OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Lawrence Tower

William Lawrence Tower (22 December 1872– July 1967) was an American zoologist, born in Halifax, Massachusetts. He was educated at the Lawrence Scientific School (Harvard), the Harvard Graduate School, and the University of Chicago (B. S., 1902), where he taught thereafter, becoming associate professor in 1911.

## Research

Tower was notable for his experimental work in heredity, investigating the inheritance of acquired characteristics and the laws of heredity in beetles and publishing An Investigation of Evolution in Chrysomelid Beetles of the Genus Leptinotarsa (1906). This study is probably the first (albeit possibly discredited) of mutation in animals. He published also The Development of the Colors and Color Patterns of Coleoptera (1903) and, with Coulter, Castle, Davenport and East, an essay on Heredity and Eugenics (1912).
Tower was caught up in personal and professional scandals. He resigned from the University of Chicago in 1917 following a very public divorce, but by then he had become a source of discontent among students and faculty. His professed atheism caused offense to some, including graduate student Warder Clyde Allee. Tower caused political friction within the department and many members distrusted his professional ethics. Experimental results which Tower reported in 1906 and 1910 were found to include serious discrepancies which he declined to explain. His claim that experimental results had been lost in a fire increased his colleagues' skepticism. William Bateson, T. D. A. Cockerell, and R. A. Gortner were particularly critical of his work. A more positive reception came from the botanist Henry Chandler Cowles.
It was suggested that his research may have been faked. The geneticist William E. Castle who visited Tower's laboratory was not impressed by the experimental conditions. He later concluded that Tower had faked his data. Castle found the fire suspicious and also Tower's claim that a steam leak in his greenhouse had destroyed all his beetle stocks.

## Publications

* The Development of the Colors and Color Patterns of Coleoptera (1903)
* An Investigation of Evolution in Chrysomelid Beetles of the Genus Leptinotarsa (1906)
* The Mechanism of Evolution in Leptinotarsa (1918)
# William Manning

William Manning may refer to:
* William Manning (author) (1747–1814), New England farmer, foot soldier and author of The Key of Libberty
* William Manning (Unitarian) (c. 1630–1711), English ejected minister and Unitarian writer
* William Manning (British politician) (1763–1835), British merchant and politician
* William Montagu Manning (1811–1895), Australian politician
* William Patrick Manning (1845–1915), Australian politician
* Sir William Manning (colonial administrator) (1863–1932), British soldier and colonial administrator
* William T. Manning (1866–1949), American Episcopal bishop
* William Manning (bishop) (fl. 1945–1984), Anglican bishop in Africa
* William Oke Manning (1879–1958), British aerospace engineer
* William Manning (Australian politician) (1903–1986), member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia
* Bill Manning, American sports executive, currently the President of Toronto FC and the Toronto Argonauts
# Symplocos clethrifolia

Symplocos clethrifolia is a species of plant in the family Symplocaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
# Szeląg

Szeląg may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Szeląg, Poznań, a neighbourhood in the city of Poznań
* Szeląg, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, a village in north Poland
* szeląg - Polish shilling
* Marcin Szeląg (born 1981) - Polish chess master and computer scientist
# William Saidi

William Sylvester Saidi (8 May 1937 – 4 January 2017) was a Zimbabwean writer and journalist. Among his friends and family he was commonly known as 'Bill' Saidi. He died in Kitwe, Zambia after a long illness.

## Early life

Saidi was born at St David's Mission in Chihota Tribal Trust Lands, south of Harare. He grew up in the township of Mbare, where he attended school, and developed a passion for jazz and journalism. He was the only son of Evelyn Chidzetse of Makawe village in Seke district, and an immigrant father Agonilepi Matola Saidi from Malawi. He married twice, and divorced twice but each marriage produced three children. Saidi was survived by his six children, and 15 grandchildren.

## Career

He began his journalism career in 1957 when he was 20 years old when he joined the African Daily News. Eventually, he practiced his journalism in the twin countries of Zambia and Zimbabwe, where he is regarded in equal esteem for his contributions. Saidi moved to Zambia when it achieved independence in 1964 and only returned to Zimbabwe at independence in 1980. He first worked in the public media as editor. Subsequently, he co-founded The Daily News, in 1999 with Geoffrey Nyarota and Davison Maruziva. The paper was so critical of the Robert Mugabe regime that its printing press was bombed, and its editors routinely arrested.

### Creative writer

Apart from journalism, Saidi, was an award winning fiction writer. He published the following books, which included novels and a late autobiography:
-The Hanging (National Educational Company of Zambia, 1978)
-Return of the Innocent (National Educational Company of Zambia, 1979)
-The Old Bricks Lives (Mambo Press, 1988)
-Gwebede's Wars (College Press, 1989)
-Day of the Baboons (Zambia Educational Publishing House, 1991)
-The Brother's of Chatima Street (College Press, 1992)
-Who is Who in Zimbabwe (Roblaw Publishers, 1992)
-A Sort of Life in Journalism (MISA-Zimbabwe, 2011)
# William Saint-Clair

William Saint Clair may refer to:
* William St. Clair (1410–1484 aka William Sinclair), 1st Earl of Caithness
* William St Clair of Roslin (1700–1778), of the Clan Sinclair, 21st Baron of Roslin
* William St Clair (1937–2021), British historian
* William St Clair Grant (1894–1918), Scottish rugby player
* William St. Clair Tisdall (1859–1928), Anglican priest
# José Reis

José Reis may refer to:
* José Reis (footballer) (born 1911), former Portuguese footballer
* José Reis (kickboxer) (born 1977), Portuguese Muay Thai kickboxer
* José Reis (politician), East Timorese politician
* José Reis (scientist) (1907–2002), Brazilian scientist, journalist and science writer
# Imre Simon

Imre Simon (August 14, 1943 – August 13, 2009) was a Hungarian-born Brazilian mathematician and computer scientist.
His research mainly focused on theoretical computer science, automata theory, and tropical mathematics, a subject he founded, and which was so named because he lived in Brazil. He was a professor of mathematics at the University of São Paulo in Brazil. He was also actively interested in questions of intellectual property and collaborative work, and was an enthusiastic advocate for open collaborative information systems, of which Wikipedia is an example.
Simon came to Brazil with his parents after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He studied electrical engineering in Sao Paulo, received his diploma in 1966, and his Ph.D. at the University of Waterloo in 1972, under Janusz Brzozowski with the thesis: Hierarchies of Events with Dot-Depth One.
He died of lung cancer in São Paulo, Brazil on August 13, 2009, aged 65 just a day short of his 66th birthday.
# Lake Waipu

Lake Waipu, just south of Rātana Pā, is a 7 ha (17 acres) shallow coastal aeolian, or dune-dammed, lake. Horizons Regional Council has monitored water quality in the lake since 2015. The lake's catchment is mainly pasture and Rātana's treated sewage runs into a tributary of the lake, accounting for the trophic level index being eutrophic at 6.9, though the submerged plant indicator of 34.3% is better and kākahi (native freshwater mussels) live in the lake.
A $1.75 million project with the Ministry for the Environment, Rangitīkei District Council, Ngā Wairiki Ngāti Apa, Rātana Community Board, and the Department of Conservation, will pipe the wastewater to land near Whangaehu beach. With planting and other improvements it is planned to improve the lake's pollution.
Lake Waipu usually drains through the sand, as does nearby Lake Oraekomiko, though in places, especially in wet weather, a stream runs 2.2 km (1.4 mi) to the Turakina River.
# Tampa Convention Center

The Tampa Convention Center is a mid-sized convention center located in downtown Tampa, Florida at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. It has both waterfront views of Tampa Bay and views of the city's skyline. Harbour Island is across the eponymous bridge on the other side of the Garrison Channel. The center is connected to the neighboring Channelside District and Ybor City via the TECO Line Streetcar, which has a station across the street. The center opened in 1990 and encompasses 600,000 square feet (56,000 m$^2$) in total. It has a 200,000 square feet (19,000 m$^2$) exhibit hall, a ballroom capable of accommodating over 2,000 guests, and 36 meeting rooms that can be adjusted to various sizes. The facility hosts over 100 events per year.

## History

The Tampa Convention Center is built on the historical site of Fort Brooke, the original American outpost on Tampa Bay established in 1824. The community of Tampa slowly grew around Fort Brooke through two wars with the Seminole Indians and the American Civil War. The post was decommissioned by the United States Army in 1883 and the land was sold for private use.
The former location of the fort was used for various industrial and commercial purposes until the late 1980s, when it was cleared to make way for a new convention center to replace Tampa's aging Curtis Hixon Hall. Construction began in early 1989, with the city of Tampa paying the $140 million cost by issuing municipal bonds. It opened in October 1990.

## Hotels

The city's original development plan called for the Tampa Convention Center to be built concurrently with a large hotel. However, financial difficulties and problems with developers caused this portion of the plan to be delayed until 2000, when the 27-story Tampa Marriott Waterside Hotel, the city's largest at the time, opened less than a block away on Garrison Channel. In 2006, more adjacent lodging was added when a 20-story Embassy Suites hotel opened directly across Franklin Street from the convention center, connecting to the convention center via a skybridge.
With the Waterstreet revitalization, a third hotel was opened in 2022, JW Marriott Waterstreet Tampa, concluding the last corner on the Convention Center square. Designed by the same architects that created Tampa Marriott Waterside Hotel, Nichols Architects, the hotel was JW Marriot's 100th property in the world, featuring 100,000 sq. ft of meeting and event space, including the largest hotel ballroom in Tampa Bay at approximately 30,000 sq. ft. In combination with its sister property, Tampa Marriott Waterside, the complex boasts over 40,000 sq. ft. of additional total event space, with both hotels connected by a glass sky bridge located on the third floor.

## Major events

The Tampa Convention Center was the media center for the 2012 Republican National Convention, which was held approximately two blocks away at the Tampa Bay Times Forum.
It hosts the yearly Tampa Bay Comic Con, anime convention MetroCon, as well as the Florida Bar Exam.
# Magdalenów

Magdalenów may refer to the following places:
* Magdalenów, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Magdalenów, Bełchatów County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Magdalenów, Łask County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
# Dorcadion cineriferum

Dorcadion cineriferum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Suvorov in 1909. It is known from the Caucasus.
# Magoo (band)

Magoo are an English indie rock band which formed in Norfolk, England in 1992.

## Biography

The band's influences include Guided by Voices, Stereolab, Pavement, the Flaming Lips and John Peel, and spent their early years playing local venues in the Norwich area. Having released several singles on Norwich's Noisebox Records, they were signed by the Scottish record label, Chemikal Underground.
During their time with Chemikal Underground, Magoo played at the CMJ Music Marathon in New York and the Glastonbury Festival, as well as smaller events around the UK.
In June 1996, the band recorded four songs in session for the John Peel show on BBC Radio 1. They went on to record a further six sessions and were one of the last bands to record a session before Peel's untimely death.
The band subsequently parted company with Chemikal Underground and set up their own studio Sickroom Studios, in the heart of Norfolk to record their new material in. Magoo continue to play shows around the UK.

## Discography
### Albums

* The Soateramic Sounds of Magoo (1997), Beggars Banquet/Chemikal Underground
* Close Continental D.N.A. (1998), Noisebox Records
* Vote the Pacifist Ticket Today (1998), Chemikal Underground
* Realist Week (2001), Global Warming Records
* Popsongs (2005), MayGoZero
* The All Electric Amusement Arcade (2006), Series 8 Records
* The Continuing Adventures of Magoo (2012), Hungry Audio

### Singles and EPs

* The Mudshark EP (1995), Noisebox Records
* "Robot Carnival" (1995), Noisebox Records
* "Eye Spy" (1996), Noisebox Records
* "Tremor, Tremor, Tremor" (1997), Elefant Records
* "A to Z and Back Again" (1997), Chemikal Underground
* "Red Lines (Are Fine)" (1997), Chemikal Underground
* "Holy Smoke!" (1998), Chemikal Underground
* "Swiss Border Escape" (1998), Chemikal Underground
* "Champion The Wonderhorse - Another Vibrations From The Edge Of Sanity Record Compilation EP" (1999), Vibrations From The Edge Of Sanity
* "Nastro Adhesivo/Big Eyed Beans From Venus (Promo Only)" (2001), Sickroom Gramophonic Collective
* "East Polar Opposite Can Dream" (2001), Global Warming
* "Knowledge Is Power" (2001), Global Warming
* "The Big Comeback Starts Here" (2002), Starharbour
* "Soft Family Rock" (2002), MaYGoZero
* "Can't Get Off the Ground Today / Expansion Ride" (2003), MaYGoZero
* "Superteen Scene" (2006), Series 8 Records
* "Four Song E.P." (2014), No Label
# Magdalis alutacea

Magdalis alutacea is a species of wedge-shaped bark weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Magdalina Valchanova

Magdalina Valchanova (Магдалина Вълчанова) is a Bulgarian model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Bulgaria 2000 and represented her country at Miss Universe 2000. She also representative of the Bulgarian football team. She was born in 1977 in Plovdiv. In 2003 she posed for Playboy magazine.
Valchanova currently serves as the chairwoman of Face to Face Bulgaria, a non-governmental organization that prevents sex slavery in Bulgaria.
# Mahala Andrews

Mahala Andrews (9 February 1939 – 27 October 1997) was a British vertebrae palaeontologist who worked for the National Museum of Scotland.

## Early years and education

Andrews was born Sheila Mahala Andrews on 9 February 1939 in Beckenham, London. She was the only child of crafts teacher, Mahala Humphrey, and GPO overseer, Alfred J. R. Andrews. Andrews moved to Sydenham, London with her mother after her father died in 1941. She graduated from Girton College, Cambridge in 1960 with a BSc in zoology.

## Later years and career

After graduating from Cambridge, she worked for seven years as a research assistant to geology professor Thomas Stanley Westoll at the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Andrews then returned to Girton College at Cambridge to complete her PhD thesis on fossil lobe-finned fish and also co-authored a paper on the subject in 1970. She was appointed as the Senior Scientific Officer in the Department of Geology at the Royal Scottish Museum (now the National Museum of Scotland) in Edinburgh in 1968 and became a Principal Scientific Officer in 1973.
Her work, which focused on the fossil lobe-finned fish that would later evolve into the first land vertebrates, became the principal foundation on which research of the origin of amphibians is based. She published a book, The Discovery of Fossil Fishes in Scotland up to 1845, in 1982 and wrote several articles on prehistoric lobe-finned fish such as Onychodus. Andrews also made drawings of many of the fossils which she studied and travelled extensively including joining the first official palaeontology party to work in China in 1979.
She was a Christian and when she retired early in 1993 due to ill health she bought a house on the island of Iona to join the religious community there. She died on Iona on 27 October 1997.
# Magnesium transporter protein 1

Magnesium transporter protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGT1 gene.
# Magnesium transporter1 family

The Magnesium Transporter 1 (MagT1) Family (TC# 1.A.76) is a group of magnesium transporters that are part of the TOG superfamily. Goytain and Quamme identified a Mg$^{2+}$-related transporter whose expression or function was affected by an implantation-associated protein precursor. They designated this protein, MagT1. MagT1 is expressed as a 335 amino acid polypeptide which includes five transmembrane helices. The nascent polypeptide possesses a cleavage site after the N-terminal signal sequence helix, rendering a mature MagT1 protein with four transmembrane helices. MagT1 additionally contains a number of phosphorylation sites.
Recent evidence demonstrates that the primary function of MagT1 is protein glycosylation, mediated by MagT1's function as a component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST).

## Function

When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, MagT1 mediates saturable Mg$^{2+}$ uptake with a K$_m$ of 0.23 mM. Transport of Mg$^{2+}$ by MagT1 is rheogenic, voltage-dependent, and does not display time-dependent inactivation. Transport is specific to Mg$^{2+}$$_,$ as other divalent cations do not evoke currents. Large external concentrations of some cations inhibited Mg$^{2+}$ transport (Ni$^{2+}$, Zn$^{2+}$, Mn$^{2+}$) in MagT1-expressing oocytes although Ca$^{2+}$and Fe$^{2+}$ were without effect. MagT1 has an N-terminal thioredoxin domain of unknown function.
Zhou and Clapham identified two mammalian genes, MagT1 and TUSC3, catalyzing Mg$^{2+}$ influx. MagT1 is universally expressed in all human tissues, and its expression level is upregulated in low extracellular Mg$^{2+}$. Knockdown of either MagT1 or TUSC3 protein lowered the total and free intracellular Mg$^{2+}$concentrations in mammalian cell lines. Morpholino knockdown of MagT1 and TUSC3 protein expression in zebrafish embryos resulted in early developmental arrest; excess Mg$^{2+}$ or supplementation with mammalian mRNAs rescued these effects. Thus, MagT1 and TUSC3 are vertebrate plasma membrane Mg$^{2+}$ transport system.

## Transport reaction

The reaction catalyzed by MagT1, or a potential downstream glycosylation target (e.g. a Mg$^{2+}$ transporter), is:
    Mg$^{2+}$ (out) → Mg$^{2+}$ (in)

## Role in magnesium deficiency

The identification of genetic changes and their functional consequences in patients with immunodeficiency resulting from loss of MAGT1 revealed that magnesium and MagT1 are key molecular players for T cell-mediated immune responses. This led to the description of XMEN (X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr Virus infection, and neoplasia) syndrome, for which Mg$^{2+}$ supplementation has been shown to be beneficial. Similarly, the identification of copy-number variation leading to dysfunctional MAGT1 in a family with atypical ATR-X syndrome and skin abnormalities, suggested that the MAGT1 defect is responsible for the cutaneous problems.

## Role in protein glycosylation

MagT1 and its homologue TUSC3 are both bona fide components of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST).
# Dotsuitarunen

Dotsuitarunen (どついたるねん) is a 1989 Japanese film directed by Junji Sakamoto.

## Cast

* Hidekazu Akai
* Haruko Sagara
* Akaji Maro
* Yoshio Harada

## Awards and nominations

11th Yokohama Film Festival
* Won: Best Film
* Won: Best New Director - Junji Sakamoto
* Won: Best Supporting Actor - Yoshio Harada
* Won: Best Supporting Actress - Haruko Sagara
* Won: Best Newcomer - Hidekazu Akai
# Dotson Rader

Dotson Rader (born July 25, 1942, in Evanston, Illinois) is an American author and playwright who has published four novels and three works of non-fiction as well as God Looked Away, a stage play about Tennessee Williams.

## Biography

Rader was a student at Columbia University, and had a side gig as a male hustler. He made his way into the elite echelons of the New York City literary scene. During the 1970s, he became the live-in love of the actress Ruth Ford. He is the author of several books, including I Ain't Marchin Anymore, about the on-campus protests and upheaval during the 1960s, the title inspired by the earlier song by Phil Ochs of the same name, and Cry of the Heart, about his long friendship with the famed American playwright Tennessee Williams, which began in the 1950s.
For many years Rader conducted interviews and has written feature articles for Parade magazine. Rader's first play, God Looked Away, about Tennessee Williams, had a six-week trial run at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena, California, in 2018 with Al Pacino in the titular role and Judith Light and Garrett Clayton in other featured turns.
# Smooth Like Stone on a Beach

Smooth Like Stone on a Beach is the debut album by Canadian band Walk off the Earth, released on December 31, 2007 through SlapDash Records.

## Personnel
### Walk Off the Earth

* Gianni Luminati – bass guitar, lead vocals on tracks 4 & 11
* Ryan Marshall – guitar, lead vocals on all tracks except 4 & 11
* Pete Kirkwood – drums

### Production

* Production, engineering, mixing and mastering by Gianni Luminati
# Smooth Lake District

Smooth Lake District is an Independent Local Radio station for the Lakes, owned and operated by Global and part of the Smooth network.

## Overview

Originally known as Lakeland Radio, the station broadcasts from transmitters at Kendal on 100.1 MHz, the western side of Lake Windermere on 100.8 MHz and Keswick Forest on 101.4 MHz.
Originally licensed to serve the South Lakes, the station's coverage area extended northwards on 23 April 2013 when it began broadcasting to Keswick and surrounding villages. Part of the service area overlaps with that of its Lancaster-based sister station The Bay (now Heart North Lancashire & Cumbria).
On 20 November 2017, CN Group announced Lakeland Radio would be sold to Global along with sister station The Bay - the sale was finalised by 1 December 2017. Global later announced Lakeland Radio would become part of the Smooth network.
The Lakeland Radio brand and programming were phased out in February 2018 and following a transition period, the station was relaunched as Smooth Lake District at 6 am on Monday 5 March 2018.
In September 2019, the station closed its Kendal studios and co-located with sister station Smooth North West in Manchester.
Following OFCOM's decision to relax local content obligations from commercial radio, Smooth's local Drivetime and weekend shows were replaced by network programming from London. Local news bulletins, traffic updates, and advertising were retained, alongside the station's Lake District breakfast show.

## Programming

Local programming is produced and broadcast from Global's Manchester studios from 6-10 am on weekdays. All networked programming originates from Global's London headquarters, including The Smooth Drive Home with Angie Greaves.

### News

Global's Newsroom broadcasts hourly local news bulletins from 6 am to 7 pm on weekdays and from 6 am to 12 pm on weekends.
National news updates air hourly from Global's London headquarters at all other times.