OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Farmer's loop

The farmer's loop is a knot which forms a fixed loop. As a midline loop knot made with a bight, it is related to several other similar knots, including the alpine butterfly knot and artillery loop.
If pulled with one hand holding one end, the other hand holding the start side of the loop that is the continuation of the same end, before tightening the knot of the loop, it may capsize to a slip knot with a complicated and heavy knot.
It is tied on one hand to make a loop about twice the size of that hand (use fingers for a smaller one, thumb-hook-to-elbow for a large one), as follows:
* start with the rope 3 times around the palm of one hand, let the ends hang down,
* then pull the initial middle turn up from the top edge and place it over to the right (of the right loops top edge)
* then pull the now new middle turn up from the top edge and place it over to the left
* then pull the now new middle turn up from the top edge and place it over to the right
* then pull the now new middle turn up to form the loop, dress and tighten before use
   The knot is a good one on all three counts—lead, security, and strength. Moreover, the method of tying is both ingenious and distinctive, and once mastered, it is not apt to be forgotten.
   To tie: Take three turns around the left arm or hand, according to the size of the material being used. Move the center turn to the outside three times, as indicated by the arrows, first right, then left, and finally right again. Finally, pull out (extend) the center turn, and the knot is ready for use.

## History

Cornell University professor Howard W. Riley published this knot in an agricultural extension pamphlet devoted to farming knots in 1912. He was shown the knot by a farmer at the 1910 Genesee County Fair in Bativia, New York. Riley noted that he had never seen the knot described in any reference book.
# Histone fold

The histone fold is a structural motif located near the C-terminus of histone proteins, characterized by three alpha helices separated by two loops. This motif facilitates the formation of heterodimers, which subsequently assemble into a histone octamer, playing a crucial role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes within chromatin. This fold is an ancient and highly conserved structural motif, essential for DNA compaction and regulation across a wide range of species.

## Discovery

The histone fold motif was first discovered in TATA box-binding protein-associated factors, which play a key role in transcription.

## Structure

The histone fold is typically around 70 amino acids long and is characterized by three alpha helices connected by two short, unstructured loops. In the absence of DNA, core histones assemble into head-to-tail intermediates. For instance, H3 and H4 first form heterodimers, which then combine to form a tetramer. Similarly, H2A and H2B form heterodimers. These interactions occur through hydrophobic "handshake" interactions between histone fold domains.
Histones H4 and H2A can form internucleosomal contacts that, when acetylated, enable ionic interactions between peptides. These interactions can alter the surrounding internucleosomal contacts, leading to chromatin opening and increased accessibility for transcription.

## Function

The histone fold plays a crucial role in nucleosome formation by mediating interactions between histones. The largest interface surfaces are found in the heterotypic dimer interactions of H3-H4 and H2A-H2B. These interactions are primarily mediated by the "handshake" motif between histone fold domains. Additionally, the H2A structure has a unique loop modification at its interface, contributing to its distinct role in transcriptional activation.

## Evolution

The histone fold is thought to have evolved from ancestral peptide sets that formed helix-strand-helix motifs. These peptides are believed to have originated from ancient fragments, which may be precursors to the modern H3-H4 tetramer found in eukaryotes. Notably, archaeal single-chain histones, similar to eukaryotic histones, are found in the bacterium Aquifex aeolicus, suggesting a shared ancestry between eukaryotes and archaea, with possible lateral gene transfers to bacteria.
Studies on species like Drosophila have revealed variations in the histone fold motif, particularly in the subunits of transcription initiation factors. These proteins contain histone-like structures, which show that the histone fold motif can also be found in non-histone proteins involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions.
# San Vicente District, Santo Domingo

San Vicente is a district of the Santo Domingo canton, in the Heredia province of Costa Rica.

## Geography

San Vicente has an area of 2.91 km² and an elevation of 1,180 metres.

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, San Vicente had a population of 6,427 inhabitants.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The district is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 5
# Palestinian Intifada

The Palestinian Intifada may refer to:
* The First Palestinian Intifada began in 1987. Violence declined in 1991 and came to an end with the signing of the Oslo accords (August 1993) and the creation of the Palestinian National Authority
* The Second Palestinian Intifada (also known as the al-Aqsa Intifada) was a violent uprising against the Israeli government that began in September 2000. The uprising ended on 8 February 2005
# Han Ki-woong

Han Ki-woong is a South Korean actor. He is known for his roles in dramas such as Love to the End, Mother of Mine, Apgujeong Midnight Sun and The Second Husband.

## Filmography
### Television series

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2012 | Light and Shadow | Gi-woong |
| 2013 | I Can Hear Your Voice | Jeong Pil-seung |
| 2013 | Jin Jin | Lee Ji-hoon |
| 2013-17 | Ugly Miss Young-ae | Han Ki-woong |
| 2014 | Apgujeong Midnight Sun | Kang-ho |
| 2015 | Alchemist | Seo Jun-oh |
| 2016 | The Royal Gambler | Sa-woon |
| 2017 | Queen of Mystery | Cha Min-woo / No Doo-gil |
| 2017 | Innocent Defendant | Cha Min-ho (young) |
| 2018 | Love to the End | Park Jae-dong |
| 2018 | Man in the Kitchen | Hee-cheol |
| 2019 | Mother of Mine | Peter Park |
| 2019 | Melting Me Softly | Lee Jung-woo |
| 2020 | Team Bulldog: Off-Duty Investigation | Kim Min-seok |
| 2021 | The Second Husband | Moon Sang-hyuk |
| 2023 | Woman in a Veil | Nam Yoo-jin |

## Awards and nominations

Name of the award ceremony, year presented, category, nominee of the award, and the result of the nomination :
| Award ceremony | Year | Category | Nominee / Work | Result | Ref. |
| KBS Drama Awards | 2023 | Excellence Award, Actor in a Daily Drama | Woman in a Veil | Nominated | |
# Sal Giorgianni

Sal Giorgianni is an American saxophone player.
He was born in Upstate New York. Giorgianni was a member of the Ellenville High School Jazz Ensemble which, among other things, performed at the 1982 Montreux Jazz Festivalwith jazz director Brian Shaw. He returned again to Montreux to appear on the cd Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux. Sal was one of the saxophone players of Big Bop Nouveau with Maynard Ferguson on the cd Brass Attitude. Giorganni has released three albums as a solo artist on Windhouse Records: "Sango", "Blue 'N' Boogie", and "Angel Eyes".
# Józef Kut

Józef Kut (1905–1942) was a Polish and Roman Catholic priest. He died in a Nazi concentration camp. He is one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II who were beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1999.
# Michael Glover (historian)

Michael Glover (1922–1990) served in the British army during the Second World War, after which he joined the British Council and became a professional author. He has written many articles and books on Napoleonic and Victorian warfare.

## Published works

Glover has written the following published works:
* Britannia Sickens: Sir Arthur Wellesley and the Convention of Cintra, London: Leo Cooper, 1970.
* Legacy of Glory. The Bonaparte Kingdom of Spain, 1808-1813, London: Leo Cooper, 1972.
* Wellington as Military Commander, London: Sphere Books, 1973.
* The Peninsular War, 1807-1814: A Concise Military History, London: David & Charles; Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1974.
* Rorke's Drift: A Victorian Epic, London: Cooper, 1975.
* General Burgoyne in Canada and America: Scapegoat for a System, London: Gordon & Cremonesi; [New York: Atheneum Publishers], 1976.
* A Very Slippery Fellow: The Life of Sir Robert Wilson 1777-1849, Oxford: OUP, 1978.
* The Napoleonic Wars: An Illustrated History, 1792-1815, London: Batsford, 1979.
* Warfare in the Age of Bonaparte, London: Cassell, c. 1980.
* The Fight for the Channel Ports: Calais to Brest 1940: A Study in Confusion, London: Leo Cooper, 1985.
Glover contributed additional text to the following published work:
* Pericoli, Ugo, 1815 - The Armies at Waterloo, additional text by Michael Glover; translations from the Italian by A. S. W. Winkworth; introduction by Elizabeth Longford, London: Seeley, 1973.
# Farmer, Missouri

Farmer is an unincorporated community in Pike County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

Farmer was platted in 1885, and taking its name from Moses Allen Farmer, an early settler. A post office called Farmer was established in 1883, and remained in operation until 1906.
# Saaristo

Saaristo is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anneli Saaristo (born 1949), Finnish singer and actress
* Julius Saaristo (1891–1969), Finnish track athlete
* Michael Saaristo (1938–2008), Finnish arachnologist
# Needwood Baptist Church and School

Needwood Baptist Church and School are historic buildings (a church and a school) north of Brunswick, Georgia, along US 17. The oldest parts of the church date to the 1870s. The towers were added circa 1885 and contain a bell dated 1884. Thirty original pews and other original furnishings remain. The church is of no particular style, but is similar to many rural African-American churches. The school has one room and is of similar age and construction as the church. The school was used for African-American students until the 1960s. The church and school were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

## Gallery

* Church
* Historical marker
* Schoolhouse
# Medical Association of Jamaica

The Medical Association of Jamaica evolved from the British Medical Association Jamaica Branch which was constituted as the first overseas branch of the British Medical Association in 1877. It has over 2000 members, including students.
The Association celebrated its Golden Jubilee as an independent organisation in June 2015.
# Hugh IV, Count of Rethel

Hugh IV, Count of Rethel (1244–1285) was a son of Manasses V and his wife, Isabelle of Écry. In 1272, he succeeded his father as Count of Rethel.
Hugues IV was married to:
* Agnes of Chiny
* Marie of Enghien
* Isabelle of Grandpré
With Isabelle, he had a daughter, Jeanne, Countess of Rethel, who succeeded him. In 1290, Jeanne married Louis I, Count of Flanders.
# Palazzo Falier

Palazzo Falier is a civil building located in Venice, Italy in the Cannaregio district. The palazzo is particularly known for having been the home of Marin Falier, Doge of the Republic of Venice, who was executed for attempting a coup d'état.

## History

The palace is one of the oldest existing buildings in Venice. Erected in a primitive form during the 11th century, the palace was destroyed by fire and rebuilt in 1105. Later, the structure was a subject of numerous alterations, which partially changed its structure. Currently, the first floor is home to a hotel business.

## Architecture

The palazzo stands on a characteristic arcade of six arches, parallel to Rio dei Santi Apostoli and monumentally overlooks the adjacent campo. The façade is an example of the Byzantine influence on Venetian architecture and presents very ancient elements, among which the two raised, loosely stacked corbels. The decorations date back to the 13th and 15th centuries: two panels, two paterae and two Gothic shields. The two noble floors have quadriforas. Initially they were pentaforas, but the leftmost arches have been bricked up.

## Gallery

* Facade details
* Facade details
* Ground floor
* Quadrifora
* Ground floor
* Panels on the facade
# Callidula propinqua

Callidula propinqua is a moth in the family Callidulidae. It is found on Sulawesi.
# Horisme vitalbata

Horisme vitalbata, the small waved umber, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It occurs in Europe.
The wingspan is 30–35 mm. The length of the forewings is 15–17 mm. The moths fly in two generations from May to June and again in August.
The larvae feed on Clematis vitalba.
# Anna Kassautzki

Anna Katharina Kassautzki (born 25 December 1993) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been a member of the German Bundestag since 2021, representing the Vorpommern-Rügen – Vorpommern-Greifswald I constituency.

## Political career

Kassautzki joined the SPD in 2014.
In the 2021 German federal election, Kassautzki won the Vorpommern-Rügen – Vorpommern-Greifswald I constituency in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. This was significant as it was the seat that the former Chancellor, Angela Merkel, had held for the Christian Democrats for the previous 30 years, before Kassautzki was born. In parliament, she has since been on the Committee on Digitization and the Committee on Agriculture.
Within her parliamentary group, Kassautzki belongs to the Parliamentary Left, a left-wing movement.

## Other activities

* Foundation for Data Protection, Member of the advisory board (since 2022)
* Magnus Hirschfeld Foundation, Alternate Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2022)
* Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway (BNetzA), Alternate Member of the advisory board (since 2022)
* German United Services Trade Union (ver.di), member (since 2016)
* Willy Brandt Center Jerusalem, Member
# Fassler

Fassler or Fässler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Marcel Fässler (racing driver) (born 1976), Swiss racing driver
* Marcel Fässler (bobsleigh) (born 1959), Swiss bobsledder
* Margot Fassler American music historian
# Édouard Woolley

Édouard Joseph Woolley (31 March 1916 – 22 December 1991) was a Canadian tenor, actor, composer, and music educator of Haitian birth. He became a naturalized Canadian citizen in 1958. His compositional output includes masses for three voices and for four voices, a few songs, and some instrumental pieces. The section "Mazoumbel" from his suite for violin and piano Sous les palmiers (c. 1958) was performed in a concert of Haitian music in Montreal in 1979.

## Life and career

Born in Port-au-Prince, Woolley began his studies in his native city with Carmen Brouard (piano and harmony), Élisabeth de Pesquidoux-Mahy (singing), Werner Jaegerhuber (German opera/lieder), Raoul Nargys (acting), and Henriette Perret-Duplessis (singing). After working for a few years as a choirmaster at a church in Port-au-Prince, he moved to Montreal in 1938 at the age of 22 where he studied singing with Salvator Issaurel from the time of his arrival through 1944. He then entered the Conservatoire national de musique where he earned a Doctor of Music in 1947 after writing his thesis "La phonétique appliquée à l'art du chant". At the conservatoire he was an organ student of Eugène Lapierre and a piano pupil of Edmond Trudel.
In 1942 Woolley made his professional opera debut as Antonin in Reynaldo Hahn's Ciboulette at Les Variétés lyriques (LVL) in Montreal. That same year he began operating his own private voice studio which he ran for several decades. Among his notable students were Joseph Rouleau and André Turp. He was a principal artist at the LVL through 1947, spending five seasons performing leading roles in works like François Bazin's Le voyage en Chine and Oscar Straus's Drei Walzer. During the 1940s through the 1960s he performed as a singer and actor on a variety of CBC Radio and CBC Television programs and appeared in supporting roles on the dramatic stage and in Canadian films.
In 1948 Woolley founded the Opéra national du Québec, serving as the company's first artistic director through 1952. From 1967 until his retirement in 1981 he taught art history at the Cégep du Vieux Montréal. He served as the director of the Conservatoire national de musique from 1971 to 1975. He died in Miami in 1991 at the age of 75.
# Sanborn, Wisconsin

Sanborn is a town in Ashland County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 1,331 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated communities of Bayfront, Birch, Birch Hill, Diaperville, Franks Field, New Odanah, Odanah, and Sedgwick are located in the town. Long Island, one of the Apostle Islands, is also a part of the town. The entire town is part of the Bad River Reservation of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians.

## History

The town was created on March 23, 1899, and supposedly named after Senator Albert W. Sanborn, a member of the Wisconsin State Senate, who held a large area of land in the vicinity.

## Geography

Sanborn is located in northern Ashland County, along the shore of Lake Superior. It is bordered by the city of Ashland and the town of Gingles to the west, by the town of White River to the west and the south, and by the towns of Ashland and Morse to the south. To the east are the towns of Gurney and Saxon in Iron County. The town of La Pointe occupies the Apostle Islands in Lake Superior, to the north.
The Bad River flows south to north through the town, entering Lake Superior northeast of the community of Odanah. U.S. Route 2 crosses the town, leading west to downtown Ashland and east to Ironwood, Michigan.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 161.0 square miles (416.9 km$^2$), of which 157.1 square miles (406.9 km$^2$) is land and 3.9 square miles (10.0 km$^2$), or 2.40%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,272 people, 428 households, and 321 families residing in the town. The population density was 8.1 people per square mile (3.1/km$^2$). There were 531 housing units at an average density of 3.4 per square mile (1.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 12.97% White, 84.51% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 2.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.22% of the population.
There were 428 households, out of which 43.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.5% were married couples living together, 30.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.39.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 38.8% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $26,711, and the median income for a family was $27,625. Males had a median income of $25,150 versus $20,272 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,664. About 23.7% of families and 27.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.8% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.
46°32′29″N 90°40′19″W﻿ / ﻿46.54139°N 90.67194°W﻿ / 46.54139; -90.67194
# Family First

Family First may refer to:
* Family First (film), also known as Chien de garde, a 2018 Canadian crime film
* Family First Party, a historical Australian political party
* Family First Party (2021), another Australian political party unrelated to the former party of the same name
* Family First New Zealand, a New Zealand lobby group
* Families First, a charity organization in the United States
* Families First, a name used in some parts of the UK for the Troubled Families programme
* Family First, a former name of the Nebraska Family Alliance
* Family First Incorporation, (often abbreviated as F1i) is an American record label and film production company founded by Devarus "LookImHD" McKinney in March 2017.
# Caloreas occidentella

Caloreas occidentella is a moth in the family Choreutidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1900. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta and California.
# Sainte-Honorine-la-Guillaume

Sainte-Honorine-la-Guillaume is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.

## Geography

The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, La Fégrinière, Le Degré,La Thiboudière, La Guilminière, La Joasiére,La Dandière, La Héroudière, L'Être aux Roux,La Basserie, La Boscherie, La Briconnière,La Séramberie, L'Épierrière,L'Être Bisson and Sainte-Honorine-la-Guillaume.
The commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
vteNeighbouring communes :
Putanges-le-Lac
Athis-Val-de-Rouvre
Sainte-Honorine-la-Guillaume
Putanges-le-Lac
Craménil :
There are 5 watercourses that run through the commune, The river Rouvre plus 4 streams, Guesnerie, Onfrairies, Vallees and the Maufy.

## History

* 1620: Georges Pierre is the vicar of this parish.
* 1622: Jean Le Corsonnois is curate and François Guérin "parish priest".
* 1622: "Mr Guillaume Lesage, squire, gentleman of la Bocherie and of the Rocher de Sainte-Honorine(la Guillaume)". His son is Jacques Lesage.

## Administration

Serge Clérembaux was mayor between 1971 and 2020. Pierre Madeline was elected mayor in 2020.

## Notable buildings and places

* Forest of Sainte-Honorine-La-Guillaume a public forest that is managed by National Forests Office of France.
* Sainte Honorine la Guillaume, La Joasière, 1930, Georges Baudy, restoration
* Sainte Honorine la Guillaume, La Joasière, 1930, Georges Baudy, restoration
* Sainte Honorine la Guillaume, La Joasière, 1930, Georges Baudy, restoration

## People linked with the commune

* Petrus Guérin du Rocher (1731–1792), a Jesuit priest, who was beatified by Pope Pius XI in October 1926.
* Hans-Joachim Klein, (1947 - 2022) a former German terrorist, who belonged to the Vienna commando in December 1975, was arrested at Sainte-Honorine in September 1998 where he had lived for several years. He was sentenced to nine years' imprisonment in Germany in January 2001 for the murder of an Iraqi security agent in 1975. He later benefitted from a pardon and returned to Sainte-Honorine-le-Guillaume. After his death he was buried here.