OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Galeas

A galeas is a type of small trade vessel that was common in the Baltic Sea and North Sea from the 17th to the early 20th centuries. The characteristics of the ships depend somewhat from where the ship originated. Swedish variants had two masts and were rigged as ketches or sometimes as schooners. The galeas was developed from the Dutch galliot, which was rigged in a similar way, but was equipped with a rounded stern. The Swedish galliot was sometimes called "Dutch hoy" or "English dogger". The galeas has a galliot's rig, but with a square stern.

## Sources

* Skonare (skonert), brigantin, brigg (in Swedish)
* Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish)
* 18th century galeas from Stettin, Germany High resolution photos of a model
* This naval article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This merchant ship article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Garci Álvarez de Toledo

Garci Álvarez de Toledo y Meneses was a Spanish noble of the House of Oropesa. He was the Grand Master of the Order of Santiago from 1359 to 1366.

## Family origins

Garci was from the prestigious House of Oropesa. He was the son of Garci Álvarez de Toledo, the head Alcalde of Toledo, and Mencía Téllez de Meneses y Gómez. He was the brother of Gutierre Álvarez de Toledo, bishop of Palencia and cardinal and chancellor of the Queen Juana Manuel. He was also the brother of Fernán Álvarez de Toledo y Meneses, Marshall of Castile.

## Marriage and descendants

Garci married Estefanía de Monroy, but had no children with her. He did however, have an illegitimate son with Catalina de Loaysa, Fernán Álvarez de Toledo y Loaysa. Some historians suggest the possibility that Garci eventually married in secret with Catalina.

## Biography

Garci served the king Peter of Castile, being named head Mayordomo of his son Alonso. In 1359 he was named Grand Master of the Order of Santiago after the assassination of Fadrique Alfonso de Castilla.
In 1366, Garci was involved in the war between Henry II of Castile and of Peter of Castile. King Peter went to Sevilla, leaving the defense of Toledo to Garci.
Most of the nobility in Toledo pledged loyalty to Henry II. Garci, unable to defend the city properly, was made to surrender the Grand Mastership to Gonzalo Mexía (who already exercised that title in the court of Henry II), in exchange for the title of Conde of Oropesa and Valdecorneja.

## Death

Garci died in 1370 during the Castilian siege of Ciudad Rodrigo which was defended by the Portuguese forces of Ferdinand I of Portugal during the Ferdinand Wars. His estate at Oropesa was inherited by his son Fernán Álvarez de Toledo y Loaysa. His estate and title at Valdecorneja went to his brother Fernán Álvarez de Toledo y Meneses, beginning the bloodline of the Dukes of Alba.
| Preceded byFadrique Alfonso de Castilla | Grand Master of the Order of Santiago 1359–1366 | Succeeded byGonzalo Mejía de Virués |
# Gardan Deh

Gardan Deh is a village in Bamyan Province in central Afghanistan.
# Pinus cooperi

Pinus cooperi, sometimes called Cooper's pine or Cooper pine, is a medium-sized pine which is endemic to Mexico.
# Pinus clausa

Pinus clausa is a species of pine endemic to the Southeastern United States. Its common names include sand pine, Florida spruce pine, and scrub pine.

## Distribution

The tree is found in two separate locations, one across central peninsular Florida, and the other along the western Florida panhandle coast into the Alabama coast. There is a range gap of about 200 km (120 mi) between the populations (from the Ochlockonee River to Cedar Key). The sand pines of the Florida peninsula and of the Florida panhandle coast differ enough to be classified into two varieties or races, Pinus clausa var. clausa ("Ocala"), on the peninsula, and P. clausa var. immuginata ("Choctawhatchee"), along the panhandle coast. While most peninsular sand pines (var. clausa) have non-serotinous, or open, cones, most of the panhandle sand pines (var. immuginata) have serotinous, or closed, cones.
Sand pine is largely confined to the very infertile, excessively well-drained, sandy habitat of Florida scrub. It is often the only canopy tree in the Florida scrub ecosystem. Stands of sand pines in peninsular Florida tend to be dense and of the same age, while stands of sand pines along the panhandle coast tend to be more open than on the peninsula, and with trees of varying age.

## Description

Pinus clausa is a small, often shrubby tree from 5–10 m (16–33 ft), exceptionally to 21 m (69 ft) tall. It is vulnerable to windfall, and stands in areas prone to hurricanes can be found leaning in the same direction.
The leaves are needle-like, in pairs, 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) long, and its cones are 3–8 cm (1.2–3.1 in) long.
Over much of its range, it is fire-adapted to stand-replacing wildfires, with the cones remaining closed for many years (clausa = closed), until a natural forest fire kills the mature trees and opens the cones. These then reseed the burnt ground. Some populations differ in having cones that open at maturity, with seed dispersal not relying on fires. Without a fire every 20-60 years, Pinus clausa populations will be succeeded by oak and hickory. Most fires occur in the spring due to low water content in the needles and high winds. In addition, resin content is highest in the spring, causing extreme or uncontrollable fire behavior, such as a 1935 fire in Ocala National Forest that burned 5,670 acres (2,295 ha) in only 4 hours.

## Uses

Pinus clausa woodlands are an important part of the Florida scrub ecosystem, and provide habitat for songbirds, birds of prey, grey and flying squirrels, as well as the endangered Florida sand skink and Florida scrub jay, among other species. It is one of the few canopy trees able to grow in arid, sandy, and hot locations with minimal care.
While the dense branching and crooked trunks makes this tree unsuitable for wood production, it is often used for wood pulp.
# Pinus bungeana

Pinus bungeana (Chinese: 白皮松; pinyin: báipísōng; Japanese: シロマツ; Korean: 백송; RR: baeksong), also known by the common names Bunge's pine, lacebark pine and white-barked pine, is a pine tree native to northeastern and central China. It is a slow-growing tree that can grow to heights of 15–25 metres (49–82 ft) is frost hardy down to below −26 °C (−15 °F). Its smooth, grey-green bark gradually sheds in round scales to reveal patches of pale yellow, which turn olive-brown, red and purple on exposure to light.

## Description

The lacebark pine's trunk can grow either monopodial, as a single growth upwards, or sympodial, forked. Its crown is loosely shaped like a pyramid or umbrella. It has 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) long needles in groups of three. Each needles' cross-sections are shaped like a triangular semicircle. The lacebark pine produces cones that turn yellowish brown as they mature and are roughly egg-shaped and 5–7 centimetres (2.0–2.8 in) long. They contain seeds that are grey-brown, slightly egg-shaped, and 10 millimetres (0.39 in) long.

## Taxonomy

P. bungeana is synonymous with the name Pinus excorticata, attributed to Lindley and Gordon in William Dallimore's Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae. Its name is derived from the surname "Bunge", as one of its early identifications was by botanist Alexander von Bunge in 1831 near Beijing.
P. bungeana is closely related to Pinus gerardiana, another pine species with flaking bark, but P. bungeana has stiffer needles and smaller cones.

## Distribution and habitat

Pinus bungeana is native to temperate forests in the mountains of China, but it is also widely cultivated as an ornamental tree, especially for its metallic bark. It grows in the provinces of Shanxi, west Henan, south Gansu, south Hebei, north Sichuan, Shaanxi, west Shandong, and Hubei. It occurs in the wild on limestone rocks and south-facing slopes at relatively high elevations of 500–2,150 metres (1,640–7,050 ft), but has also been planted at lower elevations. In the northern portion of its range, it also occurs in acidic soil. As a light-demanding species, it usually grows in sites less suitable for other tree species.
It was introduced to England in 1843.

## Ecology

Pollination of the lacebark pine occurs in the months of April and May, while seeds mature in October and November of the second year.

## Uses

In China and Korea, the lacebark pine is traditionally planted near temples and cemeteries. It is also grown as an ornamental tree in classical gardens seeking to imitate Chinese gardens, in which it symbolizes longevity. It can also be seen in botanic gardens and often grows with multiple stems.
The wood of the lacebark pine is not commercially used as timber, but it is used locally by populations in northeast China for construction, furniture, and transport structures like pallets. The lacebark pine has edible seeds used in traditional Chinese medicine to provide relief for respiratory ailments.

## Cultural significance

In 2009, P. bungeana was named the city tree of Baoji, China.
# Pirnaischer Platz

The Pirnaischer Platz is a square in Dresden, Germany. It is the site of the city's Landhaus.
51°02′57″N 13°44′43″E﻿ / ﻿51.04917°N 13.74528°E﻿ / 51.04917; 13.74528
* This Saxony location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pinré

Pinré is a town in the Méguet Department of Ganzourgou Province in central Burkina Faso. It has a population of 2,023.
# Ganbareh

"Ganbareh" (頑張れ, "go for it" in Japanese) is a song by German production group Sash!, released on June 24, 2002, via Virgin Records as the first single from their fourth studio album S4!Sash!.

## Overview

The song was originally written for the official FIFA World Cup 2002 album as South Korea and Japan hosted the event. It did not make it there, but was instead used for the official ice hockey world cup. The single also includes a bonus track, "The Sunset", performed by Georgina Collins.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Ralph Kappmaier, Thomas Allison and Sascha Lappessen

## Credits

* Artwork – Virgin Munich
* Cover photography – Adrian Raba, Hagen Brede Productions GmbH
* Producer – Sash!, Tokapi
* Vocals – Mikio (tracks 1, 3, 4 and 5), Georgina Collins (track 2)
* Writers – Ralf Kappmeier, Sascha Lappessen, Thomas Alisson

## Charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 43 |
| Denmark (Tracklisten) | 7 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 43 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 3 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 94 |
# Pietro Baldancoli

Pietro Baldancoli (December 7, 1834 – 1901) was an Italian painter.

## Biography

He was born in Florence, where he initially studied ornamentation with Vincenzo Saccardi, and at the age of 12 years, he apprenticed with Alessandro Maffei at the Academy of Fine Arts of Florence. At the age of 14, his right arm was amputated during a hunting accident. He then began to paint with his left arm, and by eighteen years of age, began to paint ceiling decorations. He studied figure painting with Paolo Sarti. In 1857, Baldancoli moved to Livorno to paint various ceilings in the Palazzi Papudoff and Maurocordato. Returning to Florence, he decorated the rooms for Conte Fossombroni with a design that recalled the Florentine Renaissance.

## Works

He also decorated the Casino Borghesi, painting the walls in chiaroscuro and the ceiling in color. He helped decorate the Palazzo Cecchi near the Villino Favard; the facade in graffito for the Palazzo of Prince Corsini in Corso de'Tintori; the great hall of the Villino Lemmi in Via della Scala, and in this same Villino, several ceilings in chiaroscuro, in a diversity of styles baroque, Gothic, Pompeian, and fantasy; several ceilings in the first floor of Palazzo Crispi in Via della Scala. He painted the dining room, principal hall, salotto and private rooms in the Palazzo Salviati in Via do'Pinti (commission by Count Gastone di Larderel); a facade in graffito in Via Cimabue; the ceilings for the Teatro Alfieri, Teatro di Campi, and Teatro di Signa; two rooms and a gallery in the Palazzo Stibbert; two ceilings in the style of Poccetti in Pompeian style for the Palazzo della Banca Nazionale; the ceiling of the Loggetta of the Studio Gordigiani; three rooms of the Palazzo Matteini near Via Niccolini (figures on the ceiling in chiaroscuro 1400s style were painted by Federico Andreotti).
He painted several rooms of Palazzo Conti at the Viale in Curva; the ceiling of the entrance to the Museum of Fine Arts of Bern (1878); two ceilings, the entry and the vestibule of the Museum of Natural History of Bern (1880, likely destroyed); several decorative works for the Villa Gordigiani in Rome; frieze painted in chiaroscuro for the studio of the painter Gelli; several works al Palazzo Philipson in Piazza dell' Indipendenza, frieze for the studio of the painter Federico Andreotti; several works al Palazzo Ferrari-Corbelli in Piazza dell' Indipendenza (the figures in the Salon are by painter Ernesto Bellandi); the graffito of Palazzo Pisani, and the rooms in the second floor; various works for the Palazzo James in Via dell' Orivolo; a chapel in a style recalling 1300s in the Palazzo Pestellini in Via Ricasoli; ceiling and walls of the studio of Stefano Ussi, painted in an Arabic style; many other works for Villino Sforni in Via Pier Capponi, for Villino Aulani, and at the Villa Stibbert (1889).
He was named honorary professor of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Florence in 1884 and correspondent academic in 1888.
# Pietro Balestra (sculptor)

Pietro Balestra (c. 1672 – after 1729) was an Italian sculptor of the late-Baroque period. He was born in Siena, and was best known for his work in marble in Dresden, including a Meleager slaying the Calydonian Boar; Venus and Cupid, and Boreas and the Rape of Orithyia.
# Pirwata

Pirwata (Aymara and Quechua pirwa granary, deposit, -ta a suffix, also spelled Pirhuata) is a 5,060-metre-high (16,600 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the Cochabamba Department, on the border of the Ayopaya Province, Morochata Municipality, and the Quillacollo Province, Quillacollo Municipality.
# Gardin

Gardin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Blanche Gardin (born 1977), French actress, comedian and writer.
* Gianfranco Gardin (born 1944), Italian prelate
* Gösta Gärdin (born 1923), Swedish modern pentathlete and Olympic medalist
* Kerri Gardin (born 1984), American professional basketball player
* Laura Gardin Fraser (1889–1966), American sculptor
* Ron Gardin (born 1944), American football player
* Vladimir Gardin (1877–1965), Russian film director
# Gardiki, Trikala

Gardiki (Greek: Γαρδίκη) is a village and a community in the Trikala regional unit of Greece's Thessaly region. It is part of the municipal unit of Aithikes. The 2021 census recorded 134 residents in the community.

## Administrative division

The community of Gardiki comprises two settlements:
* Gardiki (population 58, 2011 census)
* Palaiochori (population 85, 2011 census)

## History

The village occupies the site of the ancient town of Pellinaeum or Pelinna. The ancient town survived until the early Byzantine period, but disappears thereafter only to reappear under the name of Gardiki in the 11th century. The Byzantine settlement was built on the ruins of the ancient citadel, with the foundations of the ancient wall providing the base of the later medieval fortifications. A ruined three-aisled basilica dedicated to St. Paraskevi from the 14th century also survives.
In the late medieval and Ottoman periods, the area was settled by Aromanian (Vlach) Greeks, who remain the main group of the modern village.

## Episcopal see

The town is attested as an episcopal see of the Greek Church since the 11th century as a suffragan see of the Metropolis of Larissa. It was often combined with the nearby see of Peristera (modern Taxiarches).
Manuscript lists give the names of later Greek Orthodox bishops: Metrophanes, degraded in 1623; Gregorius or Cyrillus, 1623; Sophronius, 1646-1649; Gregorius, about 1700; Meletius, 1743; Paisius, 18th century; Gregorius, about 1852. When Thessaly was united with Greece (1881), the Greek Orthodox eparchy had been vacant since 1875 and was suppressed in 1899 through being absorbed into the Metropolis of Phthiotis.
# Gardiner's (department store)

Gardiner's was a department store at the junction of Whitechapel High Street and Commercial Road, London. Opened in the 1870s, it specialised in Scottish clothing and military uniforms. It was destroyed by fire in May 1972. Its site, where the main confrontation of the Battle of Cable Street took place in 1936, is sometimes still referred to as Gardiner's Corner.
# Pit Stop (1969 film)

Pit Stop is a 1969 film directed by Jack Hill and starring Brian Donlevy and Richard Davalos. It was the final film for Hollywood veteran Brian Donlevy.

## Plot

Rick, a brash, hustling, opportunistic amateur drag racer, is courted by affluent Grant Willard, who wants him to participate in his burgeoning Figure 8 stock car racing competitions, where the driving pattern guarantees crashes and injuries. Rick quickly starts trying to undermine a popular star of Willard's races, Hawk Sidney, who is prone to over-the-top boasting and taunts. Rick succeeds in defeating him, and wooing away Jolene, a groupie he had been keeping time with. Initially, Hawk reacts violently, destroying Rick's car after a race and beating him up. However, the two men ultimately come to a respectful truce. Rick then sets his sights on besting the comparably calm and conservative champion Ed McCleod, whose wife Ellen frequently helps with the upkeep of his car, but is clearly feeling neglected. Willard encourages Rick's ambitious desire to win, even though it endangers Hawk and Ed. Rick proposes a big challenge to a driver from a rival organization, initially suggesting it as a showcase for all of his drivers, and at a beach party before the race, Rick and Ellen share intimacy. On the day of the race, Willard states that as long as his team wins, it doesn't matter whether the win is taken by Rick or Ed, tacitly approving him showing up the veteran. Hawk is quickly eliminated, and Ed has a crash that he initially walks away from, setting the stage for Rick to win. However, no one from the team is present to congratulate Rick, as they have gone to the hospital where Ed has been taken. When Rick arrives there, he learns that by walking to the ambulance under his own power, instead of allowing paramedics to handle him, lingering whiplash from the wreck broke Ed's neck, and he has died. Willard proposes Rick take Ed's place in an upcoming high-profile race, and Rick accepts, even though he sees that Hawk, Ellen, and Jolene have now lost respect for him.

## Cast

* Brian Donlevy as Grant Willard
* Richard Davalos (billed as Dick Davalos) as Rick Bowman
* Ellen Burstyn (billed as Ellen McRae) as Ellen McLeod
* George Washburn as Ed McLeod
* Sid Haig as Hawk Sidney
* Beverly Washburn as Jolene

## Production

The original title was The Winner but it had to be retitled when Winning was released. It was retitled Pit Stop even though there is no pit stop in the film. Jack Hill saw figure 8 racing and he thought it was so "crazy and so loony" he wanted to document it. The film has come to be regarded as one of Hill's best, even though the fact it was shot in black and white hurt its commercial success. It has earned a cult following. The opening credits indicate that the movie was filmed in 1967.
Although the soundtrack is credited to Seattle psychedelic band The Daily Flash, the group had already disbanded before the film's production. It should actually be credited to the post-Daily Flash project Two Guitars, Piano, Drum & Darryl.
# Garluark

Garluark (fl. 1922–1935) was a leader of the Nuer people of Sudan. Described as a powerful prophet, he led his people in revolt against the Anglo-Egyptian authorities in 1923. He was captured in 1925 but after swearing allegiance to the British was freed and placed in position as indirect ruler of his former territory. After the British district commissioner was murdered in 1927 a force led by Major Lionel Bostock captured Garluark once again. He was freed once more in 1935 and reinstated as ruler.

## Life

Garluark has been described as a "powerful and influential prophet" of the Nuer people. Sudan was at the time under the control of an Anglo-Egyptian condominium and the British administrator for Garluark's territory was district commissioner Captain V. Fergusson. Initially, in 1922, Garluark refused to communicate with Fergusson however later that year he agreed to meet for negotiations which seemed to be proceeding well until Garluark left abruptly.
In 1923 Garluark led the Nuer in the eastern portion of Bahr-al-Ghazal in rebellion against the Anglo-Egyptian authorities. British troops led by Fergusson were initially unable to put down the revolt, but in January 1925 he led a strong force through the Nyuong region which killed the Nuer and burnt their villages. Garluark was captured but, after swearing his allegiance, Fergusson set him free to rule the region on behalf of Britain. He was said to be much feared by the chiefs and sub-chiefs of the region owing to his links with the British.
Fergusson was murdered in December 1927, allegedly on the orders of a local chief, but Garluark was blamed. A simultaneous uprising occurred by the Nuer of the Sobat River region. Two expeditions were launched against the Nuer, one to the Sobat River under Captain JR Chidlaw-Robert and one against Garluark under Major Lionel Bostock. Garluark's men were surrounded by ground troops and attacked by Royal Air Force aircraft. The campaign ended on 7 February 1928 and Garluark was captured and imprisoned at Malakal. Garluark was reinstated as an indirect ruler in 1935 after Fergusson's murderers had been brought to justice.