# William Nevins Armstrong

William Nevins Armstrong (March 10, 1835 – October 16, 1905), aka Nevins Armstrong and aka W. N. Armstrong, was the Attorney General of Hawaii during the reign of King David Kalākaua. He is most widely known outside of Hawaii for the book Around the World with a King, his insider account of Kalākaua's 1881 world tour.

## Early life

He was born in Lahaina on the island of Maui, the third of ten children of missionaries Clarissa Chapman Armstrong and Richard Armstrong, who later served as the second kahu (pastor) of Kawaiahaʻo Church, and subsequently was appointed President of the Board of Education for the Kingdom of Hawaii. William was given the name of his older brother who died in infancy. His grandfather Samuel Chapman was one of the founders of Russell, Massachusetts. Samuel C. Armstrong, his younger brother, was founder of Hampton University.
Young William was enrolled at Punahou School in Honolulu in 1842. By the age of 12, he was already looking ahead to fund his college education and was working part-time as a bookbinder. In 1849, he and schoolmate Charles Hastings Judd, as children of ministers of the cabinet of Kamehameha III, attended the Royal School. They formed a lifelong friendship with a younger schoolmate, future King of Hawaii David Kalākaua. When he was 15 years old, his mother accompanied him to the mainland United States, where he was enrolled in the university preparatory Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts.
A graduate of Yale University, he studied law under the tutelage of his uncle, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Chief Justice Reuben Atwater Chapman. He was admitted to the Bar in 1859 and practiced at Wheeler & Armstrong.

## King Kalākaua's world tour

When King Kalākaua visited New York City on his way to Washington, D.C., to negotiate the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875, Armstrong was his liaison with the city.
For the rest of his life, Armstrong lived in Hawaii for extended periods, but also spent extended periods with his family in Virginia. By 1880, he was again living in Hawaii. From November 29, 1880, to May 19, 1882, Armstrong was a member of the House of Nobles in the legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
King Kalākaua appointed him Attorney General of the Kingdom of Hawaii in December 1880. Shortly thereafter, he was invited to participate in Kalākaua's 1881 world tour, an endeavor to encourage plantation labor immigration to Hawaii. Before sailing, Kalākaua appointed him Royal Commissioner of Immigration to authorize him to negotiate with foreign governments. It was his responsibility to compile a feasibility study of each country they visited, reporting back on which nations were likely to provide "a desirable population" for the Hawaiian labor force. Together with Chamberlain Colonel Charles Hastings Judd, and cook Robert von Oelhoffen, they circumnavigated the world from February 22 to October 29, visiting Asia, the Mideast and Europe. At the end, they took a railroad train trip from the east coast of the United States to California, and sailed back to Hawaii.
In Japan, both Armstrong and Judd had been awarded the Order of the Rising Sun during a ceremony in which Kalākaua was presented with the Order of the Chrysanthemum.

## Post world tour life

Upon their return, he resumed the position of Attorney General and held it until May 1882. Concurrently in that year, Armstrong held the positions of president of the Board of Immigration, president of the Board of Health, and Commissioner of Crown Lands. He was Chairman of the Labor Commission in 1894-1885.
In 1885 he returned to tend to the family oyster farming business in Virginia, helping organize the Oyster Convention in Hampton to convince the state legislature to allow privatization of oyster beds. He later served as a commissioner of the Massachusetts Supreme Court.
From 1897 through 1899, he was editor of the Honolulu daily newspaper The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. After returning to the mainland, he continued his reporting for the newspaper.
The detailed journal he had kept of the world trip with Kalākaua was published as Around the World with a King in 1904, the year before Armstrong died. This publication has been criticized for errors, inconsistencies and Armstrong's satirical writing style.

## Personal life

He wed Mary Frances Morgan on April 10, 1867. She predeceased him in 1903. The couple maintained a home in Virginia, and were the parents of a daughter Dorothy, and three sons, Matthew, Richard and Kalani.
Armstrong had been suffering from liver disease for a few years, and succumbed to catarrh at Garfield Hospital in Washington D. C. on October 15, 1905. He was cremated, and his ashes were returned to Hawaii and buried along with his parents at Kawaiahaʻo Church cemetery.

## Citations

* ↑ Armstrong 1887, p. 17
* ↑ "Russell — Early Settlement". Hampton County History. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
* ↑ "William N. Armstrong". Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Hawaiian Gazette. October 17, 1905. p. 4. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ Punahou School 1866, p. 5
* ↑ "Finds by the Archivarian". Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Hawaiian Gazette. November 10, 1905. p. 6. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ Armstrong 1904, p. 9
* ↑ Armstrong 1887, p. 46
* ↑ Mowry, William Augustus (1908). Recollections of a New England Educator, 1838-1908: reminiscences - biographical, pedagogical, historical. Silver, Burdett and Company. p. 66. william armstrong phillips academy.
* 1 2 Yale University 1905, pp. 567–568
* 1 2 "Guide to the William Nevins Armstrong Papers MS 39". Yale University Library. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
* ↑ "Our Royal Guest: King Kalakaua to be Entertained by the Mayor and Common Council". New York, NY: The New York Herald. December 23, 1874. p. 5. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, p. 286
* ↑ "City Directory: The Cabinet". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. December 4, 1880. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ Armstrong 1904, p. 1-1
* ↑ "Island Locals". Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Hawaiian Gazette. January 19, 1881. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.; "Proclamation". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. February 5, 1881. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ "King Kalakaua's Tour: A Talk With His Attorney General". Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Hawaiian Gazette. October 12, 1881. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ "David Kalakaua". The Samurai Archives. SamaraiWiki.
* ↑ "City Directory: The Cabinet". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. December 4, 1880. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.; Kuykendall 1967, pp. 252, 254; "Inspectors of Election". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. December 24, 1881. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ Forbes 2003, pp. 36–37
* ↑ Forbes 2003, pp. 35–36
* ↑ Forbes 2003, pp. 36–37; "The Labor Commission". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. November 2, 1894. p. 7. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ "The Succulent Oyster". Richmond, VA. The Richmond Dispatch. December 18, 1885. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ "Local Brevities". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. August 3, 1897. p. 7. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ "The Debate on Hawaii, Described as Heard by W. N. Armstrong". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. April 25, 1900. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ "Out Today – Around the World with a King". The Sun. New York, NY. March 19, 1904. p. 9. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.; "Kalākaua I. The Story of His Trip Around the World in 1881". New York, NY: The New York Tribune. May 28, 1904. p. 5. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ "Local and General News". The Independent. Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. February 10, 1903. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ "W. N. Armstrong Dies at Seventy". Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii: The Evening Bulletin. October 16, 1905. pp. 1, 8. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.; "Death of a Kamaaina". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. October 17, 1905. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
* ↑ "Armstrong's Ashes Arrived". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. December 23, 1905. p. 6. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.; "Mr. Armstrong Had Disease of the Liver". Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands: The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. October 26, 1905. p. 1. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.