OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Halgaitosaurus

Halgaitosaurus is an extinct genus of araeoscelidian reptile from the late Pennsylvanian of Utah. It contains a single species, Halgaitosaurus gregarius, which is known from the "Virgilian" (Gzhelian)-age Halgaito Formation in Bears Ears National Monument. The fossils of Halgaitosaurus include a number of partial skeletons and isolated bones discovered in blocks of siltstone collected from the Birthday Quarry, a multi-taxon bonebed in Valley of the Gods. Halgaitosaurus makes up about 55% of the fossil material in the 20 blocks recovered from the site. Its fossils show a wide range of body sizes, and their preservation in close company may indicate that it was a gregarious animal, hence the species name.
Halgaitosaurus shows many features in common with araeoscelidians. The cervical (neck) vertebrae are elongated, and all vertebrae in front of the hip have a midline keel on the underside. Moreover, the front edge of the scapula slants backwards, the limbs are long and roughly equal in length, and the femur is much thicker than the humerus. The coracoid has a prominent thumb-like attachment point for the triceps muscle, a trait shared by Araeoscelis. There were eight cervical vertebrae, less than Araeoscelis (9) but more than Petrolacosaurus (6). The maxilla has about 25 teeth, more than Araeoscelis (19) but less than Petrolacosaurus (35). The fourth and fifth teeth in the maxilla are caniform (enlarged and fang-like), while teeth 10-18 are also slightly larger than adjacent parts of the tooth row.
The frontals are similar to Araeoscelis, meeting together as a V-shaped projection wedging between the nasals. Unlike Araeoscelis, Halgaitosaurus may have had two temporal fenestrae. Excavations on the edges of the postorbital and parietal strongly suggest the presence of an upper temporal fenestra, visible from above. Likewise, the postorbital is proportionally similar to Petrolaceosaurus and the jugal has a right-angled rear edge, both of which may indicate that it had a lower temporal fenestra on the side of the skull. The jugal barely meets the lower edge of the skull, in contrast to other araeoscelidians.
# Olpidium

Olpidium is a fungal genus in the family Olpidiaceae. Members of Olpidium are zoosporic pathogens of plants, animals, fungi, and oomycetes.

## Morphology

Olpidium species exist as spherical zoosporangia inside the cells of their host. Zoospores emerge from a single discharge tube and have a single, posterior whiplash flagellum. Resting spores can be smooth or ornamented.

## Ecology

Olpidium species infect a wide variety of plants, animals, protists, and fungi and are fairly common in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Most of what is known about the genus comes from those species that infect higher plants, especially crops.
In higher plants, infection with Olpidium often causes little to no symptoms. An exception is Olpidium viciae, which causes broadbean blister. However, Olpidium species can vector plant viruses. For example, Olpidium brassicae transmits big-vein virus and big-vein associated varicosavirus among lettuce plants, and transmits tobacco mosaic virus among tobacco plants. Olpidium bornovanus or Olpidium cucurbitacearum serves as a vectors for a number of curcubit viruses.

## Taxonomy

The genus Olpidium was placed in the Olpidiaceae in the Chytridiales. Later some species, notably O. brassicae, were moved to the genus Pleotrachelus, but these were later moved back into the genus. Based on zoospore ultrastructure, Donald J. S. Barr moved the genus into Spizellomycetales In studies using molecular phylogenetics, O. brassicae, O. virulentus, and O. bornovanus were found to cluster with members of the former Zygomycota not with members of Chytridiomycota. One researcher, has elevated Olpidium to the level of phylum (Olpidiomycota) and split the genus into several genera. While nomenclaturaly valid and accepted by some researchers, others view these changes as controversial and unsupported.
# 112dB

112 dB is a music software company whose products are mainly aimed at electronic musicians.

## History

112 dB was founded in 2005 by Claude Climer (who left the company in 2008) and Jules Vleugels. Their first product was Morgana, an emulation of the Ensoniq Mirage hardware sampler. In 2009, Martijn Zwartjes (Apple, Native Instruments) and Leo Degen (Apple, Dolby Labs, Native Instruments) joined the company. Their base of operations is in Utrecht.
Vleugels died on January 23, 2011.

### Product history

* 2007
** Morgana, an emulation of the Ensoniq Mirage hardware sampler (awarded Innovation Award by Computer Music magazine).
** SampLink, a routing utility that allows audio to be recorded into Morgana.
* 2009
** Redline Monitor, a near-field monitor simulation for mixing and mastering on headphones.
** Redline Reverb, an algorithmic true-stereo reverb.
** Redline Equalizer, a variable-phase equalizer with adjustable harmonic distortion and a number of EQ boost/cut curves.
* 2010
** Redline Preamp, a harmonic distortion plugin emulating an analogue preamp.
# Martina Rosenberger

Martina Rosenberger is a researcher living near Munich, Germany. She is a specialist in the waldzither, a German form of the cittern, and has been instrumental in the recent revival of this instrument. She has published on the instrument and organizes regular conferences which attract specialists from all over Europe.

## Biography

She began learning the basics of the waldzither from her father in 1983 who, after he died the following year, left her his waldzither. In 2000 she embarked on a long-running research project on the waldzither, including information about music, teaching materials, teachers, and makers. In 2001 she was invited to the international cittern conference held in Michaelstein.
In 2002 she began looking for contemporaries of her father (who began learning the waldzither in the 1930s), conducting interviews about playing techniques and history. She published her first book, Das Waldzither Puzzle Teil I: Die dreissiger Jahre im Ruhrgebiet und Westfalen, in 2003. This book documents the origins and historical circumstances of the German Waldzither in the 1930s in Middle-West-Germany. She interviewed her father's contemporaries about their personal relationship to the waldzither, which was the musical basis for an entire generation. That year she also began to plan and to organize the first German Waldzither Conference, in cooperation with the Arms Museum in Suhl, Thuringia, Germany. She eventually organized three such conferences, attracting cittern specialists and amateurs from all over Europe.
She made her debut as a songwriter in 2004, the year in which she also began doing research into the C. H. Böhm company of Hamburg. She accepted a personal invitation from Portuguese guitar virtuoso Pedro Caldeira Cabral to attend a cittern meeting in Dresden in 2005, when she also began the planning and organization for the 2nd German Waldzither conference. She published her second book, on the Waldzither in Hamburg. The conclusion reveals a new connection between Portuguese instruments, founded with the special historical background of the city of Hamburg by the clever merchant and luthier C. H. Böhm. She presented further information on this connection at the Encontros Internationais de Guitarra Portuguesa, the International Cittern Conference, at the University of Coimbra, in 2007. The 3rd German Waldzither conference was held the same year, including lessons by the cittern specialist Gregory Doc Rossi. In 2009 the tradition of the conferences in Suhl was continued by Kerstin Mucha, a teacher from the local music school, who meanwhile specializes in teaching the Waldzither. Rosenberger was invited as a special guest, honoured for her commitment to the instrument's revival .

## Publications

* Das Waldzither Puzzle Teil I: Die dreissiger Jahre im Ruhrgebiet und Westfalen. Self-published, 2003.
* Das Waldzither Puzzle Teil II: Die Waldzither in Hamburg. Self-published, 2005.
# Pawn Shop from Heaven

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Dallas Observer | (?) |
| Dallas Observer | (?) |
Pawn Shop from Heaven is a full-length album by Junky Southern released in 1996.

## Track listing

* "All Things Manifest"
* "True Love"
* "Pawn Shop From Heaven"
* "Untitled"
* "Whisper Religion"
* "Hurts So Bad"
* "Paradise Lost"
* "Girl of Our Pictures"
* "Cry Like a Baby"
* "Portable Idiot Man"
* "Mr. Angry Song"
* "Siegessaule "
# Pearl Kapur

Pearl Kapur (born January 4, 1997) is an Indian billionaire businessman known for founding Zyber 365 Group, a multinational conglomerate based in London, UK. He also serves as its Chairman. The company focuses on Web3 technology, cybersecurity, and retail AI, and works with government operations in India and the Middle East.

## Early life and education

Kapur was born in Punjab, India, and pursued higher education at the Queen Mary University of London, where he earned an MSc in Investment Banking (CFA Pathway).

## Career

Kapur started his career as an investment banker and investor before joining Antier Solutions as a business advisor. In February 2022, he founded Billion Pay Technologies, an IT health tech and fintech company in India. As of 2022, Kapur resides in Monaco. In May 2023, Kapur, along with Sunny Vaghela and Rizwan Shaikh, founded Zyber 365 Group. The company is known for its Web3, Layer 1 Proof of Authority (PoA) sustainable chain and initiatives such as Retail Autonomous Checkout Cashless Stores and Web3 curriculum in universities. The company was reported as Asia's fastest unicorn when it secured $100 million at a $1.2 billion valuation from the UK-based Sram & Mram Group. Kapur holds a majority 90% stake in the company.

## Awards

2024: Awarded Youth Icon of the Year award by Rising Star, presented by the Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Brajesh Pathak.
# Master of the Houghton Miniatures

The Master of the Houghton Miniatures is the conventional name of an illuminator probably active in Ghent between 1476 and 1480. He owes his name to a book of hours that he illuminated, currently kept in the Houghton Library at Harvard University.

## Biographical notes

His works have for a long time been confused with those of the Viennese Master of Mary of Burgundy. It was the art historian Thomas Kren who proposed in 2003 to distinguish four miniatures in a book of hours kept at the Houghton Library. The few miniatures attributed to him appear in collaborations with Simon Marmion but there is little connection with the illumination common in Hainaut at that time. He seems to have been quite active in Ghent around 1480 and his style is reminiscent of Hugo van der Goes' art. This similarity has led people to say that the Master of the Houghton Miniatures was probably one of his close collaborators or assistants, or even Goes himself. The latter having died in 1482, there is no chronological objection to this.

## Style

The artist's style is marked by very precise and detailed landscapes in his miniatures. The drawing of his characters is just as precise, paying attention to all the details of the face and hair, as shown in particular by a drawing undoubtedly by the same artist kept in Berlin. He also shows an attachment to the representation of animals stretching their torsos. His art is similar to that of the Viennese Master of Mary of Burgundy but is distinguished by rounder characters, with strong noses, deep-set eyes, and high cheekbones which recall those of Hugo van der Goes.

## Attributed works

* The Emerson-White Hours, 4 miniatures by the master in collaboration with Simon Marmion, the Master of the Dresden Prayerbook, the Ghent Associates and other anonymous artists, before 1482, Houghton Library, MS Typ 443.
* The Huth Hours, 2 miniatures by the master, in collaboration with Simon Marmion, the Master of the Dresden Prayerbook, the Ghent Associates and other anonymous artists, early 1480s, British Library, Add MS 38126.
* Two isolated miniatures taken from a devotional book, c. 1480: David in Prayer, and The Vision of Saint Dominic.
* Fourteen heads, drawing on paper, Kupferstichkabinett Berlin, KDZ 12512.

## Citations

* ↑ Kren & McKendrick 2003, p. 168.
* ↑ Marrow, James H. (2016). "Book of Hours ("Emerson-White Hours"), Use of Rome: Exhibition Catalogue". In Hamburger, Jeffrey F.; Stoneman, William P.; Eze, Anne-Marie; Davis, Lisa Fagin; Netzer, Nancy (eds.). Beyond Words: Illuminated Manuscripts in Boston Collections. Chestnut Hill, MA: McMullen Museum of Art, Boston College. pp. 148–150. ISBN 9781892850263. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
* ↑ Kren & McKendrick 2003, pp. 168–169.
* ↑ "Book of Hours and Missal : manuscript, [between 1485 and 1490]". Hollis. Harvard Library. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
* ↑ Biggs, Sarah J. (1 January 2014). "A Calendar Page for January 2014". Medieval Manuscripts Blog. British Library. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
* ↑ Kren & McKendrick 2003, pp. 176–178.
* ↑ Kren & McKendrick 2003, p. 178.
# Ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside

ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside (ONPG) is a colorimetric and spectrophotometric substrate for detection of β-galactosidase activity. This compound is normally colorless. However, if β-galactosidase is present, it hydrolyzes the ONPG molecule into galactose and ortho-nitrophenol. The latter compound has a yellow color that can be used to check for enzyme activity by means of a colorimetric assay (at 420 nm wavelength). β-Galactosidase is required for lactose utilization, so the intensity of the color produced can be used as a measure of the enzymatic rate.
Though ONPG mimics lactose and is hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase, it is unable to act as an inducer for the lac operon. Without another lactose analog that can act as an inducer, such as isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), β-galactosidase will not be transcribed and ONPG will not be hydrolyzed.
# St. John's Lutheran Church (Port Hope, Michigan)

St. John's Lutheran Church is a historic Lutheran church in Huron County, Michigan. It is located at 4527 Second St. in Port Hope, Michigan. The Victorian Gothic style church was built in 1899. It was added to the National Register in 1987.

## History

The St. John's Lutheran Church congregation in Port Hope was established in 1868. In 1870, Rev. W. Schwartz, a traveling missionary, took charge of the congregation, and soon, with the arrival of more settlers, the congregation grew. In 1871, the congregation constructed a frame church on this site. By 1876, the congregation was large enough to warrant its own pastor. By 1899, the earlier structure proved inadequate, and the congregation constructed this one. A wing was added in 1981. The church still serves the original congregation.

## Description

St. John's Lutheran Church is long and narrow brick Gothic structure with a steeply pitched gable roof. The front facade is symmetrical, with a central projecting square-plan tower topped with a wooded belfry and spire. Along the sides are pointed-arch windows filled with stained glass, separated by stone-trimmed, brick buttresses. A rear, gable-roofed projection holds the chancel. On one side, attached via a short corridor, is a cross-gable-roof, one-story wing, added in 1981, with a style closely matching that of the original 1899 church.
Inside, the sanctuary contains stained wood pews flanking a central aisle. Above is a plaster ceiling, sloping on the sides and flat the center. In the rear is a gallery with the organ.
# Halfyard

Halfyard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Halfyard (1931–1996), Kent cricketer
* William Halfyard (1869–1944), Newfoundland politician
# Olpiseius noncollyerae

Olpiseius noncollyerae is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
# Vivienne Ming

Vivienne L’Ecuyer Ming (born October 19, 1971) is an American theoretical neuroscientist and artificial intelligence expert. She was named as one of the BBC 100 Women in 2017, and as one of the Financial Times' "LGBT leaders and allies today".

## Education and early career

Ming has spoken extensively on her academic struggle early in life, which eventually led her to leave university. After struggling with depression, suicide, and homelessness, she returned ten years later and received her Bachelor of Science degree with honors in cognitive neuroscience from the University of California at San Diego in 2000. She returned in 2016 to deliver the convocation at her alma mater. Ming earned her Master of Science degree in 2003 followed by a PhD in 2006 in Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University, in parallel with the computational neuroscience program at the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition.

## Career and research

After her PhD, Ming held a joint postdoctoral fellowship at Stanford University and University of California, Berkeley, where she later joined as a research scientist and visiting scholar. Ming has been involved with various organisations that challenge poor education and health policy. She co-founded the think tank Socos, which consults on artificial intelligence, neuroscience and education reform. She demonstrated that the metrics used in hiring have little influence in workplace success. She worked with Accenture on how they could train staff to be more creative.
Ming has published research on Artificial intelligence (AI) in education and created ”Muse”, a machine learning based tool for parents. It recommends research-based activities to support young people's creativity, motivation, and emotional intelligence. She has led research showing that psychological constructs such as metacognition, socio-emotional competence, creativity, and curiosity significantly affect long-term life-outcomes such as health, productivity, education attainment, and life satisfaction.

### Awards and honors

In May 2017 Ming delivered a TEDx Talk about how to make a better person. She has spoken about machine learning at Singularity University in Brazil. She spoke about artificial intelligence and neural networks at the Royal Irish Academy and the Royal Society in 2018. She has appeared on the PC Magazine podcast Fast Forward. She has been featured on BBC Radio 4 and NPR.
Ming was included in the BBC's "Top 100 Women 2017" and the Financial Times's “The OUTstanding lists: LGBT leaders and allies today", along with other awards and acknowledgments.
# 112 Gripes About the French

112 Gripes About the French was a 1945 handbook issued by the United States military authorities to enlisted personnel arriving in France after the Liberation. It was meant to defuse the growing tension between the American military and the locals.
The euphoria of victory over Germany was short-lived, and within months of Liberation, tensions began to rise between the French and the U.S. military personnel stationed in the country, with the former seeing the latter as arrogant and wanting to flaunt their wealth, and the latter seeing the former as proud and resentful. Fights were breaking out more often, and fears were raised, even among high officials, that the situation might eventually lead to a breakdown of civil order.
Set out in a question-and-answer format, 112 Gripes about the French posed a series of well-rehearsed complaints about the French, and then provided a common-sense rejoinder to each of them — the aim of the authors being to bring the average American soldier to a fuller understanding of his hosts.
It has been republished in the United States in 2004 (ISBN 1-4191-6512-7), and in France under the title "Nos amis les Français" ("Our friends the French"), ISBN 2-7491-0128-X in 2003.
# Peel Sessions 1979–1983

Peel Sessions 1979–1983 is a compilation album by English electronic band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), released in 2000. The songs were recorded between 1979 and 1983 for the BBC Radio 1 show presented by John Peel. "Electricity" is added as a bonus track and is the original version that was featured on their debut single on Factory Records (FAC6). "Bunker Soldiers" was recorded for the first and fourth sessions; the version from the fourth session was not released on this album.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Aaron Badgley of AllMusic wrote, "The CD is well recorded, and the playing is tight and exciting. Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys have never sounded so good and so alive and energetic on any of the studio releases. Highly recommended." Badgley asserted that the original 7" version of "Electricity" is itself "worth the price of the CD". Trouser Press called the album "a must-have for fans". In The Morning News, Andrew Womack said, "OMD is not just about 'If You Leave'. And this compilation of Peel Sessions from 1979 to 1983 highlights their songwriting ability, focus, and technique by stripping all the songs to their essentials."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys, except where noted

## The Peel sessions

All the Peel sessions by OMD were recorded at Maida Vale 4 studio.

### First Peel Session

The first Peel session was recorded on 20 August 1979 and transmitted on 3 September 1979.
Track list:
* "Bunker Soldiers"
* "Julia's Song"
* "Messages"
* "Red Frame/White Light"
Producer: Tony Wilson, engineer: Dave Dade.
Line up:
* Andy McCluskey (bass, vocals, drum machine)
* Paul Humphreys (keyboards, vocals)

### Second Peel Session

The second Peel session was recorded on 14 April 1980 and transmitted on 21 April 1980.
Track list:
* "Pretending to See the Future"
* "Enola Gay"
* "Dancing"
* "Motion and Heart"
Producer: Tony Wilson, engineer: Dave Dade.
Line up:
* Andy McCluskey: bass, vocals, drum machine
* Paul Humphreys: keyboards, vocals
* David Hughes: keyboards
* Malcolm Holmes: drums

### Third Peel Session

The third Peel session was recorded on 29 September 1980 and transmitted on 6 October 1980.
Track list:
* "Annex"
* "The Misunderstanding"
* "The More I See You"
Producer: Tony Wilson, engineer: Dave Dade.
Line up:
* Andy McCluskey: bass, vocals, drum machine
* Paul Humphreys: keyboards, vocals
* Martin Cooper: synthesizer (on "The Misunderstanding" only)
* Malcolm Holmes: drums

### Fourth Peel Session

The fourth Peel session was recorded on 29 January 1983 and transmitted on 21 February 1983.
Track list:
* "Genetic Engineering"
* "Of All the Things We've Made"
* "ABC Auto Industry"
* "Bunker Soldiers"
Producer: Dale Griffin, engineers: Harry Parker and Martin Colley.
Line up:
* Andy McCluskey: bass, vocals, drum machine
* Paul Humphreys: keyboards, vocals
* Martin Cooper: synthesizer
* Malcolm Holmes: drums
# Master of the High Court of Fiji

Masters of the High Court are judges authorised by the Fijian Constitution to sit on the High Court. Unlike the more senior puisne judges, who sit on both the High Court and the Court of Appeal, Masters of the High Court sit only on the High Court. The Master of the High Court's power is prescribed by the High Court Act and Order 59 of the Fijian High Court Rules 1988.
The first Master of the High Court of Fiji was Janmai Jay Udit. He was appointed in 2005. His appointment was revoked on abrogation of the 1997 constitution on 10 April 2009, together with all other judges and magistrates.
# Ossonis mentaweiensis

Ossonis mentaweiensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bernhard Schwarzer in 1930.
# Handschmann

Handschmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Peter Handschmann (born 1957), Austrian ice dancer
* Susi Handschmann (born 1959), Austrian ice dancer
# Olpiseius djarradjin

Olpiseius djarradjin is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.