OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St Helen's Square

St Helen's Square is an open space in the city centre of York, England.

## History

During the Roman era, Eboracum's south-western gate, the porta praetoria, lay where the square is now.
Until the mid-18th century much of the space was occupied by the graveyard of St Helen's, Stonegate. The streets of Stonegate and Davygate ran either side of the graveyard, meeting Coney Street at a junction known as Cuckold's Corner. In addition a footpath ran across the graveyard, linking Davygate with the junction of Stonegate and Blake Street.
In 1745 St Helen's was given a plot of land on Davygate for use as a new graveyard and the old graveyard was paved over to form St Helen's Square. In the early 20th century the square was enlarged to the south-east, giving it a more regular, rectangular, shape.
The York Tavern, built on the square in 1770, became one of two main departure points for stagecoaches to London. By 1818 Terry's had set up its shop on the square and it remained there, later also operating as a restaurant, until 1980.
In winter the square is now the location of a large Christmas tree and the city's Christmas lights are turned on in a ceremony held in the square. The square is also a popular location for demonstrations and rallies. 0

## Layout and architecture

The square is an important junction, with Coney Street leading from its southern corner, Lendal from the west, both Blake Street and Stonegate from the north and Davygate from the east.
The south-western side of the square is occupied by the Mansion House and there is also access to the York Guildhall, which can be seen through a gateway. On the north-western side Harkers was constructed for the Yorkshire Insurance Company, and the York County Savings Bank Building was also built in the mid-19th century for a local institution. Both are listed, as is the former Terry's building at 3 St Helen's Square. The 18th-century Number 7, on the north-eastern side, is also listed, with the remainder of this side occupied by St Helen's Church. Numbers 2-8, occupying the south-eastern side, were built in 1929 and are also listed. Part of the building is occupied by Bettys tea rooms.
# Validation master plan

A Validation Master Plan, also referred to as "VMP", outlines the principles involved in the qualification of a facility, defining the areas and systems to be validated, and provides a written program for achieving and maintaining a qualified facility. A VMP is the foundation for the validation program and should include process validation, facility and utility qualification and validation, equipment qualification, cleaning and computer validation. It is a key document in the GMP (Good manufacturing practice) regulated pharmaceutical industry as it drives a structured approach to validation projects.
Food and Drug Administration inspectors often look at VMPs during audits to see whether or not a facility's validation strategy is well thought-out and organized. A VMP should have logical reasoning for including or excluding every system associated with a validation project based on a risk assessment.

## Format

The GAMP 5 standard recommends an approach to the creation of the plan.
Topics commonly covered include: Introduction, scope, responsibilities, description of facility and design, building and plant Layout, cleanrooms and associated controlled environments, storage areas, personnel, personnel and material Flow, water and solid waste handling, infrastructure and utilities, water system, ventilation and air-conditioning system, clean steam, compressed air, gases and vacuum system, list manufacturing equipment, building management systems, products that are planned to be validated, qualification/validation approach, process validation and cleaning validation approach, microbiological monitoring, computer Validation, calibration, maintenance, related SOPs.
# Varkey Kattarath

Varkey Kattarath (13 October 1851 - 24 October 1931) was the founder of the Vincentian Congregation in Kerala, India.

## Life

Varkey Kattarath was born in Poonjar. He was ordained as a diocesan priest after his seminary formation at Mannanam and Pala. He served a number of parishes including Thathampally, Edamattam, Kanjirapally, Vilakkumadam, Angamaly, Ollur, Ezhupunna and Vaikom. He was also the chaplain to many convents such as the Carmelite convents at Mutholy and Vaikom and, Adoration convent founded by Mar Thomas Kurialacherry at Champakara.
He fell seriously ill in 1927 and was administered the last sacrament, but he later recovered from the sickness.

## Beginning of the Vincentian Congregation

Kattarath conveyed his wish to become a religious brother to Louis Pazheparambil, after he had served at various parishes as vicar in the diocese. Three other diocesan priests also joined Kattarath at Thottakam near Vaikom. Pazheparambil suggested them to follow the rule of Vincent de Paul and thus the congregation came into existence on November 20, 1904.
Even though the pioneers had started the community life, they found it difficult to lead a stable community life because of different reasons, and eventually it was dispersed in 1915.
In July 1927 the congregation was revived when Augustine Kandathil, the first archbishop of Ernakulam - Angamaly diocese granted the request of the priests George Mannara, Antony Pauvathil and George Vattamkandathil to lead a religious life in the same house in a village in Thottakam. Kattarath joined them in October 1927. Kattarath took his first vows on July 20, 1929, and perpetual vows on July 19, 1931. Not long after he professed his perpetual vows, he died on October 24, 1931; his remains were buried in the Thottakom St. Gregorious Church.

## Cause of canonization

Kattarath was declared a Servant of God on 5 February 2020. As of 2021, the diocesan inquiry for his cause of beatification and canonization is in progress.
# Varkey Foundation

The Varkey Foundation, initially the Varkey GEMS Foundation, is the nonprofit arm of GEMS Education, an education management company. It was formed in 2010 by Indian businessman Sunny Varkey, GEMS chairman.
The Varkey Foundation has partnered with a variety of major global organizations including UNESCO, UNICEF, and the Clinton Global Initiative. It gives out the Global Teacher Prize, a US$1 million award.

## History

The foundation was formed by Sunny Varkey in 2010 as the philanthropic arm of GEMS Education, and was initially called the Varkey GEMS Foundation. Its stated intention is to impact 100 impoverished children for every child enrolled at GEMS schools. Bill Clinton was involvement at the official launch of the foundation.
Sunny Varkey is chairman of the Varkey Foundation. The foundation's trustees are Sunny Varkey, as well as his sons Dino and Jay Varkey.
The foundation has a Teacher Training Programme in under-served communities.
In 2013, the foundation launched the annual Global Education and Skills Forum, in partnership with UNESCO and the UAE Ministry of Education. Bill Clinton gave the inaugural keynote address at the 2013 summit.
In October 2013, the foundation published the Global Teacher Status Index, a 53-page study on the public and social status of teachers in 21 countries around the world.

### Global Teacher Prize

In order to raise the status of teaching, at the second annual Global Education and Skills Forum in March 2014, the foundation launched the Global Teacher Prize, an annual $1 million award to an exceptional teacher who has made an outstanding contribution to the profession.
# Varming

Varming may refer:
* Hanne Varming (born 1939), Danish sculptor and medallist.
* Steensen Varming, Danish engineering firm
# Vehicle registration plates of Melilla

Melilla requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current plates are European standard 520 mm × 110 mm, and use Spanish stamping dies.
| Image | First issued | Design | Slogan | Serial format | Serials issued | Notes |
# Veit Heinichen

Veit Heinichen (born 1957, in Villingen-Schwenningen) is a German novelist.
Heinichen studied economics at Stuttgart University, and then worked in publishing. In 1994 together with Arnulf Conradi, chief editor at S. Fischer Verlag, and Conradi's wife Elisabeth Ruge, Heinichen was cofounder of Berlin Verlag [de]. He remained a director until 1999.
Heinichen writes noir novels featuring Commissario Proteo Laurenti as main character. Like his protagonist, he currently lives in Trieste.

## Works

Currently the novels of Veit Heinichen are available in 10 different languages. English is not yet one of them. Here is a list of the original works:
* Gib jedem seinen eigenen Tod. Zsolnay, Wien 2001
* Die Toten vom Karst. Zsolnay, Wien 2002
* Tod auf der Warteliste. Zsolnay, Wien 2003
* Der Tod wirft lange Schatten. Zsolnay, Wien 2005
* Triest, Stadt der Winde. Sanssouci, München 2005
* Totentanz. Zsolnay, Wien 2007
* Die Ruhe des Stärkeren. Zsolnay, Wien 2009
* Keine Frage des Geschmacks. Zsolnay, Wien 2011
* Im eigenen Schatten. Zsolnay, Wien 2013
The first four novels plus Totentanz were filmed for the German ARD television series Commissario Laurenti (2006–2009).
In 2014 he acted with the part of a writer in the film-comedy Sexy Shop.
# Velda Johnston

Velda Johnston (1912–1997) was an American writer of Gothic Romance novels. She also wrote under the pseudonym Veronica Jason. She was raised and educated in Pasadena, California where she sold her first short story as a high school student. She went on to UCLA on a scholarship, where she majored in journalism and wrote articles for the UCLA newspaper.

## Working life

In the early 1950s, she and her husband, Robert Heslop, moved to New York. There they divided their time between an apartment in Manhattan and a nineteenth-century farmhouse in Sag Harbor on eastern Long Island that was once the home of Samuel Tribie Hildreth Jr., a whaler turned Argonaut of '49.
Johnston's work, both fiction and non-fiction, appeared in scores of magazines in the United States and abroad over a 40-year period. In her writing, she provides examples of young women who seek happiness and fulfillment in an assertive, independent manner. Her early novels were set in the United States, but her later novels usually had foreign settings.
A Howling in the Woods was made into a television movie in 1971 and starred Barbara Eden and Larry Hagman.
# Velilla de los Oteros

Velilla de los Oteros is a hamlet and minor local entity located in the municipality of Pajares de los Oteros, in León province, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 31.

## Geography

Velilla de los Oteros is located 32km south-southeast of León, Spain.
# Vatos Locos

Vatos Locos is a Chicano slang term that means "crazy Dudes". It is also used as the name of multiple small gangs around the USA, Canada and Mexico. Many "Vatos Locos" use the colors red, black, green or brown.
The film Blood In Blood Out (1993) which was written by poet Jimmy Santiago Baca, is based on the experiences of gang members of a fictional gang called Vatos Locos.
The video game Call of Juarez: The Cartel features a fictional Vatos Locos gang.
# Vehicle Information and Communication System

Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS) is a technology used in Japan for delivering traffic and travel information to road vehicle drivers. It provides simple maps showing information about traffic jams, travel time, and road work - usually relevant to your location and usually incorporating infrared beacons.
It can be compared with the European TMC technology.
VICS is transmitted using:
* FM multiplex broadcasting (uses DARC). With this method, you have to manually select road conditions on-screen.
* Infrared beacons over Japan's highways and urban roads. With this method, road conditions automatically pop up.
* Microwaves in the ISM band.
It is an application of ITS.
The VICS information can be displayed on the car navigation unit at 3 levels:
* Level-1: Simple text data
* Level-2: In form of simple diagrams
* Level-3: Data superimposed on the map displayed on navigation unit (e.g., traffic congestion data)
Information transmitted generally includes traffic congestion data, data on availability of service areas (SA) and parking areas (PA), information on road works and traffic collisions.
Some advanced navigation units might utilize this data for route calculation (e.g., choosing a route to avoid congestion) or the driver might use his/her own discretion while using this information.
# Velasgutto de Ayala

Belasgytto, Vela el Santo or Velasco was the legendary founder of the house of Ayala. He is said by an Ayala history dating from the fourteenth century to have been son of Sancho Ramirez of Navarre, sent to the marches of Biscay. There he or his son are said to have received the Ayala lands as vassal of king Alfonso VI of Castile. While a descent from the Kings of Aragon is unsupportable and the true origins of the Ayala in the region seem to predate the time of Sancho and Alfonso, it has been speculated that this may reflect a confused memory of feudal links to the similarly named King of Viguera, Sancho Ramírez of Viguera.
The House of Lords in Ayala, supposedly founded by him, produced many prominent and distinguished royal officials of the Spanish/Castilian military class, and renowned figures in the Arts. The best known was Pero Lopez de Ayala.
# Vellakinar

Vellakinar is one of the localities of the Coimbatore city in Tamil Nadu, India. Vellakinar is located on the stretch of Mettupalayam road in Coimbatore. Neighbouring places of Vellakinar are Thudiyalur, Goundampalayam, GN Mills(Gnanambikai Mills). Tamil Nadu Housing Board colony, Sreevatsa Gardens, Samathuvapuram and Meenakshi Gardens, Coimbatore are main residential areas in Vellakinar panchayat. Vellakinar was added to the Coimbatore municipal corporation.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 India census, Vellakinar had a population of 9609. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Vellakinar has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 67%. In Vellakinar, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Vellakinar South Solai Pond

Vellakinar South Solai Pond is around 6.5 acres, which is not maintained properly and not filled with water.
# Verrucous

Verrucous (appearing like a wart or "verruca") can refer to:
* Verrucous carcinoma
* Verrucous lupus erythematosus
* Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
* Verrucous perforating collagenoma
* Verrucous cyst
* Verrucous vascular malformation
* Unilateral palmoplantar verrucous nevus
# Verite

Verite may refer to:
* Vérité (born 1990), American pop singer
* Verité Research, an independent interdisciplinary think tank
* Verite Film Festival (Kashmir), an Indian film festival
* Verite (Dune), a fictional drug from Frank Herbert's Dune novel series
* Cinéma vérité, a style of documentary filmmaking
* Radio Verite, a New Jersey Haitian radio station
* Vérité, a Haitian political party
# Verities & Balderdash

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Tom Hull | D |
Verities & Balderdash is the fourth studio album by the American singer/songwriter Harry Chapin, released in 1974. (see 1974 in music). "Cat's in the Cradle" was Chapin's highest-charting single, finishing at number 38 for the year on the 1974 Billboard year-end Hot 100 chart. The follow-up single, "I Wanna Learn a Love Song," charted on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Chart at number 44, and Billboard Adult Contemporary at number 7. A promotional single, "What Made America Famous?", was released to radio stations as a 45 rpm single. The album was certified Gold on December 17, 1974.
The album was advertised with the slogan: "As only Harry can tell it."

## Track listing

All tracks written by Harry Chapin, except where noted.

## Personnel

Band
* Harry Chapin - guitar, lead vocals
* John Tropea - acoustic guitar, sitar
* Don Payne - bass
* Allan Schwartzberg - drums
* Don Grolnick - piano, electric piano, harpsichord
* Ron Bacchiocchi - synthesizer
* Irving Spice - concertmaster
* George Simms - background vocals
* Frank Simms - background vocals
* Dave Kondziela - background vocals
* Zizi Roberts - female vocals
Production
* Ron Bacchiocchi - recording engineer
* Grant Ames - recording engineer
* Paul Leka - mixing
* Fred Kewley - mixing
* Glen Christensen - art direction
* Bill Hofman - illustration
* Ruth Bernal - photography
* Shiah Grumet - design

## Charts and certifications
### Certifications

| Region | Certification | Sales |
| United States | 2× Platinum | 2,500,000 |
| Canada | 2× Platinum | 200,000 |
# Vicky Jardim

Vicky Jardim is an Australian television journalist and presenter. She is currently a journalist for Nine News Sydney.

## Career

Jardim is a reporter and presenter for Nine News Sydney with more than 20 years experience.
After six years in Nine News Melbourne, Jardim relocated home to Sydney in August 2014.
As well as a reporter for the Sydney 6pm News, Jardim is a regular presenter of Nine News Early Edition, Nine News Now, the morning and afternoon bulletins and the late night updates.
Jardim previously worked for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Melbourne as a national television and radio reporter, filing stories for Lateline, the 7pm News and 774 radio bulletins.
She also filled-in as a presenter/producer on the ABC's Asia Pacific News. With a keen interest in economics, she worked on the ABC's National Finance Desk.
Jardim has covered a wide range of stories from the Martin Place siege to the Black Saturday bushfires, Office of Police Integrity hearings and underworld murders. Among the highlights of her career were reporting at the 2006 Melbourne Commonwealth Games and hosting a live broadcast at the Dame Elisabeth Murdoch State Memorial Service.
Jardim graduated from the University of Queensland with a Bachelor of Journalism. While studying, she completed a cadetship at Channel 7 in Brisbane and then joined Channel 9, Brisbane as a script assistant.
Her first reporting job as a young journalist was at WIN Television, where after a year she was promoted to reporter/bureau chief.
She is now a reporter and journalist for Nine News Sydney.

## Personal life

She is married to Citigroup’s managing director Dragi Ristevski.
# Victor J. Matthews

Victor John Matthews (29 January 1941 – 28 November 2004) was an Irish-Canadian classical scholar. He is known for his publication of text and commentaries on Panyassis of Halikarnassos (1974) and Antimachus of Colophon (1996). He also wrote several articles on Hellenistic Poetry and Ancient Sport.
Matthews was born in Derry, Northern Ireland and studied at Foyle College, Queen's University Belfast, and McMaster University. He taught at the University of Guelph from 1965 until his death.
# Verticordia sect. Corymbiformis

Verticordia sect. Corymbiformis is one of eleven sections in the subgenus Verticordia. It includes five species of plants in the genus Verticordia. Plants in this section are mostly compact shrubs 0.3–1 m (1–3 ft) tall with a constricted floral cup, fringed or divided sepal lobes and dense heads of small flowers. When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991 he formally described this section, publishing the description in the journal Nuytsia. The name Corymbiformis is derived from the Latin word corymbus meaning "a bunch of flowers"$^{:214}$ and the suffix -formis meaning "shaped"$^{:46}$ referring to the flower arrangement of the species in this section.
The type species for this section is Verticordia brownii and the other four species are V. polytricha, V. densiflora, V. eriocephala and V. capillaris.
# Verticordia sect. Micrantha

Verticordia sect. Micrantha is one of eleven sections in the subgenus Verticordia. It includes three species of plants in the genus Verticordia. Plants in this section small shrubs with tiny flowers smelling faintly like mice. The floral cup has five ribs on its sides. When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991 he formally described this section, publishing the description in the journal Nuytsia. The name Micrantha is derived from the Ancient Greek mikros meaning "small"$^{:522}$ and anthos meaning "flower"$^{:338}$ in reference to the small flowers of plants in this section.
The type species for this section is Verticordia minutiflora and the other two species are V. vicinella and V. fastigiata.
# Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend-Ypres (Chamber of Representatives constituency)

Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend-Ypres was a constituency used to elect members of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives between 1995 and 2003.

## Representatives

| Election | Representative (Party) | Representative (Party) | Representative (Party) | Representative (Party) | Representative (Party) | Representative (Party) | Representative (Party) | Representative (Party) | Representative (Party) | Representative (Party) |
| 1995 | Formed from a merger of Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend and Ypres | Formed from a merger of Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend and Ypres | Formed from a merger of Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend and Ypres | Formed from a merger of Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend and Ypres | Formed from a merger of Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend and Ypres | Formed from a merger of Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend and Ypres | Formed from a merger of Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend and Ypres | Formed from a merger of Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend and Ypres | Formed from a merger of Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend and Ypres | Formed from a merger of Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend and Ypres |
| 1995 | | Aimé Desimpel (VLD) | | Ferdinand Ghesquière (CVP) | | Johan Vande Lanotte (PS) | | Martial Lahaye (VLD) | | Yves Leterme (CVP) |
| 1999 | Frans Verhelst (VLD) | | Koen Bultinck (VB) | Patrick Lansens (PS) | | | | Martial Lahaye (VLD) | | Yves Leterme (CVP) |
# Vichar Nag

Located on the suburbs of Srinagar, Vichar Nag is a locality that gets its name from an ancient Shiva temple. Famous Anchar Lake is close to this. Vichar Nag is mentioned several times in the history of Kashmir, including the famous 'Rajtaragni' by Kalhan.

## Vichar Nag Temple

Vichar Nag has spring and two old Shiva temples.

### History

Vichar Nag was seat of discussion (hence the name, Vichar) and it was in this temple that Kashmiri Brahmins used to discuss Panchang. It is said Jagat Guru Shankaracharya also visited this temple for discussion.
Kashmir has been always a seat of learning and it is believed that The 2nd Fourth Buddhist Council (Sarvastivada tradition) is said to have been convened by the Kushan emperor Kanishka (r. 127-151 CE), perhaps in 78 CE at Vichar Nag in Kashmir.
Before 1990, on Chaitra Amavasiya, the last day of Kashmiri calendar, a festival was celebrated at this place. On this day, devotees used to take a bath in the holy spring and there after performed puja in the Shiva Temple known as ‘Vichar Saheb’.

### Architecture

One temple is made of chiselled and dressed devri stones. There are two springs with the main big spring as the centre of attraction and sanctity. The spring has a length of 430 feet and breadth of 35 feet. Big sized ‘Devri’ stones have been used for construction of stairs to the spring on the west and south sides. There is no access on north and east sides.
In the middle of the spring there is a stone cylinder of about 3 feet height with a Shivalingam resting on it. Before the exodus of Kashmir Pandits in 1990 the water from the spring used to come out in the shape of a small brook, joining the other brook called ‘Mukhta Pukhri'. After covering a sizeable distance the water used to flow into Lake Anchar.

#### Current situation

Till early 1990s from the time immemorial, the spring water contained many fish. The other feature of the spring is that the water turns ice cold in summer and lukewarm in winter.
The 1990s saw the exodus of almost all the Hindus of Vicharnag and the temple went into disrepair due to lack of maintenance. In the vicinity of Vichar Nag, there were many springs earlier, which have been lost over the time, largely due to encroachments by the local population.