OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jovanja

Jovanja is a village in the municipality of Valjevo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 310 people.
* Jovanja - panorama
* Jovanja - panorama
* Jovanja - panorama
* Jovanja - panorama
* Jovanja - panorama
* Jovanja - panorama
* Jovanja - panorama
# Cylindera arenaria

Cylindera arenaria is a species of tiger beetle of the family Cicindelidae that can be found everywhere in Europe except for Estonia, Portugal, Northwestern Europe, and various European islands.
# Ratzeburg Test

The Ratzeburg Test was a test used to gauge the suitability of individuals for international competitive junior rowing prior to the use of indoor rowing machines for selection. The test was originally developed by the "Academy of Ratzeburg rowing", Germany in 1971. It was employed by the Great Britain Junior rowing team selectors in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

## Elements of the Test

Each element of the test was supervised by one of the GB junior rowing selection team. All parts of the test were completed in succession during an afternoon. The sequence was a timed 3,000 metre run on an athletic track, then a weight lifting test, followed by a gym circuit test.
The weight lifting test consisted of successive power clean lifts at increasing weight until failure. At a given weight, recorded in pounds, a maximum of 3 failures were allowed.
The circuit test counted the number of repetitions performed in one minute for each of the following exercises:
* Number of Squat Thrusts.
* Number of Sit ups with 20 lbs on chest.
* Number of Squat jumps of 1 foot over maximum vertical reach.
* Number of Sit ups with 20 lbs on chest (again).
* Number of Squats with 20 lbs.
* Number of Power Cleans of 90 lbs.
If any repetition did not meet the standard required it would not be included in the circuit repetitions count.

## Ratzeburg Test Index Calculation

The subject's height was measured in centimetres from the floor up to the clavicle (just below the neck) and the subjects weight in kilograms.
Participants were required to score a minimum index value of 20.0 in order to pass to the next stage in the selection process.
Each element of the test had a specific “constant value”. Each empirical value of an element taken for a subject had the respective constant value subtracted to emphasize better scores.
* Subject_Height_Constant = 125
* Subject_Weight_Constant = 50
* Power_Clean_Constant = 25
* Circuit_Reps_Constant = 50
* Run_Time_Constant = 450
The calculation was performed as follows:
Ratzburg Test Index Value =
( (Subject_Height_Value – Subject_Height_Constant) x
(Subject_Weight_Value – Subject_Weight_Constant) x
(Power_Clean_Value – Power_Clean_Contant) x
(Circuit_Reps_Value – Circuit_Reps_Constant) )
Divided by
( Run_Time_Value – Run_Time_Constant) x 1,000

## Critique

The test penalised lightweight rowers who would provide a lower weight value into the calculation. This encouraged participants to attempt to increase body weight during the winter season, only losing the weight again after the testing period had completed.
It did however allow those who were physically appropriate for international rowing to be recognised, and created a focus on all round physical fitness in the winter training period rather than only specific rowing fitness.
# John Daniels (footballer)

John James Daniels (born 1915; date of death unknown) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Millwall as an inside right.

## Personal life

Daniels served in the British Army during the Second World War and after his retirement from football, he became a milkman.
# Floyd Township, Warren County, Illinois

Floyd Township is located in Warren County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 472 and it contained 207 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.72 square miles (92.5 km$^2$), all land.
# Ratting

Ratting may refer to:
* Ratter (dog), dog used for catching and killing rats
* Rat-catcher, the profession of catching rats
* Rat-baiting, the bloodsport of dogs catching rats
* Informant, telling on people
* Backcombing, a method of styling hair to add volume
* Leecher (computing), alternative term usually used in video games
* The use of a remote access trojan for malicious purposes
# Ray Appleton

Otis Ray Appleton (August 23, 1941 – October 7, 2015) was an American jazz drummer.

## Early life

Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, his interest in drums began when visiting the local fire department to hear their "Drum and Bugle Corps" practice. He played in school bands, but hearing Freddie Hubbard and James Spaulding led to a serious interest in jazz.

## Career

Appleton toured and recorded with John Coltrane, Freddie Hubbard, Wes Montgomery and others. Due to a car accident and diabetes, he lost part of his left leg in 1997. He reportedly received his nickname "killer" from bassist Larry Ridley and became a person of note in Indianapolis's jazz community.

## Personal life

Appleton died of congestive heart failure on October 7, 2015, at age 74.

## Discography
### With Jimmy Witherspoon

* The Blues Is Now (1967)

### With Freddie Hubbard

* Backlash (1967)
# Raymond Weill

Raymond Weill (28 January 1874 – 13 July 1950) was a French archaeologist specialized in Egyptology.

## Biography

Born on 28 January 1874 in Elbeuf, 28 January 1874 in Elbeuf began his career in the military before starting a career with Gaston Maspero at the École pratique des hautes études at the age of 30, where he taught from 1928 to 1945.
He specialized in the history of Ancient Egypt, specifically the Second Intermediate Period. He published several works on the end of the 12th dynasty and the Hyksos. Towards the end of his life, he came to the conviction that Hyksos had reigned as local kings in the Nile Delta during the late 12th Dynasty.
Weill was one of the first archaeologists to undertake excavations in Wadi Hilweh, Jerusalem, a site he first referred to as "City of David" after identifying it as the place where David is said to have set up his capital. He died on 13 July 1950 in Paris.

## Works

* Les Décrets Royaux de l'Ancien Égyptien … étude sur les décrets royaux trouvés à Koptos … 1910 et 1911. 1912.
* La fin du Moyen Empire Égyptien: étude sur les monuments et l'histoire de la période comprise entre la 12e et la 18e dynastie. 1918.
* La Cité de David, 1913-1914, Paris: P. Geuthner, 1920.
* Bases, méthodes et resultats de la Chronologie Égyptienne. 1926–1928.
* Douzième Dynastie, royauté de Haute-Égypte et domination Hyksos dans le nord. 1953 (postum).
# Grønsvik coastal battery

Grønsvik coastal artillery battery (HKB 16/974 Grönsviken) at Helgeland in Norway, was a German army coastal artillery battery, built between 1942 and 1945 as one of ten coastal batteries in Artillery group Sandnessjöen (Heeres-Küsten-Artillerie-Regiment 974). The coastal battery is today a museum whose purpose is to show the public that the Atlantic Wall in Norway was a lot more than the big naval batteries one can find scattered along the coast. Out of a total of 280 coastal batteries at the end of the war, 210 were army batteries armed with army guns and manned by army personnel and only 70 were naval batteries.
The main task of the artillery group Sandnessjöen was to defend the fjords Sjona, Ranfjord and Vefsnfjorden against an allied invasion. The main road and railway from the south of Norway to Northern Norway ran through the end of these fjords, and with them the supply route to the German Murmansk front and an important supply route for iron from the north of Sweden to Germany.
The main weapons at the fort were four 155 mm K416(f) guns which could shoot a projectile of 43 kg 17,000 meters. The secondary weapon was a 75 mm gun mainly used for warning shots at ships that passed the fort without signalling their intentions, and a 50 mm anti-tank gun used to defend a harbor built by the Germans next to the fort.
The battery was built by 100 Russian and 75 Polish prisoners of war, together with a number of Norwegian workers under the leadership of German troops. We know that at least seven Russian prisoners died at the battery during the construction, but the number is probably much higher. About 150 to 200 German troops were stationed at the battery during the war. The battery was already operational in December 1942, but work continued through the war years. After the war the weapons were demolished and parts of the battery blown up and the rubble used to build a road nearby. Today much of the battery has been rebuilt and is open to visitors all year around. It is easily accessible next to Riksveg 17 just north of Stokkvågen in Lurøy Municipality, about an hour drive from the town of Mo i Rana in Rana Municipality. Next to the battery, there is a parking lot and a building with tourist information and toilets. The exhibitions at the museum are open between 8:45 am and 5:00 pm every day between the middle of June and the middle of August. Admission is free. Guided tours and admission to the exhibitions outside opening hours can be arranged through Helgeland Museum or by contacting the tourist information office.
66°21.040′N 13°0.119′E﻿ / ﻿66.350667°N 13.001983°E﻿ / 66.350667; 13.001983
# Raymond Kan

Raymond Y. K. Kan (Chinese: 簡日淦; born 1932) was a Hong Kong architect and politician. He was a member of the Urban Council of Hong Kong for the Hong Kong Civic Association.

## Biography

Kan was born in Hong Kong with the family root of Hainan, Guangdong in 1932. He was educated in Hong Kong and Australia, graduated from the Pui Ching Middle School and the University of Melbourne with a degree in Architecture. He worked at the Public Works Department after he returned to Hong Kong for three years, before he set up his own architecture firm .
In 1969, he was nominated by the Hong Kong Civic Association to run in the Urban Council election. He served in the committees of the Urban Council and government-appointed positions. He was also vice-chairman of the Hong Kong Civic Association, president of the Scout Association of Hong Kong in South Kowloon Region and vice-president for the Kowloon Region, secretary and treasurer of the Leo Distrinct 303 of the Lions Clubs International and became president of the Victoria Lion Club from 1969 to 1970. In December 1971, he was appointed to the Commission of Inquiry into the Fire on the Jumbo Floating Restaurant, in which a fire took place on board the vessel 'Jumbo' at Aberdeen Harbour on 30 October 1971 where 34 people died and 42 were injured in the incident.
In March 1972, Kan was elected chairman of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, the most powerful charitable organisation in the colony. Before that, he had been director and vice-chairman of the institution.
On the 13 May protest organised by the Hong Kong Federation of Students (HKFS) which was not approved by the police, Kan disagreed with the Attorney General Denys Roberts' decision not to charge the student protesters was too tolerant.
# Grünbach am Schneeberg

Grünbach am Schneeberg is a town in the district of Neunkirchen in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
# Gualterius de Lavendel

Gualterius de Lavendel was an ambassador of the king Charles II of Anjou to the Mongol ruler Ghazan. He went to Persia to visit Ghazan, and arrived there after 27 April 1303. The embassy followed the 1302 Peace of Caltabellotta which ended the conflict between Anjou and Aragon in the Mediterranean.
# Curvature tensor

In differential geometry, the term curvature tensor may refer to:
* the Riemann curvature tensor of a Riemannian manifold — see also Curvature of Riemannian manifolds;
* the curvature of an affine connection or covariant derivative (on tensors);
* the curvature form of an Ehresmann connection: see Ehresmann connection, connection (principal bundle) or connection (vector bundle). It is one of the numbers that are important in the Einstein field equations.
# Fly River trumpet-eared bat

The Fly River trumpet-eared bat (Kerivoula muscina) is a species of vesper bat. It is found only in Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
# Alberto Müller Rojas

Alberto Müller Rojas (August 9, 1935, Táchira, Venezuela – August 13, 2010, Caracas, Venezuela) was a Venezuelan politician and general. He was once the vice president of the PSUV (United Socialist Party of Venezuela).
Müller Rojas enter the Military Academy at the age of 15. Then in 1978, he was promoted to Major General of the Army and was also appointed Secretary of the Permanent Council on Security and Defence. He taught at Universidad Central de Venezuela and Universidad Simon Bolivar, both of which are in Caracas.
# Passiflora reflexiflora

Passiflora reflexiflora is a species of plant in the family Passifloraceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
# John Dyne

John Dyne may refer to:
* John Dyne (MP for Hythe) (died 1413)
* John Dyne (MP for East Grinstead) (fl. 1383–1414)
* John Bradley Dyne, headmaster of Highgate School
# Re Bowes

Re Bowes [1896] 1 Ch 507 is an English trusts law case, concerning the policy of the "beneficiary principle". It held that a trust which uses words relating to a purpose of doing something, but ultimately for the benefit of a group of people, can be construed as being for the benefit of those people. The consequence is that the people may exercise their right to dissolve the trust, according to Saunders v Vautier.

## Facts

John Bowes in his will left his estate to the Earl of Strathmore for life, and then the rest in tail. But included, was a gift of £5000 to the trustees for ‘planting trees for shelter on the Wemmergill estate’. There was much more money than needed for planting trees.

## Judgment

North J held that the trust was for the benefit of the owners of the estate. Hence the residents could use the surplus money in the way they chose.
# Rathnew GAA

Rathnew GAA are a Gaelic football club in Rathnew, County Wicklow, Ireland.

## History

Rathnew's current coach is Harry Murphy.

## Achievements

* Leinster Senior Club Football Championships: (1)
** 2001
* Wicklow Senior Football Championships: (34)
** 1893, 1896, 1897, 1902, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1921, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1970, 1978, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015 & 2017.
* Wicklow Senior Hurling Championships: (11)
** 1906, 1911, 1913, 1925, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1937, 1939, 1950

## Current panel

* Peter Dignam
* Paul Merrigan
* Damien Power
* Jamie Snell
* JT Moorehouse
* Ross O'Brien
* John Manley
* James Stafford
* Theo Smyth
* Eddie Doyle (c)
* Jody Merrigan
* Danny Staunton
* Nicky Mernagh
* Mark Doyle
* Leighton Glynn
* Stephen Byrne
* Enan Glynn
* Graham Merrigan
* Chris Healy
* Warren Kavanagh

## Notable players

* Harry Murphy
# Paul McGill

Paul McGill may refer to:
* Paul McGill (luthier), American luthier
* Paul McGill (actor), American actor, choreographer and director
# Pavelló del Club Patí Vic

The Pavelló del Club Patí Vic is an indoor arena located in Vic, Catalonia, Spain. This venue was one of the hosts for the demonstration roller hockey competitions at the 1992 Summer Olympics. It's the home place of CP Vic.
# John Goodrich

John Goodrich may refer to:
* John Goodrich (Loyalist) (1722–1785), Virginia-born British planter, merchant shipper, and privateer
* John Z. Goodrich (1804–1885), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
* John B. Goodrich (1836–1900), American lawyer and politician
* John F. Goodrich (1887–1937), American screenwriter
# Forester Brigade

The Forester Brigade (known as the Midland Brigade until 1958) was an administrative formation of the British Army from 1948 to 1964. The Brigade administered the regular infantry regiments of the English Midlands.
After the Second World War the British Army had fourteen infantry depots, each bearing a letter. The depots were territorially organised, and Infantry Depot F at Strensall was the headquarters for the county regiments of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Warwickshire.
In 1948, the depots adopted names and this depot became the Midland Brigade with all regiments being reduced to a single battalion at the same time. The Midland Brigade was formally formed on 14 July 1948, combining the depots of four regiments:
* The Royal Warwickshire Regiment
* The Royal Lincolnshire Regiment
* The Royal Leicestershire Regiment
* The Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment)
Under the 1957 Defence White Paper changes announced in July 1957, the infantry of the line was reorganised: accordingly, in 1958, the Royal Lincolnshire Regiment was transferred to the East Anglian Brigade and the Midland Brigade was renamed as the Forester Brigade.
From 1958 all regiments in the Brigade adopted a common cap badge: "A Maltese cross voided, the points pommelled, and thereon, on a mount, an antelope statant gorged with a ducal coronet and chained within The Garter, the whole encircled with a chaplet of oak-leaves issuant from a scroll inscribed 'Forester Brigade' and ensigned with, upon a mount, a tiger passant guardant. The badge combined parts of the cap badges of the Royal Warwicks, Royal Leicesters and Sherwood Foresters. From 1960 the Forester Brigade was based at Glen Parva Barracks in Leicestershire.
In 1963, the Royal Warwickshire Regiment was transferred to the Fusilier Brigade, and in the following year the Royal Leicestershire Regiment joined the East Anglian Brigade and the Sherwood Foresters moved to the Mercian Brigade. With this, the Forester Brigade was disbanded.

## Units

During its existence, the brigade was made up of the following units:
# Alassane Diallo

Alassane Diallo may refer to:
* Alassane Diallo (Senegalese footballer), born 1989
* Alassane Diallo (Malian footballer), born 1995
# John Finegan

John Finegan may refer to:
* Jack Finegan (1908–2000), biblical scholar
* John Finegan, wrestling referee, see List of former Extreme Championship Wrestling personnel
# Focal Press

Focal Press is a publisher of creative and applied media books and it is an imprint of Routledge/Taylor & Francis.

## Company history

The firm was founded in London in 1938 by Andor Kraszna-Krausz, a Hungarian photographer who migrated to England in 1937 and eventually published over 1,200 books on photography, cinematography and broadcasting.
It "published practical guides to photography at affordable prices for the general public". One of the books published by Kraszna-Krausz's Focal Press was The All-in-One Camera Book by E. Emanuel and W. D. Dash, which was one of the earliest books on photography written for the general public. First published in 1939 it had gone through 81 editions by 1978.
Book series published by the firm included Masters of the Camera and Classics of Photography.
There was a second firm named Focal Press which was founded by George Bernhard Eisler in London in 1937 and later opened a branch in New York. It is unclear if there was a connection between the two firms.
Elsevier acquired Kraszna-Krausz's Focal Press in 1983. Focal Press was acquired by Taylor & Francis from Elsevier in July 2012.
# Albalate

Albalate is the name of several towns in Spain:
* Albalate del Arzobispo, in the province of Teruel, Aragón
* Albalate de Cinca, in the province of Huesca, Aragón
* Albalate de las Nogueras, in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha
* Albalate de Zorita, in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha
# John Charles Miles

Sir John Charles Miles (29 August 1870 – 12 January 1963) was an English academic, Warden of Merton College, Oxford, from 1936 until 1947.

## Education

Born in Notting Hill, Miles was educated at Shrewsbury School; and Exeter College, Oxford.

## Career

Miles trained as a barrister, joining the chambers of T.E.Scrutton, later a judge of the King's Bench Division (1910–16) and then of the Court of Appeal. He then joined Merton and was successively Tutor (1899–1930); Domestic Bursar, 1904–1923); Senior Research Fellow (1930–1936; and finally Warden.
He was also Legal Assistant at the Ministry of Munitions from 1915 to 1918; and Solicitor to the Ministry of Labour from 1918 to 1919.
Miles was a keen member of the Worshipful Company of Weavers.
# Reboul

Reboul is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Duane Reboul (born 1948), American basketball coach
* Jean Reboul (1796–1864), French politician and poet
* Jean-Baptiste Reboul (1862–1926), French chef
* Marie-Thérèse Reboul (1728–1805), French painter and engraver
# John Hobhouse

John Hobhouse may refer to:
* John Hobhouse, 1st Baron Broughton (1786–1869)
* John Hobhouse, Baron Hobhouse of Woodborough (1932–2004), British law lord and lawyer
# Force field (physics)

In physics, a force field is a vector field corresponding with a non-contact force acting on a particle at various positions in space. Specifically, a force field is a vector field $\mathbf {F}$, where $\mathbf {F} (\mathbf {r} )$ is the force that a particle would feel if it were at the position $\mathbf {r}$.

## Examples

* Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects. A gravitational force field models this influence that a massive body (or more generally, any quantity of energy) extends into the space around itself. In Newtonian gravity, a particle of mass M creates a gravitational field $\mathbf {g} ={\frac {-GM}{r^{2}}}{\hat {\mathbf {r} }}$, where the radial unit vector ${\hat {\mathbf {r} }}$ points away from the particle. The gravitational force experienced by a particle of light mass m, close to the surface of Earth is given by $\mathbf {F} =m\mathbf {g}$, where g is Earth's gravity.
* An electric field $\mathbf {E}$ exerts a force on a point charge q, given by $\mathbf {F} =q\mathbf {E}$.
* In a magnetic field $\mathbf {B}$, a point charge moving through it experiences a force perpendicular to its own velocity and to the direction of the field, following the relation: $\mathbf {F} =q\mathbf {v} \times \mathbf {B}$.

## Work

Work is dependent on the displacement as well as the force acting on an object. As a particle moves through a force field along a path C, the work done by the force is a line integral:
    $W=\int _{C}\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {r}$
This value is independent of the velocity/momentum that the particle travels along the path.

### Conservative force field

For a conservative force field, it is also independent of the path itself, depending only on the starting and ending points. Therefore, the work for an object travelling in a closed path is zero, since its starting and ending points are the same:
    $\oint _{C}\mathbf {F} \cdot d\mathbf {r} =0$
If the field is conservative, the work done can be more easily evaluated by realizing that a conservative vector field can be written as the gradient of some scalar potential function:
    $\mathbf {F} =-\nabla \phi$
The work done is then simply the difference in the value of this potential in the starting and end points of the path. If these points are given by x = a and x = b, respectively:
    $W=\phi (b)-\phi (a)$
# Albalat dels Tarongers

Albalat dels Tarongers is a municipality in the comarca of Camp de Morvedre in the Valencian Community, Spain.

## Notable people

* Ángel Casero, former cyclist
# Peacey

Peacey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Basil Peacey (1889–1969), British divine, Bishop of Lebombo
* Jess Lawson Peacey (1885–1965), British sculptor
* John Peacey (1896–1971), English cricketer, and minister of the Church of England