OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Veerabhadrappa Desai

Rao Bahadur Sardar Veerabhadrappa Gunappa Desai was an Indian philanthropist, ruler of Chachadi princely state who had made significant contributions in social, religious, political, administrative, educational and literary fields. He was the 15 th Jagirdar of the Desai family. He was also a founder member of Karnatak Lingayat Education Society which was established on 11 October 1916.

## Early life

He was born on August 30, 1882. He faced many problems in his childhood because of which he could not get a proper education. He was the early ruler of a Desai's wade situated in Chachadi village of Saudatti taluk, Belagavi district. The wade was having an ownership over 33 villages. Even though he was not properly educated, he successfully ruled his province.

## Notable works

He established a primary school exclusively for girls in 1904, in order to encourage the education among girls. He also established an agricultural training school for the rural youths.

## Recognition

His great grandson Nagaraj Desai has set up the foundation named Sardar V G Desai Foundation Chachadi to promote Desai’s contributions.

## Awards and honours

He was awarded with the titles Rao Bahadur and Sardar from the British government for his social work.
# Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband

Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband (VMR-WB) is a source-controlled variable-rate multimode codec designed for robust encoding/decoding of wideband/narrowband speech. The operation of VMR-WB is controlled by speech signal characteristics (i.e., source-controlled) and by traffic condition of the network (i.e., network-controlled mode switching). Depending on the traffic conditions and the desired quality of service (QoS), one of the 4 operational modes is used. All operating modes of the existing VMR-WB standard are fully compliant with cdma2000 rate-set II. VMR-WB modes 0, 1, and 2 are cdma2000 native modes with mode 0 providing the highest quality and mode 2 the lowest ADR. VMR-WB mode 3 is the AMR-WB interoperable mode operating at an ADR slightly higher than mode 0 and providing a quality equal or better than that of AMR-WB at 12.65 kbit/s when in an interoperable interconnection with AMR-WB at 12.65 kbit/s.
Now also a cdma2000 rate-set I compliant mode is implemented to the coder as mode 4. The average bitrate of the mode is 6.1 kbit/s (maximum is 8.55 kbit/s). Source coding bitrates are: Rate-Set I - 8.55, 4.0, 2.0, 0.8 kbit/s, Rate-Set II - 13.3, 6.2, 2.7, 1.0 kbit/s. VMR-WB uses 16 kHz sampling frequency. Algorithmic delay is 33.75ms.
VMR-WB can be also used in 3GPP2 container file format - 3G2.
VMR-WB was designed by Nokia and VoiceAge. It is based on AMR-WB.
# Veinberg

Veinberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Joel Veinberg (1922–2011), Latvian and Soviet orientalist
* Pyotr Veinberg (1831–1908), Russian poet
* Emīlija Veinberga (1896–1989), Latvian politician
* Tatjana Veinberga (1943–2008), Latvian volleyball player
* Victoria Veinberg Filanovsky (born 1995), Israeli gymnast.
# Variarterivirinae

Variarterivirinae is a subfamily of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The subfamily is in the family Arteriviridae and order Nidovirales. The subfamily contains three genera.

## Structure

Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter.

## Genome

Variarteriviruses have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome.

## Taxonomy

The subfamily Variarterivirinae contains three genera:
* Betaarterivirus
* Gammaarterivirus
* Nuarterivirus
# Velilla de Cinca

Velilla de Cinca (Spanish:) or Vilella de Cinca (Catalan:) is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 441 inhabitants.
# Vas, Radlje ob Dravi

Vas (pronounced) is a settlement with a compact core on the left bank of the Drava River and extending into the hills towards Remšnik to the north in the Municipality of Radlje ob Dravi in Slovenia.
# Vassalli

Vassalli is a surname of Italian origin. People with that name include:
* Fortanerius Vassalli (died 1361), Italian Franciscan
* Giuliano Vassalli (1915–2009), Italian politician, lecturer and lawyer
* Luigi Vassalli (1812–1887), Italian Egyptologist and patriot
* Mikiel Anton Vassalli (1764–1829), Maltese writer
* Sebastiano Vassalli (1941–2015), Italian writer
# Vehicle Identity Check

The Vehicle Identity Check (VIC) was a regulation concerning car ownership that was in force in the UK between 2003 and 2015.
The VIC was introduced on 7 April 2003 and was created to prevent the illegal practice of vehicle cloning and to keep track of scrapyard vehicles. The scheme was run jointly by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) and the Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (VOSA).

## Details

The VIC applied only to cars and was intended to ensure that the vehicle registration certificate (V5C) was not issued for stolen or cloned vehicles using the identity of a destroyed vehicle. When a car was written off by an insurance company as "Category C" or higher, checking was required before the V5C could be issued.
Vehicles in Category D did not require inspection. The test, carried out by VOSA, determined whether or not a car presented was the same one that was listed on DVLA records. To apply for a check, a VIC1 Form had to be completed and submitted to VOSA. A car bought with no V5C might also require a VIC even if there had been no insurance claim to confirm its identity before a new V5C was issued.

## Closure

Up to 2012, an estimated 900,000 vehicles had been tested under the scheme. However, only 38 "ringers" or cloned vehicles had been successfully identified.
The VIC Scheme closed on 26 October 2015. Since then, the conditions for issue of a V5C are that the vehicle has obtained an MoT Test Certificate, is roadworthy and has insurance.
# Vera Szemere

Vera Szemere (born Seligmann 6 August 1923 – 3 April 1995) was a Hungarian actress.

## Selected filmography

* Gyávaság (1942)
* Male Fidelity (1942)
* Changing the Guard (1942)
* Suburban Guard Post (1943)
* Time of Trial (1942)
* Hungarian Eagles (1944)
* Boy or Girl? (1944)
* Wildfire (1944)
* Hot Fields (1949)
* Ward 9 (1955)
* A Strange Mask of Identity (1955)
* Liliomfi (1956)
* Pillar of Salt (1958)
* Lady-Killer in Trouble (1964)
* Story of My Foolishness (1966)
* Kárpáthy Zoltán (1966)
* Temporary Cloudiness (1967)
* Stars of Eger (1968)
* Alfa Romeó és Júlia (1969)
# Vellakal Palaniapa Subramania Mudaliar

Vellakal Palaniapa Subramania Mudaliar (August 14, 1857 – October 12, 1946) was a translator who translated books on veterinary diseases from English to Tamil. He studied Tamil and English at Tirunelveli mission school in Tamil Nadu and at Christian college and veterinary from Govt. veterinary college, graduating in 1884 GMAC.
He was given the title of Rao Shaib by King George V in 1926 for the best performer.
# Veronica chamaedrys

Veronica chamaedrys, the germander speedwell, bird's-eye speedwell, or cat's eyes, is a herbaceous perennial species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae.

## Description

Veronica chamaedrys can grow to 20 cm (7.9 in) tall, but is frequently shorter, with stems that are hairy only along two opposite sides. The leaves are in opposite pairs, triangular and crenate, sessile or with short petioles. The flowers are deep blue with a zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) four-lobed corolla, 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide. The capsules are wider than they are long.$^{:591}$
The blossoms of this plant wilt very quickly upon picking, which has given it the ironic name "Männertreu", or "men's faithfulness" in German.
Veronica chamaedrys is a common, hardy turf so-called weed when it invades turf and lawns. It creeps along the ground, spreading by sending down roots at the stem nodes. It is propagated both by seed and stem fragments. Leaves may defoliate in the summer and winter but the stems will grow again next season. Unlike at least five other common speedwell species, such as corn speedwell (Veronica arvensis), the leaves are opposite on both the upper and lower parts of the plant. See Veronica for special weed control considerations.
The specific name chamaedrys is a combining form meaning "low" or "on the ground" derived from ancient Greek.

## Distribution

This species is native to Europe. It is found on other continents as an introduced species.

## Uses

Veronica chamaedrys has been used in traditional Austrian herbal medicine internally (as tea) for disorders of the nervous system, respiratory tract, cardiovascular system, and metabolism. In 18th century Britain, the plant had the reputation of being a cure for gout as well as being popular for making tea, the latter being so prevalent that the plant was nearly eradicated from London during the 18th century.
# Vic Stout

R. Victor Stout (August 18, 1908 – June 17, 1969) was an American administrator who served as athletic director at Boston University from 1956 to 1965.
Stout was a standout athlete at Newton High School and played baseball at Boston University. He graduated from BU in 1932.
Stout spent nine years as a sports and news writer for the Boston Evening Traveller. In 1942, he joined the United States Army. He was the public relations and athletic officer at Fort Devens until 1945, when he was placed on active duty in the Pacific. In 1946 he became the director of athletics and physical education at Massachusetts State College–Fort Devens.
In 1949, Stout returned to Boston University as sports information director. He was given the additional job of assistant athletic director in 1951. In 1956 he was promoted to athletic director after the resignation of Buff Donelli. He was the first BU alumnus to serve as the school's athletic director. In 1965, the school's athletic department was consolidated with the physical education and recreation department and Stout was reassigned to the position of graduate manager of athletics, which he held until his death on June 17, 1969.
# Vicarage Meadows

Vicarage Meadows is a Site of Special Scientific Interest near Abergwesyn, Powys, Wales.
The 3.6 hectares (8.9 acres) site, located close to the Nant Irfon National Nature Reserve, has unimproved acid grassland on which grow the small-white orchid, the fragrant orchid (Gymnadenia conopsea), the Greater Butterfly orchid (Platanthera chlorantha) and the Wood Bitter-vetch (Vicia orobus). The site is grazed by Exmoor ponies.
# Verticordia sect. Cooloomia

Verticordia sect. Cooloomia is a section that describes a single species in the flowering plant genus Verticordia. The section is one of seven in the subgenus, Verticordia subg. Chrysoma. The characteristics of this section includes leaves that differ in shape, depending on their position on the plant and very small sepals. In most other respects, the one plant in this section is similar to those in section Verticordia sect. Chrysoma.
When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991, he described the section and gave it the name Cooloomia after Verticordia cooloomia, the only species it contains.
# Vicente Troudart

Vicente Troudart was a Panamanian baseball umpire who worked numerous international events, including the 2004 Olympics. He died January 9, 2016, at 64 years old.
# Verticordia sect. Integripetala

Verticordia sect. Integripetala is one of six sections in the subgenus Eperephes. It includes five species of plants in the genus Verticordia. Plants in this section are mostly small, bushy shrubs with needle-like leaves and dark red to pink or creamy-white flowers with their petals having smooth edges. Most species are confined to the wheatbelt. When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991, he described the section and gave it the name Integripetala. The name Integripetala is from the Latin words integer meaning "whole", "entire" or "sound"$^{:440}$ and petalum meaning "petal"$^{:600}$ referring smooth or entire edges of the petals in these species.
The type species for this section is Verticordia picta and the other four species are V. helmsii, V. rennieana, V. interioris and V. mirabilis.
# Verticordia sect. Jugata

Verticordia sect. Jugata is one of seven sections in the subgenus Chrysoma. It includes seven species of plants in the genus Verticordia. Plants in this section are mostly bushy shrubs to 1.0 m (3 ft) tall with bright yellow flowers which in some species turn red as they age. They have sepals with fringed lobes, petals which have lobes arranged like the fingers of a hand and bracteoles which are joined together and remain attached to the flower after it opens. When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991, he described the section and gave it the name Jugata. The name Jugata is from the Latin word jugis meaning "yoked together" referring to the arrangement of the bracteoles in these species.
The type species for this section is Verticordia chrysantha and the other six species are V. chrysanthella, V. galeata, V. brevifolia V. coronata, V. amphigia and V. laciniata.
# Victory Road

Victory Road may refer to:
* Impact Wrestling Victory Road, a professional wrestling event
* Victory Road (video game), a 1986 arcade game
* Victory Road, a street in Salt Lake City, Utah that is part of Utah State Route 186
* Victory Road (Pokémon), a location in the Pokémon video games
# Villa Celiera

Villa Celiera is a comune and town in the province of Pescara in the Abruzzo region of Italy. It is located in the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park. The economy is based on agriculture (potatoes, cereals) and animal husbandry. The town mayor is Domenico Vespa. The town is famous for having created arrosticini, a lamb kabob that has become a favorite throughout Italy. The most famous butchery that creates the arrosticini in Villa Celiera is macelleria Ginestra.
The town borders the Abruzzo National Park.
A few expatriates return from other countries in the summer - mainly South Africans. The main ethnic groups are Italian with minor Romanian immigrants that have come within the 2000-2013 era. The natives speak a local dialect called Cellarotto.
The town is well known for its famous restaurants, including the famous Celentano - whose owner is now deceased, and IL Fungarolo.
Winter attractions include skiing and sledding. Summer attractions include hiking, mushroom finding and hunting.
WORLD WAR TWO
The town is famous for its famous resistance against partisan soldiers after Mussolini was captured an hour away in Campo Imperatore. The town has always had a strong discipline of woodsman training regime, called the Alpine Guard, that was used by the Kingdom of Italy as shock troops in multiple wars including the Italian conquest of Libya and the first and second wars of Ethiopia.
At 6:00 A. M., of October 30, 1944, 5,000 communist partisans ascended into the town from the nearby town of Vestea to subdue local pro-fascist movements. The ragtag group of fascists, outnumbered 3 to 1, led by the now deceased Amadeo Inzaghi, fought the communist on the Mount of Bertona. The fascists troops defeated the disorganized partisans. Although, the skirmish was insignificant in the history books and reported only by local pro fascist newspapers, the inhabitants of the town still retain the sense of pride from the battle.
# Vigilante Hideout

Vigilante Hideout is a 1950 American Western film directed by Fred C. Brannon, written by Richard Wormser, and starring Allan Lane, Eddy Waller, Roy Barcroft, Virginia Herrick, Cliff Clark and Don Haggerty. It was released on August 6, 1950, by Republic Pictures.

## Plot

Currently on YouTube.

## Cast

* Allan Lane as Rocky Lane
* Black Jack as Black Jack
* Eddy Waller as Nugget Clark
* Roy Barcroft as Muley Price
* Virginia Herrick as Marigae Sanders
* Cliff Clark as Howard Sanders
* Don Haggerty as Jim Benson
* Paul Campbell as Ralph Barrows
* Guy Teague as Blackie
* Art Dillard as Henchman Pete
# Mecyclothorax paradoxus

Mecyclothorax paradoxus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Blackburn in 1879.
# Megacorma hoffmani

Megacorma hoffmani is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Papua New Guinea.
# Megaherpystis melanoneura

Megaherpystis melanoneura is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Japan, Korea, China (Anhui, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi), Taiwan, Thailand, India and Vietnam.
# Medicine Owl Lake

Medicine Owl Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Amphitheater Mountain rises to the southwest and Medicine Owl Peak is immediately west of the lake. Medicine Owl Lake is in the remote backcountry of Glacier National Park and no designated or maintained trails are nearby.
# Medicine Man (disambiguation)

A medicine man is a traditional healer and spiritual leader among the indigenous people of the Americas.
Medicine Man or The Medicine Man may also refer to:

## Films

* The Medicine Man (1917 film), an American silent film directed by Clifford Smith
* The Medicine Man (1930 film), an American comedy film directed by Scott Pembroke
* The Medicine Man (1933 film), a British comedy film directed by Redd Davis
* Medicine Man (film), 1992 American romantic adventure

## Music

* "Medicine Man" (song), a 2015 song by Dr. Dre
* "Medicine Man", a song by Gwen Stefani from the soundtrack to the 2017 documentary film Served Like a Girl
* "Medicine Man", a song by Aldo Nova from the 1991 album Blood on the Bricks
* "Medicine Man", a song by Terry Cashman, Gene Pistilli, and Tommy West, aka Buchanan Brothers, from 1969
* "Medicine Man", a song by Bobby McFerrin from the 1990 album Medicine Music
* "Medicine Man", a song by Pantera from the 1990 album Cowboys from Hell
* "Medicine Man", a song by Riot from the 1993 album Nightbreaker
* "Medicine Man", an early version of the song "Rock! Rock! (Till You Drop)" by Def Leppard

## Other

* "The Medicine Man" (story), a 1933 short story by Erskine Caldwell
* The Medicine Man (Dallin), an 1899 sculpture
# Meganophthalmus

Meganophthalmus is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. There are about five described species in Meganophthalmus, found in Russia and Georgia.

## Species

These five species belong to the genus Meganophthalmus:
* Meganophthalmus irinae Belousov & Zamotajlov, 1999 (Russia)
* Meganophthalmus kravetzi Komarov, 1993 (Russia)
* Meganophthalmus kutaissianus (Zaitzev, 1941) (Georgia)
* Meganophthalmus medvedevi Belousov & Koval, 2009 (Georgia)
* Meganophthalmus mirabilis Kurnakov, 1959 (Georgia)
# Meganola strigula

Meganola strigula, the small black arches, is a moth of the family Nolidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in Europe, Russia and Asia Minor.
The wingspan is 18–24 mm. Adults are on wing from June to July and can be attracted to light.
The larvae feed on Quercus (including Quercus robur), Fagus, Prunus and Tilia species.
Its habitat includes mature deciduous woodland, where the larvae are believed to feed on oak (Quercus).
# Megachile intermixta

Megachile intermixta is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstaecker in 1869.
# Megiddo (EP)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Chronicles of Chaos | 4/10 |
Megiddo is the first EP by Norwegian black metal band Satyricon, and the first release following their 1996 studio album Nemesis Divina.

## Background

On the EP, the band commented, "Megiddo marked five years of Satyricon, and it gave us the chance to break down some barriers and do something completely different."

## Personnel
### Satyricon

* Satyr (Sigurd Wongraven) – vocals, guitar, bass guitar, keyboards
* Frost (Kjetil-Vidar Haraldstad) – drums

### Session musicians

* Gerlioz (Geir Bratland) – synthesizer on "Night of Divine Power"
* Grothesk (Stephan Groth) – synthesizer, programming on "Orgasmatron"
* Anders Odden – guitars, bass guitar on "Orgasmatron"
# Meelaku

Meelaku is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County in Estonia.
# Meeli

Meeli is an Estonian feminine given name. The masculine version is Meelis.
People named Meeli include:
* Meeli Kõiva (born 1960), artist
* Meeli Sööt (born 1937), actress
* Meeli Truu (1946-2013), architect
# Meelick

Meelick may refer to the following places in the West of Ireland:
* Meelick, County Clare
* Meelick, County Mayo
* Meelick, County Galway
# Megumi Itō (synchronized swimmer)

Megumi Itō (伊東 恵, Itō Megumi, born 6 March 1966) is a former Japanese competitor in synchronised swimming. She competed for Japan in the women's solo competition at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
She won two bronze medals at the 1986 World Aquatics Championships.
# Megachile cincta

Megachile cincta is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1781.
# Mokeri

Mokeri is a census town in Mokeri panchayat of Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala.

## Demographics

As of 2011 Census, Mokeri had population of 19,684 which constitutes 9,039 (45.9%) males and 10,645 (54.1%) females. Mokeri census town has an area of 10.53 km$^2$ (4.07 sq mi) with 4,292 families residing in it. Average sex ratio was 1178 higher than state average of 1084. In Mokeri, 11% of the population was under 6 years age. Mokeri had average literacy of 95.9% higher than state average of 94%; male literacy stands at 97.7% and female literacy was 94.5%.

## Educational institutions

Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Higher Secondary School

## Transportation

The national highway passes through Thalassery town. Goa and Mumbai can be accessed on the northern side and Cochin and Thiruvananthapuram can be accessed on the southern side. The road to the east of Iritty connects to Mysore and Bangalore. The nearest railway station is Thalassery on Mangalore-Palakkad line. its 10 km away. Trains are available to almost all parts of India subject to advance booking over the internet. There are airports at kannur international airportMangalore and Calicut. 3 are international airports but direct flights are available only to Middle Eastern countries.
# National Center for Engineering and Technology Education

The National Center for Engineering and Technology Education is a partnership of four land-grant research universities (Utah State University, the University of Minnesota, the University of Illinois and the University of Georgia), five technology teacher education universities (Brigham Young University, California State University at Los Angeles, University of Wisconsin–Stout, Illinois State University and North Carolina A&T State University) and fifteen K–12 school districts. The center was funded by the National Science Foundation in 2004 under NSF program award 0426421.

## Goals

The ultimate goal of the center is to rethink the pedagogy of technology education programs to include more engineering content and design, problem solving, and analytical skills and to implement those changes in technology teacher education programs around the United States. This will be accomplished through the teaming of engineering and technology education faculty at NCETE sites in a three pronged approach:
* Graduate student fellowships will create educational leaders engaged in technology teacher preparation and professional development with the skills required to integrate engineering and technology education.
* Research on how students learn technological concepts, problem solving and how technology teachers can best be prepared for teaching engineering concepts and how such programs can be evaluated will be conducted
* Professional development for 9–12 grade teachers will be conducted and will focus on instructions techniques that support the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) initiative.