# National minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina recognises three constituent peoples and 17 national minorities (nacionalne manjine). These latter include 2.73% of the total population of the country, i.e. 96,539 persons. The biggest community is the Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are estimated at around 58,000 persons.

## Legislative framework

The state-level Law on the Protection of National Minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted in 2003, followed by the Law on the Protection of National Minorities of the Republika Srpska in 2005, and the Law on the Protection of National Minorities in Federation of BiH in 2008. Similar laws were passed also by the Government of the Brcko District of BiH and three cantons of the Federation of BiH. In June 2020 the Brcko District adopted a new Law on the rights of National Minorities.
Bosnia and Herzegovina ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2010.

## National Minority Councils

Since 2006, the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina established the Council of National Minorities, as a special advisory body to give opinions, advice and proposals to the Parliamentary Assembly of BiH on all matters concerning the law, position and interests of national minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The BiH National Minority Council is composed of 17 representatives of national minorities, one representative on behalf of each ethnic minority.
The National Minority Council of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity was established in March 2016.
The National Minority Council of the Republika Srpska entity was established in 2005.
The National Minority Council of Sarajevo Canton was established in 2012, with extended powers of legislative initiative.
The National Minority Council of the Brcko District was established in May 2022, on the basis of the new district law on national minorities adopted in October 2020

## Associations

In Bosnia and Herzegovina exists more than 100 national minority CSOs. Generally, associations operate individually or within the alliances. The Association of National Minorities of Republika Srpska (ANMRS) was established in 2003 as a voluntary and open non-partisan association of citizens. It gathers, as an umbrella organisations, 40 member associations of national minorities in Republika Srpska.

## Education in minority languages

Italian and Ukrainian are taught in one and four schools respectively in the town of Prnjavor (15 and 24 pupils in total in 2015).
German, Russian, and Italian are taught as foreign languages in several high schools throughout the country.
Associations and embassies also organise several elective courses of minority languages as foreign languages.
Several newsletters and bulletins are published periodically in minority languages, including four in Slovene, and one each in Hungarian (Új dobos), Macedonian (Vinozito), Italian (Stella d'Italia) and Czech (Banjalucki Krajani)

## Demographics

| Minority | 1991 census | 2013 census | Associations |
| Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4,925 | 2,659+150 (self declared: Kosovars, Shqiptars, Bosnian-Albanians etc.) | |
| Czechs in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | Česká beseda |
| Germans in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | |
| Hungarians in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | Association of Hungarians Sarajevo HUM |
| Italians in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | Association of Italians of the City of Banja Luka; Association of Citizens of Italian Origin (Sarajevo); UGIP "Rino Zandonai" Tuzla |
| Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | |
| Macedonians in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,596 | 738 | Association of Macedonians of RS |
| Montenegrins of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10,071 | 1,883 | |
| Poles in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 526 | 258 | Association of Poles "POLSA" |
| Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8,864 | 12,583 (est. 58,000) | 84 associations; BiH Roma Committee |
| Romanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | |
| Russians in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | |
| Ruthenians in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | |
| Slovaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | |
| Slovenians in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | 937 | Slovenian Cultural Association "Cankar" Sarajevo |
| Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 267 | 1,108 | |
| Ukrainians in Bosnia and Herzegovina | | 2,331 | |
Population of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to ethnic group 1948–1996 :
| Ethnic group | census 1948 | census 1948 | census 1953 | census 1953 | census 1961 | census 1961 | census 1971 | census 1971 | census 1981 | census 1981 | census 1991 | census 1991 | census UNHCR 1996 | census UNHCR 1996 | census 2013 | census 2013 | popul.change 1991-2013 | popul.change 1991-2013 |
| Ethnic group | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
| Bosniaks | 788,403 | 30.7 | 891,800 | 31.3 | 842,248 | 25.7 | 1,482,430 | 39.6 | 1,629,924 | 39.5 | 1,902,956 | 43.5 | 1,805,910 | 46.1 | 1,769,592 | 50.11 | -133,364 | +6.64% |
| Serbs | 1,136,116 | 44.3 | 1,264,372 | 44.4 | 1,406,057 | 42.9 | 1,393,148 | 37.2 | 1,320,644 | 32.0 | 1,366,104 | 31.2 | 1,484,530 | 37.9 | 1,086,733 | 30.78 | -279,371 | -0.43% |
| Croats | 614,123 | 23.9 | 654,229 | 23.0 | 711,665 | 21.7 | 772,491 | 20.6 | 758,136 | 18.4 | 760,852 | 17.4 | 571,317 | 14.6 | 544,780 | 15.43 | -216,072 | -1.95% |
| Yugoslavs | | | | | 275,883 | 8.4 | 43,796 | 1.2 | 326,280 | 7.9 | 242,682 | 5.5 | | | 2,570 | 0 | | |
| Montenegrins | 3,094 | 0.1 | 7,336 | 0.3 | 12,828 | 0.4 | 13,021 | 0.3 | 14,114 | 0.3 | 10,071 | 0.2 | | | 1,883 | 0 | | |
| Roma | 442 | 0.0 | 2,297 | 0.1 | 588 | 0.0 | 1,456 | 0.0 | 7,251 | 0.2 | 8,864 | 0.2 | | | 12,583 | 0,4 | | |
| Albanians | | | | | 3,642 | 0.1 | 3,764 | 0.1 | 4,396 | 0.1 | 4,925 | 0.1 | | | 2,569 | 0 | | |
| Others/undeclared | 23,099 | 0.9 | 27,756 | 1.0 | 28,679 | 0.8 | 36,005 | 1 | 63,263 | 1.5 | 80,579 | 1.9 | 58,196 | 1.5 | 110,449 | 3 | | |
| Total | 2,565,277 | 2,565,277 | 2,847,790 | 2,847,790 | 3,277,948 | 3,277,948 | 3,746,111 | 3,746,111 | 4,124,008 | 4,124,008 | 4,376,403 | 4,376,403 | 3,919,953 | 3,919,953 | 3,531,159 | 3,531,159 | | |