OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Bland

Dr. Thomas A. Bland (1830-1908) was a 19th-century physician, publisher, Indian Rights Activist, founder of the National Indian Defense Association "NIDA", and publisher of "The Council Fire and Arbitrator".

## Early life and education

Born Thomas Augustus Bland on 21 May 1830 at Bloomfield, Indiana to Thomas Bland, a Quaker who hailed from North Carolina. Raised on a farm, Bland's early education was largely self-taught. He chose the career of a physician, graduating from the Eclectic College of Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1852 Bland married Mary Cornelia "Cora" Davis of Hitesville, Illinois.

## Career

Bland served in the Civil War as a surgeon with the Union Army. Upon his discharge in 1864 he became the editor for the "Home Visitor" a literary weekly published in Indianapolis. His wife Cora, herself a fully trained medical doctor, was the associate editor. In 1865 he established the "Northwestern Farmer", which he sold in 1871. In 1870 Dr. Bland published his first book, "Farming as a Profession". In 1872 the Blands relocated to Chicago where he took over the editorship of the "Scientific Farmer". In 1872 they moved to New York where Bland assumed the editorship of the "Farm and Fireside". In 1879 Bland published his biographical work "Life of General B. F. Butler". In 1878 the Blands took up permanent residence in Washington DC with the intent to devote their lives to politics and literature. During this time period the Blands met and befriended Colonel Alfred B. Meacham who was recovering from being nearly fatally shot by Modoc Indians in California a few years earlier. Through this association the Blands got interested in the Indian cause, dedicating the rest of their lives to combat and to rectify injustice done to America's indigenous people. The Blands, together with Colonel Meacham embarked on a lecture tour lasting several years speaking at hundreds of venues throughout the northeastern United States. Together with Meacham they published in 1878 "The Council Fire and Arbitrator", a monthly dedicated to the Indian Rights cause until it folded in 1889. The Blands distinguished themselves in their efforts, assisted by fellow Indian Rights activist Caroline Weldon, albeit ultimately unsuccessfully, to fight the implementation of the Allotment Act (Dawes Act) which they deemed unfavorable to the Indians and a blatant attempt by the United States government to dispossess the Indians of much of the land guaranteed to them in numerous treaties.

## Later years and death

In 1895 the Blands moved to Boston to continue with various publishing and literary endeavors. In 1898 they relocated to Chicago where Bland would live out the remainder of his days. He died on 3 January 1908.
# La Secuita

La Secuita (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in the province of Tarragona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. With 1,177 inhabitants, La Secuita is some 266 mi (or 428 km) East of Madrid, the country's capital city.
# Way Too Long (Audio Bullys song)

"Way Too Long" is a song recorded by British duo Audio Bullys, it was released as the fourth single of their debut album Ego War on 1 September 2003 by record label Source.

## Composition

"Way Too Long" is a "shouted" staccato rap track. The song contains a sample of a "tiny little guitar lick" from Elvis Costello & The Attractions’ 1978 song “(I Don't Want to Go to) Chelsea”. The song tells the fictional story of "Stevie," whom Simon Donohue from Manchester Evening News described as "some dodgy drug dealing fella [sic] who falls foul of the people he thought were his mates."

## Critical and commercial reception

Simon Donohue of Manchester Evening News opened his review by saying: "If The Streets' Mike Skinner was the amiable southern geezer, then [Audio Bullys] sound like the scoundrels who nick his mobile phone on the last tube home." Despite stating that the song is not the "best piece of bait" for their album, the writer still called it "strangely endearing." Adrien Begrand of PopMatters disagreed, he praised the song for being "spectacular" despite its only over two minutes length. The author also praised their use of Costello and The Attractions' sample as "jaw-dropping" and "mesmerizing."
The single is their first failed to chart in the United Kingdom, however, it was the duo's first song to chart on Netherlands' Single Top 100. Debuting on the chart at number 86 on 13 September 2003, the song dropped to number 98 on its second and last week.

## Music video

The music video of "Way Too Long" was directed by British director Jake Nava.

## Track listings and formats

UK 12" single
* "Way Too Long" (Switch Remix) – 5:51
* "Way Too Long" (D's BHQ Rub) – 7:23
UK enhanced maxi single
* "Way Too Long" (Album Version) – 2:14
* "Way Too Long" (Switch Remix) – 5:51
* "Way Too Long" (Derrick L. Carter's BHQ Rub) – 7:23
* "Way Too Long" (Video Edit) – 2:54
* "Way Too Long" (Video) – 3:21

## Credits

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Ego War.
Recording and management
* Published by EMI Music Publishing Ltd./BMG Music Publishing Ltd.
Personnel
* Audio Bullys – writing, production, performer, mixing
* Elvis Costello – writing
* Alan Mawdsley – mixing

## Charts

Chart performance for "Way Too Long" :
| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 86 |
# James Ball (economist)

Sir Robert James Ball CBE (15 July 1933 – 15 January 2018) was an English economist, a principal of the London Business School (LBS) in 1972–1984 and a leader in the field of econometric modelling.

## Work

Ball was co-creator with Lawrence Klein of the Oxford Econometric Model, which led to an "explosion" of macroeconometric forecasting. He was a senior lecturer at Manchester University and Terry Burns was his research assistant.

## Other positions

Ball joined the LBS in 1964 as a professor of economics after recruitment by Harold Rose, emeritus professor of finance. According to the LBS Professor of Management Practice in Accounting, Sir Andrew Likierman, Ball's presence as the "king of forecasting" there greatly changed the reputation of business schools in the UK in the 1970s. Ball also launched the country's first Executive MBA program of its kind in 1982 and fund-raised for the development of the Plowden building at the LBS London Campus.
Ball was a trustee of The Economist newspaper. He also served on the Board of Governors of the Centre for Economic Policy Research, and as the Chairman of Legal & General Group in 1979–1994.

## Honours and awards

In June 1984 Ball was awarded a knighthood in the Queen's Birthday Honours. In 1994, the book Money, Inflation and Employment: Essays in Honour of James Ball was published to mark his contribution to the field of econometric modelling.
Ball died on 15 January 2018, aged 84.
# Sukdal

Sukdal is a census town in Galsi I CD Block in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Location

Sukdal is located in the laterite plains between Damodar River and Ajay River. Khari or Khargeswari River flows through the area. It is believed that the river was earlier linked with the Damodar.

### Urbanisation

73.58% of the population of Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 26.42% of the population live in the urban areas, and that is the highest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in Purba Bardhaman district. The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India Sukdal had a total population of 13,093, of which 6,731 (51%) were males and 6,362 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,159. The total number of literates in Sukdal was 10,441 (87.49% of the population over 6 years).
As of 2001 India census, Sukdal had a population of 11,785. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sukdal has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 67%. In Sukdal, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Infrastructure

As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Sukdal covered an area of 4.57 km$^2$. It had 32 km roads. Amongst the medical facilities, the nearest nursing home was 1 km away and the nearest veterinary hospital was 40 km away. It had 1 medicine shop. Amongst the educational facilities it had was 6 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school and 1 senior secondary school. The nearest degree college was at Mankar 5 km away.

## Education

Sukdal has five primary and one secondary schools.
# Stackhousia dielsii

Stackhousia dielsii, commonly known as yellow stackhousia, is a species of plant in the family Celastraceae.
The dense perennial herb typically grows to a height of 0.2 to 0.6 metres (0.7 to 2.0 ft) and has a sedge-like habit. It blooms between July and November and produces yellow-green flowers.
The species is found on sandy soils in coastal areas of the Mid West region of Western Australia.
# Along the Sundown Trail

Along the Sundown Trail is a 1942 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Arthur St. Claire. The film stars Bill Boyd, Art Davis, Lee Powell, Julie Duncan, Charles King and Jack Ingram. The film was released on October 10, 1942, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

## Cast

* Bill Boyd as Bill Boyd
* Art Davis as Art Davis
* Lee Powell as Lee Powell
* Julie Duncan as Susan Lawrence
* Charles King as Big Ben Salter
* Jack Ingram as Bart Fleming
* Karl Hackett as Pop Lawrence
* John Merton as Jake Phillips
* Howard Masters as Joe Lawrence
* Kermit Maynard as Curly Morgan
# Schladitzer See

Schladitzer See is a lake in Landkreis Nordsachsen, Saxony, Germany. At an elevation of 104 m, its surface area is 2.18 km². The lake is a part of the Central German Lake District.
# List of number-one urban albums of 2009 (Australia)

This is a list of albums that reached number-one on the ARIA Urban Albums Chart in 2009. The ARIA Urban Albums Chart is a weekly chart that ranks the best-performing urban albums in Australia. It is published by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation that collects music data for the weekly ARIA Charts. To be eligible to appear on the chart, the recording must be an album of a predominantly urban nature.

## Chart history

| Issue date | Album | Artist(s) |
| 5 January | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 12 January | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 19 January | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 26 January | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 2 February | Blazin' 2009 | Various Artists |
| 9 February | Blazin' 2009 | Various Artists |
| 16 February | Blazin' 2009 | Various Artists |
| 23 February | Blazin' 2009 | Various Artists |
| 2 March | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 9 March | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 16 March | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 23 March | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 30 March | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 6 April | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 13 April | R.O.O.T.S. | Flo Rida |
| 20 April | R&B Superclub: Greatest Hits 2001–2009 | Various Artists |
| 27 April | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 4 May | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 11 May | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 18 May | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 25 May | Relapse | Eminem |
| 1 June | Relapse | Eminem |
| 8 June | Relapse | Eminem |
| 15 June | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 22 June | State of the Art | Hilltop Hoods |
| 29 June | State of the Art | Hilltop Hoods |
| 6 July | State of the Art | Hilltop Hoods |
| 13 July | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 20 July | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 27 July | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 3 August | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 10 August | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 17 August | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 24 August | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 31 August | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 7 September | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 14 September | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 21 September | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 28 September | I Am... Sasha Fierce | Beyoncé |
| 5 October | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 12 October | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 19 October | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 26 October | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 2 November | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 9 November | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 16 November | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 23 November | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 30 November | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 7 December | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 14 December | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 21 December | Introducing Stan Walker | Stan Walker |
| 28 December | The E.N.D | The Black Eyed Peas |
# Central Market, Sabadell

The Central Market of Sabadell (Catalonia, Spain) is a large building designed between 1927 and 1930 by local architect Josep Renom i Costa, spanning both the "monumentalism" typical of the construction craze at the end of Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictatorship and the beginning of the Second Spanish Republic. In 2004 it underwent renovation work. It was devised at the time as a specially fine model for municipal structures of this sort. On the sides is inscribed the Catalan word for "market", mercat. Its floor is an irregular quadrilateral, and its basement included originally an ice factory which, however, was closed at the onset of the Republic because the former government didn't pay for its costs.

## Background

Prior to the construction of the current structure the area had been used as the city's market grounds for centuries. Researcher Joan Alsina located an early reference to a medieval market in a Latin volume called Liber Feudorum Maior calling it mercato de Sancto Salvatore, as early as February 12, 1064. Being used as an important public space and Sabadell already important in the Catalan region of Vallès, it attracted a good deal of tradesmen and farmers from other towns. The need to build a permanent market arose in the late 19th century, after a market in the same location had to be replaced due to its faulty construction, but a permanent solution wouldn't be found until the 1910s, along with further urbanisation of the city area, mostly under its architect Josep Renom i Costa.
# Wattled starling

The wattled starling (Creatophora cinerea) is a nomadic resident bird in eastern and southern Africa. It is a species of grassland, open woodland, and cultivation.
This is the only African starling that appears to show affinities with the Asian starlings, particularly the genus Sturnus. Its bare face patches and ability to open-bill feed in grassland are unique amongst African starlings. It is the only member of the genus Creatophora.
This common species appears to be extending its range into West Africa and has also occurred in Arabia, Madagascar, and Seychelles.

## Description

The wattled starling is 21 cm long, with a short tail and pointed wings. It has mainly grey plumage except for a white rump, and black flight feathers and tail. The breeding male has a white shoulder patch and a distinctive head pattern, with unfeathered yellow skin, and black forehead and throat wattles. The extent to which these seasonal features develop increases with the age of the bird and some old females may show a weaker version of this plumage.
The non-breeding male has a feathered head except for a small yellow patch behind the eye. There are no wattles, but there is a black moustachial stripe. The white shoulder patch is much reduced. The female and juvenile plumages are similar to the non-breeding male, but the flight feathers and tail are brown.
The black flight and tail feathers and white rump make this species unmistakable in flight.
This species has a range of wheezing or grating calls comparable to those of the common starling, but the most familiar is a wheezing ssreeeeo.

## Behaviour
### Breeding

The wattled starling is a colonial breeder, and may share its colonies with the Cape weaver. It always nests in trees or bushes, including acacias and eucalyptus at between 1 and 10 m above the ground. The globular nest is made from twigs and lined with grass or feathers. The two to five, usually three or four, eggs are pale blue, immaculate or with some brown spots, and are laid before the dome of the nest is completed. Both sexes build the nest, incubate the eggs and feed the young.
The eggs hatch after 11 days, and the chicks leave the nest in another 13–16 days. They cannot fly, and suffer heavy predation from large birds of prey.
Breeding is linked to an abundant insect supply, and colonies will be abandoned, even with chicks in the nest, if, for example, locust swarms are destroyed by control measures.

### Roosting

The wattled starling is highly gregarious and will form large flocks, often with other starlings. Its reedbed roosts, which can be huge, may also be shared.

### Feeding

Like other starlings, the wattled starling is an omnivore, taking a wide range of invertebrates seeds and berries, but its diet is mainly insects including many locusts, leading to the local name "locust bird".
It will scavenge at rubbish heaps, and frequently perches on livestock, feeding on insects disturbed by the animals and also removing ectoparasites.
# James E. Porter

James E. Porter (1857–1946) was an American politician, born in Cass County, Missouri, and the mayor of Kansas City, Kansas, from 1910 to 1913.
# Sukda Songsang

Sukda Songsang (born 24 October 1941) is a Thai boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Softpro

The Softpro Group was a specialized vendor in the niche of systems for capture and verification of handwritten signatures – one segment of Biometrics.
Kofax plc acquired Softpro on September 1, 2014. A total of $34.7 million was paid in closing of the transaction. In the course of the takeover, SOFTPRO GmbH was dissolved and the register sheet (Amtsgericht Stuttgart file number HRB 241831) was closed. In May 2015, Kofax was in turn acquired by Lexmark.
The company is based in Böblingen, Germany with local subsidiaries in North America (Bear, Delaware), the United Kingdom (London), Asia-Pacific (Singapore, India (Chennai and Latin America (Chile). The group employs an international staff of 70 people.

## Products

Softpro has two major product segments: the "eSign Workflow" and "Fraud Prevention Solutions"
The "eSign Workflow" product line provides solutions for securing the authenticity and integrity of documents within electronic processes, such as those required for legal contracts. For this purpose, a unique signature technology is used to extract and evaluate both the static and dynamic (biometric) characteristics of handwritten signatures.
* Software Development Kit SignWare
* Document Security Software SignDoc
* Signature Capturing Device SignPad
"Fraud Prevention Solutions" allow to detect and prevent fraud in paper-based processes (such as payment transactions, in particular cheque fraud), as well as increasing operational efficiency using signature management and verification solutions.
* Signature Database SignBase
* Automatic Signature Verification SignCheck

## Company history

The company was founded in 1983 by Heinz Reschke. It initially developed individual software solutions for various industries. Visual comparison of signatures supported by PCs was started in 1987, triggered by growing demand from major financial institutions. Shortly afterwards the development of automatic signature verification started along with IBM's labs in nearby Schönaich and APP Informatik Davos from Switzerland. The automatic verification is based on a neural network and fuzzy logic. The first automatic verification went into production in 1994 at Credit Suisse. Intellectual property rights for the automatic signature verification were acquired from IBM in 1998.
In recent years SOFTPRO extended its product range through a check fraud prevention suite branded FraudOne and products to create electronic signatures based on the use and verification of dynamic (biometric) characteristics of signatures.
# International Society for Horticultural Science

The International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) is the world's leading independent organization of horticultural scientists. Its aim is "to promote and encourage research and education in all branches of horticultural science and to facilitate cooperation and knowledge transfer on a global scale through its symposia and congresses (International Horticultural Congress), publications and scientific structure." Membership is open to all interested researchers, educators, students and horticultural industry professionals.
The society dates from 1864, and was formally constituted in 1959. It is based in Leuven, Belgium, and is a founding member of the Global Horticultural Initiative. In 2008, it has over 7,000 members from about 150 countries.
The ISHS coordinates the distributed network of International Cultivar Registration Authorities, which are responsible for ensuring that the names of plant cultivars and cultivar groups are defined and not duplicated.

## Publications

These ISHS publications are standard works in the field of horticulture:
* Acta Horticulturae is a series of scientific technical publications, mainly the proceedings of ISHS Symposia and the ISHS International Horticultural Congress. All articles (over 42,000) are available online on a paid basis.
* Chronica Horticulturae is a quarterly publication sent to ISHS members and other subscribers. Unlike a scientific journal, it contains horticultural articles of interest to a broad audience of ISHS members and other professionals in science and industry. The full text of all issues is available for free download online.
* Scripta Horticulturae is a series of works devoted to specific horticultural issues such as position papers, crop or technology monographs, and special workshops or conferences. The full text of all articles since 1961 is available online on a paid basis.
# Stackhousia monogyna

Stackhousia monogyna, commonly known as creamy stackhousia or creamy candles, is a flowering plant in the family Celastraceae. It is a small multi-stemmed plant with narrow leaves and terminal spikes of white, cream or yellow flowers. It is a widespread species found in all states of Australia but not the Northern Territory.

## Description

Stackhousia monogyna is a slender, multi-stemmed, perennial herb to 70 cm (28 in) high, covered with soft hairs or smooth on upright or ascending stems. The leaves are dark green, mostly narrow, linear to lance-shaped, up to 30 mm (1.2 in) long, 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) wide and rounded, acute or with a short point at the apex. The inflorescence consists of numerous white, cream or yellow flowers in a densely-packed cylindrical spike, each flower is tubular with five pointed spreading lobes up to 5 mm (0.20 in) long. Flowering occurs from late winter to early summer and the fruit is a wide oval or ellipsoid shaped mericarp, wrinkled to veined and 1.9–2.8 mm (0.075–0.110 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

The species was described in 1861 by Ferdinand von Mueller as Desdemodium acanthocladum. In 1805 French naturalist Jacques Labillardière changed the name to Stackhousia monogyna and the description was published in Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen. The specific epithet (monogyna) means "one", probably referring to the one-seeded fruit.

## Distribution and habitat

Creamy stackhousia is a common widespread species growing in grassland and dry forest on gravel, clay and granite in all states of Australia but not the Northern Territory.