OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Josef Scheungraber

Josef Eduard Scheungraber (8 September 1918 – 22 July 2015) was a Wehrmacht Lieutenant and businessman. He received life sentences in Germany and Italy for war crimes committed in World War II.

## Military career

A trained carpenter, Scheungraber volunteered for the 1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht) in Mittenwald. In World War II he fought in Poland, France, Russia, and Crete. In 1942 he received serious head injuries from a land mine in the Caucasus; following his recovery and since decorated with the Close Combat Clasp and Iron Cross I and II, he went to Italy per his wish as company commander of Mountain Engineer Battalion 818, where he was temporarily Ordnance Officer (Ordonnanzoffizier) to the supreme commander in Italy, Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring. According to his own statements, he participated in the evacuation of the Monte Cassino monastery at the end of 1943 prior to the Battle of Monte Cassino.

### War crimes

On 26 June 1944, an attack by partisans killed an NCO and a private. Scheungruber and the commander of the battalion gave an order to retaliate, which was carried out on the same day. Initially, a 74-year-old woman and three men were shot dead on a street at random by soldiers. Then, eleven men were captured and taken to the ground floor of a farmhouse in the village of Falzano di Cortona. The house was then dynamited, killing ten men who were 16 – 66 years of age. However, fifteen-year-old Gino Massetti survived the blast and would later give evidence against the defendant. A memorial to the victims of this war crime and to the victims of all war crimes committed by German mountain infantry (Gebirgsjäger) throughout Europe during World War II was inaugurated in Mittenwald on 21 March 2010.

## Post war

After the war, Scheungraber lived in Ottobrunn near Munich, where he operated a joinery and a furniture store. He was a member of the municipal council for twenty years and was made honorary commander of the fire brigade. In 2005 he was awarded the Citizen Medal for his services.

### Prosecution

Investigations against Scheungraber regarding the incidents in Falzano were not initially carried out by German legal authorities. However, an Italian military court in La Spezia sentenced him in absentia to life imprisonment on 28 September 2006 and subsequently gave their files to the German authorities. As a result, he was brought to Munich 1 State Court in October 2008. On 11 August 2009, Scheungraber - who had always denied the charges - was found guilty on 10 counts of murder and was sentenced to life imprisonment in a trial expected to be one of the last Nazi war crime trials. Scheungraber was allowed to remain free while his case was appealed and, in 2011, a German court found him unable to be imprisoned "due to his deteriorating mental health," meaning that he never actually went to prison.
# Jean Viarret

Jean Viarret was a Swiss racing cyclist. He was the Swiss National Road Race champion in 1896 and 1897.
# Stringtown, Kentucky

Stringtown is an unincorporated community in Anderson County, Kentucky, US, with a population of 200 people, and an elevation of 840 feet.
# Lepidoblepharis nukak

Lepidoblepharis nukak is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae. The species is endemic to Colombia.

## Etymology

The specific name, nukak, is in honor of the Nukak people of Colombia.

## Geographic range

L. nukak is found in Guaviare Department, Colombia.

## Habitat

The preferred habitat of L. nakuk is tropical wet forest at an altitude of about 200 m (660 ft).

## Description

L. nakuk is a small species of Lepidoblepharis, with a maximum snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 29.3 mm (1.15 in).
# Summer in the City

Summer in the City may refer to:
* Summer in the City (film), 1970
* "Summer in the City" (song), 1966 song by the Lovin' Spoonful
* "Summer in the City", a song by Regina Spektor from the album Begin to Hope, 2006
* "Summer in the City", a 2017 song by Now United
* Summer in the City: Live in New York, a 2000 live album by Joe Jackson and Sheldon Steiger
* "Summer In The City", a music festival in Vilnius, Lithuania.
# Robert A. Pearce

Robert Alasdair Pearce (born 28 November 1951) is a British academic. He was the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Wales, Lampeter between 2003 and 2008.
Educated at Grammar Schools in Birmingham, Bristol and Gloucester, Pearce went on to study law at Pembroke College, Oxford (BA Hons (Jurisprudence) 1973; BCL 1974; MA 1978). From there he went on to hold academic positions at the Universities of Newcastle upon Tyne, Lancaster, University College Cork (part of the National University of Ireland), and at the University of Western Ontario.
Pearce was Professor in Law at the University of Buckingham between 1990 and 2003, where he was successively Pro-Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Acting Vice-Chancellor. On 1 October 2003, he became the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Wales, Lampeter, in succession to Keith Robbins. In this capacity, he was Welsh Supernumerary Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford for the academic year 2007/8. He retired as Vice-Chancellor in September 2008. Alfred Morris was announced as his interim successor.
He has also been an academic auditor for the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education and its predecessor, the Higher Education Quality Council, since 1993.
# Sitana schleichi

Sitana schleichi, the Suklaphantah sitana, is a species of agamid lizard endemic to Nepal.

## Etymology

The species is named in honor of German herpetologist Hans Hermann Schleich (born 1952).
# Ian Black (swimmer)

Ian MacIntosh Black (born 27 June 1941) is a Scottish former competitive swimmer who represented Great Britain in international competition, including the Olympics and European championships, and Scotland in the Commonwealth Games, during the late 1950s and early 1960s.

## Swimming career

Black was BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 1958 at the age of only 17, and is still to date the youngest winner of the award. He earned the BBC honour by winning three gold medals in the 400- and 1500-metre freestyle events, as well as the 200-metre butterfly, at the 1958 European Championships in Budapest, Hungary. In the same year, he also won a gold and two silver medals for Scotland at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, Wales; gold in the 220-yard butterfly, silver in the 440-yard freestyle, and silver in the 4×220-yard freestyle relay.
In 1959 he set a new world record in the 400-metre individual medley, 5 minutes 8.8 seconds, a record that would stand for just over a year until broken by swimmer American George Harrison in 1960.
Black qualified to represent Great Britain in three events at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. In the event final of the men's 400-metre freestyle he was placed fourth, posting the same time as Australian John Konrads (4:21.8), but the judges awarded the bronze medal to Konrads. He was also a member of the British teams in the 4x200-metre freestyle relay and 4x100-metre medley relay events, placing fourth and seventh in the finals, respectively.
When competing for Great Britain, he would wear a MacGregor tartan dressing gown poolside. As well as excelling in the water, he was also a formidable rugby union player. In 2002 he became one of the first fifty Scottish men and women inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame.
He won the 1958 and 1959 ASA National Championship 110 yards freestyle titles, the 1958 and 1959 ASA National Championship 220 yards freestyle titles, the 1958 and 1959 ASA National Championship 440 yards freestyle titles and the 220 yards butterfly title in 1958 and 1959.

## Personal life

Black attended Aberdeen University, where he was awarded a Master of Arts and a Certificate in Education. In the late 1970s he became head teacher of Seafield Primary School in Elgin. He taught in Canada and he became headmaster of St Christopher's prep school in Bahrain. In the early 1980s he was headmaster of Sek Kong Primary School in Hong Kong, before moving to Aberlour House School 1987–89. He later returned to his former school, Robert Gordon's College in Aberdeen, as headmaster of the Junior School, and retired in 2004.
# Sardar-e Jangal gas field

The Sardar-e Jangal gas field is an Iranian natural gas field that was discovered in 2012. Located in 700m water depth it began production in 2012 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Sardar-e Jangal gas field, as specified by the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum, are around 50 trillion cubic feet (1,430×10$^9$m$^3$), however, estimates from the operator later placed reserves at 5 trillion cubic feet, and production is slated to be around 2.45 billion cubic feet/day (70×10$^6$m$^3$).
# Didessa National Park

Didessa National Park is a national park in western Ethiopia. It is located in the valley of the Didessa River, in Kamashi Zone of Benishangul-Gumuz Region in western Ethiopia. It covers an area of 1300 km$^2$.
It was designated a national park in 2017 by the Government of Ethiopia. It had previously been designated a wildlife sanctuary. It is known for its lush forests, towering waterfalls, and escarpments. This is home to a wide range of wildlife, including baboons, warthogs, bush-bucks, and Ethiopian wolf.
# Stringtown, Pennsylvania

Stringtown is an unincorporated community in Greene County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

## History

In 1999, two residents hypothesized that the community may have been derived from the way the houses are "all strung out" or because the road "runs like a string".
# Leonid Chizhik

Leonid Chizhik, also known as Leonid Arkadievich Chishik, was born on January 1, 1947, in Chişinău, Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. He is a jazz pianist and university lecturer at the universities of Weimar and Munich. Since 1991, Leonid Chizhik and his family have been living in Munich, Germany.

## Biography

Chizhik comes from a Jewish family. He studied at the state school of music in Kharkov in 1954. At the age of 15, he started appearing in bands. He studied at the Gnessin Institute, Moscow, then studied composition, musicology, and piano at Theodor Gutman, graduating as a concert pianist. He played in the trio with Georgy Garanjan's Melodija Ensemble in Moscow at café Molodjoschnoje (Youth). His main occupation, however, was in the state Varietéorchester. After playing for the first time as a classical soloist, he played jazz in public in 1974. He played on the debut album from Melodija. Afterwards he started his own trio, and he gained "popularity [as] a grandmaster of the concert jazz piano".

## Reception

P. Frederick Starr describes Chizhik as a "virtuoso pianist who combines the terrifying speed of Art Tatum with the delicate attack of Teddy Wilson." Although he plays bebop with phrasing, "the lyrical and romantic element in his play seems to be everywhere." For Starr, Chizhik is in the tradition of Alexander Tsfasman; he has also recorded George Gershwin's music.

## Discography

* Reminiscences (Reminiscences) (Melodija, 1981)
* Jam Session Moscow (Fusion Records / Bellaphon, 1981) with Hans Kumpf
* In Concert (MFSL, 1986)
* Days Of Wine And Roses (Loft, 1987)
* Lockenhaus Collection: Opus Scherziando (Phillips, 1990)
* Les Pianos de la Nuit (La Roque d'Antheron) (DVD, Ideal Audience, 2002)
* Rag-Gidon-Time (Deutsche Grammophon, 2005)
* TRIBUTE - Leonid Chizhik and Friends (listen2this, 2007)
# Langmusi

Langmusi Town (Chinese: 郎木寺镇; pinyin: Lángmùsìzhèn; Tibetan: སྟག་ཚང་ལྷ་མོ་, ZYPY: Taktsang Lhamo) is a small alpine town on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, nestled in a valley shared between Gansu and Sichuan provinces in China and straddled by two large monastery complexes. Administratively, the town is part of Luqu County in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu, although a small portion of the town in the south is actually located in Zoigê County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan. The town is commonly visited by tourists making the overland trip between Sichuan and Gansu. Inhabitants of the town are primarily Tibetan.

## History

The town emerged around the Tibetan Buddhist temple, Langmu Temple (Chinese: 郎木寺; pinyin: Lángmùsì) which was founded in 1748. At the time, Langmusi was located in the southern portion of the Amdo region of historical Tibet during Qing Dynasty rule.

## Geography

Langmusi is located at the headwaters of the Bailong River which eventually flows into the Yangtze at Chongqing. To the east of Langmusi are the Min Mountains which form the easternmost edge of the Tibetan Plateau. West of Langmusi are the Xiqing Mountains. The mountains directly south of Langmusi form the divide between the Yangtze and Yellow River basins. Beyond these mountains are the expansive Zoigê Wetlands which drain into the Yellow River.

## Tourism

Langmusi is a popular destination for domestic tourists and is accessible via Highway 213 which passes 3 km to the north of the town. The nearest airport is Gannan Xiahe Airport, 125 km north.
In the southern (Sichuan) portion of the town is the Kirti Monastery. The northern (Gansu) portion of the town is dominated by the Sertri Monastery. Both monasteries are popular with tourists but only the Kirti Monastery charges an admission fee. South of the Kirti Monastery is Namo Gorge and its caves which are common destinations for hiking. In the surrounding countryside, multi-day horseback riding trips are available to tourists that may overnight with Tibetan nomads.
# Zachariah T. Woodall

Zachariah T. Woodall (September 1849 – September 12, 1899) was a soldier in the U.S. Army who served with the 6th U.S. Cavalry during the Red River War, and later in the Spanish–American War. He was one of six men who received the Medal of Honor who, while in command of an 8-man courier detail, engaged in a running battle with a hostile force of 125 Indians at the Washita River in Texas during the Battle of the Upper Washita on September 12, 1874.

## Biography

Born in Alexandria, Virginia in 1849, Zachariah T. Woodall enlisted in the U.S. Army following the American Civil War. Sent out west to the frontier, Woodall became an experienced Native American fighter and eventually reached the rank of sergeant. During the Red River War, he served on the Texas frontier with the 6th U.S. Cavalry. On the morning of September 12, 1874, Woodall led a 6-man courier detail including cavalry troopers Pvt. John Harrington, Pvt. Peter Roth, Pvt. George W. Smith, and civilian scouts Amos Chapman and Billy Dixon. They were assigned to find a supply train under Captain Wyllys Lyman and direct them to Colonel Nelson A. Miles' new encampment on McClellan Creek. On their way to the wagon train, Woodall and his men were suddenly ambushed and encircled by a force of 125 Native Americans at the Washita River.
Caught out in the open, and with virtually no cover, Woodall and his men dismounted and engaged the Native Americans. After four hours of fighting, they had lost their horses and all the soldiers had been wounded. Making their way to a nearby buffalo wallow, they continued fighting the Native Americans throughout the day and managed to hold the hostiles off despite being outnumbered 25-to-1. They were eventually found by members of the 8th U.S. Cavalry, then rescued by Colonel Miles' troops and brought to Fort Supply to recover from their wounds. All six men, including Woodall, were awarded the Medal of Honor for their participation in what would become known as the Battle of Buffalo Wallow.
Woodall remained in the military for the next 25 years. While serving in the Spanish–American War, he died at Cabana Fortress in Havana, Cuba on September 12, 1899. He was later interred at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company I, 6th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Wichita River, Tex., 12 September 1874. Entered service at: ------. Birth: Alexandria, Va. Date of issue: 7 November 1874.
Citation:
   While in command of 5 men and carrying dispatches, was attacked by 125 Indians, who, he with his command fought throughout the day, he being severely wounded.
# Sitana sushili

Sitana sushili, Sushil's fan-throated lizard, is a species of agamid lizard. It is endemic to India.
# Chamaedoreeae

Chamaedoreeae is a palm tribe in the subfamily Arecoideae. It has five genera.

## Genera

* Hyophorbe – Mascarenes
* Wendlandiella – Peruvian Amazon
* Synechanthus – Central America, Colombia, Ecuador
* Chamaedorea – Central America, NW South America
* Gaussia – Mexico, Belize, Cuba
# Bill Nelson (sound engineer)

Bill Nelson (April 19, 1945 – August 16, 2021), also known as William Nelson, was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for two Academy Awards in the category Best Sound for the films Heartbreak Ridge and Lethal Weapon.

## Selected filmography

* Heartbreak Ridge (1986)
* Lethal Weapon (1987)
# Ryan Heshka

Ryan Heshka (born 1970) is a Canadian artist and illustrator, born in Manitoba, Canada. Heshka's illustrations have been publicized in notable magazines such as Wall Street Journal, Esquire, Vanity Fair, Playboy, the New York Times and others, as well as professional art publications such as American Illustration, Society of Illustrators, and Communication Arts. His artworks have been featured on the cover of BLAB! books. As a professional artist Heshka has shown in galleries in North America (including Roq La Rue, Seattle, WA; Richard Heller, LA; Copro Nason, LA; Orbit Gallery, New Jersey; Rotofugi, Chicago) and Europe (Feinkust Kruger, Germany; Antonio Colombo Arte Contemporanea, Italy). His work is often considered to be pop surrealism for his surreal scenes, humor, pop culture references and visual language similar to comics and cartoons. He now lives and works in Vancouver, Canada.

## Exhibitions

2013 - "Teenage Machine Age", Antonio Colombo Arte Contemporanea; Milan, Italy
2012 - "Disasterama", Roq La Rue Gallery; Seattle, WA
2012 - "Don't Wake Daddy 7" (group show), Feinkunst-Kruger; Hamburg, Germany
2012 - "Ours", Antonio Colombo Arte Contemporanea; Milan, Italy
2011 - "In the Trees: Twin Peaks 20th Anniversary show", Clifton's Brookdale, Los Angeles, CA
2011 - "Instinction", Roq La Rue Gallery; Seattle, WA
2010 - "Don’t Wake Daddy 5" (group show), Feinkunst-Krueger; Hamburg, Germany
2010 - "Super Things", Roq La Rue Gallery; Seattle, Washington
2010 - "Strange Powers" (presented by BLAB!), Rotofugi Gallery; Chicago, IL
2010 - "Lush Life 2" (group show), Roq La Rue Gallery; Seattle, Washington
2009 - "True Self" (group show), Jonathan LeVine Gallery; New York, NY
2009 - "Envirus", Roq La Rue Gallery; Seattle, Washington
2009 - "Ryan Heshka: Electro-Wonders", Harold Golen Gallery; Miami, Florida
2008 - "Don’t Wake Daddy 3" (group show), Feinkunst-Krueger; Hamburg, Germany
2008 - "Ryan Heshka: The OBIT Paintings (a BLAB! show)", Copro Nason Gallery; Santa Monica, CA
2008 - "Sideshow" (group show), Merry Karnowsky Gallery; Los Angeles, CA
2008 - "Ryan Heshka: Radio Science Funnies Inc. (presented by BLAB!)", Secret Headquarters; Los Angeles, CA
2007 - "Ryan Heshka: Neo-Pulp", Orbit Gallery; West New York, NJ
2007 - "Jolly Gleetime", DVA Gallery; Chicago, IL
2006 - "Ryan Heshka: ABC SpookShow", El Kartel; Vancouver, B.C.
2004 - "Miss Universe", El Kartel; Vancouver, B.C.
# Didesmandra

Didesmandra is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Dilleniaceae. The only species is Didesmandra aspera.
Its native range is Borneo.
# Stringtown, Marion County, West Virginia

Stringtown is an unincorporated community in Marion County, West Virginia, United States.
# Richland Township, Logan County, Ohio

Richland Township is one of the seventeen townships of Logan County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,645.

## Geography

Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
* McDonald Township, Hardin County - north
* Taylor Creek Township, Hardin County - northeast
* Rushcreek Township - east
* McArthur Township - south
* Washington Township - southwest
* Stokes Township - west
* Roundhead Township, Hardin County - northwest
The village of Belle Center is located in northern Richland Township, and the unincorporated community of Northwood lies in the township's southeast, along the border with McArthur Township.
The eastern part of Indian Lake is located in western Richland Township.

## Name and history

Richland Township was organized in 1844. It is one of twelve Richland Townships statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## Transportation

Important highways in Richland Township include State Routes 117, 235, 273, 366, and 368.
The township is the location of the Bickham Covered Bridge, which carries County Road 38 over the South Fork of the Miami River. Built in 1877 and refurbished in 1959, it employs the Howe truss design. The bridge's length is 94 feet (29 m).
# Sunset Park Greenway

The Sunset Park Greenway (SPGW; also known as the Shore Parkway Greenway Connector) is a 4.41 mile (7.10 km)-long, signed cycle route traversing Sunset Park, Brooklyn with portions running through the adjacent neighborhoods of Bay Ridge, Borough Park and Kensington.

## Route description

The Sunset Park Greenway's north/east-bound route begins as a separate bicycle/pedestrian path at the northwestern terminus of the Shore Parkway Greenway at the 69th Street pier at Bay Ridge Avenue and Shore Road in Bay Ridge. The curved, terraced path, runs north for one block along the western edge of Shore Road to 68th Street where it crosses Shore Road and enters Owl's Head Park. Through Owl's Head, the greenway follows a paved path along the park's outer perimeter exiting onto a bike lane on Wakeman Place at Colonial Road. A Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway is planned to connect Owl's Head to Downtown Brooklyn and Greenpoint, Brooklyn.
The SPGW follows Wakeman Place to 3rd Avenue where it veers northbound onto a short bike lane on the Belt Parkway overpass and immediately takes a hard 90° right turn into Leif Ericson Park. The greenway follows the park's north path to 5th Avenue at 66th Street. At 5th Avenue, the route travels northbound to 62nd Street where it enters Sunset Park proper just after 65th Street. This stretch is signed but does not contain a painted bike lane. At 62nd Street, the greenway heads eastbound along a bike lane on the north side of the street, at 7th Avenue, the greenway veers north along a bike lane to 42nd Street. At 42nd Street, the SPGW heads eastbound to 9th Avenue along a bike lane on the north side of the street and continues north and east to connect to the Brooklyn-Queens Greenway.
# Li Gou

Lǐ Gòu (李遘) (750? – January 30, 809) was a Tang dynasty prince and Tang Daizong's eighth son. His mother's identity is unknown.
In the year 775 Li Gou became Prince of Fu (鄜王) and in 783 was awarded the title Prince of Jian (簡王) by his elder brother and emperor Tang Dezong.
In the year 809 Li Gou died.