# Jena II

Jena II is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Thuringia. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 38. It covers the eastern part of Jena.
Jena I was created for the 1994 state election. Since 2009, it has been represented by Lena Saniye Güngör of The Left.

## Geography

As of the 2019 state election, Jena II covers the eastern part of Jena, specifically the city districts (Ortsteile) of Drackendorf, Ilmnitz, Jenaprießnitz/Wogau, Kernberge, Kunitz/Laasan, Lobeda-Altstadt, Löbstedt, Neulobeda, Wenigenjena, Wöllnitz, Ziegenhain, and Zwätzen.

## Members

The constituency was first won by the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1994, and represented by Gerd Schuchardt. It was won by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and in 1999 and represented by Andreas Trautvetter, who was re-elected in 2004. In 2009, the constituency was won by Gudrun Lukin of The Left. She was re-elected in 2014 and 2019. In 2024, Lena Saniye Güngör held the seat for The Left.
| Election | Member | Party | % |
| 1994 | Gerd Schuchardt | SPD | 40.1 |
| 1999 | Andreas Trautvetter | CDU | 36.2 |
| 2004 | Andreas Trautvetter | CDU | 32.8 |
| 2009 | Gudrun Lukin | LINKE | 28.9 |
| 2014 | Gudrun Lukin | LINKE | 34.3 |
| 2019 | Gudrun Lukin | LINKE | 32.3 |
| 2024 | Lena Saniye Güngör | LINKE | 25.1 |

## Election results
### 2024 election

State election (2024): Jena II :
| Notes: | Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
| Party | Party | Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
| | Left | Lena Saniye Güngör | Lena Saniye Güngör | 6,585 | 25.1 | 7.2 | 5,191 | 19.7 | 17.9 |
| | CDU | Konstantin Freuer | Konstantin Freuer | 5,979 | 22.8 | 4.9 | 5,659 | 21.4 | 7.2 |
| | AfD | Tim Egon Beutler | Tim Egon Beutler | 5,071 | 19.3 | 4.4 | 4,945 | 18.7 | 4.1 |
| | BSW | Patrizia Hertlein | Patrizia Hertlein | 3,360 | 12.8 | | 4,052 | 15.4 | |
| | SPD | Lutz Liebscher | Lutz Liebscher | 2,957 | 11.3 | 2.3 | 2,712 | 10.3 | 1.3 |
| | Greens | Wolfgang Volkmer | Wolfgang Volkmer | 1,569 | 6.0 | 7.8 | 2,487 | 9.4 | 2.3 |
| | FDP | Stefan Beyer | Stefan Beyer | 748 | 2.8 | 11.0 | 417 | 1.6 | 10.1 |
| | FW | | | | | | 235 | 0.9 | |
| | APT | | | | | | 211 | 0.8 | 0.1 |
| | Pirates | | | | | | 119 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| | BD | | | | | | 108 | 0.4 | |
| | Values | | | | | | 108 | 0.4 | |
| | Familie | | | | | | 81 | 0.3 | |
| | ÖDP | | | | | | 45 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| | MLPD | | | | | | 23 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 260 | | | 136 | | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 26,269 | | | 26,393 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 26,529 | 76.6 | 7.6 | | | |
| | Left hold | Left hold | Majority | 606 | 2.3 | 12.1 | | | |

### 2019 election

State election (2019): Jena II :
| Notes: | Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
| Party | Party | Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
| | Left | Y Gudrun Lukin | Y Gudrun Lukin | 7,885 | 32.3 | 2.0 | 9,215 | 37.6 | 6.0 |
| | CDU | Rosa Maria Haschke | Rosa Maria Haschke | 4,376 | 17.9 | 15.1 | 3,488 | 14.2 | 13.3 |
| | AfD | Tosca Kniese | Tosca Kniese | 3,642 | 14.9 | | 3,587 | 14.6 | 5.4 |
| | Greens | Kathleen Lützkendorf | Kathleen Lützkendorf | 3,382 | 13.8 | 4.2 | 2,859 | 11.7 | 0.3 |
| | FDP | Ute Bergner | Ute Bergner | 2,537 | 10.4 | 6.2 | 1,490 | 7.9 | 4.3 |
| | SPD | Lutz Liebscher | Lutz Liebscher | 2,203 | 9.0 | 7.3 | 2,193 | 9.0 | 2.9 |
| | Free Voters | Günter Brinkmann | Günter Brinkmann | 213 | 0.9 | | | | |
| | Independent | Michael Bruner | Michael Bruner | 131 | 0.5 | | | | |
| | MLPD | Anatole Braungart | Anatole Braungart | 56 | 0.2 | | 49 | 0.2 | |
| | List-only parties | | | | | | 1,613 | 6.6 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 263 | | | 194 | | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 24,425 | | | 24,494 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 24,688 | 69.0 | 12.9 | | | |
| | Left hold | Left hold | Majority | 3,509 | 14.4 | 13.1 | | | |

### 2014 election

State election (2014): Jena II :
| Notes: | Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
| Party | Party | Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
| | Left | Y Gudrun Lukin | Y Gudrun Lukin | 6,464 | 34.3 | 5.4 | 6,007 | 31.6 | 4.0 |
| | CDU | Dietmar Schuchardt | Dietmar Schuchardt | 6,210 | 33.0 | 11.5 | 5,141 | 27.1 | 4.2 |
| | SPD | Jörg Vogel | Jörg Vogel | 3,073 | 16.3 | 8.4 | 2,269 | 11.9 | 11.0 |
| | Greens | Olaf Müller | Olaf Müller | 1,814 | 9.6 | 0.2 | 2,164 | 11.4 | 0.0 |
| | AfD | | | | | | 1,741 | 9.2 | |
| | FDP | Thomas Nitzsche | Thomas Nitzsche | 785 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 686 | 3.6 | 4.9 |
| | NPD | Dietmar Hafenrichter | Dietmar Hafenrichter | 476 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 241 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
| | List-only parties | | | | | | 753 | 4.0 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 336 | | | 156 | | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 18,822 | | | 19,002 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 19,158 | 56.1 | 1.9 | | | |
| | Left hold | Left hold | Majority | 254 | 1.3 | 2.9 | | | |

### 2009 election

State election (2009): Jena II :
| Notes: | Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
| Party | Party | Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
| | Left | Gudrun Lukin | Gudrun Lukin | 5,740 | 28.9 | 0.3 | 5,497 | 27.6 | 0.0 |
| | SPD | Jörg Vogel | Jörg Vogel | 4,909 | 24.7 | 1.8 | 4,564 | 22.9 | 4.0 |
| | CDU | Bernward Müller | Bernward Müller | 4,271 | 21.5 | 11.3 | 4,575 | 22.9 | 8.8 |
| | Greens | Pierre Georg | Pierre Georg | 1,861 | 9.4 | 2.8 | 2,270 | 11.4 | 1.4 |
| | FDP | Andreas Wiese | Andreas Wiese | 1,664 | 8.4 | 3.6 | 1,700 | 8.5 | 4.3 |
| | Free Voters | Norbert Plandor | Norbert Plandor | 901 | 4.5 | | 660 | 3.3 | 1.7 |
| | NPD | Hans-Jürgen Buhler | Hans-Jürgen Buhler | 533 | 2.7 | | 487 | 2.4 | 1.0 |
| | List-only parties | | | | | | 194 | 1.0 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 340 | | | 272 | | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 19,879 | | | 19,947 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 20,219 | 58.0 | 1.1 | | | |
| | Left gain from CDU | Left gain from CDU | Majority | 831 | 4.2 | | | | |

### 2004 election

State election (2004): Jena II :
| Notes: | Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
| Party | Party | Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
| | CDU | Y Andreas Trautvetter | Y Andreas Trautvetter | 6,229 | 32.8 | 3.4 | 6,083 | 31.7 | 8.5 |
| | PDS | Gudrun Lukin | Gudrun Lukin | 5,540 | 29.2 | 5.0 | 5,297 | 27.6 | 1.9 |
| | SPD | Christoph Matschie | Christoph Matschie | 5,031 | 26.5 | 4.5 | 3,619 | 18.9 | 3.9 |
| | Greens | Olaf Möller | Olaf Möller | 1,257 | 6.6 | 3.1 | 1,913 | 10.0 | 5.6 |
| | FDP | Gernot Poßögel | Gernot Poßögel | 919 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 800 | 4.2 | 2.4 |
| | List-only parties | | | | | | 1,454 | 7.6 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 992 | | | 802 | | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 18,976 | | | 19,166 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 19,968 | 56.9 | 2.3 | | | |
| | CDU hold | CDU hold | Majority | 689 | 3.6 | 1.6 | | | |

### 1999 election

State election (1999): Jena II :
| Notes: | Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
| Party | Party | Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
| | CDU | Andreas Trautvetter | Andreas Trautvetter | 7,294 | 36.2 | 7.6 | 8,109 | 40.2 | 11.2 |
| | SPD | N Gerd Schuchardt | N Gerd Schuchardt | 6,243 | 31.0 | 9.1 | 4,605 | 22.8 | 11.0 |
| | PDS | Sabine Hoffmann | Sabine Hoffmann | 4,877 | 24.2 | 6.0 | 5,187 | 25.7 | 4.2 |
| | Greens | Olaf Möller | Olaf Möller | 696 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 889 | 4.4 | 3.2 |
| | REP | Heinz-Joachim Herbert Schneider | Heinz-Joachim Herbert Schneider | 481 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 203 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| | FDP | Holger Glaeske | Holger Glaeske | 400 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 362 | 1.8 | 2.2 |
| | Independent | Irene Jüngling-Melnikow | Irene Jüngling-Melnikow | 176 | 0.9 | | | | |
| | List-only parties | | | | | | 821 | 4.1 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 201 | | | 192 | | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 20,167 | | | 20,176 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 20,368 | 59.2 | 17.2 | | | |
| | CDU gain from SPD | CDU gain from SPD | Majority | 1,051 | 5.2 | | | | |

### 1994 election

State election (1994): Jena II :
| Notes: | Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. |
| Party | Party | Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
| | SPD | Gerd Schuchardt | Gerd Schuchardt | 11,032 | 40.1 | | 9,279 | 33.8 | |
| | CDU | | | 7,861 | 28.6 | | 7,952 | 29.0 | |
| | PDS | | | 5,008 | 18.2 | | 5,915 | 21.5 | |
| | Greens | | | 1,677 | 6.1 | | 2,081 | 7.6 | |
| | FDP | | | 934 | 3.4 | | 1,108 | 4.0 | |
| | Independent | | | 535 | 1.9 | | | | |
| | REP | | | 433 | 1.6 | | 411 | 1.5 | |
| | List-only parties | | | | | | 713 | 2.6 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 679 | | | 700 | | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 27,480 | | | 27,459 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 28,159 | 76.4 | | | | |
| | SPD win new seat | SPD win new seat | Majority | 3,171 | 11.5 | | | | |