OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Target–action

The term target–action design paradigm refers to a kind of software architecture, where a computer program is divided into objects which dynamically establish relationships by telling each other which object they should target and what action or message to send to that target when an event occurs. This is especially useful when implementing graphical user interfaces, which are by nature event-driven.

## Advantages

The target–action approach to event-driven systems allows far more dynamism when compared to other, more static approaches, such as by subclassing. That is because subclassing is a relatively stiff way to program: a programmer must lay out the internal interconnection logic of a program at design time and this cannot be changed later, unless the program is stopped, reengineered, and rebuilt. On the other hand, target-action based programming can change these completely at run-time, thus allowing the program to create new interrelationships and novel behavior by itself.
A prime example of this approach is the OpenStep API, which partly thanks to being based on the dynamic Objective-C language, has much of its graphical user interface implemented by using the target-action paradigm. Consider the following example, written in Objective-C:
Now when the button identified by the button variable is pressed, the runtime system will try to send a message named doSomething to the object in which this code has been invoked. It is also very well possible to determine the message to be sent at run-time:
Here the message which is to be sent is determined by consulting a text field's string value (the string of text which the user typed into a text field). This string is afterwards converted into a message (using the NSSelectorFromString function) and passed to the button as its action. This is possible because, under Objective-C, methods are represented by a selector, a simple string describing the method to be called. When a message is sent, the selector is sent into the ObjC runtime, matched against a list of available methods, and the method's implementation is called. The implementation of the method is looked up at runtime, not compile time.

## Disadvantages

Because of the extreme dynamism and freedom of behavior given to programs designed with the target-action paradigm, it can happen that the program designer incorrectly implements a part of the interconnection logic and this can lead to sometimes hard to trace bugs. This is due to the lack of compile-time control provided by the compiler which cannot see the interconnections. Thus interconnection consistency control is left entirely to the programmer.
The result of an incorrectly connected target-action binding can differ based on how the particular system in which the program is implemented regards this:
* it can ignore the condition and perform nothing (such as in the button example above – if the target of a button doesn't respond to its action message, pushing the button simply does nothing)
* it can consider such a state to be a bug, in which case it will most likely cause the program to crash or invoke a run-time exception
# William Fishburn Donkin

William Fishburn Donkin FRS FRAS (16 February 1814 – 15 November 1869) was a British astronomer and mathematician, Savilian Professor of Astronomy at the University of Oxford.

## Life

He was born at Bishop Burton, Yorkshire, on 15 February 1814. His parents were Thomas Donkin (1776–1856) and Alice née Bateman (1784–1860). Two of his uncles were Bryan Donkin and Thomas Bateman. He was educated at St Peter's School, York, and in 1832 entered St Edmund Hall, Oxford. In 1834, Donkin won a classical scholarship at University College, in 1836 he obtained a double first in classics and mathematics, and a year later he carried off the mathematical and Johnson mathematical scholarships. He proceeded B.A. 25 May 1836, and M.A. 1839. He was elected as a fellow of University College, and he continued for about six years at St Edmund Hall in the capacity of mathematical lecturer.
In 1842, Donkin was elected Savilian professor of astronomy at Oxford, in succession to George Johnson, a post which he held for the remainder of his life. Soon afterwards he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and also of the Royal Astronomical Society. In 1844, he married the third daughter of the Rev. John Hawtrey of Guernsey.
Donkin's poor health compelled him to live much abroad during the latter part of his life. He died 15 November 1869.

## Works

There is a list of his papers, sixteen in number, in the Catalogue of Scientific Papers published by the Royal Society. Early works were an Essay on the Theory of the Combination of Observations for the Ashmolean Society, and articles on ancient Greek music for William Smith's Dictionary of Antiquities.
Between 1850 and 1860, Donkin contributed papers to the Philosophical Transactions, including one on The Equation of Laplace's Functions, and another On a Class of Differential Equations, including those which occur in Dynamical Problems.
In 1861, Donkin read a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society on The Secular Acceleration of the Moon's Mean Motion (printed in Monthly Notices, R. A. Soc., 1861). He was also a contributor to the Philosophical Magazine. In June 1850 he explained the algebra of quaternions and spatial rotation. His last paper, a Note on Certain Statements in Elementary Works concerning the Specific Heat of Gases, appeared in 1864.
In 1867 Donkin began work on Acoustics; the first volume was put to press in 1870 by Bartholomew Price, after Donkin's death. The text studies vibrations, particularly transverse vibrations of an elastic string (chapter 7), longitudinal vibrations of an elastic rod (chapter 8), and lateral vibrations of a thin elastic rod (chapter 9).
# The Tip Sheet

The Tip Sheet (1993–2002) was a weekly magazine and CD insert for UK music industry insiders. Jonathan King founded it and was managing editor until his imprisonment in 2001. His brother, Andy, took over the position, helped by Joe Taylor.
The Tip Sheet promoted artists including The Corrs, The Darkness and Eva Cassidy while they were unsigned or unknown, and publicised future hits like Chumbawamba's Tubthumping, Cognoscenti Vs. Intelligentsia from the Cuban Boys and Who Let the Dogs Out? by Baha Men.
In 2005 The Tip Sheet message board and Record of the Day featured the track No Tomorrow by then-unknown band Orson. Within days the band had several offers. Within weeks they signed a publishing deal with Universal Records worth an estimated £300,000 and a label deal with Mercury Records for a million pounds. The single topped the UK chart, as did their first album.
The Tip Sheet has not been printed since 2002, but an online message board continues. Joe Taylor and fellow-employee Paul Scaife have since been active at Record of the Day, which has similar objectives.
From 1998-2001 the Tip Sheet CD was compiled and mastered by Phil Kerby t/a Audio Edit Productions using the SADiE Portable DAW at the Tip Sheet offices in Chiltern Street, London.
# The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau

The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau is a project that aims to provide, for the first time, accurate texts of the complete works of American author Henry David Thoreau, including his journal, personal letters, and writings for publication. Since the project was founded in 1966, Princeton University Press has published 18 of its volumes. It is based at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library, and has been directed by Elizabeth Witherell since 1980. The project has in the past been funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and the National Trust for the Humanities, and is now funded by UC Santa Barbara.
There were already editions of Thoreau's works until the title The Writings of Henry David Thoreau in 1893 (10 volumes), 1899, 1900, and 1906 (20 volumes).

## Progress

The project has published 18 volumes:
* Walden (1971)
* The Maine Woods (1972)
* Reform Papers (1973)
* Early Essays and Miscellanies (1975)
* A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1980)
* Journal 1: 1837-1844 (1981)
* Journal 2: 1842-1848 (1984)
* Translations (1986)
* Cape Cod (1988)
* Journal 3: 1848-1851 (1990)
* Journal 4: 1851-1852 (1992)
* Journal 5: 1852-1853 (1997)
* Journal 6: 1853 (2000)
* Journal 8: 1854 (2002)
* Excursions (2007)
* Journal 7: 1853-1854 (2009)
* Correspondence 1: 1834-1848 (2013)
* Correspondence 2: 1849-1856 (2018).
When complete, the project will comprise 30 volumes. The remaining 12, now in progress, contain works that are either unpublished or that have previously been incorrectly or incompletely transcribed: Correspondence (third volume), Poems, Nature Essays (2 volumes), and Journals 9-16.

## Online journal transcripts

Images of the sixteen manuscript volumes Thoreau kept from 1854 through 1861 are available online by the courtesy of the Morgan Library & Museum. Links to these transcripts can be found on the project's website.

## Award

In June 2003, NEH designated the Thoreau Edition a "We the People" project, citing Thoreau's important influence on American history and culture.
# The Troubled Empire

The Troubled Empire: China in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties is a history book about life and events in China in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, between the Mongol invasion of the Confucian empire in the 1270s and the invasion by the Manchu from the Eurasian Steppe, following extreme cold and drought in the 1630s.
The book is written by Timothy Brook, a distinguished Canadian historian who specializes in the study of China (Sinology).

## Interviews

* Nappi, Carla (24 February 2012). "Timothy Brook: The Troubled Empire: China in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties" (audio). New Books in East Asian Studies. New Books Network. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
# The Troubled Stateside

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Troubled Stateside is the second full-length studio album from Long Island melodic hardcore/punk band, Crime in Stereo. It was released in April 2006 by Nitro Records.

## Track listing

* All songs written by Crime in Stereo.
* "Everything Changes/Nothing Is Ever Truly Lost" – 0:59
* "Bicycles for Afghanistan" – 2:58
* "Impending Glory of American Adulthood" – 3:25
* "I'm on the Guestlist Motherfucker" – 1:30
* "Sudan" – 3:26
* "Abre los Ojos" – 3:28
* "Gravity/Grace" – 3:57
* "Slow Math" – 2:36
* "I Stole This for You" – 3:02
* "Dark Island City" – 2:06
* "For Exes" – 3:26
* "I, Stateside" – 5:21

## Credits

* Kristian Hallbert – vocals
* Alex Dunne – guitar
* Mike Musilli – bass
* Scotty Giffin – drums
* Dan McCabe – background vocals
* Produced and engineered by Mike Sapone
# The Vanishing Act

The Vanishing Act: The Untold Story of the Missing Malaysian Plane is an unreleased English-language feature film from India inspired by the events surrounding the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 to be directed by Rupesh Paul.

## Production

The expected shooting duration is about 35 days in India, and 15 days in Los Angeles/Malaysia. With The Vanishing Act, Rupesh Paul wants to explore the new galore of technologies and their effect on the human brain, which have not been explored before.
The film's trailer was shown at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival to seek co-producers for the film. The film reportedly has received offers for co-production from China and Malaysia. When asked, the director said he had rushed the teaser for the sake of Cannes, and afterwards issued an unconditional apology for the fictional love-triangle portrayed in the teaser, and the press was told that he wished a film to be released by September. A completed film is expected for as early as an August release.
The Official Logo of the feature film was released at the AFM 2014 recently by Rupesh Paul.

## Criticism

A teaser of the film was released at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, and received an adverse reaction from social and mainstream media. The film has been heavily criticised for not being considerate towards the families of the individuals onboard Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.
# Theories of Forgetting

Theories of Forgetting is a postmodern novel by Lance Olsen, published by Fiction Collective Two in 2014.

## Plot and structure

Theories of Forgetting is a novel made up of three intersecting narratives. The first involves the story of a middle-aged video artist, Alana, working on a short experimental video about Robert Smithson's land art Spiral Jetty. The second involves the story of Alana’s husband, Hugh, and his slow disappearance throughout Europe and across Jordan on a trip there both to remember and to forget in the aftermath of Alana’s unexpected death. His vanishing is linked to the Sleeping Beauties, a rising global religious cult that worships barbiturates. The third narrative involves the story of their daughter, Aila, an art critic and conceptual artist living in Berlin, and the marginalia she writes in her father's manuscript she discovers after his disappearance.
Each of these narratives has its own unique form and texture. Alana’s takes the shape of a diary containing photographs, drawings, newspaper clippings, and meditations on Smithson’s oeuvre, with which she becomes increasingly obsessed. Hugh’s is a more conventional third-person narrative, its voice numbed, disoriented, in the wake of his wife's unexpected death. Aila's notes exist only in the margins of Hugh's text.
Each page of the novel is divided in half. One narrative runs across the “top” from “front” to “back,” while the other runs “upside down” across the “bottom” of the page from “back” to “front.” In a sense, then, the novel’s physical structure suggests a spiral. Theories of Forgetting doesn't possess a front cover. Rather, it possesses two back ones. Opening it, the reader must choose what constitutes the privileged narrative, the one with which to begin, and that choice will exert pressure on the meaning she or he will make, since there are contradictory elements in the competing plots.
Theories of Forgetting, then, is interested in the materiality of page as well as in such thematic questions as death and the problem of memory and history.

## Reception

The Collagist commented that with Theories of Forgetting "Olsen delivers what could be called a 'destructuralized' novel that successfully resists the temptation of a conventional narrative strategy, yet for a novel that so self-consciously flashes its experimental bona fides, Theories remains eminently readable. Innovation and accessibility need not be in opposition to each other." The Quarterly conversation called Olsen's novel "a masterful work."
# The Yiddisher Boy

The Yiddisher Boy is a 1909 film directed by Sigmund Lubin.

## Plot

The plot is about a boy called Moses who lives on the Lower East Side of New York City and helps support his family by selling papers. When one of the other newsboys tries to rob Moses, Ed comes to his rescue. Moses invites Ed over for Shabbat dinner. When Ed is run down by a passing bicycle, Moses visits his friend in the hospital and uses his last pennies to help him. Years later Moses is a successful merchant, and Ed, down on his luck, comes looking for a job. Moses recognizes his old friend and offers him the best job he has.
# Themarohystrix

Themarohystrix is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.
# Themarictera

Themarictera is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.
# Thiruvarutchelvar

Thiruvarutchelvar is a 1967 Indian Tamil-language Hindu mythological film, directed and produced by A. P. Nagarajan. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Gemini Ganesan, Savitri and Padmini. It was released on 28 July 1967, and ran for 100 days successfully in theatres.

## Plot

This movie chronicles the various "adventures" of Lord Shiva where he played with his devotees, especially, the key Nayanmars of Appar, Sundarar, Thirugnanasambandhar, Tiru Kurippu Thondar and Sekkizhar woven into a intricate narration. Taken largely from Periya Puranam, the movie is episodic and includes tales of how Sekkizhar works to compose it as he narrates the tale of how the Lord tested Tiru Kurippu Thondar, stopped the marriage of Sundarar while showing the world the power of verses of Appar and Sambandar by making them open the gates of temples, that had been locked for centuries, through their songs while also guide Appar to revive a dead child through his songs.

## Cast

* Sivaji Ganesan as King, Sekkizhar, Tiru Kurippu Thonda Nayanar, Sundaramoorthy Nayanar, Thirunavukarasar (Appar)
* Gemini Ganesan as Shiva
* Savitri as Arulmozhi
* R. Muthuraman as Apputhi Adigal
* Padmini as the dancer who corrects and diverts the King into Spiritual world
* K. R. Vijaya as Suguna Paravai Nachiyar
* Srividya as Sivashakthi Nadanam (credited as Vidhya Moorthy)
* Nagesh as Ponnan
* Manorama as Ponnan's wife
* V. Nagayya
* E. R. Sahadevan as Chola king
* G. Sakunthala as
* Kutty Padmini
* K. Sarangapani
* P. D. Sambandam
* V. Gopalakrishnan as Kulothunga Chola II (Sekkizhar Head of King)
* Senthamarai

## Production

Srividya, who went on to become a popular actress made her debut in this film. Her name was shown as Vidhya Moorthy in the introductory credits. Sivaji Ganesan's performance as Appar was inspired by Kanchi Paramacharya of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham.

## Soundtrack

The soundtracks were composed by K. V. Mahadevan and lyrics were by Kannadasan. The song "Nadarmudi" is set in Punnagavarali raga, and "Mannavan Vanthanadi" is set in Kalyani. P. Susheela who sang the song recalled that she was initially nervous to sing this song because of Ganesan's presence at the studio. Noticing it, Ganesan walked out of the studio and Susheela recorded the song.
# Thiruvasakam in Symphony

Thiruvasakam in Symphony (2005) is an oratorio composed and orchestrated by Ilaiyaraaja. Thiruvasagam is a collection of ancient Tamil poems written by Manikkavacakar. They were transcribed partially in English by American lyricist Stephen Schwartz. This is said to be the first Indian oratorio ever. It was performed by the Budapest Symphony Orchestra.

## Track listing

| Track Name | Singer(s) | Part of Thiruvasagam | Duration |
| Poovaar Senni Mannan | Ilaiyaraaja | From Yaatirai Pathu (யாத்திரைப் பத்து) - Thiruvasagam 45 | 8:17 |
| Pollaa Vinayen | Ilaiyaraaja, Ray Harcourt & Chorus | From Sivapuranam (சிவபுராணம்) - Thiruvasagam 1 | 20:40 |
| Pooerukonum Purantharanum | Ilaiyaraaja, Bhavatharini | From Thiruk-kothumbi (திருக்கோத்தும்பி) - Thiruvasagam 10 | 8:03 |
| Umbarkatkarasaey | Ilaiyaraaja | From Piditha Pathu (பிடித்த பத்து) - Thiruvasagam 37 | 10:20 |
| Muthunar Thalampoo | Unnikrishnan, Madhu Balakrishnan, Vijay Yesudas, Manjari, Asha, Gayathri & Chorus | From Thiruporchunnam (திருப்பொற் சுண்ணம்) - Thiruvasagam 9 | 8:04 |
| Puttril Vazh Aravum Anjaen | Ilaiyaraaja | From Acchap Pathu (அச்சப்பத்து) - Thiruvasagam 35 | 8:47 |
# Theodor Ilgen

Theodor Ilgen (29 October 1854, in Brotterode – 19 September 1924, in Miltenberg) was a German archivist and historian.
He studied history at the University of Marburg as a pupil of Conrad Varrentrapp. In 1879 he received his doctorate, and afterwards worked as an archivist at the state archives in Marburg (from 1880), Düsseldorf (from 1882) and Münster (from 1885). From 1900 to 1921 he was director of the archives at Düsseldorf.
He published German translations of Aeneas Silvius' book on Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich III and Josef Grünpeck's work on Friedrich III and Maximilian I. He made contributions as editor to Die Chroniken der westfälischen und niederrheinischen Städte ("The Chronicles of Westphalia and Lower Rhine cities"; 3 volumes, 1887–95) and was the author of several biographies in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.

## Selected works

* Markgraf Conrad von Montferrat (1880) – Margrave Conrad of Montferrat.
* Die Geschichte Kaiser Friedrichs III (2 parts, 1889–90); translation of Aeneas Silvius' Historia Friderici III. imperatoris.
* Die Geschichte Friedrichs III. und Maximilians I. (1899); translation of Josef Grünpeck's Historia Friderici III. et Maximiliani I..
* Sphragistik, Heraldik deutsche Münzgeschichte (with Erich Gritzner, 1906) – Sigillography, heraldry and German coinage.
* Die neuen Dienstgebäude der Staatsarchive zu Coblenz und Düsseldorf (with Richard Knipping, 1907) – The new offices of the State Archives at Coblenz and Düsseldorf.
* Die wiederaufgefundenen Registerbücher der Grafen und Herzöge von Cleve-Mark (1909) – The rediscovered registration books of the counts and dukes of the Duchy of Cleves.
* Quellen zur inneren Geschichte der Rheinischen Territorien: Herzogtum Kleve (2 parts, 1921–25) – Sources for the internal history of the Rhenish territories: Duchy of Cleves.
# This Is What You Get (Flunk album)

This Is What You Get is the sixth album by Norwegian electronic band Flunk released in 2009 on Beatservice Records.

## Track listing

* Dying to See You
* Common Sense
* Cigarette Burns
* Ride
* Love Hearts
* Speedskating
* Stain
* Cardboard Rebel
* Shoreline
* Down
* Karma Police
# Thomas Ethelbert Page

Thomas Ethelbert Page, CH (27 March 1850 – 1 April 1936) was a British classicist and schoolmaster.

## Early life

Thomas Ethelbert Page was born in Lincoln, England on 27 March 1850. He was the second son of William Tomlinson Page, the manager of the Lincoln and Lindsey Banking Company, and his wife Anne, whose maiden surname was Watson. He was baptised at St Peter at Arches Church, Lincoln, on 28 April 1850. During the time of the 1851 census, taken on 30 March, Thomas was living with his family at number 18, Salter Gate, Lincoln. He attended Lincoln Grammar School, Shrewsbury School, and St John's College, Cambridge, where he ranked second in Classics in 1873.

## Career

After his graduation, Page worked as a sixth-form master at Charterhouse School until 1910. After his retirement, he was appointed as the first editor of the Loeb Classical Library. During his career, he was offered the headships of Harrow and Shrewsbury, as well as the Kennedy Professor of Latin at Cambridge, all of which he turned down.
Page received the LittD from Manchester University in 1913 and was made an honorary Fellow of St John's College in 1931. He was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in the 1934 New Year Honours "for services to scholarship and letters".
Thomas married Delamotte Caroline Eugenie Toynbee, on 16 December 1875 at St George's Hanover Square Church, London. Her father Edward was born in 1825 at Heckington, and was a half-brother of Joseph Toynbee.They had two daughters. He died at a nursing home in Godalming, on 1 April 1936, five days after his 86th birthday.
# This Time Around

This Time Around may refer to:

## Music
### Albums

* This Time Around (Hanson album) or the title song (see below), 2000
* This Time Around (Heather Williams album) or the title song, 2011
* This Time Around (Otis Clay album) or the title song, 1998
* This Time Around (Paul Brandt album) or the title song, 2004
* This Time Around: Live in Tokyo, by Deep Purple, or the title song (see below), 2001
* This Time Around (EP), by Tedashii, or the title song, 2016
* This Time Around (Green on Red album), 1989
* This Time Around, by Phats & Small, or the title song, 2001

### Songs

* "This Time Around" (Hanson song), 2000
* "This Time Around" (Michael Jackson song), 1995
* "This Time Around", by Benjamin Orr from The Lace, 1986
* "This Time Around", by Brides of Destruction from Runaway Brides, 2005
* "This Time Around", by Cheap Trick from Standing on the Edge, 1985
* "This Time Around", by Jaira Burns from Burn Slow, 2018
* "This Time Around", by Jessica Pratt from Quiet Signs, 2019
* "This Time Around", by Tove Lo from Queen of the Clouds, 2014
* "This Time Around"/"Owed to 'G'", by Deep Purple from Come Taste the Band, 1975

## Other uses

* This Time Around (film), a 2003 American TV film