OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# River Seven

The River Seven is a river in North Yorkshire, England. It rises on Danby High Moor, in the middle of the North York Moors, and flows south for about 15 miles (24 km) to meet the River Rye, at Brawby.

## Name

Reeking Gill is a tributary of the River Seven and rises on Seavey Hill near Rosedale Head. During the medieval period sedges and rushes were known as "seaves", hence the origin of the name Seavey Hill.
The name Seven may derive from English dialect seave – " sedge, rush ". Another possibility is that the name arose from a common mistake whereby Anglo-Saxons confused Old Norse sef ( "sedge, rush" ) for Old English seofon ( "seven" ).
Examples of rivers that might share a similar etymology:
* River Seph, Bilsdale, North York Moors.
* River Severn (Welsh: Afon Hafren) (Sephern,1479).

## Course

After leaving Danby High Moor, the river flows through Rosedale and passes Rosedale Abbey. In its lower course, it meanders due to interlocking spurs. A number of villages lie along the lower course of the River Seven. Some of these date from the 12th century or earlier, and likely none of them would exist if not for the river. For early settlers, the river may have been the only source of water and fertile land in its flood plains. They relied on the river for fishing, and washing. There are fossils in the sedimentary layers in the river, in the Jurassic layer of rock.

## Geology

The River Seven is a small river, with not much influence on the geology of the area, although over time it has exposed various rock zones. The lacustrine deposits from the last ice age are exposed and visible in the bed of the river. There are three different time zones (periods) in the area.
* Lower Jurassic
* Middle Jurassic
* Upper Jurassic
The rock types consist of : Corallian Limestone (top layer), Oxford Clay, Raven-scar Limestone and Shales and Ironstone.
These are split up depending on their rock band and type. Over time the North York Moors are sliding downhill: you can tell this from the new bands of rock visible in the northern regions.

## Hydrology

Since 1974 the river levels and flows of the Seven have been measured at a weir near Normanby in its lower reaches. The forty year record shows that the catchment of 122 square kilometres (47 sq mi) to the gauging station yielded an average flow of 1.6 cubic metres per second (57 cu ft/s).
The catchment upstream of the station has an average annual rainfall of 875 millimetres (34.4 in) and a maximum altitude of 433 metres (1,421 ft). Land use is primarily rural, made up of grassland, forest and moorland in the upper reaches.
The river has a natural flow regime, unaffected by direct artificial influences.

## Settlements

* Thorgill
* Rosedale Abbey
* Cropton
* Appleton-le-Moors
* Sinnington
* Marton
* Normanby
* Great Barugh
* Brawby
# River Sheppey

The River Sheppey has its source in a group of springs west of the village of Doulting, near Shepton Mallet in Somerset, England. It flows through the wetlands to the north of the Polden Hills and ultimately joins the River Brue.

## Route

From Doulting, the Sheppey flows south west to Charlton, where parts of its course have been culverted. The river has been diverted underground for much, though not all, of its passage through Shepton Mallet. It reappears at Darshill and then flows south west through Croscombe to Dinder where it flows through the grounds of Dinder House which was built in 1801 and under a bridge which pre-dates the house. It then continues west past Dulcote, Woodford and Coxley. At Coxley it is joined by the Keward Brook which carries the water from the springs in Wells which fill the moat of the Bishop's Palace.
From Coxley, the river flows north through Hay Moor and North Moor, west through Ash Moor, then sharply south through Frogmore and west through Godney.
At Lower Godney (where this is a public house named after the river), it is channelled through the James Wear River and the Decoy Rhine to Westhay Level, where it joins Whites River and then the River Brue near Westhay.

## Ecology

The water quality is generally good; however, there have been some discharges from sewage treatment works in the area that can contribute to nutrient levels in rivers. Signs of nutrient enrichment are noticeable at times of low flow and the ecology of the Sheppey is adversely affected in its upper reaches.

## History

It would appear that the Sheppey was only so called in the late 19th century. Prior to this, it may have been named Doulting Water or the River Brae.
The Sheppey has been used in the past to power local industry, for example corn and textile mills in the Shepton Mallet area. There may have been more than thirty mills powered by the river and its tributaries in the area of Shepton Mallet, Bowlish and Darshill, although fewer than this number of sites have been positively identified.
# River Shiel

The River Shiel (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Seile) is a four-kilometre-long river between Moidart and Ardnamurchan in the Scottish Highlands. It begins at Acharacle, at the western end of Loch Shiel, and flows northwest towards Dorlin, where it empties into Loch Moidart. The river contains salmon and sea trout, as well as native resident brown trout weighing up to six pounds.
# Robert H. Abel

Robert Halsall Abel (May 27, 1941, in Painesville, Ohio – April 14, 2017, in Hadley, Massachusetts) was an American short story writer, and novelist.

## Career

Abel graduated from College of Wooster cum laude in 1964 with a B.A., Kansas State University with a M.A. in 1967, and the University of Massachusetts, with an MFA in 1974. In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.
His work appeared in Colorado Review, Dim Sum, Glimmer Train, Manoa, The Massachusetts Review, Mind's Eye, and Writers' Forum. He was a member of the Authors Guild.

## Personal life

He died at his home in Hadley, Massachusetts, on April 14, 2017.

## Awards

* 1991 Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction
* 1978 National Endowment for the Arts Creative Writing Fellowship

## Works

* "An Incident in Hohhot". Mind Sprocket. October 9, 2007. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011.
* Riding a Tiger: a novel. Hong Kong: Asia 2000. 1998. ISBN 978-962-7160-50-2. (reprint: Soho Press October 2002)
* Ghost Traps. University of Georgia Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-8203-1252-1. Robert H Abel Robert H Abel.
* Full-tilt Boogie: stories. Lynx House Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-89924-064-0.
* The Progress of a Fire. Simon and Schuster. 1985. ISBN 978-0-671-50931-6.
* Freedom Dues: or, A Gentleman's Progress in the New World. Dial Press. 1978. ISBN 978-0-8037-2575-1. (reprint 1980)
* Skin and Bones. University of Colorado Press. 1978.

### Criticism

* "The Feng Shui Detective Goes South by Nury Vittachi". Asian Review of Books. May 8, 2002. Archived from the original on July 2, 2002.
# Robert Cane

Dr. Robert Cane (1807–1858), was born in Kilkenny, Ireland in 1807. He was a member of the Repeal Association and the Irish Confederation. He qualified as an M.D. in 1836, became a member of Kilkenny Corporation and was Mayor twice.
He was the model for Dr. Kiely in Charles J. Kickham's Knocknagow. He was MD of the University of Glasgow. He influenced James Stephens and Charles Kickham. He corresponded with Thomas Davis. He was visited by Charles Gavan Duffy and by Thomas Carlyle.
Robert Cane was educated locally and then worked for a time as an assistant to a pharmacist. He later went on to study medicine at Trinity College Dublin and at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. During his time at Trinity he became involved in student politics and attended meetings about national issues of the day. He returned to Kilkenny to give medical assistance during the cholera epidemic of 1832. Robert Cane later moved to Edinburgh where he was awarded his MD at Edinburgh Medical School in 1836.
Following graduation from Edinburgh, Cane returned to Kilkenny where he set up a practice in the city. He became involved in national affairs and in local politics in Kilkenny where he was friendly with the writer John Banim. He also joined Daniel O'Connell's Repeal Association. In 1840 he hosted a banquet for Daniel O'Connell during a visit by the Liberator to the city. Robert Cane was elected Mayor of Kilkenny in 1844.
William Smith O'Brien founded the Irish Confederation in 1847 when he and others withdrew from the Repeal Association. Robert Cane joined the Confederation, however his views, particularly on the use of violence, were at variance with the Confederation and he took no part in the Rising of 1848. Despite this he was arrested and imprisoned following the Young Irelander Rebellion in the year 1848 on 29 July. The Rising had led to the suspension of Habeas Corpus and resulted in Cane being imprisoned for a lengthy period. Following his release he was again elected mayor of Kilkenny. On 19 February 1849 he was one of group of people who met to establish an Archaeological Society for the 'County and City of Kilkenny and surrounding districts'. He was eventually elected chairman of the organisation Kilkenny Archaeological Society on 3 April 1849.
Dr Cane founded the Celtic Union in Kilkenny in 1853. It was a literary society with a strong political bias and intended to publish material relating to Irish history. The Union produced a magazine called 'The Celt' and Cane acted as editor. Dr Cane died of consumption on 16 August 1858. He is buried in St. John's Graveyard, very close to his friend John Banim. In 1859 a series of articles entitled 'History of the Williamite and Jacobite Wars of Ireland from their origin to the capture of Athlone' which he had written were published by the Celtic Union.
# Robert Ferguson (footballer, born 1908)

Robert Ferguson (born April quarter 1908, date of death unknown) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside forward. He played a single match in the Football League for Nelson. His brother, Ted, also played football for Nelson and Ashington.
# Robert Falconer

Sir Robert Alexander Falconer KCMG FRSC (10 February 1867 – 4 November 1943) was a Canadian academic, Calvinist and bible scholar.

## Early life

Of Scottish descent, Falconer was born on February 10, 1867, in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, the eldest child of a Presbyterian minister and his wife. He attended high school in Port of Spain, Trinidad while his father was posted there and won a scholarship to the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. He graduated MA in 1889 and then spent three years at the divinity school of the Free Church of Scotland.

## Career

Falconer was ordained in 1892 but never held a clerical position. He returned to Canada that year and took a lecturership in New Testament Greek and exegesis at the Presbyterian College in Halifax. He also began to publish articles in learned journals. In 1902 Falconer received a D.Litt. from Edinburgh University.

## Advocacy and knighthood

In 1907 he became president of the University of Toronto. He steered a middle path, combining pure scholarship with practicality. Thus he introduced more vocational subjects, while also developing higher degree programmes. He sought to maximise the independence of the university, battling unsuccessfully to retain German faculty members in 1914. Nonetheless he was knighted in 1917 for his advocacy of wartime recruitment. Falconer believed in the need to increase public awareness of, and accessibility to, Canada's historical records. He was a long time member of The Champlain Society's Council, serving as its Vice-President (1909-1935) and President (1936-42).
Falconer wrote several books on current affairs, including The German Tragedy and its Meaning for Canada (1915), Idealism in National Character (1920) and The United States as a Neighbour (1925). He was an advocate of broad cooperation between the English speaking nations in international affairs, but was concerned to avoid American dominance of these relationships.

## Retirement and death

Ill health obliged him to decline the principalship of the University of Edinburgh in 1929, and he retired in 1932. However he continued his scholarly work, becoming the first President of the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies in 1933 and producing Pastoral Epistles in 1937, his most notable work of religious scholarship.
Falconer died at the age of 76, on November 4, 1943.

## Honours

* Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1916).
* Yale University, Honorary Doctorate (1922).
* University of Alberta, Honorary Doctorate (1936).

## Sources

* Greenlee, James G. (1988). Sir Robert Falconer: A Biography. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-7997-9. OCLC 244767816.
# Robert Finn

Robert Finn may refer to:
* Robert Emmett Finn (1877–1951), lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada
* Robert Finn (mathematician) (1922–2022), American mathematician
* Robert Finn (1930–2011), chief music critic of The Plain Dealer, 1964–1992
* Robert Finn (diplomat) (born 1945), American ambassador to Afghanistan
* Robert Finn (bishop) (born 1953), Roman Catholic prelate, former bishop of Kansas City, Missouri
# Robert Finkelstein

Robert Jay Finkelstein (March 26, 1916 – August 27, 2020) was an American theoretical physicist, specializing in elementary particle physics.
Finkelstein was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts in March 1916. After graduation from Pittsfield High School, he matriculated in 1933 at Dartmouth College, graduating there as salutatorian in the class of 1937. He received his Ph.D. in 1941 from Harvard University with dissertation The Energy Levels of Chrome Alum. II. Magnetic Susceptibility of Cerium Ethylsulfate under the supervision of John Hasbrouck Van Vleck. After completing his last doctoral examination, he went to Washington, DC to join Francis Bitter’s research group in the Navy Department. Finkelstein worked briefly with an operational research group that included Marshall Stone and Joseph Doob but then transferred to a research group working on shockwaves and detonation theory. He found an analytic solution to a shockwave problem that Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar had previously solved numerically and also co-authored with George Gamow the paper Theory of the Detonation Process.
Finkelstein recounted his experiences as a member of the group working on shockwaves and detonation theory:
   ... Einstein had agreed to serve as a consultant to our group but did not want to travel to Washington. So there had to be a liaison person and I was given that opportunity. Since Einstein did not know me, there had to be someone to introduce us. It then happened that I was introduced to Einstein by John von Neumann, one of the most important mathematicians of all time, and who had also become a consultant to our group. It was a very great experience for a new Ph.D. to be introduced to Einstein by Von Neumann! During the following period I met Einstein every week until Gamow joined our group and became the liaison person.
As a postdoc Finkelstein was at the University of Chicago and then spent the academic year 1947–1948 at the Institute for Advanced Study as part of a research group (including H. Lewis, S. Wouthuysen, and L. Foldy) under the leadership of Robert Oppenheimer. In 1948 Finkelstein joined the faculty of UCLA as part of the high energy theory group. Several times he was on sabbatical at the Institute for Advanced Study. He was a Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 1959–1960. He retired from UCLA in 1986 as professor emeritus.
   At UCLA he made important contributions to beta decay theory, predicting the parity of the pi-mesons, and calculating radiative corrections to muon decay. During the same period he discovered the soliton solutions to gauge theories. His later work in non-Abelian gauge theories led to important relations among masses and couplings, as well as the discovery that the Feynman rules have to be modified in those theories. There followed a long series of papers on general relativity and supergravity. More recently he has developed a model for elementary particles based on "q-deformations" of the Lorentz group and knot theory.
Finkelstein married in 1956. His doctoral students include David Hestenes, Malvin Ruderman, and Jan Smit. He died in Los Angeles, California in August 2020 at the age of 104.
# Robert Dick (cricketer)

Robert Douglas Dick (16 April 1889 – 14 December 1983) was an English first-class cricketer, who played one game for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1911.
Born in Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, Dick was a right arm fast bowler, who took two wickets for 37 runs in the match against Nottinghamshire at The Circle, Hull. He was less successful with the bat, scoring two runs in his only first-class innings. Yorkshire won the game by 225 runs, thanks to batting from David Denton (74 & 101*) and 9 wickets from Major Booth. Dick also played for the Yorkshire Second XI in the same year.
Robert Dick died in December 1983, in Guisborough, Yorkshire, aged 94.
# Hanzan, Kagawa

Hanzan (飯山町, Hanzan-chō) was a town located in Ayauta District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 17,183 and a density of 857.86 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 20.03 km$^2$.
On March 22, 2005, Hanzan, along with the town of Ayauta (also from Ayauta District), was merged into the expanded city of Marugame and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
# Robert Hurst (1750–1843)

Robert Hurst (1750 – 13 April 1843) was an English Whig politician. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for boroughs from 1806 to 1829.

## Political career

At the 1802 general election, Hurst was elected to the House of Commons for two constituencies: Shaftesbury and Steyning. The result of the election in Shaftesbury was disputed, but once the dispute had been settled in his favour he chose to represent Shaftesbury, and did not sit for Steyning in the remainder of the Parliament.
At the 1806 general election he was returned again for Steyning, and held that seat until the 1812 general election, when he was elected as MP for Horsham, a seat which he held until 1829, when he resigned his seat by taking the Chiltern Hundreds.

## Family

Hurst married in 1784 Maria Smith, daughter of Adam Smith: they had two sons and five daughters. The eldest son, Robert Henry Hurst, represented Horsham as a Radical.
# Robert Hurley (translator)

Robert Hurley is a translator who has translated the work of several leading French philosophers into English, including Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Georges Bataille. For example, he led the team translating selections from Foucault's three-volume Dits et écrits, 1954-88.

## Works
### Translations

* (with Mark Seem and Helen P. Lane) Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, New York: Viking, 1977
* Pierre Clastres, Society against the State: the leader as servant and the human uses of power among the Indians of the Americas, 1977
* Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality. Volume 1, 1979
* Jacques Donzelot, The Policing of Families, 1980
* Gilles Deleuze, Spinoza: Practical Philosophy, San Francisco: City Light Books, 1988
* Georges Bataille, The Accursed Share: an Essay on General Economy. Volume 1: Consumption, Zone Books, 1988. ISBN 978-0-942299-10-6
* Georges Bataille, Theory of Religion, Zone Books, 1989
* Georges Bataille, The Accursed Share: an Essay on General Economy. Volume 2: The History of Eroticism, Zone Books, 1993
* Georges Bataille, The Accursed Share: an Essay on General Economy. Volume 3: Sovereignty, Zone Books, 1993
* Michel Foucault, Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth, 2000
* The Invisible Committee, To Our Friends, Semiotext(e), 2015
* The Invisible Committee, Now, Semiotext(e), 2017
* Tiqqun, The Cybernetic Hypothesis, Semiotext(e), 2020

### Edited works

* (with Pierre-Marie beaude) Poétique du Divin, 2001
# Harehills (disambiguation)

Harehills is an inner-city area of east Leeds, West Yorkshire England.
Harehills may also refer to:
* Hare Hills Tuff, a formation cropping out in Newfoundland, Canada
* Harehill, a village in Derbyshire, England
# Hapalopilus

Hapalopilus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus is widely distributed. The generic name combines the Ancient Greek words ἁπαλός ("tender") and πιλος ("cap"). Hapalopilus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1881.

## Species

As of June 2017, Index Fungorum accepts 15 species of Hapalopilus:
* Hapalopilus africanus Ryvarden 1978 – Rwanda
* Hapalopilus albocitrinus (Petch) Ryvarden 1980 – Uganda
* Hapalopilus croceus (Pers.) Donk 1933 – Europe
* Hapalopilus flavus B.K.Cui & Y.C.Dai 2008 – China
* Hapalopilus hispidulus (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Murrill 1904
* Hapalopilus mutans (Peck) Gilb. & Ryvarden 1986
* Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) P.Karst. 1881 – widespread
* Hapalopilus ochraceolateritius (Bondartsev) Bondartsev & Singer 1941 – Europe
* Hapalopilus phlebiiformis (Berk. ex Cooke) Ryvarden 1987
* Hapalopilus placodes (Kalchbr.) N.Walters & E.W.B.Costa 1956 – Lord Howe Island
* Hapalopilus priscus (Niemelä, Miettinen & Manninen) Melo & Ryvarden (2014)
* Hapalopilus rubescens Corner 1989
* Hapalopilus sibiricus Núñez, Parmasto & Ryvarden 2001
* Hapalopilus subtestaceus (Bres.) Bondartsev 1963
* Hapalopilus tropicus I.Lindblad & Ryvarden 1999
# Robert Melville

Robert Melville or Melvill may refer to:
* Robert Melvill or Melville (1723–1809), Scottish general, botanist and inventor
* Robert Melville, 1st Lord Melville (died 1621), Scottish lawyer and diplomat
* Robert Melville, 2nd Lord Melville (died 1635)
* Robert Melville (died 1693), burgh commissioner for Cupar (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
* Robert Melville (art critic) (1905–1986), British art critic and journalist
* Robert Melville (Australian politician) (1919–1982), Australian politician
* Robert Melville (car designer), former chief designer at McLaren Automotive