OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Germanium(IV) iodide

Germanium(IV) iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula GeI$_4$.

## Preparation

Germanium(IV) iodide can be obtained by the reaction of germanium and iodine or the reaction of germanium dioxide and 57% hydriodic acid:
    GeO$_2$ + 4 HI → GeI$_4$ + 2 H$_2$O

## Chemical properties

Germanium(IV) iodide reacts with tetraalkyl tin at 250 °C to form R$_2$SnI$_2$ and R$_2$GeI$_2$ (R= Et, Bu, Ph). It reacts with germanium and sulfur at high temperatures to produce red GeSI$_2$ and orange Ge$_2$S$_3$I$_2$. It reacts with diiron nonacarbonyl in an ionic liquid ([BMIm]Cl/AlCl$_3$) at 130 °C to obtain Ge$_{12}$[Fe(CO)$_3$]$_8$I$_4$.
    12 GeI$_4$ + 15 Fe$_2$(CO)$_9$ → Ge$_{12}$[Fe(CO)$_3$]$_8$I$_4$ + 22 FeI$_2$ + 111 CO↑

## Physical properties

Germanium(IV) iodide is an orange-red crystalline solid that hydrolyzes in water. It is soluble in carbon disulfide and benzene, but less soluble in carbon tetrachloride and chloroform. It begins to decompose into germanium(II) iodide and iodine above its melting point. Germanium(IV) iodide crystallizes in the cubic crystal system, space group Pa3 (space group no. 205), with the lattice parameter a = 11.89 Å. The crystal structure consists of tetrahedral GeI$_4$ molecules.
# Attract

Attract may refer to:
* Physical attractiveness, personal features considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful
* Interpersonal attraction, a part of social psychology
* Attract mode, in video gaming
# Saadeh

Saadeh (in سعادة) or Saadé is a common Lebanese family name based on the Arabic for happiness. Alternative ways of writing the name are Saade, Saadé and Saada.

## Persons

* Antun Saadeh, Lebanese-Syrian nationalist philosopher, writer and politician who founded the Syrian Social Nationalist Party
* Eric Saade, Swedish singer of Palestinian-Lebanese origin
* Georges Saadeh, Lebanese politician, former minister and former head of the Kataeb (Phalangist) party
* Jacques Saadé, Lebanese-born businessman, living in Marseille, France
* Jorge Saade, Ecuadorian violinist of Lebanese descent
* Nemer Saadé, Lebanese men's fashion designer
* Wadih Saadeh, Lebanese poet, writer, and journalist
* Rany Saadeh, German-Palestinian Mixed Martial Arts fighter
* Saadé family, Syrian family who own wineries in the Middle East
* Professor Charbel Saade, An Australian born Lebanese from Bsharri who is a world renowned Professor of Medical Imaging/Radiology

## Others

* Saade Vol. 1, a 2011 album by Swedish singer Eric Saade
* Saade Vol. 2, a 2011 album by Swedish singer Eric Saade and follow up to Saade Vol. 1
* Saadeh v. Farouki, a judicial case decided in the D.C. Circuit that espoused a narrow reading of existing laws in order to limit US federal diversity jurisdiction.
# Ballantyne Strait

The Ballantyne Strait is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Northwest Territories of Canada. It separates Prince Patrick Island (to the south-west) and Brock Island (to the north-east). It opens into the Arctic Ocean to the north-west.
# Nguyễn Chích

Nguyễn Chích (阮隻), also Lê Chích (黎隻) (1382–1448), was an ethnic Mường general and advisor of Lê Lợi, the founding emperor of the Later Lê dynasty.
He was from Đông Ninh village, Đông Sơn District. He established the fort at Hoàng Nghiêu (modern Đông Nam) in Đông Sơn District. In 1425, during the Lam Sơn uprising, he encouraged Lê Lợi to invade Nghê An, then ruled by the Chinese Ming dynasty.
# Grotta dell'Arsenale

The Grotta dell'Arsenale is a cave on the island of Capri, southern Italy.
It may have been used in the time of Roman emperor Tiberius as a depot for naval stores. It measures 4 m long by 3.5 wide by 1.5 m high. Excavations made in 1777 in the shingle, which still covers the floor to a depth of from 1.2 to 1.5 m, showed evidence of traces in the walls of two or three rooms which were of Roman workmanship, along with a floor of coloured marbles and some iron fragments, which have been identified as part of the plant of the ancient naval station, or perhaps of a Roman galley. Although the floor of the cave is 2.4 m above the sea, in southerly gales, waves hit it so forcefully as to render its use as a storehouse out of the question. The walls unearthed here indicate, therefore, that at the time they were built, this cave stood higher above the sea than it does at present.
The cave itself seems to have been formed by marine erosion when the land-level was at least 2.4 m lower than it is at present, at a period which must have been much prior to Roman times.
# John Hotham (bishop)

John Hotham (died 1337) was a medieval Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord High Treasurer, Lord Chancellor and Bishop of Ely. He was also the effective Governor of Ireland for a time.
Hotham was the son of Alan and Matilda Hotham of Hotham and nephew of William Hotham, Archbishop of Dublin. His early career was spent in Ireland, where he became Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland until 1310. He was then appointed, on 13 December 1312, Chancellor of the Exchequer in England, a post he held until June 1316. Due to his knowledge of Irish affairs, he spent a good part of the Bruce Campaign in Ireland in that country, overseeing the Irish defences and exercising temporary powers of government. His firm action is generally credited with helping to bring about the defeat of the Scots invasion.
Hotham was elected to Ely on about 20 June 1316 and consecrated on 3 October 1316. Later that year he went to meet the pope in Avignon with the earl of Pembroke, partly to plead the case for the promotion of Alexander Bicknor as Archbishop of Dublin. After returning from Avignon, he was appointed Lord High Treasurer of England on 27 May 1317 but left that office in June 1318. when he was promoted as Lord Chancellor of England on 11 June 1318, an office he held until 26 January 1320.
Although close to King Edward II, Hotham switched allegiance to Queen Isabella when she successfully invaded to depose the king in September 1326. He was consequently appointed chancellor for the second time by her on behalf of the young King Edward III on 28 January 1327. He retired from government in 1328.
Hotham died about 14 January 1337 after two years of paralysis and was buried in Ely Cathedral.

## Citations

* 1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 244
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 104
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 86
# God's Own Country (disambiguation)

God's Own Country is a phrase meaning an area or region supposedly favoured by God.
God's Own Country may also refer to:
* Kerala, an Indian state, often termed as such in tourism campaigns
** God's Own Country (2014 film), an Indian Malayalam-language drama film set in Kerala
* Yorkshire, a county in England, also referred to as "God's own county"
** God's Own Country (2017 film), a British gay-themed drama film set in Yorkshire
# Henry Canine

Henry Edison Canine (July 28, 1901 – June 12, 1939) was an American football coach and physical education instructor. Canine received national recognition from his master's thesis, where he advocated for a lighter-weight discus in high school competition. His suggestion was adopted by the National High School Athletic Association.
Canine was the second head football coach at Adams State College—now known as Adams State University—in Alamosa, Colorado and he held that position for the 1938 season. His coaching record at Adams State was 1–4–1. He also served as athletic director during that year.
Canine played at the collegiate level at the University of Idaho. He married Mary Hagen in June 1928. He began his coaching career with Rock Island High School before he coached in Aledo, Illinois for eleven years while also teaching mathematics.
Canine died on June 12, 1939, the summer after his first year of coaching at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Adams State Grizzlies (Independent) (1938) ||||||
| 1938 | Adams State | 1–4–1 |
| Adams State: | Adams State: | 1–4–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 1–4–1 |
# Problem picture

A problem picture is a genre of art popular in late Victorian painting, characterised by the deliberately ambiguous depiction of a key moment in a narrative that can be interpreted in several different ways, or which portrays an unresolved dilemma. It has some relation to the problem play. The viewer of the picture is invited to speculate about several different possible explanations of the scene. The genre has much in common with that of book illustration, then at its most popular, but with the text belonging to the illustration omitted.
The genre began to emerge in the second half of the nineteenth century, along with the development of book illustrations that depicted "pregnant" moments in a narrative. One of the earliest problem pictures is John Everett Millais' Trust Me, which depicts an older man demanding that a young woman hand him a letter she has received. Either character might be uttering the words. The significance and content of the letter is left to the imagination. Their relationship is also unclear; in view of their ages, they might be a married couple, or a father and daughter.
Other artists who worked in the genre included William Frederick Yeames, whose "And when did you last see your father?" became the most famous example of the genre. It depicts a young boy of the English Civil War period being gently interrogated by Cromwellian troops who are looking for his Royalist father. It is implied that they are asking a trick question designed to discover his location. The painting is poised at the moment the child is about to answer. Yeames painted many other works of this type, including Amy Robsart and Defendant and Counsel. When the latter was exhibited a newspaper ran a competition for readers to guess what crime the woman was accused of.
Some avant garde artists also experimented with the genre, notably Edgar Degas and his follower Walter Sickert. Degas's Interior (1869) depicts an ambiguous scene suggestive of sexual transgression and violence (hence the alternative title of "the Rape"). Similar ambiguity is found in Sickert's The Camden Town Murder (1908), in which the two figures can be interpreted as a couple, or a killer and his victim.
The genre continued to be popular into the early twentieth century, but was by this time increasingly seen as old fashioned and as over-literary, against the emphasis on pictorial style and form characteristic of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism.
# Attila Silvester

Attila-Akyla Silvester (30 July 1944 – 22 February 2010) was a famous Greek dancer, choreographer and director. He is most famous for the ballet presentations of Orpheus, La Fille Mal Gardée and Zorba the Greek.

## Biography
### Choreography career

Attila Silvester began his choreography career by joining the Greek National Opera House in Athens as a lead dancer. Concurrently, he presented choreographies for Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet, Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain and Drigo's Le Corsaire - Pas de deux. Some of the collaborations he has done, are with famous ballet dancers such as Vladimir Vasiliev, Rudolf Nureyev, Ekaterina Maximova and Carla Fracci.
He is well known for a number of choreographies, such as: Vivaldi "Le quattro stagioni", Schubert's "Der Tod und das Mädchen". Ommagio ad Albinoni, Adam's "Giselle", Nutcracker and Swan Lake, Léo Delibes's "Coppelia", Herold and John Lanchbery's "La Fille Mal Gardée (for which he received an award for the best choreography), Rimsky Korsakov's Scheherazade, Berlioz Symphonie fantastique, Scriabin's "Third Symphony", Ludwig Minkus's "Don Quijote" and "La Bayadère", Aram Khachaturian's "Gayane", Nikolai Schedrin's "Carmen", Manos Hatzidakis's "Gioconda's Smile".
Atilla Silvester has also worked as a teacher for a number of institutions: Astaldi(Rome), Pecs (Hungary), Roma Ballet, Compagnia Nazionale Italiana danza Classica (Rome), Fondazzione Piccini (Rome), Teatro Petruzzeli (Bari), Astra Ballet (Rome), R.Higtawer (Cannes).
In 2001, he is employed by Constanţa's State Opera House in Romania, as a director for Mikis Theodorakis's "The Dead Brother's Song" and in 2003, in the same stage, he presents the ballet "La Fille Mal Gardée" and in 2005, Nikos Kazantzakis's "Zorba the Greek". In 2007, Attila-Akyla Silvester presented the ballet Orpheus, with Teatrul de opera si balet "Oleg Danovsky" at Constanţa, in a world premiere. In 2008, he directs the ballet "Ciuleandra" by Liviu Rebreanu.
# Sadou Soloké

Sadou Soloké is the Governor of the Agadez Region, Niger.

## Political positions

Soloké has stated that the government supports reopening the Djado Plateau for gold mining, with additional regulations.
# L'apache

L'apache is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by Joe De Grasse and written by Adele Buffington in her first screenplay, John Lynch, and R. Cecil Smith. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Robert Elliott, Macey Harlam, Austin Webber, George Furry, Frank Cluxon, and Alice Gale. The film was released on November 2, 1919, by Paramount Pictures. It is not known whether the film currently survives.

## Cast

* Dorothy Dalton as Natalie 'La Bourget' Bourget / Helen Armstrong
* Robert Elliott as Otis Mayne
* Macey Harlam as Jean Bourget
* Austin Webber as Harrison Forbes
* George Furry as Professor Armstrong
* Frank Cluxon as Tom Gordon
* Alice Gale as Jane
* Louis Darclay as The Mouse
* Clara Beyers as Zelie
# News Live

News Live may refer to:
* News Live (Indian TV channel), an Indian Assamese-language satellite news channel
* News Live (Philippine TV program), a Philippine TV program, formerly known as News TV Live
# Didelta spinosa

Didelta spinosa, belonging to the family of Asteraceae, is a Southern African woody shrub or small tree endemic to the West Coast and found from Saldanha Bay in the south across the Gariep into the south-west corner of Namibia. Growing 2–3 m tall and drought-resistant, its preferred habitat is on dry, rocky slopes. This species was introduced to Europe by Thunberg and Masson.
Leaves are opposite, shiny, oval to elliptic with margins rolled under (revolute) with irregular spine-tipped teeth - young leaves and twigs somewhat felted; flowers with an outer row of unusually large and leaf-like bracts with mucronate apices, and which become membranous with age; fruits in spine-fringed cells. Flowering takes place from midwinter to early spring. There are only 2 species in this genus, the other being Didelta carnosa. Recent phylogeny studies have placed the genus Didelta and Berkheya spinosissima in the same clade.
The beetle Julodis viridipes has been recorded feeding on the foliage of D. spinosa, whereas the nematodes Scutellonema brachyurus, Paratrichodorus meyeri and Xiphinema loteni have a close association with the tree.

## History

The two currently recognised species of Didelta were first described in 1781 by Carl Linnaeus the Younger and placed in the genus Polymnia, an American genus to which they were ill-suited. In 1785 a detailed colour plate by Buc'hoz was published in Grand Jardin de l'Univers of a plant that had been cultivated at Trianon and named Breteuillia trianensis by him - the plant clearly being Linnaeus' Polymnia carnosa. The genus Didelta was based on this same plant and published in L'Heritier's Stirpes novae in 1786 as Didelta tetragoniifolia. The genus Breteuillia thus predates Didelta but Burtt recommended that the name Didelta should be conserved because of its wide usage. Didelta tetragoniifolia was later shown to be Linnaeus the Younger's Polymnia carnosa, and this species, together with its sibling Polymnia spinosa, was transferred to Didelta. Joseph Gaertner in his monumental work "De frvctibvs et seminibvs plantarvm" of 1788-1792 published the species as Favonium spinosum (see illustration). Thunberg in his 1800 work Prodromus Plantarum Capensium v2 p163 placed both species in a new genus Choristea.
# RISE International

RISE is an organization that builds primary schools in rural Angola to educate children, empower communities, and contribute to the rebuilding of the country. RISE works to give thousands of children the opportunity to receive an education.

## History

Founded as the African Refugee Committee (ARC) in 2001, the organization brought relief, development, and support to refugees of the 27-year Angolan Civil War, both in Namibia and Zambia. When the war ended in 2002, an entire generation was left unable to read and write. RISE was committed to help rebuild Angola, building primary schools in rural areas. While the Angolan Ministry of Education concentrated their efforts primarily in urban areas, RISE focused on bringing the opportunity for education to children in remote, less accessible regions of the country.
# Russia women's national floorball team

Russia women's national floorball team is the national team of Russia. At the 1997 Floorball Women's World Championship in Godby and Mariehamn, Åland, Finland, the team finished fifth. At the 1999 Floorball Women's World Championship in Borlänge, Sweden, the team withdrew from the competition and were relegated to the B-Division. At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished first in the B-Division and were elevated to the A-Division. At the 2003 Floorball Women's World Championship in Germany, the team finished fifth in the A-Division. At the 2005 Floorball Women's World Championship in Singapore, the team finished sixth in the A-Division. At the 2007 Floorball Women's World Championship in Frederikshavn, Denmark, the team finished seventh in the A-Division. At the 2013 Floorball Women's World Championship in Brno and Ostrava, Czech Republic, the team finished tenth.
# Asteritea

Asteritea is a genus of fungi in the Microthyriaceae family; according to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the placement in this family is uncertain. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Asteritea roureae. Asteritea is a parasitic or saprobic fungus that appears as black spots on the underside of leaves. Wu, Hyde, and Chen describe Asteritea as having "flattened ascomata with a star-like opening and superficial mycelium with hyphopodia" and suggest placement in the Asterinaceae family.
# Sadoul

Sadoul is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Georges Sadoul (1904–1967), French journalist and cinema writer
* Numa Sadoul (born 1947), French writer, actor, and director
* Jacques Sadoul (1934–2013), French author
* Jacques Sadoul (politician) (1881–1956), French communist politician
# L'apparenza

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Ondarock | – recommended |
L'apparenza (The appearance) is the seventeenth studio album by the Italian singer and songwriter Lucio Battisti. It was released on 7 October 1988 by Numero Uno.
The album was Italy's 17th best-selling album in 1988.

## Track listing

All lyrics were written by Pasquale Panella, all music compcompoowas sed by Lucio Battisti.
* "A portata di mano" (Handy) – 5:17
* "Specchi opposti" (Opposed Mirrors) – 4:19
* "Allontanando" (Departing) – 4:41
* "L'apparenza" (The Appearance) – 4:35
* "Per altri motivi" (For Other Reasons) – 4:18
* "Per nome" (By Name) – 5:23
* "Dalle prime battute" (From The First Beats) – 4:57
* "Lo scenario" (The Scenario) – 4:38

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart | Highest position |
| Italy (Musica e dischi) | 2 |
# Nga (god)

Among the Nenets people of Siberia, Nga was the god of death, as well as one of two demiurges, or supreme gods.
According to one story, the world threatened to collapse on itself. To try to halt this cataclysm a shaman sought the advice of the other demiurge, Num. The shaman was advised to travel below the earth, to Nga's domain and call upon him. The shaman did as told and was wed with Nga's daughter. After that point he began to support the world in his hand and became known as "The Old Man of the Earth." In another myth, Num and Nga create the world, collaborating and also competing with each other — the myth is an example of dualistic cosmology.
# Brontispalaelaps marianneae

Brontispalaelaps marianneae is a species of mite in the family Ameroseiidae.
# Didem

Didem (IPA:) is a feminine Turkish given name, from Persian "dide"+ Turkish first person pronoun "m"; meaning the “pupil of my eye”, “my beloved one”, “darling”. It may refer to:

## Given name

* Diğdem Hoşgör (born 1991), Turkish handball player
* Didem Balık (born 1974), Turkish opera singer
* Didem Ege (born 1988), Turkish volleyball player
* Didem Erol (born 1975), Turkish actress
* Didem Karagenç (born 1993), Turkish footballer
* Didem Kinali (born 1986), Turkish belly dancer
* Didem Taş (born 1992), Turkish footballer
* Didem Ünsal (born 1966), Turkish journalist, television presenter and author

## Fictional characters

* Didem, main character in 2011 Turkish romantic comedy film And Then What?
# RARB

RARB may refer to:
* Recorded A Cappella Review Board
* Retinoic acid receptor beta, a human gene
# Kika, Benin

Kika is a town and arrondissement in the Borgou Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Tchaourou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 12398.
# Gert Bonnier

Gert Bonnier (1890 – 1961) was a Swedish geneticist and Drosophila researcher. He was a professor in the zoology department at Stockholm College.

## Family life

A member of the Bonnier family, Bonnier was the third of four sons of Karl Otto Bonnier, a publisher who served as leader of the Albert Bonniers förlag publishing house. Unlike his three brothers, Gert did not work at his father's publishing house.