OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# HPTN 052

HPTN 052 is the name of a clinical trial conducted in nine countries which examined whether starting people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce the chance that they will pass HIV on to their sexual partners who do not have HIV. The trial showed remarkable success in preventing HIV transmission and were so compelling that the study's Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) asked the research team to share the results with all study participants and offer ART to the control group (people who had been randomized to not start ART) before the study ended. As a result of the study there was increased consensus that treatment as prevention should be included as a public health strategy in lowering HIV infection. The trial was organized by the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) and its chief architect was Myron S. Cohen.

## Results

As reported by a 2011 publication in the New England Journal of Medicine, in the trial there were 1763 couples, where only one partner was infected with HIV. After following them for a median of 1.7 years, there were 4 HIV infections in the group on ART and 35 in the group not on ART. However, when comparing the HIV viruses in the 4 infections in the ART group, 3 of them were different than that of the partner who had originally had HIV. It is likely that these were contracted from another sexual partner, who was not involved in the trial. Therefore, only 1 transmission was recorded in the ART group with 886 couples followed for almost 2 years. That was estimated to be a 96% reduction from the control group, who had only started on ART if they had become sick or their CD4 cell counts had dropped below 250. It is also notable that both groups had received extensive counseling, condoms, and STI treatment.
After the finding of such a drastic reduction in transmission the control arm was stopped prematurely in 2011 and all participants were offered ART. Couples were followed for four more years and by 2015, 1,171 couples were still being followed when the study was completed. As reported in a follow-up publication in the New England Journal of Medicine, only 8 cases of HIV transmission were recorded from patients on ART and 4 of them happened in the first three months after treatment was started and before the virus was able to be suppressed. The other 4 were in patients who had detectable levels of virus in their blood despite being on ART, likely due to resistance and virologic failure. Overall there was a sustained 93% reduction in HIV transmission.

## Ethics

This study was groundbreaking for providing compelling evidence that treating persons with HIV actually reduces HIV infection rates in communities. Now that this information is available, it has created debates about ethical obligations which communities might have when making decisions about providing HIV treatment.

## Reception

In December 2011, Science named the study as "Breakthrough of the Year".
# Richard Pottier

Richard Pottier (6 June 1906, in Graz – 2 November 1994, in Le Plessis-Bouchard) was an Austrian-born French film director. He was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire as Ernst Deutsch.

## Selected filmography

* If I Were Boss (1934)
* A Rare Bird (1935)
* Fanfare of Love (1935)
* Guilty Melody (1936)
* 27 Rue de la Paix (1936)
* The Secrets of the Red Sea (1937)
* Lights of Paris (1938)
* The World Will Tremble (1939)
* Mademoiselle Swing (1942)
* Eight Men in a Castle (1942)
* No Love Allowed (1942)
* Picpus (1943)
* Majestic Hotel Cellars (1945)
* Song of the Clouds (1946)
* Destiny (1946)
* The Uncatchable Mr. Frederic (1946)
* Vertigo (1947)
* The White Night (1948)
* Barry (1949)
* Two Loves (1949)
* Murders (1950)
* Casimir (1950)
* Darling Caroline (1951)
* Rendezvous in Grenada (1951)
* The Case Against X (1952)
* Imperial Violets (1952)
* The Beautiful Otero (1954)
* The Lebanese Mission (1956)
* The Singer from Mexico (1957)
* Serenade of Texas [fr] (1958)
* Tabarin (1958)
* David and Goliath (1960)
* Il ratto delle sabine (1961)
# Rick Aponte

Rick Aponte (born April 3, 1956, in El Seibo, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball bullpen coach for the Washington Nationals, who served from 2007 to 2008. He is currently the pitching coach for the Tri-City ValleyCats.
# Hallia

Hallia is a taxonomic synonym that may refer to:
* Hallia J.St.-Hil. = Alysicarpus
* Hallia Thunb. = Psoralea
# Halictus scabiosae

Halictus scabiosae, the great banded furrow-bee, is a species of bee in the family Halictidae, the sweat bees.

## Distribution

This species is present in most of Europe and in North Africa.

## Description

The abdomen is long, with yellowish stripes and a double band on tergites two and three. The legs are yellow and antennae are entirely black and curved at the apex. Males are very elongated and have a whitish posterior band on segments two-six of the abdomen, while the females show basal hair yellowish-beige bands on tergites two-four.
This species looks very similar to a closely related species, Halictus sexcinctus, and thus the two can be easily confused. These two species can be distinguished from one another in that males of H. sexcinctus have longer, reddish antennae, and females lack said basal hair bands.

## Biology

These mining bees nest on the ground in hardened paths. Normally they dig vertical tunnels in the ground, with a circular entrance surrounded by a cone of earth. In most cases a single female of Halictus scabiosae use a single nest, but sometimes they have a primitive social organization, with multiple females reproducing in a common nest. This primitive species can also be eusocial, with smaller females acting as workers. They are used to nest at a particular site in many colonies.
This species may have several generations per year. Females usually can be found in April after hibernation, while males and new females appear in July. These bees feed on nectar and pollen of various flowers, especially on Asteraceae species.

## Gallery

* Male
* Female
* Female that enters the nest
* Female guarding the entrance of the nest
# Halictus maculatus

Halictus maculatus is a species of insects belonging to the family Halictidae.
It is native to Europe and Eurasia.
# Halictus parallelus

Halictus parallelus is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae.
# Halopteris diaphana

Halopteris diaphana is a species of hydroida first described in 1868 as Anisocalix diaphana by Camill Heller.
# Hallicis clavicula

Hallicis clavicula is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It is found in Costa Rica.
The length of the forewings is 4.6–5.7 mm.
# Rigby's Buildings

Rigby's Buildings is at 21–25 Dale Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. It contains offices and, on its ground floor, a public house.

## History

The building carries the date 1726, but the present building on the site probably dates from about 1850. It takes its name from Alderman Thomas Rigby, who came from humble beginnings, and made a fortune from public houses and hotels. He acquired the building in about 1852, at which time it was known as Atherton Buildings. Rigby bought the building mainly for its yards and warehouse at the rear for use in his business. At this time it had a plain frontage, and in 1865 Rigby added the stucco façade with its wooden carved grotesques in imitation-medieval style. As of 2003 its ground floor is occupied by a public house named Thomas Rigby's, and the upper floors are used as offices.

## Architecture

Rigby's Buildings is in five storeys, with a front of seven bays. The ground floor has a 19th-century frontage containing leaded light windows over which is a continuous fascia. In the upper storeys all the windows are four-pane sashes. The windows in the first floor have balustrades, and decorated architraves and lintels. The windows in the second storey are the most elaborate. They have balconies, decorated architraves, and pediments of different types. Along the top of the building runs a cornice with a parapet. At the centre of the parapet is the inscription "Rigby's Buildings", and at the sides of this are balustrades. Standing on the parapet at its corners are urns. Rigby's Buildings is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.
# Richard de Braylegh

Richard de Braylegh was Dean of Exeter between 1335 and 1353.
# Halocnemum strobilaceum

Halocnemum strobilaceum is a species of flowering plant in the subfamily Salicornioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It is native to coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea and parts of the Middle East and central Asia, where it grows in coastal and inland salt marshes, alkali flats, and other habitats with saline soils.

## Description

Halocnemum strobilaceum is a much-branched, semi-prostrate, sub-shrub with erect branches up to a metre or so high. The woody stems at the base are jointed and have sterile, rounded or conical shaped buds, arranged in whorls on the terminal part of each portion. The erect stems are cylindrical and succulent, with green joints that turn yellow as they age. The stubby, bluish-green, scale-like leaves clasp the stem at each node. The flowers are hermaphrodite and very small, and are arranged in whorls of three on the upper part of the branches.

## Distribution and habitat

Halocnemum strobilaceum is found around the coasts bordering on the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It is also present in the Middle East and central Asia as far east as Mongolia and China. In Iran and Pakistan, it grows in the muddy coastal swamps immediately inland from the mangroves (Avicennia marina) that border the coast of the Persian Gulf. In the delta region of the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, it dominates some plant communities in the salt marsh habitats. In Abu Dhabi it grows in lagoons with muddy substrates in association with Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, and along the storm ridges of shelly sand that form higher up the beach. Gelatinous crusts of cyanobacteria sometimes form in depressions in the ground, and when these get dusted with windblown sand, H. strobilaceum colonises these habitats too. It grows along the sandy Tunisian coast, forming hummocks, growing alongside Bassia muricata, Cutandia memphitica and Traganum nudatum.
In northwestern China in the provinces of Xinjiang and Gansu, it is one of the dominant plants on saline plains, on the shores of salt lakes and at the edges of alluvial fans. Along with glasswort and A. macrostachyum, H. strobilaceum was one of the first plants to recolonise oil-polluted marshland in the Persian Gulf after the soil had been churned up and aerated by the action of crabs.

## Gallery

* Halocnemum strobilaceum. Prokopos Lagoon, Western Achaia, Greece.
* Halocnemum strobilaceum. Prokopos Lagoon, Western Achaia, Greece.
* Halocnemum strobilaceum. Prokopos Lagoon, Western Achaia, Greece.
# Halococcus dombrowskii

Halococcus dombrowskii is an archaeon first isolated from a Permian alpine salt deposit. It is an extremely halophilic coccoid with type strain H4$^T$ (= DSM 14522$^T$ = NCIMB 13803$^T$ = ATCC BAA-364$^T$).
# Riddler's Moon

Riddler's Moon is a 1998 American science fiction drama television film created for UPN for the Thursday Night at the Movies block as part of the six-film Nightworld anthology. It was the second film in the anthology to air on the block. It was subsequently aired again in 1999, before being acquired by the Fox Family Channel in 2000, where it was frequently aired, until the network was purchased by Disney-ABC Television Group in October 2001.

## Premise

Previously barren Indiana farmland owned by a single mother and her disabled son experiences a supernatural bloom.

## Cast

* Corbin Bernsen as George Brenner
* Daniel Newman as Elias Riddler
* William Armstrong as Peter Morley
* Finbar Lynch as Kevin Sanders
* Miles Anderson as Ernie
* Kate Mulgrew as Victoria Riddler

## Production

Filming took place in Luxembourg in the summer of 1998. The production went through many obstacles, mainly with the script, which had to be rewritten multiple times by multiple screenwriters. Lead actress Kate Mulgrew even had a part in the writing of key pages. By the time filming began, only 10% of the original script was left. The unfortunate circumstances were a result of changes in network executive producers, filming locations, and clashes between executives from Paramount Television, Alliance Atlantis, and RTL Group.

## Home media

In the United States, Riddler's Moon was released in several DVD combo packs in 2010 by Echo Bridge Home Entertainment.
# Riddler's Den

Riddler's Den is a 1985 action video game, made for the ZX Spectrum home computer. It was authored by David W. Harper as the debut title from Electric Dreams Software.

## Plot

The game's protagonist is Trunky the Manelephant, who has embarked on a quest to find the Great Golden God Gregogo.

## Gameplay

The game is half a maze and half a puzzle solver, with elements of a role-playing game (RPG). It is similar to titles such as Atic Atac. It came packaged with a poem filled with clues that the player had to decipher to progress through the game.
The player could only carry a limited number of items. A flask displayed on the top right of the screen indicated the player's energy level. If this ran out the game ended. If holding the correct object, it was possible to sleep and regain energy. This would move the timer on to the next day. The game had to be completed within a certain number of days.

## Reception

Sinclair User magazine asserted that the game was easy to play, but difficult to master. Your Spectrum magazine deemed the program both absorbing and frustrating due to its blending of two disparate genres: arcade and adventure.
# Hallodapini

Hallodapini is a tribe of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are more than 50 genera in Hallodapini.
Most species of this tribe are found in the old world, including Australia. Only one genus, Cyrtopeltocoris, is found in North America.

## Genera

These 56 genera belong to the tribe Hallodapini:
Acrorrhinium Noualhier, 1895 - Europe, Asia, Australia Aeolocoris Reuter, 1903 - Africa Alloeomimus Reuter, 1910 - Paleotropical Artchawakomius Yasunaga, 2012 - Orient Aspidacanthus Reuter, 1901 - Africa, southern Palearctic Auricillocoris Schuh, 1984 - Orient Azizus Distant, 1910 - Indomalaya, Pacific islands Bibundiella Poppius, 1914 - Africa Boopidella Reuter, 1907 - Africa Carinogulus Schuh, 1974 - Africa Chaetocapsus Poppius, 1914 - Africa Clapmarius Distant, 1904 - Orient Cleotomiris Schuh, 1984 - Orient Cleotomiroides Schuh, 1984 - Orient Cremnocephalus Eieber, 1860 - Western Palearctic Cyrtopeltocoris Reuter, 1876 - North America Diocoris Kirkaldy, 1902 - Africa Eminoculus Schuh, 1974 - Africa Formicopsella Poppius, 1914 - Africa Gampsodema Odhiambo, 1960 - Africa Glaphyrocoris Reuter, 1903 - Southern Palearctic, Africa Hadrodapus Linnavuori, 1996 - Africa Hallodapomimus Herczek, 2000 - Baltic amber Hallodapus Eieber, 1858 - Palearctic, Africa, Australia Ifephylus Linnavuori, 1993 - Africa Kapoetius Schmitz, 1969 - Palearctic, Africa Laemocoris Reuter, 1879 - Africa, southern Palearctic Leaina Linnavuori, 1974 - west Africa Leptomimus Herczek & Popov, 2010 - Baltic amber Lestonisca Carvalho, 1988 - Africa Linacoris Carvalho, 1983 - Oceania Lissocapsus Bergroth, 1903 - Africa, Madagascar Malgacheocoris Carvalho, 1952 - Africa, Madagascar Mimocoris J. Scott, 1872 - Europe Myombea China & Carvalho, 1951 - Africa Myrmicomimus Reuter, 1881 - southern Palearctic Neolaemocoris Wagner, 1975 - Palearctic, North Africa Omphalonotus Reuter, 1876 - southern Palearctic Pangania Poppius, 1914 - Africa Paralaemocoris Linnavuori, 1964 - southern Palearctic Phoradendrepulus Polhemus & Polhemus, 1985 - southwest Nearctic Podullahas Schuh, 1984 - Orient Pongocoris Linnavuori, 1975 - Africa Ribautocapsus Wagner, 1962 - Palearctic Ruwaba Linnavuori, 1975 - Southern Palearctic Skukuza Schuh, 1974 - Africa Sohenus Distant, 1910 - India, Sri Lanka Syngonus Bergroth, 1926 - Africa Systellonotidea Poppius, 1914 - Africa Systellonotopsis Poppius, 1914 - Africa Systellonotus Pieber, 1858 - Palearctic Trichophorella Reuter, 1905 - Africa Trichophthalmocapsus Poppius, 1914 Vitsikamiris Polhemus, 1994 - Africa, Madagascar Wygomiris Schuh, 1984 eastern Asia, Indo-Pacific Zaratus Distant, 1909 - India, Thailand
# Hallock Township, Kittson County, Minnesota

Hallock Township is a township in Kittson County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 108 at the 2000 census.
Hallock Township was organized in 1880, and named for Charles Hallock, an American writer.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 33.9 square miles (88 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 108 people, 34 households, and 33 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.2 inhabitants per square mile (1.2/km$^2$). There were 42 housing units at an average density of 1.2 per square mile (0.46/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 95.37% White, 3.70% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.63% of the population.
There were 34 households, out of which 47.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 85.3% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 2.9% were non-families. 2.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.18 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the township the population was spread out, with 35.2% under the age of 18, 2.8% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $45,000, and the median income for a family was $45,000. Males had a median income of $31,750 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,834. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.
# Riencourt

Riencourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Riencourt is situated 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Amiens, on the D121 and D69 crossroads.
# Rieneck Castle

Rieneck Castle (German: Burg Rieneck) is a hill castle located in the town of Rieneck, in Bavaria, southern Germany. It was built by Ludwig I, Count of Loon and Rieneck, around the year 1150. It is today used by the German Christian Guide and Scout Association.
Rieneck Castle sits on a hill in the town of Rieneck, overlooking the Sinn river. It is located in the Spessart hills, in the Main-Spessart district of Bavaria, about 80 km east of Frankfurt.

## Background

In 1150 Ludwig I, Count of Loon and Rieneck, ordered the building of the castrum Rinecke on the northeastern boundary of his territory, with the aim of safeguarding the lands of this aristocratic family against the neighbouring lordships of Mainz, Würzburg and Fulda. The little hill in the Sinn valley offered excellent conditions: there was only one direction where the castle required additional protection by a defensive ditch, and offered as narrow a front as possible to attack. The latter can be clearly seen in the ground plan of the keep, the 19-metre high "Thick Tower", which is outwardly an irregular, seven-sided polygon, whose tip points towards the nearby hill. The castle complex initially consisted simply of a courtyard surrounded by defensive walls, and the keep, with its 4 to 8-metre thick walls. Inside the walls half-timbered buildings were constructed as living quarters, store rooms, and stables. Of these only what we now know as the "arched cellar" survives.

## Today

The castle today serves as a scouting facility and is owned by the German Christian Guide and Scout Association VCP. The castle's programme includes scouting activities such as arts and crafts, pioneering and Medieval trades and offers accommodation and a campsite. The Hesse branch of VCP holds its annual Federal Assembly meeting at the castle.
In March, April and May 2020, it was reported that, due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in Bavaria, the castle's continued operation as a scout facility, was under financial threat, with bookings, beginning at in early June, curtailed until December.
# Halved joint

A halved joint is a woodworking joint in which the two members are joined by removing material from each at the point of intersection so that they overlap. The halved joint is differentiated from the lap joint in that the members are joined on edge, rather than on flat.
The simple halved joint is created by cutting a slot in opposite edges of the members to be joined so that they slip together. Most commonly, the amount of material removed is equal to half the width of the members being joined, although this depends on the relative dimensions of the members. This joint is relatively weak and prone to splitting, due to the lack of shoulders which would otherwise prevent twisting. When extra strength is required, a strengthened version of the joint is called for. This involves a more elaborate cut out which incorporates shoulders to prevent twisting of the joint.

## Applications

* Partitions in trays and drawers
* Construction of torsion boxes

## Methods

Halved joints can be cut by the following methods:
* Hand saw and chisel
* circular saw with multiple passes (depending on width and depth)
* dado set in a single pass
* electric router using a straight or rebate bit
* spindle moulder
* Laser cutter
# Hallstatt (disambiguation)

Hallstatt is a town in Austria.
Hallstatt may also refer to:
* Hallstatt (China), a housing development in China based upon the town in Austria
* Hallstätter See, or Lake Hallstatt, on which Hallstatt is located
* Hallstatt culture, an archaeological culture of which Hallstatt is the type site
* Hallstatt Museum, in Hallstatt, Austria
* Hallstatt plateau, an anomaly in carbon dating
* Hallstatt cycle, a hypothesized solar variability cycle
* Hallstatt Lecture, a lecture series on Celtic culture
# Rick Florian

Rick Florian (born April 10, 1962) is a musician, songwriter and producer, most known for being the lead singer of contemporary Christian music rock band White Heart from 1986 through to their disbandment in 1998. He lives in Franklin, Tennessee with his wife, Lisa, and two of their five children. Florian works as a real estate agent, though he has sung on several music projects over the years.

## Early life

Florian was born in South Bend, Indiana, in 1962. He graduated from Taylor University in 1984.

## Whiteheart

Florian was a lighting tech/roadie for the band back in the 80s. When Florian was caught off guard singing and dancing to White Heart's songs, he was asked to audition for the open position as the band's vocalist. He got the job and recorded eight studio albums with them.
Throughout his tenure with the band, he was praised on several occasions for his clean voice and excellent performing abilities. He could always find a clever spot to show off his back handspring in each concert. Despite not being a founding member, he became the core of White Heart along with Billy Smiley and Mark Gersmehl (who's also an Indiana native, like Florian himself). Florian issued a statement several years ago that the band was only at "a dormant stage".
When Florian released his first album with White Heart, a tradition of using unique spelling variations of his name for each album began. There is no precise account as to who started it, but it remained up until the last albums of the band. The various spellings used have been: Ric, Rikk, Riq, Ricke, Rhic, Rikcq, Ricque. Florian has also been known to go by the nickname, "Tubes".
# Mogamigawa Prefectural Natural Park

Mogamigawa Prefectural Natural Park (最上川県立自然公園, Mogamigawa kenritsu shizen-kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1971, the park spans the borders of the municipalities of Sakata, Shōnai, and Tozawa. The park's central feature is the eponymous Mogami River.