OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crucible tongs

Crucible tongs are scissors-like tools with a pair of attached arms that curve outward near the ends to form a rounded gripping area that allows users to safely grasp crucibles, flasks, evaporating dishes, or small beakers. They are made of durable metals—stainless steel, brass, or nickel, for example—that can withstand high temperatures.

## Use

Crucible tongs are used most often with crucibles, small ceramic or metal vessels used to heat chemicals to temperatures up to 565.56 degree Celsius.
As a crucible will be very hot when heating it in a furnace or a Bunsen burner, one cannot hold the crucible directly. Therefore, crucible tongs come to play a key role when burning, or doing anything with hot objects. Moreover, some of them also have a special characteristic. For instance, a locking version of crucible tongs can be locked with the edge of a crucible, allow users to be more comfortable and more confidence while moving a very hot crucible from place to place. Hence, they provide more safety for the users.

## Safety

It is necessary to wear safety goggles, gloves, and proper shoes when using crucible tongs. The scorching objects in a crucible might be spilled off and cause damage to the holder's skin. Since crucible tongs work with the crucible, one must know the safety procedures of the crucible.
* Before using the crucible, make sure that it is dry
* Fill the crucible with sample chemicals to only 1/2 or 2/3, do not fill until it is full
* If the user used the crucible to fuse the glass, waiting for the crucible to cool down before cleaning it
* Squeezing the crucible or use some metal sticks to break the cooling glass out of the crucible
* Wash it until it is clean enough

## Additional images

* Crucible Tongs with Crucible
# Crucibulum planum

Crucibulum planum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails.
# Allegory of Virtue and Vice

Allegory of Virtue and Vice may refer to:
* Allegory of Virtue and Vice (Lotto)
* Allegory of Virtue and Vice (Veronese)
# Xhosa

Xhosa may refer to:
* Xhosa people, a nation, and ethnic group, who live in south-central and southeasterly region of South Africa
* Xhosa language, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa, principally spoken by the Xhosa people
# Benmiller, Ontario

43°43′30″N 81°37′48″W﻿ / ﻿43.725088°N 81.629984°W﻿ / 43.725088; -81.629984 Benmiller, Ontario is a community located in the northwestern part of Huron County in Ontario, Canada.
The Falls Reserve Conservation Area campground and park near Benmiller is operated by the Maitland Valley Conservation Authority. This community was devastated by the F3 tornado that hit Goderich as well as Benmiller in 2011. Benmiller is southeast of Goderich.
* This Southwestern Ontario geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# California Water Service

California Water Service, commonly known as Cal Water, is an American company providing drinking water and wastewater services to a number of regions within the state of California. It was founded in 1926 and is based in San Jose, California, and provides service across multiple local districts, reaching more than 484,900 customers.

## Origins

California Water Service Company started in 1926 through the acquisition of five separate water systems:
* Chico Water Supply Company October 14, 1926
* Visalia City Water Company October 15, 1926
* Bakersfield Water Works October 15, 1926
* Electric Water Company (Bakersfield) October 15, 1926
* Fresno City Water Company October 18, 1926

## Growth

The company experienced rapid growth post World War II. At the end of the war, the company had 105,110 service connections. 15 years later, in 1960, it had grown to 233,197 customers. This was a 5.5% annual growth rate during this time reflecting the rapid urbanization of California.
In 1997, California Water Service formed a new parent holding company, California Water Service Group, in order to expand its service coverage into other regions and states. Shortly thereafter it made a major expansion into Southern California with the purchase of Dominguez Services Corp. for $53 million, incorporating its subsidiaries Antelope Valley Water Co. and Kern River Valley Water Co. into Cal Water's service districts.

## Districts

Cal Water service areas are broken down into 23 districts:
* Antelope Valley
* Bakersfield
* Bayshore
* Bear Gulch
* Chico
* Dixon
* East Los Angeles
* Kern River Valley
* King City
* Livermore
* Los Altos
* Marysville
* Oroville
* Rancho Dominguez
* Redwood Valley
* Salinas
* Selma
* Stockton
* Tesoro Viejo
* Travis
* Visalia
* Westlake
* Willows

## Water Supplies

Cal Water districts employ a wide range of water sources, including surface water diversion, groundwater pumping, and purchase from other water suppliers such as the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission's regional water system.
In 2019, a plan for Cal Water's Chico District to purchase water supply from Paradise Irrigation District in the aftermath of the 2018 Camp Fire was cancelled in the study phase.

## Treatment Facilities

Cal Water's Willows District installed in 2016 a treatment system to reduce hexavalent chromium in the local water supply using the first strong-base ion exchange treatment system of its type in the United States.
# Kunigunde of Altdorf

Kunigunde of Altdorf (also known as Cunegonde or Chuniza; c. 1020 – 31 August 1054) was a member of the Swabian line of the Elder House of Welf. She was also the ancestress of the younger House of Guelph, a cadet branch of the House of Este.

## Life

Kunigunde was the only daughter of Welf II, Count of Altdorf, and Imiza of Luxembourg. She was named after her mother’s aunt Cunigunde, who was married to Emperor Henry II. Her brother was Welf III (died 1055), the last member of the Elder House of Welf.
Kunigunde married c. 1035 to Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan, Luni, and Tortona. He was the only son of Albert Azzo I and his wife Adelaide. Kunigunde's dowry included the estate of Elisina (modern Solesino) which had formed part of her mother, Imiza’s dowry.
Kunigunde and Albert Azzo had one son:
* Welf IV (between 1030 and 1040 – 9 November 1101 in Paphos). He was named after his uncle, Welf III, whose property he later inherited. In 1070, Welf IV also succeeded to the duchy of Bavaria, which had once been ruled by his great-great-uncle Henry V, Duke of Bavaria.
# Kilmacuagh

Kilmacuagh may refer to:
* Kilmacuagh (Castlemaine), a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland
* Kilmacuagh (Cooke), a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland
* Kilmacuagh (Mechum), a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland
# Benmergui Live

Benmergui Live was a Canadian television talk show, which aired daily on CBC Newsworld in the 1990s. Hosted by Ralph Benmergui, the series centred on discussions of political, social or cultural topics with panel guests, studio audience discussion and phone-in segments.
The series aired at noon Eastern time daily, and was filmed live in the atrium of the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto, Ontario. It debuted in 1995, following the cancellation of Friday Night! with Ralph Benmergui.
In 1996 and 1997, Benmergui hosted a series of prime time specials under the Benmergui Live banner. The first, an exploration of crime and incarceration, was broadcast from the Warkworth Institution; the second, on art, was broadcast from the National Gallery of Canada.
In the 1997 season, Newsworld shifted the program's timeslot to 3 p.m. Eastern time, in a bid to accommodate Western Canadian viewers for whom the show's original time slot was 9 a.m. In October 1997, Benmergui did a week of shows from Vancouver, exploring distinctly Western Canadian issues.
Newsworld cancelled the show in 1999, amid a decision to refocus the network's daytime programming. Benmergui continued with the network as a contributor to CBC Morning and On the Arts.
# Bengtsfors Municipality

Bengtsfors Municipality (Bengtsfors kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Bengtsfors.
The present municipality was formed in 1971 when the former market town (köping) of Bengtsfors (instituted in 1926) was amalgamated with the municipalities of Bäckefors, Lelång and Steneby.

## Geography

The municipality has much water areas, consisting of lakes and streams. It makes it a good place for canoeing, fishing and bathing.
Every year a canoeing marathon called Dalslands Kanot Marathon+, or DKM+, is held. It is an enduring 55 km long (a marathon "plus"), stretching through the many municipal streams, and one of Sweden's largest canoeing competitions.
Bengtsfors is also crossed by the Dalsland Canal.

### Localities

Localities in the municipality and inhabitants:
* Bengtsfors (seat), 3,600 inh.
* Billingsfors, 1,400 inh.
* Bäckefors, 750 inh.
* Dals Långed, 1,700 inh.
* Gustavsfors, 700 inh.
* Skåpafors, 400 inh.

## Demographics

This is a demographic table based on Bengtsfors Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.
In total there were 9,389 residents, including 7,070 Swedish citizens of voting age. 46.3% voted for the left coalition and 52.9% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.
| Location | Residents | Citizen adults | Left vote | Right vote | Employed | Swedish parents | Foreign heritage | Income SEK | Degree |
| Location | | | % | % | | | | | |
| Nordvästra | 2,300 | 1,659 | 44.7 | 54.7 | 69 | 70 | 30 | 21,073 | 26 |
| Nordöstra | 1,886 | 1,340 | 45.5 | 53.5 | 68 | 70 | 30 | 21,256 | 23 |
| Norra | 2,063 | 1,610 | 45.9 | 53.3 | 82 | 83 | 17 | 24,544 | 31 |
| Sydvästra | 1,439 | 1,136 | 36.7 | 62.8 | 77 | 87 | 13 | 22,915 | 20 |
| Sydöstra | 1,701 | 1,325 | 55.9 | 43.0 | 70 | 82 | 18 | 20,036 | 35 |
| Source: SVT ||||||||||
# Bengtsheden

Bengtsheden is a locality situated in Falun Municipality, Dalarna County, Sweden with 530 inhabitants in 2010.
# Benon Mugumbya

Benon Mugumbya is a Ugandan musician and music producer. He was one half of the singing duo "Benon and Vamposs". He is the founder of Swangz Avenue.

## Early life and education

Benon Mugumbya was born on 13 December 1980 to Benon Mugumbya and Florence Mugumbya. His father died two weeks before he was born. He started singing and performing in his primary school days at Budo Junior School, active in the school choir and drama club both in his O-level at Ndejje Secondary and A-Level at Namasagali college. It’s here that he met Elvis Kirya who later adopted a stage name Vamposs. The duo joined voices right from school and launched their career as ‘Benon & Vamposs’ with help from a friend, mentor and producer, Steve Jean in 2001.
Over time Benon developed a passion for producing music. However, with very little skills in playing any musical instrument it wasn’t going to be easy but the mentorship from producers Aydee and Pato helped a great deal. he learnt a lot from these two while working at their Goodenuff studios in Makindye and in 2006 he was offered a job at Fenon records where he worked with Producer Steve Jean.
Two years later, Benon started his own studio Swangz Avenue working/producing songs for artists like Blu 3, Radio and Weasle, Juliana, GNL, Mun G, Bobi Wine, Irene Namubiru, Navio, Vamposs, Lillian Mbabazi, Michael Ross, Viboyo, Rabadaba, Bebe Cool, Aziz Azion, Keko and many more bringing a new sound to Uganda’s Airwaves and winning a number of accolades including The Pam Award Producer of the Year 2010 and The Buzz Teeniez Award for Beat Maker of the Year 2010.
In 2011 Benon Released his very first solo album entitled “Olunaku Olupya (New day)” which had songs like "Hope", "Ani Yali Amanyi", "Because of you" etc, on this debut solo Album, he worked with the likes of Michael Ouma, Herbert Kinobe, Pragmo, Kaz Kasozi, Winstone Mayanjya, Brian Muganyi, Jude Mugerwa, Estar Nabaasa, to create a blend that’s African yet urban and soulful.
In 2021, Benon was appointed to buganda tourism board to spearhead tourism initiatives in Buganda Kingdom.

## Music

Benon first made his name under a music duo Benon and Vamposs. The duo started doing music in 2000. The duo had successful songs like "Mumulete", "I know", "Nsazewo", and "My lady". The video for their song "Mumuleete" made it to the top ten on MTV chart in UK. In 2009, Vampino opted for a solo career as Benon concentrated on music production. He has had successful singles like "Ani yali amanyi" originally done by Elly Wamala, "Hope", "Owana lwaki akaaba" and "Singa Kisoboka".

## Discography

* Olunaku Olupya (A new day)

### Benon and Vamposs

* Extra, Extra Large, 2007
# Benon Liberski

Benon Liberski (3 May 1926 – 15 April 1983) was a Polish painter and graphic artist.

## Biography

Benon Liberski was born on 3 May 1926 in Łódź (Lodz) in Poland. In 1948–1951 he studied at the State Art School in Łódź and in 1951–1954 continued at Faculty of Graphic Propaganda in Katowice. He obtained a degree in Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków at the Faculty of Graphic Propaganda in Katowice (1954). Starting in 1951 he presents his works (oil painting and graphics) at national and regional painting and graphics exhibitions in Poland and abroad. He was a member of the Association of the Polish Artists. In the period 1972–1982 he worked in Academy of Fine Arts in Łódź as a lecturer, professor and pro-rector. He was also a president of the branch of Association of the Polish Artists in Łódź (Lodz) in 1965–1972.

## Style

Liberski as an artist belonged to the 'realism school' in paintings. He made cycles of paintings and graphics: "Westerns", "Dispatchers", "Acts", "Industry landscapes”. His style has elements of comic (cartoon), pop-art. All works are very expressive.
# Bernard Lietaer

Bernard Lietaer (7 February 1942 – 4 February 2019) was a Belgian civil engineer, economist, author, and educator. He studied monetary systems and promoted the idea that communities can benefit from creating their own local or complementary currency, which circulate parallel with national currencies.

## Early life

Bernard Lietaer was born on 7 February 1942 in Lauwe, Belgium. He attended College of St Paul, Godinne from 1955 to 1961. He studied engineering at the Catholic University of Leuven, in Belgium, where, later in life, he held an assistant professorship of international finance. During his engineering studies, he was a member of the debating union Olivaint Conference of Belgium. After obtaining his M.Sc. in 1967, he went on to
continue his studies at the MIT until 1969.

## Career

Lietaer's post-graduate thesis, published in 1971, included a description of "floating exchanges". The Nixon Shock of that same year eradicated the Bretton Woods system by decoupling the US dollar from the gold standard and inaugurated an era of "universal floating exchanges". Prior to that time, the only "floating exchanges" involved some Latin American currencies. The techniques which he had developed for marginal, Latin American currencies were for a time the only systematic research that could be used to deal with the major currencies of the world. A US bank negotiated exclusive rights to his approach and Lietaer began another career.
In 1987, he co-founded a currency-management firm, called GaiaCorp, and managed the offshore currency fund "Gaia Hedge II", which during the 1987–1991 period was the world's top performing managed currency fund. His biography cites the Micropal survey of 1,800 off-shore funds.
In the preface to his book The Future of Money: Beyond Greed and Scarcity, Lietaer claimed: "We almost tripled the money in three years". Business Week named him "the world’s top currency trader" in 1992.
From 2003 to 2006, he was a visiting scholar at Naropa University, USA, where he created the university's Marpa Center for Business and Economics.
While at the Central Bank in Belgium, he implemented the convergence mechanism (ECU) to the single European-currency system. During that period, he also served as President of Belgium's Electronic Payment System.
In a 2007 interview, Lietaer claimed that diversified, internationally valid currencies can help "address specific needs and enable certain exchanges – whether to fight global warming, promote employment or facilitate education and health care."
In 2012, he was co-author, along with Christian Arnsperger, Sally Goerner, and Stefan Brunnhuber, of Money & Sustainability: the missing link, a publication of The Club of Rome, in which he predicted that "the period 2007–2020 [would be] one of financial turmoil and gradual monetary breakdown."

## Personal life and death

At the time of his death, Lietaer lived in Hoyerhagen, in northern Germany.
# Beni Bahdel

Beni Bahdel is a town and commune in Tlemcen Province in northwestern Algeria.
# Bernardino Soto Estigarribia

Bernardino Soto Estigarribia (born 20 May 1952 in Coronel Oviedo) is a Paraguayan army general and politician.

## Biography

Soto entered the military academy in 1972. He followed a long military career which he culminated as General ( a rank he attained in 2007). Among other positions, he was an instructor at the School of the Americas.
2013 to 2015 he was the Defence Minister of Paraguay in the cabinet of President Horacio Cartes. Since 2018 he is once again the Defence Minister of Paraguay.
# Geoff and Judy

Geoff and Judy was a short-lived television variety series which aired in 1959 on Melbourne television station GTV-9. Hosted by Geoff Corke and Judy Jack, the series aired at 1:00PM on Tuesdays. The obscure series is largely notable for pairing two then-popular figures in Melbourne television. At the time, Australian series tended to be aired on a single station only, something that would change in the 1960s.
Geoff Corke's work on other 1950s Melbourne television series included In Melbourne Today (a daytime version of In Melbourne Tonight), variety series Anything Goes, game show Penalty Box (1957) and The Happy Go Lucky Show.
Judy Jack presented one of the earliest Australian children's series, The Judy Jack Show (1956–1957) for HSV-7 and was one of several presenters on Children's TV Club for ABV-2.
There is very little information available on Geoff and Judy, and as it was a daytime series, it is unlikely (though not impossible) that any kinescope recordings exist of it.
# Genese

Genese is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Frank Genese, American architect and politician
* Robert William Genese (1848–1928), Irish mathematician
* Genese Davis (born 1984), American writer
# Bernay-en-Champagne

Bernay-en-Champagne (French pronunciation:; formerly Bernay) is a former commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Bernay-Neuvy-en-Champagne.

## Geography

The village lies on the left bank of the Vègre, which forms all of the commune's north-eastern border, then flows southwestward through the commune.
# Lethem

Lethem may refer to:

## Places

* Lethem, Guyana, town in Guyana
** Lethem Airport

## Other uses

* Lethem (surname)
# Bernau

Bernau may refer to:
* Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany
* Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany
* Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
* Bernau im Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, a part of Waibstadt in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
# Bernd Drogan

Bernd Drogan (born 26 October 1955) is a retired East German cyclist who was active between 1971 and 1987. In 1979 he won a gold and a bronze medal in the road race at the World Cycling Championships, with the German team and individually. Next year he won a silver medal in the 100 km team time trial at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
He won a gold medal in the 100 km team time trial at the 1981 UCI Road World Championships, and next year finished as the world champion in the individual road race. He missed the 1984 Summer Olympics due to their boycott by East Germany and competed at the Friendship Games instead, winning a gold medal in the road race.
During his career, Drogan won several major road races, including those of Circuit de la Sarthe (1978), Around the Hainleite (1982) and Tour de Slovaquie (1983). He won the DDR Rundfahrt in 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1982. He was twice chosen the German Sportspersonality of the Year, in 1979 and 1982. He also had to cope with many setbacks: in 1975 he had blood poisoning after a fall at the national championships. In 1978, he broke a collarbone just before the start of the Peace Race. He also given up several major races due to bad falls on the road.
After retiring from competitions in 1985 he worked as a cycling coach and an accountant.
# Leão (disambiguation)

Leão (Portuguese for lion) may refer to:
* Émerson Leão (born 1949), Brazilian manager and former footballer
* Nara Leão (1942–1989), Brazilian bossa nova and MPB (popular Brazilian music) singer and occasional actress
* Aristides Leão (1914–1993), Brazilian biologist and scientist
* André Leão (born 1985), Portuguese footballer
* Augusto Pinto Duarte Maia (born 1971), Portuguese footballer known as Leão
* Rafael Leão (born 1999), Portuguese footballer
# Berrocal de Salvatierra

Berrocal de Salvatierra is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is 45 kilometres (28 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 91 people.
It lies 900 metres (3,000 ft) above sea level and the postal code is 37795.
# Lewis Orford (cricketer)

Lewis Alfred Orford (12 March 1865 – 18 January 1948) was an English solicitor and a cricketer who played in seven first-class cricket matches for Cambridge University in 1886 and 1887. He was born in Cheetham Hill, Manchester and died in Crumpsall, also in Manchester.
The son of a Manchester solicitor with whom he later went into partnership, Orford was educated at Uppingham School and Clare College, Cambridge. He was captain of cricket at Uppingham in 1883. As a cricketer, he was a right-handed batsman and wicketkeeper.
At Cambridge, Orford was brought into the first eleven cricket team late in the university cricket season of 1886 and did well in his first game, against Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's, as a lower order batsman and wicketkeeper, scoring 29 in his only innings and making five catches and one stumping. In the 1886 University Match against Oxford University which followed this game, he was promoted to open the batting in the second innings. He played more regularly for the first team in 1887 but remained as a lower-order batsman, despite an innings of 76 when batting at No 10 in a high-scoring match against Sussex. The 1887 University Match was his final match in first-class cricket.
Orford had graduated from Cambridge University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1886, before his final season for the cricket team. He was admitted as a solicitor in 1890 and practised alongside his father and his older brother in Manchester.
# Bessie Stivenson

Bessie Stivenson or Bessie Stevenson (c.1610? to 1659) was executed for witchcraft in Stirling, Scotland in the 17th century.

## Biography

Bessie Stivenson was tried on witchcraft-related charges in March 1659, alongside two other Stirling women, Magdalene Blair and Isobel Bennet, for using charms to cure illness. She was a widow and thought to be around 49 years old at the time of the trial.
Stivenson confessed to healing with deeds, but denied using words. She was found guilty and sentenced to death. She was strangled and burnt.