OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gundersen flap

A Gundersen flap, also known as Gundersen's flap, Gundersen's conjunctival flap, or conjunctivoplasty, and often misspelled Gunderson, is a surgical procedure for correcting corneal disease. It involves excising a damaged section of cornea, and replacing it with a section (or "flap") of the patient's own conjunctiva.
It is named for Trygve Gundersen (1902 – February 24, 1987), an American ophthalmologist of Scandinavian descent, who first described the procedure in 1958 at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary.
# John Edwards (academic)

John Edwards (also Edwardes) M.D. (27 February 1600 – late 1650s) was an English academic, headmaster and physician. He was noted as a Royalist supporter in the University of Oxford.

## Life

Edwards was born 27 February 1600, and was educated at Merchant Taylors' School. In 1617 he was elected to a probationary fellowship at St John's College, Oxford. The former President of the college, William Laud, in 1632 recommended Edwards for the head-mastership of Merchant Taylors' School. He resigned this post at the close of 1634, and returned to Oxford.
There Edwards served the office of proctor in the following year. In 1638 he was appointed Sedleian reader of natural philosophy, and proceeded to the degrees of M.B. and M.D. He appears to have resided in college during the troubled times that followed. In 1642, when the First English Civil War broke out, he was, with others, appointed by Convocation to provide accommodation for the troopers sent to Oxford, and procure arms to defend the university.
In 1647 Edwards was summoned, as a delinquent, to appear before the committee of Lords and Commons for regulating the affairs of the university. His answers were considered unsatisfactory, he was placed by the parliamentary visitors in 1648 for a time in custody of the provost marshal for "manifold misdemeanours". His fellowship was taken from him, and he was superseded in the office of Sedleian reader by Joshua Crosse of Magdalen College. He was, however, paid for the readership until Michaelmas 1649. He is assumed to have worked subsequently in Oxford as a physician, and to have died in the later 1650s.
# Ahm (surname)

Ahm is a surname, and notable people with the surname include:
* Maria Ahm (born 1998), Danish athlete
* Povl Ahm (1926–2005), Danish engineer
* Tonny Ahm (1914–1993), Danish badminton player
# Kundur

Kundur may refer to:
* Kundur, Afghanistan, a village in Herat Province which is primarily Mogholi speaking
* Kundur, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
* Kundur, Russia, a rural locality in Amur Oblast, Russia
* Kundur Island, an island in Indonesia, in the Riau Archipelago, and part of the Riau Islands Province
* Kündür, an official in the Khazar government
* Deepa Kundur, Canadian engineer
# Kristijan Manević

Kristijan Manević (born November 5, 1987) is a Macedonian professional basketball player for KK Kumanovo of the Macedonian First League (basketball).
# Krohns Lake

Krohns Lake, is a spring-fed lake southwest of Algoma, Wisconsin, in Kewaunee County. The lake is part of the Tri-Lakes Association, who are in charge of this lake, East Alaska Lake, and West Alaska Lake.

## Fish species

* Bluegill
* Brook trout
* Brown trout
* Largemouth bass
* Rainbow trout
# Kurochkin's pygmy owl

Kurochkin's pygmy owl (Glaucidium kurochkini) is an extinct species of pygmy owl that existed in what is now California, U.S. during the Late Pleistocene Epoch.

## Discovery and naming

The holotype of Glaucidium kurochkini is LACM RLB K9630, a left tarsometatarsus. The paratypes are left and right tarsometatarsi, LACM(CIT) 155031 and LACM(CIT) 155032, respectively. All three specimens come from the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, California. They all also persist to the Pit A in Bliss 29 of the area. Other possible specimens that are from the area but cannot be certainly assigned to G. kurochkini are K9631, a proximal left mandible; K9632, a complete right mandible; K9210, a complete right coracoid; G50, a complete left humerus; K9635, a proximal end of a right radius; K9404, a complete right carpometacarpus; K9350, a complete left femur; K984, a complete left tibiotarsus; and K9402, K9422, and K9423, all left tibiotarsi.

### Etymology

G. kurochkini was named in 2013 by Campbell et al. in honor of the late Evgeny N. Kurochkin, ornithologist and paleornithologist from the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, for his leading role in Russian ornithology and his many important contributions to the understanding of avian evolution.

## Distinguishing anatomical features

G. kurochkini can be assigned to Glaucidium with certainty, because it shows the features distinguishing it from Aegolius, even if the two genera are almost identical. These features can distinguish G. kurochkini from all other Glaucidium species: a crista lateralis hypotarsi that is short, broad, robust, and projecting equally proximally and laterally; an eminentia intercotylaris that is long anteroposteriorly; the presence of a cotyla medialis with the rim, in anterior view, essentially even with side of shaft; a facies medialis that is wide proximally and lateral to the crista medialis hypotarsi; a sulcus extensorius that does not extend distally to the tuberositas medialis tibialis anticus; and a trochlea metatarsi II with an anterior medial edge relatively straight in anterior view.
# Kuju

Kuju may refer to:
* Kuju, Ramgarh, a town in Ramgarh district, Jharkhand, India
* Kuju, Ardabil, a town in Iran
* Kujū, Ōita, a town in Ōita Prefecture, Japan
* Mount Kujū, a mountain in Kyushu Island, Japan
* Kuju Castle, a military fortress from the Goryeo period, in Kusong, North Korea
* Kuju Entertainment, a video game company

## People with the name

* Kuju Mai, title character of Mai, the Psychic Girl
# Kudunuru

Kudunuru is a small village in the Cherla mandal of the Khammam district in Telangana. The Godavari River is located nearby.
# Kujō Tanemichi

Kujō Tanemichi (九条 稙通, February 22, 1507 – February 24, 1594), was a kugyō or Japanese court noble and classic scholar of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He was the biological son of regent Hisatsune and Sanjōnishi Yasuko, eldest daughter of Sanjōnishi Sanetaka [ja] (1455–1537), the leading waka master, tea expert and incense expert of his time.
Kujō Tanemichi held a regent position (kampaku) from 1533 to 1534. The calligrapher and poet, Ono Otsu, was one of his students. Kanetaka was his adopted son.

## Family

* Father: Kujō Hisatsune
* Mother: Sanjōnishi Yasuko
* Wife: unknown
* child: daughter
* adopted son: Kujō Kanetaka
# Kwangbopsa

The Kwangbop Temple is an historic structure located in Mt. Taesong, Pyongyang, North Korea. Built during the early period of Koguryo during the reign of King Kwanggaetho, it is listed as item 164 on the list of National Treasures of North Korea.

## History

The temple was built during the reign of Gwanggaeto the Great; it is one of a large number of temples that were built in Pyongyang during this time.
Originally built in 392, it was destroyed by fire in 1700. It was rebuilt and enlarged in 1727. Destroyed again during the Korean War during a bombing of Pyongyang in 1952, it was not rebuilt until 1990. Visiting Buddhist monks are taken for tours here, though some South Koreans claim the residents in the temple are civil servants posing as monks.
In 2007, Buddhists visited the Kwangbopsa Temple as part of a delegation of Catholics, Protestants, Buddhists and Confucians, who are part of the Korean Conference on Religion and Peace, members being from South Korea. The visit was to celebrate the 10th anniversary of partnership with the North Korean government’s Council of Religionists.

## Description

The temple is composed of the Haethal Gate, the Chonwang Gate, the Taeung Hall, the east and west Buddhist monasteries and an octagonal five-storied pagoda. Its buildings are arranged symmetrically with the pagoda as the centre.
The Taehung Hall is the main building of the temple. On the Haethal Gate we see carvings of young monks on elephants and lions; on the Chonwang Gate are carvings of four heavenly kings. Preserved within the temple are a lotus pond, a monument to the Kwangbop Temple erected in 1727 and another for the extension and painting of the Kwangbop Temple. The epitaph on the monument to the Kwangbop Temple recounts a legend of nine dragons and the 99 ponds of Mt. Kuryong of Taesong. The complex is built in the typical construction of period, having buildings on three sides centering on a pagoda.
# Kurši

Kurši may refer to:
* FK Kurši, floorball team from Latvia
* Kursenieki, Baltic tribe
# Kurt Kreuzinger

Kurt Kreuzinger (1905–1989) was a German botanist, best known for his work with cacti.
# Kurali

Kurali is a city of district S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) and a municipal council in Greater Mohali area, Mohali district in the Indian state of Punjab.

## Geography

Kurali is 28 km away from the Punjab state capital Chandigarh, situated on National Highway 21. Nearby towns include Kharar, Ropar and Morinda on its respective three sides.

## Demographics

The table below shows the population of different religious groups in Kurali city, as of 2011 census.
Population by religious groups in Kurali city, 2011 census :
| Religion | Total | Female | Male |
| Hindu | 17,455 | 8,141 | 9,314 |
| Sikh | 12,241 | 5,770 | 6,471 |
| Muslim | 829 | 383 | 446 |
| Christian | 265 | 131 | 134 |
| Jain | 12 | 5 | 7 |
| Buddhist | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Other religions | 13 | 6 | 7 |
| Not stated | 239 | 111 | 128 |
| Total | 31,060 | 14,550 | 16,510 |

## Government

Kurali is administered by an elected municipal council. The town is served by a government hospital, post office, and several schools and colleges.

## Transportation

Kurali sits on National Highway 21 with direct access to Chandigarh and other parts of Punjab and India. The city is accessible by bus and supports a rail station with direct routes to other parts of the country, including Delhi. The nearest airport is an international airport approximately 30 km away located in Mohali.
The town's railway station is one of the oldest in the state of Punjab and has been used as a set piece for several Bollywood movies.
# L'école est finie

"L'école est finie" (English translation: "School is out") is a song by French singer Sheila. She released it in 1962, at the age of 16. Written, published and produced by young Claude Carrère [fr], the song sold over 1 million copies and effectively kick-started his career in the music business.

## Lyrics

The song reflected contempt for studying among young people and the wantings of enjoying a fun summer vacation break instead.

## Charts

| Chart (1963) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 2 |
# Kyle Russell

Kyle Russell may refer to:
* Kyle Russell (baseball) (born 1986), American former baseball player
* Kyle Russell (volleyball) (born 1993), American volleyball player
# Kyle Russell (baseball)

Kyle D. Russell (born June 27, 1986) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. Russell was originally drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 3rd round of the 2008 MLB Draft out of the University of Texas. He is also the all-time career home run leader (57) at the University of Texas, and formerly the all-time single season home run leader (28). He was born in Houston, Texas and grew up in Tomball, Texas. He was a consensus All-American outfielder in 2007 as a sophomore at Texas, and was named to the NCAA all-decade team in 2010.

## Amateur career

Russell attended the University of Texas, where he played for the Texas Longhorn baseball team. In 2006, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. In 2007, he was named the Big 12 Player of the Year, and was also a 1st team All-American. He led college baseball in home runs with 28, which was a University of Texas record for most home runs in a single season until Ivan Melendez broke the record in 2022. In May 2008, Russell hit his 57th career homerun at Texas, which broke the previous record of 56. In February 2010, Russell was named to Baseball America's all-2000s team as the second outfielder.

## Professional career

In 2008 with the Rookie-class Ogden Raptors, Russell hit .279 with 11 home runs and 46 RBI in 61 games and was named to the post-season Pioneer League all-star team. In 2009 with the Class-A Great Lakes Loons, he hit .272 with 26 HR and 102 RBI in 133 games and was named to both the mid-season and post-season Midwest League all-star teams as well as being selected as the Midwest League Most Valuable Player.
Russell began 2010 with the Class-A (advanced) Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino and hit .354 with 16 HR and 53 RBI in 53 games before a quick promotion to the Double-A Chattanooga Lookouts. In 76 games with the Lookouts, he hit .245 with 10 home runs. In 2011, he was selected to the mid-season Southern League All-Star Game. He was in 120 games with the Lookouts, hitting .259 with 19 home runs and 69 RBI, earning him a late season promotion to the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes.
Russell spent most of 2012 back with the Lookouts, appearing in 74 games with a .262 batting average, 11 homers and 44 RBI. He spent considerable time on the disabled list also with various ailments.
In March 2013, Russell was released by the Dodgers and signed to a minor league contract by the Atlanta Braves. The Braves released him and he signed with the Lancaster Barnstormers.
# L. P. Fisher Public Library

The L. P. Fisher Public Library, started in 1912 and completed in 1914, is a landmark in the town of Woodstock, New Brunswick, Canada. Named for Lewis Peter Fisher (1821-1905), a loyalist lawyer, mayor, and leading citizen of Woodstock who bequeathed $208,000 (a considerable sum in 1905) for local charitable purposes, including the construction of a free library.
The library was designed in a Greek Revival style by architect G. Ernest Fairweather of Saint John, New Brunswick and after two years of construction was completed in 1914. The exterior is brick with limestone trim, and the interior is furnished in Honduran mahogany. There is a time capsule buried in the cornerstone. The front steps are of granite, as are the foundations of the building.
The historical collections of the library include 19th century census records, maps, newspapers, family histories, military and cemetery records.
An expansion and restructuring of the library began in 2013 and was completed in 2015.

## Statistics (1999-2000)

* Size: 546 m$^2$ (5877 square feet)
* Total Collection: 26,253 volumes
* Annual Circulation: 79,901 volumes

## Significant holdings

* Census 1851, 1871 and 1891 in hard copies for the area.
* On microfilm the census for 1851, 1861, 1871, 1881, 1891 and 1901.
* Marriage records for Carleton and York Counties
* Set of Dan Johnston's "Vital Statistics from NB Brunswick Newspapers" 1784-1890
* 1876 Map of Carleton County naming all the homes and businesses
* Carleton Sentinel 1849–present and Dispatch 1894-1919 (local papers) on microfilm
* Muster Roll of the Carleton Light Dragoons, 1840.
* Index to the Carleton Sentinel
* RC records on microfilm
* Families histories of Campbell, Collicott, Dibblee, Dow, Faulkner, Feero, Fisher, Flowers, Folwer, Gallagher, Grant, Joyall, Kinney, Lonstaff, Morehouse, Nicholson, Orser, Perry, Price, Raymond, Sharp, Shaw, Snow, Stoddard, Tompkins, Tomsom.
* Extensive cemetery records

## The library in popular media

The building is seen in the 2000 movie Ricky 6. The facade was temporarily altered to feature a different name and an American flag was flown from the flagpole. The interior was also altered and repainted for use in the film; however upon the completion of principal photography, the producers of the movie arranged for the interior furnishings to be left in better condition than they had been before the start of production.
# L. Ostermayr

L. Ostermayr was a glass and porcelain manufacturer and art products shop in Nuremberg, Bavaria.
It was founded in 1820 by Johann Nepomuk Ostermayr (1800–1855). His son Johann Leonhard Ostermayr (1842–1906) expanded the business substantially. His sons Hans und Julius Ostermayr entered the business around 1900. A new landmark shop was constructed at that time at the Königstraße 31–37. The company received an Imperial and Royal Warrant of Appointment to the court of Austria-Hungary as well as Royal ones to the courts of Bavaria and Romania.
The main store was destroyed during World War II in the aerial bombings of the city.
# Kypärämäki

Kypärämäki (literal English translation: helmet hill) is a neighbourhood of Jyväskylä, Finland. It is located at around 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) from the city centre south from the sports and recreational area of Laajavuori and east from the lake Köhniönjärvi. There are 3150 inhabitants in Kypärämäki. Kypärämäki includes the areas Kypärärinne, Kypärätie, Köhniö, Köhniönranta and Killeri. Most of the houses in Kypärämäki were built in 1940's or 1950's.

## Gallery

* A house in Kypärämäki
* Killeri harness racing track during Rally Finland
* Killeri sports center
* An apartment building in Kypärämäki
* A house in Köhniö
# LCD crosstalk

LCD crosstalk is a visual defect in an LCD screen which occurs because of interference between adjacent pixels.
Owing to the way rows and columns in the display are addressed, and charge is pushed around, the data on one part of the display has the potential to influence what is displayed elsewhere. This is generally known as crosstalk, and in matrix displays typically occurs in the horizontal and vertical directions. Crosstalk used to be a serious problem in the old passive-matrix (STN) displays, but is rarely discernable in modern active-matrix (TFT) displays.
A fortunate side effect of inversion (see above) is that, for most display material, what little crosstalk there is largely cancelled out. For most practical purposes, the level of crosstalk in modern LCDs is negligible.
Certain patterns, particularly those involving fine dots, can interact with the inversion and reveal visible crosstalk. If you try moving a small Window in front of the inversion pattern (above) which makes your screen flicker the most, you may well see crosstalk in the surrounding pattern.
Different patterns are required to reveal crosstalk on different displays (depending on their inversion scheme).
# L'Empereur (cyclist)

L'Empereur was a Belgian cyclist. He competed in the men's sprint event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# LD & the New Criticism

LD & the New Criticism was an American experimental pop band formed by songwriter/producer LD Beghtol. Designed by Beghtol to showcase his less dour songwriting efforts—and to be a highly portable, essentially "live band", unlike his other studio-based projects Flare and moth wranglers—the outfit performed extensively in the New York area, and were a featured band at the 2007 Primavera Sound Festival in Barcelona, Spain. Noted aspects of LD&TNC's live shows were the use of old-fashioned "radio mic'ing" (with the performers clustered around two microphones, in an arc) and their lack of electric bass and drums. The band also contributed the track "Sex Surrogate" to the "ESOPUS 6" invitational CD, Help Wanted, along with Devendra Banhart, Grizzly Bear, and others.

## Discography

* Tragic Realism, full-length CD (Darla, 2006; Acuarela, 2006)
* Amoral Certitudes, seven-song ep (Acuarela, 2007)
# L. A. Fabunmi

Lawrence Apalara FabunmiListen is a Nigerian scholar and diplomat. He is a former ambassador to Turkey, Zambia and to Poland. Fabunmi was also the pioneer director of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, the institute among other things is known for being a source of foreign ministry personnel, including the immediate past minister for foreign affairs, Joy Ogwu.

## Works

* Fabunmi, L. A. (1957). "The Sudan in Anglo-Egyptian Relations: A Case Study in Power Politics, 1800-1956". University of London. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) (PhD thesis, republished as book in 1960 by Longman)
# La Cumbre, Argentina

La Cumbre is a small town in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, in a valley known as the "Valle de Punilla". It has a population of 7800 inhabitants.

## History

Initially La Cumbre was part of a community of farms and began to flourish as a town by the time the railway was built in the 1890s. As it was the highest point of the railway, it was given the name "La Cumbre" (The Summit) and the British railway locomotive engineers that participated were the first of an important presence of Anglo-Argentines that would become part of the town's culture even to this day. Unfortunately the railway now no longer runs and the old railway station has become the community centre, housing a small museum and tourist information office. The climate is moderate and particularly suited to people with bronchial and asthmatic problems.
During the 1920s British families built their holiday homes here, which contributed to the particularly English architectural style of La Cumbre. In 1924 the Golf Club was founded and is one of La Cumbre's features. For many years there were several English speaking boarding schools in the area, St Marys for girls which was adjacent to the Golf course has now become an old peoples home. Further afield, Reydon [Originally a hotel built by immigrants (Runnacles) from the town of Reydon in Suffolk, England in 1922, became a girls school] y another girls school which has now become a hotel is located at about 3[2] kilometres North of La Cumbre in the settlement of [Cruz Chica]. Beyond that a further couple of kilometres [on,] is the [largest school in the town (340 pupils][with an English-Spanish bi-lingual curricula] [St. Paul's] which operates today[,] but no longer taking in boarders and now accepting both boys and girls.

## Today

* Argentina portal
Today La Cumbre has a low population for most of the year except for the summer holiday months, especially January and February when tourists visit the town to enjoy the many outdoor attractions, including paragliding, horse riding, fishing, hiking, river swimming, golf, and other enjoyments.
La Cumbre is also part of the Argentine Rally stage of the World Rally Championship. The local statue of Christ the Redeemer was sculpted by Italian-Argentine artist Luis Ramacciotti.
31°06′00″S 64°28′59″W﻿ / ﻿31.100°S 64.483°W﻿ / -31.100; -64.483
* This article about a place in Córdoba Province, Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# La Cumbre, Cáceres

La Cumbre is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,023.
# L. Jay Caldwell

L. Jay Caldwell (June 19, 1871 – 1950) was an American college football player and coach. He was the fourth head football coach at Colgate University and he held that position for two seasons, first in 1893 and then returning for 1895. His overall coaching record at Colgate was 7–2–2.
Caldwell was born in Ephratah, New York in 1871. He married May Thorne on July 20, 1904, in Jamaica, New York. Caldwell later taught mathematics at a high school in Amsterdam, New York. In 1913, he was teaching at an Orange, New Jersey high school. By the 1940 United States Census, Caldwell and his wife were retired and living in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. He died there in 1950.

## Racial integration

Caldwell coached the university's first African-American football player in 1895. No records were kept of the player's name, but a photograph (left) does exist.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Colgate (Independent) (1893) ||||||
| 1893 | Colgate | 3–0–2 |
| Colgate (Independent) (1895) ||||||
| 1895 | Colgate | 4–2 |
| Colgate: | Colgate: | 7–2–2 |
| Total: | Total: | 7–2–2 |