# Taipei Grand Mosque

The Taipei Grand Mosque (TGM; Chinese: 台北清真寺; pinyin: Táiběi Qīngzhēnsì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak Chheng-chin-sī) or Taipei Zheng He Mosque (Chinese: 台北鄭和清真寺; pinyin: Táiběi Zhèng Hé Qīngzhēnsì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak Tēⁿ Hô Chheng-chin-sī) is the largest and oldest mosque in Taiwan. Located in the Da'an District of Taipei City, it is Taiwan's most important Islamic structure.

## History
### First building

After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to China in 1945, the Chinese Muslim Association (CMA) in Nanking appointed Chang Zichun (常子春), Wang Jingzhai (王靜齋) and Zheng Houren (鄭厚仁) to form the preparatory committee of the CMA branch in Taiwan on 23 December 1947.
Later, since many Chinese Muslims that came to Taiwan could not find any place to pray, they raised money to build the very first mosque in Taiwan. They built the mosque at No. 2, Lane 17, Lishui Street (麗水街), Da'an District, Taipei City by converting a Japanese-style house into a 992 m$^2$ prayer area. The land was donated by Chang Tze-chun and Cheng Hou-ren. Muslims from Mainland China started to pray in that mosque in August 1948. With the growing number of Chinese Muslims with the KMT government, the mosque suddenly became too small to accommodate the growing number of worshipers, therefore they had to look for a new bigger place to rebuild the mosque.
No. 2, Lane 17, Lishui Street now houses an apartment building.

### Current building

In the latter part of the 1950s after the end of Chinese Civil War and the relocation of the Nationalist Government from Mainland China to Taiwan, Director-General of the CMA Bai Chongxi and ROC Minister of Foreign Affairs George Yeh proposed the construction of a bigger Islamic-style mosque which was designed by the famous architect Yang Cho-cheng. Under the leader Bai Chongxi, director-general Shi Zizhou (時子周) and the board chairman Chang Zixuan (常子萱), the mosque was constructed by the Continental Engineering Corporation on a 2,747 m$^2$ land donated by the government at the Xinsheng South Street (新生南路). ROC Vice President Chen Cheng led the inauguration ceremony of the mosque on 13 April 1960.
The cost of the construction was covered by the CMA with funding of $150,000 from the Shah of Iran and King of Jordan, $100,000 loaned by the Kuomintang government and loan from the Bank of Taiwan. The congregation had already repaid half of the bank loan by that time when the ROC government decided to exempt them from having to repay the remaining.
The mosque has strong ties to Saudi Arabia which continues to provide financial support to the mosque. Visiting Saudi Imams come to preach at the mosque during Ramadan. In 1971 the mosque was visited by King Faisal.
The mosque has been visited by other head of states, such as King Hussein of Jordan, Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman of Malaysia and many other prominent Muslim leaders.
In 1999, the mosque faced a risk of being demolished to due a land dispute with a cement company. It was reported that the cement company declared having the ownership of land where the mosque is located. They attempted to dismantle the mosque in order to take back the land. However, under the concerned legislators of the area and from the assistance of Taipei City Government under Taipei Mayor Ma Ying-jeou, the mosque was finally turned into a historic building on 29 June 1999 by the city government as it may preserve diverse cultural development. However, the board of directors of the mosque still had to struggle to solve the land dispute.
Speaking at the mosque in December 2001 during Eid al-Fitr, Mayor Ma thanked the Indonesian workers for their contribution to Taiwan and gave them festive greeting. The mayor was spotted wearing Jinnah cap while greeting the workers and spoke a bit of Indonesian. He cited that 20,000 of the 36,000 foreign workers in Taipei were Indonesians, which had contributed much to the construction and household assistance of Taipei City. He also said that if all of those workers took the same day off, one-quarter of the city would be paralyzed.
On 25 December 2015, vice presidential candidate Wang Ju-hsuan visited the mosque as part of her election campaign. In 2018, the mosque underwent renovation with an estimated cost of NT$31 million, in which NT$15.2 million of it will be borne by the Department of Cultural Affairs of Taipei City Government. The renovation is divided into two phases and it is expected to be completed by May 2023. On 29 September 2020, Chunghwa Post released stamps featuring Taipei Grand Mosque and Taichung Mosque with denomination of NT$15 and NT$28 respectively.

## Activities

Taipei Grand Mosque is a place for Muslims in Taiwan to perform their five daily prayers, including the Friday prayer on Friday afternoon, Eid prayers, Tarawih prayers in the evening during the fasting month, and funeral prayers for the deceased.
Taipei Grand Mosque houses the headquarter of CMA, the largest Islamic organization in Taiwan. Prior to moving to Taipei, the CMA was based in Nanking. They do Islamic-related activities throughout Taiwan and have good reputation among local Muslims. The mosque also has its own board of directors that are responsible for the affairs of the mosque. Besides CMA, the mosque also houses the Chinese Islamic Cultural and Educational Foundation.
The mosque has its own active volunteer organization called the Islamic Volunteer Corp., created in 1995. This organization organizes volunteers to perform Islamic services through the organization. Currently the organization has more than 70 volunteers. They have had several activities and helped the mosque to perform services for Muslims.
The mosque receives funding to run most of their Islamic activities and cover daily operating costs from private donations. Those related to local affairs, they sometimes seek subsidy from local government agencies. Some organizations such as the Muslim World League and World Assembly of Muslim Youth have helped the mosque as well in assisting with their Islamic activities.
Due to the absence of any formal Islamic education institution in Taiwan, the mosque holds some Islamic courses, such as Arabic language, Quran and Hadith teaching and Sharia. Many of them are being held during the weekends when Taiwanese Muslims have more free time to do such activities.
During the fasting month, Muslims in Taipei hold their fast break at the mosque. Foreign Muslim students and workers also join the event. Simple food such as dates and mineral water are generally served from donations collected during the whole holy month to break their fast, followed by a full dinner served by the mosque committees and volunteers.
The mosque opened its door to the public during its 41st anniversary in April 2001, where it held activities such as photography and exhibitions. The Vice-Imam of the mosque Ishag Ma (馬孝棋) said that the event is not only a cultural celebration, but also as an invitation to those Taiwanese who no longer practice their Muslim faith, such as those living in Lukang Township in Changhua County.
The mosque often host visits by students belonging to other faiths, to learn about Islam. The mosque also holds inter-religious workshops and debates between Islam and Confucianism, Catholicism and Buddhism to promote mutual understanding with other religions.
People First Party Muslim legislator Liu Wen-hsiung's body was sent to Taipei Grand Mosque, where a funeral prayer was performed before he was buried, after his death on 31 July 2017.

## Architecture and structure

Taipei Grand Mosque was built according to the Islamic religion and Arabic architecture. It was designed by architect Yang Cho-cheng, the same architect that designed the Taipei Grand Hotel, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, National Theater and Concert Hall and many other landmark buildings in Taiwan. The main structure was built using reinforced concrete. Muslims gather at the mosque on Fridays between 12:00-2:00 PM. Friday prayer is held between 12:00-1:15 PM. The Imam at the mosque is Omar Ayash (歐馬).
The mosque has an enormous greenish-bronze domed roof at a 15 meters height and 15 meters of diameter, and is supported entirely without beams. It is wrapped by brass sheets. As years gone by, oxidation with air has turned the dome from spangle to verdigris. The dome has two Byzantium style onion-shaped-spires. Crescent decorations sit at the tip of the spires and at the iron railings.
The mosque also has two minarets with a height of 20 meters each located at both ends of the building. The minarets are grey in color with a red-colored neck and an onion-shaped spire on top. The design uses a blend of Taiwanese and Central Asian materials.
It is the largest mosque in Taiwan with a total area of 2,747 square meters and an expansive prayer hall with a height and width of 15 meters. The hall was built according to Islamic traditions and there is Islamic geometric art on the windowpanes. It can accommodate up to 1,000 worshippers and is adorned with handmade Persian rugs and chandeliers, presented by kings of countries friendly to the ROC. Initially, the prayer hall was only located on the ground floor of the mosque. But due to the increasing number of Muslims attending prayers, a second floor was added above the main prayer hall floor to accommodate the female worshipers.
Surrounding the main prayer hall is the Roman-style colonnade and Byzantium architectural style. The mosque corridors are filled with corbel arches that extend to both ends. The width and height of the column of the arches is harmoniously proportional. The square pegs of the arches are smoothed with round edges. Outer walls of the mosque are made by bricks and cut stones, decorated with mosaic tiles.
Other facilities include a reception hall, prayer hall, side arcades, administrative offices, library, reposing room and ablution rooms.
There are two Arabian date palm trees located at the mosque front yard garden.

## Transportation

The mosque is accessible within walking distance south of Daan Park Station of Taipei Metro.