OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ants Mellik

Ants Mellik (1 June 1926, Tartu – 26 September 2005) was an Estonian architect.

## Early life

Ants Mellik graduated from Tallinn Secondary School in 1944 and continued his studies at the Tallinn Polytechnic Institute, graduating in 1950. From 1952–56, he was a post-graduate student at the Institute of Nutrition and, from 1958 to 1968, a research scientist. He worked on the "Estonian Project" in 1956–57 and was a member of the Construction Committee. From 1957 to 1958, he was a member of the Architectural Department of the Executive Committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies of the City of Tallinn. He was also a member of the "EKE Project" from 1968 to 1992.

## Personal

Mellik was the son of sculptor Voldemar Mellik and Linda Mellik. He was the brother of architect Tõnu Mellik.

## Career

Ants Mellik presented a modern conception wherein architecture evolves from the needs of society, specific circumstances and democratic needs.
Mellik drafted plans for the Tallinn Hiiu quarter and designed the pointbuildings for Ilmarise Street. This residential project was also implemented in Keila and, with some changes, Mustamäe. He also created plans for: Kolga-Aadla, Kiiu-Aadla, Viinistu, Põdrangu, Treimani, and other settlements.
In 1950, the research team of the Science Academy of Building and Building Materials Institute began building pilot projects for housing, but there were many faults. Their most successful experimental house, built in the early 1960s, was next to the Gonsior 18 Television House. It featured a constructive innovation of borderline-walls with large bridges that allowed for a freer space distribution and favoured apartments that could extend through the house.
Mellik's standard designs for one-family dwellings "Ants" and "Ando" are well known. Since 1977, many have been built. Examples of "Ants" are found in Ääsmäe. The "Ants" project is Estonian-like with a high beam roof, a mansard floor and two doors. Under the same roof are a sauna, garage and small adjoining rooms.
During 1982, many of his plans for the three-storey apartment blocs EKE-10 and two-storeyed blocs were used.
Together with Ü. Kuper, Mellik designed single-family houses in Spitak, Armenia for earthquake victims. They also worked on 18-apartment panel housing and, in 1991, a children's home. From 1990, Mellik began to design farmhouses and household buildings.

## Awards

In 1958, Ants and brother Tõnu Mellik received the I-II prize in the planning contest.
In the same year, he received the II prize at the "EKE Project" single-family project competition.
# America's Super Showcase

America's Super Showcase was a one-time variety special that aired on ABC on April 5, 1992, as a crossover episode on "America's Funniest People". The special opened as the latter show, then host Kevin Meaney joined Dave Coulier and Arleen Sorkin on the stage and introduced the show.

## Segments

The Rhino Records band Big Daddy was the house band.
The first segment featured magician/comedian The Amazing Johnathan who demonstrated many comedy props, such as the Mole In The Back routine and then picked a random audience member and engaged him in a question round and if he won, he would receive a $100 bill (which was actually a $20 bill).
The second segment featured a juggling trio called The Flaming Idiots in which they juggled bowling pins and then did an act called "Human Juggling".
Also included were a European comedy team called "Lacawski and Siegel" who would slap their chests to the tune of the William Tell Overture; a Ventriloquist Lynn Tuxster performed an act with three audience members; Prop comedians Carrot Top and Mike Bent performed comedy skits; and Kevin Meaney closed the show by lip-synching "We Are The World" and imitating the singers who originally participated in the song.

## Background

The show was executive produced by Vin Di Bona. Additional episodes were taped but never aired.
# Richard Bright

Richard Bright may refer to:
* Richard Bright (physician) (1789–1858), English physician and early pioneer in the research of kidney disease
* Richard Bright (politician) (1822–1878), English Member of Parliament, 1868–1878 (nephew of the above)
* Richard Bright (actor) (1937–2006), American actor
# Freeport Township

Freeport Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Freeport Township, Stephenson County, Illinois
* Freeport Township, Harrison County, Ohio
* Freeport Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania
# Raymond Walters

Raymond Wadsworth Walters (August 25, 1885 – October 25, 1970) was president of the University of Cincinnati for a term longer than any other president, from 1932 to 1955. Walters compiled annual college enrollment surveys which were widely reported across the nation to show changes in college enrollments.
Walter's published works include a book on the life of Stephen Foster (specifically an account of his years spent in Cincinnati) titled "Youth's Golden Gleam".
# Jackson's Wharf

Jackson's Wharf (1999–2000) was a New Zealand television series created by Gavin Strawhan and Rachel Lang. Set in a fictional coastal town, the series told the story of a sibling rivalry between brothers Frank, the town policeman the younger brother, and Ben Jackson, a big-town lawyer. After inheriting the local pub from his recently deceased father, Ben returns to the small town with his family, with his arrival bringing its fair share of drama and conflict to the small township. Frank is married to Mahina who is part of a Māori family 'who go back on the peninsula long before any Jacksons arrived'.
Jackson's Wharf was produced by Tony Holden, Laurence Wilson and Sandra Clark with directors Murray Keane, John Callen, John Laing, Geoffrey Cawthorn and Niki Caro. The writing team included Rachel Lang, Gavin Strawhan, James Griffin, Niki Caro, David Geary, Steven Zanoski, Deborah Wilton, Nick Malmholt, Kate McDermott, Peter Allison, Miranda Wilson, Liddy Holloway, Maxine Fleming, Roy Ward, Paul Sonne, Jan Prettejohns and Ellen Driver. There were two seasons.
Cast member Nicola Kawana who played Mahina was described as a 'stand-out talent' in the show.

## Awards

1999 New Zealand Television Award: Best Drama Script
# Megumi Kadonosono

Megumi Kadonosono (門之園 恵美, Kadonosono Megumi, born April 28, 1970) is a Japanese animator, animation director and character designer from Osaka, Japan.

## Anime credits

* Aquarian Age: Sign for Evolution: Animation (OP/ED)
* Clannad movie: Character Design
* D.N.Angel: Animation director (ep 20)
* Generator Gawl: Animation director (ep 3)
* Genesis Survivor Gaiarth: Key Animation (Ep 3; MU FILM, Ltd.)
* Kiddy Grade: Character Design, Animation director (OP), Eyecatch Illustration (ep 1)
* Kiddy Grade movies: Character Design
* Kiddy Girl-and: Character Design
* Kishin Taisen Gigantic Formula: Original Character Design
* Legend of Himiko: Animation Character Design
* Level C: Animation
* Magic Knight Rayearth 2: Animation director (eps 36, 45)
* Martian Successor Nadesico: Animation director (characters)
* Metal Fighter Miku: Principal Drawing
* Oshare Majo Love and Berry: Shiawase no Mahou: Chief Animation Director, Character Designer.
* Petopeto-san: Key Animation (OP)
* Pretear: Animation director (ep 11)
* Rayearth (OVA): Character Design
* Shuffle!: Key Animation (ED)
* Uta-Kata: Character Design
* Vampire Knight: Key Animation (OP)
* Vampire Princess Miyu: Animation director (ep 26, OP, ED), Assistant Animation Director (ep 20), Character Planning
* Zettai Karen Children: Key Animation (ED)
# Bernauer Straße (Berlin U-Bahn)

Bernauer Straße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U8.

## History

Built by the subway architect A. Grenander in 1930 this station was a station of the GN Bahn (Gesundbrunnen-Neukölln) of line D. On 8 February 1944, it was destroyed due to ceiling openings.
In April 1945 it was closed due to World War II, and reopened again in May 1945.
After the Second World War, the subway station was below the border between the Soviet and French sectors. As a result, the building of the Wall on 13 August 1961 closed the station, making it, like five other stations along the line, a "Geisterbahnhof (Ghost Station)" where trains passed through. An opening came only with the political turnaround, at which on 12 April 1990, initially the western part was made accessible again. The entrance gate was removed on 19 March 1990 on the decision to open the station. The bullet-riddled holes in the U-Bahn station were later removed. The eastern exit had to be renovated and was reopened on 1 July 1990.
# Francesco Fontani

Francesco Fontani (23 May 1748 – 4 December 1818) was a Florentine scholar, priest, historian, and librarian for the Biblioteca Riccardiana.
He was born in Florence, and studied first in the Seminary of the Collegio Eugeniano, then went on to teach rhetoric in the Collegio Bandinelli of Rome. He was known for his knowledge about ancient artifacts. In 1783, returning to Florence, he was appointed to the position previously held by Giovanni Lami, as librarian at Riccardiana, but also working for the Accademia della Crusca, and serving as parish priest for the church of Santa Lucia dei Magnoli. He appears to have been demoted for participating with revolutionary French forces during the Napoleonic occupation.
He helped publish Il viaggio pittorico della Toscana, a travel journey through Tuscany known for its vedute of the skylines of numerous towns at the start of the 19th-century. The book was published between 1801 and 1803 by Tipi del Tofani and engraved by the brothers Terreni. Reprinted after 1817 by Giovanni Marenigh.
# Kaluđerovac

Kaluđerovac is a village in the Perušić municipality in the Lika region of central Croatia. The 2011 population was 24, ethnic Croats.
The 1712–14 census of Lika and Krbava registered 146 inhabitants, out of whom 112 were Catholic Carniolans, 27 were Catholic Croats, and seven were Catholic Bunjevci.
# Jost Hochuli

Jost Hochuli (born 8 June 1933 in St. Gallen, Switzerland) is a Swiss graphic designer known for his book designs. He is also the author of Detail in Typography, which has been translated into several languages.

## Early career

Jost Hochuli attended the school of arts and crafts in St. Gallen from 1952 to 1954 and then worked from 1954 to 1955 as an apprentice with Rudolf Hostettler at the Zollikofer & Co. AG printing house, St. Gallen. He completed an apprenticeship as a typographer from 1955 to 1958 partly at the Zollikofer press and partly in typesetting class at the Zurich School of Applied Arts, where he also attended typesetting courses with Walter Käch.
In 1958-1959, during a stay in Paris, he attended courses with Adrian Frutiger at the École Estienne.

## Career

Jost Hochuli opened his commercial graphics workshop in 1959, focused on industrial and institutional graphics.
In 1979, Jost Hochuli was one of the co-founders of the VGS Publishing Association (today Publishing Association) St. Gallen. The small publisher publishes mainly, but not exclusively, local and regional articles. From its foundation until 2004, Jost Hochuli was president of the publishing house, and until 2011 he was also responsible for the design of the books. As editor and designer, Jost Hochuli has worked in the Edition Typotron series (1983-1998) and Edition Ostschweiz (since 2000).
As an author, he has published books and various articles on typography and book design. His book The Detail in Typography has been translated into eleven languages in recent years and is widely used by experts. Other renowned specialist publications are his book Make Books or Overview of Book Design in Switzerland.
From 1967 to 1980, as a successor to Walter Käch, he was a part-time type teacher at the Zurich School of Applied Arts, later also for formal basic training for graphic designers, interrupted by a six-month study visit to England in 1968. From 1980 to 1996, Hochuli was a part-time type teacher at the St. Gallen School of Design, as well as director of the extra-occupational training course 'Type Designer'.
Currently, Jost Hochuli works as designer supervising book projects, organizes and curates exhibitions on the subject of book design, and offers lectures, seminars, and workshops at home and abroad. In 2010 he founded the typeface company ABC Litera with typographers Roland Stieger and Jonas Niedermann, who also sells his first typeface, Allegra.He established the type foundry ABC Litera in 2014 with Roland Stieger and Jonas Niedermann. He designed the typeface Allegra.

## Prizes and awards

Hochuli has received the Icograda Honorary Award at the International Book Art Exhibition in Leipzig (1989); the Gutenberg Prize of the City of Leipzig (1999); Jan Tschichold Prize (2004). He is an Honorary Member of the Double Crown Club in London and Senator of the International Gutenberg Society in Mainz.

## Publications

* Detail in typography (1987)
* Book design in Switzerland (1993)
* Designing books: practice and theory (1996)
* Jost Hochuli: Printed matter, mainly books (2002)
# HMS Kinross

HMS Kinross was a Hunt-class minesweeper of the Royal Navy. Kinross was a member of the Admiralty's modified design of Hunt-class minesweepers, which are known variously as the Aberdare class or Aberdare group.

## Loss

At the time of her loss HMS Kinross' was serving with the Mediterranean Fast Minesweeper Flotilla.

## Casualties

12 members of the ships company were lost, with most casualties incurred in the ships engine & boiler rooms.
# Friedman (disambiguation)

Friedman and Freedman are surnames. They may also refer to:
* Friedman Memorial Airport, public airport in Hailey, Idaho
* Friedman (unit), a neologism named after columnist Thomas L. Friedman
# Reclaim Childhood

Reclaim Childhood is a Jordanian organisation that supports refugee girls. It was the Nansen Refugee Award finalist for the Middle East region in 2018.

## Organization

The organisation was founded by Anouk Dey and Katherine Krieg in the summer of 2008, initially focussing on helping Iraqi refugee girls. The headquarters are in Amman.
Reclaim Childhood operates in Amman and Zarqa and as of 2018, provided support to around 500 refugee and Jordanian girls aged between 8 and 18 years old. Services provided include after-school activities, including sports and dance classes. The girls who are refugees come from Syria, Palestine, Iraq, Sudan, Somalia, and Yemen. Reclaim Childhood employee refugees as staff.
Reclaim Childhood was the Nansen Refugee Award finalist for the Middle East region in 2018.
# Xanthisma

Xanthisma, common name sleepy-daisy, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
The generic name comes from the Greek "xanthos," "yellow", and "-ismos," "condition." It was first described in 1836 from material collected in "The Mexican Province of Texas."

## Species

* Xanthisma blephariphyllum (A.Gray) D.R.Morgan & R.L.Hartm. - TX NM
* Xanthisma coloradoense (A.Gray) D.R.Morgan & R.L.Hartm. - CO WY
* Xanthisma gracile (Nutt.) D.R.Morgan & R.L.Hartm. - CA NV UT CO AZ NM TX NY ME, Chihuahua
* Xanthisma grindelioides (Nutt.) D.R.Morgan & R.L.Hartm. - Alberta, Saskatchewan, MT ND SD NE WY CO UT AZ NV NM
* Xanthisma gypsophilum (B.L.Turner) D.R.Morgan & R.L.Hartm. - Coahuila, Durango, TX NM
* Xanthisma junceum (Greene) D.R.Morgan & R.L.Hartm. - Baja California, AZ CA
* Xanthisma paradoxum (B.L. Turner & R.L. Hartm.) G.L. Nesom & B.L. Turner - CO AZ UT
* Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) D.R.Morgan & R.L.Hartm. - Nuevo León, Coahuila, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, CA AZ NM TX AR OK KS CO UT NV ID WY MT ND SD NE IA MN
* Xanthisma texanum DC. - TX NM AZ OK
* Xanthisma viscidum (Wooton & Standl.) D.R.Morgan & R.L.Hartm. - TX NM
# Megachile cinctiventris

Megachile cinctiventris is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Friese in 1916.
# Geometric constraint solving

Geometric constraint solving is constraint satisfaction in a computational geometry setting, which has primary applications in computer aided design. A problem to be solved consists of a given set of geometric elements and a description of geometric constraints between the elements, which could be non-parametric (tangency, horizontality, coaxiality, etc) or parametric (like distance, angle, radius). The goal is to find the positions of geometric elements in 2D or 3D space that satisfy the given constraints, which is done by dedicated software components called geometric constraint solvers.
Geometric constraint solving became an integral part of CAD systems in the 80s, when Pro/Engineer first introduced a novel concept of feature-based parametric modeling concept.
There are additional problems of geometric constraint solving that are related to sets of geometric elements and constraints: dynamic moving of given elements keeping all constraints satisfied, detection of over- and under-constrained sets and subsets, auto-constraining of under-constrained problems, etc.

## Methods

A general scheme of geometric constraint solving consists of modeling a set of geometric elements and constraints by a system of equations, and then solving this system by non-linear algebraic solver. For the sake of performance, a number of decomposition techniques could be used in order to decrease the size of an equation set: decomposition-recombination planning algorithms, tree decomposition, C-tree decomposition, graph reduction, re-parametrization and reduction, computing fundamental circuits, body-and-cad structure, or the witness configuration method.
Some other methods and approaches include the degrees of freedom analysis, symbolic computations, rule-based computations, constraint programming and constraint propagation, and genetic algorithms.
Non-linear equation systems are mostly solved by iterative methods that resolve the linear problem at each iteration, the Newton-Raphson method being the most popular example.

## Applications

Geometric constraint solving has applications in a wide variety of fields, such as computer aided design, mechanical engineering, inverse kinematics and robotics, architecture and construction, molecular chemistry, and geometric theorem proving. The primary application area is computer aided design, where geometric constraint solving is used in both parametric history-based modeling and variational direct modeling.

## Software implementations

The list of geometric constraint solvers includes at least
* DCM (Dimensional Constraint Manager), a commercial solver from D-Cubed (subsidiary of Siemens PLM Software), integrated in AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Creo, and many other popular CAD systems;
* LGS, a commercial solver developed by LEDAS and currently owned by Bricsys, integrated in Cimatron E and BricsCAD;
* C3D Solver, a commercially available solver which is a part of C3D Toolkit, integrated into KOMPAS-3D;
* GeoSolver, a GNU General Public License Python package for geometric constraint solving.
* SolveSpace, open-source CAD that ships with its own integrated geometric constraint solver
# Josh Roberts

Josh Roberts may refer to:
* Joshua Roberts (born 1986), Australian baseball and rugby league player
* Josh Roberts (athlete), American Paralympic athlete, see United States at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
# Francis Downes

Francis Downes (1606–1648) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1624 and 1625.
Downes was the second son of Roger Downes of Wardley Hall, and his second wife Anne Calvert, daughter of John Calvert of Cockeram. His mother was a Catholic and Downes also adopted the Catholic faith. He matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford on 5 December 1623, aged 17 and was a student of Gray's Inn in 1623. In 1624, he was elected member of parliament for Wigan. He was re-elected MP for Wigan in 1625.
# Antonio Bianco

Antonio "Nino" Bianco (26 December 1951 – 15 June 2009) was a South African scientist of Italian ancestry.
Bianco, who was born into a family of gemstone cutters, moved to the United States in 1976. He was especially well known for cutting large diamonds, including a significant number of stones weighing more than 100 carats (20 g) when cut, including the "Dream Diamond", a 100-carat (20 g) fancy colored yellow diamond he produced for the Graff diamond company in 2006, with estimated value at the time of £13 million.
Bianco died of cancer on 15 June 2009.
# Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Polytechnic

Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Polytechnic is a state higher education institution in Gwanda, Zimbabwe, offering Diploma in Education.
The Government of Zimbabwe plans major investment into the polytechnic, which will allow it to start offering degrees and resolve the accommodation shortage for students.
The planned Gwanda State University shall be hosted by the Polytechnic whilst construction takes place.
# Haemagogus soperi

Haemagogus soperi is a species of mosquito found in the coastal plain region of Ecuador. The specific epithet honors Dr. Frederick Lowe Soper.

## Bionomics

H. soperi is known from the Pacific coastal lowlands of all five provinces of Ecuador; the type specimen was collected in Los Ríos Province, Ecuador.
Immatures develop in broken or cut bamboo internodes and have also been collected from leaf axils and bamboo stumps.

## Medical importance

H. soperi is said to readily attack humans and is suspected to be involved in the yellow fever transmission cycle in the endemic regions of the western jungles of Ecuador.
# Phi Alpha

Phi Alpha may refer to:
* Phi Alpha Literary Society, a men's literary society founded in 1845 at Illinois College
* Phi Alpha (fraternity), a historically Jewish fraternity founded at George Washington University on October 14, 1914, which merged into Phi Sigma Delta in April 1959 (which in turn merged into Zeta Beta Tau)
* Phi Alpha (honor society), an honor society in the field of social work founded in 1962
* Phi Alpha, the motto of social fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon
# Record Europa (subsidiary)

Record Europa is a subsidiary of Record, a Brazilian television network. It produces and distributes Record programming from Brazil in Portugal and Europe.
In Portugal, it distributes three channels. Along with CMTV, Record also showed interest in distributing a free-to-air channel in the Portuguese Digital Terrestrial Television platform.

## Channels

* Record Europa general entertainment and news
* Record HD HD simulcast of Record Europa
* Record News mostly a simulcast of Record News in Brazil
# Megachile chyzeri

Megachile chyzeri is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Friese in 1909.