OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jong-Wha Lee

Jong-Wha Lee (Korean: 이종화) is a South Korean economist and former senior advisor for international economic affairs to former president Lee Myung-bak of South Korea and Korean G-20 Sherpa. He is currently a professor of economics at Korea University, where he has been a member of the faculty since March 1993. He has previously served as Chief Economist and head of the Office of Regional Economic Integration at the Asian Development Bank.

## Biography

Lee obtained his Ph.D. (1992) and M.A. (1990) in economics from Harvard University and his M.A.(1983) and B.A. (1981) in economics at Korea University. He worked as an economist at the International Monetary Fund from 1992 to 1993 and taught at Harvard University from 1999 to 2000 as a visiting professor. He had also served as a consultant to the Harvard Institute for International Development, the Inter-American Development Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations Development Programme, and the World Bank.
Lee joined Korea University as an assistant professor in 1993 and has since been part of the faculty holding the position of professor since 2000. From 2003 to 2007 Lee was also the director of the International Center for Korean Studies at Korea University.
In 2007, he joined ADB as head of the Office of Regional Economic Integration (OREI). He helped promote the set up of the institutional framework for regional cooperation and integration of Asian countries, especially the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM) and the Asian Bond Markets Initiative (ABMI) by the ASEAN+3 economies that included the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus China, the Republic of Korea and Japan to guard against future financial crises. He later became chief economist.
From 2011 to 2013 he served as the senior adviser for International Economic Affairs to former president Lee Myung-bak. He also acted as the Korean G-20 Sherpa for the G-20 Summits held in Cannes (2011) and Los Cabos (2012). He currently writes a monthly column for Project Syndicate.
In 2022, he was awarded the Kyung-Ahm Prize.

## Research contribution

Lee has published many works and is one of the most well-known Asian economists. His studies in collaboration with Robert J. Barro measuring educational attainment of the population for a broad group of countries are widely cited. The dataset on educational attainment are available at www.barrolee.com. He has also written a number of papers on economic integration, crisis and growth including a well-known paper on the role of foreign direct investment.
# Alucita punctiferella

Alucita punctiferella is a moth in the family Alucitidae. It is found in Honduras.
# Alori

Alori is a village in the commune of Bassila in the Donga Department of western Benin. It is located near the border with Togo.
# Amanozako

Amanozako (天逆毎, "heaven opposing everything", or 天狗神 "tengu kami") is a monstrous goddess mentioned in the Kujiki, which states that she originated when Susanoo let his own ferocious spirit (his ara-mitama) build up inside him until he vomited her out.
Like her fellow 8 million gods, Amanozako resides in heaven.

## Personality

The Wakan Sansai Zue describes this deity as having a furious temper, a beastly head with a long nose, long ears, and great fangs so strong they can chew metal blades ragged, and to be capable of flying for a thousand li.
Amanozako has been known to be a goddess that goes against conformity and does the opposite of what is expected by society and social norms. Also, it is said that Amanozako is picky, and will go into an atrocious rage if she does not get what she wants, or if things do not go according to her way. Her wrath cannot be stopped.
In terms of her godly abilities, the legends and stories say that Amanozako is a trickster, of sorts. She likes to possess the hearts of humans and manipulate their emotions and personalities.

## History

Stories of Amanozako were being told long before history began being recorded. It is said that she is the ancestor deity of all yōkai who share her short-fused temper and disobedience. Some of these yōkai include tengu, as well as amanojaku.
Amanozako was illustrated by Toriyama Sekien in the third volume of his Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki.

## Family/Relations

Amanozako is known to be the motherless child of the deity Susanoo, the god of storms, from the text.
She has one child, which, due to her obstinate behavior, she gave being to all on her own. Amanosaku is Amanozako's spawn, and is said to be just as terrible and disobedient as she is. Apparently, Amanosaku drove all 8 million gods in heaven mad, and because of this, Amanosaku was made the ruler of every malicious and troublesome kami.

## In popular culture

Amanozako makes her first appearance in the long-running Megami Tensei franchise as one of its many demons in 2021's Shin Megami Tensei V. Unlike most depictions of her where she's rather monstrous looking, the game depicts her as a smaller fairy-like creature with a more cute appearance comparable to that of its iconic Pixie. She acts as a companion towards the game's protagonist throughout the game after finding him wandering throughout the game's Da'at.
# Altiphylax tokobajevi

Altiphylax tokobajevi, also known commonly as the Kirghizia even-fingered gecko, the Tien Shan even-fingered gecko, and the Tjan-Shan pygmy gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is native to Asia.

## Etymology

The specific name, tokobajevi, is in honor of Marat M. Tokobaev (born 1932), who is an entomologist and parasitologist.

## Geographic range

A. tokobajevi is found in Kyrgyzstan.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of A. tokobajevi is shrubland, at altitudes of 1,800–2,500 m (5,900–8,200 ft).

## Reproduction

A. tokobajevi is oviparous.
# Jonotla

Jonotla Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Puebla in south-eastern Mexico.
# Altitude (Joe Morris album)

Altitude is an album by American jazz guitarist Joe Morris which was recorded live in 2011 and released on the AUM Fidelity label. It documents the first time performance by Morris, bassist William Parker and drummer Gerald Cleaver as a trio during a two-week of dates curated at John Zorn's club The Stone by label owner Steven Joerg. For the second set, excerpted in the final two cuts of the album, Parker played sintir, the Moroccan bass lute, instead of upright bass. All the tracks are collective and completely improvised.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Down Beat | |
The All About Jazz by Mark Corroto says "Piece-by-piece the trio builds their three way dialogue, forgoing the classic model of building tension followed by release. They maintain a constant exchange throughout." Another review for All About Jazz by John Sharpe remarks "Inspired by the lengthy expositions of Coltrane and Cecil Taylor (although sounding nothing like either) the threesome maintains an urgent pace throughout the first extended piece."
In a review for Down Beat Brad Faberman states "Playing steady time can be confining, but the opposite extreme—abandoning rhythm altogether—is just as much a jail... The free-improvising trio has chosen to operate somewhere in between, bending beats until they’re vague and uncountable but still deeply felt."
The JazzTimes review by Shaun Brady says "The two collectively improvised sets are all about forward motion, all three players enjoying a constant propulsion." In a review for PopMatters John Garratt notes that "Altitude doesn’t feel intricately experimental. It sounds like three guys picking up the free jazz thread and pulling at it for one night, simply for the joy of it."
The Exclaim! review by Glen Hall states "The first two tracks clock in at over 25 minutes apiece. They are jam-packed with fervour and potent playing, especially from drummer Gerald Cleaver, who is utterly relentless in his invention of responses to his cohorts and his assertions... Altitude is intellectual energy music."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Morris / Parker / Cleaver
* "Exosphere" – 26:22
* "Thermosphere" – 25:22
* "Troposphere" – 12:04
* "Mesosphere" – 8:39

## Personnel

* Joe Morris - guitar
* William Parker – bass, sintir
* Gerald Cleaver – drums
# Joost Schouten

Joost Schouten (c. 1600 – 1644) was a Dutch East Indies Company figure of considerable repute, in demand as an astute administrator, diplomat, courtier and negotiator for this Dutch colonial and mercantile outpost in the South-East Asian archipelago today known as Indonesia. In July 1644, Schouten was found to have engaged in homosexual sex with numerous men. Convicted of sodomy, a capital offence in the seventeenth-century Netherlands, he was burnt at the stake.

## Early life: 1600–1622

Born in the Netherlands, Schouten emigrated to the Dutch East Indies in 1622.

## Dutch East Indies Company career: 1624–1644

Over the next two decades, Schouten established a formidable reputation in colonial trade and diplomacy. He became involved in manufacturing and trade within a Siamese Dutch East Indies Company factory enclave in Ayutthaya in 1624 and shortly thereafter became secretary to Willem Janssen on the latter's exploratory trade and reconnaissance visit to Japan in 1625.
In 1633, Schouten returned to Siam as the Dutch colonial factory director in Ayutthaya and successfully negotiated for expanded operational facilities and further Dutch trade concessions in return for diplomatic negotiation assistance rendered to Somdet Phra Chao (r1629–1656), the king of Siam. In 1635, Schouten maintained a record of his activities in Japan and Siam for his employers, one of the first reliable accounts of the region. It attracted enough interest to be published later in the 17th century and translated in several languages. By 1640, he had returned to Batavia and served on the Council of the Indies for elite mercantile and commercial interests within the Dutch East Indies Company. In 1642, he equipped Abel Tasman for his expedition to the Southwest Pacific, which was to circumnavigate Australia and lead to the European discovery of New Zealand. On that voyage, Tasman named Schouten Island for him.

## Prosecution and execution

In July 1644, Joost Schouten was accused of sodomy, a crime punishable by water or fire. He confessed to the crimes and offered no defense. After being tried and convicted, his sentence was mitigated in light of his distinguished record. The colony's governor-general, Anthony van Diemen, ordered him strangled before being burnt at the stake. At least three of his sexual partners were subsequently tied in sacks and drowned.
# Alçabulaq

Alçabulaq (formerly Sokhuldzhan) is a village and municipality in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 820.
# Alçalı, Salyan

Alçalı (also, Alchaly) is a village and municipality in the Salyan Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 600.
# Alvis TB 14

The Alvis TB 14 is a British two-seater open car that was produced by Alvis cars, based on the running gear of the TA 14 saloon, and made only in 1950.
Alvis contracted AP Metalcraft, a Coventry coachbuilder, to produce the two-door open car body to fit on the TA 14 chassis. The doors are rear-hinged and have deeply cut-away tops. The car has very long, sweeping front wings and a fold-down windscreen. The radiator grille was controversial, being pear-shaped, with the bottom side bulges concealing the headlights which consequently were a long way from the sides of the car. The front sidelights were mounted in the bumpers. Both right and left hand drive versions were made.
The 1892 cc engine was slightly modified to produce 68 bhp (51 kW), 3 bhp (2.2 kW) more than the saloon engine by fitting twin SU carburettors. The TA 14 suspension was retained, with its non-independent leaf springing all round. As the car is lighter than the TA 14, the final drive ratio was changed from 4.875:1 to 4.3:1, helping to increase the top speed and improving economy.
The car could reach 80 mph (130 km/h), but its high price of £1,276 on the home market limited sales.
# Jonathan Rosenberg (historian)

Jonathan Seth Rosenberg (born March 14, 1958) is an American historian and author. He is a professor at Hunter College.

## Education and career

Rosenberg attended music school at Juilliard, and worked for a time as a classical musician. He later went back to get his PhD in history from Harvard University in 1997. His thesis, which he later published in expanded form as a book, was titled How Far the Promised Land? World Affairs and the American Civil Rights Movement from the First World War to Vietnam, and was directed by Akira Iriye and Ernest R. May. He has been at Hunter College since 2001.

## Books

* Rosenberg, Jonathan; Karabell, Zachary (2003). Kennedy, Johnson, and the Quest for Justice: The Civil Rights Tapes. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-05122-3.
* Rosenberg, Jonathan (2006). How Far the Promised Land? World Affairs and the American Civil Rights Movement from the First World War to Vietnam. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-18729-7.
* Rosenberg, Jonathan (2019). Dangerous Melodies: Classical Music in America from the Great War through the Cold War. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-60843-4.
# Amanda Snyder

Amanda Viola Snyder, née Tester, (March 15, 1894 – February 3, 1980) was a contemporary American artist from Portland, Oregon. She produced hundreds of drawings, paintings and woodcuts, and held 32 solo exhibitions.

## Early life and education

Snyder was born near Mountain City, Tennessee, the eldest child of William Jefferson Tester and Della Lee (née Hull) Tester. When she was nine years old her family moved to Roseburg, Oregon. Even in elementary school she had an aptitude for art. She married Edmund Snyder on July 16, 1916, and they moved to Portland, Oregon. Their son Eugene was born in 1918.
In 1917 she attended classes at the Portland Museum Art School, and in 1925 Snyder studied portrait painting with English portraitist Sidney Bell.

## Career

As a primarily self-taught artist, Snyder developed her own variations of Impressionism and Expressionism. She has been described as "reclusive and dedicated," working alone in the basement of her home in Portland.
She exhibited in a four woman show in 1954 with Jolan Torak, LaVon Lucas, and LaVerne Krause at Portland's Kharouba Gallery.
She held 32 solo exhibits in her lifetime, and her works are in collections of Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art, the Portland Art Museum, the Seattle Art Museum, the Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Reed College and the Oregon Historical Society.

## Critical reception

Museum docents Ginny Allen and Jody Klevit describe Snyder's style in Oregon Painters: the First Hundred Years (1859-1959):
   Snyder liked the rough texture of many layers of paint softened by scumbling, using that technique to great effect. In 1929 she met Clayton Sumner Price at one of his gallery shows. He later informed her that her work, especially the clowns and religious paintings, had something in common with the French painter Rouault.
Allen and Klevit further describe the development of Snyder's style, "Over the years her style changed from realistic through impressionistic to the increasingly abstract." Snyder's landscape work is described in the exhibition notes for the "Picturing Oregon" exhibition of the Portland Art Museum: "Oregon’s leading artists often combined social realism with a modernist appropriation of cubism... Amanda Snyder employed cubist principles and the rain-darkened palette of the Northwest to create powerful geometric landscapes."

## Books by Amanda Snyder

* A Bookful of Birds
* Oregon Originals: The Art of Amanda Snyder & Jefferson Tester

## Selected works by Amanda Snyder

* Young Robin by Snyder, ca. 1950
* "Cave dwellers" by Amanda Snyder
* "Aquatic," by Amanda Snyder
* "Destiny" by Snyder
# Alès station

Alès station is a railway station serving the town Alès, Gard department, southern France. It lies on the "Ligne des Cévennes" railway line from Clermont-Ferrand to Nîmes. The station is served by regional trains to Clermont-Ferrand, Mende and Nîmes.
| Preceding station | TER Occitanie | TER Occitanie | TER Occitanie | Following station |
| Grand'Combe-La Pisetowards Clermont-Ferrand or Mende | | 27 | | Boucoirantowards Nîmes |
# Além

Além (in English, Beyond) is a Portuguese hamlet located in the parish of Balazar, Póvoa de Varzim with 116 inhabitants (census of 2001).
# Alé Vallée

Alé Vallée (translatable as Forward Valley) was a social-democratic political party active in Aosta Valley.
The party, whose leader was Enrico Bich, was the heir of the Italian Socialist Party in the Region and gained 4.7% of the votes (in list with the Italian Democratic Socialists and UDEUR) in the 2003 regional election, failing to surpass the 5% threshold needed to enter in the Regional Council of the Valley. Since then the party gained representation in the Municipal Council of Aosta and finally decided to merge in the regional Democratic Party.
In October 2007 Enrico Bich was a candidate for the post of regional secretary of the Democratic Party, but was defeated (62.5% against 37.5%) by Raimondo Donzel, a trade unionist supported by the Democrats of the Left.
# Amauri d'Acigné

Amauri d'Acigné (died 1477) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Nantes (1462–1477).

## Biography

On 29 March 1462, Amauri d'Acigné was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius II as Bishop of Nantes. On 11 April 1462, he was consecrated bishop by Guillaume d'Estouteville, Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia e Velletri, with Jean de Beauvau, Bishop of Angers, and Isnard de Grasse, Bishop of Grasse, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Nantes until his death on 23 February 1477.
# Amauris albimaculata

Amauris albimaculata, the layman, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Africa.
The wingspan is 50–60 mm for males and 62–68 for females. Adults are on the wing year-round (with peaks in summer and autumn).
The larvae feed on Tylophora anomala, T. stolzii, Cynanchum chirindense, C. vincetoxicum, Gymnema, Marsdenia (including M. angolensis and M. racemosa) and Secamone.

## Subspecies

* Amauris albimaculata albimaculata (South Africa, southern Mozambique)
* Amauris albimaculata chirindana Talbot, 1941 (western Mozambique, eastern Zimbabwe)
* Amauris albimaculata hanningtoni Butler, 1888 (southern Somalia, eastern Kenya, eastern Tanzania)
* Amauris albimaculata intermedians Hulstaert, 1926 (Cameroon)
* Amauris albimaculata interposita Talbot, 1940 (western Kenya, northern Tanzania)
* Amauris albimaculata latifascia Talbot, 1940 (Tanzania, Malawi, northern Zambia)
* Amauris albimaculata magnimacula Rebel, 1914 (Uganda, eastern Zaire, north-western Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi)
* Amauris albimaculata sudanica Talbot, 1940 (Sudan, Ethiopia)
# Jorge Dorado

Jorge Dorado (born December 8, 1976) is a Spanish director, screenwriter and producer. He received Goya Award nominations for his short film La guerra, his documentary short Nuevos tiempos, and his directorial feature film debut Mindscape.

## Career

He studied Communication Studies at the Complutense University of Madrid. He began his career working in as assistant director on films like Bad Education and Talk to Her by Pedro Almodóvar, The Devil's Backbone by Guillermo del Toro and Moulin Rouge! by Baz Luhrmann.
As director, he has made five short films and a documentary, among them, The War (co-directed with Luis Berdejo, a candidate for the Goya Award in 2006, and with more than 50 international awards). He also shot and directed the 2012 short film El Otro. For five years, working as advertising director, he was responsible for campaigns for Nintendo, Bancaja, Movistar, and the Olympic big campaign, for which he was nominated Best New Commercials Director in Spain, and more.
His film Mindscape, a psychological thriller, is Dorado's first feature, as well as the first chapter in a collaboration between Ombra Films (formed by Orphan & Unknown director Jaume Collet-Serra with Juan Solá) and StudioCanal. The film stars Mark Strong, Brian Cox and Taissa Farmiga.
# Amara avida

Amara avida is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae.
# Ambres (disambiguation)

Ambres may refer to:
* Ambres, a commune of the Tarn department in southern France
* Ambres (Narcea), a parish in Cangas del Narcea, Spain
* Chip Ambres (born 1979), American Major League Baseball player
# Joseph Butore

Joseph Butore (born 1969) is a Burundian politician who served as Second Vice President of Burundi from 2015 to 2020. He was born in Cibitoke, Burundi in 1969. He was initially elected as a deputy of the Cibitoke constituency in 2010 and was appointed by President Pierre Nkurunziza as Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research in 2013. In 2015, he was appointed Second Vice President.
On October 25, 2022, he received Russian citizenship.
# Joseph Masclet

Amé Thérèse Joseph Masclet (17 November 1760, Douai – 7 October 1833, Nice) was a French diplomat and an author of letters to Lafayette.

## Biography

Former civil servant of Ancien Régime in the French Royal Navy, at Saint-Domingue, he was then a lawyer of the Parlement of Paris in 1788. At the outbreak of the French Revolution, he was involved as a journalist for the Mercure National, writing especially for press freedom. He enlisted in the French Revolutionary Army in 1790 as an officer in the 1st Regiment of Riflemen, first as second lieutenant, and later as lieutenant, in 1792; he then served as aide-de-camp to general officers in the Army of the Rhine. Masclet, who was friend to Rouget de Lisle, wrote the last two verses of La Marseillaise.
In an anonymous letter published in the Journal de Paris (1791) under his pseudonym "Eleuthere", he opposed Collot d'Herbois in the case of the Swiss of the Château-Vieux Regiment, that paradoxically became the symbol of freedom, and, in 1792, expressed with André Chénier his strongest claims against festivities given in their honor by the municipality of Paris.
He was pro-Lafayette at that time and went to England during the Reign of Terror to save his life. He constantly wrote defending him, asking for his release from Prussian and Austrian prisons. He published numerous articles in The Morning Chronicle using the pseudonym Eleutheros (freeman). He worked to Lafayette's deliverance and succeeded in establishing a correspondence with Lafayette with the assistance of active agents. They became friends at that time.
Later, he served as sub-prefect during Napoleonic era, respectively in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Lille, Douai and Cosne until 1814. In Boulogne, he was slandered as a double agent, a spy and a traitor.
After the First Restoration, he was French consul at Liverpool from where he went to Edinburgh, and later to Bucharest, in 1824. He was French consul at Nice at the time of his death.
Amé-Thérèse-Joseph Masclet was the eldest son of a large family. One of his brothers, Jean-Baptiste [pl] died bishop in Moscow. Another one, Hippolyte. was a court advisor in Russia.
# Amazon climbing salamander

The Amazon climbing salamander (Bolitoglossa palmata), also known as the Amazon mushroomtongue salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is found on the Amazonian slopes of the Andes of Ecuador and southern Colombia. Its natural habitats are cloud forests. It is threatened by habitat loss and contamination from agricultural operations.