OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-638

German submarine U-638 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 16 October 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 614, launched on 8 July 1942 and commissioned on 3 September 1942 under Kapitänleutnant Oskar Staudinger.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-638 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-638 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 3 September 1942, followed by active service on 1 February 1943 as part of the 9th Flotilla for the remainder of her service.
In two patrols she sank one merchant ship, for a total of 5,507 gross register tons (GRT) and one ship damaged.

### Wolfpacks

U-638 took part in four wolfpacks, namely:
* Burggraf (26 – 28 February 1943)
* Wildfang (28 February – 5 March 1943)
* Raubgraf (7 – 15 March 1943)
* Amsel 1 (3 – 5 May 1943)

### Fate

U-638 was sunk on 5 May 1943 in the North Atlantic in position 54°12′N 44°05′W﻿ / ﻿54.200°N 44.083°W﻿ / 54.200; -44.083, by depth charges from HMS Sunflower. She managed to send a final signal about the attack and the fact she was sinking. All hands were lost.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) | Fate |
| 7 March 1943 | Empire Light | United Kingdom | 6,537 | Damaged |
| 5 May 1943 | Dollus | United Kingdom | 5,507 | Sunk |
# Professional Builder UK

Professional Builder UK is a UK-based trade magazine and website featuring building products, news, legislation updates, information on UK Building Regulations, step-by-step installations and product tests relevant to the small to medium-sized builder.
The magazine is published 11 times a year (with a joint July/August issue) and is owned by trade publisher Hamerville Media Group. It is free to the trade and is distributed via builders merchant counters in the UK. Professional Builder is edited by Terry Smith, and the products editor is Roger Bisby.
# Ghanteswari Temple

Maa Ghanteshwari temple is a temple located in Chiplima which is 30 km from Sambalpur city via NH 6 in Odisha, India as of now. A bridge is constructed (called Chaurpur bridge) at Mundoghat a strategically important place between Sambalpur and Chiplima. As of December 2018, it is fully functional. It has halved the distance between Maa Ghanteswari Temple and Sambalpur.
As the name suggests there are bells everywhere. People offer bells to the goddess Ghanteswari or the Deity of Bells, after fulfillment of their wishes. Many pilgrims from across the state visit the temple. It is known as the 'lighthouse without light', built by the early sailors, for whom the bells served as warning against heavy winds. The special significance of this place lies in the great number of small bells hanging all around.
Maa Ghanteshwari Temple is situated 33 kilometres (21 mi) southwest of the district capital Sambalpur on the bank of Mahanadi River. The Chipilima Hydro Powerplant (CHEP) is located near the temple on the same river bank.
# Promises Kept (Champion album)

Promises Kept is Champion's first full-length album. It was released in 2004 on Bridge 9 Records.

## Track listing

* "Promises Kept"
* "Looking Back"
* "Next Year"
* "Decisions Made"
* "Miles to Go"
* "The Truth"
* "Perspective"
* "Failure"
* "The Decline"
* "The Break"
* "Different Directions"
* "Every Word"
# Professional Oklahoma Educators

Professional Oklahoma Educators is an organization of thousands of teachers and school support personnel in Oklahoma. The POE state office is in Norman, Oklahoma. Professional Oklahoma Educators serves as an alternative to teacher labor unions and provides its members with liability insurance and legal advice on job-related matters. Professional Oklahoma Educators also lobbies on education issues before the Oklahoma Legislature and provides professional development opportunities for educators. Executive Director Ginger Tinney is registered as a lobbyist for the organization with the Oklahoma Ethics Commission. Professional Oklahoma Educators promotes itself as nonunion and nonpartisan, citing its policies against work stoppages, political endorsements and campaign financing. Until 2007, the organization was known as the Association of Professional Oklahoma Educators or APOE.

## History

Professional Oklahoma Educators was founded in 1988 by the late Superintendent Olan Isbell of Bennington Public Schools. Ginger Tinney has served as executive director since 1996.
# Germaine de Coster

Germaine de Coster (1895–1992) was a French printmaker.
Her work is included in the collections of the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, the National Gallery of Art, Washington and the Centre Pompidou, Paris.
# Pro Manager

Pro Manager is a 1984 baseball management video game published by The Avalon Hill Game Company. It was later published as Major League Manager by Spinnaker Software.

## Gameplay

Pro Manager is a game in which the baseball team manager can get a statistical profile for any player showing their previous performances, compile the full statistics of league leaders, compute the league standings from team records, and compile a printout for all league statistics.

## Reception

Johnny Wilson reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "Major League Manager probably plays the quickest of the products reviewed in this article, but I can't help feeling that this is because you can't make as many decisions in order to affect the outcome as you can in the other games."
# Problepsis neumanni

Problepsis neumanni is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Ethiopia.
# Prosopocera viridegrisea

Prosopocera viridegrisea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hintz in 1911. It is known from Kenya, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.

## Subspecies

* Prosopocera viridegrisea kenyana Breuning, 1958
* Prosopocera viridegrisea viridegrisea Hintz, 1911
# Prosopochaeta setosa

Prosopochaeta setosa is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Peru.
# German Bandy Federation

German Bandy Federation (German: Deutscher Bandy-Bund) is the governing body for the sport of bandy in Germany.
German Bandy Association was founded and became member of the Federation of International Bandy in 2013. An earlier German bandy federation had been a member of FIB for just over a year in 1990-1991.
A national rink bandy championship has been played every year since the winter of 2014/15.
Germany managed to qualify for the A Division of the 2017 Bandy World Championship and was able to defend this position so the Germany national bandy team will be playing in the A Division in 2018 too.
# German Eighth Army

German Eighth Army may refer to:
* 8th Army (German Empire)
* 8th Army (Wehrmacht)
# Promalactis scorpioidea

Promalactis scorpioidea is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is found in Jiangxi, China.
The wingspan is about 11.5-13.5 mm. The forewings are ochreous brown to ferrugineous. The costal margin black along the basal quarter. The markings are white edged with black scales. The hindwings and cilia are dark grey.

## Etymology

The specific name is derived from Latin scorpioideus (meaning like the tail of a scorpion) and refers to the sacculus curved distally like the tail of a scorpion.
# Proactenis

Proactenis is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Proactenis leucocharis (Meyrick, 1933)
* Proactenis sisir Diakonoff, 1941
* Proactenis tricomma Diakonoff, 1941
* Proactenis uniata Diakonoff, 1960
# Proacina

Proacina is one of eight parishes in Proaza, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
It is 5.14 km$^2$ (1.98 sq mi) in size, with a population of 19 (INE 2005).
# Prosopocera pseudotchadensis

Prosopocera pseudotchadensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1981.
# Protocol for Carrying Authentication for Network Access

PANA (Protocol for Carrying Authentication for Network Access) is an IP-based protocol that allows a device to authenticate itself with a network to be granted access. PANA will not define any new authentication protocol, key distribution, key agreement or key derivation protocols. For these purposes, the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) will be used, and PANA will carry the EAP payload. PANA allows dynamic service provider selection, supports various authentication methods, is suitable for roaming users, and is independent from the link layer mechanisms.
PANA is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) protocol and described in RFC 5191.

## Architecture's elements

PaC (PANA Client) The PaC is the client part of the protocol. This element is located in the node that wants to reach the access network.
PAA (PANA Authentication Agent) This entity represents the server part of the PANA protocol. Its main task is the message exchange with the PaC for authenticating and authorizing it for network access. In addition, in some scenarios, the PAA entity has to do other message exchange with the AAA server in order to offer the PaC credentials to it. In this case, EAP is configured as pass-through and the AAA server is placed physically in a different place than the PAA.
AS (Authentication Server) This element contains the information needed to check the PaC's credentials. To this end this node receives the PaC's credentials from the PAA, performs a credential check, and sends a packet with the result of the credential check. If the credential check was successful, that packet contains access parameters, such as allowed bandwidth or IP configuration. At this point, a session between PAA and PaC has been established. This session has a session lifetime. When the session expires, a re-authentication process is required for the PaC to regain network access.
EP (Enforcement Point) It works as a filter of the packets which source is an authenticated PaC. Basically, an EP is a network node which drops packets according to some parameters provided as results of the authentication processes. Typically, this function is applied by a communication device as an access point or a router. When an authentication process is done successfully, a key is installed in EP and PaC, establishing a session between EP and PaC. While this session is active (hasn't expired), the PaC can access network services for which it has been authorised. When the session expires, the PaC will have to indicate this situation to the PAA in order to perform re-authentication.
# Ghelna

Ghelna is a genus of North American jumping spiders that was first described by Wayne Paul Maddison in 1996.

## Species

As of June 2019 it contains four species, found only in Canada and the United States:
* Ghelna barrowsi (Kaston, 1973) – USA
* Ghelna canadensis (Banks, 1897) – USA, Canada
* Ghelna castanea (Hentz, 1846) (type) – USA
* Ghelna sexmaculata (Banks, 1895) – USA, Canada
# Huastec

Huastec can refer to either:
* Huastec people, an indigenous group of Mexico
* Huastec language (also called "Wasteko" and "Teenek"), spoken by the Huastec people
* Huastec civilization, the pre-Columbian ancestors of the modern day Huastec people
# Limestone Canyon virus

Limestone Canyon virus (LSC) is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA zoonotic Orthohantavirus that is genetically similar to Sin Nombre orthohantavirus which causes Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in humans. HPS causing hantaviruses are found only in the United States and South America.
LSC has not been shown to cause HPS in humans.

## Reservoir

The virus was isolated from the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii). Phylogenetic analysis of M genome segment showed LSC to be very distinct from other Peromyscus-borne viruses. Other Peromyscus-associated hantaviruses include Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV), New York orthohantavirus (NYV), and Monongahela virus (MGLV).
# Jindřich Uzel

Jindřich Uzel Germanized as Heinrich Uzel (10 March 1868 – 19 May 1946) was a Czech naturalist, entomologist and plant pathologist. For his pioneering monograph on the thrips, he has been called the father of Thysanoptera studies. The genus Uzelothrips in the family Uzelothripidae is named in his honour.
Uzel was born in Chomutov then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire but grew up at Hradec Králové (Königgrätz) where he took an interest in nature thanks to his father Vincenc, a high school teacher. He studied at Charles University in Prague followed by studies in embryology and histology at Berlin. He published a monograph on the Thysanoptera in 1895. In 1905 he was made a special member of the Royal Czech Academy. Uzel worked briefly at the State Botanical Garden in Peradenia, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) followed by work on plant pathology at the sugar beet production research station in Prague and as a professor at the Czech Technical College from 1920.
# Ghana Senior High School

Ghana Senior High School may refer to:
* Ghana Senior High School, Koforidua (GHANASS)
* Ghana Senior High School (Tamale) (GHANASCO)
# Communist Students (Autonomous)

Communist Students is a Marxist student group, autonomous from but politically close to the Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee). It was launched at a founding conference in December 2006, with the adoption of a constitution and programme, and election of executive members. At its 2010 conference members of Communist Students voted overwhelmingly to change its constitution and declared itself an autonomous organisation.
As well as single issue campaigns (such as Hands Off the People of Iran and Stop The War Coalition), Communist Students organises within other leftist student and youth groups, including the Labour Representation Committee's youth section, the Socialist Youth Network, and the National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts.
Central to their work is the free publication which they produce and distribute, Communist Student. In this paper they have covered issues ranging from student fees, Iran, Palestine, democracy on the left, and a debate on how to fight fascism. Additional to this newspaper they publish a number of articles and debates on their website.

## Political platform

As with most Marxist political groups, the core strategic aim of Communist Students is the revolutionary overthrow of capitalist society and its ultimate replacement with communism. This can, they argue, only be achieved through the mass action of the working class as a whole. In common with the linked adult organisation, the CPGB, the working class is here defined as "everyone who does not own or control the means of production" - as such, "the majority of students in a country like Britain are therefore part of the working class."
In contrast to other left-wing youth and student groups, who often emphasise the primacy of unity in action over programmatic discussion, CS argues that unity (and activity) must be based on programme, and that ultimately Marxism is uniquely able to provide that programme. Twinned with this is an emphasis on open discussion and debate, and CS conferences often focus on organised discussions on matters of programme. Political minorities are encouraged to fight for their views.
CS insists that the class struggle is an international struggle, and calls for an end to all military adventures it deems imperialist. However, it also stresses the importance of building active solidarity with the "working class progressive, democratic and secular forces fighting not only the presence of imperialism, but also their own ‘national’ oppressors".

## Criticism

Other groups on the far-left frequently criticise CS for being propagandistic, and failing to "advance a perspective and strategy for the concrete struggles of workers and students today", in the words of Revolution.
Common criticisms of the CPGB - in particular its arguments against a generalised No Platform anti-fascist policy - are often raised against CS as well.
# Grotta di Ispinigoli

The Grotta di Ispinigoli is a karst cave in the Supramonte range, near Dorgali, Sardinia, Italy.

## Overview

One of the largest caves on the island, it contains the tallest column, the tallest in Europe and one of the tallest in the world, measuring circa 38 m in total. The cave also includes the so-called Abisso delle Vergini ("Abyss of the Virgins"), a c. 60 m-deep hole leading to a 12 km series of caves connecting Ispingoli to San Giovanni su Anzu cave. Inside the cave were found traces of human bones and jewelry dating back the Bronze Age, the site was used as burial place by the Nuragic people.
At the bottom of the abyss, were found traces of the extinct giant otter Megalenhydris. This animal is one of four species of extinct endemic otters on the island.
# Guelma Belkheir Airport

Guelma Belkheir Airport was a public use airport located near Guelma, Guelma, Algeria. Google Earth Historical Imagery shows the 1,494 metres (4,902 ft) asphalt runway deteriorated and unusable, with junk, storage sheds, and vegetation.
# Brothers from Another

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Entertainment Weekly | C− |
| HipHopDX | 3/5 |
| Now | NN/NNNNN |
| Pitchfork | 6.8/10 |
| RapReviews | 7/10 |
Brothers from Another is the second studio album by American hip hop duo Young Gunz. It was released on May 24, 2005 via Roc-A-Fella Records. Production was handled by Chad Hamilton, Swizz Beatz, Boola, Bangladesh and Kanye West, with Jay-Z serving as executive producer. It features guest appearances from Pooda Brown, 112, Daz Dillinger, John Legend, Kanye West and Memphis Bleek.
The album peaked at number fifteen on the Billboard 200 and number four on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. By 2010, it sold 138,000 units in the US. Its lead single "Set It Off" peaked at number 52 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

## Track listing

Sample credits
* "The Knock is There" contains a sample of "She Locked It", performed by the Ohio Players, written by Belda Baine and Louis Crane.
* "Don't Keep Me Waiting" contains a sample of "See Me", performed by Luther Vandross, written by Luther Vandross and Marcus Miller.
* "Grown Man, Pt. 2" contains samples from "Tear Down the Walls", written and performed by Lamont Dozier.
* "The Way It Goes" contains a sample of "Love's Train", performed by Con Funk Shun, written by Michael Cooper and Felton Pilate.

## Personnel

* Tony Dawsey – mastering
* Chad "Wes" Hamilton – engineer (1, 3, 4, 6, 9-12)
* Gimel "Young Guru" Keaton – engineer (5, 8), mixing (1-6, 8-10, 12)
* Manny Marroquin – mixing (7)
* TP – engineer (2)
* Shane Woodley – engineer (7)
* Doug Wilson – mixing (11)
* Jeff "Bass" Wuollet – bass guitar (4)

## Charts

| Chart (2005) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 15 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 4 |
| US Top Rap Albums (Billboard) | 2 |
# Brown-necked raven

The brown-necked raven (Corvus ruficollis) is a larger bird (52–56 cm in length) than the carrion crow though not as large as the common raven. It has similar proportions to the common raven but the bill is not so large or deep and the wings tend to be a little more pointed in profile. The head and throat are a distinct brownish-black giving the bird its English name, while the rest of the plumage is black glossed with purple, blue or purplish-blue. Like the common raven, thick-billed raven and white-necked raven, it is one of the larger raven species. The feathers of this species often fade quite quickly to a brownish black (even the truly black feathers) and the bird can look distinctly brown by the time it moults. The feet, legs and bill are black. The dwarf raven was formerly considered a subspecies (Corvus ruficollis edithae) but this bird now appears to be closer to the pied crow (C. albus) than this species.

## Distribution and habitat

This species has a wide range across virtually the whole of North Africa, down as far as Kenya, the Arabian Peninsula and up into the Greater Middle East and southern Iran. It lives in a predominantly desert environment visiting oases and palm groves.
Food consists of a wide range of items, including carrion, snakes, locusts and other grasshoppers, stranded fish (in coastal areas), grain stolen from bags, dates and other fruits. It is quite fearless when not persecuted but is quick to become wary and shy if too much attention is paid to it. A 2009 Israeli study showed the species to cooperatively hunt lizards, with birds blocking exits while others hunted.

## Nesting

The nest is very much like the common raven's, and may be found in trees, on cliffs or in old and ruined buildings. The dwarf raven seems to prefer thorn trees for its nest building. There are usually 4–5 eggs laid and incubated over 20–22 days. The young usually leave the nest by the 37th or 38th day and can fly well by 42–45 days.

## Vocalisation

The voice is very similar to the common raven's consisting mainly of croaks, though higher in pitch; and a harsh "karr-karr-karr". In flight, it will utter a "kuerk-kuerk" call. Like all corvids, the Brown-necked raven is capable of vocal mimicry, however this behavior is mostly recorded in captivity and, although rarely, in the wild.

## Gallery

* Corvus ruficollis from United Arab Emirates
* Two brown-necked ravens in Egypt
* Corvus ruficollis - (MHNT)
# Bromobimane

Bromobimane or monobromobimane is a heterocyclic compound and bimane dye that is used as a reagent in biochemistry. While bromobimane itself is essentially nonfluorescent, it alkylates thiol groups, displacing the bromine and adding the fluorescent tag (λ$_{emission}$ = 478 nm) to the thiol. Its alkylating properties are comparable to iodoacetamide.

## Synthesis

Bromobimane is prepared from 3,4-dimethyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (a condensation product of ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate with hydrazine) by chlorination followed by basic treatment; with aqueous K$_2$CO$_3$ under heterogeneous conditions, the required syn-bimane, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione, is the major product. It can then be selectively brominated to the target bromobimane (with 1 equivalent of Br$_2$; or dibromobimane, if 2 equivalents of Br$_2$ are used):
Bromobimanes are light-sensitive compounds and should be kept refrigerated and protected from light.
# Brudermann

Brudermann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adolf von Brudermann (1854–1945), Austro-Hungarian general, brother of Rudolf
* Nin Brudermann, Austrian artist
* Rudolf von Brudermann (1851–1941), Austro-Hungarian general
# Bruderkrieg

Bruderkrieg (German for "brother war") may refer to:
* Saxon Brother War, 1446–1451
* Austro-Prussian War, 1866
# Brownsville, Fulton County, Kentucky

Brownsville is an unincorporated community in Fulton County, Kentucky, United States.