OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United States v. Rybar

United States v. Rybar, 103 F.3d 273 (3d Cir. 1996), is a case which was argued before the Third Circuit Court of Appeals on September 13, 1995, and decided on December 30, 1996. The appeal addressed the constitutionality of a provision of the Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986 under the Commerce Clause and the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution.

## The case

Raymond Rybar, Jr., a federally licensed firearms dealer, had conditionally pleaded guilty to two counts of possessing an illegal machine gun under the Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986. He had possessed them at a gun show in Monroeville, Pennsylvania. The weapons in question were a Chinese Type 54 7.62-millimeter machine gun (see note below), and a U.S. Military M-3 .45 caliber submachine gun. Rybar was charged with four felonies, but only convicted of two. The other two counts were for failing to purchase a tax stamp (this is not registration) for the machine guns under the National Firearms Act of 1934 for firearms that can not be classified under 18 U.S.C. § 922o. A federal district court had previously ruled in United States v. Rock Island Armory, Inc. that a conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 922o would violate the fundamental fairness found in the Fifth Amendment. Rybar argued that these convictions violated his Second Amendment rights as well as the commerce clause of the United States Constitution.

## The decision

The Third Circuit Court upheld his convictions 2-1. Authoring a notable dissenting opinion was then-Judge Samuel Alito. Alito argued that the law under which Rybar had been convicted should be vacated, because Congress, in its lawmaking, had not made sufficient findings regarding the impact on interstate commerce clause to fully justify the court deferring to Congressional judgement that the law was authorized by the Commerce Clause. Rather than actually ruling that the law was unconstitutional, Alito asserted simply that Congress had not sufficiently justified it, allowing that, had Congress made sufficient findings, he would defer to those findings.
# William Robertson Flett

William Robertson Flett was a Canadian politician from the Conservative Party of Ontario. He represented St. Andrew in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1926 to 1929.
# Orders, decorations, and medals of Kiribati

The honours system of Kiribati was established by the Kiribati National Honours and Awards Act 1989. This act created a system of awards to recognize exemplary, meritorious or distinguished service, "in, for, or to Kiribati". The awards are divided into two categories, civil and disciplined forces. Awards are conferred by the Beretitenti, upon the advice of the Cabinet. The awards are as follows in their order of precedence:
Civil category;
* Kiribati Grand Order (K.G.O.) (Gilbertese: Ana Tokabeti Kiribati (A.T.K))
* Kiribati National Order (K.N.O) (Ana Kamoamoa Kiribati (A.K.K))
* Kiribati Cross (K.C) (Ana Kaibangaki N Ninikoria Kiribati (A.K.N.K))
* Kiribati Order of Merit (K.O.M) (Boutokan Toronibwain Kiribati (B.T.K))
Disciplined forces category;
* Meritorious Service Award (M.S.A) (Raoiroin Rakan Te Mwakuri (R.R.M))
* Kiribati Long Service and Good Conduct Award (K.L.S.G.C.A) (Kanikinaean Te Bekumwaka Ma te Kakaonimaki (K.B.K))
# Spartaeus ellipticus

Spartaeus ellipticus is a species of jumping spiders found only in Taiwan. It has a total length (excluding legs) of nearly 6 mm. The carapace is dark brown with paler markings towards the rear and a black margin. The whole carapace is densely covered with white hair. The legs are brown with many large, prominent spines. The oval abdomen is greyish brown marked overall with small dark patches.
This species is most similar to Spartaea thailandica but is much smaller with diagnostic differences in the configuration of spines on the first pair of legs and in the genitalia.
# Pretnar

Pretnar is a Slovenian surname. Notable people with this name include:
* Igor Pretnar (1924 – 1977) Slovenian film director
* Cveto Pretnar (born 1957) Slovenian ice hockey player who represented Yugoslavia at the 1984 Winter Olympics
* Špela Pretnar (born 1973) Slovenian alpine skier who represented Slovenia at the 2002 Winter Olympics
* Klemen Pretnar (born 1986) Slovenian ice hockey player who represented Slovenia at the 2011 IIHF World Championship
# Water chiller

A water chiller is a device used to lower the temperature of water. Most chillers use refrigerant in a closed loop system to facilitate heat exchange from water where the refrigerant is then pumped to a location where the waste heat is transferred to the atmosphere. However, there are other methods in performing this action.
In hydroponics, pumps, lights and ambient heat can warm the reservoir water temperatures, leading to plant root and health problems. For ideal plant health, a chiller can be used to lower the water temperature below ambient level; 68 °F (20 °C) is a good temperature for most plants. This results in healthy root production and efficient absorption of nutrients.
In air conditioning, chilled water is often used to cool a building's air and equipment, especially in situations where many individual rooms must be controlled separately, such as a hotel. A chiller lowers water temperature to between 40 °F (4 °C) and 45 °F (7 °C) before the water is pumped to the location to be cooled.
# Marta Portal

Marta Portal Nicolás (10 August 1930 – 26 August 2016) was a Spanish writer, critic, journalist, and professor associated with the Generation of '50. She was a recipient of the Premio Planeta de Novela.

## Career

Portal held a degree in philosophy and literature and a PhD in Information Sciences, and taught Hispano-American literature at the Complutense University of Madrid. In her work as a journalist she wrote news articles and literary criticism, as well as opinion columns in media such as ABC, El Alcázar, and Pueblo [es].
As a novelist, she discussed issues of women's education and double standards. In 1966 she was awarded the Premio Planeta for the novel A tientas y a ciegas. Portal received other awards over the course of her career, such as the Premio Adelaida Ristori, Premio Hucha de Plata de cuentos, and Premio de las Letras de Asturias. She was president of the Cultural Association of Hispano-Mexican Friendship. In 2001, the city council of her native town inaugurated the Casa de Cultura Marta Portal in her honor.
Marta Portal died in Madrid on 26 August 2016.

## Works
### Novels

* A tientas y a ciegas, Barcelona, Editorial Planeta, 1966 (Premio Planeta 1966)
* El malmuerto (1967)
* A ras de las sombras (1968)
* Ladridos a la luna (1970)
* El buen camino (1975)
* Un espacio erótico (1982)
* Pago de traición, Barcelona, Editorial Planeta, 1983
* El ángel caído (1994)
* Él y yo, nosotros tres (2002)

### Essays

* El maíz: grano sagrado de América (1970)
* Proceso narrativo de la revolución mexicana (1977)
* Análisis semiológico de Pedro Páramo (1981)
* Rulfo: Dinámica de la violencia (1984)

### Short stories

* La veintena (1973)
# Mantova doping investigation

The Mantova doping investigation was an investigation for doping in cycling, centered on the Lampre cycling team, named after the Italian town Mariana Mantovana. In total, 32 persons were accused of trafficking, prescription, administration and use of prohibited substances; the trial concluded in 2015, when all involved cyclists were cleared of any wrongdoing or not found guilty, and only one pharmacist and one local rider were found guilty.

## History

In 2010, Italian newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport reported that the Italian police were investigating doping cases that involved 54 persons in the 2008 and 2009 seasons. Following that news, Italian cyclists Alessandro Ballan and Mauro Santambrogio, who had left the Lampre team and were riding for BMC Racing Team, were temporarily pulled from racing by their teams because of this investigation.
In April 2011, a list of 32 persons that the prosecution was planning to charge was revealed. After this, Ballan and Santambrogio were again temporarily stopped from racing by their team BMC Racing Team, missing the 2011 Giro d'Italia. The Lampre–ISD team also decided to keep all riders and staff mentioned in the Mantova doping investigation out of the 2011 Giro. In May 2011, La Gazetta Dello Sport published details from the Mantova case, including extracts of phone call transcripts where doping was discussed between riders and staff.
In July 2013, a preliminary court hearing decided that the case should proceed, with a date set for December 2013; it was then also decided that 27 persons, of which 18 riders, would be on trial.
The Italian committee CONI received documents from the prosecutor, and based on that they demanded a two year doping ban for Alessandro Ballan.

## Resulting bans

* Cyclist Emanuele Bindi pleaded guilty, and received a one-year ban on the preliminary hearing.
* In January 2014, CONI handed Alessandro Ballan a two-year suspension, based on the information revealed in the Mantova investigation.

## In court

The court case started in December 2013; it was decided that the phone taps were admissible evidence. In 2015, prosecutor dropped several charges, and accepted that there was no evidence to prove a system of organized doping within the Lampre team. The judge decided to clear all involved cyclists from the Lampre team, including Ballan whose suspension was cleared.
# Vincent Liff

Vincent Liff (c. 1951–2003) was an American casting director of Broadway musicals and plays. According to NPR, he "changed the face of Broadway by bringing more children, minorities and foreigners to the stage."

## Early life

Vincent Liff was born circa 1951. His uncle Biff Liff, was a Broadway manager and producer.

## Career

Liff was a casting director. In the 1970s, he met Geoffrey Johnson through his uncle. Together, they founded Liff-Johnson, a casting agency. Their first casting job was for The Wiz, a 1975 musical on Broadway. They went on to cast two more Broadway musicals: Ain't Misbehavin' in 1978, and Dreamgirls in 1981. Additionally, they cast the following plays: Night and Day, Indiscretions, The Elephant Man, Morning's at Seven, Amadeus, The Dresser, Contact, and The Producers.
According to NPR, he "changed the face of Broadway by bringing more children, minorities and foreigners to the stage."

## Personal life

Liff was openly gay. He was in a romantic relationship with Ken Yung. They resided in Manhattan, New York City.

## Death

He died of brain cancer in 2003.
# Marcel!

Marcel! is a 2022 drama film directed by Jasmine Trinca who co-wrote the screenplay with Francesca Manieri. Starring Alba Rohrwacher, Maayane Conti and Giovanna Ralli, it is the director's first feature film and premiered at the Cannes Film Festival.

## Synopsis

The film portrays a troubled relationship between a street artist mother (Alba Rohrwacher) and her saxophone-playing daughter (Maayane Conti) who competes with the mother's dog Marcel for affection. It is Marcel (the only character in the film to have a name) who takes part in the mother's performances, while the daughter is not allowed to. When Marcel has an accident, the daughter comforts her distraught mother and the two set off on a trip in preparation for a street art festival, staying with a cousin on the way. Rohrwacher and Conti had played the roles of mother and daughter in Trinca's 2020 short film Being my Mom before reuniting for Marcel, the director's first feature film.
In the words of the director: "Marcel! doesn’t necessarily tell the truth, but focuses on portraying credibility; a place where things happen but more so, a world of projections where love is the core of it all. It is an attempt to rewrite a motherdaughter relationship where cruelty and care coexist, and it is shared by two women who are growing up."

## Cast

* Alba Rohrwacher as the mother
* Maayane Conti as the daughter
* Valentina Cervi as the cousin
* Giovanna Ralli as the grandmother
* Umberto Orsini as the grandfather
* Giuseppe Cederna as the elegant friend
* Dario Cantarelli as the suitor
* Valeria Golino as the psychoanalyst

## Release

The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 2022.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds 4 out of 4 "Fresh" (that is, generally favourable) ratings.
In a review for Screen International, Jonathan Holland described the film as a "delicate, well-observed homage to mime, to silent film, and to Rome in summertime" that "carefully and lovingly blends different tropes into a distinctive and often engaging part-real, part-fantasy world".

## Awards

| Award | Category | Recipient/Nominee | Result |
| Davide di Donatello Awards | Best New Director | Jasmine Trinca | Nominated |
| Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists | Best New Director | Jasmine Trinca | Nominated |
| Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists | Best Costume Design | Marta Passarini | Nominated |
| Raindance Film Festival | Best Debut Feature | Jasmine Trinca | Nominated |
| Raindance Film Festival | Best Director | Jasmine Trinca | Nominated |
| Silk Road International Film Festival | Best Film | Jasmine Trinca | Nominated |
| Silk Road International Film Festival | Best New Director | Jasmine Trinca | Nominated |
# William Stuart (bishop)

William Stuart PC (15 March 1755 – 6 May 1822) was an Anglican prelate who served as the Bishop of St David's in Wales from 1794 to 1800 and then Archbishop of Armagh in Ireland from 1800 until his death.

## Family life

Stuart was the son of John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (Prime Minister of Great Britain 1762–1763) and Mary Wortley-Montagu. There is a painting in the Tate Gallery in London of him aged 12 stealing eggs and chicks from a bird's nest.
He was educated at Winchester College and St John's College, Cambridge.
On 3 May 1796, William married Sophia Penn, daughter of Thomas Penn, and had three children:
* Mary Juliana Stuart (died 11 July 1866) married Thomas Knox, 2nd Earl of Ranfurly.
* Sir William Stuart (31 October 1798 - 7 July 1874) married firstly Henrietta Mariah Sarah, daughter of Admiral Sir Charles Pole, 1st Baronet, and married secondly Georgiana, daughter of General Frederick Nathaniel Walker.
* Henry Stuart, MP (5 April 1804 – 26 October 1854)

## Episcopal ministry

In 1793 he was appointed Canon of the fourth stall at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, a position he held until 1800.
He was consecrated Bishop of St David's on 12 January 1794. Six years later, he was nominated Archbishop of Armagh on 30 October 1800 and appointed by letters patent on 22 November 1800.

## Death

He died in London on 6 May 1822, aged 67, as a result of having accidentally taken an improper medicine.
He was buried at his family's seat, Luton Hoo in Bedfordshire.
In St Patrick's Anglican Cathedral in Armagh there is a life-size bas-relief marble figure of the Archbishop in the attitude of prayer, sculpted by Sir Francis Chantrey. Beneath it is the following Latin inscription:
    M. S. / Reverendissimi in Christo patris / GULIELMI STUART, S T P. / per annos xxii hujusce Ecclesiæ / Archiepiscopi. / Hoc monumentum / Clerici Armachani / pio functi munere / posuerunt. / Obiit anno salutis MDCCCXXII / Ætat. Suæ Ixviii.
    In sacred memory of the most reverend father in Christ, William Stuart STP, for 22 years archbishop of this church. The clergy of Armagh, making a pious offering, placed this monument. He died in the year of grace 1822, in the 68th year of his age.
# Orhanlar, Balya

Orhanlar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Balya of Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 332 (2022).
# Southern Light Opera Company

The Southern Light Opera Company the oldest amateur operatic society based in the Scottish city of Edinburgh. It performs an annual production of a musical or operetta each spring. Southern Light is a registered Charity.

## History

The Company was founded on 6 March 1897, in the Union Hotel, Cockburn street, Edinburgh. The first five shows were performed in the Operetta House in Chambers Street. The next production marked the company's only performance in Edinburgh's Theatre Royal. From 1902 to 1924 Southern Light performed in the Royal Lyceum Theatre. Since then all shows (apart from three) have been performed in the King's Theatre on Leven Street. The company returned to the Lyceum for one year for the 2012 production of Curtains.
# Premio Faenza

The Premio Faenza is an international prize for contemporary ceramic art. It is awarded by the Museo Internazionale delle Ceramiche in Faenza, in Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, and is the principal Italian prize of its kind.$^{:47}$

## History

The prize was established in 1931. In 1938 it became an annual national award and was named "Premio Faenza".$^{:48}$ The first recipient of the Premio Faenza was Pietro Melandri [it], who also won it in the following year.$^{:284}$ The award was not made in some years of the Second World War, and recommenced in 1946. In 1963 it became international in scope – although several foreign artists had already been invited to participate in earlier editions – and from 1989 it became a biennial award.$^{:48}$$^{:284}$

## Recipients

Among the recipients of the award are the sculptors Angelo Biancini (1946, 1957), Leoncillo Leonardi (1954, 1964) and Carlo Zauli [it] (1953, 1958 and 1962),$^{:17}$ and the ceramic artists Sueharu Fukami (1985) and Ken Eastman (1995).
# Wandsworth Formation

The Wandsworth Formation is a formation cropping out in Newfoundland.
# Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital

The Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, mainly known as Valdecilla, is a general hospital located in the city of Santander, Cantabria, in Spain.

## History

The Valdecilla Health House was founded by the end of the first third of the 20th century. Three different stages can be set to understand the history of the hospital: the first one, from its foundation in 1929 to 1969; the second one, until 1982; the third one, until 2000; and from that year to the current time.

## Important dates

* Foundation of the Valdecilla Health House, around 1910.
* Foundation of the hospital, with the important contribution of the Marquess of Valdecilla (1929). It included a nursing school, one of the first ones in Spain.
* Military hospital, since the Spanish Civil War to the 1950s. It involved a decline in the hospital.
* Inclusion in the National Health System (1969). By the same time, the Maternity Hospital, the children's hospital, the recently built Parayas psychiatric hospital and a geriatric hospital were added. New blocks were built to the General Hospital.
* Creation of the Santander medical school (University of Cantabria), associated to the hospital.
* Second important expansion, by 1982. It was followed by a new decline period.
* In 1997 the Hospital Virtual Valdecilla, a healthcare training center, was founded in collaboration with the University of Cantabria and the Government of Cantabria.
* In 1999, November 2, the older structures were so damaged that the north-eastern wall of the Trauma building collapsed. Four workers died, and many were injured. This accident resulted in the third important renovation, which is expected to conclude by 2012. By the time, Valdecilla is supposed to become a Hospital City, one of the biggest and best equipped in Spain.
# Working with Fire and Steel (song)

"Working with Fire and Steel" is a song by the English new wave band China Crisis, released as the second single from their second studio album Working with Fire and Steel – Possible Pop Songs Volume Two (1983). It peaked at No. 48 on the UK Singles Chart and at No. 47 in Australia. It was also a hit on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart where it reached No. 27.

## Critical reception

Spin said the song was, "pop in every sense of the word" but the meaning was, "too precious and couched in metaphor and the whole mix was too crowded with different sounds and instruments to be considered strictly pop. It was more than the average listener could decipher while watching MTV or tuning his car radio."

## Track listing

UK 7" single / 7" silver vinyl
* "Working with Fire and Steel"
* "Dockland"
* "Forever I and I"
UK 12" single
* "Working with Fire and Steel
* "Fire and Steel" (Mix)
* "Dockland"
* "Forever I and I"
US 12" single (Warner Bros.)
* "Working with Fire and Steel"
* "Fire and Steel" (Mix)
* "Dockland"
* "Forever I and I"
Canada 7" single (Virgin)
* "Working with Fire and Steel"
* "Dockland"
Europe 7" single
* "Working with Fire and Steel"
* "Forever I and I"
# Unison (video)

Unison is the first home video by Canadian singer Celine Dion, released on VHS on 2 July 1991. It includes the music videos from her English debut album, Unison (1990).

## Background

This collection features never before used version of "Calling You," previously unreleased version of Dion's breakthrough hit "Where Does My Heart Beat Now" (Canadian black-and-white version mixed with the US performance version), plus exclusive interviews with Dion at her home.
Three videos: "Délivre-moi," "Have a Heart," and "Calling You" were filmed during the Unison Tour at the Winter Garden Theatre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and later shown in the 1991 MusiMax TV special.
In the United States, the US version of "(If There Was) Any Other Way" from 1991 was included; in Canada, the Canadian version from 1990. This VHS was made in both English and in French. The two contain similar interviews conducted in both languages.
Unison home video was certified Gold in Canada on 1 May 1992.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 5,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 2 July 1991 | Epic | VHS | 49920 |
| Canada | 11 July 1991 | Columbia | VHS | 80164 (English) 80165 (French) |
| Australia | 1991 | Epic | VHS | 49920 |