Aaron Tennant at the Hong Kong International Bowls Classic.
# Senator Blaine

Senator Blaine may refer to:
* James G. Blaine (1830–1893), U.S. Senator from Maine from 1876 to 1881
* John J. Blaine (1875–1934), U.S. Senator from Wisconsin from 1927 to 1933
# Senator Blevins

Senator Blevins may refer to:
* Harry Blevins (1935–2018), Virginia State Senate
* Patricia Blevins (born 1954), Delaware State Senate
# Senator Bland

Senator Bland may refer to:
* James W. D. Bland (1838–1870), Virginia State Senate
* Mary Groves Bland (1936–2016), Missouri State Senate
* Oscar E. Bland (1877–1951), Indiana State Senate
# Semilimax pyrenaicus

Semilimax pyrenaicus is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vitrinidae. It is a large greyish-brown snail that cannot fully retract into its shell.

## Description

For terms see gastropod shell.
The body of this semi-slug is too large to be contained in the very flat and depressed ear-shaped shell. The shell body whorl is ¾ of the total breadth viewed from above. It is very thin, fragile and transparent. Shell colour is greenish or yellowish. The shell aperture has a mouth membrane which runs from the umbilicus along the inside of the outer lip. The animal is pale to dark grey or black, paler forms have large dark grey areas. The mantle lobe is very large. Genitalia:Penis with appendix, joins vagina below the insertion of spermatheca duct.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is known to occur in Brittany, the French Pyrenees, Andorra, Spain and southwestern Ireland. This is called a Lusitanian distribution and was at one time thought to represent the survival of species in an ice-free land mass that served as a refugium during the last ice age. This theory has now been discredited as Ireland is thought to have been entirely covered by ice during the height of the Quaternary glaciation. It now seems likely that these species were re-introduced into Ireland after the last glaciation, probably accidentally with human migration in the late Paleolithic or early Mesolithic. It typically inhabits humid and shady places, between rocks, or in Ireland in woodland amongst moist ground litter, usually on non-calcareous soils. It is not usually found in areas grazed by livestock.
# Ian Yuill

Ian Gillan Yuill, (born 12 February 1964) is a Scottish politician who has served as councillor in Aberdeen, Scotland since 1994. A member of the Scottish Liberal Democrats, he has served as Co-Leader of Aberdeen City Council since 18th May 2022. Yuill was previously the Depute Leader of Aberdeen City Council from 2003 to 2007 and Chair of NESTRANS from 2011 to 2012. Yuill was both Convener of the Scottish Liberal Democrats and Vice President of the UK Liberal Democrats between 1998 and 2002.

## Background and personal life

Born in Perth, Scotland, Yuill was brought up and educated in Aberdeen. He was educated at Robert Gordon's College in Aberdeen and at Robert Gordon Institute of Technology (now Robert Gordon University), Aberdeen, where he obtained a BA in Business Studies. He worked in Aberdeen as a retail manager, political campaign organiser, constituency manager for Nicol Stephen MP, community business manager and senior manager for a large Scottish charity. Yuill is a Chartered Marketer.

## Political career

Yuill was elected to represent the Auchinyell division of the former Grampian Regional Council on 5 May 1994 and subsequently to represent the Morningside ward of the then newly created Aberdeen City Council on 6 April 1995.
He has continued to represent the same general area of Aberdeen through a number of ward name and ward boundary changes and currently represents the Airyhall/Broomhill/Garthdee ward. He was most recently re-elected in May 2022.
On 18 May 2022 Yuill was appointed Co-Leader of Aberdeen City Council as part of a Partnership Agreement between the Liberal Democrats and the Scottish National Party (SNP) to form a coalition to lead the Council.
Yuill stood for election to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 (North East Scotland Region) and again in 2021 (Aberdeen South and North Kincardine constituency and North East Scotland Region).
He also stood for the Aberdeen South UK Parliament constituency in the 2001 election, but was defeated by the Scottish Labour candidate Anne Begg. He again stood for Aberdeen South in the 2019 UK general election. The constituency was won by SNP candidate Stephen Flynn.
# Senator Flynn

Senator Flynn may refer to:
* Carol Flynn (born 1933), Minnesota State Senate
* Gerald T. Flynn (1910–1990), Wisconsin State Senate
* James Flynn (politician) (born 1944), Wisconsin State Senate
* John E. Flynn (1912–2003), New York State Senate
# Ibbenbüren-Laggenbeck station

Ibbenbüren-Laggenbeck is a railway station located in Laggenbeck, a village of Ibbenbüren, Germany. The station was opened in 1884 and is located on the Löhne–Rheine line. The train services are operated by WestfalenBahn. The station was known as Laggenbeck until December 2004.

## Train services

The following services currently call at Rheine:
* Regional services RE 60 Rheine - Osnabrück - Minden - Hanover - Braunschweig
* Local services RB 61 Bad Bentheim - Rheine - Osnabrück - Herford - Bielefeld
# Senator Ingram

Senator Ingram may refer to:
* G. Erle Ingram (born 1883), Wisconsin State State Senate
* Keith Ingram (born 1955), Arkansas State Senate
* W. K. Ingram (1910–1981), Arkansas State Senate
# Scouting and Guiding in Fiji

The Scout and Guide movement in Fiji is served by
* Fiji Girl Guides Association, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
* Fiji Scouts Association, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement
# Globicornis

Globicornis is a genus of beetles in the family Dermestidae, the skin beetles. They are distributed throughout the world.
As of 2013 there are 27 species divided into 5 subgenera.
Species include:
* Globicornis alpina Pic, 1912
* Globicornis ambericus Háva, Prokop & Herrmann, 2006
* Globicornis antoniae Reitter, 1884
* Globicornis bifasciata Perris, 1866
* Globicornis bodemeyeri Ganglbauer in Bodemeyer, 1900
* Globicornis breviclavis Reitter in Schneider & Leder, 1878
* Globicornis cervinus Sturm, 1843
* Globicornis clavata Reitter, 1881
* Globicornis corticalis (Eichhoff, 1863)
* Globicornis depressa Mulsant & Rey, 1868
* Globicornis emarginata Gyllenhal, 1808
* Globicornis emeii Háva & Kadej, 2014
* Globicornis fasciata Fairmaire & Brisout, 1859
* Globicornis kafkai Háva, 2000
* Globicornis latenotata Pic, 1915
* Globicornis longulus LeConte, 1863
* Globicornis luckowi Herrmann, Háva & Kadej, 2011
* Globicornis maculatus Háva, 2004
* Globicornis mongolicus Zhantiev, 1973
* Globicornis nigripes Fabricius, 1792
* Globicornis picta Küster, 1851
* Globicornis quadriguttatus Reitter, 1878
* Globicornis quadrinaevus Reitter, 1908
* Globicornis quadripunctata Zhantiev, 1975
* Globicornis rufoguttatus Pic, 1899
* Globicornis semilimbata Pic, 1906
* Globicornis signatipennis Pic, 1899
* Globicornis stebbinsi Beal, 1954
* Globicornis sulcata Brisout de Barneville, 1866
* Globicornis tristis Reitter, 1881
* Globicornis variegata Küster, 1851
* Globicornis vaulogeri Pic, 1900
# Quarnford

Quarnford is a village and civil parish in the Staffordshire Moorlands district of Staffordshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 244, reducing marginally to 242 at the 2011 census. The village is in the Peak District, between Buxton and Leek.
The village (as opposed to the parish) is known by the name "Flash" and is the highest village in Britain, being some 1518 ft above sea level. The local church of St. Paul's was built starting in 1743, its graveyard contains graves dating back to at least 1791.
Although the village historically was almost an outpost due to its relative isolation and small economic significance, it is situated in some of the most picturesque and unspoilt areas of the English countryside.
# Gmina Górzno

Gmina Górzno may refer to either of the following administrative districts in Poland:
* Gmina Górzno, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Gmina Górzno, Masovian Voivodeship
# Gmina Górzno, Masovian Voivodeship

Gmina Górzno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Górzno, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Garwolin and 64 km (40 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
The gmina covers an area of 90.84 square kilometres (35.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,112.

## Villages

Gmina Górzno contains the villages and settlements of Chęciny, Gąsów, Górzno, Górzno-Kolonia, Goździk, Józefów, Kobyla Wola, Łąki, Mierzączka, Piaski, Potaszniki, Reducin, Samorządki, Unin and Wólka Ostrożeńska.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Górzno is bordered by the town of Garwolin and by the gminas of Borowie, Garwolin, Łaskarzew, Miastków Kościelny, Sobolew and Żelechów.
# Global Citizen

Global Citizen may refer to:
* Global citizenship, the concept that one's identity transcends geography or political borders
* Global Citizen (organization), an international advocacy organization fighting to end extreme poverty
* Global Citizen Festival, an annual music festival started in 2012 and organized by Global Citizen
# Que El Ritmo No Pare

Que El Ritmo No Pare is the fourth studio album by the Mexican singer Patricia Manterola.

## Singles

* "Que El Ritmo No Pare" was the first single from the album. four versions of the songs were recorded: "Que El Fútbol No Pare", for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, "Que Mexico No Pare", used as a fight song for the Mexico national team also as one of the official anthem of the XFL on TUDN, and an English-language version of the song "The Rhythm", used as a theme song for the 2001 Formula One season and is used in the 2014 video game NASCAR '14
# Queens Are Trumps: Kirifuda wa Queen

Queens Are Trumps: Kirifuda wa Queen (Queens are trumps -切り札はクイーン-) is the fourth studio album by Japanese pop rock band, Scandal. The album was released on September 26, 2012 by Epic. It is available in three different editions, a limited CD+DVD version, a regular CD Only version, and a limited CD+Photobook edition. The album reached #4 on the Oricon weekly charts and charted for 12 weeks.
"Welcome home" was used as the theme song for the TV program Mizu to Midori no Campaign.

## Personnel

* HARUNA (Haruna Ono) - lead vocals, rhythm guitar
* MAMI (Mami Sasazaki) - lead guitar, lead vocals on track 7, backing vocals
* TOMOMI (Tomomi Ogawa) - bass, lead and backing vocals
* RINA (Rina Suzuki) - drums, backing vocals

### Guest musicians

* Yoshio Nomura - lead guitar on track 1
* Yūzō Ōkusu - synthesizer
* Hirohito Furui - synthesizer
* Akira Onozuka - piano
* Kazuta Katsuki - saxophone
* Watanabe Fire - saxophone
* Shin Kazuhara - trumpet
* Sirō Sasaki - trumpet
* Azusa Tōjō - trombone
* Matarō Misawa - percussions
* Yuki Okazaki - chorus
* Yūichi Ikusawa - chorus
# Go-Go (Alphabeat song)

"Go-Go" was the fourth single released by Alphabeat. It was introduced on the international edition of their first album, but was not released as a single outside of Denmark.
It features backing vocals by girl band The Real Heat.

## Charts

"Go-Go" charted in Denmark at number 14.
| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| Denmark (Tracklisten) | 14 |
# Quinipissa

The Quinipissa (sometimes spelled Kinipissa in French sources) were an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands who were living on the lower Mississippi River, in present-day Louisiana, as reported by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in 1682.
In 1682, La Salle encountered a group of Quinipissa living with the Koroa in a village on the western bank of the Mississippi River.
The Quinipissa joined the Mougoulacha. The combined group shared a village with the Bayagoula. In 1700, the Bayagoula massacred both the Quinipissa and Mougoulacha, and they were not mentioned again by chroniclers of the time.

## Language

The Quinipissa may have spoken the same language as the Mougoulacha and Bayagoula. The Bayagoula language is only attested with a single word.
Albert Gatschet considered Quinipissa a Muskogean language Coast Choctaw ("Coast Chaʼhta") based on evidence that many peoples of this area spoke the lingua franca Mobilian Jargon and have names that appear to be exonyms of Mobilian Jargon or Muskogean origin. This is repeated by John W. Powell and John Swanton. However, a map by Nicolas de Fer states that all nations of this region spoke different languages and barely understood each other. Thus, there is no real linguistic evidence to conclude that the Quinipissa are Muskogean.
# Blechnum

Blechnum, known as hard fern, is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Two very different circumscriptions of the genus are used by different authors. In the PPG I system, based on Gasper et al. (2016), Blechnum is one of 18 genera in the subfamily Blechnoideae, and has about 30 species. Other sources use a very broadly defined Blechnum s.l., including accepting only two other genera in the subfamily. The genus then has about 250 species. In the PPG I circumscription, the genus is mostly neotropical, with a few southern African species.

## Description

Plants in the genus Blechnum (as circumscribed in the PPG I classification) are mainly terrestrial or grow on rocks; few are epiphytes. Their rhizomes may be upright or creeping and have scales with entire margins or at most a few very small teeth. They generally form stolons, which is a characteristic of the genus. The sterile and fertile fronds are usually of the same form or at most slightly different. The blades of the fronds are of one colour and are usually pinnatisect or unipinnate, rarely entire. The leaf veins are usually free, dividing one to three times, each ending near the frond margin in an enlarged tip. The sori have indusia (scale-like coverings).

## Species

Using the PPG I circumscription, as of December 2019, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following species and hybrids.
* Blechnum anthracinum R.C.Moran
* Blechnum appendiculatum Willd.
* Blechnum arcuatum J.Rémy ex Fée
* Blechnum areolatum V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino
* Blechnum asplenioides Sw.
* Blechnum auriculatum Cav.
* Blechnum australe L.
* Blechnum austrobrasilianum de la Sota
* Blechnum × caudatum Cav.
* Blechnum × confluens Schltdl. & Cham.
* Blechnum × falciculatum C.Presl
* Blechnum gracile Kaulf.
* Blechnum gracilipes (Rosenst.) M.Kessler & A.R.Sm.
* Blechnum guayanense A.Rojas
* Blechnum hastatum Kaulf.
* Blechnum heringeri Brade
* Blechnum laevigatum Cav.
* Blechnum lanceola Sw.
* Blechnum × leopoldense (Dutra) V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino
* Blechnum longipilosum V.A.O.Dittrich & Salino
* Blechnum ludificans Herter
* Blechnum malacothrix Maxon & Morton
* Blechnum meridense Klotzsch
* Blechnum occidentale L.
* Blechnum × pampasicum de la Sota & M.L.Durán
* Blechnum polypodioides Raddi
* Blechnum punctulatum Sw.
* Blechnum tomentosum M.Kessler & A.R.Sm.
# Joseph Enseling

Joseph Bernhard Hubert Enseling ((1886-11-28)28 November 1886 – (1957-07-16)16 July 1957) was a German sculptor and university professor. Educated in Düsseldorf and Paris, he lectured at the Düsseldorf Art Academy and taught the artists Joseph Beuys and Hermann Blumenthal. His own work encompassed industrial and mining monuments as well as architectural sculptures. He also created portraits of personalities from the 1920s and 1930s.

## Life and work

After training as a sculptor, Enseling studied from 1905 to 1910 with the sculptor Rudolf Bosselt, the painter and designer Peter Behrens and the architect Wilhelm Kreis at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf and from 1910 to 1912 at the Académie Colarossi in Paris with Aristide Maillol. From 1922, he taught at what would later become the Folkwang School in Essen and from 1938 to 1952 he was professor at the Düsseldorf Art Academy. Among his students were Joseph Beuys and Hermann Blumenthal.
Enseling's work, which was often commissioned, consists of industrial and mining monuments as well as architectural sculptures, which were often created in collaboration with locally and regionally known architects such as Edmund Körner or Georg Metzendorf. In Essen, Enseling produced the putti (1910) on the Moltkebrücke and two allegorical giants (1911) in the immediate vicinity at the main entrance of the building trade school (today's Robert Schmidt vocational college) in the Moltkeviertel and the treasure trove fountain (1911/1912) on the Market place of the Margarethenhöhe. He also created portraits of personalities from the 1920s and 1930s and various memorials. One of them was the memorial erected on the market square in Essen-Frintrop in 1927 to commemorate those who died in the first World War, which was destroyed in a bomb attack on December 31, 1944.

## Literature

* Enseling, Josef . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 2 : E-J . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1955, p. 42-43 .
* Enseling, Joseph . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 5 : V-Z. Supplements: A-G . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1961, p. 461 .
* Enseling, Joseph . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 34, Saur, Munich a. a. 2002, ISBN 3-598-22774-4 , p. 163.
* Walter Habel (Ed.): Who is who? The German who's who. arani, Berlin 1955, p. 245.
# Aadi

Aadi or Aadhi or AADI may refer to:

## Calendars

* Aadi, the fourth month of the Tamil calendar.

## Media
### Film

* Aadi (2002 film), a 2002 Telugu film.
* Aadi (2005 film), a 2005 Kannada film.
* Aathi, a 2006 Tamil film.
* Aadi (2016 film), a 2016 Bengali film.
* Aadhi, a 2018 Malayalam film

### Actors

* Aadi (actor), a Telugu film actor.
* Aadhi Pinisetty, a Tamil and Telugu film actor.
* Aadi Adeal, a Pakistani Television actor.

### Music

* Aadi (album), a 2005 album by the Syrian singer Asalah Nasri.
* Aadhi (singer), the lead vocalist of underground band Hiphop Tamizha.

## Other

* AADI, association of musical interpreters in Argentina, founded in 1957.
# Senator Ives

Senator Ives may refer to:
* Edward H. Ives (1819–1892), Wisconsin State Senate
* Eugene S. Ives (1859–1917), New York State Senate
* Gideon S. Ives (1846–1927), Minnesota State Senate
* Irving Ives (1896–1962), U.S. Senator from New York from 1947 to 1959