OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kandıra

Kandıra is a municipality and district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 840 km$^2$, and its population is 52,874 (2022). Its neighbours are Kaynarca to the east, Adapazarı to the southeast, İzmit to the south and Şile to the west.

## Geography

Of the area of Kandıra, almost 50% is used for agricultural purposes, while almost 40% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4% is settled (buildings or roads and the remainder)

## History

Kandıra is first mentioned as Kéndri or Kándora. The state hospital of Kandıra was founded in 1949.

## Tourist attractions

Tourists discovered Kerpe when it was a small fishing port. It boasts a calm sea and sandy beaches, and is close to urban centers such as Istanbul, İzmit, and Adapazarı.
Kefken is 20 km away from Kandıra, and 8 km away from Kerpe. Kefken is the most advanced town among the coastal settlements of the district. Sea, beach and pine forests are the most important features. Kefken harbor is a typical fishing town. In the summertime the town gets 3 times crowded. 2 hours more or less, or 150 km away from Istanbul on the Black Sea coast, is this fairly secluded, quiet, and relatively unspoilt part of the region. The sea is suitable for swimming and there are unspoilt bays for picnics. Kefken Island is one of the few islands on the Turkish Black Sea coast. The island is at a close distance to the shores of Cebeci village. Genoese era fortress walls and water wells are worth to mention as the historical heritage of the island.

## Composition

There are 96 neighbourhoods in Kandıra District:
* Ağaçağıl
* Ahmethacılar
* Akbal
* Akçabeyli
* Akçakese
* Akçaova
* Akdurak
* Akıncı
* Alaybey
* Alefli
* Antaplı
* Avdan
* Aydınlık
* Babaköy
* Babalı
* Bağırganlı
* Balaban
* Balcı
* Ballar
* Beyce
* Beylerbeyi
* Bolu
* Bozburun
* Çakırcaali
* Çakmaklar
* Çalca
* Çalköy
* Çalyer
* Çamkonak
* Çarşı
* Cebeci
* Çerçili
* Dalca
* Deliveli
* Doğancılı
* Döngelli
* Duraklı
* Eğercili
* Elmacık
* Esentepe
* Ferizli
* Gebeşler
* Goncaaydın
* Hacılar
* Hacımazlı
* Hacışeyh
* Hediyeli
* Hıdırlar
* Hüdaverdiler
* İncecik
* Kabaağaç
* Kanatlar
* Karaağaç
* Karadivan
* Karlı
* Kaymas
* Kaymaz Erikli
* Kefken
* Kerpe
* Kırkarmut
* Kızılcapınar
* Kocakaymas
* Kubuzcu
* Kurtyeri
* Lokmanlı
* Mancarlar
* Merkez Erikli
* Mülküşehsuvar
* Nasuhlar
* Ömerli
* Orhan
* Özbey
* Pelitpınarı
* Pınardüzü
* Pınarlı
* Pirceler
* Safalı
* Sarıahmetler
* Sarıcaali
* Sarıgazi
* Sarnıçlar
* Selametli
* Selimköy
* Sepetçi
* Şerefsungur
* Seyitaliler
* Sinanlıbilalli
* Sucuali
* Süllü
* Tatarahmet
* Teksen
* Terziler
* Topluca
* Üğümce
* Yağcılar
* Yusufca
# Reduction of Hours of Work (Textiles) Convention, 1937

Reduction of Hours of Work (Textiles) Convention, 1937 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1937:
   Considering that the question of the reduction of hours of work in the textile industry is the second item on the agenda of the Session;
   Confirming the principle laid down in the Forty-Hour Week Convention, 1935, including the maintenance of the standard of living;
   Considering it to be desirable that this principle should be applied by international agreement to the textile industry;...

## Withdrawn

The convention was never brought into force, and was withdrawn at the ILO General Conference May 30, 2000.

## Ratifications

No countries ratified this convention.
# FIBT World Championships 1938

The FIBT World Championships 1938 took place in St. Moritz, Switzerland (Two-man) and Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany (Four-man). St. Moritz hosted the two-man event for the first time after hosting the four-man event previously in 1931, 1935, and 1937 while Garmisch-Partenkirchen hosted the four-man event previously in 1934.

## Two man bobsleigh

| Pos | Team |
| Gold | Germany (Bibo Fischer, Rolf Thielecke) |
| Silver | United Kingdom (Frederick McEvoy, Charles Green) |
| Bronze | Switzerland (Fritz Feierabend, Josef Beerli) |

## Four man bobsleigh

| Pos | Team |
| Gold | United Kingdom (Frederick McEvoy, David Looker, Charles Green, Chris MacKintosh) |
| Silver | Germany (Hanns Killian, Werner Windhaus, Bobby Braumiller, Franz Kemser) |
| Bronze | Germany (Gerhard Fischer, Lohfeld, H. Fischer, Rolf Thielecke) |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Germany (GER) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 2 | Great Britain (GBR) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Switzerland (SUI) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
# Leptostylus saxuosus

Leptostylus saxuosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tippman in 1960.
# Shaped by Fate

Shaped by Fate were a five-piece metalcore band from South Wales, UK. They were lauded as "the future of British Metalcore" by Kerrang! magazine which described the band's music as "some of the tastiest, heaviest, most shredding metal this island's seen in a long time".

## History

Shaped by Fate toured across the UK and Europe with the likes of Parkway Drive, Suicide Silence, The Chariot, Every Time I Die, Becoming the Archetype, Bury Your Dead, Raging Speedhorn, Funeral for a Friend and Sikth.
After a series of EPs, Shaped by Fate released their debut album The Unbeliever in 2007 through In At The Deep End Records and digitally via Distort Entertainment. The album was recorded in Foel Studios, Wales, with Andrew Schneider.
The band released a limited edition DVD filmed during the Parkway Drive Tour at the end of 2008, entitled Riffage and Wreckage.
In early 2011 Shaped by Fate signed a deal with Siege of Amida Records to release their second album (four years in the making) entitled I Fear The World Has Changed.

## Members

* Paul Fortescue - vocals (2006–present)
* Luke Grahame - guitar (2001–present)
* Richey Beckett - guitar (2001–present)
* Lee Jenkins - bass (2001–present)
* Carl Richards - drums (2007–present)

## Former members

* Ben Duffin-Jones - vocals (2001–2006)
* Gareth Eveliegh - drums (2001–2003)
* Nic Smalls - drums (2003)
* Owen Weeks - drums (2003–2005)
* Jay Thurley - drums (2005–2007)

## Discography

* Shaped By Fate (Demo 2002)
* The Fire Which In The Heart Resides (split EP, Mighty Atom Records, 2004)
* Brightest Lights Cast The Darkest Shadows (EP, Beniihana Records, 2005)
* The Unbeliever (LP, In At The Deep End Records, 2007)
* I Fear The World Has Changed (LP, Siege of Amida Records, 2012)

## Videos

* They Told Me You Were Dead (2008)
# Barkowo

Barkowo may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Barkowo, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Barkowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Barkowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Barkowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# Halina Zalewska

Halina Zalewska (1940 - 19 August 1976) was a Polish-born Italian actress.

## Life and career

Born in Poland, Zalewska was the daughter of a Polish noblewoman and an Italian businessman. She spent her childhood in Alassio, her father's birthplace. Her career was launched by winning the beauty pageant Miss Muretto in 1958. She was very active in genre films, but her career include also a few art films, including a minor role in Luchino Visconti's The Leopard.
Zalewska accidentally died in a fire in 1976, aged 36 years old. She was the half-sister of actress Ely Galleani.

## Selected filmography

* Leoni al sole (1961) - Paola
* The Leopard (1963)
* Hercules, Samson and Ulysses (1963)
* The Warm Life (1964)
* Triumph of the Ten Gladiators (1964) - Myrta
* The Long Hair of Death (1964) - Lisabeth Karnstein
* Amore mio (1964)
* Hard Time for Princes (1965) - Luisetta
* Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone (1965)
* Giant of the Evil Island (1965) - Dona Alma Morales
* Seven Dollars on the Red (1966) - Mexican Woman (uncredited)
* An Angel for Satan (1966) - Luisa
* Agente segreto 777 - Invito ad uccidere (1966) - Frida
* War Between the Planets (1966) - Janet Norton
* The Ugly Ones (1966) - Eden
* La morte viene dal pianeta Aytin (1967) - Lt. Teri Sanchez
* Joe l'implacabile (1967) - Betty
* Omicidio per appuntamento (1967) - Fidelia Forrester
* Gente d'onore (1967)
* Hate Is My God (1969) - Rosalie Field
* Nero Wolfe: Salsicce 'Mezzanotte' (1971, TV Series) - Dina Laszlo
* La polizia brancola nel buio (1975) - (final film role)
# Caryocolum kasyi

Caryocolum kasyi is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Afghanistan.
The length of the forewings is about 6 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from late June to early July.
# IANS (disambiguation)

IANS may refer to:
* Indo-Asian News Service, Indian news agency
* Institute of Air Navigation Services (IANS), a division of European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
# Balkan pipeline

Balkan pipeline may refer to:
* Balkan Stream, a natural gas pipeline from Turkey to Hungary
* Trans-Balkan pipeline, a natural gas pipeline between Turkey and Ukraine
# Kandym–Khausak–Shady–Kungrad project

The Kandym–Khausak–Shady–Kungrad project is a project to develop natural gas fields in Uzbekistan. The project is carried out by a consortium of Lukoil (90%) and the Uzbekneftegaz (10%).

## History

The production sharing agreement on the project was signed between Lukoil and Uzbekneftegaz on 16 June 2004 in Tashkent in the presence of the presidents of Russia and Uzbekistan. The agreement came into force on 24 November 2004 and will be in force until 2039. Output is to be shared on a fifty-fifty basis.
On 8 September 2005, the agreement on creating a consortium comprising Uzbekneftegaz, Lukoil, Petronas, Korea National Oil Corporation and China National Petroleum Corporation was signed in Tashkent. However, this agreement is not implemented.
The drilling of development wells in the Khausak gas field started on 1 July 2006. The Khausak field was inaugurated on 29 November 2007.
In March 2012, Lukoil signed a deal with a consortium of banks for a loan of up to US$500 million for the development.

## Development

Confirmed geological reserves of natural gas in the project area amount to 329 billion cubic metres (11.6 trillion cubic feet). It is expected that the project will produce 207 billion cubic metres (7.3 trillion cubic feet) of gas over its lifetime with maximum annual output of 11 billion cubic metres (390 billion cubic feet), expected to reach by 2013. Lukoil is aiming for peak gas production at Kandym-Khauzak-Shady of around 47 million barrels per year (7.5×10^$^6$ m$^3$/a) of oil equivalent in 2018.
The project comprises a gas processing plant, plans for drilling more than 170 production wells and construction of 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) of pipelines. In addition, the project foresees construction of two compressor plants, gas gathering stations, shift camps, high-voltage power transmission lines and a separate 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long railroad track, motorways and access roads.
# Reduction formula

A reduction formula is used to represent some expression in a simpler form.
It may refer to:

## Mathematics

* Formulas of reduction, the decomposition of multiple integrals
* Integration by reduction formulae, expressing an integral in terms of the same integral but in lower powers

## Physics

* LSZ reduction formula, a method to calculate S-matrix elements from the time-ordered correlation functions of a quantum field theory
# FIBT World Championships 1935

The FIBT World Championships 1935 took place in Igls, Austria (Two-man) and in St. Moritz, Switzerland (Four-man). St. Moritz hosted the four-man event previously in 1931.

## Two man bobsleigh

| Pos | Team |
| Gold | Switzerland (Reto Capadrutt, Emil Diener) |
| Silver | Czechoslovakia (Josef Lanzendörfer, Karel Ruzicka) |
| Bronze | Italy (Marchese Storza Brivio, Carlo Solveni) |

## Four man bobsleigh

| Pos | Team |
| Gold | Germany (Hanns Killian, Alexander Gruber, Hermann von Valta, Sebastian Huber) |
| Silver | Switzerland (Pierre Musy, Noldi Gartmann, Charles Bouvier, Josef Beerli) |
| Bronze | Switzerland (Reto Capadrutt, Fritz Feierabend, A. Lardi, H. Tami) |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Switzerland (SUI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 2 | Germany (GER) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
# Lerhupur

Lerhupur is a census town in Varanasi tehsil of Varanasi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The census town & village falls under the Ladhupur gram panchayat. Lerhupur Census town & village is about 8 kilometers North-West of Varanasi railway station, 305 kilometers South-East of Lucknow and 17 kilometers North-West of Banaras Hindu University.

## Demography

Ledhupur has families with a total population of 6,934. Sex ratio of the census town & village is 876 and child sex ratio is 902. Uttar Pradesh state average for both ratios is 912 and 902 respectively.
| Details | Male | Female | Total | Comments |
| Number of houses | - | - | 1,057 | (census 2011) |
| Adult | - | - | 5,808 | (census 2011) |
| Children | - | - | 1,126 | (census 2011) |
| Total population | 3,696 | 3,238 | 6,934 | (census 2011) |
| Literacy | 78.9% | 62.2% | 71.1% | (census 2011) |

## Transportation

Lerhupur is connected by air (Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport), by train (Varanasi railway station) and by road. Nearest operational airports is Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport and nearest operational railway station is Varanasi railway station (25 and 8 kilometers respectively from Lerhupur).
# Shanxi Airlines

Shanxi Airlines was an airline based in Taiyuan in the People's Republic of China. It operated scheduled domestic passenger services. In Nov 29, 2007, it merged with China Xinhua Airlines and Chang An Airlines to form Grand China Air, a subsidiary of Hainan Airlines.

## History

The airline was established in 1988 and started operations on 6 July 2001. Hainan Airlines owned a 92.51% stake in Shanxi Airlines, acquired in a deal approved by state authorities as part of China's airline consolidation. Hainan merged the airline into Hainan Airlines in 2009.

## Fleet

The Shanxi Airlines fleet consisted of the following aircraft (at February 2006):
Shanxi Airlines fleet :
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Notes |
| Boeing 737-700 | 3 | - | Taken over by Lucky Air |
| Boeing 737-800 | 3 | - | Taken over by Hong Kong Airlines |
| Dornier 328 Jet | 2 | - | |
| Total | 8 | - | |

## Accidents and incidents

* On 7 October 1988, a Ilyushin Il-14 (registered B-2418) undergoing a sightseeing flight for workers at a local knitting factory crashed shortly after takeoff from Linfen Air Base. 44 of the 48 passengers and crew, as well as 2 pedestrians, were killed.
# Lactobacillus johnsonii

Lactobacillus johnsonii is a species in the genus Lactobacillus identified in 1980 by John L. Johnson, an American microbiologist and his associates. Its type strain is ATCC 33200. It is part of the healthy vaginal microbiota and has been identified as having probiotic properties. The L. johnsonii strain La1 was one of the first cultures to be proposed as a probiotic dairy supplement in 1995 at the Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne. Although yeast and bacteria have been used in dairy products for fermenting purposes for centuries, the investigation and choice of a microorganism as a fermenting agent based on its health benefits was novel at the time. Today the probiotic culture is used in the LC1 yogurt products by Nestlé.
# Richard Pembridge

Sir Richard Pembridge (died 1375), KG, was one of the earliest appointed Knights of the Garter.

## Career

A Herefordshire man whose family background is uncertain, he fought at sea at the Battle of Sluys (1340) and alongside King Edward III at the Battle of Crécy (1346) and at the Battle of Poitiers (1356) during the Hundred Years' War. He served the king as Custodian of Southampton Castle in 1361 and then as Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports in 1370. He was appointed a Knight of the Garter in 1368. In 1372 he refused to accept the post of Lieutenant of Ireland and as a result was in some disgrace at his death in 1375.

## Marriage and children

He married Elizabeth le Strange (d.1362), a daughter of John le Strange, 2nd Baron Strange (1305–1349), of Blackmere, by his wife Ankaret le Boteler, daughter of William Boteler, 1st Baron Boteler (died 1334), of Wem. Elizabeth was the widow successively of Edmund St John, 3rd Baron St John (d. 1347), of Basing, who died at the Siege of Calais in 1347, and of Gerard de Lisle, 1st Baron Lisle (1304-1360)of Kingston Lisle. By Elizabeth he had one son:
* Henry Pembridge (1360-1375), who died at the age of 15 and predeceased his father.

## Death and succession

He was buried in the Black Friars Monastery in Hereford. As he died without surviving issue his eventual heirs were his nephews Sir Richard Burley and Sir Thomas de Barre.

## Monument

His monument with recumbent effigy was originally situated in the Black Friars Monastery in Hereford, but following the Dissolution of the Monasteries was moved to its present location in Hereford Cathedral. He is sculpted in life-size in alabaster, fully armed and wearing the Garter on his left leg below the knee. Fisher (1898) wrote:
    There are still traces of colour on this monument and gold remains on the points of the cap to which the camail is fastened, as also on the jewelled sword-belt. A sheaf of green coloured leathers is separated from the tilting helmet, on which the head rests, by a coronet of open roses. When the effigy was brought here it had but one leg left, and that the gartered one. A wooden limb was carved, and the workman showed such accuracy in duplicating the stone leg that the Knight was adorned with a pair of Garters for many years until Lord Saye and Sele, Canon Residentiary, presented the Cathedral with a new alabaster leg, and the wooden one was banished to a shelf in the library.
His steel helm, one of only four 14th-century knight's helms to survive, is held at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.
# Hylton Red House

Hylton Red House, known locally just as Red House (often spelled as Redhouse), is a suburb in the north east of Sunderland, England, situated between Downhill to the west and Marley Pots and Witherwack to the east.
The area, Hylton Red House, is one of the largest council housing schemes in England. In common with most estates in Sunderland, the street names all start with the same letter - 'R' in the case of Red House.
The whole of the estate falls within the SR5 postal code.
Red House is home to Red House Academy (on the site of the original Hylton Red House Comprehensive School), which was the third biggest school in Britain at one point educating over 3500 students. The school was eventually demolished in 2008 after finishing in the lowest 1% of schools in the U.K for 19 years concurrently. Northern Saints VA Primary school, (on the site of the original Hylton Red House Primary school) and English Martyrs Roman Catholic Primary School. Bishop Harland Church of England Primary school was closed down.
Pubs in Hylton Red House include Red House Workman's Club, The Last Orders (formally The Shipwrights Arms), Heppies Club (formally Hepworth & Grandage Club) and The Red House Community Centre.
# Balkan tambura

The tambura is a stringed instrument that is played as a folk instrument in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, North Macedonia, Serbia (especially Vojvodina) and Turkey. It has doubled steel strings and is played with a plectrum, in the same manner as a mandolin.

## The Bulgarian tambura

The Bulgarian tambura has 8 steel strings in 4 doubled courses. All the courses are tuned in unison, with no octaves. It is tuned D3 D3, G3 G3, B3 B3, E4 E4. It has a floating bridge and a metal tailpiece. The instrument body is often carved from a single block of wood.

## The Macedonian tambura

The Macedonian tambura has 4 steel strings in 2 doubled courses. It is tuned A A , D D (or another pitch but at the same relative intervals of a fourth) when playing melodies based on A tonic upon A drone. It also may be tuned G G , D D (or another pitch but at the same relative intervals of a fifth) when playing melodies based on G tonic upon G drone. Sometimes octave strings are used on the lower course. It has a floating bridge and a metal tailpiece. The instrument body is more often made from staves like a lute.

## Playing technique

It is played with a plectrum, playing short tones which are plucked from the top down, while playing long tones with fast tremolo. For solo playing or to accompany a singer, they are played in the traditional manner, which is to play a melody on the highest course whilst using the other course or courses as a drone. The more modern way, which is more used in orchestras or other groups, is to play single line melodies using all courses.

## Form

Both varieties of tambura have a long, narrow neck with 18 to 24 frets. The frets are nowadays always arranged in the normal Western 12 note scale, although in the past the Farkas system was also used. The Bulgarian tambura's body is rather shallow and flat, whereas the Macedonian tambura has a much more rounded, bowl-like body.
# Karel Ferdinand Irmler

Karel Ferdinand Irmler (born 18 March 1650, date of death unknown) was a Moravian lawyer and the first professor of secular law at University of Olomouc.
Irmler was born in Olomouc to a family of a local physician. He studied at the Faculty of Philosophy of University of Olomouc and Law at the University of Prague, where he defended his dissertation in 1674 and 1675. Since 1678 he was privately teaching law in Vienna.
He became the first professor of law at the University of Olomouc, giving the first lecture at eight in the morning on 3 January 1679 to six students.
The Moravian nobility forced the establishment of the Professorate of Law through a decree of Emperor Leopold I despite the opposition of Jesuits, who were in charge of the University. Irmler was paid 150 florins a year directly by the nobility and was obliged to teach only students immatriculated (enrolled) at the University. As Jesuits opposed the secular law lectures, he was forced to give lectures in his house. He held the post of professor of law until 1691. Late in his life, he was blind.