OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Ainsworth

Thomas Ainsworth (1795–1841) was an Englishman and the founding father of Nijverdal, a small town in the Netherlands, during the 19th century. He laid the basis for the Royal Steam Weaving Mill (KSW) in Nijverdal in 1836 that is still operating today under the name Koninklijke Ten Cate NV [nl].

## Biography

Son of Betty (née Hargreave) and prominent Lancashire cotton industrialist, Thomas Ainsworth (1758–1831) and grandson of pioneer of chemical bleaching and founder of Halliwell bleach works, Peter Ainsworth (1713–1780). Thomas Ainsworth (1795–1841) was born in Bolton le Moors, Lancashire a textile-producing region in England. He married Jane Bower of West Retford, Nottinghamshire in 1820, and together they had 5 children.
Thomas Ainsworth was a textile engineer who established synthetic bleach works in Almelo, Aalten and Enschede, eastern Netherlands and later founded the Twente Steam bleach works in Goor in 1832. He also established a textile school in Overijssel. His works brought economic prosperity to those regions of the Netherlands.
When the cotton firm of Thomas Ainsworth's father went bankrupt, Thomas and his brother, Edward Ainsworth, moved with their families to France and later on to the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (in an area now in Belgium) to work in the cotton industry. Later, in the Netherlands, Thomas worked in the blast furnace of John Cockerill in Seraing.
When the Belgian Revolution started Thomas moved to an area that stayed in the Netherlands and lived for more than a year in the Zaanstreek before he got the idea to go to Elberfeld, Germany to work with chemical aspects of the textile industry which he was very much interested in as later found in a book that he worked for Van Gelder, Schouten & Co where they made bleached and colored paper.
On his way towards Germany he passed Twente, situated in the east of the Netherlands. This was a region that was of particular interest for the Dutch government for a textile company and therefore Thomas was the chosen man. He also went to textile companies Aalten and Hofkes situated in Almelo to build machines for bleaching.
Charles de Maere [nl], a Belgian textile entrepreneur who came to live in Twente after 1830 wanted the expertise of Thomas Ainsworth and later on in 1832 the secretary of the Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij, Willem de Clercq talked about their own textile industry in Twente upon which Nijverdal was founded with the coming of the Royal Steam Weaving Mill (KSW).
Ainsworth died suddenly in 1841. His grave can still be found in the town of Goor.
# Thomas Dent

Thomas Dent may refer to:
* Thomas Dynt or Dent (fl. 1414), English politician
* Thomas Dent Sr. (1630–1676), Maryland politician
* Thomas Dent (lawyer) (1831–1924), Chicago lawyer
* Thomas Dent (Ontario politician) (1891–1977), politician in Ontario, Canada
* Thomas Dent (writer) (1932–1998), African-American poet and writer
* Tom Dent (born 1950), American politician
* Tom Dent (cricketer) (Thomas Henry Dent, 1879–1929), Australian cricketer and banker
* Thomas de Dent (died 1361), English born cleric and judge who held high office in Ireland
# Thomas Bostick

Thomas Bostick could refer to:
* Thomas P. Bostick (born 1956), U.S. Army General
* Thomas G. Bostick Jr., U.S. Army officer killed in Afghanistan, for whom Forward Operating Base Bostick is named
# Thomas Kirk Kristiansen

Thomas Kirk Kristiansen (born 18 February 1979) is a Danish fourth-generation owner of The Lego Group. Together with his father Kjeld, and sisters Agnete and Sofie, they split ownership of a 75% stake in the company.
Among the children of Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen, Thomas is the one who takes the most active part in managing the company. In 2007, he joined the board of directors of the LEGO Foundation. In 2016, Thomas Kristiansen became deputy chairman of the company, and in 2020 he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors.
On May 1, 2023, his father passed the title of Chairman of Kirkbi and the Lego Group to Thomas.
Thomas is married to the tournament rider Signe Kirk Kristiansen with whom he has a daughter.
Thomas Kristiansen made the 2023 Forbes Billionaires List with an estimated wealth of $6.8 billion and occupied the 368th position as of 31 January 2024.
# Thomas Laidlaw

Thomas Laidlaw may refer to:
* Thomas Laidlaw (politician) (1813–1876), New South Wales politician
* Thomas Kennedy Laidlaw (1864–1943), Irish racehorse owner
# Thomas Warner

Thomas Warner may refer to:
* Sir Thomas Warner (explorer) (1580–1649), English explorer, and settler of St Kitts
* Sir Courtenay Warner, 1st Baronet (Thomas Courtenay Theydon Warner, 1857–1934), British politician
* Tom Warner (1948–2019), American politician
* Tom Warner (activist) (born 1952), Canadian gay rights activist
* Thomas Warner (poet) (born 1979), British poet
* Thomas Warner (bobsleigh), British bobsledder
* Thomas Warner (cricketer), South African cricketer
# Thomas Loughran

Thomas Loughran may refer to:
* Tommy Loughran (1902–1982), American boxer
* Thomas P. Loughran Jr., American physician-scientist
# Hisayama, Fukuoka

Hisayama (久山町, Hisayama-machi) is a town located in Kasuya District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 29 February 2024, the town had an estimated population of 9355 in 3836 households, and a population density of 250 persons per km². The total area of the town is 37.44 km$^2$ (14.46 sq mi)

## Geography

Hisayama is located slightly west of the center of Fukuoka Prefecture, adjacent to Fukuoka City. The eastern part of the town is part of the Sangun Mountain Range, and is mostly forested.

### Neighboring municipalities

Fukuoka Prefecture
* Fukuoka
* Kasuya
* Koga
* Miyawaka
* Sasaguri
* Shingū

### Climate

Hisayama has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Hisayama is 15.2 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1599 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.5 °C, and lowest in January, at around 4.4 °C.

### Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Hisayama is as shown below.

## History

The area of Hisayama was part of ancient Chikuzen Province. During the Edo Period, the area was under the control of Fukuoka Domain. After the Meiji restoration, the villages of Kubara and Yamade was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. The two villages merged on September 30, 1956 to form the town of Hisayama.

## Government

Hisayama has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 10 members. Hisayama, together with the other municipalities in Kasuya District contributes three members to the Fukuoka Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Fukuoka 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

The local economy is largely based on agriculture and logistics.

## Education

Hisayama has two public elementary schools and one public junior high school operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school.

## Transportation
### Railways

The Kyushu Shinkansen tracks pass through Hisayama, but the town has no passenger railway service. The nearest train stations are Sasaguri Station and Kadomatsu Station on the JR Kyushu Sasaguri Line.

### Highways

The Kyushu Expressway passes through the western part of the town from north to south, but there are no interchanges or national highways within the town.

## Local attractions

* Shirasan ruins, National Historic Site
# Rantabe

Rantabe is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Maroantsetra, which is a part of Analanjirofo Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 20,000 in 2001 commune census.
Rantabe has a riverine harbour. Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 82% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crops are rice and vanilla, while other important agricultural products are coffee and cloves. Services provide employment for 12% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 6% of the population.

## Roads

The town is situated at the N5, south of the mouth of the Rantabe river into the Indian Ocean.

## Nature

* the Makira Natural Park
# Weihrauch HW 77

The Weihrauch HW 77 (HW for Hermann Weihrauch) is an underlever-cocked, spring-piston air rifle developed and manufactured by the German sporting weapons manufacturer Weihrauch. Renowned for its accuracy, the HW 77 is widely considered the most successful underlever air rifle ever made. It is also known for its rugged construction, considerable weight and precision adjustable trigger. The gun was marketed and sold as the Beeman HW 77 in the American market.

## Current variants

* "HW 77" (Full-length rifle, 470mm barrel length)
* "HW 77 K" (Carbine, 370mm barrel length)
* "HW 77 and HW 77 K Special Edition" (Brown/green/black laminated wood stock)
The main variant of the HW 77 is the HW 77 K carbine. The K signifies ‘Kurz’ which is the German word for 'Short'. The HW 77 K weighs approximately 100 grams less than the full-length rifle, and overall length is 100mm shorter. As of December 2020, Special Edition versions are sold with a brown/green/black laminated stock.

## Marketing

Being one of the products of a joint venture between Weihrauch and the Beeman Airgun Company, the HW 77 and HW 77 K were sold in the USA as the Beeman HW 77 and HW 77 K. Following the acquisition of Beeman Airguns by SR Industries, the rifles were marketed in the USA as the Marksman 60 and Marksman 61.

## Model evolution

Since its inception in 1984, the HW 77 has been the subject of numerous minor improvements and upgrades. HW 77 models are frequently classed into three progressive 'Marks' by owners and enthusiasts; however, these classifications are not officially used by Weihrauch.

### Launch version

Released in approximately January 1984.
* Two scope-mount arrestor-pin holes in rear of receiver tube.
* Cocking lever retained by a sprung ball bearing that is part of the underlever catch block.
* Front open sight and underlever catch block are a single casting; front sight blade not removable.

### First evolution

Released in approximately October 1985.
* Three scope-mount arrestor-pin holes in rear of receiver tube.
* Cocking lever retained by a sliding catch on the underside of the underlever catch block.
* Front open sight now removable from underlever catch block.
* Anti-bear trap feature introduced.
* 26mm compression tube introduced as a running change. Serial numbers prior to 1446049 have 25mm compression tube, later models have 26mm tube.

### Second evolution

* Three scope-mount arrestor-pin holes in rear of receiver tube.
* Cocking lever retained by a push-button catch on the underlever catch block, and a ball bearing that is part of the cocking lever.
* Sporter stock redesigned with a curved 'Schnabel'-type foreend and raised rectangular cheekpiece.
# Protecting American Communities Task Force

The DHS Protecting American Communities Task Force – often abbreviated PACT and commonly referred to as the Protecting American Communities Task Force – is a departmental task force of the Department of Homeland Security. PACT is mandated to officially coordinate riot control and security police operations to protect monuments, memorials, and federal property, monitor civil unrest, protect civilians from rioting or vandalism, or respond to the destruction of federal property by protesters. PACT was formed on July 1, 2020 in the wake of the George Floyd protests under direction of Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf. The task force is also mandated to coordinate its law enforcement efforts with the United States Department of Justice and United States Department of Defense. PACT has attracted significant controversy and criticism from various media outlets for its operations and alleged goals.

## Role and controversy

The task force is officially responsible for coordinating with the Interior and Justice Departments in the deployment of law enforcement personnel to federally operated and owned properties that are believed to be under threat by rioters and vandals. PACT coordinates with the DHS’s subordinate protective security agencies including the Federal Protective Service, United States Secret Service, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Customs and Border Protection, and Transportation Security Administration.
However, the task force has encountered significant criticism due to its role in the 2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States alongside Operation Legend. The task force has been accused by various protesters of defending and protecting monuments depicting individuals with ties to racism and/or slavery. Other liberal and progressive groups and individuals accuse the task force as acting as a secret police force, arresting and confining anyone who protest peacefully against racism, police brutality, and social injustice.

## Organization and personnel

The PACT was founded at the direction of Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf to co-ordinate security policing efforts with the DHS’s subordinate protective security agencies in the deployment of Rapid Deployment Teams (RDTs).
There is no known estimate about the number of active personnel in the Rapid Deployment Teams or any information with regards to where they are deployed. However, field operations personnel for PACT are drawn from the Federal Protective Service, United States Secret Service, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Customs and Border Protection, and Transportation Security Administration.
# Poeppigia procera

Poeppigia procera is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a tree native to the tropical Americas, ranging from southern Mexico to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil, including Cuba. It grows in forest and woodland, savanna, and shrubland.
# Genauer

Genauer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Emily Genauer (1911–2002), American art critic
* Reid Genauer (born 1972), American singer, songwriter, and musician
# Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Midi

The Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Midi (kana: 三菱ふそう・エアロミディ) is a step-entrance, low entry and low floor midibus produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Fuso. It is primarily available as public buses and sightseeing buses ranged from lengths of 7.0m to 10.1m. The range can be built as either a complete bus or a bus chassis.
The Mitsubishi Fuso MK Series was built between 1974 and 1988. The Aero Midi appeared in 1988 after the replacement for the MK Series. The Aero Midi ceased production in 2007 and replaced by the Aero Midi-S in 2008. After the Aero Midi-S ceased production in 2010, production of the Aero Midi city bus recommenced in the following year. The Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Midi is the low entry and smaller version of the low floor Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star city bus.

## MK Series (1974-1988)

* MK103H (1974)
* MK115 (1976)
* K-MK116 (1979)
* P-MK116/516 (1984)
* MK MK115H
* MK K-MK116H
* MK P-MK116J

## Aero Midi (First generation, 1988-1993)

* P-MK117/126/517 (1988)
* P-MM117/517 (1988)
* P-MJ117/527 (1988)
* U-MK117/517 (1990)
* U-MJ517/527 (1990)
* U-MM117/517 (1990)
* Aero Midi P-MM117J
* Aero Midi U-MM517J
* Aero Midi P-MJ527F
* Fuso MK117JL bus chassis with 6D16 engine in Taiwan.
* Fuso MK117J in Hong Kong operated by Kowloon Motor Bus

## Aero Midi (Second generation, 1993-2007, 2011-present)

* U-MK117/218/517/525/527/595/618 (1993)
* U-MJ217/628 (1993)
* KC-MK219/619 (1995)
** KC-MK219J (One-step bus, 1998)
* KC-MJ218/629 (1995)
* KK-MK23/25/26/27 (1999)
* KK-MJ23/26 (1999)
* KK-ME17 (2002)
* PA-MK17/25/27 (2005)
* PA-MJ26 (2005)
* PA-ME17 (2005)
* SKG-MK27 (2011)
* TKG-MK27 (2012)
* MK217J in Hong Kong operated by Kowloon Motor Bus
* Aero Midi One-step KC-MK219J
* Aero Midi KC-MJ218FVF
* Aero Midi One-step KK-MK23HH
* Aero Midi PA-ME17DF
* Aero Midi Non-step PA-MK27FM

## Aero Midi-S (2008-2010)

The Aero Midi-S is a rebadged Nissan Diesel Space Runner RM and Nissan Diesel Space Runner JP. A common design is that it has a rounded roof dome (similar to the Nissan Diesel Space Runner RM and the Nissan Diesel Space Runner JP) with a double-curvature windscreen and a separately mounted destination sign.
* PDG-AR820 (2008)
* PDG-AJ820 (2008)
* Aero Midi-S AR PDG-AR820GAN
* Aero Midi-S AJ Non-Step PDG-AJ820NAN

## Model lineup

* MK Tour 9m
* MK Line Non-step bus 10.5m, 9m
* MK Line One-step bus 9m
* MJ Tour 7m
* ME Line Non-step bus 7m
# Thomas P. Christie

Thomas Philip Christie (born May 28, 1934 in Pensacola, Florida) is an American defense analyst who worked for the U.S. government.
Christie graduated from Spring Hill College with a B.S. degree in mathematics in May 1955 and from New York University with an M.S. degree in applied mathematics in September 1962.
Christie served for nine years as director of the operational evaluation division (OED) at the Institute for Defense Analyses, a federally funded research and development center. Christie was responsible for independent analyses of more than two hundred major test and evaluation programs and was also involved in weapons testing.
Christie became director of Operational Test and Evaluation in June 2001.

## Energy–maneuverability theory

Christie is often associated with John Boyd and other associates of Boyd who were critical of U.S. defense policies. While working with Boyd at Eglin AFB, Christie was deeply involved with the development of the Energy-Maneuverability theory of aerial combat. The work on this theory was not officially sanctioned and Christie and Boyd resorted to "stealing" computer time to compare the performance of U.S. and Soviet military aircraft which resulted in the publication of a two volume report in 1964. Despite the manner in which the Energy-Maneuverability theory was developed, it was accepted by the U.S. military and influenced the design of the successful F-15, F-16 and F-18 fighters.

## Awards

Over the years, Christie has received numerous awards and citations including the Presidential Rank Award of Distinguished Executive (1983); the Presidential Rank Award of Meritorious Executive (two awards - 1980 and 1987); the Department of Defense Distinguished Civilian Service Award (four awards – 1979, 1981, 1983, and 1989); and the Air Force Scientific Achievement Award (two awards – 1965 and 1970).
# Hiram, West Virginia

Hiram is an unincorporated community in Preston County, West Virginia, United States.
# Ranimustine

Ranimustine (INN, marketed under the tradename Cymerin; also known as MCNU) is a nitrosourea alkylating agent approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycythemia vera.
It has never been filed for FDA evaluation in the United States, where it is not marketed.

## Synthesis

Ranimustine is made by reacting the primary amine of a pyranose sugar (2) with o-nitrophenyl N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamate (1) to form the nitrosourea group.
# Minimum Conditions and Performance Measures

Minimum Conditions and Performance Measures, popularly known as MCPM, are criteria of evaluating the performance of the local government bodies (District Development Committees and Municipalities) while the for the Village Development Committees it is limited to Minimum Conditions (MC) only except few those where Performance Measure (PM) has been piloted. MCPM is an undertaking of the Government of Nepal's Local Bodies Fiscal Commission. Minimum Conditions Performance Measure (MCPM) is a system of measuring the performance of local bodies on the basis of certain set standards and tie up the block grants and revenue sharing with their performance result.
Every year Nepalese government conduct MCPM “Minimum Conditions and Performance Measurement” for its local bodies namely, District Development Committees (DDCs), Municipalities and Village Development Committees (VDCs) as a basis to determine the minimum criteria met by those local bodies for the next year’s budget and program allocation from the central government. Alongside the Minimum Conditions (MC), there is another part Performance Measurement (PM) – whatever the terms are they both aid LBs in gaining monetary and other support from the government if they met MC or score higher on the rank or the budget grant is deducted if any LBs fail to meet MC/PM.
MCPM results for VDCs, DDCs and Municipalities are published annually at LBFC's official website. The result analysis is available at the same web page.
# Proto

Proto or PROTO may refer to:

## Language

* Proto-, an English prefix meaning "first"

## Media

* Proto (magazine), an American science magazine
* Radio Proto in Cyprus

## Music

* Proto (Holly Herndon album), 2019
* Proto (Leo O'Kelly album), 2002
* Proto (band), a progressive rock band from Memphis, Tennessee

## Organizations

* Proto (tools), a tool company (formerly Plomb Tools), now a division of Stanley Black & Decker
* Proto Motors, a South Korean sports car manufacturer and refitter
* Proto Records, a British record company active in the 1980s; see Barry Evangeli
* Proto (paintball), a paintball equipment manufacturing company

## People

* Non-fictional
** Frank Proto, American composer and bassist
** Ludovic Proto (born 1965), French boxer
** Neil Thomas Proto (born 1945), American lawyer, teacher, lecturer, and author
** Silvio Proto, Belgian goalkeeper
** Proto (see Protus and Hyacinth), Christian martyr during the persecution of Valerian I
* Fictional
** Proto, one of the Nereids in Greek mythology
** Proto (Ghost in the Shell), a fictional character in Masamune Shirow's Ghost in the Shell anime and manga
** Proto, a more advanced prototype of the Prophetbot from the video game OneShot

## Science and technology

* Proto-, the prefix, as used in taxonomy.
* Siebe Gorman Proto, a type of rebreather breathing set
* SEAT Proto, concept cars
* PROTO (fusion reactor)
# Poeppel Corner

Poeppel Corner (known as Poeppel's Corner in Queensland) at latitude 26° S and longitude 138° E is a corner of state boundaries in Australia, where the state of Queensland meets South Australia and the Northern Territory.

## Geography

Poeppel Corner is about 174 km west of Birdsville, in the middle of the Simpson Desert.
New Year's Eve occurs three times each year at thirty minute intervals in Poeppel Corner (also in Cameron Corner and Surveyor Generals Corner), because it is at the intersection of three time zones.

## History

Augustus Poeppel, after whom the point is named, conducted a survey in the mid-1880s to find the exact location of the central Australian colonial borders. His team used camels to drag a coolibah post to mark the intersection. Originally the point was located in a salt lake, but it was found that the measuring chain used was a few centimetres too long. Another survey was conducted by Lawrence Wells, who relocated the post to its current position.

## Tourism

As with the other three corners it is a destination for four-wheel-drive tourists.

## Heritage listing

The Poeppel Corner Survey Marker is a heritage-listed site, having been added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 2012.
Corners in Australia :
| Name | Surveyor Generals | Poeppel | Haddon | Cameron | MacCabe |
| States | WA/NT/SA | NT/SA/Qld | SA/Qld | SA/Qld/NSW | SA/Vic/NSW |