OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cloudbaser Trikes Cloudbaser

The Cloudbaser Trikes Cloudbaser is a flying wing ultralight trike that was designed and produced by Cloudbaser Trikes. The aircraft was supplied as a kit and was also available as plans for amateur construction.
Production has been completed and new aircraft are no longer available.

## Design and development

The aircraft was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of 254 lb (115 kg). The Cloudbaser has a standard empty weight of 185 lb (84 kg). It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its 185 sq ft (17.2 m$^2$) area wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. Because of the light weight of the aircraft, standard hang glider wings can be used. The landing gear features a steerable nose wheel. The standard recommended engine is the Rotax 447 twin cylinder, two-stroke single ignition powerplant of 40 hp (30 kW).
The Cloudbaser was designed for minimalism and also portability. The use of a single surface wing makes it easier to fold up and transport on a car-top rack. Set up time is reported to be 30 minutes.
A two-seat version was also marketed by the company.

## Specifications (single seater)

Data from Cliche
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wing area: 185 sq ft (17.2 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 185 lb (84 kg)
* Gross weight: 575 lb (261 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 5 U.S. gallons (19 L; 4.2 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 447 twin cylinder, two-stroke single ignition aircraft engine, with 2.5:1 reduction gearbox, 40 hp (30 kW)
Performance
* Cruise speed: 50 mph (80 km/h, 43 kn)
* Stall speed: 28 mph (45 km/h, 24 kn)
* Rate of climb: 1,100 ft/min (5.6 m/s)
# Africanae

Africanae may refer to:
# Golden Rainbow

Golden Rainbow may refer to:
* Golden Rainbow (musical), a 1968 musical
* Golden Rainbow (TV series), a South Korean TV series
* A Golden Rainbow, a 1915 American silent short film
* "Golden Rainbow", a song by Seals and Crofts from the 1975 album I'll Play for You
* Drosera microphylla, a carnivorous plant endemic to Western Australia
# Hiroki Suzuki

Hiroki Suzuki may refer to:
* Hiroki Suzuki (actor, born 1983) (鈴木 裕樹), Japanese actor
* Hiroki Suzuki (actor, born 1985) (鈴木 拡樹), Japanese actor and singer
# Hisayo

Hisayo (written: 久代, 久世) is a feminine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Hisayo Fukumitsu (福光 久代) (born 1960), Japanese high jumper
* Hisayo Mochizuki (望月 久代) (born 1978), Japanese voice actress
* Rowan Hisayo Buchanan, American-British writer
* Hisayo Chikusa (千種 寿代) (born 1962), Japanese sport shooter
* Hisayo Momose (百瀬 寿代), Japanese electrical engineer
# Hiram, Texas

Hiram is an unincorporated community in Kaufman County, located in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 34 in 2000. It is located within the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex.

## History

Hiram was once known as Locust Grove. A post office was established at Hiram in 1893 and remained in operation until 1906, with James Hiram Hughes as postmaster. The community had mercantile stores, a cotton gin, three churches, a doctor's office, and a sawmill. The population of Hiram was 110 from 1904 to 30 in the late 1940s to 1990. It then had a Baptist church, a cemetery, and a nursing home all named Locust Grove in 1985. The population went up to 34 in 2000.

## Geography

Hiram is located on Farm to Market Road 2965, south of Texas State Highway 20 on the eastern edge of Kaufman County.

## Education

Hiram is served by the Wills Point Independent School District.
# SS Halton R. Carey

SS Halton R. Carey was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Halton R. Carey, who was lost at sea while he was an ordinary seaman on the tanker SS W.D. Anderson, after she was torpedoed by German submarine U-504, on 22 February 1942, off Florida.

## Construction

Halton R. Carey was laid down on 21 December 1944, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 2398, by J.A. Jones Construction, Brunswick, Georgia; she was sponsored by Mrs. A.W. Henson, and launched on 25 January 1945.

## History

She was allocated to American Liberty Line, on 7 February 1945. On 17 May 1948, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, in Wilmington, North Carolina. On 28 May 1963, she was sold to Northern Metals Co., for scrapping.
# SS Himalaya (1948)

SS Himalaya was a British passenger ship of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, launched in 1948, which operated mainly between Britain and Australia. She was withdrawn from service in 1974 and scrapped the next year.

## History

Himalaya was built at Barrow-in-Furness by Vickers-Armstrongs and launched 5 October 1948. She had an identical hull and machinery to the Orient Line's Orcades (yard no. 950 to Himalaya's 951), though differing in superstructure and internal layout. She began her service on the Tilbury-Bombay-Australia route in 1949 following her departure from the shipbuilding yard in August. During her commission Himalaya underwent a number of improvements the first of which was, although controversial at the time, a funnel cowl to keep the liner's decks clear of debris without interference to the boilers.
Arthur C. Clarke completed his book, The City and the Stars, on board Himalaya during a voyage to Sydney between September 1954 and March 1955, as mentioned at the end of the book.
In 1958, she pioneered a new South Pacific route for P&O, from Melbourne and Sydney to San Francisco and Los Angeles via Fiji, Honolulu and Vancouver. The following year, she was routed from Los Angeles to Singapore and then onward to London.
In the winter of 1959-60, she was given a major refit by the Rotterdam Drydock Co., which include the installation of full air conditioning. In 1963, following the sale of the Strath Class liners by P&O, Himalaya, along with Orcades, was converted to all tourist class and was often used on assisted immigrant sailings.
Himalaya arrived at Hong Kong on 31 October 1974 on her final commercial voyage. She was sold to Tong Cheng Steel Manufacturing Co. Ltd, and scrapped in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, in 1975.
Himalaya was in a background scene, while docked in Hong Kong, in an episode of the series I Spy Season: 01 Ep: 02. A Cup of Kindness.
# STT

STT may refer to:

## Organizations

* ST Telemedia, a portfolio company of Temasek Holdings
* Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, a shipbuilding company in Italy
* State Street Corp. (NYSE symbol), a US financial services company
* STT Telkom, a telecommunication engineering school
* Suomen Tietotoimisto, a Finnish news agency
* Special Investigation Service, a Lithuanian anti-corruption agency

## Computing

* Speech to text, converting spoken audio into text
* Single transaction translator, a particular functional unit in USB hubs
* Spin torque transfer, a computer hardware technology

## Other uses

* Cyril E. King Airport (IATA and FAA LID), St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
* Soft tissue therapy, a physical treatment
* Spinothalamic tract, a sensory pathway from skin to thalamus
* Spread tow tape, in making spread tow fabric
* Stewarton railway station (station code), Scotland
# History of Nishapur (book)

History of Nishapur is an encyclopedia written in Arabic by Hakim Nishapuri (933 - 1014 CE) for an introduction of the city and the quarter of Nishapur in Khorasan. It also introduces its reader to the scientists and the people of importance in Nishapur of the Middle Ages. Only a small part of it remains and its original version is lost. This book has been translated to Persian by Mohammad Ibn Hossein Khalife Nishapuri (c. 1291-?).
# Sachin Debbarman Memorial Government Music College, Agartala

Sachin Debbarman Memorial Government Music College, Agartala, is a general degree music college in Agartala, Tripura. It offers different courses in music. It is affiliated to Tripura University. The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Sabriya

Sabriya is a 1997 film.
Sabriya is part of the project "Africa Dreaming", a chronicle of Africa in six acts, six contemporary stories which share the theme of love. They are psychological of social dramas presented in the specific cultural and traditional contexts of each of the six countries represented: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique, Mauritania and Senegal.

## Synopsis

The film explores the impact of the modern world on the traditional male society of the Maghreb. It is a film about men who prefer to live life as an abstract game and the free-spirited woman who changes all that.
# History of magic (disambiguation)

History of magic refers to the entire history of events that from someone's perception were impossible to occur.
History of magic may also refer to:
* Magic (illusion)
* Magic (supernatural)
** Magic in the Greco-Roman world
** Medieval European magic
** Renaissance magic
** Baroque magic
** Magick
# Hitomi Hosono

Hitomi Hosono is a London-based ceramicist who won the inaugural Perrier-Jouët Arts Salon Prize. She is known for intricate ceramic pieces that are inspired by botanical studies and her memories of the Japanese landscape and the greenery of East London.

## Education and career

Hitomi Hosono was born in 1978 in Gifu Prefecture in Japan. She attended the Kanazawa College of Art in Kanazawa, Japan from 1998 to 2002 where she studied Kutani Pottery. She attended the Ceramics Design Course at the Danmarks Designskole in Copenhagen from 2005 to 2006, and received a Master of Arts in Ceramics and Glass from the Royal College of Art in London in 2009. She was an Artist in Residence at Wedgwood from 2017 to 2018.
Her signature style is inspired by Wedgwood Jasperware and consists of creating original sprig models and plaster moulds based on botanical examples which she then applies in layers onto a pottery base. She layers the leaves on top of the base until it is hidden creating highly decorative vessels. Pieces can take years to create. She also adds sprigs and carved leaves to ceramic boxes that have been gilded on the inside.

## Selected group and solo exhibitions

2017 Hitomi Hosono, The Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation, London
2015 Brook Street: An Artist’s Eye, Sibyl Colefax & John Fowler, London in association with Adrian Sassoon
2013 Perrier-Jouët Arts Salon, St. Pancras Renaissance Hotel Chambers Club, London

## Work in collections

Aberdeen Art Gallery & Museums, Aberdeen
Oriental Museum, Durham University, Durham
The British Museum, London
The Wedgwood Museum, Stoke-on-Trent
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Musée national des arts asiatiques – Guimet, Paris, France
Porzellanikon – Staatliches Museum für Porzellan, Selb, Germany
Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, New York, USA
Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA, USA

## Awards

2014 Winner, Jerwood Makers Open, Jerwood Visual Arts, London
2013 Winner, Perrier-Jouët Arts Salon Prize, London
2004 First Prize, Graphic Art on Ceramics, Museum of Modern Ceramic Art, Tajimi, Japan
2004 Silver Prize, Craft Design
2004 Tajim, Museum of Modern Ceramic Art, Tajimii, Japan
2004 Hokuriku Broadcast President`s Prize, Daiwa Department Store, Kanazawa, Japan
2004 Utatsuyama Craft Workshop Purchase Award, Kanazawa, Japan
2003 Utatsuyama Craft Workshop Purchase Award, Kanazawa, Japan
# Holtsmark

Holtsmark is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anne Holtsmark (1896–1974), Norwegian philologist
* Bent Holtsmark (1823–1903), Norwegian politician
* Bernt Holtsmark (1859–1941), Norwegian politician
* Gabriel Gabrielsen Holtsmark (1867–1954), Norwegian educator, physicist and actuary
* Johan Peter Holtsmark (1894–1975), Norwegian physicist
* Karen Holtsmark (1907–1998), Norwegian painter
* Torger Holtsmark (1863–1926), Norwegian politician
# Holy Cross Church, Ligota Górna

Holy Cross Church in Ligota Górna, Poland, is a wooden church built in 1787. The church, a chapel of ease serves the Roman Catholic and the Evangelical-Augsburg Church.
# Sagenothrips

Sagenothrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae.

## Species

* Sagenothrips gracilicornis
# Saint-Gervais, Vendée

Saint-Gervais (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France.
# Sagin

Sagin may refer to:
* Sagin, Iran, a village in Kerman Province, Iran
* Sağın, Karakoçan
# Sagina (disambiguation)

Sagina is a genus of flowering plants.
Sagina may also refer to:
# Sagina Mahato

Sagina Mahato is a 1970 Bengali film produced by Shri J. K. Kapur and directed by Tapan Sinha. The film stars Dilip Kumar and Saira Banu, two acting giants of Indian cinema. The film is based on the true story of the labour movement of 1942–43, told through with fictional characters, and the mock trial of Sagina Mahato, the trade union leader of a factory in Siliguri. It was entered into the 7th Moscow International Film Festival. The film was shot on locations in Kurseong, near Darjeeling. A diamond-jubilee hit, it created box-office records in Bengal. The film was remade as a Hindi film titled Sagina in 1974, by Sinha with the same leads, produced by the same producers team J.K. Kapur and Hemen Ganguly, though this version wasn't commercially successful. Film music composed by playback singer Anup Ghoshal.

## Plot

This is story of a tea estate labour leader in the north eastern region of India during the British Raj. Sagina Mahato fights for the rights of the labourers and has the courage to face the tyranny of the British bosses. He is helped by a young communist Amal who comes to the place to upraise the poor and downtrodden masses. Amal, an outsider, turned Sagina as a leader and thus alienated him from the mass by elaborating, appropriating, codifying, approximating his social hierarchy. The story by Gour Kishor Ghosh (first published in Desh25:12, 18 January 1958, reveals the problems of vulgar vanguardism from the radical humanist standpoint.

## Casts

* Dilip Kumar as Sagina Mahato
* Saira Banu as Lalita
* Anil Chatterjee
* Bhanu Bandopadhyay
* Swarup Dutta
* Sumita Sanyal
* Romi Chowdhury
* Kalyan Chatterjee

## Awards
### BFJA Awards in 1971

* Best Actor: Dilip Kumar
* Best Actor in Supporting Role: Anil Chatterjee
* Best Art Direction: Suniti Mitra
* Best Music: Tapan Sinha
* Best Male Playback Singer Award: Anup Ghoshal

### 8th Moscow International Film Festival

* Best Afro-Asian Film
# Homeostat

The homeostat is one of the first devices capable of adapting itself to the environment; it exhibited behaviours such as habituation, reinforcement and learning through its ability to maintain homeostasis in a changing environment. It was built by William Ross Ashby in 1948 at Barnwood House Hospital.

## System

After a few technical hiccups with short-circuits causing burn-outs, the homeostat was finally completed on 16 March 1948. It was an adaptive ultrastable system, consisting of four interconnected Royal Air Force bomb control units with inputs, feedback, and magnetically driven, water-filled potentiometers. It illustrated his law of requisite variety — automatically adapting its configuration to stabilize the effects of any disturbances introduced into the system.
In 1946, Ashby described the design of the units thus "Its principle is that it uses multiple coils in a milliammeter & uses the needle movement to dip in a trough carrying a current, so getting a potential which goes to the grid of a valve, the anode of which provides an output current." It was the realization of what he had described in 1946 as an "Isomorphism making machine".
When Alan Turing heard of Ashby's intention to build the homeostat, he wrote to Ashby to suggest that he could run a simulation on Turing's Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) instead of building a special machine.
The first published account of the homeostat appeared under the title of "Design for a Brain" in the December 1948 issue of 'Electronic Engineering', where he speculates about a perfected homeostat that could eventually play chess "with a subtlety and depth of strategy beyond that of the man who designed it."
In 1949 Time described it as "the closest thing to a synthetic brain so far designed by man".
In 1952, Ashby demonstrated it at the ninth Macy conference on cybernetics. In the same year he published a description of the homeostat in his influential book Design for a brain. In total, between 1946 and 1967, he wrote 38 entries about the homeostat in his journal.
In her online biography of Ashby, Jill Ashby wrote of the homeostat, that "In 1961, Ross took it with him to the Biological Computing Laboratory, University of Illinois and left it there when he retired in 1970. Apparently, it was damaged soon after that when the area where it was being kept was flooded."
# Homewood Crawford

Sir Henry Homewood Crawford CVO (12 June 1850 – 17 November 1936) was a British solicitor, prominent in the livery companies of the City of London and the National Association of Local Government Officers (NALGO).
Crawford was educated at Thanet College and in France before qualifying as a solicitor in 1872. Two years later, he married Louisa Truscott, the daughter of Sir Francis Wyatt Truscott, who later became Lord Mayor of London.
Crawford set up a partnership, Crawford and Chester, and attracted work as the solicitor for the Vintners' Company. He also served as Under-Sheriff of London and Middlesex, in which role he declared Queen Victoria to be Empress of India, and as the city's Land Tax Commissioner.
In 1885, Crawford left private practice to become the Solicitor to the Corporation of the City of London, a position he held until 1924. While in post, he served as Master of several guilds: the Fanmakers' Company, Glovers' Company and Musicians' Company. In 1893, he served on the Royal Commission on the Amalgamation of the City and County of London.
A founding member of the Municipal Officers' Association, Crawford served as its president. It became part of NALGO in 1905, and Crawford was NALGO's second president, serving from 1907 until 1924. In his spare time, he was also prominent in the Freemasons. He was knighted in the 1900 Birthday Honours, and In the 1924 New Year Honours he was made a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order.
# LiAZ-677

The LiAZ-677 is a Soviet and Russian city high-floor bus produced by the Likinsky Bus Plant. The first prototype was released in 1963, and mass-produced from 1967 to 1994. Third-party car kits assembly lasted until 2002. The LiAZ-677 was the most popular model of the plant, and the first Soviet bus with a hydromechanical (automatic) gearbox. This model was used by urban and suburban bus service in almost all cities of the Soviet Union.
# Philip Wheelwright

Philip Ellis Wheelwright (July 6, 1901 – January 6, 1970) was an American philosopher, classical scholar and literary theorist. He was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, the son of a stockbroker, and died in Santa Barbara, California. Wheelwright was educated at Princeton University, with a B.A. in 1921 and a Ph.D. in 1924 with his dissertation "The Concepts of Liberty and Contingency in the Philosophy of Charles Renouvier," the French Kantian philosopher who so influenced William James.
Wheelwright taught at New York University from 1927 to 1935, while from 1930 to 1933 editing the journal Symposium, an avant-garde review of literary criticism. After two years devoted to his own writing, in 1937 he returned to teaching as professor of philosophy at Dartmouth College, on whose faculty he remained until 1953. In 1966 he retired from the University of California, Riverside, where he had been a professor since 1954, a founding charter member of the faculty of UC Riverside's undergraduate College of Letters and Science (now dubbed the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences). Wheelwright also taught at Pomona College for one semester in 1953. He was known as an eloquent lecturer.
Wheelwright published in 1935 A Critical Introduction to Ethics, an introductory textbook to philosophical ethics; in the same year and for the general public, he published Aristotle, a translation "into the English of today" of selections from seven of the Greek philosopher's most important books: Natural Science, The Metaphysics, Zoology, Psychology, The Nicomachean Ethics, On Statecraft, and The Art of Poetry. But Professor Wheelwright is best-known for works in the field of literary criticism, The Burning Fountain: a Study in the Language of Symbolism (1954) and Metaphor and Reality (1962). He also published a book on early Greek philosophy, The Presocratics (1966).
# General Chapman

General Chapman may refer to:
* Augustus A. Chapman (1805–1876), Virginia Militia brigadier general in the American Civil War
* Edward Chapman (British Army officer) (1840–1926), British Army general
* Frederick Chapman (British Army officer) (1815–1893), British Army general
* George Henry Chapman (1832–1882), Union Army brigadier general and brevet major general
* John Chapman (Australian Army officer) (1896–1963), Australian Army major general
* Leonard F. Chapman Jr. (1913–2000), U.S. Marine Corps general
* Stephen Chapman (British Army officer) (1776–1851), British Army lieutenant general
# International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing

The International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing is a bimonthly peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering extreme manufacturing, ranging from fundamentals to process, measurement and systems, as well as materials, structures, and devices with extreme functionalities. The journal was established in 2019.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Astrophysics Data System
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* Ei Compendex
* Inspec
* ProQuest databases
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 16.1.
# Lemuel Soto

Lemuel Soto Santiago is a Puerto Rican politician and former mayor of Arecibo. Soto is affiliated with the New Progressive Party (PNP) and served as mayor from 2005 to 2013.
# Humboldt marten

The Humboldt marten (Martes caurina humboldtensis) is an endangered, genetically distinct subspecies of the Pacific marten known from the old-growth coastal redwood forests, forests with dense shrub cover, areas with serpentine soils, and forested areas with dense understory cover of the U.S. states in coastal California and Oregon.

## Habitat and distribution

Fewer than 500 of them survive in both states combined, in four different populations; one in northern California, one straddling the California-Oregon border, one in southern Oregon, and one in the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area. It is speculated that Humboldt martens in northern California and southern Oregon may be genetically connected into one large population, but there is no data to inform genetic connectedness as of 2020.

## Conservation

The subspecies was considered extinct until being rediscovered in the Six Rivers National Forest in 1996. They are most threatened by a lack of population expansion and by human-caused mortalities, including trapping and road mortality.
California banned all commercial trapping of martens since the 1950's, and Oregon banned trapping west of Interstate 5 in 2019. In California, the marten is threatened by the increasing number of marijuana farms destroying its habitat in the area. Humboldt martens were rated Endangered in California in 2019. Overall, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed the Distinct Population Segment of coastal martens, synonymous with Humboldt martens, as Federally Threatened in 2020. Prior to 2020, there was confusion of the genetic composition of western marten subspecies.

## Ecology

Much is unknown regarding the Humboldt marten's diet, habitat requirements, and opportunities for restoration. Research is ongoing and collaborative among entities.