OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean d'Estrées

Jean d'Estrées (French pronunciation:; 1666 – 3 March 1718) was a French priest and politician. He was the son of Jean II d'Estrées and his wife Marie Marguerite Morin.
He was born in Paris, the nephew of Cardinal César d'Estrées and brother of Marshal Victor Marie d'Estrées, both academics. In 1691, Jean d'Estrées was abbot of Villeneuve, and in that capacity attended the States of Nantes. In 1692, he was given his first diplomatic mission, being responsible for the assurance of Portuguese neutrality during the War of the Grand Alliance. Earning a doctorate in theology in 1698, he became the abbot of Évron. In 1703, he joined his uncle in Spain, who was the ambassador to France, and succeeded him after two years. In 1711 he was elected to l'Académie française, which had searched for a suitable candidate to replace his well-known predecessor, Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux.
Jean d'Estrées was also named to the Conseil d'État (Council of State) and the Archbishopric of Cambrai in 1716, but died before his coronation.
# Jeju Black pig

The Jeju Black (Korean: 제주흑돼지; RR: Jeju heukdwaeji) is a Korean breed of domestic pig. It is named for and originates from Jeju Island, which lies to the south of the country in the Korea Strait. It is a small pig, with black skin and a smooth coat of hair. It has erect, unfolded ears, as well as a narrow snout.
Under a co-operative agreement between North and South Korea, about US$160,000 worth of equipment was shipped in 2008 from Jeju Island to North Korea to build a Jeju Black pig farm in Pyongyang; breeding stock was to follow when the farm was ready.

## As food

Pork from the Jeju Black is said to have a unique taste, and forms the basis of some local dishes. It is smoked over burning hay, which gives it an unusual flavour and a chewy consistency.
Until the late twentieth century, these pigs were used in pig toilets. The pigs were housed in pits dug below outhouses, and they ate the waste that dropped down. From the 1960s, this practice gave way to more conventional feeding. Some believe that the change has adversely affected the flavour of the meat.
# Jennifer Belle

Jennifer Belle (born 1968) is an American novelist, based in New York City.
She attended the Bronx High School of Science and dropped out of college. She has also written columns for Ms. magazine. In 1996, she published her first book, Going Down, telling the story of a woman in her 20s, a topic that would appear also in her subsequent writings. In 2002, she married entertainment lawyer Andrew Krents, after they were introduced by fellow novelist Amy Sohn.
Her work has appeared in The New York Times Magazine, The New York Observer, London's The Independent, Cosmopolitan, Harper's Bazaar, Ms., Mudfish.
She teaches at the New York Writers' Workshop.

## Works

* Going Down, Riverhead Books, 1996, ISBN 978-1-57322-554-0
* High Maintenance, Riverhead Books, 2001, ISBN 978-1-57322-185-6
* Animal Stackers, Illustrator David McPhail, Hyperion Books for Children, 2005, ISBN 978-0-7868-1834-1
* Little Stalker, Penguin Group, 2008, ISBN 978-1-59448-292-2
* The Seven Year Bitch, Penguin Group USA, 2010, ISBN 978-1-59448-755-2
# Jennifer Bennett

Rear-Admiral Jennifer J. Bennett, CMM, CD is a retired Canadian Forces Naval Reserve officer. In 2011, she served as Chief of Reserves and Cadets. As such, she was the highest ranking reservist in the Canadian Armed Forces and the most senior woman in the Royal Canadian Navy. She served as commanding officer of HMCS Malahat from 1995 to 1998, and as Commander of the Naval Reserve from 2007 to 2011. She was named as one of Canada's 100 Most Powerful Women in 2011.

## Honours

In 2004, Bennett was appointed an Officer of the Order of Military Merit (OMM) in recognition of "outstanding meritorious service in duties of responsibility". In 2012, she promoted to Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM) in recognition of "outstanding meritorious service and demonstrated leadership in duties of great responsibility".
In June 2015, Bennett was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws (LLD) degree by the University of Alberta.

## Awards and decorations

Bennett's personal awards and decorations include the following:
| Description | Notes |
| Order of Military Merit (CMM) | Appointed Commander (CMM) on 17 October 2012 Appointed Officer (OMM) on 29 September 2004 |
| 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal | Decoration awarded in 1992 |
| Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal | Decoration awarded in 2002 Canadian version |
| Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal | Decoration awarded in 2012 Canadian version |
| Canadian Forces' Decoration (CD) | with three Clasp for 42 years of service |
CDS Commendation
# Jenny Tinghui Zhang

Jenny Tinghui Zhang is a Chinese-American writer from Austin, Texas.

## Early life and education

Zhang was born in Changchun, China, and grew up in Austin, Texas, and Oxford, Mississippi. She received an MFA from the University of Wyoming. She is an editor for The Adroit Journal, and her writing has appeared in The Rumpus, HuffPost, Catapult, Literary Hub, and The Cut.

## Career

Zhang's first novel, Four Treasures of the Sky, was published by Flatiron and Penguin in 2022. It was a New York Times Book Review Editor's Choice, and was reviewed by NPR, The Washington Post, and Publishers Weekly, among others.
Ann Patchett praised Zhang's "considerable talents" in writing an "engulfing, bighearted, and heartbreaking novel." In her New York Times review of Four Treasures of the Sky, Jennifer Egan described Zhang's writing as "engrossing" and "an arresting combination of earthy and lyric."
Zhang has cited C Pam Zhang’s How Much of These Hills Is Gold, Barbara Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible, and Alexander Chee's Edinburgh as sources of inspiration for her writing.
In 2022, Zhang told interviewers that she was working on her second novel.
# Jennifer Stanley

Jennifer Stanley (born 1970) is an American mystery fiction novelist. She also writes under the name Ellery Adams.

## Biography

Stanley is from Long Island, New York.
She received a bachelor's degree from Franklin and Marshall College. She has a master of arts from West Chester University and a master of library and information science from North Carolina Central University. Stanley began her writing career when she moved from Durham, North Carolina to Richmond, Virginia. Her pen name was inspired by one of her favorite authors, Ellery Queen.
The Secret, Book & Scone Society was a New York Times best seller.
Stanley is married and has two children.

## Selected works
### As Ellery Adams
#### The Secret, Book & Scone Society

* —— (2017). The Secret, Book & Scone Society. Kensington. ISBN 9781496712370.
* —— (2018). The Whispered Word. Kensington.
* —— (2020). The Book of Candlelight. Kensington. ISBN 9781496712431.
* —— (2021). Ink and Shadows. Kensington. ISBN 9781496726414.
* —— (2022). The Vanishing Type. Kensington. ISBN 9781496726445.
* —— (2023). Paper Cuts. Kensington Cozies. ISBN 9781496726476.

#### The Book Retreat Mysteries

* —— (2014). Murder in the Mystery Suite. Berkley. ISBN 9780425265598.
* —— (2015). Murder in the Paperback Parlor. Berkley. ISBN 9780425265604.
* —— (2016). Murder in the Secret Garden. Berkley. ISBN 9780425265611.
* —— (2018). Murder in the Locked Library. Kensington. ISBN 9781496715630.
* —— (2019). Murder in the Reading Room. Kensington. ISBN 9781496715654.
* —— (2020). Murder in the Storybook Cottage. Kensington. ISBN 9781496715678.
* —— (2022). Murder on the Poet's Walk. Kensington. ISBN 9781496729484.

#### Charmed Pie Shoppe Mysteries

* —— (2012). Pies and Prejudice. Berkley. ISBN 9780425251409.
* —— (2013). Peach Pies and Alibis. Berkley. ISBN 9780425251997.
* —— (2014). Pecan Pies and Homicides. Berkley. ISBN 9780425252413.
* —— (2015). Lemon Pies and Little White Lies. Berkley. ISBN 9780425276020.
* —— (2016). Breach of Crust. Berkley. ISBN 9780425276037.

### As Jennifer Stanley

* Stirring Up Strife (Minotaur, 2009)

### As J. B. Stanley

* Stiffs & Swine (Midnight Ink/Llellyn, 2008) ISBN 978-0-7387-1267-3
* Chili Con Corpses (Midnight Ink/Llewellyn, 2008) ISBN 978-0-7387-1259-8
* The Battered Body (Midnight Ink/Llewellyn, 2009) ISBN 978-0-7387-1472-1
* Black Beans & Vice (Midnight Ink/Llewellyn, 2010) ISBN 978-0-7387-1954-2
# Adullamites

The Adullamites were a short-lived anti-reform faction within the UK Liberal Party in 1866. The name was a biblical reference to the cave of Adullam where David and his allies sought refuge from Saul.
After the death of Palmerston in 1865, a second Reform Act became a priority for the Liberal Party. However, not all sections of the party agreed with this agenda. The most important internal opposition came from the Adullamites. The faction was led by Robert Lowe and Lord Elcho. The name, coined by John Bright, was a biblical reference that would have been widely understood at the time. After repeated attacks on Gladstone's bill, they finally defeated the government over an amendment to the Bill on 18 June 1866, which was carried by 315 to 304. This vote gave the Prime Minister, Russell, cause to resign. There was an abortive attempt to form a Conservative/Adullamite coalition. However, the Adullamites were not prepared to accept Disraeli as leader and negotiations broke down. This led to the formation of the Third Derby–Disraeli ministry - who, ultimately, proposed their own reform bill. The Adullamites (with some exceptions) then returned to the Liberal party.

## Prominent Adullamites

* Augustus Anson
* Sir George Bowyer, Bt.
* Frederick Doulton
* Lord Dunkellin
* Lord Elcho
* Edward Ellice
* William Henry Gregory
* The Earl Grey
* Earl Grosvenor
* Gilbert Heathcote
* Edward Horsman
* Samuel Laing
* The Marquess of Lansdowne
* The Earl of Lichfield
* Robert Lowe
* Sir Robert Peel, Bt.
* Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, Bt.
# Jenny B. Merrill

Jenny B. Merrill (September 4, 1854 – February 19, 1934) was an American early childhood educator and author. The first articles published in the U.S. regarding Montessori education were written by Merrill.

## Biography

Jane Beggs Merrill was born in New York City, September 4, 1854. Her parents were Benjamin B. and Jane Anne McBride Merrill.
In 1871, she graduated from Normal College (now Hunter College), and in 1892, she received a Doctorate in Pedagogy from New York University.
Merrill served as the Supervisor of Public Kindergartens of New York City; President of the Kindergarten Department of the National Education Association; and Honorary President of the Public School Kindergarten Association of New York City.
Jenny B. Merrill died of pneumonia in New York City, February 19, 1934.

## Selected works

* Songs for Little Folks : a Collection Adapted for the Home Circle and the Primary Classes in Sunday and Day Schools (1875; with Mrs. Wilbur F. Crafts)
* Pictures and stories for our darlings (1879)
* Little folks Bible gallery (1880)
* Bible pictures and stories for little folks (1881)
* Shield and Buckler (1886)
* The children's Bible hour (1888)
* Bible Talks about Bible Pictures (1889)
* A psychological study ... : from a letter written in reply to a friend's questions regarding the development of a child's early idea of number (1891)
* Outline course for vacation kindergartens. (1899)
# Jericho Tavern

The Jericho Tavern is a music venue and pub in the Jericho area of Oxford, England, at 56 Walton Street. In the late 1980s and early 1990s it was an important part of the music scene which produced Ride, Radiohead, and Supergrass.

## History

Radiohead performed at the Jericho Tavern in 1986 under the name On A Friday. Supergrass secured a record deal after performing a gig there in 1994. Other bands to have performed at the Jericho include Ride, Bastille, Summer Camp, Tennis, Bombay Bicycle Club, Palma Violets, Lianne La Havas, Savages, James Vincent McMorrow, Ben Howard, Foals and Chad Valley.
The Jericho Tavern was bought out in the 1990s by the Firkin chain. It became part of the Scream pub chain, then was restored to a music venue in 2005. Along with several other Oxford pubs, it is now owned by Mitchells & Butlers.
# Jenkinstown Park

Jenkinstown Park is a park in County Kilkenny, Ireland. It is situated off the N78 road about 10 km north of the city of Kilkenny and 11 km south of Castlecomer. The Dunmore Caves are nearby.

## History

The park was formerly part of the old Bryan-Bellew Estate. A small garden to commemorate Thomas Moore's association with the house has been laid down on the site of the old house.

## Facilities

Facilities include a picnic site, forest walks, small commemorative garden, deer park and a craft centre. There are walks of between one and three kilometres through a plantation of mixed broadleaf and conifers. The park is managed by Coillte.

## Flora and fauna

Tree species within the park include beech, ash, oak, and Norway spruce. Some original park trees from the 1870s survive and include a number of rare species such as the Chinese necklace poplar, Populus lasiocarpa. Bluebells typically flower, in the beech and birch woods in the park, from mid April to late May.
The park is home to foxes, badgers, stoats, red and grey squirrels, and enclosed deer, as well as bats in the old church. A number of species of birds – including pheasant, ravens, and the long-eared owl – inhabit the woods.
# Adıgüzeller, Güney

Adıgüzeller is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Güney, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 95 (2022).
# Jeremy Huw Williams

Jeremy Huw Williams BEM (born 3 April 1969) is a Welsh baritone opera singer, known for his work in contemporary classical music.

## Early life and education

Williams was born in Cardiff. He studied at Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf, Cardiff, St John's College, Cambridge, at the National Opera Studio, London, and with April Cantelo.

## Career

Williams has appeared for Welsh National Opera, Opera Ireland and Music Theatre Wales amongst others, and has released numerous recordings, most notably of music by contemporary Welsh composers, including Alun Hoddinott, William Mathias and Mansel Thomas. In addition to these he has also given premieres of works by composers John Tavener, Martin Butler, John Metcalf, Julian Phillips, Edward Dudley Hughes, Ian Wilson, Richard Causton, Edward Rushton, Arlene Sierra and Huw Watkins. In 2019 he became President of the Incorporated Society of Musicians (ISM).

## Recordings

Williams has an extensive discography, including recordings of songs by William Mathias, Alun Hoddinott, and Mansel Thomas.

## Personal life

In 1991, Williams married Manon Jenkins, now Manon Antoniazzi. The marriage ended in divorce.

## Honours

Williams was awarded the British Empire Medal (BEM) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to music. He has also been awarded an Honorary Fellowship by Glyndŵr University in 2009 for services to music in Wales, the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Music from the University of Aberdeen in 2011, and also the 2022 John Edwards Memorial Award, the most prestigious non-competitive award given in Wales for services to the nation’s music.
# Aerotec

Aerotec may refer to:
* Aerotec S/A Indústria Aeronáutica, former Brazilian aircraft manufacturer
* Aerotec S.A., former name of Colombian aircraft manufacturer AeroAndina
* Premium AEROTEC, German company, manufacturing subsidiary of Airbus
# Jeremiah Crowley

Jeremiah Crowley may refer to:
* Jeremiah Crowley (politician) (1832–1901), in Massachusetts
* Jeremiah J. Crowley (1861–1927), American religious leader & writer
* Jeremiah D. Crowley, American socialist activist from New York
# Aemilius Macer

Aemilius Macer of Verona was a Roman didactic poet. He authored two poems, one on birds (Ornithogonia), a translation of a work by Boios, and the other on the antidotes against the poison of serpents (Theriaca), which he imitated from the Greek poet Nicander of Colophon. According to Jerome, he died in 16 BC. It is possible that he wrote also a botanical work. The extant hexameter poem known as Floridus or De viribus (aut virtutibus) herbarum, traditionally ascribed to Macer, is actually a medieval production by Odo Magdunensis, a French physician.
Aemilius Macer must be distinguished from the Macer called Iliacus in the Ovidian catalogue of poets, the author of an epic poem on the events preceding the opening of the Iliad. The fact of his being addressed by Ovid in one of the epistles Ex Ponto shows that he was alive long after Aemilius Macer. He has been identified with the son or grandson of Theophanes of Mytilene, the intimate friend of Pompey.
# Aemilius Irving

Sir Æmilius Irving (February 4, 1823 – November 27, 1913) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.
Born in Leamington, England, son of The Hon. Jacob Æmilius Irving and Catherine, daughter of Sir Jere Homfray, of Llandaff House. He was educated at Upper Canada College, became a barrister in 1849, and was created a Queen's Counsel in 1863. In 1851, he married Augusta Gugy, the daughter of Bartholomew Conrad Augustus Gugy. He was a Liberal Member of the House of Commons of Canada for Hamilton in the 3rd Canadian Parliament. Irving served as clerk of the peace for Waterloo County and was Treasurer of the Law Society of Upper Canada from 1893 to 1913. He was knighted in 1906 and died in Toronto, Ontario in 1913.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Aemilius Irving :
* CrestA mailed hand grasping a branch of seven holly leaves Proper.
* EscutcheonArgent three holly leaves slipped Vert.
* MottoHaud Ullis Labentia Ventis
# Aemilius Sura

Aemilius Sura was an ancient Roman historian whose fragment "On the Years of the Roman People" (De annis populi Romani) appears in a gloss in the margin of Velleius Paterculus's Roman History. Theodor Mommsen believed that the larger work, which is now lost, was a compendium of the history of the world.
Here is Frederick W. Shipley's translation of the fragment:
   The Assyrians were the first of all races to hold world power, then the Medes, and after them the Persians, and then the Macedonians. Then through the defeat of Kings Philip and Antiochus, of Macedonian origin, following closely upon the overthrow of Carthage, the world power passed to the Roman people. Between this time and the beginning of the reign of Ninus king of the Assyrians, who was the first to hold world power, lies an interval of nineteen hundred and ninety-five years.
# Affronteur-class lugger

The Affronteur class consisted of two 16-gun luggers that Michel Colin-Olivier laid down at Dieppe in August 1794 and that he launched in 1795 for the French Navy. The two vessels took part in the Expédition d'Irlande in 1796–1797. The Royal Navy captured both vessels in 1803 in separate actions. The Royal Navy took Affronteur into service as HMS Caroline in 1804. She patrolled the Irish Sea until she was broken up in 1807. Vautour was not taken into British service.

## Description

The naval architect behind the Affronteur-class design is unknown but Winfield & Roberts suggest that the architect was probably Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait. The two vessels mounted sixteen 6-pounder (2.7 kg) guns and had a complement of 87–120 officers and ratings.

## Ships in class

Affronteur class :
| Name | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| Affronteur | Michel Colin-Olivier, Dieppe, France | 1794 | 18 July 1795 | November 1975 | Captured by Royal Navy 1803, became Caroline in 1804, and was broken up in 1807 |
| Vautour | Michel Colin-Olivier, Dieppe, France | 1794 | August 1795 | November 1795 | Captured by Royal Navy 1803 |

## Construction and career

Michel Colin-Olivier constructed two luggers in 1794 Dieppe and launched then in November 1795. Both participated in the Expédition d'Irlande in 1796–1797.
On 18 May 1803, HMS Doris captured Affronteur off Ushant. She came into British service on 14 September 1804 as HMS Caroline. There the vessel was measured at 158 tons burthen and armed with twelve 12-pounder (5.4 kg) carronades and two 6-pounder guns. The lugger was re-rated as a gun-brig in British service. Caroline was deployed in the Irish Sea and taken out of service on 6 October 1807. The gun-brig was then broken up.
HMS Boadicea captured Vautour on 25 November 1803 off Cape Finisterre while Vautour was returning from Santo Domingo. The Royal Navy did not take her into British service.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 242.
* ↑ Clowes (1997), p. 298.
* ↑ James (2002), pp. 4–5.
* 1 2 Winfield (2005), pp. 672, 752.
* ↑ "No. 15656". The London Gazette. 13 December 1803. p. 1759.
* ↑ Winfield (2005), p. 672.
# Affré

Affré or Affre is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Agustarello Affre (1858–1931), French operatic tenor
* Denis Auguste Affre (1793–1848), Archbishop of Paris
* Pierre Affre (1590–1669), French sculptor
# Aerodyne Yogi

The Aerodyne Yogi is a series of French single-place, paragliders that was designed by Michel Le Blanc and produced by Aerodyne Technologies of Talloires.

## Design and development

The Yogi was designed as a beginner glider for school, with the four models each named for their relative size. Compared to other beginner gliders it was designed to exhibit better progressive launch behaviour and require less physical launch effort. It rolls more easily upon brake applications and has better stability, all desirable traits for a training glider.

## Variants
### Yogi XS

    Extra small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its 10.5 m (34.4 ft) span wing has a wing area of 23.80 m$^2$ (256.2 sq ft), 35 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.62:1. The pilot weight range is 55 to 70 kg (121 to 154 lb). The glider model is AFNOR St certified.

### Yogi S

    Small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its 10.95 m (35.9 ft) span wing has a wing area of 25.90 m$^2$ (278.8 sq ft), 35 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.62:1. The pilot weight range is 65 to 80 kg (143 to 176 lb). The glider model is AFNOR St certified.

### Yogi M

    Mid-sized model for medium-weight pilots. Its 11.4 m (37.4 ft) span wing has a wing area of 28.10 m$^2$ (302.5 sq ft), 35 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.62:1. The pilot weight range is 75 to 95 kg (165 to 209 lb). The glider model is AFNOR St certified.

### Yogi L

    Large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its 11.85 m (38.9 ft) span wing has a wing area of 30.40 m$^2$ (327.2 sq ft), 35 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.62:1. The pilot weight range is 90 to 115 kg (198 to 254 lb). The glider model is AFNOR St certified.

## Specifications (Yogi M)

Data from Bertrand
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 11.4 m (37 ft 5 in)
* Wing area: 28.10 m$^2$ (302.5 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 4.62:1
# Aerodynos JA 177 Evolution

The Aerodynos JA 177 Evolution is a Colombian two-seat ultralight monoplane produced by Aerodynos de Colombia to be sold complete or as a homebuilt.

## Design and development

The design was started in 2003. The Evolution is a high-wing strut-braced monoplane with side-by-side seating for two. It is powered by a 98.6 hp (74 kW) Rotax 912 ULS flat-four piston engine with a three-bladed propeller. An economy variant (the JA 177 Pingouin) is being sold in France for the European market.

## Variants
### Evolution I

    Original variant

### Evolution II

    Improved variant

### Pingouin

    Economy variant

## Specifications (Evolution II with Rotax 912)

Data fromJane's All the World's Aircraft 2008-2009
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 1
* Length: 7.15 m (23 ft 5.5 in)
* Wingspan: 7.80 m (25 ft 7 in)
* Height: 2.00 m (6 ft 6.75 in)
* Wing area: 12.00 m$^2$ (129.2 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 275 kg (606 lb)
* Gross weight: 475 kg (1,047 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 912 ULS air-cooled flat-four piston engine , 73.5 kW (98.6 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 245 km/h (152 mph, 132 kn)
* Cruise speed: 200 km/h (124 mph, 108 kn)
* Stall speed: 63 km/h (40 mph, 35 kn)
* Rate of climb: 5.0 m/s (984 ft/min)