OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans Gottfried von Häbler

Leutnant Hans Gottfried von Häbler (actually Haebler) was a World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories.
On 17 May 1895, von Häbler was born in Großschonau in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire. He enlisted in the 1st Royal Saxon Guards Heavy Cavalry on 1 October 1913 as a one-year volunteer. He served with the cavalry for the first two years of World War I before volunteering for aviation duty of the Luftstreitkräfte in the Autumn of 1916. He trained at Fliegerersatz-Abteilung (Replacement Detachment) 9 before going operational with Flieger-Abteilung (Artillerie) Flier Detachment (Artillery) 273.
Von Häbler received further training on single-seat fighters at Jastaschule 1, then joined Jagdstaffel 36 on 30 September 1917. He scored his first aerial victory on 7 October 1917; on 18 March 1918, he scored his eighth confirmed victory. On 22 March, while flying Fokker Triplane number 509/17, he engaged and bested a Sopwith Camel over Metz-en-Couture, though the victory went unconfirmed. He was subsequently hit by anti-aircraft fire. His triplane fell virtually undamaged behind British lines near Havrincourt. Trying to set his plane on fire, he was shot upon by British troops who had arrived at the scene. Hans Gottfried von Häbler died of his wounds on the same day in a field hospital near Bapaume while in British captivity.

## Honors and awards

* Iron Cross, II. and I. Class
* Saxony's Order of Albert, Knight's Cross II. Class with swords
* Prussian Military Pilot Badge
* Ehrenbecher für den Sieger im Luftkampf
* Civil Order of Saxony, Knight's Cross II. Class with swords
* Kingdom of Saxony's Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Saint Henry: Awarded 2 October 1917
* Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern

## Sources of information

* ↑ The Aeerodrome website page on Häbler Retrieved 29 October 2020
* 1 2 3 Franks et al 1993, p. 122.
# Howard Davis (professor of architecture)

Howard Davis is an American writer and professor of architecture at the University of Oregon in Eugene. A native of New York City, he studied physics at Cooper Union and at Northwestern University and received a master's degree in architecture from the University of California, Berkeley, where he worked with Christopher Alexander. He has worked on projects in the Pacific Northwest, India, England, Mexico and Israel.
He is known for his research into vernacular architecture and building history, published in the book The Culture of Building (1999, reprinted in paperback 2006). He also collaborated with Christopher Alexander on The Production of Houses (1985), an account of an innovative housing project in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. His current research is concerned with urban buildings that combine commercial and residential uses; museums and memorials to war; housing; and American architectural education. His latest book is "Living Over the Store: Architecture and Local Urban Life." Davis was founding co-editor of Buildings & Landscapes, the journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum.
The Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture honored Davis with the ACSA Distinguished Professor Award in 2009.
# North Ottawa Township, Grant County, Minnesota

North Ottawa Township is a township in Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 69 at the 2000 census.

## History

North Ottawa Township was organized in 1882, and named after Ottawa, Illinois, the former home of an early settler.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.6 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 69 people, 27 households, and 21 families residing in the township. The population density was 1.9 people per square mile (0.7/km$^2$). There were 28 housing units at an average density of 0.8/sq mi (0.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.55% White, and 1.45% from two or more races.
There were 27 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.4% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $36,875, and the median income for a family was $35,625. Males had a median income of $0 versus $41,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,451. There were 21.7% of families and 18.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 13.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.
# Household production function

Consumers often choose not directly from the commodities that they purchase, but from commodities they transform into goods through a household production function. It is these goods that they value. The idea was originally proposed by Gary Becker, Kelvin Lancaster, and Richard Muth in the mid-1960s. The idea was introduced simultaneously into macroeconomics in two separate papers by Jess Benhabib, Richard Rogerson, and Randall Wright (1991); and Jeremy Greenwood and Zvi Hercowitz (1991). Household production theory has been used to explain the rise in married female labor-force participation over the course of the 20th century, as the result of labor-saving appliances. More recently with the rise of the DIY or Maker movement household production has become more sophisticated. For example, consumers can now convert plastic wire into high-value products with inexpensive 3-D printers in their own homes.

## Example

A simple example of this is baking a cake. The consumer purchases flour, eggs, and sugar and then uses labor, know-how, time and other resources producing a cake. The consumer did not really want the flour, sugar, or eggs, but purchased them to produce the cake for consumption (instead of buying it, e.g., from a bakery).
# Howard Gentry

Howard Gentry may refer to:
* Howard Scott Gentry (1903–1993), American botanist
* Howard C. Gentry, head college football coach for the Tennessee State University Tigers, 1955–1960
# Howard Georgi

Howard Mason Georgi III (born January 6, 1947) is an American theoretical physicist and the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and Harvard College Professor at Harvard University. He is also director of undergraduate studies in physics. He was co-master and then faculty dean of Leverett House with his wife, Ann Blake Georgi, from 1998 to 2018. His early work was in Grand Unification and gauge coupling unification within SU(5) and SO(10) groups (see Georgi–Glashow model).

## Education

Georgi graduated from Pingry School in 1964, graduated from Harvard College in 1967 and obtained his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1971. He was junior fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows (1973–1976) and a senior fellow from (1982–1998).

## Career

In early 1974 Georgi (with Sheldon Glashow) published the first grand unified theory (GUT), the Minimal SU(5) Georgi–Glashow model. Georgi independently (alongside Harald Fritzsch and Peter Minkowski) published a minimal SO(10) GUT model in 1974.
Georgi proposed an SU(5) GUT model with softly broken supersymmetry with Savas Dimopoulos in 1981. This paper is one of the foundational works for the supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). After the measurements of the three Standard Model gauge couplings at LEP I in 1991, it was shown that particle content of the MSSM, in contrast to the Standard Model alone, led to precision gauge coupling unification.
He has since worked on several different areas of physics including composite Higgs models, heavy quark effective theory, dimensional deconstruction, little Higgs, and unparticle theories.
Unparticle physics is a theory that there exists matter that cannot be explained in terms of particles, because its components are scale invariant. Howard Georgi proposed this theory in the spring of 2007 in the papers "Unparticle Physics" and "Another Odd Thing About Unparticle Physics".
Together with Vadim Kuzmin, Georgi received the Pomeranchuk Prize of the Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) in 2006.
Georgi has published several books, one of which is Lie Algebras in Particle Physics published by World Scientific. He has also published The Physics of Waves and Weak Interactions and Modern Particle Theory.

## Honors

In 1995 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and received the Sakurai Prize; in 2000 he shared the Dirac Medal with Jogesh Pati and Helen Quinn.
# Norrin M. Ripsman

Norrin M. Ripsman is a Canadian political scientist whose research mainly examines security, regional peacemaking, and neoclassical realism. Before 2016, he taught at Concordia University, Quebec, Canada. Since 2016, he has been Monroe J. Rathbone Professor in the International Relations Department at Lehigh University, Pennsylvania, US.

## Biography
### Education

Ripsman earned a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in Political science from University of Toronto in 1989 and 1990 and received his PhD in Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania in 1997.

### Academic career

From 1998 to 1999, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Mershon Center for International Security, Ohio State University. From 1999 to 2001, Ripsman worked at Department of Political Science, Dalhousie University as a visiting assistant professor.
From 2000 to 2016, Ripsman worked at Department of Political Science, Concordia University as an assistant professor (2000–4), associate professor (2004–10) and professor (2010–16). During this 16-year period, he was a research fellow of International Security Program at Harvard Kennedy School of Government (2011) and a visiting scholar at University of Melbourne (2006–7) and Northern Illinois University (2012–13).

## Theoretical contribution to neoclassical realism

Ripsman co-edited/co-authored Neoclassical Realism, the State, and Foreign Policy (2009) and Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Politics (2016), which develop neoclassical realist theory in international relations, with Jeffrey W. Taliaferro and Steven E. Lobell.
Ripsman wrote an entry entitled Neoclassical Realism for the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies in 2011.

## Publications
### Monographs

* Peacemaking from Above, Peace from Below: States, Societies, and Peacemaking Between Regional Rivals (Cornell University Press, 2016)
* Peacemaking by Democracies: The Effect of State Autonomy on the Post-World-War Settlements (Penn State University Press, 2002)

### Co-authored books

* Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Politics (Oxford University Press, 2016)
* Economic Statecraft and Foreign Policy (Routledge, 2013)
* Globalization and the National Security State (Oxford University Press, 2010)

### Edited volumes

* The Political Economy of Regional Peacemaking (University of Michigan Press, 2016)
* The Challenge of Grand Strategy (Cambridge University Press, 2012)
* Neoclassical Realism, the State, and Foreign Policy (Cambridge University Press, 2009)
* Power and the Purse: Economic Statecraft, Interdependence, and International Conflict (Frank Cass, 2000).

### Selected articles

Ripsman has published peer-reviewed articles in International Security, International Studies Quarterly, Security Studies, Millennium: A Journal of International Studies, International Interactions, International Studies Review, Geopolitics, International Journal, and The Canadian Journal of Political Science.
# Hoằng Hóa district

Hoằng Hóa is a district (huyện) of Thanh Hóa province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 250,864. The district covers an area of 225 km$^2$. The district capital is in Bút Sơn.

## Administration

Hoang Hoa district has 37 affiliated commune-level administrative units, including Bút Sơn (district town) and 36 communes:
* Hoang Cat
* Hoang Chau
* Hoang Dao
* Hoang Dat
* Hoang Dong
* Hoang Duc
* Hoang Giang
* Hoang Ha
* Hoang Hai
* Hoang Hop
* Hoang Kim
* Hoang Loc
* Hoang Luu
* Hoang Ngoc
* Hoang Phong
* Hoang Phu
* Hoang Phuong
* Hoang Quy
* Hoang Son
* Hoang Tan
* Hoang Thai
* Hoang Thanh
* Hoang Thang
* Hoang Thinh
* Hoang Tien
* Hoang Trach
* Hoang Trinh
* Hoang Trung
* Hoang Truong
* Hoang Xuan
* Hoang Xuyen
* Hoang Yen
# Norman Gevitz

Norman Gevitz is a medical sociologist and historian and academic administrator. He has written numerous books and papers on the history of medicine in the United States and England. He is perhaps best known for his book, The D.O.s: Osteopathic Medicine in America, where he discusses the history of the profession osteopathic medicine in the United States.
Gevitz formerly taught at the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, the Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, and the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine. He is currently a professor and Senior Vice President of Academic Affairs at A.T. Still University.
Gevitz also wrote Other Healers: Unorthodox Medicine in America, and co-wrote Beyond Flexner: Medical Education in the Twentieth Century.

## Education

Norman Gevitz studied political science at New York University, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1970, and then a Master of Arts in 1971. After moving to the University of Chicago where he studied sociology, earning a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in 1980.
# Nortec

Nortec (from the combination of "norteño" and "techno") is a genre of electronic dance music developed in Tijuana (a border city in Baja California, Mexico) that first gained popularity in 2001. Nortec music is characterized by hard dance beats and samples from traditional forms of Mexican music such as Banda sinaloense and Norteño - unmistakably Mexican horns are often used.
Different individual projects create Nortec music. There is also a "Colectivo Visual": a group of designers and VJs who take care of the visual side of Nortec live shows. The term Nortec is a conjunction of norteño ("of" or "from the North") and techno, but mainly describes the collision between the music, style and culture of electronic music with those of norteño and tambora, two music genres indigenous to the North of Mexico. These styles are characterized by their use of accordions and double bass (norteño); tubas, clarinets, horns and pumping bass drums (tambora) and quirky use of percussion and polyrhythmic snare drum rolls (both). All of these elements are used to create a sound that is very Tijuana-like.
Nortec originated in 1999 when Pepe Mogt started by experimenting with samples of old banda sinaloense and norteño albums and altering them on his computer or filtering them with analog synthesizers. He had picked up on the idea by listening to the percussive and angular grooves of the tambora and norteña music played at a family social event. Through some contacts in recording studios located in Tijuana's notorious Zona Norte red light district, Pepe compiled tracks of isolated instruments from multitrack recording of tambora and norteño demo recordings that had been abandoned at the studios by the bands that recorded them. He began to burn these tracks onto CD-Rs, which he would later distribute to friends under the condition that they make a new track using the material.
Those first raw tracks were compiled onto the "Nor-tec Sampler", the first release from Mil Records followed by the release "The Tijuana Sessions Vol. 1" and then "The Tijuana Sessions Vol. 3".
# Huang Yijun

Huang Yijun (simplified Chinese: 黄贻钧; traditional Chinese: 黄貽鈞; 4 May 1915 – 11 October 1995; pen name: 元之; pinyin: Yuán Zhī) was a Chinese conductor and composer.
Born in Suzhou into a musical family, Huang exhibited great musical talent from a young age. His father, a strict man, taught him organ and violin, and Huang taught himself a variety of Chinese and Western instruments, including piano, harmonica, erhu, yangqin, jinghu, yueqin and even Beijing and Kun Opera.
He moved to Shanghai in the mid-1930s, where he joined in orchestral recordings for the Pathé label. In 1938, he joined the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, became the head of the orchestra in 1953. He recorded a number of film-scores, and accepted invitations to conduct symphonies in Finland (1956), the USSR (1958) and, at the invitation of Herbert Von Karajan in 1981 Berlin. He was persecuted and removed from his position in the Cultural Revolution.
# North American camel

North American camel may refer to:
# Huangdi Township

Huangdi Township (simplified Chinese: 荒地乡; traditional Chinese: 荒地鄉; pinyin: Huāngdì Xiāng) is a township in Longhua County, Hebei, China. As of 2020, it administers the following 17 villages:
* Xi Village (西村)
* Dong Village (东村)
* Dengchang Village (邓厂村)
* Yingtaogoumen Village (樱桃沟门村)
* Ergoumen Village (二沟门村)
* Pingdingshan Village (平顶山村)
* Shaoguoying Village (烧锅营村)
* Yingfang Village (营房村)
* Liangdi Village (梁底村)
* Xiaohougou Village (小后沟村)
* Shangguanying Village (上官营村)
* Dahougou Village (大后沟村)
* Shihugoumen Village (石虎沟门村)
* Maojikou Village (茅吉口村)
* Erdaowan Village (二道湾村)
* Linggoumen Village (岭沟门村)
* Luanjiawan Village (栾家湾村)
# North Passage Island

North Passage Island is an island of the Andaman Islands. It belongs to the North and Middle Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island lies 80 km (50 mi) north from Port Blair.

## Geography

The island belongs to the East Baratang Group and lies east of Baratang and Colebrooke Island. It is 3 nmi (3.0 nmi; 5.6 km) south of Long Island. 95% of the island is a wildlife reserve. The Cape Portman lighthouse, with a focal plane 29 m (95 ft); white flash every 5 s. This lighthouse marks the northern entrance to Diligent Strait. Located on a sharp cape at the northern tip of North Passage Island.

## Administration

Politically, North Passage Island, along neighboring East Baratang Group, is part of Rangat Taluk.

## Demographics

There is only 1 village, located at Merk Bay. North Passage Island in Andaman and Nicobar has very diminutive history of habitation, other than erratic visits from different sects of the Great Andamanese. Just about 100 acres of land behind Merk Bay beach was handed over to the Agriculture Department of Andaman Islands four decades ago. This was done in order to set up a coconut plantation. The only inhabitants of this island at present are representatives of the Forest Department and caretakers of the Coconut Plantation.
# Northwest Boundary Dike

Northwest Boundary Dike is a historic earthen dike located near Hopkins, Richland County, South Carolina. It was built about 1840 by settlers in the Congaree Swamp to control the periodic flooding of the Congaree River and utilize the fertile swampland. The Northwest Boundary Dike measures approximately 10-to-30-foot-wide-by-5-foot-high, and runs for approximately 2000 feet.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
# Howard Mehring

Howard Mehring (1931–1978) was a twentieth-century painter born in Washington, D.C.
Howard Mehring is associated with Color Field painting and the Washington Color School and the artists at Jefferson Place Gallery. Mehring and Robert Gates both received grants from The Woodward Foundation to travel in Europe during 1971 to broaden their art backgrounds. His connection with Vincent Melzac was instrumental in developing his work. Early in his career (1956–1958) he shared studio space with Thomas Downing, with whom he had been a student of Kenneth Noland at Catholic University. Some of their paintings from that period are difficult to tell apart.
Mehring's early work is a "Washington version" of abstract expressionism, with the loose handling of paint on a surface but a much more transparent use of magna paint, an acrylic paint developed by Leonard Bocour. The stylistic resemblance to Mountains and Sea by Helen Frankenthaler is obvious.
As Mehring developed as an artist his work became much more structured. He went from a painted surface with an all-over pattern to cutting up canvas with the all-over pattern and gluing it back together. Later he used some of those same forms to make "hard-edge paintings", such as Chroma Double from 1965, in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art.
Mehring and the other Washington Color School painters were in debt to the writings of Clement Greenberg. In 1964 Greenberg included Mehring in his traveling museum exhibition called Post-painterly Abstraction.
# Northampton (album)

Northampton is the 6th album and 2nd official live album for Enter the Haggis. It became available May 4, 2007. It is the third album on their current label, UFO Music (United for Opportunity), and was produced by the band and Zach McNees.
The album was recorded entirely live at the Iron Horse Music Hall in Northampton, Massachusetts on March 9 and 10, 2007.
The band had performed at Iron Horse Music Hall several times in the past, and so could count on sold out shows. Four shows were scheduled, two each night. The first three shows featured identical set lists, which became the album tracks listed below. Since satisfactory recordings of all songs were obtained the first three shows, the band was able to play some other songs the fourth show.
CDs were just sold at concert venues before the official release date of June 5, 2007. It is now available through usual channels, including the iTunes Store.

## Track listing

* "One Last Drink"
* "No More Stones"
* "Fiddle Set"
* "Another Round"
* "Cynical"
* "Marti's Last Stand"
* "New Monthly Flavour"
* "Lancaster Gate"
* "The Apothecary"
* "What I've Done"
* "Long Way Home"
* "Congress"
* "Gasoline"
* "Twirling Towards Freedom"
* "Down With The Ship"
* "Outtakes" (iTunes Exclusive)

## Production

* Producer - Enter the Haggis, Zach McNees
* Engineer & Mixing - Zach McNees
* Mastering - Ricardo Gutierrez
* Assistant Engineer - Rosco, Tim Price
* Additional Editing - Tim Price
* Mobile Recording - MetroRemote
* System Engineers - Pete Peloquin, Ben Chandler
* System Crew - Jeff Beauregard, Mike Sculz, Josh Hurley
* Front of House and Intro - Lazlo
* This 2000s folk album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Nostitz

Nostitz refers to
* Nostitz (Weißenberg), a place in Saxony, Germany
* Nostitz family, a Silesian aristocratic family named after the place, including a list of notable family members
# Hubert Rhys

Hubert Ralph John Rhys (31 August 1897 – 18 March 1970) was a Welsh cricketer. Rhys was a right-handed batsman. He was born at Aberdare, Glamorgan, and was educated at Shrewsbury School.
Rhys made his first-class debut for the Free Foresters against Cambridge University in 1929, making a century on debut with a score of 149 in the Free Foresters first-innings. This would be the only time he would make a century in his brief first-class career. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Glamorgan in the County Championship against Leicestershire at Ynysangharad Park, Pontypridd. He made a further appearance in that season against Surrey. In the following season, Rhys made five first-class appearances for Glamorgan, the last of which came against Sussex, which was also his final match for the county. Rhys made a total of seven first-class appearances for Glamorgan, scoring 147 runs at an average of 12.25, with a high score of 35. In that same season he also made two further first-class appearances: one for the Free Foresters against Cambridge University, in which he recorded his only first-class half century with a score of 73, while another appearance came for Wales against the Marylebone Cricket Club. Rhys later appeared in a single Minor Counties Championship match for Monmouthshire against Berkshire in 1934.
He died at Llandaff, Glamorgan, on 18 March 1970.