OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Denomination (postage stamp)

In philately, the denomination is the "inscribed value of a stamp".
The denomination is not the same as the value of a stamp on the philatelic market, which is usually different, and the denominations of a country's stamps and money do not necessarily match. For instance, there might be a 47¢ stamp to pay a particular postal rate but there is unlikely to be a 47¢ coin.

## No denomination shown

Where no denomination is shown, it may be because the stamp is deliberately non-denominated to pay the cost of a particular service, or because the stamp is not a postage stamp. It might be a cinderella stamp of some kind such as a poster stamp or charity label.

### Letter-denominated first-class stamps

    Faced in 1978 with the problem of supplying stamps to satisfy an anticipated postal rate increase that had not yet been specifically determined, the United States Postal Service issued a stamp bearing the letter "A" instead of a numerical denomination, announcing that this stamp would cover whatever new first-class postal rate was approved by congress. Subsequent decades saw the issue of B, C, D, E, F, G and H stamps that similarly covered the periodic later rate increases.

### Forever stamps

In 2007 the United States Postal Service issued its first undenominated "Forever stamp", which was guaranteed to remain valid for first-class postage despite any and all future postal rate increases. By 2011, the vast majority of new U. S. postal issues were forever stamps, although some new stamps still carried specific denominations. In 2015 the forever stamp was expanded into all other stamps (additional ounce, postcard, non-machinable surcharge, two ounce and three ounce) and stamps either have their intended purpose or the word "FOREVER" printed on them instead of a denomination.

## Changes of denomination

Sometimes a stamp may have its denomination changed by the post office due to local circumstances. For instance, stocks of one value may be overprinted to show a different value due to stock shortages. In cases of hyper-inflation stamps have had their denomination changed by overprinting as existing denominations became worthless. In other cases, changes to the local currency have led to changes in denomination. For instance, when the Ryukyu Islands (at the time a United States protectorate) changed its currency from Yen to Dollars, a number of airmail stamps originally printed with Yen values were overprinted and re-denominated to cents in 1959–1960.

## Hyperinflation Denominations

During periods of hyperinflation, non-overprinted postage stamps of extraordinary denominations have been issued. As one example, in Hungary, on 15 July 1946 an AP40,000 (Hungarian adópengő) stamp featuring a diesel locomotive was issued. This was the equivalent of 80 quadrillion pengő (P80,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)
# Telescopus nigriceps

Telescopus nigriceps, the black-headed snake, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.
The snake is found in Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran.
# Entrada

Entrada is a Spanish or Portuguese word meaning entry and may refer to:
* Entrada Sandstone, a geological formation spread across Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and Utah
* Entradas, a town in Castro Verde, Portugal
* La Entrada, a town in Honduras
* La Entrada al Pacífico, a trade corridor between Mexico and the United States
* "Entrada" (Fringe), an episode of the television series Fringe
* Entrada Travel Group, New Zealand travel company
# Lists of conferences

This is a list of lists of conferences.

## Academic or scientific

* List of communications-related conferences
* List of computer science conferences
* List of distributed computing conferences
* List of free software events
* List of human genetics conferences
* List of IEEE conferences
* List of physics conferences
* List of systems biology conferences

## Athletic or sports

* List of college athletic conferences in the United States
* List of defunct college football conferences
* List of NAIA conferences
* List of NCAA conferences

## Humanities, arts, or society

* List of Allied World War II conferences
* List of Axis World War II conferences
* List of bisexuality-related organizations and conferences
* List of LGBT-related organizations and conferences
* List of linguistics conferences
* List of model United Nations conferences
* List of skeptical conferences
* List of writers' conferences
* List of women's conferences

## By location

* List of conferences in Cairo
* List of conferences in London
# William Kilburn

William Kilburn (1745–1818) was an illustrator for William Curtis' Flora Londinensis, as well as a leading designer and printer of calico. A few hundred originals of his water colour designs make up the Kilburn Album, housed at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.
William Kilburn was born in Dublin in 1745. He was the son of a Dublin architect, Samuel Kilburn (d.1770), and was an apprentice to a calico printer, but spent his spare time engraving and sketching. He moved to Bermondsey after his father's death, and found living quarters near Curtis's nursery. Within a short while his skills were being used in the Flora Londinensis, for which he provided life-sized preparatory watercolours and thirty-one signed etchings. An engraved, illustrated trade card for the gardener Thomas Greening in the British Museum, London, further attests to Kilburn's activity in this medium. He soon returned to calico printing, becoming financially successful.
Kilburn was the chief petitioner in March 1787, requesting Parliament for design copyright protection in the textile industry. At that time Kilburn was a calico printer at Wallington in Surrey. Ralph Yates, who was a London warehouseman, regularly sold Kilburn's designs to the firm of Peel & Co. in Bury in Lancashire, who would copy the design and produce a cheaper fabric that appeared in shops within a few days. Consequently, the House of Commons proposed a Bill to control the plagiarism, a step meeting furious objections from Carlisle, Aberdeen, Manchester and Lancashire, who felt that their trade would collapse. The bill was passed in May 1787 "An Act for the Encouragement of the Arts of designing and printing Linens, Cottons, Callicoes and Muslins by vesting the Properties thereof in the Designers, Printers, Proprietors for a limited Time." This "limited Time" was a period of two months from the date of first publishing.
Many of Kilburn's works are available for viewing at The Victoria and Albert Museum, in South Kensington, London. An archive of Kilburn patterns are also available from the online V&A archives.
* Illustration of dandelion from Flora Londinensis
* Printed cotton with seaweed pattern
* c.1790 dress in a Kilburn cotton print, (RISD Museum)
* Detail of textile from dress
# 1947 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team

The 1947 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team was an American football team that represented University of North Dakota in North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1947 college football season. In its third season under head coach Red Jarrett, the team compiled a 4–4 record (2–2 against NCC opponents), finished in fourth place in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 128 to 126.
In the final Litkenhous Ratings released in mid-December, North Dakota was ranked at No. 275 out of 500 college football teams.
The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 12 | at Oklahoma City* | Taft StadiumOklahoma City, OK | L 7–20 | |
| September 14 | Luther* | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND | W 14–0 | |
| September 27 | at Iowa State Teachers | Cedar Falls, IA | L 0–20 | 3,500 |
| October 4 | at Augustana (SD) | Sioux Falls, SD | W 13–7 | |
| October 11 | Manitoba* | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND | W 47–0 | |
| October 18 | at North Dakota State | Fargo, ND | W 25–20 | 5,000-6,000 |
| October 25 | Bradley* | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND | L 15–39 | |
| November 1 | at South Dakota | Inman FieldVermillion, SD (rivalry) | L 7–20 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Senator Lent

Senator Lent may refer to:
* Abraham Lent (New York politician) (1815–1882), New York State Senate
* Berkeley Lent (1921–2007), Oregon State Senate
* Dave Lent (fl. 1990s–2010s), Idaho State Senate
* Norman F. Lent (1931–2012), New York State Senate
# Tabcorp Park

Tabcorp Park may refer to:
* Melton Entertainment Park, Victoria
* Menangle Park Paceway, New South Wales
# Vijayan

Vijayan is a South Indian name and may refer to:

## Given name

* Pinarayi Vijayan (born 1944), Indian politician
* Vijayan (actor) (1944–2007), Tamil & Malayalam film actor
* Vijayan (stunt coordinator), action choreographer for South Indian films
* Vijayan Nair, American statistician
* Vijayan Pillai, Indian politician
* Vijayan K. Pillai (born c. 1948), American professor of social work

## Surname

* Chandroth Vijayan (born 1936), Indian cricketer
* Dushara Vijayan (born 1997), Indian actress
* E. K. Vijayan (born 1953), Indian politician
* East Coast Vijayan, Indian lyricist
* G. S. Vijayan, Indian film director
* Geetha Vijayan (born 1972), Indian actress
* I. M. Vijayan (born 1969), Indian footballer
* Jay Vijayan, Tamil entrepreneur, engineer, inventor and investor
* K. Vijayan, Indian film director
* M. Vijayan (born 1941), Indian structural biologist
* M. N. Vijayan (1930–2007), Indian writer, orator and academic
* Nanjil Vijayan, Indian actor and comedian
* O. V. Vijayan (1930–2005), Malayalam novelist and cartoonist
* P. Vijayan (born 1968), Indian police officer
* Rajisha Vijayan, Indian actress
* Raman Vijayan (born 1973), Indian football manager
* Rex Vijayan (born 1983), Indian guitarist, composer and producer
* Sivakumar Vijayan (born 1982), Indian cinematographer
* T. C. Vijayan, Indian politician
* V S Vijayan (born 1945), Indian environmentalist and wildlife biologist
* V. T. Vijayan, South Indian film editor
* Vazhenkada Vijayan, Indian Kathakali dancer
* Vinod Vijayan, Indian film producer and director
# Martic

Martic can refer to:
* Martic Township, Pennsylvania
* Martić, Serbo-Croatian surname
* Martič, Slovene surname
# Telescopus tripolitanus

Telescopus tripolitanus is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.
The snake is found in Central Africa.
# Strikeforce: At The Dome

Strikeforce: At The Dome was a mixed martial arts event promoted by Strikeforce in conjunction with Brian Halquist Productions. The event took place at the Tacoma Dome in Tacoma, Washington on Saturday, February 23, 2008.
The event marked the North American MMA debut of Bob Sapp.
# To the Power of Three

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Philadelphia Inquirer | |
To the Power of Three (stylised as ...To the Power of Three) is the only album by the British-American progressive rock band 3. Produced by Carl Palmer and Robert Berry, it was released in early 1988 by Geffen Records.
The album contains a version of the Byrds' classic song "Eight Miles High" with altered lyrics. The closing track, "On My Way Home", was dedicated to Tony Stratton Smith.
To the Power of Three was met with negative reviews and was a commercial failure, having reached just number 97 in the U.S. Billboard 200. Jason Ankeny wrote to AllMusic a one-sentence review in which he opined that "...To the Power of Three fails to recapture the magic of Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer's past collaborations" and gave the album a 2-out-of-5 star rating.
"Talkin' Bout", the only single released from the album, peaked at number 9 in the Mainstream Rock chart.

## Track listing
### Notes

* ^a Lyrics were revised by Emerson, Berry, and Palmer.

## Charts

| Chart (1988) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 97 |
# 1949 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (II)

The second of three 1949 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (official name: III Gran Premio de Eva Duarte Perón), was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Palermo street circuit in Buenos Aires on February 6, 1949. The race was shortened from 35 laps due to rain.

## Classification

| Pos | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/Retired |
| 1 | Óscar Alfredo Gálvez | Alfa Romeo 308 | 30 | 1:31:04 |
| 2 | Juan Manuel Fangio | Maserati 4CLT | 28 | N/A |
| 3 | Eitel Cantoni | Maserati 4CL | 27 | N/A |
| 4 | Adriano Malusardi | Maserati 4CLT | 27 | N/A |
| 5 | P. Bira | Maserati 4CLT | 27 | N/A |
| 6 | Alberto Ascari | Maserati 4CLT | 25 | Engine |
| Ret | Luigi Villoresi | Maserati 4CLT | 11 | Carburetor |
| Ret | Nino Farina | Ferrari 125C F1 | | Crash |
| Ret | Reg Parnell | Maserati 4CLT | 10 | Radiator |
| Ret | Benedicto Campos | Maserati 4CLT | | Oil Pipe |
# Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics

The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (LDI) is the center for health services research, health policy, and health care management education at the University of Pennsylvania. It is based in the Colonial Penn Center on Locust Walk, at the heart of Penn's campus.
The focus of the LDI is on the organization, delivery, financing and management of health care and the social forces that shape health. LDI aims to improve health through multidisciplinary studies of the medical, economic, social, and ethical issues that influence it.
The LDI is a formal collaborative venture among Penn's schools of Medicine (Perelman), Business (Wharton), Nursing, Communication (Annenberg), Law, and Dental Medicine along with The University of Pennsylvania Health System and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Associated faculty members and distinguished Senior Fellows hail from a wide variety of disciplines.
The LDI was established in 1967, enabled by the support of Leonard Davis and his wife, Sophie Davis. Leonard Davis was one of the innovators in private health insurance. As the founder of Colonial Penn, Mr. Davis pioneered insurance plans for the elderly. He was also a strong advocate for the establishment of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), and was also closely involved in the congressional development of Medicare legislation.
* Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
* Entrance to the Colonial Penn Center, University of Pennsylvania.
* Inside the Colonial Penn Center, University of Pennsylvania.
* Sign outside the Colonial Penn Center, University of Pennsylvania.
* Leonard and Sophie Davis Auditorium in the Colonial Penn Center, University of Pennsylvania.
# Vikram Singh Negi

Vikram Singh Negi is an Indian politician from Uttarakhand who serves as Member of Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from Pratapnagar as a member of Indian National Congress.
# Vennezey

Vennezey (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
# Shanghai Cooperation Organization Military Tattoo

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization Military Tattoo (Chinese: 上海合作组织军乐节; Russian: Парад военного оркестра Шанхайской организации сотрудничества) also known as the SCO Military Tattoo is an annual military music event and military tattoo organized by the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
The musical groups that usually participate in the festival annually are the bands of SCO member states as well as SCO observer states. During the festival, musicians will usually perform for close to 8–10 minutes.

## History
### 2014, Zhurihe

The inaugural tattoo took place at Zhurihe Training Base, Inner Mongolia. It took place during the a large SCO exercise, in which more than 5,000 servicemen took part.

### 2015, St. Petersburg

It took place on Palace Square in the center of the city. Military soloists took part in the festival for the first time.

### 2016, Astana

It took place in front of the Baiterek monument near the Astana Opera.

### 2017, Shanghai

The total number of participants numbered in 426 musicians.

### 2018, Beijing

It was the first festival to include India and Pakistan since they became full members. A parade featuring the military bands in the festival took place at the Olympic Green.

## Notable participants

| Country | Band |
| China | Central Military Band of the People's Liberation Army of China |
| Kazakhstan | Presidential Band of the State Security Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| Kazakhstan | Central Military Band of the Ministry of Defense of Kazakhstan |
| Russia | Central Military Band of the Ministry of Defense of Russia |
| Tajikistan | Military Brass Band of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Tajikistan |
| Kyrgyzstan | Band of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan |
| Pakistan | Pakistan Armed Forces Band |
| India | Tri-Services Band |

## Festival titles by year

| Year | Title |
| 2014 | Peace Mission Military Festival |
| 2015 | Pipes of Peace Military Festival |
| 2016 | Trumpets of Peace Military Festival |
| 2017 | Trumpets of Peace Military Festival |
| 2018 | Trumpets of Peace Military Festival |

## Videos

* SCO Military Tattoo Parade held in Beijing on YouTube
* Live: First military tattoo commences at China’s Great Wall 2018“和平号角”上海合作组织军乐节开幕 on YouTube
# Telescopus finkeldeyi

Telescopus finkeldeyi, the Damara tiger snake, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.
The snake is found in Namibia and Angola.
# Erbessa

Erbessa is a genus of moths of the family Notodontidae. It consists of the following species:
* Erbessa albilinea Miller, 2008
* Erbessa alea (Druce, 1890)
* Erbessa augusta (Warren, 1909)
* Erbessa avara (Druce, 1899)
* Erbessa basivitta (Prout, 1918)
* Erbessa biplagiata (Warren, 1897)
* Erbessa capena Druce, 1885
* Erbessa cassandra (Druce, 1885)
* Erbessa celata (Warren, 1906)
* Erbessa cingulina (Druce, 1885)
* Erbessa citrina Druce, 1898
* Erbessa clite (Walker, 1854)
* Erbessa conigera (Prout, 1918)
* Erbessa continens (Prout, 1918)
* Erbessa corvica (Dognin, 1923)
* Erbessa cuneiplaga (Prout, 1918)
* Erbessa decolorata (Hering, 1925)
* Erbessa depravata (Hering, 1925)
* Erbessa desmotrichoides (Hering, 1925)
* Erbessa dominula (Warren, 1909)
* Erbessa euryzona (Prout, 1922)
* Erbessa evippe (Walker, 1854)
* Erbessa evippoides (Hering, 1925)
* Erbessa graba (Druce, 1899)
* Erbessa inaria (Druce, 1885)
* Erbessa integra (C. and R. Felder, 1874)
* Erbessa josia (C. and R. Felder, 1862)
* Erbessa labana (Druce, 1895)
* Erbessa lamasi Miller, 2008
* Erbessa leechi (Prout, 1918)
* Erbessa lindigii (C. and R. Felder, 1874)
* Erbessa longiplaga (Warren, 1907)
* Erbessa macropoecila (Hering, 1925)
* Erbessa maera (Schaus, 1892)
* Erbessa mimica (Hering, 1925)
* Erbessa mitys (Druce, 1899)
* Erbessa ovia (Druce, 1893)
* Erbessa pales (Druce, 1893)
* Erbessa papula (Dognin, 1923)
* Erbessa primula (Dognin, 1919)
* Erbessa priverna (Cramer, 1777)
* Erbessa projecta (Warren, 1909)
* Erbessa prolifera (Walker, 1854)
* Erbessa prouti (Hering, 1925)
* Erbessa pyraloides (Walker, 1854)
* Erbessa quadricolor (Walker, 1856)
* Erbessa regis (Hering, 1925)
* Erbessa saga (Hering, 1925)
* Erbessa salvini (C. and R. Felder, 1874)
* Erbessa seducta (Prout, 1918)
* Erbessa semimarginata (Dognin, 1902)
* Erbessa semiplaga (Warren, 1905)
* Erbessa sobria Walker, 1854
* Erbessa stroudi Miller, 2008
* Erbessa tapajoza (Dognin, 1923)
* Erbessa tegyroides Miller, 2008
* Erbessa thiaucourti Miller, 2008
* Erbessa umbrifera (Walker, 1854)
* Erbessa unimacula (Warren, 1907)
* Erbessa ursula (Hering, 1925)
* This article on a moth of the genus Erbessa is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Scopula kuhitangica

Scopula kuhitangica is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is endemic to Turkmenistan. The habitat consists of the Amygdalus-belt at Juniperus-open forest.
# William Stimpson (politician)

William Stimpson (died by 1826) was a planter and slave-owner in Jamaica. He owned the Java Plantation in Manchester Parish and had interests in others. He was elected to the House of Assembly of Jamaica in 1820 for the parish of Vere.
# 1949–50 Spartan League

The 1949–50 Spartan League season was the 32nd in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 14 teams.

## League table

The division featured 14 teams, 12 from last season and 2 new teams:
* Slough Centre
* Stevenage Town
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | Briggs Sports (C) | 26 | 22 | 3 | 1 | 91 | 20 | 4.550 | 47 | |
| 2 | Cambridge Town (P) | 26 | 15 | 4 | 7 | 73 | 39 | 1.872 | 34 | Promotion to Athenian League |
| 3 | Aylesbury United | 26 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 69 | 48 | 1.438 | 34 | |
| 4 | Wolverton Town & B.R. | 26 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 78 | 43 | 1.814 | 32 | |
| 5 | Brentwood & Warley | 26 | 13 | 4 | 9 | 59 | 44 | 1.341 | 30 | |
| 6 | Letchworth Town | 26 | 13 | 2 | 11 | 53 | 50 | 1.060 | 28 | |
| 7 | Slough Centre | 26 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 50 | 62 | 0.806 | 26 | |
| 8 | Vauxhall Motors | 26 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 50 | 55 | 0.909 | 24 | |
| 9 | Metropolitan Police | 26 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 53 | 65 | 0.815 | 23 | |
| 10 | Huntley & Palmers | 26 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 60 | 72 | 0.833 | 22 | |
| 11 | Harrow Town | 26 | 8 | 3 | 15 | 53 | 89 | 0.596 | 19 | |
| 12 | Willesden | 26 | 8 | 2 | 16 | 39 | 57 | 0.684 | 18 | |
| 13 | Stevenage Town | 26 | 6 | 5 | 15 | 51 | 79 | 0.646 | 17 | Left the Division |
| 14 | Hoddesdon Town | 26 | 4 | 2 | 20 | 41 | 97 | 0.423 | 10 | Left the Division |
# Seok Ha-jung

Seok Ha-jung (also Seok Ha-jeong 석 하정, born January 11, 1985, as Shi Lei) is a Chinese-born South Korean table tennis player. She won four bronze medals at major international competitions: two at the 2009 East Asian Games and one each at the 2010 Asian Games and 2012 World Championships. Her team placed fourth at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Her world ranking varied from 12 to 65 between 2008 and 2014, peaking in early 2011.
# Lepetelloidea

Lepetelloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, small deepwater limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). (Previously this superfamily was in the order Cocculiniformia.)

## Description

Species in this superfamily have undivided shell muscles (except Lepetellidae). They possess secondary gill leaflets or their gills are reduced. Their radula contains a well-developed rachidian tooth.
The soft body lacks subpallial (i.e. below the mantle) glands. They have paired kidneys with the right one larger. With the exception of the subfamily Choristellinae, all known lepetelloids are simultaneous hermaphrodites, meaning they possess both male and female reproductive organs at the same time. Species in the subfamily Choristellinae are gonochoristic, i.e. with distinct males and females). The ciliated gonoducts (the ducts through which the gametes reach the exterior) contain no glands.

## Families

Families within the superfamily Lepetelloidea include:
* Addisoniidae
* Bathyphytophilidae
* Caymanabyssiidae
* Cocculinellidae
* Lepetellidae Dall, 1881
** Choristellinae - in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda according to Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, the group of species previously known as the family Choristellidae was reranked as Choristellinae, a subfamily of Lepetellidae.
* Osteopeltidae
* Pseudococculinidae
* Pyropeltidae
# Venneslafjorden

Venneslafjorden is a lake in the municipality of Vennesla in Agder county, Norway. The 1.56-square-kilometre (390-acre) lake is located along the river Otra. There are several islands and islets located in the northern part of the lake, the largest of which is Drivenesøya. The village of Vennesla is located along the southern end and there are also settlements that extend along the east side of the lake. The lake is dammed as a reservoir for the Hunsfos hydropower plants.