OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# FCM 1A

The FCM 1A was French heavy tank that served as a prototype of the char 2C.

## Development

The FCM 1A began development in January 1917 when 200 hp engines became available. Trials were planned to start at the beginning of May after the first prototype began construction in April. However, after the failed Nivelle Offensive, the first operation where French tanks were used, all French tank development was halted. After a reversal of that decision, development was repeatedly delayed due to multiple problems.
Testing began on 20 November 1917 after six months of delays. The vehicle was the largest tank built up to that point, measuring 8.27 m (27.1 ft) long. The hull was extremely elongated in order to cross the trenches of the Western Front. The tank originally had a crew of 7, but the crew was reduced to 6 in December. The main armament was a shortened version of the Canon de 105 Court Schneider with a large ammunition capacity of 122 rounds.
It had a Renault 220 hp engine, allowing a maximum speed of 10 km/h (6.2 mph) and a minimum speed of 2 km/h (1.2 mph). The suspension consisted of bogies, sprung by leaf springs, of four wheels. The tank could cross a 3.5 m (11 ft) gap and overcome a 1 m (3.3 ft) gap.
Mobility tests showed issues with the tank’s tracks and with the engine overheating, but mobility was deemed unsatisfactory. Firing tests conducted between 5 and 7 February 1918 also had satisfactory results.
# Euagoras plagiatus

Euagoras plagiatus is an Asian species of assassin bugs (insects in the family Reduviidae), in the subfamily Harpactorinae. It has been investigated as a potential biocontrol agent for Pterophorus lienigianus Z., which is a pest of eggplant (Solanum melongena).
# Constantin von Alvensleben

Reimar Constantin von Alvensleben (26 August 1809 – 28 March 1892) was a Prussian (and later Imperial German) general.
Born at Eichenbarleben in the Province of Saxony, Alvensleben entered the Prussian Guards from the cadet corps as a second lieutenant on 27 July 1827. He became first lieutenant on 14 August 1842, captain on 19 September 1848, and major on the Great General Staff on 18 June 1853, whence after seven years he went to the Ministry of War. He was soon afterwards promoted colonel, and commanded a regiment of Guard infantry up to 1864, when he became a major-general after the Second Schleswig War.
Alvensleben commanded a brigade of guards in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. At the action of Soor (Burkersdorf) on 28 June, he distinguished himself greatly, and at the Battle of Königgrätz where he led the advanced guard of the Guards Corps, his energy and initiative were still more conspicuous. Soon afterwards he succeeded to the command of his division, General Wilhelm Hiller von Gärtringen having fallen in the battle; he was promoted lieutenant-general, and retained this command after the conclusion of peace, receiving in addition the order Pour le Mérite for his services.
In 1870, on the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, Alvensleben succeeded Prince Friedrich Karl in command of the III Army Corps, which formed part of the 2nd German army. But his questionable judgment with ill-considered attacks at Vionville-Mars-la-Tour resulted in heavy casualties. Shortly before his death in 1892 he was awarded the Order of the Black Eagle.
The Prussian Infantry Regiment Nr. 52 in Cottbus was named von Alvensleben in his honour.

## Honours and awards (excerpt)

* Kingdom of Prussia:
** Knight of the Order of the Red Eagle, 4th Class with Swords, 1849; Star to his Red Eagle Order 2nd Class with Oak Leaves and Swords on Ring, 3 July 1869; 1st Class with Oak Leaves and Swords, 16 June 1871; Grand Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords on Ring, 12 January 1892
** Knight of the Order of the Prussian Crown, 2nd Class, 22 September 1863
** Pour le Mérite (military), 20 September 1866; with Oak Leaves, 31 December 1870
** Iron Cross (1870), 1st Class with 2nd Class on Black Band
** Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 12 January 1892
* Ernestine duchies: Commander of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 1st Class, April 1859
* Russian Empire: Knight of the Order of St. George, 3rd Class, 27 December 1870
# Jindřich Uher

Jindřich Uher (18 June 1911 – 26 July 1985) was a Czech and Czechoslovak politician affiliated with the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. He played significant roles in various legislative bodies, including the Constituent National Assembly, National Assembly of Czechoslovakia, and the Federal Assembly. Additionally, Uher served as a minister in several Czechoslovak governments.

## Early life and background

Uher was born on 18 June 1911 in Předměřice nad Labem, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary. He hailed from a family of mechanical locksmiths, with his father being a founding member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Uher's early involvement in the workers' movement began at the age of seven when he joined the Proletarian Gymnastic Unions. In 1931, he became a member of the Communist Party and initially worked as a laborer in a musical instrument factory.
His original profession was a worker in a musical instrument factory in Hradec Králové. Already in the first half of the 1930s, however, he was mostly unemployed and supported himself by occasional work, for example as a carpenter. During the Nazi occupation, Uher actively participated in the resistance, leading to his arrest in June 1940 and an eight-year sentence.

## Political career in Czechoslovakia

Post-World War II, Uher ascended to prominent positions within the Communist Party. His party roles included membership in the Central Committee and holding the position of head secretary in Gottwaldov. He also served in various government capacities, such as deputy chairman and Minister of Agriculture in the government of Antonín Zápotocký and Viliam Široky. Uher further assumed the role of Minister of the Food Industry in the second and third governments of Viliam Široký, and Minister of Internal Trade in the government of Jozef Lenárt.
Uher's parliamentary career extended from the 1946 Constituent National Assembly to the 1968 elections. He continued his service in the National Assembly and later in the People's House of the Federal Assembly after the federalization of Czechoslovakia. Subsequently, Uher took on the role of the Czechoslovak ambassador in Kenya.
Recognized for his contributions, Jindřich Uher received honors such as the Order of 25 February and the Order of the Republic. He passed away on 26 July 1985 in Prague.
# Jammu bent-toed gecko

The Jammu bent-toed gecko (Cyrtopodion mansarulum) is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to northern India.

## Geographic range

C. mansarulum is found in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It may also occur in adjacent northern Pakistan.

## Reproduction

C. mansarulum is oviparous.
# Protocol for the reconstruction of Austria

The protocol for the reconstruction of Austria was an agreement concluded on 4 October 1922 between the government of Austria and the governments of the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Czechoslovakia, which provided for a gradual reconstruction of the Austrian economy under League of Nations supervision. It was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on the same day. The Spanish government acceded to the protocol on 3 November 1922.

## Terms

The protocol consisted of three declarations, all issued on the same date.
In Declaration No. 1, the signatory parties undertook not to violate Austrian territorial or economic independence.
Declaration No. 2 regulated the foreign loans to be granted to the Austrian government and established a Committee of Control, consisting of the other signatory parties, to overlook the allocations of funds during reconstruction.
Declaration No. 3 granted the Austrian government the time required to arrange internal legislation to conform to Declaration No. 2, as well as the right to appeal certain decisions made by the Committee of Control.

## Aftermath

The 1922 protocol was supplemented by the "Austrian Protocol" signed on 15 July 1932, under which the governments of Belgium, Britain, France, Italy and the Netherlands undertook to lend the Austrian government 300,000,000 Austrian schillings for a period of 20 years.
# Pribojske Čelice

Pribojske Čelice is a village in the municipality of Priboj, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 142 people.
# Banksia splendida subsp. splendida

Banksia splendida subsp. splendida is a shrub that is a subspecies of Banksia splendida. It was known as Dryandra speciosa subsp. speciosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia speciosa had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. speciosa and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
# Euaesthetus

Euaesthetus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae.
The genus was first described by Johann Ludwig Christian Gravenhorst in 1806.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Euaesthetus bipunctatus
* Euaesthetus laeviusculus
* Euaesthetus ruficapillus
# Access Bank Tanzania

Access Bank Tanzania (ABT), formerly BancABC Tanzania, is a commercial bank in Tanzania. It is licensed by the Bank of Tanzania, the central bank and national banking regulator.

## Location

The headquarters of ABT are located on the 5th and 6th Floors, at Uhuru Heights, along Bibi Titi Mohammed Road in the city of Dar es Salaam, the financial capital and largest city in Tanzania. The coordinates of the bank's headquarters are 06°48'38.0"S, 39°17'10.5"E (Latitude:-6.810556; Longitude:39.286250).

## History

In 1996, the company started business operations as an asset financing institution. At that time, the shareholders included CDC Capital Partners (CDC), International Finance Corporation (IFC), Tanzania Development Finance Company Limited (TDFL) and the Union Dominions Corporation (UDC). UDC subsequently merged with First Merchant Bank and BARD Investment Services, and thereafter re-branded as "African Banking Corporation". The bank in Tanzania was granted full commercial banking status by the Bank of Tanzania in 2002, under the name African Banking Corporation Tanzania (BancABC Tanzania). BancABC operated as a merchant bank since 2002 and introduced retail banking operations in 2008. In 2004, the ABCH Group acquired 68 percent shareholding in TDFL, with the Government of Tanzania retaining the remaining 32 percent ownership. The international shareholders, including IFC, CDC, DEG, FMO and EIB were paid off.
In June 2024 Access Bank Group, acquired a majority stake in the bank, buying out the shareholding formerly own owned by Atlas Mara Limited. The transaction was concluded in Q3 2024 and BancABC Tanzania rebranded to Access Bank Tanzania. It is expected that the owners will merge the bank with the parts of Standard Chartered Tanzania that they are in the process of acquiring.

## Ownership

Access Bank Tanzania is majority owned by Access Bank Group (ABG), headquartered in Lagos Nigeria, with over 20 banking subsidiaries in Africa, the Middle East and Europe. As of October 2024, ABG controlled 97 percent of the Tanzanian subsidiary.

## Branch network

As of October 2024, ABT maintained a network of interconnected branches at the following locations:
* Head Office: 5th & 6th Floor, Uhuru Heights, Bibi Titi Mohammed Road, Dar es Salaam
* Uhuru Heights Branch: Bibi Titi Mohammed Road, Dar es Salaam
* Kariakoo Branch: Msimbazi Street, Dar es Salaam
* Arusha Branch: 14 & 15, Block "J", Swahili Street, Arusha
* Tegeta Branch: Ground Floor & 2nd Floor, GDB House, 2040 Block H, Tegeta, Dar es Salaam
* Mwanza Branch: 140 Pamba Road & Mitimirefu Street, Mwanza
* Dodoma Branch: 15731 Block "N", Lindi Avenue & Mtendeni Street, Dodoma.

## Governance

The managing director/ceo of the bank as of October 2024, is John Imani.
# Ibiam

Ibiam is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.
# Agyriaceae

The Agyriaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Pertusariales. It contains two genera: Agyrium, and Miltidea. The family was circumscribed by August Carl Joseph Corda in 1838.
In 2018, using a molecular phylogenetic approach coupled with a technique known as "temporal banding", Kraichak and colleagues proposed to fold the family Miltideaceae into the Agyriaceae. A close genetic relationship between these two families had previously been noted. The proposal to subsume Miltideaceae into the Agyriaceae was accepted in a later critical analysis of the temporal banding technique for fungal classification.
# Abu Hudhaifah ibn al-Mughirah

Abu Hudhaifah ibn al-Mughirah (أبو حذيفة بن المغيرة) was a sahaba of Muhammad and the owner of Sumayyah bint Khabbat.

## Biography
### Torturing his slaves

He was a chief leader from the Makhzum and was the owner of Sumayyah bint Khabbat in Mecca and let Summayyah marry Yasir ibn Amir in 566, and they had a child named Ammar. But when they all accepted Islam in c.613, Abu Hudhaifah was very angry and teamed up with Abu Jahl, another chief from that clan, to make up a plan to torture them. During a hot and sunny day, he tied them up outside and placed a big stone on top of them. Every day, Abu Jahl forced them to say bad things about Muhammad and say good things about their idol gods. But they refused to say anything bad about Muhammad. One day, he let Abu Jahl kill Sumayyah with his spear. This was the first martyr in the history of Islam. At the same time, Yasir was very old. One day, Yasir was killed because of the extreme pain that they were giving him. The last one was their son, Amar. They were giving him pain, day and night. One day, during one very big torture, Ammar accepted the idols, even though he still had a strong faith in Allah and he did not mean what he said.

### Conversion to Islam

Abu Hudhaifa converted to Islam in c.630 during en masse when Muhammad, along with 10,000 soldiers, took over Mecca victoriously during the Conquest of Mecca. After that, Abu Hudhaifa became an extremely strong supporter of Muhammad.
# GiMA Award for Best Background Score

The GiMA Best Background Score is given by Global Indian Music Academy as a part of its annual Global Indian Music Academy Awards to recognise the best background music in a Hindi film.

## Superlatives

| Superlative | Singer | Record |
| Most awards | Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy | 2 |
| Most nominations | Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy A. R. Rahman | 4 |
| Most nominations without ever winning | Amit Trivedi Clinton Cerejo | 2 |
| Most nominations in a single year | Sandeep Shirodkar (2011) Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy (2012) | 2 |

## List of winners

* 2010 Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy – My Name Is Khan
* 2011 Sandeep Shirodkar – Dabangg
** Vishal–Shekhar – Tees Maar Khan
** Amit Trivedi – Udaan
** Sandeep Shirodkar – Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai
** Wayne Sharpe – Rajneeti
* 2012 A. R. Rahman – Rockstar
** Clinton Cerejo – Kahaani
** Ram Sampath – Delhi Belly
** Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, Tubby – Don 2
** Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, Tubby for – Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara
* 2013 – (no award given)
* 2014 Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy – Bhaag Milkha Bhaag
** A. R. Rahman – Raanjhanaa
** Raju Singh – Aashiqui 2
** Monty Sharma, Tubby for – Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela
** Pritam – Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani
* 2015 Vishal Bhardwaj – Haider
** A. R. Rahman – Highway
** Amit Trivedi – Queen
** Clinton Cerejo – Dedh Ishqiya
** Tubby–Parik – 2 States
* 2016 Sanchit Balhara – Bajirao Mastani
** Sachin–Jigar – ABCD 2
** Sachin–Jigar – Badlapur
** Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy – Dil Dhadakne Do
** Anupam Roy– Piku
** A. R. Rahman- Tamasha
# Georges Louis Duvernoy

Georges Louis Duvernoy (6 August 1777, Montbéliard, Doubs – 1 March 1855) was a French zoologist. He assisted Georges Cuvier in writing Leçons d'anatomie comparée. He was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1847 and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1851.
He studied in Stuttgart, Strasbourg, and Paris, and in 1802 was asked by Cuvier (a distant cousin) to help edit his masterpiece on comparative anatomy. From notes and counsel from Cuvier, Duvernoy prepared the last three volumes of Leçons d'anatomie comparée, writings that involved respiration, circulation, digestive organs, et al.
In 1805 he returned to Montbéliard, where he worked as a practitioner of medicine. In 1827 he was elected professor to the Faculty of Sciences at Strasbourg, and during the next ten years published a number of treatises on anatomical subjects. After the death of Cuvier in 1832, he worked at arranging his papers for publication. In 1837 he became a professor of natural history at the Collège de France.

## Written works

* Dissertation sur l'hystérie, 1801
* Notice historique sur les ouvrages et la vie de M. Le B'on Cuvier, 1833
* Leçons sur l'histoire naturelle des corps organisés, professées au Collège de France, 1839
* Résumé sur le fluide nourricier, ses réservoirs et son mouvement, dans tout le règne animal, 1839
* Notice sur les publications d'anatomie comparée, de physiologie, 1844
* Fragments sur les organes génito-urinaires des reptiles et leurs produits, 1848
* Mémoire sur le système nerveux des mollusques acéphales lamellibranches ou bivalves, 1853
# Preferential entailment

Preferential entailment is a non-monotonic logic based on selecting only models that are considered the most plausible. The plausibility of models is expressed by an ordering among models called a preference relation, hence the name preference entailment.
Formally, given a propositional formula $F$ and an ordering over propositional models $\leq$, preferential entailment selects only the models of $F$ that are minimal according to $\leq$. This selection leads to a non-monotonic inference relation: $F\models _{\text{pref}}G$ holds if and only if all minimal models of $F$ according to $\leq$ are also models of $G$.
Circumscription can be seen as the particular case of preferential entailment when the ordering is based on containment of the sets of variables assigned to true (in the propositional case) or containment of the extensions of predicates (in the first-order logic case).
# Ezechielis prophetae

Ezechielis prophetae is a papal bull issued by Pope Pius II on 22 October 1463 calling for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire.
Pius granted a plenary indulgence to those who, for at least six months, took part in the crusade and to those who donated money towards it. Pius declared:
   O stony-hearted and thankless Christians! who can hear of all these things, and yet not wish to die for Him Who died for you. Think of your hapless brethren groaning in captivity amongst the Turks, or living in daily dread of it. As you are men, let humanity prompt you to help those who have to endure every sort of humiliation. As you are Christians, obey the Gospel precept which bids you love your neighbour as yourself. Think of the miseries inflicted on the faithful by the Turks. Sons are torn from their fathers, children from their mother's arms, wives are dishonoured before the eyes of their husbands, youths are yoked to the plough like cattle.
Pius continued:
   Take pity on your brethren, or, in any case, take pity on yourselves; for the like fate is hanging over you, and if you will not assist those who live between you and the enemy, those who live further away will forsake you also when your turn comes. You Germans who will not help the Hungarians, how can you expect assistance from the French—and you Frenchmen how can you count upon the aid of the Spaniards if you do nothing for the Germans? With what measure you mete the same shall be measured to you again! The ruin of the Emperors of Constantinople and Trebizond, of the Kings of Bosnia and Rascia, and other princes who have been overpowered, one after another, proves how disastrous it is to stand still and do nothing. As soon as Mahomet has subdued the East, he will quickly master the West.
# Orígenes Lessa

Orígenes Lessa (July 12, 1903 in Lençóis Paulista – July 13, 1986 in Rio de Janeiro), journalist, short story writer, novelist, and an essayist. He was elected, on July 9, 1981 for the Chair number 10 of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, succeeding Osvaldo Orico, and was received on November 20, 1981, by the Academy Member Francisco de Assis Barbosa.

## His life

Lessa was a son of Vicente Themudo Lessa, historian, journalist and a Protestant pastor from the State of Pernambuco, and of Henriqueta Pinheiro Themudo Lessa. In 1906, he was taken by his family to São Luís in the State of Maranhão, where he stayed until the age 9, following his father's journey as a missionary. From the experience of his childhood resulted the novel Rua do Sol (Street of the Sun). In 1912, he returned to São Paulo. At the age 19, he entered a Protestant seminar, which he left two years later.
In 1924, he moved to Rio de Janeiro. Voluntarily separated from his family, he faced great difficulties. In order to support himself he became a teacher. He finished a physical education course, become a calisthenics teacher of the Physical Education Institute of the YMCA. He entered the newspaper life, publishing his first articles in the section "Social-Worker Tribune" of the newspaper O Imparcial. He was married to the writer Elsie Lessa. Their only son is the writer and journalist Ivan Lessa. He was the grandfather of the writer Juliana Foster and also an uncle of the writer and translator Sergio Pinheiro Lopes.

## Published books
### Novels

* O Feijão e o Sonho (1938);
* A desintegração da morte, novel (1948);
* Rua do Sol, novel (1955);
* João Simões continua, novel (1959);
* A noite sem homem, novel (1968);
* Beco da fome, novel (1972);
* O evangelho de Lázaro, novel (1972);
* O edifício fantasma, novel (1984);
* Simão Cireneu, novel (1986).

### Short stories

* O escritor proibido (1929);
* Garçon, garçonnette, garçonnière (1930);
* A cidade que o diabo esqueceu (1931);
* Passa-três (1935);
* Omelete em Bombaim (1946);
* Balbino, o homem do mar (1960);
* Histórias urbanas (1963);
* Nove mulheres (1968);
* Um rosto perdido (1979);
* Mulher nua na calçada (1984).

### News reports

* Não há de ser nada (1932);
* Ilha Grande (1933);
* Ok, América (1945);
* Oásis na mata (1956).

### Essays

* Getúlio Vargas na literatura de cordel (1973);
* O índio cor-de-rosa. Evocação de Noel Nutels (1985);
* Inácio da Catingueira e Luís Gama, dois poetas negros contra o racismo dos mestiços (1982);
* A voz dos poetas (1984).

### Children's literature

* O sonho de Prequeté (1934);
* Memórias de um cabo de vassoura (1971);
* Napoleão em Parada de Lucas (1971 ou 1972)
* Sequestro em Parada de Lucas (1972);
* Memórias de um fusca (1972);
* Napoleão ataca outra vez (1972);
* A escada de nuvens (1972);
* Confissões de um vira-lata (1972);
* A floresta azul (1972);
* O mundo é assim, Taubaté (1976);
* É conversando que as coisas se entendem (1978);
* Tempo quente na floresta azul (1983).