OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Treaty of Mignano

The Treaty of Mignano of 1139 was the treaty which ended more than a decade of constant war in the Italian Mezzogiorno following the union of the mainland duchy of Apulia and Calabria with the County of Sicily in 1127.
In 1130, Antipope Anacletus II had crowned Roger II king. The legitimate pope, Innocent II, did not recognise this title and many of Roger's peninsular vassals took exception to his exercising royal authority over them. Over the decade of the 1130s, Roger defeated his vassals one by one until in 1137, the Emperor Lothair II came down with the pope and conquered most of the south. Lothair's death deprived the southern barons of their support, however, and Roger quickly reconquered his territories. In 1139 the papal-imperial duke of Apulia, Ranulf of Alife, died.
Innocent and the dispossessed Prince Robert II of Capua marched to reassert their authority. At Galluccio, Roger's son ambushed the papal troops with only a thousand knights and captured the pope and his entourage. Three days later, on 25 July at Mignano, Innocent confirmed the elder Roger as rex Siciliae ducatus Apuliae et principatus Capuae and invested him with his titles. He also invested Roger's son as duke of Apulia, and another son, Alfonso, as prince of Capua.
In 1143, Innocent refused to recognise the treaty, but Roger sent Robert of Selby to march on papal Benevento. Mignano was reaffirmed. In 1156, by the Treaty of Benevento, the tribute to the pope of 600 schifati agreed upon by Roger II in 1139 was affirmed and another 400 schifati was added for newly conquered lands.
# Sezgin

Sezgin is a common Turkish given name. In Turkish, "Sezgin" means "(someone) who is insightful" or "(someone) who is capable of intuition". The name is used as surname, as well.

## Given name

* Sezgin Ataç (born 1998), Turkish athlete
* Sezgin Coşkun (born 1984), Turkish football player
* Sezgin Baran Korkmaz (born 1977), Turkish businessman
* Sezgin Tanrıkulu (born 1963), Turkish lawyer and politician

## Surname

* Adnan Sezgin (born 1954), Turkish football player
* Aydın Adnan Sezgin (born 1956), Turkish diplomat and politician
* Ayşe Sezgin (born 1958), Turkish diplomat
* Fuat Sezgin (1924–2018), Turkish historian of Arabic-Islamic science
* İsmet Sezgin (1928–2016), Turkish politician
* Sezer Sezgin (born 1986), Turkish football player
* Bekir Sıtkı Sezgin (1936–1996), Turkish musician
* Hayri Sezgin (born 1961), Turkish wrestler
# List of Crush Gear Nitro episodes

The following is the list of Crush Gear Nitro episodes, where the airdate shown is the date of the episode aired in Japan for the first time.
| # | Episode Title | Japanese Title | Original airdate |
| 1 | Kike! Gia no Kodō o! | 聞け! ギアの鼓動を! | February 2, 2003 |
| 2 | Hide no Gyakushū! | ヒデの逆襲！ | February 9, 2003 |
| 3 | Kakusei! Mahhajasutisu | 覚醒！ マッハジャスティス | February 16, 2003 |
| 4 | Nazo no Shōnen TB | 謎の少年　TB | February 23, 2003 |
| 5 | Jurietto o Sagase! | ジュリエットを探せ！ | March 2, 2003 |
| 6 | Oe! Kingushubarutsu | 追え！　キングシュバルツ | March 9, 2003 |
| 7 | Rusuban Panikku! | 留守番パニック！ | March 16, 2003 |
| 8 | Tokkun! IOD | 特訓！　I・O・D | March 23, 2003 |
| 9 | Giafaito Kinshirei | ギアファイト禁止令 | March 30, 2003 |
| 10 | Arashi no Giakurabu | 嵐のギアクラブ | April 6, 2003 |
| 11 | Hakunetsu! Gia Kōshien | 白熱！ギア甲子園 | April 13, 2003 |
| 12 | Kessen! Yuu tai Masaru | 決戦！由宇vs勝 | April 20, 2003 |
| 13 | Ugokidashita Kage | 動き出した影 | April 27, 2003 |
| 14 | ZET no Shikaku | ZETの刺客 | May 4, 2003 |
| 15 | Kyōfu no Jamā Fīrudo! | 恐怖のジャマーフィールド！ | May 11, 2003 |
| 16 | Kouda Ganbaru! | 国府田がんばる！ | May 18, 2003 |
| 17 | Ubawareta Sandābureikā | 奪われたサンダーブレイカー | May 25, 2003 |
| 18 | Maboroshi no Giafaitā | 幻のギアファイター | June 1, 2003 |
| 19 | Sennyūsha wa Dareda!? | 潜入者は誰だ！？ | June 8, 2003 |
| 20 | ZET Shitennō Shūrai! | ZET四天王襲来！ | June 22, 2003 |
| 21 | Totsunyū! ZET Gakuen | 突入！ZET学園 | June 29, 2003 |
| 22 | Nitoro Gekitotsu! KN tai Masaru! | ニトロ激突！KN対勝！ | July 13, 2003 |
| 23 | TB no Ketsui | TBの決意 | July 20, 2003 |
| 24 | Urufu tai Jagā | ウルフ対ジャガー | July 27, 2003 |
| 25 | Masaru no Fukkatsu!! | 勝の復活！！ | August 3, 2003 |
| 26 | Sekai Taikai Kaimaku! | 世界大会開幕！ | August 10, 2003 |
| 27 | Nessen! Giatoraiasuron | 熱戦！ギアトライアスロン | August 17, 2003 |
| 28 | Hide wa Mamorigami!? | ヒデは守り神！？ | August 24, 2003 |
| 29 | Kojō no Bōrei | 古城の亡霊 | August 31, 2003 |
| 30 | Umi no Ue no Giafaitā | 海の上のギアファイター | September 7, 2003 |
| 31 | Shinka! Hebīsupaiku F (Fōsu) | 進化！ヘビースパイクF（フォース） | September 14, 2003 |
| 32 | Aratanaru Kuro no Ō | 新たなる黒の王 | September 21, 2003 |
| 33 | Nyūkon! Mahhavikutorī | 入魂！マッハヴィクトリー | September 28, 2003 |
| 34 | Giafaitā Makoto! | ギアファイター・誠！ | October 5, 2003 |
| 35 | Mori no Yōjinbō | 森の用心棒 | October 12, 2003 |
| 36 | Chitei Kara no Chōsen | 地底からの挑戦 | October 19, 2003 |
| 37 | Futari no Arora? | ふたりのアロラ？ | October 26, 2003 |
| 38 | Natsumi, Namida no Mō Tokkun | なつみ、涙の猛特訓 | November 2, 2003 |
| 39 | Sekai Taikai no Yukue | 世界大会のゆくえ | November 9, 2003 |
| 40 | Marco no Shinjitsu | マルコの真実 | November 16, 2003 |
| 41 | Ōkami no Kodoku | 狼の孤独 | November 23, 2003 |
| 42 | Unmei no Kyōdai Taiketsu | 運命の兄弟対決 | November 30, 2003 |
| 43 | Kingukaizā no Shukumei | キングカイザーの宿命 | December 7, 2003 |
| 44 | Zero no Kyōchi | ゼロの境地 | December 14, 2003 |
| 45 | Sayonara TB | さよならTB | December 21, 2003 |
| 46 | Hide, Saigo no Tatakai | ヒデ、最後の戦い | December 28, 2003 |
| 47 | Chōjō Kessen! Yuu tai Masaru | 頂上決戦！由宇　対　勝 | January 4, 2004 |
| 48 | Gia Batoruroiyaru | ギア・バトルロイヤル | January 11, 2004 |
| 49 | Sankyō Gekitotsu! Saigo no Kessen!!! | 3強激突！最後の決戦！！！ | January 18, 2004 |
| 50 | Nitoro no Kanata e | 風（ニトロ）の彼方へ | January 25, 2004 |
# The Tribe (Buzoku)

The Tribe was the best known name of a loose-knit countercultural group in Japan in the 1960s and 1970s. It is reported to have begun in the vicinity of Shinjuku, and leadership included Nanao Sakaki, Tetsuo Nagasawa, Sansei Yamao, Mamoru Kato, and Kenji Akiba. Members espoused an interest in an alternative community, and rejected materialism.

## Membership

The organization which would later become known as "The Tribe" initially called itself "the Bum Academy", or sometimes Harijan. During their early years, this group published three issues of a magazine, called Psyche, which attracted some attention. It was some time after the group obtained land in Nagano Prefecture and on Suwanosejima, that "the Tribe" (Buzoku) became their common alias. Starting in December 1967, they published a newspaper, also called Buzoku. By 1970, according to Yamao, a few thousand people felt some varying degrees of belonging to the Tribe, although the majority of the group's membership at this time was likely younger. American poet and scholar Gary Snyder was also an influential member of the Tribe, and Bhagavan Das spent some time with the Tribe on Suwanosejima in 1971–2.

## Ashram

A group member known as Sakaki found available land on Suwanosejima and brought several friends there, from the highland farm they had already started in Nagano in May 1967. This was the beginning of the "Banyan Ashram". In 2004, according to Sakaki, some ten families were still living at this commune.
# Zem

Zem can refer to:
* Zem, a character from Crash Bandicoot
* Nkong-Zem, a town and commune in Cameroon
* Roschdy Zem (born 1965), a French actor and filmmaker of Moroccan descent
* ZEM, a Portuguese Pop-Rock band
* Zem (mattress), a character in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams
* ZEM, the IATA code for Eastmain River Airport, Quebec, Canada
# William Wimsatt

William Wimsatt may refer to:
* William A. Wimsatt (born 1917), professor of Zoology
* William C. Wimsatt (born 1941), philosopher and teacher
* William Kurtz Wimsatt, Jr. (1907–1975), American professor of English
* William Upski Wimsatt (born 1973), graffiti artist, author, and activist
# Lynne Walker

Lynne Walker may refer to:
* Lynne Walker (critic) (1956–2011), Scottish-born music and theatre critic
* Lynne Walker (politician) (born 1962), Australian politician in the Northern Territory
# Sexserrata

Sexserrata is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, Sexserrata hampsoni, is found in the US state of California. Both the genus and species were first described by William Barnes and Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1922.
# Spectracanthicus tocantinensis

Spectracanthicus tocantinensis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the lower Tocantins River in the state of Pará in Brazil. The species reaches 9.3 cm (3.7 inches) SL. Its specific epithet, tocantinensis, refers to its type locality, the Tocantins.
S. tocantinensis occasionally appears in the aquarium trade, where it is typically referred to either as the spotted Maraba pleco (presumably referencing the Brazilian municipality of Marabá, located near the confluence of the Tocantins and the Itacaiúnas River) or by one of two associated L-numbers, which are L-086 and LDA-014.
# Zebrina

Zebrina is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Enidae.

## Description

The solid shell is rimately perforated, oblong-conic or fusiformly cylindrical. The apex is horny and rather obtuse. The body whorl is shorter than the spire. The small aperture is obliquely oval. The peristome is straight, labiate within and dentate. The right margin is rather expanded. The columellar margin is reflexed and patulous.

## Species

Species in the genus Zebrina include:
* † Zebrina beringi Schütt, 1985
* † Zebrina cylindroides Wenz, 1930
* Zebrina dardana (R.A. Philippi, 1844)
* Zebrina detrita (O. F. Müller, 1774)
* Zebrina fasciolata (Olivier, 1801) – type species for genus Zebrina
* † Zebrina gumsiana Steklov, 1966
* Zebrina spratti (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Zebrina caesia (O. Boettger, 1885): synonym of Rhabdoena cosensis (Reeve, 1849) (junior subjective synonym)
* Zebrina carducha (E. von Martens, 1874): synonym of Iranopsis carduchus (E. von Martens, 1874) (superseded combination)
* Zebrina eburnea (L. Pfeiffer, 1842): synonym of Leucomastus eburneus (L. Pfeiffer, 1842) (superseded combination)
* Zebrina kindermanni (L. Pfeiffer, 1853) : synonym of Leucomastus kindermanni (L. Pfeiffer, 1854)
* Zebrina libbahensis (Tomlin, 1910): synonym of Zebrinops libbahensis (Tomlin, 1910)
* Zebrina schalfejewi (Gredler, 1898): synonym of Clausiliopsis schalfejewi (Gredler, 1898)
* Zebrina varnensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1847): synonym of Leucomastus varnensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) (superseded generic combination)
# T. J. Lottie

T. J. Lottie is an American singer. She was a member of the R&B group So Plush, which was on the label Epic Records. She is married to former NBA player Richard Hamilton. She has three children, including a 2-year-old daughter, Peyton. The couple was married in Boca Raton, Florida. Special guests included Dwyane Wade, Rasheed Wallace, Chauncey Billups, Michael Jordan, and many others. Lottie has one son with Hamilton, Richard Clay Hamilton II.
# Treaty of Montevideo

There have been several treaties signed in Montevideo such as:
* 1828 Treaty of Montevideo in which Brazil and Argentina recognized the independence of Uruguay, after British mediation.
* Any of the treaties signed during the South American Congress of Private International Law of 1888-1889 or the South American Congress of Private International Law of 1939-1940 in Montevideo.
* 1890 Treaty of Montevideo signed between Argentina and Brazil to solve the so-called question of Palmas.
* 1960 Treaty of Montevideo established the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA).
* 1979 Treaty of Montevideo (Act of Montevideo) signed between Chile and Argentina to allow the Papal mediation in the Beagle conflict.
* 1980 Treaty of Montevideo transformed LAFTA into Latin American Integration Association (ALADI).
# Sexræd and Sæward of Essex

Sexred, or Sexræd (d. 626?), and Sæward (Sæward of Essex) are two brothers who jointly served as king of the East Saxons after the death of their father Sæbert.
Their father converted to Christianity in 604, becoming the first Christian king of the East Saxons. When Sæberht died in c. 616? the two brothers ruled jointly as king, perhaps with another, said on no good authority to have been named Sigebert (Bromton, ap. Decem SS. col. 743) but perhaps the unplaced Seaxbald, father of Swithhelm. Both refused to accept Christianity, openly practised paganism and gave permission to his subjects to worship their idols. They repressed Christianity in favour of the indigenous English religion, allowing the worship of their people's native gods.
When the brothers saw Mellitus (d. 624), bishop of London, giving the eucharist to the people in church, it was commonly believed in the Venerable Bede's time that they said to him, "Why do you not offer us the white bread that you used to give to our father Saba, for so they called him, and which you still give to the people?" Mellitus answered that if they would be washed in the font they should have it, but that otherwise it would do them no good. But they said that they would not enter the font, for they did not need washing but refreshment. The matter was often explained to them by the bishop, who persisted in refusing their request. At last they grew angry and banished him from their kingdom. Not long afterwards they went out to fight with the West Saxons, their army being almost wholly destroyed (Bede, Hist. Eccl. ii. c. 5). This battle was fought against Cynegils and Cwichelm of Wessex, the West Saxon kings who invaded their territory with a larger force than the East Saxons could muster in or about 626. They and their brother were killed in a battle against the forces of Wessex.
They were succeeded by Sigeberht the Little. Some sources suggest that their direct successor was actually Sigeberht the Good.

## In popular culture

The first series of BBC Four comedy Detectorists follows a group of characters searching for Sexred's lost burial place, in the hope of uncovering a Saxon hoard.
# Spectromorphology

Spectromorphology is the perceived sonic footprint of a sound spectrum as it manifests in time. A descriptive spectromorphological analysis of sound is sometimes used in the analysis of electroacoustic music, especially acousmatic music. The term was coined by Denis Smalley in 1986 and is considered the most adequate English term to designate the field of sound research associated with the French writer, composer, and academic, Pierre Schaeffer.
Schaeffer's work at INA/GRM in Paris, beginning in the late 1940s, culminated in the publication of the book Traité des objets musicaux in 1966. Smalley's notion of spectromorphology builds upon Schaeffer's theories relating to the use of a classification system for various categories of sound.
Smalley's term refers to the descriptive analysis of perceived morphological developments in sound spectra over time, and it implies that the "spectro" cannot exist without the morphology: something has to be shaped and that something must have sonic content (Smalley, 1986, 1997).

## Theoretical framework

The theoretical framework of spectro-morphology is articulated mainly in four parts:
* the typology of the spectra
* morphology
* motion
* structuring processes.

### Spectral typologies

Smalley defines three different spectral typologies that exist in what he calls the noise-note continuum. This continuum is subdivided into three principal elements:
* the noise.
* the node (an event having a more complex texture than a single pitch).
* the note, which is in turn subdivided into note, harmonic spectrum and inharmonic spectrum.

### Morphological archetypes

Smalley also designates different morphological archetypes:
* attack-impulse. Modeled on the single detached note: a sudden onset which is immediately terminated. In this instance the attack-onset is also the termination.
* attack-decay (closed and open) - modeled on sounds in which the attack-onset is extended by a resonance that quickly or gradually decays towards termination. The closed form represents a quick decay which is strongly attack-determined. The open form reflects a more gradual decay where the ear is drawn away from the formative influence of the attack into the continuing behaviour of the sound on its way to termination.
* graduated continuant - Modeled on sustained sounds. The onset is graduated, settling into a continuant phase which eventually closes in a graduated termination. The onset is perceived as a much less formative influence than in the other two archetypes. Attention is drawn to the way in which the sound is maintained rather than to its initiation.
# The View from the Floor

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Pitchfork Media | 5.8/10 link |
| PopMatters | link |
The View from the Floor is the 2005 debut album by Slow Dazzle.

## Track listing

* "Fleur de Lis" (Shannon McArdle) – 3:13
* "A Welfare State" (Timothy Bracy) – 3:32
* "Wedding Dance" (McArdle) – 4:02
* "The Prosecution Rests" (Bracy) – 4:55
* "The Extent of My Remarks" (Bracy) – 3:27
* "The View from the Floor" (McArdle) – 2:17
* "Anthem" (Leonard Cohen) – 6:32
* "Now or Never or Later" (Bracy) – 4:24

## Personnel

* Performed by Shannon McArdle, Timothy Bracy, and Peter Langland-Hassan
* Recorded by Peter Langland-Hassan
* Mastered by Vin Scialla at Avenue A Studios
* Layout and design by Dave Ewald
* This 2005 rock album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Taradevi Harakhchand Kankaria Jain College

Taradevi Harakhchand Kankaria Jain College is a self-financing undergraduate college in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It was established in 2006 by kankaria group. It is affiliated with the University of Calcutta.

## Departments
### Science

* Computer Science
* Microbiology
* Botany
* Zoology

### Arts and Commerce

* Bengali
* English
* journalism and mass communication
* Hindi
* History
* Geography
* Political Science
* Economics
* Accountancy and Finance
* Marketing
* Business Administration
# Metironeus

Metironeus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Metironeus hesperus Chemsak, 1991
* Metironeus hovorei Chemsak, 1991
# Trevor Mann

Trevor Mann CBE (born April 1961) is a British born engineer and businessman. Mann was Chief Operating Officer of Mitsubishi Motors until 1 April 2019. Before filling this position in the course of Nissan Motor Corporation taking control of Mitsubishi Motors, Mann was Chief Performance Officer, Executive Vice President and Member of the Executive Committee of Nissan Motor Corporation. At Nissan, Mann was responsible for production, marketing, light commercial vehicles, the global aftersale business, and the relaunch of the Datsun brand. After rising through the ranks, Mann was one of Nissan's longest-serving employees.

## Biography
### Early life

Mann was born in April 1961 in Leigh, Lancashire. At age 15, Trevor moved to Durham, where he studied manufacturing and engineering technology at the Durham and Gateshead Technical Colleges.

### Career

Fresh out of school, Mann started as a management trainee with BBH Coil & Transformer Ltd in 1980.
Mann joined Nissan's Sunderland plant in August 1985 as team leader in the manufacturing department. Mann oversaw the launch of the Sunderland plant's first ever production line, which made the Nissan Bluebird.
Mann worked his way through various manufacturing-related positions, and finally advanced to managing director and plant manager of Nissan Motor Manufacturing U.K. In 2007, Mann was named Senior Vice President, responsible for Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management and Purchasing of Nissan's European business, which involved a move to Nissan's regional headquarters in Rolle, Switzerland.
In 2012 he took on a global role - as Corporate Senior Vice President for Global Supply Chain and was chairman of the operating committee for Africa, Middle East and India. In January 2013, Trevor was promoted to Executive Vice President and Chairman of the Management Committee for AMIE. He was promoted to Chief Performance Officer in January 2014.
After Nissan took a 34% stake of Mitsubishi Motors, and assumed effective control of the company, Mann was made Chief Operating Officer of Mitsubishi Motors in October 2016. He left this role on 13 March 2019.

### Recognitions

* 2008, Wearside and Durham Business Executive of the Year.
* 2010, Honorary Doctorate in Science from Sunderland University.
* 2011, Honorary Doctorate in Technology from Northumbria University.
* 2012, CBE in the Queen's New Year's Honour List.
* 2013, Freedom of the City of Sunderland.

### Family

Trevor Mann has a wife Julia, three daughters and a stepson.
# Sergio Corino

Sergio Corino Ramón (born 10 October 1974) is a Spanish retired footballer who played mainly as a central defender.

## Club career

Born in Bilbao, Biscay, Corino was a product of Athletic Bilbao's prolific youth system at Lezama. He played nearly three seasons with the reserve side in the second division. On 18 October 1994, one week after his 20th birthday, he made his debut with the main squad, playing six minutes in a 2–3 loss against Newcastle United at St James' Park in the UEFA Cup (3–3 aggregate win).
In the 1996 January transfer window, Corino was loaned to CP Mérida also in La Liga, appearing regularly with the Extremadurans during the campaign and still managing to score three goals, but with his team being relegated. He then returned to the Basque Country for his first and only full season with the club, featuring sparingly (15 games, 18 overall) as it qualified for European competition after finishing sixth.
Still owned by Athletic, Corino signed for another team in the first division, UD Salamanca, being an undisputed starter and suffering relegation in his second year. Subsequently, he played a few months with RCD Espanyol after his release, then one and a half seasons with Athletic neighbours Real Sociedad.
Corino joined Rayo Vallecano in summer 2001, experiencing his best year in his first season with five goals in 28 games as the Madrid outskirts side finished comfortably in 11th position. In his final two campaigns, however, they were consecutively relegated into the third level, and the player retired from the game before completing his 30th birthday, having appeared in 283 matches as a professional over the course of 11 seasons.

## International career

Corino was part of the Spanish squad at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, appearing in two group stage matches plus the 0–4 quarter-final loss against eventual finalists Argentina.

## Honours
### Club
#### Espanyol

* Copa del Rey: 1999–2000

### International
#### Spain U21

* UEFA European Under-21 Championship: Runner-up 1996