OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# UPF

UPF may refer to:

## Organisations

* Union internationale de la presse francophone, an association of Francophone journalists
* Uganda Police Force, the national police force of Uganda
* Universal Peace Federation, an organization of the Unification Church

### Education

* Universidad Paulo Freire, a university in Nicaragua
* Universidade de Passo Fundo, a university in Brazil
* Universitat Pompeu Fabra, a university in Spain
* Université de la Polynésie Française, a university in Tahiti
* University Press of Florida, a scholarly press

### Politics

* Unified Popular Front, a political party in Iraq
* Union populaire française, a breakaway section of the French Communist Party, 1939
* Union pour la France, an electoral coalition in France, 1992–1997
* United Patriots Front, Australian street protest movement
* United People's Front of Nepal, a political organization
* United Popular Front, a Greek political party
* Up-Country People's Front, a political party in Sri Lanka
* Upsurging People's Force, a militant group in Sri Lanka

### Sport

* Universal Peace Foundation, a Palauan association football club

## Places

* Upper Palatine Forest, a natural region in Germany
* Ust’ Pinega Formation, a geological formation in Russia

## Other uses

* Ultraviolet Protection Factor, a rating for sun protective clothing
* Ultra-processed food
* Unified Power Format, a file format for electronic power intent
* Utah Pride Festival, an LGBT festival in Salt Lake City, Utah
* UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics, an animal advocacy think tank based at Pompeu Fabra University
# Lush Lashes

Lush Lashes is a thoroughbred filly that won the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot and the Musidora Stakes in York in 2008. She is owned and trained by Jim Bolger and was sired by Galileo out of Dance For Fun.
# Turán's method

In mathematics, Turán's method provides lower bounds for exponential sums and complex power sums. The method has been applied to problems in equidistribution.
The method applies to sums of the form
    $s_{\nu }=\sum _{n=1}^{N}b_{n}z_{n}^{\nu }\$
where the b and z are complex numbers and ν runs over a range of integers. There are two main results, depending on the size of the complex numbers z.

## Turán's first theorem

The first result applies to sums s$_ν$ where $|z_{n}|\geq 1$ for all n. For any range of ν of length N, say ν = M + 1, ..., M + N, there is some ν with |s$_ν$| at least c(M, N)|s$_0$| where
    $c(M,N)=\left({\sum _{k=0}^{N-1}{\binom {M+k}{k}}2^{k}}\right)^{-1}\ .$
The sum here may be replaced by the weaker but simpler $\left({\frac {N}{2e(M+N)}}\right)^{N-1}$.
We may deduce the Fabry gap theorem from this result.

## Turán's second theorem

The second result applies to sums s$_ν$ where $|z_{n}|\leq 1$ for all n. Assume that the z are ordered in decreasing absolute value and scaled so that |z$_1$| = 1. Then there is some ν with
    $|s_{\nu }|\geq 2\left({\frac {N}{8e(M+N)}}\right)^{N}\min _{1\leq j\leq N}\left\vert {\sum _{n=1}^{j}b_{n}}\right\vert \ .$
# Vitrified tile

Vitrified tile is a ceramic tile with very low porosity. It is an alternative to marble and granite flooring. Vitrified tiles are often used outdoors due to their water and frost resistance. There are four types of Vitrified tiles - Soluble salt, Double charge, Full Body, and Glazed.

## Process

Vitrified tile is made by hydraulic pressing a mixture of clay, quartz, feldspar and silica, which make vitreous surface. Thus creating a single mass making them hard with low porosity. Different clay bodies reach vitrification at different temperatures.

## Types

* Soluble salt vitrified tiles are screen printed and polished.
* Double charge vitrified tiles are fed through a press that prints the pattern with a double layer of pigment, 3 to 4 mm thicker than other types of tile. This process does not permit complex patterns but results in a long-wearing tile surface, suitable for heavy traffic commercial projects. The design layer should not be more than 4mm thickness, which may weaken the strength of the tile.
* Full body vitrified tiles have pigment in entire body (thickness) of the tile. This makes chips and scratches less noticeable and make this an ideal choice for high traffic zones, but the process significantly increases the cost.
* Glazed vitrified tiles (GVT) have a glazed surface. They offer a wide variety of design, art work and surface textures like wood grain, bamboo, slate or stone. This is also an expensive process, but the cost is dropping as digital printing techniques are introduced
# Nezam-e Jadid

The Nezam-e Jadid ("The new [military] order") was a project started by the Qajar crown prince Abbas Mirza to build an up-to-date Iranian army capable of fighting in a modern environment. Its name and military reforms resembled that of the Ottoman Nizam-I Cedid reforms made by the Ottoman Sultan Selim III (r. 1789–1807).
Abbas Mirza first employed Russian prisoners of war and deserters who provided practical instruction. Samson Makintsev, a commander in Abbas Mirza's army who rose to the rank of general, was the most well-known of these Russian troops. This approach of recruiting foreign instructors was strengthened when untrustworthy forces that had fought in France were sent to the Caucasian front during the War of the Sixth Coalition in Europe. In 1819, a regiment of 800 men was made up entirely of Russian deserters. French instructors began working at Tabriz in 1807, but after Iran severed ties with France, British officers made up the majority of the training staff. New ideas and administrative procedures were introduced with the Nezam reforms. Nezam troops started donning uniforms, initially in a color resembling Russian green and then French blue. Since the new uniform resembled non-Muslim clothing and went against Islamic clothing, the traditionalist clergy at first opposed it. However, the state leaders were able to convince them that it was required for the defense of Muslim areas. The title sarbaz ("one who is willing to sacrifice his head"), which is still used in the Iranian military today, was given to the soldiers.
Abbas Mirza's jealous brothers, especially Mohammad Ali Mirza Dowlatshah, as well as conservative court members criticized Abbas Mirza and Mirza Bozorg Qa'em-Maqam for their ideas of military reform being based on a European model. Accusations of professing Christianity was even made towards Mirza Bozorg, who was the main driving force behind the reforms.
# Shinkai Densetsu Meremanoid

Shinkai Densetsu Meremanoid (深海伝説MEREMANOID, lit. Legend of the Deep Sea Meremanoid, aka Meremanoid) is an original Japanese anime television series that was produced by Kitty Films and was animated by Triangle Staff and aired from October 9, 1997 to April 2, 1998 on TV Asahi. The series later spawned a PlayStation video game, released on August 5, 1999 by Xing Entertainment. The game is a fantasy role-playing game where the player takes the role of a mermaid trying to find the secrets of her race. The game uses a turn-based fighting system with special moves and attacks. The blocky graphics were typical for a PlayStation title of the era.
# Pelias (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Pelias (/ˈpiːliæs/; Ancient Greek: Πελίας) may refer to the following characters:
* Pelias, king of Iolcus and uncle of Jason who sent him to fetch the Golden Fleece.
* Pelias, a son of Aeginetes, descendant of King Amyclas of Laconia. Through his son Ampyx, Pelias was the ancestor of Patreus who founded Patras.
* Pelias, father of Iphidamas and Eurydamas who were both counted among the Achaeans in the Trojan War.
* Pelias, a Trojan warrior who participated in the siege of Troy. During the war, he was wounded by Odysseus.
# Valentin Gerasimov

Valentin Pavlovich Gerasimov (Russian: Валентин Павлович Герасимов; born on 28 May 1940), is a Russian politician and party figure, who had served as the first Governor of Kurgan Oblast from 1991 to 1995.

## Biography

Valentin Gerasimov was born on 28 May 1940 into a working-class family in the working village of Shumikha, Shumikhinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, now the administrative centre of the Shumikhinsky Municipal District, Kurgan Oblast. He is Russian. His father died in 1942.
In 1965, he graduated from the Kurgan Machine-Building Institute [ru] with a degree in automotive and tractor mechanical engineering. The same year, he worked at the Kurgan Bus Plant, where he went through all the stages - from design engineer to chief engineer from 1975 to 1979.
In 1967, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Since 1979, he was carrying out party work. He successively held the positions of second secretary of the Sovetsky City District [ru] committee of the CPSU of the city of Kurgan, first secretary of the Pervomaysky City District [ru] committee of the CPSU of the city of Kurgan, first secretary of the Kurgan city committee of the CPSU, second secretary of the Kurgan regional committee of the CPSU.
He had been elected deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR's XI convocation from 1984 to 1989.
In 1985, he graduated from the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU [ru].
In June 1988, he became chairman of the Kurgan Regional Executive Committee of the Council of People's Deputies.
In April 1990, he was elected a People's Deputy of the RSFSR, was a member of the Communists of Russia faction.
From November 1990 to October 1991, he was chairman of the Kurgan Regional Council of People's Deputies.
On 24 October 1991, Gerasimov became the first Governor of Kurgan Oblast, as was one of the last ones to be appointed head of the administration of the federal subjects of Russia.
He was a member of the Council of the Association for Economic Interaction of Regions and Republics of the Ural Region, and a Member of the Council of the All-Russian Public Movement "Our Home – Russia" party.
On 9 August 1995, on the eve of the parliamentary and presidential elections, Gerasimov was removed from his post, and replaced by Deputy Governor Anatoly Sobolev [ru] who was appointed governor.
After his resignation, for two compositions, from 1995 to 2003, he headed the Kurgan Regional Electoral Commission.

## Family

His father, Pavel, died in 1942.
He has two children, daughter Larisa, (born 1962), and Aleksey (born 1975).
# United Socialist Party

United or Unified or Unitary Socialist Party may refer to:
* Unified Socialist Party of Andalusia
* United Socialist Party (Bolivia)
* Unified Socialist Party (Burkina Faso)
* Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
* Unified Socialist Party (France)
* Unified Socialist Party (Germany)
* Unified Socialist Party (Italy)
* Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922)
* Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1949)
* United Socialist Party of Korea
* Unified Socialist Party of Mexico
* Unified Socialist Party (Morocco)
* Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)
* Unified Socialist Party (Persia)
* United Socialist Party (Romania)
* Socialist United Party of Russia
* Unitary Socialist Party–Socialist Agreement, San Marino
* United Socialist Party (Sri Lanka)
* United Socialist Party (UK)
* United Socialist Party of Venezuela
** United Socialist Party of Venezuela Youth
# Swanhaven, New South Wales

Swanhaven is a coastal town in the City of Shoalhaven in New South Wales, Australia. It is located 5 km south of Sussex Inlet on the road to Berrara on the lagoon of Swan Lake and the Tasman Sea. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 193.
# Třtice

Třtice is a municipality and village in Rakovník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

## History

The first written mention of Třtice is from 1352. It belonged to the Křivoklát estate.
# Lyle Yost

Lyle E. Yost (March 5, 1913 – April 5, 2012) was an agriculture equipment manufacturer and inventor in the United States.
Yost was the designer and inventor of the 1947 unloading auger, the catalyst for the development of Hesston Manufacturing in Hesston, Kansas. The device was used to unload grain from farm combines. The company's controlling stake was sold to Italian corporation Fiat Trattori in 1977. The remainder of the company was purchased in 1987 by the same firm. In 1991, a year after being established, AGCO Corporation purchased the rights to Hesston Manufacturing.
Yost's success in the agriculture industry led to multiple awards and accolades, including articles about his success in Fortune and Forbes.
# Lyndon, Ohio

Lyndon is an unincorporated community in Ross County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

Lyndon was originally called "Zora", and under the latter name was platted in 1853. The present name is after Lyndon, Massachusetts, the native home of an early settler. A former variant name was Lyndon Station. A post office called Lyndon Station was established in 1857, and the name was changed to Lyndon in 1882. Lyndon Station was located on the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad.
# Shivrai

Shivrai was a copper coin minted during the rule of Marathas and remained in circulation till the end of the 19th century, primarily in the western region of modern-day Maharashtra.
Before 1830s, shivrai was valued at 1/74 to 1/80 of a rupee. There are 150 different types of shivrai extant to date. In 1885, the British government ordered all local revenue collectors (Mamlatdars) to collect all shivrais and deposit them in treasury. The purpose of this was to bring the new pice, worth 1/64 of rupee, in currency by eliminating this native rival. In 1890, Rev. Abbott collected and studied around 25,000 shivrais. He mentions that they were still in circulation. The shivrai remained in circulation till the end of the 19th century.

## Shivaji's Shivrai

When the Maratha warrior Shivaji became Chhatrapati of the Maratha empire, as a symbol of sovereignty, the Rajyaabhisheka Shaka (The Coronation Era) was started. On the occasion of coronation, special coins were minted, including a gold coin called Shivrai Hon. These coins have Shri Raja ShivaChhatrapati, in Devanagari, inscribed on them.

## Dudandi Shivrai

Dudandi Shivrais (Marathi: दुदांडी शिवराई) were minted during Peshwa period. Dudandi literally means two-bars. The "Shri" at the top of the obverse is underlined. This horizontal line, combined with the horizontal heading line of the word "Raja", gives us an impression of "Double bars", hence the term "Dudandi".

## EIC's Shivrai

The British East India Company minted Shivrais at Poona during the period of 1820–1830. Unlike Earlier Shivrais, these contained year of minting on it. The dotted collar of earlier Shivrais is also absent. The year was given in Fasli era.
# Pelargonium pulchellum

Pelargonium pulchellum, known as the Nonesuch pelargonium, is a member of the family Geraniaceae found in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.
# Union (Kentucky) Bulldogs football

The Union Bulldogs football program represents Union College of Barbourville, Kentucky in college football. They are football-only members of the Mid-South Conference and compete at the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) level. The head coach is John Luttrell.

## History

The program dates back to 1905, when it played three games against Williamsburg Institute. After the 1905 season, the program did not field a team for the next 16 years from 1906 to 1921. The program resumed in 1922 and experienced a period of significant success during a 13-year period under coach J. R. Bacon from 1929 to 1941, including a 5–0–2 season in 1934. Union beat the Louisville Cardinals in the first four meetings between the two programs from 1932 to 1935, before losing in 1936.
The program was shut down in 1942 due to the lack of players during World War II. The Union football program did not restart again until 1984. Since football was resumed, the program has had little success, experiencing a 25-game losing streak that ran from 1998 to 2000. The program did win one Mid-South Conference co-championship in 1992 and played one game (a loss) in the NAIA championship series in 2008.
# Swazi Express Airways

Swazi Express Airways was an airline based in Swaziland and owned by Steffen Air Charter Services.

## History

The airline was established in 1995. It was then called Steffen Air, and later changed to Swazi Express Airways. The airline started operations in 1995 with a Cessna 210 (5 seater aircraft) with flights covering the following destinations: Matsapha (Swaziland), Maputo (Mozambique), and Vilanculos (Mozambique). In 1998 the Cessna 210 was upgraded to Cessna Caravan, (11 seater) and a new destination was added: Durban (South Africa). In 2002 the Cessna Caravan was upgraded to a Metro III, 19 seater.
Swazi Express ceased flight operations on 4 April 2008.

## Former destinations

* Swaziland (Matsapha Airport) - hub
* Maputo, Mozambique (Maputo International Airport)
* Vilanculos, Mozambique
* Durban, South Africa
* Johannesburg, South Africa

## Cargo services

Type of cargo: parcels, express documents and mail.
Services available on routes:
* Durban (South Africa)
* Maputo International Airport - Maputo (Mozambique)
* Matsapha Airport (Swaziland) (hub)
* Vilanculos (Mozambique)

## Fleet

The Swazi Express Airways fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of February 2008):
* 1 ATR 42-300
* 1 Fairchild Metro III
As of February 2008, the average age of the Swazi Express Airways fleet was 19.6 years.
# USS Drayton

Two ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Drayton for Percival Drayton.
* USS Drayton (DD-23) was a Paulding-class destroyer launched in 1910 and decommissioned in 1919 after service in World War I
* USS Drayton (DD-366) was a Mahan-class destroyer launched in 1936 and decommissioned by 1945 after service in World War II
# Turtle Lake (Tbilisi)

Turtle Lake is a direct English translation of Kus Tba (Georgian: კუს ტბა, romanized: k'us t'ba), a small lake at the outskirts of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. The other, less frequently used name of this lake is K'ork'i (ქორქის ტბა).

## Overview

Turtle Lake - or Kork Lake - is a lake in Georgia, in the city of Tbilisi. It is located southwest of the city center, on the northern slope of the Mtatsminda ridge, at an altitude of 686.7 m above sea level. Surface area 0.034 km, basin area 0.4 km, maximum depth 2.6 m, average depth 1.7 m. The length of the lake is 180 m and the width is 50 m. Placed in a small pan, it was formed by exotectonics - mainly as a result of landslide rocks.
Water from the Varaziskhevi river flows into the lake. In addition, Turtle Lake is fed by rain and groundwater. It is poor in fish. Vake Park joins the green massif of Turtle Lake and later the green area of the lake merges with Mtatsminda Park in a joint green massif. It is characterized by hilly plateau relief.
Turtle Lake and its surroundings are well maintained. Sports events are often held there. With the onset of summer, the swimming season on the lake begins. Along with the beach and open-air summer cafes and bars, Turtle Lake has a sports-recreational and cultural-recreational complex, including a mini-football stadium, a children's playground, a boating and professional concert stage with a pontoon, where various events are held during the season.
Turtle Lake is one of the most popular places for recreation and entertainment for Tbilisians, notably for its mild, continental, moderately dry climate, with winter mild, and light snow. In the northern part of the slope of Turtle Lake there is an open-air ethnographic museum, which is a miniature model of Georgia.
The cable car that connected Lake Turtle to the city center was built in the second half of the 20th century and operated until 2009. In 2016, an updated ropeway was opened. Two gondolas were launched on the new ropeway on Turtle Lake. It is possible to get to Turtle Lake from Ilia Chavchavadze Avenue in 6 minutes. Each gondola can accommodate 10-12 people, including one permanent dispenser. Gondolas and stations are adapted for people with disabilities.
It is noteworthy that in 2016, Gambusia fish were released into Turtle Lake to eat mosquitoes that spread the Zika virus. Within the framework of the memorandum signed between the Ministry and the Georgian Fishermen's Club, the members of the club transported Gambusia fish from western Georgia, in particular from Abasha, and dropped them into Turtle Lake.
# Luther Kountze

Luther Kountze (October 29, 1841 – April 17, 1918) was an American banker, responsible for helping the city of Denver, Colorado in a time of need and leaving a philanthropic legacy in Morristown, New Jersey. He founded a late-19th century national banking dynasty along with his brothers Charles, Herman and Augustus.
From 1858 to 1862, Luther worked at the Kountze Brothers Bank in Omaha, Nebraska, which was operated by his brothers Augustus and Herman. Late in 1862, he went to Denver, Colorado, where he opened a bank under the name of Kountze Brothers and listed his brothers as senior members. In 1866, they organized the Colorado National Bank of Denver.
After a great fire engulfed much of the city in 1867, Kountze was credited with saving the city of Denver, Colorado from financial disaster, and ultimately, oblivion. Late that year and into the next, Kountze worked with several other investors to form the company that would eventually become the Denver Pacific Railroad and Telegraph Co.
Luther left Colorado for New York in 1867. In 1868, he established the Kountze Brothers Bank at 52 Wall Street in Manhattan. His brother Augustus later joined him there, where they traded securities and bonds. In 1908, U.S. Senator Robert M. La Follette included him in the "100 men who controlled banking." He was then vice-president and a director of the United States Mortgage and Trust Company.
In 1881, Luther moved to Morristown, New Jersey and built an English-style estate designed by George E. Harney. He died in 1918, leaving an estate valued at $4,973,950.
Kountze was one of the founders of the Metropolitan Opera House Company. He contributed a large part of the land that now forms the National Jockey Hollow Park in Morristown, NJ.
# Viridian design movement

The Viridian Design Movement was an aesthetic movement focused on concepts from bright green environmentalism. The name was chosen to refer to a shade of green that does not quite look natural, indicating that the movement was about innovative design and technology, in contrast with the "leaf green" of traditional environmentalism. The movement tied together environmental design, techno-progressivism, and global citizenship. It was founded in 1998 by Bruce Sterling, a postcyberpunk science fiction author. Sterling always remained the central figure in the movement, with Alex Steffen perhaps the next best-known. Steffen, Jamais Cascio, and Jon Lebkowsky, along with some other frequent contributors to Sterling's Viridian notes, formed the Worldchanging blog. Sterling wrote the introduction to Worldchanging's book (Worldchanging: A Users Guide for the 21st Century), which (according to Ross Robertson) is considered the definitive volume on bright green thinking. Sterling formally closed the Viridian movement in 2008, saying there was no need to continue its work now that bright green environmentalism had emerged.
# Nghiên Loan

Nghiên Loan is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.
22°31′10″N 105°42′59″E﻿ / ﻿22.51944°N 105.71639°E﻿ / 22.51944; 105.71639
* This article about a location in Bắc Kạn province, Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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