OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter Gregg (musician)

Peter Gregg (born March 6, 1951, Kent, Ohio) is a producer and musician. Gregg played lead guitar on the earliest recordings of the prototype predecessor to the musical group Devo, under his stage name Coupe de Ville.
Gregg later worked as an engineer at the Record Plant Studios in Los Angeles, as a cameraman for Merv Griffin Productions at Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip, at MTV in New York City, and as a technical director for WWE.
He produced "CARACOL: The Last Maya City" for PBS.
# Peter Gregory (academic)

Peter Gregory is a former professor of Global Food Security at the University of Reading where he was also previously dean and pro-vice chancellor until 2005. He was the chief executive of the Scottish Crop Research Institute. He was later chief executive of East Malling Research.
# Peter Cheal

Peter Edward Cheal (1846 – 12 January 1931) was a prominent surveyor in the settlement of New Zealand during the mid and late 19th century.

## Biography
### London

Peter Edward Cheal was born and educated in London, where he trained as a mining engineer and surveyor and joined the Middlesex Engineering Volunteers.

### New Zealand
#### Auckland

He emigrated to New Zealand in 1864 aboard the "Eagle Speed", and in 1865 joined the Survey Department in Auckland, assisting the Transport Corps during the Waikato campaign. He was licensed under the Native Land Act in 1865, and gazetted in 1870, spending much of the late 1860s surveying in the Thames goldfield and in Native Land Surveys.

#### Waimate Plains

In 1871 Cheal was appointed to the Waimate Plains in South Taranaki, where he was in charge of six survey parties, which consisted of 100 men each. Here Cheal and his parties came into conflict with Taranaki Māori under the leadership of Te Whiti and Tohu, who had Mr. Cheal and his staff placed in carts and removed from the plains. An Armed Constabulary unit numbering 800 men was sent to restore order, and with their protection the surveyors resumed their work.

#### Faith and family

Cheal was married to Eliza Shalders on 3 January 1876. Together they had four children; Ethel, May, Alfred and Ernest. Eliza was the daughter of leading Baptist minister Richard Barcham Shalders, the founder of the Auckland Baptist Tabernacle and the New Zealand branch of the YMCA. Cheal himself was a devout Christian, and would often hold evangelical services as part of his visitations to various surveying camps.

#### Taranaki

During the mid-late 1870s Cheal was involved with Edwin Stanley Brookes, Jnr. in the surveying of land on the eastern side of the mountain, surveying the town of Inglewood in 1875, and laying out the town of Stratford in 1879, where the nearby Cheal Road takes its name from the surveyor.
In 1881 Cheal took part in the march on Parihaka as a member of the Hāwera Cavalry.

#### Return to Auckland

In the 1880s Cheal returned to Thames where he was appointed in charge of the local Survey Office, and in 1886 he moved to Auckland where he established a private practice as a mining engineer and surveyor. He became a member of the New Zealand Institute of Surveyors in 1890. He was actively engaged in various parts of the Coromandel Peninsula during the mining boom of 1895, and continued his private practice in Auckland until 1919.

#### Death and legacy

Cheal died aged 84 years in Auckland in 1931. His son Alfred W. Cheal, and grandson Laurence H. Cheal, also went on to become surveyors and members of the New Zealand Institute of Surveyors.
# Peter Checkland

Peter Checkland (born 18 December 1930, in Birmingham, UK) is a British management scientist and emeritus professor of systems at Lancaster University. He is the developer of soft systems methodology (SSM): a methodology based on a way of systems thinking systems practice. Systems practice is the idea of uncovering an optimal solution within complex environments, thus leading to a thorough understanding of the system, analysing and adapting to change in the environment. In an important way his work preceded data science and change management disciplines in the next century.

## Biography

Checkland attended George Dixon's Grammar School, and in 1954 received a M.A. degree in chemistry at St John's College, Oxford, where he graduated with 1st class honours.
He worked in the industry for 15 years as a manager in ICI's chemicals business. At the end of the 1960s he joined the pioneering department of Systems Engineering at Lancaster University, where he became professor of Systems. At Lancaster he led a programme of action research. This research team developed a new way of tackling problem situations faced by managers – Soft Systems Methodology. The SSM approach is now used and taught worldwide. Since the 1990s he is Professor Emeritus of Systems in Lancaster University Management School.
Peter Checkland worked on the editorial board of journals such as European Journal of Information Systems; the International Journal of Information Management; the International Journal of General Systems; the Systems Practice; and the Systems Research journal.
In 1986 Peter Checkland was president of the Society for General Systems Research, now International Society for the Systems Sciences. In May 1996 he was awarded an honorary degree from the Open University as Doctor of the University. In 2004 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Economics, Prague. In 2007 he was awarded the Beale Medal by the OR Society, in recognition of his sustained and significant contribution to the philosophy, theory and practice of operational research. In 2008 he received the INCOSE Pioneer Award.
# Petra Teveli

Petra Prokoppne Teveli (born 1 November 1979 in Siófok) is a Hungarian marathon runner. In 2008, she set her personal best time of 2:35:21 by finishing fifth in the Turin Marathon.
Teveli represented Hungary at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's marathon. She finished the race in sixty-fifth place by just a minute ahead of Rwanda's Epiphanie Nyirabarame, with a time of 2:48:32.
# Petronila Creek

Petronila Creek is a river in Texas.
# HD 68402

HD 68402 is a solitary star located in the circumpolar constellation Volans. With an apparent magnitude of 9.09, it is invisible to the naked eye but can be seen with an amateur telescope. This star is located at a distance of 256 light years based on its parallax shift but is drifting away at a rate of 11.60 km/s.
HD 68402 has a classification of G5 IV/V, which indicates that it is a G5 star with the characteristics of a subgiant and main-sequence star. Contrary to its classification, it is actually a G1 dwarf. At present it is slightly more massive than the Sun and has a similar radius to the latter. It radiates at 1.17 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,907 K, which gives it a yellow hue. At an age of 1 billion years HD 68402 has a projected rotational velocity of almost 3 km/s and is metal rich like most planetary hosts (1.94 times to be exact).

## Planetary system

In 2017, a superjovian planet was discovered using doppler spectroscopy data from HARPS and CORALIE. In 2023, the inclination and true mass of HD 68402 b were determined via astrometry.
The HD 68402 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (years) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | 7.9+1.7 −1.5 M$_J$ | 2.239+0.11 −0.075 | 3.15+0.22 −0.14 | 0.225+0.15 −0.082 | 20.3+6.2 −4.1 or 159.7+4.1 −6.2° | — |
# Paul Steck

Paul Steck (born Paul Albert Dugas; 27 May 1866 – 8 July 1924) was a French painter of landscapes, historical scenes, and several portraits from life.

## Biography

Paul Steck was born in Troyes, France. He began his career studying under Jean-Léon Gérôme. In 1896 he was made a member of the Société des Artistes Français. In 1896, he exhibited works in the fifth Salon de la Rose + Croix. In 1900, he won a bronze medal at the Exposition Universelle. In 1911, he was appointed deputy director of the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs in Paris.
Museums in Dieppe, Montauban, and Rouen display his work. He died in Paris.

## Selected works

* Ophelia (1895)
* Judith (1885)
* Quai de la Paille Brugespas
# William Langhorne

William Langhorne may refer to:
* Sir William Langhorne, 1st Baronet (c. 1631–1715), colonial administrator in British India under the East India Company
* Will Langhorne, racing car driver
* William Langhorne, clergyman, who with his brother John Langhorne translated Plutarch's Lives
# Ressia (surname)

Ressia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrés Ressia Colino (born 1977), Uruguayan writer
* Romina Ressia (born 1981), Argentine photographer and artist
# Beecheria

Beecheria is an extinct genus of brachiopod belonging to the order Terebratulida and family Beecheriidae. Fossils of this genus have been found in Mississippian to Permian beds in Eurasia, Australia, North America, and South America. The genus was part of the Levipustula fauna characteristic of cold water conditions. "Nests" of Beecheria have been found in fossil low temperature hydrothermal vent communities from the early Carboniferous in Newfoundland.

## Species

* B. angusta Netschajew 1894
* B. boranelensis Peou and Engel 1979
* B. chouteauensis Weller 1914
* B. curva Smirnova 2009
* B. elliptica Cooper and Grant 1976
* B. expansa Cooper and Grant 1976
* B. kargaliensis Smirnova 2007
* B. lidarensis Diener 1915
* B. magna Jin and Ye 1979
* B. netschajewi Grigor'yeva 1967
* B. samarica Smirnova 2007
# Noregs vaapen

Noregs vaapen is the fifth full-length studio album by Norwegian black metal band Taake. It was released on 19 September 2011.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Hoest.

## Personnel
### Taake

* Hoest – vocals, guitars, bass, drums

### Additional Personnel

* Herbrand Larsen – mastering
* Bjoernar E. Nilsen – mixer, mellotron (track 1 and 5), additional vocals (track 6)
* Nocturno Culto – vocals (track 1)
* Attila – vocals (track 3)
* Demonaz – vocals (track 4)
* V'gandr – vocals (track 4)
* Skaggg – vocals (track 5)
* Lava – guitar solo (track 3)
* Aindiachai – first guitar solo (track 4)
* Gjermund Fredheim – second guitar solo (track 4), guitar solo (track 5), first guitar solo (track 7), banjo (track 5), mandolin (track 6)
* Thurzur – second guitar solo (track 7), sound effects (track 5)
# Modern Naval Battles

Modern Naval Battles is a board game published in 1989 by 3W.

## Contents

Modern Naval Battles is a game in which players use cards to sink each other's ships.

## Reception

Brian Walker reviewed Modern Naval Battles for Games International magazine, and gave it 3 stars out of 5, and stated that "the game is quite fun to play and inevitably provokes lots of whinges and vindictiveness from those types who don't know any better. However, it lacks that certain something which made Enemy In Sight such a joy."
The Chicago Tribune said that "Modern Naval Battles is a simple, playable card game designed for quick play but surprisingly subtle."

## Reviews

* Casus Belli #62
# Republican Township

Republican Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Republican City Township, Harlan County, Nebraska
* Republican Township, Jefferson County, Indiana
* Republican Township, Clay County, Kansas
# Rex Ingamells

Reginald Charles (Rex) Ingamells (19 January 1913 – 30 December 1955) was an Australian poet, generally credited with being the leading light of the Jindyworobak Movement.
Rex Ingamells was born in Orroroo, South Australia to a Methodist minister, and attended Port Lincoln High School, where he became interested in poetry. He later attended Prince Alfred College and the University of Adelaide. After a trip at the turn of the thirties, Ingamells became fascinated with Indigenous Australian culture, and became inspired to found the Jindyworobaks a few years later.
In 1935, his first book Gum Tops was published. He died near Dimboola, Victoria in a car-crash in 1955.

## Early life

Ingamells was born on 19 January 1913 in Orroroo, South Australia. He was the oldest of four children born to Mabel Gwendolen (née Fraser) and Eric Marfleet Ingamells. His father was a Methodist minister and the family moved frequently around country South Australia during his childhood. Ingamells attended schools in Meadows, Burra and Port Lincoln, before being sent to Adelaide to board at Prince Alfred College from 1927 to 1930. He attended the University of Adelaide and graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1934, majoring in history.
# HMS Obedient

Two destroyers of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Obedient:
* The first, HMS Obedient (1916), launched in 1916, was an Admiralty M-class destroyer that served in World War I, and was sold in 1921.
* The second, HMS Obedient (G48), launched in 1942, was an O-class destroyer that served in World War II, engaging the German heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper on 31 December 1942 (Battle of the Barents Sea). She was broken up in 1962.
# Retiro Airport

Retiro Airport (ICAO: SLRR) is an airstrip serving Retiro in the Beni Department of Bolivia.
# HMCS Cartier

HMCS Cartier was a commissioned surveying ship of the Royal Canadian Navy and saw service during World War I and World War II.

## Pre-naval service

She was built as CGS Cartier for service as a hydrographic survey ship by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, at Newcastle upon Tyne, between 1908 and 1910.
She saw many duties as a ship belonging to the Dominion government. She was utilized by Canada, France, the United States and England while under the Dominion Flag on the East Coast of Canada, and throughout the Atlantic, charting and taking soundings. Cartier was used to chart some of the most dangerous coastal waters into Iceland and the Dominion of Newfoundland. She was also contracted to assist in Marine insurance Investigations.

## World War I

During World War I, CGS Cartier supported the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and was converted to an armed patrol and training vessel for junior officers. However, she was not commissioned into the RCN, and maintained her civilian name as she remained a Dominion asset. The Dominion Government was responsible for her upkeep, as well as arming and manning her. The RCN provided the personnel, however the Dominion government paid them separately from the naval service's budget.

## Inter-war service

CGS Cartier returned to her former service as a hydrographic survey vessel which included work on the Atlantic coast. Her ability to chart exact locations was used extensively to curb smuggling operations and Dominion law enforcement used her as a platform for anti-smuggling operations, resulting in timely searches of suspected smugglers. Notwithstanding this role, she was forever a survey vessel first and foremost.

## World War II

During World War II, CGS Cartier was formally commissioned into the RCN on 18 September 1939, becoming HMCS Cartier. HMCS Cartier became a training ship and then an armed coastal patrol ship before returning to training duties. As a training ship, her hydrographic survey instrumentation saw use in educating officers and crew for Advanced Navigation and Naval Mine Avoidance Navigation.
On 9 December 1941, HMCS Cartier was renamed HMCS Charny, likely to avoid confusion with the French-language naval reserve unit in Montreal, NCSM Cartier. By special dispensation of the Dominion Government, she was given the rare honour of being allowed to continue to fly her commissioning pennant that she received as HMCS Cartier. From this time on, Charny was used as a training vessel and research vessel. She received two Mentioned in Despatches (MID), and was entitled to paint two Oak Leaves on her funnels. The MIDs were received for her assistance in radar research as a target and tracking vessel. At various times, she was fitted with temporary Radar Sets and advanced communication gear, but only for testing purposes.
Upon being paid off, Charny was no longer considered viable, and she was deemed surplus. In 1957, she was scuttled as a derelict, offshore of Sydney, Nova Scotia.
# H and S Railroad

The H and S Railroad (reporting mark HS) was a shortline railroad operating 6 miles (9.7 km) of track from Dothan to Taylor, Alabama. Upon its start in 1992 the railroad was a Gulf & Ohio subsidiary. The railroad was purchased by Genesee & Wyoming Railroad in 2006 and was combined with a neighboring property, the Chattahoochee and Gulf Railroad, to form the Chattahoochee Bay Railroad.

## History

On April 29, 1992 16 miles (26 km) of the Hartford & Slocomb was abandoned between Taylor and Hartford. The remainder was sold by the Itel Corporation to Gulf & Ohio subsidiary H and S Railroad. Primary traffic consisted of railcars moving to and from a repair facility near Taylor.
The railroad remained relatively unchanged until August 30, 2006 when it was sold to Genesee & Wyoming. Operations were merged with the Chattahoochee and Gulf Railroad and are operated as a single railroad.
# H band (infrared)

In infrared astronomy, the H band refers to an atmospheric transmission window centred on 1.65 micrometres with a Full width at half maximum of 0.35 micrometres (in the near-infrared).
Save for a limited amount of absorption by water vapor, Earth's atmosphere is highly translucent at the wavelengths covered by the H band. The window is also notably less likely to be contaminated by infrared excess than other bands.
The band is useful for a range of infrared observations including the imaging of sunspots, spectroscopic investigation of late-type stars, and imaging planetary phenomena such as extraterrestrial vortices or volcanic activity in the solar system. In addition stellar atmospheres are highly transparent in the H band and stellar light in the window originates from deeper in the stellar atmosphere than any other band. It also includes within it access to several sets of spectral lines including for carbon monoxide and cyanide.
# Habrosyne sanguinea

Habrosyne sanguinea is a moth in the family Drepanidae first described by Frederic Moore in 1882. It is found in Sikkim in India, Tibet in China and Nepal.
The wingspan is about 44 mm. The forewings have a bright ferruginous basal patch, bearing a silvery spot below the median nervure, and also creamy white on its outer edge. The outer half of the wing is dark ferruginous brown, with a bright ferruginous streak and patch on the inner margin, the latter with a waved white inner edge. There are two bright ferruginous patches on the costa with white inner edges. The hindwings are dark fuscous.
# Habrosyne violacea

Habrosyne violacea is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It is found in the Russian Far East, Korea, China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Nepal and Sikkim, India.
Its wingspan is about 38 mm and its forewings are olive brown with some blue-grey streaks from the costa and a silvery subbasal spot below the median nervure. There is a medial dark band with waved edges occupying the middle third of the wing, with some yellow on its outer edge towards the inner margin. The reniform is outlined with blue grey and the marginal area is suffused with blue grey. The hindwings are fuscous.

## Subspecies

* Habrosyne violacea violacea (south-eastern Russia, Korean Peninsula, China: Jilin, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Hainan, Sichuan)
* Habrosyne violacea argenteipuncta Hampson, 1893 (Vietnam, Myanmar, Nepal, India: Sikkim, China: Yunnan, Tibet)
# Rhinognophos

Rhinognophos is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Rhinoglottophilia

In linguistics, rhinoglottophilia refers to the connection between laryngeal (glottal) and nasal articulations. The term was coined by James A. Matisoff in 1975.
There is a connection between the acoustic production of laryngeals and nasals, as can be seen from the antiformants both can produce when viewed via a spectrogram. This is because both sounds in a sense have branched resonators: in the production of nasal sound, both the oral cavity and the nasal cavity act as resonators. For laryngeals, the space below the glottis acts as a second resonator, which in turn can produce slight antiformants.
In Krim, a language without contrastive nasal vowels, vowels are nonetheless strongly nasalized after /h/. A similar correspondence occurs after /h/ and /ʔ/ in Pirahã. It is also attested in some varieties of American English, such as [hɑ̃ːvəd] for Harvard by the Kennedys.
Rhinoglottophilia may have occurred historically in the development of Inor, one of the Gurage languages. Inor has nasal vowels, unusual for a Gurage language, and in many cases these occur where the language etymologically had a pharyngeal or laryngeal consonant. Rhinoglottophilia has been documented elsewhere in Gurage, also. Similar processes have also been reported for Irish, Basque, North-Central Hlai and in Nyole, where Bantu *p appears as /ŋ/ rather than as /h/ as in other Luhya dialects.
Avestan also shows the effects of rhinoglottophilia: Proto-Indo-Iranian *s normally becomes h in Avestan, but becomes a velar nasal between a/ā and r, i̯, u̯, or a/ā. Examples include aŋra 'evil' (Sanskrit asra), aŋhat̰ 'he may be' (Sanskrit ásat), and vaŋ́hō 'better' (Sanskrit vasyas).
Rhinoglottophilia may occur with any laryngeal sound, not just specifically glottal ones. For example, correspondences such as Khoekhoe xárà 'meerkat' and Khwe xánà 'banded mongoose' (and similar correspondences between nasalized and nonnasalized clicks) have been explained as pharyngealization of the vowel in proto-Khoe.
# Reverse video

Reverse video (or invert video or inverse video or reverse screen) is a computer display technique whereby the background and text color values are inverted. On older computers, displays were usually designed to display text on a black background by default. For emphasis, the color scheme was swapped to bright background with dark text. Nowadays the two tend to be switched, since most computers today default to white as a background color. The opposite of reverse video is known as true video.
Video is usually reversed by inverting the brightness values of the pixels of the involved region of the display. If there are 256 levels of brightness, encoded as 0 to 255, the 255 value becomes 0 and vice versa. A value of 1 becomes 254, 2 of 253, and so on: n is swapped for r - n, for r levels of brightness. This is occasionally called a ones' complement. If the source image is of middle brightness, reverse video can be difficult to see, 127 becomes 128 for example, which is only one level of brightness different. The computer displays where it was most commonly used were monochrome and only displayed two values so this issue seldom arose.
Reverse video is commonly used in software programs as a visual aid to highlight a selection that has been made as an aid in preventing description errors, where an intended action is performed on an object that is not the one intended. It is more common in modern desktop environments to change the background to other colors such as blue, or to use a semi-transparent background to "highlight" the selected text.
On a terminal understanding ANSI escape sequences, the reverse video function is activated using the escape sequence CSI 7 m (which equals SGR 7).

## Accessibility

Reverse video is also sometimes used for accessibility reasons. When most computer displays were light-on-dark, it was found that users looking back and forth between a white paper and dark screen would experience eyestrain due to their pupils constantly dilating and contracting. Flicker was also an issue with early white-background displays. Today, people with visual impairments such as ocular toxocariasis may find it less tiring to the eyes to work with a predominantly black screen, since modern operating systems usually display a lot of white in a normal use. For the same, white-dominant reason, reverse video is an efficient way to read or write text in a dark environment, since the darkness of the screen may blend into the darkness of the environment.
A number of operating systems, graphical programs, and websites offer dark modes, which serves a similar purpose as what was originally true video and is now reverse video in modern systems.