OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Fan

Robert Fan Wenzhao (1893-1979) was an important figure among first-generation twentieth century Chinese architects, specifically for Shanghai’s architectural modernist movement in the 1930s.

## Biography

Born in Shanghai, Fan got a degree in engineering from St John's University in 1917. After working at St John's as engineering professor for two years, Fan pursued a Bachelor's degree in architecture from the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1922. There, he studied under Paul Philippe Cret, who had been trained in the Beaux-Arts style. Fan travelled extensively in Europe and America, acquiring a taste for modern, Western architectural styles, such as Art Deco.
Upon his return to Shanghai in 1922, Fan joined the Sino-American engineering venture Lam, Glines & Company (允元公司) of Von-Fong Lam (1891–1987). Three years later he opened one of the first Chinese architectural practices in Shanghai with fellow University of Pennsylvania alumnus Zhao Chen. Fan and Zhao designed the Nanking Theater in 1930 (now called the Shanghai Concert Hall), near People’s Square, before parting ways to start separate firms.
The following year, Fan also designed the Chinese YMCA (now the Marvel Hotel Shanghai), combining typical elements of Chinese architecture with Modern lines. He is also responsible for the Art Deco Majestic Theatre on Jiangning Lu in Jingan, built in 1941. Beyond his own firm, Fan worked with the government on several occasions. He served as a member of the Committee of the Nanjing City Planning Bureau in 1929, and was a technical consultant for the Ministry of Railways in Nanjing in 1932; where he was responsible for both the Railway and Health Ministries.
Eventually, Fan abandoned his Beaux-Arts training to embrace Modernist thinking. In 1933, he completed the Yafa Court apartment complex (253 – 267 Wuyuan Road). These apartments were advertised as having “modern sanitation, central heating, hot and cold water, Westinghouse refrigerators, and garages”. Fan also designed, in 1942, the Georgia Apartments on Hengshan Road in a late Art Deco style.
His also worked in Hong Kong on several buildings of the Chinese University's Chung Chi College (1956), Shek Kip Mei Police Station (1960), North Point Methodist Church (1961), Silver Capitol Cinema in Kwun Tong (1964), Hoover Theatre in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong Spinners Factory in Cheung Sha Wan and the Vitasoy Bottling Plant in Kwun Tong.
After the Communists took control of China in 1949, Fan fled with his wife to Hong Kong, at the age of 56.
* The Shanghai Concert Hall
* Nanjing Political College
# Robert Christopher

Robert Collins Christopher (March 3, 1924 – June 15, 1992) was an American journalist who specialized in coverage of Japanese business and culture. From 1981 until his death, he served as administrator of the Pulitzer Prizes.

## Life

A native of Thomaston, Connecticut, Christopher served in the United States Army during World War II in an intelligence capacity in the Pacific Theater of Operations (including the Occupation of Japan) from 1943 to 1946. Thereafter, he was graduated from Yale University with a B.A. in Oriental Studies (conferred Phi Beta Kappa with exceptional distinction in the major) as a member of Elihu in 1948. After brief stints with Investment Dealers Digest (1949–50) and Time (1950), he completed a second Army tour as an intelligence officer during the Korean War. Following the conflict, he returned to Time, where he was promoted to associate editor (1956-1961) and thence senior editor of the United States and world business sections (1961-1963). He held a variety of positions at Newsweek over the next sixteen years, including foreign editor (1963-1969), executive editor (1969-1972), founding editor of the periodical's international edition (1972-1977) and contributing editor (1977-1979). From 1979 to 1981, he was managing editor of GEO.
Christopher served as the secretary of Pulitzer Prize Board and administrator of the Prizes at Columbia University (where he also taught as an adjunct professor of journalism) from 1981 until his death. He was the first Prize administrator to be recruited directly from the profession; both his immediate predecessor (Richard T. Baker) and the inaugural secretary (John Hohenberg) were already tenured members of the faculty of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism upon assuming the post. During this period, he wrote several books on international business and contemporary affairs, including The Japanese Mind: The Goliath Explained (1983) and Crashing the Gates: The De-WASPing of America's Power Elite (1989).
A member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Century Association, Christopher resided in Old Lyme, Connecticut. He died from emphysema on June 14, 1992, at the age of 68 in New London, Connecticut.
Upon his death, Pulitzer Prize Board chair Claude Sitton remarked that Christopher was "personally a warm and wonderful fellow who was admired by all."
# Robert Dick Douglas

Robert Dick Douglas Sr. (April 7, 1875 – January 1, 1960) was a North Carolina attorney who served as North Carolina Attorney General briefly from 1900 to 1901. He is believed to be the youngest attorney general in the state's history.

## Early life and education

Douglas was born on April 7, 1875, in Greensboro, North Carolina. Robert was the first son and second child of Robert M. Douglas and Jessie Madeline Dick. He was a grandson of Sen. Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois and of Robert P. Dick, a North Carolina state Supreme Court justice. Douglas graduated from Georgetown University and "read the law" under his grandfather Dick.

## Career

At the age of 25, Douglas was appointed by Gov. Daniel L. Russell to serve out the remainder of Attorney General Zeb V. Walser's term. At the time of his appointment, he was the youngest person to ever serve as North Carolina Attorney General and the youngest person serving as a state attorney general in the country. After that he built a practice of law in Greensboro, North Carolina, where he also served as postmaster from 1906 to 1916.
In 1932, Douglas gave or sold his grandfather Stephen A. Douglas's papers to the University of Chicago.

## Personal life

He married his wife, Virginia Land Brown, on April 14, 1909. They had five children: two sons and three daughters. He died on January 1, 1960, in High Point, North Carolina.
# Hanzala Malik

Hanzala Shaheed Malik (26 November 1956 – December 2023) was a Scottish Labour Party politician. He was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Glasgow region from 2011 until 2016.

## Early life and career

Born in Glasgow to a Pakistani father and a Scottish mother on 26 November 1956, Malik gained a BSc degree in Computing with Business Administration from the University of Paisley. Before working in politics, he worked in both the private and public sector including serving as a police special constable and member of the Territorial Army.

## Political career

Malik was a Glasgow City Councillor for the one-member ward of Hillhead from 1995 to 2007, then as one of four in the larger multi-member of the same name from 2007 to 2012. In his role as a councillor, Malik was a member of council committees which included Education, Development and Regeneration, Finance, Housing, Licensing, Policy and Resources.
Malik was elected as a Labour MSP for the Glasgow region in the 2011 Scottish Parliament election (he declined to vacate his council seat until elections the following year, despite a by-election already being arranged for the ward after the death of another councillor). He was eleventh on Labour's regional list at the election in May 2016 and was not re-elected. He was re-elected as a Glasgow City councillor, again for Hillhead, in May 2017.
Malik endorsed Anas Sarwar in the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election.

## Personal life and death

Malik was mixed-race; his father was born in Pakistan and his mother was born in Scotland. He had been married for over forty years and had two children and two grandchildren.
Hanzala Malik died in December 2023, at the age of 67.
# Robert Hurst (nuclear chemist)

Robert Hurst, CBE, GM (3 January 1915 – 16 May 1996) was a New Zealand-born scientist. He was the first director of the experimental fast-breeder reactor complex at Dounreay, and later the director of the British Ship Research Association. During World War II, he worked in bomb disposal and mine detection, and was awarded the George Medal for his work as part of the team that defused the first V-1 flying bomb found intact in Britain.

## Early life

Hurst was born in Nelson, New Zealand in 1915, the son of Percy Cecil Hurst, a commercial traveller, and his wife Margery Whitwell. He attended Nelson College from 1927 to 1932, and then was a student at Canterbury University College in Christchurch, from where he graduated with a Master of Science degree in physical chemistry in 1939. While at Canterbury, Hurst was a member of a student group assisting European Jews to escape the Nazis.
Following his graduation, Hurst was en route to the United Kingdom by ship to undertake doctoral studies at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, working his passage as a radio operator, when World War II broke out.

## War service

In 1940, after completing the first year of his PhD studies, Hurst volunteered as a civilian experimental scientist with the Ministry of Supply, undertaking bomb disposal and mine detection duties. In 1944, he was part of the team, led by John Pilkington Hudson, that defused the first V-1 flying bomb found intact in Britain. It took the team a week of painstaking work to successfully complete the task, made more difficult by toxic fumes from the explosive and ongoing bombing raids. As a result, Hurst was awarded the George Medal: his citation noted his "sustained courage when engaged in hazardous operations".
At the end of the war, Hurst saw service in Berlin, assisting with defusing unexploded Allied bombs.

## Scientific career

Hurst returned to Cambridge after the war to complete his PhD in physical chemistry. In 1948, he joined the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, working first on the chemistry of plutonium, before heading a team that investigated the potential of different types of nuclear reactors. In 1957, he was appointed chief chemist at the Atomic Energy Authority Industrial Research and Development branch at Risley, Cheshire, and in 1958 he was named as the first director of the Dounreay experimental fast-breeder reactor complex.
In 1963, Hurst left Dounreay to take up the directorship of the British Ship Research Association.
In the 1973 Queen's Birthday Honours, Hurst was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

## Retirement and death

Hurst retired to Poole, Dorset, in 1976, where he did voluntary work with the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. He died in 1996 following his third heart attack.
# Hard Attack (MX-80 album)

Hard Attack is the debut album by MX-80 Sound, released in 1977 by Island Records. It was re-released by Atavistic Records in 1995, combined with the 1976 EP Big Hits.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Spin Alternative Record Guide | 4/10 |
According to Trouser Press, the album was well received by the critics who reviewed it when it was released. AllMusic writes that the album "[finds] the band balanced in some sort of weird zone where punk, art metal, and a drawling sort of humor could all happily coexist."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by MX-80 Sound (Bruce Anderson, Dave Mahoney, Dale Sophiea and Rich Stim)
# Hans Gregor

Hans Gregor (14 April 1866, in Dresden – 13 August 1945, in Wernigerode) was a German actor and arts administrator.
Gregor directed several German-language theaters, including in Barmen-Elberfeld from 1898 to 1905. In Berlin, he led the Komische Oper as its director from 1905 to 1911. Gregor was noted as initiating the trend in opera productions where the stage director began to assert greater influence compared to the previous dominance of opera singers. In addition, the company provided a more naturalistic style of opera productions. He presided over several notable productions, including 19 premieres.
From 1910 to 1918, he led the Vienna State Opera. There, he presided over such productions as the first Vienna performances of Der Rosenkavalier.
Gregor wrote an autobiographical volume of recollections, Die Welt der Oper – Die Oper der Welt.
# Hans Granlid

Hans Granlid (22 December 1926 – 10 May 1999) was a Swedish novelist and literary researcher. Among his novels are Nertrappning from 1969, and Hotellsaga from 1972. He was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1991.
# Hapalonoma

Hapalonoma is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

## Species

* Hapalonoma sublustricella (Walker, 1864)
* Hapalonoma argyracta Meyrick, 1914
# Robert J. Hodrick

Robert James Hodrick (born September 12, 1950), is a U.S. economist specialized in International Finance. AB, Princeton, 1972; PhD, University of Chicago, 1976. Until 1983, he served as a professor at Carnegie-Mellon University, where he worked jointly with Edward C. Prescott on business cycle, and developed the Hodrick–Prescott filter to distinguish trends from cyclical fluctuations. He taught at Northwestern University and joined Columbia University in 1996.
# Robert J. Hill

Robert J. Hill (died May 29, 1953), nicknamed Bobil, was a draftsman, designer and the art director of the bronze division of Gorham, Inc. in Rhode Island. He designed in 1926 the General Custer Trophy, and in 1935 the Borg-Warner Trophy. He retired in 1948.
# Robert Macauley

Robert Conover "Bob" Macauley (December 11, 1923 – December 26, 2010) was an American businessman who left his paper company to create the charity AmeriCares, which he established in 1982 and which has provided billions of dollars of aid to needy people in crisis situations in countries around the world. Macauley had been aiding South Vietnamese orphans starting in the early 1970s and expanded his personal involvement in philanthropic causes after the 1975 crash of a U.S. military jet evacuating children stranded the survivors and others trying to leave the country.

## Biography

Macauley was born on December 11, 1923, in Manhattan. Raised in Greenwich, Connecticut, he attended Phillips Academy and then Yale University, where he shared a room with George H. W. Bush. He served in North Africa with the United States Army Air Corps and earned his undergraduate degree from Yale after completing his military service. He joined his family business and established the Virginia Fibre Corporation in 1972.
Macauley first became involved in major charitable efforts following the Tan Son Nhut C-5 accident in April 1975, in which a United States Air Force Lockheed C-5 Galaxy carrying South Vietnamese orphans as part of Operation Babylift, crashed on landing killing more than 150 and leaving 175 survivors, many of them among the 2,000 children awaiting transportation to the United States in the days before the Fall of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces later that month. When he learned that it would take more than a week to evacuate the surviving orphans due to the lack of military transport planes, Macauley chartered a Boeing 747 from Pan American World Airways and arranged for 300 orphaned children to leave the country, paying for the trip by mortgaging his house.
Macauley founded AmeriCares in 1982, a year after he organized shipments of humanitarian aid to Poland at the behest of Pope John Paul II and had organized an airlift to provide medicine to victims of the Lebanese Civil War. Accepting no pay, he served as chief executive officer of the charity until 2002, distributing material collected from companies to people in need in trouble spots around the world.
In 1991, Macauley received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given annually by Jefferson Awards.
A resident of North Palm Beach, Florida, New Canaan, Connecticut and Brewster, New York, Macauley died at the age of 87 at his Florida home on December 26, 2010, due to emphysema. He was survived by his wife Leila, as well as by a daughter, a son, a stepson and four grandchildren.
# Robert Mac Wattin

Robert Mac Wattin, alias Robert Barrett, Anglo-Irish lord, fl. 1413.

## Biography

Mac Wattin was a member of a branch of the Barrett family of north Connacht, descended from a Batin or Wattin Barrett, alive c. 1300. (Knox, p. 121).
According to an entry sub anno 1413 in the Annals of the Four Masters,
Henry Barrett was taken prisoner in the church of Airech-Locha-Con (Lough Conn) by Mac Wattin (i.e. Robert), who carried him away by force, after profaning the place. But Mac Wattin passed not a night in which the saint of the place (Tigearnan of Airech) did not appear to him in a vision, demanding the prisoner, until he obtained his request at last; and Mac Wattin granted a quarter of land to Tighearnan Airich for ever, as an eric for having violated him.
Knox lists him as a son of Henry Mer Mac Wattin (died 1399), making him a great-great grandson of Batin Barrett. Robert's great-grandson, Richard, would become Bishop of Killala.
# Hole in the Sky

Hole in the Sky may refer to:
* Hole in the Sky (festival), a metal music festival held in Bergen, Norway
* "Hole in the Sky" (song), a song by Black Sabbath from their 1975 album Sabotage
* "Hole in the Sky" (Voltron: Legendary Defender), an episode of Voltron: Legendary Defender
# Ali Sanders

Ali Sanders (born 15 December 1970) is a British physician and rower. She competed in the women's eight event at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She later qualified as a consultant in emergency medicine. She was also the clinical director of the Emergency Department at St. Mary’s Hospital.
# BIT225

BIT225 is an experimental drug candidate under development by Biotron Limited for use in the treatment of both HIV and hepatitis C infection. By blocking Vpu ion channel activity, it disrupts HIV assembly within host monocyte cells; its method of action is a first for HIV drugs. Because it targets replication in monocyte derived macrophages, it offers promise for treatment of viral reservoirs that are unaffected by standard treatments. The activity of BIT225 is post-virus integration, with no direct effects on the HIV enzymes reverse transcriptase and protease. Since Vpu ion channel activity is highly conserved, the virus is unlikely to become resistant via generation of Vpu ion-independent virus. In addition, the drug also has been credited with curing hepatitis C after 12 weeks of treatment.
# Charles Bright (judge)

Sir Charles Hart Bright KBE (25 November 1912–16 May 1983) was a Justice of the Supreme Court of South Australia and chancellor of Flinders University.

## Early life

Bright was born on 25 November 1912 in Norwood, a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, the second child of Baptist minister Charles Bright and his second wife Annie Florence (née Hollidge). He attended Scotch College and studied law at the University of Adelaide, following which he was admitted to the South Australian Bar on 15 December 1934.

## Career

Bright started out working for Shierlaw, Frisby Smith & Romilly Harry, before becoming partners with O. C. Isaachsen in 1940. Bright served as full-time captain of the Australian Army Legal Department from 4 January 1943 till 1 November 1944, when he became a reserve officer. In 1945, Bright and Isaachsen had a new partner, Zelling, although their law firm was dissolved in 1954. Bright, who preferred commercial and tax-related cases, then partnered with D. B. McLeod. In 1961, he was appointed as president of the Law Society of South Australia, a post he held till 1963. From 1962 to 1963, he was a councillor at the Law Council of Australia. In October 1963, Bright became a judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia.
Bright was also active in the wider community. For instance, he sat on the Physiotherapists Board of South Australia for some ten years and was president of the Minda Home in Brighton for six years, which caters to individuals with mental disabilities. He was also vice-president of the Musica Viva Society of Australia and the Australian Red Cross Society in South Australia. Bright became the first pro-chancellor of the South Australia-based Flinders University, and chaired its finance and buildings committee. In 1971, he became the university's chancellor, taking over Sir Mark Mitchell. Bright retired from the bench in December 1978 and was knighted in 1980. In view of his declining health, he stepped down as chancellor in 1983.

## Personal life and death

Bright was raised as a Protestant. On 31 August 1940, Bright married doctor Elizabeth Holden (née Flaxman), whose great-grandfather was Charles Flaxman. They had a daughter and two sons. After resigning as chancellor of Flinders University, Bright was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters on 13 May 1983. He died on 16 May 1983 in his home in North Adelaide. The cause of death was cancer. Bright's book on his wife's great-grandfather, whom he had researched on while studying for a postgraduate degree in history at Flinders University, was posthumously released in the same year. The Sir Charles Bright Scholarship Trust was set up in 1985 for disabled South Australians looking to pursue tertiary education.
# Zhenxun

Zhenxun (Chinese: 斟鄩; pinyin: Zhēnxún) was the last capital for the pre historical Chinese Xia dynasty. There is a consensus among many Chinese scholars that the Erlitou site about 20 km east of central Luoyang is identified as Zhenxun.
# Jules-Auguste Béclard

Jules–Auguste Béclard (17 December 1817 – 9 February 1887) was a French physiologist born in Paris. He was the son of anatomist Pierre Augustin Béclard (1785–1825).
In 1842 he earned his doctorate in Paris, where he later became a professor of physiology to the Faculté de Médecine. From 1862 to 1872 he was secrétaire annuel to the Académie Nationale de Médecine, where from 1873 to 1887 he served as secrétaire perpétuel.
Béclard was the author of a classic work on human physiology called Traité élémentaire de physiologie humaine comprenant les principales notions de la physiologie comparée (1856). Another noted work of his was Contraction musculaire dans ses rapports avec la température animale, a treatise involving correlation of muscular contraction to temperature.
# Cardonnette

Cardonnette (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Cardonette is situated on the D11 and D247 crossroads, just 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Amiens.

## Points of interest

* The church, rebuilt after World War I.