OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Digital radio frequency memory

Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) is an electronic method for digitally capturing and retransmitting RF signals. DRFM systems are typically used in radar jamming, although applications in cellular communications are becoming more common.

## Overview

A DRFM system is designed to digitize an incoming RF input signal at a frequency and bandwidth necessary to adequately represent the signal, then reconstruct that RF signal when required. The most significant aspect of DRFM is that as a digital "duplicate" of the received signal, it is coherent with the source of the received signal. As opposed to analog "memory loops", there is no signal degradation caused by continuously cycling the energy through a front-end amplifier which allows for greater range errors for reactive jamming and allows for predictive jamming. A DRFM system may modify the signal prior to retransmitting which can alter the signature of the false target; adjusting its apparent radar cross section, range, velocity, and angle. DRFMs present a significant obstacle for radar sensors.

## History

The earliest reference to a digital means of storage of RF pulse signals is an article in the Jan/Feb 1975 issue of Electronic Warfare, a publication of the Association of Old Crows, written by Sheldon C. Spector, entitled "A Coherent Microwave Memory Using Digital Storage: The Loopless Memory Loop".

## Examples
### Jamming

An example of the application of DRFM in jammers: The DRFM digitizes the received signal and stores a coherent copy in digital memory. As needed, the signal is replicated and retransmitted. Being a coherent representation of the original signal, the transmitting radar will not be able to distinguish it from other legitimate signals it receives and processes as targets. As the signal is stored in memory, it can be used to create false targets both behind (reactive jamming) and ahead of (predictive jamming) the target intended for protection. Slight variations in frequency can be made to create Doppler (velocity) errors in the victim receiver as well. DRFM can also be used to create distorted phase-fronts at the victim receive antenna which is essential for countering monopulse radar angular measurement techniques.

### Telecommunications
## Use in hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation

Since a DRFM system is designed to create a false target to a radar system, this technology can be employed to perform hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is an aid to the development of new radar systems, which allows for testing and evaluation of the radar system earlier in the design cycle. This type of testing reduces the cost of development, for example, expensive initial flight trials for airborne radars can now be moved to the laboratory. The radar can be tested either through direct coupling, or through air coupling with antennas. Testing the radar in a closed loop HWIL environment with a DRFM allows test case scenarios to be simulated that covers a larger number of test parameters than would be possible in open-air test ranges.
# Dimma (band)

Dimma is an Icelandic rock / metal band based in Reykjavík that has released six studio albums.

## Members

The band is made up of four members:
* Stefán Jakobsson - Vocals
* Ingó Geirdal - Guitar
* Egill Örn Rafnsson - Drums
* Silli Geirdal - Bass

### Former members

* Hjalti Ómar Ágústsson - Vocals
* Birgir Jónsson - Drums

## Discography
### Albums

* 2005: Dimma
* 2008: Stigmata
* 2012: Myrkraverk
* 2014: Vélráð
* 2017: Eldraunir
* 2021: Þögn

#### Live albums

* 2013: Myrkraverk í Hörpu
* 2015: "Guði gleymdir"

### Singles

* 2014: "Ljósbrá"
* 2014: "Vélráð"
* 2014: "Ég brenn"
# Luthela

Luthela is a genus of spiders in the family Heptathelidae, found in China.

## Taxonomy

The genus Luthela was erected in 2022 with the type species Luthela yiyuan. Five further new species were described. The species Heptathela sinensis had been described in 1932 based on a female specimen, and transferred to the new genus Sinothela in 2003 based on a male specimen that cannot be confidently matched to the female, so the authors of Luthela regard both Sinothela sinensis and Sinothela to be nomina dubia (dubious names). Accordingly, two species that had been placed in Sinothela were transferred to Luthela. Three further new species were added to the genus in 2023.

### Species

As of April 2024, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following extant species:
* Luthela asuka Wei & Lin, 2023 – China
* Luthela badong Xu, Yu, Liu & Li, 2022 – China
* Luthela beijing Wei & Lin, 2023 – China
* Luthela dengfeng Xu, Yu, Liu & Li, 2022 – China
* Luthela handan Xu, Yu, Liu & Li, 2022 – China
* Luthela kagami Wei & Lin, 2023 – China
* Luthela luotianensis (Yin, Tang, Zhao & Chen, 2002) – China
* Luthela schensiensis (Schenkel, 1953) – China
* Luthela taian Xu, Yu, Liu & Li, 2022 – China
* Luthela yiyuan Xu, Yu, Liu & Li, 2022 (type species) – China
* Luthela yuncheng Xu, Yu, Liu & Li, 2022 – China
# Silk and Salt Melodies

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
| The Guardian | |
Silk and Salt Melodies is a jazz album by the Louis Sclavis Quartet recorded March 2014 and released on ECM August later that year. The quartet features Gilles Coronado on guitars, Benjamin Moussay on keys, and Keyvan Chemirani on percussion.

## Reception

Karl Ackermann in All About Jazz gave a four and a half star review saying, "Putting Silk and Salt Melodies in the context of Sclavis' larger body of work is somewhat irrelevant; he builds, incorporates and moves on. It's a good philosophy for listening as well."
The Guardian awarded the album four stars, with John Fordham saying, "The Frenchman [Louis Sclavis] is one of the most consistently satisfying, yet surprising jazz-driven composer-players in Europe.... The playing is terrific, but—as so often with Sclavis—the themes are even better."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Louis Sclavis

## Personnel
### Louis Sclavis Quartet

* Louis Sclavis – clarinet
* Gilles Coronado – guitar
* Benjamin Moussay – piano, keyboard
* Keyvan Chemirani – percussion
# Silk Willoughby

Silk Willoughby is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 299. It is situated 2 miles (3 km) south from Sleaford.
There are a number of council and rented properties within the village in addition to owner-occupied housing, both old and new. There are several listed buildings including a Manor House and a former rectory.
The parish of Silk Willoughby comprises approximately 2,500 acres (10 km$^2$) of arable and grazing land. The ecclesiastical parish is part of the benefice of Quarrington and Old Sleaford.
The parish church is dedicated to St Denis. The modern diocesan records use the name "St Denis"' for the church, but the National Monuments Record shows it as "St Denys". St Denis or Denys are alternative spellings for the same person. The nearby church in Sleaford uses the Denys spelling.
Several air accidents have occurred in the parish. On 4 June 1944, a B-24 crashed in a field after being abandoned mid-air and on 7 June 1962, a Hawker Hunter T7 stalled and crashed, killing both crew.
Silk Willoughby won the Best Kept Village award in 2007 and 2013.

## Landmarks

The former village of Silkby lies within the parish.
'Butt Mound' and 'Folk Moot' are names given to two bowl barrows to the west of St Deny's church. Years of agriculture have reduced them somewhat.
The shaft of a medieval wayside cross, dedicated to St Matthew stands on a modern base in what is believed to be the original location, now the corner of School Lane.
The church of St Denis was built in the 12th century in Decorated style, and extended in the 14th in Perpendicular. It was extensively restored in the early 20th century.

## Notable people

Griffin Money, who served as a Nationalist Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1917 to 1924, was born in the village in 1865.
# Digraph

Digraph, often misspelled as diagraph, may refer to:
* Digraph (orthography), a pair of characters used together to represent a single sound, such as "nq" in Hmong RPA
* Ligature (writing), the joining of two letters as a single glyph, such as "æ"
* Digraph (computing), a group of two characters in computer source code to be treated as a single character
* A directed graph, in graph theory
* Digraph, a component of a CIA cryptonym, a covert code name
* Digraph, a two-letter ISO 639-1 language code
# Siege of Pizzighettone

The siege of Pizzighettone was the first major military engagement of the northern Italian campaigns of the War of the Polish Succession.
Troops from France and the Kingdom of Sardinia began blockading the Habsburg Milanese fortress at Pizzighettone on 11 November 1733, commencing siege operations on 15 November. On 30 November the commander of the Austrian garrison negotiated a capitulation in which he promised to withdraw toward Mantua on 9 December if no relief arrived. As no reinforcements appeared by that time, the fortress' garrison withdrew with full honors on 9 December.
# Dirty Hits

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Stylus Magazine | C+ |
Dirty Hits is a greatest hits album by Scottish rock band Primal Scream. It was released on 3 November 2003 by Columbia Records. The album is generally made up of chronologically listed singles, except the album tracks "Long Life", "Shoot Speed/Kill Light", and "Deep Hit of Morning Sun". The rare C86 single "Velocity Girl" is not included, neither is anything from Sonic Flower Groove or their self-titled 1989 album. Tracks from this period appeared on the compilation's sequel; Shoot Speed – More Dirty Hits, released five months later.
Early limited versions came in a card sleeve with a bonus disc of remixes; most had previously appeared as B-sides.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Primal Scream; except "Some Velvet Morning" written by Lee Hazlewood
# Silo pallipes

Silo pallipes is a species of caddisfly found in rocky streams and rivers throughout Europe. Its life cycle lasts a year.
# Dinghoua

Dinghoua globularis is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Celastraceae. It is a shrub or tree native to northern Queensland. It is the sole species in genus Dinghoua.
# Dinghu

Dinghu may refer to the following locations in China:
* Dinghu District (鼎湖区), Zhaoqing, Guangdong
* Dinghu Mountain (鼎湖山), in Zhaoqing, Guangdong
* Dinghu, Anhui (丁湖镇), town in Si County
* Dinghu, Hunan (定湖镇), town in Linxiang
* Dinghu, Jiangxi (鼎湖镇), town in Anyi County
# Lyric Opera of Virginia

Lyric Opera of Virginia is an opera company based in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its leader is Peter Mark, who was the Artistic Director of the Virginia Opera for 36 years. Although Mark's contract with Virginia Opera was set to expire at the end of May 2012, the Virginia Opera's executive committee terminated Mark on November 18, 2010. In 2003, Virginia Opera's board assigned Mark's administrative leadership duties to Paul A. "Gus" Stuhlreyer, leaving Mark with the titles of music director, artistic director and principal conductor. On January 9, 2011, Mark, Edythe Harrison, and others announced the formation of a competing opera organization to be called "Lyric Opera of Virginia."
Its first season in 2011-12 Lyric Opera of Virginia presented Verdi's La Traviata, Rogers and Hammerstein's The King and I, and an abridged production of Carmen at the Sandler Center for the Performing Arts in Virginia Beach, the Center for the Performing Arts at Christopher Newport University in Newport News, the Landmark and Carpenter Theatres in Richmond, and a venue in Northern Virginia. The first season's budget was $2.5 million. In 2013 the company staged Giuseppe Verdi's Falstaff in honor of the 200th anniversary of the composer's birth.
# Disable Welfare Trust of India

Disable Welfare Trust of India (DWTI) is an Indian non governmental organisation based in Surat, Gujarat, India, working in the areas of education, environment and the empowerment of women.

## Profile

The Disable Welfare Trust of India was formed in 1991 by Kanubhai Hasmukhbhai Tailor, a physically disabled person who had permanent disability to his legs due to poliomyelitis he contracted at the age of eleven. The primary aim of the organisation was to provide education and vocational training to the disabled children and work for their rehabilitation. The activities during the initial years were limited due to paucity of funds but Tailor conducted a survey where he identified 1280 disabled children. A chance meeting, in 1997, with the then Police Commissioner of Surat, P. C. Pande and S. R. Rao, the Municipal Commissioner, helped the trust to get 10 rooms in a primary school. Here, Kanubhai started a school, on 1 July 1957, with the financial assistance of ₹ 51,000 from Pande. Starting with four children, the trust grew to a student strength of 118 by the year end, and provided free transportation, educational aids, lunch and physiotherapy treatment to them.
In 2000, the school moved to a larger facility with 18 rooms given by the Municipal corporation at Khatodara, Surat and the student strength grew to 400. Later, on a free land measuring 4500 square yards, a new facility was constructed in 2006, the foundation stone laid by the then Vice President of India, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat and the construction completed with the assistance of Reliance Industries and Larsen and Toubro. The trust claims that the project is a success with many students going on to complete various professional degrees in management, engineering and medicine.
The Trust is constructing a new facility to accommodate 1000 children and has plans to set up a hospital for corrective surgeries for disabilities. It also has a scheme to guide physically disabled people from the villages for availing loans, from ₹ 150,000 to ₹ 500,000 for setting up own businesses from the Handicapped Finance and Development Corporation, a government run institution.
The main source of funding is through donations for which the government has extended tax exemption facility.
# Silas Aiken

Silas Aiken (Bedford, New Hampshire, 1799–1869) was an American religious author and minister. For many years he was minister at Park Street Church in Boston, Massachusetts.
Aiken was born in 1799 to Phineas Aiken and Elizabeth Patterson. The Aikens had emigrated from Northern Ireland to the Colony of New Hampshire in 1729, and Phineas Aiken was a farmer, member of the Presbyterian church, and American Revolutionary War veteran. Silas Aiken graduated from Phillips Academy, Andoverin 1819, became a Christian at age nineteen and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1825 as the valedictorian of his class. He then taught and studied at the college for three more years in preparation for the ministry. After this period, Aiken was selected as a pastor of the Congregational Church in Amherst, New Hampshire, one of the largest in the state at the time, and the congregation soon underwent a revival. In 1835 Aiken became the pastor of Park Street Church in Boston. Park Street underwent several revivals during Aiken's tenure at the church. While pastoring Park Street, Aiken visited every member of the church at least once per year. In 1849 Aiken left Park Street to pastor the East Parish Congregational Church in Rutland, Vermont. He later received a D.D. from the University of Vermont. Silas Aiken died in 1869 and had selected a younger co-pastor, Norman Seaver, as a successor and Seaver was serving with Aiken at the time of his death.

## Works

* The duties of the churches in respect to infant baptism. 1865.
* Aiken, Silas (Jan 2, 1848). Posthumous influence: a sermon, occasioned by the death of Hon. Samuel Hubbard, L.L.D. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 9781275834224.
# Dinteville, Haute-Marne

Dinteville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.
The Chateau de Dinteville used to be a residence of the Marquesses of Rougé.
# Dionaea muscipula 'Wacky Traps'

Dionaea muscipula 'Wacky Traps' is a cultivar of Dionaea muscipula, the Venus flytrap. Dionaea muscipula 'Wacky Traps' was a clone produced by Cresco Nursery in the Netherlands through tissue culture. This particular clone was discovered in a tray of a bunch of mutants by Mike Ross. It has also been called "Bart Simpson," coined by Ed Read, because of the resemblance of the plant to the animated character's spiky hair. The plant is an extremely slow grower. It has abnormally thick traps and petioles, which are probably the reason why 'Wacky Traps' has trouble closing its traps quickly. It takes several minutes trap closure even with repeated teasing of the trigger hairs.
Robert Ziemer has tried unsuccessfully to sexually propagate Dionaea 'Wacky Traps'. He suggested that the stigma of the flower is deformed and unreceptive to pollen. He also states that the pollen appears to be normal.
The cultivar was formally registered with the International Carnivorous Plant Society on December 6, 2006, by Barry Rice.
# Silicon Harbor

Silicon Harbor may refer to any of three different high tech and innovation regions:
* Hong Kong
* Charleston, South Carolina
* Atlantic Canada
# Dipiazza

Dipiazza or Di Piazza is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

## Dipiazza

* Jodi DiPiazza (born 2001), American singer
* Roberto Dipiazza (born 1953), Italian politician
* Samuel DiPiazza, American business executive

## Di Piazza

* Adrian Di Piazza (born 1962), Australian bobsledder
* Dominique Di Piazza (born 1959), French electric bass player
* Matteo Di Piazza (born 1988), Italian footballer
# Långfors

Långfors (long rapids) is a village within the Swedish municipality of Kalix. Långfors is located 10 kilometres north of Töre to the Töre River.
# Långholmen

Långholmen is an island between two other islands, Södermalm and Kungsholmen, in central Stockholm, Sweden. This island can be reached via two bridges; Pålsundsbron in the east and Långholmsbron in the west. Långholmen is a popular spot for walks, picnics and swimming. The small beaches, located right outside the former prison, are usually crowded in summer.

## History

Långholmens spinnhus was a women's prison on Långholmen. The prison was established in 1649 when the Malmgården in Alstavik at Långholmen was erected and was closed in 1825. The building became state property in 1724 and was used as a spinning house (spinnhus). In 1825 the spinnhus was relocated to Norrmalm. After the move, Långholmen Prison started to operate on the grounds. Långholmen Prison was built 1874—1880 as the central prison of Sweden, and was temporary closed down between 1972—1975. Since 1989, Långholmen Prison has been a 112-room hotel and hostel, renovated between 2007-2008.
Långholmen was originally rocky and barren. It was used as a temporary military camp for soldiers serving in the Swedish Army fleet during the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). During the 19th century prison inmates covered the island with mud dredged from the surrounding waterways. After several years, the fertile soil transformed much of the island into lush gardens with a somewhat exotic flora, due to the introduction of various seeds that were spread via trade and merchant ships passing by the island.
Mälar shipyard (Mälarvarvet) is a shipyard on Långholmen's southeast side. The shipyard dates back to the 1680s. It was one of the major shipyards in Stockholm during the first half of the 19th century. Mälarvarvet had several private owners but is now in the ownership of the City of Stockholm.
On 8 August 1993 a JAS 39 Gripen fighter aircraft crashed on Långholmen during a display at the Stockholm Water Festival. The plane caught fire on impact, but the fire was soon put out. The pilot successfully ejected, and despite large crowds of spectators, only one person was injured. A sculpture in stainless steel by Thomas Qvarsebo, depicting a paper plane with its nose drilled into the ground, was placed on the spot in 1994.
Långholmen Football club was founded in 2002 and is now an important part of the sporting and social life of the expatriate community in Stockholm. The club was founded by a group of expats who regularly met on the gravel pitch on the island. Although English is generally the main language used by Långholmen players and the majority of members have tended to be from the British Isles, the club has always been proud of its international mix of players. The decision to have the club's home shirt with black and white stripes is indeed homage to the island and its history. Having started out in Stockholm Division 8, the lowest football league at the time, Långholmen Football club have achieved numerous promotions and will now play in the Swedish national football league Swedish football league system in Division 3 Östra Svealand.
# Lâm Thị Mỹ Dạ

Lâm Thị Mỹ Dạ (18 September 1949 – 6 July 2023) was a Vietnamese poet.
Lâm was born in Lệ Thủy, Quảng Bình on 18 September 1949, and died on 6 July 2023, at the age of 73.

## Works

* Collection: Green Rice (English translation)
# Lutsky Uyezd

Lutsky Uyezd (Луцкий уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Volhynian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Lutsk.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Lutsky Uyezd had a population of 252,550. Of these, 57.0% spoke Ukrainian, 14.1% Yiddish, 12.0% German, 9.7% Polish, 5.1% Russian, 1.5% Czech, 0.4% Tatar and 0.1% Belarusian as their native language.