OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Genetic ecology

Genetic ecology is the study of the stability and expression of varying genetic material within abiotic mediums. Typically, genetic data is not thought of outside of any organism save for criminal forensics. However, genetic material has the ability to be taken up by various organisms that exist within an abiotic medium through natural transformations that may occur. Thus, this field of study focuses on interaction, exchange, and expression of genetic material that may not be shared by species had they not been in the same environment.

## History

E.B. Ford was the first geneticist to begin work in this field of study. E.B. Ford worked mostly during the 1950s and is most noted for his work with Maniola jurtina and published a book entitled Ecological Genetics in 1975. This type of evolutionary biological study was only possible after gel electrophoresis had been designed in 1937. Prior to this, a high throughput method for DNA analysis did not exist. This field of study began to become more popular following the 1980s with the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR 1985) and poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (p. 1967). With this technology, segments of DNA could be sequenced, amplified, and proteins produced using bacterial transformations. The genetic material along with the proteins could be analyzed and more correct phylogenetic trees could be created.
Since E.B. Ford's research, multiple other genetic ecologists have continued study within the field of genetic ecology such as PT Hanford Alina von Thaden, and many others.

## Gene transfer

Genetic information may transfer throughout an ecosystem in multiple ways. The first of which, on the smallest scale, being bacterial gene transfer (see bacterial transformation). Bacteria have the ability to exchange DNA. This DNA exchange, or horizontal gene transfer, may provide various species of bacteria with the genetic information they need to survive in an environment. This can help many bacterial species survive within an environment.
A similar event has the ability to happen between plants and bacteria. For example, Agrobacterium tumefaciens has the ability to introduce genes into plants to cause the development of Gall disease. This occurs through genetic transfer between the A. tumefaciens and between the plant in question.
In fact, a similar event occurs each time viral infections occur within living organisms. The viruses, whether positive or negative sense viruses, require a living organism to replicate their genes and produce more viruses. Once a virus is inside a living organism, it utilizes polymerases, ribosomes, and other biomolecules to replicate its own genetic material and to produce more virus genetic material similar to the original virus. Thus, gene transfer may occur through many varying means. Thus, the study of this gene transfer throughout each ecosystem, whether it be through a bacterial ecosystem or through the ecosystem of an organism, genetic ecology is the study of this gene transfer and its causes.
# 1976–77 Magyar Kupa

The 1976–77 Magyar Kupa (English: Hungarian Cup) was the 37th season of Hungary's annual knock-out cup football competition. The Finals were played in a round-robin tournament format.
# What Did You Do for Summer Break

What Did You Do For Summer Break is an EP by American songwriter M Ross Perkins. It was released in digital format on August 31, 2018, on SofaBurn Records.

## Track listing

All songs composed and arranged by M Ross Perkins.
* "Bed Sheet Wing" – 4:20
* "I'm Going Out to See My Baby" – 3:36
* "When You're Near Me" – 3:38
* "Hopscotch for the Animal Parade" – 4:49
* "Restless Amy" – 3:25
* "Don't Call Your Ride" – 4:46

## Personnel

* M Ross Perkins – all voices, instruments, and production
# Thone River

Thone River, a perennial stream of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

## Course and features

Thone River rises on the eastern slopes of Mount Gibraltar, within the Gibraltar Range, and flows generally north northeast for 32 kilometres (20 mi) before reaching its confluence with the Hastings River.
# Hiroshi Awatsuji

Hiroshi Awatsuji (粟辻 博, Awatsuji Hiroshi, 1929 – 1995), was a Japanese textile designer. After World War II, he produced numerous innovative designs which inspired the beginning of a new era. His works are characterized by the use of vivid colors and daring compositions which combine Japanese traditional arts and Western textile design.

## Biography

Awatsuji was born in Kyoto, Japan in 1929. He graduated from the Kyoto Municipal Arts College (later called Kyoto City University of Arts) in 1950. Between 1950 and 1954, he worked for Kanegafuchi Spinning Company (now called Kanebo), and then at Kenjiro Oishi Studio. In 1958, he started his own design studio, and in 1963/4, he began design collaborations with Fujie Textile.
Awatsuji designed the curtains and carpets used in two pavilions during the 1970 World Exposition in Osaka.
Awatsuji founded his own design company, AWA, in 1988. AWA was known for its home goods, in particular its black-and-white patterned textiles and tableware.

## Awards

He was the recipient of the Mainichi Industrial Design Award in 1971, the Japan Interior Designer's Association Award in 1972, and the Silver Award in Industrial Arts at the Third Textile Triennale in Todz, Poland, in 1978. He received the Gold Prize in 1992 at the 28th ID Annual Design Review (USA), and, shortly before his death in 1995, received the Kitaro Kunii Industrial Design Award.
# Pnuma Trio

The Pnuma Trio was an electronic musical group, bringing classical, jazz, funk, hip hop, and drum and bass influences. A recent article in Art Voice magazine dubbed the Pnuma Trio the "Music of the future."
The Pnuma Trio consists of Alex Botwin on bass guitar, Ben Hazlegrove on keyboards, and Lane Shaw on drums. Hazlegrove received classical training at the Berklee College of Music.

## Career

The Pnuma Trio was born in December 2004 and began practicing and performing in Memphis, Tennessee. During their career, Pnuma has toured the United States extensively, and Japan and Australia as well. They were the only American band at 2006's Exodus Festival in Australia. They have shared the stage with bands like Disco Biscuits, STS9, Lotus, Zilla, Michael Franti, The String Cheese Incident, and Buckethead among others.
Throughout the summer of 2007 the band will be heavily touring the festival circuit with stops at Wakarusa, Summer Camp, and 10,000 Lakes Festival, Joshua Tree Music Festival, and Nelson Ledges.
Within the electronic music community, the Pnuma Trio's followers are growing at a steady pace. According to JamBase, "They've become one of the most talked about young bands in the country."
Pnuma Trio has just completed a new studio album entitled Character which was released on Columbia Records Japanese Division on September 25, 2007.
Pnuma Trio had a career-defining performance at St. Elmo Hall at the University of Virginia in April 2007.
The Electric Avenue Music & Arts Festival announced that Pnuma Trio will headline the 3 Night / Day Festival in Denver, CO, Sept 3-5, 2010.
Currently Ben Hazlegrove and Lane Shaw are working on their project Mansions on the Moon, While Alex Botwin produces and tours as Paper Diamond.

## Members

* Alex Botwin - bass guitar, programming
* Ben Hazlegrove - keyboards
* Lane Shaw - drums

## Discography

* 2006 - Live from Out There
* 2007 - Character
# General Sherman (disambiguation)

General William Tecumseh Sherman (1820–1891) was a leading US Civil War general.
General Sherman may also refer to:

## People

* Francis Trowbridge Sherman (1825–1905), Union general in the American Civil War
* Sidney Sherman (1805–1873), Texas Army general
* Thomas W. Sherman (1813–1879), Union general during the American Civil War

## Other uses

* General Sherman (tree), a giant sequoia tree
* USS General Sherman, a Union Navy Civil War gunboat
* SS General Sherman, an American merchant ship destroyed in the 1866 General Sherman incident
# 1979 Kentucky Derby

The 1979 Kentucky Derby was the 105th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 5, 1979, on a track rated fast.

## Full results

| Finished | Post | Horse | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time / behind |
| 1st | 4 | Spectacular Bid | Ron Franklin | Bud Delp | Hawksworth Farm | 2:02 2/5 |
| 2nd | 1 | General Assembly | Laffit Pincay Jr. | LeRoy Jolley | Bertram R. Firestone | 2 ¾ |
| 3rd | 2 | Golden Act | Sandy Hawley | Loren Rettele | William H. Oldknow & Robert W. Phipps | 3 |
| 4th | 7 | King Celebrity | Cash Asmussen | Robert J. Taylor | Che-Bar Stable | 1 ¾ |
| 5th | 8 | Flying Paster | Donald Pierce | Gordon C. Campbell | Bernard J. Ridder | 2 ½ |
| 6th | 6 | Screen King | Angel Cordero Jr. | Luis Barrera | Flying Zee Stable | 3 ½ |
| 7th | 1A | Sir Ivor Again | Don MacBeth | LeRoy Jolley | Mrs. Tilyou Christopher | 3 ¼ |
| 8th | 5 | Shamgo | Frank Olivares | John Sullivan | Rogers Red Top Inc. | 1 ¼ |
| 9th | 9 | Lot O' Gold | Donald Brumfield | Smiley Adams | Frederick E. Lehmann | 4 ¼ |
| 10th | 3 | Great Redeemer | Richard Depass | James A. Mohamed | Mr. & Mrs. James Mohamed | 25 |
* Winning Breeder: Mrs. William Jason & Mrs. William M. Gilmore; (KY)
# White antelope

White antelope may refer to:
* Addax, an antelope
* Robin Pecknold, a musician associated with the indie folk band Fleet Foxes
* White Antelope (Cheyenne chief), c. 1789 - 1864, killed in the Sand Creek massacre
# Thomas Winford

Thomas Winford may refer to:
* Thomas Geers Winford (c. 1697–1751), British lawyer and politician
* Sir Thomas Winford, 1st Baronet (died 1702), of the Winford baronets
* Sir Thomas Winford, 2nd Baronet (1673–1744), of the Winford baronets, MP for Worcestershire
# Hither Hills State Park

Hither Hills State Park is a 1,755-acre (7.10 km$^2$) state park located on the eastern end of the South Fork of Long Island near the hamlet of Montauk, New York.

## History

The land that was to become Hither Hills State Park was once slated for private development of a recreational complex, including hotels, casinos, a polo field, and yacht basin, in the early 20th century. After the planned development was blocked by the Long Island State Park Commission, a portion of the private holdings were sold to New York State, who opened the 1,755-acre (7.10 km$^2$) parcel as Hither Hills State Park in August 1924.

## Description
### Location and access

The park is located on the South Fork of Long Island at Napeague. Three additional state parks a few miles farther east are: Montauk Downs State Park, Camp Hero State Park, and Montauk Point State Park.
The nearby hamlet of Montauk is accessible from the park via the Montauk Highway and the Montauk Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. Suffolk Transit's 10C route also serves the beach connecting it with East Hampton and Montauk, and the Amagansett, East Hampton and Montauk Long Island Rail Road stations on the Montauk Branch.

### Features and amenities

The park offers a sandy, ocean beach; picnic tables; a playground; recreation programs; a nature trail; hiking; a bridle path; hunting, fishing; a campground with 168 tent and trailer sites near the ocean; cross-country skiing; and a food concession. The park includes Walking Dunes Trail, featuring a view of the parabolic, migrating sand dunes, which are rare in the Eastern United States; most beach dunes are linear and do not migrate.
# Rampart Berg

Rampart Berg was an iceberg discovered by the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition in 1915, estimated by Frank Worsley to have been 1150 feet (350 metres) tall, with a thousand feet of that below the sea. According to expedition photographer Frank Hurley, the berg’s prominence throughout the months in which they were stuck in the ice caused the members of the expedition “to look upon it as an old friend”.

## Events

Rampart Berg had been about 10 miles from the Endurance shortly before late March 1915, but was located about a mile away from the ship as of 27 March. On 18 April 1915 expedition leader Sir Ernest Shackleton noted that Rampart Berg was drifting away from the Endurance. On 20 August 1915, with the Endurance trapped in ice, Worsley, Hurley and Lionel Greenstreet went on a trip to Rampart Berg, with them getting into trouble when they journeyed onto thinner, younger ice unable to hold their weight. The three only escaped by turning quickly and getting onto thicker ice. On the same day, a change in the position of Rampart Berg relative to the Endurance notified Shackleton that the ice pack the ship was stuck in was moving, indicating that pressure ridges would soon be crushing against the side of the ship.
# Milliman

Milliman, formerly Milliman & Robertson, is an international actuarial and consulting firm based in Seattle, Washington.
The company was founded in 1947, by Wendell Milliman and Stuart A. Robertson and operates 59 offices internationally, with over 3,000 employees. Milliman is owned and managed by approximately 350 principals. The firm's primary business includes consulting practices in employee benefits, healthcare, investment, life insurance and financial services, and property and casualty insurance. The firm also provides data analysis and predictive analytics.

## History

In the late 1940s, actuary Wendell Milliman started a consultancy in the Pacific Northwest. He was later joined by Stuart A. Robertson to establish Milliman & Robertson, Inc. The firm was initially centered mainly on assessing business risk and pension issues. In the retirement plan industry, Milliman provided services in actuarial consulting, consulting on compensation and care, retirement outsourcing, and others.
During the 1950s, Milliman & Robertson established the first health insurance benchmarking tool for the US healthcare market. During this time the company began expanding to other states and began offering other services, such as new forms of annuities, and employee benefit plans and pensions. The company’s first international office was opened in Tokyo during the 1990s, which was followed by international offices in several other foreign markets, and the first foreign insurance consulting assignment to be given in the People's Republic of China.

## Milliman indices

Milliman produces economic indexes for the American healthcare and insurance markets, including the Milliman 100 Pension Funding index. The Pension Funding Index examines the liabilities and assets of the top 100 pension funds in the US, establishing the funded status of the group overall. The company also releases an annual Milliman Medical Index, first published in 2001. The Medical Index calculates the total annual cost of healthcare for an American family of four covered by employer healthcare coverage. Between 2002 and 2015, it has shown an increase of 267% in healthcare costs to these family units.

### Milliman care guidelines

Milliman Inc. previously owned MCG (formerly known as Milliman Care Guidelines and now known as MCG Health), which has been producing evidence-based clinical guidelines for healthcare organizations since 1990. In 2012, the Hearst Corporation acquired MCG.
# List of national men's football teams

List of national men's football teams may refer to:
* List of men's national association football teams
* List of International Rugby League members
* List of international rugby union teams
# Proctoporus kiziriani

Proctoporus kiziriani is a species of lizard in the family Gymnophthalmidae. It is endemic to Peru.
# Poboleda

Poboleda (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in the province of Tarragona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
# 1979 Women's World Team Squash Championships

The 1979 Women's World Team Squash Championships were held in England and took place from March 15 until March 20, 1979.

## Results
### Round Robin

| Team One | Team Two | Score |
| Australia | Sweden | 3-0 |
| Great Britain | Canada | 3-0 |
| Sweden | United States | 2-1 |
| Australia | Ireland | 3-0 |
| Great Britain | Ireland | 3-0 |
| Great Britain | Australia | 3-0 |
| Great Britain | United States | 3-0 |
| Australia | Canada | 3-0 |
| Ireland | Sweden | 3-0 |
| Ireland | United States | 3-0 |
| Canada | Sweden | 2-1 |
| Canada | United States | 3-0 |
| Great Britain | Sweden | |
| Australia | United States | |
| Ireland | Canada | |
| Pos | Nation | Team | P | W | L | Pts |
| 1 | Great Britain | Sue Cogswell, Angela Smith, Teresa Lawes, Barbara Diggens, Jayne Ashton, Lesley Moore | 5 | 5 | 0 | 10 |
| 2 | Australia | Barbara Wall, Vicki Hoffman, Sue King, Rhonda Thorne, Anne Smith | 5 | 4 | 1 | 8 |
| 3 | Ireland | Geraldine Barniville, Dororthy Armstrong, Barbara Sanderson, Irene Hewitt | 5 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| 4 | Canada | Shelagh Murray, Elaine Hinnegan, Ann Thompson, Penny Glover, Kay Widmer, Sue Pexman, Barbara Savage | 5 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 5 | Sweden | Katarina Due-Boje, Tina Dahl, Agneta Samuelson, Eva Lundqvist | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| 6 | United States | Mariann Greenberg, Carol Weymuller, Ginny Akabane, Barbara Maltby, Diana Nyad | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
# Thomas Birley

Thomas Howard Birley (11 December 1865 – 1949) was Anglican Bishop of Zanzibar from 1925 until 1943. He was educated at Radley and Christ Church, Oxford and ordained in 1889 after a period of study at Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was Curate of St Saviour, Roath then Vicar of St Thomas the Martyr, Oxford. He was at the UMCA Mission at Korogwe from 1908 to 1911 and Archdeacon of Zigualand until 1925.
He returned to England and became Chaplain to the St Giles Homes and Community of Sacred Passion at East Hanningfield. He died on 31 March 1949.
# STZ

STZ may refer to:
* Snowbird Tectonic Zone, a geological boundary in the Canadian Shield
* Stalingrad Tractor Factory (Russian: Stalingradskiy traktornyy zavod), now known as Volgograd Tractor Factory
* Stanozolol (STZ), an anabolic steroid
* Streptozotocin (streptozocin, STZ, Zanosar) is a naturally occurring chemical
* STZ, NYSE ticker symbol for Constellation Brands
* STZ TV, a Brazilian TV station
# Raspberries' Best

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | A− |
| The New Rolling Stone Record Guide | |
Raspberries' Best Featuring Eric Carmen, more commonly known as Raspberries' Best, is a 1976 compilation album by Raspberries. The album contained songs from each of the group's four LP's, which were recorded between 1972 and 1974. Most of the tracks on this LP were among their seven charting hits. The group had already disbanded when this compilation was released.
Raspberries' Best was well received by critics; Dave Marsh called it "an exquisite anthology of Seventies pop rock that's a throwback to the heyday of the Beatles and Beach Boys", while Robert Christgau said the compilation "performs a needed service by compiling cuts from the group's first two (flawed) albums".

## Track listing

* "Go All the Way" (Carmen) – 3:10 / Lead vocal: Eric
* "Tonight" (Carmen) – 3:40 / Lead vocal: Eric
* "Ecstasy" (Carmen) – 3:38 / Lead vocal: Eric
* "I Wanna Be with You" (Carmen) – 3:05 / Lead vocal: Eric
* "I Can Remember" (Carmen) – 8:00 / Lead vocal: Eric
* "Overnight Sensation (Hit Record)" (Carmen) – 5:34 / Lead vocal: Eric
* "Let's Pretend" (Carmen) – 3:41 / Lead vocal: Eric
* "Drivin' Around" (Carmen, Smalley) – 3:01 / Lead vocal: Eric
* "Starting Over" (Carmen) – 4:10 / Lead vocal: Eric
* "Don't Want to Say Goodbye" (Carmen, Bryson) – 5:05 / Lead vocal: Eric and Wally
* Tracks 1, 5, and 10 from Raspberries.
* Tracks 4, 7, and 8 from Fresh.
* Tracks 2 and 3 from Side 3.
* Tracks 6 and 9 from Starting Over.
Timings and credits taken from the original Capitol issue (ST-11524).
# Milliman (surname)

Milliman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jake Milliman, American professional wrestler
* James C. Milliman (1847–1933), American politician
* Wendell Milliman (1905–1976), American businessman
# List of mayors of Waterloo, Ontario

This is list of reeves and mayors of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Waterloo was incorporated as a village in 1857, became a town in 1876, and a city in 1948.

## Village of Waterloo

Reeves:
* Moses Springer, 1857–1862
* Daniel Snyder, 1862
* John Hoffman, 1863–1866
* Moses Springer, 1867–1869
* George Randall, 1870–1872
* Moses Springer, 1873–1876

## Town of Waterloo

* Moses Springer, 1876–1877
* George Randall, 1878
* Christian Kumpf, 1879–1880
* Benjamin Devitt, 1881–1883
* George Moore, 1884
* William Snider, 1885–1886
* Jacob Conrad, 1887
* Christian Kumpf, 1888–1889
* George Moore, 1890
* William Snider, 1891–1892
* Walter Wells, 1893
* Robert Y. Fish, 1894
* Simon Snyder, 1895–1897
* Jeremiah B. Hughes, 1898
* George Diebel, 1899–1900
* David Bean, 1901–1903
* Jacob Uffelmann, 1904–1905
* Edward F. Seagram, 1906–1907
* John Fischer, 1908
* Andrew Weidenhammer, 1909
* Levi Graybill, 1910–1911
* John B. Fischer, 1912–1913
* John R. Kaufman, 1914–1915
* Dr. William L. Hilliard, 1916–1917
* William H. Kutt, 1918–1919
* Daniel Bohlender, 1920–1921
* William G. Weichel, 1922–1923
* William Henderson, 1924–1925
* William D. Brill, 1926–1928
* Louis F. Dietrich, 1929–1930
* William Uffelman, 1931
* Daniel Bohlender, 1932
* Walter W. Frickey, 1933–1934
* Henry E. Ratz, 1935–1936
* Wes McKersie, 1937–1940
* William D. Brill, 1941–1942
* Frank B. Relyea, 1943
* Albert R. Heer, 1944–1946
* Wilfred L. Hilliard, 1947

## City of Waterloo

* Wilfred L. Hilliard, 1948
* Vernon Bauman, 1949–1951
* Donald A. Roberts, 1952–1953
* Frank N. Bauer, 1954–1955
* Leo J. Whitney, 1956–1957
* Harold Paikin, 1958–1959
* James S. Bauer, 1960–1965
* Arthur C. Paleczny, 1966–1967
* Donovan P. Meston, 1968–1974
* Herbert A. Epp, 1975–1977
* Marjorie Carroll, 1978–1988
* Brian Turnbull, 1988–1997
* Joan McKinnon, 1997–2000
* Lynne Woolstencroft, 2000–2003
* Herbert A. Epp, 2003–2006
* Brenda Halloran, 2006–2014
* Dave Jaworsky, 2014–2022
* Dorothy McCabe, 2022–present
# Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase

In enzymology, a protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (protocatechuic acid) and O$_2$, whereas its product is 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O$_2$ as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is protocatechuate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing). Other names in common use include protocatechuate oxygenase, protocatechuic acid oxidase, protocatechuic 3,4-dioxygenase, and protocatechuic 3,4-oxygenase. This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation and 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation. It employs one cofactor, iron.
This enzyme has been found effective at improving organic fluorophore-stability in single-molecule experiments. Commercial preps of the enzyme isolated from Pseudomonas spp. generally require further purification to remove strong contaminating nuclease activity.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 37 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1EO2, 1EO9, 1EOA, 1EOB, 1EOC, 1YKK, 1YKL, 1YKM, 1YKN, 1YKO, 1YKP, 2BUM, 2BUQ, 2BUR, 2BUT, 2BUU, 2BUV, 2BUW, 2BUX, 2BUY, 2BUZ, 2BV0, 2PCD, 3PCA, 3PCB, 3PCC, 3PCD, 3PCE, 3PCF, 3PCG, 3PCH, 3PCI, 3PCJ, 3PCK, 3PCL, 3PCM, and 3PCN.