OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of inflammatory bowel disease. It was established in 1995 and is published by Oxford University Press. It is the official journal of the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation. The editor-in-chief is Fabio Cominelli (Case Western Reserve University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 7.29, ranking it 22nd out of 93 journals in the category "Gastroenterology & Hepatology".
# Inimicus sinensis

Inimicus sinensis, also known as the spotted ghoul, Chinese stinger, spotted stingerfish, or spotted stonefish, is a member of the Inimicus genus of venomous fishes. It is a member of the Synanceiidae (devilfishes, goblinfishes, and stonefishes) family of the Scorpaeniformes order of ray-finned fishes. These benthic fishes are found on sandy or silty substrates of lagoon and seaward reefs, in coastal regions of tropical oceans. Like all the other known species of Inimicus, I. sinensis is a demersal ambush predator. They are nocturnal, and often dig themselves partially into the sandy seabed during the day.

## Geographic distribution

Indo-Pacific: Indian Ocean to Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, the Arafura Sea and Western Australia.

## Physical description

I. sinensis adults can attain a body length of up to 26 centimeters in length. The body color is red or sandy yellow with light blotches, and very similar to that of the surrounding sandy or coral seabed in which they are found. This coloration acts as a camouflage which renders them extremely difficult to detect in their natural habitat. The skin is without scales except along the lateral line, and is covered with venomous spines and wartlike glands which give it a knobby appearance. The head is flattened, depressed and concave. The eyes, mouth and nostrils project upwards and outwards from the dorsal aspect of the head. Sexual dimorphism is not believed to occur in this species.
Fin morphology:
* dorsal fin: composed of 15 to 17 spines and 7 to 9 soft rays.
* caudal fin: composed of 2-4 spines and 4-14 soft rays, with dark bands at basal and subterminal positions.
* pelvic fin: composed of one spine and 3-5 soft rays.
* pectoral fin: composed of 10-12 rays. The two most caudal rays of each pectoral fin are detached from the rest of the fin, and angled in a ventral direction. The fish employ these two rays to prop up the forward part of their body, as well as to "walk" along the bottom of the substrate. The ventral surface of the pectoral fins bears broad black bands containing smaller, lighter spots at the basal and distal ends. In I. filamentosus, these bands are attenuated, while the bands of I. sinensis have yellow spots on them. This is a key feature for distinguishing the two species, which are otherwise nearly identical.

## Behavior

I. sinensis is a piscivorous ambush predator. It is nocturnal and typically lies partially buried on the sea floor or on a coral head during the day, covering itself with sand and other debris to further camouflage itself. It has no known natural predators. When disturbed by a scuba diver or a potential predator, it fans out its brilliantly colored pectoral and caudal fins as a warning. Once dug in, it is very reluctant to leave its hiding place. When it does move, it displays an unusual mechanism of subcarangiform locomotion---it crawls slowly along the seabed, employing the four lower rays (two on each side) of its pectoral fins as legs.
# Cristallina Hut

The Cristallina Hut (German Cristallinahütte, Italian Capanna Cristallina) is a mountain hut of the Swiss Alpine Club, located in the Lepontine Alps in the Swiss canton of Ticino--specifically, On the west side of the Cristallina mountain.
The original Cristallina Hut was built in 1939, but was almost completely destroyed during an avalanche in 1999, the third avalanche to cause the hut serious damage. It was rebuilt in 2002, 150 meters lower, on the Cristallina Pass, situated between the Bavona valley and the Val Bedretto, at an altitude of 2575 meters. The new hut was designed by Baserga Mozzetti, of Muralto.
From Ossasco (Val Bedretto) the hut is reached in about three and a half hours; from Fusio in six and a half hours. It has 120 beds, divided over 17 rooms. It is open from the end of June to the beginning of October, and occasionally during the winter as well.
* interior
# Crime in the Maldives

Crime in the Maldives ranks from low to moderate, but crime rates in the country have increased significantly in recent years. Incidents of theft on beaches or in hotels do occur. Juvenile delinquency is a growing problem in the Maldives. According to the data available from the Ministry of Defence and National Security, there has been an increase in petty crime in the country. In 1992, 169 cases of petty crime were reported, while the number was 462 in 1996. The number of sentenced persons under the age of 19 also increased from 391 in 1988 to 512 in 1998. Fraud examiner Peter Lilley in his book Dirty Dealing writes that money laundering is not a significant problem in the Maldives.
   "Drug abuse in Maldives has reached alarming levels, and, according to several ministries and high ranking officials, is now the most serious problem the country is facing."
— Report of the International Narcotics Control Board 2006

## Drug abuse

Drug abuse is increasing in the country. The Maldives are near one of two major illicit opium producing centers in Asia - the Golden Triangle comprising Myanmar, Thailand and Laos. Many tourists visit the country from different parts of the world like Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia. These factors make the Maldives vulnerable as a point for illegal shipments of drugs meant for other nations. Abuse of illegally produced heroin is a visible problem in the Maldives as well as other South Asian countries like Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) believes that drug trafficking in the Maldives is a side effect of the nation's increased exposure to the outside world. Drug abuse is also associated with increasing incidents of theft and robbery.

## Terrorism

Threat of terrorist attacks is a matter of concern. The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) of the Government of Australia advises travelers "to exercise caution" because of the high threat of terrorism. According to the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), "Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places visited by foreigners".

## Crime statistics

Rate of criminal homicide and assault in the Maldives declined by 30% between the years 1997–2002. Crime involving bribery and fraud also declined by 33% during this time. The Corruption Perceptions Index in 2023 ranked the Maldives 93rd best out of 180 countries in terms of corruption. On a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 being the least and hundred being most transparent, Transparency International rated the Maldives 39.
# Inner demons

Inner demons is a phrase used to refer to a person's inner struggles.
It can also refer to:
* Inner Demons, a 2014 found footage film
* Europe's Inner Demons, a historical study of the beliefs regarding European witchcraft in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe
* Star Wars: Inner Demons, a 2009 short fan film that premiered at Sci-Fi on the Rock
* Inner Demons, henchmen of Marvel Comics villain Mister Negative
* D.A. Sebasstian & The Inner Demons, a side project by Kill Switch...Klick frontman D.A. Sebasstian
# Crieff Community Hospital

Crieff Community Hospital is a health facility in King Street, Crieff, Scotland. It is managed by NHS Tayside.

## History

The facility was intended to replace the ageing Crieff Cottage Hospital on Pittenzie Street. It was designed by W. S. Atkins and opened 1995. It was sited conveniently close to the local GP-operated health centre which itself was replaced in 2001. Like other hospitals in remote areas in Scotland, Crieff Community Hospital has struggled to attract staff and started a programme of weekend closures in summer 2018.
# Cristy Spencer

Cristy Spencer is a Cape Verdean model and beauty pageant titleholder. She holds the title Miss Cape Verde 2013.

## Earlier Life

Spencer works as a model and also studied Marketing and Publicity.

## Pageants

Miss Cape Verde 2015
Spencer was crowned Miss World Cape Verde 2015 at the conclusion of the Miss Cabo Verde 2015 pageant. The pageant was held on August 27, 2015 at the National Auditorium.

## Miss World 2015

Cristy represented Cape Verde at Miss World 2015 on Sanya, China on December 19, 2015 however, it withdrew because of lack of fund

## Miss ECOWAS 2013

Cristy Spencer was elected Miss ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) on the weekend of December 14 & 15, 2013. She was crowned by her predecessor, Guinea's Mariama Diallo and received a $6,000 US dollars in prize money.
# International Standard Number

International Standard Number may refer to:
* International Standard Book Number, a unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering code
* International Standard Recording Code, a unique twelve-character alphanumeric identifier for audio and video recordings
* International Standard Serial Number, a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic periodical publication
* International Standard Name Identifier, a unique sixteen-digit number used to identify the public identities of contributors to media content
* International Standard Music Number, a thirteen-character alphanumeric identifier for printed music
* International Standard Audiovisual Number, a unique identifier for audiovisual works and related versions
* ISWN, the abbreviation of International Standard Wine Number, a coding scheme intended to give a unique identifier for each wine worldwide
# Critical Practice (art)

Critical Practice is a discipline of art that places an equal emphasis on theory and practice, adopting an invigorated methodology that considers and interrogates the processes of art making, its changing contexts and the ways in which it engages an audience. In addition to the various forces that are implicated in the making of art, the research elements pursued under the auspices of Critical Practice engage the increasingly devolved experience of art, made available through art institutions to their audiences.
Critical Practice work takes a range of forms from traditional wall-based work (collage, drawing, photography) through performance and video, from relational and socially engaged practices to site-specific installations.
Studies in Critical Practice are offered at several universities, including the Royal College of Art, University of the Arts London, University of Brighton, and Yale University.
# Crisis on Cloud City

Crisis on Cloud City is a 1989 role-playing game adventure for Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game published by West End Games.

## Plot summary

Crisis on Cloud City is an adventure in which a crazy super-droid, an Imperial spy and a virus are all let loose in the floating Cloud City; the adventure also introduces a deck of cards and rules for the game Sabacc.

## Publication history

Crisis on Cloud City was written by Christopher Kubasik, with a cover by Ralph McQuarrie, and was published by West End Games in 1989 as a 40-page book, a rules sheet, and a cardstock cards sheet.

## Reception

Lee Brimmicombe-Wood reviewed Crisis on Cloud City for Games International magazine, and gave it a rating of 4 out of 10, and stated that "The card deck and West End's usual excellent production make Crisis an attractive package. I just wonder, though, when they are going to bring out more scenarios that ring true to the Star Wars universe, and don't just ape other SF games and themes."
# Cromack

Cromack is a surname of English origin. The surname was first recorded in Yorkshire, England.
People with the surname include:
* Bernard Cromack (born 1937), former English cricketer
* Sam Cromack (born 1989), lead vocalist and frontman of Australian indie rock band Ball Park Music
* Roy Cromack (1940–2017), English racing cyclist
* Vic Cromack (1920–1984), English professional footballer
# Cromane

Cromane (Irish: An Cromán) is a village located in County Kerry, Ireland. It is 9 km (6 mi) west of Killorglin town and a similar distance to the village of Glenbeigh when travelling south-west.

## Location

Cromane is located in the centre of Kerry with views of the Dingle Peninsula to the north and the Iveragh Peninsula westwards. Cromane is one of the few locations in Kerry where there is a 360-degree view of the Brandon Mountain Range, the Sliabh Mis Mountains and MacGillycuddy's Reeks, home to Ireland's highest mountain Corrán Tuathail.

## History

A little unknown local history is that 180 years ago, a 10 tonne piece of Spanish marble destined for use in the nearby church in Killorglin fell into the waters a short distance from Cromane strand.

## Industry

Cromane is a traditional salmon fishing village. However, since the mid-20th Century, the village has blossomed into a centre for aquaculture. Ireland's largest natural mussel beds are located in Castlemaine Harbour. These beds are within easy reach of Cromane's fleet of mussel dredgers. Over the past two decades, Cromane has also grown as a base for growing oysters.
The award-winning Jack's Coastguard Restaurant is located in Cromane's former Coastguard Station that overlooks Castlemaine Harbour. The building that houses the current bar and restaurant was built in 1866 and was turned into a public house in 1961.

## Sport
### Gaelic football

Cromane has a GAA club called Réalt na Mara (a name shared by the village's Church and primary school). Between 2006 and 2014 two Cromane GAA players, Donnchadh Walsh and Sean O'Sullivan, won senior All-Ireland medals with the Kerry county team. Cromane also has a ladies football team.

### Rowing

Cromane has a rowing club, in operation since 1956, that is part of the Kerry Coastal Rowing Association and the Irish Coastal Rowing Federation. One of the most popular races that the club competes in is the traditional Seine boat race featuring crews of 12 oarsmen (two men to an oar) with a cox guiding them. The history of the Seine boat was one of fishing, specifically for mackerel, and fishermen used a seine-net.
Seine boat racing is unique to South Kerry and the Cromane crew traditionally competes against those from Cahersiveen, Kells, Valentia, Portmagee, Ballinskelligs, Caherdaniel, Templenoe, and Sneem, among others.
Every year, during the summer, Cromane hosts its annual regatta that features races for all ages from under-12s up to the adult Seine boat competition.

## Notable people

* John McCarthy, American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. His father came from Cromane. John McCarthy was one of the founders of the discipline of artificial intelligence.
* Fodhla Cronin O'Reilly, Academy Award and BAFTA-nominated film producer.
* Sean O'Sullivan, won four All-Ireland medals with the Kerry senior football team. He played inter-county football from 2002 until 2012.
* Donnchadh Walsh, won three All-Ireland medals with the Kerry senior football team. He played inter-county football from 2003 until 2018.
# Critical point

Critical point may refer to:
* Critical phenomena in physics
* Critical point (mathematics), in calculus, a point where a function's derivative is either zero or nonexistent
* Critical point (set theory), an elementary embedding of a transitive class into another transitive class which is the smallest ordinal which is not mapped to itself
* Critical point (thermodynamics), a temperature and pressure of a material beyond which there is no longer any difference between the liquid and gas phases
* Quantum critical point
* Critical point (network science)
* Construction point, in skiing, a line that represents the steepest point on a hill
# Cross, County Mayo

Cross (Irish: An Chrois) is a village in the south of County Mayo, Ireland.
# International Emmy Kids Awards

The International Emmy Kids Awards, founded in New York City in 2013, recognize excellence in international children's programming produced initially outside the United States, and are presented annually by International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. The awards were presented in separate ceremonies until 2021 and in conjunction with the International Emmy gala starting the following year.

## History

In previous years, the International Academy had presented a single award for children's programming (Best Children & Young People) at its main International Emmy gala in November. In 2013, the academy decided to set up a separate ceremony, with International Emmy Kids Awards handed out in six categories to honor outstanding children's TV programming outside the U.S.
Nominations for the 1st International Emmy Kids Awards were announced on October 8, 2012, by the International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences at a Press Conference at MIPCOM, in Cannes.
In 2020, the International Academy reduced the categories presented to just three: animation, factual & entertainment, and live-action series.

## Award categories

* Kids: Animation
* Kids: Factual & Entertainment
* Kids: Live-Action
# International Year of the Potato

The year 2008 was declared the International Year of the Potato by the United Nations, noting that the potato is a staple food in the diet of the world's population, and affirming the need to focus world attention on the role that the potato can play in providing food security and eradicating poverty. Food and Agriculture Organization was invited to facilitate its implementation.
The corresponding resolution adopted on 25 November 2005 by the Food and Agriculture Organization, which was to facilitate the implementation of the year, affirmed "the need to revive public awareness of the relationship that exists between poverty, food security, malnutrition and the potential contribution of the potato to defeating hunger."
This was one of many international observances declared for specific days, months and years. The year 2008 was shared with the International Year of Sanitation.
It was hoped that International Year designation would do for the potato what the International Year of Rice (2004) did for that food staple, namely, inspire exhibits, educational programs, films, publications and greater public awareness of multi-national efforts on behalf of our food resources. The year 2008 was also designated the National Year of the Potato in Peru.
On May 30th 2024 the first International Potato Day was held to focus on the contribution of the potato to the lives of producers and consumers with the theme: Harvesting diversity, feeding hope. (See external link, below)
# Intakt Records

Intakt Records is an independent record label, based in Zürich, Switzerland.

## History

The label was founded in 1986 by Patrik Landolt. In the early 1980s he had co-founded Fabrikjazz, a cultural organization, with Remo Rau and pianist Irène Schweizer. "It was due to high-quality festival recordings made by Swiss Radio that Landolt was eventually inspired to start the label": he said that "Irène Schweizer was internationally known at this time, but her music wasn't well documented, [...] I decided to bring out the first recordings as LPs". The first release sold well – 2,000 copies in one month. In 2003 the 80th album was released and by mid-2013 Intakt had released more than 220.

## Practices

The label "sees itself as something more than a traditional record company, working with its artists over the long term to produce carefully curated editions." In the late 1990s, a subscription service was introduced, allowing customers to buy every new release directly from the label at a discount. Although the catalogue has been made available for digital download, as of 2013 Landolt still enjoys producing CDs as a physical product.
# Intake ramp

An intake ramp is a rectangular, plate-like device within the air intake of a jet engine, designed to generate a number of shock waves to aid the inlet compression process at supersonic speeds. The ramp sits at an acute angle to deflect the intake air from the longitudinal direction. At supersonic flight speeds, the deflection of the air stream creates a number of oblique shock waves at each change of gradient along at the ramp. Air crossing each shock wave suddenly slows to a lower Mach number, thus increasing pressure.
Ideally, the first oblique shock wave should intercept the air intake lip, thus avoiding air spillage and pre-entry drag on the outer boundary of the deflected streamtube. For a fixed geometry intake at zero incidence, this condition can only be achieved at one particular flight Mach number, because the angle of the shock wave (to the longitudinal direction) becomes more acute with increasing aircraft speed.
More advanced supersonic intakes feature a ramp with a number of discrete changes of gradient in order to generate multiple oblique shock waves. The first known aircraft to use this is the North American A-5 Vigilante with fully-variable wedge-type side air intakes In the case of Concorde, the first (converging) intake ramp is followed by a diverging ramp. After the air passes the end of the first ramp it has become subsonic such that the diverging ramp further contributes towards the reduction in airstream velocity and consequently its increase in pressure. This intake design thus ensures excellent pressure recovery and contributes to Concorde's improved fuel efficiency whilst cruising supersonically at up to Mach 2.2 (beyond which airframe heating effects limit any further increase in speed).
Variable geometry intakes, such as those on Concorde, vary the ramp angle to focus the series of oblique shock waves onto the intake lip, control of which is accomplished by complex non-linear control laws using the ramp void pressure (the pressure of the air in the gap between the two ramps) as a control input.
The intake ramp for rectangular intakes has its equivalent in the inlet cone for circular intakes. Much lighter fixed-geometry alternatives are used on modern aircraft which are designed with greater emphasis on durability and survivability (stealth). These inlets preserve the performance of variable intake ramps by controlling shock position using the downstream pressure. They include the caret compression surface, used in the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor inlets, and the diverterless supersonic inlet used on the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II and Chengdu J-20.

## Intake gallery

* The ramps in two of the Concorde intakes are visible and clearly labelled as such.
* A-5 Vigilante with inlet ramps
* F-14 with internal ramps forming upper surface of intake duct
* Vertical ramps on inboard surface of intake duct XB-70
* F-15 internal ramps form upper surface of intake duct behind the intake upper lips which are shown in different positions
* MiG-25 ramp
# Interlocutor (linguistics)

In linguistics, discourse analysis, and related fields, an interlocutor is a person involved in a conversation or dialogue. Two or more people speaking to one another are each other's interlocutors. The terms conversation partner, hearer, or addressee are often used interchangeably with interlocutor.
According to Paul Grice, the behavior of interlocutors in ordinary conversation is governed by the cooperative principle.