OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Semyon Gershtein

Semyon Solomonovich Gershtein (13 July 1929 – 20 February 2023) was a Soviet and Russian physicist. He was an academician of Russian Academy of Sciences since 2003. He was a USSR State Prize laureate.

## Biography

Gershtein was born in Harbin, China. After graduating from the Department of Nuclear Physics (Faculty of Physics) in Moscow State University, he worked at a school in Kaluga Oblast until 1954. In 1955, he entered the graduate school of the Institute for Physical Problems.
Gershtein was a senior researcher in the Institute for High Energy Physics. He went on to become a professor of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1963).
Gershtein authored more than two hundred publications and several scientific discoveries.
Gershtein died in Moscow on 20 February 2023, at the age of 93.

## Honors and awards

* Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV class (2005) — for his great contribution to the development of nuclear energy, a productive scientific activities and many years of conscientious work
* Order of Honour (Russia) (25 September 1999) — for services to the state, many years of hard work and great contribution to strengthening friendship and cooperation among peoples
* USSR State Prize
* Pomeranchuk Prize from Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (2011)
* Landau Gold Medal (2013)

## Selected publications

* Gershtein, S. S.; Kiselev, V. V.; Likhoded, A. K.; Tkabladze, A. V. (1995). "B$_c$ spectroscopy". Physical Review D. 51 (7): 3613–3627. arXiv:hep-ph/9406339. Bibcode:1995PhRvD..51.3613G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.51.3613. PMID 10018833.
* Gershtein, Semen S.; Kiselev, Valerii V.; Likhoded, Anatolii K.; Tkabladze, A. V. (1995). "Physics of B$_c$-mesons". Physics-Uspekhi. 38: 1–37. arXiv:hep-ph/9504319. doi:10.1070/PU1995v038n01ABEH000063. S2CID 119344200.
* Gershtein, S. S.; Kiselev, V. V.; Likhoded, A. K.; Onishchenko, A. I. (2000). "Spectroscopy of doubly heavy baryons". Physics of Atomic Nuclei. 63 (2): 274–286. arXiv:hep-ph/9811212. Bibcode:2000PAN....63..274G. doi:10.1134/1.855633. S2CID 53143533.
# Samuel Potter (drum major)

Samuel L. Potter (1772–1838) was a British drum major in the Band of the Coldstream Guards and an influential fife and drum manual author.

## Biography

Potter was born in 1772 and in 1786, at the age of 14, he enlisted in the Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards. In 1800 he published a set of slow marches, waltzes and quicksteps. By 1815, Potter had ascended to the rank of Head Regimental Drum Major. During his service he was unhappy with the training and quality of the musical recruits coming into the regiment. He took it upon himself to write bugle, fife, and drum manuals to train his musicians. In 1817 he published three books: The Art of Beating the Drum; The Art of Playing the Fife and The Bugle Horn Major's Companion. His drum manual was especially influential in both Britain and America, with its legacy easily identified in such works as Walter F. Smith's 1897 manual Instructions for Trumpet and Drum and V.F. Safranek's 1916 publication Complete Instruction Manual for Bugle, Trumpet, and Drum, which both feature drum rudiments and calls that are obviously taken from Potter's work. Potter set up an instrument-making shop in King Street, Westminster in 1810 where he made horns, bugles, drums, trumpets, and fifes for military use under his son Henry's (b. 1810) name. Military rules prevented him from establishing his own company. He resigned from the Guards in 1817 after 30 years of service to run his business. Henry followed his father into the instrument making business and became a well-known flute-maker and owner of Henry Potter & Co. Ltd with his brother William. Samuel's third son George opened his own military instrument making shop and founded the company George Potter & Co., which bought his brothers' business in 1918 and continues to produce instruments in Aldershot under the Henry Potter name.

## Publications

* A Sett of New Slow Marches, Waltzes, and Quicksteps for Fifes and Bugle Horns etc.
* Method for Playing the Fife
* The Art of Beating the Drum
* The Art of Playing the Fife
* The Bugle Horn Major's Companion
# Sid Vale Association

The Sid Vale Association (SVA) is a voluntary conservation charity. It is headquartered in the coastal town of Sidmouth in the English county of Devon. Following the government's restructuring of the legal framework for charities the SVA was registered as CIO No 1154749 on 26 November 2013.
It was the first Civic Society in Britain, founded in 1846 by John Carslake. It focuses on preserving and enhancing the civic fabric and the countryside of the Sid valley and encouraging public enjoyment of facilities in the valley. The Society owns over 50 acres (200,000 m$^2$) of the countryside surrounding Sidmouth and has done extensive work within and around the town especially around 'The Byes Walk' that runs from Sidford to Sidmouth. Some of the association's works were the development of 'Margaret's Meadow' and the preservation of 'Bluebell Wood' located on Salcombe Hill, Sidmouth.
It owns and runs Sidmouth Museum, located in Hope Cottage.
It administers the Keith Owen fund. Owen left a considerable sum of money to the town in 2008. Grants are made annually from the interest of the capital he left to encourage and support initiatives which enhance the area and promote leisure and pleasure facilities.

## Publications

* Creeke, Julia Historic Sidmouth : life and times in Sidmouth : a guide to blue plaques Sidmouth, Sid Vale Association SVA (Revised 2013) ISBN 1-85522-179-9
* Barnard, Christine and Rab The Knowle, SIdmouth – A house and its history SVA (2013) ISBN 978-0-9512704-5-5
* Creeke, Julia The Story of Sidmouth’s Long Print SVA (2013) ISBN 978-0-9512704-4-8
* Creeke, Julia Sidmouth’s Long Print “A Picture in Time” SVA (2014) ISBN 978-0-9512704-7-9
* Sidmouth: A History SVA (Revised 2015) ISBN 978-0-9934814-0-6
* Hyman, Nigel Sidmouth – People & Places SVA (2015)
* Miles, Professor Robert Sidmouth Scientists SVA (2015)
* Woolley, Louise The Natural History of the Sid Valley through the seasons SVA (2015) ISBN 978-0-9512704-9-3
* Hyman, Nigel Sidmouth's Literary Connections SVA (2016)
* An up-to-date list of publications by the SVA will be found here https://www.sidvaleassociation.org.uk/online-shop
# 1989 Transnistrian census

The 1989 Transnistrian census was organized by the authorities of the MSSR in the final days of its existence as a Soviet republic. It took place as part of the Soviet Census of 1989.
Results from the 1989 census showed that among the population of Transnistria, approximately 40% were ethnic Moldovans, 28% Ukrainians and 25% Russians.

## Census results

* Total population on the left bank of the Dniester river (minus Tighina): 546,400
* Total population in raions mostly on the left bank of the Dniester river (minus Tighina): 601,660
* (note that percentages below are given from the second figure)
* Moldovans: 39.9%
* Ukrainians: 28.3%
* Russians: 25.5%
* Others: 6.4%
# Wayne Gilbert

Wayne Gilbert is a Canadian working in Vancouver, British Columbia, now Head of the Character Animation Program at Vancouver Institute of Media Arts (VanArts). He was the Senior Animation and Art Director for EA Blackbox, where he directed and animated in-game and cinematics for the ground-breaking video games "skate and skate2". Before EA, Wayne lived in Northern California, working at ILM as a Senior Lead Animator and Animation Area Manager. He worked on Star Wars, Attack of the Clones, The Mummy Returns, E.T. re-release, Jurassic Park 2, and Bounty Hunter. He storyboarded and animated numerous commercials with two Clio Awards. His animated short Let Go won a Crystal Heart Award at the Heartland Film Festival. It was his second film created with friends while working at ILM. The first was CPU. Before that, he created 2D shorts entitled Bottoms Up and Traffic Jam, accepted into the Annecy International Animated Film Festival. As The Animation Area Manager, he had aesthetic input for animation dailies and headed the Animation Training Department. He was an advocate for thorough planning, which received opposition for a long time.
Wayne authored two highly respected books, Simplified Drawing for Planning Animation and Planning Character Animation, available through amazon.com, amazon.ca, and www.anamie.com/shop. @waynefrederickg Instagram and X - Twitter. Wayne is currently writing and illustrating picture books, has completed two middle-grade fantasy novels, and developing a unique NFT project. Paul Durante, the CEO of Artwave, represents him. https://ArtWave.co/
Wayne coordinated and taught in the renowned Classical Animation and International Summer-school of Animation Programs at Sheridan College. Before that worked as a Background Illustrator and Assistant Animator at Leach Rankin Studios on Witch's Night Out, then at Nelvana Ltd, an Animator and Background Illustration on seven half-hour television shows and numerous commercials. He took on the roles of Background Illustrator and department head on the feature, Rock and Rule. Wayne twice served as an art director at Wang Films in Taiwan. In 1996, Lenora Hume, Sr VP at Walt Disney Studios, brought Wayne on board to help set up the Disney Canada Studios by supervising creative staffing and professional development. He was asked to co-direct the studio's second DVD feature but opted for a move to ILM.
Gilbert graduated from Sheridan College's Classical Animation Program. He has lectured at schools and universities and media events around the world.
Gilbert has an MFA (Master of Film and Animation) USA accreditation.
# Lewis Carpenter (disambiguation)

Lewis C. Carpenter (1836–1908) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina.
Lewis Carpenter may also refer to:
* Lew Carpenter
* Lew Carpenter (baseball)
# Virgin of the Secret Service

Virgin of the Secret Service is a British television series which ran for one season in 1968, produced by the ITV franchise, Associated Television. The series was created by Ted Willis.
The show was a tongue-in-cheek adventure series set in the early 1900s, and followed the adventures of Captain Robert Virgin (Clinton Greyn), a gentleman officer working for the British Secret Service. Each episode would see him dispatched to different parts of the world by Colonel Shaw-Camberley (Noel Coleman) to do battle with enemies of the British Empire. He was aided by his escapologist batman Sergeant Doublett (John Cater) and Mrs. Cortez (Veronica Strong), an emancipated female photographer and part-time secret agent. Virgin's principal adversary was always Karl Von Brauner (Alexander Doré) – a German spy who would always be dreaming up "a plan of the utmost simplicity" with which to take down the Empire and the Secret Service.
The series was released on DVD by Network on 1 April 2013.

## Recurring cast

* Captain Robert Virgin - Clinton Greyn
* Mrs. Virginia Cortez - Veronica Strong
* Sergeant Fred Doublett - John Cater
* Karl Von Brauner - Alexander Doré
* Colonel Shaw-Camberley - Noel Coleman
* Klaus Striebeck - Peter Swanwick

## Episode list

| Episode no. | Title | First transmission (UK) | Director | Writer |
| 1 | "Dark Deeds on the Northwest Frontier" | 28 March 1968 | Paul Bernard | Nicholas Palmer |
| 2 | "Russian Roundabout" | 4 April 1968 | John Sichel | Basil Dawson |
| 3 | "Entente Cordiale" | 11 April 1968 | Paul Bernard | Betty Lambda |
| 4 | "The Great Ring of Akba" | 18 April 1968 | Paul Bernard | Ted Willis |
| 5 | "The Amazons" | 25 April 1968 | Robert D. Cardona | Basil Dawson |
| 6 | "The Rajah and the Suffragette" | 2 May 1968 | John Sichel | Anthony Steven & Vincent Tilsley |
| 7 | "Persuasion of a Million Drops" | 9 May 1968 | Robert D. Cardona | Ted Willis |
| 8 | "Pride of Assassins" | 16 May 1968 | Paul Bernard | Anthony Steven |
| 9 | "Across the Silver Pass of Gusri Song" | 23 May 1968 | Josephine Douglas | Ted Willis |
| 10 | "The Pyramid Plot" | 30 May 1968 | Robert D. Cardona | Basil Dawson |
| 11 | "A Fate Worse Than Death" | 6 June 1968 | Heinrich Hirsch | Stuart Douglas |
| 12 | "The Professor Goes West" | 13 June 1968 | Robert D. Cardona | Nicholas Palmer |
| 13 | "Wings Over Glencraig" | 20 June 1968 | Robert D. Cardona | John Roberts |
# Lowndes County Courthouse (Mississippi)

The Lowndes County Courthouse in downtown Columbus, Mississippi, is the seat of government for Lowndes County, in the northeastern part of the state. It was initially built in 1847 to designs of local architect James Lull and then remodeled in 1901-05 by Chattanooga-based architect Reuben H. Hunt, who also completed buildings for the Mississippi University for Women nearby at almost the same time. An addition was constructed in 1976.

## History

The area of Lowndes County has historically been agriculturally based, mostly on the production of cotton, since European settlement began in the early 1800s. Together with Starkville in Oktibbeha County and West Point in Clay County, it has anchored a region in northeast Mississippi known since the 1990s as the Golden Triangle. In the twentieth century, industry gradually began to overtake agriculture as the primary economic activity. Until the early twenty-first century, Columbus was the largest and most economically robust of the three cities, though Starkville is now slightly larger in population.
The courthouse is located at the northern edge of Columbus' downtown commercial district, occupying most of a block bounded on the east and west by N 6th Street and N 5th Street, respectively; and on the north and south by 3rd and 2nd Avenues, North, respectively. It faces south onto 2nd Avenue North towards a row of storefronts, which also front the block on the west. The District Attorney's offices are located in a building immediately behind it. To the north is Franklin Academy, while the buildings on both the east and south sides of the courthouse square are occupied by law offices. Parking is located on the northern half of the block on which the courthouse stands.

## Design

The two-story courthouse was initially built in 1847. Its current state uses an asymmetrical design. The original pedimented block at the western end has a main façade that steps forward twice from the outer walls' plane, terminating near the center in a portico supported by monumental Ionic columns in pairs on either side. Three round-arched fan-light doorways form the main entrances under and on either side of the portico, which is approached by a wide stairway from ground level. To the west of the original portico rises a square clock tower that tapers to an octagonal plan as it approaches the belfry. It is capped by a dome above the four clock faces that is in turn crowned by a small open lantern. The tower uses an Italianate style, but much of the rest of the building is solidly neoclassical. A large addition steps forward from this original portion, fronted by a flat-roofed monumental portico supported by Corinthian columns; to the east of this block, a smaller newer wing forms an L-shape, giving the entire courthouse a plan much like a blocky W-shape. Like most of the buildings in the surrounding district, the courthouse is primarily constructed of a light orange brick.
# Surficial aquifer

Surficial aquifers are shallow aquifers typically less than 50 feet (15 m) thick, but larger surficial aquifers of about 60 feet (18 m) have been mapped. They mostly consist of unconsolidated sand enclosed by layers of limestone, sandstone or clay and the water is commonly extracted for urban use. The aquifers are replenished by streams and from precipitation and can vary in volume considerably as the water table fluctuates. Being shallow, they are susceptible to contamination by fuel spills, industrial discharge, landfills, and saltwater. Parts of southeastern United States are dependent on surficial aquifers for their water supplies.

## Composition

Surficial aquifers system consists mostly of beds of unconsolidated sand, cavity-riddled limestone and shells, sandstone, sand, and clay sand with minor clay or silt from the Pliocene to Holocene periods.
In most cases the flow system is undivided, though in places, clay beds are sufficiently thick and continuous to divide the system into two or three aquifers. Complex interbedding of fine and coarse-textured rocks is typical of the system. These rocks range from late Miocene to Holocene periods.
In Georgia and South Carolina, unnamed, sandy, marine terrace deposits of Pleistocene age and sand of Holocene age comprise the system. These sandy beds commonly contain clay and silt.
In Florida, these aquifers are shallow beds of sea shells and sand that lie less than 100 feet (30 m) underground. They are separated from the Floridan Aquifer by a confining bed of soil. Some have been contaminated by saltwater, yet they provide most of the public freshwater supply southwest of Lake Okeechobee and along the Atlantic coast north of Palm Beach.
In surficial aquifers, the groundwater continuously moves along the hydraulic gradient from areas of recharge to streams and other places of discharge. Surficial aquifers are recharged locally as the water table fluctuates in response to drought or rainfall. Therefore, the temperature and flow from water-table springs varies.

## Important surficial aquifers

The Biscayne Aquifer is a surficial aquifer located in southeast Florida. It covers over 3,000 square miles (7,800 km$^2$), and is the most intensely used water source in Florida, supplying water to Dade County, Broward County, Palm Beach County and Monroe County. The aquifer lies close to the surface and is extremely vulnerable to pollutants that leach through the shallow limestone bedrock. In some areas, it has been contaminated by fuel spills, industrial discharge, landfills, and saltwater.
The Sand and Gravel Aquifer stretches 2,400 square miles (6,200 km$^2$) across the panhandle of Florida and is replenished with rainfall. Over the years water levels have dropped due to water-well use by pumping, and it has been contaminated by industrial waste and saltwater intrusion.
The Chokoloskee Aquifer is surficial aquifer that covers 3,000 square miles (7,800 km$^2$) in southwest Florida. It is recharged by rainfall. It is believed that artificial drainage canals have lowered water levels and increased saltwater intrusion.

## Sources

* University of Florida
# Tonto Village, Arizona

Tonto Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gila County, Arizona, United States. The population was 256 at the 2010 United States Census.

## Geography

Tonto Village is located in northern Gila County in Thompson Draw, a valley south of the Mogollon Rim. It is 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Arizona State Route 260, which leads southwest 15 miles (24 km) to Payson.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Tonto Village CDP has a total area of 0.34 square miles (0.87 km$^2$), all land.
It includes one restaurant, the Double D Bar & Grill. The Hellsgate Fire Department Station 22 has moved to its new location at 230 N Fitch Ln, Payson, AZ 85541. It now maintains the only cell tower in the village. The charter school and church that were previously listed have since closed. The Fire Control road that runs through the village is the sole point of access to the Diamond Point Fire Tower.

## Education

It is in the Payson Unified School District. Payson High School is the zoned comprehensive high school.
# San Ignacio de Loyola International Bridge

The San Ignacio de Loyola International Bridge (Spanish: Puente Internacional San Ignacio de Loyola) is a road bridge that crosses the border between Argentina and Paraguay over the Pilcomayo River, from the Argentine city of Clorinda, to José Falcón, near Asunción, Paraguay's capital.
The bridge is 70 m long and 8 m wide, and marks the end of Argentine National Route 11, which goes 980 km from Rosario to Clorinda.
It is named after Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus. The Jesuit order explored the area and established many missions which later became towns and cities (see Jesuit Reductions).
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, border crossings between Argentina and Paraguay were open only for cargo shipping. On 13 December 2021, The San Ignacio de Loyola Bridge, as well as river crossings between Alberdi and Puerto Formosa reopened after two years of closure.
# Shostak

Shostak (Polish.Szóstak) is a noble surname of Polish—Lithuanian origin, which appeared at the turn of the XV -XVI century.
The surname has become widespread among Polish, Lithuanian, Estonian, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Jewish ethnic groups, due to the emigration of its ancestors caused by the Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

## Origin

The Shostaks come from an ancient Polish family of officials, mainly managing the mints of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The origin of the surname is the name of the silver coin "shostak", minted in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth since 1528 at the mints of Krakow and Torun.

## Known people

* Aleksandr Shostak (born 1974), Belarusian gymnast
* Aliaksei Shostak (born 1995), Belarusian-born American trampoline gymnast
* Arthur B. Shostak (born 1937), American sociologist and futurist
* Dean Shostak, American musician
* Eliezer Shostak (1911–2001), Israeli politician
* Frank Shostak, Austrian economist
* Hanna Sobachko-Shostak (1883–1965), Ukrainian folk painter
* John Shostak (died 1971), American politician
* Konstantin Shostak (born 2000), Belarusian ice hockey player
* Marjorie Shostak (1945–1996), American anthropologist
* Robert Shostak, American computer scientist
* Seth Shostak (born 1943), American astronomer
# 1989 CECAFA Cup

The 1989 CECAFA Cup was the 16th edition of the tournament. It was held in Kenya, and was won by Uganda. The matches were played between December 2–16.
Kenya sent two teams: Kenya A and Kenya B team.

## Group A

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| Kenya A | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | +3 |
| Uganda | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 4 | +3 |
| Zimbabwe | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | +2 |
| Tanzania | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 10 | –8 |

## Group B

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| Zambia | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | +2 |
| Malawi | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | +4 |
| Zanzibar | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | –1 |
| Kenya B | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | –2 |
# Wayne Gill

Wayne John Gill (born 28 November 1975) is an English former footballer and current physio for Brentford FC.

## Career

Gill began his career with Blackburn Rovers making 3 first team appearances and was included in the 1995 Champions League Squad before spending time on loan at Dundee United and Blackpool. He had marked success at Blackpool scoring seven goals in 12 games but was unable to save the Seasiders from relegation. A move to Tranmere Rovers in July 2000 saw Gill make 16 appearances but the following season he moved to Oldham, where he would spend the next two years. In 2003-04, he moved to Scarborough, before a final playing spell with Droylsden. Gill retired from football aged 28, mainly due to an ongoing ankle injury
He is a graduate from the University of Salford with a first class honours Physiotherapy degree, which he completed in 2008. In 2016, he completed a master's degree in Sports Physiotherapy from Bath University. He is currently working as a physiotherapist at Brentford Football Club.
# Takakura

Takakura (jap. 高倉, lit. "tall storehouse") may refer to:
* Takakura, elevated Japanese storehouses
* Emperor Takakura (1161–1181), emperor of Japan
* Ken Takakura (1931–2014), Japanese actor
* Miki Takakura (born 1960), Japanese actress
* Takakura family, a branch of the Japanese Fujiwara clan
* Takakura (2003, September 12), a game character in Harvest Moon: A Wonderful Life