OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stadthalle Fürth

Stadthalle Fürth is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in Fürth, Germany. It opened in 1982 and has a total area of 2,500 m$^2$. Notable past performers include Chuck Berry, Frank Zappa, Alice Cooper, Ted Nugent, Ozzy Osbourne, Beastie Boys and Run–D.M.C.
It is also known as the regular venue of the Paul Hunter Classic, a professional snooker tournament for many years.
# Vanessa Freire

Freire Vergara Vanessa Lorena (born July 3, 1978) is an Ecuador politician. In 2021 she was a member of Union for Hope. She is a member of the National Assembly

## Life

Freire was born in Babahoyo. She studied Business Administration at the Metropolitan University of Ecuador.
In February 2021 she was elected to be a member of the fourth National Assembly of Ecuador.
In July 2021 Freire left the Union for Hope citing organisation differences. In 2022 she was an independent assembly member, she was aligned with the "Bank of the National Agreement" group, but her, and seven others, loyalty was questioned as that group was in decline.
In June 2022 she was representing the ruling party at a hearing established to try a charge against Yeseña Guamaní.
# Tanyrhinichthys

Tanyrhinichthys is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish with a lengthened rostrum that lived during the Kasimovian (Missourian) age (Upper Pennsylvanian, Upper Carboniferous) in what is now New Mexico, United States. Fossils were recovered from Tinajas Member of the Atrasado Formation (Kinney Brick Quarry).

## Ecology and evolution

Tanyrhinichthys had an elongated rostrum equipped with sensory canals, which allowed it to find prey organisms hidden in the substrate, similar to modern sturgeons. It is one of the first actinopterygians to independently evolve an elongate rostrum during the Paleozoic Era, along with Tegeolepis and Phanerorhynchus.
# Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender

Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender (19 February 1897, Aachen – 13 February 1978, Nuremberg) was a German operatic baritone, particularly associated with Mozart and Verdi roles. He is considered to have been one of the best lyric baritones of the inter-war period.

## Life and career

Domgraf-Fassbaender studied first in Berlin with Jacques Stuckgold and Paul Bruns, and later in Milan with the prominent Italian dramatic tenor Giuseppe Borgatti (who also taught the English tenor Heddle Nash). His stage debut occurred in 1922 in his native Aachen, as Almaviva in Nozze di Figaro.
He sang at the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1923 to 1925, at the Düsseldorf opera house from 1925 to 1927, at the Staatstheater Stuttgart from 1927 to 1930 and finally at the Berlin Staatsoper from 1930 until 1948. Domgraf-Fassbaender was invited to sing at the Glyndebourne Festival in England from the festival's foundation in 1934 until 1937, performing Mozart roles. He also appeared at the Salzburg Festival in Austria in 1937, as Papageno in The Magic Flute. After the Second World War, he performed mostly in Vienna, Munich, Hannover, and Nuremberg, where he was resident producer at the latter city's opera house from 1953 to 1962.
In 1954, he began teaching at the Meistersinger-Konservatorium in Nuremberg, where he trained his daughter, mezzo-soprano Brigitte Fassbaender. He was married to the actress Sabine Peters.
Domgraf-Fassbaender had a beautiful voice which he used with sensitive musicianship and an excellent technique. He was an accomplished singer-actor as well, appearing in a few musical films. Domgraf-Fassbaender left a sizeable legacy of audio recordings, many of which are available on CD reissues.

## Selected filmography

* The Marriage of Figaro (1949)

## Sources

* Dictionnaire des interprètes, Alain Pâris, (Éditions Robert Laffont, SA, Paris, 1989) ISBN 2-221-06660-X
* The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera [second edition], (Oxford University Press, London, 1980).
# Maria Aloni

Maria D. Aloni (born 1969) is an Italian logician and philosopher of language, interested in formal semantics and the development of forms of logic that can capture the deviations of human reasoning from classical logic. She is an associate professor in the University of Amsterdam Faculty of Humanities, affiliated there with the Department of Philosophy and the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation.

## Education and career

Aloni was born in 1969 in Milan, and studied with the philosopher Andrea Bonomi and the linguist Gennaro Chierchia. She completed her PhD at the University of Amsterdam in 2001, advised by Jeroen Groenendijk and Paul J. E. Dekker.
She stayed on at the University of Amsterdam as a lecturer and postdoctoral researcher, also working for a year as a postdoctoral fellow at Utrecht University. In 2012 she became an assistant professor at the University of Amsterdam, and in 2018 she was promoted to associate professor.

## Book

With Paul Dekker, Aloni is co-editor of The Cambridge Handbook of Formal Semantics (Cambridge University Press, 2016).

## Recognition

Aloni was the 2002 winner of the E. W. Beth Dissertation Prize of the Association for Logic, Language and Information. She was elected to the Academia Europaea in 2020.
# Songs for the Incurable Heart

Songs for the Incurable Heart is STEMM's third full-length album originally released November 15, 2005. It was re-released on October 10, 2006 by major record label I Scream Records, who signed STEMM in 2006. The song "The Day the Earth Stood Still" is a tribute song to the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks in which vocalist T.J. Frost was a survivor. The opening track, "The Memory Remains" is also a tribute song to former Pantera/Damageplan guitarist Darrell "Dimebag" Abbott. This is the only album to feature former vocalist T.J. Frost and the last album to feature guitarist Rich Spalla who both left the band in 2007. The album sold over 6,000 copies.

## Track listing

* "The Memory Remains" - 3:23
* "A Song for the Incurable Heart" - 3:19
* "Till I Die" - 4:02
* "Monster" - 3:52
* "Pandemic" - 4:10
* "Numb" - 5:30
* "On the Surface" - 4:11
* "13 Years" - 3:30
* "Incomplete" - 3:36
* "Holding On" - 4:18
* "Between Now and Forever" - 3:47
* "The Day the Earth Stood Still" - 9:11

## Album credits

* Tony Gammalo - engineer
* Mike Hatalak - producer
* Fred Betschen - mastering
* Mark Hunter - guest vocals on "13 Years"
# Skeppsdalsström

Skeppsdalsström is a locality situated in Värmdö Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 1,573 inhabitants in 2010.
# List of political parties in Central Asia by country

Part of the Politics series :
Party politics :
Political Spectrum
Left-Wing
Far-LeftCentre-Left
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Centre-LeftRadical CentreCentre-Right
Right-Wing
Centre-RightFar-Right :
Major Ideologies
Agrarianism
Anarchism
Christian democracy
Communism
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Islamism
Liberalism
Libertarianism
Monarchism
Nationalism
Populism
Progressivism
Classical radicalism
Republicanism
Social democracy
Socialism
Syncretism
Third Way :
Types
Bloc party
Elite party
Cartel party
Competitive
Catch-all party
Entrepreneurial party
Ethnic party
Major party / Minor party
Mass party
Ruling party
Opposition party
Parliamentary opposition
Party of power
Official party status
Single-issue party
Transnational / International :
Leaders and organization
Backbencher
Caucus
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Frontbencher
Lead candidate
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Banned political parties :
Politics portal :
vte :
This is a List of political parties in Central Asia by country, linking to the country list of parties and the political system of each country in the region.

## List of countries

| Country | Multi party | Dominant party |
| Kazakhstan | | • |
| Kyrgyzstan | • | |
| Tajikistan | | • |
| Turkmenistan | | • |
| Uzbekistan | • | |
# Lord President Reid Professor of Law

The Lord President Reid Chair of Law is a named academic position at the Edinburgh Law School, established in 1972 with W. A. Wilson as the inaugural holder. The following persons have held the office:
* Professor W. A. Wilson (1972–94).
* Professor George Gretton (1994–2016).
* Professor Alexandra Braun (2017- ).
# Stadthalle (Villach)

Stadthalle Villach is an indoor sporting arena located in Villach, Austria. The arena has a capacity of 4,500 people and was built in 1969. It is currently home to the EC VSV ice hockey team of the Austrian Hockey League.
# Vanavälja, Viljandi County

Vanavälja is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County in Estonia.
# Willi Dehnkamp

Willy Dehnkamp (22 July 1903 – 12 November 1985) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who served as the 3rd President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen from 1965 to 1967.

## Biography

Willy Dehnkamp was born as the son of a workers family in Hamburg-Altona. He wanted to become a seaman but instead trained as a locksmith. At age 16 he became a member of the union of metal workers and shortly later he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
Dehnkamp was president of the socialistic youth of Hamburg and took over the leadership of the SPD in the district of Blumenthal. During the municipal elections in 1933 he defeated his NSDAP-candidate. Ten days after publishing the results he was arrested for seven months. After his release from prison Dehnkamp began establishing the underground movement of the SPD which was forbidden during that time. In March 1935 the Gestapo arrested him for 2 years and 9 months. After his release on X-mast 1936 he had to join the army, was wounded and imprisoned for 3.5 years by the Russian army.
In 1949 the Senate of Bremen made him chief officer of Bremen-Blumenthal, followed by the position of Senator of Education on 29 September 1951. Between 26 November 1963 and 19 July 1965 he was mayor and vice-president of the Senate. Succeeding Wilhelm Kaisen he became President of the Senate. After the SPD lost its majority in the Senate in 1967 he gave up this position. Hans Koschnick followed him in this position. Dehnkamp retreated from politics but stayed a member of the German advisory council of education.
Dehnkamp died on 12 November 1985, aged 82, and was buried on the cemetery in Lüssum.
# Sonia Cuales

Sonia Magdalena Cuales (October 3, 1941 – July 14, 2018) was a Curaçaoan feminist activist and writer. Her work in the United Nations system and with various advocacy groups focused on the intersection of women's rights and development across the Caribbean.

## Career

Sonia Cuales was born in Curaçao in 1941. She immigrated to the Netherlands, where she studied anthropology and development sociology at Leiden University, obtaining a PhD in non-Western sociology. Through her studies at Leiden, she conducted research on women laborers in Latin America and the Caribbean, and on the role of Jews in the historical development of Curaçao. She became involved in the Antillian Women’s Organizations in the Netherlands during her years living there.
Cuales returned to the Americas in the 1970s, and she became an active participant in the Caribbean's second-wave feminist movement. She helped found the Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action (CAFRA) in 1985. She was also a founding member of the Caribbean Network on Studies of Masculinities in 1997 and helped support the launching of the Annual Female Leadership Conferences in Curaçao in 2004. In part through Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN), she was also involved in advocacy on reproductive rights.
She worked in Colombia as a project officer for UNICEF's Regional Office in Latin America and the Caribbean, overseeing the organization's assistance to Guyana and Suriname. She was then assigned to the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, working in Trinidad as a social affairs officer focusing on women and development. She also worked on poverty eradication efforts. After 18 years in the United Nations system, Cuales retired in 2001.
In addition to her U.N. work, Cuales lectured on women's studies at the University of the Netherlands Antilles, now the University of Curaçao.

### Writing

Cuales authored various academic articles on women and feminism in the Caribbean. She had an early interest in socialism, and she wrote frequently on the intersection of class and gender.
She contributed to the 1984 anthology Sisterhood Is Global, writing on feminism in the Dutch-speaking Caribbean.

## Personal life and recognition

Sonia Cuales had one daughter, Gladys Cuales.
She died in Curaçao in 2018. In 2020, she was honored as that year's Outstanding Woman during the 17th Annual Female Leadership Conference in Curaçao.
# W. A. Murray

W. A. Murray was a college football coach. He was the fifth head football coach at Texas A&M University, serving from 1899 to 1901 and compiling a record of 7–8–1.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Texas A&M Aggies (Independent) (1899–1901) ||||||
| 1899 | Texas A&M | 4–2 |
| 1900 | Texas A&M | 2–2–1 |
| 1901 | Texas A&M | 1–4 |
| Texas A&M: | Texas A&M: | 7–8–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 7–8–1 |
# Symphony No. 23 (Michael Haydn)

Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 23 in D major, Perger 43, Sherman 22, Sherman-adjusted 23, MH 287, is believed to have been written in Salzburg around 1779. This symphony was incorrectly attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart by Ludwig von Köchel with the number K. 291, on the basis of a fragment of manuscript which Mozart copied, apparently to help him study the fugue form of the final movement.
Scored for 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns and strings, in three movements:
* Allegro assai
* Andantino, in D minor, changing to D major at measure 65
* Fugato. Presto mà non troppo
The slow movement begins in D minor, without winds at first.
The oboes and horns come in with the change to D major.
The third movement was at first mistaken by Köchel for a work of Mozart's. Mozart did in fact copy out the first 45 measures of it (Simon Sechter completed the score of the finale). Some time afterwards, he wrote his String Quartet in G major, K. 387, with a finale that is also a fugato and also begins with a theme consisting of four whole notes first stated by the second violin.
Having the first 45 measures in Mozart's hand, it was natural for Köchel to assume that Mozart was the author.
This symphony is one of the few by Michael Haydn to have a slow movement in a minor key (the others are No.s 6, 9 and 20) though in this one the D minor key signature changes to D major around the middle for the rest of the movement. Horns in D are used throughout, and in the fugal finale they even get to play the fugue subject a couple of times.

## Discography

This symphony is available on a VoxBox 2-disc set together with seven other symphonies, and on the CPO label on a CD with Symphonies No.s 1C, 22 and 33, conducted by Johannes Goritzki, who in the first movement adds an exposition repeat not indicated by the Sherman edition.
# Sami Vrioni

Sami Bey Vrioni (1876–1947) was an Albanian politician, diplomat, and a delegate at the Assembly of Vlora which declared the Albanian Declaration of Independence. He was a respected and powerful landowner in the Fier region of Albania.

## Biography

Sami Vrioni was a member of the prominent landowning Vrioni family of Berat, Fier and Myzeqe. His father was Omar Pasha Vrioni II (1839–1928). Sami Vrioni himself was owner of around 5,000 Hectares in the agricultural region of southern Myzeqe.
He was one of the delegates of the Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912, representing Berat region. According to some sources, Ismail Qemali wanted him as part of his cabinet, but his father Omer Pasha was skeptical regarding the Qemali's government. Having served as parliamentary Deputy for Berat in 1912, under Prince Wied he served as a seneschal (Court Chamberlain). He was part of the Albanian delegation in Vienna of April 1917 representing the districts of Skrapar and Berat.
Sami Vrioni had graduated as agronomist and engineer. Along with Albanian he spoke Turkish, Arabic, Italian, and French.
He was a participant of the Congress of Durrës and was elected Minister of Agriculture of the provisional government that came out of it, switching to Minister of Public Works in 1919–1920. According to Sejfi Vllamasi's (1883–1975) memories, Vrioni together with Mustafa Kruja, Fejzi Alizoti, and Myfid Libohova joined the camp of the pro-Italian opponents of the Congress of Lushnjë, with the three others actively trying to persuade or force the delegates not to join the Lushnjë event.
Served as Assemblyman (1924–1925, 1928–1932) and Senator (1925–1928) of the Albanian parliament. Regardless of the fact that he descended from a landowning feudal cast, Sami Vrioni had credibility between the Nolist opposition of early 20s. In February 1924, the opposition was hoping on bringing him up as Prime Minister, which was disregarded by the most powerful group of Ahmet Zogu, who elected Shefqet Vërlaci instead of him. Vrioni was arrested by the communist dictatorship that took power in 1944, he died under torture in 1947 or 1952.
Sami Vrioni was married to the daughter of Essad Pasha Toptani.

## Political Activity

* Delegate of the Albanian Declaration of Independence event in 1912
* Court Chamberlain of Prince of Albania, 1914
* Minister of Agriculture of Albania: December 1918 – 1919
* Minister of Public Works of Albania: 1919 – January 1920
* Assemblyman (1924–1925, 1928–1932)
* Member of Albanian Senate (1925–1928)
# Tourzel-Ronzières

Tourzel-Ronzières (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Edward Pigot

Edward Francis Pigot (18 September 1858 – 22 May 1929) was an Irish-born Australian Jesuit priest, seismologist and astronomer. He was president of the New South Wales branch of the British Astronomical Association in 1923–24 and a council member of the Royal Society of New South Wales from 1921 to 1929.
Pigot was born in Dundrum, Ireland, the son of David Richard Pigot junior (master of the Court of Exchequer) and Christina (née Murray), daughter of Sir James Murray, a well-known doctor and his first wife Mary Sharrock. His paternal grandparents were David Richard Pigot, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer and Catherine Page. Edward was initially educated by tutors at home and a governess. Pigot entered Trinity College, Dublin and graduated B.A. in 1879 and Bachelor of Surgery in 1882.
Pigot taught at University College, Dublin but emigrated to Australia in 1888 due to poor health. He then taught at St Francis Xavier's College, Melbourne, then at Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview, Sydney, as science master from August 1889. From 1892, he studied with French Jesuits on Jersey and then theology at Milltown Park in Dublin and was ordained a priest on 31 July 1898. He volunteered for the China Mission in 1899, and was located at the Zi-Ka-Wei Observatory (Xujiahui) until 1903 when he spent a year back in Australia. He spent three more years at Zi-Ka-Wei before coming to Sydney still in poor health.
Pigot had visited the Jesuit observatory in Manila and had plans to construct a world-class observatory at Riverview where he began meteorological observations 1 January 1908. A seismological station was also set up, Pigot ordering a set of Wiechert seismometers. Riverview College Observatory opened as a seismological station in March 1909 and seismological observations continue to be made there.
Between 1910 and 1922, Pigot travelled to Bruny Island Tasmania, Tonga and Goondiwindi, Queensland to observe total solar eclipses; he also visited several observatories in Europe and North America. He made measurements of tides, deflection of the Earth's crust and undertook experiments with a foucault pendulum. He observed a major earthquake on 1 September 1923 with a visiting Japanese seismologist, Fusakichi Omori. This quake, destroyed Tokyo.
From 1925 to 1929, Pigot took solar radiation measurements at Riverview and Orange for use in long-range weather forecasting. He contacted pneumonia while searching for a high-elevation site at Mount Canobolas. He died at North Sydney and was buried in Gore Hill cemetery.
Edgeworth David said of him:
   It was not only for his profound learning that scientists revered him. They could not fail to be attracted by his magnetic personality, for though frail and often in weak health, he ever preserved the same charming and cheerful manner, and was full of eagerness and enthusiasm in discussing plans for the better pursuit of scientific truth. Surely there never was any scientific man so well-beloved as he.
# Validated learning

Validated learning is used in scrum. The term was proposed by Eric Ries in 2011. It is a unit of progress process and describes conclusions generated by trying out an initial idea and then measuring it against potential customers to validate the effect. Each test of an idea is a single iteration in a larger process of many iterations whereby something is learnt and then applied to succeeding tests. The term coined in the lean startup scene, but it can be applied universally.
Validated learning is especially popular on the web, where analytics software can track visitor behavior and give accurate statistics and insight on how website features work in reality. Validated learning can, however, be applied to anything; one just needs to be innovative on what to use as metrics.
Typical steps in validated learning:
* Specify a goal
* Specify a metric that represents the goal
* Act to achieve the goal
* Analyze the metric – did you get closer to the goal?
* Improve and try again
Phrased in a different way
* Validate important assumptions fast "Agile Principles: Chapter 3". Addison-Wesley. 2019-06-10.
* Leverage multiple concurrent learning loops "Post-agile approaches - agile for the real world". Yuval Yeret. 2019-06-10.
* Organize workflow for fast feedback "How to Use Fast Feedback Loops". Axosoft, LLC. 2019-06-10.
To specify a goal, SMART target finding could apply.
# William Chadeayne

William Chadeayne was an American early long-distance motorcyclist from Buffalo, New York. He set a transcontinental record for North America in 1905, going from New York City to San Francisco in 47+1⁄2 days. He was an officer of the Thomas Auto-Bi company and rode one of their motorcycles on the transcontinental record-setting trip.

## Transcontinental trip

Chadeayne's transcontinental journey took place between September 13 and October 30, 1905. He described the roads even east of the Mississippi as "unspeakably vile ... seas of mud or oceans of sand", taking exactly two weeks to arrive in Chicago. Chadeayne's time of 47.5 days beat the previous record of 51 days set by George A. Wyman two years earlier. As for Wayman Chadeayne found there were insufficient roads in America at the time so he rode on railroad tracks for six or seven hundred miles of the journey. In the portion from Ogden, Utah to San Francisco he was nearly killed by a train.
The motorcycle he rode was a 3 horsepower (2.2 kW), single-cylinder 1906 model year Auto-Bi which cost $145 new.
The trip was recognized as the second transcontinental motorcycle trip in North America, and one of the first ten by any form of motor vehicle.