OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andrew Douglas-Home

Andrew Douglas-Home OBE (born 14 May 1950) is a Scottish former first-class cricketer.
The son of Edward Charles Douglas-Home and Nancy Rose Straker-Smith, he was born at Galashiels in May 1950. He was educated at Eton College, before going up to Christ Church, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1970, making four appearances against Hampshire, Warwickshire, Lancashire and Nottinghamshire. Playing as a right-arm fast-medium bowler, he took 9 wickets at an average of 30.33 and with best figures of 3 for 71. With the bat, he scored 33 runs with a high score of 23.
After graduating from Oxford, he became an accountant. He was made an OBE in the 2013 New Year Honours for his three decades’ service with the River Tweed Commissioners and for his role with the Abbotsford Trust, which is responsible for conserving Abbotsford House, the home of Walter Scott. His uncle, Lord Dunglass, also played first-class cricket and was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from October 1963 to October 1964.
# Pact of Liberal Democrats

The Pact of Liberal Democrats (Patto dei Liberaldemocratici), also called Segni-Scognamiglio Pact (Patto Segni-Scognamiglio), was a liberal and Christian-democratic Italian political party.
It was conceived in 2003 by Mario Segni, Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini (ex-PLI, ex-PL, ex-FI, ex-UDR, ex-UpR, ex-FdL and ex-DE) and Michele Cossa (leader of the Sardinian Reformers), as a centrist party alternative to the centre-left. The party is aimed at changing Italian political system and especially Italian centre-right, which is perceived by its leaders as populist under the leadership of Silvio Berlusconi. The party is basically the continuation of the late Patto Segni.
Segni and Scognamiglio launched PLD in time for contesting the 2004 European Parliament election, in which they hoped to attract many disgruntled centre-right voters. Instead PLD scored only 0.5% (7.4% in Sardinia, where its regional division, the Sardinian Reformers, is aligned with the House of Freedoms).
After that the centre-right decided again to rally behind Berlusconi, Segni and Scognamiglio decided not to present their list for the 2006 general election, in which Berlusconi's Forza Italia scored 23.7% and the Sardinian Reformers elected a Senator, Massimo Fantola, in UDC list. Segni and supporters opposed the 2006 Constitutional Referendum.
In early 2007 Segni became Coordinator of the Promoting Committee of the Electoral Referendum, led by Giovanni Guzzetta. This would place Segni alongside politicians such as Gianni Alemanno, Angelino Alfano, Mercedes Bresso, Riccardo Illy, Renato Brunetta, Antonio Martino, Giovanna Melandri, Arturo Parisi, Daniele Capezzone, Stefania Prestigiacomo, Gaetano Quagliariello, and Giorgio Tonini in the fight for a majority based electoral system. On July 24 of 2007 Segni handed over 800,000 signatures to the Court of Cassation for the presentation of the Electoral Referendum. The referendum, which took place on 21–22 June 2009, did not reach the required quorum. After the failure of the referendum, Segni left parliamentary politics.
# Hilarographa vinsonella

Hilarographa vinsonella is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Réunion in the Indian Ocean.
# Meixian Hakka

Meixian Hakka may refer to:
* Meixian dialect, a variety of the Hakka Chinese language
* Meixian Hakka F.C., a former name of the now-dissolved Guangdong South China Tiger F.C. football team in China
# Ewan Clarkson

Ewan Clarkson (23 January 1929 – 19 April 2010) was an English author specialising in books about nature, particularly wild animals.

## Life and career

Clarkson was born in Workington on 23 January 1929. He was educated at Altrincham Grammar School and served in the Royal Army Medical Corps between 1947 and 1949.
Clarkson, who before becoming a full-time writer worked as a veterinary surgeon, was later to state that "for twenty-five years I laboured under the illusion that I was a scientist. I worked as a laboratory assistant after school to study for my Bachelor of Science. Then I was a veterinarian for the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals. When I realised that I became too emotionally involved with my charges [...] I rebelled against the objective, unemotional approach of the scientist and went to Devon where I could write". Before the publication of his first book he also worked as a beach photographer, rabbit farmer, and as a lorry driver for the Ministry of Defence at Denbury Camp, Newton Abbot.
His first book was Break for Freedom, also published in the United States as Syla, the Mink (1968), telling the story of a mink escaping from a fur farm in Devon, and showing the influence of Henry Williamson's stories about Devon wildlife. Clarkson gave a particular focus to the impact of man's activities on nature, a theme he developed in subsequent works, following Break for Freedom with Halic, the Story of a Grey Seal in 1970, and a number of other novels and non-fiction wildlife books. He was an early critic of the use of pesticides and several of his works explore the negative effects on the environment of intensive farming methods.
Clarkson's books often appeared on both adults' and children's lists, and he stated that education was one of the main purposes of his writing. Clarkson also wrote several books on animals aimed specifically at younger children, as well as many magazine articles about angling: an accomplished fisherman, he was regarded as a pioneer of saltwater fly fishing techniques.
Clarkson, who lived in Newton Abbot, died on 19 April 2010.

## Personal life

Clarkson married in 1951 and had two children.

## Selected bibliography

* Break for Freedom (1968) (U.S.A. Title: Syla, the Mink)
* Halic: The Story of a Gray Seal (1970)
* The Running of the Deer (1972)
* In The Shadow Of The Falcon (1973)
* Wolf Country: A Wilderness Pilgrimage (1975)
* The Badgers of Summercombe (1977)
* Many-forked Branch (1980)
* The Wake of the Storm (1983)
* Ice Trek (1986)
* King of the Wild (1990)
* The Flight of the Osprey (1996)
# CITIC Offshore Helicopter

CITIC Offshore Helicopter Co., Ltd. is a China-based company that engages in offshore helicopter oil, general aviation transportation and aviation maintenance services. It is a part of CITIC Group.
CITIC Offshore Helicopter operates its businesses primarily in Shenzhen and Zhanjiang (Guangdong Province), Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing, China.
As of 2008, CITIC Offshore Helicopter conducted 22,834 flights, logged 19,271.4 flight hours, transported 210,198 passengers and approximately 2.36 million kilograms of cargo.

## Fleet

CITIC OH operates:
* 8 Eurocopter EC 155B1
* 9 EC 225LP
* 10 AS 332L2 Mark 2
* 2 AS 365B2
* 2 EC135
* Dassault Falcon 2000 EX and 7X
* H410 - operated for China Maritime Safety Administration
* Z11
* A109E
* A109S - operated for China Maritime Safety Administration
* Ka-32A
* 1 Sikorsky S-92
# Saltford Lock

Saltford Lock is a canal lock situated on the River Avon, at the village of Saltford, between Bristol and Bath, England.
The Bristol Avon Navigation, which runs the 15 miles (24 km) from the Kennet and Avon Canal at Hanham Lock to the Bristol Channel at Avonmouth, was constructed between 1724 and 1727, following legislation passed by Queen Anne, by a company of proprietors and the engineer John Hore of Newbury. The first cargo of 'Deal boards, Pig-Lead and Meal' arrived in Bath in December 1727. The navigation is now administered by the Canal & River Trust.
The lock and weir are overlooked by the remains of the Kelston Brass Mill, which was working until 1925. It is a grade II listed building. Alongside the lock is the Jolly Sailor pub, whose garden extends over the lock to the small island between the lock and weir. The lock was opened in 1727 and destroyed in 1738 (probably by rival coal dealers) to stop the use of the river for transportation. The pub was built in 1726 for the bargees, when the navigation opened. The wooden fireplace has holes made by newly promoted barge captains using hot pokers.
# Holy Cross Church, Newton Ferrers

Holy Cross Church is a Church of England parish church in Newton Ferrers, Devon, England. The existing church has 13th-century origins, with a major restoration and rebuild of 1885–86. Holy Cross has been a Grade I listed building since 1960.

## History

A church has been in existence at Newton Ferrers since at least 1084, when a church dedicated to St Mary's was recorded in the Saxon Geld Roll. The church was rebuilt by the Ferrers family in the early 12th-century. It was rebuilt again in 1260 and later enlarged by the rector, Rev. Henry de Ferrers, in 1342. Further alterations and enlargement took place in 1460, including the addition of the aisles and tower.
The church underwent a £3,500 restoration in 1885–86 to the design of George Fellowes Prynne. Owing to its dilapidated condition, much of the church was rebuilt. Messrs. Stevenson and son of Newton Ferrers carried out the restoration, with Mr. F. M. Rowse as clerk of the works. Both Prynne and his father, the Rev. George Rundle Prynne, were also involved in supervising the restoration. Many of the new fittings, including the font, pulpit, parclose screens, litany desk and credence table were made by Harry Hems of Exeter. He also carved the bosses in the church's oak wagon roof. The church was reopened by the Bishop of Exeter, the Right Rev. Edward Bickersteth, on 23 February 1886. The restoration left only the west tower and the north and south arcades to retain their medieval structure.

## Architecture

Holy Cross is built of stone rubble with freestone dressings and slate roofs. It is made up of a nave, north and south aisles, chancel, vestry, south porch and west three-stage tower. Many of the 1885–86 windows are in the Perpendicular style. The chancel's south window dates to the 15th-century and the north window to the 13th-century. The church contains a double piscina and triple sedilia, both of which are dated to the 13th or 14th-centuries.

## Churchyard

The churchyard was enlarged in 1884, when the rector, Rev. S. H. Archer, with assistance from his family, purchased a large plot of land on the north side of the existing grounds as a memorial to his late wife. The Bishop of Exeter, the Right Rev. Frederick Temple, consecrated the new ground on 27 October 1884.
# André Damseaux

André Damseaux (5 March 1937 – 29 March 2007) was a Belgian politician, second Minister-President of Wallonia and Member of the European Parliament.

## Life

André Damseaux was born on 5 March 1937 in Verviers, Belgium. In 1961, Damseaux gained a degree in diplomatic science from the University of Liège and a degree in political science from the same university three years later. After working as a journalist with La Meuse newspaper, Damseaux served on the council of Verviers, beginning in 1965. This was a position he would hold for over three decades, ending in 1999.
In 1971, Damseaux began his career in the Parliament of Belgium, a career there which would last until 1999. From 1973 to 1974 Damseaux served as the president of the Liberal Reformist Party in Wallonia. In 1977, Damseaux became a Member of the European Parliament representing Belgium, and became one of the first directly elected Members of the European Parliament in 1979 when direct elections began. In 1981 Damseaux joined the Walloon government, as Minister for External Relations and supervision of municipalities. The same year he began service as the Minister for National Education in the federal government, and in 1982 served as Minister-President of the Walloon Region. However, after suffering protests over his school reforms, Damseaux resigned from his Minister for National Education position on 9 March 1987. From 1989 to 1994 Damseaux was the Mayor of Verviers.
In 1999, Damseaux ceased being a member of the Verviers council, and in 2001 became a member of the Jalhay council. On 29 March 2007 Damseaux died in a Verviers hospital after suffering from a stroke.
# Fabrice Le Vigoureux

Fabrice Le Vigoureux (born 27 August 1969) is a French politician and member of Renaissance. In June 2017, he was elected to serve as Deputy for the 1st constituency of Calvados in the French National Assembly. He was reelected for a second term at the 2022 French legislative election. He stood down at the 2024 election.
# SCAW

SCAW may refer to:
* Sleeping Children Around the World
* Students Coalition Against War
# MendelssohnKammerChor

The MendelssohnKammerChor Berlin (English: MendelssohnChamberChoir Berlin) was named in September 2006 by Volkher Häusler, who had founded the choir in 1986 as Kreuzberger Kantorei. It is a semi-professional mixed choir which is located in Berlin. Volkher Häusler is its artistic director.
The repertoire ranges from early music to 20th-century classical music. Emphasis is made to the vocal music of the members of the Mendelssohn family, Fanny Hensel, Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy and Arnold Mendelssohn.
The MendelssohnKammerChor Berlin was involved in many commercial audio recordings for broadcasting, film und recording media and is member of the Chorverband Berlin (English: Choir Association of Berlin). The choir performs regularly in the chamber music hall of the Berliner Philharmonie and has performed several world premieres of the German composer Volker Wangenheim. The choir also contributes to theatre projects, for example with artists such as Helge Leiberg. The choir mainly gives concerts in the Berlin-Brandenburg area, but also has made concert tours to foreign countries.
The German pharmacologist Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen is patron of the choir.
# Matrix gamma distribution

In statistics, a matrix gamma distribution is a generalization of the gamma distribution to positive-definite matrices. It is effectively a different parametrization of the Wishart distribution, and is used similarly, e.g. as the conjugate prior of the precision matrix of a multivariate normal distribution and matrix normal distribution. The compound distribution resulting from compounding a matrix normal with a matrix gamma prior over the precision matrix is a generalized matrix t-distribution.
A matrix gamma distributions is identical to a Wishart distribution with $\beta {\boldsymbol {\Sigma }}=2V,\alpha ={\frac {n}{2}}.$
Notice that the parameters $\beta$ and ${\boldsymbol {\Sigma }}$ are not identified; the density depends on these two parameters through the product $\beta {\boldsymbol {\Sigma }}$.
# CITIC Press Group

CITIC Press Group (Chinese: 中信出版集团), formerly CITIC Publishing Group, is a publishing company founded in 1988 based in Beijing, China. The publisher is a subsidiary of the state-owned CITIC Group. They engage in digital and physical book retail and provide professional education.

## History

The company was established in 1988 as China CITIC Press.
In 2001, Wang Bin was hired to run the publishing house.
It was reorganized to CITIC Publishing Group in 2008, and renamed back to CITIC Press in 2013.
Since 2010, the CITIC Press Group has been developing a network of bookstores in major airports and other important buildings in China. By December 2015, the company owned 132 bookstores, and announced its plan to open of a 1,000 more the following year.
In January 2017, the company announced the launch of its content product aggregation platform Citic Academy. In September 2017, the CITIC Press Group signed a deal with Japan's Culture Convenience Club to create a joint cultural content distribution platform.
# Saint-Martin-d'Ary

Saint-Martin-d'Ary (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France. There are three parts that make up Saint-Martin-d'Ary. People who live there are called Saint-Martinois and the Saint-Martinoises. The church and its town hall, the town hall and school located at Les Sables, and a suburb bordering Montguyon
# FPS Magazine

FPS Magazine or fps magazine or Frames Per Second Magazine was a magazine specializing in animation, with reviews of animated films and other articles of interest to animation fans.

## History and profile

fps was founded as a print magazine in 1991 by Montreal-based animation and technology writer Emru Townsend. The last print issue was released in December 1999. fps became a web-based publication on 22 February 2003, turing a blog, podcasts and PDF issues of the magazine. fps ceased active publication in 2010 following the death of Emru Townsend from leukemia.
fps featured a distinguished group of contributors, including filmmakers J.Walt Adamczyk, Charlie Bonifacio, Armen Boudjikanian, Mike Caputo, and Marc Elias; Michael A. Ventrella, founder of Animato! magazine, writers Brett D. Rogers and Fred Patten, author Carl Gustav Horn, academic Marc Hairston, and Tamu Townsend, writer and sister of publisher Emru Townsend.

## Reception

* Animation Insider praised the regular writing cast. They state that "the magazine is packed to the gills with interesting feature articles and product reviews that appeal to your average, or not so average, animation fan."
# Natá, Coclé

Natá is a town and corregimiento on the Pan-American Highway in Natá District, Coclé Province, Panama. It is the seat of Natá District. Its population as of 2010 was 6,003 as of 2010. The closest larger city is Penonomé. The city of Aguadulce is about 10 kilometers away. The small town has a primary school, high school, bank, post office, and pharmacy.

## History

The town is the third oldest surviving town in Panama, having been founded by the Spanish on May 20, 1522, after Nombre de Dios and Panama City. It is the second oldest town founded by Europeans on the Pacific coast after Panama City. The full name of this historical city is Natá de Los Caballeros, where Natá is commemorating local cacique Anata and "Los Caballeros", 100 Spanish knights quartered in the city.
It is home to a church which claims to be the oldest church still in Tierra Firme. The church was thought to be built when Spanish invaders originally came through Central America conquering the Native Indian tribes. The church is believed to be from the 16th century. Currently, the church is in good condition, the roof was recently repaired with Nispero an extremely hardy and insect proof wood. thanks to care from the residents and frequent restorations. The church is used by residents of Natá every day for Catholic mass and festivals for the town.
Natá's population as of 1990 was 5,158; its population as of 2000 was 5,902.
# SCATS (disambiguation)

SCATS as an acronym may refer to:
* Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System, an urban traffic control system
* Southern Counties Agricultural Trading Society, an agricultural supplies and services company
* Study Centre for the Advancement of Technology and Social Welfare, a Sri Lankan voluntary organisation
* StapleCross Amateur Theatrical Society, a drama group
Scats may also refer to:
# Melanoplus militaris

Melanoplus militaris, the military spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
# Matěj Poustevník

Matěj Poustevník (fl. 1520s) was a radical Anabaptist lay preacher from Žatec. Poustevník was with Jan Dubčanský ze Zdenína a co-founder of the pacifist Moravian Habrovanite Brethren.
# Ezra Getzler

Ezra Getzler (born 9 February 1962 in Melbourne) is an Australian mathematician and mathematical physicist.

## Education and career

Getzler studied from 1979 to 1982 at the Australian National University in Canberra (bachelor's degree with honours in 1982). In 1982 he moved to Harvard University with a Fulbright Scholarship; he received his PhD in 1986 under Arthur Jaffe, with a thesis entitled Degree theory for Wiener maps and supersymmetric quantum mechanics.
From 1986 to 1989 he was a Junior Fellow at Harvard. He then moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he became assistant professor in 1989 and associate professor in 1993. In 1997 he became associate professor at Northwestern University and since 1999 he is full professor.
He was a guest professor at several universities, including the Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in Bonn (1996), the École Normale Supérieure (1992), the Institut Henri Poincaré (2007), the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, the Imperial College London (2007/8), and the University of Paris VI. In 2002 and in 2003/4 he was at the Institute for Advanced Study.
From 1991 to 1993 a Sloan Research Fellow. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

## Research

Getzler is known for his new proof (1983) of the Atiyah–Singer index theorem using supersymmetry, based upon ideas of Luis Álvarez-Gaumé and Edward Witten in mathematical physics. In addition to mathematical physics, he works on algebraic geometry, category theory, and algebraic topology.

## Works

* with Nicole Berline, Michèle Vergne, Heat Kernels and Dirac Operators, Springer Verlag, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, 1992.
* Pseudodifferential operators on supermanifolds and the Atiyah–Singer index theorem, Communications in Mathematical Physics, Vol. 92, 1983, p. 163, Online
* A short proof of the Atiyah–Singer index theorem, Topology 25 (1987), 111–117.
* The local Atiyah–Singer index theorem, in Konrad Osterwalder, Raymond Stora (eds.): Critical phenomena, random systems, gauge theories (Les Houches Lectures 1984), North-Holland, Amsterdam-New York, 1986, pp. 967–974.
* Editor with Mikhail Kapranov: Higher category theory, Workshop Northwestern University 1997, American Mathematical Society 1998.
# Houle Island

Houle Island is a low rocky island 2 kilometres (1 nmi) west of Ressac Island and about 6 kilometres (3.5 nmi) north-northeast of Zelee Glacier Tongue, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1949–51, and so named by them because the surf breaks over this low-lying island. "Houle" is a French word for surge or swell.
# Hohes Aderl

The Hohe Aderl is a 3,506 metres (11,503 ft) high mountain peak of the Venediger Group in East Tyrol.

## Location

The Hohes Aderl is the fourth highest mountain in the Venediger Group. It has an elevation of 3,506 metres (11,503 ft) and prominence of 39 metres (128 ft). Its isolation from its nearest higher neighbor, Großvenediger, is 848 metres (2,782 ft). It drains via the Isel and Drava into the Danube.
The Hohe Aderl is located in the center of the Venediger Group in the crest of the Hohen Gletscherdachs (High Glacier Roof) just south of the border between the federal state of Salzburg and East Tyrol, in the north of Prägraten am Großvenediger municipality. Located in the heart of the Hohe Tauern National Park, the Hohe Aderl is located on the southern ridge of the Großvenediger, which rises to 3,657 metres (11,998 ft) above sea level. Since the Hohe Aderl is only slightly higher than the Hohes-Aderl-Scharte, which is 3,480 metres (11,420 ft) above sea level, the summit is not rated as an independent peak.
To the south, the southern ridge of the Großvenediger continues to the Hohe Ader (3225 m above sea level), which ends in the Schwarzer Ader (2988 m above sea level). In the east is the Rainertörl (3406 m above sea level), where the Schlatenkees in the north meets the Inner Mullwitzkees in the south. The Rainertörl separates the Hohe Aderl from the Rainerhorn (3559 m above sea level). In the west there is another glacier, the Dorferkees. The closest refuges are the Neue Prager Hütte in the northeast, the Kürsingerhütte in the northwest, the Badener Hütte in the southwest and Defreggerhaus and Eisseehütte in the south.

## Climbing

The Hohes Aderl was first climbed in 1854 by H. v. Acken with assistants. The first winter ascent was achieved by R. Spannagel with J. Unterwurzacher and J. Ensmann on 27 May 1892.
The normal route to the Hohe Aderl starts in the Rainertörl, which can be reached, for example, via the Großvenediger south ascent from the Defreggerhaus via the Innere Mullwitzkees. The ascent from Rainertörl takes place on a moderately inclined snow slope to the summit (not difficult). An alternative is to climb the southwest ridge from the Aderschartl.