OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peary Nunatak

Peary Nunatak or Peary's Nunatak is a nunatak in King Christian IX Land, Sermersooq Municipality, Greenland.

## Geography

Peary Nunatak is a nunatak located 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Comanche Bay. It rises south of Whymper Nunatak and northwest of Ravna Nunatak, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the seashore. Its elevation is 812 metres (2,664 ft).
* Defense Mapping Agency map of Greenland sheet.
# Victoriana Mejía Marulanda

María Dora Victoriana Mejía Marulanda (born 23 April 1943) is a Colombian diplomat who was the Ambassador of Colombia to Sweden. Prior to her ambassadorship, Mejía served as First Secretary of the Colombian Embassy in Brussels from 1994 to 1997 when she was promoted to the rank of Consul General in that same city and remained in that post until 1998.

## Ambassadorship

Mejía was named by President Álvaro Uribe Vélez on 11 October 2002. She was officially appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Colombia to the Federal Republic of Germany on 30 November 2002 and presented her Letters of Credence to German President Johannes Rau on 12 March 2003.

## Personal life

Born on 23 April 1943 in Pereira, Risaralda, to Bernardo Mejía Jaramillo and María Dora Marulanda Gutiérrez. She married John P. R. Kriendler on 28 July 1982 in Paris, France, and together had one daughter, Sara (born 1983). Her younger sister, María Isabel is a Liberal party politician who has served as Mayor of Pereira, Governor of Risaralda, and Congresswoman in both the Chamber and the Senate.
# 1901 Iowa State Cyclones football team

The 1901 Iowa State Cyclones football team was an American football team that represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) as an independent during the 1901 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Edgar M. Clinton, the team compiled a 2–6–2 record and was outscored by a total of 133 to 56. William Scholty was the team captain.
Between 1892 and 1913, the football team played on State Field on land that later became the site of the university's Parks Library.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | | vs. Grinnell | Marshalltown, IA | T 0–0 | |
| October 5 | | Still | State FieldAmes, IA | W 23–0 | |
| October 12 | | at Iowa State Normal | Cedar Falls, IA | T 0–0 | |
| October 18 | | at Iowa | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA (rivalry) | L 0–12 | |
| October 26 | | at Nebraska | Antelope FieldLincoln, NE | L 0–17 | |
| November 2 | | Grinnell | State FieldAmes, IA | L 0–23 | 1,200 |
| November 9 | | at Wisconsin | Randall FieldMadison, WI | L 0–45 | |
| November 16 | 2:30 p.m. | Drake | State FieldAmes, IA | L 5–12 | |
| November 21 | | Cornell (IA) | State FieldAmes, IA | W 28–12 | |
| November 28 | | at Simpson | Simpson FieldIndianola, IA | L 0–12 | 1,200 |
| All times are in Central time |||||||
# Peptide sequence tag

A peptide sequence tag is a piece of information about a peptide obtained by tandem mass spectrometry that can be used to identify this peptide in a protein database.

## Mass spectrometry

In general, peptides can be identified by fragmenting them in a mass spectrometer. For example, during collision-induced dissociation peptides collide with a gas within the mass spectrometer and break into pieces at their peptide bonds. The resulting fragment ions (called b-ions and y-ions) have mass differences corresponding to the residue masses of the respective amino acids. Thus, a tandem mass spectrum contains partial information about the amino acid sequence of the peptide. The peptide sequence tag approach, developed by Matthias Wilm and Matthias Mann at the EMBL, uses this information to identify the peptide in a database. Briefly, a couple of masses are extracted from the spectrum in order to obtain the peptide sequence tag. This peptide sequence tag is a unique identifier of a specific peptide and can be used to find it in a database containing all possible peptide sequences.

## Peptide fragment notation

A notation has been developed for indicating peptide fragments that arise from a tandem mass spectrum. Peptide fragment ions are indicated by a, b, or c if the charge is retained on the N-terminus and by x, y or z if the charge is maintained on the C-terminus. The subscript indicates the number of amino acid residues in the fragment. Prime symbols indicate the number of protons or hydrogens added to the fragment to form the observed ion. For example, y'' denotes the singly charged ion analogous to a protonated peptide, (y''')$^{2+}$ is a doubly charged ion analogous to a doubly protonated peptide.
# Vincenzo Pietropaolo

Vincenzo Pietropaolo (born in 1951) is a Canadian photographer known for photographs that display an empathy for his subjects, who has focussed on documentary photography.
In 2011, Satu Repo wrote about the first of Pietropaolo's photographs to be published in 1971, in This Magazine. The photographs were of immigrant workers on strike outside Artistic Woodwork. She described the photographs as being "...remarkable in both their intensity and intimacy. You were face-to-face with these men, solemn but determined, exercising their right to organize. You couldn't help but share the photographer's clear empathy for them."
Since then, Pietropaolo's photographs have been widely published, have been the subject of gallery shows, and have won awards, including the Cesar E. Chavez Black Eagle Award (named in honor of Cesar Chavez).
During the 1970s and 1980s, Pietropaolo also worked in the field of city planning, choosing to devote himself exclusively to photography in 1991.

## Works

* Vincenzo Pietropaolo; Mark Frutkin (2020). Where Angels Come to Earth. Longbridge Books. ISBN 9781928065159.
* Vincenzo Pietropaolo (2017). Ritual: Good Friday in Little Italy. Black Dog Publishing. ISBN 9781911164074.
* Vincenzo Pietropaolo; Catherine Frazee; Wayne Johnston (2010). Invisible No More: A Photographic Chronicle of the Lives of People With Intellectual Disabilities. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813547688.
* Vincenzo Pietropaolo (2009). Harvest Pilgrims: Mexican and Caribbean Migrant Farm Workers in Canada. Between the Lines. ISBN 9781897071540.
* Vincenzo Pietropaolo; Preface by Nino Ricci (2006). Not Paved with Gold: Italian-Canadian Immigrants in The 1970s. Between the Lines. ISBN 9781897071083.
* Vincenzo Pietropaolo; Cecelia Elisabeth Burke Lawless (2002). Making Home in Havana. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813530949.
* Vincenzo Pietropaolo (photographs), Introductory essay by Sam Gindin (2000). Canadians at Work / Canadiens au travail. Canadian Auto Workers.
* Vincenzo Pietropaolo; Text by Jean Cochrane (2000). Kensington. Boston Mills Press. ISBN 9781896357225.
* Vincenzo Pietropaolo; Introduction by Catherine MacLeod (1999). Celebration of resistance: Ontario's Days of Action. Between the Lines. ISBN 9781896357225.
* Satu Repo with Giuliana Colalillo and Vincenzo Pietropaolo (1978). Marco and Michela (Where We Live). James Lorimer & Company. ISBN 9780888621726.
# State Bank of Saurashtra

The State Bank of Saurashtra was a government-owned bank in India, with its headquarters at Bhavnagar. It was one of the seven Associate Banks of the State Bank of India, with which it merged on 13 August 2008. At the time of the merger, the bank had a network of 423 branches spread over 15 states and the Union Territory of Daman and Diu.
Prior to 1948, the region of Saurashtra, which at present forms a part of Gujarat State, comprised many small, medium and large princely states. Bhavnagar, Rajkot, and Jamnagar, which were among the larger states, and two smaller states, Palitana and Vadia, had established their own Darbar (meaning Palace) Banks, the oldest of which was Bhavnagar Darbar Bank, established in 1902. These banks mainly catered to the needs of the governments of their respective princely states, and acted as depositories for local savings. After the establishment of Saurashtra state in 1948, there was a parallel amalgamation of these banks. The Bhavnagar Darbar Bank became the State Bank of Saurashtra, under the Saurashtra State Banks (Amalgamation) Ordinance, 1950 (renamed as the State Bank of Saurashtra Act, 1950 by the 3rd schedule of the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959), and the four Darbar Banks - Rajkot State Bank, Porbandar State Bank, Palitana Darbar Bank, and Vadia State Bank - were merged with it with effect from 1 July 1950 as its branches. At the close of 1950 the Bank had only 9 branches and deposits of Rs.7 crores.
In 1960, following the formation of a separate Gujarat State, the bank's main area of operation - Saurashtra - became a part of Gujarat. At the same time, the State Bank of India took over the State Bank of Saurashtra, along with the other major state-owned banks under the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959. By this time, the number of branches had increased to 24, with aggregate deposits of Rs.13.39 crores, total advances of Rs.7.93 crores, and an investment portfolio of Rs.8.04 crores. The paid up capital and reserves were Rs.1.51 crores. The bank also had 866 employees.
The bank's first chairman was Jagubhai S. Parikh, and he served until 1960. He was the Deputy Chief Minister of Bhavnagar State Cabinet and was the first Finance Minister in the post-Independence Saurashtra Cabinet.
# Orchestina setosa

Orchestina setosa is a spider species found in France and Italy.
# WMG Academy for Young Engineers

See:
* WMG Academy for Young Engineers, Coventry
* WMG Academy for Young Engineers, Solihull
# Victoriano Castellanos

Victoriano Castellanos Cortes (1795–1862) was President of Honduras from 4 February 1862 to 4 December 1862.

## Biography

Victoriano Castellanos Corte was born in Santa Rosa de Copan on 23 March 1795. He was educated by the Catholic parish priest Pedro Antonio Pineda, and worked as a miner before becoming a politician.
On 3 February 1860, he was elected Vice President of Honduras, the president being the General Jose Santos Guardiola, who was killed in Comayagua on 11 January 1862 by his own Presidential Guard. Mr. Victoriano became the provisional president of the nation on February 4 of that year, in the town of Guarita, today part of the Department of Lempira. When returning from traveling in the Republic of El Salvador, he transferred the capital of the Honduras from Comaguya to Santa Rosa. The Government House was situated on the opposite corner of the Central Market, on the North side. After some time passed as president, he decided to move the capital back to Comayagua.
In addition to Decree No. 3 in which it is ordered that the nation should be called "Republic of Honduras" instead of the State of Honduras, he also signed other decrees which created the Department of Islas de la Bahia (Bay Islands). He ordered the construction of schools in the cities of Danli and another in Tegucigalpa.
Castellanos died on 11 December 1862 in Comayagua.
# Perotrochus oishii

Perotrochus oishii is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pleurotomariidae, the slit snails.

## Description

The shell grows to a length of 70 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the East China Sea and off Japan.
# State Bank of Pakistan Museum & Art Gallery

State Bank of Pakistan Museum & Art Gallery is a museum on Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar Road in Karachi, established in 2004 to introduce the first Monetary Museum of Pakistan. The current State Bank of Pakistan Museum & Art Gallery building, previously the Imperial Bank of India, is a Greco Roman building in Jodhpuri Red Sandstone constructed in the 1920s by the British government. In 2004, the State Bank of Pakistan decided to adapt the building as a museum; work on the projects started in 2006 and was devoted to conservation of the building and acquisition of the collection.

## Collection
### Coins Gallery

The Coins Gallery displays the techniques with some original dies of coin making in Pakistan Mint, also include some old machines, the process of coin making along some tools, and a documentary covering the whole process of coin minting in Pakistan Mint. The Coin Gallery is divided into two parts, Pre Islamic Gallery and Islamic Gallery till to the Present-Day period Coinage.
The Pre Islamic Gallery exhibition starting from barter system, seals used as coins by Indus valley people, punch-marked coins dated from 6th century B.C. The pre Islamic Gallery also displays some uncommon bar copper and silver coins, Indo Greeks including an uncommon bronze coin of Alexander the Great and several other unique coins, Indo Scythians, Indo Parthian, Kushans, Guptas, Indo Sassanians, Hindu Shahis.
The Islamic Gallery exhibition starts from the coinage of Arab Governors of Sindh, some uncommon Sultanate coins, Mughal coins, later Mughals, British Indian, and then coinage after 1947.

### Currency Gallery

The Currency Gallery gives an overview of the origin of paper currency in the sub-continent, from early paper issues to polymer banknotes. The gallery of the museum displaying the history of Currency Notes in Pakistan and also includes the collection of historical, current and polymer banknotes of different countries around the world. The Currency Gallery includes the complete collection of Pakistani banknotes since its origination (1947–present).
# Robert Calderbank

Robert Calderbank (born 28 December 1954) is a professor of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Mathematics and director of the Information Initiative at Duke University. He received a BSc from Warwick University in 1975, an MSc from Oxford in 1976, and a PhD from Caltech in 1980, all in mathematics. He joined Bell Labs in 1980, and retired from AT&T Labs in 2003 as Vice President for Research and Internet and network systems. He then went to Princeton as a professor of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Applied and Computational Mathematics, before moving to Duke in 2010 to become Dean of Natural Sciences.
His contributions to coding and information theory won the IEEE Information Theory Society Paper Award in 1995 and 1999.
He was elected as a member into the US National Academy of Engineering in 2005 for leadership in communications research, from advances in algebraic coding theory to signal processing for wire-line and wireless modems. He also became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society in 2012.
Calderbank won the 2013 IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal and the 2015 Claude E. Shannon Award.
He was named a SIAM Fellow in the 2021 class of fellows, "for deep contributions to information theory".
He is married to Ingrid Daubechies.
# Ophonus stricticollis

Ophonus stricticollis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae, genus Ophonus, and subgenus Ophonus (Metophonus).
# Penanti (state constituency)

Penanti is a state constituency in Penang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Penang State Legislative Assembly.
The state constituency was first contested in 1974 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Penang State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system. Since 2013, the State Assemblywoman for Penanti is Norlela Ariffin from the Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR), which is part of the state's ruling coalition, Pakatan Harapan (PH).

## Definition
### Polling districts

According to the federal gazette issued on 30 March 2018, the Penanti constituency is divided into 12 polling districts.
| State constituency | Polling districts | Code | Location |
| Penanti (N12) | Guar Perahu | 044/12/01 | SMK Guar Perahu |
| Penanti (N12) | Kuala Mengkuang | 044/12/02 | SMK Guar Perahu Indah |
| Penanti (N12) | Telok Wang | 044/12/03 | Dewan Orang Ramai Kampong Tun Sardon Ara Kuda |
| Penanti (N12) | Mengkuang | 044/12/04 | SK Mengkuang |
| Penanti (N12) | Sungai Lembu | 044/12/05 | SJK (C) Kg. Sg. Lembu |
| Penanti (N12) | Penanti | 044/12/06 | SMK Mengkuang |
| Penanti (N12) | Kubang Ulu | 044/12/07 | SMK Penanti |
| Penanti (N12) | Sungai Semambu | 044/12/08 | SK Tanah Liat |
| Penanti (N12) | Tanah Liat Mukim 9 | 044/12/09 | SK Tanah Liat |
| Penanti (N12) | Berapit Road | 044/12/10 | SJK (C) Jit Sin A Jalan Berapit SJK (C) Jit Sin B Jalan Berapit |

## Demographics

Ethnic breakdown of Penanti's electorate as of 2023
Total electors by polling district in 2016 :
| Polling district | Electors |
| Guar Perahu | 2,395 |
| Kuala Mengkuang | 4,234 |
| Telok Wang | 692 |
| Mengkuang | 2,524 |
| Sungai Lembu | 529 |
| Penanti | 1,207 |
| Kubang Ulu | 1,651 |
| Sungai Semambu | 2,188 |
| Tanah Liat Mukim 9 | 2,352 |
| Berapit Road | 1,563 |
| Total | 19,335 |
| Source: Malaysian Election Commission ||

## History

Penang State Legislative Assemblyman for Penanti :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Permatang Pauh ||||
| 4th | 1974 – 1978 | Abdullah Mohamad @ Mahmud | BN (UMNO) |
| 5th | 1978 – 1982 | Abdullah Mohamad @ Mahmud | BN (UMNO) |
| 6th | 1982 – 1986 | Jusoh @ Yusoff Helmi Shafie | BN (UMNO) |
| 7th | 1986 – 1990 | Yahaya Jamaluddin | BN (UMNO) |
| 8th | 1990 – 1995 | Ahmad Saad | BN (UMNO) |
| 9th | 1995 – 1999 | Daud Taha | BN (UMNO) |
| 10th | 1999 – 2004 | Abdul Rahman Abdul Kadir | BA (KeADILan) |
| 11th | 2004 – 2008 | Abdul Jalil Abdul Majid | BN (UMNO) |
| 12th | 2008 – 2009 | Mohammad Fairus Khairuddin | PR (PKR) |
| 12th | 2009 - 2013 | Mansor Othman | PR (PKR) |
| 13th | 2013 – 2018 | Norlela Ariffin | PR (PKR) |
| 14th | 2018 – 2023 | Norlela Ariffin | PH (PKR) |
| 15th | 2023–present | Zulkefli Bakar | PN (BERSATU) |

## Election results

The electoral results for the Penanti state constituency are as follows.
# Masaki Izumi

Masaki Izumi (泉 正樹, Izumi Masaki, January 11, 1961) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 8-dan.

## Early life and apprenticeship

Izumi was born on January 11, 1961, in Nerima, Tokyo. He entered the Japan Shogi Association's apprentice school under the guidance of shogi professional Shigeru Sekine [ja] at the rank of 6-kyū in 1973. He was promoted to 1-dan in 1977 and obtained full professional status and the rank of 4-dan in August 1980.

## Shogi professional

Izumi is a member of the so-called Shōwa 55 group [ja] (55年組), a group of eight strong players that become professional in 1980–1981 (Year 55 of the Shōwa period) and won numerous shogi tournaments. Others in the group include Yoshikazu Minami, Osamu Nakamura, Michio Takahashi, Akira Shima, Hiroshi Kamiya, Yasuaki Tsukada, and Yūji Yoda [ja].
Izumi became the 51st shogi professional to win 600 official games when he defeated Kōichi Kinoshita in a 59th Ōi tournament preliminary round game on October 4, 2017.
In March 2019, Izumi voluntarily declared himself as a free class player, thus leaving the Meijin tournament league.

### Promotion history

Izumi's promotion history is as follows:
* 6-kyū: 1973
* 1-dan: 1977
* 4-dan: August 20, 1980
* 5-dan: April 26, 1985
* 6-dan: June 23, 1989
* 7-dan: October 9, 1997
* 8-dan: July 4, 2013

### Awards and honors

Izumi received the Japan Shogi Association's "25 Years Service Award" in 2005 in recognition of being an active professional for twenty-five years, and the "Shogi Honor Award" in 2017 in recognition of winning 600 official games as a professional.
# 1871 in association football

The following are events in 1871 which are relevant to the development of association football. Included are events in closely related codes, such as the Sheffield Rules.

## Events

* 25 February – England and Scotland play their third representative match at the Kennington Oval. It ends as a 1–1 draw.
* 20 July – At a meeting in London, Charles William Alcock and The Football Association lay down the creation of the FA Cup for the following season, which remains the oldest existing football tournament in the world.
* 11 November – The first round of FA Cup games is played. The competition's first goal is scored by Jarvis Kenrick for Clapham Rovers at West Ham Park.
* 18 November – England defeat Scotland 2–1 in their fourth representative match.

## Clubs founded
### England

* Horsham
* Reading
* Southall
* Old Etonians
* Turton
* Uxbridge
* Burton Wanderers
* Henley Town Football Club

## Births

* 9 January – Davie Russell (d. 1952), Scotland international in six matches (1895–1901).
* 10 February – Jimmy Miller (d. 1907), Scotland international forward in three matches. scoring two goals; won a total of six domestic league titles playing for Rangers and Sunderland.
* 11 July – Alex Leake (d. 1938), England international half-back in five matches (1904–1905).
* 27 July – Alexander King (d. 1957), Scotland international in six matches (1896–1899).
* 12 September – John Campbell (d. 1947), Scotland international forward in twelve matches (1893–1903), scoring four goals; won a total of six league titles in twelve seasons from 1892–93 to 1903–04, playing for Celtic, Aston Villa and Third Lanark.
* 23 December – Jimmy Crabtree (d. 1908), England international defender in fourteen matches (1894–1902); won three league titles with Aston Villa.
# Perotti

Perotti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Angelica Le Gru Perotti (1719–1776), Italian painter
* Diego Perotti (born 1988), Argentine footballer
* Fulvia Miani Perotti (1844–1931), Italian writer
* Giovanni Domenico Perotti (1761–1825), Italian composer
* José Perotti Ronzoni (1898–1956), Chilean sculptor
* Juan Perotti (born 1992), Argentine footballer
* Niccolò Perotti (1429–1480), Italian humanist and author
* Omar Perotti (born 1959), Argentine politician
# Vittorio Calestani

Vittorio Emanuele Vincenzo Giuseppe Calestani (1882 – 1949) was an Italian botanist at the University of Modena, whose work included a classification system for angiosperms.

## Selected publications
### Books

* Come si studiano le piante: manuale di botanica pratica (1932) Società Editrice "La Scuola", 733 pp.
* Origini della razza italiana: fondamenti della politica razzista (1941) Vol. 26 de Manuali di politica internazionale. Istituto per gli studi di politica internazionale, 298 pp.
* Natura in maschera: mimetismo e appariscenza negli animali e nelle piante (1947) Garzanti, 493 pp.

### Other

* Contributo alla sistematica della Ombrellifere D'Europa (1905) Pubblicazione U. Martelli "Webbia"
* La vegetazione nei dintorni d' Orvieto (1907) Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. (14 ): 546-574
* Mimetismo vegetale (1947) Natura in mascliera, Milano, Garzanti
See also Taxon. Lit., ed. 2 (TL2), ICCU

## Legacy

Vittorio Calestani is the authority for 37 taxa, such as Arabis cardamine Calest.
# PC Party

PC Party may refer to:
* Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, a former federal party which merged into the Conservative Party of Canada in 2003
** Progressive Conservative Party (disambiguation), various other Canadian political parties
* Progressive Canadian Party, a minor party formed 2004 after the dissolution of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
# Stearidonic acid

Stearidonic acid (SDA: C$_{18}$H$_{28}$O$_2$; 18:4, n-3) is an ω-3 fatty acid, sometimes called moroctic acid.

## Biosynthesis

It is biosynthesized from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA: C$_{18}$H$_{30}$O$_2$; 18:3, n-3) by the enzyme delta-6-desaturase, which removes two hydrogen (H) atoms.
Stearidonic acid is a precursor to eicosapentaenoic acid.
As it is a precursor to other fatty acids, there has been efforts to enhance the content off stearidonic acid in various crops, such as soybeans.
SDA is also a precursor to N-acylethanolamine (NAEs). Natural sources of this fatty acid are the seed oils of hemp, blackcurrant, corn gromwell, and Echium plantagineum, and the cyanobacterium Spirulina. SDA can also be synthesized in a lab. A GMO soybean source is approved by the European Food Safety Authority.