OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James M. Morrison

James M. Morrison (1805 – December 20, 1880) was an American banker who worked at the Bank of the Manhattan Company for more than forty years as teller, cashier and, finally, president from 1860 to 1879.

## Early life

Morrison was born in 1805 to Scotch parents in New Orleans, Louisiana, where his father had a winter residence. When he was still young, his father, a Louisiana planter, died which led to James and his mother returning to her native city of Aberdeen, Scotland. There, he was "carefully educated according to the rigid methods employed in the schools of that country."
In 1825, at the age of 19, Morrison decided to return to the United States to begin his career.

## Career

As a clerk in the United States and Merchant's Banks, Morrison became familiar with the banking system. In 1840, he joined the Bank of the Manhattan Company when it was still located in a brownstone at 40 Wall Street. He started his more than forty-year career with the Manhattan Company as its first teller, two years later in 1842 he was promoted to cashier and, worked "assiduously to improve the stock, which at that time was worth from 45 to 50 cents on the dollar." The board of directors elected him president of the Bank in 1860. According to his obituary in The New York Times:
   "During the unsettled condition of business affairs which succeeded the war, Mr. Morrison manifested a shrewdness and ability which enabled him to survive the financial crash that ultimately resulted in the suspension of many other banking institutions."
In the latter part of 1879, his health began to decline and he resigned the presidency, although he continued to serve on the board of directors. Morrison was succeeded by John S. Harberger, who died of malarial fever a year later in October 1880.

## Personal life

Morrison was the father of David Mitchell Morrison (b. 1841), who served as president of the Washington Trust Company, and founded the banking firm of Morrison & Putnam. He married Abby Putnam, a daughter of Capt. Nathaniel Putnam of Brooklyn, in 1877.
He died on December 20, 1880, at 158 West 23rd Street, his residence in Manhattan. After a funeral at the South Reformed Church at Fifth Avenue and 21st Street, he was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx. The pallbearers at his funeral were Samuel Sloan, George D. H. Gillespie, John Sloan, John Harsen Rhoades (a banker), George S. Coe (president of the American Exchange National Bank of New-York), Samuel D. Babcock (president of the Down Town Association), Jacob D. Vermilye (president of the Merchants' Bank), John A. Stewart, Nathaniel D. Putnam, and B. B. Sherman.

### Descendants

Through his son David, he was a grandfather of Abby Morrison, who became a well known singer. After her marriage to William Wood Ricker (and engineer who was president of the Guarantee Construction Company), she was known as Abby Morrison Ricker.
# A Protocol of 1919

A Protocol of 1919 is a fabricated text published as an appendix in some editions of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. It was purportedly found on 9 December 1919 among the documents of a Jewish Red battalion commander killed in the Estonian War of Independence. The document's supposed authors, the "Israelite International League", gloat over their success at reducing the Russian people to "helpless slaves", and urge their fellow Jews to "excite hatred" and "buy up Government loans and gold", in order to grow in "political and economic power and influence". The text has been cited, as with other antisemitic canards, as evidence for the antisemitic belief that the Jews are conspiring to take over the world.

## History

A Protocol of 1919 was first published in the Estonian newspaper Postimees (morning edition) on 31 December 1919. Postimees detailed how the originally Hebrew text was found from the pocket of Shunderev, a Jewish Bolshevik battalion commander in the 11th Rifle Regiment who had been killed in action on the night before 9 December. At the time, Postimees was owned by Jaan Tõnisson, an Estonian nationalist politician.
The text appeared next on 5 February 1920 in Prizyv, a Russian newspaper in Berlin. Prizvy described it as "an interesting document". Later it was reproduced in the appendix of a greatly expanded English-language edition of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, published in 1934 by the Patriotic Publishing Co., operating from a post office box in Chicago, Illinois.
Walter Laqueur, an American historian, states that "the German right-wing extremist press was supplied for years with information first published in Prizyv during its nine months of existence", and points to A Protocol of 1919 as a "typical" example.

## Content

The document consists of eleven short paragraphs of vague antisemitic generalizations, with eight admonitions to be "careful" or "cautious", and is signed by "The Central Committee of the Petersburg Branch of the Israelite International League".
# James H. Rubin

James Henry Rubin is an American art historian and a professor of history at Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York.

## Early life and education

James Rubin was born on May 4, 1944. He was educated at Phillips Andover, Yale (B.A.), Harvard (PhD) and the Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie of the Sorbonne in Paris (license-ès-lettres).

## Career

Prior to Stony Brook, he taught at Harvard University, Boston University and Princeton University. At Stony Brook, he was department chair for fifteen years. He also taught part-time for many years at The Cooper Union, New York City.
He has published over sixty articles and essays on subjects ranging from the eighteenth century to the present. He is the author of 13 books: Eighteenth Century French Life Drawing (1977), Realism and Social Vision in Courbet and Proudhon (1981), Eugène Delcaroix's 'Dantebarke' (1987), Manet's Silence and the Poetics of Bouquets (1994), Courbet (1997), Impressionism (1999), Nadar (2001), Impressionist Cats and Dogs: Pets in the Painting of Modern Life (2003), Impressionism and the Modern Landscape: Productivity, Technology and Urbanization from Manet to Van Gogh (2008), Manet: Initial M, hand and eye (2010, French edition 2011); Realism and Music: Courbet, Berlioz, Wagner and Relations between the Arts in Nineteenth-Century France (2012, e-book); and How to Read Impressionism: Ways of Looking (2013); and an edited volume, Rival Sisters: Art and Music at the Birth of Modernism, 1815-1915 (2014). His books have been translated into several languages including, French, Greek, Korean, Japanese, and Dutch.
He has served on the International Committee of the College Art Association (CAA) and represented the CAA at the United Nations. He is a member and Vice President of the Société Paul Cézanne, based in Aix-en-Provence, France. At Stony Brook, he is an affiliate of the Department of European Languages, the Department of Cultural Studies and Critical Analysis, and the Department of Philosophy. When he teaches graduate seminars at Stony Brook's annex campus in Manhattan, they are cross-listed with Philosophy as part of Stony Brook’s Art and Philosophy program. In 2008, he was a Research Visiting Professor at the Université de Paris I, Institut national d'histoire de l'art in Paris. He is the winner of an American Council of Learned Societies Travel Grant and as of 2016 was on leave as a National Endowment for the Humanities Public Scholar.

## Personal life

He is a dual French-U.S. citizen, speaking fluent French and English. He travels frequently, lectures and collaborates internationally, while living in New York City and in Mittelbergheim, Alsace. His son is the filmmaker Henry-Alex Rubin.
# Abbas Ibrahim

Abbas Ibrahim or Abass Ibrahim (عباس إبراهيم) may refer to:
* Abbas Ibrahim (politician) (born 1941), Maldivian politician
* Abbas Ibrahim (Lebanese officer) (born 1959), major general and general director of the General Directorate of General Security
* Abbas Ibrahim Zada (born 1970), Afghan politician
* Abass Ibrahim or Abbas Ibrahim (born 1988), Saudi pop singer
* Abbas Ibrahim (footballer) (born 1998), Nigerian footballer
# James D. Rogers

James D. "Jim" Rogers (born 1949) was the President and CEO of Kampgrounds of America (KOA) until December 2015 (when Pat Hittmeier took over). He lives in Reno, NV. Rogers first job at KOA started in 1972 as a management trainee. He stayed for nearly three years before heading to UCLA to complete a master's degree in business administration. After a couple of years as general manager of a South Lake Tahoe resort, he went to work for Harrah's Entertainment Inc. in 1978, eventually becoming senior vice president and general manager of Harrah's Reno in 1994. Then, in January 2000, he returned to KOA as president and chief executive officer.

## Scouting

Rogers became an Eagle Scout in Greenbrae, California in 1965 and a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Nevada Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America in Reno, Nevada in 2002. Rogers received the BSA's highest national volunteer award, The Silver Buffalo, in May, 2016. Scouting's values play an important role in this entire family. He has a wife, Sandy, and three sons: Ben, Judd, and Tyler; all three are Eagle Scouts. Rogers is the brother of T. Gary Rogers, who is also an Eagle Scout and Distinguished Eagle Scout. Their brother Don is also an Eagle Scout; as are seven of the family's sons, for a total of 10 Eagle Scouts across two generations of this family.
Rogers is a member of the National Executive Board of the Boy Scouts of America, the organization's governing body.
# Aleksandra Przegalińska

Aleksandra Katarzyna Przegalińska-Skierkowska (born 18 January 1982) is a Polish futurist. She is an associate professor of management and artificial intelligence as well as a vice-rector at Kozminski University.

## Life

Przegalińska is a research fellow at the American Institute for Economic Research and the Center for Collective Intelligence at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is also a visiting scholar at the Labor & Worklife Center at Harvard University.
In 2014, she defended her Ph.D. in philosophy at the University of Warsaw, focusing on phenomenology of virtual entities.
Her recent works include Collaborative society (MIT Press), a 2020 book with Dariusz Jemielniak, in which she discusses the cooperative turn in the society enabled by technology, and Wearable Technologies in Organizations: Privacy, Efficiency and Autonomy in Work (2019, Springer), in which she discusses the privacy and efficiency aspects of wearables in organizations. She is a host of a radio show about the future and technology, "Coś Osobliwego" (verbatim Something Particular, a wordplay in Polish meaning also Something Singular, referring to singularity).
She is a frequently invited expert in the Polish media, with interviews, among others, for Forbes, Gazeta Wyborcza, TVN, Bankier, Onet, Forsal, or Krytyka Polityczna.
# Bahakot

Bahakot is a village development committee in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 1,731 living in 448 households.
# Dark-brown serotine

The dark-brown serotine (Pseudoromicia brunnea) is a species of vesper bat found in Central and West Africa.

## Taxonomy and etymology

It was described as a new species in 1880 by British zoologist Oldfield Thomas. He described the species based on individuals collected by Robb in Old Calabar, Nigeria. Thomas initially placed the new species in the now-defunct genus Vesperugo, subgenus Vesperus (also defunct). Its first binomial name was Vesperugo brunneus. The species name "brunneus" is Latin for "brown". This likely refers to its fur color. In his description of the species, Thomas hypothesized that it was closely related to the Cape serotine, Neoromicia capensis (formerly Vesperugo capensis). In 2020, the species was reclassified in the new genus Pseudoromicia based on phylogenetic studies.

## Description

Thomas described this species as dark brown, with short ears and a well-developed calcar on the uropatagium. Its tragus is "medium length", straight, and has a flat tip. Its head and body is 1.8 in (46 mm) long; its tail is 1.35 in (34 mm) long; its ear is 0.55 in (14 mm) long; its tragus is 0.2 in (5.1 mm) long. Its forearm is 33–38 mm (1.3–1.5 in) long. Its wing membranes are blackish-brown in color. Its dental formula is 2.1.1.33.1.2.3 for a total of 32 teeth.

## Biology

Females give birth to one pup at a time. It is parasitized by at least one species of bat fly, Basilia echinata.

## Range and habitat

This species is found in several countries in West and Central Africa, including Cameroon, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. It is known as a rainforest specialist. It is usually found at low altitudes, but has been recorded at elevations up to 1,470 m (4,820 ft) above sea level.

## Conservation

It is evaluated as near threatened by the IUCN. It meets the criteria for this designation because its population is likely in significant decline, but the decline is probably not greater than 30% over 10 years. There is also widespread habitat loss throughout its known range. The IUCN notes that the species is close to qualifying for vulnerable status. Specific threats to this species include deforestation for timber harvest and Conversion to farmland.
# Khemis Miliana District

Khemis Miliana District is a district of Aïn Defla Province, Algeria.

## Municipalities

The district is further divided into two municipalities.
* Khemis Miliana
* Sidi Lakhdar

## Notable people

* Mohamed Belhocine (born 1951), Algerian medical scientist, professor of internal medicine and epidemiology.
# Haritalodes pseudoderogata

Haritalodes pseudoderogata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Strand in 1920. It is found in Cameroon.
# Castelletto Cervo

Castelletto Cervo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Biella.
Castelletto Cervo borders the municipalities of Buronzo, Gifflenga, Lessona, Masserano, and Mottalciata.

## Main sights

* Castle, dating to c. 13th century
* Parish church
* Romanesque monastic complex of San Pietro di Castelletto, built in 1087-1092.
# Heegner

* Kurt Heegner was a German mathematician
* Heegner points are special points on elliptic curves
* The Stark–Heegner theorem identifies the imaginary quadratic fields of class number 1.
* A Heegner number is a number n such that Q(√−n) is an imaginary quadratic field of class number 1.
# Cassandra Willoughby, Duchess of Chandos

Cassandra Willoughby, Duchess of Chandos (23 April 1670 – 16 July 1735) was an English historian, travel writer and artist. She spent more than a quarter-century overseeing the restoration of the gardens and rebuilding of the family mansion at Wollaton Hall, now in Nottingham, inherited by her father, Francis Willoughby.

## Biography

She was the daughter of Francis Willoughby of Wollaton, Nottinghamshire, a Fellow of the Royal Society and writer on natural history, and his wife Emma, the daughter of Sir Henry Barnard of Bridgnorth, Shropshire and London. Her grandaunt, Elizabeth Weston, was the daughter of Sir Simon Weston, and niece of Chancellor David Yale.
When her 19-year-old brother Francis disagreed with his stepfather's handling of his finances, Cassandra accompanied him in 1687 to the Willoughby family's earlier seat, Wollaton Hall in Nottinghamshire: "This proposall [of her brother's] I was much delighted with, thinking it would be no small pleasure for me to be Mrs of Wollaton, and to doe whatever I had a mind to." She then oversaw restoration of the gardens and rebuilding of the house over a quarter of a century.
In 1713, at the age of 43, Cassandra married her rich cousin, James Brydges FRS, at Chelsea College Chapel as his second wife. Brydges' social standing rose the following year when he inherited a barony and baronetcy on the death of his father, 8th Baron Chandos of Sudeley. He was soon created Earl of Carnarvon and then in 1719 became Duke of Chandos and Cassandra his Duchess.
The National Gallery of Canada has a portrait of Cassandra and her husband by Sir Godfrey Kneller dated 1713. It also features the two sons of Brydges by his first wife.
Cassandra died childless at the age of 65 and was buried in the Chandos Mausoleum at St Lawrence's Church, Whitchurch, Little Stanmore, near the ducal seat of Cannons. Both the mother and sister of Jane Austen were named after Cassandra, to mark their link with a ducal family. Jane's mother was the granddaughter of the first Cassandra's sister-in-law, Mary Brydges, being the sister of her husband James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos.
Jane Austen was the author of Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Mansfield Park (1814). Her mother, Cassandra Austen, née Leigh, was the great-grandniece of the first Duke of Chandos (1673-1744) and Duchess Cassandra Willoughby.
John Willoughby is a character in her book Sense and Sensibility.

## Writings

Before she married, Cassandra Willoughby compiled a history of her father's family entitled The Continuation of the History of the Willoughby Family, to be found in the Manuscripts Department at the University of Nottingham Library.
Some of her correspondence from before and after her marriage is preserved at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Record Office, at the North London Collegiate School and the Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, California. In addition, she left some travel writings and genealogies.
# Cassandra Wilkinson

Cassandra Wilkinson OAM is an Australian author and the former president and co-founder of FBi Radio. She is married to former Australian politician Paul McLeay.

## Writing career

Wilkinson was a columnist for the newspaper The Australian. She wrote Don't Panic – Nearly Everything is Better Than You Think, published by Pluto Press in 2007. and The Kids Are Alright – 10 Good Reasons to Relax and Let Kids Be Kids. She has made presentations at the Sydney Writers' Festival and the Festival of Dangerous Ideas. She has written individual chapters on happiness economics in Happiness (Spinney Press, 2008) and on effective programs for the poor in Right Social Justice (Connor Court, 2012). She contributed to So You Want to Be a Leader.
She was regular commentator for Sky News Agenda, The Bolt Report and ABC's The Drum. She was featured in Best Australian Science Writing 2012 (UNSW Press). She has written on innovation in public policy in The Three Sector Solution (ANU 2014). Wilkinson's play After Dinner Mince was performed at the Sydney Fringe Festival Big Competition for Little Plays in 1998.

## Career

Wilkinson is an executive at NSW Treasury. Wilkinson previously worked for Social Finance Pty Ltd, a start-up social impact bonds broker. She was a senior public servant and senior political adviser to the New South Wales Treasurer and other Labor ministers.
Cassandra Wilkinson is co-owner of Lazy Thinking Records. She is a member of the board of the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS). She is a current board member and former Vice President of the Council for Civil Liberties.
Cassandra was one of the founding members of FBi Radio and served as President from 1997 to 2021.
Wilkinson was a freight expert, holding the position of Director, Rail and Freight Policy in the New South Wales Ministry of Transport. She was made redundant from this position in January 2009, following the New South Wales government decision to axe executive positions. She was a director in the Economics practice of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu before returning to work for Premier Kristina Keneally until the defeat of the Labor government in March 2011.
In addition to being a founder and president of FBi FM, she was a director of Music NSW and of the Human Capital Project, a charity that provides personal equity loans to poor students in Cambodia. She was previously vice president of the Community Broadcasting Association of Australia and a director of Sydney City Farm. From 2016 to 2022 she was a committee member and Treasurer of the Inner West Roller Derby League.

## Honours and recognition

Wilkinson was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in the 2024 King's Birthday Honours for "service to the broadcast media, and to the community".
# Castirla

Castirla (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica.

## Geography
### Climate

Castirla has a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). The average annual temperature in Castirla is 14.5 °C (58.1 °F). The average annual rainfall is 705.0 mm (27.76 in) with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 24.3 °C (75.7 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.6 °C (42.1 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Castirla was 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) on 19 July 2023; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −10.5 °C (13.1 °F) on 10 January 1981.
Climate data for Castirla (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1974−2022) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.5 (72.5) | 24.0 (75.2) | 32.5 (90.5) | 30.0 (86.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 39.5 (103.1) | 41.5 (106.7) | 41.0 (105.8) | 36.0 (96.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 28.5 (83.3) | 21.5 (70.7) | 41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.2 (52.2) | 13.5 (56.3) | 16.9 (62.4) | 19.4 (66.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 28.9 (84.0) | 33.1 (91.6) | 32.7 (90.9) | 27.7 (81.9) | 22.5 (72.5) | 15.8 (60.4) | 11.2 (52.2) | 21.5 (70.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) | 7.0 (44.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.4 (54.3) | 17.0 (62.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 19.9 (67.8) | 15.7 (60.3) | 10.1 (50.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | 14.5 (58.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.5 (32.9) | 2.9 (37.2) | 5.4 (41.7) | 9.4 (48.9) | 12.8 (55.0) | 15.5 (59.9) | 15.3 (59.5) | 12.2 (54.0) | 9.0 (48.2) | 4.4 (39.9) | 1.4 (34.5) | 7.4 (45.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.5 (13.1) | −7.0 (19.4) | −9.0 (15.8) | −3.5 (25.7) | 0.5 (32.9) | 4.0 (39.2) | 6.5 (43.7) | 6.0 (42.8) | 4.0 (39.2) | 1.0 (33.8) | −5.0 (23.0) | −8.0 (17.6) | −10.5 (13.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 61.5 (2.42) | 54.9 (2.16) | 56.7 (2.23) | 74.2 (2.92) | 47.8 (1.88) | 31.7 (1.25) | 20.6 (0.81) | 27.5 (1.08) | 47.0 (1.85) | 87.2 (3.43) | 97.1 (3.82) | 98.8 (3.89) | 705.0 (27.76) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 7.0 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 8.3 | 5.8 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 7.4 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 73.9 |
| Source: Météo-France ||||||||||||||
# Castle's moray eel

Castle's moray (Gymnothorax castlei) is a moray eel found in coral reefs in the western central Pacific Ocean. It was first named by E.B. Böhlke and J.E. Randall in 1999.
# Castle of La Muela

The Castle of La Muela (Spanish: Castillo de la Muela) is a castle in Consuegra, Spain. It was a stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller during the Middle Ages.

## History and description

The castle tops off the Cerro Calderico, that also hosts a number of windmills, dominating over Consuegra.
Gifted by Alfonso VIII to the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem in 1183 along its dominions, the most relevant features of the fortification are dated after the donation, largely a number of expansions and restorations in the 12th and 13th centuries. An hermitage was built in the castle in the late 15th century. The castled endured notable damage during the Peninsular War. It became a municipal property in 1962.
The whole Cerro Calderico—along the castle and the windmills—was declared Bien de Interés Cultural under the protection status of "historical site" in 2008.
# Heaven and Hell (video game)

Heaven and Hell is a real-time strategy God game developed by German studio MadCat Interactive and published by CDV Software in 2003.
# Helen Russell

Helen Russell may refer to:
* Helen Russell (rugby union)
* Helen Russell (writer)