OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of rivers that have reversed direction

A number of rivers are known to have reversed the direction of their flow, either permanently or temporarily, in response to geological activity, weather events, climate change, tides, or direct human intervention.

## Permanent reversals
### Natural

| River | Original outlet | Current outlet | Continent | Date of reversal | Cause of reversal | References |
| Amazon River | Pacific Ocean | Atlantic Ocean | South America | Cretaceous period | Formation of Andes Mountains | |
| Wisconsin River | Great Lakes Basin | Mississippi River | North America | Pleistocene Epoch | Pre-Illinoian glaciers | |

### Artificial

| River | Original outlet | Current outlet | Continent | Date of reversal | Cause of reversal | References |
| Chicago River | Lake Michigan | Mississippi River | North America | 1900 | Construction of Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal | |

## Temporary reversals
### Daily

All tidal sections of rivers reverse their flow with the tide about twice a day (or semidiurnally), by definition. The following are notable examples.
| River | Outlet | Continent |
| Hudson River | Upper New York Bay | North America |
| Saint John River (Reversing Falls) | Bay of Fundy | North America |
| Salmon River | Bay of Fundy | North America |
| Channel of Vivari | Straits of Corfu | Europe |

### Annual

| River | Outlet | Continent | Cause of reversal |
| Krupa River | Neretva River | Europe | High water levels of the Neretva River |
| Petexbatún River | Pasión River | Central America | Winter rain flooding of the Pasión River |
| Qiantang River | Hangzhou Bay | Asia | Tidal bore in Hangzhou Bay |
| Tonlé Sap River | Mekong River | Asia | Monsoon flooding of the Mekong River |

### Intermittent

Hurricane storm surges often cause temporary reversals of coastal rivers.
| River | Outlet | Continent | Date of reversal | Cause of reversal |
| Chicago River | Mississippi River | North America | 2017 and others | Storm surge |
| Mississippi River | Gulf of Mexico | North America | 1812 | Tectonic uplift caused by New Madrid earthquakes |
| Mississippi River | Gulf of Mexico | North America | 2005 | Storm surge from Hurricane Katrina |
| Mississippi River | Gulf of Mexico | North America | 2012 | Storm surge from Hurricane Isaac |
| Mississippi River | Gulf of Mexico | North America | 2021 | Storm surge from Hurricane Ida |
* ↑ These reversals represent a return to the Chicago River's original natural outlet in Lake Michigan.
* ↑ Reversals of the Chicago River have been increasing in frequency in association with global warming, and may soon occur at least once each year.
# DYuSSh Arsenal Stadium

Stadion DYuSSh Arsenal is the home ground of Russian Professional Football League farm club FC Arsenal-2 Tula. The infrastructure has a maximum capacity of 1000.
# Daisy Avellana

Daisy Avellana (January 26, 1917 – May 12, 2013) was a Filipino stage actress and theater director. Avellana was honored as a National Artist of the Philippines for Theater and Film in 1999.

## Early life and education

Avellana was born Lourdes Genoveva Dolores Pardo Hontiveros on January 26, 1917, in Capiz, Capiz, (now Roxas City). She was the eldest child of Jose Hontiveros and Vicenta Ruiz Pardo.
Avellana was one of the first graduates of the UST Graduate School with Master of Arts (MA) in English.

## Personal life

Her husband was Lamberto Avellana, a film and stage director who was also named a National Artist in 1976. Daisy and Lamberto Avellana co-founded the Barangay Theater Guild (BTG), together with forty-eight colleagues, in 1939. They had four children, the second being actor and director Jose Mari Avellana.

## Death

Avellana died on May 11, 2013, at the age of 96.
# Thomas Radcliffe (Irish politician)

Thomas Radcliffe (1715 – 24 January 1776) was an Irish politician.
He was the Member of Parliament for St Canice in the Irish House of Commons between 1774 and his death in 1776.
# List of sugar manufacturers in Kenya

This is a list of sugar manufacturers in Kenya

## Government-owned sugar manufacturers

* Mumias Sugar Company
* Nzoia Sugar Factory
* South Nyanza Sugar Company
* Muhoroni Sugar Company
* Chemelil Sugar Factory

## Private sugar manufacturers

* West Kenya Sugar Company
* Sony Sugar Company
* Kibos Sugar and Allied Industries Limited
* Butali Sugar Mills
* Transmara Sugar Company
* Sukari Industries Limited
* Kwale International Sugar Company Limited
* Kisii Sugar Factory
* West Valley Sugar
* Naitiri Sugar
* Olepito Sugar Factory

## Output and market share

As of December 2014, the output and market share of each manufacturer was as summarized in the table below:
Annual Output & Market Share of Sugar Manufacturers in Kenya :
| Rank | Name of Manufacturer | Output (Metric tonnes) | Market Share (%) |
| 1 | Mumias Sugar Company | 117,966 | 19.93 |
| 2 | West Kenya Sugar Limited | 73,696 | 12.45 |
| 3 | Nzoia Sugar Factory | 66,462 | 11.23 |
| 4 | South Nyanza Sugar Company | 60,028 | 10.14 |
| 5 | Transmara Sugar Company | 58,887 | 9.95 |
| 6 | Butali Sugar Mills | 56,853 | 9.60 |
| 7 | Sukari Industries Limited | 42,143 | 7.12 |
| 8 | Kibos Sugar and Allied Industries Limited | 39,415 | 6.66 |
| 9 | Muhoroni Sugar Company | 38,864 | 6.56 |
| 10 | Chemelil Sugar Factory | 37,720 | 6.37 |
| | Total | 592,034 | 100.00% |
In 2015, national sugar production totaled 632,000 metric tonnes, the highest production quantity Kenya has ever achieved, on an annual basis.

## Recent events

During the first four months of 2020, Kenya produced 193,532 tonnes (213,333 tons) of crystalline sugar and imported another 184,677 tonnes (203,572 tons) to cover the production deficit, according to the Kenya Sugar Directorate. The table below shows the eight largest sugar manufacturers in the country during the first four months of 2020.
Output & Market Share of Sugar Manufacturers in Kenya January to April 2020 :
| Rank | Name of Manufacturer | Output (Metric tonnes) | Market Share (%) |
| 1 | West Kenya Sugar Company | 57,317 | 29.62 |
| 2 | Butali Sugar Mills | 31,108 | 16.07 |
| 3 | Kibos Sugar and Allied Industries Limited | 27,732 | 14.33 |
| 4 | Sukari Industries Limited | 27,606 | 14.26 |
| 5 | Transmara Sugar Company | 25,122 | 12.98 |
| 6 | Nzoia Sugar Factory | 3,832 | 1.98 |
| 7 | Muhoroni Sugar Company | 3,784 | 1.96 |
| 8 | Chemelil Sugar Factory | 1,442 | 0.75 |
| | Total | 193,532 | 100.00% |
# Thordisa villosa

Thordisa villosa is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs in the family Discodorididae.
# Thomas O'Connell (Medal of Honor)

Thomas O'Connell (c. 1842 – 29 August 1899) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.
Born in about 1842 in Ireland, O'Connell immigrated to the United States and was living in New York when he joined the U.S. Navy. He served during the Civil War as a coal heaver on Admiral David Farragut's flagship, the USS Hartford. At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864, he manned the shell whip (a device used to lift ammunition up to the gun deck) despite being ill, until losing his right hand to a Confederate artillery shell. For this action, he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 31, 1864.
O'Connell's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   On board the flagship U.S.S. Hartford, during successful attacks against Fort Morgan, rebel gunboats and the ram Tennessee in Mobile Bay on 5 August 1864. Although a patient in the sick bay, O'Connell voluntarily reported at his station at the shell whip and continued to perform his duties with zeal and courage until his right hand was severed by an enemy shellburst.
O'Connell died on 24 August 1899 at age 56 or 57. His Medal of Honor is held by the National Museum of the United States Navy in Washington, D.C.
# Thorbjørn Feyling

Thorbjørn Feyling (1907–1985) was a Norwegian ceramist and Head of design at the Norwegian earthenware company Stavangerflint AS in the city of Stavanger in south-western Norway. Feyling was Head of design at the Norwegian earthenware producer Stavangerflint AS from its foundation in 1946 until 1955. He was a member of Stavangerflint's management team and created the company's design program for the production start in 1949 and the following years. He served the company as an artist designer until retirement. Many of his designs are well-known collector items.

## Biography

Feyling was born in Egersund and died in Stavanger, Norway. He was trained as a ceramist before World War II and then employed at A/S Egersunds Fayancefabriks Co until 1946. He was then recruited to the position of Manager of design at Stavanger Fajansefabrikk, Stavanger, from 1952 renamed into Stavangerflint AS. Here he created the company's design program from scratch. From production start in September 1949, he became a member of the company's management team. From 1955 Feyling was replaced by Eystein Sandnes as Head of design. He continued working as a designer for the factory until retirement in 1977.

## The ceramic artist

Feyling's designs were adopted to meet the taste of different consumer groups. His most well-known forms are those named Glatt, Standard, Skaugum and Bygdøy. They were produced for many years with a variety of decorative designs, created by himself or other artists. The designs were either sprayed, hand painted or made from ready-made transfer pictures. Finer objects may have been applied with strokes of gold painting. He created many series of exclusive objects for gifts and decoration, as well as a large range of souvenirs for cities and tourist sites in Norway and abroad.
# Sarah Freeman

Sarah Freeman may refer to:
* Sarah Freeman (skier) (born 1992), Canadian junior alpine skier
* Sarah Wilkerson Freeman (born 1956), American historian and curator
# Thomas Ruscher

Thomas Ruscher (1449–1510) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Mainz (1502–1510).

## Biography

Ruscher was born in 1449 in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany. On 19 Dec 1502, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Alexander VI as Auxiliary Bishop of Mainz and Titular Bishop of Venecompensis. On 19 Mar 1503, he was consecrated bishop by Berthold von Henneberg, Archbishop of Mainz. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Mainz until his death on 8 Aug 1510. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Jakob von Liebenstein, Archbishop of Mainz (1505).
# Three-lobed suckermouth

The three-lobed suckermouth (Chiloglanis trilobatus) is a species of upside-down catfish native to the Lake Rukwa drainage of Tanzania and Zambia. This species grows to a length of 5.2 centimetres (2.0 in) TL.
# Sarath

Sarath may refer to:

## People

* R. Sarath, Indian film director and Screewriter.
* Sarath (composer) or Sharreth (born 1969), Indian film composer
* Sarath Babu (born 1951), Indian film actor
* Sarath Das (born 1978), Indian film actor
* Sarath Fonseka (born 1950), Sri Lankan military leader
* R. Sarathkumar (born 1954), Indian film actor, journalist and politician
* Sarath Ranawaka (1951–2009), Member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
* Sarath N. Silva, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka
* Sarath Kumara Gunaratna, Sri Lankan politician and former minister
* Sarath Weerasekara (born 1951), Sri Lankan politician, admiral and former deputy minister
* Sarath Amunugama, Sri Lankan academic
* Sarath Amunugama (politician) (born 1939), Sri Lankan civil servant, politician, and minister

## Places

* Sarath, Deoghar, a community development block in Jharkhand, India
* Sarath, Deoghar (village), a village in Jharkhand, India
* Sarath (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
# Sarah Garratt

Sarah Garratt is an English football referee with the Football Association Women's Super League, who in 2016 was selected to referee at that year's FA Women's Cup Final, held at Wembley Stadium on 14 May 2016. Garratt had previously been an assistant referee at the 2011 Women's Cup Final held at Coventry's Ricoh Arena.
# Sarah Gerard

Sarah Gerard is an American writer of fiction and nonfiction. She worked for Bomb Magazine. She is the author of three books. The first, a novel, Binary Star, was published in 2015 by Two Dollar Radio. It was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Art Seidenbaum Award for First Fiction, and was listed as a best book of the year by NPR and Vanity Fair. It received positive reviews in GQ and The New York Times.
Her essay collection, Sunshine State, was published in 2017. A second novel, True Love, was published by HarperCollins in 2020.

## Writing career

Gerard’s writing has been included in the anthologies We Can’t Help It If We’re From Florida, Retro 4: Selections from Joyland Magazine, and Best Short Stories from the Saturday Evening Post (2015). Her short stories, essays, interviews, and criticism have appeared in Granta, The Baffler, New York Magazine, The Paris Review Daily, BOMB Magazine, Vice, Bookforum, and Joyland. She has written two monthly columns for the online journal, Hazlitt. Her column Mouthful chronicled her relationship with food ten years into recovery from anorexia and bulimia, and was illustrated by her paper collages. Gerard published Recycle, a co-authored book of collages and text, with the independent art press Pacific, in 2018. She has taught creative writing at Columbia University and Sarah Lawrence College, and was the 2018 – 2019 Writer-in-Residence at New College of Florida.
On June 1, 2021, she was named a winner of the Jim Duggins Outstanding Mid-Career Novelists' Prize from the Lambda Literary Foundation.

## Personal life

Gerard is the daughter of Florida politician Pat Gerard.
Gerard attended The New School, where she received an MFA.
# Thomas St Lawrence

Thomas St Lawrence may refer to:
* Thomas St Lawrence (bishop), bishop of Cork and Ross
* Thomas St. Lawrence (judge), statesman and judge in Ireland
* Thomas St Lawrence, 13th Baron Howth, Irish nobleman
* Thomas St Lawrence, 1st Earl of Howth, Anglo-Irish peer and lawyer
* Thomas St Lawrence, 3rd Earl of Howth, Irish peer
# Sarki

Sarki may refer to:
* Sarki, a well-dwelling snake slain by the mythological prince Bayajidda
* Şarkı, a vocal genre in Ottoman classical music
* Sarki (ethnic group), a sub group of Khas community
* Sarki, Hausa title for a traditional ruler or chief
# Tavárez

Tavárez (or Tabárez — Latin American Spanish: or Spanish pronunciation:) is a Spanish surname. The Portuguese version of this name is Tavares. Notable people with the surname include:

## Tavárez

* Christopher Tavarez (born 1992), American actor
* Elisa Tavárez (1879–1960), Puerto Rican pianist
* Jesús Tavárez (born 1971), Dominican-American professional baseball player
* Julián Tavárez (born 1973), Dominican-American professional baseball player
* Manuel Gregorio Tavárez (1843–1883), Puerto Rican composer
* Rosa Tavarez (1939–2023), Dominican painter
* Rosanna Tavarez (born 1977), Dominican-American entertainment reporter
* Shannon Tavarez (1999–2010), American child actress and singer
* Suzy Tavarez (born 1975), American radio personality tavarez josiah wilson born 1998

## Tabárez

* Óscar Tabárez (born 1947), Uruguayan football manager
# Lasiocercis tricoloripennis

Lasiocercis tricoloripennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1965.
# Ski orienteering at the 2011 Asian Winter Games – Men's long distance

The men's long distance (10.1 kilometers) event at the 2011 Asian Winter Games was held on 3 February at the Almaty Biathlon and Cross-Country Ski Complex.

## Schedule

All times are Almaty Time (UTC+06:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Thursday, 3 February 2011 | 14:00 | Final |

## Results
### Legend

* DNF — Did not finish
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| | Mikhail Sorokin (KAZ) | 58:06 |
| | Alexey Nemtsev (KAZ) | 1:06:10 |
| | Bayaraagiin Gerelt-Od (MGL) | 1:16:56 |
| 4 | Dong Wenqiang (CHN) | 1:21:43 |
| 5 | Sattar Seid (IRI) | 1:47:05 |
| 6 | Jang Koang-min (KOR) | 1:48:11 |
| 7 | Yasin Shemshaki (IRI) | 1:49:32 |
| 8 | Boldyn Byambadorj (MGL) | 2:07:37 |
| — | Hong Byung-sik (KOR) | DNF |
| — | Andrei Savinykh (KGZ) | DNF |
| — | Tamerlan Dzhumabekov (KGZ) | DNF |
# Baluwa

Baluwa may refer to:
* Baluwa, Kathmandu
* Baluwa, Kavrepalanchok
* Baluwa, Salyan
# William Rowland (cricketer)

William Harold Rowland (24 February 1904 – 12 April 1942) was a Welsh cricketer. Rowland's batting style is unknown, but it is known he occasionally fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Llandrillo-yn-Rhos, Denbighshire.
Rowland made his first-class debut for Wales against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1925. He made five further first-class appearances for Wales, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1930. In his thirteen first-class matches, he scored 25 runs at an average of 5.00, with a high score of 11 not out. He also played Minor counties cricket for Denbighshire, who he made his debut for in the 1930 Minor Counties Championship against Cheshire. He made two further Minor Counties Championship appearances for the county, both in 1930 against Lincolnshire and the Lancashire Second XI.
He died in Wilford, Nottinghamshire on 12 April 1942. He was survived by his brother Cyril, who also played first-class cricket for Wales.
# Satra Kanara

Satra Kanara is a village located in the Barpeta district of Assam, India. Sitting on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River, it is situated about 15 kilometres southwest of the district headquarter Barpeta. In the 2011 census, the village was recorded to have a population of 30,994.

## Geography

Satra Kanara is bournded by Beki River to the northwest and Brahmaputra River to the south. Its neighboring settlements are Koemari, Kanara, Niz Baghbar, and Balajan. The village sprawls across 2124.8 hectares of land.

## Demographics

Satra Kanara had a population of 30,994 in the year 2011, with 51.34% being male and 48.66% being female. About 31.00% of the population participated in the workforce. The literacy rate stood at 35.21%, with 40.51% of the male residents and 29.57% of the female residents being literate.
# List of Asilidae species: I

This article lists described species of the family Asilidae start with letter I.
A  • B  • C  • D  • E  • F  • G  • H  • I  • J  • K  • L  • M  • N  • O  • P  • Q  • R  • S  • T  • U  • V  • W  • Y  • Z

## List of species
### Genus Ichneumolaphria

* Ichneumolaphria fascipennis (Hermann, 1912)
* Ichneumolaphria schachti (Geller-Grimm, 1997)
* Ichneumolaphria zikani (Carrera, 1951)

### Genus Illudium

* Illudium hibernum (Richter, 1962)

### Genus Iranopogon

* Iranopogon brandti (Timon-David, 1955)
* Iranopogon gaspari (Tomasovic, 1999)

### Genus Irwinomyia

* Irwinomyia argentea (Londt, 1994)
* Irwinomyia aurea (Londt, 1994)

### Genus Ischiolobos

* Ischiolobos mesotopos (Londt, 2005)
* Ischiolobos notios (Londt, 2005)

### Genus Itolia

* Itolia atripes (Wilcox, 1949)
* Itolia fascia (Martin, 1966)
* Itolia maculata (Wilcox, 1936)
* Itolia pilosa (Martin, 1966)
* Itolia timberlakei (Wilcox, 1949)
# Carlisle Bogfield railway station

Carlisle Bogfield railway station, also known as Carlisle Water Lane railway station, served the city of Carlisle, in the historical county of Cumberland, England, from 1843 to 1844 on the Maryport and Carlisle Railway.

## History

The station was opened on 10 May 1843 by the Maryport and Carlisle Railway. It was a short-lived station, being replaced by Carlisle Crown Street station on 30 December 1844.
# Satakunnansilta

Satakunnansilta (the ″Satakunta Bridge″) is an old bridge in Tampere, Finland, that crosses the Tammerkoski rapids north of Hämeensilta. The bridge is part of the Satakunnankatu street and is used by both vehicle traffic and pedestrians.
The Satakunta Bridge was designed by engineer Karl Snellman, son of Senator J. V. Snellman. It was built between 1897 and 1900 and commissioned on October 9, 1900. The bridge is a 6-span stone arch bridge with spans of 17 meters. The width of the bridge is 11.75 meters and its total length is 112.6 meters.
In 2013, the bridge railings were refurbished to the original model, and in 2014, the bridge lamps were replaced with the original model.
# Dalriada Festival

The Dalriada Festival (now known as Dalfest) is an annual cultural and heritage festival of sport, music and foods that takes place in the village of Glenarm, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom each July.

## Overview

The main events take place at Glenarm Castle. The festival was first held in 1995 and has grown to include Highland Games, celebrity chef demonstrations, performing arts, live music, craft stalls and children's entertainment.
As part of the festival, Glenarm Castle also hosts outdoor concerts known as "DalriadaLIVE". Artists who have appeared at DalriadaLIVE include General Fiasco, Duke Special, Amici, The Priests, Brian Houston, David Phelps, Ronan Keating, Sharon Corr, Nathan Carter and Lisa McHugh. Glenarm village and the local area provides the location for the sporting events such as a triathlon, kids duathlon, mountain run, football, shinty, rowing regatta and horse hunt chase. The village also hosts community based events including a treasure hunt, fun run, it's a knockout, a foraging walk, and Northern Ireland's only wife-carrying competition. In 2013, additional events were added to the festival programme including a hiring fair and a super EnduroCross competition at the old quarry in Glenarm. The festival week traditionally comes to end with a street carnival, live music and a fireworks finale.
The festival is seen as one of the best throughout Ireland and regularly sees over 25,000 people in attendance.
The festival also supports a nominated charity each year, including SANDS and the Signal Foundation.
The festival was cancelled in 2020 due to the Covid 19, but a 'Homefest' event was held in 2020 where artists performed at Glenarm with a livestream broadcast.

## Dalfest

In 2021 the festival was repackaged as 'Dalfest' and was held as a live event with social distancing regulations in place. Artists included The Undertones, Pixie Lott and Ella Henderson.
The 2022 event saw guests including Tom Odell, Melanie C, Roman Kemp, Paddy Raff, Dea Matrona and the Belfast Community Gospel Choir.
The 2023 festival is due to be held on 15–16 July, with The Vamps and KT Tunstall included in the guest list.