OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hejce

Hejce is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary. It is one of the oldest settlements in Hungary, mentioned in records from 1009, when king Stephen I granted it to the episcopate of Eger. Its viniculture was already known around 1600. Count Károly Eszterházy built a palace there in the 18th century.
Hejce is remembered for the tragedy of a Slovak AN-24 military aircraft which crashed there on January 19, 2006. The plane was carrying Slovak peacekeeping troops from Pristina in Kosovo to Košice in Slovakia. Only one of the 43 soldiers survived. The Slovak minister of defence honoured the inhabitants of the village for their selfless help in the rescue operations.
# Heffermehl

Heffermehl is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fredrik Heffermehl (born 1938), Norwegian peace activist
* Fredrik Stang Heffermehl (1913–1993), Norwegian jurist and businessman
# Ronald J. Norick Downtown Library

The Ronald J. Norick Downtown Library is a library affiliated with the Metropolitan Library System in downtown Oklahoma City, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The four-story, 114,130 square-foot library, opened on August 17, 2004.
The building is named after former mayor Ron Norick, and cost approximately $21.5 million to construct. The nine-year effort to stop rainwater from leaking into the building was completed in 2009.
# Heinrich Danioth

Heinrich Danioth (1896–1953) was a Swiss painter and poet.

## Early life

Heinrich Danioth was born on 1 May 1896 in Altdorf, Switzerland. In 1912, he received some of his basic artistic training in the Basel studio of fellow artist Rudolf Löw, as well as taking evening courses at the local commercial school.

## Career

His career began in 1916 when he started work in the Vaterhaus in Altdorf as a freelance artist in his personal studio. After some time in active service, he gave up a position as a church painter in Upper Valais in 1919 "for artistic reasons of conscience". Throughout 1920-21, he attended the master class of the German expressionist August Babberger at the Baden State Art School in Karlsruhe. Babberger’s work would prove to have a profound influence on his own.
He returned to his native Switzerland in 1927, where he began to introduce Expressionism to the Canton of Uri. In 1929, he took up residence in Flüelen, and in 1931, built his own residential and studio house above Lake Uri. He would work at this location for the rest of his life.

## Notable works
### Paintings

Some of Danioth’s most notable works include the murals, "Tellsprung" and "Rütlischwur", on the walls of the Tellspielhaus, an Altdorf theatre, in 1927.
He painted the mural “Fundamentum” in 1936. It is currently located at the Federal Letter Museum, one of three historical museums in Schwyz, Switzerland.
Another notable work is the large-format mural "Föhnwacht", created on behalf of the Federal Art Commission. A sculptor named Hans von Matt initiated the project after calls to decorate the waiting hall of the new SBB station in Flüelen. It took a year for Danioth to design it, as he searched for a suitable topic. Both the new station and the mural were inaugurated in November 1944. It is displayed there to this day.
He is also known for the image of the devil and the goat on the rock face above the Schöllenen. It was re-attached to a new location when the new cantonal road was built (ca. 1958).

### Poetry

Danioth was also active in writing. In addition to detailed diaries, he wrote compilations of short and often humorous verses. Towards the end of his life, purely literary texts were created. Danioth’s most famous poetry work is the "Urner Krippenspiel" from 1945. In 1951, he wrote the radio play The Sixth of the Seven Days. As a result, he was posthumously awarded the Radio Prize of Central Switzerland.

## Personal life

Danioth married Hedi Weber in 1932. He had two children, Madeleine and Cilly.

## Death

Heinrich Danioth died on 3 November 1953, after a failed operation to remove a brain tumor.

## Legacy

The works of Danioth were shown at the Kunstmuseum Luzern from 17 October—24 November 1954.
The Swiss director Felice Zenoni portrayed Heinrich Danioth's life and work in Danioth the Devil Painter (German: Danioth: Der Teufelsmaler), a documentary film starring actor Hanspeter Müller-Drossaart as Danioth. The film was released in Switzerland on January 15, 2015.
# Heinrich Dau

Johann Heinrich Christfried Dau (1790–1831) was a Holstein-Danish geologist and writer, whose identification of peat layers led eventually to a system of classifying and dating post-glacial northern European paleoclimate periods, the Blytt–Sernander sequences based on peat stratigraphy.
He died at Altona, Hamburg in 1831.

## Selected publications

* Neues Handbuch über Torf, dessen Natur, Entstehung und Wiedererzeugung, Nutzen im Allgemeinen und für den Staat, Leipzig, 1823.
* Allerunterthänigster Bericht an die Königliche Dänische Rentekammer über die Torfmoore Seelands nach einer im Herbste 1828 deshalb unternommenen Reise. Copenhagen and Leipzig, 1829.
* Om Retfærdighed og Frihed og deres nødvendige Samværen, især i politisk Henseende, Copenhagen, 1831.
# Heinrich Danckelmann

Heinrich Dankelmann (2 August 1887 – 30 October 1947) was a Luftwaffe General who served as the third Military Commander for the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia from 23 July to 20 October 1941. During his tenure as commander he oversaw numerous war crimes against the population, most famously hanging of five prisoners at Terazije Square. He was sentenced to death and executed for war crimes in Yugoslavia in 1947.

## World War II

To deal with the Uprising in Serbia and the failure of the Commissioner Government, Milan Aćimović, the leader of the CG, suggested that Danckelmann negotiate with Milan Nedić to form a new puppet government. After short negotiations on August 29, 1941, Nedić's government was formed. This was done with the blessing of Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich but at great risk for Danckelmann as Adolf Hitler, Joachim von Ribbentrop, and the German High Command were not informed.
During September, Danckelmann met with the Italian delegation in Belgrade and Nedić, at which time it became clear to him that Nedić couldn't handle the uprising. Danckelmann wanted Italian troops to help crush uprising, however Nedić insisted that only German troops could hold 'peace in Serbia'. Italians were hesitant to send them because hesitant to help, because of problems in their own occupied territories.
During Danckelmann's rule, the Serbian population was terrorized in an effort to put down the uprising, while Nedić's government existed as helper to the occupier. Five 'patriots' were hanged as an example on August 17. Twenty-one people were executed and 50 were arrested for the killing of a German postman between September 1 and 3 in Belgrade. 290 hostages were executed during on September 16–17. Similar crimes happened in Serbian interior too, such as killing 20 near Bogatić. Danckelmann also enlarged the jurisdiction of Banjica concentration camp to the entire area of occupied Serbia, whereas it had previously been seen as limited to Belgrade. Franz Böhme took over from Danckelmann as commander of occupied Serbia on September 19.
Danckelmann was sentenced to death and executed for war crimes in Yugoslavia in 1947.
# Heinrich Becker

Heinrich Becker (1770–1822) was a German actor l. His true surname was reportedly Blumenthal.

## Biography

He was born at Berlin, and obtained, while quite a young man, an appointment in the court theatre at Weimar, at that time under Goethe's auspices. The poet recognized his talent, appointed him stage manager, entrusted him with several of the leading roles in his dramas and consulted him in all matters connected with the staging of his plays.
For many years Becker was the favourite of the Weimar stage, and although he was at his best in comedy, he played, to Goethe's great satisfaction, Vansen in Egmont, and was also seen to great advantage in the leading parts of several of Schiller's plays; notably Burleigh in Maria Stuart, Karl Moor in Die Räuber, and Antonio in Torquato Tasso.
Becker left Weimar in the spring of 1809, played for a short time at Hamburg (under Schröder) and at Breslau, and then began a wandering life, now joining travelling companies, now playing at provincial theatres. Broken in health and ruined in fortune he returned in 1820 to Weimar, where he was again cordially received by Goethe, who reinstated him at the theatre. After playing for two years with indifferent success, he died at Weimar in 1822.
Becker was twice married. His first wife, Christiane, was also an actor.
# Helen Bullock (historian)

Helen Duprey Bullock (1905 – 1 November 1995) was a historian whose work focused on the cuisine and architecture of the early United States.

## Life

Helen Claire Duprey Bullock was born in Oakland, California. In the 1920s and 1930s, she worked at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation as an archivist. Her first book The Williamsburg Art of Cookery was published in 1938 and helped launch the study of American culinary history as a field. In the 1940s, Bullock worked for the Library of Congress and catalogued the papers of Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln. She later worked for the National Trust for Historic Preservation. At the National Trust, she served as editor and wrote articles for the organization's magazine, Historical Report. Starting in the 1950s and working with the Trust's first director, Frederick L. Rath, Bullock was involved with the publication for 20 years. Bullock was an honorary member of the American Institute of Architects and an honorary trustee of the United States Capitol Historical Society.
Described by the New York Times as "the nation's leading authority on open-hearth cooking," Bullock was a historical consultant for several cookbooks including The American Heritage Cookbook, the First Ladies' Cookbook and Mary and Vincent Price Present A National Treasury of Cookery, all published in the 1960s. She worked as a visiting lecturer at Columbia University, the University of Virginia, Cornell University, and Virginia Polytechnic University.
Bullock retired in 1973 and died in Washington, D.C., of sepsis on November 1, 1995, at the age of 90. Her papers are held at the Schlesinger Library at Harvard University.

## Publications

* The Williamsburg Art of Cookery (1938)
* My Head and My Heart: A Little History of Thomas Jefferson and Maria Cosway(1945)
# Ronald Graafland

Ronald Graafland (Dutch pronunciation:; born 30 April 1979 in Rotterdam) is a retired Dutch footballer who played for Feyenoord, Excelsior, Vitesse and Ajax.

## Honours
### Club

Feyenoord
* Eredivisie (1): 1998–99
# Helmick, Ohio

Helmick is an unincorporated community in Coshocton County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A post office called Helmick was in operation between 1862 and 1925. The community was named for William Helmick (1817–1888), a U.S. Representative from Ohio.
# Heinz Golinski

Heinz Golinski (11 July 1919 – 16 October 1942) was a German fighter pilot in the Luftwaffe during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
Golinski was born on 11 July 1919 in Nordstemmen and was posted as an Unteroffizier to 3./Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53) in the autumn of 1941, operating over the German Bight and over Malta. He then served as a test pilot with Messerschmitt. In August 1942, Golinski joined I./JG 53 on the Eastern Front. He claimed his first victory on 28 July 1942, an R-5 biplane. During August, he claimed 17 victories. Golinski claimed 27 victories in September. In late September, I./JG 53 transferred to the Mediterranean.
On 16 October 1942, Golinski shot down a Spitfire. However, another Spitfire attacked him and his Bf 109 G-2 crashed killing Golinski. It is thought Golinski was the victim of Canadian ace F/L Henry Wallace "Wally" McLeod of No. 1435 Squadron RCAF. Golinski was posthumously awarded the Deutsches Kreuz in Gold on 5 November, and the Ritterkreuz on 30 December.

## Awards

* Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe on 26 October 1942 as Unteroffizier and pilot
* German Cross in Gold on 5 November 1942 as Unteroffizier in the I./JG 53
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 30 December 1942 (posthumous) as Unteroffizier and pilot in the 3./JG 53
# Helen Lengfeld

Helen Lengfeld was an American golfer and founder of the California Women's Amateur Championship.
Lengfeld learned to play golf starting at the age of eight, playing at the Raymond Hotel while vacationing with her parents. In 1926, Lengfeld help found the Women’s Golf Association of Northern California, winning its first tournament the following year.
During World War II, Lengfeld organized 400 voluntary services groups for women across the United States. She organized several amateur golf tournaments in her life, including the California Women's Amateur Championship, presenting the idea to S.F.B. Morse. She also founded the junior version of the tournament. She was also named one of the five most influential women in golf by Golf Digest.
Lengfeld died in 1986 at the age of 88.
# Roscoe B. Stephenson Jr.

Roscoe Bolar Stephenson Jr. (February 22, 1922 – May 30, 2011) was an American jurist from Virginia. He was born at Covington, Virginia. He attended the public schools of Alleghany County, Virginia, and received both his B.A. (1943) and his J.D. (1947) from Washington and Lee University. After being admitted to the bar in 1947, he practiced law in Covington for twenty-six years. From 1952 to 1964, he served as Commonwealth's Attorney for Alleghany County. On July 12, 1973, he was elected as a judge for the Twenty-Fifth Judicial Circuit. He stayed in that position until he was elected to the Supreme Court of Virginia in February 1981. Justice Stephenson retired from active service in 1997, but continued his service to the Court as a Senior Justice until mid-2010. Justice Stephenson died on May 30, 2011, in Covington, Virginia.
# Hemipilia gonggashanica

Hemipilia gonggashanica is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to south-central China (south-western Sichuan).

## Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1984 by Kai Yung Lang, as Amitostigma gonggashanicum. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2014 found that species of Amitostigma, Neottianthe and Ponerorchis were mixed together in a single clade, making none of the three genera monophyletic as then circumscribed. Amitostigma and Neottianthe were subsumed into Ponerorchis, with this species then becoming Ponerorchis gonggashanica. The genus Ponerorchis has since been synonymized with the genus Hemipilia, resulting in the present name.
# Hemipilia crassicalcarata

Hemipilia crassicalcarata is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to China.
# Roshanak Wardak

Roshanak Wardak (Pashto: روشنک وردگ; Dari: روشنک وردگ; born 1962) is an Afghan gynaecologist and former politician from Maidan Wardak Province. In 2021, she was named as one of the BBC's 100 Women, alongside fifty other Afghan women.

## Medical career

During the Afghan Civil War in the early 1990s, during which her father was killed, Wardak was a refugee in Pakistan, where she offered medical support to fellow refugees. Wardak later returned to Afghanistan and started practicing gynaecology in 1996 after hearing that over 40 women had died in childbirth in her native Maidan Wardak Province. She opened her first clinic that year, shortly before the start of the Taliban regime. During this period, Wardak was the only female doctor practicing in Maidan Wardak Province; she further challenged norms by refusing to wear the burqa, while still adhering to Islamic dress codes. Wardak resumed her full-time work as a doctor after her political career ended in 2010.

## Political career

Wardak's father and grandfather had both been local politicians, and in the 2005 parliamentary election Wardak stood as an independent candidate, and was elected as a member of the House of the People for Maidan Wardak Province. During her time as an MP, Wardak was critical of Western military intervention in Afghanistan, and supported forming relationships with the Taliban to come to more lasting agreements and to prevent further conflict. She also praised elements of the Taliban government in place during the late 1990s, including the level of security they brought to the country; she was more critical of the subsequent Taliban insurgency, which she likened to a group of criminals. Wardak has also criticised the Taliban for its stance on female education, commenting in 2010 that Maidan Wardak Province had no girls' schools in its Pashtun districts where support for the Taliban was highest. Wardak continued working part-time as a doctor at a hospital in Saydabad during her tenure as an MP. Following the 2010 parliamentary election, Wardak stopped being an MP; during the election campaign she had received threats from Taliban officials, and accused other candidates of ballot stuffing.
Wardak initially praised the Taliban's return to power following the fall of Kabul in August 2021, considering the previous government led by Ashraf Ghani to have been corrupt. She has since become more critical of the regime, particularly with regards to its position on girls education, and has advocated publicly for the reopening of girls' schools throughout the country.

## Personal life

Wardak was born and raised in Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan. As of 2021, Wardak is unmarried and lives in Saydabad, where she operates a private clinic.

## Recognition

She was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women of 2021.
# Ropelength

In physical knot theory, each realization of a link or knot has an associated ropelength. Intuitively this is the minimal length of an ideally flexible rope that is needed to tie a given link, or knot. Knots and links that minimize ropelength are called ideal knots and ideal links respectively.

## Definition

The ropelength of a knotted curve $C$ is defined as the ratio $L(C)=\operatorname {Len} (C)/\tau (C)$, where $\operatorname {Len} (C)$ is the length of $C$ and $\tau (C)$ is the knot thickness of $C$.
Ropelength can be turned into a knot invariant by defining the ropelength of a knot $K$ to be the minimum ropelength over all curves that realize $K$.

## Ropelength minimizers

One of the earliest knot theory questions was posed in the following terms:
In terms of ropelength, this asks if there is a knot with ropelength $12$. The answer is no: an argument using quadrisecants shows that the ropelength of any nontrivial knot has to be at least $15.66$. However, the search for the answer has spurred research on both theoretical and computational ground. It has been shown that for each link type there is a ropelength minimizer although it may only be of differentiability class $C^{1}$. For the simplest nontrivial knot, the trefoil knot, computer simulations have shown that its minimum ropelength is at most 16.372.

## Dependence on crossing number

An extensive search has been devoted to showing relations between ropelength and other knot invariants such as the crossing number of a knot. For every knot $K$, the ropelength of $K$ is at least proportional to $\operatorname {Cr} (K)^{3/4}$, where $\operatorname {Cr} (K)$ denotes the crossing number. There exist knots and links, namely the $(k,k-1)$ torus knots and $k$-Hopf links, for which this lower bound is tight. That is, for these knots (in big O notation), $L(K)=O(\operatorname {Cr} (K)^{3/4}).$
On the other hand, there also exist knots whose ropelength is larger, proportional to the crossing number itself rather than to a smaller power of it. This is nearly tight, as for every knot, $L(K)=O(\operatorname {Cr} (K)\log ^{5}(\operatorname {Cr} (K))).$ The proof of this near-linear upper bound uses a divide-and-conquer argument to show that minimum projections of knots can be embedded as planar graphs in the cubic lattice. However, no one has yet observed a knot family with super-linear dependence of length on crossing number and it is conjectured that the tight upper bound should be linear.
# Helpmann Award for Best Contemporary Concert Presentation

The Helpmann Award for Best Contemporary Concert Presentation was an award, presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA) at the annual Helpmann Awards from 2003-2004. The award was first presented in 2003, as an award for a concert presentation but was split into three categories in 2004, for concerts in arena's, stadium's and theatre's. The awards were replaced by the awards for Best Australian Contemporary Concert, Best Contemporary Music Festival and Best International Contemporary Concert. In the following list winners are listed first and marked in gold, in boldface, and the nominees are listed below with no highlight.

## Winners and nominees

* Source:

### Best Contemporary Music Concert Presentation

| Year | Artist(s)/Event | Production company(ies) |
| 2003 (3rd) | Soweto Gospel Choir | International Concert Attractions and Hocking & Vigo |
| 2003 (3rd) | Women in Voice 11 | Queensland Performing Arts Centre, Folk Federation and Annie Peterson |
| 2003 (3rd) | Fiddlers' Bid | Melbourne Festival and National Partners |
| 2003 (3rd) | George and special guest Jon Lord with the Sydney Symphony | Sydney Festival and Sydney Opera House in association with Sydney Symphony |

### Best Contemporary Concert Presentation – Arena

| Year | Artist(s) and Event | Production company(ies) |
| 2004 (4th) | Rolling Stones – Licks World Tour 2003 at Sydney SuperDome | Dainty Consolidated Entertainment and Clear Channel Entertainment |
| 2004 (4th) | Australian Idol Live | Michael Chugg Entertainment, Talentworks and Jack Utsick Presents |
| 2004 (4th) | Pink – Try This Tour 2004 | Michael Coppel Presents |
| 2004 (4th) | David Bowie – A Reality Tour at Sydney Entertainment Centre | Dainty Consolidated Entertainment and Clear Channel Entertainment |

### Best Contemporary Concert Presentation – Stadium

| Year | Artist(s)/Event | Production company(ies) |
| 2004 (4th) | Big Day Out | Creative Festival Entertainment |
| 2004 (4th) | Robbie Williams | Michael Chugg Entertainment and Jack Utsick Presents |
| 2004 (4th) | Melbourne International Music and Blues Festival | Michael Chugg Entertainment, Definitive Events and Talentworks |

### Best Contemporary Concert Presentation – Theatre

| Year | Artist(s) and Event | Production company(ies) |
| 2004 (4th) | Rolling Stones – Licks World Tour 2003 at Enmore Theatre | Dainty Consolidated Entertainment and Clear Channel Entertainment |
| 2004 (4th) | Sarah McLachlan – Afterglow Tour 2004 | Michael Coppel Presents |
| 2004 (4th) | Taraf de Haïdouks | Sydney Festival |
| 2004 (4th) | Tony Bennett and k.d. lang: The Wonderful World Tour at the Sydney Opera House | Dainty Consolidated Entertainment |