OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Random subspace method

In machine learning the random subspace method, also called attribute bagging or feature bagging, is an ensemble learning method that attempts to reduce the correlation between estimators in an ensemble by training them on random samples of features instead of the entire feature set.

## Motivation

In ensemble learning one tries to combine the models produced by several learners into an ensemble that performs better than the original learners. One way of combining learners is bootstrap aggregating or bagging, which shows each learner a randomly sampled subset of the training points so that the learners will produce different models that can be sensibly averaged. In bagging, one samples training points with replacement from the full training set.
The random subspace method is similar to bagging except that the features ("attributes", "predictors", "independent variables") are randomly sampled, with replacement, for each learner. Informally, this causes individual learners to not over-focus on features that appear highly predictive/descriptive in the training set, but fail to be as predictive for points outside that set. For this reason, random subspaces are an attractive choice for high-dimensional problems where the number of features is much larger than the number of training points, such as learning from fMRI data or gene expression data.
The random subspace method has been used for decision trees; when combined with "ordinary" bagging of decision trees, the resulting models are called random forests. It has also been applied to linear classifiers, support vector machines, nearest neighbours and other types of classifiers. This method is also applicable to one-class classifiers. The random subspace method has also been applied to the portfolio selection problem showing its superiority to the conventional resampled portfolio essentially based on Bagging.
To tackle high-dimensional sparse problems, a framework named Random Subspace Ensemble (RaSE) was developed. RaSE combines weak learners trained in random subspaces with a two-layer structure and iterative process. RaSE has been shown to enjoy appealing theoretical properties and practical performance.

## Algorithm

An ensemble of models employing the random subspace method can be constructed using the following algorithm:
* Let the number of training points be N and the number of features in the training data be D.
* Let L be the number of individual models in the ensemble.
* For each individual model l, choose n$_l$ (n$_l$ < N) to be the number of input points for l. It is common to have only one value of n$_l$ for all the individual models.
* For each individual model l, create a training set by choosing d$_l$ features from D with replacement and train the model.
Now, to apply the ensemble model to an unseen point, combine the outputs of the L individual models by majority voting or by combining the posterior probabilities.

## Footnotes

* ↑ If each learner follows the same, deterministic, algorithm, the models produced are necessarily all the same.
# Heritage Polytechnic

Heritage Polytechnic, Eket, Akwa Ibom state, is a privately owned polytechnic institute located in Ikot Udota, Eket local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

## Background

The institution founded by Emmanuel J. Ekott who is a Chemical Engineer took off in 1996 as Christian Continuing Education Centre. By 1999, it metamorphosed to Christian Institute of Continuing Education. In 2000, the institution became known as Heritage College and it was licensed by the National Board for Technical Education as a Polytechnic in 2010.

## Courses

The institution has four Faculties and runs their programmes under these departments;
Faculty of Engineering
* Department of Computer Engineering
* Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Environmental Studies
* Department of Estate Management
* Department of Quantity Surveying
* Department of Building Technology
Faculty of Management Sciences
* Department of Mass Communication
* Department of Business Administration and Management
* Department of Accountancy
* Department of Marketing
* Department of Public Administration
* Department of Theology
Faculty of Science and Technology
* Department of Computer Science
* Department of Science Laboratory Technology
* Department of Statistics
* Department of Biochemistry
* Department of Environmental Biology
* Department of Microbiology
* Department of Physics and Electronics
# Hathor 21

Hathor 20 – Coptic calendar – Hathor 22
The twenty-first day of the Coptic month of Hathor, the third month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to November 17, of the Julian calendar, and November 30, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

## Commemorations
### Feasts

* Monthly commemoration of the Virgin Mary, the Theotokos

### Saints

* The martyrdom of Saint Alphaeus, Saint Zacchaeus, Saint Romanos, and Saint John
* The martyrdom of Saint Thomas, Saint Victor, and Saint Isaac of Al-Ashmunin
* The departure of Pope Cosma II, the fifty-fourth Patriarch of the See of Saint Mark
* The departure of Saint Gregory the Wonderworker
* The departure of Saint John El-Tabyese in Assiut Mountain

### Other commemorations

* The relocation of the Body of Saint John Kama to the Monastery of the Syrians
# Oregon slender salamander

The Oregon slender salamander (Batrachoseps wrighti) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae from the Northwestern United States.

## Distribution

The Oregon slender salamander is endemic to north-central Oregon, found particularly on the western slopes of the Cascade Range but also in some sites on the eastern slopes.

## Conservation

The Oregon slender salamander is threatened by habitat loss and classified as IUCN Red List Near threatened. It is federally listed as a Species of Concern. The state of Oregon has listed it as sensitive in the Oregon Conservation Strategy.

## Habitat

The species' natural habitats are temperate forests of moist Douglas fir, maple, and red cedar woodlands in Oregon, to 910 metres (3,000 ft). They are typically found in old growth habitat, associated with late-successional Douglas fir forests. However they have been found in earlier succession forest with larger logs and much downed woody debris. They are found in large diameter decayed logs. They prefer habitats that have a closed canopy. The species has also been found in a suburban landscape.

## Description

They have a long thin body and grow to 61 mm (2.4 in) in snout–vent length and 120 mm (4.7 in) in total length, though most individuals are smaller. They have four toes on the hind feet.
Clutch size is 3–11 and the eggs are 4 mm in diameter.

## Behaviour

When found this species will coil its body up and remain motionless.
# Worm snake

Worm snake is the common name sometimes given to several species of snakes:
* Carphophis
* Typhlina, a taxonomic synonym, including:
** Ramphotyphlops
** Leptotyphlops
* Typhlops, a genus of blind snakes in the family Typhlopidae
# Noida Sector 147 metro station

The Noida Sector 147 is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the Aqua Line of Noida Metro in the city of Noida, Uttar Pradesh. It was opened on 25 January 2019.

## Station layout

Noida Sector 147 track layout :
Legend :
Station with two tracks and two side platforms :
| G | Street level | Exit/Entrance |
| L1 | Mezzanine | Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover |
| L2 | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | Side platform | Doors will open on the left |
| L2 | Platform 2 Southbound | Towards → Depot Next Station: Noida Sector 148 |
| L2 | Platform 1 Northbound | Towards ← Noida Sector 51 Next Station: Noida Sector 146 |
| Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| L2 | | |
# Rubell

Rubell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jennifer Rubell (born 1970), American conceptual artist
* Paul Rubell (born 1952), American film editor
* Steve Rubell (1943–1989), American entrepreneur
# John Sands

John Sands may refer to:
* John Sands (printer) (1818–1873)
** John Sands (company), founded by the above
* John Sands (journalist) (1826–1900)
* John Sands (footballer) (1859–1924)
# Boone–Murphy House

The Boone–Murphy House (also known as the Boone–Murphy–Moore House) is a historic house located in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

## Description

It is a single-story, single-pile, wood-framed structure, with a front gable roof and weatherboard siding. Shed-roof additions extend to either side, and there is bargeboard trim on the gables.

## History

The house was built c. 1860 by Thomas A. Boone and was originally located at 702 W. Second Avenue.
Following the evacuation of Little Rock by Confederate forces on September 10, 1863, the citizens of Pine Bluff asked that a Union garrison be stationed there for their protection. Union Army Major-General Frederick Steele sent the 5th Kansas Cavalry and 1st Indiana Cavalry to Pine Bluff to establish a garrison. Colonel Powell Clayton established his headquarters and home in the Boone-Murphy house. in 1863. In October 1863 a band of Confederate spies raided Clayton's headquarters. They were able to secure intelligence on Union army activities but failed to capture Clayton.
During Reconstruction, Clayton mortgaged the house to Robert S. Thompson and William H. Dupuy, and when the loan was not paid the house was sold to John P. Murphy. The Murphy's lived in the house until 1892. Following John Murphy's death, his widow remarried Charles F. Moore.
The Boone–Murphy House has been restored to a 1920s appearance and is owned and operated by the Heckatoo Heritage Foundation. In 2014, the house was used by a Pine Bluff Community Watch program. In 1977, the home was relocated to West 4th Avenue to ensure that it would be located in a historic district.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 18, 1979.
# Booneville School District

Booneville School District may refer to:
* Booneville School District (Arkansas), based in Booneville, Arkansas.
* Booneville School District (Mississippi), based in Booneville, Mississippi.
# Gmina Bytoń

Gmina Bytoń is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Bytoń, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Radziejów and 52 km (32 mi) south of Toruń.
The gmina covers an area of 73.35 square kilometres (28.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,790.

## Villages

Gmina Bytoń contains the villages and settlements of Borowo, Budzisław, Bytoń, Czarnocice, Dąbrówka, Litychowo, Ludwikowo, Morzyce, Nasiłowo, Niegibalice, Nowy Dwór, Pścinek, Pścinno, Stefanowo, Stróżewo, Świesz, Wandynowo and Witowo.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Bytoń is bordered by the gminas of Osięciny, Piotrków Kujawski, Radziejów and Topólka.
# Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka

Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Bystrzyca Kłodzka, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of Kłodzko, and 96 kilometres (60 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.
The gmina covers an area of 337.82 square kilometres (130.4 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 18,925.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka is bordered by the town of Polanica-Zdrój and the gminas of Kłodzko, Lądek-Zdrój, Międzylesie, Stronie Śląskie and Szczytna. It also borders the Czech Republic.

## Villages

Apart from the town of Bystrzyca Kłodzka, the gmina contains the villages of Długopole Dolne, Długopole-Zdrój, Gorzanów, Huta, Idzików, Kamienna, Lasówka, Marcinków, Marianówka, Międzygórze, Mielnik, Młoty, Mostowice, Nowa Bystrzyca, Nowa Łomnica, Nowy Waliszów, Paszków, Piotrowice, Pławnica, Pokrzywno, Poniatów, Ponikwa, Poręba, Rudawa, Spalona, Stara Bystrzyca, Stara Łomnica, Starkówek, Stary Waliszów, Szczawina, Szklarka, Szklary, Topolice, Wilkanów, Wójtowice, Wyszki, Zabłocie and Zalesie.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka is twinned with:
* Amberg, Germany
* Kaźmierz, Poland
* Massa Martana, Italy
* Orlické Záhoří, Czech Republic
* Ústí nad Orlicí, Czech Republic
* Zdobnice, Czech Republic
# Going Out for a Walk

"Going Out for a Walk", is an essay by Max Beerbohm, written in 1918 and published in 1920 in the essay collection And Even Now. The essay challenges the idea that taking a walk is solely a matter of the brain needing release, and it becomes more conflicted when there is a talkative companion.

## Summary

The main theme of the essay is the challenge of the common notion that taking a walk is a productive activity useful for the brain. Beerbohm, on the contrary, makes the case that taking a walk prevents the mind from intelligent thought. Beerbohm's reasoning is that while walking, you almost lose a part of your train of thought, as you are unconsciously thinking about walking. Beerbohm notes that in London the loud noises of the city save him from needing to make up excuses when someone asks him out for a walk, but the solace of the country can cause a "walk monger" to insist on talking a walk.
Not having an excuse to not take a walk causes Beerbohm to be taken from the comfort of a reading chair, which is a disruption that he finds unproductive. He claims that even the most intelligent writers lose their train of thought as soon as they start walking, and conversations eventually lead to dull topics and gossip. Beerbohm concludes the essay by claiming that he does not believe that physical exercise is bad for you ("taken moderately, it is rather good for one, physically"), but condemns taking walks that lack reason, and expresses his preference for other forms of transportation.
# Bonsai Superstar

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Kerrang! | |
| MusicHound Rock | |
| Trouser Press | (favourable) |
Bonsai Superstar is the second album from the band Brainiac released on November 21, 1994. It is the first album on which guitarist John Schmersal appears, who remained as the band's lead guitarist until their break-up in 1997.
Originally released through Grass Records on LP and CD formats, the album is now out-of-print. Currently, the album's copyright is owned by The Bicycle Music Company after Grass Records merged with Wind-Up Records and subsequently sold the copyrights to the band's music.

## Background and recording

The album was recorded in Brooklyn, New York with engineering and production duties done by Girls Against Boys bassist Eli Janney. The album was edited at Ward Joe, New York City and was mixed in Brooklyn. Larry Nicki mastered the album in Ardent, Memphis, Tennessee. The track "Meathook Manicure" was specifically recorded in the basement of one of the band member's house. To record the vocals, a cheap bullet microphone was used, which experienced a short out during the recording, resulting in some added feedback noise in the final recording.
The track "You Wrecked My Hair" was the first song by the group to feature contributions by Schmersal. The voice samples on "Fucking With the Altimiter" was taken from a record Taylor found at a store Knoxville, Tennessee. The vocals for the chorus on "Fucking With the Altimiter" were performed in front of a fan, giving them a type of stutter effect.

## Reception

While the album received little critical attention since its initial release in 1994, the attention it did end up receiving was very positive. Today Bonsai Superstar is considered as one of the best recordings by the band. In Brain Egan's review for the All Music Guide, he rewarded the album four out of five stars, stating that the album "captures a band that was ahead of their time and still moving forward". Tim Krug (of Oh Condor) referred to the recording as his favorite album of all time; he would later join Brainiac for a series of reunion shows in 2023. Pitchfork Media ranked this album #57 in their Top 100 albums of the 1990s feature.

## Personnel
### Brainiac

* Tim Taylor (credited as timmytaylor) - vocals
* John Schmersal (credited as Little Greenie) - guitar
* Juan Monasterio (credited as Monostereo and B Chango) - bass
* Tyler Trent (credited as Claire Quilty) - drums

### Production

* Eli Janney - production, engineering, navigation
* Larry Nicki - mastering
* The Puddles - photography
# Gokushovirinae

Gokushovirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Microviridae. There are 8 species in this subfamily, divided among 4 genera.

## Species and genera

The following species and genera are assigned to the family:
* Genus: Bdellomicrovirus
** Bdellovibrio virus MAC1
** Bdellovibrio virus MH2K
* Genus: Chlamydiamicrovirus
** Chlamydia virus Chp1
** Chlamydia virus Chp2
** Chlamydia virus CPAR39
** Chlamydia virus CPG1
* Genus: Enterogokushovirus
** Enterogokushovirus EC6098
* Genus: Spiromicrovirus
** Spiroplasma virus SpV4
# Bordlands

Bordlands is a village in the Parish of Newlands in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. The former name of Bordlands was Boreland.
# Boothgarh

Boothgarh is a medium-size village located in Khanna Tehsil of Ludhiana district in Punjab, India with a total of 254 families residing. The Boothgarh village has a population of 1190 of which 616 are males while 574 are females as per Population Census 2011.
In Boothgarh village population of children with age 0-6 is 120 which makes up 10.08% of the total population of the village. Average Sex Ratio of Boothgarh village is 932 which is higher than Punjab state average of 895. Child Sex Ratio for the Boothgarh as per census is 818, lower than Punjab average of 846.
Boothgarh village has a higher literacy rate compared to Punjab. In 2011, literacy rate of Boothgarh village was 80.19% compared to 75.84% of Punjab. In Boothgarh Male literacy stands at 86.73% while the female literacy rate was 73.27%.
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Boothgarh village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of the village. There is also a primary school in this village.
* This article about a location in the Indian state of Punjab is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Boothferry Park Halt railway station

Boothferry Park Halt railway station opened on 6 January 1951 on an embankment of the former Hull and Barnsley Railway to serve the Boothferry Park football stadium which had opened in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire in August 1946.
The station was first used for a match against Everton when six trains ran the football service between Hull Paragon and Boothferry Park. The station closed in 1986 for safety reasons.
The station was a single platform, 200 yards (180 m) long. It was removed in October 2007 by Network Rail during engineering work.
Boothferry Park Halt railway station was one of several in England built to provide a dedicated match-day service to a football ground; others included Manchester United Football Ground, Watford Stadium Halt, Ramsline Halt in Derby, and the first Wembley Stadium station.
# Boothgarh (Ludhiana East)

Boothgarh is a village located in the Ludhiana East tehsil, of Ludhiana district, Punjab.

## Administration

The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).
| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 563 | | |
| Population | 3263 | 1728 | 1535 |
# Bonnal, Doubs

Bonnal (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Boram (disambiguation)

Boram redirects to Jeon Boram.
It also refers to
* Boram block - a community development block in Jharkhand, India
* Boram, Purvi Singhbhum - a village in Jharkhand, India
# Bosnak

Bosnak (Turkish-language variant: Boşnak) is an ethnonymic surname literally meaning "Bosnian person". Notable people with the surname include:
* Kaan Boşnak
* Karyn Bosnak
* Metin Boşnak
* Robert Bosnak
# Gofasia josephinae

Gofasia josephinae is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
# Border Shootout

Border Shootout (also known as Law at Randado) is a 1990 Western film starring Glenn Ford as Sheriff John Danaher, who returns to a town to enforce justice.

## Cast

* Glenn Ford as Sheriff John Danaher
* Michael Ansara as Chuluha
* Michael Forest as Earl Beaudry
* Russell Todd as Clay Jordan
* Michael Horse as Dandy Jim
* Cody Glenn as Kirby Frye
* Charlene Tilton as Edith Hanasain
# Bordertown Trail

Bordertown Trail is a 1944 American Western film directed by Lesley Selander and written by Robert Creighton Williams and Jesse Duffy. The film stars Smiley Burnette, Sunset Carson, Weldon Heyburn, Addison Richards, Francis McDonald and Jack Luden. The film was released on August 11, 1944, by Republic Pictures.

## Cast

* Smiley Burnette as Frog Millhouse
* Sunset Carson as Sunset Carson
* Weldon Heyburn as New Orleans
* Addison Richards as Fontaine
* Francis McDonald as Matthews
* Jack Luden as Lieutenant Victor Carson
* Ellen Lowe as Abigail
* Rex Lease as Sergeant Jenkins
* John James as Tom
* Jack Kirk as Henchman Hank
* Henry Wills as Henchman
* Cliff Parkinson as Henchman
# Goma (disambiguation)

Goma is a city in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Goma or GOMA may also refer to:

## Places
### Democratic Republic of Congo

* University of Goma, a public university
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Goma, a diocese in the Ecclesiastical province of Bukavu
* Goma International Airport, an airport serving Goma
* Goma (commune), a commune of the city of Goma in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo

### Elsewhere

* Guma, Pishan County, also spelled as Goma, a town in Xinjiang, China
* Goma Station, a railway station in Nantan, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan

## People

* Goma people, an ethnic group in Kigoma region

### Surname

* Alain Goma (born 1972), French footballer
* Guy Goma (born 1969), accidental TV pundit
* Isidro Goma y Tomas (1869–1940), Spanish Roman Catholic Cardinal
* Louis Sylvain Goma (born 1941), Congolese politician
* Michel Goma (born 1932), French fashion designer
* Paul Goma (born 1935), Romanian writer
* Yadvinder Goma (born 1986), Indian politician

## Given name

* Goma Lambu (born 1984), DR-Congo-born English footballer

### Characters

* Goma (character), a character in the Legend of Zelda game series

## Galleries

* Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow, Scotland
* Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane, Australia

## Other uses

* Homa (ritual), an ancient Buddhist fire ritual
* Goma (software), finite element application
* Goma (Mexico City Metrobús), a BRT station in Mexico City
# Gong Li (karateka)

Gong Li (born 16 August 1999) is a Chinese karateka who won a bronze medal at the postponed 2020 Summer Olympics. In 2023, she won the gold medal in the women's 61 kg event at the 2022 Asian Games held in Hangzhou, China.

## Life

She was educated at Beijing Sport University and she lives in Beijing.
In 2018, she represented her country at the world championships in Madrid, Spain.
In 2020, she won the 68 kg weight class at the national championships.
She represented her country at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. An early match was against the eventual Gold Medal winner Feryal Abdelaziz of Egypt. She lost 4:0. She went on to the semi-finals where she gained a bronze medal.
She won the gold medal in the women's 61 kg event at the 2023 World Karate Championships held in Budapest, Hungary.