OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jensen's covering theorem

In set theory, Jensen's covering theorem states that if 0$^#$ does not exist then every uncountable set of ordinals is contained in a constructible set of the same cardinality. Informally this conclusion says that the constructible universe is close to the universe of all sets. The first proof appeared in (Devlin & Jensen 1975). Silver later gave a fine-structure-free proof using his machines and finally Magidor (1990) gave an even simpler proof.
The converse of Jensen's covering theorem is also true: if 0$^#$ exists then the countable set of all cardinals less than $\aleph _{\omega }$ cannot be covered by a constructible set of cardinality less than $\aleph _{\omega }$.
In his book Proper Forcing, Shelah proved a strong form of Jensen's covering lemma.
Hugh Woodin states it as:
    Theorem 3.33 (Jensen). One of the following holds.
       (1) Suppose λ is a singular cardinal. Then λ is singular in L and its successor cardinal is its successor cardinal in L.
       (2) Every uncountable cardinal is inaccessible in L.
# Adrien de Lezay-Marnésia

Baron Paul Adrien François Marie de Lezay-Marnésia (born August 9, 1769, in Moutonne, died on 9 October 1814, in Haguenau) was a French prefect.
He was the son of Claude-François de Lezay-Marnésia [fr] (1739-1800) and Françoise de Briqueville; his parents met in Forges-les-Eaux, in Normandy, and had roots in Spain.
When his father and younger brother went to the United States in 1790, Lezay-Marnésia stayed in Franche-Comté with his mother. In December 1791, he left to study diplomacy at the University of Groningen; he met his father and brother in Paris in August 1792 and settled with them in the family château in Saint-Julien.
Under the Directoire, he was forced to flee to Switzerland and returned to France on 17 May 1801. Napoleon I of France gave him a diplomatic mission to Hungary in 1803.
He was prefect of the département Rhin-et-Moselle 1806–1810 in Koblenz.
Appointed as prefect of the département Bas-Rhin on 12 February 1810, he organized the receipt of the Archduchess Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, wife of Napoleon, in March in Strasbourg. Thereafter, its director was focused on improving living conditions in rural areas.
# Jennifer Sterling

Jennifer Sterling is a Jamaican former cricketer who played as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler and left-handed batter. She seven One Day Internationals for the West Indies, all at the 1993 World Cup. She played domestic cricket for Jamaica.
Sterling appeared in all seven of her team's matches at the World Cup, an accomplishment shared by only three of her teammates. She scored 72 runs in total, the fourth-most for her team, behind Ann Browne, Carol-Ann James, and Eve Caesar. Her best batting performance came in the final match of the tournament, when she scored 26 from 72 balls against Ireland. As a bowler, Sterling took three wickets, and was called upon to bowl in all but one game (against New Zealand). Her best figures came in the match against Denmark, where she took 2/19 from 9.1 overs.
# Jennifer Stefano

Jennifer Stefano serves on the Forbes Nonprofit Council, and is an Advisory Council Member for Women in Leadership at The George Washington University School of Business.
Stefano felt disenfranchised by politics in 2008 when she discovered the nascent Tea Party at a local rally. She then joined Americans for Prosperity (AFP) and Americans for Prosperity Foundation (AFPF) and rose through their leadership ranks. Leaving AFP/AFPF in 2016, she joined the Commonwealth Foundation based out of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Stefano has been published in numerous newspaper and online publications.
Since 2022, Stefano has been a columnist for The Philadelphia Inquirer.
Stefano is a philanthropist and advocate for Donor-advised funds for various causes.

## Personal life

Stefano is married and she and her husband are Roman Catholics.
# Aeroprediction

The Aeroprediction Code is a semi-empirical computer program that estimates the aerodynamics of weapons over the Mach number range 0 to 20, angle of attack range 0 to 90 degrees, and for configurations that have various cross sectional body shapes. Weapons considered include projectiles, missiles, bombs, rockets and mortars. Both static and dynamic aerodynamics are predicted with good accuracy.
The code may be used to compute the center of pressure and static margin of missiles.
The Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act provides insights into how to use aerodynamic prediction codes such as Aeroprediction in the design of missile for US acquisition.
# Aeroprakt A-20 Vista

The Aeroprakt A-20 Vista is a family of Ukrainian tandem two-seat high-wing, strut-braced, pusher configuration conventional landing gear, ultralight aircraft, produced by Aeroprakt. The A-20 was introduced into the North American market at AirVenture 1999.

## Design and development

Design of the A-20 began in 1990, with the first prototype making its maiden flight on 5 August 1991, with the first production aircraft flying on 15 August 1993. The A-20 is constructed with a fiberglass forward fuselage and cockpit with aluminium wings and tail surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. The wing is fitted with half-span ailerons and flaps. The flaps are quite effective and lower the landing speed to 30 mph (48 km/h). Flaperons are available on some models. The conventional landing gear has steel sprung main gear legs.
The A-20 was originally designed for the 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503 two-stroke aircraft engine. The low drag airframe produces acceptable performance on this low power output. Optional engines include the 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 and 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912ULS

## Operational history

An A-20 won the European Microlight Championship in 2002.

## Variants
### A-20 Vista

    Initial version with a 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503 engine.

### A-20 Vista STOL

    STOL version with a 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 engine and standard slotted flaperons.

### A-20 Vista SS

    Higher cruise speed version with a reduced span 33.4 ft (10.2 m) wing and a 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 engine.

### A-20 Cruiser

    Higher cruise speed version with a reduced span 33.4 ft (10.2 m) wing and a 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912ULS engine.

### A-20 Cruiser-S

    Higher cruise speed version with a reduced span 31.0 ft (9.4 m) wing, a 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912ULS engine and standard slotted flaperons.

### A-26 Vulcan

    A highly modified twin engine pusher.

### A-30 Vista Speedster

    A high performance derivative of the A-20.

## Specifications (A-20)

Data from Cliche and Lednicer
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger in tandem seating
* Length: 22 ft 0 in (6.71 m)
* Wingspan: 38 ft 0 in (11.58 m)
* Height: 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
* Wing area: 172 sq ft (16.0 m$^2$)
* Airfoil: TsAGI P-IIIA-15
* Empty weight: 484 lb (220 kg)
* Gross weight: 990 lb (449 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 9.5 US Gallons (36 litres)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 503 , 50 hp (37 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 93 mph (150 km/h, 81 kn)
* Cruise speed: 70 mph (110 km/h, 61 kn)
* Stall speed: 30 mph (48 km/h, 26 kn)
* g limits: +4/-2
* Rate of climb: 990 ft/min (5.0 m/s)
* Rate of sink: 356 ft/min (1.81 m/s)
# Aeroprakt A-24 Viking

The Aeroprakt A-24 Viking is a Ukrainian three-seat light-sport amphibian designed for home building and marketed in kit form by Aeroprakt.

## Design and development

The Viking is a strut-braced high-wing monoplane amphibian. A Rotax 912ULS piston engine driving a tractor propeller is mounted on the leading edge of the wing above the cabin. The enclosed cabin has side-by-side seating with an additional single seat behind, the rear seat can be removed to fit luggage. It has a retractable landing gear with the main wheels moving above the water line on the fuselage side rather than retracting into the fuselage.
The design uses the same airfoil as the Antonov An-2 biplane, a TsAGI R-11 (14%).
No regular production was ongoing in 2015 and the aircraft was at that time only produced on request.

## Specifications

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 2 passengers
* Length: 7.78 m (23 ft 11 in)
* Wingspan: 11 m (36 ft 3 in)
* Height: 3.21 m (10 ft 6.5 in)
* Wing area: 15 m$^2$ (161.2 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 440 kg (969 lb)
* Gross weight: 750 kg (1,652 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 912ULS , 75 kW (100 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 165 km/h (102 mph, 89 kn)
* Stall speed: 70 km/h (43 mph, 37 kn)
* Range: 800 km (432 mi, 375 nmi)
* Endurance: 4 hours 30 minutes
* Rate of climb: 4.0 m/s (800 ft/min)
# Aeroprakt A-32 Vixxen

The Aeroprakt A-32 is a Ukrainian two-seat, high-wing, tricycle gear ultralight aircraft that was designed by Yuri Yakovlev and is manufactured by Aeroprakt. In Australia the A-32 is referred to as the Vixxen.
The A-32 is a development of the A-22 Foxbat; however unlike the earlier aircraft, which can be purchased in kit form or fully assembled, the A-32 Vixxen is supplied only as a kit in the UK, or ready-to-fly factory-built aircraft in 31 other countries

## Design and development

The A-32 was developed from A-22 Foxbat during three years of research and development.
To increase cruise speed while employing the same 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912ULS engine as the A-22, the A-32 has a new flush wing-to-body fairing design and all flying horizontal stabilizer, as well as moulded baffling for improved engine airflow and cooling. Other changes include a wing that is 10 cm (3.9 in) shorter, shorter lift struts and better wing tank fairing. This results in a cruise speed that is 20 kn (37 km/h) faster than the A-22.
The prototype A-32 was completed in January 2014 and the first production aircraft was shown in April 2015. It was then transported to Australia, first flying at Moorabbin on 20 July 2015.

## Variants
### Aeroprakt A-32L

    An ultralight variant of the A-32 with a MTOW of 450 kg (or 472.5 kg with recovery parachute system) to comply with European regulations, although not UK legal. Central control Y-stick installed as default, twin control yokes offered as an option.

## Specifications (A-32 Vixxen)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Length: 6.27 m (20 ft 7 in)
* Wingspan: 9.45 m (31 ft 0 in)
* Height: 2.22 m (7 ft 3 in)
* Empty weight: 320 kg (705 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 600 kg (1,323 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 95 L (25 US gal; 21 imp gal) usable in two tanks
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 912ULS 4-cylinder horizontally opposed air-cooled piston aircraft engine, 75 kW (100 hp)
* Propellers: 3-bladed KievProp 3-blade ground-adjustable prop with metal leading edges
Performance
* Cruise speed: 213 km/h (132 mph, 115 kn)
* Stall speed: 50 km/h (31 mph, 27 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 232 km/h (144 mph, 125 kn)
* Endurance: 4.5 hours
* g limits: +4/-2
Avionics
* VHF 760 dual watch radio
# Aeroprakt A-36 Vulcan

The Aeroprakt A-36 Vulcan is a Ukrainian light aircraft, designed and produced by Aeroprakt of Kyiv. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

## Design and development

The A-36 is a development of the Aeroprakt A-26 Vulcan. The design goals for the A-36 include operations over hostile terrain, the ability to take-off and land with only one engine running and the ability to operate from short runways. The resulting design features a strut-braced high-wing, T-tail, a two-seats in tandem configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear with wheel pants and twin engines in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is of mixed construction, with the forward fuselage made from fibreglass and the tail cone from aluminium sheet. The wings and tail are aluminium, while the main landing gear legs, engine cowlings and fairings are fibreglass. Its 11.4 m (37.4 ft) span wing has an area of 15.7 m$^2$ (169 sq ft) and mounts flaps. The standard engines used are the 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912S four-stroke powerplant.
The A-36 has an empty weight of 450 kg (990 lb) and a gross weight of 750 kg (1,650 lb), giving a useful load of 300 kg (660 lb).

## Operational history

By December 2012 one example had been registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration. It had previously been publicly exhibited at the April 2009 Sun 'n Fun aviation gathering at Lakeland, Florida.

## Specifications (A-36 Vulcan)

Data from Bayerl
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Wingspan: 11.4 m (37 ft 5 in)
* Wing area: 15.7 m$^2$ (169 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 450 kg (992 lb)
* Gross weight: 750 kg (1,653 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 120 litres (26 imp gal; 32 US gal)
* Powerplant: 2 × Rotax 912S four cylinder, liquid and air-cooled, four stroke aircraft engine, 75 kW (101 hp) each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 260 km/h (160 mph, 140 kn)
* Cruise speed: 220 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
* Stall speed: 70 km/h (43 mph, 38 kn)
* Rate of climb: 11 m/s (2,200 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 47.8 kg/m$^2$ (9.8 lb/sq ft)
# Aeropostal Cargo de México

Aeropostal Cargo de Mexico was a cargo airline based in Mexico City, Mexico, operating on-demand flights within the Americas using leased aircraft.

## History

The airline was founded by Jesus Villegas and started operations in Mexico City on September 6, 2001..
In 2010, the airline was shut down.

## Fleet

As of March 2010 the Aeropostal Cargo de Mexico fleet consisted of only one Douglas DC-8-63F aircraft.:
# Jeremy I

Jeremy I was king of the Mosquito Nation, who came to power following the death of his father, Oldman, in 1686 or 1687. According to an English visitor, W. M., in 1699, he was about 60 years old at that time, making his birth year about 1639.

## Land and gentry

Oldman had received a commission to protect Englishmen from the governor of Jamaica around 1655, and according to W. M. he could speak a little English and was very courteous to Englishmen. His court was located near Cabo Gracias a Dios near the Nicaragua-Honduras border, and consisted only of a few houses, not much different from those of his subjects. He had two "very sickly wives" and three daughters. He, or one of the following kings, might be the last person to hold the title of king who was of fully indigenous ancestry, as later rulers would be Miskitos Zambos, the descendants of African slaves who survived a shipwreck in the region in the mid-seventeenth century and intermarried with the indigenous people. M. W. describes him as dark brown with long hair, and his daughters as being handsome, but of nutmeg complexion.
# Aerolux Light Corporation

Aerolux Light Corporation was a manufacturer of artful gas-discharge light bulbs from the 1930s through the 1970s. Aerolux made these bulbs in a factory in New York City. US Patents dating back to the 1930s describe the design and construction of these bulbs.
Philip J. Kayatt (1896–1975) was president of the company.

## Description

Aerolux gas discharge light bulbs contained low pressure gas, either neon or argon, or a mixture of the two. Also within the bulb were metal sculptures coated with phosphors. These phosphors fluoresced when excited by glow discharge. Because glow discharge occurs readily at 110-120 volts AC, one could use these bulbs in standard household lamps in the United States.
The phosphors used in the bulbs were somewhat brittle, necessitating care in handling. Shaking or jarring the bulbs would cause flaking and migration of the phosphors to other parts of the metallic sculpture. Such handling would leave non-fluorescing portions of the sculpture and/or migration of phosphors to other surfaces within the bulb.
Aerolux bulbs consumed about 3-5 watts of power. The bulbs had high yield of light produced versus electricity consumed, generally in the range of 50-60 lumens/watt, compared to 12-18 lumens/watt for a tungsten filament incandescent bulb.
# Afonso Sanches, Lord of Albuquerque

Afonso Sanches, Lord of Albuquerque (24 May 1289 – 2 November 1329), also known as Alfonso Sanches, was a Portuguese nobleman, Lord of Cerva and Alburquerque.

## Biography

Born in Portugal, he was the second and favorite son of King Denis of Portugal. His mother was Aldonça Rodrigues Talha. He was also half brother of King Afonso IV. Afonso was married to Teresa Martins Telo, daughter of João Afonso Telo, the first count of Barcelos, and of Teresa Sánchez, an illegitimate daughter of Sancho IV the Brave, king of Castile and León. They were the parents of João Afonso de Albuquerque.
Afonso and his wife Teresa were the founders of the Monastery of Santa Clara in Vila do Conde where both were buried.
The Catholic Church opened a cause for the beatification of Afonso and Teresa on 17 January 1723, and the two were formally declared Servants of God.
# Aethiopicodynerus bimammilatus

Aethiopicodynerus bimammilatus is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae. It was described by Gusenleitner in 1987.
# Aethiopicodynerus capensis

Aethiopicodynerus capensis is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae. It was described by de Saussure in 1856.
# Aethiopia lineolata

Aethiopia lineolata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939.
# Aerofan

Owned and founded by Fernando González Sanchez, Aerofan FTO is an approved Flight Training Organisation, operating from Madrid Cuatro Vientos Airport, Spain. Aerofan FTO currently operates one Cessna 152, one Cessna 172 and one Cessna 310 multi-engine aircraft. The flying school is approved for private and commercial pilot training. Flight attendant courses are also available.

## History

Aerofan was founded in 1992 operating just one Cessna 152 for private pilot courses. Between 2002 and 2007 the flying school experienced several years of solid growth, largely due to its high percentage of non-Spanish students. During these years Aerofan FTO was one of the leading pilot schools in Spain focused on international flight training.
In 2009 owner Fernando González launched IMD Airways. For a period of two years IMD operated an MD87 in wet-lease operations. Since the launching of IMD, Aerofan FTO saw no further expansion or growth. Since 2011 Aerofan has seen a significant fleet reduction and now operates only three aircraft. Its other aircraft have all been sold, or scrapped.
IMD Airways operations have ceased. Aerofan however continues to operate.

## Fleet

The Aerofan fleet includes the following aircraft (as of 11 January 2012) :

### FTO

* 1 Cessna 152
* 3 Cessna 172
* 1 Cessna 172RG
* 1 Cessna 310
* 1 Piper Seneca

### Airline

* 1 MD-87
# Jeti-Ögüz Rocks

The Jeti-Ögüz Rocks is a geological protected area (nature monument) located in Jeti-Ögüz District of Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. It was established in 1975 with a purpose of conservation of a unique geological formation – sheer cliffs composed of Tertiary red conglomerates. The name derives from the rock formation's resemblance to seven bulls and a legend about a khan's unfaithful wife. Another near-by formation is called the 'broken heart'. The rock formation is a well-known landmark in Kyrgyzstan and is seen as a national or regional symbol, and hence is the subject of paintings, songs, and even music videos. The surrounding area is known for its natural environment. The Jeti-Ögüz resort and sanatorium can be found near the foot of the rocks.
# Affairs of the Heart (TV series)

Affairs of the Heart is a British sitcom that aired on ITV from 1983 to 1985. Starring Derek Fowlds, it was written by Paul Daneman. It was made for the ITV network by Granada Television.

## Cast

* Derek Fowlds - Peter Bonamy
* Sarah Badel - Jane Bonamy
* Elizabeth Anson - Rosemary Bonamy (pilot)
* Holly Aird - Rosemary Bonamy (series)

## Special guests

* Carol Barnes - Herself
* David Suchet - Peter Bonamy's Dad
* Peter Sallis - Himself
* Aidan Cook - Himself
* Nicholas Owen - Himself

## Background

Affairs of the Heart tells the semi-autobiographical tale of Peter Bonamy who has a heart attack. The writer, Paul Daneman, had suffered a heart attack while performing in the West End, and by chance he had been portraying a man suffering from a heart attack. During Daneman's recovery he had to delay acting again, and so took up writing. Affairs of the Heart was the result.

## Plot

After Peter Bonamy suffers a heart attack, and subsequently leaves hospital, he leads his life more carefully than before. His wife Jane and daughter Rosemary molly-coddle him, and he also attends a heart-attack survivors group. Bonamy, from the comfort of his south London home, finds himself doing little, especially as he can not even drive his Porsche.
Unusually for a television sitcom, there was no audience at the recordings.

## Episodes
### Pilot (1983)

* Pilot (23 August 1983)

### Series One (1985)

* Episode One (22 July 1985)
* Episode Two (29 July 1985)
* Episode Three (5 August 1985)
* Episode Four (12 August 1985)
* Episode Five (19 August 1985)
* Episode Six (26 August 1985)
# Afrothismia

Afrothismia is a genus of myco-heterotrophic plants in the family Burmanniaceae, first described as a genus in 1906. It is native to tropical Africa.
The genus name of Afrothismia is in honour of Thomas Smith (x - 1825), who was an English expert at microscopy.

## Species

As accepted by Kew;
* Afrothismia amietii Cheek - Cameroon
* Afrothismia baerae Cheek - Kenya
* Afrothismia foertheriana T.Franke, Sainge & Agerer - Cameroon
* Afrothismia fungiformis Sainge & Kenfack
* Afrothismia gesnerioides H.Maas - Cameroon
* Afrothismia hydra Sainge & T.Franke - Cameroon
* Afrothismia insignis Cowley - Tanzania
* Afrothismia korupensis Sainge & T.Franke - Cameroon
* Afrothismia kupensis Cheek & S.A.Williams
* Afrothismia mhoroana Cheek - Morogoro in Tanzania
* Afrothismia pachyantha Schltr. - Cameroon
* Afrothismia pusilla Sainge & Kenfack
* Afrothismia saingei T.Franke - Cameroon, Gabon
* Afrothismia winkleri (Engl.) Schltr. - Cameroon, Nigeria, Uganda
* Afrothismia zambesiaca Cheek - Malawi
# Afrothismia insignis

Afrothismia insignis is a member of the genus Afrothismia. It is endemic to Tanzania. The species is vulnerable due to habitat loss and potential future threats.
# Jharan

Jharan is a village in Dang district, Gujarat, India. It is located in the Subir taluka.
According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 731.
# African Geographical Review

The African Geographical Review is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the American Association of Geographers' Africa Specialty Group.
The journal was originally established in 1963 at Makerere University (Uganda) as the East African Geographical Review. Due to political turmoil in Uganda, the journal had to suspend publication for a number of years. It was renamed as the African Geographical Review in 2000. Since 2012 it is published by Taylor & Francis.
# Agbaja mine

The Agbaja mine is a large iron mine located in central Nigeria in the Kogi State. Agbaja represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Nigeria and in the world having estimated reserves of 1.25 billion tonnes of ore grading 48% iron metal.
# Jim Figgins

James Hugh Blair Figgins (8 March 1893 – 27 December 1956) was a Scottish trade unionist.
Figgins was born in Largs in Ayrshire, and began working on the railways, initially as a ticket collector, then later as a signalman. During World War I, he was a conscientious objector. He came to prominence as a member of the National Union of Railwaymen (NUR), first attending its annual general meeting in 1924. In 1931, he was elected to the union's executive, and from 1938 he worked full-time for the union, as a district organiser.
In 1943, Figgins became the assistant to John Benstead, the union's general secretary. When Benstead resigned, in 1948, Figgins was elected as his replacement, serving until his retirement in 1953. He was also elected to replace Benstead on the General Council of the Trades Union Congress. During this time, he was associated with the left-wing of the Labour Party, and frequently disagreed with his counterparts in the Railway Clerks' Association and the Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen.