OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Regnault (crater)

Regnault is a lunar impact crater that is located close to the northwest limb of the Moon. It lies across the western rim of the walled plain Volta, with the slightly smaller crater Stokes attached to the southern outer rim. Due to its location, Regnault is not favorably placed for viewing from the Earth. It is seen at a very oblique angle, limiting the detail that can be viewed. The visibility of this crater is also affected by libration of the Moon.
As the eastern rim of Regnault lies across the rim of Volta, that eastern rim is somewhat less prominent than the western half. The rim has not been heavily eroded, although a small craterlet lies across the northern rim. Where it joins Stokes to the south, the rim has been straightened slightly, and ejecta lies across part of the interior floor. The inner walls of Regnault are relatively simple slopes that lead down to the level interior floor. This base is marked only by a few tiny craters and has no central peak.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Regnault.
| Regnault | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| C | 55.2° N | 89.2° W | 14 km |
| W | 53.5° N | 89.9° W | 15 km |
# Launceston Players

The Launceston Players Society is an Australian theatre company, believed to have been formed in September 1926 in Launceston Tasmania. The first production, "Nothing But the Truth" by James Montgomery, was performed in March 1927.
Since that first performance, the Launceston Players have presented a wide variety of musicals, dramas, comedies, Theatre Restaurant, street theatre, play readings and commercials. The Australian Live Performance database lists approximately 170 events related to the organisation.
It is one of the oldest theatre companies in Australia.
The society's records are held at the Queen Victoria Museum & Art Gallery in Launceston.
# Sus og dus på by'n

Sus og dus på by'n (Carefree in the City) is a Norwegian comedy film in three episodes from 1968. It stars Arve Opsahl, Carsten Byhring, and Aud Schønemann. The film consists of three sequences, directed by Knut Andersen, Knut Bohwim, and Mattis Mathiesen, respectively.
It is one of many films based on books by the writer Egil Lian. His novel Sus og dus på by'n was published by Cappelen in 1965.

## Directors of individual sequences

* Knut Andersen: Oss rosemalere imellom (Among Us Rosemaling Painters)
* Knut Bohwim: Fyrstens testamente (The Prince's Will)
* Mattis Mathiesen: Det private initiativ (The Private Initiative)

## Plot

The main characters in the story are Slegga, Reven, and Nelly. Slegga (Sledgehammer) is big and strong, kind, and maybe a little stupid. Reven (the Fox) is a completely different type. He is smart and a driven petty criminal. Nelly is also on the wrong side of the law, but her heart is in the right place. The trio go in and out of prison, but they find each other when they are all at large. The film's three sequences portray the jailbirds' activities and circle of friends in Oslo's underworld.

## Cast

* Carsten Byhring as Reven
* Arve Opsahl as Slegga
* Aud Schønemann as Nelly
* Kaare Gundersen as a policeman
* Henry R. Hagerup as a scrap dealer
* Per Hagerup as a policeman
* Alf Hallgren as a policeman
* Solfrid Heier as Olga
* Sverre Holm as a policeman
* Ola Isene as a whimsical character with a wild duck in the attic
* Willy Kreim as a policeman
* Bernt Lindekleiv
* Rolf Nannestad as an attic tenant
* Jan Pande-Rolfsen as a policeman
* Siri Rom as Mrs. Kreim
* Anders Sundby as a policeman
* Ottar Wicklund as a policeman
* Sverre Wilberg as the car dealer
# Supply creates its own demand

"Supply creates its own demand" is a formulation of Say's law. The rejection of this doctrine is a central component of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936) and a central tenet of Keynesian economics. See Principle of effective demand, which is an affirmative form of the negation of Say's law.
Keynes's rejection of Say's law has on the whole been accepted within mainstream economics since the 1940s and 1950s in the neoclassical synthesis, but debate continues between Keynesian economists and neoclassical economists (see saltwater and freshwater economics).
Keynes's interpretation is rejected by many economists as a misinterpretation or caricature of Say's law — see Say's law: Keynes vs. Say — and the advocacy of the phrase "supply creates its own demand" is today most associated with supply-side economics, which retorts that "Keynes turned Say on his head and instead stated that 'demand creates its own supply'".
The exact phrase "supply creates its own demand" does not appear to be found in the writings of classical economists; similar sentiments, though different wordings, appear in the work of John Stuart Mill (1848), whom Keynes credits and quotes, and his father, James Mill (1808), whom Keynes does not. See for more detailed information Kates (1998) Say's Law and the Keynesian Revolution: How Macroeconomic Theory Lost its Way..

## Other sources

Another source widely cited as a classical expression of the idea, and the original statement of Say's law in English, is by James Mill, in Commerce Defended (1808):
   The production of commodities creates, and is the one and universal cause that creates a market for the commodities produced.
Keynes does not cite a specific source for the phrase, and, as it does not appear to be found in the pre-Keynesian literature, some consider its ultimate origin a "mystery". The phrase "supply creates its own demand" appears earlier, in quotes, in a 1934 letter of Keynes, and has been suggested that the phrase was an oral tradition at Cambridge, in the circle of Joan Robinson, and that it may have derived from the following 1844 formulation by John Stuart Mill:
   Nothing is more true than that it is produce which constitutes the market for produce, and that every increase of production, if distributed without miscalculation among all kinds of produce in the proportion which private interest would dictate, creates, or rather constitutes, its own demand.
# XPA

DNA repair protein complementing XP-A cells is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XPA gene.

## Function

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a major pathway for repairing a variety of bulky DNA damages including those introduced by UV irradiation. The XPA protein appears to play a key role in NER at sites of damage as a scaffold for other repair proteins in order to ensure that the damages are appropriately excised. Among the repair proteins with which XPA interacts is a protein complex (including the ERCC1 protein) that is capable of incising DNA at sites of damage.
Xpa mutant individuals often show the severe clinical symptoms of xeroderma pigmentosum, a condition involving extreme sensitivity to sunlight and a high incidence of skin cancer.

## Interactions

XPA has been shown to interact with ERCC1, Replication protein A1 and XAB2.
# Charuulata 2011

Charuulata 2011 is a 2012 Bengali film directed by Agnidev Chatterjee. This film is based on Rabindranath Tagore's 1901 novella Nastanirh.

## Plot

Chaiti is a beautiful young woman and wife of newspaper editor Bikramjit, a workaholic who always stays busy with his editorial works. In spite of being a highly educated woman, Chaiti has nothing to do and she spends her time with expensive saris, filing nails, and watching TV.
Thus unhappy with her marriage and after an unfortunate miscarriage, Chaiti befriends Amal to find a friendly company. Amal is good looking and adventurous. From Amal's point of view Chaiti is Charulata 2011.

## Cast

* Rituparna Sengupta as Chaiti
* Kaushik Sen
* Dolon Roy
* Arjun Chakraborty as Bikramjit
* Dibyendu Mukherjee as Amal
# Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe

The Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe (LCIE) is a working group of the IUCN Commission on the Conservation of Species. and a Non-governmental organization. President of the LCIE is the Secretary of the IUCN Wolf Specialist Group Luigi Boitani. Its objective is to maintain and restore viable populations of large carnivores in coexistence with humans as an integral part of ecosystems and landscapes throughout Europe.

## History

LCIE was founded in June 1995 by a coalition of scientists, land managers, government officials und conservation groups (leading among them WWF Europe) from 17 European countries. The cause for the founding of LCIE was the critical situation of the Iberian lynx, whose population had dwindled to less than 100 adult individuals and was considered to be close to extinction.

## Activities

LCIE works in an advisory role both on the European and national level.
LCIE has the crucial consultative role for the European Commission's Large Carnivores Unit and for the Standing Committee of the Bern Convention. The LCIE prepares the documents relevant for the EU as a basis for the national management plans for the large carnivores Eurasian wolf, Italian wolf, lynx, brown bear and wolverine in Europe. In addition, many of its members are involved in activities to reintroduce and protect these predator species, they perform key tasks in monitoring populations of lynx, brown bear and wolverine and in wolf monitoring, and they write or co-author publications.
The LCIE works together with the organisation Rewilding Europe.
# Chasing Rainbows: The Road to Oz

Chasing Rainbows: The Road to Oz is a musical with a book by Marc Acito, based on the life of Judy Garland.

## Premise

Conceived by Tina Marie Casamento, with musical adaption and arrangements by David Libby the musical follows Judy Garland's early career from vaudeville baby to MGM teen star.

## Productions

The musical premiered at the Flat Rock Playhouse on December 2, 2015 and ran for a limited time through December 19, 2015.
Following a series of workshops and industry labs, it was announced in March 2019 that the show would have its world premiere at the Paper Mill Playhouse. Previews for Chasing Rainbows began on September 26, 2019 at the Paper Mill Playhouse. The world premiere of Chasing Rainbows opened the following month on October 6. The limited run closed on October 27, 2019. Following the Paper Mill Playhouse production, the producers planned to continue workshopping the musical.

## Musical numbers

Paper Mill Playhouse

## Cast and characters

| Character | Flat Rock Playhouse (2015) | Goodspeed Musicals (2016) | Industry Reading (2017) | Industry Workshop (2019) | Paper Mill Playhouse (2019) |
| Frances Gumm / Judy Garland | Ruby Rakos | Ruby Rakos | Ruby Rakos | Ruby Rakos | Ruby Rakos |
| Joe Yule / Mickey Rooney | Michael Wartella | Michael Wartella | Michael Wartella | Andrew Keenan-Bolger | Michael Wartella |
| Frank Gumm | Ben Crawford | Kevin Earley | Max von Essen | Daniel Reichard | Max von Essen |
| Louis B. Mayer | Kevin B. McGlynn | Michael McCormick | Michael McCormick | Michael McCormick | Stephen DeRosa |
| Roger Edens | Michael McCorry Rose | Gary Milner | Jason Danieley | Colin Hanlon | Colin Hanlon |
| Ethel Gumm | Wendy Bergamini | Sally Wilfert | Sally Wilfert | Sally Wilfert | Lesli Margherita |
| Ma Lawlor / Kay Koverman | Janet Dickinson | Karen Mason | Karen Mason | Karen Mason | Karen Mason |
| Baby Frances Gumm | Kyra Hewitt | Ella Briggs | Sophie Knapp | Sophie Knapp | Sophie Knapp |
| Shirley Temple | Nicole Johanson | Lea Mancarella | Violet Tinnirello | Violet Tinnirello | Violet Tinnirello |
| George Jessel | Michael McCorry Rose | Gary Milner | Kevin B. McGlynn | Kevin B. McGlynn | Kevin B. McGlynn |
| Mary Jane Gumm | Katie Drinkard | Lucy Horton | Samantha Joy Pearlman | Samantha Joy Pearlman | Samantha Joy Pearlman |
| Young Mary Jane Gumm | Katie LaMark | — | — | — | Alluson O’Malley |
| Virginia Gumm | Andrea Laxton | Andrea Laxton | Tessa Grady | — | Tessa Grady |
| Young Virginia Gumm | — | Piper Birney | Lea Mancarella | — | Molly Lyons |
| Deanna Durbin | Clare Griffin | Clare Griffin | Christina Maxwell | Christina Maxwell | Christina Maxwell |
| Clark Gable | Zachary Berger | — | — | John Battagliese | Sean Thompson |
| Lana Turner | Maddy Kinsella | Berklea Going | — | — | Clara Cox |
| Jean Harlow | Alexandria Van Paris | — | — | — | Kimberly Immanuel |
| Buddy Ebsen | Davis Wayne | — | — | — | Drew Redington |
| Gale Sondergaard | — | — | Mackenzie Bell | Mackenzie Bell | Mackenzie Bell |
| Bill Gilmore | Scott Treadway | Jesse Sharp | — | Jesse Sharp | Joe Cassidy |
# Susan D. Richardson

Susan D. Richardson is the Arthur Sease Williams Professor of Chemistry at the University of South Carolina. Richardson's research primarily focuses on emerging environmental contaminants, particularly those affecting drinking water systems and including disinfection by-products (DBPs) that can occur in water purification systems. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.

## Education

She earned her bachelor's degree in chemistry and mathematics at Georgia College & State University. Additionally, she completed her Ph.D. in chemistry at Emory University, under the direction of Fred Menger. She received an honorary doctorate from Cape Breton University.

## Career and awards

Prior to joining the faculty at University of South Carolina, Richardson worked at the National Exposure Research Laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for 25 years, first as a postdoctoral fellow and then a research chemist.
Richardson has been the recipient of numerous awards, including (among others): American Chemical Society Award for Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology (2008), Fellow of the American Chemical Society (2016); Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences (2019); the Herty Medal (2020).
Richardson served on a number of board positions with the American Society for Mass Spectrometry: Treasurer (2002-2004), Vice President for Programs (2018-2020), and President (2020-2022). In 2023, she was named one of the top ten "Connectors and Interdisciplinarians" in the Power List by the Analytical Scientist. In 2024, she was ranked #2 in the "Plant Protectors" field of the Analytical Scientist Power List.
# Latin percussion

Latin percussion is a family of percussion, membranophone, lamellophone and idiophone instruments used in Latin music.

## Instruments
### Afro-Cuban and Puerto Rican styles
#### Folkloric and Santeria

* Trap drums
* Abakua and Arará drums
* Chekere/Shekere
* Erikundi
* Bata
* Cowbell
* Shaker
* Conga
* Cajon
* Guiro
* Barril de bomba
* Pandereta plenera
* Cuá
* mouth sounds

#### 20-21st century music (Salsa, Son Montuno, Bolero, etc.)

* Bongo
* Conga
* Clave/Wood block
* Cowbell (cencerro)
* Timbales
* Shaker/Maraca
* Güiro
* Cajón

### South America

* Timbales, a similar Afro-Cuban instrument
* Surdo
* Cuíca
* Caixa
* Reco-reco
* Cabasa/Afuche
* Repinique
* Agogô
* Tan-tan
* Pandeiro
* Tamborim
* Apito
* Berimbau

#### Neo Samba and Neo-Bossa Nova additions

* Conga
* Timbales
* Bongo
* Clave/Wood block
* Cowbell

#### Andean styles (Peru, Bolivia, South Ecuador, Argentina, Chile)

* Rain Stick
* Reco-reco
* Sheep hooves, or chapchas
* Chipaya box
* Bombo
* Huancara
* Maraca

#### Coastal Peruvian and Afro-Peruvian

* Cajon
* Spoons
* Cajita

### Afro-Dominican
#### Folkloric

* Various African drums
* Shaker
* Tambora
* Palo drums
* Marimbula

#### Merengue and Bacha-rengue

* Tambora
* Güira
* Timbales
* Conga
* Bass drum (played by Güirero)

#### Bachata

* Güira
* Bongo
* Conga

### Other Caribbean
#### Honduran Punta & Folkloric music

* Shaker/Rattle
* Garawon (drum)
* Turtle Shells
* La Marimba

#### Guatemalan & Salvadoran folklore

* Marimba
* Shaker
* Rattle
* Guiro
* Bass drum

#### Cumbia (Colombia, Mexico, El Salvador, etc.)

* Conga
* Güira and Guiro
* Maracas
* Timbales
* Wood block
* Tambora
* Cowbell
* Bongos

#### Haitian

* Tanbou rada
* Tanbou Petwo

#### Trinidad

* dholak
* steel drum
* conga

#### Go-Go

* Conga
* Timbales
* Cowbell
* Wood block
* Bongo drum
# XCH

XCH is a three-letter acronym that can mean:
* an EXCHANGE instruction in the IBM 1130 and the Apollo Guidance Computer
* The IATA airport code for Christmas Island Airport
# XCL

XCL is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, as described below:
* Xlib Compatibility Layer
* Cluff Lake Airport, the IATA airport code
* Classical Armenian, the ISO 639-3 code being xcl.
* eXtensible Characterisation Language developed at the University of Cologne
* the XML interchange format for Common logic
# Susan Barnes

Susan Barnes may refer to:
* Sue Barnes (born 1952), Canadian politician
* Susan Barnes (computing), Apple Computer executive
* Susan Barnes (actress), in the TV series Titus
* Susan Barnes Carson (born 1941), née Susan Barnes, American serial killer
* Sue Barnes, a character in Peak Practice, played by Amelda Brown
* Suzanne Paul (née Susan Barnes, 1956), English-born New Zealand television personality
# Reserve Antiaircraft Artillery Division of Heilongjiang Provincial Military District

The Reserve Division of Daqing (Chinese: 大庆陆军预备役师) was activated in 1983 in Daqing, Heilongjiang. The division was then composed of:
* 1st Regiment
* 2nd Regiment
* 3rd Regiment
* Artillery Regiment
In 1985 it was redesignated as the Reserve Infantry Division of Daqing (Chinese: 大庆陆军预备役步兵师).
In 1987 the division was converted to an air defense unit as the Reserve Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division of Daqing (Chinese: 大庆陆军预备役高炮师). The division was then composed of:
* 1st AAA Regiment - 1st and 4th Drilling Corporation, Daqing Oil Field
* 2nd AAA Regiment - Daqing Petrochemical Corporation
* 3rd AAA Regiment
* 4th AAA Regiment
In January 1999 the division was merged with the Anti-Aircraft Artillery Brigade, 64th Army and redesignated as the Reserve Antiaircraft Artillery Division of Heilongjiang Provincial Military District(Chinese: 黑龙江陆军预备役高炮师).
# Latvia at the 2022 World Games

Latvia competed at the 2022 World Games held in Birmingham, United States from 7 to 17 July 2022.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Air sports | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Floorball | 14 | 0 | 14 |
| Inline hockey | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| Karate | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Orienteering | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Water skiing and wakeboarding | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 31 | 2 | 33 |

## Air sports

Three competitors represented Latvia in drone racing.

## Floorball

Latvia finished in 4th place in the floorball tournament.

## Inline hockey

Latvia finished in 7th place in the inline hockey tournament.

## Karate

One competitor represented Latvia in karate.
| Athlete | Event | Elimination round | Elimination round | Elimination round | Elimination round | Semifinal | Final / BM | Final / BM |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Kalvis Kalniņš | Men's kumite 60 kg | Shaaban (KUW) L 2–5 | Jina (MAR) L 3–5 | Brose (BRA) L 0–2 | 4 | Did not advance | Did not advance | 7 |

## Orienteering

Latvia competed in orienteering.
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Sandra Grosberga | Women's sprint | 16:31.00 | 13 |
| Sandra Grosberga | Women's middle distance | 43:22.00 | 10 |

## Water skiing & wakeboarding

Roberts Linavskis competed in the men's wakeboard event.
| Athlete | Event | Results | Results | Results | Results | Results |
| Athlete | Event | Quarterfinals | Last Chance Qualifiers | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| Roberts Linavskis | Men's Wakeboard Freestyle | 5th place | 5th place | Did not advance | Did not advance | 14 |
2022 World Games were the first World Games that invited an official from Latvia to participate as a judge - Oskars Kruze.
# Latvia at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships

Latvia competed at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan from 14 to 30 July.

## Diving

Latvia entered 1 diver.

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Semi-final | Semi-final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Džeja Patrika | 1 m springboard | 218.90 | 28 | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Džeja Patrika | 10 m platform | 245.85 | 27 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Swimming

Latvia entered 4 swimmers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Daniils Bobrovs | 100 metre breaststroke | 1:03.70 | 48 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Daniils Bobrovs | 200 metre breaststroke | 2:15.95 | 32 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Ģirts Feldbergs | 50 metre backstroke | 25.93 | 35 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Ģirts Feldbergs | 100 metre backstroke | 55.91 | 36 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Kristaps Mikelsons | 200 metre individual medley | 2:03.38 | 29 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Kristaps Mikelsons | 400 metre individual medley | 4:36.22 | 27 | — | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Ieva Maļuka | 50 metre freestyle | 26.29 | 46 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Ieva Maļuka | 200 metre freestyle | 2:00.94 NR | 33 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Ieva Maļuka | 200 metre individual medley | 2:15.33 NR | 23 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Susan Gourvenec

Susan Gourvenec FREng is a British geoscientist who is Professor of Offshore Geotechnical Engineering and deputy director of the Southampton Marine and Maritime Institute at the University of Southampton. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2022.

## Early life and education

Gourvenec studied engineering at Queen Mary and Westfield, which is now part of Queen Mary University of London. She moved to the University of Southampton for research studies. Her doctoral research considered geotechnical engineering, and the development of 3D finite element limit analysis of wall installation. She was a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Cambridge, where she spent two years before going to Perth. In Australia, Gourvenec worked at Advanced Geomechanics Pty, where she was a member of the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems.

## Research and career

Gourvenec develops new technologies to understand ocean structures, including the seabed. These technologies include robotics, sensors and autonomous vehicles. She moved to the University of Southampton in 2017, and was named a Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies. She was elected Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2022.

## Selected publications

* Randolph, M. F.; Gourvenec, Susan (2011). Offshore geotechnical engineering. Abingdon, Oxon: Spon Press. ISBN 978-0-203-88909-1. OCLC 727053453.
* Gourvenec, S.; Randolph, M. (2003-08-01). "Effect of strength non-homogeneity on the shape of failure envelopes for combined loading of strip and circular foundations on clay". Géotechnique. 53 (6): 575–586. Bibcode:2003Getq...53..575G. doi:10.1680/geot.2003.53.6.575. ISSN 0016-8505.
* Randolph, Mark F. (2012-05-29). "Offshore Geotechnics - The Challenges of Deepwater Soft Sediments". Geotechnical Engineering State of the Art and Practice. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers: 241–271. doi:10.1061/9780784412138.0010. ISBN 9780784412138.
# Sućeska

Sućeska (Cyrillic: Сућеска) is a village in the municipality of Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Lavdara

Lavdara is an uninhabited Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea located east of Dugi Otok. Its area is 2.27 km$^2$ (0.88 sq mi).
The island is 3 km long, and the widest part is 1 km wide.
By boat, the coast of the island can be reached in 15 minutes from the Sali, the nearest inhabited place on Dugi Otok.