OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Martin Knudsen

Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (15 February 1871 in Hasmark on Funen – 27 May 1949 in Copenhagen) was a Danish physicist who taught and conducted research at the Technical University of Denmark.
He is primarily known for his study of molecular gas flow and the development of the Knudsen cell, which is a primary component of molecular beam epitaxy systems.
Knudsen received the University's gold medal in 1895 and earned his master's degree in physics the following year. He became lecturer in physics at the University in 1901 and professor in 1912, when Christian Christiansen (1843–1917) retired. He held this post until his own retirement in 1941.
Knudsen was renowned for his work on kinetic-molecular theory and low-pressure phenomena in gases. His name is associated with the Knudsen flow, Knudsen diffusion, Knudsen number, Knudsen layer and Knudsen gases. Also there is the Knudsen equation; two instruments, the Knudsen absolute manometer and Knudsen gauge; and one gas pump that operates without moving parts, the Knudsen pump. His book, The Kinetic Theory of Gases (London, 1934), contains the main results of his research.
Knudsen was also very active in physical oceanography, developing methods of defining properties of seawater. He participated as hydrographer on the Ingolf expedition in the North Atlantic in 1895-96. By means of his for the purpose constructed precision thermometer, capable of measuring water temperature in the deep sea with a precision of 1/100°C, it was demonstrated that the water masses at the sea floor north of the Wyville Thompson Ridge were consistently a few degrees colder than south of the ridge and likely explained the differences in the deep sea fauna on either sides of the ridge. He was editor of Hydrological Tables (Copenhagen–London, 1901). In 1927, he was one of the participants of the fifth Solvay Conference on Physics that took place at the International Solvay Institute for Physics in Belgium.
He was awarded the Alexander Agassiz Medal of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1936. He was made a Commander First Class of the Order of the Dannebrog.
# Deradicalization

Deradicalization refers to a process of encouraging a person with extreme political, social or religious views to adopt more moderate positions on the issues.

## Measures and projects

Google's think tank Jigsaw has been developing a new program − called the Redirect Method − in which Google's search advertising algorithms and YouTube's video platform are used to target aspiring ISIS recruits and ultimately dissuade them from joining the group.
Machine learning and scientific inquiry can be used to find the most effective contents (such as videos) for deradicalization, to learn why people leave terrorist movements and to identify aspiring violent radicals.
Humera Khan, executive director of the Islamic deradicalization group Muflehu, states that deradicalization also needs human interaction and a supportive community backing up the person's decision to turn away from extremism.
Renee Garfinkel also notes that personal relationships play a major role in the transformation of involvement in violence to non-violent activity, saying "change often hinges on a relationship with a mentor or friend who supports and affirms peaceful behavior".
Many nations and universities are engaging in deradicalization efforts.

## Programmes in Western Europe

Multiple Western Europe countries have implemented deradicalization programs in a variety of forms, specifically after September 11, 2001. In more recent years, some countries saw a drastic increases in the number of jihadists attacks, especially France. In September 2016, France opened its first deradicalization centre in Pontourny. The original plan was to have the Pontourny center the first of multiple in the country, however, the Pontourny centre turned out to be a failure. Less than a year after it opened, the deradicalization centre in Pontourny had no residents. Spain launched its prison deradicalization program for jihadists in 2016, and suspended it in 2022, as only four inmates had signed up for it.

## Criticism

Sociologist Gérald Bronner calls the notion of "deradicalization" flawed, saying "It means that you can take an idea or a belief out of the brain, and I think that’s just impossible" and instead suggests "not a kind of mental manipulation but the opposite — mind liberation, a strengthening of their intellectual immune systems".
One study found that Islamic State supporters responded to counter-radicalization efforts by censoring expression of pro-IS views and moving their activity from public social media to Telegram, a non publicly viewable medium.
# Telling Tales

Telling Tales may refer to:
* Telling Tales (anthology), 2004 anthology
* Telling Tales (album), 2009 album by Leddra Chapman
* Telling Tales (film), 2015 Turkish film
# Erase–remove idiom

The erase–remove idiom is a common C++ technique to eliminate elements that fulfill a certain criterion from a C++ Standard Library container.

## Motivation

A common programming task is to remove all elements that have a certain value or fulfill a certain criterion from a collection. In C++, this can be achieved using a hand-written loop. It is, however, preferable to use an algorithm from the C++ Standard Library for such tasks.
The member function erase can be used to delete an element from a collection, but for containers which are based on an array, such as vector, all elements after the deleted element have to be moved forward to avoid "gaps" in the collection. Calling erase multiple times on the same container generates much overhead from moving the elements.
The algorithm library provides the remove and remove_if algorithms for this. Because these algorithms operate on a range of elements denoted by two forward iterators, they have no knowledge of the underlying container or collection.
These algorithms do not remove elements from the container, but move all elements that do not fit the removal criteria to the front of the range, keeping the relative order of the elements. This is done in a single pass through the data range.
As no elements are actually removed and the container retains the same size, the tail of the array has a length equal to the number of "removed" items; these items remain in memory but in an unspecified state. remove returns an iterator pointing to the first of these tail elements so that they can be deleted using a single call to erase.
Doing the same using only erase results in as many passes as there are elements to remove. For each of these passes, all elements after the erased element have to be moved, which is more time-consuming than shifting elements in a single pass.

## C++20

As of C++20, the free functions std::erase and std::erase_if are provided for STL containers. These convenience functions can be used to perform correct erasure of elements without requiring the programmer to explicitly use the erase-remove idiom.

## Limitation

The erase–remove idiom cannot be used for containers that return const_iterator (e.g.: set)
std::remove and/or std::remove_if do not maintain elements that are removed (unlike std::partition, std::stable_partition). Thus, erase–remove can only be used with containers holding elements with full value semantics without incurring resource leaks.

## Example

Compiler Explorer
# Scotorepens

Scotorepens is a genus of bats within the Vespertilionidae family. Species within this genus are widely distributed across Australia and to the north at Papua New Guinea and Indonesia.

## Taxonomy

The genus was erected by Ellis Troughton in his 1943 volume on Australian mammals, having previously identified new taxa of "broad-nosed bats". The type species is Scoteinus orion, published by Troughton in 1937. The taxa have been allied to the genus Nycticeius, as given in Troughton's earlier descriptions, but recognised as a genus in other author's arrangements. Scotorepens has been allied to the Vespertilionini tribe of the subfamily Vespertilioninae, or grouped with Nycticeiini in earlier revisions.
The authority Mammal Species of the World (2003), recognised the species and subspecies of the genus, which may be summarised as
* Scotorepens
   * Scotorepens balstoni the inland broad-nosed bat
      * Scotorepens bastoni bastoni
      * Scotorepens bastoni influatus
   * Scotorepens greyii little broad-nosed
   * Scotorepens orion eastern species
   * Scotorepens sanborni northern species
The systematics of the genus are suggested to be poorly resolved. An undescribed species somewhat resembling Scotorepens orion, although smaller in size and weight, is designated the "central-eastern broad-nosed bat" pending further investigation.

## Description

A genus of moderately small microchiropterans, the face is distinguished the lack of hair on the muzzle or the elaborate nose-leaf structure of other genera.
# Williams Lake River

Williams Lake River is a tributary of the Fraser River in the Canadian province of British Columbia.

## Course

Williams Lake River originates in Williams Lake, whose main tributary is the San Jose River. From Williams Lake the Williams Lake River flows a short distance west to join the Fraser River.
# 1955–56 Istanbul Football League

The 1955–56 İstanbul Football League season was the 46th season of the league. Galatasaray SK won the league for the 14th time, and qualified for the 1956–57 European Cup.

## Season

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Galatasaray SK | 18 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 52 | 19 | +33 | 29 |
| 2 | Beşiktaş JK | 18 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 45 | 22 | +23 | 26 |
| 3 | Fenerbahçe SK | 18 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 30 | 14 | +16 | 26 |
| 4 | İstanbulspor | 18 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 32 | 25 | +7 | 20 |
| 5 | Adalet SK | 18 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 31 | 26 | +5 | 18 |
| 6 | Beykoz 1908 S.K.D. | 18 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 24 | 21 | +3 | 18 |
| 7 | Vefa SK | 18 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 20 | 28 | −8 | 13 |
| 8 | Kasımpaşa SK | 18 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 20 | 38 | −18 | 13 |
| 9 | Beyoğlu SK | 18 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 18 | 40 | −22 | 10 |
| 10 | Emniyet SK | 18 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 12 | 51 | −39 | 7 |
# Yngvildr Þorgilsdóttir

Yngvildr Þorgilsdóttir (anglicised as Yngvild Þorgils' daughter, fl. 1158–1185) was a twelfth-century Icelandic woman who appears in Sturlunga saga, where she is involved in one of the feuds of Sturla of Hvamm, patriarch of the Sturlungs. She was the mistress of Bishop Klængr Þorsteinsson.

## Life
### Early life

Yngvildr was one of nine children of Þorgils Oddason and his wife Kolfinna. She married a man named Halldór Bergsson, but the marriage was not an affectionate one and broke down after the death of her father. After Halldór’s death abroad, she lived with her brother-in-law. While living at his farm, she cared for a wounded passer-by, Þorvarðr Þorgeirsson. She then built herself a home at Ballará.

### Paternity lawsuit

About 1158, Yngvildr and Þorvarðr were suspected of having an affair, and when a child was born at Ballará it was rumoured to be theirs. Yngvildr’s brother Einarr accused Þorvarðr of being the father, and the lawsuit was opposed by Sturla, who was a relative of both Yngvildr and Þorvarðr. Bishop Klængr, a second cousin of Einar and Yngvildr, was called in to oversee a trial by hot iron. He ruled in Þorvarðr’s favour, imposing a fine on Einarr. Yngvildr then made Sturla responsible for collecting all debts owed to her.
That summer, Þorvarðr travelled to Eyjafjörð and Yngvildr followed him, disguised with a man’s clothing and haircut, and they departed for Norway together.
According to Guðmundar saga, Þorvarðr was eighteen years old at the time of his departure from Iceland, and went on to become a courtier of King Ingi Haraldsson and to marry a woman named Herdis Sighvatssdóttir.

### Relationship with Klængr and later life

Sometime between 1158 and 1164, Yngvildr had a relationship with Bishop Klængr. They had a daughter, Jóra, who married the chieftain Þorvaldr Gizurarson, despite clerical objections that they were too closely related. It has been suggested that Klængr and Yngvild's relationship was relatively stable and may have been seen as an informal marriage.
By 1185, Yngvildr was staying with her son-in-law Þorvaldr. When her brother Einarr was killed, Yngvildr and his other sisters inherited his property. She brought a lawsuit against her son-in-law for wrongfully seizing part of the inheritance from her.
Orri Vésteinsson calls Yngvildr 'the twelfth century’s femme fatale.'
# Villers-devant-Mouzon

Villers-devant-Mouzon (French pronunciation:, literally Villers before Mouzon) is a commune in the Ardennes department in France.
# Martin Knudsen (footballer)

Martin Knudsen (born 4 January 1978) is a former footballer from Bergen who played as a midfielder.
He started his senior career in Viking FK.
He came to SK Brann on a free transfer in 2000. Knudsen played over a hundred league matches for the club and played in many different positions on the pitch. He has silver and bronze medals from the Norwegian Tippeligaen and played one of his best matches in his career when Brann won the 2004 cup final against F.C. Lyn Oslo.
At the end of November 2006, Brann was approached by Molde FK, Sandefjord Fotball and Tromsø IL, who all wanted to sign him. Molde later withdrew their offer as they could not afford Knudsen's demanded salary. On 5 December 2006, Knudsen agreed to Tromsø's offer, and played in Tromsø from January 2007. Knudsen choose to leave Tromsø after the 2009 season. He subsequently turned down an offer from newly promoted Norwegian Premier League club Kongsvinger IL as he wanted to live close to his home place, and went on to play for the third division team Staal instead.

## Honours
### Norway

* Norwegian cup: 2004
# Trichogenes longipinnis

Trichogenes longipinnis (the long-finned cambeva), is a species of catfish (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. T. longipinnis is endemic to coastal streams in the Atlantic forest between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States in southeastern Brazil.

## Description

The spotted colour pattern differs consistently between stream populations, indicating genetic differentiation. This fish grows to about 14 cm (5.5 in) standard length (SL) in males and 10.6 cm (4.2 in) SL in females.

## Ecology

This catfish dwells in pools beneath small waterfalls in steep hill streams flowing over rocky and sandy substrates. The density of these fish varies from three to 25 individuals/m$^2$. At densities of 18 to 25 individualsm$^2$, these fish aggregate in loose groups of up to 30 individuals. However, the largest ones tend to be solitary and territorial.
Unlike most trichomycterids which are bottom-dwelling and nocturnal, T. longipinnis is nektonic and active both during daytime and at night, with juvenile and small adults being more active at daytime than large adults.
This catfish uses visual, tactile, and chemosensory orientation to feed on bottom-dwelling aquatic and terrestrial insects in the water column or on the surface. Their diet includes immature aquatic insects, crustaceans, adult terrestrial winged insects, whole or fragmented, and carrion. These fish forage mostly by scanning the bottom, the barbels touching the substrate, but visually oriented drift feeding is also used by smaller fish. While foraging, it may bury into sand or plant debris and sift through with its gill openings and mouth.
This species reproduces at the onset of rainy season.
T. longipinnis is restricted to steep hill stream stretches, and is absent in streams on gently sloping terrain dominated by Astyanax characids. The catfish possibly developed, or retained, its characid-like role (diurnal, nektonic, and insectivorous) in separately with this more widespread tetra.

## Conservation

Due to restricted distribution, specialized habitat, and differentiated populations, the vulnerable (VU B1+2bc) status in the IUCN List is proposed. However, this species is not yet listed on the IUCN Red List.
# You Gotta Stop

"You Gotta Stop" is a song written by Bernie Baum, Bill Giant and Florence Kaye and originally recorded by Elvis Presley for the 1967 Paramount picture Easy Come, Easy Go. It was also featured on the soundtrack EP for the movie.
In the UK, the song was released as a single with "The Love Machine" from the same movie on the opposite side. Listed as a double A-side, the single peaked at number 38 for two weeks in that country.

## Composition

The song was written by Bernie Baum, Bill Giant and Florence Kaye.

## Recording

Elvis Presley recorded the song for the film Easy Come, Easy Go on September 29, 1966, at Paramount Studio Recording Stage in Hollywood. The recording sessions featured Scotty Moore and Tiny Timbrell on guitar, Charlie McCoy on harmonica, organ and guitar, Bob Moore on bass, D.J. Fontana, Buddy Harman, Hal Blaine, Curry Tjader and Larry Bunker on drums, Emil Radocchia on percussion, Michel Rubini on harpsichord, Mike Henderson and Anthony Terran on trumpet, Butch Parker on trombone, Jerry Scheff, Meredith Flory and Willam Hood on saxophone. Additional vocals were provided by The Jordanaires.

## Critical response

While discussing the Easy Come, Easy Go musical numbers in his books, Robert Matthew-Walker said:
   "You Gotta Stop" is more interesting; it has a slow introduction, and an unusual backing, once the frantic pace starts, with sudden breaks and fragmentary solos. Presley rises to this difficult challenge and rides the music, but it remains undistinguished.

## Charts

| Chart (1967) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 38 |
# Sturmy

Sturmy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* William Sturmy (died 1427), English politician
* Robert Sturmy, 15th-century beach merchant
# David Berry (politician)

David John Berry (born 7 June 1951) is a former Australian politician. He was the Liberal member for Bathurst in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1988 to 1991.
Berry managed hotels in Sydney, Lismore, Orange and Bathurst before entering politics. A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, he held several positions including President of the Bathurst branch and member of the Calare Federal Executive Committee. In 1988, he was elected as the Liberal member for the state seat of Bathurst, defeating the sitting Labor member, Mick Clough. He was defeated by Clough in 1991. He contested the seat again in 1999, but came third after the Labor and the National Party.
# Williams Carmona

Williams Carmona is a Cuban painter. He was born in Havana, Cuba, in 1967. In the early 1990s he moved to Puerto Rico. He has works in a number of museums including the Museum of Latin American Art (MOLAA).
# Separation League

The Separation League was a political alliance in Burma.

## History

The alliance was formed to contest the 1932 general elections by parties that were in favour of Burma being separated from British Raj, as the British government had indicated that it would take the outcome of the elections as an indication of Burmese opinion. In addition to separation, the League was in favour of restricting Indian immigration, banning monks from being involved in politics and banishing foreign money lenders.
The alliance's leadership was based around the Burma for the Burmans League, including the former Nationalist Party faction of the People's Party, as well as the Karen National Association. Poorly funded and lacking in widespread support, the alliance won 29 seats and was defeated by the Anti-Separation League, which won 42 seats.
# Yongde County

Yongde County (Chinese: 永德县; pinyin: Yǒngdé Xiàn) is a county in the west of Yunnan province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Lincang.

## Administrative divisions

Yongde County has 3 towns, 5 townships and 2 ethnic townships.

### 3 towns

* Dedang (德党镇)
* Xiaomengtong (小勐统镇)
* Yongkang (永康镇)

### 5 townships

| Mengban (勐板乡) Yalian (亚练乡) Banka (班卡乡) | Chonggang (崇岗乡) Dashan (大山乡) |

### 2 ethnic townships

* Wumulong Yi (乌木龙彝族乡
* Daxueshan Yi Lahu and Dai (大雪山彝族拉祜族傣族乡

## Ethnic groups

The Yongde County Gazetteer (1994:115) lists the following ethnic groups.
* Limi 利米 (Lami branch 腊米支系)
* Luoren 倮人 (Gaisu branch 改苏支系)
* Xiangtang 香堂 (Lalu branch 腊鲁支系)
* Menghua Turen 蒙化土人 (Laluo branch 腊罗支系)
* Samadu 撒马堵人 (Samo branch 洒摩支系)
* Pengzi 棚子
* Suan 蒜人

## Climate

Climate data for Yongde, elevation 1,606 m (5,269 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.3 (75.7) | 27.5 (81.5) | 28.6 (83.5) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.7 (89.1) | 30.2 (86.4) | 30.1 (86.2) | 29.1 (84.4) | 28.6 (83.5) | 25.6 (78.1) | 23.5 (74.3) | 31.7 (89.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) | 20.5 (68.9) | 23.4 (74.1) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.5 (76.1) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25.0 (77.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 20.8 (69.4) | 18.6 (65.5) | 23.0 (73.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.4 (54.3) | 14.5 (58.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 19.7 (67.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.7 (69.3) | 20.9 (69.6) | 20.3 (68.5) | 18.4 (65.1) | 15.1 (59.2) | 12.5 (54.5) | 17.8 (64.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.0 (46.4) | 9.9 (49.8) | 13.1 (55.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 17.0 (62.6) | 18.5 (65.3) | 18.4 (65.1) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.5 (63.5) | 15.3 (59.5) | 11.4 (52.5) | 8.5 (47.3) | 14.3 (57.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 2.5 (36.5) | 0.0 (32.0) | 8.7 (47.7) | 9.4 (48.9) | 12.3 (54.1) | 12.5 (54.5) | 14.2 (57.6) | 9.8 (49.6) | 7.6 (45.7) | 4.9 (40.8) | 1.1 (34.0) | 0.0 (32.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 31.3 (1.23) | 23.7 (0.93) | 31.8 (1.25) | 67.3 (2.65) | 125.2 (4.93) | 154.2 (6.07) | 251.8 (9.91) | 218.8 (8.61) | 151.6 (5.97) | 117.2 (4.61) | 41.2 (1.62) | 12.6 (0.50) | 1,226.7 (48.28) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.7 | 4.6 | 6.6 | 11.5 | 17.2 | 23.4 | 26.3 | 23.4 | 19.1 | 15.0 | 6.0 | 3.4 | 160.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 59 | 51 | 46 | 53 | 67 | 78 | 84 | 83 | 81 | 78 | 71 | 66 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 244.8 | 228.6 | 244.8 | 221.8 | 184.3 | 114.4 | 83.6 | 120.1 | 131.0 | 159.0 | 208.4 | 233.7 | 2,174.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 73 | 71 | 65 | 58 | 45 | 28 | 20 | 30 | 36 | 45 | 64 | 71 | 51 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Villers-en-Argonne

Villers-en-Argonne (French pronunciation:, literally Villers in Argonne) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.