OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# East India Company v Sandys

East India Company v Sandys (1684) 10 St Tr 371 is a UK company law and competition law case, concerning monopolies and the East India Company.

## Facts

Thomas Sandys was an English merchant. Sandys traded in India, returning with a shipload of cloth which arrived in the English Channel in January 1682. When the ship sailed up the River Thames, officials of the East India Company, which held a monopoly on trading in the East Indies, seized the ship and attempted to levy a fine.
The case was heard in 1683.

## Judgment

Lord Chief Justice Lord Jeffreys held that the East India Company was entitled to levy the fine, citing the Statute of Monopolies of 1624. He held that Sandys and the other interloping merchants had never been possession of the East India trade, and they had suffered no loss of freedom or restraint of liberty. He upheld the East India Company charter, and the royal prerogative over foreign trade.
# Risk factor (computing)

In information security, risk factor is a collective name for circumstances affecting the likelihood or impact of a security risk.

## Definitions
### FAIR

Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) is devoted to the analysis of different factors influencing IT risk. It decompose at various levels, starting from the first level Loss Event Frequency and Probable Loss Magnitude, going on examining the asset, the threat agent capability compared to the vulnerability (computing) and the security control (also called countermeasure) strength, the probability that the agent get in contact and actually act against the asset, the organization capability to react to the event and the impact on stakeholders.

### ISACA

Risk factors are those factors that influence the frequency and/or business impact of risk scenarios; they can be of different natures, and can be classified in two major categories:
* Environmental, further subdivided in:
** Internal environmental factors are, to a large extent, under the control of the enterprise, although they may not always be easy to change.
** External environmental factors are, to a large extent, outside the control of the enterprise.
* Capability of the organization, further subdivided in:
** IT risk management capabilities—To what extent is the enterprise mature in performing the risk management processes defined in the Risk IT framework
** IT capabilities—How good is the enterprise at performing the IT processes defined in COBIT
** IT-related business capabilities (or value management)—How closely do the enterprise's value management activities align with those expressed in the Val IT processes

## Risk scenario

An IT risk risk scenario is a description of an IT related event that can lead to a business impact, when and if it should occur.
Risk factors can also be interpreted as causal factors of the scenario that is materialising, or as vulnerabilities or weaknesses. These are terms often used in risk management frameworks.
Risk scenario is characterized by:
* A threat actor that can be:
** Internal to the organization (employee, contractor)
** External to the organization (competitor, business partner, regulator, act of god)
* A threat type:
** Malicious,
** Accidental
** Failure
** Natural
* Event
** Disclosure
** Modification
** Theft
** Destruction
** Bad design
** Ineffective execution
** Inappropriate use
* Asset or resource
** People and organization
** Process
** Infrastructure or facilities
** IT infrastructure
** Information
** Application
* Time
** Duration
** Timing of occurrence (critical or not)
** Timing to detect
** Timing to react
The risk scenario structure differentiates between loss events (events generating the negative impact), vulnerabilities or vulnerability events (events contributing to the magnitude or frequency of loss events occurring), and threat events (circumstances or events that can trigger loss events). It is important not to confuse these risks or throw them into one large risk list.
# Eritrea at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics

Eritrea participated at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 October to 18 October 2018.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Bronze | Abel Yamane | Athletics | Boys 2000 m steeplechase | 15 October |

## Competitors

| Sport | Boys | Girls | Total |
| Athletics | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Cycling | 2 | 2 | 4 |

## Athletics
### Boys

| Athlete | Event | Stage 1 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Meron Goitom | Boys' 1500 m | 3:54.39 | 3 | 12:49 | 42 | 16:43.93 | 8 |
| Haben Ghebremariam | Boys' 3000 m | 8:22.45 | 6 | 11:54 | 13 | 20:16.45 | 5 |
| Abel Yamane | Boys' 2000 m steeplechase | 5:47.71 | 5 | 11:56 | 15 | 17:43.71 | |

### Girls

| Athlete | Event | Stage 1 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Sebah Amar | Girls' 800 m | 2:19.18 | 6 | 2:16.76 | 2 | 4:35.94 | 18 |
| Kisanet Mariskos Hidru | Girls' 3000 m | 9:26.57 | 9 | 13:17 | 10 | 22:43.57 | 5 |

## Cycling

Eritrea was given a boys' and girls' combined team to competed by the tripartite committee.
* Boys' combined team - 1 team of 2 athletes
* Girls' combined team - 1 team of 2 athletes

### Combined team

| Athlete | Event | Time trial | Time trial | Time trial | Road race | Road race | Road race | Cross-country Eliminator | Cross-country Eliminator | Cross-country Short circuit | Cross-country Short circuit | Criterium | Criterium | Total points | Rank |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Points | Time | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Total points | Rank |
| Biniam Girmay | Boys' combined team | 9:05.31 | 14 | 3 | 1:31:03 | 14 | 3 | 35 | 0 | DNS | 0 | 30 | 0 | 6 | 18 |
| Hager Mesfin | Boys' combined team | 9:05.31 | 14 | 3 | 1:31:03 | 20 | 0 | 39 | 0 | DNS | 0 | 25 | 0 | 6 | 18 |
| Desiet Kidane | Girls' combined team | 10:21.38 | 14 | 3 | 1:42.19 | 11 | 8 | 35 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 9 | 15 | 26 | 15 |
| Danait Tsegay | Girls' combined team | 10:21.38 | 14 | 3 | 1:42:19 | 22 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 26 | 15 |
# Gemma Lagioia

Gemma Lagioia (born 3 May 2001) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for Western Bulldogs in the AFL Women's (AFLW). It was revealed that Lagioia had signed a contract extension with the club on 16 June 2021, after playing 4 games for the club that season.
Lagioia is currently studying a Bachelor of Exercise and Sport Science at Deakin University.

## Statistics

    Statistics are correct to the end of the 2021 season.
| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Votes |
| Season | Team | No. | Games | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | Votes |
| 2020 | Western Bulldogs | 12 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 20 | 52 | 9 | 5 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 8.7 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0 |
| 2021 | Western Bulldogs | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 9 | 27 | 8 | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 6.8 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Career | Career | Career | 10 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 29 | 79 | 17 | 7 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 7.9 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
# Soviet-occupied Estonia

Soviet-occupied Estonia may refer to:
* Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
* Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940), including Estonia
* Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944), including Estonia
# Sinicaepermenia sauropophaga

Sinicaepermenia sauropophaga is a moth in the family Epermeniidae. It was described by Reinhard Gaedike, Hiroshi Kuroko and Katsuyuki Funahashi in 2008. It is found in Thailand.
The length of the forewings is 4-4.5 mm for males and 4.8–5 mm for females.
# Xanthorhoe abrasaria

Xanthorhoe abrasaria is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1856. It is found in the northern part of the Palearctic realm and the Nearctic realm.
The wingspan is 21–24 mm. Adults are on wing in July. There is one generation per year.
The larvae have been recorded feeding on Galium species.

## Subspecies

* Xanthorhoe abrasaria abrasaria (Europe)
* Xanthorhoe abrasaria congregata (Walker, 1862) (North America)
* Xanthorhoe abrasaria trilineata (Warren, 1904) (North America)
* Xanthorhoe abrasaria aquilonaria Cassino & Swett, 1922 (North America)
# Crooks Can't Win

Crooks Can't Win is a 1928 American silent crime drama film directed by George M. Arthur and starring Ralph Lewis, Thelma Hill and Joe E. Brown.

## Synopsis

A police officer is kicked off the force when his superior wrongly believes that he is complicit in a robbery committed by a gang his brother is involved with. With the assistance of a crime reporter, he sets out to round up the gang of thieves and clear his name.

## Cast

* Ralph Lewis as Dad Gillen
* Thelma Hill as Mary Gillen
* Sam Nelson as Danny Malone
* Joe E. Brown as Jimmy Wells
* Eugene Strong as Alfred Dayton Jr
* Charlie Hall as 'Bull' Savage
# Secretoneurin

Secretoneurin, is a 33-amino acid neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II (chromogranin C, CHGC).
It is cleaved into the following 3 chains:
* PE-11
* GAWK peptide
* CCB peptide

## Function

Secretoneurin is involved in chemotaxis of monocytes and eosinophils (comparable in potency to interleukin 8) and endothelial cells and in regulation of endothelial cell proliferation. Highest secretoneurin levels are found in anterior pituitary, followed by adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary hypothalamus (2- to 6-fold lower levels in other brain regions investigated). Secretoneurin has been shown to have potent angiogenic activity in vivo in mouse cornea model and in vitro in a 3-dimensional gel. Secretoneurin also stimulates dopamine release from the central striatal neurons and basal ganglia.

## Signaling

PI3 kinase, phosphodiesterase and phospholipase D inhibition inhibits its pro-migration effects, but blocking PKC and tyrosine kinases has not been shown to have effect. Downstream to these ERK type MAP kinase and AKT are activated.
# Tylochromis jentinki

Tylochromis jentinki is a species of fish belonging to the Cichlidae family. The species is found in the costal rivers of Gambia to the Tano River in Ghana. The fish maximum length is 27 cm (11 in) long (SL).
# Spot the difference

Spot the difference is a type of puzzle where players must find a set number of differences between two otherwise similar images.

## Description

Spot the difference games are found in various media including activity books for children, newspapers, and video games. They are a type of puzzle where players must find a set number of differences between two otherwise similar images, whether they are illustrations or photographs that have been altered with photo manipulation.

## Solving techniques

Visual comparison may be used to solve the puzzle. The solution to the puzzle is often listed nearby or in an accompanying answer page of a puzzle book. Additionally, one can cross one's eyes and merge the two pictures into one, in the much the same way as when viewing an autostereogram picture. The differences will appear to blink in and out of one's vision. This is a very effective method of solving these puzzles.

### Overlay

A way to solve a spot the difference puzzle digitally is to create a inverse version of one of the images to compare and to overlay it 50% on the other one.
# Christina of Sweden (disambiguation)

Christina, Queen of Sweden was Queen regnant 1632.
Christina of Sweden may also refer to:

## Other queens

* Christina Björnsdotter, Queen consort of Sweden around 1156
* Christina Hvide, Queen consort of Sweden 1164
* Christina Abrahamsdotter, Queen consort of Sweden 1470
* Christina of Saxony, Queen consort of Sweden 1497
* Christina of Holstein-Gottorp, Queen consort of Sweden 1604

## Princesses

* Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden, Swedish princess, died 1122
* Christina, Swedish princess about 1166, daughter of King Charles VII of Sweden
* Christina, Swedish princess (alleged), died 1252, daughter of King Sverker II of Sweden
* Christina, Swedish princess de facto around 1242 as the daughter of Birger Jarl
* Christina, Swedish princess (consort) 1302, married to Prince Valdemar, Duke of Finland
* Christina, Swedish princess de facto 1448 as the daughter of King Charles VIII of Sweden
* Christina of Denmark, Swedish princess 1520
* Christina, Princess of Sweden 1598, daughter of King Charles IX of Sweden (died in infancy)
* Christina Augusta, Princess of Sweden 1623, daughter of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (died in infancy)
* Christina Magdalen, Princess of Sweden 1654 as the sister of King Charles X Gustav
* Princess Christina, Mrs. Magnuson, née Princess of Sweden 1943
# Erik Prosperin

Erik Prosperin (25 July 1739 – 4 April 1803) was a Swedish astronomer.
Prosperin was a lecturer in mathematics and physics at Uppsala University in 1767, professor of observational astronomy (Observator) in 1773 – 1796, and professor of Astronomy in 1797 – 1798. He became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (KVA) in Stockholm in 1771, a member of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala in 1774 (secretary from 1786 onwards), and a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1803.
Prosperin was a famous calculator of orbits: comets, planets, and their satellites. He calculated the orbits of the new (discovered in 1781) planet Uranus — for which he proposed the names Astraea, Cybele, and Neptune — and its satellites. He was also one of the first to calculate the orbit of the first asteroid, 1 Ceres, in 1801.
Prosperin calculated orbits for a total of 84 comets, especially Comet Messier (C/1769 P1), Comet Lexell (D/1770 L1), the Great Comet of 1771 (C/1771 A1, 1770 II), Comet Montaigne (C/1774 P1), Comet Bode (C/1779 A1), and Comet Encke (2P/1795 V1).
The asteroid 7292 Prosperin was named in his honor.
# Sparta: War of Empires

Sparta: War of Empires is a MMO strategy video game developed and published by Plarium. The game was released for web browser in 2014. The game is available for free, with paid upgrades available.

## Premise and gameplay

The game is set in 5th Century BCE Greece, during a war between Xerxes and the Persian Empire. Xerxes and his Persian Empire have set out to conquer Greece, leaving the lands of Hellas in a state of devastation.
In order to succeed in the game, players must take control of ancient warriors, master the weaponry of the era, and grow their resources gained through fighting other players.
Each player becomes Archon of his or her city, and must build their city from scratch. Players need to protect their city-state with the help of King Leonidas and the Spartan army using a combination of diplomacy, strategy and war.

## Music

The game features a fully scored soundtrack and sound composed and produced by BAFTA-winning composer Jesper Kyd. The track “Hellas” from the game is included on his 2015 album, Five Worlds of Plarium.

## Critical reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Gameranks | 7.6/10 |
| Browsergames.de | |
Sparta: War of Empires has received generally positive reviews, with Gamespresso editor-in-chief Alana Fearnall writing that "if the developers can support a large community base over time, Sparta: War of Empires is worth playing". Giovanni Damiano of Gamerbrain praises the game as "engaging, fun and exciting" but the game has been criticized for being costly for in game purchases.
# Visto

Visto may refer to:
* Kia Visto, a Hyundai city car
* Visto (rapper), American rapper and singer-songwriter
* Sir Visto, British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire
# Xanthorhoe anaspila

Xanthorhoe anaspila is a species of moth of the family Geometridae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1891.
# Salicornia fruticosa

Salicornia fruticosa, synonym Sarcocornia fruticosa, is a species of glasswort in the family Amaranthaceae (pigweeds). It is native to southern Europe, north Africa, Western Asia and Yemen. It is a halophyte, a plant that can grow in saline conditions.
It is the main saltwort species used in making special pot ash made during Mesopotamian times to the early Islamic era – قَلَيّ qali – which is the basis for the word "alkali".
# Dayadara

Dayadara is a village in Bharuch District, Gujarat, India. It has an area of about 2.53 km$^2$ (0.98 sq mi) and a population in excess of 5000.
Two villages Dayadara and Bakroli amalgamated into one village called Dayadara.

## Schools

* The Dayadara Higher Secondary School
* Dayadara Kumar (Boys) Shala
* Dayadara Kanya (Girls) Shala
# Tyler Dennett

Tyler Dennett (June 13, 1883 Spencer, Wisconsin – December 29, 1949 in Geneva, New York) was an American historian and educator. He received the 1934 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for his 1933 book John Hay: From Poetry to Politics.

## Early career and education

Born in Wisconsin, but raised in Rhode Island, Dennett graduated high school as valedictorian from the Moses Brown School in Providence. In 1900, Dennett enrolled at Bates College and then transferred to Williams College as a sophomore. At Williams, he was a member of the football team. After his graduation in the spring of 1904 and a year of work in Williamstown, Massachusetts he attended the Union Theological Seminary, where he was awarded a Bachelor of Divinity in 1908. He served briefly as a Congregational minister before leaving to pursue a career in journalism.

## Career

Among his early scholarly writings were The Democratic Movement in Asia (1918) and A Better World (1920). In 1922, he published Americans in Eastern Asia, a study of American policy in the Far East, which was well received and was long held as an important work in the field. Dennett published "President Roosevelt's Secret Pact with Japan" in 1924, the subject of which came to be known as the Taft–Katsura Agreement. The paper put forth the thesis that formerly-isolationist Japan and the US began to carve up their spheres of influence, which would later become world empires, with the agreement, which was therefore of first-class importance historically. Later historians questioned that interpretation. Dennett was awarded a Ph.D. in history from Johns Hopkins University in 1925 based on this research on Theodore Roosevelt and the Russo-Japanese War.
He taught American history at Johns Hopkins University (1923–24) and at Columbia University (1927–28), and international relations at Princeton University (1931–34). Most significantly, Dennett served as president of Williams College (1934–37), resigning after a disagreement with the college's board of trustees. The trustees planned to purchase the Greylock Hotel, which later became a dorm, but at the time Dennett felt the hotel had no useful purpose for the college. Dennett was also one of the future college presidents to speak out against Nazi Germany during this period, ending academic exchange programs with Nazi Germany in 1936.
He received the 1934 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for his book, John Hay: From Poetry to Politics (1933).

## Death

He died in Geneva, New York in 1949.
# Spirituality 1983–2008: The Consummate Compendium

Spirituality 1983–2008: The Consummate Compendium is a greatest hits album by Spirit of the West, released by Rhino Records on July 15, 2008.
The album was compiled as a 25th anniversary retrospective of the band's career, and features 32 tracks over two discs. The tracks include two new songs, "Another Happy New Year" and "Winter's Now the Enemy", as well as an unreleased demo version of the band's song "Kiss & Tell". The album also includes the band's rendition of Donovan's "Sunshine Superman", which was released on the 1992 Donovan tribute album Island of Circles but has never previously appeared on any of the band's own albums.
The CD is packaged in a book-style digipak which includes rare photos, set lists, handwritten lyrics and other items from the group's archives.
Concurrently with the album's release, Rhino also reissued two of the band's most successful albums, Faithlift and Open Heart Symphony.

## Track listing
### Disc one

* "Doin' Quite Alright"
* "Homelands"
* "The Crawl"
* "Political"
* "Take It from the Source"
* "Puttin' Up with the Joneses"
* "The Old Sod"
* "Not Just a Train"
* "Save This House"
* "Home for a Rest"
* "Goodbye Grace"
* "Pulling Lame"
* "D for Democracy (Scour the House)"
* "Big Head"
* "Far Too Canadian"
* "Kiss & Tell" (demo)

### Disc two

* "And if Venice Is Sinking"
* "Sadness Grows"
* "Bone of Contention"
* "Death on the Beach"
* "Is This Where I Come In?"
* "Unplugged"
* "Wishing Line"
* "Our Ambassador"
* "Rites of Man"
* "Heavenly Angel"
* "Canadian Skye"
* "Waiting for Martin"
* "July"
* "Sunshine Superman"
* "Winter's Now the Enemy"
* "Another Happy New Year"
# Erie Lackawanna Trail

Erie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail located in Lake County, Indiana, which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of 17.7 miles (28.5 km).

## History

The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in 1986 by Conrail. After it was abandoned, plans were made by Hammond's Parks and Recreation Department to develop the former right-of-way into a trail system. The first portions of the Erie Lackawanna Trail were created in the mid-1990s, having been continually extended since then.
The trail currently connects to the Monon Trail in downtown Hammond, and the Oak Savannah Trail in Griffith. The Erie Lackawanna is in the vicinity of Pennsy Greenway in Schererville. Today, the trail is a shared use path, complete with trailheads, park amenities, and local attractions near it. It is currently the longest contiguous trail in Northwest Indiana.

## Visitor attractions along the trail

* Hammond Civic Center
* Indiana Visitors' Center
* Wicker Memorial Park
* Griffith Historical Park & Railroad Museum
* Ivan Gatlin Nature Preserve
# Siimusti-Kurista Landscape Conservation Area

Siimusti-Kurista Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park which is located in Jõgeva County, Estonia.
The area of the nature park is 63 ha.
The protected area was founded in 1968 to protect the forest around Siimusti singing ground and Kurista Forthill (:et). In 2014, the protected area was designated to the landscape conservation area.