OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Indirect agonist

In pharmacology, an indirect agonist or indirect-acting agonist is a substance that enhances the release or action of an endogenous neurotransmitter but has no specific agonist activity at the neurotransmitter receptor itself. Indirect agonists work through varying mechanisms to achieve their effects, including transporter blockade, induction of transmitter release, and inhibition of transmitter breakdown.

## Mechanisms of indirect agonism
### Reuptake inhibition

Cocaine is a monoamine transporter blocker and, thus, an indirect agonist of dopamine receptors. Cocaine binds the dopamine transporter (DAT), blocking the protein's ability to uptake dopamine from the synaptic cleft and also blocking DAT from terminating dopamine signaling. Blockage of DAT increases the extracellular concentration of dopamine, therefore increasing the amount of dopamine receptor binding and signaling.
Dipyridamole inhibits reuptake of adenosine, resulting in greater extracellular concentrations of adenosine. Dipyridamole also inhibits the enzyme adenosine deaminase, the enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of adenosine.

### Evoking transmitter release

Fenfluramine is an indirect agonist of serotonin receptors. Fenfluramine binds to the serotonin transporter, blocking serotonin reuptake. However, fenfluramine also acts to induce non-exocytotic serotonin release; in a mechanism similar to that of methamphetamine in dopamine neurons, fenfluramine binds to VMAT2, disrupting the compartmentalization of serotonin into vesicles and increasing the concentration of cytoplasmic serotonin available for drug-induced release.
# Sezzadio

Sezzadio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Alessandria.
Sezzadio borders the following municipalities: Carpeneto, Cassine, Castelnuovo Bormida, Castelspina, Gamalero, Montaldo Bormida, Predosa, and Rivalta Bormida.
It is the location of the Abbey of Santa Giustina, founded in 722 by the Lombard king Liutprand. In 1033 the abbey was enlarged by the marquis of Sezzadio, Oberto, remaining under the Benedictines until 1474. The church has a large cotto façade divided by pilasters and crowned by Lombard bands. The interior has a nave and two aisles ending with apses. In the apses are frescoes from the 14th and 15th centuries, while the crypt has an 11th-century mosaic pavement. Antonio Barbavara was briefly the Abbot in 1428. Mark Knowles argues that Antonio was the author of the Voynich cipher manuscript.
The large parish church was built from 1900 in neo-Gothic style.
# Seán Ó Ceallaigh

Seán Ó Ceallaigh may refer to:
* Seán T. O'Kelly (1882–1966), second President of Ireland (1945–1959).
* Seán Ó Ceallaigh (Clare politician) (1896–1994), Irish Fianna Fáil politician from County Clare
* John J. O'Kelly (1873–1957), known as "Sceilg", Irish politician, author and publisher.
# Independent Paralympic Athletes at the 2016 Summer Paralympics

The Independent Paralympic Athletes Team, a team consisting of refugee and asylee Paralympic athletes, competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016. Its creation was announced on 5 August 2016.

## Participation

The team was announced on August 5, 2016, by the International Paralympic Committee. Participants were nominated for the team by National Paralympic Committees who were aware of qualified sportspeople. The International Paralympic Committee stepped in to assist with getting athletes ready by doing a number of things, including insuring that athletes were classified.
On 26 August 2016, the IPC announced the two members of the refugee team: Ibrahim Al Hussein of Syria, who will compete in the S10 50 and 100 m freestyle swimming events, and Shahrad Nasajpour of Iran, who will compete in F37 Discus. Tony Sainsbury was the chef de mission of the team; Sainsbury has previously been the chef de mission of the British Paralympic Team at five Paralympics.
The team was considered a success and it was recreated as the Refugee Paralympic Team at the 2020 Summer Paralympics and both of the athletes in this team returned in 2020.
| Parathlete | Country of origin | Host NPC | Sport | Event |
| Shahrad Nasajpour | Iran | USA | Para athletics | Men's Discus F37 |
| Ibrahim Al Hussein | Syria | Greece | Para swimming | Men's 50m freestyle S9 Men's 100m freestyle S9 |

## Disability classifications

Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependent upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Some sports, such as athletics, divide athletes by both the category and severity of their disabilities, other sports, for example swimming, group competitors from different categories together, the only separation being based on the severity of the disability.

## Athletics

| Athlete | Events | Result | Rank |
| Shahrad Nasajpour | Discus F37 | 39.64 | 11 |

## Swimming

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Ibrahim Al Hussein | 50 m freestyle S9 | 35.54 | 18 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Ibrahim Al Hussein | 100 m freestyle S9 | 1:20.98 | 21 | did not advance | did not advance |
# Independent Paralympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Paralympics

Independent Paralympic participants were athletes from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona. Athletes from the parts of Yugoslavia still terming themselves "Yugoslavia" had competed as "independent Olympic participants" at the 1992 Summer Olympics, also hosted by Barcelona. They were not permitted to participate as "Yugoslavia", due to United Nations Security Council Resolution 757 placing sanctions on the country. The International Paralympic Committee thus recognises Yugoslavia's participation in the Paralympics from 1972 to 1988 and from 1996 to 2000 inclusive, but not in 1992, where its athletes officially belonged to no national delegation.
There were sixteen "independent Paralympic participants" at the 1992 Games, competing in athletics, shooting, swimming and table tennis. They won a total of eight medals, of which four gold.

## Medallists

| Medal | Name | Games | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Nada Vuksanovic | 1992 Barcelona | Athletics | Women's discus B2 |
| Gold | Ruzica Aleksov | 1992 Barcelona | Shooting | Mixed air pistol SH1>3 |
| Gold | Branimir Jovanovski | 1992 Barcelona | Shooting | Mixed air pistol SH1 |
| Gold | Nenad Krisanovic | 1992 Barcelona | Swimming | Men's 50 m breaststroke SB2 |
| Silver | Nada Vuksanovic | 1992 Barcelona | Athletics | Women's shot put B2 |
| Silver | Radomir Rakonjac | 1992 Barcelona | Shooting | Mixed air pistol SH1 |
| Silver | Nenad Krisanovic | 1992 Barcelona | Swimming | Men's 50 m butterfly S3-4 |
| Bronze | Zlatko Kesler | 1992 Barcelona | Table tennis | Men's singles 3 |
# Shand Kydd

Shand Kydd is an English surname. It may refer to:
* Frances Shand Kydd (1936–2004), the mother of Diana, Princess of Wales
* John Shand Kydd (born 1959), British photographer
* Peter Shand Kydd (1925–2006), onetime stepfather of Diana, Princess of Wales
# Shanxi Courtyard Houses

The courtyard houses of Shanxi or the Shanxi family compounds are located in Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China, approximately 500km south of Beijing. "These castle-like structures were constructed in the Qing dynasty by local merchants, and offer a glimpse into the architecture and traditional building techniques of the times."

## List

* Qiao's Courtyard Houses, Qi County
* Qu's Courtyard Houses, Qi County
* Wang's Courtyard Houses, Lingshi County
* Cao's Courtyard Houses, Taigu County
* Kong Xiangxi's Former Residence, Taigu County

## World Heritage Status

The first four of these sites were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on March 28, 2008, in the Cultural category.
# Shane Broad

Shane Thomas Broad (born 21 August 1974) is an Australian politician; a five-time national champion and Australian representative rower; and an agricultural scientist.

## Early life

Broad grew up on a farm at Gawler, attended Ulverstone Primary School, Ulverstone High School and Don College. He was also an exchange student to the Faroe Islands with AFS.

## Club and state rowing

Broad started rowing at age 14 at the Ulverstone Rowing Club in north west Tasmania. When attending university in Hobart he moved to the Huon Rowing Club at Franklin in southern Tasmania, where most of his senior rowing was based.
He was selected and rowed in Tasmanian representative men's lightweight fours contesting the Penrith Cup at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships from 1995 to 2003. Those Tasmanian fours were victorious in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003.

## International representative rowing

Broad was in the Australian lightweight rowing squad and competed at World Rowing Championships from 2000 to 2003. He made his Australian representative debut in the Australian men's lightweight eight at the World Rowing Cup III in Lucerne. Later that year at the 2000 World Rowing Championships in Zagreb, he won a bronze medal in the three seat of the lightweight men's eight.
In 2001 he raced in a lightweight coxless four at the World Rowing Cup IV in Munich and then at the 2001 World Rowing Championships in Lucerne he doubled-up in the lightweight eight and in a coxless four. Both boats finished outside of medal contention. In 2002 he rowed with Matt Russell in the Australian lightweight coxless pair. They competed at the World Rowing Cup III and then at the 2002 World Rowing Championships in Seville where they finished in overall ninth place.
At the 2003 World Rowing Championships in Milan, he won silver in the lightweight men's quad scull. It was his final national representative appearance.

## Professional career

Broad worked as an agricultural scientist for the University of Tasmania.

## Political career

Broad was a councillor on the Central Coast Council. He ran as a Labor candidate for Braddon at the 2010 and 2014 Tasmanian state elections, but was not elected. When state Labor leader Bryan Green resigned from politics in March 2017, the Tasmanian Electoral Commission conducted a recount of the 2014 ballot papers excluding Green, and declared Broad elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly on 4 April.
# Inishdooey

Inishdooey (Gaeilge: Inis Dúiche, although local Gaelic speakers know it as Oileán Dúiche, retaining the element ‘Inis’ only for the two nearby islands on either side of it) is a privately owned 96-acre island just off the north-west coast of County Donegal in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. The island is situated 1 km north of Inishbofin, near Machaire Rabhartaigh (Magheroarty).
# Shaq Diesel

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| NME | 7/10 |
Shaq Diesel is the debut studio album by American professional basketball player and rapper Shaquille O'Neal. It was released on October 26, 1993, through Jive Records.
The recording sessions took place at Parc Studios in Orlando, Platinum Post in Winter Park, Beat Street Studios in North Hollywood, and Battery Studios. The album was produced by Erick Sermon, Def Jef, Meech Wells, K-Cut, and Ali Shaheed Muhammad, with Colin Wolfe serving as co-producer. It features guest appearances from Phife Dawg, Fu-Schnickens and Def Jef.
Despite mixed reviews, the album became a surprising success, reaching No. 25 on the Billboard 200 and No. 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States and eventually achieving platinum status by the Recording Industry Association of America on March 21, 1994, for shipping of one million copies.
Three singles from the album also managed to fare well on the charts, with "What's Up Doc? (Can We Rock)" peaked at No. 39, "(I Know I Got) Skillz" at No. 35 and "I'm Outstanding" at No. 47 on the Billboard Hot 100. The first two singles were certified gold by the RIAA for shipping of 500,000 units. A fourth single entitled "Shoot Pass Slam" was also released, but did not make it to the Billboard charts.

## Track listing
### Sample credits

* Track 2 contains a sample of "Snake Eyes" written by Shawn McKenzie, Kevin McKenzie and William Mitchell and performed by Main Source.
* Track 3 contains samples of "Outstanding" written by Raymond Calhoun and performed by the Gap Band, "The Payback" written by James Brown, John Starks and Fred Wesley and performed by James Brown, and "Don't Stop the Music" written and performed by Yarbrough and Peoples.
* Track 5 contains samples of "Watermelon Man" written and performed by Herbie Hancock, "Kalism" written and performed by the Kali Tribe, and "Basketball Throwdown" performed by the Cold Crush Brothers & Fantastic Freaks.
* Track 6 contains a sample of "Wrath of My Madness" written by Dana Owens and Mark James and performed by Queen Latifah.
* Track 7 contains a sample of "Tarzan" written and performed by Johnny "Guitar" Watson.
* Track 10 contains a sample of a performance by Sam Kinison.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Shannon O'Donnell (writer)

Shannon O'Donnell (born 1983) is an American writer, traveler and public speaker. She is best known for A Little Adrift, a travel blog she founded to document her travel and philanthropy throughout the world. In 2013 she was named Traveler of the Year by National Geographic. O'Donnell continues to travel and speaks publicly, focusing on the topic of Voluntourism and global citizenship. She has been featured by media outlets that have included Daily Mail, CNN Money, BBC, National Public Radio and International Business Times.

## Early life and education

O'Donnell was born in 1983 and raised in St. Petersburg, Florida, where she attended St. Petersburg High School's IB program and the University of Central Florida. She graduated from UCF in 2006 with a degree in Advertising and Public Relations.

## Career

After graduating from UCF, O'Donnell moved to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career. In 2008, she started a new venture when she decided to travel solo around the globe over the course of a year. She sold most of her possessions and drove back across the United States to leave the rest of her things with her parents. She then set off on her round the world journey. To document her travels, O'Donnell launched A Little Adrift, a blog where she now provides advice to other travelers as well as her other travels since the global trip.
O'Donnell began her travel in Sydney and consisted of 15 countries in Asia and Europe. During her travels, she participated in numerous volunteer projects. O'Donnell wrote a book in 2012 called the Volunteer Travelers Handbook. The same year she launched the website Grassroots Volunteering. Her travel and volunteering around the globe caught the attention of and earned her the recognition of being National Geographic's 2013 traveler of the year.
O'Donnell continues to travel and is a public speaker, keynoting at the International Convocation at Shenandoah University in 2013. Additional speaking engagements have included the University of Central Florida in 2013 and a National Geographic Live event held in Washington D.C. in 2014.
# August 1 Medal (1955)

The August 1 Medal (Chinese: 八一勋章; pinyin: Bā Yī Xūn Zhāng), sometimes known as the Order of Bayi, was a Chinese military award awarded to heroes of the Liberation of China during the Chinese Civil War, that started on August 1, 1927. There are three grades: First Class, Second Class, and Third Class.

## Pattern
### Service Ribbon

* 1st Class
* 2nd Class
* 3rd Class

## Notable recipients

* Ten Marshals: Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Chen Yi, Luo Ronghuan, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen, Ye Jianying.
* Ten Senior Generals: Su Yu, Xu Haidong, Huang Kecheng, Chen Geng, Tan Zheng, Xiao Jinguang, Zhang Yunyi, Luo Ruiqing, Wang Shusheng, Xu Guangda.
* General officer: Song Renqiong, Wang Zhen, Xu Shiyou, etc.
* Lieutenant general: Kong Qingde, Wang Jinshan, Wang Shangrong, etc.
* Major general: Han Dongshan, Jin Rubai, Sun Chaoqun, Yang Yongsong, etc.
* Senior colonel: Zhou Shiyuan, Luo Houfu, and Xing Shixiu.
* Soldiers: Feng Baiju, Feng Zhongyun, Li Yanlu, and Zhou Baozhong.
# Brendan J. Dugan

Brendan J. Dugan (August 24, 1947 – December 18, 2016) was the 18th President of St. Francis College. Prior to becoming the President of St. Francis College, Dugan served as chairman of St. Francis College's Board of Trustees and as chairman and CEO of Metro New York Division of Santander Bank.

## Education

Dugan held a B.S. degree from St. Francis College, obtained in 1968.

## Career

Dugan's last banking position was as chairman and CEO of Sovereign Bank's Metro New York Division. Sovereign had acquired Independence Bank where he worked since 2003. Prior to joining Independence, he served as chief operating officer of Citibank Commercial Markets (2001–2003), president of European American Bank (1991–2001) and president and chief executive officer of NatWest USA (1974–1991). Dugan was also a director of Cox and Company, a manufacturer of aerospace parts for military and civil applications.
Dugan died on December 18, 2016, at the age of 69, while serving as the president of St. Francis College.

## Personal

Dugan was of Irish heritage. He had been honored by both the St. Patrick's Society of Brooklyn and The Great Irish Fair. Other community organizations bestowing honors upon Dugan in the past include; the Greater Jamaica Development Corporation, the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, Helen Keller Services for the Blind, the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation, the American Jewish Congress, Touro Law School, St. Francis College, the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce, the Brooklyn Children's Museum, and the Boy Scouts of America. In addition in June 2009, Dugan was inducted into the Order of the Knights of St. Gregory the Great by Pope Benedict XVI.
# Government College of Technology, Faisalabad

The Government College of Technology, Samanabad, Faisalabad (GCT Faislaabad) is a public college located in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. It was established in 1966 as Government Polytechnic Institute and upgraded as Government College of Technology in 1981.

## Academics
### Diploma of Associate Engineering (DAE) programs

The college offers following three-year Diploma of Associate Engineering (DAE) programs:
* Civil technology
* Electrical technology
* Food technology
* Instrumentation technology
* Mechanical technology
* Mechanical (power) technology specialization in auto and farm machinery technology
* Textile dying and printing technology
* Two years diploma in culinary arts

### Bachelor's program

The college also offers following bachelor's degree program:
BSc Electrical engineering technology
# Shash Appan

Shash Appan is a Welsh LGBT+ and anti-racist activist. A co-founder of Trans Aid Cymru, she also serves as a director of the Trans Safety Network. She has also advocated for tenant rights, co-founding a website for tenants in Cardiff to anonymously rate their landlords.

## Biography

She is of Indian descent. In 2020, she organised several protests in Cardiff calling for reform of the Gender Recognition Act 2004.
In March 2021, she raised concerns about a hustings held online by the Youth Cymru charity in which Plaid Cymru MS Helen Mary Jones was invited to speak, despites Jones having repeatedly made controversial comments about transgender people. After attempting to raise concerns, she was subsequently kicked out of the hustings after displaying the trans pride flag in her profile picture. The controversy led to the resignations of two of the charity's trustees. In August 2021, she was named to Wales Online's Pinc List of the most influential LGBT+ people in Wales.
In April 2022, she gave a speech at a protest held by Trans Aid Cymru in front of the Tŷ William Morgan - William Morgan House calling for a ban on conversion therapy and talking about her experience as a survivor of conversion therapy. In June 2022, she gave a speech at a PinkNews reception held at the National Museum Cardiff in which she condemned British politicians, some of whom where in attendance, for stoking transphobia within British society, saying in particular that "transphobia is essentially Tory policy".
# Agrostis oregonensis

Agrostis oregonensis is a species of grass known by the common name Oregon bent grass. It is native to western North America from Alaska to California to Wyoming, where it grows in several habitat types.

## Description

It is a perennial bunchgrass growing in 75 centimeters tall. The leaves are flat and up to 30 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a wide open array of wispy branches bearing clusters of spikelets each a few millimeters long.
# Hanover tomato

The Hanover Tomato is a mostly large variety of cultivated tomato grown in Hanover County, Virginia. While most Hanover Tomatoes that come to market are large fruits, they are not necessarily defined by their size but rather by the geographic setting—normally in coastal soil rich in sand—in which they are grown. The water retention in this type of soil is thought to influence the nature of the mature plant.

## History

The first reference to Hanover tomatoes appeared in The Richmond Times-Dispatch, in 1878: "Some fine sweet-potatoes, the first of the season … were displayed yesterday. There were not as great a curiosity as the Hanover Trophy tomatoes."

## Popularity

Today the Hanover Tomato is one of the most popular tomatoes in the Greater Richmond Region and in parts of Northern Virginia—a popularity underscored by the annual Hanover Tomato Festival held in Mechanicsville, Virginia.
# Apalache, South Carolina

Apalache is an unincorporated community in Spartanburg County, in the U.S. state of South Carolina.

## History

Using a variant spelling of the Apalachee Indian tribe, the community was named for its lofty elevation with view over the Appalachian Mountains. Variant names are "Apalachie Mills", "Appalachie", and "Arlington".
Apalache Mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
# Burkel

Burkel or Bürkel is a Germanic surname that may refer to
* Heinrich Bürkel (1802–1869), German genre and landscape painter
* Victor van Strydonck de Burkel (1876–1961), Belgian general
** Charge of Burkel, a skirmish between Belgian and German forces on 19 October 1918, during World War I
# Governorate of Cuba

Since the 16th century the island of Cuba had been under the control of the governor-captain general of Santo Domingo. The conquest of Cuba was organized in 1510 by the recently restored Viceroy of the Indies, Diego Colón, under the command of Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, who became Cuba's first governor until his death in 1524.
Velázquez founded the city of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Baracoa in 1511 and convoked a general cabildo (a local government council) to govern Cuba, which was authorized by the king of Spain.
Cuba was elevated into the Captaincy General of Cuba in 1607.