OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sid Mercer

James Sidney Mercer (August 4, 1880 – June 19, 1945) was an American sports writer who covered mostly boxing and baseball in St. Louis and in New York City.

## Biography

Mercer was born to James H. and Laura Ann Search Mercer on August 4, 1880, in Kerr Township, Champaign County, Illinois, where his father farmed and attended school in nearby Paxton, Illinois.
Mercer began his career as a printer's apprentice with the St. Louis Republic. He later wrote for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, before the St. Louis Browns hired him as their road secretary in 1906. The following year, Mercer was hired at the New York Evening Globe. He later wrote for the New York Evening Journal and William Randolph Hearst's American (later known as the New York Journal American). He was a charter member of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).
Mercer died on June 19, 1945, in New York City. In 1946, Mercer was named to the Honor Rolls of Baseball by the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. In 1969, he was voted the J. G. Taylor Spink Award, the highest award bestowed by the BBWAA.
Mercer was the father of actress Frances Mercer.
# Perovec

Perovec (pronounced) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in eastern Slovenia. It lies north of Draža Vas, just east of the Slovenian A1 motorway. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
# Vatovia

Vatovia is a monotypic genus of Ethiopian jumping spiders containing the single species, Vatovia albosignata. It was first described by Lodovico di Caporiacco in 1940, and is found in Ethiopia. Its taxonomic relationships within the family Salticidae are uncertain.
# Wilhelm Meyerhoffer

Wilhelm Meyerhoffer (13 September 1864 – 21 April 1906) was a German chemist.
Meyerhoffer studied chemistry and worked with Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff at the University of Amsterdam and the University of Berlin.
The mineral Meyerhofferite is named after him.
# Udumbanchola

Udumbanchola is a taluk in Idukki district of the Indian state of Kerala. This is in the high ranges. Nedumkandam is the major town and capital of Udumbanchola taluk. Mathikettan Shola National Park is located in Udumbanchola.
In July 2019, a team of historians found new menhir, perhaps the largest-ever recorded in Kerala, on the Pothamala hills in Udumbanchola taluk on the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border. According to them, Pothamala hills housed hundreds of cobbled stone structures, pointing to the existence of a structured graveyard of a prehistoric civilization.

## Politics

Udumbanchola Assembly constituency is part of Idukki Lok Sabha constituency. Nedumkandam, Thookkupalam, K.Chappathu, Upputhara, Anakkara are the townships in Udumbumchola Taluk.

## Demographics

As of 2011 census, Udumbanchola village had a population of 10,064 with 5,100 males and 4,964 females. Udumbanchola village spreads over an area of 31.79 km$^2$ (12.27 sq mi) with 2,796 families residing in it. The average sex ratio was 982 lower than the state average of 1084. In Udumbanchola, 9.6% of the population was under 6 years of age. Udumbanchola had an average literacy of 81.6% lower than the state average of 94%; male literacy was 85% and female literacy was 78%.

## Administration

Udumbanchola taluk has administration over 18 revenue villages. Nedumkandam is the taluk headquarters. In 2013, separate Idukki taluk was carved out from Udumbanchola and Thodupuzha taluks for the ease of administration. The constituent villages in Udumbanchola taluk are:
* Anakkara, Anavilasam, Bisonvalley, Chakkupallam, Chathurangappara,
* Chinnakanal, Erattayar, Kalkoonthal, Kanthippara, Karunapuram,
* Pampadumpara, Parathode, Poopara, Rajakkad,
* Rajakumari, Santhanpara, Udumbanchola and Vandanmedu
# Lü Peng (critic)

Lü Peng (Chinese: 吕澎, born 1956) is a Chinese curator, critic and art historian. He has engaged extensively with Chinese modern and contemporary art for over thirty years. Lü Peng's Personal Website: luhistory.com.

## Education

Lü was born in 1956 in Chongqing, Sichuan. He graduated from the Political Studies Department of Sichuan Normal University in 1982, and was awarded a PhD in Critical Art Theory from the China Academy of Art in 2004.

## Career

Lü was Editor in Chief of the journal Theatre and Film from 1982–85 and subsequently served as Vice-Secretary of the Sichuan Dramatists Society from 1986–90. He then held the position of Executive Editor at the magazine Art & Market. In 1992, he was Artistic Director of the Guangzhou Biennale (officially titled the First Guangzhou Biennial Art Fair). His curatorial work includes: “A Gift to Marco Polo” (an event for the Venice Biennale, 2009), which showcased eight of China’s most prominent contemporary artists; “Reshaping History” (Beijing, 2010), a large-scale exposition presenting more than one thousand works by nearly two hundred of the most innovative Chinese artists of the first decade of the 21st century; and “Pure Views: New Painting from China” (Louise Blouin Foundation, Frieze, London, 2010), “Pure Views: New Painting from China” (Asian Art Museum, San Francisco, 2011); and the 2011 Chengdu Biennale.
Lü is Director of the Museum of Contemporary Art Chengdu, Director of ChinART, the management agency of Chinese art institutions, and is Associate Professor of the Department of Art History and Theory at the China Academy of Art, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He is a consulting authority for a number of Chinese government organisations and mainland Chinese companies.
In 2017, he took on the roles of the President of L-Art University, Professor of Sichuan Fine Arts Institute, and Xi'an Academy of Fine Arts.

## A History of Art in 20th-century China

The book A History of Art in 20th-century China is Lü Peng's monograph of modern Chinese art. In the preface, he confessed that he was influenced by many Western art history books and methodologies, while viewing and writing about Chinese art especially modern Chinese art in the age of globalisation, a set of localised theories was necessary:
   In the course of China’s reform and opening, I read Herbert Read’s Concise History of Western Painting (Frederick A. Praeger, New York 1959). As for H.H. Arnason’s History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 1978) and Ernest H. Gombrich’s The Story of Art (Phaidon Press Limited, 1983, 1984), I did not read them until a few years after graduation. These western works of art history had a big influence on me. But when confronting China’s ‘modern’ or ‘contemporary’ art, I felt the need to adopt a different method more suited to the subject. In view of the uniqueness of Chinese art and its context, I established a method of historical judgment based on a special background of politics, economics, culture and clashing civilizations. In my ‘Preface’ to the first Chinese edition I wrote of this in detail.
# Vroom & Dreesman Building, Heerlen

The Vroom & Dreesmann Building in Heerlen was a former department store and a hotel, later an office building in Heerlen, the Netherlands, designed by Frits Peutz in 1958. The lower part of the building housed a department store of the Dutch chain Vroom & Dreesmann (V&D). The higher part was a hotel, Hotel Europe.

## History

Vroom & Dreesmann had been located in Heerlen since 1920. In the first half of the 20th century Heerlen developed from an insignificant rural town into the dynamic urban centre of the Dutch coalmining district. The architect Frits Peutz played an important role in this transformation with buildings like the Glaspaleis, the former offices of Oranje Nassaumijnen, the Monseigneur Schrijnen Retreat House and the Town Hall.
In the 1950s Heerlen had become a medium-size town. The director of the Heerlen Vroom & Dreesmann store, mr. Adrianus Merkx, decided that it was time for a new and much bigger department store. As with the Glaspaleis, which was also designed as a department store, the commission was given to Frits Peutz. The interior design was done by mr. Kober and his daughter Marcia. The builders were E. Joosten and L. Reumkens.
The building consisted of two parts: a 10-storey hotel on the side of Geleenstraat, and a 4-storey department store facing Raadshuisplein. The Geleenstraat entrance was located 10 m lower than the entrance at Raadshuisplein (which is also the case for the adjacent Town Hall, also designed by Peutz).
The building included seven escalators, something unseen thusfar in Heerlen. 75,000 m of electric wiring were used, with 2000 sockets and a 100,000 watt spare power supply. Furthermore, there was a central telephone system with 380 connections, 120 cash registers, a pneumatic post system, three elevators for shoppers, two high speed elevators, and three goods elevators. There were loading and unloading docks for trucks and vans.
On the top floor was a tearoom and restaurant, called VenDorama. There were 30 dishwashers that could clean and dry up to 9200 dishes per hour,
In the early 1990s the building's facade was updated to a more contemporary design, which changed its appearance dramatically. After the renovation the building served as a municipal office building. It was demolished in 2019 to make room for a new municipal office building by Dutch architects Mecanoo which pays hommage to the adjacent Peutz town hall.
# Sid Mittra

Sid Mittra (May 13, 1930 – May 11, 2022) was an Indian-American economist and academic that was an emeritus professor of finance at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan and the founder of financial consulting firm Mittra and Associates.
Mittra was also a board member of the International Board of Standards and Practices of Certified Financial Planners. He was also a presenter at World Conference of the International Association for Financial Planning in 2017. He is the author of a textbook on financial planning titled Practicing Financial Planning

## Early life

Sid Mittra was born in the small town of Benaras on May 13, 1930. After completing his undergraduate degree from St. Johns College, he enrolled in a masters program at Dayanand Anglo Vedic College (or D.A.V. College). After the completion of his masters program he moved to Bombay as a research assistant in the Reserve Bank of India. He was awarded a Fulbright Grant and went to University of Florida to pursue his PhD in economics.

## Professional life

After completing his PhD, Mittra taught at the University of Detroit. After working for the United Nations for an assignment, Mittra became an associate professor at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan, before changing his research orientation from economics to finance. Mittra subsequently joined the Board of Certified Financial Planners and published a textbook on personal finance entitled, Practicing Financial Planning: A Complete Guide for Professionals, parts of which won a gold in Axiom Business Book Award in 2008. His other publications include Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, Inside Wall Street, Money and Banking: Theory, Analysis and Policy, and Dimensions in Macroeconomics: A Book of Readings.
Mittra founded a boutique financial planning business called Coordinated Financial Planning, later renamed Mittra & Associates. He also became a member of the International CFP Board.

## Later life and death

In his retirement, Mittra wrote an autobiography titled To Bee or Not To Bee.
Mittra died in Rochester, Michigan on May 11, 2022, at the age of 91.
# Peter Cusack

Peter Cusack may refer to:
* Peter Cusack (musician), British musician
* Peter Cusack (rugby league) (born 1977), Australian rugby league footballer
# Venison Creek (Ontario)

Venison Creek is the largest tributary to Big Creek, in the Long Point Region Conservation Area, on the north shore of Lake Erie, in Ontario, Canada.
The watershed was originally heavily wooded, until settlers of European descent cleared the land for farming.
Fish generally found in Venison Creek are northern pike, rainbow trout, brook trout, panfish, carp, smallmouth bass and brown trout. Catching a fish in this creek is generally the best between 6 AM and 12 PM and becoming sub-optimal between 6 PM and 6 AM.
# Wil Lou Gray

Wil Lou Gray (August 29, 1883 – March 10, 1984) was an influential educator for both children and adults, with her primary focus being on adult literacy.

## Early life and education

Wil Lou Gray was born on August 29, 1883, in Laurens, South Carolina. She was the middle child and only daughter of William Lafayette Gray and Sarah Louise Dial. Her father, William Lafayette Gray, was a lawyer, merchant-farmer, and state representative from Laurens County. Her mother, Sarah Louise Dial, was the sister of U.S. Senator Nathaniel B. Dial. The Grays were members of South Carolina's affluent class, devout Methodists, conservative Democrats, and contributors to the industrial development of their town.
At age nine, Gray lost her mother to tuberculosis. She graduated from Laurens High School in 1899. Gray continued her education at Columbia College, graduating in 1903. She accepted a teaching position in a one-room, rural schoolhouse in Greenwood County. Teaching opened her eyes to poverty and inspired her to pursue graduate work at Vanderbilt University in 1905 and also Columbia University in 1910. While at Columbia University, Gray developed a progressive educational philosophy while studying under William Archibald Dunning and James Harvey Robinson. In 1911, she received her master's degree in political science.

## Career

Gray's career began in 1903 in Greenwood, South Carolina, where she taught at the Jones School. The Greenwood community did not see education as a priority, so Gray transferred to a teaching position in English at the Martha Washington College in 1907 and 1908. She then returned to her hometown, where she became the principal of the Youngs School. It was here she observed the issue of adult illiteracy and developed her passion for increasing education among adults. She was elected the supervisor of rural schools in Laurens County and in 1914, opened the first night school for adult education.
On a trip to Switzerland in 1913, she witnessed a teacher on a field trip with more than one hundred boys, an experience that influenced her belief in the importance of field trips for both students and teachers. She would later travel with her students and colleagues to various cities, such as Columbia, Charleston, New York City, and Washington, D.C.
In 1921, Gray founded the Wil Lou Gray Opportunity School, which has since become an agency of the state of South Carolina.

## Awards

In 1937 she won the Algernon-Sidney Sullivan Award by the University of South Carolina for her service to mankind. She received a Service to the Black Race award from South Carolina State University. She received honorary doctorates from Wofford College, Columbia College, Clemson University, and Winthrop University. In 1950 the State American Legion granted her a plaque for distinguished public service. In 1974 she was inducted into the South Carolina Hall of Fame, and the Columbia Rotary Club honored her with the Paul Harris Fellowship Award. She was the only female nominee among thirty-four nominations for the South Carolina Man of the Half Century Award.
# Umda Sagar Lake

Umda Sagar Lake is located in the midst of Old City Hyderabad, India. The lake is one of four within Hyderabad, along with Shamirpet, Mir Alam, and Hussain Sagar (the last being largest at 275 km$^2$). In 1954 the lake was described as being 8 miles south of the city.
It was constructed during the reign of the Hyderabad Nizam.
# Vyner Street

Vyner Street is a cobblestone canal-side walkway in Bethnal Green in the East End of London, England. It was once called John Street in the 1830s. The street is known for its street art and for its galleries.

## History

The warehouse buildings rose from the Regents Canal without a towpath to interrupt development, giving direct access to the canal. On Wadeson Street, a row of Victorian workshops were built in what was a historically Jewish area. This became very overcrowded with 572 inhabitants living in 125 houses by the 1930s. The stretch was then redeveloped with warehouses and factories by 1937.
Vyner Street had been transformed into a hub of the East London art scene by 2005.
The Wilkinson Gallery opened on Cambridge Heath Road in 1998 and moved into Vyner Street in 2007. The gallery became known as one of the first in London to have exhibitions by major female artists such as Joan Jonas, Dara Birnbaum, and Laurie Simmons.
From 2005 to 2008 the EEL promoted and organised the Vyner Street Festival with the Victory Pub. This was a two-day family festival featuring local bands, artists and market traders with a different theme each year, with the Royal Air Force Red Arrows performing an impromptu flyover in 2008.
By 2012, many local residents and workers had moved out due to the effects of the Great Recession and the impact of the 2012 Olympics. A documentary film titled Vyner Street was released in the same year as a short observational piece chronicling the two different worlds living side by side in the same street.
By 2017, Amanda and Anthony Wilkinson said they were dissolving their partnership for personal reasons and thus closing Wilkinson Gallery. Nevertheless, commercial galleries were starting to make a return, with the Stuart Shave Modern Art reopening in October 2017 and the Tungsten Gallery opening in January 2018. Fourthspace are working on a new studio and apartment building on Vyner Street for artists Michael Landy and Gillian Wearing. Finnish designer Heikki Salonen announced a new menswear label called Vyner Street in the same year.

## Geography

Vyner Street is part of the wider Regents Canal Conservation Area, established in 2008. To the south of Vyner Street is Wadeson Street, which contains a row of three-storey Victorian workshops mostly converted to residential use. Both types contribute to the character of the area.

## Transport

No London Buses routes operate on or in Vyner Street but some do call on nearby Cambridge Heath Road and Mare Street. These include the 26, 48, 55, 106, 254, 388, D6 and night buses N26, N55 and N253. The D6 terminates near Ash Grove since 2014.
# M. Ambigapathi

M. Ambigapathi is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Communist Party of India candidate from Mannargudi constituency in 1977, and 1980 elections
# Shostakovich (disambiguation)

Shostakovich is the surname of Dmitri Shostakovich (1906–1975), a Soviet composer and pianist.
Shostakovich may also refer to:

## Music

* International Shostakovich Chamber Music Competition, a classical music contest in chamber music performance
* Shostakovich Quartet, a string quartet active 1966-2014

## Places

* Shostakovich Peninsula on southern Alexander Island, Antarctica
* 2669 Shostakovich, an 18km diameter minor planet

## Other uses

* Dmitri Shostakovich-class ferry, a class of ro-pax ferry built 1980-1986
* Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp., a 1948 legal case concerning copyright
* Shostakovich (surname), a Polish surname
# Peter Hardy (historian)

Peter Hardy (1922–2014) was a Lecturer, and later Reader, at the School of Oriental and African Studies from 1947 to 1983. A specialist in the history of Islam, the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal India, he had particular expertise in Indo-Persian historiography. Among his many publications, Historians of Medieval India is highly regarded. His book Muslims of British India is a key work on the colonial period, often re-printed. Hardy's essay "Abul Fazl's Portrait of the Perfect Padshah" was the first attempt to critically reappraise Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak and his political philosophy. His career has drawn the attention of Ian Brown in his history of SOAS.

## Key works

Historians of medieval India; studies in Indo-Muslim historical writing (London: Luzac, 1960)
Partners in freedom and true Muslims. The political thought of some Muslim scholars in British India 1912-1947 (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1971) Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies monograph series, no. 5 [Reprinted Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980]
The Muslims of British India (London: Cambridge University Press, 1972) Cambridge South Asian studies, 13
"Approaches to pre-modern Indo-Muslim historical writing: some reconsiderations in 1990-1991", pp. 49–71 in Peter Robb, K. N. Chaudhuri, and Avril Powell, eds. Society and ideology: essays in South Asian history presented to professor K.A. Ballhatchet, (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993.
"Didactic Historical Writing in Indian Islam: Ziya al-Din Barani's Treatment of the Reign of Sultan Muhammad Tughluq (1324-1351"), pp. 38–60 in Yohanan Friedmann, ed., Islam in Asia (Boulder: Westview Press, 1984)
"Islam and Muslims in South Asia" pp. 36–61 in Raphael Israeli, ed., The Crescent in the East: Islam in Asia Major (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1982) Republished (London: Curzon, Riverdale, Md.: Riverdale Company, 1989)
"Islam in South Asia", pp. 143–164 in Joseph M. Kitagawa, ed., The Religious Traditions of Asia (New York: Macmillan, 1989)
"Some general characteristics analysed", pp. 169–179 in Richard M. Eaton, ed. India's Islamic Traditions, 711-1750 (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003)
# Venisey

Venisey is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Upper Zion, Virginia

Upper Zion is an unincorporated community in Caroline County, Virginia, United States.
# Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Women's 50 metre freestyle S10

The women's 50 metre freestyle S10 event at the 2012 Paralympic Games took place on 31 August, at the London Aquatics Centre.
Three heats were held; one with five swimmers and two with six competitors each. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | 4 | Summer Mortimer | Canada | 28.21 | Q, PR |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | Sophie Pascoe | New Zealand | 28.41 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | 4 | Élodie Lorandi | France | 28.95 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | 3 | Nina Ryabova | Russia | 29.15 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | 5 | Susan Beth Scott | United States | 29.28 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | 6 | Aurelie Rivard | Canada | 29.29 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 5 | Katherine Downie | Australia | 29.40 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | 5 | Anna Eames | United States | 29.72 | Q |
| 9 | 1 | 3 | Esther Morales | Spain | 29.92 | |
| 10 | 1 | 6 | Harriet Lee | Great Britain | 29.97 | |
| 11 | 3 | 3 | Chantal Molenkamp | Netherlands | 30.09 | |
| 12 | 1 | 2 | Marije Oosterhuis | Netherlands | 30.24 | |
| 13 | 2 | 6 | Brianna Jennett-McNeill | Canada | 30.24 | |
| 14 | 3 | 7 | Oliwia Jablonska | Poland | 30.58 | |
| 15 | 2 | 7 | Shireen Sapiro | South Africa | 30.87 | AF |
| 16 | 3 | 2 | Park Semi | South Korea | 31.02 | |
| 17 | 2 | 2 | Katarzyna Pawlik | Poland | 31.37 | |

## Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 4 | Summer Mortimer | Canada | 28.10 | WR |
| | 5 | Sophie Pascoe | New Zealand | 28.24 | |
| | 3 | Élodie Lorandi | France | 28.67 | EU |
| 4 | 6 | Nina Ryabova | Russia | 28.85 | |
| 5 | 2 | Susan Beth Scott | United States | 28.92 | |
| 6 | 7 | Aurelie Rivard | Canada | 28.98 | |
| 7 | 1 | Katherine Downie | Australia | 29.10 | |
| 8 | 8 | Anna Eames | United States | 29.41 | |
# Ultimate Run-D.M.C.

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| HipHopDX | |
Ultimate Run–D.M.C. is a 2003 compilation album by Run–D.M.C. It contains 18 tracks as well as a bonus DVD with 14 music videos.

## Track listing

* "Rock Box" – 5:32
* "Run's House" – 3:45
* "Walk This Way" (feat. Aerosmith) - 5:11
* "Together Forever (Krush Groove 4)" (live at Hollis Park 1984) – 3:34
* "King of Rock" – 5:14
* "Jam-Master Jay" – 3:12
* "Hit It Run" – 3:11
* "It's Tricky" – 3:04
* "Peter Piper" – 3:23
* "It's Like That" – 4:51
* "Raising Hell" – 5:33
* "My Adidas" – 2:49
* "Sucker M.C.'s (Krush Groove 1)" – 3:11
* "Mary, Mary" – 3:14
* "Here We Go" (Live at the Fun House) – 4:06
* "Beats to the Rhyme" – 2:42
* "Down with the King" – 5:04
* "It's Like That" (Run-DMC vs. Jason Nevins) – 4:08
+ bonus DVD including 14 videos