OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Luiz Gonzaga Paes Landim

Luiz Gonzaga Paes Landim (31 May 1941 – 24 May 2021) was a Brazilian lawyer, professor and politician.

## Biography

He served three terms as a deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Piauí and was superintendent of Sudene.
# Venus on the Half-Shell and Others

Venus on the Half-Shell and Others (ISBN 978-1-59606-128-6) is a collection mostly of science fiction author Philip José Farmer's pseudonymous fictional-author literary works, edited by Christopher Paul Carey and published in 2008. Farmer describes a fictional-author story as "a tale supposedly written by an author who is a character in fiction." Carey, who had access to Farmer's correspondence while editing the book, reveals in his introduction that in the early to mid-1970s Farmer planned to edit an anthology of fictional-author stories by other writers. Farmer solicited fictional-author stories from authors such as Arthur Jean Cox, Philip K. Dick, Leslie Fiedler, Ron Goulart, Howard Waldrop, and Gene Wolfe, urging them to submit their stories to venues such as The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. Only Cox, Waldrop, and Wolfe completed their stories and had them published, although Philip K. Dick's never realized fictional-author story "A Man for No Countries" as by Hawthorne Abendsen is said to have led Dick to write his posthumous novel Radio Free Albemuth. In the end, Farmer's fictional-author anthology never materialized.

## The Tom Wode Bellman Conundrum

The Foreword by Tom Wode Bellman in Venus on the Half-Shell and Others states that Bellman was also solicited by Farmer to write a fictional-author story entitled "The Wee Weepers of Mu" as by Gabriel Weltstein, which was reputedly published in 1976 in a fanzine called Kukuanafan, although there has been some debate as to whether the name Tom Wode Bellman is itself a fictional-author pseudonym. The July 2008 issue of Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer published a Guest of Honor speech which Farmer presented at the science fiction convention Balticon 11 that only adds to the Bellman mystery. In the speech, Farmer states that he planned to write a novel about the science fiction community featuring a protagonist named Tom Wode Bellman. However, an essay accompanying the speech, purportedly by Bellman, claims that Farmer merely used Bellman's name for the character as a joke.

## Contents

* "Foreword" by Tom Wode Bellman
* "Introduction: More Real Than Life Itself: Philip José Farmer's Fictional-Author Period" by Christopher Paul Carey
* "Why and How I Became Kilgore Trout"
* Venus on the Half-Shell (a novel originally published under the byline Kilgore Trout)
* "The Obscure Life and Times of Kilgore Trout"
* "The Jungle Rot Kid on the Nod"
* "The Problem of the Sore Bridge--Among Others" as by Harry Manders
* "The Volcano" (originally published under the byline Paul Chapin)
* "Osiris on Crutches" as by Leo Queequeg Tincrowdor
* "The Phantom of the Sewers" (originally published as "It's the Queen of Darkness, Pal" by Rod Keen)
* "A Hole in Hell" as by Dane Helstrom
* "The Last Rise of Nick Adams" (originally published as "The Impotency of Bad Karma" under the byline Cordwainer Bird)
* The Adventure of the Peerless Peer as by John H. Watson
* "Philip José Farmer as Fictional Author: A Chronological Bibliography"
* "The Impotency of Bad Karma" (only available in the Lettered leatherbound edition)
# Unique Art

Unique Art Manufacturing Company was an American toy company, founded in 1916, based in Newark, New Jersey that made inexpensive toys, including wind-up mechanical toys, out of lithographed tin. One of its early products was a wind-up toy featuring two tin boxers.
The company scored a hit in the 1940s when it acquired the rights to a popular comic strip and released the Li'l Abner Dogpatch Band for Christmas 1945. The windup toy featured Abner dancing, Pappy on drums, Mammy with a drum stick, and Daisy Mae playing piano. Unique followed with a Howdy Doody band several years later.
Unique's president, Samuel Berger, was a good friend of toy magnate Louis Marx, and the two men's companies at times cooperated, with Marx providing tooling to Unique and sometimes acting as a distributor for Unique's products.
In 1949, Unique began producing lithographed tin O gauge toy trains, using tooling of its own design along with some recycled tooling from the defunct Dorfan Company. Unique sold its trains inexpensively, in boxed sets like Marx and also produced a circus set that was distributed on a car-by-car basis by the Jewel Tea Company. Marx saw this as a betrayal and responded with a new line similar in size to Unique's, but with lithographed rolling stock that looked more realistic. Unique found itself unable to compete, and withdrew its trains from the marketplace by 1951.
Although Unique only captured a small portion of the toy train craze of the early 1950s, a tin typewriter toy introduced during the same time frame did take market share away from Marx, who produced a similar toy. Marx responded by moving production of its typewriter toy to Japan in order to undercut Unique's price.
The circumstances surrounding Unique Art's eventual demise is unclear, but the company appears to have disappeared in 1952, when it was picked up in a corporate merger by the Jerry O'Mahony Diner Company, with some evidence of Marx picking up parts of the line.
# Passenger car equivalent

Passenger car equivalent (PCE) or passenger car unit (PCU) is a metric used in transportation engineering to assess traffic-flow rate on a highway.
A passenger car equivalent is essentially the impact that a mode of transport has on traffic variables (such as headway, speed, density) compared to a single car.
Traffic studies and/or analysis must be done to obtain the number of trips, which shall then be converted to PCUs based on the above standards. Each region has its own manual with regards to PCU equivalence factors. Highway capacity is measured in PCE/hour daily.
A common method used in the US is the density method. However, the PCU values derived from the density method are based on underlying homogeneous traffic concepts such as strict lane discipline, car following, and a vehicle fleet that does not vary greatly in width.
On the other hand, highways in India carry heterogeneous traffic, where road space is shared among many traffic modes with different physical dimensions. Loose lane discipline prevails; car following is not the norm. This complicates computing of PCE.
Using multiple heuristic techniques, transportation engineers convert a mixed traffic stream into a hypothetical passenger-car stream.

## Methods

Many methods exist for determining passenger car units (PCUs). Examples:
* homogenization coefficient,
* semi-empirical method,
* Walker's method,
* headway method,
* multiple linear regression method
* simulation method.
Transport for London recommend the following PCU values in an urban context:
* Pedal cycle 0.2
* Motorcycle 0.4
* Car or light goods vehicle 1.0
* Medium goods vehicle 1.5
* Bus or coach 2.0
* Heavy goods vehicle (HGV) 2.3
It may be appropriate to use different values for the same vehicle type according to circumstances. For example, in the UK in the 1960s and 1970s, bicycles were evaluated thus:
* on rural roads 0.5
* on urban roads 0.33
* on roundabouts 0.5
* at traffic lights 0.2.
# Surfest

Surfest is an annual surfing competition held in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Surfest began in 1985 as an initiative of Newcastle City Council, and at the time, was the world's richest surfing competition. The event runs for thirteen days, and from the 2007 event, has been held at Merewether Beach, having been held between Newcastle Beach and South Newcastle Beach in the past.
Surfest adopted a festival-style approach in 2015, with smaller, more official events held on surrounding beaches in the lead-up to the main event.

## Event champions

| Year | Men's division | Women's division | Location |
| 1985 | Tom Curren | Wendy Botha | Newcastle Beach |
| 1986 | Mark Occhilupo | Frieda Zamba | Newcastle Beach |
| 1987 | Tom Carroll | Jodie Cooper | Newcastle Beach |
| 1988 | Damien Hardman | Pam Burridge | Newcastle Beach |
| 1989 | Tom Carroll | Pauline Menzcer | Newcastle Beach |
| 1990 | Mike Parsons | Michelle Donoghue | Newcastle Beach |
| 1991 | event not held | event not held | | Newcastle Beach |
| 1992 | Damien Hardman | Vanessa Ousbourne | Newcastle Beach |
| 1993 | Barton Lynch | Pam Burridge | Newcastle Beach |
| 1994 | Shane Powell | Pam Burridge | Newcastle Beach |
| 1995 | Michael Rommelse | Neridah Falconer | Newcastle Beach |
| 1996 | Guilherme Herdy | Neridah Falconer | Newcastle Beach |
| 1997 | Shane Bevan | Kylie Webb | Newcastle Beach |
| 1998 | Mark Occhilupo | Hayley Tasker | Newcastle Beach |
| 1999 | Taylor Knox | not held | Newcastle Beach |
| 2000 | Mick Fanning | not held | Newcastle Beach |
| 2001 | Mick Campbell | not held | Newcastle Beach |
| 2002 | Mick Fanning | not held | Newcastle Beach |
| 2003 | Dayyan Neve | Rebecca Woods | Newcastle Beach |
| 2004 | Kelly Slater | Rebecca Woods | Newcastle Beach |
| 2005 | Mick Fanning | Lynette McKenzie | Newcastle Beach |
| 2006 | Neco Padaratz | Rebecca Woods | Newcastle Beach |
| 2007 | Jay Thomson | Silvana Lima | Merewether Beach |
| 2008 | Adriano De Souza | Stephanie Gilmore | Merewether Beach |
| 2009 | Travis Logie | Phillipa Anderson | Merewether Beach |
| 2010 | Glenn Hall | Kirby Wright | Merewether Beach |
| 2011 | Dion Atkinson | Coco Ho | Merewether Beach |
| 2012 | Willian Cardosa | Sally Fitzgibbons | Merewether Beach |
| 2013 | Joel Parkinson | Dimity Stoyle | Merewether Beach |
| 2014 | Matt Banting | Malia Manuel | Merewether Beach |
| 2015 | Alejo Muniz | Ellie Brooks | Merewether Beach |
| 2016 | Matt Wilkinson | Sally Fitzgibbons | Merewether Beach |
| 2017 | Yago Dora | Johanne Defay | Merewether Beach |
| 2018 | Mikey Wright | Coco Ho | Merewether Beach |
| 2019 | Alex Ribeiro | Sally Fitzgibbons | Merewether Beach |
| 2020 | Julian Wilson | Bronte Macaulay | Merewether Beach |
| 2021 | Cancelled due to COVID-19 | Cancelled due to COVID-19 | Cancelled due to COVID-19 |
| 2022 | Jackson Baker | Macy Callaghan | Merewether Beach |
| 2023 | Joel Vaughan | Bronte Macaulay | Merewether Beach |
| Source ||||
# Tromsø Sparebank

Tromsø Sparebank was a savings bank based in Tromsø, Norway. It was established in 1836 and merged with Sparebanken Nord in 1989 to form Sparebanken Nord-Norge. The bank established a branch in Longyearbyen in 1959.
# Tristan (Guinea)

Tristan (also: Tristão) is the largest island in the Tristan and Capken Islands, Guinea. Its area is 226 km².
10°52′N 14°55′W﻿ / ﻿10.867°N 14.917°W﻿ / 10.867; -14.917
* This Guinea location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Lublewo railway station

Lublewo is a non-operational PKP railway station on the disused PKP rail line 230 in Lublewo (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland, though the station itself lies more than half a kilometre outside the village proper.

## Lines crossing the station

| Start station | End station | Line type |
| Wejherowo | Garczegorze | Closed |
# Lucao

Lucão is a Portuguese-language nickname for Lucas and may refer to:
* Lucão (volleyball) (born 1986), born Lucas Saatkamp, Brazilian volleyball player
* Lucão (footballer, born 1990), born Lucas Galdino de Paiva, Brazilian football centre-back
* Lucão (footballer, born 1991), born Lucas Vinicius Gonçalves Silva, Brazilian football forward
* Lucão (footballer, born 1992), born Lucas Alves de Araujo, Brazilian football defender
* Lucão (footballer, born 1993), born Lucas Gama Moreira, Brazilian football defender
* Lucão (footballer, born 1995), born Lucas Marcos Meireles, Brazilian football forward
* Lucão (footballer, born 1996), born Lucas Cavalcante Silva Afonso, Brazilian football centre-back
* Lucão (footballer, born 2000), born Lucas Gabriel Ribeiro Firmo, Brazilian football forward
* Lucão (footballer, born 2001), born Lucas Alexandre Galdino de Azevedo, Brazilian football goalkeeper
* Lucão (footballer, born 2002), born Lucas Gabriel Da Silva Teodoro, Brazilian football defender
Lucao may refer to the following places:
* Lucao, Chiayi, a rural township in Chiayi County, Taiwan
* Lucao, a barangay of Dagupan, Philippines
# Lošinj Open

The Lošinj Open is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Lošinj, Croatia since 2021.

## Past finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2021 | Carlos Taberner | Marco Cecchinato | Walkover |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2021 | Andrej Martin Tristan-Samuel Weissborn | Victor Vlad Cornea Ergi Kırkın | 6–1, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$ |
# Ločič

Ločič (pronounced) is a village on the left bank of the Pesnica River in the Municipality of Trnovska Vas in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
There is a small chapel-shrine and a plague column right next to it in the centre of the settlement. The column dates to the 16th century and the shrine was built in the early 20th century.
Two Roman-era burial mounds have been identified near the settlement.
# Trochocarpa disticha

Trochocarpa disticha is a flowering plant species of the family Ericaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a tall shrub with slender branches, its leaves egg-shaped to narrowly lance-shaped and arranged in two opposite rows (distichous), reddish flowers in curved spikes with bell-shaped petal tubes, and deep to pale purple drupes.

## Description

Trochocarpa disticha is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 5 m (16 ft), with thin, spreading branches and branchlets with longitudinal grooves. The leaves are arranged in two opposite rows, egg-shaped to narrowly lance-shaped, 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long and often reddish, with 3 to 5 veins on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged in down-curved spikes 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long with small bracts and bracteoles about half as long as the sepals. The sepals are 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long and the petals are joined at the base to form a bell-shaped tube 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long, the lobes shorter than the tube. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is a pale to deep purple drupe 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1805 by Jacques Labillardière who gave it the name Cyathodes disticha in his Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen. In 1824, Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel transferred the species to Trochocarpa as T. disticha in Systema Vegetabilium. The specific epithet (disticha) means "in two rows or lines". This species closely resembles T. cunninghamii, which has larger leaves, and could be confused with T. gunnii which has smaller leaves than this species.

## Distribution and habitat

Trochocarpa disticha is endemic to Tasmania and can be found in the rainforests of the far southeast mostly below 400m, but is uncommon.
# Luigi Mastroianni

Luigi Mastroianni, Jr. (1925-2008) was an American gynecologist specializing in reproductive medicine. He played a significant role in the development of both effective contraception and assisted conception.
Mastroianni was born in 1925 in New Haven, Connecticut, where both of his parents worked as gynecologists. He studied zoology at his hometown university Yale (A.B. 1946) before training in medicine at Boston University (M.D. 1950). He was professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Pennsylvania from 1965 until his retirement in 2006.
In 1989 he was awarded the King Faisal International Prize in Medicine together with Sir Robert Edwards for contributions to the understanding of human infertility. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1993.
# Lucky Morani

Lucky Morani is an Indian fashion designer, model, stage and film actress. Morani is a noted fashion designer, and has designed, and modeled for several brands in India. In 2014, she ventured into mainstream acting with the bollywood crime thriller film Main Aur Charles.

## Early career and cinema

Morani was born in Mumbai, India. She did her schooling at St. Joseph's Convent High School, Mumbai. She holds a Bachelor of Commerce from Narsee Monjee College of Commerce and Economics, and Diploma in Fashion design from SNDT Women's University. Morani was an apprentice to fashion designer Hemanth Trivedi. She subsequently worked as Creative and Event Planner for the Cineyug Group Of Companies. She subsequently ventured into theater and stage acting through playwright and director Nadira Babbar's works. Lucky Morani received the 'I Am Woman' women empowerment award in 2016.

## Personal life

Morani is the wife of Bollywood film producer Mohamed Morani, and sister-in-law of Karim Morani and Aly Morani, the owners of Cineyug Entertainment, one of India's event management companies.
# Luis Senarens

Luis Philip Senarens (April 24, 1863 – December 26, 1939) was an American dime novel writer specializing in science fiction, once called "the American Jules Verne".

## Biography

Senarens grew up in a Cuban-American family in Brooklyn. Around 1882, Senarens began writing new stories in the Frank Reade adventure story series begun by Harry Enton in 1868. Senarens introduced Frank Reade, Jr. as the new main character. Senarens added elements such as electricity, airships, and helicopters which resulted in him being called "the American Jules Verne." The stories were very successful, and by the 1890s Senarens was asked by publisher Frank Tousey to write a similar series featuring Jack Wright, the "Boy Inventor". Later in the decade, Tousey created the Frank Reade Library, a periodical devoted to "invention" stories, largely (or wholly) composed by Senarens using the pseudonym Noname. Mike Ashley calls him "the first prolific writer of science fiction". He would eventually write more than 300 dime novels.
In 1917 Senarens became the editor of the Tousey detective story periodical, Mystery Magazine.
Senarens also wrote under the names Kit Clyde, W. J. Earle, Police Captain Howard, Noname and Ned Sparling.

## Works
### Frank Reade, Jr. series

The eleven Frank Reade, Jr., stories were published as by NONAME.
* Frank Reade, Jr., and His Airship (1884)
* Frank Reade, Jr., and His New Steam Man: the Young Inventor's Trip to the Far West (1892)
* Frank Reade Jr., and His Queen Clipper of the Clouds (1893)
* Frank Reade, Jr., and His Steam Wonder (1893)
* From Pole to Pole; Or, Frank Reade, Jr.'s Strange Submarine Voyage (1893)
* Lost in a Comet's Tail, or Frank Reade, Jr.'s Strange Adventure with His New Airship (1895)
* Lost in the Atlantic Valley Or, Frank Reade, Jr., and His Wonder, the "Dart" (1903)
* From Zone to Zone Or, The Wonderful Trip of Frank Reade, Jr., with His Latest Air-Ship (1903)
* Frank Reade, Jr.’s Search for the Silver Whale; Or, UNDER THE OCEAN IN THE ELECTRIC “DOLPHIN”
* The Transient Lake, or Frank Reade, Jr.’s Adventures in a Mysterious Country.
* The Sunken Isthmus or, Frank Reade, Jr., in the Yucatán Channel.

### Jack Wright series

* Jack Wright, The Boy Inventor (1891)
* Jack Wright And His Electric Canoe (1891)
* Jack Wright And His Under-Water Iron-clad (1891)
* Jack Wright And His Prairie Engine (1892)
* Jack Wright And His Electric Air Schooner (1892)
# Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa

The Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa (Enuma Anu Enlil Tablet 63) is the record of astronomical positions for Venus, as preserved in numerous cuneiform tablets dating from the first millennium BC. It is believed that this astronomical record was first compiled during the reign of King Ammisaduqa (or Ammizaduga), the fourth ruler after Hammurabi. Thus, the origins of this text could probably be dated to around the mid-seventeenth century BC (according to the Middle Chronology) despite allowing two possible dates.
The tablet gives the rise times of Venus and its first and last visibility on the horizon before or after sunrise and sunset (the heliacal risings and settings of Venus) in the form of lunar dates. These positions are given for a period of 21 years.

## Sources

This Venus tablet is part of Enuma Anu Enlil ("In the days of Anu and Enlil"), a long text dealing with Babylonian astrology, which mostly consists of omens in the form of celestial phenomena.
The earliest copy of this tablet to be published, a 7th-century BC cuneiform, part of the British Museum collections, was recovered from the library at Nineveh. It was first published in 1870 by Henry Creswicke Rawlinson and George Smith as Enuma Anu Enlil Tablet 63, in "Tablet of Movements of the Planet Venus and their Influences" (The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, volume III).
As many as 20 copies of this text are currently on record, many of them fragmentary, falling into 6 groups. The oldest of these copies is believed to be Source "B", found at Kish in 1924. It was copied from a tablet written at Babylon while Sargon II was King of Assyria between 720 and 704 BC.

## Interpretation

Several dates for the original omens, as contained in the tablet, were proposed early in the 20th century. The following dates, corresponding to the High, Middle, Low and Ultra-Low Chronologies, were inferred for the beginning of the Venus positions: 1702 BC, 1646/1638 BC, 1582 BC and 1550 BC, respectively.
The tablet's significance for corroborating Babylonian chronology was first recognised by Franz Xaver Kugler in 1912, when he succeeded in identifying the enigmatic "Year of the Golden Throne" ("Venus" tablet K.160) as potentially the 8th year of the reign of Ammisaduqa, based on one of his year names. Since then, this 7th-century BC copy has been variously interpreted to support several chronologies in the 2nd millennium BC.
Many uncertainties remain about the interpretation of the record of astronomical positions of Venus, as preserved in these surviving tablets. Some copying corruptions are probable. Problems of atmospheric refraction were addressed by Vahe Gurzadyan in a 2003 publication. The entry for some years, notably 13 and 21 are not physically possible and are considered in error. Also, the tables used to calculate the heliacal rising of Venus assume a rate at which the earth is slowing, a rate which is not certain, causing "clock-time errors".
# Neligh Township, Nebraska

Neligh Township, Nebraska may refer to the following places:
* Neligh Township, Antelope County, Nebraska
* Neligh Township, Cuming County, Nebraska