OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Time brokerage agreement

A time brokerage agreement can refer to instances of a third-party paying a broadcast station to air specific programs, with the airtime usually controlled in its entirety by the program's producer.
* Brokered programming, for specific programs.
* Local marketing agreement, a blanket term for a family of agreements that involve leases of a station's entire operations.
# Tiaraspis

Tiaraspis subtilis is the oldest known member of the arthrodire placoderm family Groenlandaspidae. Its fossils are found from Early Devonian Germany, ranging from the Pragian epoch until the end of the Emsian.
# Tinus de Jongh

Martinus Johannes "Tinus" de Jongh (31 January 1885 in Amsterdam – 17 July 1942 in Bloemfontein) was one of South Africa's most popular painters.

## Career

Self-taught, he began his career as a decorator in the Netherlands, and then pursued painting full-time. He achieved some note when the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam purchased one of his early pictures. He arrived in South Africa in 1921, practicing a sober style within the Dutch tradition, typified there by Still Life with Birds and Hare. The light and landscape of South Africa soon caused him to abandon his muted palette in favour of more saturated colours. His formulaic approach to painting Cape landscapes with gabled farmhouses created such a demand that he abandoned his considered brushwork in favour of a broader palette knife technique. His etchings sold in the hundreds through his dealer Louis Woolf.

## Death

He died on 17 July 1942 from lung cancer.

## Personal life

Tinus married Johanna Maria Verhoef in April 1911. They had three children: Wilhelmina, Petronella and Gabriel de Jongh, who became a landscape artist in South Africa.
# Timbaraba

Timbaraba dispar is a species of beetle in the tribe Bothriospilini (family Cerambycidae), and the only species in the genus Timbaraba. Both the genus and its species were described in 2004 by Brazilian entomologists Marcela Laura Monné and Dilma Solange Napp. Timbaraba dispar occurs in Venezuela. It has filiform (threadlike) antennae with 11 segments, and a trapezoidal mentum. The genus name Timbaraba – an indigenous word that means "sprinkles of white" – refers to the eburneous (resembling ivory) callosities that occur on the elytra.
# Timbarra River

Timbarra River may refer to:
* Timbarra River (New South Wales)
* Timbarra River (Victoria)
# Timbalier Bay

Timbalier Bay is a bay in southeastern Louisiana in the United States.
The bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico and lies near New Orleans along the southwestern coast of Lafouche Parish. Timbalier Island lies between Barataria Bay and the Gulf of Mexico.
The United States Navy seaplane tender USS Timbalier, in commission from 1946 to 1954, was named for Timbalier Bay.
# Thorvald Hansen (composer)

Frederick Thorvald Hansen (3 May 1847 - 24 January 1915) was a Danish trumpeter and composer. As a boy, he learned to play the piano, organ, violin, and later trumpet: with Peter Johan Waldemar Petersen, Danish trumpeter (1824-1901)². In 1867, Hansen joined the Tivoli Concert hall Orchestra and in 1884 he was hired as a solo trumpeter in the Royal Danish Orchestra. At the same time, he played viola and violin in various chamber ensembles. Hansen was for many years organist substitute for cathedral organist J. P. E. Hartmann in the Church of Our Lady. He also composed and has written a number of smaller pieces for piano and trumpet, but also other things such some Progressive End Exercises for Trumpet in F. In 1893 he joined the Royal Danish Academy of Music to teach trumpet there.

## Compositions

* Sonata for cornet and piano in E Flat Major, op. 18 (1915)
* Cantata for the Naval School 200 Annual Fest (1901)
* Vaisenhus-Cantata (1902)
* Quartet for 2 cornets and trombones 2 (1904)
* Suite for orchestra
* Chanson du soir for string orchestra and harp
* Romance with string orchestra and 2 horns
* Serenade for oboe
* Serenade for French horn
* Concert Waltz for Cornet and piano
* Romance for Cornet and piano
* Scherzo for viola and piano
* Concert Wire
* "From Gyldenløve" for voice and piano
² East meets West - The Russian trumpet tradition from the Time of Peter the Great to the October Revolution, E. Tarr, HBS series n° 4, Pendragon Press, 2003, G.G.
* This article about a Danish composer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Çakırpınar, Bilecik

Çakırpınar is a village in the Bilecik District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 54 (2021).
# Bembidion haruspex

Bembidion haruspex is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.
# Guardia Mitre

Guardia Mitre is a village and municipality in the Río Negro Province of Argentina, founded in 1862. Between 1881 and 1946, it was called Coronel Pringles.
# Henry Waterfield

Sir Henry Waterfield, GCIE, KCSI, CB (1837-1913) was a British civil servant who was private secretary to successive Secretaries of State for India, and for 23 years Financial Secretary in the India Office.

## Biography

Waterfield was born in 1837, and entered the civil service at a very young age, in the early 1850s. He came to the India Office in 1858, and worked there for 44 years, as private secretary to successive Secretaries of State for India, and in four different departments; the Military, Public Works, Revenue and Commerce, and Financial departments. In 1879 he was appointed Financial Secretary, and served as such until he resigned in July 1902. Among important events during his tenure was the closing of the Indian mints to silver in 1893, following advise from the Indian Currency Committee. There were also continuous debate about the contribution of the Indian colonies to the Imperial government, which he was instrumental in helping to resolve.
Waterfield was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1885, was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) in 1893, and on his retirement he was appointed a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in the 1902 Coronation Honours.
Following his retirement, he settled in Bournemouth.

## Family

Waterfield married first Catherine Jane Wood (1841-1882). Following her death, he married secondly, in 1885, Mary Augusta Shee, daughter of Edward Obré Shee. There were at least two sons; Richard Waterfield (1875-1959) and Lieutenant Horace Clare Waterfield (d.1918)
# Jurong Brickworks

Jurong Brickworks (Chinese: 裕廊砖厂; pinyin: Yù láng zhuān chǎng) was a private brick manufacturing plant located in Singapore's Jurong area. Originally known as Sin Choon Kee Brickworks (新春记; Xīn chūn jì), it was renamed Jurong Brickworks in the 1930s after being acquired by Chan Wah Chip and Koh Eng Poh. The plant, which was located at 13 milestone, later moved to 11 milestone, and became one of Singapore's largest private brick makers, producing over three million bricks per month in the 1970s.

## History

During the 1930s, the plant's sales were affected by an economic downturn caused by the fall of rubber prices. After a closure of seven to eight months, the plant's owner, Wee Thiam Ghee, passed away at the age of 47 on 21st January 1934. Shortly after, Chan Wah Chip and Koh Eng Poh bought over the plant and increased production to 750,000 bricks per month. The bricks were mainly supplied to British colonial military departments, Singapore harbour board, and Singapore improvement trust.

### World War 2

During the Japanese occupation in World War II, production at the plant ceased, and most of the workers left. However, one employee, Wan Hong Cheong, was paid as a foreman to manage the empty brick kilns. After seven months, the Japanese military took over the operation and management of the plant and hired back a portion of the workers to produce around 1000 bricks per week. Production remained low compared to before, and the workers were given 15kg of rice per month for their work.

### 1970s

In the late 1970s, the plant had over 50 shareholders and 140 workers. It switched to using fully automated brick making machines, which helped increase production to over three million bricks per month. In addition to its brickmaking work, it held two other subsidiaries: Jurong Tile Works, which manufactured and sold tiles and clay products, and JBW Enterprise, an investment holding company. In 1983, Jurong Brickworks announced its plan to be publicly listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange, offering to put up four million shares for sale to the public but its application was turned down by SES. Jurong Brickworks' legacy includes its contribution to the construction industry in Singapore and its eventual expropriation by the government in the early 21st century.

### Production

Initially, brickmaking was a labour-intensive process that involved several manual steps. Workers dug a pit into the top layer of the soil and added water to it. Then, they employed the use of cows or buffaloes to step on the soil until it became a 'gluey paste.' Once the clay was ready, workers would manually mould the bricks, which were then left to dry until most of their moisture had evaporated. Finally, they were sent to a man-made kiln to heat up, a process known as the "open-mouth kiln" in Chinese, which later changed to the British "red hair kiln." With the advent of fully automated brick-making machines, the raw materials were mixed using machines, and the bricks were printed into blocks, enabling a production of up to 100,000 bricks a day.
# Jermaine Ale

Jermaine Ale (born 22 May 1985) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played for the Canberra Raiders club in the National Rugby League competition. His position of choice was on the wing.

## Background

Ale was born in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
While attending Lambton High School, Ale played for the Australian Schoolboys team in 2002.

## Playing career

Ale made his first grade debut for Canberra in round 15 of the 2005 NRL season against Canterbury. Ale played four games for the Canberra club.

## Career playing statistics
### Point scoring summary

| Games | Tries | Goals | F/G | Points |
| 4 | 0 | - | - | 4 |

### Matches played

| Team | Matches | Years |
| Canberra Raiders | 4 | 2005–retired |
# Rik Offenberger

Rik Offenberger (born January 30, 1964) is an American comic book journalist and publicity agent, an early utilizer of the Internet for distributing comics news, and the public relations coordinator of Archie Comics.

## Career

Offenberger started his career in comics as a retailer at Paper Hero Comics in Chino, California. He began writing for the Comics Buyer's Guide in March 1992, where he covered stories about retailers to help promote the comics shop. Following work on the Comics Buyer's Guide, he began working for the British Borderline Comics Magazine until it was discontinued. This was followed by a move to the Internet, where he worked as an interviewer and senior feature editor at Silver Bullet Comic Books (now Comics Bulletin), conducting interviews with comics professionals. In 2004 he began producing trend-oriented interviews for Newsarama and by 2005 he was writing for both Newsarama and Comic Book Resources.
In December 2005, Offenberger succeeded Alex Segura as Public Relations Coordinator of Archie Comics.
Since 2012, Offenberger has been on the Nominating Committee of the Inkwell Awards.
In 2022, Offenberger was a judge for the Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards
In 2023, he was awarded the Inkwell Awards Above & Beyond Award for his ten years on its nomination committee.

## Super Hero News

In October 1998, Offenberger founded Super Hero News, an Internet-based comics-news service utilizing the Yahoo! List server. While the service primarily distributes affiliate press releases, it's also been used as a vehicle for debate and contention by some of its members.

## First Comics News

In April, 2010, Offenberger, Phil Latter and Ric Croxton founded First Comics News, a web-based division of Super Hero News, covering comics, gaming, wrestling and related pop-culture topics. The name is derived from one of the early independent comics publishers of the 1980s, First Comics. The site logo was also fashioned after the publisher's imprint trademark. The site carries comics news, publisher solicitations, opinion columns, interviews, podcasts and reviews. Contributors include Beau Smith, Bob Almond, Holly Golightly, Ian Flynn, Michael Netzer, Mark Heike and cosplay actress Tanya Tate. The site maintains offices in Canada and Europe.
In January, 2011, First Comics News announced the winners of its first annual First Place Awards. First Comics News itself was a 2012 Eagle Award nominee.

## G-Man Comics

G-Man Comics, established June 22, 2019, is a guild style publisher featuring characters created by Rik Offenberger, Jim Burrows, and Eric N. Bennett, among others. Although each creator owns exclusive rights to their creation, they occupy a shared universe. The comic features traditional style superheroes.
# Rik Pinxten

Rik Pinxten (born 12 March 1947 in Antwerp) is a professor and researcher in cultural anthropology at Ghent University. Between 2003 and 2010 he was chairman of the Liberal Humanist Association of Flanders, the Flemish section of The Humanist Association (Belgium). He is chairman of the Center for Intercultural Communication and Interaction (CICI) of the University of Ghent. Together with Gerard Mortier, he was an advocate for the creation of the progressive Music Forum "The Krook" in Ghent. In 2004, he received the Ark Prize of the Free Word for his book The Artistic Society.
Pinxten conducted his fieldwork with the Navajo people. He is an advocate for interculturalism over multiculturalism, arguing for dialogue and interaction between different communities based on a strong identity.
# Kubin, Azerbaijan

Kubin is a village and municipality in the Masally Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 509.
# Richmond Rebels (Continental Football League)

The Richmond Rebels were a professional American football team based in Richmond, Virginia. They began play in 1964 as a member of the Atlantic Coast Football League. The Rebels became a charter member of the Continental Football League in 1965. The team consistently lost money for its owners, so after the 1966 COFL season the franchise was first put up for sale and then returned to the league. When new ownership could not be found the team's players were offered in a dispersal draft, putting an end to the franchise.
They were the third Richmond team to carry the "Rebels" name. The previous two played in the Virginia-Carolina Football League in 1937, and in the Dixie League/American Association from 1946 to 1950.

## Season-by-season

| | Year | League | W | L | T | Finish | Coach |
| Richmond Rebels | 1964 | Atlantic Coast Football League | 8 | 5 | 1 | 4th, Southern Division | Pete Pihos |
| Richmond Rebels | 1965 | Continental Football League | 6 | 8 | 0 | 3rd, Western Division | Pete Pihos |
| Richmond Rebels | 1966 | Continental Football League | 4 | 10 | 0 | 4th, Western Division | Steve Sucic |
# Ridgedale, Winnipeg

Ridgedale is an affluent residential suburban neighbourhood in Charleswood, Winnipeg. It is bordered on the north by the Assiniboine River, the Charleswood Parkway to the east, Roblin Boulevard to the south.
Ridgedale is part of the Assiniboine South Neighbourhood Cluster. It is part of the Winnipeg electoral ward of Charleswood - Tuxedo - Westwood, the provincial electoral district of Roblin and the federal riding of Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley.

## Demographics

The neighbourhood is predominantly white, affluent and anglophone. According to the 2016 Census, the neighbourhood is 85.2% Anglophone. The neighbourhood is majority white, with the largest non-white ethnic group being South or Southeast Asian (6.3%)
The average income for the neighbourhood is $183,408 which is four times higher than the city average of $44,915.
The neighbourhood is almost entirely single-detached houses.

## Amenities

Ridgewood is home to two parks: Moug Park and Daniel Flood Green Park.

## Points of Interest

Odd Fellows Home is a building originally built in 1922 as a home for elderly members of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and their spouses, as well as orphanage for children of deceased members. The area has been redeveloped into an assisted living facility called Assiniboine Links and the land behind converted into residences.
# Ridged mirror

In atomic physics, a ridged mirror (or ridged atomic mirror, or Fresnel diffraction mirror) is a kind of atomic mirror, designed for the specular reflection of neutral particles (atoms) coming at a grazing incidence angle. In order to reduce the mean attraction of particles to the surface and increase the reflectivity, this surface has narrow ridges.

## Reflectivity of ridged atomic mirrors

Various estimates for the efficiency of quantum reflection of waves from ridged mirror were discussed in the literature. All the estimates explicitly use the de Broglie theory about wave properties of reflected atoms.

### Scaling of the van der Waals force

The ridges enhance the quantum reflection from the surface, reducing the effective constant $~C~$ of the van der Waals attraction of atoms to the surface. Such interpretation leads to the estimate of the reflectivity
    $\displaystyle r\approx r_{0}\!\left({\frac {\ell }{L}}C,\!~K\sin(\theta )\right)$,
where $~\ell ~$ is width of the ridges, $~L~$ is distance between ridges, $\displaystyle ~\theta ~$ is grazing angle, and $~K=mV/\hbar ~$ is wavenumber and $~r_{0}(C,k)~$ is coefficient of reflection of atoms with wavenumber $~k~$ from a flat surface at the normal incidence. Such estimate predicts the enhancement of the reflectivity at the increase of period $~L~$; this estimate is valid at $KL\!~\theta ^{2}\ll 1$. See quantum reflection for the approximation (fit) of the function $~r_{0}~$.

### Interpretation as Zeno effect

For narrow ridges with large period $L$, the ridges just blocks the part of the wavefront. Then, it can be interpreted in terms of the Fresnel diffraction of the de Broglie wave, or the Zeno effect; such interpretation leads to the estimate the reflectivity
    $~\displaystyle r\approx \exp \!\left(-{\sqrt {8\!~K\!~L}}~\theta \right)~$,
where the grazing angle $\displaystyle ~\theta ~$ is supposed to be small. This estimate predicts enhancement of the reflectivity at the reduction of period $~L~$. This estimate requires that $~\ell /L\ll 1~$.

### Fundamental limit

For efficient ridged mirrors, both estimates above should predict high reflectivity. This implies reduction of both, width, $\ell$ of the ridges and the period, $L$. The width of the ridges cannot be smaller than the size of an atom; this sets the limit of performance of the ridged mirrors.

## Applications of ridged mirrors

Ridged mirrors are not yet commercialized, although certain achievements can be mentioned. The reflectivity of a ridged atomic mirror can be orders of magnitude better than that of a flat surface. The use of a ridged mirror as an atomic hologram has been demonstrated. In Shimizu's and Fujita's work, atom holography is achieved via electrodes implanted into SiN$_4$ film over an atomic mirror, or maybe as the atomic mirror itself.
Ridged mirrors can also reflect visible light; however, for light waves, the performance is not better than that of a flat surface. An ellipsoidal ridged mirror is proposed as the focusing element for an atomic optical system with submicrometre resolution (atomic nanoscope).
# Ridgedale, Saskatchewan

Ridgedale (2016 population: 55) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Connaught No. 457 and Census Division No. 14. It is situated on the banks of the Carrot River.

## History

Ridgedale incorporated as a village on December 15, 1921.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Ridgedale had a population of 65 living in 27 of its 40 total private dwellings, a change of 18.2% from its 2016 population of 55. With a land area of 0.65 km$^2$ (0.25 sq mi), it had a population density of 100.0/km$^2$ (259.0/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Ridgedale recorded a population of 55 living in 29 of its 41 total private dwellings, a -45.5% change from its 2011 population of 80. With a land area of 0.72 km$^2$ (0.28 sq mi), it had a population density of 76.4/km$^2$ (197.8/sq mi) in 2016.
# Krzysztof Grzymułtowski

Krzysztof Grzymułtowski (Polish pronunciation:; 1620–1687) was a Polish voivod of Poznań Voivodship, diplomat and member of Polish sejm. His Coat of Arms was Nieczuja.
He was born to Stanisław Grzymułtowski, bailiff of Środa Śląska, and Katarzyna. In 1649 he was elected to the sejm. In 1652 he was one of the diplomats to sign a peace treaty with Sweden. In 1656 he was granted with the title of voivod of Poznań and Poznań Voivodship. He took part in the Rokosz Lubomirskiego against the king Jan II Kazimierz. He took part in the Battle of Mątwy in 1666.
In 1686 he was chosen as one of the envoys to Moscow, where he signed the Eternal Peace Treaty with Russia, sometimes referred to as Grzymułtowski's Treaty.
* This biography of a Polish noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Kuchh Na Kaho

"Kuchh Na Kaho" is a romantic Hindi song from the film 1942: A Love Story. The song was composed by R. D. Burman with lyrics by Javed Akhtar and vocals by Kumar Sanu. It was the swan song of R. D. Burman, released three months after his death (January 1994). It is composed in the Dadra taal. Ronu Majumdar played the flute. Along with Ek Ladki Ko Dekha from the same movie, the song represented Kumar Sanu's peak as a singer. He also said on interview, this song "kuch na kaho" is used as treatment for cerebral palsy patients.
The song had another version, recorded by Lata Mangeshkar after RD Burman's death. This sad version was not well received by some critics. Noted film critic Raju Bharatan, who also wrote a biography of Lata Mangeshkar, remarked "we tuneful watchers agonized at the way Lata played such vocal havoc with Kuchh na kaho". Kavita Krishnamurthy had earlier recorded the sad version of the song on 15 July 1993, but her rendition was not released.