OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Plague pit

A plague pit is the informal term used to refer to mass graves in which victims of the Black Death were buried. The term is most often used to describe pits located in Great Britain, but can be applied to any place where bubonic plague victims were buried.

## Origin

The plague which swept across China, Middle East, and Europe in the 14th century is estimated to have killed between one-third and two-thirds of Europe's population. Disposal of the bodies of those who died presented huge problems for the authorities, and eventually the normal patterns of burial and funerary observance broke down.

## Major plague outbreaks

Plague pits were used especially often during major plague outbreaks, such as the London epidemic of 1665. Graveyards rapidly filled and parishes became strained; for example the number of deaths in the parish of St Bride's Church, Fleet Street, in 1665 was almost six times normal.
# Plantar digital arteries

Plantar digital arteries may refer to:
* Common plantar digital arteries
* Proper plantar digital arteries
# Plantar cuneocuboid ligament

The plantar cuneocuboid ligament is a fibrous band that connects the plantar surfaces of the cuboid to the lateral surface of the cuneiform bones.
# Plaesianillus

Plaesianillus is a monotypic genus of European sheet weavers containing the single species, Plaesianillus cyclops. It was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1926, and has only been found in France.
# Pittosporum wingii

Pittosporum wingii, sometimes known as the mountain pittosporum or hairy pittosporum, is a shrub or small tree growing in tropical Queensland in Australia. It may reach 9 metres tall, growing in rainforest or moist eucalyptus areas. It grows in a variety of different sites, including forest understory from 150 metres to 1100 metres above sea level
# Platylepas hexastylos

Platylepas hexastylos is a species of barnacle in the family Platylepadidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific Ocean where it lives as a symbiont of such large marine creatures as the dugong (Dugong dugon), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), the olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), or the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta).

## Ecology

Some species of barnacle settle on either a solid substrate or on a living host, but others are obligate commensals, and this latter group includes P. hexastylos. In a study of stranded turtles on the coast of southern Brazil, P. hexastylos and Chelonibia testudinaria were the barnacles most often encountered. Some turtles had as many as three species of barnacle, and P. hexastylos was often associated with the bay barnacle (Balanus improvisus). In general the barnacles were encrusted on the marginal scutes or the rear of the turtle, but P. hexastylos encrusted securely on soft tissues causing deep wounds. Up to eight P. hexastylos were found on individual turtles.
# Pleurotoma

Pleurotoma may refer to:
* Pleurotoma Lamarck, 1799 , a genus of gastropods in the family Turridae, synonym of Turris
* Pleurotoma Mörch, 1869, a genus of gastropods in the family Mangeliidae, synonym of Oenopota
* Pleurotoma, a fossil genus of sponges in the order Lychniscosida, family unknown, synonym of Jima
# Playa Grande, Costa Rica

Playa Grande (Spanish pronunciation:, lit. "Big Beach"), also known as Salinas, is a beach community on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica just north of Tamarindo. It is located inside the canton of Santa Cruz in Guanacaste Province. Playa Grande has been part of the Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas (Las Baulas Marine National Park) since 1990. There are palm trees and vegetation around the beach, which stretches for about 4.5 kilometers (2.8 miles). It is part of the Las Baulas National Marine Park, which was established to protect the nesting grounds of endangered leatherback turtles. Playa Grande is one of the major nesting sites for these turtles, and visitors can witness the nesting and hatching process during the nesting season, which typically occurs from October to March. The main attraction of Playa Grande is its surf breaks. The beach has consistent waves. Playa Grande is an ideal destination for nature lovers, with diverse ecosystems surrounding it. Beyond the beach, you can explore the nearby mangrove forests, take boat tours along the estuaries, or venture into the neighboring national parks, such as Rincon de la Vieja or Santa Rosa, which offer hiking trails, wildlife spotting opportunities, and breathtaking landscapes.

## Geography and Location

Playa Grande is located approximately 63 km (39 mi) south of Liberia International Airport and is situated within the Las Baulas National Marine Park, which is dedicated to protecting the nesting grounds of endangered leatherback turtles.
The town is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and is situated between the towns of Tamarindo to the south and Playa Ventanas to the north.

## Tourism and Activities

Playa Grande offers a variety of activities for tourists, including surfing, wildlife observation, snorkeling, scuba diving, sport fishing, and horseback riding along the beach. There are several accommodation options available, including hotels, vacation rentals, and eco-lodges.

## Las Baulas Marine National Park

Las Baulas is Costa Rica's nesting site for the leatherback sea turtle and was created to protect their declining population. The park is home to 117 tree and shrub species and 139 bird species.

## Beach

Playa Grande beach is known for its sandy bottom and waves. There are several surf breaks from the shore that make the location popular for swimming and surfing.

## In International Pop Culture

Playa Grande is featured on a postcard in S4 E18 of "The Office" (U.S.). The episode features Toby's going-away party before he moves to Playa Grande, where he appears various times for the remainder of season 4.
# Pleasant Bend, Ohio

Pleasant Bend is an unincorporated community in Henry County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A post office called Pleasant Bend was established in 1879, the name was changed to Pleasantbend in 1896, and the post office closed in 1928. The community derives its name from the curve of railroad tracks at the original town site.
# Pleurotomella guespellensis

Pleurotomella guespellensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Eocene strata of Île-de-France, France.
# Pleurotomella granulatorappardi

Pleurotomella granulatorappardi is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Oligocene strata in Aquitaine, France.
# Ploujean

Ploujean is a former commune of Finistère which is part of Morlaix since February 1959.
The church was built in the 15th century. It has been listed as a Monument historique since 1914 by the French Ministry of Culture, and its organ, built by Thomas Dallam II in the 17th century, has been listed since 1992.
It is the birthplace of the Breton poets Tristan Corbière and Olivier Souvestre (1835–1871). It is also the place where Gabriel Pierné died in 1937.
The population was 3,142 at the 1954 census.
Morlaix's airport, in Ploujean, is Morlaix – Ploujean Airport. Brit Air, a regional airline and Air France subsidiary, was headquartered by the airport in Ploujean. In 2013 the airline merged into HOP!.
# Ploumanac'h

Ploumanac'h (French pronunciation: or, and in Breton) is a village port in a natural harbour, part of the commune of Perros-Guirec, in the arrondissement of Lannion, in the Côtes-d'Armor department of the Brittany region of France. In 2015 it was voted "the village most preferred by the French". It lies 3 kilometres north-west of the town Perros-Guirec.
An outstanding feature of the area is the pink granite rock and sands of the Côte de Granit Rose coast. Buildings of interest are the tidal mill and the Ploumanac'h Lighthouse. The chapel of Saint Guirec faces the beach, opposite its little 12th-century oratory which is surrounded by the sea at high tide. The small chateau is not open to the public but it was the place where Henryk Sienkiewicz wrote Quo Vadis and gained himself a Nobel Prize in Literature.

## Climate

Climate data for Ploumanac'h / 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1947–present :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.8 (64.0) | 20.6 (69.1) | 23.6 (74.5) | 26.9 (80.4) | 30.3 (86.5) | 32.7 (90.9) | 36.2 (97.2) | 35.6 (96.1) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.8 (87.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 18.3 (64.9) | 36.2 (97.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) | 9.7 (49.5) | 11.5 (52.7) | 12.7 (54.9) | 15.2 (59.4) | 17.7 (63.9) | 19.8 (67.6) | 20.4 (68.7) | 18.9 (66.0) | 16.0 (60.8) | 12.5 (54.5) | 10.2 (50.4) | 14.5 (58.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) | 7.3 (45.1) | 8.9 (48.0) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.4 (54.3) | 14.8 (58.6) | 16.9 (62.4) | 17.3 (63.1) | 16.0 (60.8) | 13.4 (56.1) | 10.2 (50.4) | 8.0 (46.4) | 11.9 (53.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) | 4.9 (40.8) | 6.3 (43.3) | 7.1 (44.8) | 9.6 (49.3) | 12.0 (53.6) | 13.9 (57.0) | 14.3 (57.7) | 13.2 (55.8) | 10.8 (51.4) | 8.0 (46.4) | 5.9 (42.6) | 9.3 (48.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −11.0 (12.2) | −11.0 (12.2) | −3.2 (26.2) | 0.0 (32.0) | 1.8 (35.2) | 6.0 (42.8) | 8.2 (46.8) | 7.8 (46.0) | 7.0 (44.6) | 1.0 (33.8) | −2.8 (27.0) | −10.0 (14.0) | −11.0 (12.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 93.3 (3.67) | 76.3 (3.00) | 65.5 (2.58) | 64.9 (2.56) | 61.3 (2.41) | 45.5 (1.79) | 47.4 (1.87) | 49.5 (1.95) | 55.4 (2.18) | 91.5 (3.60) | 95.8 (3.77) | 109.8 (4.32) | 856.2 (33.71) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 15.9 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 11.3 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 13.8 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 141.5 |
| Source: Meteociel ||||||||||||||
# Pizza (album)

Pizza is the third album by French rocker Alain Bashung, issued in 1981 on Philips Records.

## Production

This album immediately followed Bashung's breakthrough single, "Gaby oh Gaby" (which was added on the CD reissues of the album). Lyricist Boris Bergman wrote part of the lyrics, the other part was made of improvisations by Bashung. The album features a somewhat surreal mood, with abstract lyrics, full of double entendres, plays on words, puns and automatic writing. For instance, when talking about how a girl pisses him off on "Vertige de l'amour" ("Love vertigo"), his second hit single which helped bolster the sales of the album, Bergman wrote "Si ça continue j'vais me découper" ("if it goes on like this I'm gonna cut myself"), the verb "découper" (which means "cut") being used instead of "j'vais me casser" ("casser" both meaning "leave" and "break" in French), to which Bashung improvised "suivant les pointillés" ("along the dotted line").

## Reception
### Commercial performance

Pizza hit #1 on the French charts.

### Critical reception

In 2010, the French edition of Rolling Stone magazine named this album the 19th greatest French rock album (out of 100). In his book La discothèque parfaite de l'odyssée du rock, Gilles Verlant, although he did not include the album in his list of essential albums, qualified the album string of Roulette russe / Pizza as a "triumph".

## Personnel

* Alain Bashung - vocals
* Olivier Guindon, Richard Brunton - guitar
* François Delage - bass
* Tommy Eyre - keyboards
* Philippe Draï - drums
* Liam Genockey - percussion
* Mel Collins - saxophone

## Singles

* 1981 : Vertige de l'amour / Ça cache quekchose (France : 1)
* 1981 : Rebel / Reviens va-t-en (France : 19)

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 100,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||
# Plexaurella

Plexaurella is a genus of gorgonian-type octocorals in the family Plexauridae. Species of the genus are typically characterised by their slit-pores, however, there are some which lack this distinguishing feature (e.g. P. grisea). Sclerite examination is necessary for species identification, which reveals the characteristic 4-rayed 'butterfly' spicules of the cortex and the lack of purple sclerites in the axial sheath.

## Species

The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species in the genus:
# Plexaurella nutans

Plexaurella nutans, the giant slit-pore sea rod, is a tall species of soft coral in the family Plexauridae. It is a relatively uncommon species and is found in shallow seas in the Caribbean region.

## Description

Plexaurella nutans can grow to a height of over a metre (yard). It has thick cylindrical branches that occasionally fork and which are often slightly clubbed at the tips. These have a diameter of 10 to 15 centimetres (3.9 to 5.9 in). The polyps are rather large and protrude from round, oval or slit-shaped grooves in the cup-shaped calyces in the coral skeleton. Each of these calyces is on a slight mound giving the coral a dimpled surface. When the polyps are extended, as they usually are, they give the coral a fuzzy appearance. The colour of this coral is usually pale brown, grey or sometimes lavender.

## Distribution and habitat

Plexaurella nutans is an uncommon species and occurs at depths down to 50 metres (160 ft) in the Caribbean Sea, the Bahamas and Florida. It is usually found on isolated patch reefs or on forereef slopes.

## Biology

The polyps of Plexaurella nutans extend their tentacles to feed on zooplankton and other small invertebrates floating past. The food gathered is shared with neighbouring polyps via the gastrovascular cavity inside the coral's skeleton. After particles of liver marked with a radioactive tracer were fed experimentally to a single polyp, radioactivity was detected in tissues up to 11 centimetres (4.3 in) away.
Plexaurella nutans is a zooxanthellate species of coral with large numbers of symbiotic dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium living in its tissues. These are photosynthetic algae that provide nourishment to their host while benefiting from the coral's waste products. It was found experimentally that different species of Symbiodinium were found at different depths in Plexaurella nutans and other corals. If the corals' tissues were cultured in the laboratory, other species again became apparent, the growth of which was favoured by the laboratory environment. These must have been undetected in the tissues previously.
# Plexauridae

Plexauridae is a family of marine colonial octocorals in the phylum Cnidaria. Members of this family are found in shallow tropical and subtropical seas. Many species contain symbiotic photosynthetic protists called zooxanthellae.

## Characteristics

The Plexauridae have a branching colony form and many are known as sea rods or sea fans. The axial core of the coral skeleton is horny and hollow, and contains no sclerites. This is covered by a layer of tissue called coenenchyme in which is embedded calcareous sclerites. The sclerites are very varied in form in the Plexauridae, and examination of their morphology is helpful in identifying the different species. The calyces in which the polyps sit are strengthened by further sclerites and have eight fine dividing walls called septa. The polyps each have eight pinnate tentacles.

## Genera

The World Register of Marine Species includes these genera in this family:
* Acanthacis Deichmann, 1936
* Acanthomuricea Hentschel, 1903
* Acis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860
* Alaskagorgia Sánchez & Cairns, 2004
* Anthomuricea Studer, 1887
* Anthoplexaura Kükenthal, 1908
* Astrogorgia Verrill, 1868
* Astromuricea Germanos, 1895
* Bayergorgia Williams & Lopez-Gonzalez, 2005
* Bebryce Philippi, 1841
* Chromoplexaura Williams, 2013
* Cryogorgia Williams, 2005
* Dentomuricea Grasshoff, 1977
* Discogorgia Kükenthal, 1919
* Echinogorgia Kölliker, 1865
* Echinomuricea Verrill, 1869
* Elasmogorgia Wright & Studer, 1889
* Eunicea Lamouroux, 1816
* Euplexaura Verrill, 1869
* Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868
* Hypnogorgia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
* Lapidogorgia Grasshoff, 1999
* Lepidomuricea Kükenthal, 1919
* Lytreia Bayer, 1981
* Menacella Gray, 1870
* Menella Gray, 1870
* Mesogligorgia Lopez-Gonzalez, 2007
* Muricea Lamouroux, 1821
* Muriceides Wright & Studer, 1889
* Muriceopsis Aurivillius, 1931
* Paracis Kükenthal, 1919
* Paramuricea Koelliker, 1865
* Paraplexaura Kükenthal, 1909
* Placogorgia Wright & Studer, 1889
* Plexaura Lamouroux, 1821
* Plexaurella Kölliker, 1865
* Plexauroides Wright & Studer
* Plexauropsis Verrill
* Psammogorgia Verrill, 1868
* Pseudoplexaura Wright & Studer, 1889
* Pseudothesea Kükenthal, 1919
* Scleracis Kükenthal, 1919
* Spinimuricea Grasshoff, 1992
* Swiftia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
* Thesea Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860
* Trimuricea Gordon, 1926
* Villogorgia Duchassaing & Michelloti, 1862
# Placido della Marra

Placido della Marra (1560 – 2 December 1620) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Melfi e Rapolla (1595–1620) and Apostolic Nuncio to the Emperor (1612–1616).

## Biography

Placido della Marra was born in Naples, Italy in 1560. On 6 March 1595, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Bishop of Melfi e Rapolla. On 2 April 1595, he was consecrated bishop by Giulio Antonio Santorio, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere, with Flaminio Filonardi, Bishop of Aquino, and Leonard Abel, Titular Bishop of Sidon serving as co-consecrators.
On 21 July 1612, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Apostolic Nuncio to the Emperor where he served until his resignation on 25 August 1616.
He served as Bishop of Melfi e Rapolla until his death on 2 December 1620. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Melchior Klesl, Bishop of Wien, and the principal co-consecrator of Bartolomeo Cesi (cardinal), Archbishop of Conza.
# Placido Maria Schiaffino

Placido Maria Schiaffino, O.S.B. Oliv. (8 September 1829 – 23 September 1889) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who held senior positions in the Benedictine order and in the Roman Curia. He was made a cardinal in 1885.

## Biography

Placido Maria Schiaffino was born to a family of modest means in Genoa on 5 September 1829. He studied there and entered the Order of Saint Benedict Olivetana at the monastery of San Girolamo di Quarto a Mare near Genoa in 1846, taking his vows on 17 October 1847. He studied philosophy at Collegio Romano in 1847, but political turmoil interrupted his education and he became master of novices in the Olivetan monastery of Sicily the next year. He took up his studies in Rome again in 1850, was ordained a priest in 1852, and earned his doctorate in theology in 1854.
Based in the convent of Monte Oliveto Maggiore in Siena, he was a preacher for several years and became chancellor of his congregation on 15 May 1859 and abbot ordinary and vicar general of his congregation on 3 June 1870, and in that role participated in the First Vatican Council.
Pope Leo XIII, who while bishop of Perugia had heard Schiaffino preach in 1868, appointed him titular bishop of Nissa on 30 August 1878. He received his episcopal consecration on 1 September 1878 from Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valletta, vicar general of Rome and was named president of the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Noble on 2 November 1878. Pope Leo made him secretary of the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars on 18 November 1884.
Pope Leo raised him to the rank of cardinal on 27 July 1885 and assigned him as a cardinal priest the title of Santi Giovanni e Paolo on 30 July.
He was named prefect of the Congregation of the Index on 6 April 1888, where he served until he was appointed Vatican Librarian on 20 February 1889. Beginning 18 May 1889, he was also the administrator of the Benedictine abbey in Subiaco.
He died in the abbey of Subiaco on 23 September 1889 at the age of 60.
# Plumbeous seedeater

The plumbeous seedeater (Sporophila plumbea) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland.
# Pneumonyssoides

Pneumonyssoides is a monotypic genus of mites belonging to the family Halarachnidae. The only species is Pneumonyssoides caninum. It is one of the most commonly studied species of Halarachnidae found in dogs.$^{:112}$
They are oval shaped. Adults in this species can measure from 1.5 to 0.6 mm in length.$^{:238}$
The species is found in North America. They have a world wide distribution.$^{:38}$
# Pogobie

Pogobie may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Pogobie Średnie
* Pogobie Tylne
# Poche

Poche is the French word for pocket. It can refer to:

## People

* Colin Poche (born 1994), American baseball player
* Felix Pierre Poché (1836–1895), American justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court
* Fred Poché (born 1960), French philosopher
* Jared Poché (born 1994), American baseball player
* Miroslav Poche (born 1978), Czech politician
* Oswald Poche (1908–1962), German Nazi military figure, chief of the Gestapo

### See also

* Mauricio Pochettino (born 1972), Argentinian former footballer and manager of Tottenham Hotspur

## Places

* Poche Beach, in San Clemente, California
* Habère-Poche, a commune in south-eastern France

## Other

* Amour de poche, a French comedy fantasy film from 1957
* Chat en poche, a comedy in three acts by Georges Feydeau from 1892
* Le Livre de Poche ("The Pocket Book"), a publishing brand name in France since 1953
* Pochette, French name for a kit violin
* Télé Poche ("Pocket TV"), a weekly television listings magazine in France since 1966
# Pochard

Pochard is a common name used for several species of diving ducks:
* Four species in the genus Aythya:
** Common pochard, Aythya ferina
** Baer's pochard, Aythya baeri
** Ferruginous pochard, Aythya nyroca
** Madagascar pochard, Aythya innotata
* Three species in the genus Netta:
** Red-crested pochard, Netta rufina
** Rosy-billed pochard or Rosybill, Netta peposaca
** Southern pochard, Netta erythrophthalma
# Plato Airport

Plato Airport (IATA: PLT, ICAO: SKPL) is an airport serving the town of Plato in the Magdalena Department of Colombia. The runway is adjacent to the northwest side of the town.
# Pol Bouin

Pol André Bouin (11 June 1870 – 5 February 1962) was a French histologist and reproductive endocrinologist. He is best known for the fixative Bouin solution named after him.
Bouin was born in Vendresse, France into a family of veterinarians. He studied medicine at Nancy and was influenced by Auguste Prenant. He received a doctor of medicine degree in 1897. He worked as a histology preparator and later became a professor of anatomy in 1898. He succeeded Professor Prenant in the chair of histology at Nancy in 1908. Throughout his career, he conducted numerous experiments, particularly in the field of reproductive endocrinology. In 1929 he demonstrated that lactation could be induced in rabbits without ovaries by administering anterior pituitary extract at a time when prolactin had not yet been identified. In 1932 he published Elements d'histologie.