OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pittosporum undulatum

Pittosporum undulatum is a fast-growing tree in the family Pittosporaceae. It is sometimes also known as sweet pittosporum, native daphne, Australian cheesewood, Victorian box or mock orange.
P. undulatum has become invasive in parts of Australia where it is not indigenous. It is also highly invasive in South Africa, the Caribbean, Hawaii, the Azores and southern Brazil.

## Description

Pittosporum undulatum grows as a shrub or small tree to 15 m (49 ft) tall. Its evergreen leaves are lance-shaped (lanceolate), with wavy (undulating) margins. It carries conspicuous orange woody fruits about 1 cm in diameter for several months after flowering in spring or early summer.

## Taxonomy

French botanist Étienne Pierre Ventenat described Pittosporum undulatum in 1802.

## Distribution and habitat

Originally Pittosporum undulatum grew in moist areas on the Australian east coast, where its natural range was from south-east Queensland to eastern Victoria, but has increased its range since European settlement.

## Ecology

Likely pollinators of its flowers are moths and butterflies, as the flower produces a fragrant perfume at night. The fruit are eaten by currawongs, red-whiskered bulbuls, Indian mynahs and grey-headed flying fox. Seed is dispersed in bird faeces.

## Invasive species

According to the Australasian Virtual Herbarium, the earliest-known record of P. undulatum is from Port Jackson, Sydney, in 1803. However, its status around the Sydney area is contentious. Even though it is native to the region, it has spread to soils and bushland where it wasn't found before European settlement, often out-competing other plants.
P. undulatum is the most invasive tree species in the Azores, and has spread through most of the mid- to low-altitude forests, out-shading and replacing native trees, such as Myrica faya and Laurus azorica.
P. undulatum has done especially well in areas where the environment has been altered by humans – for example by habitat fragmentation weakening other natives, due to fertilizer runoff from homes increasing soil nutrients, and by the suppression of bushfires near suburbs. Unlike most natives, it takes advantage of high nutrient levels and its seeds can germinate without needing fire. That has led to the species sometimes receiving the "invasive" label, although some think that it is merely returning to areas where it grew before people arrived in Australia and began burning the environment far beyond that which previously occurred.
Recommended control measures have included the identification and selective removal of female trees to prevent spread, as well as careful burning, where possible, together with follow-up weeding.

## Gallery

* Detail of flowers
* Pittosporum undulatum flower closeup
* Pittosporum undulatum c. 1860
* P. undulatum in the Oxley Wild Rivers National Park
# Platylepas

Platylepas is a genus of barnacles in the family Platylepadidae of the subphylum Crustacea.

## Species

Species within the genus Platylepas recognised by the World Register of Marine Species include:
* Platylepas coriacea Monroe & Limpus, 1979
* Platylepas decorata Darwin, 1854
* Platylepas hexastylos (Fabricius, 1798)
* Platylepas indicus Daniel, 1958
* Platylepas krugeri (Krüger, 1912)
* Platylepas multidecorata Daniel, 1962
* Platylepas ophiophila Lanchester, 1902
* Platylepas wilsoni Ross, 1963
* † Platylepas mediterranea Collareta et al., 2019
# Platylepas ophiophila

Platylepas ophiophila, commonly known as the sea snake barnacle, is a species of barnacle in the family Platylepadidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific Ocean where it lives as a epibiont of a sea snake.

## Ecology

Platylepas ophiophila is found living in association with several species of sea snake as an ectosymbiont. The barnacle adheres to the snake's skin, and has ribs that penetrate the snake's skin to make the attachment more secure. Nevertheless, the barnacle usually becomes detached when the snake sheds its skin. Barnacles breed by internal fertilisation, so individuals of this species have to be located adjacent to another individual in order to reproduce. Despite the fact that sea snakes are mobile and generally solitary, about half the sea snakes support barnacles. The barnacle may have adopted this lifestyle as a result of intense competition for space on coral reefs, rocks and other hard substrates; the advantages for the barnacle are freedom from predators, freedom from competitors, mobility, a feeding current, and possibly food fragments discarded by its host.
This species of barnacle is short-lived because it dies when the sea snake sheds its skin; as the skin is sloughed every four to six weeks, it is presumed that the barnacle completes its life cycle within this period. When fixed to the spine-bellied sea snake (Lapemis hardwickii) the output of eggs is relatively small, and this may be an adaptation to the mode of life of its host. Another barnacle, Octolasmis warwickii adheres to the slipper lobster (Thenus orientalis); it also dies when its host sheds its skin, but it has a much larger output of eggs.
# Pleurotomella fragilis

Pleurotomella fragilis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Eocene strata in Île-de-France, France.
# Playboy Automobile Company

Playboy Motor Car Corporation was a Buffalo, New York-based automobile company, established in 1947. Playboy offered a small, one seating row convertible, which was one of the first to come standard from factory with a multi-part, retractable hardtop.
The company only made 99 cars including 1 prototype, 97 finished serial numbered production cars, as well as 1 unfinished car numbered 98 which has survived with zero miles on the odometer (99 cars total), before going bankrupt in 1951.

## The company

Company founder Lou Horwitz was a Packard dealer who after World War 2 saw a need for a new smaller car for postwar America, a cheaper car than the Packards he sold. It would be built from outsourced parts and cost around $900. Horwitz recruited friends Norm Richardson (a skilled mechanic) and Charlie Thomas (a former Pontiac engineer). In the wake of Preston Tucker's bad press they had difficulty forming a dealer network, and only finished 97 production cars before declaring bankruptcy in 1951.

## The Playboy convertible prototype

The original prototype shares the same general shape as the production model, but features a rear mounted engine layout and a soft folding top.

### The Playboy prototype today

It is owned and has been restored by company founder Lou Horwitz's grandson David Kaplan. According to Kaplan, "The black one never had an official number. When I restored it I put a PR on it for prototype." and "I finished it in the early '90s and I don't drive it much but I do drive it."

## The Playboy convertible production model

The Playboy had a 40 hp (30 kW) Continental four-cylinder sidevalve engine driving a three-speed manual transmission. It would get 35 mpg$_{‑US}$ (6.7 L/100 km; 42 mpg$_{‑imp}$). It would accelerate from 0-30 mph (48 km/h) in six seconds, and 0-50 mph (80 km/h) in 17 seconds. Advertised top speed was 75 mph (121 km/h).
With a 90 in (2,286 mm) wheelbase (10 in (254 mm)) less than the Rambler American), the Playboy measured 156 in (3,962 mm) long overall, and was priced at just US$985. It ran on 12-inch-diameter (30 cm) rims, and weighed 1,900 lb (860 kg). It was offered as a three-passenger convertible with a folding steel top. (A station wagon was planned, but never built.)
Under-capitalized, Playboy could not compete with better-financed companies offering more conventional cars.

## Playboy cars today

Of 97 production cars sold, only about 43 are believed to survive today. Five (including the prototype) are owned by David Kaplan, grandson of company founder Lou Horwitz. Today Kaplan is an authority on his grandfather's car.
# Placido Scoppa

Placido Scoppa, C.R. (10 October 1640 – December 1710) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop (Personal Title) of Venosa (1699–1710) and Archbishop of Dubrovnik (1693–1699).

## Biography

Placido Scoppa was born in Messina, Italy on 10 October 1640 and ordained a priest in the Congregation of Clerics Regular of the Divine Providence on 12 October 1664. On 8 June 1693, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent XII as Archbishop of Dubrovnik. On 14 June 1693, he was consecrated bishop by Pier Matteo Petrucci, Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello, with Giuseppe Felice Barlacci, Bishop Emeritus of Narni, and Francesco Maria Moles, Bishop of Nola, serving as co-consecrators. On 11 April 1699, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent XII as Archbishop (Personal Title) of Venosa. He served as Archbishop (Personal Title) of Venosa until his death in December 1710.

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:
* Filippo Anastasio, Archbishop of Sorrento (1699);
* Francesco Girgenti, Bishop of Patti (1699);
* Giuseppe Falces, Bishop of Pozzuoli (1699); and
* Vincenzo Corcione, Bishop of Capaccio (1699).
# Mi-jung

Mi-jung, also spelled Mi-jeong, is a Korean feminine given name. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 33 hanja with the reading "mi" and 75 hanja with the reading "jung" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.
People with this name include:
* Mi-Jung Lee (born 1966), South Korean-born Canadian television news anchor
* Park Mi-jeong (born 1968), South Korean rower
* Kim Mi-jung (judoka, born 1971), South Korean judoka who competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics
* Kim Mi-jung (fencer) (born 1977), South Korean fencer
* Kim Mi-jung (sport shooter) (born 1977), South Korean sport shooter
* Jin Mi-jung (born 1978), South Korean basketball player
* Kim Mi-jung (judoka, born 1978), South Korean judoka who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics
* Kim Mi-jung (racewalker) (born 1979), South Korean race walker
* Seo Mi-jung (born 1980), South Korean foil fencer
* Nam Gyu-ri (born Nam Mi-jeong, 1985), South Korean actress
* M. J. Hur (Korean name Hur Mi-jung, born 1989), South Korean golfer
# Affan

Affan (Arabic: عفّان) is an Arabic masculine given name meaning "chaste, modest, virtuous, pure". People named Affan include:
* Affan ibn Abi al-'As, relative of Islamic prophet Muhammad
* Affan Mitul, Bangladeshi film actor
* Affan Khan (born 2007), Indian actor
* Affan Waheed, Pakistani actor
* Affan Yousuf (born 1994), Indian field hockey forward
* Aban bin Uthman bin Affan (died 723), Muslim historian and scholar
* Uthman ibn Affan (576–656), a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
# Paralamiodorcadion schmidi

Paralamiodorcadion schmidi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Paralamiodorcadion. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1967.
# Oliver Leland Loring

Oliver Leland Loring (January 5, 1904 - November 3, 1979) was bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Maine, serving from 1941 to 1968.

## Biography

Oliver Leland Loring was born in Newtonville, Massachusetts, the son of the Reverend Richard Tuttle Loring and Mary Leland Loring. His brother was Richard T. Loring, who became Bishop of Springfield in 1947. He was a graduate of Harvard University and the Episcopal Theological School and held honorary doctoral degrees from Bowdoin College and the General Theological Seminary. Loring was ordained deacon in May, 1930 by the Bishop Julius W. Atwood and priest in May 1931 by Henry Knox Sherrill of Massachusetts. He served parishes in New Bedford and Dorchester, Massachusetts.
He was consecrated bishop of Maine in 1941. Bishop Loring was active in diocesan matters, especially youth and Christian education work. He carried this interest into his episcopate and was a key factor in the development of the diocesan camps and conferences. He was a trustee of the General Seminary and served as the Province I representative to the National (Executive) Council. On February 11, 1935, he married Elizabeth Brewster. They had three children.
In May 1968, Loring resigned as bishop due to poor health.
# Omer Demeuldre

Sous lieutenant Omer Paul Demeuldre (8 March 1892—3 May 1918) Légion d'honneur, Médaille militaire, Croix de Guerre, Mentioned in Dispatches was a World War I French flying ace credited with 13 aerial victories.

## Early life

Omer Paul Demeuldre was born on 8 March 1892 in Cambrai, France.

## World War I

Demeuldre joined the French military in 1912. At the start of World War I, he was an aviation mechanic. He became an observer with Escadrille MF63, and on 7 September 1915, working the guns on a Maurice Farman, he scored his first victory. After two Mentions in Despatches, he was sent to pilot's training. He received Pilot's Brevet No. 4403 on 2 October 1916. Upon his return to his old unit as a pilot, he achieved his second win on 23 May 1917. In October 1917, he was reassigned to fly a Spad fighter with Escadrille 84. On the 30th of the month, he tallied his third triumph, which won him the Médaille militaire. Demeuldre racked three more wins in December, ending the year an ace with six victories.
Demeuldre began 1918 with a victory on 3 January. He was commissioned as Sous Lieutenant on the 25th. On 3 February, he scored twice; he scored three times more in March. His final victory came on 14 April 1918, when he sent a German two-seater reconnaissance craft crashing down over Éplessier.

## Death in action

On 3 May 1918, Omer Paul Demeuldre lost his final fight while shooting it out with a German two-seater. He was posthumously awarded the Légion d'honneur to add to the Médaille militaire and Croix de Guerre with seven palmes and two etoiles.

## Honors and awards

Text of award of Médaille militaire
Excellent noncommissioned officer. After having distinguished himself in reconnaissance and artillery spotting, he made a brilliant debut in pursuit aviation where he showed himself to be an audacious and capable pilot. On 30 October 1917, he downed his third plane which crashed in flames in the German lines. Four citations.
Text of award of Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
"An exceptional pursuit pilot whose high morals, initiative, and bravery excite the admiration and emulation of his comrades in combat. He has downed thirteen enemy planes, ten of them in four months. On 3 May 1918, he fell in an all out battle during an attack at close quarters with an enemy two-seater, leaving behind the highest example of gallantry and young ardor."

## Endnotes

* 1 2 3 4 5 Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914-1918. pp. 145–146.
* 1 2 The Aerodrome http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/france/demeuldre.php Retrieved on 11 July 2010.
# Fantastic Magic Camp

Fantastic Magic Camp is a summer day camp for children located in Austin, Texas. Founded in 1993 by two Austin-area magicians, the camp teaches magic, juggling, puppetry, and other variety arts.

## History

Magic Camp was founded in 1993 by Kent Cummins and Peter Hinrichs, aka Peter the Adequate, both professional magicians in the Austin area at the time, as Kent's "Magic Hotline" personal business. In January 2007, Kent relinquished direct personal control to a board of directors and "The Kent Cummins Magic Camp" incorporated as a Texas Non-Profit Organization, receiving IRS 501(c)(3) status later that year. Magic Camp continued as a non-profit for four years until the end of 2010, when it gave up its 501(c)(3) status and re-incorporated with a new board of directors as "Magic Camp USA, LLC" and "The Kent Cummins Magic Camp" was renamed as "Fantastic Magic Camp."

## Local involvement

The Fantastic Magic Camp maintains an active presence in the Austin magic scene. Recently, the camp provided a "day care" camp for attendees of the Texas Association of Magicians' 2010 convention, held in Austin, a booth at the first annual Austin Street Magic Festival, in addition to providing volunteers to assist with both events. Volunteers from the magic camp regularly assist with the Society of American Magicians' Ring 206's annual magic auction. In 2011, the magic camp assisted with the inaugural production of Doc Seaton's Magic Sideshow, a part of Austin's Pecan Street Festival. Additionally, the magic camp can be found at a variety of family-friendly events in the Austin area, such as Waterloo park's 5th annual Ice Cream Festival.

## Inclusion

The Fantastic Magic Camp is a fully inclusive camp, accepting any and all children regardless of special needs. Over the years, the Magic Camp has partnered with organizations such as Austin Travis County Integral Care, the Austin Police Department's Camp Apple, Easter Seals and Austin's Pecan Street Festival to bring the Magic Camp experience to the children of underprivileged communities.

## Youth Leader Training Academy (formerly Internship Program)

The Fantastic Magic Camp's counselors are exclusively former campers who elected to participate in the magic camp's internship program and attend its "Youth Leader Training Academy." The camp's staff are exclusively former team members who completed five years in the Youth Leader Training Academy. An invitation to participate in the Youth Leader Training Academy is extended to each camper once they reach 13 years of age.

## Awards

* Winner of "Small Business of the Year" from BiGAUSTIN's Creative Business Awards in 2004
* Winner of "Best Summer Camp" category of the Austin Chronicle's "Best of Austin 2010" awards.
* Winner of "Most Uniquely Austin" category of Austin, Texas Chamber of Commerce's 2012 business awards.
# Ropecon

Ropecon (Finnish pronunciation:) is a role-playing convention held annually in Finland. The convention is one of the largest non-commercial annual events of its kind, having reached a record of "over 5900" attendees in 2022. The current venue is the Messukeskus Helsinki convention centre in Helsinki, the capital city of Finland.
Ropecon hosts a wide variety of different types of games, including role-playing games, live action role-playing games, collectible card games, miniature wargames and strategy games. The event also has a range of lectures, panel discussions and other presentations covering different aspects of gaming. Past guests of honor have included several prominent game designers, such as Steve Jackson.
Ropecon is organised by the Ropecon Society, a joint venture of several Finnish role-playing associations. The practical arrangements are made by the unpaid members of an organising committee and hundreds of voluntary workers at the convention. Any profits are used to support various other role-playing activities.
The name "Ropecon" comes from the Finnish language word "roolipeli", meaning role-playing game, but is also a nod to the English language word "rope", a vital piece of equipment in classic dungeon crawl role-playing games.
The Finnish culture ministry supported Ropecon in 2013 with funding.
The 2020 and 2021 conventions were turned into online events because of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.

## List of Ropecons

| Year | Venue | Guests of honour |
| 2023 | Messukeskus Helsinki | Roman Lappat, Shut up & Sit Down Podcast |
| 2022 | Messukeskus Helsinki | Avery Alder, Vlaada Chvátil |
| 2021 | Online | |
| 2020 | Online | |
| 2019 | Messukeskus Helsinki | Lynne Hardy, Jon Hodgson |
| 2018 | Messukeskus Helsinki | Alex Roberts |
| 2017 | Messukeskus Helsinki | Monica Valentinelli, Anna Westerling |
| 2016 | Messukeskus Helsinki | Claus Raasted, Ross Watson |
| 2015 | Dipoli, Espoo | Michelle Nephew, Jason Morningstar |
| 2014 | Dipoli, Espoo | Luke Crane, Jason Soles |
| 2013 | Dipoli | Kevin Wilson, D. Vincent Baker |
| 2012 | Dipoli | Peter Adkison, Larson Kasper |
| 2011 | Dipoli | Frank Mentzer, Erik Mona |
| 2010 | Dipoli | Keith Baker, Friedemann Friese |
| 2009 | Dipoli | L. Scott Johnson, Suzi Yee, Malik Hyltoft and Antti Malin |
| 2008 | Dipoli | Greg Stolze, Chris Pramas and Peter S. Andreasen |
| 2007 | Dipoli | Robin D. Laws, Emily Care Boss and Jakob Rune Nielsen |
| 2006 | Dipoli | Kenneth Hite, Bruno Faidutti, Olle Jonsson and Tobias Wrigstad |
| 2005 | Dipoli | Greg Stafford, Bill Bridges and Claus Raasted |
| 2004 | Dipoli | John Kovalic, Erick Wujcik and Emma Wieslander |
| 2003 | Dipoli | Jonathan Tweet, Ramon Laan and Martin Ericsson |
| 2002 | Dipoli | Justin Achilli and Eirik Fatland |
| 2001 | Dipoli | N. Robin Crossby and Tuomas Pirinen |
| 2000 | Dipoli | Steve Jackson and Richard Dansky |
| 1999 | Dipoli | Mike Pondsmith and Rick Priestley |
| 1998 | Dipoli | Ray Greer and Mark Rosewater |
| 1997 | Paasitorni, Helsinki | Greg Costikyan |
| 1996 | Paasitorni | Tom Dowd and Andy Chambers |
| 1995 | Messukeskus Helsinki | Sandy Petersen |
| 1994 | Paasitorni | Steve Jackson |
# Ministry of Defence (Libya)

The Ministry of Defense is the ministry of the Government of National Unity of Libya responsible for the Libyan Armed Forces and manages the country's internal security and defense affairs.

## History
### Gaddafi era

On 14 October 1990, the General People's Committee for Defence was created by order Resolution No. 22 of the Supreme Commander of the Libyan military, Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. In 1991, the Defence Ministry ceased to exist, with Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr continuing as Secretary of the Libyan General Committee for Defence and Commander-in-Chief of the Libyan Army.

## Modern ministry
### Agencies and entities

* Military Judicial Authority
* Military Industry Authority
* Military Medical Authority
* Applied Studies and Development Authority
* Military Inspection Authority
* Services and Maintenance Center
* LMAC

### Think Tanks

* "Al-Salam" Center for Strategic Studies
* “Libya” Center for Strategic Studies
* Libyan Center for Advanced Industries

### Administrations And Offices

* Minister’s Office
* Legal Affairs Office
* Intel Office
* Internal Auditing Office
* International Cooperation Office
* Human Rights Office
* Media Office
* Monitoring Office
* Delegates Offices
* Administration of Strategic Planning
* Administration of Military Intel
* Administration of Military Affairs
* Administration of Administrative Affairs
* Administration of Human Resource
* Administration of Military Protocol
* Administration of Military Medical Services
* Administration of Financial Affairs
* Administration of Military Accounts
* Administration of Military Procurement
* Administration of Production
# Mirage (Scotch song)

"Mirage" is a song by the Italian Italo disco band Scotch.

## Background

"Mirage" was co-written by singers Vince Lancini and Fabio Margutti and producer David Zambelli.

## Track listing

* Italian 7-inch single
    A. "Mirage" – 3:55
    B. "Amor Por Victoria" – 4:30
* German 12-inch maxi single
    A. "Mirage" – 5:02
    B1. "Amor Por Victoria" – 4:49
    B2. "Mirage" (German Version) – 4:57

## Personnel

Scotch
* Vince Lancini – lead and harmony vocals
* Fabio Margutti – keyboards

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Mirage" :
| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| Italy (Musica e dischi) | 25 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 2 |
| West Germany (Official German Charts) | 56 |
# Western (surname)

Western is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Western (1923–1987), Australian rules footballer
* Andrew Western (born 1985), British politician
* Anne Western (born 1955), English politician
* Bruce Western (born 1964), Australian-born American sociologist
* Cyrus Western, American politician
* Edward Western (1845–1919), English cricketer
* Franklin Western (born 1972), basketball player
* Frederick Western (1880–1951), Anglican bishop
* Joel Western (born 2002), Australian rules footballer
* John Western (1931–2011), Australian academic and author
* Johnny Western (born 1934), American country singer-songwriter
* Jon Western (1963–2022), American political scholar
* Lucille Western (1843–1877), American stage actress
* Matt Western (born 1962), British politician
* Mike Western (1925–2008), British comics artist
* Phil Western (1971–2019), Canadian musician
* Samuel Western (1652–1699), English politician
* Thomas Western, several people