OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dolgopolsky list

The Dolgopolsky list is a word list compiled by Aharon Dolgopolsky in 1964 based on a study of 140 languages from across Eurasia. It lists the 15 lexical items that he found have the most semantic stability, i.e. the 15 words least likely to be replaced.

## List

The words, with the first being the most stable, are:
* I/me
* two/pair
* you (singular, informal)
* who/what
* tongue
* name
* eye
* heart
* tooth
* no/not
* nail (finger-nail)
* louse/nit
* tear/teardrop
* water
* dead
The first item in the list, I/me, has been replaced in none of the 140 languages during their recorded history; the fifteenth, dead, has been replaced in 25% of the languages. The twelfth item, louse/nit, is well kept in the North Caucasian languages, Dravidian and Turkic, but not in some other proto-languages.
The Leipzig–Jakarta list of 100 lexical items includes all of these words with the exception of: two/pair, heart, nail (fingernail), tear, die/dead.
# Zan (surname)

Zan (昝) is a Chinese surname. It is romanized Tsan in Wade–Giles, or Zaan in Cantonese romanization. According to a 2013 study, it was the 391st most common name in China; it was shared by 87,000 people, or 0.007% of the population, with the province with the most people being Sichuan. It is the 165th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.

## Origins

* According to the Shuowen Jiezi, the surname may have originated as a corruption of 朁 (cǎn), which had a similar pronunciation.
* a surname originating in ancient southwestern China
* adopted as a surname by the Zan Lu (昝盧) or Chi Lu (叱盧) families from the Xianbei people in northern China during the Northern Wei period (AD 386–534)
* said to be adopted in place of the surname Jiu (咎 meaning ‘disaster’)

## Notable people

* Zan Jian (昝堅), Jin-era general
* Zan Jiaxiang (昝家驤), basketball player and coach
# Thierry Jacquillat

Thierry Jacquillat (2 July 1938 in Versailles, France - 11 January 2010 in Anzère, Switzerland) was a French businessman who dedicated most of his career to the global wine and spirits group Pernod Ricard.

## Biography

He graduated from the École des Hautes Etudes Commerciales in Paris, after having studied at Cours Hattemer and Lycée Carnot.

### Pernod Ricard

At the age of 25, he was taken on board the family-run Pernod Fils through Jean Hémard, who at the time was President of the brand. Jacquillat started out as a management assistant, then becoming administrative director and finally secretary general. Placed in charge of the merger with the Ricard group in 1974, he contributed to the creation of Pernod Ricard consequent to which he became 'Directeur General' (CEO) from 1977 to 2000, then Director and Vice President until 2004.
Jacquillat helped transform a French family-run business with 1,100 employees into one of the top world leaders in wines and spirits, with nearly 15,000 employees and a presence in nearly 100 countries. At the time of his departure in 2004, he had additionally seen the company grow by over 5 billion euros in market capitalisation, and become the second wine and spirits company globally with the acquisition of Allied Domecq and brands such as Mumm, Perrier-Jouët, Ballantine's, Malibu and Beefeater.

### Nonprofits

In April 2002, Jacquillat was elected Chairman of the Greater Paris Investment Agency (also known as the Paris-île de France Capital Economique), a non-profit organisation dedicated to attracting investors to the Île-de-France region, working directly with the likes of Christine Lagarde. He also acted as the Vice President of the Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry until December 2004, being in charge of relations with large companies. Returning to his holiday home in Anzère, Switzerland, in 2008, Jacquillat founded and presided the Festival des Musique des Montagnes du Monde (MMM Festival). This festival aimed to unite music from different cultures and traditions, bringing light to the underlying wealth of cultural differences around music originating from mountains around the world.

### Death

Thierry Jacquillat died, aged 71, on 11 January 2010.

## Personal life

Jacquillat married Marie-Annick Waldruche de Montrémy in 1963, with which he had four children.
In 2005, after retiring, Jacquillat published a book called Fais vite, ne traîne pas en route, an autobiography recounting his adventures within the Pernod Ricard Group in great detail: it shows how Jacquillat managed to globalise the company in a span of forty years.
An aficionado of the arts, Thierry Jacquillat became president of the prestigious Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris-Alfred Cortot following the passing of his predecessor. He was made a Commandeur de la Légion d’honneur, an Officier of l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and has a Military Cross as officer in the French navy.
# List of governors of Halland County

This is a list of governors for Halland County of Sweden, from 1658 to present.
* Bengt Christoffersson Lilliehöök (1658–1665)
* Johan Hård af Segerstad (1665–1676)
* Göran Sperling (1676–1678)
* Sven Ranck (1678–1684)
* Gustaf Tungel (1684–1694)
* Hans von Dellingshausen (1698–1705)
* Reinhold Johan von Fersen (1695–1710)
* Axel von Faltzburg (1710–1728)
* Wilhelm Bennet (1728–1737)
* Claes Rålamb (1737–1745)
* Carl Mårten Fleetwood (1745–1750)
* Nils Bonde (1750)
* Hans Hummelhielm (1750–1761)
* Arvid Silfvershiöld (1761–1771)
* Olof von Nackreij (1771–1776)
* Salomon von Otter (1776–1781)
* Georg Gustaf Wrangel (1781–1793)
* Axel Eric Gyllenstierna (1793–1810)
* Gustaf Wilhelm Conradi (1810–1812)
* Josua Sylvander (1812–1818)
* Lars Arnell (1818–1823)
* Claes Virgin (1824–1844)
* Patrick Adolph Lewenhaupt (1844–1860)
* Carl Jonas Oscar Alströmer (1860–1876)
* F W Leijonancker (1876–1883)
* Carl Nordenfalk (1883–1902)
* Axel Asker (1902–1916)
* Carl Fredrik Hederstierna (1916–1920)
* Axel Mörner (1920–1935)
* Hilding Kjellman (1935–1943)
* Reimer Johansson (1943–1959)
* Ingvar Lindell (1959–1971)
* Yngve Holmberg (1972–1977)
* Carl Persson (1978–1979)
* Johannes Antonsson (1979–1986)
* Björn Molin (1986–1997)
* Karin Starrin (1997–2004)
* Lars-Erik Lövdén (2005–2014)
* Lena Sommestad (2014–2020)
* Jörgen Peters (acting; 2020–2020)
* Brittis Benzler (2020–2023)
* Anders Thornberg (2023-present)

## Footnotes

* ↑ The governor is often appointed for a six-year mandate. It can be extended if the person has not reached retirement age.
# Ruđa

Ruđa is a village in the municipality of Tutin, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 103 people.
# Ultimate Punishment

Ultimate Punishment: A Lawyer's Reflections on Dealing with the Death Penalty is a 2003 series of autobiographical reflections regarding the death penalty. It is written by Scott Turow and marks his return to non-fiction for the first time since One L in 1977.
Turow bases his opinions on his experiences as a prosecutor and, in his years after leaving the United States Attorney's Office in Chicago, working on behalf of death-row inmates, as well as his two years on Illinois's Commission on Capital Punishment, charged by then-Gov. George Ryan with reviewing the state's death penalty system. Turow, a self-described "death penalty agnostic," presents both sides of the death penalty debate and admits that over time he seems to change sides, depending on the argument. He finally concludes that "the pivotal question instead is whether a system of justice can be constructed that reaches on the rare, right cases, without also occasionally condemning the innocent or the undeserving," and reveals "[t]oday, I would still do as I did when Paul Simon asked whether Illinois should retain capital punishment. I voted no." (pp.114-115)
Turow's reflections include:
* Thoughts on victims' rights vs. community rights
* Whether execution is a deterrent
* The possible execution of an innocent person
* If not the death penalty, what to do with the worst offenders
He also visits a maximum security prison and meets multiple-murderer Henry Brisbon, who, Turow says, "most closely resembles... Hannibal Lecter".

## Reception

Ultimate Punishment received the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights 2004 Book award given annually to a novelist who "most faithfully and forcefully reflects Robert F. Kennedy's purposes - his concern for the poor and the powerless, his struggle for honest and even-handed justice, his conviction that a decent society must assure all young people a fair chance, and his faith that a free democracy can act to remedy disparities of power and opportunity." Kirkus Reviews described the book as "Well-presented, if dry and hardly original". Publishers Weekly said of the book that "The early chapters may confuse listeners ... but even so, this is a provocative, worthwhile listen".
Reviewing the book, The Independent newspaper in February 2004, Robert Verkaik said that Turow's "experiences as a young prosecutor and a death-row defence attorney have given him a unique insight into how the death penalty works in America" and further stated that "Although one always suspects Turow must be against the death penalty, he cleverly deploys the suspense of his fiction to raise doubts about his true position".
# USS Wave (SP-1706)

What would have been the third USS Wave (SP-1706) was a trawler the United States Navy considered for use as a minesweeper in 1917 and 1918 but which was never actually transferred to the Navy.
Wave was a fishing trawler built by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company at Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1912 or 1913. Owned by the Bay State Fishing Company, she was inspected by representatives of the Commandant, 1st Naval District, during the spring of 1917. The Navy ordered her delivered for World War I service in June 1917 and again in June 1918, and went so far as to assign her the classification SP-1706 and make plans for her conversion to a minesweeper and assignment to the 1st Naval District. However, the Navy did not actually take her over, and she remained in the hands of her owner and never saw naval service.
# Sir Joseph Hewitt, 1st Baronet

Colonel Sir Joseph Hewitt, 1st Baronet (14 October 1865 – 8 February 1923) was an English solicitor and coal mine owner.
Hewitt was born in humble circumstances, but qualified as a solicitor and later acquired substantial interests in the coal mining industry. He was an adviser to the Coal Controller during the First World War, and for these services he was knighted in 1919 and created a baronet in the 1921 New Year Honours.
He was commissioned into the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment, in 1900. He resigned his commission as a captain in the 5th Battalion in 1910. On the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 he was active in recruiting for Kitchener's Army, for example making a half-time speech at the match between Barnsley F.C. and Grimsby Town F.C. at Oakwell football ground on Saturday 19 September, which attracted numerous recruits. He was instrumental in raising two battalions of 'Barnsley Pals', and in September was given command of the 13th (Service) Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment (1st Barnsley) with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. After training the battalion he relinquished the command in November 1915 when he was graded medically unfit for overseas service, and joined the Coal Commission.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "No. 32178". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1920. p. 2.
* ↑ Cooksey, pp. 22, 33–8, 104.
# Randal MacDonnell

Randal MacDonnell or McDonnell may refer to:
* Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim (died 1636), son of Sorley Boy MacDonnell
* Randal MacDonnell, 1st Marquess of Antrim (1645 creation) (1609–1683), son of the 1st Earl of Antrim
* Randal MacDonnell, 1st Marquess of Antrim (1789 creation), Earl of Antrim
* Randal MacDonnell, 4th Earl of Antrim (1680–1721), Irish aristocrat
* Randal McDonnell, 8th Earl of Antrim (1911–1977), diplomat, activist, soldier and administrator from Northern Ireland
* Randal McDonnell, 10th Earl of Antrim (born 1967), Scottish landowner
# The Return of the Prodigal Son (Preti, Palazzo Reale)

The Return of the Prodigal Son is a c. 1658 oil on canvas painting by Mattia Preti, now in the Royal Palace of Naples.
Nothing certain is known about the canvas's early life, though it is known to have been in marquess Torlonia's collection until 1802, when it and thirty other paintings were acquired from that collection by Domenico Venuti, an emissary for the Sicilian Bourbons tasked with acquiring artworks for the royal collection. The thirty-eight also included two other Preti works, Christ Going to Calvary (now in the Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte in Naples) and Ecce Homo (now in the Musée Condé in Chantilly, France).
# Zavodskoy

Zavodskoy may refer to:
* Zavodskoy City District, Russia, name of several city districts in Russia
* Zavodskoy (inhabited locality), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
# Therlam

Therlam is a village in Vizianagaram district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, India.

## Demographics

Therlam Mandal has a population of 59,338 in 2001. Males consists of 29,745 and females 29,593 of the population. The average literacy rate is 48%. Male literacy rate is 62% and that of females 34%.

## Assembly constituency

Therlam was an Assembly constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India until 2008. List of Members of Legislative Assembly:
* 1978 - Vasireddi Varada Ramarao, Indian National Congress
* 1983 - Tentu Jaya Prakash, Telugu Desam Party]]
* 1985 - Tentu Jaya Prakash, Telugu Desam Party
* 1989 - Tentu Jaya Prakash, Telugu Desam Party
* 1994 - Tentu Jaya Prakash, Telugu Desam Party
* 1999 - Vasireddi Varada Ramarao, Indian National Congress
* 2004 - Tentu Jaya Prakash, Telugu Desam Party

## List of Panchayati president details

* 2014 Present panchayati vice president is Mr. Marrapu Shankar Rao from Chinnayyapeta

## List of Mandal president details

* 2021 Present MPP is Mrs. Narsupalli Uma lakshmi W/O N. Babji Rao from therlam
# S. elegans

S. elegans may refer to:
* Sagartia elegans, a sea anemone species found in coastal areas of northwest Europe
* Salvia elegans, the pineapple sage, a perennial shrub species native to Mexico and Guatemala
* Scyphocrinus elegans, an extinct crinoid species
* Securigera elegans, a plant species
* Sphaerodactylus elegans, a gecko native to Cuba
* Stachybotrys elegans, a mold species
* Staurogyne elegans, a plant species native of Cerrado vegetation of Brazil
* Steindachnerina elegans, a fish species found in rivers in Bahia and Minas Gerais, Brazil
* Stelis elegans Luer & R.Vásquez, an orchid species found in Ecuador and Bolivia
* Sphodromantis elegans, a praying mantis species found in Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and the Congo River region
* Sympycnus elegans, a fly species

## Synonyms

* Scaurus elegans, a synonym for Cephalostenus elegans, a beetle species found in Greece
* Stenodes elegans, a synonym for Cochylimorpha elegans, a moth species found in Iran
* Sterna elegans, a synonym for Thalasseus elegans, the elegant tern, a seabird species found on the Pacific coasts of the southern United States and Mexico and winters south to Peru, Ecuador and Chile
* Specklinia elegans or Stelis elegans (Kunth) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, synonyms for Stelis roseopunctata, an orchid species
* Spinosella elegans, a synonym for Callyspongia elegans, a demosponge species found in Indonesia
# Eduard Freudenheim

Eduard Freudenheim was a male Austrian international table tennis player.

## Table tennis career

He won a bronze medal at the 1926 World Table Tennis Championships in the mixed doubles with Gertrude Wildam and a silver medal in the team event.
Freudenheim was a member of the Vienna Association Vienna Athletic Club. He became national Austrian champion in singles in 1925 and 1926. In 1928 he relocated to Poland for two years for professional reasons.
# Ukrainian Agency of Copyright and Related Rights

Ukrainian Agency of Copyright and Related Rights (UACRR) is a collective rights management organization in Ukraine. UACRR administers public performance rights, mechanical recording and reproduction rights, and dramatic rights.
# USS Wave (1863)

USS Wave was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways until she was herself captured by Confederate forces.

## Argosy No. 2 constructed in Pennsylvania, renamed Wave

Argosy No. 2, a sidewheel steamboat built in 1863 at Monongahela, Pennsylvania, was acquired by the Navy on 14 November 1863, renamed Wave, and converted to a "tinclad" gunboat.

## Assigned to the West Gulf Blockade

Early in 1864, she was assigned to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron and took up her initial station off New Orleans, Louisiana.

### Participating in the Calcasieu River expedition

On 15 April, she received orders to shift to Calcasieu Pass at the mouth of the Calcasieu River in southwestern Louisiana. She arrived there on 24 April and entered the mouth of the river in company with USS Granite City to collect Confederate renegades for service in the Navy and to round up all the arms, saddles, and harness in the area that could be utilized for military purposes by the Confederacy.

### Under attack, Wave and Granite City captured by Confederates

At daybreak on 6 May, while riding at anchor in the river, the two ships were surprised by the entire Sabine Pass garrison. Granite City surrendered about 45 minutes later, but Wave fought on for another 45 minutes until, her engines and moveable guns disabled and eight of her crew wounded, she found herself unable to continue the struggle. Accordingly, her crew destroyed documents and materiel on board, and her commanding officer surrendered Wave to the Southerners.

## In service as a cargo ship by the Confederates

The Confederates employed the vessel as a cargo steamer. Her ultimate disposition is unknown, but she was probably destroyed by retreating Confederate forces.
# Sir Joseph Hoare, 1st Baronet

Sir Joseph Hoare, 1st Baronet (25 December 1707 – 24 December 1801) was an Anglo-Irish politician.
Hoare was the son of Edward Hoare, the Member of Parliament for Cork, and Grace Burton. His family had settled in Ireland during the early part of the seventeenth century and became prosperous merchants and bankers, who founded Hoare's Bank.
Hoare was educated in law and practised as a barrister in Ireland. He was elected to the Irish House of Commons as the MP for Askeaton in 1761. He held the office for an unusually long period of time, sitting until 1800, when the seat was disenfranchised following the Acts of Union 1800 when the Parliament of Ireland was dissolved. He was created a baronet, of Annabella in the Baronetage of Ireland on 10 December 1784. He passionately opposed the union between the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain and spoke at length against it in the House of Commons, despite being ninety years old at the time. He died shortly thereafter.
He married Catherine Somerville, the daughter of Sir James Somerville, 1st Baronet. Together they had four children. He was succeeded by his only son, Edward.
# Stone School

Stone School may refer to:
* Stone School (LeClaire, Iowa), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Scott County, Iowa
* Stone School (Ann Arbor, Michigan), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Washtenaw County, Michigan
* Stone School (Newmarket, New Hampshire), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Rockingham County, New Hampshire
# The Return of the Prodigal Son (Murillo)

The Return of the Prodigal Son is a c. 1667-1670 oil on canvas painting by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., to which it was given by the Avalon Foundation in 1948.
The work is one of eight paintings commissioned for Seville's Hermandad de la Caridad, to which the artist himself belonged and one of whose commandments was to clothe the naked. Four of those eight works remain in Seville (The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes, Moses at the Rock of Horeb, Saint Elizabeth of Hungary and Saint John of God Carrying a Sick Man), whereas the Washington work and the other three were looted by Napoleon's army in 1810 (The Healing of the Paralytic, National Gallery, London; Abraham Receiving the Three Angels, National Gallery of Canada; The Liberation of Saint Peter, Hermitage Museum).
# Zeno (surname)

Zeno is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ana María Zeno (1922–2011), Argentine professor and gynaecologist
* Antonio Zeno (1326–1402), Venetian navigator
* Antonio Zeno (bishop) (died 1530), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
* Apostolo Zeno (1669–1750), Italian poet
* Carlo Zeno (1333–1418), Venetian admiral
* Giovanni Battista Zeno (1440–1501), Venetian cardinal
* Jacob Zeno, American football player
* Joseph Zenon (1900–1968), American musician
* Marco Zeno (1585–1641), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
* Mohamed Al Zeno (born 1983), Syrian footballer
* Muhammad bin Jamil Zeno (1922–2010), Syrian islamicist
* Nicolò Zeno (fl. 1558), Venetian cartographer
* Nicolò Zeno (died 1403), Venetian navigator
* Pietro Zeno (died 1427), Venetian lord of Andros and Syros
* Reniero Zeno (fl. 1240–1268), Doge of Venice
* Thierry Zéno (1950–2017), Belgian filmmaker
* Tony Zeno (born 1957), American basketball player
# S. erectum

S. erectum may refer to:
* Satyrium erectum, an orchid species endemic to southwestern and western Cape Province
* Sparganium erectum, a perennial plant species
# Stanley Nii Adjiri Blankson

Stanley Nii Adjiri Blankson is a Ghanaian politician and former mayor of the city of Accra. His mayoral term ended in January 2009 when he was replaced by Alfred Oko Vanderpuije. Since February 2017 he has been a member of Ghana's Council of State.

## Mayor of Accra

In February 2004 President John Agyekum Kufour named Blankson as the only candidate to contest the seat for Mayor of Accra. The election was conducted on the 25 February 2004 by the Electoral Commission of Ghana for the 102 assembly members to agree or disagree with the president's choice. At the end of voting, he obtained 80 votes which was 78% of valid votes cast.
He succeeded Solomon Adjei Darko, whose term as mayor was not renewed by the president. In his acceptance speech, Blankson promised to improve revenue collection and sanitation with the view of transforming Accra into a world-class city. He asked assembly members to work devoid of political affiliation in order to achieve their targets. Sheikh Ibrahim Cudjoe Quaye, the then Greater Accra Regional Minister who had acted as mayor, officially handed over the affairs of the Accra Metropolitan Assembly to Blankson with the expression of confidence in him alluding to the fact that: "the mayor was a disciplined, committed and dedicated man".
As mayor of Accra, Blankson embarked on decongestion exercises in various parts of the city to aid in the smooth flow of human and vehicular traffic. He also worked with commercial drivers to improve the general commuting experience by admonishing them to take their personal hygiene and city sanitation seriously.
Blankson served as mayor from February 2004 to January 2009, when the National Democratic Congress led by Professor John Evans Atta Mills came into power. Alfred Vanderpuije was appointed in his place.

## Council of State

In February 2017 President Nana Akuffo-Addo appointed Blankson as a member of the Council of state of Ghana. Blankson did not have to contest council elections since the President of Ghana has the right to appoint eleven people of his choice to the council. The other members of the council did have to contest regional elections to be elected to the council.

## Personal life

Blankson is married to Madam Florence Okai-Blankson.
# Ukrainian political crisis

Ukrainian political crisis may refer to:
* 2000–2001 Ukrainian political crisis (Cassette Scandal)
* 2004–2005 Ukrainian political crisis (Orange Revolution)
* 2006 Ukrainian political crisis
* 2007 Ukrainian political crisis
* 2008 Ukrainian political crisis
* 2013–2014 Ukrainian political crisis (Revolution of Dignity)
* 2020–2022 Ukrainian constitutional crisis