OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Microplana terrestris

Microplana terrestris is a species of free-living, terrestrial flatworm in the order Tricladida. It was first described in 1773 by the Danish naturalist Otto Friedrich Müller as Fasciola terrestris, but has since been reassigned to the genus Microplana.

## Description

Microplana terrestris, like all flatworms, is an unsegmented, soft-bodied bilaterian without a body cavity, and with no specialized circulatory or respiratory organs. Like other members of Geoplanidae, it is dorso-ventrally flattened and creeps along with the whole of its ventral surface in contact with the substrate. It is between 1 and 2 cm (0.4 and 0.8 in) in length and between 1 and 2 mm (0.04 and 0.08 in) wide. The anterior end is blunt and the colour is usually black or dark grey.

## Distribution

Microplana terrestris is native to Western Europe. Its range extends from Sweden in the north to the United Kingdom and Ireland and France, to Greece in the east. It requires a moist habitat. It has also been introduced into North America.

## Ecology and behavior

Cilia provide the propulsive force when this flatworm moves. It can also produce stationary muscular waves along its body which can speed up its progression. It produces mucus as it moves, and when using stationary waves, leaves intermittent "footprints" of slime. It can use its mucus trail as a "suspension bridge" to pass from one leaf to another.
This flatworm is a generalist carnivore, feeding mostly on earthworms, slugs, snails and small arthropods. It rarely attacks live, uninjured specimens, preferring to feed on dead or injured prey.
Sexual reproduction occurs but it is able and frequently does reproduce without mating, producing cocoons containing several hatchlings. The first cocoon is produced 195 (±75) days after hatching and a further cocoon is produced about once a month thereafter. In the laboratory, one individual lived for 39 months. This flatworm is able to regenerate after being cut into two pieces, although it appears to greatly reduce its longevity.
# Bidaoui

Bidaoui is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ahmed El Bidaoui (1918–1991), Moroccan musician and singer
* Soufiane Bidaoui (born 1990), Moroccan professional footballer
# Frank Sanderson

Sir Frank Bernard Sanderson, 1st Baronet (4 October 1880 – 18 July 1965) was a British Conservative Party politician and public servant.
During the First World War, Sanderson was Controller of Trench Warfare, National Shell Filling Factories and Stores at the Ministry of Munitions.
He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Darwen constituency at the 1922 general election, but was defeated at the 1923 general election by the Liberal Frederick Hindle. He regained the seat from Hindle in 1924, but lost it again at the 1929 general election to the future Liberal leader, Herbert Samuel.
Sanderson did not contest Darwen again, and at the 1931 general election he was returned to Parliament as MP for Ealing. He held that seat until its abolition for the 1945 general election, when was elected in the new Ealing East constituency. He retired from the House of Commons at the 1950 general election.
Sanderson was an advocate of compulsory voting.
Sanderson married Edith Amy Wing in 1904 and had sons Frank and Derek. He was created a baronet, of Malling Deanery in South Malling in the County of Sussex, in the 1920 Birthday Honours for his wartime work.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Compulsory Vote BIll". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 30 May 1939. p. 11. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
* ↑ "No. 31931". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 June 1920. p. 6314.
# Andi Sultan Daeng Radja

Andi Sultan Daeng Radja (1894–1963) was an Indonesian politician, who is now regarded as a National Hero of Indonesia.
# Kassila

Kassila may refer to:
* Matti Kassila (1924–2018), Finnish director
* Kassila, Senegal [fr], a village in Senegal
# Ristella

Ristella is a genus of skinks, lizards in the family Scincidae. The genus is endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India. Member species are commonly known as cat skinks because of their retractile claws. This genus can be instantly identified by the presence of only four fingers in forelimbs in all the species (instead of the usual five). All the members look more or less similar, and are drab dark brown to blackish in colouration, with paler undersides. This poorly known group of lizards is diurnal, insectivorous, terrestrial to semi-fossorial in habits. They inhabit deep leaf-litter and grasslands in montane forests and rainforests.

## Description

Lizards of the genus Ristella share the following characters. The palatine and pterygoid bones are in contact on the median line of the palate, which is toothless. The palatine notch is small, far behind, corresponding to the posterior notch of the tongue. The teeth are conical. The eyelids are well developed, and are scaly. The ear-opening is distinct. The nostril is pierced in a single nasal scale. There are no supranasals. The prefrontals are small or coalesced. The frontoparietals and the interparietal are distinct. The limbs are well developed. The anterior limbs have four digits, and the posterior have five. The claws are completely retractile, each into a large compressed sheath formed of one large scale cleft beneath.

## Geographic range

All species in the genus Ristella are endemic to the Western Ghats hill-tracts of southwestern India. Currently these skinks have been recorded from the southern and central Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka states. Hill ranges such as Travancore hills, High Ranges, Anaimalai, Nilgiris, Palni Hills, Coorg, Canara and Goa Ghats have been known to harbour these lizards.

## Key to species

* A. A pair of small prefrontals; frontonasal forming a suture with frontal.
** a. Ear-opening much larger than nostril; dorsal scales feebly bi- or tricarinate.
*** R. rurkii
** b. Ear-opening not, or but slightly, larger than nostril; dorsal scales sharply bicarinate.
*** R. travancorica
* B. Two azygous shields between rostral and frontal.
** a. 22 to 24 scales round middle of body; adpressed limbs not meeting.
*** R. guentheri
** b 26 scales round body; adpressed limbs meeting or overlapping.
*** R. beddomii

## Species

The following four species are recognized as being valid:
* Ristella beddomii Boulenger, 1887 – Beddome's cat skink
* Ristella guentheri Boulenger, 1887 – Günther's ristella
* Ristella rurkii Gray, 1839 – Rurk's ristella
* Ristella travancorica (Beddome, 1870) – Travancore cat skink, Travancore ristella
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Ristella.
# Anaplasia

Anaplasia (from Ancient Greek ἀνά (ana) 'backward' and πλάσις (plasis) 'formation') is a condition of cells with poor cellular differentiation, losing the morphological characteristics of mature cells and their orientation with respect to each other and to endothelial cells. The term also refers to a group of morphological changes in a cell (nuclear pleomorphism, altered nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, presence of nucleoli, high proliferation index) that point to a possible malignant transformation.
Such loss of structural differentiation is especially seen in most, but not all, malignant neoplasms. Sometimes, the term also includes an increased capacity for multiplication. Lack of differentiation is considered a hallmark of aggressive malignancies (for example, it differentiates leiomyosarcomas from leiomyomas). The term anaplasia literally means "to form backward". It implies dedifferentiation, or loss of structural and functional differentiation of normal cells. It is now known, however, that at least some cancers arise from stem cells in tissues; in these tumors failure of differentiation, rather than dedifferentiation of specialized cells, account for undifferentiated tumors.
Anaplastic cells display marked pleomorphism (variability). The nuclei are characteristically extremely hyperchromatic (darkly stained) and large. The nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio may approach 1:1 instead of the normal 1:4 or 1:6. Giant cells that are considerably larger than their neighbors may be formed and possess either one enormous nucleus or several nuclei (syncytia). Anaplastic nuclei are variable and bizarre in size and shape. The chromatin is coarse and clumped, and nucleoli may be of astounding size. More important, mitoses are often numerous and distinctly atypical; anarchic multiple spindles may be seen and sometimes appear as tripolar or quadripolar forms. Also, anaplastic cells usually fail to develop recognizable patterns of orientation to one another (i.e., they lose normal polarity). They may grow in sheets, with total loss of communal structures, such as gland formation or stratified squamous architecture. Anaplasia is the most extreme disturbance in cell growth encountered in the spectrum of cellular proliferations.
# HD 153201

HD 153201 is a Bp star in the southern constellation of Ara. It is chemically peculiar star that displays an anomalous abundance of the element silicon in its spectrum. This is a suspected variable star of the type known as Alpha² Canum Venaticorum. There is a magnitude 9.86 companion star at an angular separation of 2.30″ along a position angle of 131°.
# Danny Rivera / Alborada

Danny Rivera / Alborada is an album by Danny Rivera and the group Alborada (from Puerto Rico) which has been categorized by critics as one of the best albums by Danny Rivera. This album was dedicated to Puerto Rican composer Manuel Jiménez "El Canario" who died in 1975.

## Album name

At first it seems like Alborada is the name of an album by Danny Rivera, but in reality it is a self-titled album.
The original agreement between Danny and Alborada was to have the album titled Danny Rivera y Alborada (Danny Rivera and Alborada) but at the last minute the record company decided to get rid of the "y" ("and"). The CD version has the name "Alborada" in a smaller font than "Danny Rivera" contributing even more to this misconception.

## Track listing

Side ANo.TitleComposerLength1."Alegoría"Eladio Torres5:192."Tu Vives en Mi Pensamiento"Eladio Torres3:193."Guaracha del Ruiseñor"Américo Boschetti2:534."Piensa"Heriberto Gonzalez3:575."El Día del Hombre"Eladio Torres2:56 :
Side BNo.TitleComposerLength1."Jesus, Maria y Jose"Roberto Figueroa3:512."La Resurreccion del Día"Eladio Torres4:183."Tanta Vanidad"Manuel Jiménez "El Canario"4:034."Villancico Yaucano"Amaury Veray3:055."Huracán"Heriberto Gonzalez4:47 :

## Musicians

* Danny Rivera - lead vocals
* Eladio Torres - guitar and lead vocals on "Huracán"
* Carlos Bedoya - cuatro
* Heriberto González Sánchez - guitar and lead vocals on "Huracán"
* Minerva Aponte - lead vocals
* Roberto Figueroa - guitar and lead vocals on "Huracán"
* Frank Lovato - guitar (uncredited on album)
* Tony Fornaris - congas, bongó and percussion
* Wiso Velez - bass
* Deano Navarro - drums
* Pablo Nieves - percussion

## Production details
### Album art

The album art was created by guitarist, singer and composer of Alborada, Heriberto González.

### Error

In Huracán (at 1:24), Danny gets confused when introducing the next singer Heriberto González saying "Rob... Heriberto digo..." ("Rob... I mean, Heriberto"). For some reason this was not corrected.
# Michael Noble

Michael Noble may refer to:
* Michael Noble (Parliamentarian) (1591–1649), English Member of Parliament for Lichfield in the Long Parliament
* Michael Noble, Baron Glenkinglas (1913–1984), Scottish Conservative politician, Member of Parliament 1958–1974
* Michael Noble (Labour politician) (1935–1983), English Labour Member of Parliament for Rossendale 1974–1979
* Mike Noble, British comic artist and illustrator
# Georges Maspero

René Gaston Georges Maspero (21 August 1872 – 21 September 1942) was a French sinologist.
He was the son of egyptologist Gaston Maspero and half brother of sinologist Henri Maspero.
A colonial governor of French Indochina, he was appointed résident-mayor of Haiphong, then acting resident superior (15 April 1920 – 6 December 1920) of Cambodia. He subsequently chaired the restructured Banque Industrielle de Chine following its bankruptcy in 1921.
He was among the founders of the École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO).

## Publications

* 1894: Tableau chronologique des souverains de l'Annam, E. J. Brill
* 1905: Starynna istorii︠a︡ skhidnïkh narodiv, Volume 1, Nakl. Ukraïnsʹko-rusʹkoï vydavnychoï spilky
* 1915: Grammaire de la langue k̲hmère (cambodgien), Imprimetie Nationale
* 1918: La Chine, Delagrave
* 1928: Le Royaume de Champa, G. Van Oest,
* 1929: Un empire colonial français, l'Indochine, G. Van Oest.
# Picrasma javanica

Picrasma javanica is a tree in the family Simaroubaceae. The specific epithet javanica is from the Latin meaning "of Java".

## Description

Picrasma javanica grows up to 24 metres (80 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 25 centimetres (10 in). The bark is dark and smooth. The flowers are white to yellow or green. The fruits are green to red or blue, ovoid to roundish and measure up to 1.2 cm (0.5 in) in diameter.

## Distribution and habitat

Picrasma javanica grows naturally from northeast India to Indochina and south to Malesia. Its habitat is rainforest from sea-level to 1,500 metres (5,000 ft) altitude.
# Frederick Hanson

Frederick John Hanson, CBE, QPM (26 May 1914 – 26 October 1980) was the Commissioner of the New South Wales Police Force from 1972 to 1976.

## Early life

Hanson was born in Orange, New South Wales, on 26 May 1914 and was educated at Christian Brothers College, Burwood. He worked as a manufacturing jeweller's assistant and a transit porter before joining the police force in 1936. He served in the Second World War with the Royal Australian Air Force from 1942 until 1946. He was rapidly promoted through the police ranks, becoming assistant commissioner in 1968 and deputy commissioner in early 1972. His nickname in the force was "Slippery".

## Career

Hanson was promoted to commissioner on 15 November 1972, having been recommended for the role by his predecessor, Norman Allan, whose term had been tarnished by corruption allegations. Upon taking office, Hanson reportedly sacked 28 corrupt officers and announced that he saw drugs as the biggest problem facing police. As commissioner, Hanson reorganised the force structure, changed the police uniform, introduced Australia's first crime intelligence unit, and allowed women police officers to transfer to general duties for the first time. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in January 1974. He was occasionally referred to as a "playboy" for his personal habits while commissioner, and critics derided his term as undistinguished.
As with his predecessor, issues of corruption and poor management continued throughout Hanson's term. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation settled a defamation action in 1976 after alleging the previous year that he held a financial interest in a gambling club; however, after his death in 1980 freed media to report without facing Australia's strict defamation laws, he faced repeated allegations of corruption, including having received money from illegal gambling interests and personal ties to various criminal figures. He retired early in 1976. Hanson sought successfully to have Mervyn Wood appointed as his successor; Wood, like Hanson and Allan, was dogged by corruption allegations and later unsuccessfully prosecuted.
Hanson made an abortive campaign as an independent candidate for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Gosford at the 1978 election, but withdrew before election day. Bob Bottom would later allege that his campaign had been motivated by anger at the decision of Premier Neville Wran to order the closure of illegal casinos.
Hanson died in his car in his garage in October 1980. The engine was not running when the body was found. It was initially reported as a heart attack, but later understood to be from carbon monoxide poisoning. The coroner decided not to hold an inquest.
# Andricus mukaigawae

Andricus mukaigawae is a species of gall wasp native to southeastern Asia. It creates galls on the buds and leaves of oak trees. The galls are sometimes used by other gall wasps unable to create galls of their own, with both species sharing the gall.

## Taxonomy

Andricus mukaigawae is part of a species complex with several components. Some populations are classified as A. mukaigawae which is bivoltine (having two generations per year) cyclically parthenogenetic, with a karyotype of (2n = 12), producing entirely female offspring; these wasps form burr-shaped galls on Quercus aliena, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, and Quercus fabrei. Other populations are classified as Andricus kashiwaphilus (2n = 10), also bivoltine and cyclically parthenogenetic, but producing flower-shaped galls on Quercus dentata, again producing entirely female offspring. There are also univoltine populations with one generation per year with thelytokous parthenogenesis in which females are produced from unfertilized eggs; these have historically been classified as Andricus targionii, but some of them form burr-shaped galls on Q. aliena while others form flower-shaped galls on Q. dentata, so A. targionii would appear to be polyphyletic.

## Distribution

Andricus mukaigawae has a wide distribution in southeastern Asia and is found in India, Japan, Korea and Russia.

## Ecology

The burr-shaped galls of Andricus mukaigawae are modified live plant structures. They normally contain a single cell in which the gall wasp larva develops as it feeds on the tissues surrounding it. However many of the galls are also inhabited by the larvae of inquiline wasp species, Synergus japonicus, which is entirely dependent on the galls created by A. mukaigawae. The inquiline larvae create their own cells in the living plant tissue. The gall additionally often houses parasitic chalcid wasps, Torymus species, which are parasitoids of both the gall wasps.
The bacterium Wolbachia is an intracellular parasite of many gall wasps, including Andricus mukaigawae and Synergus japonicus. Historically it has been assumed that vertical transmission of Wolbachia occurs, from parent insects to their offspring through the cytoplasm of the eggs; it has now been shown that horizontal transmission can also occur between the different wasp species present in the gall, and genetic recombination events can also occur.
# Hamit Hasancan

Hamit Hasancan (1870–1943) was a Turkish economist and conservative politician, who was an early, key member of the Republican People's Party.
# Anathix

Anathix is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## Species

* Anathix aggressa (Smith, 1907)
* Anathix immaculata (Morrison, 1875)
* Anathix puta (Grote & Robinson, 1868)
* Anathix ralla (Grote & Robinson, 1868)
# Gürdal (name)

Gürdal is a surname and given name. Notable people with the name include:

## Surname

* Gamze Gürdal (born 1995), European champion Para Taekwondo
* Kemal Arda Gürdal (born 1990), Turkish swimmer
* Macit Gürdal (born 1931), Turkish footballer
* Michèle Gurdal (born 1952), Belgian tennis player

## Given name

* Gürdal Duyar (1935–2004), Turkish sculptor
* Gürdal Tosun (1967–2000), Turkish actor
# Yanko Shire

Yanko Shire was a local government area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.
Yanko Shire was proclaimed on 7 March 1906. On 6 January 1928, Willimbong Shire (later renamed Leeton Shire) was excised from its territory as per the provisions of the Irrigation Act 1912.
Yanko Shire shared an administration office with the Municipality of Narrandera.
The shire was amalgamated with the Municipality of Narrandera on 1 January 1960 to form Narrandera Shire.
# Michael Rodrigues (table tennis)

Michael Joseph Rodrigues was a five-time national table tennis champion of Pakistan winning the National Boys Singles in 1956 and the Men's Singles in 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961 and 1962. In 1962 he was also the Captain of the Pakistan Team at the Asian Table Tennis Championships in Bombay, India. In 1963 he also participated in the Far East Championship.

## Education

Of Goan origin, he was educated at St. Patrick's High School, Karachi. He graduated with a medical degree from Dow Medical College, Karachi, in 1965.

## Later life

Rodrigues later became a general surgeon and migrated to the USA. He was first licensed to practice through a California license in voluntary service in 1974. He has admitting privileges at Alvarado Hospital, San Diego.
# Picrasma

Picrasma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Simaroubaceae, comprising six to nine species native to temperate to tropical regions of Asia, and tropical regions of the Americas. The species are shrubs and trees growing up to 20 m tall.

## Selected species

* Picrasma chinensis P.Y.Chen
* Picrasma crenata Engl. in Engl. & Prantl
* Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.
* Picrasma javanica Blume
* Picrasma mexicana Brandegee
* Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn.
# Fred Degazon

Frederick Eutrope Degazon (4 January 1913 – 4 October 2008) was a Dominican politician who served as the first President of the country from 1979 to 1980.

## Biography

He was born in Castries, Saint Lucia on 4 January 1913.
Degazon went to college in Saint Lucia and studied law in the University of London. He practised law privately in Saint Lucia and Dominica from 1934 to 1940. In the 1940s he served as a civil servant in Dominica, Saint Lucia and Jamaica until his retirement in 1969. He was elected Speaker of the House of Assembly in 1977 and after declaration of independence in 1978, parliament elected Degazon as first President of Dominica, the post is largely ceremonial.
In June 1979, during a constitutional crisis stirred by the desire for democratic socialist reforms, Degazon tried to leave the country and was eventually allowed to flee to England on 11 June. The House of Assembly initially elected as his replacement Louis Cools-Lartigue, who resigned the next day, and he was then replaced by Jenner Armour. Degazon officially resigned in February 1980. He resided in London until his death there on 4 October 2008, at the age of 95.
# Andricus lignicola

Cola-nut galls develop as a chemically induced distortion of leaf axillary or terminal buds on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) or sessile oak (Quercus petraea) trees, caused by the agamic gall wasp Andricus lignicola (Hartig, 1840) which lays single eggs within leaf buds using their ovipositor. A previous name or synonym for the species A. lignicola is A. lignicolus and A. venheurni.

## The physical appearance of the galls

The galls are found in small groups, which however do not coalesce, helping to prevent mis-identification with the oak marble gall (Andricus kollari), in addition the shape is ovoid rather than spherical and it is scaly rather than smooth. It grows up to about 10 x 8 mm and is at first green, rapidly changing to grey-brown, with light red patches where the original bud scales have separated. It is hard and firm, but does not always persist on the tree for very long. Once the imago has emerged a small circular hole is apparent.

## Distribution

It is well known in continental Europe, occurring from Great Britain to Asia Minor.

## Life-cycle

The imago of the agamic phase emerges in early summer following the gall's inception. The bisexual generation gall is very similar to that of A. kollari, effecting the live bud of Quercus species and has only been seen under culture conditions (1975). Removing and destroying cola-nut galls before they dry and the wasps emerge may help to reduce an infestation. While fairly large, and sometimes present in quite large numbers on scrub specimens, they cause no measurable harm.
# Handscomb

Handscomb is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Peter Handscomb (born 1991), Australian cricketer
* Sue Handscomb (born 1956), British rower
# Anatoly Stepanenko

Anatoly Stepanenko (born 23 August 1949) is a Soviet former cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Gökçesu, Yenişehir

Gökçesu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yenişehir, Bursa Province in Turkey. Its population is 131 (2022).