OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kaufingertor

The Kaufingertor was one of the five city gates built around at the end of the 12th century, as the first city walls of medieval Munich. It was located in the west of the old town, approximately at the point where today's Färbergraben and Augustinerstraße meet on Kaufingerstraße.

## History

The gate was first mentioned in 1239 under the name porta superior (Upper Gate) in correspondence to the east lying city porta inferior (Lower Gate) or Talburgtor (= today's tower of the Old Town Hall). Through these two gates, the salt road led through Munich to the west.
The gate was a simple tower with gate passage. After the construction of the outer city wall, the gate tower of the merchant family Kaufinger served as a residential tower and was named after them. The gate was demolished in 1479 and rebuilt until 1484 in late Gothic style. In 1510, the gate received a clock and a rich exterior frescoed fresco. Because of this, the gate was mostly referred to as Schöner Turm (Beautiful Tower) from then on. In 1807 it was demolished.
Reminders At the corner Kaufingerstraße / Augustinerstraße (Kaufingerstraße 28: Hirmer-Haus) there is a sculpture of the gate tower and next to it a commemorative plaque with another depiction of the tower. The inscription of the commemorative plaque states: "Schöner Turm. Built in 1157 in front of today's Hirmer-Haus as gate tower of the oldest city wall in Munich. Rebuilt in 1479 and decorated with frescoes that gave it the name Schöner Turm. Demolished in 1807. The marking on the ground shows its former location." There is no evidence of its 1157 construction year. Munich itself was first mentioned in documents in 1158, and probably later surrounded by a city wall. The reference to the "marking on the ground" refers to the former floor plan of the gate tower which is marked in the pavement of the pedestrian zone.
# David Morris & Sons

David Morris & Sons was a bank which was established in Carmarthenshire, Wales in the 18th century. It now a constituent part of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group.

## History

David Morris was born around 1745-6 and was the son of David Morris of the Ferry Inn at Llansteffan in Carmarthenshire. He was a Carmarthen merchant and in 1787 he became the Agent for Sir Herbert Mackworth and others, who had opened a banking house in Carmarthen.
By 1788 David Morris was working as a banker on his own account. In 1791 he took over a Carmarthen bank established by a person named David Parry and operated it under the name of Morris & Sons
David Morris carried-on his banking business in Dark Gate, Carmarthen. As the business expanded, it moved to a larger house in King Street and finally to Spilman Street, where the bank remained until it was taken over, in 1871.
It is likely that David Morris also acquired the Carmarthen Furnace Bank, amalgamating the two banks to form a successful business carried on under the name David Morris & Sons and it was probably after the failure of Carmarthen Bank, which was owned by Waters, Jones & Co., that David Morris & Sons changed its name to Carmarthen Bank.
David Morris died suddenly while on a visit to Swansea, on 25 September 1805, aged 59 years, and is buried at Saint Mary’s Church, Swansea. After his death the banking business was carried on by his sons. During the Panic of 1825 the Bank of England suspended cash payments, as a result of frequent provincial bank failures. This led to a general run on British banks, in December 1825. It is unclear if David Morris & Sons suffered during this crisis, but on 22 December 1825, a public meeting was held at the Guildhall, Carmarthen, where a vote of public confidence was passed in this bank and Waters, Jones & Co. A similar meeting was also held, on 26 December 1825, at Llandeilo.

## Takeover

David Morris & Sons survived the Panic of 1825 and continued to operate successfully, until 28 November 1864, when the National Provincial Bank of England, Ltd., the pioneer of the big joint stock banks, first opened a branch in Carmarthen. On 2 October 1871, the banking business was transferred to the National Provincial Bank of England when the sons of David Morris retired.

## Successor in title

David Morris & Sons is a past constituent of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group, who hold the archives for the bank.

## Bank notes

There are no records of any surviving bank notes from this bank.

## Other Carmarthenshire banks

Other Carmarthenshire banks include: Carmarthen Furnace Bank, Carmarthen Bank, Llandovery Bank, Llanelly Bank, and Marten & Co.
# Trygve de Lange

Trygve de Lange (3 September 1918 – 12 February 1981) was a Norwegian lawyer and secretary-general of Libertas.
He was born in Kristiania, took his examen artium in 1937 and the cand.jur. degree at the University of Oslo in 1941. He edited the periodical Minerva from 1938 to 1939, and was deputy chair of the Norwegian Students' Society in 1940. In 1942 he married Lulla Bagn (1918–2003). After World War II he opened a lawyer's office.
When Libertas was founded to promote libertarian ideas after World War 2 in order to counteract the social democratic tendency of the time, de Lange was hired as the first secretary-general.
In 1955, de Lange was hired part-time as finance secretary in the Conservative Party by the party's general secretary, Leif Helberg. John Lyng belonged to those who wanted de Lange as general secretary of the Conservative Party, while primarily C.J. Hambro and Alv Kjøs provided for the final break with Libertas around 1960. The beginning of this settlement was Liberta's launch of the program "Will to power", where it was proposed to give young, talented politicians positions in business, so they could get to know business next to his political work. Libertas proposed concrete political programs and alternative state budgets, but was opposed by the Conservatives' central government, which stated that "the independence of the parties is an absolute prerequisite for a clear responsibility in political life." Kjøs believed that Libertas should simply be shut down. Lars Roar Langslet and others in the circle around Minerva criticized market liberalism as such. Libertas was forced to become a pure information organization and refrain from playing in purely political matters, and the Conservatives could more easily cooperate with other bourgeois parties.
De Lange had many supporters, some of whom wanted to recruit him to the leadership of the Conservative Party. As de Lange retired in 1976, Libertas faded into a more obscure existence, and it was disbanded and replaced by Liberalt Forskningsinstitutt in 1988. de Lange returned to the lawyer profession, and died in February 1981 in Oslo.
# Tufi Airport

Tufi Airport is an airport in Tufi, Papua New Guinea built in the 1960s by the Australian Army. It consists of a single 920 by 30 meters (3,018 ft × 98 ft) unpaved runway along a 059-239 degree axis. There is no control tower and refueling is not available. Air Niugini flights are typically scheduled on Monday (POM-PNP-TFI-POM) and Friday (POM-TFI-PNP-POM). Tropic Air also schedules irregular cargo and passenger charter flights.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Air Niugini | Port Moresby |
| PNG Air | Popondetta, Rabaul |
# Tukiya Kankasa-Mabula

Tukiya Kankasa-Mabula, sometimes Tukiya Kankasa Mabula, is a Zambian lawyer, educator, administrator and gender issues advocate. She served as the deputy governor, administration at the Bank of Zambia (BoZ), till 15 December 2019. She was replaced by Rhekha Mhango, the former head of the Human Resource Department at the central bank, the country's central bank and national banking regulator. She was appointed to that position in 2007, by Levy Mwanawasa, the president of Zambia at that time, replacing Felix Mfula, who retired.

## History

Kankasa-Mabula is a native of Zambia. Following her education in Lusaka, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, she returned to her alma mater, the University of Zambia, Faculty of Law, where she taught commercial law. For a period of time, she worked as director of licensing and enforcement at the Zambian Securities and Exchange Commission. In 1998, she joined the Bank of Zambia, as the bank's secretary and chief legal advisor. She served in that capacity for nine years, before being appointed to her current position.

## Overview

Kankasa-Mabula is a respected attorney, educator, administrator, businesswoman and gender issues advocate. In March 2014, she was a panellist on a televised discussion among the 100 most influential women in Zambia. The discussion was featured on CNBC's Africa Service on Monday, 31 March 2014.
In April 2014, she was selected as the recipient of the International Bar Association's 2014 Outstanding International Woman Lawyer Award. The award was given "in recognition of professional excellence, influencing other women to pursue careers in law, and advancing opportunities for women within the legal profession". The IBA Outstanding International Woman Lawyer Award is given every other year and is sponsored by LexisNexis. It includes a donation of US$5,000 to a charity of the winner's choice. The 2014 award presentation ceremony took place during the IBA 6th World Women Lawyers’ Conference, held from 8 to 9 May 2014 in Paris, France.

## Education

She holds the degree of Bachelor of Laws obtained from the University of Zambia, in Lusaka. She also holds the degree of Master of Laws obtained from Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Her Doctor of Philosophy in law was obtained from the University of London, in the United Kingdom.

## Other responsibilities

Kankasa-Mabula is the current vice chairperson of the Council of the University of Zambia. She also serves as the chairperson of the Legal Steering Committee of the Committee of Central Bank Governors (CCBG) in Southern African Development Community (SADC).

## Photos

* Kankasa-Mabula in 2014 at ibanet.org
* Kankasa-Mabula (right) With Zambia's First Lady Thandiwe Banda (left) at State House, Lusaka at lusakatimes.com
# Sphingomonas endophytica

Sphingomonas endophytica is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the root of the plant Artemisia annua in the Yunnan province in China.
# Tales from the Emerald Sword Saga

Tales from the Emerald Sword Saga is the first compilation album by Italian symphonic power metal band Rhapsody in 2004.

## Track differences

* Track 8, "Riding the Winds of Eternity", is the same as the one found in Symphony of Enchanted Lands, only with the sound of waves at the beginning left out.
* Track 9, "Dawn of Victory", features a brief tympani roll at the start of the track not found on the album version.
* Track 10, "Holy Thunderforce", distinguishes itself from the original version from Dawn of Victory for the loss of most of the choir parts.
# Eridacnis

The genus Eridacnis, the ribbontail catsharks, is a small genus of fin-back catsharks in the family Proscylliidae. It currently consists of the following species:
* Eridacnis barbouri (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944) (Cuban ribbontail catshark)
* Eridacnis radcliffei H. M. Smith, 1913 (pygmy ribbontail catshark)
* Eridacnis sinuans (J. L. B. Smith, 1957) (African ribbontail catshark)
# Dămienești

Dămienești is a commune in Bacău County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Călugăreni, Dămienești, Drăgești and Pădureni.

## Natives

* Dumitru Berbece
# Sidney (footballer, born 1972)

Sidney da Silva Souza known as Sidney (born 12 September 1972) is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Cerâmica. Sidney spent most of his career in Rio Grande do Sul.

## Biography

After played for Pelotas at 2005 Campeonato Gaúcho, he was signed by Novo Hamburgo and played at 2005 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C. His contract was extended in January 2006 and played at 2006 Campeonato Gaúcho. In March 2006 he was signed by Brasil de Farroupilha of Campeonato Gaúcho Second Division and released in June. In June 2006 he signed a 1-year contract with Ulbra, for 2006 Copa FGF. in April 2007 he was signed by Ulbra Ji-Paraná in 3 months deal. He then played for Brasil de Farroupilha at 2007 Copa FGF. In February 2008 he signed a new 1+1⁄2-year contract with Brasil de Farroupilha. After played for the club at 2008 Campeonato Gaúcho Segunda Divisão and 2008 Copa FGF, he was signed by Esportivo de Bento Gonçalves in February 2009. After 2009 Campeonato Gaúcho, he was signed by Cerâmica in 1-year deal. He played for the club at 2009 Copa FGF and 2010 Campeonato Gaúcho. In September 2010 he signed a new 1-year deal and finished as the runner-up of 2010 Copa FGF. He was sent off in the first leg on the final.
# Cristoforo da Tolentino

Cristoforo da Tolentino (died 1462) was an Italian condottiero, the son of Niccolò da Tolentino.
The elder of three brothers, he followed Niccolò's military career, and was lord of Tolentino in 1434–1439.
Cristoforo killed Niccolò Fortebraccio at the battle of Fiordemonte. In 1438 he defended the castle of Verona for the Republic of Venice and fought at Casalmaggiore (1446).
# Bulbophyllum lancipetalum

Bulbophyllum lancipetalum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Seetha Mount

Seetha Mount is a small village near Pulpally in Wayanad district of Kerala state in India.

## Location

Seetha Mount is located about nine kilometers from Pulpally on the road to Kabanigiri village on the bank of river Kabini.

## Landmark

There is a large church in the village and a small school nearby. The postal code of the village is 673579.

## Transport

Seetha Mount village is near Pulpally town which can be accessed from Mananthavady. The Periya ghat road connects Mananthavady to Kannur and Thalassery. The Thamarassery mountain road connects Calicut with Kalpetta. The Kuttiady mountain road connects Vatakara with Kalpetta and Mananthavady. The Palchuram mountain road connects Kannur and Iritty with Mananthavady. The road from Nilambur to Ooty is also connected to Wayanad through the village of Meppadi.
The nearest railway station is at Mysore and the nearest airports are Kozhikode International Airport-120 km, Bengaluru International Airport-290 km, and Kannur International Airport, 58 km.

## Image Gallery

* Kappela
* Church
# Tungstate

In chemistry, a tungstate is a compound that contains an oxyanion of tungsten or is a mixed oxide containing tungsten. The simplest tungstate ion is WO2−4, "orthotungstate". Many other tungstates belong to a large group of polyatomic ions that are termed polyoxometalates, ("POMs"), and specifically termed isopolyoxometalates as they contain, along with oxygen and maybe hydrogen, only one other element. Almost all useful tungsten ores are tungstates.

## Structures

Orthotungstates feature tetrahedral W(VI) centres with short W–O distances of 1.79 Å. Structurally, they resemble sulfates. Six-coordinate, octahedral tungsten dominates in the polyoxotungstates. In these compounds, the W–O distances are elongated.
Some examples of tungstate ions:
* HWO−4 (hydrogentungstate)
* polymeric W$_2$O2−7 ions of various structures in Na$_2$W$_2$O$_7$, Li$_2$W$_2$O$_7$ and Ag$_2$W$_2$O$_7$
* [W$_7$O$_{24}$]$^{6−}$ (paratungstate A)
* [W$_{10}$O$_{32}$]$^{4−}$ (tungstate Y)
* [H$_2$W$_{12}$O$_{42}$]$^{10−}$ (paratungstate B)
* α-[H$_2$W$_{12}$O$_{40}$]$^{6−}$ (metatungstate)
* β-[H$_2$W$_{12}$O$_{40}$]$^{6−}$ (tungstate X)
See the tungstates category for a list of tungstates.

## Occurrence

Tungstates occur naturally with molybdates. Scheelite, the mineral calcium tungstate, often contains a small amount of molybdate. Wolframite is manganese and iron tungstate, and all these are valuable sources of tungsten. Powellite is a mineral form of calcium molybdate containing a small amount of tungstate.

## Reactions

Solutions of tungstates, like those of molybdates, give intensely blue solutions of complex tungstate(V,VI) analogous to the molybdenum blues when reduced by most organic materials.
Unlike chromate, tungstate is not a good oxidizer, but like chromate, solutions of tungstate condense to give the isopolytungstates upon acidification.
# ECTA

ECTA may refer to:
* Econometrica, an academic journal of economics
* European Competitive Telecommunications Association
* Diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase, an enzyme
# Christian Danielsson

Christian Danielsson aka Chris Daniels, is a photographer born 1966 in Sweden. Chris started his career early with freelance assignments for local papers and learned photography from the masters surrounding him in Sweden. The small township of Ystad where he grew up has produced a range of other artists: Karin Glenmark (singer, (Chess)), Anders Glenmark (songwriter and producer), Bosse Lasson (portrait photographer), PA Jörgensen (food & chef photographer), Ernst-Hugo Järegård (actor), Lycke Li (singer-songwriter), Michael Saxell (songwriter, artist and producer). Ystad is also the place where the Wallander TV series and movies are produced.
Chris soon developed his own style in “street photography” inspired by Christer Strömholm, Anders Petersen and Walther Hirsch. Before the age of 20 he was granted a full membership (and being recognised as a master photographer) in the prestigious Swedish Photographers Association. He has served as a judge for many photo competitions and has also won several awards for his images of people. In Sweden Chris was also a regular lecturer.
Together with colleague and editor Urban Thoms, they did a series of articles regarding bad conditions in the wealthy Swedish society in the late 1980s. The stories and photos attracted much attention and the society were forced into making significant changes. 1) 2):
* Addictive to gambling: Several articles exposed and pointed out the nature of the gambling hell. Soon it was recognised as a state of illness by Swedish authorities who made billions out of gambling.
* Exposing child/teenage prostitution in Stockholm
* Documenting the work of the Salvation Army with the homeless and revealing the homeless situation in Stockholm
* Misconducts of refugees in Swedish police arrests
After the photojournalism years in the 1980s and early 1990s Chris moved into commercial and advertising photography, mostly architectural and property photography. Chris images have been published in papers, magazines and books all over the world. Since 2008 Chris lives and work as a photographer and web designer in New Zealand.
# Eridadi Mukwanga

Eridadi Mukwanga (12 July 1943 – January 1998) was a Ugandan boxer, silver medalist at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.
He was the first athlete representing Uganda to win an Olympic medal in any sport.

## Amateur highlights

Bantamweight silver medalist at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City. Results were:
* Defeated Roberto Cervantes (Mexico) points
* Defeated Chang Kyou-Chul (Korea) points
* Lost to Valerian Sokolov (Soviet Union) TKO-2
# Show Court Arena

Show Court Arena, also known by naming rights sponsorship as Kia Arena, is an open-air tennis stadium located in Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The arena opened in advance of the 2022 Australian Open. It seats 5,000 spectators and is the fourth-largest tennis venue at Melbourne Park.

## History

In April 2017, the Victorian Government announced it would proceed with the third and final stage of the ongoing redevelopment of the Melbourne Park sporting and entertainment precinct, which had begun in 2010. The construction of Show Court Arena was the most prominent component of this redevelopment stage, which came at an overall cost of $271.5 million. The arena is situated on the site of the old Eastern Courts 16–23, between Rod Laver Arena and John Cain Arena, and slightly to the north of the large public grassed area known as "Grand Slam Oval" during the Australian Open. Demolition of the old courts and the adjacent function and broadcast centre (which itself was demolished and replaced with an upgraded facility) commenced in April 2019.
The arena was constructed with approximately 270 tonnes of steel fabricated entirely in Victoria. It is partially sunken into the ground and has an open-roof structure which provides shade and cover protection for most of the spectators seated in the arena. Unlike the three larger venues at Melbourne Park (Rod Laver Arena, John Cain Arena and Margaret Court Arena), the arena does not have a retractable roof capable of being shut during inclement weather. The arena's roof structure was completed in February 2021, with the seating and interior facilities completed in October that year.
The arena was unveiled by Australian Open officials on 22 November 2021. Belinda Bencic won the first main draw match to be played on the arena, defeating Kristina Mladenovic 6–4, 6–3.
At the 2023 Australian Open, the arena served as the location of the inaugural AO Finals Festival, a musical festival occurring over the final three days of the tournament, with the festival's lineup including Vanessa Amorosi, Montaigne, Benee, Thelma Plum, Winston Surfshirt, Flight Facilities, Lastlings and Forest Claudette. The festival was a sold-out success, which led to the festival's return at the larger John Cain Arena for the 2024 Australian Open.

## Naming

During construction the venue was referred to by official sources as Show Court Arena. In January 2021 the stadium was named Kia Arena, in a deal between the Australian Open and the tournament's primary corporate sponsor, Kia motors. This differs from the three larger courts, two of which are named after prominent Australian tennis players and the other for a politician.
# Manuel Escobar

Manuel Escobar (6 August 1924 – 8 March 1995) was a Salvadoran sailor. He competed in the Flying Dutchman event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Bulbophyllum languidum

Bulbophyllum languidum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum from the Moluccas.
# Tom Robertson (Australian footballer)

Thomas Arthur Robertson (2 November 1876 – 24 July 1942) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Tully Gorge National Park

Tully Gorge is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 1,338 km northwest of Brisbane. The park forms part of the Wooroonooran Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because it supports populations of a range of bird species endemic to Queensland's Wet Tropics.

## Waterfalls

Follow Tully Falls Road to the Tully Gorge Lookout. Tully Falls only run in the wet season, but the walls of rock and rainforest which plunge 300 m (984 feet) down to the Tully River are still an awe-inspiring sight. An 800 m track takes walkers to the Tully River above the falls. Tully Falls Road begins on the outskirts of Ravenshoe at the junction of the Mount Garnet Road. The Tully Gorge National Park turnoff is 24 km down the road. A 1 km gravel road leads to a carpark and viewing platform.