OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aurintricarboxylic acid

Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is a chemical compound that readily polymerizes in aqueous solution, forming a stable free radical that inhibits protein-nucleic acid interactions. It is a potent inhibitor of ribonuclease and topoisomerase II by preventing the binding of the nucleic acid to the enzyme. It stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation processes including the Jak2/STAT5 pathway in NB2 lymphoma cells, ErbB4 in neuroblastoma cells, and MAP kinases, Shc proteins, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and phospholipase Cγ in PC12 cells. It also inhibits apoptosis. It prevents down-regulation of Ca$^{2+}$-impermeable GluR2 receptors and inhibits calpain, a Ca$^{2+}$-activated protease that is activated during apoptosis.
It is used to inhibit protein biosynthesis in its initial stages. Nominally, it is used in biological experiments as a protein inhibitor, and as an ammonium salt (known as aluminon) it is used as a reagent to estimate the aluminium in water, biological tissue, and foods.
It was found that ATA is a strong inhibitor of topoisomerases and other nucleases. It might be useful for increasing efficiency of RNA isolation.
It has been discovered that using aurintricarboxylic acid against influenza-A post-infection has a strong protective effect by inhibiting the virus' ability to reproduce. In cultured canine kidney cells, it was found to reduce viral reproduction and infection when applied post-infection, but not when used as a 'vaccine'. It has also been shown to block the binding of the HIV coat molecule gp120 to the CD4 co-receptor on T cells through which it invades.
Aurintricarboxylic acid and its ammonium salt shows antiviral activity in vitro against coronaviruses such as SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2, and while it is unlikely to have suitable properties to be developed as a medicine in its own right, it has proved useful in scientific research into novel antiviral drugs to combat these diseases.

## Preparation

Aurintricarboxylic acid can be prepared by the condensation of formaldehyde with salicylic acid in the presence of nitrite-containing sulfuric acid.
# Robert Janyns

Robert Janyns (fl. 1438 - 1464) was an English gothic architect, not to be confused with Robert Janyns, Jr. He worked on All Souls College, the chapel of Merton College and the Divinity School, Oxford.
# Australomedusidae

Australomedusidae is a family of cnidarians belonging to the order Anthoathecata.
Genera:
* Australomedusa Russell, 1970
* Octorathkea Uchida, 1927
* Zhangiella Bouillon, Gravili, Pages, Gili & Boero, 2006
# Jackson Glacier

Jackson Glacier is approximately the seventh largest of the remaining 25 glaciers in Glacier National Park located in the US state of Montana. A part of the largest grouping of glaciers in the park, Jackson Glacier rests on the north side of Mount Jackson. The glacier was most recently measured in 2005 at 250 acres (1.0 km$^2$), yet when first documented in 1850, the glacier also included the now separate Blackfoot Glacier and together, they covered 1,875 acres (7.59 km$^2$). Between 1966 and 2005, Jackson Glacier lost almost a third of its acreage. When the two glaciers were united prior to their separation sometime before 1929, they were known simply as Blackfoot Glacier.
In 1850, there were an estimated 150 glaciers in the park. Glaciologists have stated that by the year 2030, many if not all of the glaciers in the park may disappear completely. Jackson and Blackfoot glaciers have been selected for monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey's Glacier Monitoring Research program, which is researching changes to the mass balance of glaciers in and surrounding Glacier National Park. The glacier is being monitored using remote sensing equipment and repeat photography, where images of the glacier are taken from identical locations periodically. Jackson Glacier is one of the easiest of the park's glaciers to observe, and is located south of the Going-to-the-Sun Road on the east side of the Continental Divide, upper St. Mary Valley.
# Robert Frankel (boxer)

Robert Frankel (born June 20, 1980) is an American boxer.

## Professional career

Robert holds wins over veterans like Mike González, Michael Stewart, Ramón Montaño, Bobby Pacquiao, and Ricardo Dominguez.
On June 24, 2011, Frankel faced Mexican-American John Molina, Jr. in the main event on ESPN's Friday Night Fights.
# Robert Rey

Robert Rey may refer to:
* Robert Rey (ski jumper)
* Robert Rey (plastic surgeon)
* Robert Rey (art historian)
# Robert Caplin

Robert Caplin is an American photographer and photojournalist. He is best known for his work photographing pop singer Justin Bieber.

## Life and career

Caplin grew up in Athens, Ohio, where he also graduated from Ohio University's School of Visual Communication in 2005.
In 2002, when he was 19, Caplin began an internship with The Columbus Dispatch and photographed a riot after an Ohio State University football game. He later got an internship at the Los Angeles Times, then one at The New York Times, where he became a regular contributor. Other outlets where Caplin contributed photographs include The Wall Street Journal, National Geographic, Sports Illustrated, and Newsweek.
In December 2009, The New York Times assigned Caplin to photograph a Justin Bieber concert in Madison Square Garden. Seeing Bieber's superstar potential, he worked with his girlfriend, designer Laia Prats, on a prototype documentary book about the singer, using photos from the concert. In June 2010, at Bieber's appearance on Today, Caplin showed Bieber and his team the prototype book and convinced them to work with him on it. HarperCollins published the book, Justin Bieber: First Step 2 Forever: My Story, in October 2010. The book spent 15 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list. Caplin's video documentation of Bieber on tour was released as part of Paramount Pictures' movie Justin Bieber: Never Say Never.
On June 26, 2013, Caplin filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against gossip blogger Perez Hilton for allegedly publishing 14 of Caplin's photos of Glee actor Darren Criss on his own website without Caplin's permission. The case was settled out of court.
# Robert Franklin Pennell

Robert Franklin Pennell (July 13, 1850 – October 22, 1905) was an American educator and classicist.
Pennell was born on July 13, 1850, in Freeport, Maine, to Robert and Caroline Pennell. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1868, where his uncle, Gideon Lane Soule, was principal, and from Harvard University in 1871 with a degree in classics. Following his graduation, he became an instructor at Exeter, later teaching Latin. He resigned in 1882, seven years after in 1889 becoming the principal of the Marysville schools in California. From 1890 to 1893 he was president of the Stockton, California, schools, and from 1893 to 1897 he was president of Chico State Normal School. He died on October 22, 1905, in San Francisco, California.

## Works

* Ancient Greece, from the earliest times down to the death of Alexander, 1874
* Rome, from the earliest times down to 476 A.D., 1878
* The Latin Subjunctive, 1895
# Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Employees

The Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Employees (AFULE) is an Australian trade union representing railway workers. It was formerly a national union which largely merged into the Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union in 1992; however, the Queensland division continued as a separate union active only in that state.
It was first registered in February 1921 as the Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Enginemen, representing an estimated 15,000 locomotive enginemen across Australia. Arthur Drakeford became the union's first federal secretary. The union had applied in September 1920, but had its registration delayed due to a legal dispute with the Federated Engine Drivers and Firemen's Association of Australasia.
The single national union replaced the Federated Railway Locomotive Enginemens’ Association of Australia, formed in 1899, which had linked state unions in Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland without formally coming together as one federal union. They were the first union covering "state instrumentalities" to gain federal registration after the 1920 High Court of Australia ruling in Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd, which had given workers in those areas access to federal jurisdiction. It changed its name to the Australian Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers in 1926, but reverted to its original name in 1927.
The national union merged with the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees' Association, the National Union of Rail Workers of Australia and the Australian Railways Union in 1992 to form the Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union. However, a 1993 court ruling held that the state-registered Queensland branch was a separate union and required a separate vote, which went against amalgamation. It continued on as a separate union registered only in Queensland, and subsequently gained federal registration in Queensland during the 2000s on the requirement that the union rules limited the union's operation to Queensland.
# Robert Vas

Robert Vas (Vas Róbert, 3 March 1931 in Budapest – 10 April 1978) was a Hungarian film director who settled in England.
He came to England after the Hungarian uprising in 1956. He was committed to documentary, like Refuge England (1959) and, after a short period working for the National Coal Board, he went on to make a seminal series of films for the BBC. These include The Golden Years of Alexander Korda (1968) and Heart of Britain (1970), The Issue Should be Avoided (1971), My Homeland (1976), a three-hour examination of the life of Joseph Stalin (1973), and Nine Days in '26 (1974). He had planned to make films about the "Gulag Archipelago" and the wartime bombing of Dresden before his untimely death on 10 April 1978.
In the BBC documentary tribute to Vas directed by Barrie Gavin, Karel Reisz said of him that his aim was to "inspire thought, to remind and warn".
# Robert Olby

Robert Cecil Olby (4 October 1933 – 31 December 2020) was a British research professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh. Formerly Reader at the University of Leeds, UK, Robert Olby was a historian of 19th and 20th century biology, his specialist fields being genetics and molecular biology. With the assistance of Martin Packer, Olby completed an authorized biography of the late Francis Crick. It is entitled Francis Crick: Hunter of Life's Secrets, after an article in The New York Times on February 2, 1962. Olby was born in Beckenham on October 4, 1933, and died in Willow Spring, North Carolina on 31 December 2020, at the age of 87.

## Books and papers by Robert Olby

* Charles Darwin; Oxford University Press, London, 1967, 64pp.
* Early Nineteenth Century European Scientists; Pergamon Press, 1967, 179pp. ISBN 0-415-14578-3
* The Origins of Mendelism; Constable 1966. 204 pages ISBN 0-226-62592-3
* The Twentieth Century Sciences, Studies in the Biography of Ideas, edited by Gerald Holton; W.W. Norton & Co., New York 1972: article "Francis Crick, DNA, and the Central Dogma".
* 'Rosalind Elsie Franklin' biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, ed. Charles C. Gillespie (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons) ISBN 0-684-10121-1
* The Path to the Double Helix: The Discovery of DNA; University of Washington Press, Seattle 1974 & revised 1994) ISBN 0-486-68117-3
* Companion to the History of Modern Science (ed.); Routledge, London, 1990, 1081pp. ISBN 0-415-01988-5
* "Robert Darlington: Forgotten Prophet of Genetics", American Scientist Nov-Dec 2004
* "Quiet debut for the double helix" Nature 421 (January 23, 2003): 402–405.
* Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:‘Huxley, Sir Julian Sorell (1887–1975)’, first published Sept 2004, 2680 words
* Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: ‘Bernal, (John) Desmond (1901–1971)’, first published Sept 2004, 2870 words, with portrait illustration
* "Francis Crick: Hunter of Life's Secrets", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, ISBN 978-0-87969-798-3, published 25 August 2009; 450 pp; and Peter Lawrence's review in "Current Biology" .
* 'Crick, Francis Harry Compton (1916–2004)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press, Jan. 2008
* 'Perutz, Max Ferdinand (1914-2002)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press, Jan. 2008
* 'Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick (1916-2004)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press, Jan. 2008
# Robert Olen Butler Prize

The Robert Olen Butler Prize is a prize for short fiction awarded by Del Sol Press in conjunction with Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Robert Olen Butler, who chooses the winning story. The winning stories are also collected into an annual anthology, The Robert Olen Butler Prize Anthology. As of 2009, three individuals had appeared in the anthology more than once: Jacob M. Appel (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009), Erin Soros (2008, 2009) and Mark Wisniewski (2008, 2009).
The award was conceived by Michael Neff, and has been influential in launching the careers of such writers as Lynn Veach Sadler, Charles Yu, Roy Kesey and Cris Mazza.

## Past winners
### 2005

* Grand Prize: E. R. Catalano "News from My Father"
* Thomas P. Balazs "Omicron Ceti III"
* Ariana-Sophia Kartsonis "Sundress"
* Roy Kesey "Invunche y voladora"
* Gloria DeVidas Kirchheimer "Malika"
* Karen Kovacik "My Polish Widower"
* Dylan Landis "Jazz"
* Kelly Magee "Not People, Not This"
* Lynn Veach Sadler "Miss Spam Maps of Vegas"
* Marianne Taylor "Who is the Hardware"
* Charles Yu "My Last Days as Me"

### 2006

* Grand Prize: Matthew J. Sullivan "Unfound"
* Cheryl Alu, "Girl"
* Jacob M. Appel, "Shell Game with Organs"
* Kerry Dolan, "Falling Off the George Washington Bridge"
* Alicia Gifford, "Gorgeous World"
* Alison Lee Kinney, "Term"
* Phil LaMarche, "In the Tradition of My Family"
* Cris Mazza, "Our Time Is Up"
* Jeff Parker, "The Taste of Penny"
* Bill Pettitt, "This Is Not About Me"
* Peter Paul Smith, "Kleebe"
* Alia Yunis, "A Nearly Blonde Christmas"

### 2007

* Grand Prize: Valerie Hurley, “Jasmine, Washing the Hair of Pearsa”
* Jacob Appel, “Enoch Arden’s One Night Stands”
* Stephenie Brown, “The Wheel Wright”
* Lauren Cobb, “No Place”
* Greg Hrbek, “Bereavement”
* LaTanya McQueen, “Once”
* Jamie Pearlberg, “A Wedding Tale”
* Matthew Pitt, “The Mean”
* Scott Winokur, “Hideous Thing”
* Mark Wisniewski, “Prisoners of War”

### 2008

* Grand Prize: Kimberly Willardson "Winter Memories of the Summer Bear"
* Jacob M. Appel - "Animal Control"
* Miriam Gershow - "Carker"
* Nick Healy - "Joyless Men"
* Brodie Smith - "Watch Him Burn"
* Erin Soros - "The chorus"
* Naomi Williams - "The Report"
* Mark Wisniewski - "Stricken"
* Christina Yu - "Christmas in the Neighborhood"

### 2009

* Grand Prize: Annie Weatherwax - "The Possibility of Things"
* Jacob M. Appel - "The Appraisal"
* Porter Fox - "Caribou"
* James Gish Jr. - "Wandering Boy"
* Gregory Loselle - "Buried Dinner"
* Geraldine Ann Marshall - "Secrets of Wood"
* Dolen Perkins-Valdez - "The Clipping"
* Michael Schivone - "The Heatseeker"
* Erin Soros - "Surge"
* Shubha Venugopal - "Lalita and the Banyan Tree"
* Mark Wisniewski - "Without Good-byes"
# Robert Walker (archdeacon of Peterborough)

Robert Percival Walker was a Canadian Anglican priest in the middle of the 20th century.
Walker was educated at University of Toronto. Ordained in the 1930s, his first post was a curacy in Guelph. After that he served at several parishes in Toronto. He was Rector of St Luke, Peterborough, Ontario from 1956 to 1972; and its Archdeacon from 1962.
# Australian Racing Museum

The Australian Racing Museum is a horse racing museum in Melbourne, Australia, dedicated to Thoroughbred horses, jockeys and trainers. It was first set up at Caulfield Racecourse in 1981 and closed on 30 August 2003. It then moved to Federation Square on Flinders Street. In October 2010 the museum moved to the Australian Sports Museum (then National Sports Museum) at the MCG
# Robin Danar

Robin Danar is an American producer, recording and mixing engineer, and musician.

## Career

Danar started engineering records in New York City under mentors Steve Lillywhite, Phil Ramone, and Gary Katz. At the same time, he was doing live sound and recording at the famed club CBGB in its prime when it was known for hosting punk rock and new wave bands, including the New York Dolls.
Danar then went on to tour internationally as a front of house sound engineer for artists including Laurie Anderson, Suzanne Vega, The B-52's, and Cyndi Lauper. He was also involved in recording Bonnie Raitt and Los Lobos for the Wim Wenders film The Soul of a Man, part of the PBS series Martin Scorsese Presents The Blues.
Danar is involved with Santa Monica's public radio station KCRW as a producer of the annual "A Sounds Eclectic Evening" and "Sessions" projects. He was also involved as a producer of the Shortlist Music Prize which was broadcast on MTV and XM Radio.
He is currently the Production Manager at Teragram Ballroom in Los Angeles.

## Altered States

In 2008, Danar released his first producer-as-artist album Altered States, featuring performers from the Los Angeles music scene including Lisa Loeb, Rachael Yamagata, Jesca Hoop, and others. The album received positive reviews from critics at PopMatters and Hits Daily Double. Gianfranco Marmoni, writing in OnDaRock, gave the album 6.5 out of 10 stars, praising its "great instrumental mastery" and the quality of its song covers, while finding that the varieties of music styles made listening "somewhat discontinuous". Altered States was recorded entirely inside Danar's garage.
# Robin Daniels

Robin Daniels may refer to:
* Robin Daniels (businessman)
* Robin Daniels of A Sunny Day in Glasgow
# Robin Danielson Feminine Hygiene Product Safety Act

The Robin Danielson Feminine Hygiene Product Safety Act is a proposed act of the United States Congress, directing the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to research the possible health risks of menstrual hygiene products made with dioxins, synthetic fibers, chemicals such as chlorine or fragrance irritants. It also called for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to monitor dioxin levels in similar hygiene products.
First introduced in 1997 (but renamed in 1999), the bill is named after Robin Danielson, who died in 1998 of toxic shock syndrome, a rare bacterial disease linked to high-absorbency tampon use. Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney has re-introduced the bill a number of times since then, but it has never passed or received significant support.
# Robert Short

Robert Short may refer to:
* Bob Short (1917–1982), American sports team owner and politician
* Bobby Short (1924–2005), American cabaret singer and pianist
* Rob Short (born 1972), Canadian field hockey player
* Robert Short (East India Company officer) (1783–1859), British officer in the Honourable East India Company
* Robert L. Short (1932–2009), American clergyman and writer
* Robert McCawley Short (1904–1932), American aviator
* Robert Quirk Short (1759–1827), Church of England clergyman
* Robert V. Short (1823–1908), American politician in Oregon
* Robert Short (make-up artist), makeup and visual effects artist
# Robert Taube

Robert Taube (1880–1961) was a Russian-born German stage and film actor.

## Selected filmography

* I.N.R.I. (1923)
* Carlos and Elisabeth (1924)
* The Woman Who Did (1925)
* Das leichte Mädchen (1941)
* Andreas Schlüter (1942)
* The Blue Swords (1949)
# Robert Guestier Goelet

Robert Guestier Goelet (guh-LET; September 28, 1923 – October 9, 2019) was a prominent American philanthropist and former executive at Chemical Bank, founded by the Goelet family in 1824.

## Early life

Goelet was born on September 28, 1923, at a chateau in Amblainville, France. He was a son of Anne Marie (née Guestier) Goelet, whose family were wine merchants (Barton & Guestier) and owned the 10,000 acre chateau, and Robert Walton Goelet. His mother was French and his father was American. His father, who owned the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in New York, donated the hotel to Harvard University after his death in 1941.
Goelet moved to New York at the age of 12, attended the Brooks School in North Andover, Massachusetts and graduated from Harvard University in 1945 with a bachelor's degree in history.

## Career

During World War II, Goelet trained as a Helldiver bomber pilot with the United States Navy, but he did not see combat. He later served as a Lt. in the U.S. Navy Reserve. Goelet also served as a member of the New York City Council.
Goelet served as president of the family real-estate firms, Goelet Realty Company and the Rhode Island Corporation, both based out of 425 Park Avenue. In 1952, he was elected a director of the Chemical Bank (today known as JPMorgan Chase & Co.) which was founded by an ancestor, Peter Goelet, in 1824. He also served on the boards of French Institute Alliance Française, the National Audubon Society, the Carnegie Institution for Science, and Phipps Houses. In 1957, he became a director of Air America, the Central Intelligence Agency-financed private air charter company.
In late 1975, he was named president of the American Museum of Natural History, and was known as a "man 'nuts for fossils'." He served as the museum's chairman until his retirement in 1989. He previously served as president of the New York Historical Society (from 1971 to 1987), and the New York Zoological Society (from 1970 to 1975) (which is today known as the Wildlife Conservation Society).

## Personal life

In September 1976, 52 year-old Goelet married former debutante and graduate of Barnard College and Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Alexandra Gardiner Creel (b. 1940) on Gardiners Island. Creel, who was previously married to Peter F. Tufo, is the daughter of Alexandra (née Gardiner) Creel and J. Randall Creel, a retired Justice of the Court of Special Sessions and Criminal Court. They were the parents of:
* Alexandra Gardiner Goelet (b. c. 1977), who runs the family investment office along with her younger brother Robert.
* Robert Gardiner Goelet (b. c. 1979), a former project manager for the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation.
After the death of his wife's uncle, Robert David Lion Gardiner, in 2004, the Goelets took possession of the 3,300 acre Gardiner's Island, which has 27 miles of coastline, several colonial buildings, a 200-year-old windmill, and a family cemetery.
Goelet was a member of the French Jockey Club. He died at his home in Manhattan on October 9, 2019.
# Australian Polling Council

The Australian Polling Council is an association of polling firms established to promote and maintain professional standards in opinion polling. Firms that join must disclose their public polls' full question wordings and preambles, sample sizes, and how responses were collected and weighted.
Following the 2019 federal election, the Australian polling industry suffered major damage to its reputation because of polls' failure to predict the Coalition's victory. In an attempt to revive the industry's reputation, YouGov, Essential and uComms, three major polling firms, announced in April 2020 they intended to form an industry body modelled on the British Polling Council and the National Council for Published Polls in the US. By October 2020, when the APC was formally established, Ipsos, Lonergan Research, JWS Research, and Telereach joined as founding members. Other firms to have since joined include 89 Degrees East, The Australia Institute, Pyxis Polling & Insights, Redbridge and SEC Newgate.
Not every major Australian polling firm is an APC member. Resolve Strategic, which polls for the major newspapers The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald, is a prominent absence from the council's membership. Jim Reed, its founder, has cited the need to protect trade secrets and his belief some APC members are "beyond the pale" as reasons for Resolve's decision not to join the association. Roy Morgan is another polling firm whose absence has been explicitly noted.