OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Philippe Salaün

Philippe Salaün (4 March 1943 – 4 October 2020) was a French photographer.

## Biography

Salaün was born on 4 March 1943 in Plonévez-du-Faou in Finistère. He spent much of his childhood living in Réunion before returning to mainland France, living in Châteauroux. He first took up photography during his service in the Algerian War and became infatuated with it during a photo exhibition in Le Havre in 1968.
After learning a black and white printing method, Salaün decided to open his own workshop. He received a scholarship from the French National Foundation of Photography and studied in the United States alongside Ansel Adams and Jerry Uelsmann at the University of Arizona.
Upon his return to France, Salaün worked in his workshop on Rue Beaurepaire in Paris, where, throughout his career, many different artists entrusted their photographs to him. He regularly photographed during his global travels, saying "For a long time, I had above all a predilection for day to day images and a humorous tone, but in recent years, I am seduced by the surprises that travel photography has in store, in particular portraits". In South America, he travelled to Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. He also shot photographs of U.S. Route 66, Vietnam, China, Japan, Mali, and Réunion, where he retraced the footsteps of his childhood.
After he turned 60, Salaün displayed 60 different photographs in an exhibition titled 60 X 60, a collection of which was published by Éditions Alternatives, Maison européenne de la photographie, and Éditions Paradox in October 2006.
Philippe Salaün died due to cancer in Paris on 4 October 2020 at the age of 77.

## Notable photographs

* La Vie de château (1973)
* Domecy-sur-le-Vault (1973)
* Le chien fantôme. Canal Saint-Martin (1974)
* Exposition canine (1976)
* Cheval noir à tête blanche (1976)
* Ty Cam (1977)
* Fauves (1980)
* Hommage à Fontcuberta. Nîmes (1980)
* L'imperméable de cheval. Tharon (1981)
* Casaanita Cadaques, 31 mars 86 (1986)
* American bar, Route 66, New Mexico (1991)
* Mitsu et le tapis (1993)
* Le Dieu Éléphant (1993)
* Mitsu et les poissons (1994)
* Chien solitaire (1999)
* Toro pyrotechnique (2000)
* Le Bouledogue bistrot (2001)

## Publications

* Rencontres francophones, 2 (1988)
* Philippe Salaün (1992)
* 60 X 60 (2006)

## Prizes

* Prize of the Villa Lumière

## Expositions
### Personal exhibitions

* Chalon-sur-Saône (1992)
* La Route 66, Chartres (2003)
* 60x60, Paris (2004)
* Les montagnards du Vietnam, Paris (2006)
* Médiathèque Opale Sud, Berck (2013)
* Bloom Gallery, Osaka (2013)
* Philippe Salaün, tireur exposé, Paris (2017)

### Collective exhibitions

* Rencontres francophones, 2, La Rochelle (1988)
* Ruptures - Ados à Paris, Paris (2010)
* La photographie en France, 1950-2000, Paris (2012)
* La Bretagne, Collection photographique de L'Imagerie ‐ Lannion, Clermont (2014)
* Four French Photographers, Asheville (2018)
# International Hearing Society

The International Hearing Society also known as The National Hearing Aid Society is a professional membership organization established in 1951 that represents hearing healthcare providers. Based in Livonia, Michigan, the IHS provides services worldwide, assisting consumers in locating qualified hearing aid specialists for testing hearing problems, selecting and fitting hearing devices, and providing support and repairs. IHS sponsors courses in audioprosthology. It also operates a national "Hearing Aid Helpline" that provides informational resources on hearing loss and helps locate hearing aid specialists. The society also provides study guides for international licensing for hearing healthcare professionals.
# Leonidas (chocolate maker)

Leonidas is a registered trademark of the agri-food company Confiserie Leonidas S.A. The Belgian chocolate company was founded in 1913 by Leonidas Kestekides. The company is ISO 9001 and FSSC 22000 certified. As of 2019, the brand has more than 1,030 points of sale (including 450 stores in Belgium and Luxembourg, and 290 in France) in 32 countries, the majority of which are franchises and around 40 are subsidiaries.

## History

Born in 1882 in Nigdi, Anatolia, Turkey, Leonidas Georges Kestekides of Greek heritage made a living by selling 'granitas', a kind of sorbet, and other sweets alongside his brother, Avraam. In 1900, he decided to move to the United States. In 1910, Leonidas met Joanna Emelia Teerlinck. Together, they moved to Ghent, where the International Exhibition was held in 1913. There, he won the gold medal and opened his first tearoom at 34 Veldstraat.
In 1935, after being accused by the police of street trading, he was ordered to sell his products in a store. As a result, he rented a room in a building at 58 Boulevard Anspach. In 1937, he officially registered his brand with the City of Brussels. The brand's font and logo were chosen by Basilio Kestekides in honor of the Greek roots of his uncle. He used the effigy of the King of Sparta, Leonidas I, who died in the Battle of Thermopylae during his opposition to the Second Persian invasion of Greece.
Leonidas's chocolates are made without palm oil. They are made with Belgian chocolate and cocoa butter. Leonidas's principal chocolate is "manon". At the time, the manon, filled with butter cream on a nougatine base, was dipped in melted sugar using a fork. A few years later, he placed the buttercream on a white chocolate praliné base instead of a nougatine base. Alexandre built the company's first machine.
On 15 November 2013, the company became a certified purveyor to the Belgian royal household.
# Lepori

Lepori is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Giuseppe Lepori (1902–1968), Swiss politician
* Mauro-Giuseppe Lepori (born 1959), Swiss Roman Catholic clergy
* Paolo Lepori (born 1959), Italian sprint canoeist
* Pierre Lepori (born 1968), Swiss translator and writer
* Richard Lepori (born 1991), Italian rugby league player
# Lemyra obliquivitta

Lemyra obliquivitta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Frederic Moore in 1879. It is found in China (Zhejiang, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Nepal, Bhutan, India (Sikkim, Manipur, Assam), Myanmar and Thailand.
# Lemyra phasma

Lemyra phasma is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by John Henry Leech in 1899. It is found in China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Tibet) and possibly northern Vietnam.
# Lemyra praetexta

Lemyra praetexta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Karel Černý in 2011. It is found on the Philippines, where it has been recorded only from the mountains of Palawan.
# Leovigildo Banaag

Leovigildo Briones Banaag (Tagalog:; December 31, 1943 – January 6, 2011) was a lawyer and a Congressman in the Philippine House of Representatives for 3 consecutive terms from 1998 to 2007.

## Early life and career

Banaag was born on December 31, 1943, in Butuan. He graduated cum laude in both Bachelor of Arts in 1964 and Bachelor of Laws in 1968 at San Beda College. He was admitted to the Integrated Bar of the Philippines on March 14, 1969 and has been a law practitioner ever since. Married to Pearl Famador(†), they had two children, Trisha Ysobelle and Jan Gilbert.
Banaag began his career in politics in 1980 when he was elected as a Provincial board member of Agusan del Norte. Since then he had held several positions, as a Councilor of Butuan (1988–1995) and then Vice Mayor of Butuan (1995–1998), while holding other positions as well.

## House of Representatives

After just one term as Vice Mayor of Butuan, Banaag was elected as District Representative for the First District of Agusan del Norte in 1998, serving Butuan and Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte. He was a Chairman of the House Committee on Natural Resources, as well as a Member of several other House Committees, including Agrarian Reform, Ethics, Good Government, and Ways and Means, among others.

## Death

Leovigildo Banaag died of cardiac arrest, aged 67, at Davao Doctors Hospital, Davao City on January 6, 2011.
# Leoville

Leoville or Léoville may refer to:
* Léoville, commune in the Charente-Maritime département of France
* Leoville, Prince Edward Island, community in Tignish, Prince Edward Island, Canada
* Leoville, Saskatchewan, community in Saskatchewan, Canada
* Leoville, Kansas, an unincorporated community in Decatur County, Kansas, U.S.
* "Leoville", nickname and website name of technology writer Leo Laporte
# Leptinotarsa haldemani

Leptinotarsa haldemani, commonly known as Haldeman's green potato beetle, is a glossy green-colored species of beetle in the leaf beetle family Chrysomelidae. It was named in honour of Samuel Stehman Haldeman, a 19th-century American entomologist who collected insect specimens in Texas.

## Description

This small beetle has a black head, antennae, thorax, and legs. Its general body shape is domed and the elytra are usually deep metallic green, but sometimes metallic purple or blue.

## Distribution

This species is found in Mexico, Central America, and the US states of Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.

## Host plants

This beetle is found on members of the family Solanaceae including wild species of Physalis, Solanum douglasii, and the Anderson thornbush, Lycium andersonii. It is also occasionally found on potatoes.
# Lestra

Lestra is an indoor and outdoor bedding manufacturer based in Amboise, France. It was founded in Strasbourg, then in Germany, in 1914 by the Léopold family; its name is formed from Leopold and Strasbourg. It moved to Amboise at the start of World War II.
The company claims to be the leading producer of quilts and duvets in France, and the world's leading producer of extreme sleeping bags. It is based in Amboise and Beauvois-en-Cambrésis, France.
# Leptothorax duloticus

Leptothorax duloticus is a species of especially hostile slave-maker ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It is endemic to the United States.
It has been observed to engage in a behavior known as alloparental care, which is seen in many other animal species, like the fathead minnow.
# Letters of fire and sword

Letters of fire and sword were a Scottish legal instrument. If a criminal resisted the law and refused to answer his citation, it was considered treason in the Scottish courts; and “letters of fire and sword” were sent to the sheriff, authorising him to use either or both these instruments to apprehend the contumacious party.

## Well known letters issued

Letters of Fire and Sword were issued against the following clans:
* Clan Gregor under James the VI
* Clan Chattan under James the V
* Clan Cameron
# Leucoptera thessalica

Leucoptera thessalica is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is found in Greece.
They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Leucophoropterini

Leucophoropterini is a tribe of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are more than 20 genera and over 100 species in Leucophoropterini. Most species of this tribe are found in eastern Asia and Australia, with a single genus, Tuxedo, found in North America.

## Genera

These 26 genera belong to the tribe Leucophoropterini:

### Subtribe Leucophoropterina Schuh, 1974

    Abuyogocoris Schuh, 1984 - eastern Asia
    Aitkenia Carvalho & Gross, 1982 - Australia
    Arafuramiris Schuh, 1984 - eastern Asia, Australia
    Ausejanus Menard & Schuh, 2011 - Australia, New Zealand
    Austrodapus Menard & Schuh, 2011 - Australia
    Biromiris Schuh, 1984 - eastern Asia, Australia
    Blesingia Carvalho & Gross, 1982 - eastern Asia, Australia
    Collessicoris Carvalho & Gross, 1982 - Australia
    Ctypomiris Schuh, 1984 - eastern Asia
    Gulacapsus Schuh, 1984 - eastern Asia, Australia
    Johnstonsonius Menard & Schuh, 2011 - eastern Asia
    Leucophoroptera Poppius, 1921 - Australia
    Missanos Menard & Schuh, 2011 - eastern Asia
    Neaitkenia Menard & Schuh, 2011 - Australia
    Neoleucophoroptera Menard & Schuh, 2011 - eastern Asia
    Papuamimus Schuh, 1984 - eastern Asia
    Papuamiroides Menard & Schuh, 2011 - eastern Asia
    Pseudohallodapocoris Schuh, 1984 - eastern Asia
    Sejanus Distant, 1910 - eastern Asia, Australia
    Solomonomimus Schuh, 1984 - eastern Asia
    Transleucophoroptera Menard & Schuh, 2011 - eastern Asia
    Trichocephalocapsus Schuh, 1984 - eastern Asia
    Waterhouseana Carvalho, 1973 - eastern Asia

### Subtribe Tuxedoina Schuh & Menard, 2013

    Ephippiocoris Poppius, 1912 - Palearctic
    Pseudophylus Yasunaga, 1999 - Palearctic
    Tuxedo Schuh, 2001 - western North America
# Leucophrys (plant)

Leucophyrys is a genus of plants in the family Poaceae.
# Hy's law

Hy's law is a rule of thumb that a patient is at high risk of a fatal drug-induced liver injury if given a medication that causes hepatocellular injury (not Hepatobiliary injury) with jaundice. The law is based on observations by Hy Zimmerman, a major scholar of drug-induced liver injury. Some have suggested the principle be called a hypothesis or observation.
Hy's Law cases have three components:
* The drug causes hepatocellular injury, generally defined as an elevated ALT or AST by 3-fold or greater above the upper limit of normal. Often with aminotransferases much greater (5-10x) than the upper limit of normal.
* Among subjects showing such aminotransferase elevations, they also have elevation of their serum total bilirubin of greater than 2× the upper limit of normal, without findings of cholestasis (defined as serum alkaline phosphatase activity less than 2× the upper limit of normal).
* No other reason can be found to explain the combination of increased aminotransferase and serum total bilirubin, such as viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, ischemia, preexisting liver disease, or another drug capable of causing the observed injury.
In Zimmerman's analysis of 116 patients with hepatocellular injury and jaundice due to drug exposure, 76% went on to either require a liver transplant or died. Other studies have reported a lower but still significant mortality of 10%.
# Bombay Jews

Jews started settling in Bombay in the 2nd century. The Jewish community of Bombay consisted of three distant groups, the Bene Israeli Jews, the Baghdadi Jews, and the Cochin Jews.
The Bene Israeli Jewish community of Bombay, who migrated from the Konkan villages, south of Bombay, are believed to be the descendants of the Jews of Israel who were shipwrecked off the Konkan coast, probably in the year 175 BCE, during the reign of the Greek ruler, Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Following the pogroms of Daud Pasha of Baghdad, many Baghdadi Jews fled Iraq, and settled in Bombay.

## Culture

The Bene Israeli Jewish community of Bombay speak the Marathi language, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the state of Maharashtra in India.
# Better Thangs

"Better Thangs" is a song by American singer Ciara featuring Summer Walker. It was released on September 28, 2022, through Beauty Marks, Uptown and Republic.

## Critical reception

Tallie Spencer of Billboard described the song as a "feel-good, uptempo R&B anthem". Tomás Mier of Rolling Stone described the song as "sunshine-kissed". Rachel Brodsky of Stereogum described the song as "sunshiny". David Renshaw of The Fader described the song as "mood-boosting".

## Promotion

Ciara previewed a snippet of the song via TikTok on August 4, 2022. A remix for the song featuring American rapper GloRilla was released on November 4, 2022.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Better Thangs" :
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| US R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay (Billboard) | 35 |
# Benjamin Cortus

Benjamin Cortus (born 13 December 1981) is a German football referee who is based in Röthenbach. He referees for TSV Burgfarrnbach of the Bavarian Football Association.

## Refereeing career

Cortus officiates for TSV Burgfarrnbach, and has been on the DFB level since 2009. In 2011, he was appointed as a 2. Bundesliga referee. In the summer of 2016, Cortus was one of four referees promoted to officiate in the Bundesliga.

## Personal life

Cortus is an IT management assistant by trade, and currently resides in Röthenbach.
# Fritillaria pontica

Fritillaria pontica, the Pontic fritillary, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Fritillaria native to the mountains of the Balkans, the Aegean Islands and Anatolia. Shade tolerant and easy to grow, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# International crime

International crime may refer to:
* International criminal law, a body of law that defines four main categories of international crimes
** Genocide
** Crimes against humanity
** War crimes
** Crime of aggression
* Transnational crime, a crime with actual or potential effect across national borders
* International Crime (1938 film), a film directed by Charles Lamont
# Shanntol Ince

Shanntol Ince (born 10 April 1995) is a Trinidad and Tobago Paralympic swimmer who competes in international elite events. She is a double Parapan American Games bronze medalist and has competed at the Paralympic Games twice in 2012 and 2016. She was born with her right leg shorter than her left leg.
# Sheila McClennon

Sheila McClennon (born 13 May 1960) is a British radio presenter, notable for her work on BBC Radio 4.

## Early life

She was born in Clatterbridge, in Wirral (then in Cheshire). She attended West Kirby Grammar School, where Jan Ravens was two years above her. Ravens would later mercilessly impersonate many Radio 4 presenters of You and Yours and Woman's Hour on Dead Ringers.
She gained a degree in English, Drama and American Studies from Manchester University.

## Career

She worked in local radio and TV, and presented the Breakfast show on BBC Radio Shropshire from 1985.

### Radio 4

She has presented Woman's Hour (from 1994) and You and Yours.

## Personal life

She married in September 1992 in Birkenhead. She has a daughter (born April 1994) and a son (born February 1997).
# Interwetten Racing

Interwetten.com Racing is a racing team from Austria. It was founded in 2001 by Walter Raus.

## Career

The team started its career in Formula Volkswagen, and in its second year of operations won the championship with the German driver Sven Barth.
In 2004 they moved up to Formula Renault V6 Eurocup with drivers Sven Barth and Jaap van Lagen, with sponsorship from the Austrian bookmaking agency Interwetten, with Barth winning the Monaco race and Van Lagen taking a win Oschersleben.
The following year, Renault founded the World Series by Renault, merging World Series by Nissan and Formula Renault V6 Eurocup and Interwetten remained. Fernando Rees drove for the team and scored a series of impressive Qualifying results.
But they would have to wait until 2006, for their first success with Andy Soucek and Eric Salignon taking several race victories, giving Interwetten the Teams Championship.
New driver Salvador Durán brought Telmex in as sponsor for 2007, winning one race while teammate Daniil Move failed to score a point. In 2008 the Austrian team ran Durán alongside compatriot Pablo Sánchez López.
In 2010, the team has announced it wants to expand to include the Formula Renault 2.0 Eurocup series.
Interwetten.com Racing, managed by Motorsport Consulting GmbH, was not selected by Renault-Sport for the 2010 Formula Renault 3.5 Series. Instead, a new team, FHV Interwetten.com, managed by FHV GmbH, was selected.

## Results
### World Series by Renault

World Series by Renault results :
| Year | Car | Drivers | Races | Wins | Poles | Fast laps | Points | D.C. | T.C. |
| 2005 | Dallara T05-Renault | Daniel la Rosa | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 18th | 12th |
| 2005 | Dallara T05-Renault | Fernando Rees | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 12th |
| 2005 | Dallara T05-Renault | Sven Barth | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 12th |
| 2005 | Dallara T05-Renault | Carlos Iaconelli | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 12th |
| 2005 | Dallara T05-Renault | Stefano Proetto | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 12th |
| 2006 | Dallara T05-Renault | Eric Salignon | 15 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 48 | 9th | 1st |
| 2006 | Dallara T05-Renault | Franck Perera | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 22nd | 1st |
| 2006 | Dallara T05-Renault | Andy Soucek | 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 99 | 4th | 1st |
| 2007 | Dallara T05-Renault | Salvador Durán | 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 64 | 8th | 10th |
| 2007 | Dallara T05-Renault | Daniil Move | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 10th |
| 2008 | Dallara T08-Renault | Salvador Durán | | | | | | | |
| 2008 | Dallara T08-Renault | Pablo Sánchez López | | | | | | | |

### Formula Renault V6 Eurocup

Formula Renault V6 Eurocup results :
| Year | Car | Drivers | Races | Wins | Poles | Fast laps | Points | D.C. | T.C. |
| 2004 | Tatuus-Renault | Jaap van Lagen | 19 | 1 | | | 145 | 7th | 5th |
| 2004 | Tatuus-Renault | Sven Barth | 17 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 126 | 9th | 5th |
* D.C. = Drivers' Championship position, T.C. = Teams' Championship position.
# Interweb (song)

"Interweb" is a song recorded by American singer Poppy. It was released by Mad Decent on July 17, 2017 as the fourth single from her debut studio album, Poppy.Computer (2017). The electropop song was written by Poppy, Simon Wilcox and the producer Titanic Sinclair.

## Composition

"Interweb" is an electro-infused new wave and 1990s-inspired EDM song with a length of three minutes and forty nine seconds. It moves at a tempo of 114 beats per minute in a 4/4 time signature. The song's instrumentation features a basic house beat and a disco bassline. The song features "internet-obsessive" lyrics.

## Critical reception

Benjamin Groff of We Are The Guard wrote that the song "is a mockery of Taylor Swift Illuminati conspiracy theories, as well as bleaker, sadder realities - the isolation, depression, and searching common to so many of us." Jake Visnawath of Paper wrote that "Poppy seems to own her possessive powers for the first time in the track." Golden Boy Press wrote that the character of Poppy "doesn't disappear even when she sings, she keeps it going in a way that's new, fresh, and interesting."

## Music video

The music video for "Interweb" was released on July 21, 2017. The visual piece features the singer under dark technicolor red and blue lights as two figures dance in the background. Paper magazine wrote that the video's dancers "practically perform hypnosis over the Web." Jordan Miller of Breathe Heavy called the video "beautifully bizarre."

## Live performances

Poppy made her late night debut on The Late Late Show with James Corden on August 2, 2017, where she performed the single. "Interweb" was also on the setlist for the 2017-18 Poppy.Computer Tour.

## Track listing

Taken from iTunes.

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Interweb" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Various | July 17, 2017 | Digital downloadstreaming | Mad Decent | |
# International rankings of Switzerland

These are the international rankings of Switzerland.

## Economy

* World Economic Forum: Global Competitiveness Report ranked 1 out of 133 (2010-2014)
* World Intellectual Property Organization: Global Innovation Index, 2024, ranked 1 out of 133
* Legatum Institute: Prosperity Index ranked 2 out of 142 (2014)
* United Nations Development Programme: Human Development Index ranked 2 out of 187 (2016)
* International Monetary Fund: Income per capita in purchasing power parity ranked 7 out of 181 (2010)
* Gallup World Poll: happiness ranked 8 out of 155 (2009)
* U.S.News: Best Countries #1 in Overall Rankings (2018)

## Military

* Institute for Economics and Peace: Global Peace Index ranked 5 out of 162 (2014)

## Politics

* Transparency International: Corruption Perceptions Index ranked 8 out of 180 (2010)
* Reporters Without Borders: Press Freedom Index ranked 1 out of 178 (2010)
* The Economist: Democracy Index ranked 8 out of 167 (2010)