OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jason Turbow

Jason Turbow is an American author and journalist best known for his baseball writing. He is the author of The Baseball Codes: Beanballs, Sign Stealing, and Bench-Clearing Brawls: The Unwritten Rules of America's Pastime (2010), Dynastic, Bombastic, Fantastic: Reggie, Rollie, Catfish, and Charlie Finley's Swingin' A's (2017), They Bled Blue: Fernandomania, Strike-Season Mayhem, and the Weirdest Championship Baseball Had Ever Seen: The 1981 Los Angeles Dodgers (2019), and is the co-author of Kenny Loggins' memoir, Still Alright: A Memoir (2022).

## Career

Jason Turbow attended the University of California, Santa Cruz. He began his professional career as the sports editor at the Crescent City Triplicate, a newspaper based in a small logging town on the north coast of California. After gaining experience in the field, Turbow moved on to join the San Francisco Chronicle.
At the San Francisco Chronicle, Turbow was responsible for editing Giants Today, a full-page supplement published in tandem with every Giants home game. Turbow eventually wrote for various publications like The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and Sports Illustrated. His passion for baseball led him to focus on sports journalism, particularly about the intricacies of America's pastime.
In 2010, Turbow published his first book, The Baseball Codes, which explored the unwritten rules of baseball, including beanballs, sign stealing, and bench-clearing brawls. The book received positive reviews and established Turbow as a respected voice in baseball literature.
In 2017, Turbow released Dynastic, Bombastic, Fantastic, a book that chronicled the rise and fall of the Oakland Athletics under the ownership of Charles O. Finley during the 1970s. The book detailed the team's colorful personalities and their three consecutive World Series championships from 1972 to 1974.
# Psilomelane

Psilomelane is a group name for hard black manganese oxides including hollandite and romanechite. Psilomelane consists of hydrous manganese oxide with variable amounts of barium and potassium. Psilomelane is erroneously, and uncommonly, known as black hematite, despite not being related to true hematite, which is an iron oxide.

## Formula

Generalized formula may be represented as Ba(Mn$^{2+}$)(Mn$^{4+}$)$_8$O$_{16}$(OH)$_4$ or as (Ba,H$_2$O)$_2$Mn$_5$O$_{10}$. It is sometimes considered to be a hydrous manganese manganate, but of doubtful composition. The amount of manganese present corresponds to 70-80% of manganous oxide with 10-15% of available oxygen.

## Characteristics

Psilomelane has no definite chemical composition and occurs as botryoidal and stalactitic masses with a smooth shining surface and submetallic lustre. The mineral is readily distinguished from other hydrous manganese oxides (manganite and wad) by its greater hardness 5 to 6; the specific gravity varies from 3.7 to 4.7. The streak is brownish black and the fracture smooth. The mineral often contains admixed impurities, such as iron hydroxides. It is soluble in hydrochloric acid with evolution of chlorine gas.

## History and occurrence

The name, dating back to 1758, makes reference to its characteristic appearance, from the ancient Greek ψιλός: psilos for (naked, smooth, bald) and μέλας: melas (black); a Latinized form is calvonigrite from calvo for (bald, smooth) and negri (black).
It is a common and important ore of manganese, occurring under the same conditions and having the same commercial applications as pyrolusite. It is found at many localities; amongst those which have yielded typical botryoidal specimens may be mentioned the Restormel iron mine at Lostwithiel in Cornwall, Brendon Hills in Somerset, Hoy in Orkney, Sayn near Coblenz, Hout Bay near Cape Town, and Crimora in Augusta county, Virginia. With pyrolusite it is extensively mined in Vermont, Virginia, Arkansas, and Nova Scotia.

## Image gallery

* A specimen of manganese oxide
* Dendritic psilomelane on a cobble
* Slab of manganese ore showing a mixture of hausmannite and psilomelane in a zonal arrangement and a radiating mass of white barite at the center
* Psilomelane and pyrolusite from Solnhofen Limestone quarries, Solnhofen, Franconia, Bavaria, Germany
* Vanadinite and psilomelane from Taouz, Er Rachidia Province, Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Morocco
# Falagueira-Venda Nova

Falagueira-Venda Nova is a civil parish in the municipality of Amadora, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Falagueira and Venda Nova. The population in 2011 was 23,186, in an area of 2.86 km$^2$.
# Baoquan, Heilongjiang

Baoquan (simplified Chinese: 宝泉; traditional Chinese: 寶泉; pinyin: Bǎoquán; lit. 'precious springs') is a town in Kedong County, western Heilongjiang province, Northeast China, located on a tributary of the Nonni River more than 190 kilometres (120 mi) east-northeast of the city of Qiqihar. China National Highway 202 (G202) passes through the town, which is down the road from the city of Bei'an and the county seat, which lies some 13 km (8.1 mi) to the south.
# Osanai

Osanai (written: 小山内 or 長内) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kaoru Osanai (小山内 薫, 1881–1928), Japanese theatre director, playwright and actor
* Mamo Osanai (小山内 護, born 1970), Japanese golfer
* Seiichi Osanai (長内 清一, born 1953), Japanese sport wrestler
* Takaya Osanai (小山内 貴哉, born 1993), Japanese footballer

## Fictional characters

* Kirihito Osanai (小山内 桐人) protagonist of the manga series Ode to Kirihito
* Shōko Osanai (小山内 梢子), protagonist of the visual novel Aoi Shiro
# Janos Municipality

Janos is a municipality in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It is located in the extreme northwest of Chihuahua, on the border with the state of Sonora and the U.S. states of Arizona & New Mexico. As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 10,953. The municipal seat is the town of Janos, Chihuahua, which shares its name with the municipality.
The El Berrendo/Antelope Wells border crossing is located in the municipality.
As of 2010, the town of Janos had a population of 2,738. Other than the town of Janos, the municipality had 315 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) was: Monte Verde (Altamira) (1,087), classified as rural.
The name "Janos" was given by the Janos people, the indigenous inhabitants of the area upon the arrival of the Spaniards. The Janos were probably a sub-tribe or closely related to the Suma people. Neither the Janos nor the Suma survived contact and are now extinct. Franciscan missionaries originally built a mission in the location in 1640, under the name Soledad de Janos. The mission did not, however, survive a series of revolts by indigenous people and was replaced on 16 October 1686 by a military presidio under Gen. Juan Fernández de la Fuente. The presidio defended the area from attacks from Apache raiders until the municipality was established in 1820.

## Towns and villages

The largest localities (cities, towns, and villages) are:
| Name | 2010 Census Population |
| Janos | 2,738 |
| Monte Verde (Altamira) | 1,087 |
| Fernández Leal | 885 |
| Pancho Villa (La Morita) | 812 |
| Tres Álamos | 670 |
| Casa de Janos | 399 |
| San Pedro | 336 |
| Buenos Aires (Campo Uno) | 275 |
| Altamirano | 255 |
| Buenos Aires (Campo Cuatro) | 213 |
| Total Municipality | 10,953 |
Other settlements:
* El Berrendo (1)

## Adjacent municipalities and counties

* Ascensión Municipality - east
* Nuevo Casas Grandes Municipality - southeast
* Casas Grandes Municipality - south
* Bacerac Municipality, Sonora - southwest
* Bavispe Municipality, Sonora - west
* Agua Prieta Municipality, Sonora - west
* Hidalgo County, New Mexico - north

## Sister City

Janos Municipality has one sister city.:
* - Lordsburg, New Mexico, USA
# Iehira

Iehira (written: 家平 or 家衡) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Kiyohara no Iehira (清原 家衡, died 1087), Japanese samurai
* Konoe Iehira (近衛 家平, 1282–1324), Japanese kugyō
# Jipsin

Jipsin (Korean: 짚신) are Korean traditional sandals made of straw. Koreans have worn straw sandals since ancient times. They are categorized as 이; 履; yi, shoes with a short height, and the specific name can vary according to the materials used, as with samsin, wanggolsin, cheongol jisin, and budeulsin.
In the Joseon period, jipsin were worn mostly by commoners, working farmers. The shoes were meant for walking, and wore down quickly. A full day's worth of walking would often wear out a pair. As such, most people knew how to make the shoes themselves. This was even true of middle and even upper-class women; it was not "considered lowering for her to engage in making of straw shoes".
They are very similar, especially in form, to mituri, which are also traditional Korean woven shoes. The difference lies primarily in materials; jipsin are typically made of straw, while mituri are made from hemp, Cyperus exaltatus (왕골), or cattail.

## Gallery

* A man (left) making jipsin (2008)
* Women in a Korean folk village wearing jipsin and hanbok (2008)
# Gia Abrassart

Gia Abrassart is a journalist and activist based in Belgium.

## Biography

Abrassart began her career in hospitality, before working for the International Committee of the Red Cross. She then returned to university to study journalism at the Université libre de Bruxelles.
In 2012, she was a co-founder of the Warrior Poets collective. In 2015, she co-wrote the Créer en postcolonie 2010-2015. Voix et dissidences belgo-congolaises book with Sarah Demart. That year, she also launched a lemon-and-ginger brand of drinks called Ginger G. In 2018, she founded the Café Congo in the Studio CityGate, in Anderlecht, as a cultural space.
# Georges Ivanov

Georges Ivanov (Georgii Ivanov, Brest-Litovsk 30 October 30, 1902 - Chelle near Paris, 3 September 1979) was a Russian performer of Russian traditional music in France during the 1950s-1960s. He sang and played guitar in Paris concerts of Russian and Gypsy music, and from 1955-1960 appeared at the restaurant "Cabaret at Mysi." He released one album in France, Ivanov Chante La Vieille Russie.
# Falagria

Falagria is a genus of rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae. There are more than 30 described species in Falagria.

## Species

These 32 species belong to the genus Falagria:
* Falagria alutipennis Cameron, 1939
* Falagria angulata Casey
* Falagria brevisulcus Pace, 2008
* Falagria caesa Erichson, 1837
* Falagria cingulata LeConte, 1866
* Falagria coarcticollis Fauvel, 1898
* Falagria cribata Pace, 1984
* Falagria currax Sharp, 1880
* Falagria dissecta Erichson, 1840
* Falagria furoris Pace, 2008
* Falagria infima Sharp, 1883
* Falagria inornata Sharp, 1883
* Falagria iowana Casey
* Falagria ithacana Casey
* Falagria latesulcata Cameron, 1939
* Falagria myrmecolucida Pace, 2008
* Falagria neozealandicola Pace, 2015
* Falagria nitidula Sharp, 1883
* Falagria pallipennis Cameron, 1939
* Falagria peinantamontis Pace, 2008
* Falagria quadrata Sharp, 1883
* Falagria schawalleri Coiffait
* Falagria seminitens Cameron, 1933
* Falagria splendens Kraatz, 1858
* Falagria sterilis Casey
* Falagria subsimilis Casey
* Falagria sulcata (Paykull, 1789)
* Falagria sulcatula (Gravenhorst, 1806)
* Falagria taiwaelegans Pace, 2008
* Falagria taiwarorida Pace, 2008
* Falagria texana Casey
* Falagria tranquillitatis Pace, 2008
# Lacon discoideus

Lacon discoideus is a species of click beetle native to eastern North America.
# Othello (paintings)

Othello is a series of paintings executed in 1985 by Nabil Kanso. The subjects of the paintings are loosely based on Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello. The series comprises 60 paintings dealing with themes of love, race, jealousy, betrayal, and evil. They depict scenes embodying compositions of figural and metaphorical imagery that may be seen as visually reflecting the intimate and dramatic relationship between Othello and Desdemona, and the tense and uneasy relation that passes between and through Othello, Desdemona and Iago.

## Description

The Othello paintings depict a sequence of figural images with oil and acrylic on canvases and paperboards ranging in size from 30×40 inches (102×76 cm) to 120×216 inches (300×550 cm). The overtones are often conveyed with wide-rugged brushstrokes of black against a red background with areas of orange and yellow, and with figures and shapes of animals, humans, hooded faces, and monsters. It is pointed out that in the painting surface of the works on paper, "the brushstrokes seem even more aggressive, often giving the figures the immediacy of gesture sketches."
The physical substance of the paintings reflects a process of forming imagery that may correspond in form, texture, tone, and color to the subject it represents. The intense colors and violent movement of the brush seem to add emphasis to the nature of the subject. The embraces of the figures representing Othello and Desdemona are viewed by some as scenes that move "from tender and loving to confusion and rage." When the Othello were exhibited at the gallery space of a theater in Atlanta in 1985, the paintings were considered “too provocative” and were taken down the day after the exhibit had been hung.
The paintings in the series are divided almost equally in two parts. The first part consists of works often depicting compositions of naked human figures encountered in intimate situations heightened by the contrast of light and dark, and various sexual metaphors.
The second part contains about thirty canvases dealing with themes of intrigue, suspicion, and killing making direct references to the characters Iago, Othello, and Desdemona in Shakespeare’s tragedy. They reveal images of aggressiveness, intensity, and violence with webs of turbulent rhythm, whirling forms, and allegorical concepts as a means of conjuring imagery with layers of meanings and symbols that may visually reinterpret the intensity of events leading to Othello killing of Desdemona.
# Janos Kirz

Janos Kirz (born 1937) is a Hungarian-American physicist, Professor emeritus at Stony Brook University, and pioneer of X-ray microscopy.

## Biography

Kirz was born in Budapest, Hungary and emigrated to the United States following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He studied physics at the University of California, Berkeley and after getting his PhD in 1963, he spent a year as a postdoc at CEA in Saclay. In 1968 Kirz took a position at Stony Brook University where he was appointed professor in 1973. Kirz is the nephew of physicist Edward Teller.

## Research

Kirz's work has focused on Soft X-ray microscopy and the development and use of zone plates.

## Awards

* 1970 - Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship
* 1985 - Guggenheim Fellowship
* 2005 - Arthur H. Compton Award from the Advanced Photon Source for "Pioneering and developing the field of x-ray microscopy using Fresnel zone plates". Shared with Günter Schmahl.

## Publications

* Kirz, Janos (1974). "Phase zone plates for x rays and the extreme uv". Journal of the Optical Society of America. 65 (3): 301–309. doi:10.1364/JOSA.64.000301.
* Kirz, Janos; Jacobsen, Chris; Howells, Malcolm (1995). "Soft X-ray microscopes and their biological applications". Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. 28 (1): 33–130. doi:10.1017/S0033583500003139. PMID 7676009. S2CID 37999221.
# Contemporary (magazine)

Contemporary was a monthly visual arts magazine based in London. Founded and edited as The Green Book by Keith Spencer as a quarterly publication, it re-emerged under the title Contemporary Art in 1993. On the death of Spencer, the title was acquired by Gordon and Breach Publishing (G+B), and produced four issues under the editorship of Lynne Green, Spencer's deputy.
The magazine finally found its feet as a committed contemporary art publication in 1996 under the editorial control of Keith Patrick and with the change of title to Contemporary Visual Arts, later abbreviated to CVA. During this period the magazine achieved sales of nearly 20,000, including 5,000 subscribers, with distribution mainly in the UK, Europe, the States and Australia. Its base at this time was the former Peek Freans biscuit factory in Bermondsey, London, the site of several key early exhibitions of the YBA generation.
With the collapse of the G+B parent company in 2001, the title was acquired by Art:21 and reappeared as Contemporary in January 2002 although no longer with an exclusive commitment to the visual arts. In 2003 a sister publication, Contemporary 21, was launched. Initially media-focused, with special issues dedicated to painting, sculpture, video art and performance, it would later embrace a wider range of topics, from art collecting to the relationship between visual art and architecture. In 2006 Contemporary published its first Annual, featuring 50 emerging artists nominated by its network of world correspondents. In 2008 the magazine relocated to Panama City, where it ceased publication after failing in an attempt to start a Spanish-language edition.
In May 2009, it was reported that the publisher, Brian Muller, had not paid the magazine's contributing writers for a year.

## Notable contributors

* Ian Carr-Harris
* Dennis Cooper
* Liam Gillick
* Mark Gisbourne
* Tony Godfrey
* RoseLee Goldberg
* Katerina Gregos
* Martin Herbert
* Jens Hoffmann
* Katie Kitamura
* Thomas McEvilley
* Lucy McKenzie
* Hans Ulrich Obrist
* Christine Redfern
* Sally O'Reilly
* Barry Schwabsky
* Katy Siegel
* Won-il Rhee
* Raúl Zamudio

## Editors-in-chief

* Brian Müller (2008)
* Emiliano Valdés (2007–08)
* Michele Robecchi (2005–07)
* Roger Tatley (2004–05)
* Mark Rappolt (2003–04)
* Keith Patrick (1996–03)
* Lynne Green (1995–96)
* Keith Spencer (1993–94)
# Joan Prentice

Joan Prentice or Joan Prentis ( – 5 July 1589) was an Englishwoman executed after being accused of witchcraft with Joan Cunny and Joan Upney in Chelmsford in Essex in 1589.

## Life

Prentice lived in an almshouse in Sible Hedingham. She told investigators about her pet who she said was a ferret named "Satan" or "Bid". The ferret she said had asked to be fed and this she had done on a number of occasions. The ferret was said to have fed by biting and sucking her blood from her left cheek.
During her questioning she implicated two other women named Elizabeth Whale and Elizabeth Mott who she said had used her familiar, Bidd. The accusations did not result in any further action against them.
She was charged in line with the 1563 Witchcraft Act which defined the penalties for people found guilty of witchcraft. In time 31 people were found guilty and only one was a man. The 1563 Act in England required that the death penalty could only be used where the accused had caused the death of another. In Prentice's case she said that had asked her familiar to hurt a child but the familiar disobeyed her and the child died. This justified the death penalty.

## Death and legacy

Prentice died on 5 July 1589. She was hanged at Chelmsford with Joan Cunny and Joan Upney who were also found guilty of similar crimes. Joan Cunny's daughter, Avis, was also found guilty but she escaped immediate execution because she was pregnant.
Detail of Prentice's life and death are available because the record of her trial is extant and a copy of a publication at the time, "The Apprehension and Confession of Three Notorious Witches Arraigned and by Justice Condemned and Executed at Chelmsford" is also known.
# Janantike

Janantike (pronounced ; transl. To The Audience—An Aside) is a 1965 collection of personal essays by Indian writer Suresh Joshi. V.Y. Kantak translated it into English with the title Intimate Asides (1995).

## Publication

The book was first published in 1965 by Swati Prakashan, Bombay. It contains 51 essays that Joshi wrote during the period from 1955 to 1964. The essays are of different lengths, arranged in a loose sequence. The essays are untitled but numbered serially.

## Contents

Janantike (aside) is a term used in classical Sanskrit dramaturgy to indicate a situation where one character whispers something into the ear of another character, apparently excluding the audience from sharing it. Joshi states in the preface to the collection that the essays are written in a Janantik form, suggesting they are personal essays.
Some essays in the collection are autobiographical in nature. The chief theme of the essays is reminiscence (smaraṇ in Gujarati). In the opening essays, as well as in some later ones, Joshi recaptures the impressions of his earlier days, especially his childhood. He writes about his childhood impressions of his home region which lies towards the South Gujarat, the castle which is now in ruins, the dense forest of Saatkashi, the river Zankhari and the wondrous fairy world of childhood. Some specific memories are interwoven with these past impressions: the memory of certain deaths in the family, the images of a grandfather and an aunt are overlaid with the sadness of existence.

## Reception

Janantike was awarded the Narmad Suvarna Chandrak (also known as the Narmad Gold Medal) literary award in 1965. One of Joshi's best known works, Janantike is considered to be one of the important contributions to Gujarati essays. V.Y. Kantak translated it into English by V. Y. Kantak with the title Intimate Asides (1995), published by Sahitya Akademi.
Gujarati writer Meghnad Bhatt cites Janantike as 'undoubtedly' the best collection of essays in Gujarati literature. Because of the 'rare modern sensibility' of the essays, critic Digish Mehta consider it a 'significant contribution' to Gujarati prose style.
# Providence, Indiana

Providence is an unincorporated community in Union Township, Johnson County, Indiana.

## History

Providence was originally called Union Village, and under the latter name was platted in 1837. A post office was established at Providence in 1880, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1908.
# Possession (1922 film)

Possession or Phroso is a 1922 British-French silent drama film directed by Louis Mercanton and starring Malvina Longfellow, Reginald Owen and Max Maxudian. It is based on the 1897 novel Phroso: A Romance by Anthony Hope.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Lord Wheatley (Owen) purchases an island off Turkey and under Turkish rule. Upon arrival, he finds the natives bitterly opposed to his taking possession. They plan to install a young woman, Phroso (Longfellow), as dictator. Several fights occur between the islanders and Wheatley's servants. Mouraki Pacha (Maxudian) arrives and quells the natives, but covets Phroso. Wheatley rescues Phroso from Constantine Stephanopoulos (Capellani), who wants to marry her, but the Turkish governor threatens him with execution if he does not surrender her to him. They escape using a secret passageway but again fall into the Turkish ruler's clutches. However, an islander with a grievance against Mouraki Pacha stabs him and helps the pair to escape in their yacht.

## Cast

* Malvina Longfellow as Phroso
* Reginald Owen as Lord Wheatley
* Max Maxudian as Mouraki Pacha
* Paul Capellani as Constantine Stephanopoulos
* Jeanne Desclos as Poupa Cassieri
* Charles Vanel as Dimitri
* Raoul Paoli as Kortes
* Louis Monfils as Stephan
* Harrison Brown
* Paul Menant
* Paul Numa
# Padmini Thomas

Padmini Thomas is an Indian athlete and a former president of the Kerala State Sports Council. She won a Silver medal in 4 × 100 m relay and a bronze medal in the 400 metres in the 1982 Asian Games. She is a recipient of the Arjuna Award.
Thomas was married to John Selvan, a former Indian athlete, who died on May 6, 2020, succumbing to the injuries sustained from a fall from the terrace of their home in Thiruvananthapuram. Her daughter, Diana John Selvan and son, Dany John Selvan, are both sports persons in their own right. In March 2024, Thomas joined BJP after leaving Congress
# Procambarus pygmaeus

Procambarus pygmaeus, commonly known as the Christmas tree crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to the south-eastern United States.
# Eucithara grata

Eucithara grata is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
According to Kilburn (1992) this species is very doubtfully referred to the genus Eucithara.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 6.7 mm, its diameter 2.8 mm.