OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beihai Commandery

Beihai Commandery (Chinese: 北海郡) was a historical commandery of China, located in present-day northern Shandong province.
Beihai was created during Emperor Jing of Han's reign. According to Zhou Zhenhe, Beihai was likely established on six counties from Jiaoxi Kingdom, and gradually expanded its borders over the rest of Western Han as marquessates from neighboring kingdoms were added to the commandery. In late Western Han, it covered 26 counties and marquessates: Yingling (營陵), Jukui (劇魁), Anqiu (安丘), Zhi (瓡), Chunyu (淳于), Yi (益), Pingshou (平壽), Ju (劇), Duchang (都昌), Pingwang (平望), Pingdi (平的), Liuquan (柳泉), Shouguang (壽光), Lewang (樂望), Rao (饒), Zhen (斟), Sangdu (桑犢), Pingcheng (平城), Mixiang (密鄉), Yangshi (羊石), Ledu (樂都), Shixiang (石鄉), Shangxiang (上鄉), Xincheng (新成), Chengxiang (成鄉) and Jiaoyang (膠陽). The population in 2 AD was 593,159, or 127,000 households.
In early Eastern Han, the neighboring commanderies Zichuan, Gaomi and Jiaodong were merged into Beihai. In 52, it became a kingdom, and was gifted to Liu Xing (劉興), who was the adopted son of Liu Zhong (劉仲), a brother of the Emperor Guangwu, as his fief. His descendants held the kingdom until 206, when it was converted to a commandery again. The Book of Later Han recorded 7 kings of Beihai:
* Liu Xing (興), King Jing (靖) of Beihai, 52–65;
* Liu Mu (睦), King Jing (敬) of Beihai, 65–76;
* Liu Ji (基), King Ai (哀) of Beihai, 76–90;
* Liu Wei (威), 90–97;
* Liu Pu (普), King Qing (頃) of Beihai, 107–125;
* Liu Yi (翼), King Gong (恭) of Beihai, 125–140;
* King Kang (康) of Beihai, 140–?
In 140 AD, the kingdom administered 18 counties and marquessates: Ju, Yingling, Pingshou, Duchang, Anqiu, Chunyu, Pingchang (平昌), Zhuxu (朱虛), Dong'anping (東安平), Gaomi (高密), Chang'an (昌安), Yi'an (夷安), Jiaodong (膠東), Jimo (即墨), Zhuangwu (壯武), Xiami (下密) and Ting (挺). The population was 853,604, or 158,641 households.
From Cao Wei to Jin dynasties, Beihai's territory was much reduced, as a number of new commanderies including Gaomi, Chengyang (城陽) and Pingchang was created. In Liu Song dynasty, Beihai covered 6 counties (Duchang, Jiaodong, Ju, Jimo, Xiami, Pingshou) and had a population of 35,995, in 3,968 households. During Emperor Ming of Song's reign, the region was conquered by Northern Wei along with the rest of Song territories north of Huai River. The commandery was abolished in early Sui dynasty.
In Sui and Tang dynasties, Beihai Commandery became an alternative name of Qing Prefecture. In 741, there were 7 counties, namely Yidu, Linzi, Qiansheng (千乘), Shouguang, Linqu, Bochang (博昌) and Beihai. The population was 402,704, in 73,148 households.
# Dichomeris summata

Dichomeris summata is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. It is found in Assam in India, Yunnan in China and in Taiwan.
The wingspan is 12–16 mm (0.47–0.63 in). The forewings are whitish ochreous or yellow ochreous, sometimes strewn with strigulae of fuscous irroration (sprinkles). There is a streak of dark fuscous suffusion or irroration along the costa from the base to four-fifths and a black dot beneath the costa near the base. The stigmata are black, with the discal approximated, the plical often little marked, beneath the first discal. There is a small apical spot of dark fuscous suffusion. The hindwings are pale grey, thinly scaled anteriorly.
# Constitution of 1852

The phrase Constitution of 1852 may refer to either of the following national constitutions:
* French Constitution of 1852, which inaugurated the Second Empire under Napoleon III
* 1852 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii, under Kamehameha III
# Huaihejieshenyieryuan station

Huaihejieshenyieryuan (Chinese: 淮河街沈医二院站; pinyin: Huáihéjiēshěnyīèryuàn Zhàn) is an interchange station on lines 9 and 10 of the Shenyang Metro. The Line 9 station opened on 25 May 2019, and the Line 10 station opened on 29 April 2020.

## Station Layout

| G | Entrances and Exits | Exits B-G |
| B1 | Concourse | Faregates, Station Agent |
| B2 | Northbound | ← Line 10 towards Dingxianghu (Tawanjie) |
| Island platform, doors open on the left ||
| B2 | Southbound | → Line 10 towards Zhangshabu (Bainiaogongyuan) → |
| B3 | Northbound | ← Line 9 towards Nujianggongyuan (Terminus) |
| Island platform, doors open on the left ||
| B3 | Southbound | → Line 9 towards Jianzhudaxue (Huanggutunzhan) → |
# Leonid Labzov

Leonid Labzov (born October 23, 1973) is a Russian and Soviet former professional ice hockey defenceman. He is a one-time Russian Champion.

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |
| Russian Superleague |||
| Champion (Ak Bars Kazan) | 1998 |
# Bacton Group

The Bacton Group is a Triassic lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) beneath the southern part of the North Sea. The name is derived from Bacton on the Norfolk coast. These strata, which are up to 600 m thick are the offshore equivalent of the Roxby Formation and Sherwood Sandstone Group which occur in northeast England. The group comprises a lower Bunter Shale Formation of red and brown to grey mudstones and an upper Bunter Sandstone Formation of dolomitic sandstones with mudstone interlayers.
# Chesterfield Road

Chesterfield Road may refer to the following roads in England:
* Chesterfield Road (Ashford), Ashford, Kent
* Chesterfield Road (Bolsover), Bolsover, Derbyshire
* Chesterfield Road (Bristol), Bristol,
* Chesterfield Road (Dronfield), Dronfield, Derbyshire
* Chesterfield Road (Hounslow), Hounslow, London Borough of Hounslow in Greater London
* Chesterfield Road (Liverpool), Liverpool, Merseyside
* Chesterfield Road (Matlock), Matlock, Derbyshire
* Chesterfield Road (Sheffield), Sheffield, South Yorkshire
# Gus W. Weiss

Gus W. Weiss was a White House policy adviser on technology, intelligence and economic affairs who worked primarily on national security, intelligence and concerns on technology transfers to communist countries.

## Education

Weiss graduated from Vanderbilt University in Nashville. He received his MBA from Harvard University and taught at NYU where he also received a PhD in economics.

## Career

* Under Presidents Nixon, Ford and Reagan, Weiss served as a foreign affairs officer and on the U.S. National Security Council.
* Under President Carter, he was an assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Space Policy), a member of the Pentagon Defense Science Board and also of the US Intelligence Board.

## The Farewell Dossier

Weiss was also one of the people that worked on the Farewell Dossier. The USSR collected western computer and scientific technology through espionage and used it for its own national defense. One of the KGB defectors, Vladimir Vetrov, submitted documents collected by the KGB, and potential target items to the French. French president François Mitterrand then shared them with US President Reagan. Weiss suggested that the US export whatever was on the potential targets list to the USSR, but that these items be modified, meaning sourced from the CIA, the Defense Department and the FBI. The products would look genuine, but fail once the USSR started operating them. One successful notable result was a massive fire near the Urengoi starting point of the Trans-Siberian Pipeline in 1983 that could be seen from space.

## Death

Weiss died on November 25, 2003 under what the UK newspaper The Independent has characterized as "mysterious circumstances". His body was found on the walk beneath his upstairs apartment in the Watergate building in Washington, DC. The local medical examiner ruled his death a suicide, according to The Washington Post. The Post obituary, which came twelve days after the fact, was the first local report that Weiss had died. It gave no reason for the suicide determination. The Post published its Weiss obituary six days after his hometown newspaper, the Nashville Tennessean, had reported his death. The Tennessean did not know the cause of death. He was 72 years old.
# Dividend recapitalization

A dividend recapitalization (often referred to as a dividend recap) in finance is a type of leveraged recapitalization in which a payment is made to shareholders. As opposed to a typical dividend which is paid regularly from the company's earnings, a dividend recapitalization occurs when a company raises debt —e.g. by issuing bonds to fund the dividend.
These types of recapitalization can be minor adjustments to the capital structure of the company, or can be large changes involving a change in the power structure as well. As with other leveraged transactions, if a firm cannot make its debt payments, meet its loan covenants or rollover its debt it enters financial distress which often leads to bankruptcy. Therefore, the additional debt burden of a leveraged recapitalization makes a firm more vulnerable to unexpected business problems including recessions and financial crises.
Typically a dividend recapitalization will be pursued when the equity investors are seeking to realize value from a private company but do not want to sell their interest in the business.

## Example

Between 2003 and 2007, 188 companies controlled by private equity firms issued more than $75 billion in debt that was used to pay dividends to the buyout firms.
In their relatively brief period of management of Hostess Brands, maker of Twinkie brand snack cakes and other products, Apollo Global Management and C. Dean Metropoulos and Company added leverage and took a $900 million dividend, "the third largest of 2015" in the private equity industry.
# Beihai Tunnel (Beigan)

The Beihai Tunnel (Chinese: 北海坑道; pinyin: Běihǎi Kēngdào) is a tunnel in Banli village, Beigan Township, Lienchiang County, Taiwan.

## History

The tunnel was opened in 1968 for amphibious landing, 10 years after the end of the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis between the Republic of China Armed Forces and the People's Liberation Army. The construction lasted for around 3 years and claimed the lives of over 100 soldiers. After the Matsu National Scenic Area Administration was established, it took over the management of the tunnel. It renovated the interior of the tunnel and neighboring tourist spots, building an access road and protective railings.

## Features

The tunnel is 550 meters long and 9–15 meters wide. Visitors were once able to ride canoe along the tunnel but for several years the site has been closed to visitors due to falling rocks rendering it dangerous.
# Dhanpuri

Dhanpuri is a city and a municipality in Shahdol district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 India census, Dhanpuri had a population of 43,914. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dhanpuri has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82% and, female literacy is 68%. In Dhanpuri, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. This area is mainly known for coal mines and the Jwalamukhi temple. And the mosque which is famous in this area is Noori Masjid which is known for its unity between Hindu and Muslim brotherhood Amarkantak is 75 km distant.
# Constitution of 1911

Constitution of 1911 may refer to:
* Greek Constitution of 1911
* Monegasque Constitution of 1911
* Portuguese Constitution of 1911
# Huaijiao Wan

Huaijiao Wan (Chinese: 槐角丸) is a blackish-brown pill used in Traditional Chinese medicine to "arrest bleeding by reducing heat from blood in treating hematochezia". It tastes bitter and astringent. It is used where there is "hematochezia, hemorrhoidal swelling and pain". The binding agent is a water-honey solution. Each pill weighs about 6 grams.

## Chinese classic herbal formula

| Name | Chinese (S) | Grams |
| Fructus Sophorae (stir-baked) | 槐角 (炒) | 200 |
| Radix Sanguisorbae (carbonized) | 地榆 (炭) | 100 |
| Radix Scutellariae | 黄芩 | 100 |
| Fructus Aurantii (stir-baked) | 枳壳 (炒) | 100 |
| Radix Angelicae Sinensis | 当归 | 100 |
| Radix Saposhnikoviae | 防风 | 100 |
# Gaspar de Villarroel

Gaspar de Villarroel, O.S.A. (1587 – 15 October 1665) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (1659–1665), Bishop of Arequipa (1651–1659), and Bishop of Santiago de Chile (1637–1651).

## Biography

Luis Córdoba Ronquillo was born in Quito and ordained a priest in the Order of Saint Augustine. On 20 April 1637, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Santiago de Chile. On 2 May 1638, he was consecrated bishop by Francisco de la Serna, Bishop of Popayán, with Father Pedro de Ortega y Sotomayor assisting. On 11 December 1651, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent X as Bishop of Arequipa. On January 1659, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Alexander VII as Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas and installed in 1660. He served as Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas until his death on 15 October 1665.
# Bucculatrix eugrapha

Bucculatrix eugrapha is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Ontario. It was described by Annette Frances Braun in 1963.
The wingspan is about 8 mm. The forewings are brown, with whitish marks. The hindwings are dark.
# John Atkins

John Atkins may refer to:
* John Atkins (American football) (born 1992), NFL defensive end
* John Atkins (cyclist) (born 1942), English cyclist
* John Atkins (MP) (1754–1838), English politician
* John Atkins (naval surgeon) (1685–1757), English doctor and author
* John Atkins (writer) (1916–2009), British writer
* John Black Atkins (1871–1954), British journalist
* John C. Atkins (born 1970), American politician from Delaware
* John D. C. Atkins (1825–1908), American politician
* John F. Atkins (born 1944), Irish scientist
# Consort Chen

Consort Chen may refer to:

## Imperial consorts with the surname Chen

* Chen Jiao (166 BC?–110 BC?), wife of Emperor Wu of Han
* Lady Chen (fl.130 - 175), mother of Emperor Zhi of Han
* Chen Guinü (died 390), concubine of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin
* Chen Miaodeng (fl. 440s), concubine of Liu Yu (Emperor Ming of Liu Song)
* Consort Chen Farong (fl. 460s–470s), concubine of Liu Yu (Emperor Ming of Liu Song)
* Chen Yueyi (565?–650?), wife of Yuwen Yun (Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou)
* Consort Chen (Sui dynasty) (577–605), concubine of Emperor Wen of Sui
* Chen Jinfeng (893–935), wife of Wang Yanjun (Emperor Huizong of Min)
* Empress Chen (Jiajing) (1508–1528), wife of the Jiajing Emperor
* Empress Chen (Longqing) (died 1596), wife of the Longqing Emperor
* Consort Fang (died 1801), concubine of the Qianlong Emperor
* Dowager Noble Consort Wan (1717–1807), concubine of the Qianlong Emperor

## Imperial consorts with the title Consort Chen

* Consort Li (Zhenzong) (987–1032), concubine of Emperor Zhenzong of Song, known as Consort Chen in 1032
* Consort Chen (Yingzong) (1431–1467), concubine of Emperor Yingzong of Ming, known as Consort Chen after 1457
* Harjol (1609–1641), concubine of Hong Taiji, known as Consort Chen after 1636
# Human Interest Library

The Human Interest Library was a children's encyclopedia published from the 1910s to at least the mid-1960s.
Originally published in 1914 by the Midland Press of Chicago, the encyclopedia was organized topically, with each of its four volumes dedicated to a broad subject area. The first edition boasted Henry Waldmar Ruoff and Bishop Samuel Fallows. Further editions appeared in 1922, 1925 (when the set was expanded to five volumes), 1925 and 1926, by which time Ruoof and Fallows had been succeeded by Silas Edgar Farquhar.
In 1928 Farquhar released an extensively revised and expanded version he had been working on. The New Human Interest Library was published in six volumes, five dedicated to a broad subject area with the sixth being a study guide. Further editions were published in 1933, 1935 and 1937. In 1938 the set was sold to Books Inc., a subsidiary of the Publisher's Company who kept the encyclopedia in print at least until the mid-1960s. Farquhar was listed as editor as late as a 1952 printing, but had severed ties with the set around 1930.
The last known printing of the encyclopedia was in 1968, under the imprint of the International Book Corporation of Miami. It had 7 volumes, 1.5 million words, 2,800 pages, 10,000 entries and 3,000 illustrations. It was finally reported out of print in 1972.
# Arrigo Levi

Arrigo Levi (17 July 1926 – 24 August 2020) was an Italian journalist, essayist, and television anchorman.

## Life
### Exile to Argentina

Levi was from a family of Jewish descent (his father Enzo was a renowned lawyer in Modena). In 1938, when he was twelve he moved to Argentina with his family in order to escape Fascist persecution. In Buenos Aires he completed his studies and in 1943 he began his career in journalism, as the director of Italia libera (Free Italy).

### Career

After the war he left Argentina and returned to Modena with his family, just in time to take part in the national referendum, on June 2, 1946, for the Italians to choose between Monarchy and Republic. At twenty, he continued his journalism career in Modena and managed the newspaper Gazzetta di Modena for almost two years, until he chose to live in Israel. From 1951 to 1953, he was a correspondent from London for the Turin daily Gazzetta del Popolo. From 1953 to 1959, he wired his pieces from Rome to the Milan evening newspaper Corriere di Informazione.

### Important assignments

In 1960, Levi moved to Moscow. There, until 1962, he was a correspondent for the Corriere della Sera and then, until 1966, a correspondent for Il Giorno. In 1966 he moved to RAI, where he was the chief newscaster until 1968 (this was an innovative change on Italian TV, because previously the News were read by professional "speakers" and not by journalists). Levi returned to the press in 1969, as correspondent for the Turin newspaper La Stampa, a job he kept until 1973, when he became the managing director of that very newspaper and its evening edition Stampa Sera. He remained in Turin until 1978. From 1979 to 1983, he collaborated with The Times, editing its international section. In 1988, he was appointed Chief Editor of Corriere della Sera and from 1998 to July 3, 2007, he was Adviser for External Relations to two Italian presidents, first Carlo Azeglio Ciampi and then Giorgio Napolitano.

### Television

Besides the TV News which he led in the 60s, Levi was involved in numerous TV programs, mainly produced for RAI. Among these: Tam Tam (1981), Punto sette and Punto sette, una vita. Then, for Channel 5, Tivù Tivù with Angelo Campanella (from 1985 to 1987). Thereafter, again for RAI: I giorni dell'infanzia (1993), Emozioni TV (1995) and Gli archivi del Cremlino (The Kremlin Archives) (1997), a program which he also authored. In 1999, on RAI1, he directed C'era una volta la Russia (Once Upon A Time, Russia).

### Death

Levi died on 24 August 2020 in Rome at the age of 94.

## Quote

   Comprendi il valore della libertà solo nel momento in cui la perdi. E riacquistarla è la cosa più bella (You understand the value of freedom only once you've lost it. And to gain it again is the most beautiful thing).
# Bedrettin Tuncel

Bedrettin Tuncel (1910 – 19 March 1980) was a former academic and a politician in Turkey. He served in the Ankara University for 35 years. He also lectured on the history of Art in the conservatory of Ankara for 10 years. After 27 July 1963 he served as the speaker of Turkish National Committee of UNESCO

## Early life

Born in 1910 in Tirebolu of Giresun Province, he graduated from Galatasaray High School in 1932. For higher education he went to France to study French literature. He graduated from the Lumière University Lyon 2 in 1936.

## Political life

After 1960 Turkish coup d'etat in addition to his academic works, he was also appointed as the representative of universities in the Constituent Assembly of Turkey. In the 24th government of Turkey he served as the Minister of National Education. But during the democratic regime after 1961, he returned to his academic life.

## Books

Tuncel is the author of the following books. He also translated books from French.
* Seçme Yazılar ("Selected Essays"), İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Yayınları ISBN 975-363-334-3
* Tiyatro Tarihi (History of theatre), 1938
* Mahatma Gandi, 1869-1948 (1969)
* Fransızca'da Yunus Emre (Yunus Emre in French language),1971
* Atatürk ve 30 Ağustos Zaferi'nin İlk Kutlanışı (Atatürk and the First celebration of the 30th of August Victory),1972
* Büyük Zafer ve Afyonkarahisar (Great Victory and Afyonkarahisar),1972
* Nikola Kopernik, 1473-1973 (1973),
* Dimitrie Cantemir 1673-1724 (1975),
* Romanya'nın Sesi (Voice of Romania), 1979
He also translated books from French.
# Badis (fish)

Badis is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Badidae found in South Asia, Southeast Asia and China. These species have a sharp spine on the opercle, soft and spinous parts of the dorsal fin contiguous, three spines in the anal fin, tubed pores in the lateral line, villiform teeth and a rounded caudal fin. In addition, they differ from the related genus Dario by being larger and displaying more involved parental care.

## Species

There are currently 28 recognized species in this genus, but a comprehensive taxonomic review is necessary as some of the described species are inseparable based on available data.
* Badis andrewraoi Valdesalici & van der Voort, 2015
* Badis assamensis C. G. E. Ahl, 1937
* Badis autumnum Valdesalici & van der Voort, 2015
* Badis badis (F. Hamilton, 1822)
* Badis blosyrus S. O. Kullander & Britz, 2002
* Badis britzi Dahanukar, Kumkar, U. Katwate & Raghavan, 2015
* Badis chittagongis S. O. Kullander & Britz, 2002
* Badis corycaeus S. O. Kullander & Britz, 2002
* Badis dibruensis Geetakumari & Vishwanath, 2010
* Badis ferrarisi S. O. Kullander & Britz, 2002
* Badis juergenschmidti I. Schindler & Linke, 2010
* Badis kaladanensis Ramliana L, Lalronunga S, Singh M (2021)
* Badis kanabos S. O. Kullander & Britz, 2002
* Badis khwae S. O. Kullander & Britz, 2002
* Badis kyanos Valdesalici & van der Voort, 2015
* Badis kyar S. O. Kullander & Britz, 2002
* Badis laspiophilus Valdesalici & van der Voort, 2015
* Badis limaakumi J. Praveenraj, 2023
* Badis pallidus S. O. Kullander, Nóren, Rahman & Mollah, 2019
* Badis pancharatnaensis Basumatary, Choudhury, Baishya, Sarma & Vishwanath, 2016
* Badis pyema S. O. Kullander & Britz, 2002
* Badis rhabdotus S. O. Kullander, Nóren, Rahman & Mollah, 2019
* Badis ruber Schreitmüller, 1923
* Badis siamensis Klausewitz, 1957
* Badis singenensis Geetakumari & Kadu, 2011
* Badis soraya Valdesalici & van der Voort, 2015
* Badis triocellus Khynriam & Sen, 2013
* Badis tuivaiei Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004
# Bucculatrix eupatoriella

Bucculatrix eupatoriella is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Ohio and North Carolina. It was described in 1918 by Annette Frances Braun.
The larvae feed on Eupatorium perfoliatum. They mine the leaves of their host plant. Pupation takes place in a white cocoon.
# John Sherman Hoyt

John Sherman Hoyt (July 29, 1869 – March 30, 1954) was an American scouter and YMCA co-founder. He was National Council Vice President for Finance and a member of the National Council Executive Board for the Boy Scouts of America. He was on the Advisory Board for the YMCA. In 1897 he purchased a large Continent Island estate in Tokeneke, Darien, Connecticut. The Darien Scouts used this estate for their summer camps during the 1920s and 1930s and it became known as Treasure Island. In 1926 Hoyt received the Boy Scout Silver Buffalo Award. In 1947 he donated 18 acres of land to the Alfred W. Dater Council, which became the Five Mile River Camp and was thereafter sold. In 1966, 174 acres of the John Sherman Hoyt Reservation was donated and named in his honor. Other roles Hoyt held included national war work council conference member at army post, and a director and board member for the American Car & Foundry Company.
# Belville, County Westmeath

Belville is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 10 miles (16 km) east of Athlone.
Belville is one of a number townlands of the Irish civil parish of Ballyloughloe in the barony of Clonlonan in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 242 acres (0.98 km$^2$).
In the 1911 census of Ireland, it was spelt "Bellville" and there were four houses and fourteen inhabitants in the townland.