OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Denis Dodart

Denis Dodart was a French physician, naturalist, and botanist. He was born in 1634 in Paris and died on November 5, 1707, in the same city.

## Biography
### Childhood and humanist education

Denis Dodart was born in 1634 in a Parisian middle class family that belonged to the bourgeoisie. He was a son of Jean Dodart, notary public with a passion for literature, and Marie Dubois, daughter of a lawyer at the Parlement of Paris. He was interested in art and science since young age. He was taught Latin, Greek, music, and drawing. Fontenelle mentioned in his Éloge of Monsieur Dodart the library of the Dodart family.
He studied at the University of Paris and gained his Doctorate of Medicine on 13 October 1660. Denis Dodart was noticed for his erudition, his good eloquency, being open minded. He is described by Guy Patin, dean of the University in a private letter : "Ce jourd'hui [sic] 5 Juillet (1660) nous avons fait la Licence de nos vieux Bacheliers, ils sont 7 en nombre, dont celui qui est le plus fécond, nommé Dodart, âgé de 25 ans, est un des plus sage & des plus fçavans [sic] hommes homme de ce Siècle Ce jeune homme est un prodige de sagesse 6 de science monstrum sin vitio, comme disait Adr. Turnebus de Josepho Scaligero." He adds in another letter "Notre Licentié [sic] qui est si fçavant, s'appelle Dodart. il est le fils d'un Bourgeois de Paris, fort honnête homme. C'est un grand garçon, fort sage, fort modeste, qui sait Hipocrate, Galien, Aristote, Ciceron, Sénèque, & Fernel par coeur. C'est un garçon incomparable, qui n'a pas 26 ans, car la Faculté lui fit grace au premier Examen de quelaues mois qui lui manquait pour son âge, sur la bonne opinion qu'on avait de lui dés auparavant." In 1666 he gained the Doctor of Pharmacy title.

### Physician of Conti family and Port-Royal

He was elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 1673. In botany he is notable for his early studies of plant respiration and growth. He collaborated with the French engraver Nicolas Robert in several illustrated works including Estampes de Plantes and Mémoires pour servir á l'Histoire des Plantes.
His father Jean Dodart was a Parisian notary and his mother Marie Dubois was the daughter of a lawyer. Suspicion that his parents, like many from the legal professions, had been supporters of the Fronde uprising nearly derailed his election to the Academy of Sciences.
Though most of his writings are about botany and medicine, he was also interested in music. He intended to write a history of music but did not complete it. His main extant contribution was the essay about the physical characteristics and qualities of the human voice Mémoire sur les causes de la voix de l'homme, et de ses différens tons, published in the Mémoires de l'Académie royale des sciences (1700; pp. 244–93) and published separately in 1703. He also added suppléments in the Mémoires for 1706 (pp. 136–48, 388–410) and 1707 (pp. 66–81).

## Eponymy

The nettle species Urtica dodartii was named after him by Linnaeus but this is now considered a variety of Urtica pilulifera, the Roman nettle (U. pilulifera L. var. dodartii (L.) Aschers.).
# Sevona (shipwreck)

47°00.410′N 90°54.520′W﻿ / ﻿47.006833°N 90.908667°W﻿ / 47.006833; -90.908667
Sevona was a steel-hulled lake freighter that sank in Lake Superior off the coast of Sand Island in Bayfield County, Wisconsin, United States. The wreckage site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## History

Sevona, originally named Emily P. Weed, was launched in 1890. She was renamed Sevona in 1897.
On September 1, 1905, Sevona left Allouez, Wisconsin, bound for Erie, Pennsylvania, with a cargo of iron ore and a crew of twenty men and four women. Later that night, an unexpected storm hit the area. By midnight, the wind had reached gale-force strength. At around 6:00 a.m. on September 2, Sevona ran aground on a shoal and broke in half. No other vessel was in the area to aid Sevona, so crew members on the stern section of the ship boarded the lifeboats. Crew members on the bow section, separated from the lifeboats, were forced to construct a raft out of hatch covers and doors. All crew members on the makeshift raft later lost their lives in the storm. Three other vessels, including the schooner-barge Pretoria, were lost in the storm.
In 1909, the United States Army Corps of Engineers, who were concerned about navigation hazards posed by the wreck of Sevona, blew it up with dynamite. Several parts of the ship were recovered and brought to shore following the explosion, but what was left became a popular site for scuba diving. The wreck site is managed jointly by the Wisconsin Historical Society, the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
Sam Fifield, a former Lieutenant governor of Wisconsin, had a summer resort on Sand Island, and salvaged some of the wreckage of Sevona. With this material, he built a house on Sand Island, and named it the Sevona Memorial Cottage. The house still stands today, and has undergone some preservation work over the years.
# List of New York State Historic Markers in Broome County, New York

This is a complete list of New York State Historic Markers in Broome County, New York.

## Listings county-wide

| | Marker name | Location | City or Town | Marker text |
| 1 | Indian Castle | Located Near Junction Of Castle Creek With Chenango River. | Chenango, New York | Called Otsiningo. Destroyed Aug. 18, 1779 during Sullivan Campaign. |
| 2 | First Court | Located on US 11 and NYS 12 about 1/2 miles north of Binghamton | Dickinson, New York | First court in this section was held here in 1791 under Elm tree. |
| 3 | Sage Creek | Located on NYS 79 about 2 miles north of Windsor | Dickinson, New York | Sage Creek Named For Seth Sage, 1748-1822, Captain In The American Revolution |
# Southern giant salamander

The southern giant salamander (Isthmura maxima) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the Sierra Madre del Sur of western and southern Oaxaca and eastern Guerrero. It is the largest tropical salamander; the holotype had a total length of about 24 cm (9.4 in) and weighed 58 grams (2.0 oz).

## Description

Adult males measure 90–125 mm (3.5–4.9 in) and females 89–128 mm (3.5–5.0 in) in snout–vent length (SVL). The tail is moderately long, on average 99% of SVL in males and 85% SVL in females. The coloration is variable, but in general it is uniformly black, with markings consisting of parallel rows of vivid red-orange to pale orange spots on the head, body, and proximal part of the tail. The body is robust, and the head is large and relatively broad but with short snout. The limbs are long and robust. The fingers and toes are well developed but relatively short and without appreciable webbing.

## Habitat and conservation

This little-known salamander has been found in a banana field and a roadside bank at elevations of 750–2,000 m (2,460–6,560 ft) above sea level. It appears to live in permanent burrows. Although it seems to tolerate some habitat modification, urbanization and changed agricultural practices are potential threats. It is not known from any protected areas.
# Salarpur Khadar

Salarpur Khadar is a census town in Gautam Buddha Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Salarpur Khadar had a population of 10,772. Males constitute 58% of the population and females 42%. Salarpur Khadar has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 53%. In Salarpur Khadar, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Château de La Palice

The Château de La Palice is a castle, developed into a château, in the commune of Lapalisse in the Allier department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

## History

Built between the 11th and 13th centuries, the feudal part of the castle was acquired by Jacques de Chabannes in 1430 or 1431. His grandson, Jacques II, maréchal of France, built the Renaissance wing at the beginning of the 16th century out of rose-coloured bricks, endowing the castle with sobriety and elegance. This wing replaced the wall connecting the fortress to the Gothic-style chapel, itself built c. 1470.
The ceilings have raised colourful box beams inlaid with gold.
Today, the fully furnished living rooms contain many historical artefacts as a museum of the castle's history.
The Château de La Palice is listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
# Winter climbing salamander

The winter climbing salamander (Bolitoglossa hiemalis) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.
# Washington, Vilas County, Wisconsin

Washington is a town in Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,577 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 47.5 square miles (123.2 km$^2$), of which, 41.4 square miles (107.2 km$^2$) of it is land and 6.2 square miles (15.9 km$^2$) of it (12.93%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,577 people, 683 households, and 491 families residing in the town. The population density was 38.1 people per square mile (14.7/km$^2$). There were 1,706 housing units at an average density of 41.2 per square mile (15.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 98.67% White, 0.19% African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.06% Asian, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.32% of the population.
There were 683 households, out of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.71.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 31.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $34,961, and the median income for a family was $39,211. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $22,574 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,544. About 3.2% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
# Sinop

Sinop can refer to:
* Sinop, Turkey, a city on the Black Sea
** Sinop Nuclear Power Plant, was planned in 2013, but cancelled in 2018
** Battle of Sinop, 1853 naval battle in the Sinop port
*** Russian ship Sinop, Russian ships named after the battle
* Sinop Province, the province in Turkey of which the above city is the capital
** Sinop (electoral district), the province's electoral district
* Sinop, Mato Grosso, a city in Mato Grosso state, Brazil
* Sinop (grasshopper), a genus of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae
* Sinop (crater), a small crater on Mars
# Shark (moth)

The shark (Cucullia umbratica) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

## Distribution

This species is widespread throughout much of the Palearctic realm (Europe, Russia, Afghanistan, Turkestan, and Mongolia), but has recently also been reported from North America, from the Magdalen Islands in Canada.

## Habitat

These moths inhabit a range of open environments such as heaths, meadows, forest edges, gardens, parks and suburban areas.

## Technical description

Cucullia umbratica is a fairly large species, with a wingspan of 52–59 millimetres (2.0–2.3 in). These moths have long, narrow wings giving a streamlined appearance. The forewings are dull brownish grey, the cell and space beyond are paler, with dull greyish buff. A fine black line runs from the base below cell. The usual lines and stigmata are ill defined. Orbicular is represented by two or three dark points, reniform by a curved black line at lower end. Slight black dashes are present before termen, above vein 3 and below vein 2, and a longer black streak appears above middle of vein 4. The hindwings of male are white, with the veins and termen narrowly fuscous, while in the female thy are wholly brown, with paler base. The larva is grey or brown with black spots.
This species is quite similar to the chamomile shark (Cucullia chamomillae), but it shows two bands, one pale and one grey, on the fringe of the hindwing, whereas in the last there are three bands.

## Biology

Adults fly in the dusk and in the evening from mid-May to mid-August and feed on nectar of a variety of flowers. They are attracted to light. Larvae feed mainly on sow thistles and lettuces and others. The main recorded food plants are lady's bedstraw (Galium), hawkweed (Hieracium), catsear (Hypochaeris), lettuce (Lactuca), hawkbit (Leontodon), campion (Silene), sow thistle (Sonchus) and dandelion (Taraxacum). There is one generation per year (univoltine species). This species overwinters as a pupa.
* ^ The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

## Gallery

* Caterpillar
* Imago
* Head detail
* Mounted specimen - male (top) and female
# Shari Gallop

Shari L. Gallop is a marine environmental scientist and an academic at the University of Waikato, New Zealand.

## Biography

Gallop grew up in the Bay of Plenty region; she was born in Whakatāne and raised in Kawerau and Manawahe. She is New Zealand Māori, of Ngāti Maru (on her father's side) and Te Rarawa (on her mother's side) iwi.
She attended Edgecumbe College and the University of Waikato, where she completed a bachelor's and a master's degree in science. Her thesis was on rip currents at Tairua and Muriwai beaches. She completed a PhD at the University of Western Australia in Perth, Australia, studying rocky reefs and their impact on coastal erosion and stability. After graduation, she lectured and carried out research at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom and Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia.
In 2020, Gallop was awarded the L’Oréal/UNESCO For Women in Science Award for her research into restoring estuaries.
# Spell Compendium

Spell Compendium is an optional, 288-page supplemental source book for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game.

## Contents

Spell Compendium is a compilation of previously published spells for third edition Dungeons & Dragons.
It compiles spells from a variety of other Dungeons & Dragons books and updates them to use the v3.5 version of the rules. Spell lists are included for all spellcasting classes in the Player's Handbook and Dungeon Master's Guide, along with a selection of cleric domains.

### Sources

Sources used for the Spell Compendium include Draconomicon, Manual of the Planes, and Savage Species, along with numerous issues of Dragon and articles originally found on the Wizards of the Coast website.

## Publication history

The Spell Compendium was compiled by Matthew Sernett, Jeff Grubb, and Mike McArtor, and was published in December 2005. Cover art was by Victor Moray and Nyssa Baugher, with interior art by Steven Belledin, Mitch Cotie, Chris Dien, Wayne England, Jason Engle, Carl Frank, Brian Hagan, Fred Hooper, Ralph Horsley, Jeremy Jarvis, David Martin, Jim Nelson, William O'Connor, Lucio Parrillo, Michael Phillippi, Eric Polak, Wayne Reynolds, Ron Spears, Joel Thomas, and Franz Vohwinkel.
The Spell Compendium was reproduced as a premium reprint featuring new cover art and including game rules errata, released on April 16, 2013.
# Salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.150) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    acetyl-CoA + salutaridinol $\rightleftharpoons$ CoA + 7-O-acetylsalutaridinol
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and salutaridinol, whereas its two products are CoA and 7-O-acetylsalutaridinol.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase. This enzyme participates in alkaloid biosynthesis i.
# Thiruvasakam (Ayyavazhi)

"Thiruvasakam" in Tamil means The Holy Text. In Ayyavazhi mythology, Thiruvasakam is the report which was sent to humanity about the arrival of God to the world. They are four in number, as written in the Akilathirattu Ammanai.{

## Thiruvasakam - 1

The Thiruvasakam - 1 reads as follows:
   The three great Godheads have taken cognisance of the state of disorder in the world. To rectify the same, we are writing this as a first step so that the Kalineesan might amend. We will come into the world as Narayana Pantaram in the year 1008. When we come, we will undertake a tavam and destroy the kaliyuga. Black magic, trickery, witchcraft, sorcery, and the demons and devils will be thrown into fire. Those who remain committed to these words of Thiruvasakam will attain Dharmapathi, i.e. the abode of righteousness.
With these words, the Thiruvasakam - 1 was sent out to the world.
* Thiruvasakam - 2
* Thiruvasakam - 3
* Thiruvasakam - 4
# Tauripampa District

Tauripampa District is one of thirty-three districts of the province Yauyos in Peru.
# Windsor Roller Derby

Windsor Roller Derby is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Windsor, Ontario. Founded as Border City Brawlers in 2010, the league is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

## History and organization

Founded in July 2010, the league consists of The Border City Brawlers All Stars, who compete in WFTDA sanctioned games, the Canadian Clubbers, a B level travel team and the Windsor ASalts, a C level travel team.
By the start of 2012, the league had about fifty skaters, and was practicing at the Windsor Armories. However, the building was closed for renovation, forcing the training sessions to relocate.
In July 2012, the league was accepted into the Women's Flat Track Derby Association Apprentice Programme. In addition, its newer skaters took fourth place in a tournament hosted by Greater Toronto Area Rollergirls in Toronto. On December 23, 2013, Border City was made a full member in the WFTDA.
The league has also received media coverage for raising money for local charities at its bouts. In 2012, the league announced a new inclusive gender policy, affirming that transgender skaters are eligible to join, attracting media attention.
In 2015, Border City introduced a junior roller derby program for girls aged 12 to 17.
In 2019, the league announced a rebrand as Windsor Roller Derby, to better reflect the organization's core values.

## WFTDA rankings

| Season | Final ranking | Playoffs | Championship |
| 2014 | 179 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2015 | 176 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2016 | 245 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2017 | 291 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2018 | NR | DNQ | DNQ |
* NR = no rank assigned in this release
# Waverly, Indiana

Waverly is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Harrison Township, Morgan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Waverly had its start about 1837 by the building of the canal through that territory. At one time, Waverly was one of two sites in the running to become Indiana's state capital. A post office was established at Waverly in 1862, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1927. Located alongside the White River, the Waverly community has suffered severe flooding, most recently in 2008. Much of the area was then purchased by Morgan County for recreational purposes. Old Town Waverly Park is now open on the original site of the village of Waverly. The Waverly Bank building has been retained and restored to act as a museum of sorts, and a traditional arts area is available for demonstrations of blacksmithing, tinsmithing and other traditional arts. A paved, two mile riverwalk trail for pedestrian and bicycle use follows the river.

## Geography

Waverly is located in northeastern Morgan County. It is bordered to the east by the town of Bargersville in Johnson County. The White River forms the northern border of the community, while Interstate 69 forms the southeast border, with the nearest highway access being Exit 153, 1 mile (1.6 km) to the northeast. I-69 leads southwest 14 miles (23 km) to Martinsville, the Morgan county seat, and northeast 16 miles (26 km) to Indianapolis.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Waverly CDP has a total area of 1.52 square miles (3.94 km$^2$), of which 0.002 square miles (0.005 km$^2$), or 0.13%, are water.
# Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus

Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus is a Gram-positive, aerobic, xylan-degrading, endospore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Lysinibacillus which has been isolated from forest humus from the Gyeryong Mountain.
# Densitometer

A densitometer is a device that measures the degree of darkness (the optical density) of a photographic or semitransparent material or of a reflecting surface. The densitometer is basically a light source aimed at a photoelectric cell. It determines the density of a sample placed between the light source and the photoelectric cell from differences in the readings. Modern densitometers have the same components, but also have electronic integrated circuitry for better reading.

## Types

* Transmission densitometers that measure transparent materials
* A transmission densitometer used to measure transparent surfaces measure color transparencies. Film & transparent substrates are some examples of common transparent surface measures.
* Reflection densitometers that measure light reflected from a surface of any state.

## Photography applications

Some are capable of both types of measurements selectable by a switch. They are used in film photography to measure densities of negatives with the switch in the "T" (Transmission) position and the saturation of a resulting print in the "R" position. Such measurements enable the photographer to choose the right photo paper and the correct exposure, obviating experiments with test strips. Once the papers and darkroom have been calibrated, the first print from a previously measured negative is a success at once.

## Uses

* Measuring color saturation by print professionals
* Calibration of printing equipment
* Quantifying the radioactivity of a compound such as radiolabeled DNA as one of the molecular tools for gene study
* Making adjustments so that outputs are consistent with the colors desired in the finished products.
* Ensuring x-ray films are within code-required density ranges and comparing relative material thicknesses in industrial radiography
* Process control of density dot gain, dot area & ink trapping.
* Densitometer readings will be different for different types of printing process & substrates.
# Shams Ad Din, Yemen

Shams ad din is a village in south-western Yemen. It is located in the Abyan Governorate.