OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John 20:28

John 20:28 is the twenty-eighth verse of the twentieth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament. It is part of a description of what the book says is Jesus' reappearance to the disciples, including Thomas, eight days after his resurrection.

## Content

The original Koine Greek, according to the Textus Receptus, reads:
    καὶ ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Θωμᾶς, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Ὁ Κύριός μου καὶ ὁ Θεός μου
The transliteration of the original Koine Greek to Latin script is:
    kai apekrithē ho Thōmas, kai eipen autō, Ho Kyrios mou kai ho Theos mou
In the King James Version of the Bible it is translated as:
    And Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord and my God.
The modern World English Bible translates the passage as:
    Thomas answered him, "My Lord and my God!"
For a collection of other versions see BibleHub John 20:28

## Analysis

In John 13:13–14 Jesus used the term 'teacher' and 'lord' as synonyms, but here 'my Lord' is designated to the risen Christ, and 'my God' resumes Jesus' description in the Prologue as 'God' (John 1:1, 18). This is the only time in the four canonical gospels that Jesus is addressed as God.
Suetonius records that the Roman emperor Domitian (AD 81–96) wished to be addressed as dominus et deus noster, "our Lord and God", so the statement in this verse 'may on a secondary level be designed to counter Roman emperor worship'.
The declension of the Greek words 'Lord' (Κύριός) and 'God' (Θεός) used in this verse is in the nominative case - the one that marks the subject of a verb. Greek, like Latin, has a vocative case for addressing someone directly. In the New Testament, the vocative case of the words 'Lord' (Κύριε) and 'God' (θεέ) is used 120 times and twice, respectively. Therefore, an argument could be made on syntactical grounds that Thomas's expression was an exclamation of astonishment spoken to Jesus but actually directed to God, and that John would have had to use the vocative case instead if Thomas's words were directed to Jesus. However there are many objections to this. Besides the explicit phrase “said to Him”, Murray J. Harris, for example, claims that we can find a lot of similar constructions, the closest of which is in the Psalm 34(35):23. He writes: “My suggestion regarding the genesis of Thomas's confession is this. In his attempt to depict the significance of the risen Jesus for himself personally, Thomas used a liturgical form ultimately drawn from the LXX, which later came to serve admirably as the crowning christological affirmation of the Fourth Gospel”.
# Alan Bolton

Alan Bolton may refer to:
* Alan Bolton (darts player), New Zealand darts player
* Alan Bolton (cricketer) (1939–2003), English cricketer
# Al Meinzinger

Lieutenant-General Alexander Donald Meinzinger CMM MSM CD is a retired senior Royal Canadian Air Force officer who was Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force from 2018 until 2022.

## Career

Meinzinger joined the Canadian Forces in 1985 through the Regular Officer Training Plan where he received a Bachelor of Arts Honours degree in Economics and Commerce from the Royal Military College of Canada. After serving as commander of 403 (Helicopter) Operational Training Squadron, he was deployed to Afghanistan as commander of Canada's Joint Task Force Afghanistan Air Wing in 2011. He went on to be Deputy Director of Strategy, Policy and Plans at North American Aerospace Defense Command / United States Northern Command in June 2012, commandant of the Royal Military College of Canada in July 2013 and Deputy Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force in May 2015. After that he became Director of Staff, Strategic Joint Staff in March 2017 and Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force in May 2018. Meinzinger retired from the Canadian Armed Forces in August 2022.

## Military awards

1st row 2nd row 3rd row 4th row :
* 1st row
* 2nd row
* 3rd row
* 4th row
# Al Morris

Al Morris is an American former Negro league outfielder who played between 1928 and 1930.
Morris made his Negro leagues debut in 1928 with the Nashville Elite Giants. He played three seasons with Nashville through 1930, and also played for the Louisville Black Caps in 1930.
# John Coleman (rugby league)

John Coleman (birth unknown) is an Irish professional rugby league footballer for the Sheffield Eagles in the Co-operative Championship. He plays on the wing. He is an Ireland international.

## Background

John Coleman was born in Ireland.
# John Chatham

John Chatham may refer to:
* John Chatham (politician) (1866–1925), member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
* John Purnell Chatham (1872–1914), American sailor and Medal of Honor recipient
# John Ashburnham, 2nd Earl of Ashburnham

John Ashburnham, 2nd Earl of Ashburnham, PC (30 October 1724 – 8 April 1812), styled Viscount St Asaph from 1730 to 1737, was a British peer and courtier.

## Early life

Ashburnham was the only son of John Ashburnham, 1st Earl of Ashburnham, by his third wife, Jemima Grey, the daughter of the 1st Duke of Kent, a prominent courtier.

## Career

In 1737, he inherited his father's titles and became a Lord of the Bedchamber in 1748.
From 1753 to 1762, Ashburnham was Keeper of Hyde Park and St. James's Park and Lord Lieutenant of Sussex from 1754 to 1757. In 1765, he was appointed Master of the Great Wardrobe, and Groom of the Stole in 1775.
In 1767, he acquired estates in Chelsea from Sir Richard Glyn, and had his residence at Ashburnham House on Lots Lane. He sold the estate to the widowed Lady Mary Coke in 1786.

## Personal life

On 25 June 1756, Ashburnham married Elizabeth Crowley (1727–1781), a daughter and co-heiress of Alderman John Crowley, of Barking, Suffolk, a wealthy London merchant, and a son of Sir Ambrose Crowley. Her dowry was £200,000. Elizabeth's mother was Theodosia, daughter of Revd. Joseph Gascoygne. They had six children:
* George, styled Viscount St Asaph (1 February 1758 – 1758).
* Lady Henrietta Theodosia (1759–1847), died unmarried.
* George, styled Viscount St Asaph (1760–1830), later 3rd Earl of Ashburnham.
* Lady Jemima Elizabeth (1762–1786), married James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose.
* Lady Elizabeth Frances (1763–1854), died unmarried.
* Lady Theodosia Maria (1765–1822), married Robert Vyner.
Lord Ashburnham died on 8 April 1812 and was succeeded by his son George.
# Al-Basri

In Arabic onomastics ("nisbah"), Al-Basri denotes a relationship to or from Basra and may refer to:
* Ibn Hisham (died 833), Abu Muhammad 'Abd al-Malik bin Hisham ibn Ayyub al-Himyari al-Mu'afiri al-Baṣri, biographer of Muhammad
* Ibn al-Haytham (c. 965–c. 1040), Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist
* Hasan al-Basri (642–728), Muslim preacher, ascetic, theologian, exegete, scholar, judge, and mystic
* Rabiah al-Basri (c. 714–801), Muslim saint and Sufi mystic
* Saleem Al-Basri (1926–1997), Iraqi actor and comedian actress
* Abu al-Husayn al-Basri (died 1044), Mu'tazilite theologian and expert in Islamic jurisprudence
* Ammar al-Basri (died 845), East Syriac theologian and apologist.
* Al-Jahiz (776–c. 868), Abū ʿUthman ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī al-Baṣrī
# Ala-Tilga

Ala-Tilga is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia. The population has been 4 since 2021.
# Alan Richardson

Alan Richardson, Allan Richardson, or Allen Richardson may refer to:

## Sportspeople

* Alan Richardson (boxer) (born 1948), English boxer
* Alan Richardson (cricketer) (born 1975), English cricketer
* Alan Richardson (footballer, born 1940) (1940–2015), known as Bull Richardson, Australian rules footballer for Richmond and South Melbourne
* Alan Richardson (footballer, born 1965), Australian rules coach of St Kilda and former Collingwood footballer

## Musicians

* Alan Richardson (composer) (1904–1978), Scottish pianist and composer
* Allen Richardson, musician in A Band Called Pain
* Allen Richardson, musician in The Natural Four

## Others

* Alan Richardson (priest) (1905–1975), Dean of York
* Allan Richardson, photographer on Seeking the Magic Mushroom
# John Dew

John Dew may refer to:
* John Dew (cricketer), English cricketer
* John Dew (cardinal), Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
* John Dew (director), British opera director
# Alastor seidenstueckeri

Alastor seidenstueckeri is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae.
# John Dennehy

John Dennehy (born 22 March 1940) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-Central constituency.

## Early life

Dennehy was educated at Sharman Crawford Technical Institute and Cork College of Commerce. A fitter by trade, Dennehy spent most of his working life with Irish Steel in Haulbowline until he went full-time into politics.

## Career

Dennehy was elected to Cork City Council for the South–West area in 1974 and subsequently re-elected at every election until he resigned from the council in 2003 due to the dual mandate rule. He was Lord Mayor of Cork from 1983 to 1984.
He stood unsuccessfully at the 1977 general election for the Cork Mid constituency, and in 1979 he was narrowly defeated in a by-election for the Cork City constituency by Fine Gael's Liam Burke in one of a string of by-election defeats for the Fianna Fáil government.
Dennehy was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1987 general election but lost his seat to party colleague Batt O'Keeffe at the 1992 general election. He regained his seat at the 1997 general election and narrowly held it by 6 votes against a challenge from Kathy Sinnott at the 2002 general election. He lost his seat at the 2007 general election.
# John Doyley

John Doyley (1602–1660) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1646 to 1648.

## Background

Doyley was the son of Sir Cope Doyley of Chislehampton. He matriculated at Wadham College, Oxford on 27 November 1618 aged 16. He was Sheriff of Oxfordshire in 1638. In 1646, he was elected Member of Parliament for Oxford as a recruiter to the Long Parliament but was secluded under Pride's Purge in December 1648. He was a parliamentary commissioner for the visitation of the University.
Doyley married Mary Shirley, daughter of Sir John Shirley of Isfield Sussex. He was the father of Sir John D'Oyly, 1st Baronet, of Chislehampton.

### Death

Doyley died at the age of about 58.
# Alaska United

Alaska United Fiber Optic Cable System (abbreviated AUFS or AU) is a submarine fiber-optic cable owned by GCI that links Anchorage, several places in Southeast Alaska including Juneau, to Oregon and Washington State. Alaska United East (AU-East) is 3,751 kilometers long with landing points at Anchorage and Lena Point in Juneau, and at the shore of Puget Sound at Norma Beach near Picnic Point in Lynnwood, Washington; AU-West has landings at Seward and on the Pacific coast at Warrenton, Oregon. Both are OC-192 rated (10 G bit/s) as of 2018. Additional overland segments (AU-North/NW) connect Anchorage to Fairbanks and Prudhoe Bay along the Alaska Pipeline corridor and Parks Highway.
Laying cable for the first segment, AU-East from Anchorage to Lynnwood, was accomplished in the second half of 1999. AU-East's initial cost was $120 million and it was one of two 1999 projects bringing high-speed communications including Internet access to Alaska, supplanting the 45 Mbit/s North Pacific Cable (NPC) Alaska Spur. NPC was shut down in 2004.
Alaska Communications depends on fiber connectivity to provide service.
A January 2013 earthquake broke the cable near Wrangell. The cable ship Wave Venture was sent to locate the cable with an ROV and effect repairs.
# Alassane Diop

Alassane Diop was a Minister of Information in Guinea who was arrested and held in Camp Boiro for ten years, returning to Senegal after his release.
Diop was Senegalese in origin and was trained as an electrical engineer. He became Minister of Posts and Telecommunications in Guinea. He was named by President Sékou Touré as head of a commission to investigate foreign invaders in the interior of Guinea. He reported that there were none. Toure thanked him for his work, and gave him 15 days of leave in Bulgaria. While he was absent, a new commission headed by Ismaël Touré concluded that there were in fact invaders, and that Diop was an accomplice. He was arrested in 1971 and spent ten years in prison. By 1976 he was one of the only survivors of the ministers who had been arrested and sent to camp Boiro since 1969.
# Albert Grenier (historian)

Albert Grenier (22 April 1878, Paris – 23 June 1961, Paris) was a French historian, theologian, and archaeologist. He specialized in the history of ancient Rome and the Celts, especially the Gauls.

## Works (selection)

* La Gaule : province romaine.
* Le Génie romain dans la religion, la pensée et l'art, La Renaissance du Livre, Paris, 1925
* Les Gaulois, Petite bibliothèque Payot, Paris, 1970. ISBN 2-228-88838-9
* Quatre villes romaines de Rhénanie : Trèves, Mayence, Bonn, Cologne.
* Manuel d'archéologie gallo-romaine, tome 1 : Généralités et travaux militaires.
* Manuel d'archéologie gallo-romaine, tome 2 : L'Archéologie du sol, les routes, la navigation, l'occupation du sol.
# Alawatugoda

Alawathugoda (Sinhala: අලවතුගොඩ) is a village in Sri Lanka.
It lies 14 km (9 mi) north of Kandy, on the road to Matale, in Kandy District of Central Province.

## History

A toll station once stood where the road to Kurunegala joins the main road. A resthouse once also stood, the building then becoming a government-operated school. The school recorded 68 boys and 1 girl in 1887, with 74 students in 1893.
Former arachchies of the village include Herat Mudiyanse Kalu Banda (1855), Mudiyanselage Punchirala (1862), Ekanekege Ukku Banda (1863), Harasgama Walawwe Tikiri Banda (1867), Herat Mudiyanselage Kiri Banda (1872), Mawatupola Welege Punchirala (1882), Herat Mudiyanselage Ukku Banda (1882), and Wijekon Mudiyanselage Kalugalage Kirala (1888).

## Alawatugoda Dewale

A Buddhist dewale sits in Alawatugoda, standing on a mass of bare granite rising a few feet above the surrounding land. It was a place of sanctity during Kandyan times. Tradition states that the temple possessed a Sannas from King Walgambahu that was lost in the Rebellion of 1818. Close to the dewale was a vihara; both were burned by a party of English soldiers from Trincomalee, only the dewale having been rebuilt. A bo-tree growing from a hollow in a rock below the dewale is said to conceal the entrance to a "potgula", or cave, where sacred books are buried. Others claim the spot as the original site of the vihara, and as of the writing of Archibald Campbell Lawrie's 1896 gazetteer of the province, plans were made by worshippers to build a daboga at the site.
# John Fingleton

John Fingleton may refer to:
* Jack Fingleton (John Fingleton, 1908–1981) Australian cricketer and journalist
* John Fingleton (economist), Irish economist and former head of the Office for Fair Trading
# Alaunus (disambiguation)

Alaunus was a Gaulish god of medicine and prophesy. It may also refer to:
* Alaunus, the Roman name of the River Aulne in Brittany
* Alaunus, the Roman name of a river on Great Britain variously identified with the Aln or Allan
# Albalate de las Nogueras

Albalate de las Nogueras is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 257 as of 2020.
# John Hobson Matthews

John Hobson Matthews (1858–1914) was an English-born Welsh Roman Catholic poet, Celticist, historian, archivist and solicitor.

## Biography

John Hobson Matthews was born in Croydon in 1858, to Emma Hobson from Great Grimsby and his father from St. Ives. He attended schools in Blackheath and Cambridge and worked in the Colony of Malta for a short period with a shipping firm. Matthews was received into the Roman Catholic Church in 1877 and became a solicitor in 1889, subsequently working in Cardiff. As a keen linguist and Celticist, he edited Emynau Catholig (English: 'Catholic Hymns'), translated Ffordd y Groes ("The Way of the Cross") and joined the Welsh Bardic Gorsedd Cymru.
Matthews is particularly important to the modern Cornish revival for collecting and publishing the Cranken Rhyme from John Davey (1812–1891), one of the last Victorian era people with knowledge of the Cornish language. It was first published by Matthews in his History of St. Ives, Lelant, Towednack, and Zennor, and is widely considered the latest known example of oral poetry in Cornish to be collected from the oral tradition long after the official language death in 1777.
Matthews also edited the Cardiff Records, being materials for a history of the County Borough from the earliest times (1898-1911) and wrote a report on the Monmouthshire County Council records in 1905. He was involved in the transactions of the Cardiff Naturalists Society and, far more significantly, was one of the founding members of the Catholic Record Society. He is particularly notable for being one of the first recent Catholic historians to draw attention to the Welsh-language Bard and Elizabethan era Roman Catholic martyr Richard Gwyn, with the result that the latter was canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970 as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
Matthews understood Maltese, Cornish, Irish and Welsh. He married Alice Mary Gwyn-Hughes in 1892, who bore him four sons and two daughters.
He died in Ealing on 23 January 1914.

## Other notable works

* A History of the parishes of St. Ives, Lelant, Towednack, and Zennor (London, 1892) - published by Matthews
* Martin Cock's Guide to St. Ives (St. Ives, 1906) - edited by Mathews
* Yr Hen grefydd a'r grefydd newydd. Sef dadl ... am yr Eglwys Gatholig ... Wedi ei gyfieithu i'r Gymraeg gan ... J. H. Jones (Cardiff, 1889) - prepared by Matthews
* The Life and Memorials of Saint Teilo (Preston, 1893) - prepared by Matthews
* The Vaughans of Courtfield: a study in Welsh genealogy (London, 1912) - based on Matthews' findings
# John Hoblyn

John Hoblyn (ca. 1660 – June 1706) was an English lawyer and Member of Parliament. He was the eldest son of Edward Hoblyn and Bridget Carew. He was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1682, and was Town Clerk of Bodmin from 1692. In 1695 he was elected to Parliament as Member for Bodmin, and retained the seat unopposed until his death. In the House of Commons he generally voted with the Tories.
Some sources erroneously state that the banker Sir John Houblon was elected three times as MP for Bodmin, apparently confusing him with Hoblyn.

## Marriage

He was married to Jane Symons in 1682 at Christ Church Greyfriars Newgate, London. They didn't have any children. In his will dated 1705, he left his property to his wife and to his brother Thomas. He also left property to his nephew Edward, which included The Barton of Colquite, the manor of Colquite and its mills and lands in St Mabyn, Egloshayle and Bodmin (except Pitt in St Mabyn).
# John Hobhouse, Baron Hobhouse of Woodborough

John Stewart Hobhouse, Baron Hobhouse of Woodborough, PC (31 January 1932 – 15 March 2004) was a British barrister and judge who served as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1998 to 2004.

## Biography

Hobhouse was born in Mossley Hill, Liverpool, the son of the shipowner Sir John Richard Hobhouse, and grandson of Henry Hobhouse, the MP. He was educated at Eton College. After working abroad in Australia and New Zealand on a sheep farm, Hobhouse returned to Christ Church, Oxford in 1951, where he read Jurisprudence. He was called to the bar by Inner Temple in 1955, of which he later became a bencher.
Following a pupillage with Michael Kerr, Hobhouse became a tenant at 7 King's Bench Walk, the chambers of Henry Brandon, and joined the Northern Circuit. At the bar he specialised in admiralty law. He was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1973.
Hobhouse was made a High Court judge in 1982, receiving the customary knighthood, and was assigned to the Queen's Bench Division. He was made a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1993, when he was also sworn of the Privy Council. On 1 October 1998 he was appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, becoming a life peer as Baron Hobhouse of Woodborough, of Woodborough in the County of Wiltshire.

## Family

Lord Hobhouse was married to Susannah Roskill, the daughter of Sir Ashton Roskill QC. They had two sons and one daughter.
His grandfather Henry was the nephew and ward of Arthur Hobhouse, 1st Baron Hobhouse.

## Reputation

Lord Justice Bean has criticised Lord Hobhouse for his perceived lack of human empathy. He said, "Hobhouse was a desiccated calculating machine, unsuited to trying cases involving human beings."

## Notable cases

Notable judicial decisions in which Lord Hobhouse participated included:
* Hazell v Hammersmith and Fulham LBC (at first instance)
* Morgan Grenfell & Co Ltd v Welwyn Hatfield DC (Divisional Court - key test case in the local authorities swaps litigation)
* Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington LBC (at first instance)
* R (Factortame Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport ("Factortame IV", Divisional Court)
* Berezovsky v Michaels (House of Lords)
* Attorney General v Blake (House of Lords)
* R v Hinks (House of Lords)
* Lange v Atkinson (Privy Council)
* Auckland Harbour Board v Commissioner of Inland Revenue (Privy Council)
* Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Etridge (No 2) (House of Lords)
* Dextra Bank & Trust Co Ltd v Bank of Jamaica (Privy Council)
* Mirvahedy v Henley (House of Lords)
* B v Attorney General (Privy Council)
* Tomlinson v Congleton BC (House of Lords)
* Shogun Finance Ltd v Hudson (House of Lords)
* R v Bow Street Stipendiary Magistrate, ex parte United States Government (House of Lords)
# Albiac, Haute-Garonne

Albiac (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

## Geography

The commune is bordered by five other communes: Loubens-Lauragais to the north, Le Faget to the east, La Salvetat-Lauragais to the southeast, Caraman to the south, and finally by Mascarville to the west.

## Population

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Albiacois and Albiacoises in French.
# Albarella

Albarella may refer to:
* Umberto Albarella, Italian-British archaeologist, prehistorian, and activist
* Albarella International Open, golf tournament on the Challenge Tour, played in Italy
* Albarella [it], an island in the Veneto region of Italy