OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cinque Ports Fleet

The Cinque Ports Fleet was the a temporary formation of ships supplied to the crown from the Confederation of the Cinque Ports for particular naval expeditions during particular campaigns of the Kingdom of England from 1260 to 1558.
The fleet was commanded by the Admiral of Cinque Ports Fleet also known as the Admiral-in-Chief of the Fleet.

## History

The Cinque Port Fleet was a collective of ships owned by the Confederation of the Cinque Ports that was commanded by the Warden of the Cinque Ports later called the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, he was one of the Wardens of the Coast during the Middle Ages. It was one of two naval forces that could be drawn upon by the Monarch of England during times of crisis during Middle Ages. The cinque port fleet was not owned by the King therefore he had to avail of the services of the cinque ports in return for payment. However it was regarded as the primary Royal Fleet of maritime England until at least the beginning of the 15th century. In addition there was a second smaller naval force available to the monarch consisting of ships directly owned by him known as the King's Ships or the Royal Squadron.

## In command
### Admiral of the Cinque Port Fleet

Incomplete list of post holders:
* 1300: Gervase Alard
* 1306: Gervase Alard
* 1314: Sir William de Creye
* 1316–1317: Sir Nicholas Kyriel
* 1322–1323: Sir Robert Battayle
* 1332: Sir Waresius de Valoignes
* 1333–1335: Sir William Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon
* 1335–1336: Sir John Cobham, 2nd Baron Cobham and Sir Peter Bard (joint)
* 1340–1343: William Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon
* 1343: Sir Walter Manny, 1st Baron Manny

## Footnotes

* ↑ Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897). "Military History: 1154 to 1399". The Royal Navy: A History From the Earliest Times to the Present. Vol. I. London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company. p. 218.
* ↑ O'Neill, Sean (3 April 2002). "Cinque ports mourn the loss of a cherished Lord Warden". The Daily Telegraph Newspaper. London, England. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
* ↑ Rose, Susan (2013). England's Medieval Navy 1066-1509: Ships, Men & Warfare. Barnsley, England: Seaforth Publishing. p. 45. ISBN 9781848321373.
* 1 2 3 4 5 Haydn, Joseph (1851). "Admiral of the Cinque Ports Fleet". The Book of Dignities: Containing Lists of the Official Personages of the British Empire ... from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time ... Together with the Sovereigns and Rulers of Europe, from the Foundation of Their Respective States; the Peerage of England and Great Britain. London: Longmans, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 152–153.
* ↑ Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897). "Military History: 1154 to 1399". The Royal Navy: A History From the Earliest Times to the Present. Vol. I. London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company. p. 213.
* ↑ Clowes. p. 218.
* ↑ Clowes. p. 224.
* ↑ Clowes. p. 231.
* ↑ Clowes. p. 249.
* ↑ Clowes. p. 259.
# Lensmeter

A lensmeter or lensometer (sometimes even known as focimeter or vertometer), is an optical instrument used in ophthalmology. It is mainly used by optometrists and opticians to measure the back or front vertex power of a spectacle lens and verify the correct prescription in a pair of eyeglasses, to properly orient and mark uncut lenses, and to confirm the correct mounting of lenses in spectacle frames. Lensmeters can also verify the power of contact lenses, if a special lens support is used.
The parameters appraised by a lensmeter are the values specified by an ophthalmologist or optometrist on the patient's prescription: sphere, cylinder, axis, add, and in some cases, prism. The lensmeter is also used to check the accuracy of progressive lenses, and is often capable of marking the lens center and various other measurements critical to proper performance of the lens. It may also be used prior to an eye examination to obtain the last prescription the patient was given, in order to expedite the subsequent examination.

## History

In 1848, Antoine Claudet produced the photographometer, an instrument designed to measure the intensity of photogenic rays; and in 1849 he brought out the focimeter, for securing a perfect focus in photographic portraiture. In 1876, Hermann Snellen introduced a phakometer which was a similar set up to an optical bench which could measure the power and find the optical centre of a convex lens. Troppman went a step further in 1912, introducing the first direct measuring instrument.
In 1922, a patent was filed for the first projection lensmeter, which has a similar system to the standard lensmeter pictured above, but projects the measuring target onto a screen eliminating the need for correction of the observer's refractive error in the instrument itself and reducing the requirement to peer down a small telescope into the instrument. Despite these advantages the above design is still predominant in the optical world.
# Bust of Cardinal Melchior Klesl

The Bust of Cardinal Melchior Klesl is a life-size marble bust of the seventeenth-century cardinal by Gianlorenzo Bernini and his assistants, notably Giuliano Finelli. It was probably executed in 1626. It is unclear how much of the work was executed by Bernini and how much by Finelli, or indeed others in Bernini's studio. The sculpture is part of Klesl's tomb in the cathedral of Wiener Neustadt, just south of Vienna.
# Jacob Vredeman de Vries

Jacob Vredeman de Vries (or Jacques) (Mechelen, circa 1563/1564 - Leeuwarden, September 1621) was a kapellmeister and composer of music in Leeuwarden. Jacques Vredeman published 12 villanelles in the West Frisian language.

## Life

He was a son of Hans Vredeman de Vries, originally from Leeuwarden, and a brother of Paul, and Salomon. Vredeman received his musical education in Mechelen but moved to the north around 1588, after many cities in the Southern Netherlands were occupied by Alexander Farnese.

## Work

Only two publications by his hand survived:
The book "Musica miscella o mescolanze di madrigali, canzoni, e villanelli in lingua Frisica a quatro & cinque voci" was published in Franeker by Gilli van den Rade, who was one of the major Calvinistic publishers of Antwerp; he also worked as a legal printer in Friesland. The Frisian villanelles deal with the farmer’s life in a mildly comical way. Back when they were composed, the West Frisian language wasn’t considered as a language suitable for serious songs yet. Only with Gysbert Japix did this appreciation come into existence, and was the language seen as suitable for subjects such as serious love poetry, political chants, and psalms.
Vredemans’ "Isagoge musicae, dat is corte, perfecte instructie van de principale musycke" was published in 1618.
# HMS Larne

Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Larne, after the town of Larne. A fifth was renamed shortly before being launched:
* HMS Larne (1814) was a 20-gun sixth rate launched in 1814 and sold in 1828.
* HMS Larne was an 18-gun sloop, launched in 1829 as HMS Lightning, renamed HMS Larne in 1832 and broken up in 1866.
* HMS Larne (1910) was an Acorn-class destroyer launched in 1910 and sold in 1921.
* HMS Larne was to have been a L-class destroyer. She was renamed HMS Gurkha shortly before her launch in 1940, and was sunk in 1943.
* HMS Larne (J274) was an Algerine-class minesweeper launched in 1943. She was sold to the Italian Navy in 1947 and renamed Eritrea, and then Alabarda in 1951. She was broken up in 1981.
# Lemyra pilosa

Lemyra pilosa is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1910. It is found in the Khasia Hills of India and Yunnan, China.
# Caripeta piniata

Caripeta piniata, the northern pine looper, is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Caripeta piniata is 6864.
# Civil Aviation Authority (Panama)

The Civil Aviation Authority (Spanish: Autoridad Aeronáutica Civil) is the civil aviation authority of Panama. Its headquarters are in Building 805 of the former Albrook Air Force Station. Decree No. 147 of August 23, 1932 established the agency. Since July 2014, its director general has been Alfredo Fonseca Mora.
The Junta de Investigación de Accidentes investigates aviation accidents and incidents.
# Gastric electrical stimulation

Gastric electrical stimulation, also known as implantable gastric stimulation, is the use of specific devices to provide electrical stimulation to the stomach to try to bring about weight loss in those who are overweight or improve gastroparesis.
Gastric electrical stimulation is a pacemaker-like device with electrical connections to the surface of the stomach. The device works by disrupting of the motility cycle or stimulating enteric nervous system. There are a number of different devices on the market including Transend, Maestro, and Diamond.

## Medical uses

These devices are for treatment of gastroparesis. The best available evidence, however, find that they are of questionable utility for this condition.
As of 2017 it is not approved for use for obesity in the United States. The first studies done did not find a benefit, however, research is ongoing.

## Mechanism of action

Once food leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum, the gut-brain-liver axis is activated, which involves signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the nervous system. For patients without type 2 diabetes, the gastric transit time of food is estimated to be 30–45 minutes (the time from food ingestion to food leaving the stomach into the duodenum). In type 2 diabetes, the neurohormonal communication system is impaired. Delayed signaling within the gut-brain-liver axis leads to high blood glucose concentration after meals.

## Usage

There are approximately 4,000 gastric pacer surgeries a year in the United States.

## Approval

The Diamond system first received CE mark in 2007 and is approved for sale in Europe, Australia, and Hong Kong. It is not approved in the United States for obesity.
# 3D memory

3D memory may refer to:
* 3D optical data storage
* Three-dimensional memory cells
** V-NAND (3D NAND) flash memory
* 3D integrated circuit (3D IC) memory chips
# Xylocampa

Xylocampa is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by the French entomologist, Achille Guenée in 1837.

## Species

* Xylocampa areola (Esper, 1789)
* Xylocampa mustapha (Oberthür, 1920)
# Dave Mason (album)

Dave Mason is a 1974 album by Dave Mason and was released on the CBS Records label (a subsidiary of Columbia Records). It was reissued on CD on the One Way label in 1995. This album marked a major change in Mason's sound after his blues rock sound with his Blue Thumb Records releases, blending pop rock and yacht rock.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
Allmusic gave a brief but positive retrospective review of the album, giving particular praise to the tracks "Show Me Some Affection," "Every Woman," and "All Along the Watchtower."

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Dave Mason; except where indicated

### Side one

* "Show Me Some Affection" - 4:14
* "Get Ahold On Love" - 2:41
* "Every Woman" - 2:58
* "It Can't Make Any Difference To Me" (Lane Tietgen) - 2:15
* "All Along the Watchtower" (Bob Dylan) - 4:03

### Side two

* "Bring It On Home to Me" (Sam Cooke) - 2:53
* "Harmony and Melody" - 3:35
* "Relation Ships" - 5:03
* "You Can't Take It When You Go" - 4:08

## CD track listing

* "Show Me Some Affection"
* "Get Ahold On Love"
* "Every Woman"
* "It Can't Make Any Difference To Me"
* "All Along the Watchtower"
* "Bring It On Home to Me"
* "Harmony & Melody"
* "Relation Ships"
* "You Can't Take It When You Go"

## Personnel and Production
### The Dave Mason Band

* Dave Mason - guitar, lead vocals
* Mike Finnigan - keyboards, vocals
* Bob Glaub - bass
* Rick Jaeger - drums
* Jim Krueger - guitar (lead solo on tracks 4,6,7), vocals
with:
* Richard Bennett - pedal steel guitar
* Gary Barone, Jerry Jumonville, Jock Ellis, Sal Marquez - horn section
* Tim Weisberg - flute
* Horns arranged by Dave Mason and Mike Finnigan
* Strings written and arranged by Nick DeCaro
* Harry Bluestone - concertmaster
* Recording and Mixing Engineer : Al Schmitt
* Assistant Engineer : Linda Tyler

## Chart positions

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1974 | Billboard Pop Albums | 25 |
# HMS Latona

Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Latona, after the Romanised name of the character Leto, of Greek mythology:
* HMS Latona (1781) was a 38-gun fifth rate launched in 1781. She was used for harbour service from 1813 and was sold in 1816.
* HMS Latona (1821) was a 46-gun fifth rate launched in 1821, put up for sale in 1869 and broken up by 1875.
* HMS Latona (1890) was an Apollo-class protected cruiser launched in 1890. She was used as minelayer in 1907 and was sold in 1920.
* HMS Latona (M76) was an Abdiel-class minelayer launched in 1940 and sunk in 1941.
# Dhivya Matriculation Higher Secondary School

Dhivya Matriculation Higher Secondary School, commonly called Dhivya School or Dhivya Matric Hr Sec School was established in 1992 in Chetpet, Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India (12°27′05″N 79°21′08″E).

## Recognition

Dhivya Matriculation Higher Secondary School is recognized by Government of Tamil Nadu and affiliated to Directorate of Matriculation Schools, Chennai.

## Scholarship

* Merit Scholarship
* No Parents Scholarship
* KG Scholarship
* Sibling Scholarship
* Village Scholarship
* STAR Scholarship
* Alumni Scholarship
* First Generation Scholarship

## Group of institutions

The management has an excellent track record for more than 20 years for serving education in very high standards.
* Dhivya Polytechnic College (திவ்யா பாலிடெக்னிக் கல்லூரி)
* Dhivya Matriculation Higher Secondary School
* Dhivya Arts and Science College
* Dhivya High School
* Dhivya College of Education
* Dhivya Teacher Training Institute
# Lençóis (disambiguation)

Lençóis may refer to:
* Lençóis, Bahia, Brazil
* Lençóis Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
* Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão, Brazil
# Carex microptera

Carex microptera is a species of sedge known by the common name smallwing sedge. It is native to western North America, including most all of western Canada and the western United States. It occurs in moist mountain habitat such as meadows and riverbanks. This sedge produces dense clumps of erect stems over 20 centimeters tall and up to about a meter in height. The inflorescence is a dense cluster of green or brown spikes packed tightly and indistinct from each other.
# Lepturges maculosus

Lepturges maculosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1959.
# Bysse

The Bysse family were prominent in the Dublin legal world in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and were also substantial landowners. Their main seat was Brackenstown House near Swords, and they also had a townhouse at Preston's Inn, on the site of the present-day City Hall. The most notable member of the family was John Bysse (1602?-1680), who became Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer His father and grandfather had both been officials in the Exchequer of Ireland, and his brother Robert sat in the Irish House of Commons in the 1630s, where he was a leading spokesman for the Royalist party. Through his daughter Judith most of the Bysse property passed to her son Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth.
A portrait of John Bysse, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer was painted by James Thornhill.
# Xylocaris

Xylocaris oculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Xylocaris.
# Yukio Hayashida

Yukio Hayashida (林田 悠紀夫, November 26, 1915 – November 11, 2007) was a Japanese politician and former member of the House of Councillors. Hayashida served as the governor of Kyoto from April 16, 1978 until April 15, 1986. He later became the Minister of Justice from November 6, 1987 to December 27, 1988.
Hayashida was born in Maizuru, Kyoto and died of heart failure at the age of 91 in Tokyo.
# H. Pemberton

H. Pemberton was a British 19th century historian, traveler, and writer. Possibly a female using a pseudonym, Pemberton wrote both fiction (i.e. Dacia Singleton) and non-fiction (i.e. The History of Monaco and A Winter Tour in Spain.)

## Criticism for The History of Monaco

It was reviewed in The Spectator (22 February 1868) which printed the following:
   We cannot say that we feel much interest in Mr. Pemberton's subject, and the want is not supplied by his treatment of it. Monaco must be a pretty place, not only from what we remember of Tennyson's lines- HOW like a gem beneath, the city Of little Monaco basking glowed- but also from the description in one chapter of this volume. Yet we do not care to read biographical notices of a string of princes who happened to take their title from the town, and these form the staple of Mr. Pemberton's book. We notice at the end that he talks of the gainbling [sic] house as one of the " improvements " of Monaco, which reminds us of a speaker at the Oxford Union praising King Bomba for having built an arsenal.
It was considered by the London Chronicle as "contemporary literature." It was also reviewed in the Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, Art, and Finance, Volume 25. Published on 13 June 1868, the review called Pemberton's history of Monaco a project that "serves nobody's purpose."

## Works

Several of Pemberton's works were published by the Tinsley Brothers (William and Edward Tinsley) of 18 Catherine Street, Strand, London.

### Credited to H. Pemberton

* The History of Monaco: Past and Present (1867) The history of Monaco, past and present
* A Winter Tour in Spain (1868) A winter tour in Spain

### Published anonymously

* Dacia Singleton (1867) (listed under "by the author of" on the cover page of A Winter Tour in Spain)
* Volume 1
* Volume 2
* Volume 3
* Altogether Wrong (1870)
* The Only One of her Mother (1874) (listed as "by the author of Altogether Wrong and A Winter Tour in Spain" in Tinsleys' Magazine and The Spectator.
* What Money Can't Do (unknown date of publication) (included in list under "by the author of" on the cover page of Dacia Singleton)
* Will is the Cause of Woe ("by author of Another Wrong, Dacia Singleton, What Money Can't Do, etc.")

## Theory about authorship

It has been theorized that H. Pemberton was the pseudonym of "Helen Crookshank" who married a man named Augustus Pemberton Gipps. The petition for divorce filed in 1862 by Gipps against Helen on accusation of adultery cited William Wentworth FitzWilliam Dick (Member of Parliament, and himself married) as accomplice in the alleged wrong.
# Diachus

Diachus is a genus of case-bearing leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There are about 10 described species in Diachus.

## Species

These 10 species belong to the genus Diachus:
* Diachus aeruginosus J. L. LeConte, 1880
* Diachus auratus (Fabricius, 1801) (bronze leaf beetle)
* Diachus catarius (Suffrian, 1852)
* Diachus chlorizans (Suffrian, 1852)
* Diachus erasus J. L. LeConte, 1880
* Diachus levis (Haldeman, 1849)
* Diachus luscus (Suffrian, 1858)
* Diachus pallidicornis (Suffrian, 1867)
* Diachus squalens (Suffrian, 1852)
* Diachus subopacus Schaeffer, 1906
# Leonard A. Montefiore

Leonard Montefiore (1853, Kensington, London – 1879) was an author and philanthropist. He was a grandnephew of Moses Montefiore and a nephew of Francis Goldsmid.

## Education

In October 1870 Montefiore entered University College London where he attended lectures for the next two years. It was at this time that he formed a friendship with Henry Birchenough that was described in his "Essays and Letters" as "the greatest friendship of his life" Montefiore attended Balliol College, Oxford where his posthumous memoire reports that he was a devotee of Ruskin. Whilst at Balliol he became a friend of Oscar Wilde who, after Montefiore's death allegedly proposed to his sister Charlotte. He was also influenced by Arnold Toynbee and Benjamin Jowett.

## Philanthropic work

Montefiore was Chief assistant to reformer Samuel Barnett in his work regarding the extension of Oxford University to London and was secretary of the Tower Hamlets branch of the Society for the extension of University Teaching. Montefiore was the Secretary of the Jewish Schools in Red Lion Square from April 1877 until his departure for America and became a member of the Jewish Board of Guardians in 1878.
The Jewish Encyclopedia says "Montefiore was associated with many philanthropic movements, especially with the movement for women's emancipation."
Montefiore died at Newport, Rhode Island, aged 27. According to the Women's rights activist Emily Faithfull in her book "Three Visits to America" published in 1884 Montefiore died "While he was visiting the United States, in order to see for himself what could be learned from the political and social condition of the people, must ever be deplored. The world can ill afford to lose men of such deep thought and energetic action."

## Essays and Letters

Montefiore's posthumously published "Essays and Letters" are divided into three sections with a foreword by Lord Milner who was a mutual friend of Henry Birchenough and Montefiore and had learnt to know the latter at Balliol College where both were influenced by Toynbee.
The first section of "Essays and Letters" deals with primarily German politics including Alsace Lorraine since 1871, the second section covers German literature, including Heine, Goethe, Heinrich von Treitschke, Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Joseph Görres. The third section is on social and miscellaneous issues, and includes articles on the Oneida community, working women, the position of women in the labour market and the Art Museum in Berlin.

## Memorial

A memorial fountain in memory of Montefiore exists in Stepney Green, East London.
# List of battles fought in North Dakota

This is an incomplete list of military and other armed confrontations that have occurred within the boundaries of the modern US State of North Dakota since European contact. The region was part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1535 to 1679, New France from 1679 to 1803, and part of the United States of America 1803–present.
The Plains Indian Wars directly affected the region during westward expansion. The Dakota War of 1862 (also known as the Sioux Uprising) involved eastern Dakota Native Americans, the armed conflicts of this war were fought in Minnesota, their former lands. The aftermath of that war was the pursuit of several eastern Dakota tribes in both South Dakota and North Dakota.

## Battles

| Name | Date | Location | War | Campaign | Dead | Belligerents |
| Battle of Grand Coteau | July 13–14, 1851 | near modern Minot | | | 16-81 | Métis bison hunters vs Yanktonai Sioux |
| Battle of Big Mound | July 24–25, 1863 | modern Kidder County | Sioux Wars | Sibley's Expedition | 12+ | United States of America vs Santee, Yankton, Yanktonai, & Teton Sioux |
| Battle of Dead Buffalo Lake | July 26, 1863 | modern Kidder County | Sioux Wars | Sibley's Expedition | 16 (est.) | United States of America vs Teton & Santee Sioux |
| Battle of Stony Lake | July 28, 1863 | modern Burleigh County | Sioux Wars | Sibley's Expedition | 5+ | United States of America vs Santee, Teton, Yankton & Yanktonai Sioux |
| Battle of Whitestone Hill | September 3–5, 1863 | modern Dickey County | Sioux Wars | | 222+ | United States of America vs Yanktonai, Santee, & Teton Sioux |
| Battle of Killdeer Mountain | July 28–29, 1864 | modern Dunn County | Sioux Wars | Sully's Expedition | ca. 155 | United States of America vs Teton, Yanktonai, & Santee Sioux |
| Battle of the Badlands | August 7–9, 1864 | between modern Medora & Sentinel Butte | Sioux Wars | Sully's Expedition | ca. 100 | United States of America vs Hunkpapa, Sans Arc, Miniconjou, & Yanktonai |