OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Daily Observer

The Daily Observer is a newspaper published in Bakau in Banjul, the Gambia.
The paper, Gambia's first daily newspaper, was founded by Mae Gene and Kenneth Best in 1990. Kenneth Best had previously managed another paper called the Daily Observer in Liberia, until the First Liberian Civil War caused him to relocate with his family to the Gambia. In October 1994, following Yahya Jammeh's military coup, Best was expelled from Gambia, although the newspaper was allowed to continue. Ebrima Ceesay, who was a journalist with the Observer at the time, became the editor of the Daily Observer newspaper after the deportation of Kenneth Best to Liberia. It was eventually shutdown by tax authorities on 23 August 2017 for non-compliance of its tax obligations.
In the early 1990s, the paper ran its History Corner on its weekend supplement (the Weekend Observer). The Gambian statesman and historian Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof "pioneered" this column (the History Corner) in 1993 before asking the paper's resident journalist Hassoum Ceesay to take over the column. Ceesay took over it in 1996. Some of the topics covered during the tenure of Cham Joof included:
   * History Corner with Alhaji A. E Cham Joof, Diamond Jubilee of Scouting in The Gambia, Senegambian Scouting Joint Committee Senegalo/Gambian Katibougou old Scouts (Weekend Observer, 29–31 March 1995. p. 9 (Gambia))
   * History Corner with Alhaji A. E Cham Joof, The History of the Banjul Mosque, (Weekend Observer, 5–7 May 1995)

## Ebrima Manneh case

In July 2006, Observer reporter Ebrima Manneh was reportedly arrested by state security after attempting to republish a BBC report criticizing Jammeh shortly before an African Union meeting in Banjul; his arrest was witnessed by coworkers. Though ordered to release Manneh by an Economic Community Of West African States court, the Gambian government has denied that Manneh is imprisoned. According to AFP, an unnamed police source confirmed Manneh's arrest in April 2009, but added he believed Manneh "is no longer alive." Amnesty International considers Manneh to be a prisoner of conscience and named him a 2011 "priority case." The Committee to Protect Journalists has also called for his release.
* Gambia portal
* Journalism portal
# Communities of Tulu Nadu

This is a list of communities of Tulu Nadu, a Tulu-speaking region spread over parts of present Karnataka, India (In alphabetical order).
* Billava
* Bunt
* Daivadnya Brahmin
* Devadiga
* Goud Saraswat Brahmins
* Tulu Gowda
* Koraga
* Kota Brahmins
* Mera
* Mogaveera
* Moolya
* Sapaliga/Sapalya
* Shettigar
* Shivalli Brahmins
* Sthanika Brahmins
* Kottari/Kotari
* This article related to a location in Karnataka is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Rural Municipality of Clanwilliam

The Rural Municipality of Clanwilliam is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on December 22, 1883. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the Town of Erickson to form the Municipality of Clanwilliam – Erickson.
The RM was located in an area of mixed farming positioned on the southeast side of Riding Mountain National Park. The southern part of the RM was flatter farmland while the northern part was more rugged with many hills, forests and lakes. This area is a nesting area for various species of ducks and also a major flyway for geese. The communities of Hilltop and Scandinavia were formed by Swedish settlers in the late 19th century.
The RM took its name from the community of Clanwilliam to the south, which is now located in the Rural Municipality of Minto-Odanah. In 1902 when the RM of Minto was formed, the two most southern townships of Clanwilliam were placed in that entity. Clanwilliam had been named after Richard Meade, 4th Earl of Clanwilliam.

## Communities

* Crocus
* Hilltop
* Kerrs Lake
* Scandinavia
# Running Target

Running Target is a 1956 American Western film directed by Marvin R. Weinstein and written by Marvin R. Weinstein, Jack Couffer and Conrad Hall. The film stars Doris Dowling, Arthur Franz, Richard Reeves, Myron Healey and James Parnell. The film was released on November 1, 1956, by United Artists.

## Plot

Four fugitives head for the Colorado hills after a prison break. A posse is formed, led by lawman Scott and including a couple of civilians, Jaynes, a bartender who is a marksman with a rifle, and Smitty, a resourceful woman who runs a gas station that the criminals robbed. Smitty brings along a satchel on the hunt.
A man named Kaygo is the outlaw leader and considered the toughest and smartest of the bunch. Jaynes is more obsessed than the others and a bit trigger-happy. Scott tolerates much of his behavior while trying to understand Smitty, discovering at one point that her satchel includes a pink dress.
After the others are accounted for, Kaygo is the only one left. Scott wakes in the middle of the night and sees Kaygo looking at him, but doesn't try to shoot him. The searchers go separate ways and Scott suddenly spots Smitty in her dress, romping with Kaygo in a field, obviously in love. He takes aim to shoot, then changes his mind and orders the prisoner to surrender. Jaynes, uphill from Scott, shoots Kaygo and doesn't understand why Scott and Smitty are distraught. Scott smashes Jaynes' beloved rifle and walks off hugging Smitty.

## Cast

* Doris Dowling as Smitty
* Arthur Franz as Scott
* Richard Reeves as Jaynes
* Myron Healey as Kaygo
* James Parnell as Pryor
* Charles Delaney as Barker
* James K Anderson as Strothers
* Gene Roth as Holesworth
* Frank Richards as Castagna
# Ruspidge

Ruspidge is a village in the Forest of Dean district of west Gloucestershire, England. The civil parish includes Soudley
It is located near the town of Cinderford and in the Forest of Dean. There is one public house called the New Inn.
There is one village shop on the main street (Ruspidge Road), a park and football pitch, as well as a chapel, lying on Railway Road. It is named such because the Ruspidge Halt railway station was situated at the end before its closure in 1958.
Its grid reference is SO 655 125 GB.
# Ruf RGT

The Ruf RGT is a sports car made by Ruf Automobile of Germany.

## First generation (2000–2004)

The first-generation Ruf RGT was introduced in 2000 using an engine and chassis based on the Porsche 996. The original 3.6L version could accelerate from 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 4.6 seconds, with a top speed of 190 mph (306 km/h).

## Second generation (2005–2011)

When the Porsche 997 debuted, Ruf bored out the 3.6 L engine to 3.8 litres (231.9 cu in), modified the exhaust and catalytic converters, and replaced the ECU and air filter. The new power output was 445 bhp (332 kW), reducing the 0-60 mph (97 km/h) time from 4.6 to 4.2 seconds (or even 4.1, according to some sources), and increasing top speed by 7 mph to 317 km/h (197 mph).
Ruf also added a performance suspension system, using Bilstein components, as well as high-performance Brembo disc brakes, measuring 13.8 in (351 mm) in front and 13 in (330 mm) in the rear.
The car's appearance is also changed, using a bodykit that includes a polyurethane front air dam and carbon fibre doors, mirrors, engine lid, and spoiler, all of which reduce the car's weight to 2,932 lb (1,330 kg). The car is fitted with 19 inch Ruf-designed Superleggera wheels and Michelin Pilot Sport Cup tires. Finally, the RGT is customized with interior trim of the customer's choice, including Recaro seats and the deletion of unnecessary parts to save weight.

### RGT-8

In 2010, an updated version of the 997 RGT, was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show. The car was powered by a completely new, Ruf-designed 4.5-litre V8 engine with a 180° flat-plane crankshaft. The engine is based on the architecture of BMW's S65 V8. It features four valves arranged spherically together with multipoint fuel injection which ensure optimal mixture conditions while the dry sump oil system supplies the necessary lubrication. Ruf made the RGT-8 as light as possible by installing aluminum doors, an aluminum hood, a carbon fibre engine cover, and a carbon fibre rear spoiler. Like the flat-6 versions, the new RGT-8 also includes ceramic brakes, an integrated roll-cage, and 19-inch forged alloy wheels with Michelin Pilot Sport Cup tires.

### Specifications

(Data shown is for the 997 RGT 3.8L model)
* Weight: 2,932 lb (1,330 kg)
* Power: 445 hp (332 kW; 451 PS) @ 7600 rpm
* Torque: 310 lb⋅ft (420 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
* Specific output: approx. 117.1 hp (87 kW) per litre
* Power-to-weight ratio: approx. 6.59 pounds (2.99 kg) per horsepower
** 0-60 mph (97 km/h): 4.2 seconds
** Top Speed: 197 mph (317.0 km/h)

## Third generation (2012–present)

In 2012, the latest version of RGT-8 was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show. However, this model is an all-new car based on Porsche 991 rather than an update. As with the previous version, the new RGT-8 uses the same 4.5-litre V8 engine with power and torque output of 550 PS (405 kW; 542 hp) at 8500 rpm and 369 lb⋅ft (500 N⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm. The top speed is 318 km/h (197.6 mph). The cost of the RGT-8 is approximately €200,000, not including the price of the Porsche 991 donor car.
# Ruf RTurbo

The Ruf RTurbo is a sports car built by Ruf Automobile of Germany and introduced in 2001. It is based on the 996 generation Porsche 911. It was offered with a choice of 520 hp (388 kW), 550 hp (410 kW), and 590 hp (440 kW) engines. The RTurbo could be had as either a complete Ruf car with unique VIN or a conversion for an existing 996 retaining the original Porsche VIN.

## Specifications

The RTurbo is based on the 996 generation Porsche 911 and could be ordered as a coupe or cabriolet, with either a widebody Turbo bodyshell or an optional narrow body Carrera bodyshell and with a choice between all-wheel-drive and optional rear-wheel-drive.
Exterior upgrades include a choice of Ruf modular 18 inch or aluminum alloy 19 inch wheels, redesigned front and rear bumpers and quad exhaust tips. On the interior, the RTurbo has lightweight racing seats, revised gauges and a special sports steering wheel, with optional extras including an integrated roll cage, a traditional Ruf green leather interior or a leather interior in a colour chosen by the customer.
The base RTurbo, which is the widebody model with 520 hp, a 6-speed manual transmission, a 5-speed automatic transmission and all-wheel-drive, was priced at 189,300 euros, with the narrow body version costing an additional 20,600 euros.

## Performance

The RTurbo is available in 520, 550 and 590 hp variants. All variants are powered by a tuned version of the 3.6 litre flat-6 engine from the 996 911 Turbo. The engine is tuned by Ruf with modified KKK turbochargers, a remapped engine computer, Porsche GT3 engine mounts, upgraded valve train, a modified VarioCam system and an exhaust system with a bypass valve. For the optional 590 hp package, the engine also receives titanium connecting rods, upgraded camshafts and a heat exchanger to handle the power. The drivetrain consists of a Porsche GT2 transaxle, a stronger upgraded clutch, a limited slip differential and optional 4-wheel drive. The suspension is upgraded with new shocks, springs, stabiliser bars, and RUF-Brembo brake discs and calipers.
The base model is rated at 520 hp (388 kW) at 6,000 rpm and 546 lb⋅ft (740 N⋅m) of torque at 3,500 rpm, can accelerate from 0–97 km/h (60 mph) in 3.7 seconds, and, according to Ruf, can reach a top speed of between 330–344 km/h (205–214 mph) depending on gearing. The higher specification model is rated at 550 hp (410 kW) and 575 lb⋅ft (780 N⋅m) of torque and can, according to Ruf, reach a top speed of 351 km/h (218 mph).
# Comps, Drôme

Comps is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 469

This is a list of all United States Supreme Court cases from volume 469 of the United States Reports:
| Case name | Citation | Date decided |
| Florida v. Rodriguez | 469 U.S. 1 | 1984 |
| DOJ v. Provenzano | 469 U.S. 14 | 1984 |
| Thompson v. Louisiana | 469 U.S. 17 | 1984 |
| United States v. 50 Acres of Land | 469 U.S. 24 | 1984 |
| Luce v. United States | 469 U.S. 38 | 1984 |
| United States v. Abel | 469 U.S. 45 | 1984 |
| United States v. Powell | 469 U.S. 57 | 1984 |
| Garcia v. United States | 469 U.S. 70 | 1984 |
| Smith v. Illinois | 469 U.S. 91 | 1984 |
| United States v. Woodward | 469 U.S. 105 | 1985 |
| Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurston | 469 U.S. 111 | 1985 |
| Paulsen v. Commissioner | 469 U.S. 131 | 1985 |
| Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder | 469 U.S. 153 | 1985 |
| Park 'N Fly, Inc. v. Dollar Park & Fly, Inc. | 469 U.S. 189 | 1985 |
| United States v. Hensley | 469 U.S. 221 | 1985 |
| Board of License Comm'rs v. Pastore | 469 U.S. 238 | 1985 |
| United States v. Boyle | 469 U.S. 241 | 1985 |
| Lawrence Cnty. v. Lead-Deadwood School Dist. | 469 U.S. 256 | 1985 |
| Ohio v. Kovacs | 469 U.S. 274 | 1985 |
| Alexander v. Choate | 469 U.S. 287 | 1985 |
| Tiffany Fine Arts, Inc. v. United States | 469 U.S. 310 | 1985 |
| New Jersey v. T. L. O. | 469 U.S. 325 | 1985 |
| Evitts v. Lucey | 469 U.S. 387 | 1985 |
| Wainwright v. Witt | 469 U.S. 412 | 1985 |
| Brandon v. Holt | 469 U.S. 464 | 1985 |
| United States v. Johns | 469 U.S. 478 | 1985 |
| NLRB v. Action Automotive, Inc. | 469 U.S. 490 | 1985 |
| United States v. Maine | 469 U.S. 504 | 1985 |
| Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority | 469 U.S. 528 | 1985 |
| Montanans for a Balanced Fed. Budget Comm. v. Harper | 469 U.S. 1301 | 1984 |
| Catholic League v. Feminist Women's Health Center, Inc. | 469 U.S. 1303 | 1984 |
| Northern Cal. Power Agency v. Grace Geothermal Corp. | 469 U.S. 1306 | 1984 |
| Thomas v. Sierra Club | 469 U.S. 1309 | 1985 |
| Garcia-Mir v. Smith | 469 U.S. 1311 | 1985 |
# The Dictionary of Indian Art and Artists

The Dictionary of Indian Art and Artists, written by Pratima Sheth (an artist based in Mumbai), is a reference work pertaining to Indian art and artists. The reference book took about 12 years of researching for collection, compiling, and consolidating the relevant information from the Indus art to the Indian art of the present time. The works covers different aspects of art including painting, sculpture, printmaking, weaving, and embroidery. The Dictionary has over 1,300 entries, and more than 300 color illustrations.
The book contains a number of informative articles including the following:
* "History of Indian Art" by Aban Amroliwala
* "Art & Nationalism in Colonial India: The First Phase (1850–1922)" by Patha Mitter
* "Preservation of Art Objects" by O.P. Agarwal
The book was published by Mapin Publishing in 2006.
# Comparison of anaerobic and aerobic digestion

Anaerobic & aerobic system comparison :
| Anaerobic digestion | Composting |
| Digestate | Compost |
| Carbon dioxide | Carbon dioxide |
| Methane | Heat |
| Hydrogen sulfide (trace levels) | |
The following article is a comparison of aerobic and anaerobic digestion. In both aerobic and anaerobic systems the growing and reproducing microorganisms within them require a source of elemental oxygen to survive.
In an anaerobic system there is an absence of gaseous oxygen. In an anaerobic digester, gaseous oxygen is prevented from entering the system through physical containment in sealed tanks. Anaerobes access oxygen from sources other than the surrounding air. The oxygen source for these microorganisms can be the organic material itself or alternatively may be supplied by inorganic oxides from within the input material. When the oxygen source in an anaerobic system is derived from the organic material itself, then the 'intermediate' end products are primarily alcohols, aldehydes, and organic acids plus carbon dioxide. In the presence of specialised methanogens, the intermediates are converted to the 'final' end products of methane, carbon dioxide with trace levels of hydrogen sulfide. In an anaerobic system the majority of the chemical energy contained within the starting material is released by methanogenic bacteria as methane.
In an aerobic system, such as composting, the microorganisms access free, gaseous oxygen directly from the surrounding atmosphere. The end products of an aerobic process are primarily carbon dioxide and water which are the stable, oxidised forms of carbon and hydrogen. If the biodegradable starting material contains nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, then the end products may also include their oxidised forms- nitrate, phosphate and sulfate. In an aerobic system the majority of the energy in the starting material is released as heat by their oxidisation into carbon dioxide and water.
Composting systems typically include organisms such as fungi that are able to break down lignin and celluloses to a greater extent than anaerobic bacteria. Due to this fact it is possible, following anaerobic digestion, to compost the anaerobic digestate allowing further volume reduction and stabilisation.
# Compton, Missouri

Compton is a historic community in western Webster County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The post office was located at different locations in the area. One site was located along the bank of the James River along Missouri Route B, but a second location is approximately three-quarters of a mile to the southeast above Compton Branch (a tributary of the James). This second location is within or adjacent to the Compton Hollow Conservation Area and about three miles south of Northview. The Compton Limestone geologic formation was named for the community, because the type sections defining the unit were located in the vicinity.
A post office called Compton was established in 1884, and remained in operation until 1906. The community has the name of John Compton, the original owner of the town site.
# Compton, West Sussex

Compton is a village and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex. The village lies on the B2146 road, six miles (9.7 km) southeast of Petersfield, Hampshire and eight miles (13 km) northwest of Chichester. The parish also includes the villages of West Marden and Up Marden.

## History and Geography

The village has a long history, perhaps first being mentioned in the will of King Alfred the Great. It is in the Sussex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
High ground nearby is known as Compton Down and on a part of the down known as Telegraph Hill there was an Admiralty semaphore station.

## Parish church

The church of England parish church dedicated to Saint Mary the Virgin, dates from the 12th and 13th centuries, but was heavily restored in 1849. The building is flint-faced with stone dressings and a tiled roof. It has a chancel and nave with south aisle, north porch and western bell turret, which is weather boarded with a shingled spire. It is a Grade II* listed building, and currently forms part of the Octagon Parish team ministry.

## Education

For education, the rural village consists of an all-through primary school, Compton & Up Marden Church of England Primary School, and Littlegreen Academy, a specialist primary and secondary school predominantly aimed at supporting boys aged 7-16 with a diverse range of social, emotional and mental health needs. The school is situated north of the village and its settlement consists of a grade II listed country manor. Since January 2019, the school has been part of the Solent Academies Trust.
# Compton-North congenital myopathy

Compton-North congenital myopathy, also known as congenital lethal myopathy, Compton-North type, is a rare, fatal genetic disorder of pre-natal onset that results in death shortly after birth and is characterized by fetal akinesia and movement restriction, polyhydramnios, severe hypotonia of neonatal-onset, generalized weakness of the respiratory, bulbar, and skeletal muscles, presence of multiple congenital muscular contractures.
Additional features include premature birth, low birth weight, failure to thrive, abnormal reflexes, scaphocephaly, hypertelorbitism, oval-shaped face, small hands, single transverse palmar crease, high-arched palate, arachnodactyly, and camptodactyly (causing overlapping fingers). Ultrastructural findings include sarcomeric disruptions, Z-band disorganization, and an absence of integrin alpha7, beta2-syntrophin, alpha-dystrobrevin. Only four infants from a heavily consanguineous Egyptian Australian family have been described in the medical literature, and it is caused by homozygous mutations in the CNTN1 gene, located in chromosome 12.
The condition wasn't named after the doctors who first discovered the condition, but rather the doctors who first described it in detail: Dr. Alison G. Compton and Dr. Kathryn N. North.
# Siponiai

Siponiai is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. It is located by the Dotnuvėlė and Kačupys rivers. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 96 people. There is mythological stone "Ožakmenis" ("The Goat Stone") in the Siponiai village.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1902 | 189 | — |
| 1923 | 199 | +0.25% |
| 1959 | 181 | −0.26% |
| 1970 | 156 | −1.34% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1979 | 148 | −0.58% |
| 1989 | 133 | −1.06% |
| 2001 | 93 | −2.94% |
| 2011 | 96 | +0.32% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :
# ¡Que Vida!

"¡Que Vida!" is a song written by Arthur Lee and first released in 1967 by the band Love. It was released both on Love's album Da Capo and as a single, backed with "Hey Joe". It has also been included on several Love compilation albums.

## Composition

The song's title is Spanish for "What a Life", though the working title for the song was "With Pictures and Words". The lyrics, involving topics such as death and reincarnation, suggest to Hoskyns "bad-trip paranoia" and to Greenwald "a psychedelic state of mind". Music critic Richie Unterberger claims that in the song "Lee's Johnny Mathis inclinations start to flower in a series of question and answer lyrics." The melody is based on the 1965 song "Lifetime of Loneliness" by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. It employs a rhythm, described by author Bob Cianci as a "lilting Latin rhythm." It also incorporates sound effects such as sleigh bells, merry-go-round music and a popping champagne cork. Arthur Lee biographer John Einerson describes Lee's vocal tone on the song as "mellow". As described by author Barney Hoskyns, the song uses "Latin rhythms and cool jazz shadings to fashion a kind of spaced-out MOR." Music critic Fredrik Eriksen feels the song sounds like a mixture of The Rolling Stones and Jefferson Airplane.

## Reception

AllMusic critic Matthew Greenwald regard "¡Que Vida!" as a "true groundbreaking composition for Arthur Lee" in the way the allows the song to flow freely in the direction it wants to go. Greenwald also notes that although the chords always resolve, they go in surprising directions. Edna Gundersen and Ken Burns of USA Today described the song as "summery jazz-pop". Sean Elder of Salon calls the song "whimsical" and notes that it "almost seems like a parody of a hippie song, punctuated with what sounds like a pop gun."
# Scottland, Alabama

Scottland is an unincorporated community in Bullock County, Alabama, United States.