OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gede, Nadia

Gede is a village and a border checkpoint in the Krishnaganj CD block in the Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision of the Nadia district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Border check point

Gede has an Indian land custom station of the India-Bangladesh border. The land custom station on the Bangladesh side is at Darshana.
Gede railway station is the terminal station on the Sealdah-Gede section of Kolkata Suburban Railway system.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Gede had a total population of 5,396, of which 2,851 (53%) were males and 2,545 (47%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 433. The total number of literate persons in Gede was 3,660 (73.75% of the population over 6 years).

## Geography
### Location

Gede is located at 23°29′21″N 88°46′49″E﻿ / ﻿23.48904°N 88.78037°E﻿ / 23.48904; 88.78037.

### Area overview

Nadia district is mostly alluvial plains lying to the east of Hooghly River, locally known as Bhagirathi. The alluvial plains are cut across by such distributaries as Jalangi, Churni and Ichhamati. With these rivers getting silted up, floods are a recurring feature. The Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision, presented in the map alongside, has the Bhagirathi on the west, with Purba Bardhaman district lying across the river. The long stretch along the Bhagirathi has many swamps. The area between the Bhagirathi and the Jalangi, which flows through the middle of the subdivision, is known as Kalantar, a low-lying tract of black clay soil. A big part of the subdivision forms the Krishnanagar-Santipur Plain, which occupies the central part of the district. The Jalangi, after flowing through the middle of the subdivision, turns right and joins the Bhagirathi. On the south-east, the Churni separates the Krishnanagar-Santipur Plain from the Ranaghat-Chakdaha Plain. The east forms the boundary with Bangladesh. The subdivision is moderately urbanized. 20.795% of the population lives in urban areas and 79.205% lives in rural areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. All the four subdivisions are presented with maps on the same scale – the size of the maps vary as per the area of the subdivision.
# Gebhardshain (Verbandsgemeinde)

Gebhardshain is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. On 1 January 2017 it merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Betzdorf-Gebhardshain. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde was in Gebhardshain.
The Verbandsgemeinde Gebhardshain consisted of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
* Dickendorf
* Elben
* Elkenroth
* Fensdorf
* Gebhardshain
* Kausen
* Malberg
* Molzhain
* Nauroth
* Rosenheim
* Steinebach/Sieg
* Steineroth
50°44′47″N 7°49′15″E﻿ / ﻿50.746389°N 7.820833°E﻿ / 50.746389; 7.820833
* This Altenkirchen district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Gavin O'Connor

Gavin O'Connor may refer to:
* Gavin O'Connor (actor) (born 1972), Irish actor
* Gavin O'Connor (filmmaker) (born 1964), American film director, screenwriter, producer, playwright and actor
# Gaydamak

Gaydamak is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexandre Gaydamak (born 1976), Russian-French businessman
* Arcadi Gaydamak (born 1952), Russian-Israeli businessman and philanthropist, father of Alexandre
# General Legge

General Legge may refer to:
* Arthur Legge (British Army officer) (1800–1890), British Army general
* Barnwell R. Legge (1891–1949), U.S. Army brigadier general
* James Gordon Legge (1863–1947) was an Australian Army lieutenant general
* Stanley Legge (1900–1977), Australian Army major general
* William Kaye Legge (1869–1946), British Army brigadier general
# Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company 0-4-0T (1855)

The Geelong & Melbourne Railway Company operated a total of 1 locomotive that fell under the Whyte notation of 0-4-0T, with a Vertical boiler, between 1855 and 1860. Later it was operated by the Victorian Railways between 1860 and 1893. This was the second locomotive manufactured in Australia (Note, the first was MHBR's 2-2-2WT the year before).

## History

The Geelong & Melbourne Railway Company never numbered their locomotives, but instead gave them individual names, the 0-4-0VBT was named Ariel. It was used as an inspection engine. It was sold to Victorian Railways on 3 September 1860, where it would carry no number and no class name, as was the standard for Victorian Railways until 1886. Converted to pumping engine c. 1864. It was noted as still in existence by the Engineer-in-Chief's correspondence 11 July 1892 and was proposed to be convert to a tram motor for the St Albans line. Noted as sold to John Danks & Co., a machinery and engineering supplies merchant of Melbourne, c. 1893. The Ballarat Historical Society wrote to the Railways Department 17 June 1897 asking on what terms they could have 'Ariel'.
# General Shaw

General Shaw may refer to:
* Anthony Shaw (British Army officer) (1930–2015), British Army major general
* Charles Shaw (British Army officer) (1794—1871), British Army brigadier general
* David Shaw (British Army officer) (born 1957), British Army major general
* Frederick Shaw (British Army officer) (1861–1942), British Army lieutenant general
* Frederick B. Shaw (1869–1957), U.S. Army brigadier general
* Hugh Shaw (British Army officer) (1839–1904), British Army major general
* James Shaw (British Army officer, 19th century) (1788-1865), British army general
* James Shaw (British Army officer, 20th century) (fl. 1972–2005), British army general
* John E. Shaw (born 1968), U.S. Space Force lieutenant general
* Jonathan Shaw (British Army officer) (born 1957), British Army major general
* Samuel R. Shaw (1911–1989), U.S. Marine Corps brigadier general
# Politburo and Secretariat of the 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

The Politburo and Secretariat of the 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) were elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 8th Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of the 8th Congress.

## 8th Politburo

Candidate members :
| Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Duration |
| Nikolai Bukharin (1888–1938) | 25 March 1919 | 5 April 1920 | 1 year, 11 days |
| Grigory Zinoviev (1883–1936) | 25 March 1919 | 5 April 1920 | 1 year, 11 days |
| Mikhail Kalinin (1875–1946) | 25 March 1919 | 5 April 1920 | 1 year, 11 days |
| Elena Stasova (1873–1966) | 4 July 1919 | 26 September 1919 | 84 days |
Full members :
| Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Duration |
| Lev Kamenev (1883–1936) | 25 March 1919 | 5 April 1920 | 1 year, 11 days |
| Nikolay Krestinsky (1883–1938) | 25 March 1919 | 5 April 1920 | 1 year, 11 days |
| Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924) | 25 March 1919 | 5 April 1920 | 1 year, 11 days |
| Joseph Stalin (1878–1953) | 25 March 1919 | 5 April 1920 | 1 year, 11 days |
| Leon Trotsky (1879–1940) | 25 March 1919 | 5 April 1920 | 1 year, 11 days |

## 8th Secretariat

| Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Duration | Note |
| Nikolay Krestinsky (1886–1937) | 29 November 1919 | 5 April 1920 | 128 days | Elected Responsible Secretary, and to the Secretariat, at the 8th Plenary Session. |
| Elena Stasova (1873–1966) | 25 March 1919 | 5 April 1920 | 1 year, 11 days | Elected Responsible Secretary at the 1st Plenary Session, and relieved of her duties at the 8th Plenary Session to become an ordinary member. |
# Gendenwitha

Gendenwitha (also spelled Gendewitha) is a mythological character represented by the Morning Star in Iroquois mythology. Her name means "It Brings the Day." Gendenwitha was originally a beautiful maiden who was loved by Sosondowah, a great hunter held captive as a guard by Dawn. Dawn transformed Gendenwitha into the Morning Star after Sosondowah attempted to make her his bride.

## Sosondowah and The Legend of Gendenwitha

Sosondowah was a greatly skilled hunter who was captured by Dawn when he pursued a Sky-Elk up into the heavens. Dawn commanded him to spend eternity guarding the door of her lodge in the sky. From his post, Sosondowah caught sight of Gendenwitha as she stood by a river, and fell in love. During Spring, Sosondowah escaped from Dawn while she was sleeping and entered the heart of a bluebird in order to visit his beloved. Gendenwitha, not knowing the true identity of the bluebird, welcomed Sosondowah as a sign of Spring. Sosondowah escaped from Dawn again during Summer, and entered the heart of a blackbird. Again he visited Gendenwitha at the river, and was greeted as a sign of Summer. During Autumn, Sosondowah escaped once more, this time in the body of a giant nighthawk. He swooped down to the river and took Gendenwitha up to the lodge in the sky to make her his bride. Dawn, angry at the defiance of Sosondowah, transformed Gendenwitha into a star and put her on Sosondowah's forehead so he "must long for her throughout all time without attaining her."
# Geoff Laws

Geoffrey 'Geoff' Laws (born 1956), is a male former weightlifter who competed for Great Britain and England.

## Weightlifting career

Laws represented Great Britain in the 1980 Summer Olympics and 1984 Summer Olympics.
He represented England and won a gold medal in the 56 kg bantamweight division, at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Four years later he represented England in the 60 kg featherweight division at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland and represented England in a third Games, at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand.
# Polyclonoolithus

Polyclonoolithus is an oogenus of fossil dinosaur egg. It is from the Early Cretaceous of Gansu, China. They have distinctive, branching eggshell units, which may represent the original form of spheroolithids.

## Distribution

Polyclonoolithus is known exclusively from Yangjiagou, a small town in Gansu. The only known fossil specimen is from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group, part of the larger Lanzhou-Minhe Basin.

## Discovery

Dinosaur body fossils and ichnites are common at the Hekou Group, but fossilized eggs are rare. The first fossil eggs found there were collected by Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences in Zhongpu in 2009, but were never formally described. In 2012, a team of paleontologists from the Gansu Geological Museum, the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and the Institute of Geology once again discovered fossil eggs in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. In 2016, their discovery was described as a new oogenus and oospecies, Polyclonoolithus yangjiagouensis, by Chinese paleontologists Xie Jun-Fang, Zhang Shu-Kang, Jin Xing-Sheng, Li Da-Qing, and Zhou Ling-Qi.

## Description

Polyclonoolithus is only known from one specimen: ZMNH M1849, an incomplete egg (made up of several fragments) housed in the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History. Due to the poor preservation, the size and shape of a complete egg are unknown, but Polyclonoolithus was likely less than 10 centimetres (3.9 in) in diameter. The eggshell ranges from 1.84 to 2.05 millimetres (0.072 to 0.081 in) in thickness. The cone layer has radiating structure and makes up roughly 1/7 the total width of the eggshell.
Polyclonoolithus is distinctive for having branching shell units, with irregular pore canals between them. The branches of the eggshell units fuse together towards the outer surface of the shell.

## Parataxonomy

Polyclonoolithus is classified in its own oofamily, Polyclonoolithidae. Its branching eggshell units set it apart from all other oofamilies, except for Dendroolithidae, Dictyoolithidae, and Similifaveoloolithidae. It lacks the reticulate structure seen in dictyoolithids, and unlike similifaveoloolithids and dendroolithids, the eggshell units vary in thickness. It furthermore differs from dendroolithids in that the eggshell units are not totally fused together at the outer surface of the eggshell, however this could only be due to erosion.
There is also some similarity between the branching eggshell units of Polyclonoolithus to the superimposed eggshell units found in Spheroolithidae, leading to the hypothesis by Xie et al. that the shell units of polyclonoolithids may represent a primitive form of those found in spheroolithids.
Polyclonoolithus contains only a single oospecies: P. yangjiagouensis.
# Gelidiaceae

The Gelidiaceae is a small family of red algae containing eight genera. Many species of this algae are used to make agar.

## Uses

Agar can be derived from many types of red seaweeds, including those from families such as Gelidiaceaae, Gracilariaceae, Gelidiellaceae and Pterocladiaceae. It is a polysaccharide located in the inner part of the red algal cell wall. It is used in food material, medicines, cosmetics, therapeutic and biotechnology industries.
# Gelidibacter mesophilus

Gelidibacter mesophilus is a Gram-negative, aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium from the genus of Gelidibacter which has been isolated from seawater from the Mediterranean Sea.
# Philometra cyanopodi

Philometra cyanopodi is a species of parasitic nematode of fishes, first found off New Caledonia in the South Pacific, in the gonads of Epinephelus cyanopodus. This species is characterized mainly by: length of spicules and length and structure of its gubernaculum; structure of male caudal end; body size; location in host and types of hosts.
# MT63

MT63 is a digital radio modulation mode for transmission in high-noise situations. It was developed by Pawel Jalocha, call sign SP9VRC, primarily for keyboard-to-keyboard conversations on HF amateur radio bands.

## Description

MT63 distributes the encoding of each character over a long time period, and over several tones. This code and symbol spreading implementation is key to its robustness under less than ideal conditions. The MT63 mode is very tolerant of mistuning; most software will handle 120 Hz tuning offsets under normal conditions.
| Mode | Symbol rate | Typing speed | Duty cycle | Modulation | Bandwidth | ITU designation |
| MT63-500 | 5 baud | 5.0 cps (50 wpm) | 80% | 64 × 2-PSK | 500 Hz | 500HJ2DEN |
| MT63-1000 | 10 baud | 10.0 cps (100 wpm) | 80% | 64 × 2-PSK | 1000 Hz | 1K00J2DEN |
| MT63-2000 | 20 baud | 20.0 cps (200 wpm) | 80% | 64 × 2-PSK | 2000 Hz | 2K00J2DEN |

## Latency

MT63 can use either a short or long interleaver. The long interleaver makes the mode more robust against interference, at the cost of increasing latency.
| Mode | ECC mode | Latency (sec) |
| MT63 500 Hz | short | 12.8 |
| MT63 1K | short | 6.4 |
| MT63 1K | long | 12.8 |
| MT63 2K | short | 3.2 |
| MT63 2K | long | 6.4 |
| PSK31 | - | <1 |

## Media

MT63 was used on shortwave by the VOA Radiogram until 2017, but the software used to encode the text was not using the Varicode that MT63 used in its original design.
Modern software that supports MT63, such as Fldigi, uses base128, essentially the same as ASCII.
MT63 has been promoted as a modulation format for time signal stations, but this system does not use Varicode.
# Yasuda Women's University

Yasuda Women's University (安田女子大学, Yasuda joshi daigaku) is a private women's college in Asaminami, Hiroshima, Japan. The predecessor of the school was established by Riyou Yasuda and others in 1915 and was chartered as a junior women's college in 1955. The graduate school was established in 1994 and as of 2017 awards degrees in Japanese and English language and literature, education, clinical psychology, health science, pharmaceutical science, and nursing.
# Hote' Casella

Hote’ Casella (1909–1990) was an American mezzo-soprano and Native American cultural ambassador. She sang throughout the United States and Europe from the 1940s until the early 1980s.

## Early life and education

Hote’ Casella was born as Gladys Bland Mathonican Miller in 1909 in San Angelo, Texas, the youngest of seven children. Casella's Native American name, "Ho-Te-Ma-We," means "mockingbird." Her father, (Andrew) John Mathonican, was Cherokee and worked as a billiards hall manager, and her mother, Marzella Carter, had Italian and Spanish ancestry. Casella's family moved to Los Angeles in the early 1920s. She studied at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Juilliard and trained in German lieder and French and Italian music.

## Career

She moved to New York in the 1940s. Casella's debut New York performance was at Town Hall on February 28, 1944, accompanied by Coenraad V. Bos. She sang traditional operatic selections by composers including Handel, Francesco Gasparini and Gabriel Fauré, as well as Native American music arranged by Troyer, Jeancon and Cadman. Casella would later appear annually at the venue.
Throughout the next several decades, Casella performed throughout the country at venues including the American Museum of Natural History, the National Folk Festival in Knoxville, Tennessee, and the Detroit Institute of Arts. She expanded her repertoire over the years to add more Native American music, including songs by the Cherokee, Navajo, Zuni, Apache, Hopi, Cheyenne, Sioux, Ojibway and Chippewa people, most from the 18th and 19th centuries.
Later in her career, Casella devoted her career to teaching audiences, particularly children, about Native American culture, and to situating Native American music amid the larger folk music tradition. She told the Newspaper Enterprise in 1966 that she wished to do for Native American music what Igor Moiseyev had done for popularizing and professionalizing Russian folk dances.
Casella died in 1990.
# Antonio Bielsa Alegre

Antonio Bielsa Alegre (1929–2008) was an Aragonese archaeologist born in Calanda in the Spanish comarca of Bajo Aragón.

## Excavations

* 1964: Roman villa of Camino de Albalate
# Francesco Carmelo Salerno

Francesco Salerno (9 September 1925 – 17 October 1998) was an Italian politician.
Lawyer, publicist and member of the Christian Democracy political party, he was appointed Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister office in 1979, during the presidency of Francesco Cossiga.
In addition to achieving high positions in Italian politics, he was for 22 years president of the Matera football club.

## Orders of Merit

    2nd Class / Grand Officer: Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
* This article about a Basilicata politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Młynek Nieświński

Młynek Nieświński is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Końskie, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Końskie and 39 km (24 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.
# Marta Gambella

Marta Gambella (born 7 June 1974) is an Italian softball player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Picnic Island (disambiguation)

Picnic Island is a small island off the coast of Tasmania. The name may also refer to:
* Picnic Islands, part of the city of Miami
* Sheep Island (Washington), also known as Picnic Island
* "Picnic Island", a song by Jeff Watson from his album Lone Ranger
# Pierre Véron

Pierre Véron may refer to:
* Pierre Véron (writer) (1833–1900), French writer and journalist
* Pierre Véron (lawyer) (born 1947), French lawyer and specialist in the field of patent litigation
# Pic de Médécourbe

Pic de Médécourbe (Catalan: Pic de Medacorba) is a mountain in Europe that sits on the western tripoint boundary of Andorra, France and Spain. It is 2,914 metres (9,560 ft) tall. It overlooks Étang de Soulcem, a large artificial lake used for hydroelectricity, and the Vicdessos valley.
There is also an eastern tripoint of Andorra, France, and Spain approximately 6 km south of Pas de la Casa.
# Pierreclanis

Pierreclanis is a genus of moths in the family Sphingidae, containing only one species, Pierreclanis admatha, which is known from Guinea, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Gabon and Ghana.
# Pierrecourt

Pierrecourt may refer to:
* Pierrecourt, Haute-Saône, a commune in the French region of Franche-Comté
* Pierrecourt, Seine-Maritime, a commune in the French region of Haute-Normandie
# Piedades Norte

Piedades Norte is a district of the San Ramón canton, in the Alajuela province of Costa Rica.

## Geography

Piedades Norte has an area of 47.2 km$^2$ and an elevation of 1,130 metres.

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, Piedades Norte had a population of 8,147 inhabitants.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The district is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 702
* National Route 705
* National Route 742
# Phyllonorycter nipponicella

Phyllonorycter nipponicella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Honshū island of Japan, and from Korea and the Russian Far East.
The wingspan is 7-8.5 mm.
The larvae feed on Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Pierson Farm

The Pierson Farm near York, North Dakota is a farm that was developed in 1923. The farm was owned by Olaf Pierson, a Swedish immigrant. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Pierre Mollet

Pierre Mollet (23 March 1920, Neuchâtel - 27 October 2007) was a Canadian operatic baritone. He was born in Switzerland. He became a naturalized Canadian citizen in 1974 and in 1979, he married the Canadian pianist Suzanne Blondin.
Mollet was trained at the Lausanne Conservatory where he was a pupil of Charles Panzéra. In 1946, he won second prize at the Geneva International Music Competition. The following year he began studies in music interpretation with Nadia Boulanger in Paris, France and became highly active performing as a concert soloist with orchestras in that city during the late 1940s and 1950s. From 1948 to 1962, he traveled throughout Northern Africa and France performing in concerts sponsored by the Jeunesses Musicales International. He also sang in concerts at a number of notable music festivals such as the Strasbourg Festival and the Aix-en-Provence Festival.
Mollet made his professional opera debut in 1952 portraying Pelléas in Claude Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande at the Opéra-Comique; recording the part later that year with conductor Ernest Ansermet. He went on to sing that role for performances in cities throughout Europe and South America. He created the role of Eraste in Frank Martin's opera Monsieur de Pourceaugnac; other significant roles include Albert in Massenet's Werther and Mercutio in Gounod's Roméo et Juliette.
# Pierre Yves Clouin

Pierre Yves Clouin is a video artist and filmmaker. He was born in Paris, where he lives and works. He studied architecture at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He has exhibited his paintings and photos in Paris.

## Awards & distinctions

2010
* Winner Institut français Hors les Murs program Residency Nouvelles Images, Montréal, Québec, Canada
2007
* Best of Independent Exposure, San Francisco, CA, USA: Le saut dans le vide (The Leap Into the Void)
2002
* Certificate of Merit, Chicago International Film Festival, Experimental Shorts Competition, Chicago, Illinois, USA: We Cannot Exhibit It
* Best Musical and Audience Choice Awards, Thaw, Festival of Film Video and Digital Media, Institute for Cinema and Culture, Iowa City, Iowa, USA: Strong Enough
* Highlight Selection, Cinematexas, Austin, Texas, USA: Cul en l'air (My Levitating Butt)
2000
* Audience Award, Best New Media, Festival du Cinema Francophone en Acadie, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada: Broom Ballet
1999
* Special Mention, Videoarcheology, Paris, France / Sofia, Bulgaria: Head Egg
* Silver Spire Award, San Francisco International Film Festival, Golden Gate Award Competition, New Visions Video, San Francisco, USA: Workman
1998
* Third Prize Experimental, NAP Video Festival, New Arts Program, Lehigh Valley & Berks, Pennsylvania, USA: Front Room
1997
* Prix DRAC Auvergne (French Ministry of Culture), Vidéoformes, Clermont-Ferrand, France: C'est le veau qui bêle (The Bleating Calf)
1996
* Highlight Selection, Videonale 7, Bonn, Germany: C'est le veau qui bêle (The Bleating Calf)