# 1873 in Canada

Events from the year 1873 in Canada.

## Incumbents
### Crown

* Monarch – Victoria

### Federal government

* Governor General – Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood
* Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald (until November 5) then Alexander Mackenzie (from November 7)
* Parliament – 2nd (from 5 March)

### Provincial governments
#### Lieutenant governors

* Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Joseph Trutch
* Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Alexander Morris
* Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Lemuel Allan Wilmot (until November 15) then Samuel Leonard Tilley
* Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Charles Hastings Doyle (until May 1) then Joseph Howe (May 1 to July 4) then Adams George Archibald
* Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – William Pearce Howland (until November 11) then John Willoughby Crawford
* Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – William Cleaver Francis Robinson
* Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau (until February 11) then René-Édouard Caron

#### Premiers

* Premier of British Columbia – Amor De Cosmos
* Premier of Manitoba – Henry Joseph Clarke
* Premier of New Brunswick – George Edwin King
* Premier of Nova Scotia – William Annand
* Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
* Premier of Prince Edward Island – James Colledge Pope (until September 1) then Lemuel Cambridge Owen
* Premier of Quebec – Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau (until February 26) then Gédéon Ouimet

### Territorial governments
#### Lieutenant governors

* Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories – Alexander Morris

## Events
### January to June 1873

* February 26 – Gédéon Ouimet becomes Premier of Quebec, replacing Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau.
* April 1
** 1873 Prince Edward Island general election.
** James Pope becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island for the second time, replacing Robert Haythorne.
** The SS Atlantic is wrecked off Peggys Cove.
* April 2 – The Pacific Scandal breaks out.
* May 13 – Sixty are killed in a coal mine explosion in Nova Scotia.
* May 23 – North-West Mounted Police are founded to police the Northwest Territories, which then included the region today of Alberta and Saskatchewan.
* June 1 – The Cypress Hills Massacre occurs.

### July to December

* July 1 – Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
* August 25 – A cyclone hits Cape Breton Island, killing 500 and causing much damage.
* September 1 – L. C. Owen becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing James Pope.
* September 23 – The Canadian Labour Union is founded.
* November – 1873 Newfoundland general election.
* November 5 – Pacific Scandal: the House of Commons of Canada passes a vote of no confidence in Sir John A. Macdonald's government.
* November 7 – Pacific Scandal: Sir John A. resigns as Prime Minister of Canada, and Alexander Mackenzie is appointed in his place.
* November 8 – Winnipeg incorporated as a city.

## Sport

* October 4 – The Argonauts Football Club (Toronto Argonauts) are established

## Smallpox

In the opening speech to the 1872-1873 Epidemiological Society conference, Inspector-General Robert Lawson drew attention to the recent prevalence of haemorrhagic forms of smallpox in both the United States and Canada, among other countries. During the smallpox pandemic of 1870-1874, the disease had been carried to America by emigrants, where it had already infected thousands, and killed hundreds in eastern cities such as Boston and New York.

## Births
### January to June

* January 10 – George Orton, middle-distance runner and Olympic gold medallist, first Canadian to win an Olympic medal (d.1958)
* January 19 – Thomas Dufferin Pattullo, politician and 22nd Premier of British Columbia (d.1956)
* February 4 – Étienne Desmarteau, athlete and Olympic gold medallist (d.1905)
* April 9 – Walter Edward Foster, businessman, politician and 16th Premier of New Brunswick (d.1947)
* April 10 – George Black, politician (d.1965)
* May 12 – J. E. H. MacDonald, artist of the Group of Seven (d.1932)
* May 17 – Albert Edward Matthews, 16th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (d.1949)

### July to December

* August 27 – Maud Allan, actor, dancer and choreographer (d.1956)
* September 20 – Sidney Olcott, film producer, director, actor and screenwriter (d.1949)
* October 20 (or 29) – Nellie McClung, feminist, politician and social activist (d.1951)
* November 21 – Aimé Bénard, politician (d.1938)
* December 8 – John Duncan MacLean, teacher, physician, politician and Premier of British Columbia (d.1948)
* December 9 – George Blewett, academic and philosopher (d.1912)

### Full date unknown

* Margaret C. MacDonald, nurse (d.1948)

## Deaths

* May 15 – William James Anderson, physician, amateur geologist and historian (b.1812)
* May 20 – George-Étienne Cartier, politician and statesman (b.1814)
* May 28 – Thomas Brown Anderson, merchant, banker and politician (b.1796)
* June 1 – Joseph Howe, Premier of Nova Scotia (b.1804)
* June 28 – Charles Connell, politician (b.1810)
* November 21 – James William Johnston, lawyer, politician, and judge (b.1792)
* December 9 – William Steeves, politician (b.1814)

## Historical documents

Non-confidence moved in House of Commons over Government accepting election funding from group hoping to build CPR
Why the Governor General did not dismiss Prime Minister Macdonald over the Pacific Scandal
Metis leader Ambroise Lepine sentenced to death for the murder of Thomas Scott in 1870 at Red River
House of Commons speeches on issues with Indigenous people in the Northwest Territories
British Columbia Indian superintendent reports on the economic activity of Indigenous people