OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph Rayback

Joseph G. Rayback (1914–1983) was a professor of history in the United States.

## Career

He served in the United States Navy and earned a Ph.D. in American history at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. For many years, he was a professor of history and chair of the department at Pennsylvania State University. He was faculty advisor to Phi Alpha Theta, the honorary in history and with Donald B. Hoffmann helped to organize the society on a national basis. He served on the editorial board of the journal, The Historian, published by Phi Alpha Theta. Following service at Penn State, Rayback taught American history at the University of Saskatchewan in western Canada. In 1966, he was appointed professor of history at Temple University. Among the courses he taught at the undergraduate level at Temple were American social and political history. At the graduate level he held seminars in Slavery and Antislavery and the Antebellum period.
Rayback studied the issues of American politics from 1830 to 1860 including federal politics of the slavery issue, and the rise of the Republican Party. He mentored dissertations in antebellum history, including the Antimasonic movement in New York State. As a corollary to this work, Rayback also became a scholar of early immigration policy in the U.S.
In 1959, Rayback wrote a history of the American labor movement.
Rayback was working on a biography of president Martin van Buren when he died in 1983. He had collected an immense amount of data on New York state elections in the period 1820-1860. The half-completed work was expanded and finished by Jerome Mushkat, a professor emeritus of history at the University of Akron. Another of Rayback's students was William H. Brackney, professor of Christian Thought and Ethics at Acadia University in Nova Scotia.

## Personal life

Rayback was married to Virginia Kay Rayback and was brother to Robert J. Rayback, formerly professor of history at Syracuse University and author of Millard Fillmore: A Biography. Rayback was an active lay leader in the Episcopal Church, University Park, Pennsylvania.

## Published works

* Mushkat, Jerome and Rayback, Joseph G. Martin Van Buren: Law, Politics, and the Shaping of Republican Ideology. DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-87580-229-X
* Rayback, Joseph. Free Soil: The Election of 1848. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1971. ISBN 0-8131-1222-2
* Rayback, Joseph G. A History of American Labor. Rev. and exp. ed. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., 1974. ISBN 1-299-50529-5
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# Sage thrasher

The sage thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus) is a medium-sized passerine bird from the family Mimidae, which also includes mockingbirds, tremblers, and New World catbirds. It is the only member of the genus Oreoscoptes. This seems less close to the Caribbean thrashers, but rather to the mockingbirds instead (Hunt et al. 2001, Barber et al. 2004).

## Description

Oreoscoptes montanus are pale grey-brown on the upperparts and white with dark streaks on the underparts. They have a slim straight relatively short bill, yellow eyes and a long tail, although not as long as that of other thrashers.
Measurements:
* Length: 7.9-9.1 in (20-23 cm)
* Weight: 1.4-1.8 oz (40-50 g)
* Wingspan: 12.6 in (32 cm)

## Breeding

As its name suggests, this bird breeds in western North America, from southern Canada to northern Arizona and New Mexico. Its breeding habitat is in areas with dense stands of sagebrush and rarely in other shrubby areas. Their nests are made of twigs, rootlets and bark strips, lined with fine rootlets. The female lays 4 or 5 eggs in a twiggy cup nest built in a low bush. Both parents incubate and feed the young birds.

## Migrating

In winter, these birds migrate to the southernmost United States and Mexico, including the Baja Peninsula, north and south.

## Diet

They mainly eat insects in summer; they also eat berries, especially in winter. They usually search for insects on the ground in brushy locations.

## Vocalization

The male bird sings a series of warbled notes to defend his nesting territory.

## Conservation

These birds have declined in some areas where sagebrush has been removed but are still common where suitable habitat remains. The continued decline of sagebrush habitats in western North America is cause for alarm for this and other sagebrush dependent species.
# Grønvoll

Grønvoll is a village in the municipality of Nittedal, Norway. Its population (2005) is 1,530.
* This Akershus location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Qud

Qud or QUD may refer to:
* Caves of Qud, a roguelike role-playing video game.
* Kichwa language, a Quechuan language with ISO 639-3 code qud.
* QUD, regional airport code for Damanhur, Egypt
# Flückiger

Flückiger is a habitational surname for someone from a place near Bern in Switzerland called Flückingen. Notable people with the surname include:
* Friedrich August Flückiger (1828–1894), Swiss pharmacist, chemist and botanist
* Hans Flückiger (born 1926), Swiss cyclist
* Marcel Flückiger (1929–2010), Swiss footballer
* Mathias Flückiger (born 1988), Swiss mountain bike racer
* Lukas Flückiger (born 1984), Swiss mountain bike racer
* Pierre-André Flückiger (born 1919), Swiss sports shooter
* Sylvia Flückiger-Bäni (born 1952), Swiss politician
# Koumbia, Guinea

Koumbia is a town and sub-prefecture in the Gaoual Prefecture in the Boké Region of north-western Guinea. As of 2014 it had a population of 45,970 people.
# Hymns (Loretta Lynn album)

Hymns is the fifth solo studio album and first Gospel album by American country music singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn. It was released on November 15, 1965, by Decca Records.
The album consists of 12 gospel and inspirational songs that were either popular over the years or were written by Lynn for this album. Well known Christian songs such as "How Great Thou Art" and "In the Sweet By and By" appear on the album.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
In the issue dated November 27, 1965, Billboard published a review of the album, saying that "Loretta Lynn proves once again that whatever she does, she does to perfection and that's exactly what this glorious program of heartfelt performances contains. "Where No One Stands Alone" and "Peace in the Valley" are two exceptional examples of the feel and tenderness she has for this all too important music. Destined for a high spot on the LP chart.

## Commercial performance

The album debuted at No. 16 on the US Billboard Hot Country Albums chart dated January 22, 1966. It peaked at No. 10 on the chart dated February 12. The album spent a total of 17 weeks on the chart.
The album's only single, "Everybody Want to Go to Heaven", was released in November 1965 and did not chart.

## Recording

Recording of the album took place on June 3, 7 and 8, 1965, at RCA Victor Studio in Nashville, Tennessee.

## Personnel

Adapted from the album liner notes and Decca recording session records.
* Mae Boren Axton – liner notes
* Harold Bradley – guitar
* Owen Bradley – producer
* Floyd Cramer – piano
* Buddy Harman – drums
* Don Helms – steel guitar
* Junior Huskey – bass
* Loretta Lynn – lead vocals
* Grady Martin – guitar
* Wayne Moss – guitar

## Charts

| Chart (1966) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Albums (Billboard) | 10 |
# Oldřich Škácha

Oldřich Škácha (16 October 1941 – 29 March 2014) was a Czech photographer and anti-communist dissident during the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic era in the 1970s. He was a signatory of Charter 77 in 1977.
Škácha worked as a photographer for numerous Czech and Czechoslovakian magazines and publications, as well as Barrandov Studios. He was known as a longtime photographer of Vaclav Havel during the communist and post-communist periods.
Oldřich Škácha died from a lengthy illness on 29 March 2014, at the age of 72.
# Free (Jann Arden album)

Free is the eighth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Jann Arden, released in 2009 featuring the single "A Million Miles Away". The album debuted at #9 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album includes Arden's version of the Michael Bublé single "Lost", which is co-written by Arden. American country music group SHeDAISY perform background vocals.

## Track listing

* "Free" (Jann Arden, Kristyn Osborn, Connie Harrington)
* "Daughter Down" (Arden, Osborn, Harrington)
* "The Devil Won" (Arden)
* "Yeah You" (Arden, Osborn)
* "Away" (Arden)
* "Until This" (Arden, Osborn)
* "You Are Everything" (Arden)
* "Everybody's Broken" (Arden, Osborn)
* "A Million Miles Away" (Arden, Russell Broom)
* "All the Days" (Arden)
* "Lost" (Michael Bublé, Arden, Alan Chang, Amy Foster-Gilles, Philip Noone)

## Personnel

* Adapted from AllMusic:
* Chris Graffagnino - guitar
* Kristyn Kassidy - backing vocals
* Bruce Leitl - bass, keyboards, percussion
* Kelsi Osborn - backing vocals
* SHeDAISY - backing vocals
* Jonathan Yudkin - banjo, cello, Celtic harp, resonator guitar, mandocello, mandola, mandolin, orchestra bells, double bass, triangle, viola, violectra, violin
* Jann Arden - vocals

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Canadian Albums (Billboard) | 9 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold |
# CHER-FM

CHER-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting from Sydney, Nova Scotia, at 98.3 FM. The station broadcasts a classic rock format branded as Max 98.3, although some current rock songs can be played on this station. The station is owned and operated by the Maritime Broadcasting System.
The station hit the airwaves in December 1965, broadcasting at 950 AM until June 11, 2007 when it officially switched to 98.3 FM. On August 11, 2006, the station received CRTC approval to convert to the FM dial which officially occurred at 10:00 a.m. on June 11, 2007; the final song played before the official switchover was "The Long and Winding Road" by The Beatles. The FM signal had a brief testing period before the switch, playing a wide variety of rock, pop and oldies songs. The owners of the station had received numerous complaints for poor signal quality on AM 950 prior to applying for the FM license.
CHER was an oldies station from 1995 to 2005 when it changed its format to classic hits. Before 1995, it was an adult contemporary station. CHER applied for an FM license in 1995, but the application was denied. In 2010, the station's format was changed to its current classic rock format.
CJCB and CKPE-FM are its sister stations.
# Joseph Sattler

Joseph Kaspar Sattler (20 July 1867, Schrobenhausen - 12 May 1931, Munich) was a German painter, bookplate artist and Art Nouveau illustrator. He is best remembered for his work that appeared in the magazine Pan.

## Biography

After an apprenticeship as a painter and gilder in Landshut, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich and became a free-lance artist. He produced a wide variety of illustrative material and briefly worked for the "Reichsdruckerei" (Imperial Printing Office). An old friendship with Léon Hornecker led him to the École des Arts Décoratifs in Strasbourg in 1891, where he was briefly retained as a drawing instructor. After that, he was able to publish his works under the aegis of Charles Spindler and, with the support of Gustave Stoskopf, participated in the Paris Salon. In 1894, the magazine La Plume arranged an invitation for him to exhibit at the Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin.
Three years later, he designed the "Nibelungenschrift" (a type font)., which was used for his monumental work "Die Nibelungen", displayed at the Exposition Universelle (1900). Only 200 copies were ever printed. He also devised a familiar Art Nouveau font that is named after him. He returned to Strasbourg in 1904 and was appointed a Professor at the École in 1917. After the war, he moved to Munich where he lived with his sister and studied lithography. In addition to Pan (one of his posters was published in Les Maîtres de l'Affiche), many of his illustrations appeared in Simplicissimus.
# Grøntjernkollen

Grøntjernkollen is a mountain on the border of Holmestrand Municipality in Vestfold county and Kongsberg Municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The 513-metre (1,683 ft) tall mountain is located about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) northwest of the village of Hof, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest of the village of Eidsfoss, and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Hvittingfoss. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Skibergfjellet and Vestfjellet to the northeast and Buaren to the southeast. The lake Hajeren surrounds the mountain to the west and south.
# Quddus

Quddus (Quddūs قدوس) is one of the names of God in Islam, meaning "The Most Holy". It may also serve as a name, typically in construct form with "abd". See:
* Abdul Quddus, Male theophoric given name
* Ruhul Quddus (disambiguation), Male theophoric given name
* Quddus (TV personality) (born 1980), Canadian television personality

## People

* Quddús (1820–1849), title of the most prominent disciple of the Báb
* Quddus Fielea (born 1967), Tongan rugby union footballer
* Quddus Khojamyarov (1918–1994), Uyghur Kazakhstani composer and musical performer
* Quddus Mirza (born 1961), Pakistani artist and critic
* Quddus Muhammadiy (1907–1997), Uzbek writer
* Shahrukh Quddus (born 1996), Kuwaiti cricketer
* S. Mohammad Quddus Zaman (born 1960), Bangladeshi High Court justice
# Flüela Wisshorn

The Flüela Wisshorn is a mountain of the Silvretta Alps, overlooking the Flüela Pass in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

## Access roads

The climbing route starts from the road which leads to the Fluela pass (2383 m). You can get there by following an attractive road from Davos in the north-west or from Susch in the east.

## The normal route to the summit

You can start walking directly from the pass or from the parking at 2207 m above the sea level below the pass in the direction of Davos. This is a simple walk in the north-east direction towards the Winterlucke pass which is at 2787 m. From there the summit is clearly visible, just follow the rocky ridge.
# Hypericum hirtellum

Hypericum hirtellum is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is native to Iran and Iraq and is found on chalky, sandy soil at elevations of 300–2,000 meters.

## Description

The species is a perennial herb that grows up to 0.66 meters tall. It grows either entirely upright, or with the ends of its stems upright. Roots can sometime be seen at the base from which the stems branch. The stems are usually covered in soft white hairs and many small red point-shaped glands. The length of stem between leaves is 5–20 millimeters.
The leaves are directly attached to the stem and are blue-green in color. The leaf blades can vary in size, measuring 4–25 by 1.5–4 mm. They are normally linear in shape, with a round tip and flat base. There are many small pale glands on all parts of the leaf blade except the edges. The leaves are also covered in fine, white hairs on both the upper and lower sides. These hairs are triangular in shape and are covered in many small grooves, and their shape may be an adaptation to the dry habitat of the Irano-Turanian floristic region where the species is found.
Each inflorescence has many flowers and is shaped like a narrow pyramid. They are made up of clusters of 3–11 flowers that are supported by a single stem. The larger bracts are long and narrow, while the smaller bracteoles are lance-shaped. The flowers are around 1–1.5 centimeters wide with petals that curve sharply downwards. The petals are yellow, sometimes with a tint of red, and measure 4–8 by 2–5 mm in size. The sepals are the same length as the petals, and are covered in fine white hairs. Each flower has around 25 stamens with yellow filaments, the longest of which is around 5–7 mm. The seeds are a reddish-brown color and are roughly 2.5 mm long.

## Taxonomy

The species was originally described under the name Drosanthe hirtella by Édouard Spach in 1836. The species of Drosanthe were later subsumed into Hypericum, and the species was renamed Hypericum hirtellum by Pierre Edmond Boissier in 1849. In 1967, as part of his monograph of the genus Hypericum, Norman Robson reassigned the Syrian species Hypericum assyriacum to be a variety of H. hirtellum, named H. hirtellum var. assyriacum. The species is most closely related to other species in subsection Platyadenum of section Hirtella, especially Hypericum asperulum, H. scabrum, and H. davisii.
# Oliver Napier

Sir Oliver Napier (11 July 1935 – 2 July 2011) was the first leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland. In 1974 he served as the first and only Legal Minister and head of the Office of Legal Reform in the Northern Ireland power-sharing executive set up by the Sunningdale Agreement.

## Early life

Napier was educated at St. Malachy's College, Belfast and the Queen's University of Belfast before starting work as a solicitor.

## Political career

Napier joined the Ulster Liberal Party, rising to become vice president by 1969. That year, he led a group of four party members who joined the New Ulster Movement, accepting the post of joint chairman of its political committee. The Liberal Party promptly expelled him, but, working with Bob Cooper, he used his position to establish a new political party, the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland, which sought to become a political force that could command support from across the divided communities of the province, but remaining pro-union. This aimed to offer an alternative to what Napier described as the sectarianism of the Ulster Unionist Party. Despite his faith he was a supporter of the Union.
He served as the party's joint leader from 1970 until 1972, then as its sole leader from 1973 to 1984. Under his leadership Alliance participated in successive assemblies that sought to solve the debate on the province's position, including the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973 in which Napier was a minister in the power-sharing Executive. In 1979 he came closer to winning a seat in the Westminster Parliament than any other Alliance candidate up to that point when he was less than a thousand votes behind Peter Robinson's winning total in Belfast East in a tight three-way marginal. This record was beaten in 2010, when Naomi Long ousted Robinson from the same seat. When Napier stepped down as leader in 1984 he received many plaudits for his work. The following year he was knighted and in 1989 he stood down from Belfast City Council, seemingly to retire.
However, in 1995 he returned to the political fray when he contested the North Down by-election for the Alliance, standing again in the 1997 general election.
In 1996 he was elected to the Northern Ireland Peace Forum for North Down.
Prior to his death Oliver Napier was the last prominent member of the Ulster Liberal Party.

## Public positions

Napier served on the board of governors of the first integrated school in Northern Ireland, Lagan College.
# Free (Free album)

Free is the second studio album by English rock band Free, recorded and released in 1969. It saw the burgeoning of the songwriting partnership between Paul Rodgers and 16-year-old bassist Andy Fraser; eight of the nine songs are credited to the two.
The album performed poorly, failing to chart in the UK and in the US. The single releases, "Broad Daylight" and "I'll be Creepin'", also failed. Two songs from the album, "I'll be Creepin'" and "Woman", were later covered by the American rock band Three Dog Night.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Track listing

All tracks written by Andy Fraser and Paul Rodgers unless otherwise noted.

### Side one

* "I'll Be Creepin'" – 3:27
* "Songs of Yesterday" – 3:33
* "Lying in the Sunshine" – 3:51
* "Trouble on Double Time" (Fraser, Rodgers, Simon Kirke, Paul Kossoff) – 3:23
* "Mouthful of Grass" – 3:36

### Side two

* "Woman" – 3:50
* "Free Me" – 5:24
* "Broad Daylight" – 3:15
* "Mourning Sad Morning" – 5:04

## Personnel

* Paul Rodgers – lead vocals
* Paul Kossoff – lead guitar
* Andy Fraser – bass guitar, rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, piano
* Simon Kirke – drums, percussion
* Chris Wood – flute on "Mourning Sad Morning"
# Caelostomus monardi

Caelostomus monardi is a species in the ground beetle family Carabidae. It is found in Cameroon.
# Joseph Britton

Joseph Britton may refer to:
* J. A. Britton (Joseph Albert Britton, 1839–1929), American bridge builder
* Joseph Britton (politician) (1911–1995), Australian politician
* Joseph Britton (lithographer) (1825–1901), co-founder of San Francisco Gold Rush era lithography studio and civic leader
# Holtsee

Holtsee is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
The location of Holtsee is south of the municipality of Goosefeld or Altenhof, but north of Sehestedt or Lindau, and east of Haby.
# Grégoire Nitot

Grégoire Patrick Clément Nitot (born in 1976 in Caen) is a French-Polish entrepreneur and sports activist. He is the founder and CEO of Sii Poland, and since 2020, the owner and president of the Polonia Warsaw football club.

## Life

Grégoire Nitot grew up living on a boat on the Seine in Paris. Initially, he wanted to become a professional soccer player. At the age of about 18, he decided to tie his future to business. To realize this plan, he completed a master's degree at the Rennes School of Business. In 2000, he came to Poland, where he studied for a year at the Warsaw School of Economics under the Erasmus student exchange program. After completing his studies, he returned to France. He has lived in Poland since 2006 and received Polish citizenship in 2016.

## Career

After working as a Sales Manager in the IT industry in Paris for several years, in 2006 he decided to move to Poland and set up Sii Poland. With €30,000 in savings, he began looking for an investor. After successful negotiations with Sii France, with a capital of €100,000, he launched his individual entrepreneurship in an apartment in downtown Warsaw. By 2022, Sii Poland had transformed into an organization generating annual revenues of PLN 1.91 billion net, with PLN 260 million in profits, employing 8,000 specialists in 15 branches across the country. It also opened a subsidiary, Sii Sweden, and strategically acquired of Sii Ukraine in 2021.
As of 2018, Nitot owns the Tawerna Kashubska hotel and restaurant in Brodnica Dolna.
In March 2020, Grégoire Nitot invested in Polonia Warsaw football club, saving it from bankruptcy. The two-time Polish champion returned to the central level after a five-year absence. In 2022, Polonia Warsaw was promoted to the II league.

## Controversies

Opponents of Nitot's buying of Polonia Warszawa organized a campaign of threats and slander against him and Sii Poland in 2020. In response, Sii Poland has launched a widely reported campaign titled "Haterade is not OK." Furthermore, Nitot has been accused of unlawfully firing an employee for creating a workers' union in Sii Poland and afterwards wrote a mail to the victim with an explanation, in which the victim is accused of "supporting extremism, working there for just 6 months not knowing the company all too well and yet being detrimental to its further work". Addressing the claims of Krystian being fired were true, but the actual reason would be his and the workers' union's "hatred and hurtful action against Sii Poland", of which an example Nitot presented a part of a speech about obeying work laws in Poland and France

## Personal life

He married a Polish woman, Irena, with whom he has four children, Szymon, Juliette, Chloe, and a foster daughter, Kamila.
# Quarnstedt

Quarnstedt is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.