# Helen Burke, Countess Clanricarde

Helen Burke, Countess Clanricarde (née MacCarty; c. 1641 – 1722), also styled Helen FitzGerald, was brought to France by her mother fleeing the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, against which her father, the 2nd Earl Muskerry, resisted to the bitter end. In France, she was educated at the abbey of Port-Royal-des-Champs together with her cousin Elizabeth Hamilton. She married three times. All her children were by her second husband, William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde. She was the mother of Ulick Burke, 1st Viscount Galway, Margaret, Viscountess Iveagh, and Honora Sarsfield.

## Birth and origins

Helen was probably born in the early 1640s, probably at Macroom Castle, County Cork, Ireland, her parents' habitual residence. She was the eldest daughter of Donough MacCarty and his wife Eleanor Butler. At the time of Helen's birth, her father was the 2nd Viscount Muskerry, but he would be advanced to Earl of Clancarty in 1658. Her father's family were the MacCartys of Muskerry, a Gaelic Irish dynasty that branched from the MacCarthy-Mor line with Dermot MacCarthy, second son of Cormac MacCarthy-Mor, a medieval Prince of Desmond. This second son had been granted the Muskerry area as appanage.
Helen's mother was the eldest sister of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond. Her mother's family, the Butler dynasty, was Old English and descended from Theobald Walter, who had been appointed Chief Butler of Ireland by King Henry II in 1177. Helen's parents were both Catholic. They had married before 1641.
Family tree :
| | | | | | | | | | | Charles 1st Viscount Muskerry 1564–1641 | Charles 1st Viscount Muskerry 1564–1641 | Charles 1st Viscount Muskerry 1564–1641 | Charles 1st Viscount Muskerry 1564–1641 | Charles 1st Viscount Muskerry 1564–1641 | Charles 1st Viscount Muskerry 1564–1641 | | | | | | | Thomas Viscount Thurles d. 1619 d.v.p.* | Thomas Viscount Thurles d. 1619 d.v.p.* | Thomas Viscount Thurles d. 1619 d.v.p.* | Thomas Viscount Thurles d. 1619 d.v.p.* | Thomas Viscount Thurles d. 1619 d.v.p.* | Thomas Viscount Thurles d. 1619 d.v.p.* |
| | | | | | | | | | | Donough 1st Earl Clancarty 1594–1665 | Donough 1st Earl Clancarty 1594–1665 | Donough 1st Earl Clancarty 1594–1665 | Donough 1st Earl Clancarty 1594–1665 | Donough 1st Earl Clancarty 1594–1665 | Donough 1st Earl Clancarty 1594–1665 | | | Eleanor Butler 1612–1682 | Eleanor Butler 1612–1682 | Eleanor Butler 1612–1682 | Eleanor Butler 1612–1682 | Eleanor Butler 1612–1682 | Eleanor Butler 1612–1682 | | | James Butler 1st Duke Ormond 1610–1688 | James Butler 1st Duke Ormond 1610–1688 | James Butler 1st Duke Ormond 1610–1688 | James Butler 1st Duke Ormond 1610–1688 | James Butler 1st Duke Ormond 1610–1688 | James Butler 1st Duke Ormond 1610–1688 |
| Sir John FitzGerald of the Decies d. 1662 | Sir John FitzGerald of the Decies d. 1662 | Sir John FitzGerald of the Decies d. 1662 | Sir John FitzGerald of the Decies d. 1662 | Sir John FitzGerald of the Decies d. 1662 | Sir John FitzGerald of the Decies d. 1662 | Helen d. 1722 | Helen d. 1722 | Helen d. 1722 | Helen d. 1722 | Helen d. 1722 | Helen d. 1722 | | | William Burke 7th Earl Clanricarde d. 1687 | William Burke 7th Earl Clanricarde d. 1687 | William Burke 7th Earl Clanricarde d. 1687 | William Burke 7th Earl Clanricarde d. 1687 | William Burke 7th Earl Clanricarde d. 1687 | William Burke 7th Earl Clanricarde d. 1687 | | | Callaghan 3rd Earl Clancarty c. 1633 – 1665 | Callaghan 3rd Earl Clancarty c. 1633 – 1665 | Callaghan 3rd Earl Clancarty c. 1633 – 1665 | Callaghan 3rd Earl Clancarty c. 1633 – 1665 | Callaghan 3rd Earl Clancarty c. 1633 – 1665 | Callaghan 3rd Earl Clancarty c. 1633 – 1665 | | | Justin Viscount Mount- cashel c. 1643 – 1694 | Justin Viscount Mount- cashel c. 1643 – 1694 | Justin Viscount Mount- cashel c. 1643 – 1694 | Justin Viscount Mount- cashel c. 1643 – 1694 | Justin Viscount Mount- cashel c. 1643 – 1694 | Justin Viscount Mount- cashel c. 1643 – 1694 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Thomas Burke d. c. 1719 | Thomas Burke d. c. 1719 | Thomas Burke d. c. 1719 | Thomas Burke d. c. 1719 | Thomas Burke d. c. 1719 | Thomas Burke d. c. 1719 | | |
| Ulick 1st Viscount Galway 1670–1691 | Ulick 1st Viscount Galway 1670–1691 | Ulick 1st Viscount Galway 1670–1691 | Ulick 1st Viscount Galway 1670–1691 | Ulick 1st Viscount Galway 1670–1691 | Ulick 1st Viscount Galway 1670–1691 | Margaret Magennis 1673–1744 | Margaret Magennis 1673–1744 | Margaret Magennis 1673–1744 | Margaret Magennis 1673–1744 | Margaret Magennis 1673–1744 | Margaret Magennis 1673–1744 | | | Patrick Sarsfield 1st Earl Lucan 1655–1693 | Patrick Sarsfield 1st Earl Lucan 1655–1693 | Patrick Sarsfield 1st Earl Lucan 1655–1693 | Patrick Sarsfield 1st Earl Lucan 1655–1693 | Patrick Sarsfield 1st Earl Lucan 1655–1693 | Patrick Sarsfield 1st Earl Lucan 1655–1693 | | | Honora Burke 1674–1698 | Honora Burke 1674–1698 | Honora Burke 1674–1698 | Honora Burke 1674–1698 | Honora Burke 1674–1698 | Honora Burke 1674–1698 | | | James FitzJames 1st Duke Berwick 1670–1734 | James FitzJames 1st Duke Berwick 1670–1734 | James FitzJames 1st Duke Berwick 1670–1734 | James FitzJames 1st Duke Berwick 1670–1734 | James FitzJames 1st Duke Berwick 1670–1734 | James FitzJames 1st Duke Berwick 1670–1734 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | James 2nd Earl Lucan 1693–1719 | James 2nd Earl Lucan 1693–1719 | James 2nd Earl Lucan 1693–1719 | James 2nd Earl Lucan 1693–1719 | James 2nd Earl Lucan 1693–1719 | James 2nd Earl Lucan 1693–1719 | James 2nd Duke Berwick 1696–1738 | James 2nd Duke Berwick 1696–1738 | James 2nd Duke Berwick 1696–1738 | James 2nd Duke Berwick 1696–1738 | James 2nd Duke Berwick 1696–1738 | James 2nd Duke Berwick 1696–1738 |
| XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Dukes of Berwick | Dukes of Berwick | Dukes of Berwick | Dukes of Berwick | Dukes of Berwick | Dukes of Berwick | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Viscounts Muskerry & Earls of Clancarty | Viscounts Muskerry & Earls of Clancarty | Viscounts Muskerry & Earls of Clancarty | Viscounts Muskerry & Earls of Clancarty | Viscounts Muskerry & Earls of Clancarty | Viscounts Muskerry & Earls of Clancarty |
*d.v.p. = predeceased his father (decessit vita patris). :
* **courtesy title |||||
Helen had three brothers and one sister, which are listed in his father's article.

## Irish wars

She was a child while her father, Lord Muskerry, commanded the Confederates' Munster army and fought the Parliamentarians in the Cromwellian Conquest of Ireland. He fought to the bitter end, surrendering Ross Castle near Killarney to Edmund Ludlow on 27 June 1652 and disbanding his 5000-strong army. He was allowed to embark to Spain. He lost his estates in 1652 with the Cromwellian Act of Settlement. Arriving in Spain he found that he was not welcome and returned to Ireland in 1653, where he was put on trial for the murder of English settlers in 1642. He was, however, acquitted.

## Exile

Helen, aged about ten, her mother, her sister Margaret, and her brother Justin had fled to France already sometime before the fall of Ross Castle. Her mother lived with her sister Mary, Lady Hamilton, in the convent of the Feuillantines in Paris, and Helen was sent to boarding school at the abbey of Cistercian nuns of Port-Royal-des-Champs, near Versailles, together with her cousin Elizabeth Hamilton. This school had an excellent reputation and was ahead of its time by teaching in French rather than in Latin. She attended this school for seven or eight years. The abbey also was a stronghold of Jansenism, a Catholic religious movement that insisted on earnestness and asceticism. In 1658 her father was created Earl of Clancarty by Charles II in Brussels, where he was then in exile.

## Restoration and first marriage

At the Restoration her father returned to Ireland and recovered his estates in 1660 and was confirmed in their possession in the Act of Settlement 1662.
Helen stayed behind in France at her convent. However, Jansenism was declared heretic for its stance on grace and original sin. Helen was forcibly removed from the abbey in 1661 and was accommodated by Louis Charles d'Albert de Luynes.
Her brother Charles, Viscount Muskerry, as he was now, attended the court in Whitehall together with his wife, who was ridiculed by Elizabeth Hamilton who had been together with her at school.
Helen MacCarty soon married Sir John FitzGerald, Lord of the Decies, seated at Dromana House near Villierstown, County Waterford, as his second wife. His first wife had been Katherine Power, second daughter of John Power, 5th Baron Power, of Curraghmore, whom he had married in 1658 and who had died on 22 August 1660. John and Katherine had had an only child, Katherine FitzGerald, Viscountess Grandison, who would marry Edward FitzGerald-Villiers and become the mother of John Villiers, 1st Earl Grandison. Helen's first marriage was childless and lasted only one or two years as Decies died in 1662.
In 1665 her brother Charles, Lord Muskerry, was killed during the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667) in the Battle of Lowestoft, a naval engagement with the Dutch.

## Second marriage

Her second marriage was to William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde, which brought her the title of Countess of Clanricarde in the Peerage of Ireland. Clanricarde already had sons from a previous marriage, two of whom would succeed him as the 8th and the 9th earls.
William and Helen had four children:
* Ulick (1670–1691), created Viscount of Galway and slain at the Battle of Aughrim fighting for the Jacobites
* Margaret (1673–1744), married first Bryan Magennis, 5th Viscount Iveagh and then Thomas Butler of Garryricken
* William, died childless
* Honora (1674–1698), married first Patrick Sarsfield and then the Duke of Berwick
She seems to have lived at Portumna Castle. At least it is known that her daughter Honora was born there.
Her father, Lord Clancarty, died in London on 4 August 1665. Her husband Clanricarde died in 1687 and was succeeded by his son Richard from his first marriage as the 8th Earl of Clanricarde. She was now about 46 years old. In 1689 her brother Justin lost the Battle of Newtownbutler against the Inniskilleners and was taken prisoner. Her son Ulick was killed along with many senior Jacobite officers at the Battle of Aughrim in 1691.

## Third marriage, death, and timeline

Helen married again, sometime between 1687 and 1700, to Colonel Thomas Burke. The marriage was childless. Her husband died in about 1719 and she died on 15 February 1721 at Kilcash Castle, the house of her daughter, Margaret. Her substantial fortune was the subject of much legal dispute in succeeding generations.
Timeline :
| As her birth date is uncertain, so are all her ages. |||
| Age | Date | Event |
| 0 | 1641, estimate | Born in Ireland, probably at Macroom Castle, County Cork |
| 7–8 | 1649, 30 Jan | King Charles I beheaded. |
| 9–10 | 1651, early | Taken to France by her mother |
| 10–11 | 1652, about | Sent to school at Port-Royal-des-Champs |
| 10–11 | 1652, 27 Jun | Father surrendered Ross Castle. |
| 16–17 | 1658, 27 Nov | Father created 1st Earl of Clancarty. |
| 18–19 | 1660, 29 May | Restoration of King Charles II |
| 18–19 | 1660 | Returned to England and Ireland with the Restoration |
| 19–20 | 1661, about | Married 1st John Fitzgerald of Dromana |
| 20–21 | 1662 | First husband died. |
| 23–24 | 1665, 3 Jun | Brother Charles killed in the Battle of Lowestoft, a naval engagement with the Dutch. |
| 23–24 | 1665, 4 Aug | Father died in London. |
| 28–29 | 1669, estimate | Married 2ndly William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde as his 2nd wife |
| 28–29 | 1670 | Son Ulick born |
| 31–32 | 1673 | Daughter Margaret born |
| 32–33 | 1674 | Daughter Honora born, her last child |
| 43–44 | 1685, 6 Feb | Accession of King James II, succeeding King Charles II |
| 45–46 | 1687, Oct | Second husband died. |
| 47–48 | 1689, 13 Feb | Accession of William and Mary, succeeding King James II |
| 47–48 | 1689, 31 Jul | Brother Justin lost the Battle of Newtownbutler and was taken prisoner. |
| 56–57 | 1691, 12 Jul | Son Ulick slain at the Battle of Aughrim |
| 56–57 | 1698, estimate | Married 3rdly Colonel Thomas Bourke |
| 60–61 | 1702, 8 Mar | Accession of Queen Anne, succeeding King William III |
| 72–73 | 1714, 1 Aug | Accession of King George I, succeeding Queen Anne |
| 77–78 | 1719, about | Third husband died. |
| 80–81 | 1722 | Died at Kilcash Castle |