OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Waltham Forest (legal forest)

Waltham Forest was a royal forest that existed from around the time the Forest of Essex was disestablished in the 13th century. After that Forest Law was focused on areas with higher concentrations of woodland than the sparsely wooded Forest of Essex ever had.
Forests were legal institutions introduced by the Normans to denote an area where the King or another magnate had the right to keep and hunt deer and make Forest Law. Initially there was a very weak correlation between the extent of the legal forest and what might be termed the 'physical forest', the often wooded Common Land areas where the deer lived. In later centuries there was a much stronger correlation – with Forest areas decreasing in extent to more closely align with wooded area. Eventually the word forest became synonymous with woodland.
The first known use of the name Waltham Forest is 1205 (in Medieval Latin) as foresta nostra prope Waltham, and the use of the name persisted, together with names for various parts of the forest, until the end of the seventeenth century.
Waltham Forest was focused on the heavily wooded areas subsequently known as Epping Forest and Hainault Forest. Outside those areas woodland cover would have been modest, particularly near the Roding and Lea rivers.
Waltham Forest was bounded by the River Lea in the west and the originally Roman Romford Road (A118) in the south. It stretched north with boundaries in the Harlow area.
The modern London Borough of Waltham Forest, formed in 1965, was named after this institution.
# South Fork Mayo River

The South Fork Mayo River is a river in the United States state of Virginia.
# South Fork Little Snake River

South Fork Little Snake River is an 18.2-mile-long (29.3 km) tributary of the Little Snake River in Routt County, Colorado. It flows north from a source in Routt National Forest near Steamboat Lake State Park to a confluence with the Little Snake River.
# Arnulf, Count of Holland

Arnulf, also known as Arnoud or Arnold, succeeded his father in 988 as Count of Frisia, which by around AD 1100 would come to be referred to as the county of Holland. He was born in 951 in Ghent and because of this he is also known as Arnulf of Ghent. Arnulf was the son of Dirk II, Count of Holland and Hildegard of Flanders (daughter of count Arnulf I). He was named after his maternal grandfather.

## Career

Arnulf is first mentioned (together with his parents) in 970. Like his father, his name appears in numerous Flemish documents at the time. In 983 Arnulf accompanied Emperor Otto II and future Emperor Otto III on their journey to Verona and Rome. As count he managed to expand his territories southwards. Arnulf donated several properties to Egmond Abbey, amongst others Hillegersberg (which was previously called Bergan, but renamed after Arnulf's mother) and Overschie, which may have been rewards for the land-clearing activities of the monks of Egmond.
Arnulf was the first count to come into conflict with the West Frisians and in 993 he invaded deep into their territory, but on 18 September of that year he was defeated and killed in a battle near Winkel in West-Friesland. His son Dirk was still a boy at this time, but Arnulf's widow Luitgard managed to retain the county for her son with support from first Emperor Otto III and later her brother-in-law, Emperor Henry II.

## Family

In May 980 Arnulf married Lutgard of Luxemburg, a daughter of Siegfried, Count of Luxemburg. The couple had (at least) two sons; the future Count Dirk III and Siegfried (also known as Sicco). Arnulf, his wife and his sons were all buried at Egmond.
He also had a daughter, Adelina of Holland, who was married to Baldwin II, Count of Boulogne and Enguerrand I, Count of Ponthieu.
On 20 September 993 Liutgard donated her properties at Rugge to Saint Peter's abbey of Ghent for the soul of her husband. In June 1005 she made peace with the West-Frisians through mediation by Emperor Henry.

## References/Bibliography

* Frisia Coast Trail, The Abbey of Egmond and the Rise of the Gerulfings
* Cordfunke, Graven en Gravinnen van het Hollandse Huis (1986).
| Preceded byDirk II | Count of Friesland west of the Vlie 988–993 | Succeeded byDirk III |
# Ilimanaq Heliport

Ilimanaq Heliport (ICAO: BGIL) is a heliport in Ilimanaq, a village located just south of Ilulissat Icefjord in Avannaata municipality in western Greenland. The heliport is considered a helistop, and is served by Air Greenland as part of a government contract.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Air Greenland (settlement flights) | Seasonal: Ilulissat |
Air Greenland operates government contract flights to villages in the Disko Bay region. These mostly cargo flights are not featured in the timetable, although they can be pre-booked. Departure times for these flights as specified during booking are by definition approximate, with the settlement service optimized on the fly depending on local demand for a given day.
Settlement flights in the Disko Bay and Aasiaat Archipelago regions are unique in that they are operated only during winter and spring. During summer and autumn, communication between settlements is by sea only, serviced by Diskoline.
# Ilir Kerni

Ilir Kerni (born 18 May 1959) is an Albanian male dancer. He gained acclaim in a ballet troupe in the 1980s. Kerni is one of the most renowned Albanian ballet dancers worldwide. He became the director of the National Theatre of Opera and Ballet of Albania in 2013. Kerni held the position of director of Albania's only national theater of opera and ballet for almost three years until 2016. In October 2019, Kerni was appointed director of ballet at the Split National Theater of Opera and Ballet in Croatia, a position which he will hold for the next four years, until 2023.
# Arnold Jonathan Bishop-Gooding

Arnold Jonathan Bishop-Gooding (born 17 December 1950) is a Sierra Leonean lawyer, former attorney-general of Sierra Leone, and transport minister.

## Early life and education

Arnold Jonathan Bishop-Gooding was born in Freetown, Sierra Leone to Sierra Leonean parents of Creole descent. He attended the Sierra Leone Grammar School and subsequently matriculated at Cambridge University, where he earned a Bachelor of Laws and Master of Laws at Christ's College, Cambridge.

## Career

Bishop-Gooding returned to Sierra Leone and established the law firm, Gooding & Gooding. He was attorney-general of Sierra Leone and information minister under the NPRC government of Captain Valentine Strasser.
After returning to private practice, Bishop-Gooding also served as transport minister of Sierra Leone. He subsequently retired from public service and entered into private practice as a legal and business consultant at Selina House.
# Raúl Hernández

Raúl Hernández may refer to:
* Raúl Hernández (rower) (born 1992), Cuban Olympic rower
* Raúl Hernández Garrido (born 1964), Spanish playwright
* Raúl Lucio Hernández Lechuga, former Mexican drug lord
* Raúl Hernández Barrón (1977–2014), deceased Mexican drug lord
# Re-enter Sir John

Re-enter Sir John is a 1932 British crime novel written by Clemence Dane and Helen Simpson. It was the sequel to the 1928 novel Enter Sir John, which had been adapted into a film Murder! by Alfred Hitchcock. The book continues the adventures of the actor-manager Sir John Saumarez.
# Illidge's ant blue

Illidge's ant-blue butterfly (Acrodipsas illidgei), is an endangered species of butterfly endemic to Australia. This species can be found at six confirmed sites: Mary River Heads, Beaver Rock and Maaroom in the Fraser Coast Region (Queensland); Redland Bay and Point Halloran in the City of Redland (Queensland), and Brunswick Heads (New South Wales).

## Characteristics

The eggs of the Illidge's ant-blue butterfly are white and have an average diameter of 0.7 mm. In its caterpillar stage it is white. The pupa of the butterfly is approximately 1 cm lengthwise and is brown. As adults they are brown and the females of the species contain blue coloured regions on the surface of their wings that change shades depending on the angle from which the surface is being viewed. The ventral side of both genders of the butterfly are fawn in colour and contain small dark spots. The wingspan of the butterfly is approximately 2 cm.

## Ecology

The life cycle of the Illidge's ant-blue butterfly, from when the eggs are laid to when the butterfly finally emerges, is highly complex. It is also one of the best illustrations of the symbiotic relationship between organisms within mangrove systems. The eggs are laid by the females of the species in stubs on grey mangrove trees where there is a presence of Crematogaster ant colonies. The larvae are transported to the ants' nests by the ants where they feed on excretions from the larvae, while a larva on the other hand feeds on developing ants (perhaps its regurgitations). There have been no recorded natural enemies of the Illidge's ant-blue, except for the exposed immature stage as an egg to hunting spiders. The largest cause of mortality of the larvae has been the host ants turning hostile towards it. Fluffy scales cover the body of an emerging butterfly so as to protect it from such hostile attacks.

## Conservation

The essential threat to the existence of Illidge's ant-blue butterfly arises as a result of the destruction of mangrove habitats. Since numerous plants and animals are so heavily reliant on each other within the mangrove systems, its destruction also endangers the existence of other organisms such as crustaceans and molluscs. To prevent the extinction of the Illidge's ant-blue butterfly the state government of Queensland granted the species permanently protected status in 1990. This necessitated all collected samples of the species to be registered and made it illegal to collect the species without prior consent from relevant state officials.
# Château d'Enghien (Chantilly)

The Château d'Enghien in Chantilly, France is a building within the park of the Château de Chantilly.
It is a long, neoclassical building, designed by Jean-François Leroy in 1769 as lodging for the guests that Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé entertained at Chantilly.
It was later named in honor of his grandson Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien who lived in the building with his nurses after his birth in 1772.
The building is composed of a series of four attached pavilions, each with its own entrance and its own triangular pediment crowned with a balustrade.
The château is now the official residence of the conservator of the Musée Condé and of three academicians.
# Bitter lemon

Bitter lemon is a bitter lemon flavoured soft drink. Its signature taste is a result of inherently bitter lemon pith being reinforced by the bitter alkaloid quinine.
The principal difference between tonic water and bitter lemon is the lemon juice, pith, and peel. The juice adds sour, offset by additional sweetener, and the oily peel fragrance.
The generic bitter lemon drink dates back to 1834. Schweppes introduced its brand of bitter lemon in 1957.
Bitter lemon is consumed both by itself and as a mixer, and is sold around the world.

## Notable brands

* Schweppes
* Fever-Tree
* Canada Dry
* Gini
* Royal Club
* Polar Beverages
# Rádio Unifei

Rádio Unifei is a campus radio station owned and operated by the Federal University of Itajubá, in Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil, broadcasting on 1570 kHz AM.
The radio station broadcasts mainly non-commercial advertising, Brazilian popular music, university and city news, rock n' roll and reggae music. Currently, the station employs three full-time employees and five university students working as "undergraduate monitors".

## History

Rádio Unifei was put on the air on 1490 kHz in 1961 under the direction of José Leite, professor at the then-Electrotechnical Institute of Itajubá. Much of the transmission and studio equipment was built or repaired by students. In the 1970s, the station received a commercial license and moved to 1570 kHz, operating with 250 watts.
# Lysogorsky

Lysogorsky (masculine), Lysogorskaya (feminine), or Lysogorskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Lysogorsky District, a district of Saratov Oblast, Russia
* Lysogorsky (rural locality) (Lysogorskaya, Lysogorskoye), name of several rural localities in Russia
# Summer Festival

Summer Festival may refer to:
* Summer Festival (TV series)
* Ann Arbor Summer Festival
* Dubrovnik Summer Festival
* Ljubljana Summer Festival
* Ohrid Summer Festival
* Quebec City Summer Festival
* Skopje Summer Festival
* Summer Festival, Albania
* Summer Sonic Festival
* Tokyo Summer Festival
# Tallchief

Tallchief is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Maria Tallchief (1925–2013), American ballerina
* Marjorie Tallchief (1926–2021), American ballerina
# Redcrest, California

Redcrest is a census-designated place in Humboldt County, California. It is located 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north of Weott, at an elevation of 377 feet (115 m). The population was 89 at the 2010 census.
The Redcrest post office was established in 1965.
The greater Redcrest area includes the Holmes flat, Englewood and Larabee areas.
Redcrest is located along the Avenue of the Giants. The ZIP Code is 95569. The community is inside area code 707.

## Demographics

At the 2010 census Redcrest had a population of 89. The population density was 148.8 inhabitants per square mile (57.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of Redcrest was 73 (82.0%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 5 (5.6%) Native American, 0 (0.0%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 3 (3.4%) from other races, and 8 (9.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4 people (4.5%).
The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalizes
There were 42 households, 9 (21.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 21 (50.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 5 (11.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1 (2.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 6 (14.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 12 households (28.6%) were one person and 6 (14.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.12. There were 27 families (64.3% of households); the average family size was 2.41.
The age distribution was 15 people (16.9%) under the age of 18, 1 people (1.1%) aged 18 to 24, 18 people (20.2%) aged 25 to 44, 37 people (41.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 18 people (20.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 50.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 71.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.
There were 54 housing units at an average density of 90.3 per square mile (34.9/km$^2$), of which 42 were occupied, 29 (69.0%) by the owners and 13 (31.0%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.1%. 56 people (62.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 33 people (37.1%) lived in rental housing units.

## Politics

In the state legislature, Redcrest is in the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire, and the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Jim Wood.
Federally, Redcrest is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman.
# Las Brisas

Las Brisas is a big beach of Miranda, Venezuela.
* This article about a location in Venezuela is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Cheat Neck, West Virginia

Cheat Neck is an unincorporated community in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States.
# Charlson Comorbidity Index

In medicine, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) predicts the mortality for a patient who may have a range of concurrent conditions (comorbidities), such as heart disease, AIDS, or cancer (considering a total of 17 categories). A score of zero means that no comorbidities were found; the higher the score, the higher the predicted mortality rate is. For a physician, this score is helpful in deciding how aggressively to treat a condition.
It is one of the most widely used scoring system for comorbidities. The index was developed by Mary Charlson and colleagues in 1987, but the methodology has been adapted several times since then based on the findings of additional studies. Many variations of the Charlson comorbidity index have been presented, including the Charlson/Deyo, Charlson/Romano, Charlson/Manitoba, and Charlson/D'Hoores comorbidity indices.

## Calculation

Each condition is assigned a score of 1, 2, 3, or 6, depending on the risk of dying associated with each one. Clinical conditions and associated scores are as follows:
* 1 each: Myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, chronic pulmonary disease, rheumatologic disease, peptic ulcer disease, liver disease (if mild, or 3 if moderate/severe), diabetes (if controlled, or 2 if uncontrolled)
* 2 each: Hemiplegia or paraplegia, renal disease, malignancy (if localized, or 6 if metastatic tumor), leukemia, lymphoma
* 6 each: AIDS
Patients who are 50 years old or more get additional points:
* 50-59 years old: +1 point
* 60-69 years old: +2 points
* 70-79 years old: +3 points
* 80 years old or more: +4 points
Scores are summed to provide a total score to predict mortality.
Currently 17 categories are considered in the popular Charlson/Deyo variant, instead of 19 in the original score. The weights were also adapted in 2003.
Conditions can be identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes commonly used in patient records.

## Use

For a physician, this score is helpful in deciding how aggressively to treat a condition. For example, a patient may have cancer with comorbid heart disease and diabetes. These comorbidities may be so severe that the costs and risks of cancer treatment would outweigh its short-term benefit.
Since patients often do not know how severe their conditions are, nurses were originally supposed to review a patient's chart and determine whether a particular condition was present in order to calculate the index. Subsequent studies have adapted the comorbidity index into a questionnaire for patients.
The Charlson index, especially the Charlson/Deyo, followed by the Elixhauser have been most commonly referred by the comparative studies of comorbidity and multimorbidity measures.
# Charlton

Charlton may refer to:

## People

* Charlton (surname)
* Charlton (given name)

## Places
### Australia

* Charlton, Queensland
* Charlton, Victoria
* Division of Charlton, an electoral district in the Australian House of Representatives, in New South Wales

### Canada

* Charlton, Ontario
* Charlton Island, Nunavut

### England

* Hundred of Charlton, a hundred in the Wokingham area of Berkshire
* Charlton, Bristol, a village in Gloucestershire near Bristol, demolished in 1949
* Charlton, Hampshire
* Charlton, Hertfordshire
* Charlton, London, formerly a village, now a district
* Charlton, Northamptonshire
* Charlton, Northumberland
* Charlton, Oxfordshire, a location in Wantage
* Charlton, Shropshire, a location
* Charlton, Kilmersdon, Mendip district, Somerset
* Charlton, Shepton Mallet, Mendip district, Somerset
* Charlton, Taunton Deane, Somerset
* Charlton, Surrey (formerly Middlesex)
* Charlton, West Sussex
* Charlton, Brinkworth, Wiltshire
* Charlton, Donhead St Mary, South Wiltshire
* Charlton St Peter, Pewsey Vale, Wiltshire
* Charlton, Worcestershire, near Fladbury
* Charlton, Hartlebury, a location in Worcestershire

### New Zealand

* Charlton, New Zealand

### United States

* Charlton, Massachusetts
* Charlton, New York
* Charlton County, Georgia
* Charlton Township, Michigan

## Buildings in England

* Charlton Castle, Shropshire
* Charlton House, London
* Charlton House, Charlton Mackrell, Somerset
* Charlton House, Wraxall, Somerset

## Other uses

* Charlton (ship), two ships
* Charlton Athletic F.C., an English football team based in the London district of that name
* Charlton Avenue (Hamilton, Ontario), Canada
* Charlton Comics, American comic book company (1946–1986)
* Charlton Down, a village in Dorset, England
* Charlton Press, a Canadian book publishing company which produces price guides and other books on collectibles
* Charlton School, a coeducational secondary school in Telford, Shropshire, England
* Charlton College of Business, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
# Charley's Aunt (1926 film)

Charley's Aunt (Swedish: Charleys tant) is a 1926 Swedish silent comedy film directed by Elis Ellis and starring Ellis, Ralph Forbes and Renée Björling. It is an adaptation of the 1882 play Charley's Aunt by Brandon Thomas.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Vilhelm Bryde.

## Cast

* Elis Ellis as Lord Francourt Bobberley
* Ralph Forbes as Jack Chesney
* Olav Riégo as Charles Wykeham
* Renée Björling as Kitty Werden
* Inga Sundblad-Ellis as Annie Speetigue
* Axel Hultman as Jeremias Speetigue
* Sven Bergvall as Sir Francis Chesney
* Magda Holm as Ella Delahay
* Anna Bergvall as Dona Lucia d'Alvadorez
* Gustaf Hjärne as Brasset
# Lasiochlamys trichostemona

Lasiochlamys trichostemona is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia.
# Wyandanch (disambiguation)

Wyandanch is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Babylon in Suffolk County, New York.
Wyandanch may also refer to:
* Wyandanch (LIRR station)
* Wyandanch (sachem)
# Lathrolestes luteolator

Lathrolestes luteolator is a species of wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is native to North America and is a parasitoid of various species of sawfly larvae. In the 1990s, it started to parasitise the larvae of the invasive amber-marked birch leaf miner in Alberta. When this pest spread to Alaska, the wasp was used in biological pest control.

## Ecology

Like other parasitic wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, the adult female L. luteolator uses its ovipositor to lay eggs inside the body of its prey, usually the larval stage of a sawfly larva, often a leaf miner. When the eggs hatch, the carnivorous larvae live in and consume the body of their host. Various sawfly larvae are attacked including the red oak leaf miner (Profenusa alumna). In Alberta, the host is the "pear slug" (Caliroa cerasi), which is not a mollusc but the larva of a sawfly.
However, in Alberta in the early 1990s, the wasp adopted a new host and started parasitising the amber-marked birch leaf miner (Profenusa thomsoni), an invasive species that had appeared in the province twenty years earlier and become a major pest of birch trees (Betula). A dramatic collapse in populations of the leaf miner followed, and numbers remain low, seemingly kept under control by the parasitic wasp.
By 2003 the range of the amber-marked birch leaf miner had extended into Alaska, and it was spreading, first throughout the Anchorage Basin, and later into the Eagle River watershed and the Matanuska-Susitna Valley and southwards to Bird Ridge, causing serious defoliation of birch trees. A biological control program of the pest using Lathrolestes luteolator was initiated in 2004.
# Lathrocordulia metallica

Lathrocordulia metallica is a species of dragonfly in the superfamily Libelluloidea, known as the Western swiftwing. It is a medium-sized, bronze to black coloured dragonfly without pale markings, endemic to south-western Australia, where it inhabits streams.

## Gallery

* Female wings
* Male wings