OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions

Reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions, more commonly known as RABBITT or RABBIT for short, is a widely used technique for obtaining the relative phase and amplitude of attosecond pulses. This technique involves the interference of two-photon interband transitions in solids. It is especially suited for diagnostics on the temporal structure of XUV pulses. The reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions is a valuable tool for studying ultrafast processes in materials and can provide insight into the dynamics of electrons in solids.

## History

RABBITT was invented by Pierre Agostini, Harm Geert Muller and colleagues in 2001.
# Recurvaria ornatipalpella

Recurvaria ornatipalpella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in the West Indies, where it has been recorded from Grenada.
The wingspan is about 8 mm (0.31 in). The forewings are olive-grey, with a slight greenish tinge and a short black basal patch occupying the costal half, which is followed by a smaller costal patch at one-third, with a black dorsal patch a little beyond it. At the upper extremity of the latter is a round black spot on the cell, almost connected with it. Another small black costal patch lies at the commencement of the costal cilia and a round black dot beneath it at the end of the cell. A few black scales are scattered along the termen at the base of the olive-grey cilia. The hindwings are shining and grey.
# Recurvaria penetrans

Recurvaria penetrans is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Brazil (Amazonas).
The wingspan is about 9 mm. The forewings are ochreous-whitish irregularly irrorated grey and with oblique black marks from the costa at and near the base. There are small blackish tufts above and below the fold at one-fourth, and a slightly incurved very oblique black streak from the costa before the middle to the disc at three-fourths. There is also a small black tuft on the fold in the middle and small blackish opposite spots on the costa at three-fourths and the tornus. A black dot is found in the disc at four-fifths and there is an elongate inwards oblique black mark from the costa near the apex, as well as minute linear black marks on the costa posteriorly and on the termen. The hindwings are pale greyish.
# Recurvaria putella

Recurvaria putella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Panama.
The wingspan is about 7 mm. The forewings are white, strongly suffused with grey, brown, ochreous, and black scales and with a large blackish brown, dorsal blotch at the base of the wing which terminates in tufts of raised scales, the tips of which are white. There are three equidistant, blackish, costal spots, one near the base, one before the middle, and one at the apical third. A central, longitudinal, black streak is edged on both sides with ochreous and is interrupted at the apical fourth by a transverse streak of tufted whitish scales. The hindwings are dark grey. The antennae are white with sharp blackish brown.
# Gun competition

Gun competition could refer to:
* Gun shooting sports in general
* The field gun competition of the UK's Royal Navy
# Gurmou

Gurmou is a village in Kamrup rural district, in the state of Assam, India, situated in north bank of river Brahmaputra.

## Transport

The village is located north of National Highway 27 and connected to nearby towns and cities like Rangiya and Guwahati with regular buses and other modes of transportation.
# Gupteshwar Mahadev, Udaipur

Gupteshwar Mahadev is a popular temple of the lord Shiva in the Udaipur city in the state of Rajasthan, India.

## General

Gupteshwar Mahadev is a Hindu temple of Lord Shiva, situated inside a cave on the top of a hill in Titardi village near Udaipur.

## Access and Timings

The Gupteshwar Mahadev Temple is located in a remote side of the city, which is densely inhabited. Although just 8 km from city center Surajpole, and 7.5 km from Udaipur City railway station, but there is no public utility for direct access.timing for darshan is 5:00 AM to 5:00 PM Visitors need to take private vehicle, or a Taxi or Auto-Rikshaw to visit the place, ensuring return via the same. There is ample parking facility in and around the premise, which is at the bottom of the hill. From there, visitors need to talk a walk of around 800 m up the hill to visit the main temple.
# Gupte

Gupte is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Amole Gupte (born 1962) is an Indian screenwriter, actor, and director
* Avadhoot Gupte
* B.A. Gupte (1851–1925), Indian ethnographer
* Baloo Gupte (1934–2005), Indian cricket player
* Chinmay Gupte (born 1972), Indian-born English orthopaedic surgeon and cricket player
* Chitaman Gupte (1916–1994), Indian cricket player
* Lalita D. Gupte
* Mahendra Gupte (1931–2017), Indian cricket umpire
* Narayan Murlidhar Gupte (1872–1947), Indian poet and scholar
* Neelima Gupte, Indian physicist
* Partho Gupte, Indian child actor
* Prabhakar Gupte, Indian cricket player
* Rango Bapuji Gupte
* Sakharam Hari Gupte (1718–1779)
* Subhash Gupte (1929–2002), cricket player
* V. M. Gupte, Indian cricket umpire
* Vandana Gupte, Indian actress
# Gustavia gracillima

Gustavia gracillima is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
# Recast

Recast may refer to:
* Recast (comics), a Korean comic
* Recast (language teaching), a language teaching technique
* Recast (manhwa), a six-volume manhwa series
* Amazon Fire TV Recast, an over-the-air DVR
* Recasting (EU Law), a method of updating EU legislation.
# Recasting (EU law)

Recasting is a process used to update legislation in the European Union, whereby previous legislation on a topic is repealed and replaced by a single new act incorporating both the original legislation and any previous amendments to it. Unlike the similar process of codification, recasting involves making substantive changes to the text and/or amendments of previous legislation, often quite significant in scope. The recast act then goes through the legislative procedure, with special procedures agreed through a 2001 insterinstitutional agreement allowing the European Parliament and Council to focus on the elements of the text which are new or changed.
Like a great deal of other legislation, recasts are prepared by Directorate-Generals of the European Commission in consultation with the Commission Legal Service before being adopted through various legislative procedures.
Recasting can be vertical or horizontal. When vertical, one single act and its amendments are recast, while when horizontal two or more acts covering the same or related policy areas and their amendments are merged.
# Gunderson House

The Gunderson House is a historic residence located at 24 South Harvard Street in Vermillion, South Dakota. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001, due to being a notable example of Queen Anne architecture in Clay County.
The house's builder, Harvey Gunderson, moved to Dakota Territory by way of Wisconsin in 1869 and purchased a 160-acre farm in the Vermillion area. In 1895, he built this house for his family, which at the time was still on the outskirts of town. Today, Gunderson House sits near the center of Vermillion, borders the Forest Avenue Historic District, and is a few blocks from the University of South Dakota. It is still a private residence.

## Architecture

Gunderson House is a classic example of Queen Anne style architecture—and specifically, the Free Classic subtype—which was popular in the Midwest during the Late Victorian and Edwardian eras. It is two stories tall and sits on a foundation made of Sioux Quartzite. Its steep cross-gabled roof is entirely clad in asphalt shingles. Its siding was originally wooden clapboard; between 1978 and 2000, it had aluminum siding, but the wood was restored after this time. A raised porch spans the entire front façade and features paired classic columns and a simple frieze. The large picture window on the ground floor that overlooks the porch was installed in the 1960s. A chimney sits on the south side of the house, next to a large bay projection in the center of the elevation. The Gunderson family added an extension to the rear of the house in 1928. A small solarium was later added to the building in 1971. One non-contributing building, a two-port garage, was added at the rear of the property in 1990.
# Guy Smith (writer)

Guy Smith (born November 17, 1957, in Augusta, Georgia) is a writer and songwriter. Smith has published both fiction and non-fiction, and bills himself as a "writer, songwriter, and provocateur."
Smith describes a childhood that included simultaneously being a surfer and a working cowboy. His writing career began while working at Kennedy Space Center, writing articles for trade press. This led to his first book devoted to architecture of the Hewlett-Packard 3000 computer.
In San Francisco Smith began writing politically focused opinion pieces for Bay Area newspapers (San Francisco Chronicle, Oakland Tribune, Contra Costa Times). While in San Francisco he expanded into fiction, publishing his first novella (Afterlife). His speaking engagements include the Libertarian National Convention and the Gun Rights Policy Conference.

## Books published

* Guns and Control (2020, Skyhorse): ISBN 978-1510760073
* Shooting the Bull (2011, Free Thinkers Media): ISBN 978-0-9832407-0-9
* Afterlife (2009, G3 Media) ISBN 978-1-4392-3743-4
* Gun Facts (1999–2015)
* The HP3000 Bible (1988,PCI Press)

## Political observations
### Media and Social Media

In Shooting The Bull, Smith claims that a critical shift in political information has occurred. He notes that traditional media sources (or mainstream media) are no longer in control of the national conversation – that analysis and decisions concerning political “facts” and policy are now in the hands of the citizen media.
    “When a few million intelligent but bored individuals are given a unified platform for research, analysis and sharing, power shifts from the organized Fourth Estate to the unorganized Fifth.”
Smith concludes that even though the citizen media produces misinformation, it has disabled centralized or institutionalized misinformation due to ongoing public propaganda analysis.

### "Smith Doctrine"

Smith has articulated a "long view" doctrine for American Foreign policy. The doctrine ties U.S. economic engagement to the civil and human rights records of the partner country. The anticipated effect is that economic vitality will be limited to nations with strong civil and human rights records.

## Discography

Just Pluckin' Around (San Francisco Songwriters Cult 2012)
* Released: 2012
* Tracks: Rains Rust, Too Far Away, One Heartbreak
Ghosts in the Bone
* Released: 2018
* Tracks: Old Wounded and Dangerous, Too Far Away, Purgatory of Your Love, Ghosts in the Bone, Perfect and Eternal, One Heartbreak, Rains Rust, The Last Duet, The Devil's Prayer, This Old Guitar, Dagger Heart
Sentimental Nightmares
* Released: 2020
* Tracks: Austin via Dallas, Old Friend Jack, Sentimental Nightmares, Right Way, Stolen Horses, Shorter the Skirt, Cajun Queen, If You Don't Stop Crying
Side of the Road
* Released: 2022
* Tracks: Angel at the Gates of Hell, I Lost, Eli's, Side of the Road, Clarksdale, Quiet Renegade, Electric Love, Wild Horses, Drinkin' with the Devil, HARD, Steel in Her Bones
| Year | Title |
| 2023 | "Empty and Wrong" |
| 2023 | "Say Amen" |
| 2023 | "Songs of Fallen Angels" |
| 2023 | "Hellion" |
| 2021 | "Midnight in America" |
# Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden

The Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden, was an important reform during the Protestant Swedish Reformation, in which king Gustav I of Sweden ordered a reduction in church property and the return of land to the crown, making the national church dependent upon the monarch and effectively ending Swedish monastic life. This organised confiscation and transfer of the property of the Swedish Catholic church to the Crown – initiated at the Västerås riksdag of 1527 and finalised in the 1540s – was the economic phase of the Swedish Reformation and was followed by the Örebro Synod, which dealt with theological matters.

## The reduction

The goal of the reduction was for all church property was to be transferred to the crown, and the independent income of the clergy to be replaced by an allowance or salary paid by the crown.
However, the king also wished to strengthen the position of the Swedish nobility, and therefore also allowed for all private donations of lands and estates to churches, bishops and convents since the reign of Charles VIII of Sweden to be retracted by the benefactors, or the families and descendants of the benefactors.

### Property of Bishops

In the Reduction, all goods, lands and assets, particularly the formerly clerical castles, estates and strongholds belonging to Bishops and cathedrals, were to be regarded as Crown property, and the Bishops were from henceforth be provided for by the crown rather than from their own goods, in effect making the church economically dependent on the monarch. This transition was introduced in stages, often during the vacancies between the death of a bishop and the appointment of his successor.

### Property of Convents

Property of monastic institutions in Sweden was subjected to the same rules, and their lands and property declared property of the crown. Each convent was placed under the supervision of a nobleman who was to manage the former convent property for the crown. While the monks and nuns were allowed to remain in their conventual buildings, under government protection and with a state allowance, the monastic communities effectively lost their economic independence, and started to die out. The reform was therefore in effect the dissolution of the Swedish convents.
The rule that allowed for the families of former benefactors to retract land and property donated to the church was particularly damaging to the convents.

### Property of local churches and shrines

From 1539, the final stage was introduced, in which the property of local vicars was also declared crown property, and valuables were confiscated from local churches and shrines - a visible sign of the reformation which caused opposition among the peasantry and contributed to the Dalecarlian rebellions and the Dacke War.
# Guystac Trophy

The Guystac Trophy was a Guyanese inter-county cricket tournament, the final of which had first-class status. The tournament was played annually, the final being usually between Demerara and Berbice, two former colonies and now counties of Guyana. The only exception came in 1980/81 when a side from Essequibo qualified for the final instead of Demerara. The matches were played over a maximum of 4 days but rain caused many games over the years to be drawn.

## History

Originally named the Jones Cup, the matches were first played in 1954/55 but the final didn't get first-class status until 1971/72. In 1973/74 they played for the Guyana President's Trophy instead of the Jones Cup and in 1984/85 they competed for the Guystac Trophy for the first time. The competition remained the Guystac Trophy until the final fixture in 1989/90 when the two sides competed for the Kenneth Sookram Memorial Trophy. The tournament has continued since 1989/90 under a number of names but the final no longer has first-class status.

## Honour board

| Season | Result |
| 1971/72 | Match drawn - Demerara beat Berbice on 1st innings |
| 1972/73 | Demerara beat Berbice outright |
| 1973/74 | Match drawn - Berbice beat Demerara on 1st innings |
| 1974/75 | Match drawn - Berbice beat Demerara on 1st innings |
| 1975/76 | Match drawn - Demerara beat Berbice on 1st innings |
| 1976/77 | Berbice beat Demerara outright |
| 1977/78 | Berbice beat Demerara outright |
| 1978/79 | Match drawn - Berbice beat Demerara on 1st innings |
| 1979/80 | Match drawn - No decision on 1st innings between Berbice and Demerara |
| 1980/81 | Berbice beat Essequibo outright |
| 1981/82 | Match drawn - Demerara beat Berbice on 1st innings |
| 1982/83 | Match drawn - Demerara beat Berbice on 1st innings |
| 1983/84 | Match drawn - Berbice beat Demerara on 1st innings |
| 1984/85 | Demerara beat Berbice outright |
| 1985/86 | Demerara beat Berbice outright |
| 1986/87 | Match drawn - No decision on 1st innings between Berbice and Demerara |
| 1987/88 | Match drawn - Demerara beat Berbice on 1st innings |
| 1988/89 | Match drawn - No decision on 1st innings between Berbice and Demerara |
| 1989/90 | Demerara beat Berbice outright |
# Recordia

Recordia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Verbenaceae.
It is native to Bolivia and southern Brazil.
The genus name of Recordia is in honour of Samuel J. Record (1881–1945), an American botanist who played a prominent role in the study of trees and wood. It was first described and published in Phytologia Vol.1 on page 99 in 1934.
Known species, according to Kew:
* Recordia boliviana Moldenke
* Recordia reitzii (Moldenke) Thode & O'Leary
# Redwood City Ruckus

Redwood City Ruckus were an American soccer team, founded in 2006, who played in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, for just one season.
The Ruckus played their home matches in the stadium on the campus of Skyline College in the city of San Bruno, California, 15 miles north-east of Redwood City, California, near San Francisco. The team's colors were dark blue, red, white and green.

## Year-by-year

| Year | Division | League | Reg. season | Playoffs | Open Cup |
| 2006 | 4 | NPSL | 4th, Northwest | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
# Reginald Ryder

Reginald Talbot Ryder (18 June 1875 – 6 November 1923) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire in 1903.
Ryder was born in Monks Coppenhall, Cheshire, the son of William C Ryder and his wife Octavia. His father was a general draper. He was educated at Ellesmere College, Shropshire 8 September 1884 to 26 April 1886. Ryder played for Derbyshire in one first-class match during the 1903 season, against London County. He took a catch and was bowled for 10 in the first innings of the match in the upper order, but Derbyshire had won in the second innings before he was called in to bat.
On the Census for 1901 and 1911 he was a Schoolmaster for the Hutton Trust Secondary School, Preston.
Ryder died in Stockport at the age of 48 and is buried in Reddish Willow Grove Cemetery, Stockport.
# Regin Vágadal

Regin Vágadal (born 22 March 1970) is a former strongman from the Faroe Islands. He was seven times Faroe Islands Strongest Man from 1994 to 2000. He also participated in the World's Strongest Man finals between 1996 and 2000.

## Biography

Vágadal was born on the 22 March 1970 in the Faroe Islands. During his childhood he lived for 3 years in Nuuk Greenland.
At the age of 15, he started working on a shrimp trawler. He worked here until 1989, In 1990 he worked on board a cargo-liner. That year he also started working as a carpenter with his uncle. During the weekend he had a job as a bouncer. In 1995 Regin started his study at the Navigation School and completed this with a Masters certificate for ship-master.
1995 was also the year started training.
In 1996 he was invited to the World's Strongest Man for the first time and made it to the final where he finished 8th. In 1997 he was invited again to the World's Strongest Man but did not make it past the qualifying heats. This year he also competed in the World Muscle Power Classic where he placed third behind Raimonds Bergmanis and Mark Philippi. In 1999 he finished second in Europe's Strongest Man and again competed in the World's Strongest Man but did not make it past the qualifying heats. In 2000 he reached the final of the tournament for the second time where he finished 8th. The following year he competed for the last time in the World's Strongest Man where he did not qualify for the final. He also won Faroe Islands Strongest Man seven times in a row from 1994 to 2000 and won Iceland's Strongest Man in 1998.

## Honours

* 7 times Faroe Islands Strongest Man (1994–2000)
* 8th place World's Strongest Man (1996)
* 3rd place in "World Muscle Power Champs 1997"
* 1st place in "Iceland Strongest man 1998"
* 8th place World's Strongest Man (2000)
* 2nd place in "THE ATLANTIC GIANT 1999"
* 1st place in "THE ATLANTIC GIANT 2000"
* 1st place in "THE ATLANTIC GIANT 2001"
Personal best:
* BenchPress 235 kg
* Squat 340 kg
* Deadlift 350 kg
# Regina, Missouri

Regina is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Regina was established in 1881, and remained in operation until 1905. Regina was the first name of a woman in the neighborhood.
# Regius Professor of Modern History

Regius Professors of Modern History may refer to:
* Regius Professor of Modern History (Cambridge)
* Regius Professor of Modern History (Oxford)
# Gustavo Vázquez Montes

Gustavo Alberto Vázquez Montes (August 16, 1962 – February 24, 2005) was a Mexican politician. At the time of his death he was serving as the Governor of Colima, representing the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
Vázquez Montes was born in Tecomán, Colima. After graduating from teacher-training college and entering politics, he served as the mayor of his hometown and as a local deputy in the Congress of Colima. He was selected as the PRI's candidate in the 2003 gubernatorial election and, after heated disputes and the annulment of the first round, he was declared the victor and began his term as Governor on January 1, 2004.

## Career

Vázquez Montes served as a professor of Elementary and Secondary Education. He was an official in Tecomán City Council in several administrations, alderman, civic leader of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, president of the Mexican Network of Healthy Municipalities, local deputy in the LI Legislature of the Congress of Colima, then Mayor of Tecomán, Colima from 1997 to 2000. He served again as a deputy in the LIII Legislature of the Congress of Colima, and also served as Secretary General and Chairman of the State Executive Committee of the PRI.
Vázquez Montes was president of the State Congress four times and served on the Health and Education Committees. He was a distinguished member of the Standing Conference of Local Legislators PRI and a distinguished member of the PRI National Political Council.

### Governor

Vázquez Montes triumphed in the elections held on July 6, 2003, obtaining the majority of votes cast, compared to his opponent, the PAN candidate. However, regular elections were nullified by the Electoral Court of the Judicial Power of the Federation stating illegal intervention in the same of Governor Fernando Moreno Peña. Vázquez Montes was again nominated as the PRI candidate for governor in a special election that was necessary to convene. Vázquez Montes won again, again getting most of the votes cast. Vázquez Montes assumed the governorship on January 1, 2004, to conclude the period ending October 31, 2009.

## Death

On February 24, 2005, while traveling to Colima City from Mexico City, his six-seater Westwind 1124 aeroplane developed problems shortly after its 16h15 take-off from Toluca airport and crashed in the municipality of Tzitzio, Michoacán, 70 km to the southeast of Morelia. The governor was killed, along with the pilot, Captain Mario Torres González, and copilot, Captain Germán Ascencio Fauvet; the Colima state secretaries of tourism and finance, Roberto Preciado Cuevas and Luis Ramón Barreda Cedillo; the state's tourism director, Guillermo Díaz Zamorano; and local Coparmex president Alejandro Dávila.
In the immediate aftermath of the accident, Arnoldo Ochoa González was appointed acting governor and a special election was called for April 2005.