OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peary Polar Expedition Medal

The Peary Polar Expedition Medal was a commemorative medal awarded to six of the participants of the 1908–1909 Expedition to the North Pole, led by Robert Peary. Authorized by Congress in 1944, the silver medals were presented by the Secretary of the Navy.

## Establishment

The medal was established by Private Law 78-166 on January 28, 1944. The law was entitled, "An act to provide for the presentation of silver medals to certain members of the Peary Polar Expedition of 1908-1909." The law authorized the Secretary of the Navy to have made at the United States Mint, silver medals with which to reward six individuals for their service to the expedition. The medals were to be presented in the name of Congress. Absent from the list of recipients was Peary himself.

## Appearance

The medal is 1+1⁄2 inches (3.8 cm) in diameter. The obverse depicts a figure of Peary in a fur hooded parka, holding the tip of a walking pole in his right hand. Below the figure of Peary are the words in three lines: PEARY POLAR EXPEDITION 1908-09. Around the outside are the points of a compass rose with north being indicated at the top by a fleur-de-lis.
The reverse bears the eight line inscription: PRESENTED IN THE NAME OF CONGRESS IN RECOGNITION OF HIS EFFORTS AND SERVICES AS A MEMBER OF THE PEARY POLAR EXPEDITION OF 1908-09 IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND FOR THE CAUSE OF POLAR EXPLORATION BY AIDING IN THE DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH POLE BY ADMIRAL PEARY. Above the inscription is an American flag with a sled dog on either side. Below the inscription is a space to engrave the recipient's name resting on the depiction of snowshoes at the bottom.
The medal is suspended from a white ribbon with an ice-blue 1⁄4-inch (0.64 cm) stripe toward each edge.

## Recipients

The six recipients of the medal, specified in the authorizing act of Congress, were:
* Captain Robert A. Bartlett (1875–1946)
* George Borup (1885–1912)
* Dr. John Goodsell (1873–1949)
* Matthew A. Henson (1866–1955)
* Rear Admiral Donald B. MacMillan, USNR (1874–1970)
* Ross Gilmore Marvin (1880–1909)
Although eligible, Peary himself was not awarded the medal, for unknown reasons.
MacMillan and Bartlett received their medals in May 1945; Goodsell and Henson received theirs the following month. Borup's sister accepted his medal in June 1945, and Marvin's family received his medal in 1949.
# Four Quartets Prize

The Four Quartets Prize is an award of the Poetry Society of America, presented annually since 2018 in partnership with the T. S. Eliot Foundation. It is "first and foremost a celebration of the multi-part poem, which includes entire volumes composed of a unified sequence as well as novels in verse and book-length verse narratives."

## Background

The awards are named for T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets, written over a four-year period. The award recognizes the 75th anniversary of Eliot's New York publisher first collecting them in a single volume in 1943.

## Eligibility

The prize is awarded for a unified and complete sequence of poems. Examples of existing sequences that would fit the category:
* Gwendolyn Brooks, A Street in Bronzeville (1945), or The Anniad (1950)
* John Berryman, 77 Dream Poems (1964), or His Toy, His Dream, His Rest (1968)
Winners receive a prize of $20,000; three finalists (including the eventual winner) receive $1,000 apiece. The prize does not require that nominees have an existing body of work or reach a certain age.
The Four Quartets Prize was first presented in 2018 to Danez Smith for their sonnet "summer, somewhere."

## Four Quartets winners and finalists

Winners are listed first, highlighted and with a double dagger.
| Year | Poet | Work |
| 2019 | ‡Dante Micheaux | The Circus |
| 2019 | Catherine Barnett | "Accursed Questions" from Human Hours |
| 2019 | Meredith Stricker | anemochore |
| 2018 | ‡Danez Smith | "summer, somewhere" from Don't Call Us Dead |
| 2018 | Geoffrey G. O'Brien | "Experience in Groups" from Experience in Groups |
| 2018 | Kathleen Peirce | Vault: a poem |
# Peddapappur

Peddapappur is a village in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Peddapappur mandal in Anantapur revenue division.
# Pennsylvania Governor's School for Information, Society & Technology

The Pennsylvania Governor's School for the Information, Society & Technology (PGSIST) is one of the Pennsylvania Governor's Schools of Excellence, a group of five-week summer programs for gifted high school students in the state of Pennsylvania.

## History and notable features

PGSIST is hosted by the iSchool at Drexel University and aims to provide participants with a strong technological foundation in conjunction with an understanding of how technology impacts society. Participants are required to be Pennsylvania high school students between their junior and senior year and must live in the dormitories for the full five weeks of the program.
Prior to 2006, PGSIST was known as the Pennsylvania Governor's School for Information Technology (PGSIT) and jointly sponsored by both Drexel University and Pennsylvania State University.
Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell has proposed cutting fund for all the PGSEs, including PGSIST, from the 2009-2010 budget.

## Curriculum

The program is roughly divided into two halves. The first half of the program consists of core courses which all students must take, such as programming, ethics, and database design.
The second half of the program consists of what are known as "tracks"; students are assigned to a track based on their preferences and space availability, and they spend the entire academic day studying that particular area.
In the past, tracks have included topics such as Networking and Distributed Computing, Advanced Programming, and E-Commerce, but tracks change from year to year. In addition to coursework, participants are required to complete a project; the project begins shortly after the program starts and commences on the final day with presentations. Several projects from 2005 are described in a Drexel University Press Release.
# Forter

Forter is a software as a service (SaaS) company that unifies identity protection, payments optimization and fraud prevention in a single consumer authentication platform. The company's technology applies artificial intelligence and machine learning to pinpoint the identity behind any digital commerce interaction. This ensures that good consumers can complete their transactions, while fraudsters and serial abusers are blocked. Since the company's founding in 2013, Forter has decisioned more than $1 trillion in digital commerce transactions and amassed a dataset of more than 1.5 billion online identities.

## History

The company was founded in 2013 by software engineers who formerly worked at Fraud Sciences, which was bought and integrated into PayPal in 2008. Before working at Fraud Sciences, the founders served in the Israeli Army's Intelligence unit. In 2023, Forter acquired Israel start-up Immue, and integrated its bot detection and mitigation capabilities into its core platform.

## Funding

Forter's funding includes a combined $525 million from Sequoia Capital, Scale Venture Partners, New Enterprise Associates, March Capital Partners, and Salesforce Ventures.

## Technology

According to specialists, the challenge to online retailers seeking to prevent online fraud is to be able to assess the customer's trustworthiness in real-time without blocking a legitimate sale or delaying it so long the customer abandons the purchase. In its 2018 analysis of the online fraud detection and prevention, SaaS firms that included both established and newer firms (SAS and Feedzai, e.g.), Gartner Group categorized Forter's technology as fraud analytics. This includes behavioral analysis of customers' established shopping patterns, soft linking (the ability to trace relationships between users even when no overt information is shared) and other techniques. Forter offers clients the option of full restitution in the event of a chargeback.
# Fossarina

Fossarina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Trochidae, the top shells.
The genus Fossarina was moved from the family Fossariidae to the newly created subfamily Fossarininae within the family Trochidae by Williams et al. in 2010.

## Description

The shell is auriform, a little depressed and narrowly umbilicated. The spire is short. The oval aperture is oblique. The lips are rounded. The operculum is multispiral.

## Distribution

This marine genus occurs off Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand; in the East China Sea.

## Species

Species within the genus Fossarina include:
* Fossarina legrandi Petterd, 1879
* Fossarina patula A. Adams & Angas, 1863
* Fossarina petterdi Crosse, 1870
* Fossarina picta A. Adams, 1867
* Fossarina reedi (Verco, 1907)
* Fossarina rimata (Hutton, 1884)
The Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database also mentions the following species:
* Fossarina mariei (P. Fischer, 1890)
* Fossarina variegata (A. Adams, 1855)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Fossarina brazieri Angas, 1871: synonym of Fossarina patula A. Adams & Angas, 1863
* Fossarina funiculata Tenison-Woods, 1880: synonym of Fossarina patula A. Adams & Angas, 1863
* Fossarina hoffmeisteri Ladd, 1966: synonym of Calliotrochus marmoreus (Pease, 1861)
* Fossarina mutabilis May W.L., 1909: synonym of Risellopsis mutabilis May, 1909
* Fossarina reedi (Verco, 1907): synonym of Minopa reedi (Verco, 1907)
* Fossarina simpsoni Tenison-Woods, 1876: synonym of Fossarina petterdi Crosse, 1870
# Fossane

Fossane may refer to:
* fossa, (the animal)
* Fossane, a locality in Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
# Four nation bandy tournament in 1954

Four nation bandy tournament in 1954 was a tournament of friendlies played in Moscow, Soviet Union, in February 1954, contested by Finland, Norway, the Soviet Union and Sweden. Sweden won the tournament.
The Soviet Union invited the other three countries after having seen them playing at the Winter Olympics in Oslo in 1952. The tournament can be seen as a form of unofficial pre-World Championships. The four countries used somewhat different rules prior to this tournament, but the rules were adjusted for consistency for the future.
The next year, the four countries formally founded the international bandy governing body, which would arrange the Bandy World Championships from 1957 onwards.

## Matches

* 24 February 1954: Soviet Union - Finland 2-1 (0-1), Moscow, Soviet Union
* 24 February 1954: Sweden - Norway 4-0 (1-0), Moscow, Soviet Union
* 26 February 1954: Soviet Union - Norway 8-0 (6-0), Moscow, Soviet Union
* 26 February 1954: Sweden - Finland 4-4 (3-2), Moscow, Soviet Union
* 28 February 1954: Finland - Norway 2-0, Moscow, Soviet Union
* 28 February 1954: Sweden - Soviet Union 2-1 (2-1), Moscow, Soviet Union

## Final results

| Land | Pld | W | D | L | GS | GA | Pts |
| Sweden | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
| Soviet Union | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 3 | 4 |
| Finland | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 3 |
| Norway | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
# Four of Cups

The Four of Cups is a Minor Arcana tarot card.
Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games. In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes.
# Pemberton Point

Pemberton Point (formerly known as Windmill Point) is a peninsula in Hull, Massachusetts. It is located at the tip of the Nantasket Peninsula, in Boston Harbor.

## History

Historic manuscripts have called the location "Windmill Point" since the 1820s. The windmills for which the point were named were used by two brothers to pump seawater into vats to be used for harvesting salt. The salt would then be used to pack fish.
On July 13, 1909, fourteen-year-old Rosie Pitenhof swam across the Hull Gut from Peddocks Island to Pemberton Point and back, believed to be the first to do so.
Hull High School, the town's public high school, opened on the point in 1957.

## Wind turbines

An Enertech 40 kW wind turbine was installed on Pemberton Point and started energy production in March 1985. The turbine was funded by the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources, and was sited adjacent to the high school. It was damaged beyond repair by a storm in March 1997, and was removed after a new wind turbine, nicknamed "Hull Wind 1", was installed nearby at the end of 2001.

### Hull Wind 1

Hull Wind 1, a new Vestas V47 turbine capable of producing 660 kW, began producing power on Pemberton Point in December 2001. It stands 150 feet (46 m) tall. It is the first commercial wind turbine on the East Coast of the United States and in the whole of New England. It is also the first commercial urban turbine in North America. During its first year of operation, it saved Hull over $100,000. In 2003, planning began for an additional wind turbine known as "Hull Wind 2". It was initially suggested that it be located near Hull Wind 1, but after concerns were expressed by nearby residents over having two in close proximity, the new Vestas V80 1.8 MW wind turbine was installed on a landfill to the east, away from Pemberton Point, and began operation in May 2006.

## Facilities

The United States Coast Guard Station Point Allerton was built in 1969 and is located near the point. It was commissioned on April 18, 1970. Point Allerton Lifesaving Station, which opened on October 15, 1889, used to hold the United States Coast Guard before the present station was built.
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority runs boats from Pemberton Point to both Long Wharf and Logan Airport.
Pemberton Point Pier is a popular fishing location.
# Pepper-spray projectile

A pepper-spray projectile, also called a pepper-spray ball, pepper-ball, pepper bomb, or pepper-spray pellet, is a frangible projectile containing a powdered chemical that irritates the eyes and nose in a manner similar to pepper spray. These projectiles are fired from specially designed forced compliance weapons or modified paintball guns.

## Description

A pepper-spray projectile may be a sphere, hence the name pepper-ball, but it may also come in other shapes. The irritant payload may differ from product to product but is usually a powder, less frequently a liquid, gas or aerosol. Some companies offer different substances as payload for their projectiles and launcher systems, so potential sellers can choose a substance that is certified for use in their country. Also, projectiles with an inert dummy payload are often offered, for training and testing purposes.
A powder called PAVA (capsaicin II) pepper is often used. PAVA is a capsaicinoid that can be synthesized for cheaper than grown peppers, although it is also found in nature.
Pepper-spray weapons systems are used by law enforcement, military and other organizations, and individuals. The weapon is used generally in the role of stand-off weapons, where physical proximity to a suspect is deemed dangerous but deadly force is not warranted. The systems are not limited to classic standoff situations and allow agents to apply as many rounds as required to bring individual suspects, multiple suspects, or crowds into compliance.

## Other uses

The projectile is usually sold to be used with a launcher or gun by the same company, to provide best reliability. The different companies usually also sell other types of projectiles for non-lethal use or projectiles with combined effects. Such effects may include:
* break glass and disperse barricades
* mark suspects for later round-ups
* force of impact effect

## Lethality

Although generally considered less-than-lethal when properly used (targets should exclude the face, eyes, throat or spine), one death has occurred when they have been fired at inappropriate areas. In one well-publicized incident in 2004, the Boston Police Department's use of an FN 303 during a crowd control situation resulted in the fatal shooting of Victoria Snelgrove, when the projectile struck her in the eye. Also in 2004, University of California, Davis (UC Davis) police who wanted to break up a block party shot a pepperball at an unarmed student and damaged his eye—the student subsequently lost his athletic scholarship and dropped out of college. In 2012, a federal appeals court ruled that the police could be sued over the incident. In 2013, the student was awarded $774,000.
# Percy Bowers

The Venerable Percy Harris Bowers (1856–1922) was an eminent Anglican priest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Bowers was born at Swinton, Lancashire, and baptised 30 July 1856. He was educated at The Forest School and St John's College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1880. Ordained in 1880, he was Rector of Market Bosworth from 1886 and then Rural Dean of Sparkenhoe; and an Honorary Canon of Peterborough from 1913. He was the second Archdeacon of Loughborough and Warden of the Mission Clergy of the Diocese of Peterborough.
# Pennsylvania LGBT Equality Caucus

The Pennsylvania LGBT Equality Caucus is an organization of sitting members of the Pennsylvania General Assembly who are in favor of equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Pennsylvanians. It was formed on December 19, 2011, with Representatives Dan Frankel and Babette Josephs serving as the first co-chairs, and is open to all sexual orientations and gender identities.
Ironically, unlike other LGBT-focused caucuses in other state or federal legislatures which are formed around openly LGBT sitting legislators (i.e., the LGBT Equality Caucus in the U.S. Congress), the Pennsylvania was formed without any openly LGBT sitting legislators, as none had yet been elected to political positions at the time of its formation.
The caucus now has two out members. They are Rep. Brian Sims (D – 182) and Rep. Mike Fleck (R – 81). Sims became the first openly gay man to be elected to the General Assembly in November 2012; Mike Fleck, an incumbent, came out after the election.

## Members

As of May 2013, 58 members of Pennsylvania General Assembly are members of the Pennsylvania LGBT Equality Caucus.
Pennsylvania House of Representatives:
* Brendan F. Boyle (D–District 170)
* Kevin J. Boyle (D–District 172)
* Matthew Bradford (D–District 70)
* Tim Briggs (D–District 149)
* Vanessa L. Brown (D–District 190)
* Michelle Brownlee (D–District 195)
* James Clay (D–District 179)
* Mark B. Cohen (D–District 202)
* Dom Costa (D–District 21)
* Paul Costa (D–District 34)
* Angel Cruz (D–District 180)
* Mary Jo Daley (D–District 148)
* Tina Davis (D–District 141)
* Madeleine Dean (D–District 153)
* Pamela Delissio (D–District 194)
* Frank Dermody (D–District 33) (Floor Leader)
* Dwight E. Evans (D–District 203)
* Florindo Fabrizio (D–District 2)
* Mike Fleck (R–District 81)
* Dan Frankel (D–District 23) (Co-chair) (Caucus Chairperson)
* Edward Gainey (D–District 24)
* Pat Harkins (D–District 1)
* Jordan Harris (D–District 186)
* William F. Keller (D–District 184)
* Patty Kim (D–District 103)
* Stephen Kinsey (D–District 201)
* Thaddeus Kirkland (D–District 159)
* Steven McCarter (D–District 154)
* Michael McGeehan (D–District 173)
* Daniel T. McNeill (D–District 133)
* Erin Molchany (D–District 22)
* Phyllis Mundy (D–District 120)
* Tom Murt (R–District 152)
* Michael H. O'Brien (D–District 175)
* Mark Painter (D–District 146)
* Cherelle Parker (D–District 200)
* James R. Roebuck, Jr. (D–District 188)
* L. Chris Ross (R–District 158)
* Mark Rozzi (D–District 126)
* Steve Santarsiero (D–District 31)
* Michael Scholssberg (D–District 132)
* Brian Sims (D–District 182)
* Mike Sturla (D–District 96) (Policy Committee Chairman)
* Jake Wheatley (D–District 19)
* Rosita Youngblood (D–District 198)
Pennsylvania State Senate:
* John Blake (D–District 22)
* Larry Farnese (D–District 1)
* Jim Ferlo (D–District 38)
* Vincent Hughes (D–District 7) (Appropriations Committee Chairman)
* Daylin Leach (D–District 17) (Co-chair)
* Judy Schwank (D–District 11)
* Sharif Street (D-District 3)
* Christine Tartaglione (D–District 2) (Caucus Secretary)
* Anthony H. Williams (D–District 8) (Whip)
# Percy Mackrill

Percy A. Mackrill (born 19 October 1894 – 1949) was a Cape Colony-born footballer and football club manager.

## Career

Mackrill joined Bradford Park Avenue in the summer of 1913 and remained with them until the outbreak of war, though failed to make the first team. He spent the war years playing for Rotherham County.
He joined Coventry City in the summer of 1919 as Coventry began their first season in the Football League. However, he played just once before moving to Halifax Town later that year. Halifax were elected to the football league in 1921 and Mackrill played in their first ever league game, a 2–0 defeat away to eventual runners-up Darlington on 27 August 1921.
He played 57 league games for Halifax before leaving at the end of the 1922–23 season to join Pontypridd, where he spent two years before joining Torquay United in 1925. He later became player-manager and led Torquay to the Southern League title in 1927, which they won by 0.002 of a goal from Bristol City reserves. This earned them promotion to the Football League, Torquay winning election in place of Aberdare Athletic.
He left himself out of the starting line-up at the beginning of Torquay's first league season, preferring to play George Smith at left-back. However, after six games, Mackrill returned to the team, playing in the next six games before retiring as a player to concentrate on management, although the team was actually selected by the directors. Torquay finished in last place at the end of their first season in the Division Three (South) and he left in March 1929 with United struggling near the foot of the table once more.
# Luis Parodi

Luis Parodi Valverde (12 August 1936 – 14 April 2020) was an Ecuadorian politician who served as Vice President.
# Yankee Headframe

The Yankee Headframe is a mine headframe near Eureka, Utah that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
The Yankee Consolidated mine was part of the Tintic Mining District in the 1890s, in which Jesse Knight achieved riches. It was later owned by Anaconda Copper.