OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lake Huangqi

Lake Huangqi, also known by its Chinese name as the Huangqi Hai, is a lake in Chahar Right Front Banner, Ulanqab Prefecture, Inner Mongolia, China. The lake has shrunk dramatically from its original size. Every year the lake looses more water to evaporation than is replenished by the now smaller rivers which feed it.

## Name

The present name dates to the Qing, when it was named after one of the Eight Banners.

## Geography

Lake Huangqi is a lake in Chahar Right Front Banner, Ulanqab Prefecture, Inner Mongolia, China. It forms an irregular inverted triangle of about 110–113 km$^2$ (42–44 sq mi), with an east–west distance of about 20 kilometers (12 mi) and a north–south distance of about 9 kilometers (6 mi). Having an average depth of 4–10 meters (13–33 ft) and a maximal depth of 35 meters (115 ft), it holds 460–500 million cubic meters (370,000–410,000 acre⋅ft) of water.

## History

Under the Qin, Huangqi and Dai lakes formed the northern boundaries of Yanmen Commandery, marking part of the northern frontier of the Chinese empire.
# Bar (tropical cyclone)

The bar of a mature tropical cyclone is a very dark gray-black layer of cloud that appears to be near to the horizon as seen from an observer preceding the approach of the storm, and is composed primarily of dense stratocumulus clouds. Cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds bearing precipitation follow immediately after the passage of the wall-like bar. Altostratus, cirrostratus and cirrus clouds are usually visible in ascending order above the top of the bar, while the wind direction for an observer facing toward the bar is typically from the left and slightly behind the observer.

## History

The dark layer of clouds on the horizon seen prior to a tropical cyclone's passage over a location was first described in 1687 and the observed phenomenon later published in 1697 by William Dampier while observing a typhoon in the South China Sea during a circumnavigation by pirate ship. These observations led to an improved understanding of the nature of tropical cyclones. The use of "bar" as a term to describe this cloud layer first appeared in the 19th century.

## Inside the bar

When the bar of the storm approaches an observer, it appears stationary in azimuthal position, whereas a storm moving toward the observer at an angle or perpendicular to the observer will appear to drift along the horizon. A reddish tint sometimes appears toward the top of the bar, while the darkness often varies depending on the storm's intensity. Tints of indigo, green, yellow or violet may also be present depending on the time of day due to the prismatic effect of water droplets in the cloud. Cumulus clouds first appear at the outflow boundary of the lower part of the bar. As the bar passes overhead, barometric pressure at the observer's location falls steadily. The first rainband arrives, the clouds moving from left to right roughly along isobar lines, but this is often followed by short periods of relative calm. During the onset of the bar's arrival, winds continuously increase in intensity leading toward the eyewall. Navigators of ships at sea often use the first appearance of a bar to steer clear of the approaching tropical cyclone.
Closer to the center of tropical cyclone, the eyewall also exhibits the appearance of a bar, and high lightning activity occurs within this central bar. After the bar passes through, the strongest winds and often the heaviest precipitation abruptly changes to calmer conditions within the eye, before the eyewall passes over again and the strongest winds arrive from the opposite direction.
At sea, wind speeds typically reach level 8 on the Beaufort scale while waves become drastically higher when the bar reaches overhead and squall lines begin to arrive.
# Barlow Township, Ohio

Barlow Township is one of the twenty-two townships of Washington County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 2,560 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the western part of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Watertown Township - north
* Warren Township - east
* Dunham Township - south
* Fairfield Township - west
* Palmer Township - northwest
No municipalities are located in Barlow Township, although the unincorporated communities of Barlow and Vincent lie in the township's west and south respectively.

## Name and history

It is the only Barlow Township statewide, although there is a Bartlow Township in Henry County.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# Lake Seymour (Minnesota)

Lake Seymour is a lake in Martin County, Minnesota.
Lake Seymour was named for W. S. Seymour, an early settler.
# Lake McLeod (Florida)

Lake McLeod, sometimes also called McLeod Lake, is somewhat oval in shape. This lake is a natural freshwater lake with a 410-acre (1,700,000 m$^2$) surface area. Lake McLeod is bordered on the north by the town of Eagle Lake, Florida. Here it is bordered by residential areas. It is bordered on the northeast and east the lake is bordered by residences. On the south it is bordered by grassland and citrus orchards.
A municipal boat ramp is at the very north tip of Lake McLeod, on the south side of East Eagle Avenue. There are no public parks or swimming areas on the shores of this lake. The Hook and Bullet website says Lake McLeod contains largemouth bass, bluegill and crappie.
# Freddy Breck

Freddy Breck (Gerhard Breker; 21 January 1942, in Sonneberg, Thuringia – 17 December 2008, in Rottach-Egern, Upper Bavaria) was a German schlager singer, composer, record producer, and news anchor.
Breck studied to be a machinist, then studied singing under Heinz Gietz. He sang schlager songs which were based on well-known classical melodies. His first success was "Überall auf der Welt", based on Va, pensiero from Giuseppe Verdi's Nabucco. This he recorded in English as "We Believe in Tomorrow" and released it as a single in late 1972 - it topped the South African Charts in early 1973. He went on to score 5 platinum records and 35 gold records over the course of his career.
In 1978, he issued an English language disc. In the 1980s, he worked as a news presenter for various stations, and wrote music for groups such as the Original Naabtal Duo, the Kastelruther Spatzen and Nina & Mike. He founded his own record label, Sun Day Records, with his wife Astrid in 1998, and in 1999 they released music as a duo, Astrid & Freddy Breck.
Breck died of cancer in December 2008.

## Discography

* 1973 Rote Rosen für dich
* 1974 Die Welt ist voll Musik
* 1975 Mit einem bunten Blumenstrauß
* 1977 Die Sterne steh’n gut
* 1977 Mach was Schönes aus diesem Tag
* 1978 Sommerliebe
* 1978 Years of love
* 1981 Melodien zum Verlieben
* 1982 Meine Lieder, meine Träume
* 1985 Deutschlands schönste Volkslieder (und die Sonntagskinder)
* 1991 Für Dich
* 1992 Mein leises Du
* 1995 So wie ich bin
* 1997 Ich liebe Dich
* 2004 Wir zwei
* Weihnachten mit Freddy Breck

## Singles

* 1972 "Überall auf der Welt", based on Giuseppe Verdi's Nabucco
* 1973 "Bianca", based on Tchaikovsky's Capriccio Italien
* 1973 "Rote Rosen", in English version Love and Roses, based on Franz von Suppé's Dichter und Bauer
* 1974 "Halli, Hallo"
* 1974 "Die Sonne geht auf"
* 1974 "Mit einem bunten Blumenstrauß"
* 1975 "Der große Zampano"
* 1976 "Das ist die wahre Liebe"
* 1976 "Der weiße Flieder"
* 1977 "Die Sterne steh’n gut"
* 1977 "Im Schatten der alten Kastanie"
* 1977 "Überall, wo die Meisjes sind"
* 1978 "Mach was Schönes aus diesem Tag"
* 1978 "Amigo Perdido"
* 1979 "Mädchen"
* 1981 "Frauen und Wein"
* 1986 "Monica", based on Johann Strauss junior's waltz Wiener Blut
* 1991 "Herz Ass ist Trumpf"

### Chart positions

* "Überall auf der Welt"
    Germany: 7
    Netherlands: 7
* "Bianca"
    Germany: 2
    Belgium: 1
    Netherlands: 3
    Austria: 11
    Switzerland: 4
* "Rote Rosen"
    Germany: 2
    Netherlands: 1
    Austria: 7
    Switzerland: 9
* "Halli, hallo"
    Germany: 21
    Netherlands: 13
* "So in Love with You"
    UK: 44
* "Die Sonne geht auf"
    Germany: 31
    Netherlands: 13
* "Mit einem bunten Blumenstrauß"
    Netherlands: 24
* "Der große Zampano"
    Germany: 16
    Netherlands: 19
* "Das ist die wahre Liebe"
    Germany: 47
* "Die Sterne steh'n gut"
    Germany: 48
# Lago del Brugneto

Lago del Brugneto is a lake in the Province of Genova, Liguria, Italy. At an elevation of 775.8 m, its surface area is 0.97 km$^2$.
# Laenia gens

The gens Laenia was a minor family at Rome during the first century BC. It is remembered chiefly from two individuals, one a friend of Varro, the other of Cicero. Both had houses at Brundisium, suggesting either that the family came from that region, or that the individuals mentioned were closely related.

## Members

* Marcus Laenius Strabo, an eques at Brundisium, and a friend of Varro. He introduced the aviary to Roman culture.
* Marcus Laenius Flaccus, a friend of Titus Pomponius Atticus, who allowed the exiled Cicero to remain at his house near Brundisium in 58 BC, in defiance of the measure of Publius Clodius Pulcher forbidding it, until the orator could make his way to Epirus. In 51, Laenius asked Cicero for a sub-prefecture in Cilicia, where he had lent money at interest. Cicero refused to grant public office to a money-lender, but he recommended Laenius to Publius Silius Nerva, propraetor of Bithynia and Pontus, who might be willing to do so.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Called Laelius Strabo by Pliny.
* ↑ Also found as Lenius.
# FreePOPs

FreePOPs is an extensible mail proxy that allows checking and downloading of e-mail from webmails using any conventional POP3 client program, avoiding the need to use a Web browser. It can also be used as an aggregator for RSS feeds. The application retrieves messages from various accounts (e.g. Gmail, Yahoo! Mail, Hotmail, AOL) without manual login through an http page.
FreePOPs is a POP3 daemon with a Lua interpreter and some extra libraries for HTTP and HTML parsing. Its main purpose is translating local POP3 requests (from a local e-mail client for example) to remote HTTP actions on the supported webmails, but it can also be used to receive news from a website as if they were e-mail messages in a mailbox. Most plugins work by screen scraping the target website.
# Barrio del Artista

Barrio del Artista (English: "Artist's Neighborhood") is a neighborhood in the city of Puebla's historic centre, in the Mexican state of Puebla. The area has numerous spaces for artists to work and exhibit.
# Lahana

Lahana is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cyril Lahana, South African lawn bowler
* Emma Lahana (born c. 1984), New Zealand actress
# Laino Borgo

Laino Borgo (Calabrian: Laìnu) is a town and comune of 1,879 inhabitants in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is located on the border between two regions (Calabria e Basilicata), and lies at the entrance to the Pollino National Park, Italy's largest national park and an area of importance for its geology and biodiversity, recognized as a UNESCO Geopark since 2015.

## Origin of the name

The name of the town comes from the river Lao (Italian river), originating as Lainos, or "from the river Lao" which originally referred to the name of the ancient Greek city of Laüs. In the past, during a period in which it was joined with Laino Castello, it was also known as Laino Bruzio.

## History

Until recently the actual ancient Greek city of Laüs was thought to lie further down the river valley, close to where the river Lao reaches the sea at Santa Maria del Cedro. However, recent excavations at San Primo, a district of Laino Borgo, have uncovered the remains of an extensive settlement covering at least 40 hectares and dating back to around 500 B.C., which may have been the original location of the city of Laüs. It is thought that the inhabitants may have moved to the second location of Laus near Santa Maria del Cedro after the original city near Laino Borgo was destroyed in an earthquake.

## Entertainment and Culture

Numerous important cultural events are held throughout the year in Laino Borgo. Amongst the most significant are the following:

### The Passion of Christ (La Giudaica)

On Good Friday the representation of the Passion of Christ is celebrated. This is the most important event of its kind in Calabria. The performance, normally involving over 100 of the local inhabitants dressed in period costume at numerous locations set up throughout the town, lasts throughout the entire day, culminating in a re-enactment of the crucifixion, and is called in Italian "La Giudaica". The script is based on a text written by an anonymous author during the 17th century. The first recorded performance was on April 20, 1832, and it has been performed regularly ever since, normally taking place every second year. Spectators can follow the performance on foot as it moves through the town.

### The Feast of the Madonna of the Chapels

The Feast of the Madonna of the Chapels is celebrated on the third Sunday of September in a procession dedicated to the Madonna of the Chapels, also known as the Fainting Virgin Mary (see also Swoon of the Virgin). The event has its origins in the 1700s and participants following behind the statue of the Virgin Mary carry elaborate displays of flowers and candles on their heads and are accompanied by traditional music.

## Sport

Lying on the river Lao, just above a series of gorges and canyons where the river enters a series of rapids, Laino Borgo has become the main centre of canoeing and river rafting in Southern Italy. It hosts regular whitewater rafting events, and since the 1990s has emerged as a significant whitewater rafting tourism destination providing an important contribution to the local economy.
# Landau (disambiguation)

Landau is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Landau may also refer to:

## Places

* Landau an der Isar, a town in Bavaria, Germany
* Landau, the former name of Shyrokolanivka, which became part of Ukraine after World War II
* Landau (crater), on the far side of the Moon

## Vehicles

* Landau (carriage), a type of convertible carriage named after the city of Landau
* Landau (automobile), a type of convertible auto
* Ford Landau, an automobile produced in Brazil from 1971 to 1983
* Ford Landau (Australia), an automobile produced in Australia from 1973 to 1976

## People and fictional characters

* Landau (surname)

## Other uses

* Big O notation, also called Landau notation or Bachmann-Landau notation, a mathematical notation describing the limiting behaviour of a function
* Landau quantization, the quantization of the cyclotron orbits of charged particles in a uniform magnetic field, named for Lev Landau
* ASV Landau, a German football club based in Landau, Rhineland-Palatinate
# Lake Wononscopomuc

Lake Wononscopomuc is a lake located in the Lakeville section of Salisbury, Connecticut, United States. It has the distinction of being the deepest natural lake in the state. Wononskopumuc is a Mahican name for "rocks at the bend in the lake."
Also known as Wononskopomuc Lake or Lakeville Lake, Lake Wononscopomuc is a natural, marl lake that supports a diverse community of aquatic plants. The town beach and a boat launch, known collectively as the Salisbury Town Grove, are on the lake’s north shore. The boathouse and private beach of the Hotchkiss School are on the lake's south shore.
Access to the 348 acres (141 ha) lake is monitored because of fears that the invasive zebra mussel will be introduced on boats or trailers from nearby Twin Lakes. The area around the lake is residentially developed, although the houses are on large lots, and most are set far back from the lake behind tree buffers. The maximum depth of the lake is 102 feet (31 m), and mean depth is 36 feet (11 m).
# Grøsfjellvatnet

Grøsfjellvatnet is a lake in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the municipalities of Eigersund, Lund, and Sokndal. The 3.09-square-kilometre (1.19 sq mi) lake list just north of the lake Eiavatnet, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of the village of Heskestad in Lund municipality.
# Gustavia longifuniculata

Gustavia longifuniculata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
# Radmore Abbey

Radmore Abbey was a cistercian abbey near Cannock Wood, Staffordshire, England, which is located north of Burntwood and south of Rugeley. Originally a hermitage, the abbey did not exist for long, being exchanged for lands in Warwickshire after little more than ten years.

## History

The abbey began as a hermitage, set up in the early 1130s by King Stephan, near the hamlet of Cannock Wood. This grant was confirmed by Roger de Clinton, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, who gave the hermits permission to follow a rule of their choosing. Around 1143, the hermits secured a similar charter from Empress Matilda. In doing so, they were presumably trying to secure their future whatever the result of the civil war. The hermits joined the Cistercian order sometime in the 1140s, dedicating their abbey to Saint Mary. Several grants, including land in Staffordshire and Warwickshire, were made to the abbey and in 1153 Matilda's son, Henry, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, became a benefactor.
The abbey only lasted until the winter of 1154, when the monks petitioned the Henry, now king Henry II, for grant of land on another site. Because of disputes with local foresters, the monks were finding Radmore increasingly unsuitable. The king exchanged the royal manor at Stoneleigh, Warwickshire for the abbey and the monks established Stoneleigh Abbey in June 1155, with Radmore becoming a royal hunting lodge.
# Navicula (disambiguation)

Navicula is a genus of boat-shaped diatom algae.
Navicula may also refer to:
* A vessel similar to a nef brought by the boat boy in Catholic and Anglican Churches
* Navicula de Venetiis or "little ship of Venice", an altitude dial used to tell time that was shaped like a little ship.
# Navicula bicephaloides

Navicula bicephaloides is an algae species in the genus Navicula, known from inland waters of the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic regions.
# Nemezis: Mysterious Journey III

Nemezis: Mysterious Journey III (Previously called Schizm 3: Nemezis), is an adventure game developed by Detalion Games (Roland Pantola studio, after Detalion S.C's shutdown), published by PlayWay S.A, powered by Unreal Engine 4, and the sequel to Schizm: Mysterious Journey and Schizm II: Chameleon. Unlike the previous games, the plotline is not authored by acclaimed Australian science fiction writer Terry Dowling. The game was released on 8 July 2021 on Steam and GoG.com.

## Story

In Nemezis: Mysterious Journey III, you return to the beautiful planet of Argilus (Schizm: Mysterious Journey storyline) as Amia and Bogard, two tourists seduced by a promotional offer, hoping for enjoyable and relaxing vacations.
# Nehemiah Ford

Nehemiah Ford was a Canadian politician and painter. He was mayor of Hamilton, Ontario in 1852.

## Biography

Little is known of the life of Nehemiah Ford. His presence in Hamilton is recorded in 1839, when he was a member of the executive of the first Mechanics' Institute of Wentworth County. He served as its recording secretary for several years, and was made an honorary member on February 25, 1848, as a reward for his services. A painter by trade, as well as a freemason, Ford was also a member of both Barton Lodge and the Church of St. Thomas.
He married Keziah Beasley in 1835, the daughter of one of Hamilton's earliest settlers, Richard Beasley. They had at least two sons together. The date of Ford's death is not certain, but is believed to be between 1858 and 1862.

## Controversy in office

Ford was elected mayor in 1852, and his term of office was unusual. Problems arose when Ford agreed to allow John Gamble Geddes to use the James Street council chambers for a meeting of the Gore and Wellington Church Society. Unfortunately, the time chosen coincided with a scheduled council meeting, and, when Ford agreed to change the time of the municipal meeting, he caused considerable friction. The council criticized his conduct but agreed to vote him the £100 salary for his year's services as mayor. Ford refused to accept the salary with censure and brought the affair to public attention. Although the matter was later smoothed over, Ford refused to run for a second term.
# Nel ASA

Nel ASA is a Norwegian company founded in 1927 and based in Oslo. Nel is a global company providing solutions for the production, storage and distribution of hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Nel is listed in the OBX Index of the Oslo Stock Exchange. As of March 2020, the largest shareholder is Clearstream Banking S.A. with a stake of 44.81%.

## Group companies

Since 2015, the company has also included the Danish hydrogen filling station manufacturer H2 Logic, and since 2017 the American electrolysis specialist Proton On Site. Together with PowerCell Sweden and Hexagon Composite, Nel founded the Hyon joint venture in September 2017 with the aim of establishing fuel cell-powered vehicles in the maritime sector in particular.
Nel has been a member of the H2Bus consortium since June 2019. The target is the deployment of 1,000 hydrogen fuel cell buses in Europe.

## History

The company started in 1927. In 1940, the world's largest water electrolysis plant was built in Rjukan, Norway, with a total capacity of more than 30,000 Nm3/hour of hydrogen from hydropower. In 1988, Nel launched the world's first electrolyzer to offer asbestos-free alkaline electrolysers. H2 Logic A/S, subsidiary of NEL ASA, has executed a binding technology transfer agreement with Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha, Ltd. (MKK), member of the Mitsubishi Group companies, in 2015. Nel will set up at least 20 hydrogen refuelling stations in Norway by 2020.
Nel is currently involved in several projects worldwide, including the commissioning of the first hydrogen-powered train in Germany as part of the H2 West Coast Consortium. In February 2019, it became known that a framework agreement for Switzerland had been concluded with Hyundai Motor Company for the supply of 60 - 80 MW of a total of 1,000 expected trucks in the first phase and hydrogen required for other applications. In Australia, NEL is involved in a power-to-gas (solar power to hydrogen) project.
Another major project is planned in partnership with the American start-up Nikola Motor Company, a manufacturer of hydrogen-powered trucks. In the coming years, the company plans to set up or expand a hydrogen infrastructure (filling stations and electrolysers) in the United States.
A cooperation agreement with Yara International was announced in August 2019. This is a fertiliser project for agriculture. NEL contributes its self-developed pressurized alkaline electrolyzer, which, with the help of electric current, produces a chemical reaction, a material conversion, which is needed for fertilizer production.
Nel ASA subsidiary Nel Hydrogen Fueling received an order from the "Touraine Vallée de l'Indre" urban community in France in 2021 to supply an H2Station™ hydrogen refueling station. The total value of the order is approximately one million euros.
Nine months after the passing of the Inflation Reduction Act the company announced plans to construct a manufacturing plant in Michigan to draw benefits from the measure and other general and state government benefits.