OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sangmo

A sangmo (Korean: 상모) is a hat used for Korean folk performances. It has feathers or paper streamers called piji, made of Korean paper attached to the top which is worn when dancing and moving the head around (머리춤; lit. head dance) during a pungmul (nongak) performance.

## Terms

The hat is also called chae-sang or beop-go. Performances with it are also called sangmo-noleum, chaesang-noleum, buckgu-noleum. Noleum (놀음) means performance. A person who wears a sangmo is called a beok-gu (벅구), chaesang-chibae (채상치배), or beokgu-jaebi (버꾸잽이). Chibae (치배) and jaebi (잽이) are terms for percussionists in pungmul.

## Origin

The origin of it can be found in the history of the jeon-lip. Jeonp-lip is a black cap of the sangmo. The origin of the jeon-lip is the jeolpung on the head. Jeolpung is the basic type of crown cap of the Three Kingdoms period, and used various ornaments such as flowers, branches, and bird feathers to represent the region and its identity.
The old style of sangmo can be found in the mural paintings of Goguryeo tombs which adorn the feathers of birds on soldiers' heads.
There are also claims that the sangmo was used as a means of military command. As the commander nodded left, right, rear, front, and all directions, the military stretched to the great heights of 'ㅡ,' 'ㅁ,' '曲, and 'ㅇ.' Scholars say that it has gradually changed from military culture to an entertainment.

## Composition

The composition of the sangmo is divided into two parts: the leader session (kkwaenggwari) and instrument session (sogo: A small hand-held drum). Sangmo can be divided into jeon-lip corresponding to a hat, jin-ja made of wood and plastic beads, and mul-chae made of white thread and animal feathers.
* Chae-sangmo: At the end of mulchae, a long Korean paper called pi-ji.
* Ppot-sangmo: Put on bunch of crane or ostrich feathers. It is usually used by a kwaenggwari performer.
* Dog tail-sangmo: Gather the feathers of a bird like a round ball and put it together. Its shape is said to resemble a dog's tail.
* Yoldubal-sangmo: Yoldu means '12'. Put a 180 cm-long pi-ji on it. make a showy move that is close to a stunt.

## Performance type

* Oe-sa (외사): It means one-sided motion. It is a technique to turn the jin-ja in one direction. Turn anti-clockwise from the position of a performer (chi-bae). External force is the action of drawing a circle with feathers or paper.
* Sa-sa (사사): It is also called yangsa. It means two-sided motion. It is a technique that turns the jin-ja twice. performer (chi-bae) looks first from the left and turns.
* Butterfly-sa (나비사): It was named because it resembled a butterfly. While doing 'sa-sa', performer raises head from the fourth beat and shoots a vertex.
# Maharram

Maharram is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Maharram Aliyev (born 1951), Deputy Minister of Justice of the Republic of Azerbaijan
* Maharram Bayramov (1928— 1981), Azerbaijani politician
* Maharram Dadashev (1912–1944), Azerbaijani military officer
* Maharram Hashimov (1912–1969), Azerbaijani theatre director
* Maharram Mammadyarov (1924–2022), Azerbaijani scientist
* Maharram Seyidov (1952–1990), National Hero of Azerbaijan
# St Cross Church, Middleton

The Church of St Cross is in Middleton, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is an active Anglican church and part of the Armley deanery in the archdeaconry of Leeds, Diocese of Leeds.

## History

The parish of St Cross was taken out of the extensive parish of Middleton after the Middleton council housing estate was built in the 1920s and the population in the area increased dramatically. St Mary's Church acquired a site on which to build a mission church and a temporary wooden building was erected in 1925 with funds from the Leeds Church Extension Society. A permanent church was built in 1933 with funding from the diocese. St Cross was created a separate parish in July 1935.
A complete set of coins for 1933, including a 1933 penny, one of only seven known examples, was buried when the church's foundation stone was laid. The coins were found in 1970 to have been stolen.

## Structure

The church was designed in the Early Christian style by F.L.Charlton for the Church Forward Movement. It has a concrete frame and is clad in brick.

### Exterior

The church has five bays with narrow single light rounded windows to the nave and a clerestory of narrow closely spaced rounded arched windows. The church has a north east Italianate campanile-style bell tower with a single bell. The tower is 60 feet high.

### Interior

The nave is spanned by broad Gothic arches and there are five bay arcades with rounded arches. The walls are plastered. The altar, credence table and lectern were designed by Charlton and made by Robert Thompson of Kilburn who also made the aisle screens. The pulpit is from St John at Adel and a 19th-century font came from Ainderby Steeple. A crucifix made in Oberammergau came from Christ Church in Hunslet.
The interior was altered in 1982 when the rear two bays were partitioned to form a parish room and kitchen.
# William Gillen

William Aloysius Gillen (1918 or 1919 – April 1, 1995) was an American labor union leader.
Born in Philadelphia, Gillen served with the United States Army in Europe during World War II. After the war, he returned to Pennsylvania and worked in a factory, then later became managing director of the Pop Warner Little Scholars program. In 1955, he was appointed as president of the Insurance Workers of America union.
As leader of the union, Gillen organized a merger with the rival Insurance Agents' International Union, forming the Insurance Workers' International Union. He was elected as secretary-treasurer of the new union, then defeated the incumbent to become its president in 1965. He also served on the general board of the AFL-CIO, and acted as a mediator and lecturer for the federation.
Gillen stood down as leader of the union in 1976, to become assistant director of the George Meany Center for Labor Studies. He retired in 1984, and settled in Leisure World, Maryland, where he died in 1995.
# Velleius dilatatus

Velleius dilatatus , the hornet rove beetle, is a species of rove beetle belonging to the family Staphylinidae. This beetle is commensal with the European hornet (Vespa crabro), living in its nests.

## Taxonomy

Velleius dilatatus was first formally described in 1787 as Staphylinus dilatatus by the Danish biologist Johan Christian Fabricius with its type locality given as Saxony ("Halae Saxonum"). This species is classified within the genus Quedius by some authorities who treat Velleius as a subgenus of Quedius.

## Description

Velleius dilatatus is a large species of rove beetle being between 10 and 25 mm (0.39 and 0.98 in), and is completely black or dark brown in colour with a rounded, laterally flattened pronotum. They have a large head with weakly convex eyes and long and curved temples, The surface of the exoskeleton is matt because there is strong microsculpture. The mandibles are large and asymmetrical; the right mandible has a prominent tooth and the left has 3 smaller teeth. The antennae has 11 segments with the segments between the fourth and the tenth being serrated. The pronotum is rounded, creating angles towards the front, and is flattened laterally and has a strong microsculpture which leads it to appear iridescent in low-angle lighting. The elytra is quadrangular and matt, with sparse recumbent short hairs and scattered longer stuiff hairs, especially on the sides. The abdomen is evenly tapering towards the tip and has clear raised borders on the sides, it has strong microsculpture and is weakly iridescent. The legs are long and rather robust with straight tibiae which widen towards their apex and have a pair of long spurs on the inner apical angle.

## Distribution

Velleius dilatatus is found in the Western Palearctic from southern Great Britain east to European Russia and southern Finland south to the Pyrenees and Corsica.

## Biology

Velleius dilatatus spend most of their adult lives in the nests of European hornets, typically in tree-hollows but they have also been recorded from houses. They feed upon diptera larvae etc. which they find by the accumulated debris in the nest. However, they are known to leave nests on warm evenings, when the temperature exceeds 16 °C (61 °F), to prey on other insects or to visit sap-runs on oak and beech trees. They have a keen sense of smell and they are thought to be able to detect sap and navigate to and from the nest by following the scent. These beetles are good fliers and they normally land at a sap-run roughly an hour after dark and there may be a few of them in attendance at a single sap-run. They do not associate with each other, remaining separated and do not move much when feeding. They will stay at the sap-run for much of the night, regularly detecting and preying on other insects that come to the sap-run. Their larvae grow within the nest detritus, eating other insects and, maybe, the dead and dying hornets too. As many as ten adult beetles and larvae may be found in a nest, and while they do not appear to prey on the hornets or their larvae, the nest must be occupied by hornets for the beetles to persist.
# Yalvaç Dam

Yalvaç Dam is a dam in Türkiye. The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works.
# Williamsburg High School

Williamsburg High School may refer to the following secondary schools in the United States:
* Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design in New York City
* Williamsburg High School in Williamsburg, Iowa
* Williamsburg High School in Williamsburg, Kansas
* Williamsburg High School in Williamsburg, Kentucky
* Williamsburg High School in Williamsburg, Ohio
# Trichopteryx (plant)

Trichopteryx is a genus of African plants in the grass family.

## Species

* Trichopteryx dregeana Nees
* Trichopteryx elegantula (Hook.f.) Stapf
* Trichopteryx fruticulosa Chiov.
* Trichopteryx marungensis Chiov.
* Trichopteryx stolziana Henrard

## formerly included

numerous species now considered better suited to other genera: Danthoniopsis Loudetia Loudetiopsis Tristachya
# Sangmu Gymnasium

Sangmu Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Seongnam, South Korea. The capacity of the arena is 5,000 people and was built in 1986 to host wrestling events at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Sebastien Knab

Sebastien Knab, O.P. (c. 1632 – 8 September 1690) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Nakhijevan (1682–1690).

## Biography

Sebastien Knab was born in Bamberg in around 1632 and ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers. On 28 September 1682, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent XI as Archbishop of Nakhchivan. On 18 October 1682, he was consecrated bishop by Alessandro Crescenzi (cardinal), Bishop of Recanati e Loreto, with Odoardo Cibo, Titular Archbishop of Seleucia in Isauria, and Gregorio Carducci, Bishop of Valva e Sulmona, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Archbishop of Nakhchivan until his death on 8 September 1690.
# Eduarda Dionísio

Eduarda Dionísio (1946 Lisbon – 22 May 2023 Lisbon) was a Portuguese writer and playwright.

## Career

She was the daughter of Mário Dionísio and Maria Letícia Reis Clemente da Silva. She graduated in Languages from the University of Lisbon. She was a secondary school teacher at several schools in Lisbon, including Camões Secondary School. She was also the author, with her mother, of school books for teaching Portuguese, published between 1972 and 1975.
She was part of several theater groups at the Faculty of Arts and Ateneu Cooperativo, having founded the group Contra Regra (1983), where he dedicated himself to literary criticism. She collaborated in theater groups such as «O Bando» and « Teatro da Cornucópia ». As a teacher, she was a union leader at SPGL (Greater Lisbon Teachers' Union) in 1977. She developed various cultural activities (teaching, theater, press, and translation. As a translator, she translated authors as diverse as William Shakespeare and Bertolt Brecht.
She ran Casa da Achada, in Mouraria, where the archive of Mário Dionísio is located.
Dionísio died in Lisbon on May 22, 2023, aged 77.

## Writings and reception
### Antes que a noite venha

The conception of Antes que a noite venha came about after a playwriting challenge from actor Adriano Luz, but written to exemplify the capabilities of four specific actresses he named. Because of this, the piece was created for a specific mise-en-scène and it was described by Maria de Fátima Silva as "not aiming to be a theatrical text but rather a text for the theatre".

## Works

* Comente o seguinte texto. Lisboa: Plátano, 1972.
* Retrato dum amigo enquanto falo. Lisboa. O Armazém das Letras, 1979.
* Histórias, memórias, imagens e mitos duma geração curiosa. Lisboa: Círculo de Leitores, 1981.
* Pouco tempo depois (as tentações). Lisboa: Gradiva,. 1984.
* Alguns lugares muito comuns: diário de uns quantos dias que não abalaram o mundo. Lisboa: Gradiva, 1987.
* Antes que a Noite Venha. Lisboa: Cotovia: Teatro Nacional D. Maria II,. 1992. ISBN 9729013942
* Títulos, ações, obrigações: a cultura em Portugal, 1974 -1994. Lisboa: Edições Salamandra, 1993.
* «Práticas culturais» in REIS, António (coord.). Portugal: 20 anos de democracia. Lisboa: Temas e Debates, 1996,
* As histórias não têm fim. Lisboa: Cotovia, 1997. ISBN 9728028903
# William Hood (politician)

William Walter Hood (25 March 1844 – 18 August 1920) was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

## Biography

Hood was born in Berwick, Scotland, the son of Robert Hood and his wife Margaret (née Weatherly). Upon his arrival in Australia he was educated at the Geelong Grammar School and after receiving commercial experience in Melbourne he set out to Queensland in 1863. Here he first worked at several stations before becoming the general manager of the Queensland Pastoral Company in 1880 and a company director of the Queensland Cattle Company, the Queensland Investment Company, and the West Qld Pastoralists' Company.
On 11 February 1868 Hood married Mary Jane Sceales (died 1902) and together had six sons and nine daughters. He died in August 1920 and was buried in the Toowong Cemetery.

## Public career

Hood's first experience as a politician was with the Ararat Shire Council in Victoria. Following the death of the sitting member, James Crombie in 1898, Hood won the subsequent by-election for the seat of Warrego in the Queensland Legislative Assembly. The election of Hood at the 1899 Queensland colonial election was declared void in November of that year and another by-election was held the following month which was won by Labour's David Bowman.
# Ver-sur-Launette

Ver-sur-Launette (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# YSNP

YSNP can refer to:
* Yellowstone National Park, in Wyoming, United States.
* Yushan National Park in Taiwan
* "You Shall Not Pass", a famous quote from Gandalf during his battle with a balrog in The Lord of the Rings
# Trigger (album)

Trigger (Stylized as ∠TRIGGER) is the eighth studio album by the Japanese pop-rock band Porno Graffitti. It was released on March 24, 2010 and was ranked first in the Oricon chart during 2010.
# Svjetlan Junaković

Svjetlan Junaković (born 23 January 1961) is a Croatian painter, sculptor and illustrator, known best for his children's picture books. He has received numerous international awards for his illustrations and has participated in exhibitions throughout Europe. For his lasting contribution as a children's illustrator, Junaković was a finalist for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in both 2008 and 2010.

## Biography

Junaković was born in Zagreb in 1961. He graduated from the Brera Academy in Milan in 1985 where he specialized in sculpture. He works as a painter, sculptor, illustrator and graphic designer and is also a lecturer in illustration at the Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb and the International School in Sarmede in Italy.
Junaković has won many international prizes. In 2001 he won prizes at the Biennial of Illustration Bratislava for Mit Pauken und Trompeten (With Bass Drums and Trumpets) and Roter Frosch, grüner Flamingo (Red Frog, Greener Flamingo). In 2009 he won the Levstik Award for his illustrations in 100 + 1 uganka (100 + 1 Riddles).

## Selected books as illustrator

* Roter Frosch, grüner Flamingo (Red Frog, Greener Flamingo), 1999
* Zirkus! Zirkus! (Circus! Circus!), 2002
* Kroko Kanal (Croc Canal), 2003
* Moj put (My Journey), 2007
* Velika knjiga portreta (The Great Portrait Book), 2007
* 100 + 1 uganka (100 + 1 Riddles), 2008
# Cynthia Glassman

Dr. Cynthia Aaron Glassman of Alexandria, Virginia was a commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as well as the Under Secretary for Economic Affairs.
She served as acting chair from July 1, 2005 to August 3, 2005. She received a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1975.
# Tom Dame

Thomas M. Dame is Director of the Radio Telescope Data Center at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, a Senior Radio Astronomer at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and a Lecturer on Astronomy at Harvard University. He is best known for mapping the Milky Way galaxy in Carbon Monoxide and for the discovery of both the Far 3 kpc Arm and the Outer Scutum–Centaurus Arm of the Milky Way.

## Education

Dame graduated from Boston University in 1976 with a BA in Astronomy and Physics. He earned his Master's degrees and Ph.D. from Columbia University. His dissertation, earned under Patrick Thaddeus in 1983, was titled Molecular Clouds and Galactic Spiral Structure .

## Career

After earning his doctorate, Dame worked as the National Research Council resident research associate at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies from 1983 to 1984 and then as a research associate at the Columbia University Department of Astronomy. He moved to Harvard University with Thaddeus in 1986, becoming a teaching fellow in 1988. Dame is Director of the Radio Telescope Data Center at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian.
Dame and Thaddeus have obtained what is by far the most extensive, uniform, and widely used Galactic survey of interstellar carbon monoxide (CO).
Dame discovered the Far 3 kpc Arm of the Milky Way in 2008 and the Outer Sct-Cen Arm in 2011.

## Publications

Dame has authored or co-authored more than 100 research papers in astronomy.

## Honors and awards

* Secretary's Research Prize, Smithsonian Institution, 2009
* Special Achievement Awards, Smithsonian Institution, 1989, 1997, 1999, 2007, 2009, 2010
* Postdoctoral Associateship, National Academy of Sciences (N.R.C.), 1983–1984
* Columbia University Graduate Fellowship, 1976–1978
* College Prize for Excellence in Astronomy, Boston University, 1976

## Professional memberships

* American Astronomical Society
# USS Randolph

USS Randolph may refer to:
* USS Randolph (1776), a sailing frigate launched in 1776 and exploded in 1778 during an engagement with HMS Yarmouth
* USS Randolph (CV-15), an aircraft carrier that served from 1944 to 1969
See also
# William Hawes (Trinity)

William Hawes (18 March 1620 - 12 September 1659) was an English academic.
Dobson was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, becoming a Fellow in 1642. He was President of Trinity from 1658 until his death. He is buried in the churchyard at Garsington.
# Vericel

Vericel Corporation is a publicly traded American biopharmaceutical company which was known prior to October 2014 as Aastrom Bio. Aastrom Bio was formed in 1989 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In the spring of 2014, Aastrom Bio acquired Sanofi's cell therapy and regenerative medicine business which Sanofi had acquired when purchasing Genzyme in 2011. This transformed Aastrom in several ways: it increased the employee count by 8-fold and provided a revenue stream and products to market, which it had not had before.
In October 2014, the company changed its name from Aastrom Bio to Vericel and relocated its headquarters from Ann Arbor, Michigan to Cambridge, Massachusetts.
# Xiangyang Township, Yunnan

Xiangyang Township (simplified Chinese: 向阳乡; traditional Chinese: 向陽鄉; pinyin: Xiàngyáng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Luxi County, Yunnan, China. As of 2018, it has eight villages under its administration.
# Trigger (particle physics)

In particle physics, a trigger is a system that uses criteria to rapidly decide which events in a particle detector to keep when only a small fraction of the total can be recorded. Trigger systems are necessary due to real-world limitations in computing power, data storage capacity and rates. Since experiments are typically searching for "interesting" events (such as decays of rare particles) that occur at a relatively low rate, trigger systems are used to identify the events that should be recorded for later analysis. Current accelerators have event rates greater than 1 MHz and trigger rates that can be below 10 Hz. The ratio of the trigger rate to the event rate is referred to as the selectivity of the trigger. For example, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has an event rate of 40 MHz (4·10$^7$ Hz), and the Higgs boson is expected to be produced there at a rate of roughly 1 Hz. The LHC detectors can manage to permanently store about one thousand events per second. Therefore, the minimum selectivity required is 10$^{−5}$, with much stricter requirements for the data analysis afterwards.
# Xylophanes thyelia

Xylophanes thyelia is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

## Distribution

It is found from Mexico through Central America to Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru and further south into Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina.

## Description

The wingspan is 53–54 mm. It is similar to the Xylophanes ceratomioides species group, but much smaller. There is a dark longitudinal line on the head, which is bordered ventrally with buff above the antenna. The tegula has a dark brown median line, bordered on each side by a pale grey stripe and irrorated with pale purple. The abdomen has a brown midline bordered by narrow grey lines. The forewing upperside is dark brown and buff. There is a short dark line present basal to the first postmedian line, reaching as far as the discal spot. The forewing underside has three dark brown or black and parallel postmedian lines. The hindwing upperside is almost uniform grey brown and the median band is barely indicated.
* Female, dorsal view
* Female, ventral view

## Biology

Adults are on wing year round.

## Subspecies

* Xylophanes thyelia thyelia (Mexico through Central America to Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru and further south into Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina)
* Xylophanes thyelia salvini (Druce, 1878) (Mexico, Guatemala and Belize)