# Sonahatu block

Sonahatu block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Bundu subdivision of Ranchi district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## Geography

Sonahatu CD block is located on the Lower Chota Nagpur Plateau. It has an average elevation of 500–1,000 feet (150–300 m) above mean sea level.
Sonahatu CD block is bounded by the Silli CD block on the north, Jhalda I CD block in Purulia district of West Bengal on the east, Ichagarh CD block in Serikela Kharswan district and Tamar CD block on the south and Bundu CD block on the west.
Sonahatu CD block has an area of 273.12 km$^2$. Sonahatu police station serves Sonahatu CD block. The headquarters of Sonahatu CD block is located at Sonahatu village.

## Demographics
### Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, Sonahatu CD block had a total population of 77,252, all of which were rural. There were 39,127 (51%) males and 38,125 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 11,389. Scheduled Castes numbered 6,115 (7.92%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 18,455 (23.89%).
The percentage of Scheduled Tribes in Ranchi district, in 2011, was 47.67% of the population (rural) in the blocks. The percentage of Scheduled Tribes, numbering 1,042,016, in the total population of Ranchi district numbering 2,914,253 in 2011, was 35.76%. The Oraons forming 18.20% of the population and the Mundas forming 10.30% of the population, were the main tribes. Other tribes included (percentage of population in brackets) Lohra (2.46), Bedia (1.32) and Mahli (1.09).

### Education

As of 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Sonahatu CD block was 43,494 (66.04% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 26,506 (79.66% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 16,988 (52.13% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 27.53%.
As of 2011 census, literacy in Ranchi district was 77.13%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011. Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.
Sonahatu CD block had 9 villages with pre-primary schools, 59 villages with primary schools, 30 villages with middle schools, 2 villages with secondary schools, 3 villages with no educational facility.
See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate
* Literacy in CD Blocks of Ranchi district
* Ranchi Sadar subdivision
* Burmu – 64.54%
* Khelari – 74.83%
* Kanke – 73.75%
* Ormanjhi – 67.53%
* Silli – 73.73%
* Angara – 64.92%
* Namkum – 73.72%
* Ratu – 73.00%
* Nagri – 71.59%
* Mandar – 67.63%
* Chanho – 66.81%
* Bero – 67.49%
* Itki – 73.58%
* Lapung – 60.29%
* Bundu subdivision
* Rahe – 69.19%
* Bundu – 66.38%
* Sonahatu – 66.04%
* Tamar – 62.76%
* Source: 2011 Census: CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data

### Language and religion

Religions in Sonahatu CD block (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 87.21% | 87.21% |
| Others* | Others* | 12.01% | 12.01% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.78% | 0.78% |
| *mainly tribal religions like Sarna |||||
Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.
Languages of Sonahatu CD block (2011)

## Economy
### Livelihood

Livelihood in Sonahatu CD block
In Sonahatu CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 16,364 and formed 37.44%, agricultural labourers numbered 24,027 and formed 54.98%, household industry workers numbered 1,024 and formed 2.34% and other workers numbered 2,290 and formed 5.24%. Total workers numbered 43,705 and formed 56.57% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 33,547 and formed 43.43% of the population.

### Infrastructure

There are 64 inhabited villages in Sonahatu CD block. In 2011, 12 villages had power supply. 4 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 37 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 37 villages had hand pumps, and 2 villages did not have drinking water facility. 7 villages had post offices, 7 villages had sub post offices, 7 village had telephones (land lines), 32 villages had mobile phone coverage. 54 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 38 villages had bus service (public/ private), 1 village had autos/ modified autos, 2 villages had taxi/vans, 24 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 3 villages had agricultural credit societies. 8 villages had public distribution system, 61 villages had assembly polling stations.

### Agriculture

In Ranchi district, 23% of the total area is covered with forests. "With the gradual deforestation of the district, more and more land is being brought under cultivation." Terraced low lands are called don and the uplands are called tanr. The hill streams remain almost dry, except in the rainy season, and does not offer much scope for irrigation.
In Sonahatu CD block, 46.46% of the total area was cultivable, in 2011. Out of this, 8.22% was irrigated land.

### Rural poverty

60-70% of the population of Ranchi district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005. In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Ranchi district came down to 27.82%. According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line."

### Backward Regions Grant Fund

Ranchi district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.

## Healthcare

Sonahatu CD block had 3 villages with primary health centres, 11 villages with primary health subcentres, 3 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 2 villages with allopathic hospitals, 2 villages with dispensaries, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 4 villages with family welfare centres, 10 villages with medicine shops . * Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

## Maoist activities, dissent

Jharkhand is one of the states affected by Maoist activities. As of 2012, Ranchi district was among the highly affected districts in the state. "Areas of Tamar, Bundu, Sonahatu, Angarha, Sikidiri Police Stations and Rahe O.P. have been widely affected by activities of CPI (Maoist) group till the end of year 2009. At the end of year 2010, The activities of CPI (Maoist) group has been minimized up to almost zero level."
According to the Jharkhand Police spokesperson and Inspector General (IG) Saket Singh, as reported on 8 December 2020, "The activities of CPI-Maoist are now confined to small pockets in the state because of our efforts." Civilian fatalities, a key index of security in a region, declined from 20 in 2019, to 8 in 2020, the lowest in this category since 2000, when there were 13 such fatalities. The 28 total fatalities recorded in 2020 are also the lowest overall fatalities recorded in the state in a year since 2000, when they stood at 36.
Ranchi being the capital city of the state has always been under minute scrutiny of all. The arrest, from his home in Ranchi on 9 October 2020, by the NIA, of 83-years old Stan Swamy, Jesuit priest and activist, working with tribals for decades, and his subsequent death in custody, in a Mumbai hospital, on 5 July 2021, has been widely discussed.