OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of Palmerston Forts around Chatham, Kent

The Palmerston Forts around Chatham, Kent include:
* Fort Amherst, technically a Napoleonic era fort but later extended.
* Fort Borstal, in the village that gave its name to the youth offender's institution The Borstal.
* Fort Bridgewood
* Cliffe Fort
* Fort Darland
* Fort Darnet
* Fort Pitt, a Napoleonic era fort, but used as the Army Medical School from 1860 to 1863.
* Garrison Point Fort
* Grain Battery
* Grain Fort
* Grain Tower
* Grange Redoubt
* Fort Hoo
* Fort Horsted
* Fort Luton
* New Tavern Fort
* Shornemead Fort
* Slough Fort
* Twydall Redoubts, that includes Grange and Woodlands.
* Woodlands Redoubt
# Limonium bellidifolium

Limonium bellidifolium, commonly known as the matted sea-lavender, is an aggregate species in the family Plumbaginaceae.
Despite the common name, matted sea-lavender is not related to the lavenders, but is a perennial herb with flowers with five petals in clusters. It occurs in the upper saltmarshes of Europe and southwest Asia and grows up to 30 cm tall from a rhizome.
# Miriam L. Bomhard

Miriam Lucile Bomhard (July 24, 1898 – December 16, 1952) was a conservationist and botanist from the United States of America. She was the first woman to receive a PhD from the University of Pittsburgh.

## Early life

Bomhard was born in Bellevue, Kentucky in 1898, the daughter of the Reverend W.A. Bomhard and Emma (Koch) Bomhard. The family moved to Pittsburgh in 1907. In 1917, she graduated as valedictorian of her high school.

## Studies and career

Bomhard attended the University of Pittsburgh on an honour scholarship. She graduated in 1921. She began work at the University of Pittsburgh as a graduate assistant and then as an instructor in the botany department. She conducted research work alongside this, including work at the Carnegie Museum Herbarium. She received a Ph.D in 1926, the first women to receive that degree from the University of Pittsburgh. Her doctoral thesis was on the subject of illustrations and keys in the identification of seeds in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
In 1926, she began work at Newcomb College, which was then the women's department of Tulane University in New Orleans, teaching zoology and botany. She worked there until 1932. She then embarked on a trip to the British colony Malaya.
In 1933, on her return to the United States, she began work as a junior pathologist, and then as a botanist at the Bureau of Plant Industry in Washington, D.C., later named the United States Forest Service, where she worked until her death.

## Death

Bomhard died in Glenshaw, Pennsylvania in 1952, aged 54.

## Membership of societies

She was a member of many organisations, including:
* American Association for the Advancement of Science
* American Society of Plant Taxonomists
* Botanical Society of Washington
* Ecological Society of America
* International Association for Plant Taxonomy
* New Orleans Society of Plant Sciences
* Society of American Foresters
* Washington Academy of Sciences

## Publications

* The Wax Palms (1930)
* Range Plant Handbook (1937)
* Standardized Plant Names (1942). Contributor,
* Palm trees in the United States (1950). Contributor.
* Sourcebook of forage plants on longleaf pine - bluestem ranges of Louisiana (1952). Co-author.
# Thelymitra occidentalis

Thelymitra occidentalis, commonly called the western azure sun orchid or rimmed orchid, is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Australia. It has a single erect, fleshy, channelled, dark green leaf and up to fifteen blue flowers with darker blue veins and sometimes flushed with pink. The lobe on top of the anther has a wavy, yellow crest.

## Description

Thelymitra occidentalis is a tuberous, perennial herb with a single erect, fleshy, channelled, dark green, linear to lance-shaped leaf 80–250 mm (3–10 in) long and 3–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) wide with a purplish base. Between two and fifteen blue flowers with darker blue lines and often flushed with pink, 15–32 mm (0.6–1 in) wide are borne on a flowering stem 120–400 mm (5–20 in) tall. The sepals and petals are 7–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. The column is whitish or pale blue, 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide with flanges on the sides. The lobe on the top of the anther is purplish black with a wavy yellow crest and the side lobes have mop-like tufts of purple or white hairs. The flowers are insect pollinated and open on hot days. Flowering occurs from September to November.

## Taxonomy and naming

Thelymitra occidentalis was first formally described in 2001 by Jeff Jeanes and the description was published in Muelleria from a specimen collected near Cranbrook. The specific epithet (occidentalis) is a Latin word meaning "western" referring to the distribution of this species compared to the similar T. azurea.

## Distribution and habitat

The western azure sun orchid grows in heath and woodland, often near rock outcrops and near winter-wet depressions. It is found between Cranbrook in Western Australia and Eyre in South Australia. It has also been recorded on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.

## Conservation

Thelymitra latiloba is classified as "not threatened" in Western Australia by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Valley Centre

Valley Centre is an unincorporated community in Marriott Rural Municipality 317, Saskatchewan, Canada. The community is located southeast of the Town of Biggar and northeast of the Town of Rosetown, along Highway 768.
# Treasure Venture

Treasure Venture (侠女闯天关) is a comedy TV series which was produced in mainland China and Taiwan in 2000. It starred Zhao Wei and Nicky Wu.

## Cast

* Zhao Wei starred as Lu Jianping and Du Huixin
* Nicky Wu starred as Shui Ruoyan
* Lin Jianhuan starred as Prince Zhu Yulong
* Ku Pao-ming starred as Wu Ma
* Lin Fangbing - Ye Yinniang
* Liu Zi - Bai Ruixue
* Liu Xun [zh] - Cao Youxiang
* Cao Jun - Xiao Long
* Hao Shaowen - Xiao Fu
* Niu Ben - Bai
* Li Baoan - Lu Dingwen

## International broadcast

| Country or Region | Network | Premiere | Title |
| China | Shanghai Television | 2000 | 侠女闯天关 |
| Hong Kong | Asia Television | 2000 | 俠女闖天關 |
| Taiwan | TTV | 2000 | 俠女闖天關 |
| South Korea | Gyeongin Broadscast Television iTV | 2000 | 협녀틈천관 |
| Indonesia | Indosiar | 2001 | Pendekar Chien Ping |
# Edward Noyes Westcott

Edward Noyes Westcott (September 27, 1846 – March 31, 1898) was an American banker and author, best known as the author of David Harum.

## Biography

Edward Noyes Westcott was born on September 27, 1846, in Syracuse, New York. His father was professor, dentist, dental college founder, and politician Amos Westcott who served as mayor of Syracuse. Edward's brother Frank Nash Westcott was a minister and author who wrote on Catholicism and two novels.
He was educated a local schools until he turned sixteen and began working in a bank. Westcott remained in that career for the rest of his life. He died on March 31, 1898, also in Syracuse.

## David Harum

Westcott began writing David Harum, a novel set in upstate New York, while on leave from his banking career because he was sick with chronic tuberculosis. The book was rejected several times, but in December 1897 reached Ripley Hitchcock, an editor at D. Appleton & Company. Hitchcock edited the book, which was eventually published in September 1898, and became an immediate best-seller. Westcott had died several months earlier.
# Stanley Dudka

Stanley Dudka (1923-2008) was a decorated Canadian hero of World War II, and a Fishery officer who played a role in international fisheries monitoring.

## World War II service

Dudka joined the North Nova Scotia Highlanders, a Nova Scotia regiment, at 16 years old. He landed on Juno Beach on June 6, 1944, during the Battle of Normandy. He was wounded, and captured by German forces on June 7. While in captivity he witnessed the murder of other Canadian soldiers by General Kurt Meyer of the Waffen SS. He later testified against Meyer.
Dudka made three escape attempts before he made his way back to the Allied zone, where he was able to rejoin his regiment.
Dudka was awarded the Military Medal for distinguished service at Buckingham Palace by King George VI.

## Civilian life

Dudka was a coal miner from 1946 through 1958, when he started a distinguished career as a fishery officer.
Dudka and his wife had 12 children.
Twenty-five of his descendants attended the commissioning of the CCGS S Dudka.

## The CCGS S Dudka

In March 2013 Fisheries and Oceans Canada launched a fishery patrol vessel named in Dudka's honour—the CCGS S Dudka.
# Edosa xystidophora

Edosa xystidophora is a species of moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in Australia in Queensland and New South Wales.
# Staines (surname)

Staines is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alberto Campbell-Staines (born 1993), Jamaican-born Australian athlete
* Alfred Staines (1838–1910), British cricketer
* Bill Staines (1947–2021), American folk singer
* Charles Staines, Welsh rugby-league footballer
* Charlie Staines (born 2000), Australian-born Samoan international rugby-league footballer
* David Staines (born 1946), Canadian literary critic
* Emery Staines (1874–1959), Australian rules footballer
* Frank Staines (1876–1937), Australian rules footballer
* Gary Staines (born 1963), British long-distance runner
* Gladys Staines (born 1951), Australian missionary
* Graham Staines (1941–1999), Australian missionary
* Hubert Staines (1893–1970), Canadian politician
* John Staines, New Zealand association footballer
* Laura Staines (born 1953), American rower
* María Arias Staines (born 1941), Mexican politician
* Mavis Staines (born 1954), Canadian ballet dancer
* Michael Staines (1885–1955), Irish politician
* Mike Staines (born 1949), British-born American rower
* Paul Staines (born 1967), British political blogger
* Richard of Staines (d.1277), medieval clerical judge
* Thomas Staines (1776–1830), Royal Navy officer
* William Staines (1731–1807), the Lord Mayor of London between 1800 and 1801

## Fictional characters

* Mr Staines, from the 1964 film Dr. Strangelove, portrayed by Jack Creley
* Dr. Christopher Staines, from the 1873 novel A Simpleton by Charles Reade
* Elsie Staines, from the British fantasy crime drama Ashes to Ashes, portrayed by Rita Davies
* Emery Staines, from the 2013 mystery novel The Luminaries by Eleanor Catton
* George Staines, birthname of transgender character Gaynor Mason, from the British fantasy crime drama Ashes to Ashes, portrayed by Sara Stewart
* John Staines MP, from the 1993 political thriller novel To Play the King by Michael Dobbs; portrayed by Anthony Smee in its television adaption
* Monty Staines, from the British sitcom Benidorm, portrayed by John Challis
* Nikki Staines, from the American legal drama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, portrayed by Callie Thorne
* Professor Staines, a minor character in 1933 short story Murder at Pentecost, written by Dorothy L. Sayers and featuring Montague Egg
* Richard Staines, from the 1913 short story Zero by Barry Pain; the story also involves Richard's eventual wife Jane and their son Dick
* Stanley and Mary-Jane Staines, from the Australian animated children's series Staines Down Drains; the show also included their mother, Betty Staines
# Stanisław Karubin

Stanisław Karubin (29 October 1915 – 12 August 1941) was a Polish fighter ace of the Polish Air Force in World War II with 7 confirmed kills.

## Biography

Karubin after graduating from Non-Commissioned Officer's School for minors was assigned to the 111th Fighter Escadrille. On 3 September 1939 he shot down his first plane, a Bf 110. On 23 January 1940 he arrived in France via Romania and Greece. He served in the Krasnodębski section of the Groupe de Chasse et de Défense I/55, on 3 June he downed a Do 17 or a Do 215. After the capitulation of France he came to the UK. He took part in the Battle of Britain in the No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron and destroyed 5 German aircraft. On 6 September 1940 he was hit and jumped with a parachute. On 18 September he received the Virtuti Militari. He was sent to No. 55 Operational Training Unit RAF. On 12 August 1941, flying in the clouds, Karubin struck a mountainside, at the same way also died another Polish pilot, Zygmunt Höhne.

## Aerial victory credits

* Bf 110 - 3 September 1939
* Do 17 or Do-215 - 3 June 1940
* Bf 109 - 31 August 1940
* 2 Bf 109 - 5 September 1940
* He 111 - 6 September 1940
* Bf 109 - 5 October 1940

## Awards

Virtuti Militari, Silver Cross
Cross of Valour (Poland), three times Distinguished Flying Medal
# St John Passion (disambiguation)

St John Passion or, in Latin, Passio Domini Nostri Iesu Christi secundum Ioannem (The Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ according to John), refers to the Passion of Christ as told in chapters 18 and 19 of the Gospel of John.
It also may refer to compositions based on that text:
* Passio Secundum Johannem by Johann Walter (c. 1530), published in Neu Leipziger Gesangbuch, p. 227ff
* Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi secundum Johannem (1557) by Cipriano de Rore
* Passio Secundum Johannem (1580) by Orlande de Lassus
* Historia der Passion und des Leidens unseres einigen Erlösers und Seligmachers Jesu Christi (1593) by Leonhard Lechner
* Passio Secundum Johannem by Teodoro Clinio (1595)
* St. John Passion (1605) by William Byrd
* Johannes Passion (1643) by Thomas Selle
* Johannes-Passion (1666) by Heinrich Schütz
* Passio Secundum Johannem by Alessandro Scarlatti
* St John Passion (1724) by Johann Sebastian Bach
* Johannes Passion, 11 settings among Georg Philipp Telemann's Passions (1725–1765)
* Johannes-Passion, attributed to Georg Friedrich Händel
* Johannes-Passion by Georg Gebel 1748
* Johannes Passion, several settings among Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach's Passions (1772–1788)
* Passio (Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi secundum Joannem, 1982) by Arvo Pärt
* Johannes-Passion (2000) by Sofia Gubaidulina
* St John Passion (2008) by James MacMillan
# Edward Tronick

Edward Tronick is an American developmental psychologist best known for his studies of infants, carried out in 1970s, showing that when the connection between an infant and caregiver is broken, the infant tries to engage the caregiver, and then, if there is no response, the infant pulls back – first physically and then emotionally. He is a Director of Child Development Unit and Distinguished Professor at the University of Massachusetts Boston. He is a research associate in Newborn Medicine, a lecturer at Harvard Medical School, an associate professor at both the Graduate School of Education and the School of Public Health at Harvard. He is a member of the Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, a past member of the Boston 'Process of Change' Group and a Founder and faculty member of the Touchpoints program. His research is funded by NICHD and NSF. Dr. Tronick along with Dr. Kristie Brandt founded the Infant-Parent Mental Health Postgraduate Certificate program Archived June 21, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. Fellows spent 12 interactive, intensive 3-day weekends meeting every other month at the University of Massachusetts' Boston Campus, to learn first hand from world luminaries and program faculty as well as each other. The program prepares professionals from multi-disciplinary backgrounds for certification in infant –family and early childhood mental health specialists.

## Education

Tronick received a Bachelor of Science in 1964 and a Master of Science in comparative psychology and perception in 1965 from Cornell University. He received a Doctor of Philosophy in developmental psychology and neurophysiology from the University of Wisconsin in 1968.

## Research

Examining newborns and infants up to two months old, together with T. Berry Brazelton, when the latter was working on his Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), Tronick made several experiments, the most notable among which was "The Still Face Experiment". Recent studies have found that four-month-old infants, when re-exposed to the Still Face two weeks after the first time, show rapid physiological changes that were not present when they were exposed to it the first time.

## In media

He has appeared on national radio and television programs.

## Selected publications

He has published more than 200 scientific articles and 4 books.
* 2007 'The Neurobehavioral and Social-emotional Development of Infants and Children', W. W. Norton & Company, 571 pp, ISBN 9780393705171
# Stadthalle Graz

Stadthalle Graz (also known as Graz Messe Arena) is a multi-functional event hall located in Jakomini, a district of Graz, in Austria. Opened in October 2002, the hall is connected to and part of the municipal's fair building complex, Messe Congress Graz. The facility, the largest in Graz, is used to organize various events, including congresses, TV shows, concerts and sport.

## Construction

A characteristic element of the facility is the vaulted roof on four pillars, which extends beyond the outline of the arena from the side of the main entrance, also covering the space in front of the entrance and the tram stop located there.
The hall, which can be expanded to a maximum of 20,000 m$^2$ for exhibitions and trade fairs, consists of an upper and a ground floor plus an additional 3,000 m$^2$ foyer space. Depending on the configuration of the 6,500 m$^2$ pillar-free event space, it can accommodate a variable number of guests; the maximum number is 14,520 people (standing only), but in the case of organizing sports competitions, with seating mostly in the grandstands, the capacity is reduced to 5,561 spectators or up to 11,403 when using a standing/seated variant for other events. A terrace and a modern café on the upper floor are available for standing and VIP receptions as well as private events.
The cost of construction amounted to €38.3 million, of which 60% of the amount was covered from the budget of Styria, and 40% from the city of Graz. The main architect of the hall was Klaus Kada [de]. It was built between April 2000 and the beginning of 2002. New lighting systems and flexible grandstands were installed in 2019.
Immediately adjacent to the venue is the subsequently built exhibition hall by the architects Florian Riegler and Roger Riewe which opened in 2008 and now forms part of the complex.

## Events

The Stadthalle was used to host the 2008 World Choir Games, which included hosting the opening and closing ceremonies and awards ceremonies, as well as providing catering and various administrative services during the event.
In 2009, it hosted international robotics competition RoboCup. It was already a place for numerous productions for example Wetten, dass..?and Musikantenstadl. On 16 November 2007 and 20 November 2009, TV show and music event The Dome took place in the hall.
Among the sports events that took place in the hall, the most important was the organization of some group matches of the European Men's Handball Championships in 2010 and 2020.
# Stadtgymnasium Detmold

Stadtgymnasium Detmold is a Gymnasium (grammar school) in Detmold in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Founded in 1830, Stadtgymnasium Detmold is the second oldest Gymnasium in Detmold.

## History

In March 1830, General Superintendent Ferdinand Weerth proposed his sovereign Prince Leopold II a plan to lay foundations of a "daughter school" in Detmold. Prince Leopold II approved the plan on March 10, 1830. In the following decades, the "daughter school" transformed into the present city's grammar school.
The school moved three times: it was located at Hornschen Tor (Leopoldsstraße) from 1830 to 1831, at Exterstraße from 1840 to 1871, and at Am Wall from 1871 to 1966, where it was rebuilt in 1911. It has been located at the Detmold Stadtgymnasium at Hiddeser Berg since 1966, in a building designed by the Osnabrück architect Friederich Helbrecht. Located next to the school building, it has an external specialist wing for biology, chemistry, physics, and art, which can be reached via a red closed bridge. There was once an emergency hospital under the building until the end of the 1990s. The rooms of the former emergency hospital have been used by the city archives since 2015. The original building, consisting of the main building, the specialist wing, and the gymnasium, was first supplemented by another gymnasium and then by a classroom building.

### School names

* 1871-1893 Höhere Töchterschule
* 1893-1912 Städtische Höhere Mädchenschule, municipal
* 1912-1928 Städtisches Lyzeum
* 1928-1938 Städtische Oberlyzeum
* 1938-1950 Städtische Oberschule für Mädchen
* 1950-1960 Städtisches neusprachliches Mädchengymnasium mit Frauenoberschule (Municipal girls' grammar school with women's high school)
* 1960-1966 Städtisches Mädchengymnasium Detmold mit neusprachlichem und sozialwissenschaftlichem Zweig und Frauenoberschule (Municipal girls' high school in Detmold with new language and social science branch and women's secondary school)
* 1966–present Stadtgymnasium Detmold

## Today

Stadtgymnasium Detmold attaches great importance to education in modern languages, music, art, natural sciences, mathematics and social sciences. In December 2016, Stadtgymnasium was recognized as a European School by the Ministry of Education of North Rhine-Westphalia.
# Stanley Norman (skipjack)

The Stanley Norman is a Chesapeake Bay skipjack, built in 1902 by Otis Lloyd, Salisbury, Maryland. She is 48 feet 3 inches (14.71 m) in length overall with length on deck (LOD) OF 47.5 feet (14.5 m) two-sail bateau, or "V"-bottomed deadrise type of centerboard sloop. She has a beam of 16 feet (4.9 m), a depth of 4 feet (1.2 m) at the stern with the centerboard up, and a registered tonnage of 7 tons.
Stanley Norman is one of the 35 surviving traditional Chesapeake Bay skipjacks and was a member of the last commercial sailing fleet in the United States. The vessel was extensively rebuilt, renovated and the process documented from 1976 to 1980. In 1990 the vessel was sold to the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and is based in Annapolis, Maryland, used as a teaching vessel. On December 9, 2003, a fire in the cabin caused some damage, though there was no major damage.
The vessel was based in Annapolis at either Annapolis City Dock near the Annapolis Summer Garden Theatre (as pictured) or the Annapolis Maritime Museum and also operated from the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum in St. Michaels, Talbot County, Maryland. The teaching program aboard covered history and present issues of the Chesapeake, including the life of the Bay's watermen, and allowed participants to dredge for oysters and conduct water quality tests. The Stanley Norman was retired from the Chesapeake Bay Foundation's fleet in the summer of 2020. On May 9, 2022, the Stanley Norman was purchased by RDC Inn at Perry Cabin LLC and now resides at Inn at Perry Cabin resort along the Miles River in St. Michaels, Maryland.
She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. She is assigned Maryland dredge number 60, and was previously dredge 20.

## Footnotes

* ↑ City Dock is in the center of historic Annapolis. The Annapolis Maritime Museum is located in the Eastport area of Annapolis at 723 Second Street where the museum's own historic skipjack, Wilma Lee is based.