OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canton of Villeneuve-Loubet

The canton of Villeneuve-Loubet is an administrative division of the Alpes-Maritimes department, southeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Villeneuve-Loubet.
It consists of the following communes:
* La Colle-sur-Loup
* Roquefort-les-Pins
* Saint-Paul-de-Vence
* Villeneuve-Loubet
# Blekinge Läns Tidning

Blekinge Läns Tidning, known as BLT, is a local newspaper in Karlskrona, Sweden, which has been in circulation since 1869.

## History and profile

Blekinge Läns Tidning was established by Frans August Blomquist and Palle Nilsson in Karlskrona in 1869, and its first issue appeared in December that year. The paper was published twice a week by Bolagstryckeriet, a company owned by Blomquist and Nilsson, who sold Blekinge Läns Tidning in 1873. It was published under different title until 1878 when Göte Bjurman acquired the paper. Then its original title, Blekinge Läns Tidning, began to be used, and it was published by Länsboktryckeriet. Bjurman edited and published the paper until 1904 and N. S. Lundström succeeded him in both posts.
Its owners changed again twice until 1911. Its publishing company, AB Blekinge Läns Tidning, was founded the same year. The frequency of the paper increased to six per week in the 1920s.
Blekinge Läns Tidning was a social democratic publication in the early period. However, later it adopted a liberal political stance. It is one of the Swedish media outlets which publish interviews with far-right political figures one of which was with Richard Jomshof in August 2021.
Tidningen Barometerns AB bought the stock majority in Blekinge Läns Tidning in 1975. During this period the paper was the best-selling newspaper with a circulation of 30,000 copies. Another local newspaper based in Karlskrona, Karlshamns Allehanda, was acquired by Blekinge Läns Tidning in 1976. Blekinge Läns Tidning merged with Barometern and Smålandsposten, to create the Sydostpress Newspaper Group in 1990. It created the joint holding company Gota Media with three newspapers, namely Barometern, Borås Tidning and Smålandsposten in 2003.
Blekinge Läns Tidning sold 34,500 copies in 2010.
# Cerithiopsis parvada

Nanopsis parvada is a species of sea snail, a gastropod in the family Cerithiopsidae. It was described by Rolán, Espinosa, and Fernández-Garcés, in 2007.
# Cerreto Selva

Cerreto Selva is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, located in the comune of Sovicille, province of Siena.
Cerreto Selva is about 10 km from Siena and 5 km from Sovicille.
# Cerreto Castello

Cerreto Castello was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 8 km (5 mi) east of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 662 and an area of 2.7 km$^2$ (1 sq mi).
As a comune Cerreto Castello bordered the following municipalities: Cossato, Quaregna, Valdengo, Vigliano Biellese.

## History

From 1 January 2019 Cerrato Castello was absorbed by the new-born municipality of Quaregna Cerreto.
# Henry Foreman

Sir Henry Foreman OBE (7 June 1852 – 11 April 1924) was a British Conservative politician. He was the mayor of Hammersmith and he married twice. His second wife and mayoress, Lucy Beatrice (née Randall), was the first President of Hammersmith Ladies Swimming Club.

## Biography

Foreman was the son of Edwin George Foreman and Amelia Cox of Campden Hill, Kensington, London. He married first in 1893 and he became deeply involved in the municipal politics of Hammersmith. From 1913 to 1920 he was mayor of the Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith, and was an alderman on the borough council from 1918. Foreman married firstly in 1873 Marion, (died 1893), daughter of William Howe, of Kensington. He married his second wife, Lucy Beatrice Randall, daughter of A. J. Randall, in 1901. She became his mayoress and was the founding President of the Hammersmith Ladies Swimming Club in 1916.
During the First World War Foreman was actively involved in recruiting for the British Army. As mayor of Hammersmith he was the honorary colonel and founder of the 20th London Cadet Corps and helped raise the 140th Heavy Battery Royal Garrison Artillery and the 40th Divisional Ammunition Column. He also presented the Parkside Orthopaedic Hospital for Officers at Ravenscourt Park to the War Office. He was awarded the Order of the British Empire for his wartime services.
At the 1918 general election he stood as the Coalition Conservative candidate contesting the newly created constituency of Hammersmith North. Foreman faced Liberal and National Party opponents. He was comfortably elected to become Member of Parliament for Hammersmith North, with a majority of 3,243 votes. He was knighted in 1921, for "municipal and local services". He was re-elected as a Conservative at the following election in 1922 with a majority of 2,903 votes over his Labour Party opponent, J P Gardner. A further general election was held in the following year on the issue of tariff reform, and Foreman took the opportunity to retire from politics.
He died on 11 April 1924, aged 71, and was buried at Margravine Cemetery.
# Cesare Bassano

Cesare Bassano (1584–1648) was an Italian painter and engraver. He was born at Milan. He engraved:
* Portrait of Gaspare Aselli
* A Funeral Frontispiece of Francesco Piccolomini
* Nativity.
# Cernat (surname)

Cernat is a Romanian surname. It originates from the Slavic root ćern-, meaning "black", along with the suffix -at. Černat(a) is a Slavic cognate.
The surname may refer to:
* Alexandru Cernat (1828–1893), Romanian general and politician
* Florin Cernat (born 1980), Romanian footballer
* Paul Cernat (born 1972), Romanian author
# Cernatu Church

The Cernatu Church is a Romanian Orthodox church located on Bisericii Române Street, Săcele, Romania. Located in Cernatu, a former village that is now a district of Săcele, it is dedicated to Saint Nicholas.
According to a census of 1760-1762, the Romanian Orthodox community of Cernatu had no priest or church. It is likely they built a wooden church soon after, as a 1770 document mentions its being in need of repairs. In 1779, the parish wrote a letter in Romanian Cyrillic to the authorities of the Hapsburg Monarchy for permission to build a stone church. The favorable response came in Latin the following year, shortly before the Patent of Toleration was issued. The parishioners purchased land in 1783. No stone inscription plaque survives, so information about construction and ktetors is lacking. However, the church was likely also completed in 1783, the date carved into the stone vessel holding water for the priest to wash his hands.
The stone and brick church is shaped like a trefoil cross, with two apses. The church is 23 meters long, 8.5 meters wide and 10 meters high from foundation to roof. The walls are a meter thick. The interior is divided into altar, nave and narthex with porch. The floor is of square stone blocks, except in the altar, where it is made of fir beams. The semi-cylindrical brick nave ceiling is supported by four arcades, which also hold up the central, cylindrical spire. The windows are ogival. The spherical altar has a stone table. The wooden iconostasis features gilt decorations and icons in oil paint. The walls were repainted in 1994; only a small fragment of the original, Byzantine style frescoes survives.
The roof is made of tiles; it has been repaired once, in 1973. Above the windows on the exterior, there is a decorative row of bricks. Icons of saints, done in fresco by anonymous artists, surround the church on the outside; part of these have been effaced by exposure. The nearly square parish cemetery surrounds the church. It covers 3000 square meters and has a brick wall. The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, as are the bell tower and wall.
* Entrance
* Bell tower
* Artwork detail
# Cerithiella cepene

Cerithiella cepene is a species of very small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Newtoniellidae. This species is known from European waters. It was described by de Lima and de Barros, in 2007.
# Chain loading

Chain loading is a method used by computer programs to replace the currently executing program with a new program, using a common data area to pass information from the current program to the new program. It occurs in several areas of computing.
Chain loading is similar to the use of overlays. Unlike overlays, however, chain loading replaces the currently executing program in its entirety. Overlays usually replace only a portion of the running program. Like the use of overlays, the use of chain loading increases the I/O load of an application.

## Chain loading in boot manager programs

In operating system boot manager programs, chain loading is used to pass control from the boot manager to a boot sector. The target boot sector is loaded in from disk, replacing the in-memory boot sector from which the boot manager itself was bootstrapped, and executed.

## Chain loading in Unix

In Unix (and in Unix-like operating systems), the exec system call is used to perform chain loading. The program image of the current process is replaced with an entirely new image, and the current thread begins execution of that image. The common data area comprises the process' environment variables, which are preserved across the system call.

## Chain loading in Linux

In addition to the exec process level chain loading Linux supports the kexec system call to replace the entire operating system kernel with a different version. The new kernel boots as if it were started from power up and no running processes are preserved.

## Chain loading in BASIC programs

In BASIC programs, chain loading is the purview of the CHAIN statement (or, in Commodore BASIC, the LOAD statement), which causes the current program to be terminated and the chained-to program to be loaded and invoked (with, on those dialects of BASIC that support it, an optional parameter specifying the line number from which execution is to commence, rather than the default of the first line of the new program). The common data area varies according to the particular dialect of BASIC that is in use. On BBC BASIC, for example, only a specific subset of all variables are preserved across a CHAIN. On other BASICs, the COM statement can be used in conjunction with CHAIN to specify which variables are to be preserved as common data across a chain operation.
Chain loading permits BASIC programs to execute more program code than could fit into available program and variable memory. Applications written in BASIC could thus be far larger than the size of working memory, via a set of cooperating programs that CHAIN back and forth amongst themselves as program flow moves within the overall application.

## Chain loading in FORTRAN programs

Many versions of Fortran include a CALL CHAIN or CALL LINK statement that performs chain loading, preserving the contents of COMMON storage. This is not the same as the unrelated LINK subroutine in GNU Fortran.

## Chain loading in OS/360

OS/360 and successors use the XCTL (for "transfer control") macro for chain loading. Because of the operating system's memory management this may or may not result in replacement of the code of the calling program in memory.
# Zero matrix

In mathematics, particularly linear algebra, a zero matrix or null matrix is a matrix all of whose entries are zero. It also serves as the additive identity of the additive group of $m\times n$ matrices, and is denoted by the symbol $O$ or $0$ followed by subscripts corresponding to the dimension of the matrix as the context sees fit. Some examples of zero matrices are
    $0_{1,1}={\begin{bmatrix}0\end{bmatrix}},\ 0_{2,2}={\begin{bmatrix}0&0\\0&0\end{bmatrix}},\ 0_{2,3}={\begin{bmatrix}0&0&0\\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}}.\$

## Properties

The set of $m\times n$ matrices with entries in a ring K forms a ring $K_{m,n}$. The zero matrix $0_{K_{m,n}}\,$ in $K_{m,n}\,$ is the matrix with all entries equal to $0_{K}\,$, where $0_{K}$ is the additive identity in K.
    $0_{K_{m,n}}={\begin{bmatrix}0_{K}&0_{K}&\cdots &0_{K}\\0_{K}&0_{K}&\cdots &0_{K}\\\vdots &\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\0_{K}&0_{K}&\cdots &0_{K}\end{bmatrix}}_{m\times n}$
The zero matrix is the additive identity in $K_{m,n}\,$. That is, for all $A\in K_{m,n}\,$ it satisfies the equation
    $0_{K_{m,n}}+A=A+0_{K_{m,n}}=A.$
There is exactly one zero matrix of any given dimension m×n (with entries from a given ring), so when the context is clear, one often refers to the zero matrix. In general, the zero element of a ring is unique, and is typically denoted by 0 without any subscript indicating the parent ring. Hence the examples above represent zero matrices over any ring.
The zero matrix also represents the linear transformation which sends all the vectors to the zero vector. It is idempotent, meaning that when it is multiplied by itself, the result is itself.
The zero matrix is the only matrix whose rank is 0.

## Occurrences

In ordinary least squares regression, if there is a perfect fit to the data, the annihilator matrix is the zero matrix.
# Cho Eun-hee

Cho Eun-Hee (born May 20, 1972) is a South Korean handball player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
In 1996 she was part of the South Korean team which who the silver medal. She played one match as goalkeeper.
# James W. Reese

James William Reese (April 16, 1920 – August 5, 1943) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II during the Battle of Troina in the Sicily campaign.

## Biography

Reese joined the Army from his birth city of Chester, Pennsylvania in November 1941, and by August 5, 1943, was serving as a private in the 26th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division. On that day, at Mt. Vassillio, Sicily, Reese led his mortar squad in a defense against an enemy counterattack. When the hostile fire intensified, he ordered his squad to fall back while he manned the weapon alone. After expending all the mortar ammunition, he continued in the fight with his rifle until being killed. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 17, 1943.
Reese, aged 23 at his death, was buried in Chester Rural Cemetery in Chester, Pennsylvania.
After the second world war, the Reese Barracks in Augsburg, Germany, were named in his honor.
A United States Army Reserve Center in Upland, PA was named in his honor.

## Medal of Honor citation

Private Reese's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life, above and beyond the call of duty in action involving actual conflict with the enemy. When the enemy launched a counterattack which threatened the position of his company, Pvt. Reese, as the acting squad leader of a 60-mm. mortar squad, displaying superior leadership on his own initiative, maneuvered his squad forward to a favorable position, from which, by skillfully directing the fire of his weapon, he caused many casualties in the enemy ranks, and aided materially in repulsing the counterattack. When the enemy fire became so severe as to make his position untenable, he ordered the other members of his squad to withdraw to a safer position, but declined to seek safety for himself. So as to bring more effective fire upon the enemy, Pvt. Reese, without assistance, moved his mortar to a new position and attacked an enemy machinegun nest. He had only 3 rounds of ammunition but secured a direct hit with his last round, completely destroying the nest and killing the occupants. Ammunition being exhausted, he abandoned the mortar, seized a rifle and continued to advance, moving into an exposed position overlooking the enemy. Despite a heavy concentration of machinegun, mortar, and artillery fire, the heaviest experienced by his unit throughout the entire Sicilian campaign, he remained at this position and continued to inflict casualties upon the enemy until he was killed. His bravery, coupled with his gallant and unswerving determination to close with the enemy, regardless of consequences and obstacles which he faced, are a priceless inspiration to our armed forces.
# James W. Reid (mayor)

James William Reid (1917-1972) was an American politician who served as the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina.

## Early life

James Reid was born on September 15, 1917, in Asheville, North Carolina, to William Ernest Reid and Bessie Perkinson. During his early childhood, he lived across from Thomas Wolfe, who depicted Reid's family in his novel Look Homeward, Angel as the Tarkinton family. Reid attended the then Mars Hill Junior College (now Mars Hill University) and graduated from Wake Forest College (now Wake Forest University) in 1937 with a degree in physics.

## Commercial career

From 1938 to 1942, Reid worked as a staff announcer for radio stations in Asheville, Wilson, Greenville, South Carolina, and Raleigh. In 1942, Reid entered the Naval Air Force for World War II, where he served in the Aleutian Islands for two years and afterwards was a radar officer at Adak, Kodiak, Attu. He finished his service with the Bureau of Ships in Washington D.C. He returned to radio station WPTF in Raleigh as staff announcer, sports director, and weather reporter; in 1958 he became manager of the Raleigh office of WTVD television station. From October 1960 until his death he was senior vice-president of Branch Banking and Trust Company in Raleigh.

## Political career

Reid was sworn-in as the Mayor of Raleigh on July 1, 1963.

## Personal life

Reid married his wife, Mary Elizabeth Davis, on February 7, 1948, in Wadesboro, North Carolina. They had two sons, Michael E and James William Jr., and a daughter, Nancy K.

## Death

James Reid died on June 19, 1972, in Raleigh, North Carolina, from a heart attack at the age of 54.
# James W. Prescott

James W. Prescott (born January 21, 1934) is an American developmental psychologist, whose research focused on the origins of violence, particularly as it relates to a lack of mother-child bonding.
Prescott was a health scientist administrator at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), one of the Institutes of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1966 to 1980. He created and directed the Developmental Behavioral Biology Program at the NICHD where he initiated NICHD-supported research programs to study the relationship between mother-child bonding and the development of social abilities in adult life. Inspired by Harry Harlow's famous experiments on rhesus monkeys, which established a link between neurotic behavior and isolation from a care-giving mother, Prescott further proposed that a key component to development comes from the somesthetic processes (body touch) and vestibular-cerebellar processes (body movement) induced by mother-child interactions, and that deprivation of this stimulation causes brain abnormalities. By analogy to the neurotic behavior in monkeys, he suggested that these developmental abnormalities are a major cause of adult violence amongst humans.
Prescott also served as assistant head of the Psychology Branch of the Office of Naval Research (1963 to 1966) and as president of the Maryland Psychological Association (1970 to 1971). In 1973 he was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto.
Prescott's findings about origins of child abuse was innovative, groundbreaking, and controversial. In 1978, Hustler Magazine published an article by Prescott with shocking photos of actual abused children. Dr. Prescott supported this publication of his work in order to reach an audience outside of the scientific community. For this, NICHD fired Prescott, and he protested in front of the U.S. Senate and House Appropriations Committee. Prescott testified that "we are producing more criminals . . . 'by the manner in which we are raising our children ... than we will be able to house in all the prisons that we can build.'"
# David Crane

David Crane may refer to:

## People

* David Crane (historian) (fl. 1999–2013), British historian
* David Crane (lawyer) (born 1950), former Chief Prosecutor for the U.N. War Crimes Tribunal for Sierra Leone
* David Crane (politics) (born 1953), political advisor to Arnold Schwarzenegger and lecturer at Stanford University
* David Crane (producer) (born 1957), co-creator of the popular sitcom Friends
* David Crane (programmer) (born 1953), video game designer, programmer and co-founder of Activision
* David W. Crane (born 1959), American lawyer, investment banker and business executive
* David Crane (Frasier), the son of Niles Crane and Daphne Moon in the sitcom Frasier

## Other uses

* David Crane (comic strip), created by Win Mortimer
# David Craighead (politician)

David Craighead (March 8, 1931 – January 19, 2016) was a Romanian-American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 95th district of the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Craighead was born in Galați in Romania. He attended Baylor University.
Craighead served in the army during the Korean conflict. He was a columnist and newspaper reporter for newspapers in Oklahoma and Texas.
In 1973, Craighead was elected to represent the 95th district of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, succeeding A. J. Clemons. He served until 1989, when he was succeeded by Jim Isaac.
Craighead died in January 2016, at the age of 84.
# Zabrus foveipennis

Zabrus foveipennis is a species of ground beetle in the Pterostichinae subfamily that is endemic to Turkey.
# Attorney General Hogg

Attorney General Hogg may refer to:
* David P. Hogue (1815–1871), Attorney General of Florida
* Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham (1872–1950), Attorney General for England and Wales
* Jim Hogg (1851–1906), Attorney General of Texas
# Aristotelia pachnopis

Aristotelia pachnopis is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1939. It is found in Java, Indonesia.
# Caribou, Minnesota

Caribou is an unincorporated community in Caribou Township, Kittson County, Minnesota, United States.
The community is located northeast of Lancaster, along Kittson County Road 4, near its junction with Kittson County Road 53.
Caribou is located along the Roseau River in northeast Kittson County, 1.2 miles (1.9 km) south of the Canada–United States border.
Nearby places include Lancaster, Lake Bronson, Greenbush, and Badger.

## History

The community of Caribou was settled in the early 1900s by Ukrainian immigrants.
St. Nicholas Orthodox Church in Caribou is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.