OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education

The Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) are a framework for statistics education in grades Pre-K–12 published by the American Statistical Association (ASA) in 2007. The foundations for this framework are the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics published by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) in 2000. A second report focused on statistics education at the collegiate level, the GAISE College Report, was published in 2005. Both reports were endorsed by the ASA. Several grants awarded by the National Science Foundation explicitly reference the GAISE documents as influencing or guiding the projects, and several popular introductory statistics textbooks have cited the GAISE documents as informing their approach.

## The GAISE Report (pre-K–12)

The GAISE document provides a two-dimensional framework, specifying four components used in statistical problem solving (formulating questions, collecting data, analyzing data, and interpreting results) and three levels of conceptual understanding through which a student should progress (Levels A, B, and C). A direct parallel between these conceptual levels and grade levels is not made because most students would begin at Level A when they are first exposed to statistics regardless of whether they are in primary, middle, or secondary school. A student's level of statistical maturity is based on experience rather than age.

## The GAISE College Report

The GAISE College Report begins by synthesizing the history and current understanding of introductory statistics courses and then lists goals for students based on statistical literacy. Six recommendations for introductory statistics courses are given, namely:
* Emphasize statistical thinking and literacy over other outcomes
* Use real data where possible
* Emphasize conceptual rather than procedural understanding
* Take an active learning approach
* Analyze data using technology rather than by hand
* Focus on supporting student learning with assessments
Examples and suggestions for how these recommendations could be implemented are included in several appendices.
# John Muldoon

John Muldoon may refer to:
* John Muldoon (rugby union, born 1896) (1896–1944), American Olympic rugby union player
* John Muldoon (rugby union, born 1982), Connacht rugby player
* John Muldoon (politician) (1865–1938), Irish barrister and nationalist MP in the United Kingdom Parliament
* John Muldoon (footballer) (born 1964), English footballer
# Beaver Brook Falls Wayside

Beaver Brook Falls Wayside is a 7.3-acre (3.0 ha) park in Colebrook, New Hampshire, along Route 145. It features a roadside view of the scenic 80-foot (24 m) Beaver Brook Falls. Picnic tables, restroom facilities and a small picnic shelter are available.
The park is 1 of 10 New Hampshire state parks that were in the path of totality for the 2024 solar eclipse, with the park experiencing 3 minutes and 3 seconds of totality.

## Photos

* Wayside park in autumn 2016
* Open area with picnic tables and rain shelter, autumn 2016
* The falls in autumn 2016
* The falls in August 2019
# Dholak ke Geet

Dholak ke Geet songs are Urdu folk songs from Hyderabad Deccan, sung by Hyderabadi women during daily routine chores or during wedding festivities. The folk songs are also known as "Lok Geet" and were popular as Chakkhi ke Geet (chakkhi–mill and geet–songs), as they were sung when women used to grind grains at the mills. In modern days Dholak ke Geet are performed in pre-wedding occasions and upon family gathering on child birth.

## Popular culture

Dholak ke Geet are the celebratory songs mostly performed during the five days marriage celebrations in Hyderabad region.
# Condea

Condea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae.

## Species

* Condea albida
* Condea americana
* Condea anitae
* Condea chyliantha
* Condea cubensis
* Condea decipiens
* Condea domingensis
* Condea elegans
* Condea emoryi
* Condea fastigiata
* Condea floribunda
* Condea iodantha
* Condea jacobi
* Condea laniflora
* Condea mixta
* Condea rivularis
* Condea scandens
* Condea scoparioides
* Condea subtilis
* Condea tafallae
* Condea tephrodes
* Condea thyrsiflora
* Condea tomentosa
* Condea trichopes
* Condea undulata
* Condea urbanii
* Condea verticillata
# Claire O'Kelly

Claire O'Kelly FSA (née O'Donovan, 21 July 1916 – 23 October 2004) was an Irish archaeologist, notable as the first person to write up an accessible account of Irish archaeological sites. She was key to the realisation of the importance of the solstice connection of the Newgrange structure, and the first person to create a full collection of drawings of the decorated stones of Newgrange.

## Career

Claire O'Donovan was born in Cork to Edward and Johanna O'Donovan, on 21 July 1916. She became a national school teacher until she went to University College Cork in the 1930s, studying archaeology under Professor Seán P. Ó. Ríordáin. She met her future husband, Michael J. O'Kelly, known to family as Brian, while in college, and together they were involved in work on many of Ireland's historical sites, and on the setting up of the Cork Public Museum in 1945.
O'Kelly used her fluency in Irish and her knowledge of archaeology to create the necessary archaeological terms for the definitive English/Irish Dictionary edited by Tomás de Bháldraithe.
She was behind the research which led to the discovery of Newgrange's solar importance, made drawings of the stones of the Boyne Valley sites, most notably Newgrange, and published accessible texts on Newgrange and Dowth.
O'Kelly wrote several books for public understanding on the history and importance of Irish sites, and her content is used for the website of Newgrange, for example, even today. Her significance in archaeology and history was recognised when she was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1984.
O'Kelly was also involved in artistic Irish life. She was friends with Gabriel Hayes, the wife of O'Kelly's university tutor Seán P. Ó. Ríordáin, who used her hands as the models for the stations of the cross in Galway cathedral.
She had three daughters and, having survived her husband, died aged 88 in Dublin, and was buried in Cork.
# Arming point

Arming points are reinforced sections of a gambeson or arming doublet where pieces of body armor were laced on.
During the Medieval and Renaissance periods of European history, arming points allowed heavy armor to be fastened securely to a cloth undergarment via cloth or leather laces. These fastenings evolved from civilian clothing, which used similar tresses to attach sleeves and hose to a doublet, and to hold heavy coats together. The concept itself predated the Middle Ages, as both Greeks and Romans "used larger pieces of bronze and, later, iron fastened together with internal leathers..." The popularization of full plate armour, however, required specially-made gambesons or arming doublets that could support heavy pieces of armour.
Arming points make custom armor fit appropriately, leading to a great deal of variation in the construction of arming points. While the hose supporting an arming point on the leg could be made from worsted cloth, for example, additional padding or "blanketing" was usually added to the knee to prevent painful chafing. Specific arming points needed to be secured first if a warrior was dressing in full plate armour, beginning with the feet and moving upward. This process allowed plates to overlap, creating a glancing surface that would direct the potentially lethal force of a blow away from the body. Even if the armor was successful in redirecting such a blow, soft points on the body such as the elbow, neck, and knees required arming points with "rivets in which there is a certain amount of play" to ensure that the body could move with the force of a blow.
# Leo Buss

Leo W. Buss (born 1953) is a retired Professor at Yale University's departments of geology, geophysics, and ecology and evolutionary biology.

## Life

He graduated from Johns Hopkins University with a B.A., M.A., and Ph.D in 1979.
His evolutionary developmental biology book approaches the subject of the evolution of metazoan development from a cell lineage selection point of view. He reevaluates August Weismann's model of the cell compartmentalization of somatic and germline cell lineages (see Weismann barrier), and argues that the vision of the individual taken by the modern synthesis is insufficient to explain the early evolution of development or ontogeny.
He collaborated with Walter Fontana in producing some of the first papers on artificial chemistries.

## Works

* The Evolution of Individuality, Princeton University Press, 1987, ISBN 978-0-691-08468-8
* "Beyond Digital Naturalism", Artificial life: an overview, Editor Christopher G. Langton, MIT Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-262-62112-0
* "What would be conserved "If the tape were played twice?"", Complexity: metaphors, models, and reality, Editors George A. Cowan, David Pines, David Elliott Meltzer, Westview Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-7382-0232-7
* "Growth by Intussusception in Hyrdactiniid Hydroids", Evolutionary patterns: growth, form, and tempo in the fossil record in honor of Allan Cheetham, Editors Alan H. Cheetham, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, Frank Kenneth McKinney, University of Chicago Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-38931-8
# 2003 YN107

2003 YN$_{107}$ is a tiny asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object of the Aten group moving in a 1:1 mean-motion resonance with Earth. Because of that, it is in a co-orbital configuration relative to Earth.

## Discovery, orbit and physical properties

2003 YN$_{107}$ was discovered by the Lincoln Near Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) system in orbit around the Sun on 20 December 2003. Its diameter is approximately 10 to 30 metres. The object is on NASA's Earth Close Approach list, and is estimated to miss Earth by 0.01 AU. It revolves around the Sun on an Earth-like, almost circular, orbit. Its orbital period of 363.846 days also is very close to the sidereal year.

## Co-orbital with Earth and orbital evolution

From approximately 1997 to 2006, the asteroid remained within 0.1 AU (15,000,000 km; 9,300,000 mi) of Earth and it appeared to slowly orbit Earth. However, 2003 YN$_{107}$ is no second moon, as it is not bound to Earth. It is the first discovered member of a postulated group of coorbital objects, or quasi-satellites, which show these path characteristics. Other members of this group include 10563 Izhdubar, 54509 YORP, (66063) 1998 RO1, (85770) 1998 UP1, and (85990) 1999 JV$_6$. Before 1996, the asteroid had been on a so-called horseshoe orbit around the Sun, along the Earth's orbit. After 2006, it had regained such an orbit. This makes it very similar to 2002 AA29, which will become a quasi-satellite of Earth in approximately 600 years.
# Hipparchia fagi

Hipparchia fagi, the woodland grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

## Etymology

The Latin species name fagi, meaning of "beech" (=fagus), refers to the prevailing species of trees in the relating biotope.

## Subspecies

* Hipparchia fagi tetrica Fruhstorfer, 1907

## Distribution and habitat

This widespread European endemic species can be found in most of Europe, mainly south of the Alps (Albania; Andorra; Austria; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Macedonia; Montenegro; Portugal; Romania; Russia; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Switzerland; Ukraine). It occurs on broad-leaved deciduous forests, coniferous woodland, grassy vegetation, in woodland glades and woodland rides and, from sea level to 1,600 m elevation.

## Description

Hipparchia fagi has a wingspan of 66–76 millimetres (2.6–3.0 in). These large butterflies have dark brown uppersides of the wings, with a fringed margin, a white submarginal band more evident in the females and one black eyelet at the apex of each forewings. In the males the white band has a single very small eyelet on each hindwing, sometimes showing a white pupil, while in the females it shows one or two ocelli.
The underside of the forewings is rather similar to the upperside: The hindwings are marbled of brown and white with a broad white band. The white band on the internal edge of the underside hindwings is curved, while the white band on the underside forewings is often without a significant indent.
The colouration and pattern of these butterflies are an excellent camouflage on the bark of the trunks where the butterfly usually rests, with the eyespots hidden by the closed wings. This species is similar but larger than Hipparchia hermione. It is also rather similar to Hipparchia syriaca and Hipparchia genava.
The caterpillar has a pale brown head with four darker streaks. Body is light brown with a bifid posterior end, a dark brown dorsal band and brownish lateral bands.
* female
* courting - female on the left
* mating - female on the right
* Female
* Female underside
* Male
* Male underside

## Biology

Adults fly from June to September. This species has one generation a year. The caterpillars overwinter. The larvae feed on various types of grass, such as Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus erectus, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus and Holcus mollis.
# Groß Grönau

Groß Grönau is a municipality in the district of Lauenburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# John Lodu Tombe

John Lodu Tombe is a South Sudanese politician. As of 2011, he was the Minister of Physical Infrastructure of Central Equatoria under Governor Clement Wani Konga.
# Beaver Brook

Beaver Brook may refer to several places:

## Canada

* Beaver Brook, New Brunswick, in Albert County
* Beaver Brook Station, New Brunswick, or Beaverbrook, in Northumberland County
* Beaver Brook, Nova Scotia
* Beaver Brook Estates, Alberta
* Beaver Brook Park, Alberta

## United States

* Beaver Brook, Wisconsin, a town in Washburn County
** Beaver Brook (community), Wisconsin
* Beaver Brook Association nature center, in New Hampshire
* Beaver Brook Falls, in Colebrook, New Hampshire
* Beaver Brook Reservation, a state park in Belmont and Waltham, Massachusetts
* Beaver Brook State Park, in Connecticut
** Beaver Brook (Connecticut), a stream
* Beaver Brook (Merrimack River tributary), in New Hampshire and Massachusetts
* Beaver Brook (Mohawk River tributary), in New York
* Beaver Brook (New Jersey), a tributary of the Pequest River
* Beaver Brook station (closed), in Waltham, Massachusetts
# John Anthony Golding

John Anthony Golding CVO (25 July 1920 – 18 April 2012) was a British colonial administrator who served as Administrator of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 1965 to 1967. He was awarded a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) personally by Queen Elizabeth II on her visit to the islands in February 1966. He was educated at Bedford School. He died in April 2012 at the age of 91.
# Anisoplaca viatrix

Anisoplaca viatrix is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found on Java.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are pale greyish-ochreous, with small faint scattered grey strigulae. The costal edge is irrorated (speckled) with blackish from the base to near the middle and there are black subcostal and subdorsal dots near the base. The first discal stigma is small, black, in the middle of the disc, others are absent, but there is an irregular black mark on the apical edge. The hindwings are light grey.
# Claës Palme

Johan Claës Woldemar Palme (31 May 1917 – 21 April 2006) was a Swedish lawyer who was specialized in maritime law. He was the son of Gunnar Palme and the brother of Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme and of Catharina Palme Nilzén.
Claës Palme was maritime law expert and ran his own law firm. He was also a reservist in the Swedish Navy. The Soviet Union hired him to sue the Swedish Government as the Soviet ship Tsesis run aground at the entrance of Södertälje. He won the case, which attracted much attention because of his brother Olof Palme, who, concurrently served as Prime Minister of Sweden. Claës Palme was also the author of maritime items and a long-time representative for the Swedish Maritime Administration while in court.
He was an active politician of the Moderate Party (his brother Olof Palme represented the Social Democrats) and was for a period chairman of the parish council in the Engelbrekt Church assembly in central Stockholm. He took part in the demonstration against the employee funds that the October 4th Movement arranged on the day that employee funds would be dealt in the Swedish Riksdag. During certain periods, Palme lived on the French Riviera.
Claës Palme was one of the initiators of the transfer of the family estate Skangal in Latvia to the Salvation Army.
# Arming Mother Nature: The Birth of Catastrophic Environmentalism

Arming Mother Nature is a 2013 non-fiction book by Jacob Darwin Hamblin, a history professor at Oregon State University. His book argues that The Pentagon and its military planning for WW III promoted "catastrophic environmentalism" by funding environmental science in the Cold War after WW II. The Pentagon planners were interested in the various ways in which natural processes could be harnessed to kill millions of people and/or destroy the agricultural, or other, sectors of the economies of enemy nations.

## Reception

According to Professor Gregg Mitman of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Hamblin's book gives a compelling account of how military thinking about WW III and military sources of money supported the scientific study, monitoring, and diplomacy of planet Earth's environment. Mitman particularly commends how a book chapter reveals connections between Charles Elton's research on invasive species and military planners' concerns about agriculture and national security. Reviews indicate that Arming Mother Nature is well-documented and well-written.

## Awards

The book won the 2014 Paul Birdsall Prize from the American Historical Association and the 2016 Watson Davis and Helen Miles Davis Prize from the History of Science Society.
# Leptostylus subfurcatus

Leptostylus subfurcatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1880.
# Hippaphesis punctata

Hippaphesis punctata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1864.
# Growing In

Growing In is I Can Make a Mess's fifth full-length studio album. The album was released independently. This is the second album in which the band has gone by the name I Can Make a Mess instead of the original I Can Make a Mess Like Nobody's Business. According to Enders’ Facebook, each song was written in 3–4 minutes sessions of whatever came to his head first in regard to the music and lyrics. You can hear the voice memo from his phone of the initial recordings spread throughout the tracks.

## Track listing

* "Caterpillar" — 3:27
* "Get Normal" — 3:27
* "Keep Moving" — 4:16
* "Undecided" — 3:13
* "Back Whoas of Lavish Glass" — 3:02
* "I'm the Man (Sarcasm)" — 3:18
* "Call Me Everything" — 2:04
* "Chartreuse" — 3:05
* "Deciduous" — 3:05
* "I Love My Wife" — 2:45
* "Growing Into What You'll Grow Out Of" — 2:42
# Dhanendra Bahadur Singh

Dhanendra Bahadur Singh was a Nepalese judge who served as 7th Chief Justice of Nepal, in office from 11 December 1985 to 7 August 1991. He was appointed by the then-king of Nepal, Birendra.
Singh was preceded by Nayan Bahadur Khatri and succeeded by Bishwonath Upadhyaya.
# Connie Green

Connie Green was a member of the Irish republican paramilitary group Saor Uladh. He was shot and killed while carrying out a raid on a Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) barracks at Rosslea in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.
Green was originally from Derry, Northern Ireland, and had been a commando in the British Army. After returning home to Northern Ireland he became involved with Irish republicanism and joined a small splinter group, Saor Uladh, founded by Liam Kelly and Phil O'Donnell. Kelly had been court-martialed from the Irish Republican Army in 1951 for insubordination and then went on to form the new paramilitary group. Saor Uladh was most active in Kelly's home ground of East Tyrone. The group targeted Customs posts and security force installations, their principal objective being the removal of the border and the reunification of Ireland.
On the morning of 25 November 1955, Green was the lieutenant who led the raid at Rosslea, blowing up part of the building and storming the ground floor rooms, opening fire as they entered. In the exchange that followed, Green was shot and seriously injured. He was ferried away from Rosslea across the border to a farmhouse near Tydavnet in north County Monaghan, Republic of Ireland. He died the following morning from his injuries and was buried in a nearby cemetery. Connie Green was described as probably Kelly's best men in the organization.
# Hugh Grosvenor

Hugh Grosvenor may refer to:
* Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster (1825–1899)
* Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster (1879–1953)
* Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Baron Stalbridge, Baron Stalbridge
* Hugh William Grosvenor (1884–1914), son of Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster
* Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster (born 1991), son of Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster
# Leptostylus seabrai

Leptostylus seabrai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1959.
# 2002 European Athletics Championships – Men's pole vault

The men's pole vault at the 2002 European Athletics Championships were held at the Olympic Stadium on August 8–10.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Aleksandr Averbukh Israel | Lars Börgeling Germany | Tim Lobinger Germany |

## Results
### Qualification

Qualification: Qualifying Performance 5.75 (Q) or at least 12 best performers (q) advance to the final.

#### Group A

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| 1 | Lars Börgeling | Germany | 5.60 | q |
| 2 | Patrik Kristiansson | Sweden | 5.60 | q |
| 3 | Pavel Gerasimov | Russia | 5.60 | q |
| 4 | Adam Ptáček | Czech Republic | 5.60 | q |
| 5 | Piotr Buciarski | Denmark | 5.60 | q |
| 6 | Richard Spiegelburg | Germany | 5.45 | |
| 7 | Vesa Rantanen | Finland | 5.25 | |
| 7 | Tom Erik Olsen | Norway | 5.25 | |
| 9 | Jurij Rovan | Slovenia | 5.25 | |
| 9 | Fabio Pizzolato | Italy | 5.25 | |
| 11 | Dennis Kholev | Israel | 5.25 | |
| | Thibaut Duval | France | NM | |

#### Group B

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| 1 | Štěpán Janáček | Czech Republic | 5.60 | q |
| 2 | Denis Yurchenko | Ukraine | 5.60 | q |
| 3 | Tim Lobinger | Germany | 5.60 | q |
| 4 | Giuseppe Gibilisco | Italy | 5.60 | q |
| 5 | Aleksandr Averbukh | Israel | 5.45 | q |
| 5 | Vasiliy Gorshkov | Russia | 5.45 | q |
| 7 | Oscar Janson | Sweden | 5.45 | q |
| 8 | João André | Portugal | 5.45 | |
| 9 | Mikko Latvala | Finland | 5.25 | |
| 9 | Ilian Efremov | Bulgaria | 5.25 | |
| 11 | Rens Blom | Netherlands | 5.25 | |
| | Romain Mesnil | France | NM | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | 5.40 | 5.50 | 5.60 | 5.70 | 5.75 | 5.80 | 5.85 | Result | Notes |
| | Aleksandr Averbukh | Israel | – | – | xo | – | o | xo | o | 5.85 | SB |
| | Lars Börgeling | Germany | – | – | xo | – | x– | o | xx– | 5.80 | |
| | Tim Lobinger | Germany | – | o | – | xx– | o | xo | xxx | 5.80 | |
| 4 | Patrik Kristiansson | Sweden | xo | – | xo | xo | o | xo | xxx | 5.80 | |
| 5 | Štěpán Janáček | Czech Republic | xo | o | xo | – | o | xx– | x | 5.75 | |
| 6 | Adam Ptáček | Czech Republic | o | o | xo | o | xxx | | | 5.70 | |
| 6 | Denis Yurchenko | Ukraine | – | xo | – | o | x– | xx | | 5.70 | |
| 8 | Vasiliy Gorshkov | Russia | o | – | xxo | o | x– | xx | | 5.70 | |
| 9 | Oscar Janson | Sweden | o | o | o | xxx | | | | 5.60 | |
| 10 | Giuseppe Gibilisco | Italy | o | – | xxo | – | xxx | | | 5.60 | |
| 11 | Piotr Buciarski | Denmark | – | xo | xxx | | | | | 5.50 | |
| 12 | Pavel Gerasimov | Russia | o | – | xxx | | | | | 5.40 | |