OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Redbrook Incline Bridge

The Redbrook Incline Bridge is a nineteenth-century tramway bridge that crosses the B4231 road at Redbrook on the England–Wales border. The bridge straddles the border and stands in the counties of Monmouthshire in Wales and Gloucestershire in England. It was built as a branch line from the Monmouth Tramroad to transport coal to the Redbrook Tinplate Works and was constructed on a significant incline as a consequence of its standing well below the main tramway. It is a remarkable survival of 19th-century industrialisation in the Wye Valley and is both a Grade II* and a Grade II listed structure, and a scheduled monument.

## History and description

The Monmouth Tramroad was a horse-drawn railway between Monmouth and Coleford in Gloucestershire. It opened in 1812 and closed in the late 19th century. The Redbrook Incline Bridge was constructed as part of a branch line from the main tramroad to serve the Redbrook Tinplate Works. Grace's Guide to British Industrial History suggests it was also used to transport coal out of the Forest of Dean to the River Wye for onward transportation.
The bridge is constructed of Old Red Sandstone, and forms a single arch, approximately 3.25 metres high, over the B4231 Road. The bridge is 6 metres wide, with high parapets, the width indicating its function as a self-acting incline bridge, with two parallel rails running its length.
The bridge is listed at Grade II* by Cadw and at Grade II by Historic England. It is also a scheduled monument.
# Charles Nicholson (flautist)

Charles Nicholson (1795–1837), was a Liverpool-born flautist and composer, who performed regularly in London. He was soloist at many of the Philharmonic Society Concerts from 1816-1836, and first flautist with the principal theater orchestras. He toured extensively in Britain, but never on the Continent. Besides giving classes to many students, he wrote tutors for flute-playing which were published throughout the 19th century.
Nicholson used a flute made by George Astor & Co., a London-based firm operating from c1778 to c1831. His father, also a celebrated flautist, modified the instrument, lining the headpiece with metal, enlarging the embouchure and toneholes with a view to making the flute's tone more powerful, yet still delicate, permitting the usual fingerings in the third octave, facilitating glides and vibratos.
Once his bravura style on the modified flute had become accepted in London, he licensed several London flute makers such as Clementi & Co., Astor, Rudall and Rose, and Potter to produce the 'Nicholson's Improved'. The structure of his new flute favoured flat keys such as E flat, A flat, and F and C minor. Nicholson's variations on Roslin Castle, in F minor which he wrote in 1836, are typical of the 'National Melodies' in the adagio style in which he excelled. These remained important features of English flute-playing until after 1890.
Even though Ardal Powell regards Nicholson as "the first native professional instrumentalist to achieve star status in Britain", Nicholson's present renown owes less to his personal style of playing than to Theobald Boehm's being greatly impressed by the flute's powerful tone on a visit in 1831. Writing to Mr. Broadwood in August 1871, Boehm notes: "I did as well as any continental flutist could have done, in London, in 1831, but I could not match Nicholson in power of tone, wherefore I set to work to remodel my flute. Had I not heard him, probably the Boehm flute would never have been made." He also says "I was struck with the volume of the tone of Nicholson, who was then in the full vigour of his talent. This power was the result of the extraordinary size of the holes of his flute, but it required his marvellous skill and his excellent embouchure to mask the want of accuracy of intonation and equality of tone resulting from the position of the holes, which was incorrect and repugnant to the elementary principles of acoustics". From all accounts Nicholson had uncommonly large hands, and had even larger holes on his personal flute than those on the flutes bearing his name.
Boehm promptly designed and marketed a new flute, embodying the earliest recognizable features of the modern flute.
# Sugar (Armand Van Helden song)

"Sugar" is the fifth and final single from American DJ Armand Van Helden's sixth album Nympho. It is written and sung by Jessy Moss.

## Track listing
### CD Single

* Sugar (Radio Edit) - 3:30
* Sugar (Original Club Mix) - 7:44
* Sugar (Paper Faces Remix) - 6:35
* Sugar (Paper Faces Dub) - 6:34
* Sugar (Cagedbaby's Sugar Baby Remix) - 8:30

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart | 103 |
| Finnish Single Charts | 5 |

## Release history

| Country | Release date | Format | Label | Catalogue |
| Australia | May 8, 2006 | CD Single | Shock | ADICT159CD |
# Sugar (Dead Confederate album)

Sugar is the second full-length album from Athens, Georgia based band, Dead Confederate. It was recorded in Hoboken, NJ with producer John Agnello (The Hold Steady, Dinosaur Jr., Sonic Youth) in early 2010.

## Personnel
### Dead Confederate

* Hardy Morris – vocals, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, production
* Brantley Senn – bass, vocals, string arrangements, production
* Walker Howle – electric guitar
* John Watkins – keyboards
* Jason Scarboro – drums

### Additional Musicians

* J Mascis – guitar, vocals
* Ben Wigler – vocals, vibraphone
* Heidi Vanderlee – cello

### Production

* John Agnello – producer, mixing, engineer
* James Frazee – assistant engineer
* Greg Calbi – mastering
* Joel Wheat – artwork
# Sugar (Aloha album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Pitchfork Media | |
Sugar is the third full-length album by Aloha. It was released in 2002 on Polyvinyl Records.

## Track listing

* "Fractures, Pt. 1" – 2:27
* "They See Rocks" – 4:20
* "Let Your Head Hang Low" – 4:44
* "Balling Phase" – 6:26
* "It Won't Be Long" – 3:04
* "Protest Song" – 3:22
* "Thieves All Around Us" – 5:01
* "Dissolving" – 5:06
* "I Wish No Chains Upon You" – 4:26
* "We Get Down" – 6:05

## Reception

New Music said of their album, "In the wake of That's Your Fire. Aloha's breathtaking and complex collection of jazz-based, vibraphone-enhanced lullabies, the band's sophomore release hits like a hurricane." They praised its "pretty melodies".
# Laminopora

Laminopora is a genus of bryozoans belonging to the family Adeonidae.
The species of this genus are found in South America and South Australia.
Species:
* Laminopora bimunita (Hincks, 1891)
* Laminopora contorta Michelin, 1842
* Laminopora dispar (MacGillivray, 1869)
* Laminopora jellyae (Levinsen, 1909)
* Laminopora miocenica Canu & Bassler, 1923
# Laminosioptidae

Laminosioptidae is a family of mites belonging to the order Sarcoptiformes.
Genera:
* Aratingocoptes Fain & Perez, 1990
* Colicoptes Lombert & Lukoschus, 1981
* Fainocoptes Lukoschus & Lombert, 1979
* Laminosioptes Mégnin, 1880
* Rallicoptes Lukoschus & Lombert, 1980
# Land of the Innocent

"Land of the Innocent" is the first track on the 2013 full-length If All Now Here by the American electronic/synth band Feathers. It was initially released as a stream through the act's social media outlets in 2012, and later as a digital single on March 4, 2013. The single's b-side is a remix of the song by the Liverpool-based act Outfit. The Guardian wrote that the song "neatly expresses Feathers' desire to combine a dystopian future-world aesthetic with a pop sensibility and rhythms tough enough to pass muster in the realm of the industrial."

## Music video

The music video for the song was directed by Allie Avital Tsypin, known for her work with School of Seven Bells and Marnie Stern, over two days in 108 degree heat outside of Austin, Texas. The video premiered February 1, 2013 on UK blog The Line of Best Fit, and was Bust Magazine's Video of the Day on February 8, 2013.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Feathers

## Credits

* Mixing - Steven DePalo
* Mastering - Howie Weinberg
# Land of the Living

Land of the Living may refer to:
* Land of the Living (album), an album by Kristine W
** Land of the Living (Kristine W song)
* Land of the Living (Pam Tillis song)
* Land of the Living (novel), a 2003 novel by Nicci French
# Landensberg

Landensberg is a municipality in the district of Günzburg in Bavaria, Germany.
# Lander's horseshoe bat

Lander's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus landeri) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae found in Africa. Its natural habitats are savanna and caves.

## Taxonomy and etymology

It was described as a new species in 1837 by English naturalist William Charles Linnaeus Martin. The eponym for the species name "landeri" was explorer Richard Lander. Martin named the species after Lander because the holotype had been collected during Lander's expedition to Fernando Pó. It was Martin's intention to posthumously honor Lander, calling him "enterprising, but unfortunate" after his untimely death at age 29.

## Description

It is a medium-sized member of its family. Individuals weigh 5–11 g (0.18–0.39 oz). Total length is approximately 75 mm (3.0 in); tail length is 23 mm (0.91 in) and forearm length is 38–41 mm (1.5–1.6 in).

## Range and habitat

It has been widely documented throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. Individuals have been found at relatively high elevations—up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) above sea level on Kenya's Mount Elgon.

## Conservation

It is currently evaluated as least concern by the IUCN—its lowest conservation priority. It meets the criteria for this assessment because it has a wide geographic range; its population size is likely large; and it is unlikely that it is in rapid decline.
# Wonders of Life (TV series)

Wonders of Life is a 2013 television documentary series presented by physicist Brian Cox. The series was produced by the BBC and Chinese state television network CCTV-9 and aired in the United Kingdom from 27 January 2013 at 9:00 pm on BBC Two. An accompanying book with the same title was also published.

## Episodes
### 1. "What is Life?"

Brian Cox journeys to Southeast Asia to see how life began on Earth and how the flow of energy created and supports life.

### 2. "Expanding Universe"

In the second episode, Brian travels to the U.S. to showcase how the laws of science allowed senses to arise.

### 3. "Endless Forms Most Beautiful"

Brian travels to Africa and Madagascar to analyse why Earth is a fertile place and how it allows complex life to exist.

### 4. "Size Matters"

The fourth episode sees Brian in Australia, looking at how the size of each plant and animal affects how long it can survive.

### 5. "Home"

In the final episode, Cox travels to Mexico to explain what makes Earth a home for life and ask what ingredients were required for complex life to begin.

## Merchandise

The Region 2 DVD discs were released on 4 March 2013.
A book related to the series was authored by Andrew Cohen and Brian Cox. The book was published on 24 January 2013.
# Sukchon station

Sukch'ŏn station is a railway station in Sukch'ŏn-ŭp, Sukch'ŏn County, South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea. It is on located on the P'yŏngŭi Line of the Korean State Railway.

## History

The station was opened, together with the rest of this section of the Kyŏngŭi Line, on 5 November 1905. Originally called Shukusen station, it was given its current name in July 1945.
# Charles T. Prewitt

Charles Thompson Prewitt (March 3, 1933 – April 28, 2022) was an American mineralogist and solid state chemist known for his work on structural chemistry of minerals and high-pressure chemistry.

## Education and career

Prewitt studied geology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an undergraduate and received his PhD in 1962 in crystallography at the same place under the supervision of Martin Buerger, where he worked on the structure determination of wollastonites and pectolites. He moved to DuPont Central Research Laboratory in Wilmington, Delaware, where he worked with Robert D. Shannon to compile the effective ionic radii, which became an important foundation of modern crystal chemistry. Afterwards, Prewitt became a professor at Stony Brook University in 1969. In 1986, he was hired by the Carnegie Institute of Science to head the Geophysics Laboratory until 1998. He later became an adjunt faculty member at University of Arizona.

## Honors and awards

Prewitt was a Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 1983. He was the vice president and president of the Mineralogical Society of America in 1983 and 1984, respectively. He was awarded the Roebling Medal from the Mineralogical Society of America in 2003. He received the inaugural Medal for Excellence from the International Mineralogical Association in 2008.
# Landing footprint

A landing footprint, also called a landing ellipse, is the area of uncertainty of a spacecraft's landing zone on an astronomical body. After atmospheric entry, the landing point of a spacecraft will depend upon the degree of control (if any), entry angle, entry mass, atmospheric conditions, and drag. (Note that the Moon and the asteroids have no aerial factors.) By aggregating such numerous variables it is possible to model a spacecraft's landing zone to a certain degree of precision. By simulating entry under varying conditions an probable ellipse can be calculated; the size of the ellipse represents the degree of uncertainty for a given confidence interval.

## Mathematical explanation

To create a landing footprint for a spacecraft, the standard approach is to use the Monte Carlo method to generate distributions of initial entry conditions and atmospheric parameters, solve the reentry equations of motion, and catalog the final longitude/latitude pair $(\lambda ,\phi )$ at touchdown. It is commonly assumed that the resulting distribution of landing sites follows a bivariate Gaussian distribution:
    $f(x)={\frac {1}{2\pi {\sqrt {|\Sigma |}}}}\exp \left[-{\frac {1}{2}}(x-\mu )^{T}\Sigma ^{-1}(x-\mu )\right]$
where:
* $x=(\lambda ,\phi )$ is the vector containing the longitude/latitude pair
* $\mu$ is the expected value vector
* $\Sigma$ is the covariance matrix
* $|\Sigma |$ denotes the determinant of the covariance matrix
Once the parameters $(\mu ,\Sigma )$ are estimated from the numerical simulations, an ellipse can be calculated for a percentile $p$. It is known that for a real-valued vector $x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}$ with a multivariate Gaussian joint distribution, the square of the Mahalanobis distance has a chi-squared distribution with $n$ degrees of freedom:
    $(x-\mu )^{T}\Sigma ^{-1}(x-\mu )\sim \chi _{n}^{2}$
This can be seen by defining the vector $z=\Sigma ^{-1/2}(x-\mu )$, which leads to $Q=z_{1}^{2}+\cdots +z_{n}^{2}$ and is the definition of the chi-squared statistic used to construct the resulting distribution. So for the bivariate Gaussian distribution, the boundary of the ellipse at a given percentile is $z^{T}z=\chi _{2}^{2}(p)$. This is the equation of a circle centered at the origin with radius ${\sqrt {\chi _{2}^{2}(p)}}$, leading to the equations:
    $z={\sqrt {\chi _{2}^{2}(p)}}{\begin{pmatrix}\cos \theta \\\sin \theta \end{pmatrix}}\Rightarrow x(\theta )=\mu +{\sqrt {\chi _{2}^{2}(p)}}\Sigma ^{1/2}{\begin{pmatrix}\cos \theta \\\sin \theta \end{pmatrix}}$
where $\theta \in [0,2\pi )$ is the angle. The matrix square root $\Sigma ^{1/2}$ can be found from the eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix, from which $\Sigma$ can be written as:
    $\Sigma =V\Lambda V^{T}\implies \Sigma ^{1/2}=V\Lambda ^{1/2}V^{T}$
where the eigenvalues lie on the diagonal of $\Lambda$. The values of $x$ then define the landing footprint for a given level of confidence, which is expressed through the choice of percentile.
# Charles H. Taylor

Charles H. Taylor may refer to:
* Charles Taylor (North Carolina politician) (born 1941), US congressman from North Carolina
* Charles H. Taylor (Michigan politician) (1813–1889), American politician who served as the Michigan Secretary of State
* Charles H. Taylor (lyricist) (1859–1907), British lyricist
* Charles H. Taylor (publisher) (1846–1921), American journalist and member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
* Chuck Taylor (salesman) (1901–1969), American basketball player and businessman
# Charles H. Stickney House

The Charles H. Stickney House in Pueblo, Colorado, USA, was built in 1890. It was designed by New York architect William Halsey Wood, and Pueblo architect Frederick Albert Hale supervised its construction.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
It was deemed significant "for its unusual Norman design uncommon in Pueblo, for its interesting use of materials, and for its association with Charles Stickney."
Features associated with Norman architecture are the two towers, the arched entrance, and its applied shingled detailing.
Charles H. Stickney (b. 1854) arrived in Colorado in 1880 and was a banker in Longmont. He sold his business there and moved to Pueblo in 1887. He joined Andrew McClelland in a business that year. He opened a new business, Charles H. Stickney Co. Investment Bankers, in 1892, which handled mortgage loans and bonds secured on Pueblo properties with corresponding bank First National Bank of Boston. In 1905 it added insurance and other services. He was active in the community, serving on the boards of the YWCA and the McLelland Library, and helping the First Congregational Church of South Pueblo build its church.
The Orman-Adams Mansion, across Colorado Avenue from the house, is also listed on the National Register.
# Women in the House of Representatives

Women in House of Representatives or House of Representatives women may refer to:
* Women in the Australian House of Representatives
* Women in the United States House of Representatives
* Women in the Sri Lanka House of Representatives; see Women in the Parliament of Sri Lanka
* Women in the House of Representatives of Jamaica
# Sun Rooms

Sun Rooms is the first album by Sun Rooms, a trio led by the American jazz vibraphonist Jason Adasiewicz with the double bass player Nate McBride and drummer Mike Reed. It was recorded in 2008 and released by Delmark Records. The band played five Adasiewicz compositions and three cover versions: "Off My Back Jack" by Hasaan Ibn Ali, from his only album, The Max Roach Trio Featuring the Legendary Hasaan, "Overtones of China" by Sun Ra and "Warm Valley" by Duke Ellington.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Down Beat | |
| All About Jazz | |
| All About Jazz | |
| Tom Hull – on the Web | B+ |
| PopMatters | |
The Down Beat review by Alain Drouot says, "Adasiewicz is a physical player equally at ease with material that requires a more gentle touch. His bell-like and resonant sound does not warrant any potent comparisons in the jazz world."
The All About Jazz review by Nic Jones says, "Sure, it's possible to name check both '60s-era Bobby Hutcherson and Walt Dickerson as points of reference, but they serve simply to highlight the fact that Adasiewicz is — for want of a better way of putting it — of a modern persuasion in both his composing and playing." AAJ's Mark Corroto commented: "The vibraphone, like the bass clarinet, can be pushed to extremes, yet never sounds bellicose or threatening. This trio can swing hard, yet the music remains a warming wash of tones and resonances."
In a review for JazzTimes, Lloyd Sachs wrote, "Bridging stark minimalism and animated freebop, the music on Sun Rooms is in a state of constant motion — and constant reinvention."
The Point of Departure review by John Litweiler says, "Adasiewicz almost always works in larger groups as a sideman. Maybe because of this trio's intimacy, this CD is the best, most revealing improvising I've heard from him."
Howard Reich of The Seattle Times included the album in his "Top 10 jazz albums of 2010" list, writing: "The translucency of the ensemble sound, the delicacy of the instrumental interplay and the sweet tintinnabulation of Adasiewicz's vibes-playing seduce the ear. Yet there's nothing sweet or lightweight about the music."
Writing for Exclaim!, Nilan Perera stated that the music is "performed with warmth and sensitivity," and commented: "The compositions themselves are quite beautiful, displaying an economy of line and exploring the distinct sounds of the vibes in a way that goes beyond the pianistic analogy."
In an article for PopMatters, John Garratt remarked: "add up the resumes for all three of these guys, and you get quite the modern jazz nexus brewing. Lyrical yet a little tame, Sun Rooms angles toward brighter things in the future."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Jason Adasiewicz except as indicated
* "Get In There" – 3:44
* "Life" – 6:12
* "Stake" – 4:43
* "Rose Garden" – 6:28
* "You Can't" – 5:55
* "Off My Back Jack" (Hasaan Ibn Ali) – 7:45
* "Overtones of China" (Sun Ra) – 4:59
* "Warm Walley" (Duke Ellington) – 5:52

## Personnel

* Jason Adasiewicz - vibraphone
* Nate McBride – double bass
* Mike Reed – drums
# Landsat Island

Landsat Island is a small, uninhabited island located at approximately 60°10'37"N 64°02'30"W, 20 kilometres (12 mi) off the northeast coast of Labrador (part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador). It was discovered in 1976 during the analysis of imagery from the Landsat 1 satellite. The island is only 25 by 45 metres (82 ft × 148 ft), with a total area of 1,125 square metres (12,110 sq ft).

## Discovery

In 1976, a Canadian coastal survey was carried out using data from the Landsat 1 satellite. Analysis of the data revealed several previously uncharted features; this includes Landsat Island, which was subsequently named after the satellite. Verification of the island's existence fell to Frank Hall of the Canadian Hydrographic Service:
   [Hall] was strapped into a harness and lowered from a helicopter down to the island. This was quite a frozen island and it was completely covered with ice. As he was lowered out of the helicopter, a polar bear took a swat at him. The bear was on the highest point on the island and it was hard for him to see because it was white. Hall yanked at the cable and got himself hauled up. He said he very nearly became the first person to end his life on Landsat Island.
Following Hall's encounter with the polar bear, it was suggested that the island be named "Polar Island," but the present name was retained.
Landsat Island marks the easternmost point of the Canadian land mass along this section of the Labrador coast. As such, its discovery increased Canada's maritime territory by 68 square kilometres (26 sq mi).
# Lamy (and Rinck)

In Peruvian philately, Lamy (infrequently Lamy and Rinck) refers to a catalogue of cancellations found on classic Peruvian stamps, from the first issue in 1857 to the end of the use of imperforate stamps in 1873. Georges Lamy published his initial study in 1955 and was joined by co-author Jacques-André Rinck in the 1960 trilingual edition entitled, Perou: étude des obliterations postales sur les émissions de 1857 a 1873. Only 330 copies of the book were printed, and there is at least one pirated edition. For collectors, the utility of the catalogue is in its illustration of 147 cancellation types, the cities and towns where they were struck, together with an estimate of how rare is each particular cancellation on a scale from 0 (very common) to 100 (exceedingly rare). Thus, a seller or collector describing a Peruvian stamp as Lamy 24 coef. 20 means that the type of cancellation is the catalogue's number 24 and the rarity coefficient of such a mark from a particular town is 20.
# Lanta, West Virginia

Lanta is an unincorporated community in Boone County, West Virginia, United States.