OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project

The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project is a project, somewhat along the lines of AMIP or CMIP, to coordinate and encourage the systematic study of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) and to assess their ability to simulate large climate changes such as those that occurred in the distant past. Project goals include identifying common responses of AGCMs to imposed paleoclimate "boundary conditions," understanding the differences in model responses, comparing model results with paleoclimate data, and providing AGCM results for use in helping in the analysis and interpretation of paleoclimate data. PMIP is initially focussing on the mid-Holocene (6,000 years before present) and the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 yr BP) because climatic conditions were remarkably different at those times, and because relatively large amounts of paleoclimate data exist for these periods. The major "forcing" factors are also relatively well known at these times. Some of the paleoclimate features simulated by models in previous studies seem consistent with paleoclimatic data, but others do not. One of the goals of PMIP is to determine which results are model-dependent. The PMIP experiments are limited to studying the equilibrium response of the atmosphere (and such surface characteristics as snow cover) to changes in boundary conditions (e.g., insolation, ice-sheet distribution, CO$_2$ concentration, etc.)
# Palette (EP)

Palette is the debut mini-album of Japanese voice actor and J-Pop singer, Nobuhiko Okamoto. It was released in Japan on 23 May 2012 on Kiramune.

## Summary

Two types of release Edition luxury and board, DVD was recorded making and PV of future sketch is included in the former. In addition, message card is enclosed as Limited benefits of various.
According to Okamoto, the title "Palette" refers to the intention of wanting to enjoy the different shades of all six songs.
The album was charted 9th on the Oricon and was sold over 0.6 million copies.

## Song information

* "Positive Fighter" - Because of the up-tempo, while recording, the songs note also has a different pitch in the outside.
* "Eien Tokei (永遠時計, lit. "Eternal clock")" - Okamoto's Adult contemporary medium ballad.

## Track listing
### DVD (only First Press Limited Edition)

* 未来スケッチ -Music Video-
* making of 未来スケッチ
* TRAILER

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position | Sales |
| Oricon Weekly Albums | 6 (Daily Albums) 9 (Weekly Albums) | 6 million |
| Billboard JAPAN Top Albums | 8 | 6 million |
| Nielsen SoundScan | 13 | 6 million |
# Palacio del Infantado, Guadalajara

The Palace of El Infantado (Spanish: Palacio del Infantado) is a palace located in Guadalajara, Spain. An example of the Isabelline architectural style, it dates from the 15th century and was the seat of the Dukes of the Infantado.

## Conservation and access

The building has been protected by a heritage listing, currently Bien de Interés Cultural, since 1914, but was one of a number of buildings in Guadalajara which suffered damage in the Spanish Civil War. Since 1973, it houses the Museum of Guadalajara.
# Palín

Palín may refer to:
* Palin (game), a traditional game of the Mapuche people
* Palín, Escuintla, municipality in the Escuintla Department of Guatemala
* Palín, Michalovce District, village in the Michalovce District of Slovakia
# Pamela Medlen

Pamela Medlen is a Western Australian journalist, reporter, and news presenter. Since September 2020, she has presented ABC News on Monday-Thursday evenings.
Medlen grew up on her family's farm in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, before moving to Perth to study journalism at Curtin University. While studying, she worked at Curtin Radio.
After completing her degree Medlen travelled overseas, working in London and moving around Europe for a year and a half. She returned to Perth and worked for suburban newspapers. She won a WA Youth Award for reporting, and was awarded as Community Newspaper Group's best journalist.
In 2006, Medlen began working at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation; she has been a reporter and producer, as well as reading the weekend news bulletins, before replacing James McHale in September 2020 as the presenter of the flagship weekday evening news.
Medlen was a master of ceremonies for TEDx Perth in 2012.

## Personal life

Medlen lives in Bayswater with her long-term partner and their two dogs.
# Paola Giuliano

Paola Giuliano (Italy ,1972) is an economist and currently the Chauncey J. Medberry Chair in Management at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Giuliano is a research affiliate at the Centre for Economic Policy Research, a research fellow at the Institute of Labour Economics (IZA) and a research associate at the NBER. In 2004, she won the Young Economic Award from the European Economic Association, which has also elected her fellow.

## Career and education

She obtained a B.A. and M.A. from Bocconi University and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 2003. From 2003 to 2008, she was an economist at the International Monetary Fund. During her tenure at the IMF, she was also a visiting scholar at Harvard University from 2006 to 2008. In 2008, she joined the Anderson School of Management at UCLA where she stayed until now. In 2016-2017 she was a visiting associate professor at Harvard University.

## Research

Giuliano mainly researches Cultural Economics, Social Economics and Political Economy. Her works have been cited over 14,000 times and she is the 70th most influential woman in economics according to her citation count on IDEAS. She has published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, The Review of Economics Studies and the Journal of the European Economic Association.
Her work on culture has been recognized in the profession and she was asked to write a review article on "Culture and Institutions" in the Journal of Economics Literature along with Alberto Alesina.
Her research has been featured in Washington Post, Financial Times, The Guardian, New York Times, The Economist, Corriere della Sera, Le Figaro, Forbes and CNBC.

## Selected bibliography

* Alesina, Alberto; Giuliano, Paola; Nunn, Nathan (2013). "On the Origins of Gender Roles: Women and the Plough". Quarterly Journal of Economics. 128 (2): 469–530
* Alesina, Alberto; Giuliano, Paola (2015). "Culture and Institutions". Journal of Economic Literature. 53 (4): 898–944.
* Giuliano, Paola (2007). "Living Arrangements in Western Europe: Does Cultural Origin Matter?". Journal of the European Economic Association. 5 (5): 927–952.
# Pappilan neidot

Pappilan neidot (Finnish: The Damsels of the Vicarage) is a historical novel by Finnish author Kaari Utrio.
# Papajohn

Papajohn is a surname, possibly derived from the Greek Papagiannis (Παπαγιάννης). It may refer to:
* Michael Papajohn (born 1964), American actor and stuntman
* George Papajohn, writer for the Chicago Tribune
# National All-Star Academic Tournament

The National All-Star Academic Tournament (NASAT) is a national quizbowl tournament for state-based high school all-star teams held every June by International Quiz Bowl Tournaments. The current reigning champion is Illinois.

## History

The tournament was founded in 2009 with an initial event date of June 12–13, 2010. Originally, it was designed as an alternative to other all-star academic competitions.
The tournament has been held at Vanderbilt University, the University of Maryland, Ohio State University, and the University of Kentucky.
From 2012 to 2018, The National History Bee and Bowl awarded the National Quizbowl Awards at NASAT.
On March 17, 2020, IQBT announced that the 2020 iteration of NASAT would be cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Qualification

All-star teams representing any U.S. state (or equivalents such as Washington, D.C., Guam and Canadian provinces, etc.) apply to IQBT for entry into the field and are selected based on team strength.

## Format

Teams typically play in a round-robin, with additional playoff rounds being held depending on the number of teams attending. Games are played in a tossup/bonus format.

## List of Champions

| Year | Host | Champion | Second | Third |
| 2010 | Vanderbilt University | Pennsylvania | South Carolina | Illinois |
| 2011 | University of Maryland | Texas | Illinois | Ohio |
| 2012 | Ohio State University | California | Illinois | New York |
| 2013 | Ohio State University | Missouri | Texas | California |
| 2014 | Ohio State University | Texas | Illinois | California |
| 2015 | Ohio State University | California | Virginia | Illinois |
| 2016 | University of Kentucky | Illinois | California | Ohio A |
| 2017 | University of Kentucky | Illinois A | New York | Texas A |
| 2018 | University of Kentucky | Illinois A | Virginia A | California A |
| 2019 | University of Kentucky | Illinois A | Ohio A | Texas |
| 2020 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 2021 | Online | Illinois Blue | Georgia | Ohio |
| 2022 | Online | New Jersey A | Illinois Blue | Missouri A |
| 2023 | Online | Illinois Blue | California | Illinois White |
# Magical Kenya Ladies Open

The Magical Kenya Ladies Open is a professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour, first played in 2019.
The tournament is played in Kenya at Vipingo Ridge, near Kikambala in the former Coast Province. It was the last Ladies European Tour event of the 2019 season and marked the first time professional lady golfers played competitively in the region.
In 2022, following a two-year hiatus due to the pandemic, Germany's Esther Henseleit successfully defended her title.
In 2024, Shannon Tan won the tournament in her LET debut to become the first Singaporean to win on the LET.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Country | Score | Margin of victory | Winner's share (€) | Runner(s)-up |
| 2024 | Shannon Tan | Singapore | 280 (−12) | 4 strokes | 45,000 | Alessandra Fanali |
| 2023 | Aditi Ashok | India | 280 (−12) | 9 strokes | 45,000 | April Angurasaranee Alice Hewson |
| 2022 | Esther Henseleit | Germany | 286 (−2) | 1 stroke | 45,000 | Marta Sanz Barrio |
| 2020–2021: No tournament due to the COVID-19 pandemic |||||||
| 2019 | Esther Henseleit | Germany | 274 (−14) | 1 stroke | 45,000 | Aditi Ashok |
# Erik Wroldsen

Erik Wroldsen (born 19 March 1973 in Arendal, Norway) is a heavy metal drummer. His main band was the industrial metal band Red Harvest (band).

## Discography
### Decadence

* DECADENCE (Demo) – 1990
* GUNSLINGER (Demo) – 1991
* DANCING ON THE EDGE OF DAWN (Demo) – 1992

### Trivial Act

* A GATHERING… of 8 Norwegian Prog. Metal Bands – 1995
* MINDSCAPE – 1997
* SILENT SAND OF DREAMS - 2022
* MYSTIC SIGNALS - 2022
* CHANGE - 2023

### Red Harvest

* NEW RAGE WORLD MUSIC – 1998
* Cold Dark Matter – 2000
* New World Rage Music – 2001
* Sick Transit Gloria Mundi – 2002
* Internal Punishment Programs – 2004
* Harvest Bloody Harvest (DVD) 18. September – 2006
* A Greater Darkness – 2007
* The Red Line Archives – 2008
* Anarchaos Divine: The Trinity of the Soundtrack to the Apocalypse - 2014

### Other

* A NORWEGIAN TRIBUTE TO THE RAMONES (1 Song) – 2005
# Uttar, Tank

Uttar is an administrative unit, known as Union council, of Tank District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
District Tank has 1 Tehsils i.e. Tank. Each tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 16 union councils in district Tank.
# Loka pri Framu

Loka pri Framu (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Rače–Fram in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the Pohorje Hills to the west of Fram. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Loka to Loka pri Framu in 1955.
# Sandip Roy

Sandip Roy may refer to:
# Lottia cubensis

Lottia cubensis is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lottiidae, one of the families of true limpets.
# Tom Egan

Thomas Patrick Egan (born June 9, 1946) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher from 1965 through 1975 for the California Angels and the Chicago White Sox. On September 28, 1974, he caught Nolan Ryan's third no-hitter. Egan threw and batted right-handed, stood 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) tall and weighed 218 pounds (99 kg).

## Baseball career

Born in Los Angeles, he attended El Rancho High School in Pico Rivera, California, and signed to a $100,000 bonus contract by the Angels in 1964. He was just 18 years old when he made his Major League debut on May 27, 1965. Before a crowd of only 1,898 in Washington, D.C., he was the last batter of the Angels' game against the Washington Senators, representing the tying run as the Angels trailed 9–6 with two men on base. Egan struck out against Ron Kline to end the game.
After arguably his best season in 1970, he was traded along with Jay Johnstone and Tom Bradley from the Angels to the White Sox for Ken Berry, Syd O'Brien and Billy Wynne on November 30, 1970. He returned to the Angels three years later when he was selected from the Iowa Oaks in the Rule 5 draft on December 3, 1973. While he ended up with a mere .200 lifetime batting average, Egan's career highlight occurred in the final week of the 1974 season.
Given the assignment to catch Nolan Ryan, a future Hall of Famer, in a Sept. 24 game at Anaheim against the Minnesota Twins, he was behind the plate when Ryan nailed down the third no-hitter of his career. With two out in the ninth inning, Harmon Killebrew, another future Hall of Famer, came up for the Twins to pinch-hit. Ryan walked him, then fanned Eric Soderholm to end the game, Ryan's 15th strikeout of the day.
Egan would be released by the Angels in 1975 and his career came to an end.
# Tyr (comics)

Tyr, in comics, may refer to:
* Tyr (Marvel Comics), an Asgardian in Marvel Comics
* Tyr, a character in the Danish series Valhalla
* Tyr, a villain in DC Comics
# VINEBOX

VINEBOX is a San Francisco based online monthly subscription service that sends its subscribers three glasses of wines every month. The company is headquartered in San Francisco, California, United States.

## History

VINEBOX was founded in San Francisco in 2015 by Matt Dukes and Rachel Vodofsky. The pair previously worked as lawyers with a passion for wine and technology. In January 2016, the company joined Y Combinator's accelerator program and started shipping wines to their members. With their own money, they started the operations and in March 2016, they received initial funding of $1.25 million. In November 2016, VINEBOX launched "12 Nights of Wine", and advent calendar for wine, which sold out within 4 weeks. The wines come from vineyards across France, Spain, and Italy.

## Service and membership

Consumers may choose an assortment of wines from Vinebox. The company sources top winemakers from Europe and contains them in 10 cl vials. It is packaged in a box which includes a booklet of information about each wine. Consumers may decide which they like most so they can order a full bottle. Vinebox may also suggest similar options.
Vinebox offers three membership plans, which can be upgraded or downgraded. The membership service first launched in September 2015 and for a fixed monthly fee, Vinebox send curated box containing three separate variety of wine.
# Using

Using may refer to:

## Programming language keywords

* In C++, for alias declarations
* In C++, for using directives
* In C++, for using enum declarations
* In C#, for using directives
* In TypeScript, for using declarations

## Other uses

* Using Daeng Rangka (c. 1845–1927), a Makassan fisherman who had contact with Aboriginal Australians
# Usinens

Usinens is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
# Vague topology

In mathematics, particularly in the area of functional analysis and topological vector spaces, the vague topology is an example of the weak-* topology which arises in the study of measures on locally compact Hausdorff spaces.
Let $X$ be a locally compact Hausdorff space. Let $M(X)$ be the space of complex Radon measures on $X,$ and $C_{0}(X)^{*}$ denote the dual of $C_{0}(X),$ the Banach space of complex continuous functions on $X$ vanishing at infinity equipped with the uniform norm. By the Riesz representation theorem $M(X)$ is isometric to $C_{0}(X)^{*}.$ The isometry maps a measure $\mu$ to a linear functional $I_{\mu }(f):=\int _{X}f\,d\mu .$
The vague topology is the weak-* topology on $C_{0}(X)^{*}.$ The corresponding topology on $M(X)$ induced by the isometry from $C_{0}(X)^{*}$ is also called the vague topology on $M(X).$ Thus in particular, a sequence of measures $\left(\mu _{n}\right)_{n\in \mathbb {N} }$ converges vaguely to a measure $\mu$ whenever for all test functions $f\in C_{0}(X),$
$\int _{X}fd\mu _{n}\to \int _{X}fd\mu .$
It is also not uncommon to define the vague topology by duality with continuous functions having compact support $C_{c}(X),$ that is, a sequence of measures $\left(\mu _{n}\right)_{n\in \mathbb {N} }$ converges vaguely to a measure $\mu$ whenever the above convergence holds for all test functions $f\in C_{c}(X).$ This construction gives rise to a different topology. In particular, the topology defined by duality with $C_{c}(X)$ can be metrizable whereas the topology defined by duality with $C_{0}(X)$ is not.
One application of this is to probability theory: for example, the central limit theorem is essentially a statement that if $\mu _{n}$ are the probability measures for certain sums of independent random variables, then $\mu _{n}$ converge weakly (and then vaguely) to a normal distribution, that is, the measure $\mu _{n}$ is "approximately normal" for large $n.$
# Vaigu

Vaigu is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.
Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Kihelkonna Parish.
# Vaigattøyane

Vaigattøyane is a group of islands in Hinlopen Strait, between Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet of the Svalbard archipelago. The island group is named after Waygat, a previous name of Hinlopenstretet.
The largest island of the group is Wahlbergøya, while other islands are Von Otterøya, Nyströmøya and Berggrenøya.
# Vaigattbogen

Vaigattbogen is a bay at the eastern side of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway, located between Ny-Friesland and Olav V Land, and opening into Hinlopen Strait. The glacier Hinlopenbreen debouches into Vaigattbogen.
# Uttar Bango Tapsili Jati O Adibasi Sangathan

Uttar Bango Tapsili Jati O Adibasi Sangathan (lit. Northern Bengal Backward Caste and Adivasi Organisation; abbr.UTJAS) was a political movement amongst dalits and adivasis in northern West Bengal, India. UTJAS was led by Jugal Kishore Raybir. The movement worked for regional autonomy of areas in northern Bengal, a position that was in opposition to the West Bengal state government. On January 10, 1987, violence broke out at a UTJAS mass rally in Alipurduar, with clashes with Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) cadres and police. After this event, UTJAS lost its prominence. According to the CSDS scholar Yogendra Yadav, the crack-down on UTJAS contributed to the emergence of the militant Kamtapur Liberation Organization.
# Uuum

Uuum Co., Ltd. (UUUM株式会社, Ūmu kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multi-channel network and YouTuber-related label company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
As of April 2020, there are over 10,000 YouTube channels belonging to Uuum, the most famous including HIKAKIN, Hajime Syacho, Tokai On Air, Fischer's, Banbanzai (Youtuber), Yuka Kinoshita, and Mizutamari Bond.

## Overview

Uuum, co-founded by YouTuber HIKAKIN and Kazuki Kamada in 2013, manages Japanese YouTubers by handling the day-to-day business side of YouTube, such as dealing with brand partnerships. The influencers belonging to Uuum work with many Japanese brands and receive income from creating content around their products. HIKAKIN and Kamada decided to start managing YouTubers having seen the various problems that YouTubers were facing, such as not knowing how to proceed with business negotiations with companies, and not being able to make a contract with an agency without being a juridical person.
In 2014, interest towards YouTube celebrities increased, and Uuum grew alongside this trend. As a result, when the number of the company's clientele was 40 influencers at the beginning of 2014, at the end of the year the number had increased to 2,500.

## History

In June 2013, Kazuki Kamada established ON SALE Co., Ltd. for the purpose of online sales business using YouTubers' videos, after meeting HIKAKIN.
The company name was to be changed, and while thinking "うーむ, Ūm" (Japanese equivalent of "Hmm") about a good company name, "Ūm" was chosen as the new company name. Although they wanted a company name that could take the domain ".com", as one U was not possible, the domain was finally set up with three U's, and thus the company became known as "Uuum".

### Events

* 2014
** August 28 - Business partnership with Yahoo! JAPAN.
** October 1 - Moved the headquarters from Shibuya to Minato, Tokyo.
** December 1 - Changed company name to Uuum Co., Ltd..
** December 16 - Established MCN:Uuum NETWORK.
* 2015
** April 20 - Business partnership with Digital Hollywood Co., Ltd.
** July 1 - Business partnership with Gadget News.
** August 27 - Transition to a company with an audit and supervisory committee.
* 2017
** March - Moved the headquarters from the 34th floor to the 37th floor of Roppongi Hills Mori Tower (the 34th floor is a studio).
** March 5 - Announced business partnership with Shochiku Geino Co., Ltd.
** July 27 - Announced approval for listing on the Mothers market of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
** August 30 - Listed on the Mothers market of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
* 2020
** January 9 - Business partnership with LINE Corporation.
** April 28 - Announced business partnership with Yoshimoto Kogyo Co., Ltd. with 800 talent YouTubers transferring to Uuum.
** September 4 - Acquired the social media app FOLLOW ME launched by Yusuke Mitsumoto.
# Papuapterote crenulata

Papuapterote crenulata is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by James John Joicey and George Talbot in 1916. It is found on New Guinea.
The length of the forewings is about 46 mm. The forewings are pale brown, entirely suffused with black scaling, more so at the costa. There is a curved black basal line from the costa to the inner margin and a faint dark band crossing the cell from the costa to the inner margin, its outer edge crenulate (scolloped). There are two dark and faint narrow crenulate discal bands beyond the cell and there is a heavily marked waved submarginal black line, separated by the ground colour from a dark marginal band. The hindwings are pale brown with a wide dark marginal area of sparse black scaling. A well-marked dark and waved line crosses the wing from before the apex to the inner margin.
# National Algae Association

The National Algae Association is a United States non-profit algae production trade organization for commercially minded algae researchers, algae producers and equipment companies.
Created in January 2008 and headquartered in Houston, Texas, the association seeks to co-ordinate research and development efforts for commercial algal fuel applications. It also hosts conferences for the presentation of scientific papers on algal fuel.
# Madean

Madean may refer to:
* Madean Peak, a mountain in Alaska
* Madean District, a district in Peru
# Sudhir Vasudeva

Sudhir Vasudeva is the former Chairman and Managing Director of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation. and Chairperson of Board of Governors of National Institute of Technology, Raipur. He has been the head of 14 different companies and currently holds the position of Chairman of Mangalore Special Economic Zone, President for All India Public Sector Sports Promotion Board and President at Global Compact Network India.

## Education

He is a graduate in Chemical Engineering (1971–1975) from National Institute of Technology, Raipur.