OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Virgin Fibra

Virgin Fibra S.r.l. is an Italian telecommunications company owned by Virgin Group Ltd., which offers fiber optic telephony services in FTTH technology.

## History and operations

Founded in August 2020 in Milan, Virgin Fibra is headed by a group of Italian and foreign entrepreneurs.
Virgin Fibra is partly owned by Richard Branson's Virgin Group, and is the third company in Italy after Virgin Active and Virgin Radio to carry the brand. The commercial launch took place in August 2022, two years after its foundation.
Virgin Fibra operates in the sector of broadband fixed Internet connections, offering subscriptions to its customers who sign contracts for the supply of optical fiber Internet connections, exclusively with FTTH.
The company is led by founder and CEO, Tom Mockridge, who also serves as chairman of the board of directors.
Virgin Fibra's services are available to private customers, VAT holders and small and medium-sized enterprises in Italy. Virgin Fibra distributes its services exclusively online on its Website and operates in full integration with Open Fiber, owner of the largest Italian fiber-optic network FTTH.
# Michael Chan, Baron Chan

Michael Chew Koon Chan, Baron Chan, MBE (Chinese: 曾秋坤; pinyin: Céng Qiūkūn; 6 March 1940 – 21 January 2006), was a Singaporean-born British physician and life peer who sat in the House of Lords between 2001 and 2006.

## Early life and education

Chan was born in Singapore on 6 March 1940 to Chieu Kim Chan, then headmaster of Raffles Institution and his wife Rosie.
Chan attended Raffles Institution before moving to the United Kingdom to study medicine at Guy's Hospital Medical School. He was trained as a paediatrician, specialising in blood diseases. He returned to Singapore after his studies, becoming a lecturer and consultant pediatrician at the University of Singapore, but returned to the United Kingdom in 1974 to study Von Willebrand's disease at the University of London Institute of Child Health at Great Ormond Street Hospital.

## Medical career and politics

Chan moved to the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine in 1976, where he remained as a senior clinical lecturer and consultant pediatrician until 1994. He was the director of the National Health Service Ethnic Health Unit in Leeds between 1994 and 1997, and was successively director of two NHS primary health trusts from 1999.
He was also active in the field of race relations, serving as an advisor to the Home Secretary and then as a Commissioner for the Commission for Racial Equality between 1990 and 1995, and as a member of the Sentencing Panel from 1999. He became a member of the Press Complaints Commission in 2002, and he was chairman of the Chinese in Britain Forum. He was a committed Christian and elder of the Liverpool Chinese Gospel Church, undertaking various charitable works, for which he was appointed MBE in 1991.
He was created a life peer (appointed members of the United Kingdom peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers) on 2 June 2001, becoming Baron Chan, of Oxton in the County of Merseyside, chosen as a "People's Peer." He sat as a crossbencher. He became the second person of Chinese descent to take a seat in either of the Houses of Parliament, after Baroness Dunn. Chan together with his wife Irene Wei-Len Chee has two children, his son, Stephen, and daughter, Ruth.
Since Chan's death, Lord Wei has been the only ethnic Chinese Peer in the House of Lords, as Baroness Dunn gave up her seat in the Lords in order to retain her non-domiciled tax status following the passing of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Michael Chan, Baron Chan :
* CrestA Feng Huang wings displayed and inverted beaked and legged Gules feathered Or Gules Sable and Argent grasping in the beak a Rod of Aesculapius bendwise sinister Sable the serpent Or.
* EscutcheonBarry of ten Argent and Sable on a bend engrailed Or three hibiscus flowers Gules stamens bendwise upwards Gules.
* SupportersOn either side a Chinese lion guardant Or the crown eyebrows muzzle and underside Sable resting the interior hindfoot upon a ball Or.
* MottoTo Live Is Christ
# German submarine U-339

German submarine U-339 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 7 July 1941 at the Nordseewerke yard at Emden as yard number 211, launched on 30 June 1942 and commissioned on 25 August under the command of Kapitänleutnant Georg-Wilhelm Basse.
The U-boat spent most of her career as a training vessel. She sank or damaged no ships.
She was scuttled on 5 May 1945 at war's end near Wilhelmshaven.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-339 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-339 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's service life began with training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla from 25 August 1942. She was then transferred to the 11th flotilla on 1 March 1943. She was reassigned to the 22nd flotilla on 1 April.

### Fate

The boat was seriously damaged by depth charges dropped from a British PBY Catalina of No. 190 Squadron RAF on 26 March 1943. As a result, she spent the rest of the war as a training vessel.
She was scuttled near Wilhelmshaven on 5 May 1945.
# New Keywords

New Keywords: A Revised Vocabulary of Culture and Society is a book edited by Tony Bennett, Lawrence Grossberg and Meaghan Morris and published in 2005 by Blackwell Publishing. It is an attempt to revise Raymond Williams' seminal 1976 text, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society.
* This article about a sociology-related book is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Aspergillus navahoensis

Aspergillus navahoensis is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Nidulantes section. The species was first described in 1982. It was isolated from sand in Arizona, United States. It has been reported to produce averufin, norsolorinic acid, 6,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin, desferritriacetylfusigen, echinocandin B, and sterigmatocystin.

## Growth and morphology

A. navahoensis has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates and Malt Extract Agar Oxoid® (MEAOX) plates. The growth morphology of the colonies can be seen in the pictures below.
* Aspergillus navahoensis growing on CYA plate
* Aspergillus navahoensis growing on MEAOX plate
# Neotaranomis australis

Neotaranomis australis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak & Linsley in 1982.
# Şotlanlı, Qubadli

39°18′N 46°43′E﻿ / ﻿39.300°N 46.717°E﻿ / 39.300; 46.717
Şotlanlı (also, Shotlanly and Shotulany) is a village in the Qubadli Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Neutral amino acid transporter A

Neutral amino acid transporter A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A4 gene. In humans, it is expressed in the brain, lung, skeletal muscle, intestine and kidney.

## Function

The transporter is responsible for transport of L-serine, D-serine, L-alanine, L-cysteine, and L-threonine.

## Pathology

Mutations of the gene cause a disease called spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly (SPATCCM). This disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion.

## Interactions

In melanocytic cells SLC1A4 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.
# İlayda Çevik

İlayda Çevik (born 22 December 1994) is a Turkish actress. She is best known for playing Maya in the television series, Karagül. Çevik was born in Balikesir.
Cevik's first theater performance was a children's play called Children's Playground and she made her feature film debut in the film in 2015 with the film Kızım İçin, which starred Yetkin Dikinciler, Eda Ece, İnci Türkay and Berke Üzrek.

## Filmography
### Television

| Title | Role | Year | Network |
| Karagül | Maya Şamverdi | 2013–2016 | Fox Turkey |
| İsimsizler | Yıldız Keskin | 2017 | Kanal D |
| Savaşçı | Gülayşe | 2017 | Fox Turkey |
| Sen Anlat Karadeniz | Berrak Yılmaz | 2018–2019 | atv |
| Gel Dese Aşk | Bahar Çetin | 2020 | atv |
| Sen Çal Kapımı | Balca Koçak | 2020–2021 | Fox Turkey |
| Bir Zamanlar Çukurova | Betül Arcan | 2021–2022 | atv |
| Tuzak | Luna | 2022– | TV8 |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2013 | Kızım İçin | Ayça |
| 2017 | Niyazi Bey | |

### Music videos

| Year | Artist | Title |
| 2017 | "Barış Bölükbaşı" | "My Name is Peace" |
# Net settlement

A net settlement is a payment system used for inter-bank transactions. It is the process by which banks calculate the collective total of all transactions through designated times each day.
In an inter-bank payment system using net settlement, debits and credits are recorded and only the difference between the debits and the credits (the net position) is actually paid between the parties. In most payment systems this netting will take place on the clearing house books between the designated settlement times with final settlement of the net positions occurring when funds are debited or credited on its reserve account at a central bank.
For example, if two parties (A and B) are exchanging transactions bilaterally in a net settlement scheme, and A pays B $200 and B pays A $150, the net obligation to be settled is $50 from A to B. The rest is effectively 'cancelled out'.
Multilateral net settlement occurs when there are three or more parties involved. In this example, A pays B $200, B pays C $150, and C pays A $175. The net obligations in the multilateral model are for A and C to each pay $25 into the settlement 'pot', and for B to receive $50.
Net settlement is used because it reduces the amount of money that has to be held in the settlement medium compared to gross settlement, which requires immediate payment of each individual transaction. It also reduces inter-bank risks. Net settlement is a multilateral transaction, usually with the central bank for the currency being used. All transactions included in a multilateral net settlement cycle are settled in one movement of funds representing the overall net position. Examples of net settlement systems are CHIPS in the US, BACS in the UK and BOJ-NET (until 2000) in Japan.
Net settlement can introduce its own particular risks. If the application of transactions to the netting is not legally binding, in the event of the insolvency of a participant, the other participants may end up legally owing their gross obligations to the failed participant, and not be due any settlement from the failed participant in return. Furthermore, if one of the participants in a net settlement system is unable to settle its obligations at the end of the settlement cycle, it prevents the settlement from completing for all parties: this may require unwinding all the transactions that have been placed into that settlement cycle.
A special form of net settlement is used in the settlement of securities obligations, known as delivery versus payment.
# 常州 (disambiguation)

Changzhou (常州) is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu, China.
常州 may also refer to:
* Cháng Prefecture (常州), prefecture between the 6th and 13th centuries in modern Jiangsu, China
* Hitachi Province, abbreviated name was Jōshū (常州), province of Japan located in what is today Ibaraki Prefecture
# 市

市 is a character for "city" in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Hanja.
* List of cities in China
* List of cities in Taiwan
* List of cities in Japan
* List of cities in North Korea
* List of cities in South Korea
* List of cities in Malaysia
# New Northwest Broadcasters

New Northwest Broadcasters, headquartered in Bellevue, Washington, operated 38 radio stations in seven cities in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. Prior to the company's bankruptcy, its stations were located in Alaska (Anchorage and Fairbanks), Montana (Billings), Oregon (Astoria and Klamath Falls), and Washington (Yakima).

## Stations owned
### Anchorage, Alaska

* KDBZ 102.1
* KFAT 92.9
* KBBO-FM 92.1
* KXLW 96.3

### Astoria, Oregon

* KAST 1370
* KJOX-FM 99.7

### Billings, Montana

In 2009, New Northwest spun its Billings cluster off to company president and CEO Pete Benedetti.
* KGHL 790
* KGHL-FM 98.5
* KRSQ 101.9
* KQBL 105.1
* KRPM 107.5

### Fairbanks, Alaska

* KCBF 820
* KFAR 660
* KXLR 95.9
* KTDZ 103.9
* KWLF 98.1

### Yakima, Washington

* KARY-FM 100.9
* KJOX 1390
* KHHK 99.7
* KBBO 980
* KRSE 105.7
* KXDD 104.1
# 貞昌

貞昌 may refer to:
* Okudaira Nobumasa (1555 – 1615) called Okudaira Sadamasa (奥平 貞昌), Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku and early Edo periods
* Su Tseng-chang (born 1947), Taiwanese politician
# 象棋

象棋 may refer to:
* Xiangqi or Chinese chess
* Shogi or Japanese chess
* Janggi or Korean chess
* Shatar or Mongolian chess
* Makruk or Thai chess
* Sittuyin or Burmese chess
# Śri Maharaja Walaprabhu

Śri Maharaja Walaprabhu was the king of Bali between 1079 and 1088.
# Neunkircher Höhe

The Neunkircher Höhe (605 metres) is the highest elevation of the Hessian part of the Odenwald. The hill is located near the village Neunkirchen and is the origin of the rivers Modau, Gersprenz and Lauter.
A viewing tower, 34 metres high, was built on the summit in 1906 and replaced an older predecessor, which had been built in 1888 and destroyed by a storm in 1904.
* This Hesse location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Neunkirchen am Sand

Neunkirchen am Sand is a municipality in the district of Nürnberger Land in Bavaria in Germany.
# Şahkərəm, Dashkasan

40°24′N 46°08′E﻿ / ﻿40.400°N 46.133°E﻿ / 40.400; 46.133
Şahkərəm (also, Shakhkerem) is a village in the Dashkasan Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Qaraqullar.
# Šaulys

Šaulys is the masculine form of a Lithuanian family name. Its meaning is "shooter," "rifleman". Its feminine forms are: Šaulienė (married woman or widow) and Šaulytė (unmarried woman). Notable people with the surname include:
* Irena Šiaulienė (born 1955), Lithuanian politician
* Jurgis Šaulys, Lithuanian economist, diplomat, and politician
* Kazimieras Steponas Šaulys, Lithuanian Roman Catholic priest, theologian
* Gabriele Šaulytė [lt] (born 1990), Lithuanian chess player
* Evelina Šaulytė [lt] (born 1991), Lithuanian chess player
# Ștefan Botnarciuc

Ştefan Botnarciuc (1875 in Bălți, Russian Empire – in 1900s) was a Bessarabian politician and a Ukrainian national farmer from Bălţi.

## Biography

He served as Member of the Moldovan Parliament (1917–1918). On 27 March 1918 Ştefan Botnarciuc voted for the Union of Bessarabia with Romania.

## Gallery

* Moldovan stamp, 1998
# Rosy Pereira

Rosy Pereira (born 1951, in Jakarta) is an Indonesian-Dutch pop singer. She is the daughter of steel guitarist Coy Pereira. She released singles in the 1960s under her name as well as Babe Pereira. In the mid to late 1970s she was the other half of the duo Rosy & Andres who had a hit with "My Love".

## Background

Rosy Pereira is the youngest of three children and comes from a musical family. Her father Coy Pereira was a well known steel guitarist. He was a member of The Kilima Hawaiians, and had recorded with the Mena Moeria Minstrels. Her brother Richard was the lead guitarist in a band called The Thunderbolts. She has two children, Sharkira born in 1982 and Romana born in 1983.

## Career

Pereira's family arrived in February 1960 in the Netherlands, when Rosy was 8 years old. In 1965 she and her brother Richard formed a group called Objection. Later she sang with the Bobby Setter band. When she was eighteen years old while in Paris, she recorded her first single "Serenade To Summertime" which was produced by José Bartell and Jean-Claude Petit. This was recorded under the name of Babe Pereira. The B side of the single, "Can't You See" is of interest to Freakbeat and Northern Soul collectors. It also appears on the various artists compilation, Waiting For A Break In the Clouds 16 rare gems of soulful pop-sike and groovy psych 1968 - 1973.
She would record two more singles as Babe Pereira, one in 1969 "Someone, Somewhere" bw "Paperboy" and "If You Believe In Love" bw "Try" in 1971.
In 1972, she appeared in the film De laatse dagen van Isaak aka The Last Good Days of Isaac that starred Charles Cornette, Hilde Uitterlinden and Rik van Uffelen.
In the mid-1970s she was in a duo with Andres Holten. They had a top ten hit in 1976 with "My Love" which reached no.3 on the Billboard Dutch chart.
In 1979, she was part of a trio called Bonnie, Debbie & Rosy who released a single called "Oh Boy" which was written and produced by Peter Koelewijn. In addition to herself, the trio included Bonnie St. Claire and Debbie aka Ria Schildmeyer.
In 1985, the single "Darling" bw " I Feel Like Dancing" was released. In 1994, she recorded a single with Jay Uitterlinden which was released under Rosy & Jay.

## Discography
### Singles
#### As Babe Pereira

* "Serenade To Summertime" / "Can't You See" - Triangle BE 61310 - (1969)
* "Someone, Somewhere" / "Paperboy" - Someone, somewhere / Paperboy - (1969)
* "If You Believe In Love" / "Try" - Basart 239 - (1971)

#### As Rosy Pereira / Rosy

* "It's Okay For Me" / "First Time In Love" - CNR 141 716 - (1981)
* "Darling" / "I Feel Like Dancing" - Dureco 5039 - (1985)

#### Bonnie, Debbie & Rosy

* "Oh Boy" / "Oh Boy" (inst) - Philips 6012 868 - (1979)

### Participation

* Various artists - Waiting For A Break In the Clouds 16 rare gems of soulful pop-sike and groovy psych 1968 - 1973 Shady Daze Records – SDR 112 - (2010) Track: "Can't You See"
# New Caledonia, Arkansas

New Caledonia is an unincorporated community in Union County, Arkansas, United States.
# Neural fibrolipoma

Neural fibrolipoma is an overgrowth of fibro-fatty tissue along a nerve trunk that often leads to nerve compression. These only occur in the extremities, and often affect the median nerve. They are rare, very slow-growing, and their origin is unknown. It is believed that they may begin growth in response to trauma. They are not encapsulated by any sort of covering or sheath around the growth itself, as opposed to other cysts beneath the skin that often are. This means there are loosely defined margins of this lipoma. Despite this, they are known to be benign. Neural fibrolipomas are often more firm and tough to the touch than other lipomas. They are slightly mobile under the skin, and compress with pressure.

## Diagnosis

Neural fibrolipomas are often characterized by a mass under the skin accompanied with sensory deficit in the same area or a painful sensation. There is often loss of motor function in the hand as well. These lipomas are almost exclusively found in people under 30 years old. The mass is made of fibro-fatty tissue that begins encroaches on a nerve. Surgery is often needed to relieve pressure. Some common nerves that are affected are the median, ulnar, radial, perineal, and brachial plexus. Macrodactyly occurs in around two thirds of cases. Taking a biopsy of the mass is not necessary because these are distinct enough to make a confident diagnosis only from the use of medical imaging, like an MRI. However, if a biopsy is taken, it will show an abundance of mature fat cells surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. Neural fibrolipomas are often associated with carpal tunnel syndrome, due to both of their correlation with the median nerve. To diagnose this as a neural fibrolipoma, Tinel's sign and the Phalen maneuver are used to show signs of nerve sensitivity and distress on the median nerve. This, alongside imaging, can accurately diagnose these rare growths.

## Treatment

Surgery is often needed to remove the neural fibrolipoma. The surgeon often treats the mass as if it is carpal tunnel syndrome and does a carpal tunnel release. This surgery is paired with neurolysis and a partial excision of the neural fibrolipoma. In some cases, an entire excision may be possible. The surgeon would then begin by decompressing the nerve, and then working to excise the fatty growth, which is easily distinguishable from the nerve. Because of surgery in such close proximity to the median nerve, permanent sensory or motor dysfunction can occur, so surgery is not always the suggested mode of treatment.

## Other names

* Neural lipofibromatous hamartoma
* Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the nerve
* Lipomatosis of the nerve
* Fibrolipomatosis of the nerve
* Neurolipomatosis
# Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog

NRAS is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NRAS gene. It was discovered by a small team of researchers led by Robin Weiss at the Institute of Cancer Research in London. It was the third RAS gene to be discovered, and was named NRAS, for its initial identification in human neuroblastoma cells.

## Function

The N-ras proto-oncogene is a member of the Ras gene family. It is mapped on chromosome 1, and it is activated in HL60, a promyelocytic leukemia line. The order of nearby genes is as follows: cen—CD2—NGFB—NRAS—tel.
The mammalian Ras gene family consists of the Harvey and Kirsten Ras genes (HRAS and KRAS), an inactive pseudogene of each (c-Hras2 and c-Kras1) and the N-Ras gene. They differ significantly only in the C-terminal 40 amino acids. These Ras genes have GTP/GDP binding and GTPase activity, and their normal function may be as G-like regulatory proteins involved in the normal control of cell growth.
The N-Ras gene specifies two main transcripts of 2 kb and 4.3 kb. The difference between the two transcripts is a simple extension through the termination site of the 2 kb transcript. The N-Ras gene consists of seven exons (-I, I, II, III, IV, V, VI). The smaller 2 kb transcript contains the VIa exon, and the larger 4.3 kb transcript contains the VIb exon which is just a longer form of the VIa exon. Both transcripts encode identical proteins as they differ only the 3′ untranslated region.

## Mutations

Mutations which change amino acid residues 12, 13 or 61 activate the potential of N-ras to transform cultured cells and are implicated in a variety of human tumors e.g. melanoma.

### As a drug target

Binimetinib (MEK162) has had a phase III clinical trial for NRAS Q61 mutant melanoma.
# New York State Route 338

New York State Route 338 may refer to:
* New York State Route 338 (1930s) in Allegany and Steuben Counties, from Whitesville southeast to Pennsylvania
* New York State Route 338 (1940s–1980) in Saratoga County
* New York State Route 338 (1980–1996) in Washington County