OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Priyankar Upadhaya

Professor Priyankar Upadhaya holds the UNESCO Chair for Peace and Intercultural Understanding at Banaras Hindu University(Asia's largest residential university), Varanasi. Professor Upadhyaya heads the Malaviya Center for Peace Research situated in the University.

## Career

Professor Upadhayaya holds M.Phil. and Ph.D Degree of Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi. He also holds Advance International Diploma(s) in Conflict Resolution from the Uppsala University, Sweden. Prof. Upadhaya has done Post-Doctoral Research at University of London and the Woodrow Wilson Centre for International Scholars, Wash DC. He was selected for the Guest Scholar Award of the Woodrow Wilson Centre of International Scholars at Wash DC 1992, Faculty Research Award, Canadian Govt. 1999 and Senior Fulbright Award in 2004. Professor Upadhyaya has taught and done research in Political Science & Conflict Resolution in many parts of the world, including Concordia University, Montreal; Ulster University in Northern Ireland, at the Department of Political Science, Karlstad University in Sweden and United States Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs. He has also been Fellow at the Henry L Stimson Center, Wash DC, and recently a Senior Visiting Fellow at the Peace Research Institute Oslo.
Professor Upadhyaya has publications in journals and books from OUP, MUP, CUP, Sage, Ashgate and Routledge among others and research articles in reputed International Journals such as the Denver Journal of International Law & Policy; International Studies (Sage) and Strategic Analysis (Routledge).
Prof. Upadhyaya has taught International Relations & Peace Studies at Banaras Hindu University for over three decades. He has contributed as a Resource Person for UN University of Peace and at the Henry L Stimson Center, Wash DC. Prof Upadhyaya also a visiting speaker at the Foreign Service Institute, Naval War Academy and National Defense College in India. More recently Prof Upadhyaya has served as the ICCR Chair of Indian Studies at Dublin City University. He has served in various quality committees constituted by Government of India including the Civil Service Examination Reform Committee under purview of the Civil Services Examination UPSC and the National Mission on Education through ICT [NMEICT]. He occasionally serves as a guest expert at various news channels as ABP News and BBC News.
In June 2016, Professor Upadhyaya delivered a path breaking speech at the UN Consultative meet on 'Peace as a process' held at Geneva. In September, 2016, Professor Upadhyaya was invited by President Barack Obama to the White House to attend a meeting on Religious and Interfaith dialogue. He represented the Indian Education System. Earlier in 2017, Professor Upadhyaya has been appointed as the PRIO Global Fellow. On 24 May 2018, a book titled 'Long Walk of Peace: towards a culture of prevention' authored by Professor Priyankar Upadhyaya and published by UNESCO, was launched at the UN Library at Geneva.
# German submarine U-630

German submarine U-630 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 23 August 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 606, launched on 12 May 1942 and commissioned on 9 July 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Werner Winkler.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-630 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-630 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 9 July 1942, followed by active service on 1 April 1943 as part of the 3rd Flotilla for the remainder of her service.
In one patrol she sank two merchant ships, for a total of 14,894 gross register tons (GRT).

### Convoy HX 231

Convoy HX 231 set out across the Atlantic on 30 March 1943, only one U-tanker, U-463 was at sea, and she had sixteen U-boats queuing up to be topped up. These boats formed the wolfpack Löwenherz.
On 5 April, U-630 sunk the 5,529 GRT British motor vessel Shillong (with 5,529 tons) and 9,365 GRT steamer Waroonga, both hit by U-635 the previous day.

### Fate

U-630 was sunk with all hands lost on 6 May 1943 in the North Atlantic in position 52°31′N 44°50′W﻿ / ﻿52.517°N 44.833°W﻿ / 52.517; -44.833, by depth charges from HMS Vidette.

### Wolfpacks

U-630 took part in four wolfpacks, namely:
* Löwenherz (1 – 10 April 1943)
* Lerche (10 – 15 April 1943)
* Specht (22 April – 4 May 1943)
* Fink (4 – 6 May 1943)
# German submarine U-631

German submarine U-631 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 5 September 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 607, launched on 27 May 1942 and commissioned on 16 July 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Jürgen Krüger.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-631 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-631 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 16 July 1942, followed by active service on 1 January 1943 as part of the 9th Flotilla for the remainder of her service. In three patrols she sank two merchant ships, for a total of 9,136 gross register tons (GRT).

### Fate

U-631 was sunk on 17 October 1943 in the North Atlantic SE of Cape Farewell, Greenland, in position 58°13′N 32°29′W﻿ / ﻿58.217°N 32.483°W﻿ / 58.217; -32.483, by depth charges from British corvette HMS Sunflower. All crew members died.

### Wolfpacks

U-631 took part in seven wolfpacks, namely:
* Falke (28 December 1942 – 19 January 1943)
* Landsknecht (19 – 28 January 1943)
* Stürmer (11 – 20 March 1943)
* Seewolf 2 (21 – 30 March 1943)
* Meise (11 – 27 April 1943)
* Rossbach (27 September – 9 October 1943)
* Schlieffen (14 – 17 October 1943)

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) | Fate |
| 29 December 1942 | Ingerfem | Norway | 3,978 | Sunk |
| 17 March 1943 | Terkoelei | Netherlands | 5,158 | Sunk |
# Ghanteshwar Temple

Ghanteshwar temple is situated at Ubidpur Khanakul (near Khanakul I block office) Hooghly West Bengal India on the bank of river Ratnakar (the river is now almost dead). Lord Shiva is main worshipped deity here. The temple complex also hosts many other deities like Durga, Kaal Bhairav, Surya, Kaali, Shashti, Sitala, Dharmaraj, Radha Krishna, Annapurna, Shani etc. It also hosts a shrine for Sufi Pir (Peer) Baba. It is also home to many Bengal folk festival like Neel Puja, Gajan, Shivratri, Bhimekadashi, Ratha Yatra etc.
Main entrance of the temple complex has below inscription:
বীরভূমৌ সিদ্ধিনাথো রাঢ়েচাঃ তারকেশ্বর
ঘন্টেশ্বরশ্চ দেবেশি রত্নাকর নদীতটে
Locals believe that the same shiva linga is being worshipped for over 500 years. The temple complex as seen today is said to be created by local Zamindar(Landlord) Bipin Bihari Sinha in 1943 when a flood caused major damage to the earlier construction.

## Transport

RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION:
Nearby rail stations are Tarakeswar, Arambagh or Mayapur (Hooghly).
ROAD TRANSPORTATION:
The temple is easily accessible via road transportation. Available bus routes are:
* Arambagh - Garerghat
* Arambagh - Ganeshpur
* Tarakeswar - Garerghat
* Tarakeswar - Ganeshpur
* Burdwan - Garerghat (via Arambagh)
One travelling from Ghatal side can come to Ranichak, take the river transportation to Garerghat and avail buses from there. From Bagnan/Amta side, buses are available from Jhikira/Muchighata to Ganeshpur.
* This article about an Indian Hindu place of worship is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Priscilla Long

Priscilla Long (born 1943) is an American writer, poet, and political activist. She co-founded a Boston consciousness raising group that contributed to Bread and Roses. A longtime anti-war activist, Long was arrested in the 1963 Gwynn Oak Park sit-in.

## Works

* The New Left: A Collection of Essays, as editor (1969, Porter Sargent)
* Where the Sun Never Shines: A History of America's Bloody Coal Industry (1989, Paragon House)
* "We Called Ourselves Sisters" in The Feminist Memoir Project (1998, Three Rivers Press)
* "Dancing with the Muse in Old Age" (2022, Epicenter Press)
* "Holy Magic" (2020, MoonBath Press)
* "Fire and Stone: Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?" (2016, University of Georgia Press)
* "Minding the Muse: A Handbook for Painters, Composers, Writers, and Other Creators" (2016 ,Coffeetown Press)
# Gerhard Knoop

Gerhard Herman Knoop (3 November 1920 – 25 October 2009) was a Norwegian actor, stage producer, theatre director and film director. He is mostly known for directing the movies Minne om to mandager (1964), Dei rid mot havet (1960) and Avskjedsgaven (1961).

## Early and personal life

Knoop was born in Kristiania (present-day Oslo), the son of Herman Waldemar Knoop (1887–1961) and Ellen Caroline Sontum (1897–1962). He made his stage debut in a school revue while studying at the gymnasium. He took his examen artium (university entrance exam) in 1939. During World War II he was involved in resistance work, and had to flee to Sweden in 1942, where he joined the police troops. After the war, he studied at the University of Oslo and at the University of Denver. He married Eva Cecilie Julsrud in September 1948 in Denver.

## Theatre career

Knoop was employed at Rogaland Teater from 1949, first as actor and later as stage producer. Among his productions were adaptions of Arnold and Bach's farce Die spanische Fliege, and of Ibsen's play A Doll's House, and of Willner and Reichert's operetta Das Dreimäderlhaus. He worked as a free-lance producer from 1952, for Riksteatret, the National Theatre, Det Norske Teatret, Det Nye Teater, Fjernsynsteatret and Radioteatret. Among his productions were adaptions of Beckett's play Waiting for Godot, Chekhov's comedy Uncle Vanya and Ibsen's play Rosmersholm. He produced Ibsen's play Hedda Gabler for the Pitlochry Festival Theatre in Scotland in 1963. He has also produced Ibsen's plays Ghosts and The Wild Duck, Strindberg's Easter and Miss Julie, and Ionesco's The Chairs.
He headed the Norwegian National Academy of Theatre from 1964 to 1970. From 1973 to 1984 he was employed at the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation as head of Radioteatret. He started the independent theatre group Intimteatret in 1991, together with Merete Skavlan. He died in Oslo on 25 October 2009.
# Professional Pensions

Professional Pensions magazine is a weekly Incisive Media publication covering the UK institutional pensions industry. The magazine was published by MSM International Ltd. from its launch in 1995 until December 2006 when the company was acquired by Incisive Media.
The current editor is Jonathan Stapleton. Past editors include Alex Beveridge (2008–2009) and Len Roberts (2000–2008).

## Circulation

The ABC Audited average circulation for the Professional Pensions print edition for the period 1 July 2018 – 30 June 2019 was 8,197.
Professional Pensions mobile allows customers to access PP content via any mobile device, including iPhones and BlackBerries.
# Germaine Van Parys

Germaine Van Parys, also Van Parijs, (1893–1983) was a Belgian photojournalist. She was the first woman in Belgium to join the profession, which was very unusual to find a woman mentioned in the history of photography before 1920s. She left an extensive collection covering the people and places she photographed from 1918 to 1968, documenting key events in the country's history.

## Biography

Born in Brussels in 1893, Van Parys joined the profession in 1913. By the end of the First World War, she was recognized as one of Belgium's most competent photographers. In 1926, she was a founding member of the "Association des reporters photographes de presse". She first worked for Le Soir (1922), then for La Meuse (1932), also contributing to the Paris weekly L'Illustration. In addition to images of royalty, she covered national catastrophes, plane crashes and assassinations. Of particular interest are her photographs of the Namur floods in 1926. She was one of the few women photographers to be a correspondent during the Second World War, also covering the Belgian liberation.
In 1956, she created her own agency, Van Parijs Media. Van Parys died in Brussels in 1983. Van Parijs Media was merged with the Reports press agency in 2005.
In October 2011, a retrospective of Van Parys' work was presented by La Fondation Germaine Van Parys.
# Proscelidodon

Proscelidodon is an extinct genus of ground sloths in the family Scelidotheriidae. It lived during the Miocene and Pliocene of what is now Argentina and Bolivia. The genus was described in 1935.

## Taxonomy

During the Quaternary the taxonomic diversification of the Scelidotheriidae took place, with four species belonging to the genera Scelidodon, Catonyx, and Scelidotherium; the pre-quaternary Scelidotheriidae are rare. The discovery of an almost complete maxilla of Proscelidodon from the Maimará Formation (late Miocene), Jujuy province, provides new data on the plesiomorphic condition of the clade, the biogeographical history of the group during the Mio–Pliocene, and on the Maimará faunal assemblage. In addition, fossils assigned to Proscelidodon have also been found in the Cerro Azul Formation in Argentina.
# Pro Libertate

Pro Libertate is an anti-communist, right-wing political association in Switzerland.
Pro Libertate was founded in 1956 in response to the crushing of the Hungarian Uprising of 1956. The association wrote letters to newspaper and made a series of publications, and organized traveling exhibitions to draw attention to the danger of communism. The longtime president of the association was Max Mössinger; currently, Thomas Fuchs is the president.
Due to the détente between the Soviet Union and the West, followed by the collapse of European communist regimes and end of the Cold War, Pro Libertate lost some of its purpose. It shifted toward advocating for a strong Swiss Army, and opposing efforts to abolish the Army or end conscription. In 1989 it fought the first ballot initiative to abolish the Army, by the Group for a Switzerland Without an Army, and it has organised opposition to every such initiative since. In connection with the critical reappraisal of the role of Switzerland during the Second World War in the 1990s, Pro Libertate supported the traditional, positive view of Switzerland's active duty servicemembers and of the government's choices, in a submission to the Bergier commission.
# Problepsis maxima

Problepsis maxima is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Japan.
# Problepsis ocellata

Problepsis ocellata is a moth of the family Geometridae.

## Distribution

It is found in Andorra, Greece, Crete, Cyprus, Turkey and the Near East.

## Description

* Problepsis ocellata ♂
* Problepsis ocellata ♂ △
* Problepsis ocellata ♀
* Problepsis ocellata ♀ △

## Biology

The larvae feed on Olea europaea.

## Subspecies

* Problepsis ocellata ocellata
* Problepsis ocellata cinerea (Butler, 1886)
# Prosopochaeta fidelis

Prosopochaeta fidelis is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Peru.
# Prosopochrysini

Prosopochrysini is a tribe of soldier flies in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Genera

* Acanthasargus White, 1914
* Brianmyia Woodley, 2012
* Cyphoprosopa James, 1975
* Exochostoma Macquart, 1842
* Hoplistopsis James, 1950
* Melanoichroa Brauer, 1882
* Myxosargus Brauer, 1882
* Nothomyia Loew, 1869
* Prosopochrysa Meijere, 1907
* Rhaphiocerina Lindner, 1936
# Prokofiev (disambiguation)

Prokofiev most commonly refers to Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953), Russian composer.
Prokofiev, Prokofyev or Prokofieff may also refer to:
* Prokofiev (surname)
* Prokofiev (song), 1991 song by The Damned
* Prokofiev (crater), on Mercury
* Sergei O. Prokofieff (Christian esotericist, grandson of Sergei Prokofiev)
* Gabriel Prokofiev (Composer, grandson of Sergei Prokofiev)
# German submarine U-531

German submarine U-531 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. She was laid down at Deutsche Werft in Hamburg as yard number 346 on 22 December 1941, launched on 12 August 1942 and commissioned on 28 October with Oberleutnant zur See Herbert Neckel in command.
Her service began with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla; she then joined the 2nd flotilla for operations on 1 April 1943, before being sunk on 6 May 1943.

## Design

German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. U-531 had a displacement of 1,144 tonnes (1,126 long tons) when at the surface and 1,257 tonnes (1,237 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 76.76 m (251 ft 10 in), a pressure hull length of 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in), a beam of 6.86 m (22 ft 6 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.67 m (15 ft 4 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 63 nautical miles (117 km; 72 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 13,850 nautical miles (25,650 km; 15,940 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-531 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 as well as a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.

## Service history

U-531's operational career commenced with her departure from Kiel on 13 April 1943. Heading for the Atlantic, her route took her between Iceland and the Faeroe Islands. On 22 April, in the afternoon, she was attacked southeast of Iceland by a Catalina flying boat of 120 Squadron RAF. That evening, she was attacked again, this time by a British Flying Fortress of 206 Squadron.
On 6 May, the boat was attacked northeast of Newfoundland by depth charges from HMS Vidette and sunk with all hands (54).

## Previously recorded fate

The destruction of U-531 had been attributed to the destroyer HMS Oribi and the Flower-class corvette HMS Snowflake.

### Wolfpacks

U-531 took part in three wolfpacks, namely:
* Meise (25 – 27 April 1943)
* Star (27 April – 4 May 1943)
* Fink (4 – 6 May 1943)
# Promalactis strumifera

Promalactis strumifera is a moth of the family Oecophoridae first described by Du and Wang in 2013. It is found in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces of China.
The wingspan ranges from 8 to 11.5 millimetres (0.31 to 0.45 in). The ground colour of the forewings is ochreous brown tinged with dark ochreous brown, sometimes scattered with black scales on the lower angle of the cell. The hindwings and cilia are grey.

## Etymology

The specific name is derived from Latin strumifer (meaning nodular) and refers to the lateral nodular process at the anterior two-fifths of the seventh abdominal segment in the female genitalia.
# Promethean World

Promethean World Ltd is a global education technologies company that makes digital whiteboards and other products. Founded in 1997, it was acquired in 2015 by NetDragon Websoft, a Chinese video game company. The company has headquarters in Seattle and offices in Atlanta and Blackburn, England.

## History

Tony Cann founded Promethean in Blackburn in 1996 and the following year launched PandA software, the forerunner to the Activstudio and Activprimary software tools for company presentations and meetings. Promethean initially sold U.S.-made Quora interactive whiteboards, before designing and building their own at the Blackburn facility.
Cann was replaced by Graham Howe as chairman in July 2005. James Marshall became CEO in September 2012, replacing Jean-Yves Charlier. The company was the subject of an initial public offering on the London Stock Exchange in March 2010.
In May 2014, Graham Howe stood down as chairman, and was replaced by Philip Rowley. In July 2015, NetDragon announced that it had agreed to buy the company. In September 2015, Promethean acquired touch and gesture technology from Light Blue Optics for an undisclosed sum.
# Prolixibacteraceae

Prolixibacteraceae is a family of 11 bacterial genera in the order of Bacteroidales.
# Prosopocera subvalida

Prosopocera subvalida is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1954. It is known from the Democratic Republic of Congo. It measures between 33 and 36 mm (1.3 and 1.4 in).