OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lehmann discontinuity

The Lehmann discontinuity is an abrupt increase of P-wave and S-wave velocities at the depth of 220 km (140 mi) in Earth's mantle, discovered by seismologist Inge Lehmann. The thickness is 220 km. It appears beneath continents, but not usually beneath oceans, and does not readily appear in globally averaged studies. Several explanations have been proposed: a lower limit to the pliable asthenosphere, a phase transition, and most plausibly, depth variation in the shear wave anisotropy.
# Lehmannia carpatica

Lehmannia carpatica is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae.

## Taxonomy

When Grossu & Lupu (1963) first noted this species, in Romania, its long penis and lack of penial appendage led it to be confused with Ambigolimax waterstoni, which at that time was incorrectly named as Limax nyctelius; the later renamings as Lehmannia nyctelia or Ambigolimax nyctelius remained incorrect. Only in 2022 was the confusion recognised, requiring both A. waterstoni and L. carpatica to be formally described as distinct species. The same article described a third species, Ambigolimax parvipenis that had also been called Lehmannia nyctelia and confused with the other two; the article further pointed out that the original name Limax nyctelius referred to a species of Letourneuxia.
Lehmannia carpatica had also been misidentified as Mesolimax braunii in an article published in 1898.
The adjective carpatica refers to the Carpathian Mountains, along the length of which the species occurs. The type locality is Morskie Oko in the High Tatra Mountains of Poland.

## Occurrence and distribution

Lehmannia carpatica occurs at high elevations along the Carpathian Mountains, in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania and Serbia. It also occurs in mountains further south, in Albania, Montenegro and Bulgaria. In both eastern Bulgaria and southern Poland there are also records from lower-altitude woodland.
The slugs graze lichens on trees and rocks, and appear only at night or in the rain.

## Description

The species grows to about 5 cm long (when crawling). Like other limacids, the animals are slim with a pointed tail, and the pneumostome lies is the posterior half of the mantle. Lehmannia carpatica usually has a mottled dirty-grey to greyish-brown appearance, similar to a number of other Lehmannia species such as L. marginata. A pale line runs along the midline of the back, bordered by darker markings. On the mantle, dark lines run along both sides, and there may also be dark central blotches in the middle. At high altitudes melanistic forms sometimes occur, and in Moravia a distinctive form occurs with dark spots on a pale background.
The penis is long, without a penial appendage, although penis length varies considerably. These characters are shared with Ambigolimax waterstoni, but that species has two prominent flaps running along the inside of the penis whereas these are lacking in L. carpatica, which instead has a prominent funnel-like structure at the end of the penis, surrounding the connection to the vas deferens.
# Lehmannia macroflagellata

Lehmannia macroflagellata is species of air-breathing land slug, a shell-less terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Limacidae.

## Distribution and habitat

This species lives in woodland.
It is not listed in the IUCN red list; it was not evaluated (NE)
It is found in countries and islands including:
* Czech Republic
* Slovakia
* Poland
* Ukraine
* and others
# Richard Nangle

Richard Nangle (died c.1541) D.D., Provincial of the Order of Saint Augustine in Ireland was Bishop of Clonfert between 1536 and 1541.
Catholic Church titles :
| Preceded byDionysius Ó Mórdha | Bishop of Clonfert 1536–1541 | Succeeded byRoland de Burgo |
# Richard Nanney

Richard Nanney (1691–1767) was an 18th-century evangelical priest in north Wales.

## Life

Nanney, who was born in 1691, studied at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1710 onwards, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1714 and a Master of Arts degree in 1718 or 1719. After his ordination, he was appointed vicar of Clynnog Fawr, Gwynedd in 1718 and rector of Llanaelhaearn in 1725, and was also a canon of Bangor Cathedral. He was a strong supporter (in word and in deed) of the circulating schools organised by Griffith Jones, with the school in Clynnog often meeting in the church. He was influenced by the Methodist revival and the contrast between the "apathy of his early years" and the "fruitful piety" of later life was noted. It was recorded that crowds of people came to hear him preach, from the parish and from further afield. He died in 1767.
# Yiannis Evangelides

Yiannis Evangelides (Greek: Γιάννης Ευαγγελίδης) was a Greek fashion designer.
Evangelides was born in Cyprus and moved to Athens when he was 18. He married Vasso Kourtidi. Evangelides originally intended to become a pianist, but after designing dresses for his wife which she had made up by her dressmaker, he decided to go into fashion design. Before World War II broke out in 1939, Evangelides was a couturier in Athens for 20 years. Among his clients was the future Queen of Greece, Frederica of Hanover, who Evangelides described in 1958 as his easiest, least demanding client. Frederica patronised Evangelides between 1938 and 1945.
His first New York show was held in January 1940, showing pleated gowns in blue and terracotta, with short decorative jackets and draped scarves directly referencing Greek folk costume. In 1951 Evangelides had returned to New York, where he planned to stay and establish himself as a designer, not just of couture, but of ready-to-wear for the wholesale market. Alongside his twenty years' experience in high-end fashion design, he had also worked for five years as a designer for a wholesaler in Capetown, California. In 1954 Evangelides became a designer for the custom salon at Bonwit Teller, where his dresses, presented alongside imported Paris gowns, were noted for their use of tucks and pleats. In 1958, Evangelides owned a dress shop on East 57th Street, titled "Yanni". He offered his first ready-to-wear collection in 1958.
# Leohumicola levissima

Leohumicola levissima is a species of fungus. It is named after the smooth walled appearance of its terminal conidial cells (levissima is Latin for "smooth"). It was first found in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. The terminal cell of this species’ conidia remains smooth even after 3 months’ time, as opposed to the encrusted terminal cells of L. verrucosa and L. incrustata. Conidia of L. atra have similarly smooth terminal cells, but which are darker.

## Description

Its conidiogenous hyphae are hyaline, measuring approximately 1–2 μm wide, often found in fascicles in aerial mycelium. These are reduced to a single denticle that is 0.5–1.5 μm long and 1.0–3.5 μm wide. Conidia are two-celled, either solitary or distributed side by side in clusters. Its terminal cell is 4.5–6.0 by 4.0–5.5 μm, being globose to subglobose, transitioning to a dark brown colour; its conidial walls are slightly thick. Chlamydospores are sparsely produced, being intercalary, single, and the same colour as the conidial terminal cell. The vegetative mycelium often carry swollen, monilioid hyphae that are 1 to 2 μm wide, septate, and show thickened walls.
# Tachina stupida

Tachina stupida is a species of fly in the genus Tachina of the family Tachinidae that is endemic to Europe.
# Tachina terminalis

Tachina terminalis is a species of fly in the genus Tachina of the family Tachinidae that is endemic to Europe.
# Tachina tenebrifera

Tachina tenebrifera is a species of fly in the genus Tachina of the family Tachinidae that is endemic to Brazil.
# Leedale, Texas

Leedale is an unincorporated community in Bell County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 16 in 2000. It is located within the Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood metropolitan area.

## History

Leedale was reported to have first been recognized in the early 1900s by the name of Gindale. It reported one business and 25 residents in 1946. There was a store, a gas station, and a cotton gin in the community in 1948, and the population went down to 20 in several scattered homes in 1964 until it absorbed Gindale. Its population was 16 from 1990 through 2000.

## Geography

Leedale is located on Farm to Market Road 437 on the Whatley Branch of South Elm Creek, 16 mi (26 km) east of Belton in southeastern Bell County.

## Education

Leedale was described as a school community in the early 1900s. Today, the community is served by the Rogers Independent School District.
# Chlaenandra

Chlaenandra is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Menispermaceae.
Its native range is New Guinea.
Species:
# Chlaenius

Chlaenius is a large and diverse genus of ground beetle. It is native to the Palearctic realm (including Europe, the Near East, and North Africa), Afrotropical realm, and Nearctic realm. Worldwide, roughly 1,000 species are currently recognized with the majority of known species occurring in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions. The genus is divided into many subgenera.

## Parasites

In Australia, Chlaenius flaviguttatus Macleay is parasitized by a species of mite, Eutarsopolipus chlaenii Katlav & Hajiqanbar, 2021 which dwells under the elytra.
# Cleome cleomoides

Cleome cleomoides, commonly known as Justago, is a species of plant in the Cleomaceae family and is found in Western Australia.
The aromatic viscid, erect to spreading herb typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 1 metre (1 to 3 ft). It blooms between January and June producing yellow flowers.
It is found on sandstone ridges and outcrops throughout much of the Kimberley region of Western Australia where it grows in sandy soils.
# Roland Glavany

Roland Glavany (20 April 1922 – 16 January 2017) was a French army general.

## Background

Glavany trained as a pilot in World War II and fought in North Africa with the Free French forces. In September 1943, he landed on Corsica as part of a parachute troop, and took part in the liberation of the island. He was wounded three times in the war.
After the end of the war, he worked as a test pilot for Dassault, making the first flights of the MD.550 Mystère Delta, Mirage III and Mirage IV. He returned to the French Air Force in 1959. He retired in 1978.
# Zoran Nikolić

Zoran Nikolić may refer to:
* Zoran Nikolić (basketball) (born 1996), Montenegrin basketball player
* Zoran Nikolić (footballer) (born 1960), Serbian footballer
# Tetraplariidae

Tetraplariidae is a family of bryozoans belonging to the order Cheilostomatida.
Genera:
* Tetraplaria Tenison-Woods, 1879
* Tychinella Zágoršek, 2001
# Åland24

Åland24 is a privately owned local television channel broadcasting mainly online and in the urban areas of Åland, an autonomous province of Finland.
Åland24 began its operations during the fall of 2007, with its first broadcast occurring in October that year. The largest owner is Nya Ålands Tidningsaktiebolag. Productions include daily news broadcasts, weekly sports shows and debate shows.
# Zotalemimon subpuncticollis

Zotalemimon subpuncticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1975.
# List of Buffalo All-Americans players

This is a list of known American football players who have played for the Buffalo All-Americans of the National Football League in 1920 - 1923. It includes players that have played at least one match with the team.
* Top
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## A

Ockie Anderson

## B

Carl Beck, Jack Beckett, Bill Brace, Pete Bahan, Shirley Brick, Scotty Bierce

## C

Glen Carberry, Eddie Casey, Bunny Corcoran, Frank Culver

## D

Herb Dieter

## E

Bill Edgar

## F

Jack Flavin, Andy Fletcher, Fritz Foster

## G

Moose Gardner, Buck Gavin, Gus Goetz, Gil Gregory, Mike Gulian, Charlie Guy

## H

Andy Hillhouse, Tommy Holleran, Steamer Horning, Tommy Hughitt

## K

Tex Kelly, Bill Kibler, Glenn Knack, Waddy Kuehl

## L

Jim Laird, Barney Lepper, Lou Little

## M

John Mahoney, Roy Martineau, Elmer McCormick, Heinie Miller, Frank Morrissey, Jim Morrow, Vince Mulvey

## N

Bob Nash

## O

John O'Hearn, Elmer Oliphant

## P

Earl Potteiger

## R

Bob Rawlings, Ben Roderick

## S

Johnny Scott, Murray Shelton, Pat Smith, Gus Sonnenberg, Butch Spagna, Frank Spellacy, Herb Stein, Jack Sullivan

## T

Karl Thielscher, Tiny Thornhill, Carl Thomas, Mike Trainor

## U

Luke Urban, Eddie Usher

## V

George Voss, Tillie Voss

## W

Bill Ward, Bodie Weldon, James B. Wilson, Mike Wilson Red Werder, Lud Wray

## Y

Swede Youngstrom
# Tephritis californica

Tephritis californica is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Tephritis of the family Tephritidae found in the United States.

## Distribution

United States.
# Åsbrink

Åsbrink is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elisabeth Åsbrink (born 1965), Swedish author and journalist
* Erik Åsbrink (born 1947), Swedish politician
* Gösta Åsbrink (1881–1966), Swedish gymnast and modern pentathlete
* Pontus Åsbrink (born 1992), Swedish football player
# Ronald G. Shelley

Ronald George Shelley (27 February 1932 – May 2003) was an expert on the philately of the Spanish Civil War.
In 2003 he bequeathed a collection of five volumes of covers, used to and from the International Brigades, to the British Library where it forms part of the British Library Philatelic Collections as the Shelley Collection.
The bulk of the rest of Shelley's collection was sold in January 2004 by Harmers of London in two sections, earlier Spanish philatelic material including pre-stamp and stampless covers and a 1601 document signed by King Philip III of Spain, and a large quantity of material relating to the Spanish Civil War.

## Selected publications

* The postal history of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. Brighton: R.G. Shelley, 1967.
* Propaganda leaflets of the Spanish Civil War. Hove: R.G. Shelley, 1990.
# Roger Shillingford

Roger Shillingford (fl. 1421) of Exeter, Devon, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Exeter in May 1421.
# Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal which covers research on the nature, action, efficacy, and evaluation of therapeutics. The editor-in-chief is Piet van der Graaf (Cetara). The journal was established in 1960 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell. It is an official journal of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* Current Contents/Clinical Medicine
* Current Contents/Life Sciences
* BIOSIS Previews
* EBSCO databases
* Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
* Science Citation Index
* Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 6.875, ranking it 19th out of 275 journals in the category "Pharmacology & Pharmacy".
# Rätzlingen, Lower Saxony

Rätzlingen is a municipality in the district of Uelzen, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
# Sugar Loaf, New York

Sugar Loaf is a mixed-use hamlet in Orange County, New York, United States. It is located in the Town of Chester, within view of Sugar Loaf mountain.

## History

The hamlet of Sugar Loaf, New York, was founded in the late 1740s as a waypoint along Kings Highway. Businesses supplied food and other goods, and horses to travelers.
Local historian Dr. Richard Hull writes about the name:
   It is still not certain how Sugar Loaf acquired its name. The most plausible tale is that Elizabeth Dobbin, during her first winter here [circa 1738], gazed up at that huge bald uplifted fault block, shrouded in heavy morning mist, so frosty at the summit yet so greenish-brown at the base, and was reminded of the hard loaves of sugar she and all colonial housewives made in their smokey kitchens.
Note that the name of the mountain in Orange County, New York (as well as the hamlet itself), is somewhat distinguished by the use of two words instead of one.
By the early 19th century, Sugar Loaf was a saloon community. One of the favorite pastimes of the men was harness or flat racing. They were eager to compete their horses. Hambletonian 10, considered the sire of all American standardbred horses, was born in Sugar Loaf in 1848.
America's first murder-for-hire took place on "Calamity Corners" at the intersection of Pine Hill and Hambletonian Roads.
Throughout the remainder of the 19th century, and for most of the 20th century, Sugar Loaf remained a quiet, pastoral hamlet, renowned for bawdy, Apple-Jack saloons. During the Prohibition era, speakeasies were established for the enjoyment of countless jazz-age revelers en route to the Glenmere mansion estate on Pine Hill Road, on Glenmere Lake.

## Current state

For the last half century through today the hamlet has existed as an artists community with a number of artists working and living in buildings and barns that endure from the 18th century. Artist studios are independently owned and operated by the artists themselves with many studios open to the public for viewing work in progress as well as purchasing.

## Geography

Sugar Loaf is a hamlet of roughly six miles' length and five miles' width. It extends from Chester's Durland Hill, near the Chester Library, west into the town of Warwick, into the hamlet of Bellvale.
There is a post office at the northeast end of the village. The Hamlet's zip code is 10981. The Hamlet of Sugar Loaf lies within the Town of Chester, and hence shares its area code and exchange, 845, 469. The greater Hamlet extends into Warwick, as well 845, 986. The Hamlet of Sugar Loaf antedates the later Town of Chester, and it was originally administered under the Town of Warwick. Proponents of the annexation of Sugar Loaf back to Warwick cite this precedent administration.

## Notable people

* Reid Duke – professional Magic: The Gathering player
* Jason Boone – professional basketball player
# Torolf Smedvig

Torolf Smedvig (1917-1977) was a Norwegian businessman and the head of Smedvig ASA.

## Early life

He was the eldest son of Peder Smedvig, the founder of Smedvig ASA.

## Career

After his father Peder Smedvig died in 1959, his son Torolf Smedvig took over the running of the company and the canned food business became a separate company run by another branch of the family.

## Personal life

In 1942, he married Nora Kluge (1921-1999), the daughter of supreme court judge Kristofer Nordahl Kluge (1892–1972).
His son Peter Smedvig took over the running of the company. His granddaughter is Anna Margaret Smedvig.
# Smc Pentax D FA 645 55mm F2.8 AL (IF) SDM AW

The smc Pentax D FA 645 55mm F2.8 AL (IF) SDM AW is an interchangeable camera lens by Pentax.
# Jabuka (Novo Goražde)

Jabuka (Cyrillic: Јабука) is a village in the municipality of Novo Goražde, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Blockade (2005 film)

Blockade is a 2005 documentary film by Sergei Loznitsa. The film was shot with no dialogue and consists of black and white footage shot during the Siege of Leningrad. It has a run time of 52 minutes.

## Plot

The life of the city, preparing for defense. Trenches in the squares, air defense measures: deployment of anti-aircraft artillery, balloons, light cloaking.
The first destruction from bombing, fires. Wounded and dead. Disassembly of the ruins. Newspapers, propaganda posters. The bulletin board on the sale or exchange of household utensils for cigarettes and food. Frozen on the streets icy transportation, sleds with the caked corpses. Bodies in the snow. Extraction of water from holes and ditches. Disassembling wooden buildings for firewood. The mass graves.
Victory. City festivities, festive salute, fireworks. Execution of German soldiers on the square.

## Reception

Blockade has a score of 70 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 5 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
# Stepdad (band)

Stepdad is an American electronic/pop band based in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

## History

Originally a duo, Stepdad was formed in Chicago, Illinois during the summer of 2009 when Mark Tafel and Ryan McCarthy, who were roommates at the time, began writing songs together in their apartment. They initially gained exposure in early 2010 when they composed a theme song for the popular web comic "Axe Cop". The duo's song became the official theme song for the "Axe Cop" comic and motion comic.
In April 2010, the band released their first EP, Ordinaire, independently via Bandcamp. The EP spawned two singles, "Jungles" and "My Leather, My Fur, My Nails".
In June 2012, Stepdad released their debut LP, Wildlife Pop, under Black Bell Records. The album was recorded with producer Chris Zane.

## Use in other media

* "My Leather, My Fur, My Nails" was featured in the series finale of the television show Weeds.
* "My Leather, My Fur, My Nails" also appears in the 2016 movie Beautiful Prison
* "Jungles" appears in the EA Sports video game FIFA 13.
* "Warrior (Jungles pt2) was used in the rally film “Easier said than done”.
* "Treasure Hugs" appears in the Ubisoft video game STEEP.
* "Pick & Choose" and "Warrior" were featured in Season 6, Episode 4 of Gossip Girl.
* "Must Land Running" was featured in a national BMW TV commercial called "Moments" that began airing in December 2013.
* "Find Love" was featured in Season 2, Episode 14 of The Mindy Project.
* "Warrior" was featured in Season 2, Episode 7 of the MTV series Teen Wolf.
* "Parrot" and "Cutie Boots" have been used regularly as bump music on Adult Swim.

## Discography

* Ordinaire EP (2010)
* Wildlife Pop (2012)
* Strange Tonight EP (2014)
* Masterbeast Theatre EP (2016)