OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Weil–Felix test

The Weil–Felix test is an agglutination test for the diagnosis of rickettsial infections. It was first described in 1916. By virtue of its long history and of its simplicity, it has been one of the most widely employed tests for rickettsia on a global scale, despite being superseded in many settings by more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. The Weil–Felix antibody was recently found to target the rickettsial lipopolysaccharide O-antigen.

## History and basis for test

The basis of the test is the presence of antigenic cross-reactivity between Rickettsia spp. and certain serotypes of non-motile Proteus spp., a phenomenon first published by Edmund Weil and Arthur Felix in 1916. Weil-Felix is a nonspecific agglutination test which detects anti-rickettsial antibodies in patient’s serum. Weil-Felix test is based on cross-reactions which occur between antibodies produced in acute rickettsial infections with antigens of OX (OX 19, OX 2, and OXK) strains of Proteus species. Dilution of patient’s serum are tested against suspensions of the different Proteus strains. William James Wilson (1879-1954) had noticed a similar cross reaction of anti-rickettsial antobodies with other enteric bacteria.
Typhus group rickettsiae (Rickettsia prowazekii, R. typhi) react with P. vulgaris OX19, and scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi) reacts with P. mirabilis OXK. The spotted fever group rickettsiae (R. rickettsii, R. africae, R. japonica, etc.) react with P. vulgaris OX2 and OX19, to varying degrees, depending on the species.
The Weil–Felix test suffers from poor sensitivity and specificity, with a recent study showing an overall sensitivity as low as 33% and specificity of 46%. Other studies have had similar findings. As a result, it has largely been supplanted by other methods of serology, including indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) testing, which is the gold standard. However, in resource-limited settings, it still remains an important tool in the diagnosis and identification of public health concerns, such as outbreaks of epidemic typhus.

## Procedure

The Weil–Felix test can be done as either a slide or a tube test. The antigens necessary (OX2, OX19, and OXK) can be obtained commercially.

### Slide method

* Place 50–100 μL of patient serum on the slide
* Add a drop of desired antigen (Proteus OX19 or OX2 or OXK)
* Mix the suspension by rotating the slide for 1 minutes
* Visible agglutination indicates the positive test.

### Tube method

Using 0.25% phenol saline as a diluent, a series of tubes containing twofold dilutions of patient serum are made with a final volume of 1 mL. A drop of antigen suspension is added to each tube, and the mixture is incubated at 50–55 °C for 4–6 hours. A positive tube would show visible flocculation or granulation, which is accentuated when the tube is gently agitated. The titer corresponds to the most dilute tube in the series that still shows positivity. Generally, a titer of ≥1:320 is considered diagnostic.
# South African Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association

The South African Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (SAHPA) is a membership-based organisation which represents the interests of pilots partaking in Paragliding, Hang-Gliding and related air-sports.
All pilots that part take in these sports must be licensed by the South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA), as required by the Civil Aviation Act.
SAHPA is also a section of the Aero Club of South Africa, therefore SAHPA members are also required to be Aero Club Members.

## Scope

SAHPA focuses on the following sports:
* paragliding
* hang gliding
* powered paragliding
* powered hang gliding
* and para-trikes.

## Mandate

SAHPA has been mandated by the South African Civil Aviation Authority (see “South African Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, as amended, Regulation 149.01.1) to:
* To oversee and develop the safe operation of its members and continuously evaluate compliance with the condition of its approved MOP, the SACAR and standards as determined by RAASA
* To advise CAASA on regulatory amendments applicable to its operation
* To notify CAASA of any-non-compliance by its members of its MOP
* Approval subject to regular review and audits as required by CAASA from time to time”
All pilots that take part in these sports in South Africa must do so with a valid pilot licence. Foreign pilots may obtain a Foreign Pilot Permit from SAHPA by providing their IPPI Card for validation.

## Site Guide

The SAHPA Site Guide is an ongoing project supported by volunteers who contribute their insight and experience. It is based on, and includes original content from Greg Hamerton’s Fresh Air Site Guide (5th edition, 2006).
# Isopogon tridens

Isopogon tridens, commonly known as the three-toothed coneflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a shrub with wedge-shaped leaves with two or three sharply-pointed teeth, and flattened-spherical heads of glabrous creamy white, sometimes purple flowers.

## Description

Isopogon tridens is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 1–1.5 m (3 ft 3 in – 4 ft 11 in) and has hairy, pale reddish to greyish-brown branchlets. The leaves are wedge-shaped, 35–85 mm (1.4–3.3 in) long, with two or three sharply-pointed lobes or teeth near the tip. The flowers are arranged on the ends of branchlets in sessile, flattened-spherical heads 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) in diameter with hairy, broadly egg-shaped involucral bracts at the base. The flowers are more or less glabrous, creamy white or rarely deep purple, and 22–28 mm (0.87–1.10 in) long. Flowering occurs from June to July and the fruit is a hairy nut, fused with others in a flattened-spherical head about 20 mm (0.79 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy

Three-toothed coneflower was first formally described in 1855 by Carl Meissner who gave it the name Isopogon trilobus var. tridens in Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany from specimens collected by James Drummond. In 1868, Ferdinand von Mueller changed the name to Isopogon tridens in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae.

## Distribution and habitat

Isopogon tridens usually grows in shrubland or heath and in a small area from near the Arrowsmith River to Eneabba in the Geraldton Sandplains biogeographic region in the south-west of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

This isopogon is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Kui, Hiroshima

Kui (久井町, Kui-chō) was a town located in Mitsugi District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,392 and a density of 86.73 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 62.17 km$^2$.
On March 22, 2005, Kui, along with the town of Daiwa (from Kamo District), and the town of Hongō (from Toyota District), was merged into the expanded city of Mihara and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
# Sumithra Kamaraj

Sumithra Kamaraj (born 5 July 1994) is an Indian professional footballer and football coach from Tamil Nadu, who plays as a midfielder for Pudhuvai Unicorns in the Indian Women's League 2. She is also the assistant coach of Pudhuvai Unicorns. She has also represented Sethu in the Indian Women's League and represented the India women's national football team for the 2020 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament.

## Early life

Sumithra along with her friend Sandhiya Ranganathan grew up in an orphanage in Tamil Nadu where she fell in love with football. She did her studies at St. Joseph's College of Arts and Sciences, Cuddalore. Later, both played for India. She lives in Cuddalore.

## Football career

In her Class 8, she was selected for the Indian Under-14 team. In 2016–17, Sumithra played for the Jeppier Institute of Technology FC in the inaugural IWL. In 2018, she Joined Sethu FC. In 2019, she played the South Asian Games at Kathmandu where India bagged the gold medal. In April 2022, she toured Jordan as part of the Indian team to play two matches against Egypt and Jordan.

## International goals

    Scores and results list India's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 21 January 2019 | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | 4–2 | 5–2 | Friendly |
| 2. | 1 March 2019 | Alanya, Turkey | Turkmenistan | 8–0 | 10–0 | 2019 Turkish Women's Cup |

## Honours

India
* SAFF Women's Championship: 2016, 2019
* South Asian Games Gold medal: 2019
# Bodianus flavifrons

Bodianus flavifrons, the masked pigfish, is a species of wrasse found in the south-western Pacific Ocean.

## Description

This species reaches a length of 42.2 cm (16.6 in).
# Janyk

Janyk is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Britt Janyk (born 1980), Canadian alpine skier
* Michael Janyk (born 1982), Canadian alpine skier
# Wyethia

Wyethia is a genus of North American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. First published by Thomas Nuttall in J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 on page 39 in 1834.
These plants are commonly referred to as mule's ears. They are short, low to the ground golden-rayed wildflowers that resemble miniature sunflowers. The genus is named for an early explorer of the western United States, American Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth, 1802–1856.

## Species

As accepted by Kew; and Biota of North America Program;
* Wyethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt. - northern mule's ears, black sunflower - WA OR ID MT NV WY UT CO
* Wyethia angustifolia Nutt. - California compassplant, narrowleaf wyethia - WA OR CA
* Wyethia arizonica A.Gray - Arizona mule's ears - AZ NM UT CO
* Wyethia x cusickii Piper - OR ID NV
* Wyethia glabra A.Gray - Coast Range mule's ears - CA
* Wyethia helenioides Nutt. - gray mule's ears, whitehead mule's ears - CA
* Wyethia helianthoides Nutt. - sunflower mule's ears - OR ID NV WY MT
* Wyethia longicaulis A.Gray - Humboldt mule's ears - CA
* Wyethia mollis A.Gray - woolly mule's ears - CA OR NV
* Wyethia × magna A.Nelson ex W.A.Weber - CO NM
* Wyethia ovata - California, Baja California
* Wyethia sagittata (Pursh) Mabb. - Oregon

### formerly included;

Agnorhiza. Scabrethia and Vigethia
# Hongxing

Hongxing may refer to:
In the People's Republic of China:
* Hongxing District, a district of the city of Yichun, Heilongjiang province
* Hongxing, Harbin, a town in the Harbin prefecture of Heilongjiang
* Hongxing, Mingshan County, a town in the Mingshan County of Sichuan
* Hongxing Township, Yi County, Anhui, a township-level division of Anhui
* Hongxing Township, Yongtai County, a township-level division of Fujian
* Hongxing Township, Zhao'an County, a township-level division of Fujian
* Hongxing Subdistrict, Baoding, a township-level division of Hebei
* Hongxing Subdistrict, Yichun, Heilongjiang, a township-level division of Heilongjiang
* Hongxing Township, Jixi, a township-level division of Heilongjiang
* Hongxing Township, Lanxi County, a township-level division of Heilongjiang
* Hongxing Township, Yi'an County, a township-level division of Heilongjiang
# Capitoline Base

The Capitoline Base or Vicomagistri Base is a marble statue base dedicated to Hadrian in 136 by the 'vicomagistri' or masters of the shrines and temples of Rome. It is vital in reconstructing the topography of ancient Rome, since it lists the vicomagistri shrine by shrine. It was found on the Capitoline Hill in the 15th century and is now held in the Capitoline Museums.
# Isopogon scabriusculus

Isopogon scabriusculus is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southwestern Western Australia. It is a shrub with cylindrical, or narrow flat, sometimes forked leaves, and spherical to oval heads of pink or red flowers.

## Description

Isopogon scabriusculus is a shrub that typically grows to about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high and wide, with reddish brown or greyish branchlets. The leaves are cylindrical, grooved or flat and narrow, up to 180 mm (7.1 in) long, sometimes forked with the undivided part up to 95 mm (3.7 in) long. The flowers are mostly arranged on the ends of branchlets, in sessile, spherical to oval heads up to 30 mm (1.2 in) in diameter with overlapping, egg-shaped involucral bracts at the base. The flowers are red or pink, sometimes hairy and the fruit is a hairy nut about 3.5 mm (0.14 in) long, fused with others in a spherical head up to 16 mm (0.63 in) long in diameter.

## Taxonomy

Isopogon scabriusculus was first formally described in 1856 by Carl Meissner in de Candolle's Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. (Meissner had previously published the name Isopogon scabriusculus in 1852 but without a description.)
In 1995, Donald Bruce Foreman described three subspecies of I. scabriusculus in Flora of Australia and the names are accepted at the Australian Plant Census.
* Isopogon scabriusculus subsp. pubifloris Foreman is a shrub up to 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) tall with simple, cylindrical leaves up to 130 mm (5.1 in) long, hairy pink flowers up to 16 mm (0.63 in) long from September to November, and fruiting cones up to about 12 mm (0.47 in) diameter.
* Isopogon scabriusculus Meisn. subsp. scabriusculus is a shrub up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) tall with flat, sometimes three-lobed leaves up to 180 mm (7.1 in) long, glabrous pink flowers up to 15 mm (0.59 in) long from July to October, and fruiting cones up to about 16 mm (0.63 in) diameter.
* Isopogon scabriusculus subsp. stenophyllus Foreman is a shrub up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) tall with simple, grooved leaves oval in cross-section, up to 160 mm (6.3 in) long, glabrous red or pink flowers up to 15 mm (0.59 in) long from July to October, and fruiting cones about 12 mm (0.47 in) diameter.
The specific epithet (scabriusculus) means "minutely scabrous",$^{:301}$ pubiflorus means "softly hairy-flowered"$^{:377}$ and stenophyllus means "narrow-leaved".$^{:382}$

## Distribution and habitat

Isopogon scabriusculus is widespread in the south-west of Western Australia where it grows on sandplains and ridges. Subspecies pubifloris grows in scrub, shrubland and woodland between Hyden, Southern Cross, Coolgardie, Lake King and the Frank Hann National Park. Subspecies scabriusculus grows in mallee, scrub and heath between Mullewa and Newdegate and subspecies stenophyllus grows in heath and shrubland, mainly between Wubin, Southern Cross and Newdegate.

## Conservation status

All three subspecies of I. scabriusculus are classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Kugler

Kugler is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Franz Theodor Kugler (1808-1858), German writer and art historian
* Franz Xaver Kugler (1862-1929), German chemist, mathematician, astronomer and Assyriologist
* Hans Gottfried Kugler (1893–1986), Swiss geologist
* Israel Kugler (1917-2007) American professor of sociology
* Jacek Kugler (born 1942), American professor of political science
* Richard Kugler, American writer
* Sean Kugler (born 1966), American football coach
* Victor Kugler, also known as 'Mr Kraler', one of the people who helped hide Anne Frank and her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands
Variations of the name include, but are not limited to: Coughler, Kooglar, Coughlin, Koeler, Coughlan, Coglar, Koglar, Koglin
# Sumitani

Sumitani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ginjiro Sumitani (炭谷 銀仁朗, born 1987), Japanese baseball player
* Masaki Sumitani (住谷 正樹, born 1975), Japanese comedian and wrestler
* Masamine Sumitani (隅谷 正峯, 1921–1998), Japanese swordsmith
* Sosuke Sumitani (炭谷 宗佑, born 1980), Japanese television announcer
# Bodianus loxozonus

Bodianus loxozonus, the blackfin hogfish, is a species of wrasse. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean.

## Description

This species reaches a length of 47.0 cm (18.5 in).
# Survival in space

Survival in space may refer to:
* Space and survival, about survival of humanity by space colonization
* Survivability of individuals in space, as described in:
** Life support system
** Effect of spaceflight on the human body
# Hongxian

Hongxian may refer to:
* Red thread of fate (紅線; hóngxiàn), invisible thread that connects destined lovers in traditional Chinese belief
* "The Tale of Hongxian", a Chinese legend about a female assassin named Hongxian (literally: Red Thread)
* Hongxian (洪憲; 1916), era name of Yuan Shikai's reign as Chinese Emperor
# Those Who Love (novel)

Those Who Love is a biographical novel of John Adams, as told from the perspective of his wife, Abigail Adams. It was written by American author Irving Stone.
# Mandaic

Mandaic may refer to:
* Mandaic language
* Mandaic alphabet
** Mandaic (Unicode block)
# Isopogon trilobus

Isopogon trilobus, commonly known as barrel coneflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to South Coast Western Australia. It is a shrub with wedge-shaped leaves with lobed or toothed margins, and oval, spherical or barrel-shaped heads of cream-coloured to yellow flowers.

## Description

Isopogon trilobus grows as a shrub anywhere from 30 to 2 m (98.4 to 6.6 ft) in height. The new stems are pale to reddish brown, and initially covered with small fine hairs before becoming smooth. The leaves are 40–70 mm (1.6–2.8 in) long and have three to nine teeth or three to five lobes deep lobes, the teeth or lobes with a sharp point on the end. The flowers are arranged on the ends of branchlets in sessile, oval, spherical or barrel-shaped heads 25–30 mm (0.98–1.18 in) wide with hairy, broadly egg-shaped involucral bracts at the base. The flowers are silky-hairy, cream-coloured to yellow, and 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long. Flowering occurs from September to December and the fruit is a hairy oval nut, fused with others in a barrel-shaped head about 28 mm (1.1 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy

Isopogon trilobus was first formally described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in Transactions of the Linnean Society. Isopogon tripartitus R.Br., that Brown described in 1830 in the Supplementum to his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen, is now considered a synonym of the older name. The specific epithet (trilobus) is derived from the Latin tri- "three", and lobus "lobe", and relates to the leaves. The epithet tripartitus means "divided into three parts".

## Distribution and habitat

Barrel coneflower is widespread from the Stirling Range east to Israelite Bay along the south coast of Western Australia where it grows on sandplains, dunes or rocky outcrops, on sandy soils, sometimes over laterite, in heathland or shrubland communities.

## Ecology

The colletid bee Hylaeus sanguinipictus and halictid bee Lasioglossum caesium have been recorded visiting the flowerheads of Isopogon trilobus.

## Use in horticulture

Sensitive to Phytophthora cinnamomi dieback, I. trilobus requires excellent drainage and full sun. It will likely not tolerate humid climates. Grafting onto eastern species such as I.anethifolius or I.dawsonii could render it more adaptable to a wider climatic range. Its dense habit and large fruit give it its horticultural potential.
# Cass Area Transit

Cass Area Transit is the primary provider of mass transportation in Logansport, Indiana with one route serving the region. As of 2019, the system provided 148,423 rides over 71,225 annual vehicle revenue hours with 2 buses and 24 paratransit vehicles.

## History

Public transit in Logansport began with mulecars in 1883, with the Logansport Street Railway Co. From 1891 to 1892, the mulecars were replaced with streetcars, which in turn were replaced by buses in 1932. The Logansport city bus added Saturday service in 2016, alongside extended hours and new stops.

## Service

Cass Area Transit operates one bus route with deviated fixed-route service in Logansport, in addition to demand-response service throughout the county. Hours of operation for the system are Monday through Friday from 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. and on Saturdays from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. There is no service on Sundays. The Logansport city bus was previously fare-free, but as of 2023, is $2.00 for a regular fare.

## Fixed route ridership

The ridership statistics shown here are of fixed route services only and do not include demand response services.
# Chalcogenia elegans

Chalcogenia elegans is a beetle species in the genus Chalcogenia.
# Bohanon Park

Bohanon Park is a city park located in the Lind-Bohanon neighborhood of Minneapolis, MN.

## Borders

The park is surrounded by North Dupont Ave to the west, North Bryant Ave .to the east and 49th Ave .North to the south. The park shares a border with Jenny Lind Elementary School to the north.

## Amenities

* Ice skating rink
* Baseball/softball fields
* Cricket field
* Tennis courts
* Basketball courts
* Playground equipment
# Jan Van Der Veken

Jan Van Der Veken (born 10 April 1975) is a Belgian illustrator. Born in Ghent, he studied graphic design and typography at the Sint-Lucas School of Architecture in Ghent, where he studied under Ever Meulen (Eddy Vermeulen) and other instructors.
Van Der Veken developed his own artistic style, inspired by the atoomstijl (Atomic style), a 1980s "relaunch" of the Ligne claire. He launched his own design company, Fabrica Grafica.
Van Der Veken specializes in book covers and posters, but also creates illustrations for various newspapers and magazines. He illustrated the covers for the 7 December 2009 and 11 January 2010 issues of The New Yorker.
# Reserve Logistics Support Brigade of Hebei

The Reserve Logistics Support Brigade of Hebei (Chinese: 河北陆军预备役后勤保障旅), originally activated as the Reserve Division of Langfang (Chinese: 廊坊陆军预备役师) in October 1984, at Langfang, Hebei is a reserve infantry formation of the People's Liberation Army.
The division was composed of three infantry regiments and one artillery regiment. In November 1985, the division was redesignated as the Reserve Infantry Division of Langfang (Chinese: 廊坊陆军预备役步兵师).
The division was then composed of:
* 1st Infantry Regiment - Gu'an
* 2nd Infantry Regiment - Yongqing
* 3rd Infantry Regiment - Ba County
* Artillery Regiment
In December 1998, the division was reorganized as the Reserve Logistics Support Brigade of Hebei.
# Amorpha (disambiguation)

Amorpha may refer to:
* Amorpha, a plant genus in the family Fabaceae
* Amorpha (moth), a moth genus in the family Sphingidae