OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aweiden

Aweiden or Aweyden was first a suburb of and then a quarter of Königsberg, Germany, located south of the city center. Its territory is now part of the Moskovsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia.

## History

Adjacent to Aweiden were Ponarth to the northwest, Speichersdorf to the north, and Schönfliess to the east. The estate of Aweiden was controlled by Königsberg by 1550; Johann Schnürlein, mayor of Kneiphof and ducal chamberlain, owned it in 1579. Aweiden was sold in 1660 after a fire, but was eventually owned by the ducal official Friedrich Kupner (1648-1719).
In the 19th century the estate was recreationally visited by Königsberg's upper classes. Politically active students from the University of Königsberg held a commercium in Aweiden in 1835. A competition featuring 600 gymnasts was held in Aweiden in 1862; it was so well-received that the Collegium Fridericianum made it an annual event.
Aweiden was incorporated into Königsberg in 1939. The road Aweider Allee led from Mühlenhof at the Pregel south through Rosenau, Speichersdorf, and Aweiden to Königsberg's southern city limit.
# Ajapa japa

Japa (or japam) means repeating or remembering a mantra (or mantram), and ajapa-japa (or ajapajapam) means constant awareness of the mantra, or of what it represents. The letter A in front of the word japa means without (it should be understood, that ajapa means "no chanting", thus ajapa means to stop thinking about anything material, and japa means to think about Paramatma, God instead of thinking of maya). Thus, ajapa-japa is the practice of japa without the mental effort normally needed to repeat the mantra (effort is necessary for those who are not pure enough to dedicate themselves completely to God, and still have material desires, which is the cause of repeated reincarnation in samsara ocean). In other words, it has begun to come naturally, turning into a constant awareness.
Says Swami Satchidananda:
   "You can perform japa, repetition of a mantra or Sacred Word, in the midst of your day-to-day work. Then, when it becomes a habit, even when you are working intensely a portion of the mind will keep repeating the mantra always. That means you have locked one end of your chain to a holy place, while the rest of the chain remains still in the outside world."
# Ashank Desai

Ashank Desai is an Indian entrepreneur, philanthropist and investor. He is the founding member and past chairman of Nasscom an Indian non-governmental trade association and advocacy group, focused mainly on the technology industry of India. He is the founder and chairman of Mastek, a global technology services company.

## Biography

Desai graduated in Mechanical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay in 1974. He also holds a post graduate diploma in Business Management (PGDBM) from the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad where he graduated in the year 1979.
Desai has been involved in CII last ten years as Committee Member. He is also the former president of the Asian Oceanian Computing Industry Organization (ASOCIO). The Ashank Desai Centre for Policy Studies at IIT Bombay was set up in 2016 to provide a fillip to the study of public policy. In 2021, The Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad launched the Ashank Desai Centre for Leadership and Organizational Development (ADCLOD), that offers training, research, and consulting services to leaders at various levels in Indian and multinational organizations.

## Honors and awards

In 2021, Desai was honored with the Dataquest Lifetime Achievement Award. He has been felicitated by the Prime minister of India, Narendra Modi, for his contribution to NASSCOM and the IT Industry over the last 25 years. Desai is a recipient of the Distinguished Alumnus Award from IIT Bombay in the year 2002.
# Delia Bennett

Delia Bennet (1892–1976) was an American artist. She is associated with the Gee's Bend quilting collective, and is said to be "the matriarch of perhaps the largest family of quilt producers in Gee's Bend. Her work is included in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

## Early life

Born in 1892 to S.S. Pettway and Pleasant Pettway, Delia Bennett was raised on the Brown plantation in Gee's Bend, Alabama. She married Eddie Bennett, and they raised seven girls and four boys together. Bennett and her husband were subsistence farmers, growing food in their backyard. They were forced to grow cotton for free in exchange for living on the plantation grounds, which were owned by the Spurlin family in Camden, Alabama.

## Exhibitions

* 2019 - Souls Grown Deep: Artists of the African American South, Philadelphia Museum of Art
# Jo Heng

Jo Heng (1960 – 9 January 2020), also known as Xing Zenghua, was a Singaporean lyricist. She died from lymphoma, a type of blood cancer, on 9 January 2020 at the age of 59.

## Personal life

Heng studied in Bukit Panjang Government High School and Thomson Secondary School, and focused on Chinese composition. She worked in factories before joining Xin He Magazine.

## Career

She also wrote the lyrics for Andy Lau's "The Path Winds Through High Peaks" which was released in 1994.
# Improved Order of Heptasophs

The Improved Order of Heptasophs was a fraternal order in the United States that existed from 1878-1917. It was distinguished from its parent organization, the Order of Heptasophs in that its main focus was on insurance.

## History

In the mid-1870s there was a dispute within the Order of Heptasophs. While local chapters or Conclaves were allowed to pay benefits at option since 1872, others wanted a general fund for death benefits. Unable to convince the conservative leadership of the group to offer general benefits, the Zeta Conclave #6 of Baltimore initiated a schism and led a number of members out of the group. A call was issued August 10, 1878 by Judge George V. Metzel, John W. Cruett, James Watkins, the Hon. John G. Mitchell, W. F. C. Gerhardt and Herbert J. Thurn, all of Maryland, for a convention to found a new society. It was addressed to fourteen other Heptasophs, six each from Maryland and Pennsylvania and one each from Virginia and Kentucky. The convention assembled on August 27 at the Odd Fellows Hall in Philadelphia. There were only twenty delegates, the six signers of the call and the fourteen addressees. Nevertheless, they organized themselves as the Supreme Conclave of the new Improved Order of Heptasophs, with Judge Metzel as the first Archon
The organization grew slowly, with the 83 members of the Zeta Conclave as the core of the membership. At the first ordinary annual session of the order, in 1879, there were only 149 members in nine local conclaves and by 1880 it had 516 in 12 conclaves. This was partly due to intense opposition from the older Order. However, by 1899 it grew to 35,000 members in twenty states, 12,000 in Maryland alone. The organization reached a membership of 676,887 in 1915, at its peak.
Two Subordinate Conclaves, the Zeta Conclave in Baltimore and the Grant Conclave at Easton, Pennsylvania, were prosperous enough to build their own fraternal halls.
In May 1917 the Improved Order of Heptasophs merged with the Fraternal Aid Union. The Fraternal Aid Union changed its name to the Standard Life Association in 1933. The Standard Life Association in turn became Standard Mutual Life, a mutual company, in 1968.

## Organization

Unusually for a nineteenth century American fraternal order, the Improved Order of Heptasophs dispensed with the state or "Grand" level of organization and consisted only of the local Subordinate Conclaves and the Supreme Conclave, which had control over the groups business and beneficiary activities. The Supreme Conclave consisted of officers and members elected by members of the Subordinate Conclaves, as well as the charter members, who sat as Supreme Past Archons.
# Carcerato

Carcerato may refer to:
* Carcerato (1951 film)
* Carcerato (1981 film)
# Hazel Hertzberg

Hazel Manross Whitman Hertzberg (September 16, 1918 – October 19, 1988) was an American historian. Her scholarship focused on the Indigenous people of North America. She was a professor of history and education at Teachers College, Columbia University.

## Early life and education

Hazel Manross Whitman was born on September 16, 1918, in Brooklyn, New York, to Grace (Wood) and Charles Theodore Whitman. She attended the University of Chicago (AB, 1958) and Columbia University (MA, 1961; PhD, 1968). While at university, she worked as an activist for sharecroppers in Mississippi, promoted the Indian independence movement, and was involved with the Socialist Party of America. She received her AB after she began teaching social studies in New York.

## Career

Hertzberg taught at the elementary and secondary level and worked in curriculum development. She co-wrote a seventh-grade anthropology curriculum for New York students as part of the Anthropology Curriculum Project. Later in her career, Hertzberg began writing about the history and theory of education. Her study Social Studies Reform, 1880–1980 (1981), covers the history of social studies in the United States.
Reviewing The Great Tree and the Longhouse: The Culture of the Iroquois (1966), the anthropologist Elisabeth Tooker said that, despite being written for children, it was "probably the best summary of aboriginal Iroquois culture since Henry Morgan's League of the Ho-de-no-sau-nee or Iroquois". The Search for an American Indian Identity: Modern Pan-Indian Movements (1971) discusses pan-Indianism after the Ghost Dance (from roughly the 1900s to the 1970s), covering organizations including the Society of American Indians and the Teepee Order of America.

## Personal life

Hazel married Sidney Hertzberg, a journalist and activist, on August 25, 1941. She and Sidney co-wrote The UN in the Age of Change, a short book on the United Nations. They had two children, including Hendrik Hertzberg. She died on October 19, 1988, in Rome, while attending a conference.
# Aurelia malayensis

Aurelia malayensis is a species of true jellyfish in the family Ulmaridae. It is known via type specimens found in the Philippines.

## Etymology

The genus name is derived from the Latin name Aurelia, which in turn is derived from aureus, meaning "golden". The specific epithet is taken from the Malay Archipelago, which includes the species' type locality and estimated distribution.
# Ajanur

Ajanur (also anglicized Ajanoor) is a grama panchayat and also a village of the same name in Kasargode district, Kerala state, India. It is the fifth largest town in Kasaragod district.

## Ajanur vs. Kanhangad

Ajanur is in fact a bureaucratic nicety. Some parts of Kanhangad town is put under an administrative unit called Ajanur Panchayath. The suburb continues to be part and parcel of Kanhangad town.
Ajanur is just north of Kanhangad, stretching for some 5 km along the Kanyakumari-Panavel Road, encompassing an area of some 28 km$^2$. Total population was recorded as 42,467 in the 2001 Indian census, amounting to a population density of 1,526 per km$^2$.

## Wards in the local administration

Ajanur panchayat consists of the following 23 villages or "wards":
| ward | name | location | population |
| 1 | Ravaneshwaram | 12°22′26″N 75°04′48″E﻿ / ﻿12.374°N 75.080°E﻿ / 12.374; 75.080 | 2,546 |
| 2 | Ramagiri | | 2,377 |
| 3 | Velashwaram | 12°21′14″N 75°05′10″E﻿ / ﻿12.354°N 75.086°E﻿ / 12.354; 75.086 | 2,356 |
| 4 | Madiyan | 12°21′11″N 75°04′41″E﻿ / ﻿12.353°N 75.078°E﻿ / 12.353; 75.078 | 2,678 |
| 5 | Manikoth | | 1,775 |
| 6 | Adot | | 1,908 |
| 7 | Bellikoth | 12°20′20″N 75°05′20″E﻿ / ﻿12.339°N 75.089°E﻿ / 12.339; 75.089 | 2,326 |
| 8 | Kattukulangara | | 2,190 |
| 9 | Mavungal | 12°20′24″N 75°06′14″E﻿ / ﻿12.340°N 75.104°E﻿ / 12.340; 75.104 | 2,188 |
| 10 | Ramnagar | | 2,128 |
| 11 | Pallot | | 1,868 |
| 12 | Kizhakkumkara | 12°19′52″N 75°05′31″E﻿ / ﻿12.331°N 75.092°E﻿ / 12.331; 75.092 | 2,080 |
| 13 | Thulichery | | 2,204 |
| 14 | Athinal | | 2,634 |
| 15 | Ittammal | | 3,010 |
| 16 | Kolavayal | 12°20′06″N 75°04′23″E﻿ / ﻿12.335°N 75.073°E﻿ / 12.335; 75.073 | 3,015 |
| 17 | Ajanur Beach (Ajanur Kadappuram) | 12°19′59″N 75°04′01″E﻿ / ﻿12.333°N 75.067°E﻿ / 12.333; 75.067 | 3,370 |
| 18 | Muttumthala | | 3,200 |
| 19 | Mattummal | | 3,405 |
| 20 | Mallikamad | | 2,933 |
| 21 | Chithari / Chittari | 12°21′25″N 75°03′54″E﻿ / ﻿12.357°N 75.065°E﻿ / 12.357; 75.065 |
| 22 | Barikkad |
| 23 | Mukkoodu |

## Notable people

Ajanur is the birthplace of the poet P. Kunhiraman Nair, whose younger brother P. Krishnan Nair, was the first president of the panchayat.
Ajanur was also home for the socialist party leader C. M. Padmanabhan Nair.

## Temples

The Madiyan Koolom temple is situated in Ajanur (12°21′07″N 75°04′52″E﻿ / ﻿12.352°N 75.081°E﻿ / 12.352; 75.081). The main deity of the temple is Bhadrakali.

## Education

Educational institutions in Ajanur are Govt. Higher Secondary School, Ravaneshwaram, Maha Kavi P. Kunhiraman Nair Memorial High School, Iqbal High School and Crescent English Medium School.

## Transportation

Local roads have access to NH.66 which connects to Mangalore in the north and Calicut in the south. The nearest railway station is Kanhangad on Mangalore-Palakkad line. There are airports at Mangalore and Calicut.
# Asko Sahlberg

Asko Tapio Sahlberg (born 30 September 1964) is a Finnish novelist. Since the publication of his debut novel in 2000, he has written several more novels, including The Brothers (2010), an English translation of which has been released by Peirene Press. Sahlberg has lived in Gothenburg, Sweden since 1996, and was chosen as the Sweden Finn of 2014.
# Delia Boccardo

Delia Boccardo (born 29 January 1948) is an Italian film, television and stage actress.

## Life and career

Born in Genoa, Boccardo spent her childhood and adolescence in Nervi, then studied at a Swiss college, at the Poggio Imperiale girls' school and, for about three years, at a college in Sussex, England. In 1965 she moved to Rome where she attended the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia.
Boccardo made her film debut in 1966, in the Spaghetti Western Death Walks in Laredo; she made her stage debut in 1967, alongside Raf Vallone in Uno sguardo dal ponte. From the mid-1980s she focused her appearances on stage, where she worked intensively with Luca Ronconi, and on television.

## Partial filmography

* Death Walks in Laredo (1966) - Mady
* The Wild Eye (1967) - Barbara Bates
* Inspector Clouseau (1968) - Lisa Morrel
* Snow Job (1969) - Lorraine Borman
* Detective Belli (1969) - Sandy Bronson
* The Adventurers (1970) - Caroline de Coyne
* Una macchia rosa (1970) - Livia
* The Cannibals (1970) - Ismene
* Strogoff (1970) - Sangarre
* Between Miracles (1971) - Giovanna Visciani
* Equinozio (1971) - Anna / Una ragazza in riva al mare
* Stress (1971)
* Snow Job (1972) - Lorraine Borman
* Panhandle 38 (1972) - Connie Briscott
* High Crime (1973) - Mirella
* Massacre in Rome (1973) - Elena
* Shoot First, Die Later (1974) - Sandra
* A Black Ribbon for Deborah (1974) - Mira Wener
* La mazurka del barone, della santa e del fico fiorone (1975) - Redheaded prostitute / The 'saint'
* The Last Day of School Before Christmas (1975) - Germana
* Silent Action (1975) - Maria
* Il caso Raoul (1975) - Delia
* Giovannino (1976)
* A Woman at Her Window (1976) - Dora Cooper
* Tentacles (1977) - Vicky Gleason
* Improvviso (1979) - La Tedesca
* Martin Eden (1979 TV mini-series) (1979) - Ruth Morse
* The Day Christ Died (1980, TV Movie) - Mary Magdelene
* Roma dalla finestra (1982) - Olga
* Aphrodite (1982) - Barbara
* Nostalghia (1983) - Domenico's Wife
* Hercules (1983) - Athena
* The Assisi Underground (1985) - Countess Cristina
* Blood Ties (1986, TV Movie) - Sara Salina
* The Secret of the Sahara (1987, TV Mini-Series) - Yasmine
* Sposi (1988) - Assunta
* Cavalli si nasce (1989) - La Baronessa
* L'isola alla deriva (1989) - Madamoiselle
* The Week of the Sphinx (1990) - Sara
* Il nodo alla cravatta (1991)
* The Return of Casanova (1992) - Amelie
* Dichiarazioni d'amore (1994) - Adult Sandra
* Fade out (Dissolvenza al nero) (1994)
* Questo è il giardino (1999) - Carlo's mother
* Empty Eyes (2001) - Marco's Mother
* Virginia, la monaca di Monza (2004, TV Movie) - Virginia's mother
# Jo Herbst

Jo Herbst (1928–1980) was a German film and television actor.

## Selected filmography

* The Big Star Parade (1954)
* The Captain and His Hero (1955)
* Heroism after Hours (1955)
* Teenage Wolfpack (1956)
* Confessions of Felix Krull (1957)
* Rosemary (1958)
* Peter Shoots Down the Bird (1959)
* We Cellar Children (1960)
# Zoe (song)

Zoe is an instrumental by Italian electronic musician Paganini Traxx. It peaked at #47 on the UK Singles Chart.
# Carcerand

In host–guest chemistry, a carcerand (from Latin carcer 'prison') is a host molecule that completely entraps its guest (which can be an ion, atom or other chemical species) so that it will not escape even at high temperatures. This type of molecule was first described in 1985 by Donald J. Cram and coworkers. The complexes formed by a carcerand with permanently imprisoned guests are called carceplexes.
In contrast, hemicarcerands allow guests to enter and exit the cavity at high temperatures but will form stable complexes at ambient temperatures. The complexes formed by a hemicarcerand and a guest are called hemicarceplexes.

## Reactivity of bound guests

Cram described the interior of the container compound as the inner phase in which radically different reactivity was observed. He used a hemicarcerand to isolate highly unstable, antiaromatic cyclobutadiene at room temperature. The hemicarcerand stabilizes guests within its cavity by preventing their reaction with other molecules.

## Synthesis

The first generation carcerands are based on calixarene hemicarcerands with 4 alkyl substituents on the upper rim and 4 reactive substituents on the lower rim. The coupling of both hemicarcerands takes place through a spacer group. In the original 1985 publication two different hemicarcerands react, one with chloromethylene reactive groups and one with thiomethylene reactive groups in a nucleophilic displacement and the resulting spacer group is a dimethylsulfide (CH$_2$SCH$_2$). In this experiment the guests were the molecules already present in the reaction medium such as argon and dimethylformamide.
In another configuration the 4 lower rim functional groups are aldehydes which condense with O-Phenylenediamine to the corresponding di-imines. The 4 spacer groups connecting the two spheres are now much longer and consequently the internal cavity is much larger. Compounds trapped in the cavity are said to be held there by constrictive binding. They can be introduced by simply heating in neat solvent like hexachlorobutadiene (a fungicide). The half-life of the reverse process is 3.2 hours at 25 °C in CDCl$_3$ by NMR analysis. Ferrocene can be introduced by heating with the hemicarcerand in a large bulky solvent such as tripiperidylphosphine oxide. The half-life for ferrocene liberation is 19.6 hours at 112 °C.

## Large carcerands

The internal cavity of a carcerand can be as large as 1700 Å$^3$ (1.7 nm$^3$) when six hemicarcerands form a single octahedral compound. This is accomplished by dynamic covalent chemistry in a one-pot condensation of 6 equivalents of a tetraformyl calixarene and 12 equivalents of ethylene diamine with trifluoroacetic acid catalyst in chloroform at room temperature followed by reduction of the imine bonds with sodium borohydride.
# Carla Barbarella

Carla Barbarella (born 4 February 1940 in Magione) is a former Italian politician from the Italian Communist Party who served as a member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1989.
In 1989, she was named Shadow Minister of Agriculture in the Shadow Cabinet of Italy by Achille Occhetto, Secretary of the Italian Communist Party.
# Girls of the Golden West (country music duo)

The Girls of the Golden West was an American female country music duo, that was popular during the "Western Era" of the 1930s and 1940s. The duo comprised two sisters, Mildred Fern Good (April 11, 1913 – May 2, 1993) and Dorothy Laverne Good (December 11, 1915 – November 12, 1967). They were born in Mount Carmel, Illinois, United States.

## Rise to fame

The Girls of the Golden West first entertained family and friends before they worked on a radio station in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1933, they moved to radio station WLS (AM), where they featured on program National Barn Dance, then the home of country music pioneers Gene Autry and Patsy Montana. Bradley Kincaid, also at WLS, later worked with the girls in their recordings. They first started recording for Bluebird Records in July 1933. They named themselves the Girls of the Golden West, taken from the opera by Puccini, The Girl of the Golden West. They started singing songs such as "Put My Little Shoes Away" and "Ragtime Cowboy Joe".
The Girls of the Golden West were one of the most popular acts of the 1930s and 1940s, and were one of the few women then found performing country music. The Girls also had kept up a fictitious story of their life. They would claim they were from Muleshoe, Texas, though in reality they were farming girls from the state of Illinois. However, this was all part of the image of the "Western Music" craze. They would normally wear cowgirl western-style outfits for their appearances on television programs.

## Career peak and decline

Girls of the Golden West were pioneers in country music at the time. There were few women then in the genre, excluding Patsy Montana, The girls would inspire a whole new breed of country music singers such as Kitty Wells, Jean Shepard and Patsy Cline. They would also inspire a short-lived girl group, The Davis Sisters. The Girls of the Golden West still remained a popular group, with other songs like "Lonesome Cowgirl" and "Silvery Moon on the Golden Gate", which became their signature tune. Later in their careers, they performed on more television shows such as Renfro Valley Barn Dance and Boone County Jamboree. Toward the end of the 1940s, their careers faded. They also later moved from WLS to WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio. After this, they occasionally performed and recorded again in 1963.
In 1967 Dorothy "Dolly" Good died, and Mildred "Millie" Good followed at the age of 80 in 1993.
# Charles F. Lynch

Charles F. Lynch is a cancer researcher, whose work has been cited 30,000 times. He is a university professor at the University of Iowa (full professor since 1998). He is director of two large multi-decade studies.

## Background and education

Lynch received his M.D. degree in 1979 and his Ph.D. degree in epidemiology in 1984, both from the University of Iowa. He did his residency in anatomical pathology 1982–1986. Dr. Lynch's primary research interests include the pathology of cancer, cancer epidemiology, radon, and environmental epidemiology.

## Iowa Cancer Registry

Lynch is the principal investigator of the Iowa Cancer Registry, a statewide cancer surveillance program that is part of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. The registry, employing fifty, tracks every case of cancer and its survivors in each Iowa county since 1973. Since before 2003, Lynch managed the program.

## Prospective cohort studies

Currently, he is principal investigator for Iowa on the NCI/EPA/NIEHS-funded Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective cohort study of 90,000 commercial pesticide applicators, private pesticide applicators, or spouses of private applicators from the states of Iowa or North Carolina. He is a co-director of the AHS Coordinating Center.

## Selected publications

* An Update of Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study (2010)
* Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States (2011)
* Home Radon Testing (video)