OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thai spelling reform of 1942

The Thai spelling reform of 1942 was initiated by the government of Prime Minister Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram. The prime minister's office announced a simplification of the Thai alphabet on 29 May 1942. The announcement was published in the Royal Gazette on 1 June 1942. The reform was cancelled by the government of Khuang Aphaiwong on 2 August 1944. Following the November 1947 coup, Phibunsongkhram became prime minister for a second time, but did not revive the Thai language reform.

## Proposed simplification of the Thai writing system

A significant amount of redundancy of the Thai writing system was retained, in contrast to the simplification undertaken within the Lao language. The changes to simplify Thai spelling were:
* All of วรรค ฎ (i.e., ฎ ฏ ฐ ฑ ฒ ณ), the section of the alphabet corresponding to the Indic retroflex consonants, is gone, being replaced by their corresponding dental consonants วรรค ด (ด ต ถ ท ธ น) /d t tʰ n/.
* For /aj/, the vowel ใ, used in twenty specific words, is uniformly replaced with ไ.
* ญ is replaced with ย /j/ in initial position (e.g., ใหญ่ > ไหย่), but retained in final position as /n/ without its "base" (ฐาน).
* Of the three high /s/ consonants, ศ ษ ส, only ส is retained (e.g., ศึกษา > สึกสา).
* Initial /s/ cluster ทร is replaced by ซ (e.g., กระทรวง > กะซวง).
* Leading ho ห, which typically combines with low-class consonants to make high-class consonants, replaces the leading o อ in these four words อยาก อย่า อย่าง อยู่ (หยาก หย่า หย่าง หยู่).
* Many silent consonants that do not add to the pronunciation are eliminated (e.g., จริง > จิง, ศาสตร์ > สาตร).
* Some clusters are reduced (e.g., กระทรวง > กะซวง).
# Śliwiński

Śliwiński (feminine: Śliwińska; plural: Śliwińscy) is a Polish surname. It comes from toponyms derived from the noun śliwa ("plum"). It may refer to:
* Andrzej Śliwiński (1939–2009), Polish Catholic bishop
* Arsen Śliwiński (born 1996), Polish sprint canoeist
* Artur Śliwiński (1877–1953), Prime Minister of Poland
* Edyta Śliwińska (born 1981), Polish ballroom dancer
* Jeanette Sliwinski (born 1982), American model
* Józef Śliwiński (1865–1930), Polish classical pianist
* Michał Śliwiński (born 1970), Ukrainian-Polish sprint canoeist
* Renata Śliwińska (born 1996), Polish Paralympic athlete
# Śliwka

Śliwka is a Polish surname meaning "plum". Notable people include:
* Aleksander Śliwka (born 1995), Polish volleyball player
* Karol Śliwka (1894-1943), Polish communist politician
* Maria Śliwka (1935-1997), Polish volleyball player
# List of Fenerbahçe S.K. football captains

This is a list of all captains of Fenerbahçe, including honours.

## Captains

| Period | Name | Trophies |
| 1907–1908 | Necip Okaner | |
| 1908–1924 | Galip Kulaksızoğlu | Istanbul Football League (5) |
| 1924–1933 | Zeki Rıza Sporel | Istanbul Football League (2), Istanbul Shield |
| 1933–1942 | Fikret Arıcan | Turkish Football Championship (2), Istanbul Football League (2), Istanbul Shield (3), National League (2) |
| 1942–1951 | Cihat Arman | Chancellor Cup (3), Turkish Football Championship, Istanbul Football League (3), Istanbul Football Cup, National League (4) |
| 1951–1956 | Fikret Kırcan | Istanbul Football League |
| 1956–1963 | Naci Erdem | Istanbul Football League (2), Turkish Super League (2) |
| 1963–1968 | Şeref Has | Turkish Super League (3), Turkish Cup, Balkans Cup, Atatürk Cup, President Cup, Spor-Toto Cup |
| 1968–1970 | Can Bartu | Turkish Super League, TSYD Cup |
| 1970–1975 | Ziya Şengül | Turkish Super League (2), Turkish Cup, President Cup (2), Chancellor Cup, TSYD Cup (2) |
| 1975–1980 | Cemil Turan | Turkish Super League, Turkish Cup, Chancellor Cup, TSYD Cup (4) |
| 1980–1983 | Alpaslan Eratlı | Turkish Super League, Turkish Cup, TSYD Cup, Fleet Cup (2) |
| 1983–1985 | Cem Pamiroğlu | Turkish Super League, President Cup (2), TSYD Cup, Fleet Cup (2) |
| 1985–1987 | Müjdat Yetkiner | TSYD Cup |
| 1987–1988 | Şenol Çorlu | Chancellor Cup |
| 1988–1991 | Toni Schumacher | Turkish Super League, President Cup |
| 1991–1992 | Rıdvan Dilmen | Chancellor Cup |
| 1992–1993 | Müjdat Yetkiner | |
| 1993–1996 | Oğuz Çetin | Turkish Super League, TSYD Cup (2) |
| 1996–2000 | Rüştü Reçber | Atatürk Cup, Chancellor Cup |
| 2000–2003 | Ogün Temizkanoğlu | Turkish Super League |
| 2003–2007 | Ümit Özat | Turkish Super League (3) |
| 2007–2012 | Alex | Turkish Super League, Turkish Cup, Turkish Super Cup (2) |
| 2012–2013 | Volkan Demirel | Turkish Cup |
| 2013–2015 | Emre Belözoğlu | Turkish Super League, Turkish Super Cup |
| 2015–2019 | Volkan Demirel | |
| 2019–2020 | Emre Belözoğlu | |
| 2020–2021 | Gökhan Gönül | |
| 2021–2022 | Mesut Özil | |
| 2022–2023 | Altay Bayındır | Turkish Cup |
| 2023– | Edin Džeko | |
# David J. Thomson

David J. Thomson is a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Queen's University in Ontario and a Canada Research Chair in statistics and signal processing, formerly a member of the technical staff at Bell Labs. He is a professional engineer in the province of Ontario, a fellow of the IEEE and a chartered statistician. He holds memberships of the Royal Statistical Society, the American Statistical Association, the Statistical Society of Canada and the American Geophysical Union and, in 2009, received a Killam Research Fellowship (administered through the Canada Council for the Arts). In 2010, he was made a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2013, he was awarded the Statistical Society of Canada impact award.
He is best known for creation of the multitaper method of spectral estimation, first published in complete form in 1982 in a special issue of Proceedings of the IEEE. Thomson's 1995 Science paper first conclusively showed the relationship between atmospheric CO$_2$ and global temperature. Thomson and Bell Labs colleagues Carol G. Maclennan and Louis J. Lanzerotti authored a 1995 Nature paper in which they showed evidence that the magnetic signatures of the Sun's normal modes permeate the interplanetary magnetic field as far as Jupiter. He has written over 100 other peer-reviewed journal articles in the fields of statistics, space physics, climatology and paleoclimatology, and seismology.

## Career

Thomson joined the Technical Staff at Bell Labs in 1965, where he was assigned to work on the WT4 Millimeter Waveguide System and the Advanced Mobile Phone Service project. In 1983, he was reassigned to the Communications Analysis Research Department where he remained as a Distinguished Member until his retirement in 2001. During this time, he was
* a Member of the Panel on Sensors and Electron Devices of the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board
* chairman of Commission C of USNC-URSI
* associate editor for Radio Science
* associate editor for Communications Theory and for Detection and Estimation of the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
* adjunct professor in the Graduate Department of Scripps Institution of Oceanography
* consulted at the Neurological Institute of Columbia University
* visiting professor at Princeton University (statistical inference)
* visiting professor at Stanford University (time series)
* guest lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (the Houghton lectures)
* participant at the Isaac Newton Institute at the University of Cambridge
On retirement from Bell Labs, Thomson took a Canada Research Chair at Queen's University at Kingston, where he has remained to this date.
# Kiev class

Kiev class may refer to:
* Kiev-class aircraft carrier (Project 1143 Krechyet) Soviet battlecruiser fixed-wing aircraft carrier class
* Kiev-class destroyer (Project 48) Soviet destroyer leader class cancelled due to WWII
# Livramento de Nossa Senhora

Livramento de Nossa Senhora is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil.

## Historic structures

Casa da Lagoa is a protected historic structure to the east of the city center of Livramento. It was built by José de Aquino Tanajura (1831—1918), a physician and state senator, in the middle of the 19th century.
# Temple of Quirinus

The Temple of Quirinus (Latin: Aedes Quirinus or Templum Quirinus) was an ancient Roman temple built on the western half of the Quirinal Hill near the Capitolium Vetus, on a site which now equates to the junction between Via del Quirinale and Via delle Quattro Fontane, beside Piazza Barberini. Domitian later built the Temple of the gens Flavia nearby.
According to ancient authors, the temple of Quirinus was built and dedicated to Quirinus (the deified form of Romulus) by the consul Lucius Papirius Cursor in 293 BC.
Work was done on the temple in the early imperial period, and literary references are found until the 4th century AD.
Fieldwork conducted by Andrea Carandini employed ground penetrating radar on the Quirinal Hill, revealing possible remains of the temple.
# Whysall Lane (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The A.V. Club | B− |
| Under the Radar | |
Whysall Lane is the eponymous debut album by Whysall Lane. The album was recorded by Jerry diRienzo at Hot Pie studios in California between 2002 and 2005.
The album was recorded using predominantly electric instruments and is reminiscent of lead singer Richard Baluyut's old band Versus. "During the Mutiny" was originally released in a different version on a 2002 split single with +/-. "Theme" dates from 1999, when it was first performed live.
The CD version of the album contains a hidden track "Little Moon" in the pregap of "Not a Fool". "Little Moon" can only be accessed by rewinding past the start of the first track. The running order listed on the CD cover is incorrect, and the track listing below follows the running order of the actual CD.

## Track listing

* "Not a Fool" – 4:06
* "Half Life" – 4:33
* "Time Machine" – 5:00
* "The Way Back" – 3:59
* "Pillows " – 4:01
* "Wither Without You" – 5:38
* "During the Mutiny" – 4:50
* "Watts" – 6:08
* "Theme " – 4:35
* "High Heels " – 5:53

## Personnel

* Richard Baluyut – guitar, vocals
* Mikel Delgado – bass, vocals
* Adam Pfahler – drums
* Jerry diRienzo – lead guitar, slide guitar
* James Baluyut – string arrangements, backing vocals
* Ric Quaglia – loops
# Second Battle of Clusium

The Second Battle of Clusium took place during Sulla's Second Civil War. Forces under the future triumvir Pompey defeated a 30,000 strong force under Carrinas, Brutus Damasippus and Marcius Censorinus, killing 20,000 of them. After the battle the defeated army largely dissolved, with many soldiers going home. All three defeated commanders escaped and took their remaining forces to the Samnites, who had declared for them.
# Rudkowski

Rudkowski (feminine: Rudkowska; plural: Rudkowscy) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mateusz Rudkowski (c. 1809 — c. 1887), Ukrainian-Polish composer
* Wiesław Rudkowski (1946–2016), Polish boxer

## Related surnames

| Language | Masculine | Feminine |
| Polish | Rudkowski | Rudkowska |
| Belarusian (Romanization) | Рудкоўскі (Rudkoŭski, Rudkowski) | Рудкоўская (Rudkouskaya, Rudkoŭskaja, Rudkowskaya) |
| Czech/Slovak | Rudkovský | Rudkovská |
| Latvian | Rudkovskis | |
| Lithuanian | Rudkauskas | Rudkauskienė (married) Rudkauskaitė (unmarried) |
| Romanian/Moldovan | Rudcovschi, Rudcovschii | |
| Russian (Romanization) | Рудковский (Rudkovskiy, Rudkovskii, Rudkovskij, Rudkovsky, Rudkovski) | Рудковская (Rudkovskaya, Rudkovskaia, Rudkovskaja) |
| Ukrainian (Romanization) | Рудковський (Rudkovskyi, Rudkovskyy, Rudkovskyj, Rudkovsky) | Рудковська (Rudkovska) |
| Other | Rudkowsky, Rudkofsky | |
# Sarawak dollar

The dollar was the currency of the Raj of Sarawak from 1858 to 1953. It was subdivided into 100 cents. The dollar remained at par with the Straits dollar and its successor the Malayan dollar, the currency of Malaya and Singapore, from its introduction until both currencies were replaced by the Malaya and British Borneo dollar in 1953.
During the Japanese occupation period (1942–1945), paper money was issued in denominations ranging from 1 cent to 1,000 dollars. This currency was fixed at 1 dollar = 1 Japanese yen, compared to a 1:2 pre-war rate. Following the war, the Japanese occupation currency was declared worthless and the previous issues of the Sarawakian dollar regained their value relative to sterling (two shillings four pence).

## Coins

All Sarawak coins carry the portrait and the name of one of the three "White Rajahs" of Sarawak, James Brooke until 1868, Charles Brooke from 1868 to 1917, and Charles Vyner Brooke from 1917 to the end of this currency in 1938. Throughout the history of the Sarawak dollar, coins were minted in values of 1⁄4 cent, 1⁄2 cent, 1 cent, 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents, and 50 cents. The copper 1⁄4 was the smallest denomination and the first to be discontinued, last being issued in 1896. The 1⁄2 was also always copper and after reductions in size was eventually discontinued in 1933. Starting in 1892 1 cent coins had a hole in the centre, but the holed design was discontinued after 1897.
In 1920 the 1 cent coin was struck in copper-nickel but later reverted to bronze in 1927. The 5 and 10 cent coins were 80% silver until 1920, when they were briefly reduced to 40% silver and then replaced by copper-nickel the same year. The 20 and 50 cent coins remained silver but in 1920 were reduced from 80% to 40%.

## Banknotes

The first series was issued by the Sarawak Government Treasury. They were hand-stamped notes of low quality. All later notes were issued by the Government of Sarawak except for the 10-cent and 25-cent notes in 1919 (by the Treasury again). Throughout its history, banknotes came in the values of 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents, 25 cents, 50 cents, $1, $5, $10, $25, $50, and $100.
# Sarawak surili

The Sarawak surili, Bornean banded langur, or cross-marked langur (Presbytis chrysomelas) is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to the southeast Asian island of Borneo, where it is distributed north of the Kapuas River in Kalimantan, Indonesia, the Malaysia states of Sarawak and Sabah, and in Brunei. Its taxonomy is complex and disputed, and it has been considered a subspecies of P. femoralis or P. melalophos. The Sarawak surili was formerly considered common, but has declined drastically due to persecution and habitat loss, and as of 2015 is only known from five sites with a combined population of 200–500 individuals. Consequently, it is believed to be one of the rarest primates in the world, and has been rated as critically endangered by IUCN.
# Sarcohyla miahuatlanensis

Sarcohyla miahuatlanensis, or the Sierra Miahuatlan spikethumb frog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Mexico and only known from its type locality near Candelaria Loxicha on the Sierra de Miahuatlán (part of Sierra Madre del Sur) in Oaxaca.

## Taxonomy

It is similar to Sarcohyla cembra and Sarcohyla sabrina.

## Description

The holotype, and the only known specimen, is a female that measured 42.5 mm (1.67 in) in snout–vent length. The coloration is distinctive: the dorsum is dark green, hidden surfaces are dark brown, flanks are yellow flanks, and canthal mask and lateral reticulations are dark brown. There is a yellow stripe that separates the dorsal from the ventral coloration on the limbs and above the cloaca. The fingers and toes are long and have large ovoid discs; webbing between the fingers is vestigial and slightly more developed between the toes.

## Habitat and conservation

The species' habitat is mesic pine-oak forest; a single female frog was found in late afternoon, inactive between the leaves of an arboreal bromeliad at 2,550 m (8,370 ft) above sea level. Other amphibians found at the locality were salamanders Craugastor mexicanus and Bolitoglossa oaxacensis and frogs of the Exerodonta sumichrasti group.
The area of type locality was covered with relatively intact forest at the time the holotype was collected in 2001. However, many slopes of the Sierra de Miahuatlan have been at least partially cleared for agriculture.
# Sarcohyla pachyderma

Sarcohyla pachyderma is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. Scientists know it from a single stream on the eastern side of the Sierra Madre mountains in Veracruz, 1600 meters above sea level.
Scientists believe this frog to be "critically endangered, possibly extinct," with no more than fifty adult frogs alive as of the 2019 IUCN assessment. No individuals have been formally observed since 1940.
# Sarıkaya, Midyat

Sarıkaya or Haldeh is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Arabs and had a population of 393 in 2021.
# Sara Gambai people

Sara Gambai is an ethnic group in Chad and Sudan. They speak Ngambay, a Nilo-Saharan language. It is a trade language. It is the largest of the Sara languages, also classified as one single language. Most are non-Muslim. The population of this ethnicity in Chad possibly exceeds 1,000,000.
Sara people is an ethnic minority within Chad, of which Sara Gambai is part. Other subgroups of the Sara include the Sar, Mbay, Kaba, Gulay and Dai. The Sara Gambai people live in Southern parts of Chad.
# Sarcodon portoricensis

Sarcodon portoricensis is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in Puerto Rico, where it grows on clay soils of low-elevation wet forests, it was described as new to science in 2015.
# Sarcodon quietus

Sarcodon quietus is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in the Congo, it was described as new to science in 1967 by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus.
# Sarcodon quercinofibulatus

Sarcodon quercinofibulatus is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in Spain, where it grows under Quercus petraea, it was described as new to science in 2011. The thick, fleshy caps of its fruit bodies are up to 14 cm (5.5 in) in diameter. The cap cuticle breaks up in age into concentric brown scales, revealing the cream-coloured brown flesh underneath. Spines on the underside of the cap are 5–8 mm long. They are initially cream, but become gray to grayish-brown in maturity. Application of a solution of potassium hydroxide turns the flesh grayish-green. The spores of S. quercinofibulatus are spherical, or nearly so, and typically measure 6.5–7.4 by 5.4–6.4 μm.
# Satta Panchayat Iyakkam

Satta panchayat Iyakkam (SPI) is a social organisation founded in 2013 in Chennai, India, which campaigns against corruption and in favour of liquor prohibition.

## History

SPI runs a call centre to help the people of Tamil Nadu obtain Government services without corruption and bribery. The SPI call centre also provides assistance and advice related to government procedures. SPI handled over 100,000 calls from 2019 to 2021. Every Saturday, the members meet for a camp organized by the organization where retired government officials and lawyers offer administrative and legal assistance, steered by the Treasurer, Srinivasan, and a retired Deputy Collector.
SPI filed a PIL to force Village Administrative Officers (VAOs) to remain in their villages and serve the people, rather than visiting only occasionally. The Chennai High court made it mandatory for all VAOs to stay in their respective villages, though many did not comply with this ruling. SPI continues to campaign on this issue, and filed a PIL to enact the "Right to Services Act" to ensure time-bound service delivery from government officials.
SPI has been campaigning against liquor since its formation, via public outreach and the organization of protests in front of liquor shops.
"Urimai Kural" is a program run by the organization to educate citizens about their rights and be able to file RTI.
Executives Senthil Arumugam, Siva Elango and Jai Ganesh lead SPI activities as full-time staff. SPI wings include Research, Technical, Design, Women, and Student wings to enable the organisation's functioning. SPI has a significant presence in Chennai, Madurai, Nellai, Erode, and Villupuram districts.
# Sarthala

Sarthala is a village located in Bari Sadri of Chittaurgarh district, Rajasthan.

## Geography

Sarthala is located close to Bari Sadri, which is located at 24°25′N 74°28′E﻿ / ﻿24.42°N 74.47°E﻿ / 24.42; 74.47. It has an average elevation of 279 m (915 ft).

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Sarthala had a population of 1374, of which 704 are males while 670 are females as per Population Census 2011. Sarthala has the highest population of Menariya caste. Apart from the Menariya, peoples from Rajput Gayari, Meghwal and Salvi communities also live in the village.

## Economy

The main business of the villagers is agriculture. The region is near a national park of Sitamata Abhyaran.
# Sasale

Sasale is a village in Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra, India. It has many mango, jackfruit and cashew-nut trees. Sasale is situated near Rajapur Road railway station, located around 5 km away. Its population is 1000. The closest town is Rajapur, located 10 km away.
Ganapati and Shimga are the biggest festivals celebrated in Sasale.
# Sawanga

Sawanga is a village located 87 kilometre west of Nagpur in the Nagpur district and in the Narkhed Taluka of Vidarbha region in Maharashtra, India. It is 810 kilometres (500 mi) from Mumbai. Lohari Sawanga is bordered by Karanja Ghadge Taluka to the South, Warud Taluka to the west, Katol Taluka to the east, and Pandhurna Taluka of Madhya Pradesh to the north. The primary language of the village is Marathi. The closest railway station are Mowad Railway Station, Katol railway station and Narkher Junction railway station. State Highway 245 of Maharashtra passes from Lohari Sawanga.
Lohari Sawanga comes under Katol Vidhan Sabha Constituency and Ramtek Lok Sabha Constituency .
# Sawangan, Sulawesi

Sawangan in a village in North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is known for the waruga archaeological park sarcophagi found in the area. Sawangan is located in Airmadidi, North Minahasa Regency province of North Sulawesi. There are also plantations and rice fields. It borders the villages of Airmadidi Down and Rap-Rap.
# Schistura ephelis

Schistura ephelis is a species of ray-finned fish in the largest genus of stone loaches, Schistura. It is known only from the drainage basin of the Nam Ngum in Laos where it has been collected from among stones in riffles.
# Saylee Swen

Saylee Swen (born February 29, 1984) is a Liberian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper mainly for LPRC Oilers. He was also a member of the Liberia national team.
# Sayles

Sayles is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bill Sayles (1917–1996), American baseball player
* Charlie Sayles (born 1948), American Chicago blues harmonicist, singer and songwriter
* Emanuel Sayles (1907–1986), American musician
* G. O. Sayles (1901–1994), English historian
* George Sayles (1899–1971), English professional footballer and cricketer
* Irving Sayles (1872–1914), American entertainer
* John Sayles (born 1950), American director