OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Neonectria ditissima

Neonectria ditissima (syn. Neonectria galligena) is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes cankers that can kill branches of trees by choking them off. Apple and beech trees are two susceptible species.

## Host range

Neonectria ditissima host range encompass a variety of hardwood tree species such as, Fagus, Populus, Salix, Betula and Acer species. These tree species population are present in both America and Europe. Phylogenetic studies have revealed genetic divergence among both populations, at specific loci (ß-tubulin, RPB2). However, due to high levels of within-population diversity of the American populations, it has been hypothesized that America is N. ditissima place of origin.

## Disease management

Neonectria ditissima is a difficult pathogen to eradicate—but there are many ways to limit its spread and infection rate. Effective control requires a combination of cultural and chemical treatments.

### Cultural control

Multiple cultural techniques can manage the spread of N. ditissima. To minimize the number of wounds the pathogen can enter through, select trees that are well adapted to the local climate. In certain areas, trees must be able to resist damage due to environmental stresses such as cold temperatures. If cankers are present, it is important to prune out the damaged tissue in dry conditions. Dry conditions are unfavorable to the pathogen because it prohibits the development of fruiting structures and spore dispersal. It is essential to disinfect the equipment before and after pruning to prevent the spread of the pathogen to uninfected trees. Cankered prunings must be removed from the area and burned to eliminate the risk of continuing spore production. It is crucial to limit the use of high nitrogen, especially in manure, because it encourages and facilitates N. ditissima.

### Chemical control

Fungicides that control N. ditissima are limited. Infection by N. ditissima often occurs through wounds in the autumn and spring-summer period, therefore, it's best to apply fungicides at those times. Fungicides prevent or decrease sporulation of existing cankers, which in turn decreases inoculum available to spread the pathogen. Fungicides may also protect trees from N. ditissima through a fungitoxic deposit over favorable infection sites. A mixture of carbendazim and a scab fungicide, such as dithianon, is the suggested treatment in areas with a severe canker problem. In areas with a reduced risk of canker, it is recommended that a scab fungicide be applied in the spring-summer and copper oxychloride applied at leaf-fall to avoid infection. Although scab fungicides are commonly used for managing apple scab, cankers are also controlled when applied at the correct time. Thiophanate-methyl is another fungicide that is highly effective because it protects trees against the pathogen and suppresses sporulation of already infected plants. However, the application of thiophanate-methyl is limited due to its harm on organisms such as mites.
# Neotrachystola maculipennis

Neotrachystola maculipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Neotrachystola. It was described by Fairmaire in 1900.
# Neotragus

Neotragus is a genus of dwarf antelope, native to Africa. The genus includes only a single species without any dispute, namely Neotragus pygmaeus. This species, the royal antelope, is the smallest antelope in the world, usually weighing around 5 to 7 pounds. They live in conditions that are warm and moist and are found in the tropical forests of Western Africa. The royal antelope's diet consists of high-nutrient food sources, such as leaves, flowers, plants, fruits, and the growing tips of shoots. Recent nucleic acid studies now suggest that the other two species formerly included in the genus are not closely related, and should be assigned to the genus Nesotragus. Members of the Nesotragus genus are the only surviving members of the subfamily Nesotraginae or tribe Nesotragini and are more closely related to the impala, while the royal antelope is still considered a member of the subfamily Antilopinae or tribe Antilopini.
# Nelimarkka

Nelimarkka is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eero Nelimarkka (1891–1977), Finnish painter
* George Nelimarkka (1917–2010), American basketball player
# Nelson Township

Nelson Township may refer to:
* Nelson Township, Clay County, Arkansas, in Clay County, Arkansas
* Nelson Township, Lee County, Illinois
* Nelson Township, Cloud County, Kansas
* Nelson Township, Michigan
* Nelson Township, Watonwan County, Minnesota
* Nelson Township, Barnes County, North Dakota
* Nelson Township, Portage County, Ohio
* Nelson Township, Pennsylvania
# Netra railway station

Netra railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway Station on the Diamond Harbour Branch line. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division in the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Netra railway station is situated beside Usthi-Hatugunj Bypass at Nudia, Netra, South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

In 1883, the Eastern Bengal Railway constructed a 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in)-wide broad-gauge railway from Baruipur Junction to Diamond Harbour via Netra.

## Electrification

Electrification from Baruipur Junction to Diamond Harbour including Netra was completed with 25 kV AC overhead system in 1965–66.

## Station complex

The platform is very much well sheltered. The station possesses many facilities including water and sanitation. There is a proper approach road to this station.
# Nettie (name)

Nettie is a feminine given name that is a diminutive form of Annette, Jeanette, Anna and Antonia. Its popularity in the United States has continually declined since its peak in the 1910s and 1920s. Notable people with this name include:

## Given name

* Nettie Craig Asberry (1865–1968), American educator
* Nettie Lee Benson (1905–1993), American librarian
* Nettie Sanford Chapin (1830–1901), American teacher, historian, author, newspaper publisher and suffragist
* Nettie McKenzie Clapp (1868–1935), American politician
* Nettie Crawford, the 1962 Scripps National Spelling Bee champion
* Nettie Depp (1874–1932), American education reformer and public official
* Nettie Grooss (1905–1977), Dutch sprinter
* Nettie Jane Kennedy (1916–2002), American artist
* Nettie McBirney (1887–1982), American inventor
* Nettie Mayersohn (1926–2020), American politician
* Nettie Metcalf (1859–1945), American poultry farmer
* Nettie Leila Michel (1863–1912), American businesswoman, author and magazine editor
* Nettie Langston Napier (1861–1938), American activist
* Nettie Nielsen (born 1964), Danish badminton player
* Nettie Rosenstein (1890–1980), American fashion designer
* Nettie Stevens (1861–1912), American geneticist
* Nettie Barcroft Taylor (1914–2016), American librarian
* Nettie L. White (c. 1850–1921), American suffragist and stenographer
* Nettie Wiebe (born 1949), Canadian professor
* Nettie Wild, Canadian filmmaker
* Nettie Young (1916–2010), American artist

## Nickname/stagename

* Nettie Adler (1868–1950), born Henrietta Adler, English politician
* Nettie Fowler (1835–1923), nickname of Nancy Fowler McCormick, American philanthropist
* Nettie Honeyball, pseudonym of possibly Mary Hutson, English footballer
* Nettie Cronise Lutes (1843–1923), nickname of Annette Cronise Lutes, American lawyer
* Nettie Parrish Martin (1840–1915), nom de plume of Marie Antoinette Parrish Hough Martin, American writer
* Nettie Palmer (1885–1964), nickname of Janet Gertrude Palmer, née Higgins, Australian poet and critic
* Nettie Runnals (1885–1980), nickname of Ninetta May Runnals, American academic
* Nettie Tobin (1863–1944), nickname of Esther Tobin, American Bahá'í community member

## Fictional characters

* Nettie Fowler, a character in Carousel (musical)
# Neoregelia magdalenae

Neoregelia magdalenae is a species of flowering plant in the genus Neoregelia. This species is endemic to Brazil.

## Cultivars

* Neoregelia 'Crimson Sky'
* Neoregelia 'Crimson Sun'
* Neoregelia 'Cyclops Red'
* Neoregelia 'Nostradamus'
* Neoregelia 'Prophecy'
* Neoregelia 'Sophie'
* Neoregelia 'Star Of Brazil'
# Neoregelia maculata

Neoregelia maculata is a species of flowering plant in the genus Neoregelia. This species is endemic to Brazil.
# Neodaruma

Neodaruma tamanukii is a moth in the family Drepanidae and the only species in the genus Neodaruma. The species and genus were described by Shōnen Matsumura in 1933. It is found in China (Inner Mongolia), south-eastern Russia and Japan.
# Nepotilla lamellosa

Nepotilla lamellosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 4 mm, its diameter 2 mm.
This is a very characteristic minute shell containing 5 whorls. The protoconch is smooth. The angular whorls of the spire form a tabulated spire. The spiral tricarinate keels, of which there are four on the body whorl, as well as the interstices, are crossed by fine close lamellae. The suture is minutely channeled. The base of the shell is contracted, lirate and slightly rostrate. The aperture is rather expanded. The outer lip is arcuate and strongly sinuated. The unique specimen is straw-coloured, with a single brown blotch in front.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania
# Nepotilla marmorata

Nepotilla marmorata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Daphnella marmorata (Verco, 1909) is a junior homonym of Daphnella marmorata Hinds, 1844

## Description

Joseph Verco (1909) and J.K. Tucker (2004) considered this species as a variety of Nepotilla minuta. Verco described it as beautifully marbled with flames of white and deep blackish-brown.
Charles Hedley (1922) considered it as a variety of Nepotilla mimica

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania
# Nepenthes × trusmadiensis

Nepenthes × trusmadiensis (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌtruːsmɑːdiˈɛnsɪs/; after Mount Trus Madi), or the Trus Madi Pitcher-Plant, is a natural hybrid of two famous Bornean pitcher plant species: N. lowii and N. macrophylla. It is restricted to Mount Trus Madi, where both of its parent species are sympatric.

## Botanical history

Nepenthes × trusmadiensis was discovered by Johannes Marabini and John Briggs in 1983. It was described the same year by Marabini. Briggs wrote the following account of its discovery:
   We were about to leave the summit around 8.00 a.m. when Johannes Marabini emerged from a dense bush [...] holding two huge pitchers quite unlike any other species. The most striking feature was the sheer size of the pitchers—they were bigger than anything else on Trus Madi. Later on, we were to realise that they were the second biggest pitchers of all the Borneo Nepenthes—exceeded only by those of N. rajah on Kinabalu. [...] The evidence strongly suggested the new pitcher-plant was a hybrid of N. lowii and N. edwardsiana. The great size of the pitchers agreed with this idea—being characteristic of hybrids. There was no time to investigate the distribution of this new plant. So, after collecting a few specimens we set off down the mountain for the three-day trek back to Tambunan.

## Description

Nepenthes × trusmadiensis has petiolate leaves measuring up to 50 cm in length. The pitchers of this hybrid are some of the largest of any Bornean Nepenthes species, reaching 35 cm in height. They are roughly intermediate in form between those of its parent species. The lid is held away from the mouth as in N. lowii and bears short bristles on its lower surface. The peristome has prominent ribs and teeth, but is not as developed as that of N. macrophylla. The inflorescence of N. × trusmadiensis may be up to 50 cm long and has two-flowered pedicels. Despite the size of the pitchers, this hybrid is not large in stature.

## Ecology

Nepenthes × trusmadiensis is restricted to the summit ridge of Mount Trus Madi and has been recorded from elevations of 2500 to 2600 m above sea level.
# Nepenthes × truncalata

Nepenthes × truncalata (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌtrʌŋkəˈlɑːtə/; a blend of truncata and alata) is a natural hybrid involving N. alata and N. truncata. Like its two parent species, it is endemic to the Philippines, but limited in distribution by the natural range of N. truncata on Mindanao.
# Nepenthosyrphus malayanus

Nepenthosyrphus malayanus is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Malaysia.
# Neptis occidentalis

Neptis occidentalis, the mountain sailer, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. The habitat consists of montane and riparian forests.

## Subspecies

* Neptis occidentalis occidentalis (Democratic Republic of the Congo: Ituri and Kivu, southern Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, western Tanzania)
* Neptis occidentalis batesii Hall, 1930 (Nigeria, Cameroon)
# Netelia producta

Netelia producta is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the subfamily Tryphoninae found in Australia.

## Description and identification

N. producta is one of about 9 described species and 11 undescribed species in its genus found in Australia. It is uniformly orange-brown in color like most members of the genus, and separation from its allies can only be reliably done by inspection of male genitalia with respect to a structure on the clasper.

## Distribution

N. producta is endemic to Australia.

## Life cycle

Netelia producta is a koinobiont larval parasitoid of caterpillars in the family Noctuidae. Among these hosts is the genus Helicoverpa, including Helicoverpa armigera, which is a pest of crops including tomatoes.
The female envenomates the host caterpillar to paralyze it and lays an egg behind the head capsule. After the egg hatches, the larva feeds on its host as the host develops. The larva later emerges once the host becomes a prepupa, which kills the host. The larva then spins its own black-colored cocoon out of silk and pupates in the subterranean pupation chamber created by its host.
# Neuroactive

Neuroactive is a Synthpop, Futurepop, EBM music group from Finland founded by Jarkko Tuohimaa, Ville Brusi, and Vesa Rainne.

## History

Neuroactive was formed in 1991 by Jarkko Tuohimaa (after he left the band Advanced Art), Ville Brusi, and Vesa Rainne. After signing with Cyberware Productions, their first album, Morphology, was released in 1994 and followed by Phonic Trace in 1997. Shortly thereafter, Brusi and Rainne left the group, and Kimmo Karjalainen came on board to sing for the next two albums, Fiber Optic Rhythm and Transients. Fiber Optic Rhythm also featured Geoff Pickney of The Nine on guest vocals.
Fiber Optic Rhythm was a huge breakthrough for Neuroactive, and they gained new fans worldwide. The album's popularity also attracted the attention of U.S. Synthpop record label A Different Drum who signed them in 1998. Neuroactive continued to release material under that label until its closing in 2014, including Transients in 2001, N-Gin in 2005, Antidote in 2009, and Electra in 2014.
After Transients, life and family obligations took energy away from the band leading vocalist Kimmo Karjalainen to depart and eventually begin his own project, Huminoida. The albums N-Gin and Antidote both included several guest singers, including Christopher Anton (Information Society), Kirk Taylor (The Dignity of Labour), Marcus Fellechner (Rename), and Albert Martinez (Neuropa) among others. Electra features all female vocals by Sonja Myers.
After a six year hiatus, Neuroactive returned with a new single, "Night Flights", on the Belgian label Alfa Matrix. Tuohimaa then brought back former members Karjalainen and Rainne to release a full-length album Minor Side-Effects and subsequent singles for "Dances" and "In Rust We Trust". Minor Side Effects also features two songs with guest vocals by John Peverieri of Halo Effect.
Neuroactive has remixed numerous bands over their career including: Aïboforcen, Aghast View, Iris, B! Machine, Neuropa, The Nine, T.O.Y., and Assemblage 23.

## Discography
### Albums

* Morphology (1994)
* Phonic Trace (1997)
* Fiber-Optic Rhythm (1999) – #16 CMJ RPM Charts U.S.
* Neurology 1994-2000 (2000)
* Transients (2001)
* N-gin (2005)
* Antidote (2009)
* Electra (2014)
* Minor Side-Effects (2020)

### Singles

* "Neuron" (1995)
* "Parallel Lifeforms" (1998) – #9 CMJ RPM Charts U.S.
* "Put Your Trust In Me" (1999)
* Visualise Mixes (1999)
* "Play" (2002)
* "Wonders of the World" (2002)
* "Space Divider" (2004)
* "Night Flights" (2020)
* Dances Remixes (2020)
* "In Rust We Trust" (2021)
# Optic vesicle

The eyes begin to develop as a pair of diverticula (pouches) from the lateral aspects of the forebrain. These diverticula make their appearance before the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube; after the closure of the tube around the 4th week of development, they are known as the optic vesicles. Previous studies of optic vesicles suggest that the surrounding extraocular tissues – the surface ectoderm and extraocular mesenchyme – are necessary for normal eye growth and differentiation.
They project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk, which goes on to form the optic nerve.

## Additional images

* Head of chick embryo of about thirty-eight hours’ incubation, viewed from the ventral surface. X 26
# Optic recess

At the junction of the floor and anterior wall of the third ventricle, immediately above the optic chiasma, the ventricle presents a small angular recess or diverticulum, the optic recess (or supraoptic recess).

## Additional images

* Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side.
# Orlov dol

Orlov Dol is a village in the municipality of Topolovgrad, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.

## History

The village's previous name was Minchevo.
In the nineteenth century, the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski allegedly visited the village three times, in 1870, 1871, and 1872.
# Oru Raagam Pala Thaalam

Oru Raagam Pala Thaalam (transl. One raga, many beats) is a 1979 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by M. Krishnan Nair. The film stars Madhu, Jayan, Srividya and Jagathy Sreekumar. It is a remake of the Tamil film Aalayamani (1962).

## Cast

* Madhu
* Jayan
* Srividya
* Jagathy Sreekumar
* Sankaradi
* Aranmula Ponnamma
* Balan K. Nair
* P. K. Abraham
* Reena
* T. P. Madhavan
* Vazhoor Rajan

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. S. Viswanathan with lyrics by Sreekumaran Thampi.
| Song | Singers |
| "Janikkumpol Nammal" | P. Jayachandran |
| "Kanakachilankachaarthum" | Vani Jairam |
| "Thedivanna Vasanthame" | P. Jayachandran |
# Orthalicus undatus

Orthalicus undatus is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Orthalicidae.

## Subspecies

* Orthalicus undatus jamaicensis (Pilsbry, 1899) - synonym: Orthalicus jamaicensis. This is the only taxon of the genus Orthalicus that has been recorded in Jamaica.
# Orthalicus

Orthalicus is a genus of land snails in the family Orthalicidae.

## Species

Species include:
* Orthalicus bensoni (Reeve, 1849)
* Orthalicus bifulguratus (Reeve, 1849)
* Orthalicus boucardi L. Pfeiffer, 1860
* Orthalicus capax Pilsbry, 1930
* Orthalicus crosseifischeri
* Orthalicus decolor Strebel, 1882
* Orthalicus delphinus (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus elegans Rolle, 1895
* Orthalicus euchrous
* Orthalicus ferussaci E. von Martens, 1863
* Orthalicus fischeri
* Orthalicus floridensis Pilsbry, 1891 – banded treesnail
* Orthalicus gruneri (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus hackeri (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus jamaicensis
* Orthalicus leucochilus Crosse & P. Fischer, 1869
* † Orthalicus linteus (Conrad, 1871)
* Orthalicus livens Shuttleworth, 1856
* Orthalicus lividus E. von Martens, 1863
* Orthalicus longus L. Pfeiffer, 1856
* Orthalicus maclurae E. von Martens, 1893
* Orthalicus maculiferus (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus maracaibensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1856)
* Orthalicus mars L. Pfeiffer, 1861
* Orthalicus melanocheilus (Valenciennes, 1833)
* Orthalicus miles
* Orthalicus muelleri (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus naesiotes
* Orthalicus nobilis Rolle, 1895
* Orthalicus pallidus (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus phlogerus (d'Orbigny, 1835)
* Orthalicus ponderosus Strebel, 1882
* Orthalicus princeps (G.B. Sowerby I, 1833)
* Orthalicus prototypus Pilsbry, 1899
* Orthalicus pseudolongus (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus pulchellus (Spix, 1827)
* Orthalicus quagus (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus reses (Say, 1830) – Stock Island treesnail
* Orthalicus richardsoni (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus selectus (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus sphinx (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus tepicensis (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus torrei (McGinty, 1939)
* Orthalicus turrita
* Orthalicus uhdeanus E. von Martens, 1893
* Orthalicus undatus (Bruguière, 1789)
* Orthalicus varius E. von Martens, 1873
* Orthalicus xanthus
* Orthalicus zonatus (Strebel, 1909)
* Orthalicus zoniferus Strebel, 1882
** Orthalicus zoniferus crossei (Martens, 1893)

### Species inquirendum

* Orthalicus zebra (O. F. Müller, 1774)

### Species brought into synonymy

* *Orthalicus isabellinus Martens, 1873: synonym of Orthalicus bensoni (Reeve, 1849) (junior synonym)
* Orthalicus macandrewi G. B. Sowerby III, 1889: synonym of Sultana (Metorthalicus) macandrewi (G. B. Sowerby III, 1889) represented as Sultana macandrewi (G. B. Sowerby III, 1889)
* Orthalicus meobambensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1855): synonym of Sultana meobambensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1855) (superseded combination)
* Orthalicus pfeifferi Hidalgo, 1869: synonym of Corona pfeifferi (Hidalgo, 1869)
* Orthalicus powisianus Petit de la Saussaye, 1843: synonym of Sultana powisiana (Petit de la Saussaye, 1843) (original combination)
* Orthalicus reginaeformis Strebel, 1909: synonym of Corona perversa (Swainson, 1823) (junior synonym)
* Orthalicus sultana (Dillwyn, 1817): synonym of Sultana sultana (Dillwyn, 1817) (unaccepted combination)
* Orthalicus tricinctus E. von Martens, 1893: synonym of Orthalicus ferussaci tricinctus E. von Martens, 1893 (basionym)
* Orthalicus trullisatus Shuttleworth, 1856: synonym of Sultana sultana (Dillwyn, 1817) (junior synonym)
# Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium

Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium (大阪市中央体育館, Ōsaka-shi Chūō Taiikukan), also known as the Asue Arena Osaka (Asueアリーナ大阪) for sponsorship reasons, is an indoor sporting arena located in Minato-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The arena was opened on 1996. From 1 March 2018 onwards, the arena was named as Maruzen Intec Arena Osaka (丸善インテックアリーナ大阪) after Maruzen Intec secured naming rights for the arena. The name was changed to the current one in 2022 as Maruzen Intec renamed their company as Asue.
This arena was built in Yahataya Park in the Osaka Bay area. The arena is all underground and the roof is covered with planting.

## History

* June 1993 - Start to construction.
* April 1996 - Finish to construction.

### Naming history
## Uses

The arena hosted several matches for the Women's Volleyball World Championship for its 1998, 2006, and 2010 editions.
B.League team Osaka Evessa (basketball team) holds home games at the Ookini Arena Maishima, but Osaka Evessa may also hold home games at the Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium.
F.League team Shriker Osaka (futsal team) holds home games at the Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium.

## Facilities
### Main Arena

* Floor size - 46 m × 77 m (3,580 m$^2$)
* Height - 19 m
* Full arena - 16,000 people
* Capacity - 10,000 people
* Fixed seats - 5,932 seats
* Movable seats - 1,390 seats

### Sub Arena

* Pitch size - 35 m × 38 m (1,540 m$^2$)
* Height - 12.5 m
* Fixed seats - 188 seats
* Main arena (F.League game)
* Main arena (Futsal game)

## Access

* 3 minute walk from Asashiobashi Station of Osaka Metro Chūō Line