OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Margaret J. Anderson

Margaret Jane Anderson (née, Margaret Jane Boag; May 15, 1859 – September 24, 1930) was an American hotel owner, businesswomen, and socialite, from the U.S. state of Iowa. The widow of Lewis Anderson, she was the owner and developer of two properties in Los Angeles County, California: The Beverly Hills Hotel and the Hollywood Hotel.

## Biography

Margaret Jane Boag was born May 15, 1859 in Cedar, Mahaska County, Iowa to Rev Robert Boag and Christina Johnston Boag and moved with her family to California in 1874. She was of Scots-Irish parentage. On 5 December 1889 at Alhambra, California, she married Louis C. Anderson, who was 19 years her senior. Anderson maintained one of the early orange orchards of southern California at a ranch near Alhambra. Some accounts indicate he died, leaving Margaret a widow with two young children. However, other information is that he remarried eight years after he and Margaret married.
By 1903, Margaret and her son Stanley were managing the Hotel Hollywood for Almira Parker Hershey. Hershey and Anderson had a long history; both were Iowans and Anderson had begun her career working at Hershey's other hotels like the Darby and the Fremont. Despite the growth the hotel experienced under Anderson's management—expanding from 16 rooms to 250 and becoming one of the most known hotels in the area — the relationship between owner and manager was contentious. In 1909, it deteriorated to the point that lawsuits were filed. Hershey claimed that Anderson had failed to remit rents due on her management of the hotel and Anderson counter-claimed that Hershey failed to pay rent on the suites she was living in. The suits dragged through the courts for over two years. The public dispute led the Rodeo Land and Water Company to make an offer to Anderson for ownership of her own hotel. The company wanted a flagship to spur development and Anderson wanted ownership of the land, which she had been unable to secure from Hershey.
In 1911, plans were announced for the erection of the hotel by Anderson and her son, Stanley, at a cost of $500,000. Upon completion, Anderson staged a victory over Hershey when she announced to guests at the Hollywood Hotel that it was closed until new management was hired, as she had resigned. She offered jobs to all the staff and rooms at the soon-to-be opened Beverly Hills Hotel to the guests. The guests and staff relocated and the Beverly Hills Hotel opened on 30 April 1912. With an eye for perfection and the business acumen which had led to growth at the Hollywood Hotel, Anderson began marketing to Hollywood and by 1914, had secured the patronage of Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford, the "it" couple of their era. The hotel became the celebrity playhouse of choice, and known for not only its indulgence of clients but its strict policy of guarding guests' privacy. In 1928, Anderson sold the hotel and retired.
# Guðrøðarson

Guðrøðarson or Gudrödarson may refer to:
* Halfdan Gudrödarson or Halfdan the Black, (9th century?) king of Vestfold
* Haraldr Guðrøðarson, mid thirteenth-century King of the Isles
* Lǫgmaðr Guðrøðarson, late eleventh-century King of the Isles
* Ólafr Guðrøðarson (died 941), Irish-Viking leader who ruled Dublin and Viking Northumbria
* Óláfr Guðrøðarson (died 1153), twelfth-century King of Mann and the Isles
* Óláfr Guðrøðarson (died 1237) or Olaf the Black, King of the Isles, member of the Crovan dynasty
* Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson (died 1229), ruled as King of the Isles from 1187 to 1226
# Nor.Ca. Women's Handball Championship

The Nor.Ca. Women's Handball Championship is the official competition for women's national handball teams in North America and Caribbean. In addition to crowning the Nor.Ca. champions, the tournament also served as a qualifying tournament for the Pan American Handball Championship. Starting from the 2019 edition the tournament is a qualifying event for the IHF World Women's Handball Championship.

## Summary

| Year | Host | Final | Final | Final | Third place match | Third place match | Third place match |
| Year | Host | Champion | Score | Runner-up | Third place | Score | Fourth place |
| 2015 Details | Salinas | Cuba | 34–25 | Mexico | United States | 27–23 | Greenland |
| 2017 Details | Río Grande | Puerto Rico | 28–27 | United States | Dominican Republic | 32–27 | Greenland |
| 2019 Details | Mexico City | Cuba | 27–24 | Puerto Rico | Greenland | 22–20 | Dominican Republic |
| 2021 Details | Elgin | Puerto Rico | 34–24 | Greenland | Mexico | 28–14 | United States |
| 2023 Details | Nuuk | Greenland | 17–15 | Canada | Mexico | 29–27 | Cuba |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Puerto Rico | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | Cuba | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Greenland | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 4 | Mexico | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 5 | United States | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Canada | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Dominican Republic | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (7 entries) | Totals (7 entries) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 15 |

## Participating nations

| Nation | 2015 | 2017 | 2019 | 2021 | 2023 | Years |
| Canada | – | – | 7th | – | 2nd | 2 |
| Cuba | 1st | – | 1st | – | 4th | 3 |
| Dominican Republic | – | 3rd | 4th | – | – | 2 |
| Greenland | 4th | 4th | 3rd | 2nd | 1st | 5 |
| Martinique | 6th | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Mexico | 2nd | – | 6th | 3rd | 3rd | 4 |
| Puerto Rico | 5th | 1st | 2nd | 1st | – | 4 |
| United States | 3rd | 2nd | 5th | 4th | 5th | 5 |
| Total | 6 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 5 | |
# Short-path distillation

Short-path distillation is a distillation technique that involves the distillate traveling a short distance, often only a few centimeters, and is normally done at reduced pressure. Short-path distillation systems often have a variety of names depending on the manufacturer of the system and what compounds are being distilled within them. A classic example would be a distillation involving the distillate traveling from one glass bulb to another, without the need for a condenser separating the two chambers. This technique is often used for compounds which are unstable at high temperatures or to purify small amounts of compound. The advantage is that the heating temperature can be considerably lower at reduced pressure than the boiling point of the liquid at standard pressure, and the distillate only has to travel a short distance before condensing. A short path ensures that little compound is lost on the sides of the apparatus. The Kugelrohr is a kind of a short path distillation apparatus which can contain multiple chambers to collect distillate fractions. To increase the evaporation rate without increasing temperature there are several modern techniques that increase the surface area of the liquid such as thin film, wiped film or 'wiper' film, and rolled film all of which involve mechanically spreading a film of the liquid over a large surface.
# Niaz Ahmad Chaudhry

Niaz Ahmad Chaudhry born in 1949 in District Jhang (Punjab, Pakistan). He completed his M.Sc. (Hons) in 1974 in the field of Horticulture. After serving for three years in different organizations he joined Punjab agriculture research in the horticulture group in 1976. He served in several research stations and institutions and conducted research on various fruit crops such as Mango, Date, Citrus etc. The research conducted during his service was got published in national research journals.

## Achievements

Niaz Ahmad Chaudhry, Conducted research on different fruit crops. Spent more than 20 years on citrus Research. According to the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) his major contributions in national and international agriculture includes:
* Introduced a new method of pollinating Dates and invented a Hand Date Pollinator. On this, he has been given the Governor's Award.
* Introduced new citrus varieties of grapefruit, mandarin, and sweet oranges.
* A new dwarf rootstock flying dragon evaluated to overcome bud union crease in musambi.
* To overcome bud union crease in musambi a new grafting technique i.e. double grafting i.e. use of inter stock was introduced.
* Discovered a seedless kinnow Mutant while posted at Director CRI Sargodha.
* Established new Horticulture Research Station DG Khan, Research sub station Bahawalpur, CRS & Citrus Research Institute at Sargodha.
He received Norman Borlaug Award in 2008 in recognition of services in citriculture. All Pakistan Fruits and Vegetable Exporters Association and Citrus Growers Association awarded shields and certificates in recognition of the invention of seedless kinnow. Has 78 research publications on different aspects of citrus production published in reputed journals. Worked as Horticulturist, Principal Scientific officer/Project Director and Director at various Research stations.
# Tsutsujigaoka Station

Tsutsujigaoka Station the name of two train stations in Japan.
* Tsutsujigaoka Station (Miyagi) (榴ヶ岡駅), in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture
* Tsutsujigaoka Station (Tokyo) (つつじヶ丘駅), in Tokyo
# United Socialist Party of Venezuela Youth

The United Socialist Party of Venezuela Youth (Spanish: Juventud del Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela, JPSUV) is the youth wing of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, which constitutes the initial scope of action of young people within the militant activity and under the party's guidelines.

## History

JPSUV was founded in Puerto Ordaz, in the state of Bolívar, on 12 September 2008.

### Founding congress

Prior to the founding congress, in July 2008, 140,000 young militants from all over the country were organized to form 14,000 "youth work teams" in the "socialist battalions" of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela. In each work team, a youth representative was chosen in August 2008 for the "socialist circumscription" of the party, to attend as a delegate to the founding congress of the JPSUV, scheduled for the month of September, in accordance as approved by the National Political Direction of the PSUV.
The founding congress of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela Youth (JPSUV) was held between September 11 and 13, 2008 in the city of Puerto Ordaz, Bolívar state, with the participation of more than 1,400 delegates elected from all over the country and It was attended by international delegates from Latin America, Europe, Oceania and the United States.

## Membership

JPSUV has more than 2 million registered members aged between 15 and 30 years.

### Affiliations

JPSUV is a member of the Young People of the Simon Bolivar Patriotic Pole. Internationally it is a member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth (FMJD).
# Fassifern Valley, Queensland

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Fassifern Valley is a rural locality in the Scenic Rim Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Fassifern Valley had a population of 112 people.

## Geography

Reynolds Creek forms the western boundary.
The Boonah–Fassifern Road (State Route 90) runs through from east to west.
Tenders were called in October 1905 to erect a provisional school. Fassifern Valley Provisional School opened on 13 March 1906. It became Fassifern State School on 1 January 1909. It closed in 1958 and its students transferred to Engelsburg State School in Kalbar (later renamed Kalbar State School). It was at 16 Tutin Road (27°58′11″S 152°36′31″E﻿ / ﻿27.9697°S 152.6085°E﻿ / -27.9697; 152.6085﻿ (Fassifern Valley State School (former))).
The first stage of the Mount Edwards railway line reached Engelsburg (now Kalbar) on 17 April 1916, but it was not until 7 October 1922 that the second and final stage of the line opened, including the Fassifern Valley railway station on Charlwood Road (now Lake Moogerah Road, 27°58′23″S 152°35′59″E﻿ / ﻿27.97297°S 152.59979°E﻿ / -27.97297; 152.59979﻿ (Fassifern Valley railway station)). The Mount Edwards railway line closed on 1 November 1960.
In the 2016 census, Fassifern Valley had a population of 91 people. The locality contains 41 households, in which 56.0% of the population are males and 44.0% of the population are females with a median age of 41, 3 years above the national average. The average weekly household income is $1,145, $293 below the national average.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Fassifern Valley had a population of 91 people.
In the 2021 census, Fassifern Valley had a population of 112 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Fassifern Valley. The nearest government primary schools are Kalbar State School in neighbouring Kalbar to the north and Aratula State School in Aratula to the south-west. The nearest government secondary school is Boonah State High School in Boonah to the south-east.
# Utricularia arenaria

Utricularia arenaria is a small annual carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. It is native to tropical and southern Africa, where it can be found in Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. There has also been a single collection from central India in Madhya Pradesh. U. arenaria grows as a terrestrial plant in damp, sandy or peaty soils in swampy grasslands or marshes at altitudes from near sea level to 2,400 m (7,874 ft). It was originally described and published by Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle in 1844.

## Synonyms

U. arenaria covers a vast native range and is a variable species, which accounts for the moderate amount of synonymy.
* [U. ecklonii H.Perrier]
* U. exilis Oliv.
* U. exilis var. arenaria (A.DC.) Kamieński
* U. exilis var. bryoides Welw. ex Hiern
* U. exilis var. ecklonii (Spreng.) Kamieński
* U. exilis var. hirsuta Kamieński
* U. exilis var. nematoscapa Welw. ex Hiern
* U. kirkii Stapf
* U. monophylla Dinter
* [U. parkeri H.Perrier]
* Utricularia sp. prob. U. exilis Oliv. & sp. aff. U. exilis Suess. & Merxm.
* U. tribracteata Hochst. ex A.Rich.
# Norbulingka Institute

    You may have been looking for Norbulingka Palace.
Norbulingka Institute, founded in 1995 by Kelsang and Kim Yeshi at Sidhpur, near Dharamshala, India, is dedicated to the preservation of the Tibetan culture in its literary and artistic forms.

## Etymology

The institute is named after Norbulingka, the traditional summer residence of the Dalai Lamas, in Lhasa, Tibet. The ground plan is based on the proportions of Avalokitesvara, the thousand-armed god of compassion, with the temple as the head.

## Overview

Norbulingka is dedicated to handing down tradition and restoring standards by providing training, education and employment for Tibetans. It supports an environment in which Tibetan community and family values can flourish. It reconciles the traditional creatively and respectfully with the modern, and seeks to create an international awareness of Tibetan values and their expression in art and literature. Norbulingka produces high quality, traditionally crafted art objects, as well as clothing and home furnishings. Free guided tours of the institute are available to visitors every day except Sunday. Workshop are also offered for those wishing to study Tibetan arts. The institute also runs two guesthouses—Norling Guesthouse and Chonor House. All proceeds from all Norbulingka's projects go directly back into the institute to further our endeavors to preserve Tibetan culture.
Norbulingka's art studios include Tibetan statue making, thangka painting, screen-printing, applique and tailoring, woodcarving, wood painting, papermaking, and wood and metal craft.
The Academy of Tibetan Culture, established in 1997, offers a three-year course of higher education in traditional Tibetan studies, as well as English, Chinese, and world history.
The Research Department of Norbulingka houses the team composing the official biography of the Dalai Lama, of which nine volumes in Tibetan have already been published. The research section is also compiling a comprehensive encyclopedia of Tibetan culture.
The institute also has the two-storeyed 'Seat of Happiness Temple' (Deden Tsuglakhang) built in 1985 and set amidst the Japanese inspired Norbulingka gardens. It is known for its 1,173 murals of Buddha, frescoes of all the Dalai Lamas and drawings chronicling the life of the 14th Dalai Lama. In the main hall stands the 4 mt high gilded copper Buddha Sakyamuni statue, made by institute's master statue-maker, the late Chenmo Pemba Dorje, and one of largest such statues outside Tibet. Around the temple are workshops of artisans and apprentices that produce various art objects, which are sold at the Norbulingka Shop, for the benefit of Tibetan refugees.
The Losel Doll Museum has diorama displays of traditional Tibetan scenes, using miniature Tibetan dolls in traditional costumes.
A short distance from the institute lies the Dolma Ling Buddhist nunnery, and the Gyato Monastery, temporary residence of the 17th Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje.
# Ngandangara

The Ngandangara were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.

## Country

In Norman Tindale's estimation, Ngandangara tribal lands extended over some 4,800 square miles (12,000 km$^2$). They were on the higher reaches of the ephemeral upper Wilson River; . To the north they were at Eromanga and approached the vicinity of Thylungra and Ray. Their southern limits lay around Nockatunga.

## Social organization

The Ngandangara were one of the most easterly Australian groups to employ the tribal rites of circumcision.

## Mythology

In 1928, P. D. Riddell, came across many Ngandangara, whom he identified as Unda Gnoora, further west at Durham Downs. He had gone there from Broken Hill to examine and photograph a notable arrangement of stones, measuring 90 by 200 feet in the district. The site where the stones were assembled, some as high as 3 feet, and in a distinct set of circles, was known as Alabena, which, because had been used for cattle mustering, a practice which contributed to the deterioration of the ceremonial ground's structure. The Ngandangara were extremely reluctant to reveal information about the locality, though Riddell eventually managed to ascertain from one informant that the site marked the ground where the first aboriginal person 'jumped up'.

## Alternative names

* Ngandangura
* Jarumarda (language name)
* Unda Gnoora
* Eromarra
# Tural Safguliyev

Tural Safguliyev (born 14 January 1991) is an Azerbaijani judoka.
Safguliyev is a bronze medalist from the 2018 Judo Grand Prix Antalya in the ‍–‍90 kg category.
# Woodnewton

Woodnewton is a village in Northamptonshire, England. Essentially a pair of parallel streets, the village lies to the north of a small stream, the Willow Brook, in Rockingham Forest. It is in North Northamptonshire. At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population was 442 people, increasing slightly to 450 at the 2011 Census.
The village's name means 'New farm/settlement'. The village is situated in the Forest of Cliffe, so 'wood' was added to signify that.
Woodnewton is home to 'Clownfest', a fundraising operation inspired by Coco the Clown. There is a woodcarved statue of 'Coco the clown' in the Woodnewton village park. Coco the clown is buried in the graveyard of St Mary's parish church, which is situated to the western end of the village. Clownfest raised enough money to pay for the building of the current village hall, which is a central hub for the village.
Other facilities include: Public House, Village hall, Church and a Pottery.
# Manipulator (device)

In robotics, a manipulator is a device used to manipulate materials without direct physical contact by the operator. The applications were originally for dealing with radioactive or biohazardous materials, using robotic arms, or they were used in inaccessible places. In more recent developments they have been used in diverse range of applications including welding automation, robotic surgery and in space. It is an arm-like mechanism that consists of a series of segments, usually sliding or jointed called cross-slides, which grasp and move objects with a number of degrees of freedom.
In industrial ergonomics a manipulator is a lift-assist device used to help workers lift, maneuver and place articles in process that are too heavy, too hot, too large or otherwise too difficult for a single worker to manually handle. As opposed to simply vertical lift assists (cranes, hoists, etc.) manipulators have the ability to reach in to tight spaces and remove workpieces. A good example would be removing large stamped parts from a press and placing them in a rack or similar dunnage. In welding, a column boom manipulator is used to increase deposition rates, reduce human error and other costs in a manufacturing setting.
Additionally, manipulator tooling gives the lift assist the ability to pitch, roll, or spin the part for appropriate placement. An example would be removing a part from a press in the horizontal and then pitching it up for vertical placement in a rack or rolling a part over for exposing the back of the part.

## Specialized types

One of the types of manipulators is balanced manipulator type MSP-250, controlled by the operator's hand. Such manipulators are used in various industries. Where there are special requirements to protect against fire and explosion, they may be driven by compressed air.
A welding manipulator can be either open arc or submerged arc. A welding manipulator can be used to weld horizontally and vertically and is ideal for job shops as they are robust, have high production volume capacity and a greater degree of flexibility in product engineering. Welding manipulators are commonly used in pipe and vessel fabrication but can be used in a cladding procedure with the aid of a proper welding fixture.

## Examples

Examples of robotic manipulators are:
* Canadarm
* Terabot-S by Oceaneering Space Systems
* SCARA
* da Vinci Surgical System
# Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's balance beam

The Pan American Gymnastics Championships were first held in 1997.
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place.

## Medalists

| Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1997 | Medellín | Raegan Tomasek | Denisse López | Leyanet González |
| 2001 | Cancún | Tabitha Yim | Tasha Schwikert | Camila Comin |
| 2004 | Maracaibo | Chellsie Memmel | Natasha Kelley | Celeste Andrea Carnevale |
| 2005 | Rio de Janeiro | Chellsie Memmel | Bianca Flohr | Alyssa Brown |
| 2008 | Rosario | Samantha Shapiro | Corrie Lothrop | Yessenia Estrada |
| 2010 | Guadalajara | Sabrina Vega | Jessica López | Sarah Finnegan |
| 2012 | Medellín | Daniele Hypólito | Adrian Gomes | Simona Castro |
| 2013 | San Juan | Ana Sofía Gómez | Jessica López | Dovélis Torres |
| 2014 | Mississauga | Ana Sofía Gómez | Jessica López | Julie Sinmon |
| 2016 | Sucre | Milena Theodoro | Meaghan Ruttan | Nicolle Castro |
| 2017 | Lima | Sophie Marois | Agustina Pisos | Carolyne Pedro |
| 2018 | Lima | Kara Eaker | Flávia Saraiva | Grace McCallum |
| 2021 | Rio de Janeiro | Luciana Alvarado | Paulina Campos | Júlia Soares |
| 2022 | Rio de Janeiro | Flávia Saraiva | Rebeca Andrade | Lexi Zeiss |
| 2023 | Medellín | Tiana Sumanasekera | Joscelyn Roberson | Aurélie Tran |
| 2024 | Santa Marta | Michelle Pineda | Andreza Lima | Sydney Turner |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States (USA) | 8 | 5 | 3 | 16 |
| 2 | Brazil (BRA) | 3 | 4 | 4 | 11 |
| 3 | Guatemala (GUA) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Mexico (MEX) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 5 | Canada (CAN) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 6 | Costa Rica (CRC) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Venezuela (VEN) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 8 | Argentina (ARG) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 9 | Cuba (CUB) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 10 | Chile (CHI) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (10 entries) | Totals (10 entries) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 48 |
# Oronde Bascome

Oronde Omari Bascome (born 8 March 1988) is a Bermudian cricketer who has played six One Day Internationals (ODI) and one Twenty20 International (T20I) for Bermuda. His younger brother, Onais Bascome, has also played for Bermuda. In September 2019, he was named in Bermuda's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates.
He made his ODI and T20I debut against Canada in June and August 2008, respectively.