OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gienger

The Gienger is a gymnastics skill performed on the uneven bars for women and the high bar for men. It is named after German gymnast Eberhard Gienger. The release move looks like a half-turn layout "flyaway" above the bar to catch the same bar. Its COP reference is 3.405 and it is a D element.
The skill typically begins from a handstand followed by a swing backward and release after 3/4 of a revolution around the bar. The skill begins as a backward salto with the gymnast completing a 1/2 twist (180°) before regrasp on the same bar that was released. The Gienger can be done with either a piked (traditional) or stretched body form. A variation on the Gienger is the Def (COP 3.605), which is a G-rated element and is identical to the Gienger except that instead of a 1/2 twist (180°), the gymnast performs 1 1/2 twists (540°) before regrasp on the bar.
Gienger saltos are technically similar to Deltchev saltos, with the latter initiating the 1/2 twist before initiating the Arabian (which is also usually straddled rather than piked or stretched).
Some of the female gymnasts that perform the Gienger are Nastia Liukin, Eugenia Popa, and Shawn Johnson.
# Pseudosamanea cubana

Pseudosamanea cubana is a tree species in the legume family (Fabaceae). It is found only in Cuba.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Areces-Mallea, A.E. (1998). "Pseudosamanea cubana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T36569A10006268. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T36569A10006268.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
# Girlschool Live

Girlschool Live was the first official live album by British heavy metal band, Girlschool, released on Communiqué Records in 1995. It again features Kelly Johnson on lead guitar.

## Credits

* Kim McAulliffe – vocals, guitar
* Kelly Johnson – vocals, guitar
* Tracey Lamb – bass
* Denise Dufort – drums
# Giovanni Battista Caccini

Giovanni Battista Caccini or Giovan Battista Caccini (24 October 1556 – 13 March 1613) was an Italian sculptor from Florence, who worked in a classicising style in the later phase of Mannerism.

## Life

Giovanni Battista Caccini was born at Montopoli in Val d'Arno between Florence and Pisa; his training was with the sculptor-architect Giovanni Antonio Dosio, known for his accurate drawings of Roman antiquities, and Caccini's numerous interpretive restorations of Roman sculptural fragments gave him the reputation of being a knowledgeable antiquarian, while the inescapable influence of Giambologna and his circle can be seen in Caccini's bronze statuettes. Caccini was in close cooperation with Pietro Tacca and the rest of Giambologna's pupils in the prolonged cooperation over the bronze doors for Pisa Cathedral.
Fragmentary antiquities were not to the sixteenth-century collectors' taste. Caccini produced a head for an antique torso, and a further, crouching figure to produce the Bacchus and Ampelos in the Uffizi, which was once attributed to Michelangelo. He restored a fragmentary Apollo Sauroctonos as an Apollo with the Lyre (Uffizi). He could also improvise on antique themes: the biographer of artists Rafaello Borghini reported in 1730 that "In truth he was highly skilled in diligently putting together pieces, and counterfeiting, the Antique."
His garden sculptures produced the bold silhouettes and copious attributes that the genre requires. As an architect, his one notable work is the portico of the Santissima Annunziata, Florence (1601). Caccini died in Rome in 1613.
His brother, Giulio Caccini, was a famous composer, teacher, singer, instrumentalist and writer of the very late Renaissance and early Baroque eras.

## Selected works

* Figure of S. Giovanni Gualberto, Badia di Passignano, Val di Pesa, 1580
* Bust of Christ, c. 1595 (Rijksmuseum)
* Temperance, 1583 (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
* Charles V crowned by Clement VII, Salone del Cinquecento, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence.
* Ciborium in Santo Spirito, Florence.
* Among his numerous allegorical statues in the Boboli Gardens, Florence:
** Seasons, four figures in the Boboli Gardens, Florence
** Youthful Jupiter (attributed), Boboli Gardens.
* Seasons, two of the figures for the Ponte Santa Trinita, Florence
# Girolamo Candido

Girolamo Candido, O.F.M. (died 1504) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cariati e Cerenzia (1500–1504).

## Biography

Girolamo Candido was ordained a priest in the Order of Friars Minor. On 20 Nov 1500, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Alexander VI as Bishop of Cariati e Cerenzia. He served as Bishop of Cariati e Cerenzia until his death on 1504.
# Pygospina spinata

Pygospina spinata is a species of delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae. It is found in the Caribbean and North America.
# Pygospila yuennanensis

Pygospila yuennanensis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Aristide Caradja in 1937. It is found in Yunnan, China.
# Pygospina

Pygospina is a genus of delphacid planthoppers in the family Delphacidae. There are about five described species in Pygospina.

## Species

These five species belong to the genus Pygospina:
* Pygospina aurantii (Crawford, 1914)
* Pygospina reducta Caldwell in Caldwell & Martorell, 1951
* Pygospina rezendensis (Muir, 1926)
* Pygospina spinata Caldwell in Caldwell & Martorell, 1951
* Pygospina spinigera (Fennah, 1945)
# Purple Violet Stakes

The Purple Violet Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually during the first week of September at Arlington Park in Arlington Heights, Illinois, though now it runs in July. Open to three-year-old fillies registered in the State of Illinois, the non-graded stakes is contested at a distance of one mile (8 furlongs) on Polytrack synthetic dirt.
Inaugurated in 1976, it was known as the Colfax Maid Stakes until 1997.
Since inception it has been contested at various distances:
* 6.5 furlongs : 1976-1978
* 7 furlongs : 1979-1987, 1990-1994
* 8 furlongs : 1988-1989, 1995-present
It was run in two divisions in 1984. there was no race run in 1998 and 1999.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time |
| 2015 | Wildwood Kantharos | Scott Becker | Christopher A. Emigh | William Stiritz | 1:39.65 |
| 2014 | Countess Cashmere | C. H. Marquez Jr. | Tom Swearingen | John Carver | 1:37.83 |
| 2013 | Bold Kitten | Florent Geroux | Wayne Catalano | Ken & Sarah Ramsey | 1:37.54 |
| 2012 | La Tia | Constantino Roman | Brian Williamson | Hernandez Racing Club | 1:38.24 |
| 2010 | Heavenly Lass | | Christine Janks | Asiel Stable | 1:39.35 |
# Giovanni Domenico Paladini

Giovanni Domenico Paladini (Lucca, 1721 - Lucca, 1772) was an Italian painter.

## Biography

He trained under Giovanni Domenico Lombardi. He painted figures, animals, and still-life. He was also an actor in comedies.
# Mater Women's and Children's Hospital

Mater Women's and Children's Hospital in Hyde Park, Townsville, Queensland was established in 2007 when the Sisters of Mercy (Mater Health Services North Queensland) bought the competing private obstetric hospital, the Wesley/Park Haven Hospital.

## History

The Park Haven Private Hospital opened in 1937, and was purchased by the Brisbane UnitingCare Wesley Hospital in 1999.

## Facilities

The Mater Women's and Children's Hospital has a bed capacity of 58. Current specialty areas represented are gynaecology, obstetrics, paediatrics, general surgery, orthopaedics, urology, oncology, and plastic surgery.
# Neural accommodation

Neural accommodation or neuronal accommodation occurs when a neuron or muscle cell is depolarised by slowly rising current (ramp depolarisation) in vitro. The Hodgkin–Huxley model also shows accommodation. Sudden depolarisation of a nerve evokes propagated action potential by activating voltage-gated fast sodium channels incorporated in the cell membrane if the depolarisation is strong enough to reach threshold. The open sodium channels allow more sodium ions to flow into the cell and resulting in further depolarisation, which will subsequently open even more sodium channels. At a certain moment this process becomes regenerative (vicious cycle) and results in the rapid ascending phase of action potential. In parallel with the depolarisation and sodium channel activation, the inactivation process of the sodium channels is also driven by depolarisation. Since the inactivation is much slower than the activation process, during the regenerative phase of action potential, inactivation is unable to prevent the "chain reaction"-like rapid increase in the membrane voltage.
During neuronal accommodation, the slowly rising depolarisation drives the activation and inactivation, as well as the potassium gates simultaneously and never evokes action potential. Failure to evoke action potential by ramp depolarisation of any strength had been a great puzzle until Hodgkin and Huxley created their physical model of action potential. Later in their life they received a Nobel Prize for their influential discoveries. Neuronal accommodation can be explained in two ways. "First, during the passage of a constant cathodal current through the membrane, the potassium conductance and the degree of inactivation will rise, both factors raising the threshold. Secondly, the steady state ionic current at all strengths of depolarization is outward, so that an applied cathodal current which rises sufficiently slowly will never evoke a regenerative response from the membrane, and excitation will not occur." (quote from Hodgkin and Huxley)
In vivo physiologic condition accommodation breaks down, that is long-duration slowly rising current excites nerve fibers at a nearly constant intensity no matter how slowly this intensity is approached.
# Gaius Papirius Maso

Gaius Papirius Maso was a Roman politician in the third century BC.

## Career

Papirius served as consul in 231 BC, with Marcus Pomponius Matho as his colleague. In this year, the consuls defended against a Sardinian and Corsican revolt, Matho being defeated by the Sardinians, Papirius defeating the Corsicans and their Ligurian allies. The Senate, however, denied Papirius a triumph.
# Ďáblice

Ďáblice is a municipal district (městská část) and cadastral area (katastrální území) in Prague. It is located in the northern part of the city. As of 2021, there were 3,750 inhabitants living in Ďáblice.
The first written record of Ďáblice is from the 13th century. The village became part of Prague in 1968.
# Pseudephedranthus

Pseudephedranthus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Annonaceae.
Its native range is Northern South America to Northern Brazil.
Species:
* Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus Maas & Westra
* Pseudephedranthus fragrans (R.E.Fr.) Aristeg.
# Pseudischnocampa ecuadorensis

Pseudischnocampa ecuadorensis is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1933. It is found in Ecuador.
# Pseudocophotis

Pseudocophotis is a genus of agamid lizards from Southeast Asia.

## Species

There are two species in genus Pseudocophotis:
* Pseudocophotis kontumensis Ananjeva, Orlov, Truong, & Nazarov, 2007
* Pseudocophotis sumatrana (Hubrecht, 1879)
# Psychroflexus salarius

Psychroflexus salarius is a Gram-negative, aerobic, moderately halophilic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from the Gomso salt pan in Buan County in Korea.
# Pteris umbrosa

Pteris umbrosa is a fern from eastern Australia. The habitat of the jungle brake is rainforest where it can form large colonies in shaded moist situations. There are several populations of this fern in the northern suburbs of Sydney. However, it is not clear if they are indigenous or escapees from gardens.
The botanist Robert Brown published this plant in the year 1810, in his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae.
# Psyche (consciousness journal)

Psyche: The Official Journal of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness was an online peer-reviewed academic journal covering studies on consciousness and its relation to the brain from perspectives provided by the disciplines of cognitive science, philosophy, psychology, physics, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and anthropology. It was established in 1993. In 2008 it became the official journal of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness. Psyche is no longer accepting articles, but the archive remains accessible.
# Pseudodacryodes

Pseudodacryodes is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Burseraceae. The only species is Pseudodacryodes leonardiana.
Its native range is Western Central Tropical Africa.
# Pseudotomoxia

Pseudotomoxia is a genus of beetles in the family Mordellidae, containing the following species:
* Pseudotomoxia albonotata (Ray, 1936)
* Pseudotomoxia fasciata (Pic, 1931)
* Pseudotomoxia horni (Ray, 1936)
* Pseudotomoxia kamerunensis Ermisch, 1948
* Pseudotomoxia mosseliana Franciscolo, 1965
* Pseudotomoxia palpalis Franciscolo, 1965
* Pseudotomoxia quadrinotata (Ray, 1936)
* Pseudotomoxia rufoabdominalis (Ray, 1936)
* Pseudotomoxia trilineata (Ray, 1936)
* Pseudotomoxia trimaculata (Ray, 1936)
# Pseudozumia

Pseudozumia is a small genus of potter wasps which is found in the Afrotropical and Indomalayan regions.
# Pseudozonitis vigilans

Pseudozonitis vigilans is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.
# Pterelaus (son of Taphius)

In Greek mythology, Pterelaus (/ˌtɛrəˈleɪəs/; Ancient Greek: Πτερέλαος) was a king of the Taphians.

## Family

Pterelaus was the son of Taphius and thus, the grandson of the first Pterelaus. Another account makes Taphius the son of Poseidon and Hippothoë, making him grandson of them and a descendant of the Argive hero Perseus.
Pterelaus was the father of several sons: Chromius, Tyrannus, Antiochus, Chersidamas, Mestor, Everes and a daughter named Comaetho.

## Mythology

The god Poseidon had caused to grow upon his head a single magic golden hair which, so long as it continued to grow there, made him immortal and unconquerable. Pterelaus and his kin raided the cattle of the king of Mycenae; but he was killed in a retaliatory expedition led by Amphitryon (later the stepfather of Heracles) after being betrayed by Comaetho, who had fallen in love with Amphitryon and pulled out the golden hair from her father's head, rendering him defenceless. The vanquished Taphian realm was handed over to Amphitryon's allies, including Cephalus. Cephalus ruled over many islands, and his followers became known as Cephallenians. Odysseus was a descendant of Cephalus by the following lineage: Cephalus - Arcesius - Laërtes - Odysseus.
# Ptereleotris heteroptera

Ptereleotris heteroptera is a species of Perciformes in the family Microdesmidae.
# Punak

Punak is a high-class and luxurious neighborhood in north Tehran, the capital city of Iran. The name of one of the most expensive and promising neighborhoods in the city of Tehran, located in the northwest. Part of it is in Region 2 and another part is in District 5. According to the latest census, around 22,000 people reside in Punak. Boostan Shopping Center is near Punak.
# Punakha Province

Punakha Province (Dzongkha: སྤུ་ན་ཁ་; Wylie: spu-na-kha) was one of the nine historical Provinces of Bhutan.
Punakha Province occupied lands in western Bhutan, corresponding roughly to modern Punakha District. It was administered from the Punakha Dzong in the town of Punakha, and the ruling governor was known as the Penlop of Punakha, or Punab. However by the 19th century, effective power over Punakha Province was held by the pro-British Penlop of Trongsa.

## History

Under Bhutan's early theocratic dual system of government, decreasingly effective central government control resulted in the de facto disintegration of the office of Shabdrung after the death of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in 1651. Under this system, the Shabdrung reigned over the temporal Druk Desi and religious Je Khenpo. Two successor Shabdrungs – the son (1651) and stepbrother (1680) of Ngawang Namgyal – were effectively controlled by the Druk Desi and Je Khenpo until power was further splintered through the innovation of multiple Shabdrung incarnations, reflecting speech, mind, and body. Increasingly secular regional lords (penlops and dzongpons) competed for power amid a backdrop of civil war over the Shabdrung and invasions from Tibet, and the Mongol Empire. The penlops of Trongsa and Paro, and the dzongpons of Punakha, Thimphu, and Wangdue Phodrang were particularly notable figures in the competition for regional dominance. During this period, there were a total of nine provinces and eight penlops vying for power.
Traditionally, Bhutan comprised nine provinces: Trongsa, Paro, Punakha, Wangdue Phodrang, Daga (also Taka, Tarka, or Taga), Bumthang, Thimphu, Kurtoed (also Kurtoi, Kuru-tod), and Kurmaed (or Kurme, Kuru-mad). The Provinces of Kurtoed and Kurmaed were combined into one local administration, leaving the traditional number of governors at eight. While some lords were Penlops, others held the title Dzongpen (Dzongkha: རྗོང་དཔོན་; Wylie: rjong-dpon; also "Jongpen," "Dzongpön"); both titles may be translated as "governor."
The 10th Penlop of Trongsa Jigme Namgyel (r. 1853–1870) began consolidating power, paving the way for his son the 12th Penlop of Trongsa (and 21st Penlop of Paro) Ugyen Wangchuck to prevail in battle against all rival penlops and establish the monarchy in 1907. With the establishment of the monarchy and consolidation of power, the traditional roles of provinces, their rulers, and the dual system of government came to an end.
# Pseustoplaca

Pseustoplaca is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Psilogramma yilingae

Psilogramma yilingae is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Hubei and Hunan in China.
# Psilogramma ulrichroesleri

Psilogramma ulrichroesleri is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Papua New Guinea.
# Pueblo Viejo, Dominican Republic

Pueblo Viejo is a municipality (municipio) of the Azua province in the Dominican Republic.

## History

The town that is now known as Pueblo Viejo was the place where in 1504 Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, the conqueror of Cuba, founded the colonial town of Azua de Compostela. It was named in honour of one of the first Spanish settlers in the area, Don Pedro Gallego, a native of Santiago de Compostela, in Galicia, Spain. The first part of the name is derived from the local Native American name for the area. The old colonial city was destroyed by an earthquake on October the 16th 1751. The settlers of the area moved further North, near the River Road, and established a new town in that area.
# Purna Chandra Lahiri

Rai Bahadur Purna Chandra Lahiri, JP (1872–1942) was an Indian police officer during British Raj of India. He started his career as an Inspector of Police in Calcutta and retired as Deputy Commissioner of Police of Calcutta. As an Inspector of Police, it was he who arrested several nationalist leaders like Bhupendra Nath Bose in 1907 and later Aurobindo Ghose in 1908 in connection with the Alipore Bomb Case. He served in various posts in Calcutta Police also as Criminal Investigation Department, Assistant Commissioner of Police till he got promoted to post of Deputy Commissioner of Police, the highest post Indian could serve in Police in those times. His role was highly appreciated in handling of 1926-27 Hindu-Muslim riots of Calcutta, which began in April 1926 and took unprecedented fury and ferocity. Before his retirement, he had served as right-hand man of four successive Commissioners of Police of Calcutta. He retired from service in 1927 when Sir Charles Tegart was the Commissioner of Police, Calcutta. In view of his services he was first created as Rai Sahib in 1911 and later elevated to status of Rai Bahadur in 1917. He died in year 1942. He was survived by his widow and his son, Protul Chandra Lahiri, who also was an Indian Police Service officer.
# Psychonotis

Psychonotis is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are found in the Australasian realm.

## Species

* Psychonotis brownii (Druce & Bethune-Baker, 1893)
* Psychonotis caelius (C. & R. Felder, 1860)
* Psychonotis eleanor Tennent, 1999
* Psychonotis eudocia (H. H. Druce and Bethune-Baker, 1893)
* Psychonotis finisterre C.J. Müller, 2003
* Psychonotis hebes (Druce, 1904)
* Psychonotis hymetus (C. Felder, 1860)
* Psychonotis julie Tennent, 1999
* Psychonotis kruera (Druce, 1891)
* Psychonotis marginalis C.J. Müller, 2003
* Psychonotis melane (Joicey & Talbot, 1916)
* Psychonotis parsonsi C.J. Müller, 2003
* Psychonotis piepersii (Snellen, 1878)
* Psychonotis purpurea (Druce, [1903])
* Psychonotis slithyi Tennent, 1999
* Psychonotis waihuru Tennent, 1999
# Puyang (disambiguation)

Puyang may refer to:
* Puyang, a municipality in Henan Province, China
* Puyang County, a county containing the municipality of Puyang, Henan, China
* Puyang River, a river in Zhejiang Province, China
# Pwllgloyw

Pwllgloyw is a settlement on the edge of the Brecon Beacons in the county of Powys in south-east Wales in the community of Honddu Isaf.

## Communications

In April 2014, Pwllgloyw was named in a TV commercial by the online gaming company, Jackpot247 as one of the worst places in the UK for mobile internet reception. According to Ofcom, Powys has the poorest 3G reception in Wales and the area around Pwllgloyw falls in the worst 6% of the UK for 3G coverage by all network operators.
# Pure Soul (group)

Pure Soul was an American R&B girl group who were signed to Interscope Records in the mid 1990s. They are perhaps best known for their hit single We Must Be in Love, the debut single from their self-titled debut album. The "Pure Soul" album (the group's only album) scored three top forty hits on the US Billboard R&B chart. Their music videos were some of the most frequently played videos on BET, VH-1 and The Box at the time of their release. After the singles ran their course and faded from regular rotation, the group mysteriously disappeared from the music scene without any explanation.

## Discography

Albums
* Pure Soul (1995)

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions |
| Year | Single | Billboard Hot 100 | Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks | Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales |
| 1995 | "We Must Be In Love" | 65 | 11 | 22 |
| 1995 | "I Want You Back" | 101 | 26 | 36 |
| 1995 | "Freedom" | 45 | 18 | — |
| 1996 | "Stairway to Heaven" | 79 | 18 | — |
| "—" denotes a release that did not chart. |||||||
# Pârâul Țarinii

The Pârâul Țarinii is a left tributary of the river Crișul Negru in Romania. It flows into the Crișul Negru in Vașcău. Its length is 12 km (7.5 mi) and its basin size is 38 km$^2$ (15 sq mi).
# Pärnu Leht

The Pärnu Leht was a short-lived newspaper published in the city of Pärnu, Estonia. It was first published on 1 October 1994 and was discontinued in the end of 1995.
# Pětikozly

Pětikozly is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants.
# Pěčín

Pěčín is a municipality and village in Rychnov nad Kněžnou District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
# QCL

QCL may refer to:
* Air Class Líneas Aéreas (ICAO Code: QCL)
* Queen's College, London
* Queensland Cement and Lime Company, a building material manufacturer in Australia
* Quantum cascade laser
* Quantum Computation Language
# QCM

QCM may refer to:
* Quality Capital Management, a UK-based hedge fund specialising in managed futures.
* Quartz crystal microbalance, a weighing instrument which measures a mass per unit area by measuring the change in frequency of a quartz crystal resonator
* Quad City Mallards, a former ECHL team that played in the Quad Cities area of Illinois
* Quality Control Music, an American record label
# Pyrenophora teres f. maculata

Pyrenophora teres f. maculata is a plant pathogen causing spot form net blotch in barley.
Fungal Authority Species Fungorum regards this form to be a synonym of Pyrenophora teres.
# Purakaunui River

The Purakaunui River is a river in the western Catlins, New Zealand. It rises west of Houipapa and flows through the Pūrākaunui Bay Scenic Reserve into the Pacific Ocean at Pūrākaunui Bay. The river is best known for Purakaunui Falls.