OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Society of Cambridge Youths

The Society of Cambridge Youths is a bellringing society founded and based in Cambridge. It is dedicated to ringing the bells of the university church, Great St Mary's, Cambridge for religious services at the church and also civil and Cambridge University events.

## History of the Society

The parish records of Great St Mary's, Cambridge record that ringing was being undertaken by some form of company of ringers at the church as early as 1572. In 1629 it is hinted in these records that the ringers were at that time called "The Cambridge Scholars". In 1724, when the bells were augmented to 10, the company refounded as "The Society of Cambridge Youths", a name under which the company has continued, making it now the second-oldest ringing society with a continuous history of ringing (the oldest being the Company of Ringers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln who are believed to have been formed in 1612).
The Society rings the bells for not only the regular church services but also the University Sermons which take place twice each University term.
In 2022, the Society installed a ring of bells at St Clement's Church, Cambridge.

## History of the bells it rings at Great St Mary's

Four bells and a sanctus are mentioned in 1516 and it is believed they were at one time hung in a belfry in the churchyard (1594) until the new church tower was not completed until 1608. In 1611 the four bells were recast into a ring of five and augmented to six probably in 1621–2. Two more bells were added to make a ring of eight in 1667/8 and the lightest two of the old six recast. In 1722/3 Richard Phelps recast these bells and added as much metal again to increase the ring to a heavier ring of ten. The tenor was damaged and required recasting by Pack & Chapman in 1770 and the opportunity was taken to increase the ring to twelve. The new front bells were poor examples especially the treble which was shortly recast in 1773. The eleventh was recast in 1825, the tower restored in 1892, the two trebles recast in 1911 and the seventh recast in 1923 due to damage incurred when celebrating the Armistice in 1918. The final major work involved recasting the trebles yet again and rehanging the bells in a new metal frame. For the first time they were also hung to be rung clockwise. In 1992 the 9th cracked during practice ringing and this was repaired (welded) by Soundweld of Lode.
In 2009 following extensive research and consultation a replacement lighter ring (with an incidental bell) in a new frame was installed that not only reduced considerably the problems of tower sway but also resulted in a ring that has been widely praised for its tone, weight and audibility. All the 18th-century bells were preserved, either for display or as part of the clock chimes

## Membership

A ringer is usually only admitted to membership of the society upon showing regular commitment to the ringing at Great St Mary's. Membership is for life and the network of former resident members of the Youths stretches across the globe.
# Atengo

Atengo is both a small town and a municipality of the region Sierra de Amula in the Mexican state Jalisco.
The municipality covers an area of 440.6 km² and is 1,417 m above sea level. As of the year 2005, the municipality had a total population of 4,918. The name “Atengo” in the Nahuatl language can be translated to: “at the edge of the water”, and may also be interpreted as either: “place situated at the border of the river” or “at the bank”, additionally; Atengo was once inhabited by an indigenous Toltec people who worshiped an idol which they referred to as “Pupuca”. The following is a list of cities, towns, villages, and/or hamlets located in the municipality of Atengo: Agostadero, Atengo, Confradia de Lepe, Confradia de Pimienta, Crucero, El Macuchi, El Ojo de Agua, El Quemado, El Salitre Grande, El Salitre de Sedano, Huaxtla, La Chale, Las Juntas, Los Arribeños, San Pedro la Chale, San Rafael, Soyatlán del Oro, Tacota, Telexeca, Trigo de Alteñas, and La Yerbabuena.
# Bentonville Anti-Horse Thief Society

The Bentonville Anti-Horse Thief Society was founded in Bentonville, Ohio in March 1853. The society was created to stop horse thievery, since horses were essential to transportation and farming in the 19th century.
The society has been operational for over 150 years, allowing anyone to join. Previously, the cost of membership and dues went to the recovery of horses and hanging of the thief. The thieves were hung without trials.
While horse thievery is no longer a problem, the society still operates. It holds meetings with the function shifted from a citizens enforcement group to a social club.
There are thousands of members across America, as well as many international members. Lifetime membership is granted for a donation of $1.
The society holds an annual banquet on the last Saturday of April.
# Stanisław Gąsienica Daniel

Stanisław Gąsienica Daniel (born 6 March 1951 in Zakopane) is a Polish former ski jumper who competed during the early 1970s. He won a bronze medal in the individual large hill at the 1970 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Vysoké Tatry which was also his best finish in his short career. He also competed for Poland at the 1972 Winter Olympics.
# Clark cell

The Clark cell, invented by English engineer Josiah Latimer Clark in 1873, is a wet-chemical cell (colloquially: battery) that produces a highly stable voltage. In 1893, the output of the Clark cell at 15 °C was defined by the International Electrical Congress as 1.434 volts, and this definition became law in the United States in 1894. This definition was later supplanted by one based on the Weston cell.

## Chemistry

Clark cells use a zinc, or zinc amalgam, anode and a mercury cathode in a saturated aqueous solution of zinc sulfate, with a paste of mercurous sulfate as depolarizer.

## Construction
### Original cell

Clark's original cell was set up in a glass jar in a similar way to a gravity Daniell cell. The copper cathode was replaced by a pool of mercury at the bottom of the jar. Above this was the mercurous sulfate paste and, above that, the zinc sulfate solution. A short zinc rod dipped into the zinc sulfate solution. The zinc rod was supported by a cork with two holes — one for the zinc rod and the other for a glass tube reaching to the bottom of the cell. A platinum wire, fused into the glass tube, made contact with the mercury pool. When complete, the cell was sealed with a layer of marine glue.

### H-form cell

The H-form cell was introduced by Lord Rayleigh in 1882. It was set up in an H-shaped glass vessel with zinc amalgam in one leg and pure mercury, surmounted by a layer of mercurous sulfate paste, in the other. The vessel was filled, nearly to the top, with zinc sulfate solution. Electrical connections to the zinc amalgam and the mercury were made by platinum wires fused through the lower ends of the legs.

## Characteristics

The cell yields a reference EMF of 1.4328 volts at a temperature of 15 °C (288 K). Reference cells must be applied in such a way that no current is drawn from them. The design had two drawbacks—a rather large temperature coefficient of −1.15 mV/°C, and corrosion problems caused by the platinum wires alloying with the zinc amalgam connections where they enter the glass envelope.
In 1905, Clark cells were supplanted as a voltage standard by the more temperature-independent Weston cell.

## Sources

* Practical Electricity by W. E. Ayrton and T. Mather, published by Cassell and Company, London, 1911, pp 198–203
# Yankee (film)

Yankee is a 1966 Italian-Spanish Western film directed by Tinto Brass and starring Philippe Leroy.

## Plot

Local crime boss El Grande Concho rules with his gang from an abandoned church over a big territory. Hoping for a substantial payday a bounty hunter called "Yankee" decides to take him on.

## Cast

* Philippe Leroy - Yankee
* Adolfo Celi - Grande Concho
* Mirella Martin - Rosita
* Tomás Torres - Luiz
* Francisco Sanz - Consalvo (as Paco Sanz)
* Franco De Rosa - Angelface
* Víctor Israel - the sheriff
* Pasquale Basile - Denti d'oro
* Jacques Herlin - Filosofo
* Giorgio Bret Schneider - Pittore
* Antonio Basile - Tatuato
* Renzo Pevarello - the Portuguese
* César Ojinaga - the deputy sheriff (as Caesar Ojinaga)
* Valentino Macchi - Garcia
* Tomas Milton - Tom
* Henriquetta Senalada (as Enriquetta Señalada)
* Jose Halufi - Perro (as José Jalufi)
# Takata, Fukuoka

Takata (高田町, Takata-machi) was a town located in Miike District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 14,525 and a density of 354.18 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 41.01 km$^2$.
On January 29, 2007, Takata, along with the towns of Setaka and Yamakawa (both from Yamato District), was merged to create the city of Miyama.
# Taira no Munemori

Taira no Munemori (平 宗盛, 1147 – June 19, 1185) was heir to Taira no Kiyomori, and one of the Taira clan's chief commanders in the Genpei War.
As his father Taira no Kiyomori laid on his deathbed, Kiyomori declared, among his last wishes, that all affairs of the clan be placed in Munemori's hands. His eldest son, Shigemori, had already died two years earlier, so Munemori became next in line.
In 1183, the rival Minamoto clan gained power, with Minamoto no Yoshinaka and Minamoto no Yukiie besieging the capital city. Following the defection of Emperor Go-Shirakawa to the Minamoto side, Munemori led his forces in capturing the capital city to the west, along with the young Emperor Antoku.$^{:293–294}$ In September that same year, the Taira established a temporary Court in Kyūshū, and then Yashima.
Munemori took part in nearly every battle of the war, including the Battle of Dan-no-ura in 1185, where he was captured and later executed a few days later.$^{:303,314}$
# World Para Ice Hockey European Championships

The World Para Ice Hockey European Championships (formerly IPC Ice Sledge Hockey European Championships) is the European ice sledge hockey championships. The European Championship is also a qualifying tournament for the IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships and the Paralympic Games.
The first European Championship was held in 2005.

## Summaries

| Year | Host | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2005 Details | CZE (Zlín) | Germany | Sweden | Estonia |
| 2007 Details | ITA (Pinerolo) | Norway | Czech Republic | Germany |
| 2011 Details | SWE (Sollefteå) | Italy | Czech Republic | Norway |
| 2016 Details | SWE (Östersund) | Russia | Italy | Norway |

## Participation details

| Team | 2005 | 2007 | 2011 | 2016 | Total |
| Czech Republic | 4th | 2nd | 2nd | 4th | 4 |
| Estonia | 3rd | 5th | 4th | - | 3 |
| Germany | 1st | 3rd | 6th | 6th | 4 |
| Great Britain | 5th | - | 8th | - | 2 |
| Italy | 6th | 6th | 1st | 2nd | 4 |
| Netherlands | - | - | 10th | - | 1 |
| Norway | - | 1st | 3rd | 3rd | 3 |
| Poland | - | 7th | 9th | - | 2 |
| Russia | - | - | 7th | 1st | 2 |
| Sweden | 2nd | 4th | 5th | 5th | 4 |
# World Parachuting Championships

World Parachuting Championships is the main competitive parachuting championships in the World, and is organised by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.

## 2022

* Parachuting (Skydiving): 9-26 October 2022 in Eloy, Arizona, USA, and is organised by Skydive Arizona.
* 20th FAI World Canopy Formation Championships
* 9th FAI World Canopy Piloting Championships
* 3rd FAI World Canopy Piloting Freestyle Championships
* 4th FAI World Wingsuit Flying Championships
* 25th FAI World Formation Skydiving Championships
* 14th FAI World Artistic Events Championships
* 4th FAI World Speed Skydiving Championships

## Canopy piloting
### Events

* Distance
* Speed
* Accuracy
* Freestyle

### Championships

| | Year | City | Country | Date | Venue |
| 1st | 2006 | Vienna | Austria | 23–27 August | |
| 2nd | 2008 | Pretoria | South Africa | 18–23 November | |
| 3rd | 2010 | Kolomna | Russia | 7–15 August | |
| 4th | 2012 | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | 28 November – 9 December | |
| 5th | 2014 | Zephyrhills | United States | 1–7 November | |
| 6th | 2016 | Farnham | Canada | 20–25 August | Unmatched |
| 7th | 2018 | Wrocław, Szymanów | Poland | 3–10 July | |
| 8th | 2022 | Skydive Arizona, Eloy, Arizona | United States | 9–26 October | |
| 9th | 2024 | Pretoria | South Africa | 25–29 September | |

## Landing and style
### Events

* Accuracy landing
* Freefall style

### Championships

List is incomplete
| | Year | City | Country | Date |
| 23rd | 1996 | Békéscsaba | Hungary | 14 September- 22 September |
| 28th | 2004 | Rijeka | Croatia | |
| 29th | 2006 | Stupino | Russia | |
| 30th | 2008 | Lučenec | Slovakia | |
| 31st | 2010 | Nikšić | Montenegro | 28 August – 4 September |
| 32nd | 2012 | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | 28 November – 9 December |
| 33rd | 2014 | Banja Luka | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 15 – 23 August |
| 36th | 2021 | Kemerovo | Russia | 9 – 21 August |
| 37th | 2022 | Strakonice | Czech Republic | 18 – 23 July |
| 38th | 2024 | Prostějov | Czech Republic | 1 – 6 September |

## Skydiving
### Events

* Formation skydiving (4-Way, 4-Way Women, 8-Way, VFS 4-Way)
* Artistic (Freestyle skydiving, Freeflying)
* Speed skydiving

### Championships

List is incomplete
| | Year | City | Country | Date | Venue |
| 17th | 2006 | Gera | Germany | | |
| 18th | 2008 | La Salmagne - Maubeuge | France | | |
| 19th | 2010 | Menzelinsk | Russia | 31 July – 6 August | |
| 20th | 2012 | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | 28 November – 9 December | |
| 21st | 2014 | Prostějov | Czech Republic | 25–31 August | |
| 22nd | 2016 | Chicago | USA | September | |
| 23rd | 2018 | Gold Coast | Australia | 7 – 13 October | Runaway Bay |
| — | 2024 | Beaufort | USA | 6 – 11 October | Crystal Coast Skydiving |
# Takayus xui

Takayus xui is a species of comb-footed spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in China.
# Take My Breath Away (disambiguation)

"Take My Breath Away" is a 1986 song by Berlin written for the film Top Gun, also covered by Jessica Simpson.
Take My Breath Away may also refer to:
* "Take My Breath Away" (Alesso song), 2016
* "Take My Breath Away" (Emma Bunton song), 2001
* "Take My Breath Away" (Margo Smith song), 1976
* Take My Breath Away (album), a 2009 album by Gui Boratto
* "Take My Breath Away", an episode of Degrassi: The Next Generation
# Taltheilei Narrows Water Aerodrome

Taltheilei Narrows Water Aerodrome (TC LID: CED9) is located in McLeod Bay on Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is open from June to September.
# Woolly goat chicory

Woolly goat chicory is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Agoseris apargioides
* Agoseris hirsuta
# Tammara Billik

Tammara M. "Tammy" Billik (born June 21, 1962 in Palo Alto, California) is an American Hollywood casting director who has cast hundreds of roles in television. Her best-known casting decision is when she and veteran casting director Marc Hirschfeld cast Ed O'Neill as Al Bundy for Fox Broadcasting's cult hit, Married... with Children.
In 1997, she also cast "The Puppy Episode" of the ABC series Ellen which saw Laura Dern, Emma Thompson, Sean Penn and many others as part of Ellen DeGeneres' history-making, coming-out experience.

## Career

Billik began her casting career working on movies including Raiders of the Lost Ark and E.T. As a casting assistant, she worked with top Casting Directors including Mike Fenton, Elisabeth Leustig, Mary Colquhoun and Judith Holstra/Marcia Ross. In 1987 she became the Casting Director of the Fox television series Married... with Children, and cast over 150 episodes of the series.
Billik received an Artios Award from the Casting Society of America in 1997 for her work on the Emmy winning series Ellen . Billik's casting of that series included bringing on series regulars Jeremy Piven and notable guest stars including, Emma Thompson, Jennifer Aniston, ZZ Top, Linda Ellerbee, Laura Dern. The "coming out" episode of Ellen The Puppy Episode was viewed by 27 million on ABC when it aired on April 30, 1997.
Billik has also cast the long-running series, Unhappily Ever After, for the now-defunct WB, which starred, Kevin Connolly, Nikki Cox, Geoff Pierson, Stephanie Hodge, Kristanna Loken and Ant (comedian). She then went on to cast the pilot and first season of the ABC series Samantha Who which reunited her with Married... with Children star Christina Applegate. In 1997, Billik won the prestigious Artios award for excellence in casting. She has been nominated on three additional occasions (twice for Ellen, and once for Samantha Who).
Billik is an executive producer on the short feature Boutonniere which is an official selection for the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, and as associate producer on the Sony Digital-produced webseries "Star-ving" starring David Faustino. In 2008, she launched AreUaStar for aspiring actors to connect with Casting Directors.

## Education

Billik is a 1983 graduate of the University of California, Los Angeles. She received her Juris Doctor from Loyola Law School in Los Angeles before she was admitted to the State Bar of California in 1992.

## Activism

Billik has served on the board of directors of the largest national gay & lesbian organization, the Human Rights Campaign from 1998 to 2004. She has also been a longstanding member of the board of directors of the Los Angeles Gay & Lesbian Center, which is the largest LGBT social services organization in the world. Billik has also served as a board member for the Casting Society of America.
Billik was honored with the Guardian of Justice award by Temple Kol Ami in 2000 and with an honorary Artios award from the Casting Society of America for her leadership in organizing Casting Directors into a collective bargaining unit – Teamsters Local 399.
# Tamagaki

A tamagaki (玉垣) is a fence surrounding a Japanese Shinto shrine, a sacred area or an imperial palace. Believed to have been initially just a brushwood barrier of trees, tamagaki have since been made of a variety of materials including wood, stone and—in recent years—concrete. Depending on the material and technique utilized, such fences have a variety of names:
* board fence (板玉垣, ita tamagaki) made of roughly finished thick boards,
* unbarked lumber fence (黒木の玉垣, kuroki no tamagaki) made of unpeeled or unstripped boards or logs,
* squared timber fence (角玉垣, kaku tamagaki),
* squared lattice fence (角格子玉垣, kakugōshi tamagaki) and diagonal lattice fence (筋違格子玉垣, sujikaigōshi tamagaki),
* vermillion fence (朱玉垣, shutamagaki),
* tatehigo tamagaki (竪籤玉垣) made of vertically set thin strips of bamboo or wood,
* see-through fence (透垣, sukashigaki)
The simple fences of ancient and medieval times became more elaborate in pre-modern Japan with the addition of roofs, wainscoting and grilles between posts. An example is the 1636 Tōzai Sukibei (東西透塀) around the main sanctuary of Nikkō Tōshō-gū.
If the enclosed area is surrounded by multiple fences, generally the innermost one is called mizugaki (瑞垣 or 瑞籬). The inner sanctuary (内宮, naikū) of Ise Grand Shrine is surrounded by four fences. From outside to inside these are: itagaki (板垣), outer and inner tamagaki and mizugaki. At Ise these fences separate areas for worshipers of different status. All visitors are allowed to pass a gate through the outermost itagaki fence, while traditionally only members of the imperial family were allowed to pass through the second fence, the outer tamagaki. Today this privilege has been extended to elected representatives. Local mayors and members of assemblies worship at the inner eaves of the outer tamagaki, representatives of prefectural governments, officials of Ise Shrine and Living National Treasures stand halfway between the outer and inner tamagaki. The prime minister, members of both chambers of the diet, and other senior elected officials are allowed to the point just outside the gateway to the inner tamagaki. Entrance to the inner tamagaki is limited to members of the imperial family and only the emperor and the empress are generally allowed to enter through the innermost mizugaki fence.
The tamagaki and the traditional torii gate are sometimes replaced by a covered corridor called kairō and a rōmon gate. Originally Buddhist, neither was initially typical of shrines, but in time they often came to play the role of the more traditional tamagaki. A famous example is Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū in Kyoto prefecture. This phenomenon was partly caused by the strong influence of Buddhism on kami worship due to the syncretic fusion of Buddhism and local religion (shinbutsu shūgō).
# Worcester Tramways Company

Worcester Tramways Company and its predecessors operated a horse-drawn tramway service in Worcester between 1884 and 1902.

## Tramways Trust Company

The Worcester Tramways Order of 1881 authorised the Tramways Trust Company to build a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge horse tramway. There was a depot at St Johns, Bull Ring and three branches on the 3.5 mile network:
* The Cross – St Johns
* City Centre – Foregate St – Barbourne – Ombersley Rd
* St Nicholas St – Shrub Hill station.
Although the order was granted in 1881 it took the promoters some time to raise the funds necessary. Construction started in mid 1883 with the contractor being Mr. T.D. Sheild of the City of London Contract Corporation. Six tramcars were ordered in August 1883 from the Falcon Engine and Car Works in Loughborough. They were knifeboard-seat double-deck cars seating 16 passengers inside and 18 outside. The cars were painted yellow and white, picked out with gold, bearing the arms of the city. Three routes were inspected by Major-General Charles Scrope Hutchinson on 23 January 1884 and services started on 18 February 1884. One of the six tramcars originally ordered operated between Worcester Shrub Hill railway station and The Cross, and the others worked a cross-town service.
The Tramways Trust Company went into liquidation on 12 December 1885.
Plans were approved by the Board of Trade in 1886 for extensions, but, presumably due to the financial state of the company, these were not constructed.

## City of Worcester Tramways Company

The City of Worcester Tramways Company purchased the Worcester tramway from the liquidator in 1889 Despite investment which included converting the double track in Broad Street between the Crown Inn and Falcon Inn to interlaced track with 4 feet 6 inches (1.37 m) clearances, this new company was unable to improve the financial position and the company was purchased by Pritchard Green and Company, Consulting Engineers of Birmingham on 13 August 1893.

## Worcester Tramways Ltd

The Worcester Tramways Ltd took over the assets on 27 February 1894. The new company appointed Richard Robert Fairburn as manager. Fairburn introduced horse bus services to outlying villages. The Shrub Hill line was suspended in 1896 but subsequently re-opened. By 1900 the company had 7 double-deck and 2 single-deck tramcars, 8 double-deck and 3 single-deck horse buses. The 104 horses operated 3¼ miles of tramway and 5 bus routes of 18 miles in length.
In 1898 British Electric Traction gained control of the company. Plans were put in place for modernisation and electrification of the system. The Worcester Tramways Act of 1901 and the Worcester (Extension) Light Railway Order of 1902 gave the British Electric Traction subsidiary company, Worcester Electric Traction Company, authority to upgrade, extend and electrically operate a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge tramway.
On 31 October 1902 Worcester Electric Traction Company took over the Worcester Tramways Company, which was finally dissolved in 1906.