OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Physical mathematics

The subject of physical mathematics is concerned with mathematics that is motivated by physics and is considered by some as a subfield of mathematical physics.

## Overview

Physically motivated mathematics existed within a tradition of mathematical analysis of nature that goes back to the ancient Greeks. A good example is Archimedes' Method of Mechanical Theorems, where the principle of the balance is used to find results in pure geometry. This tradition, elaborated further by Islamic and Byzantine scholars, was reintroduced to the West in the 12th century and during the Renaissance. It became known as "mixed mathematics" and was a major contributor to the emergence of modern mathematical physics in the 17th century.
The details of physical units and their manipulation were addressed by Alexander Macfarlane in Physical Arithmetic in 1885. The science of kinematics created a need for mathematical representation of motion and has found expression with complex numbers, quaternions, and linear algebra.
At the University of Cambridge the Mathematical Tripos tested students on their knowledge of "mixed mathematics". "... [N]ew books which appeared in the mid-eighteenth century offered a systematic introduction to the fundamental operations of the fluxional calculus and showed how it could be applied to a wide range of mathematical and physical problems. ... The strongly problem-oriented presentation in the treatises ... made it much easier for university students to master the fluxional calculus and its applications [and] helped define a new field of mixed mathematical studies..."
An adventurous expression of physical mathematics is found in Maxwell's A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, which used partial differential equations. The text aspired to describe phenomena in four dimensions, but the foundation for this physical world, Minkowski space, trailed by forty years.
String theorist Greg Moore said this about physical mathematics in his vision talk at Strings 2014.
   "The use of the term “Physical Mathematics” in contrast to the more traditional “Mathematical Physics” by myself and others is not meant to detract from the venerable subject of Mathematical Physics but rather to delineate a smaller subfield characterized by questions and goals that are often motivated, on the physics side, by quantum gravity, string theory, and supersymmetry, (and more recently by the notion of topological phases in condensed matter physics), and, on the mathematics side, often involve deep relations to infinite-dimensional Lie algebras (and groups), topology, geometry, and even analytic number theory, in addition to the more traditional relations of physics to algebra, group theory, and analysis."
# Rizal Park Open Air Auditorium

The Rizal Park Open-Air Auditorium is a covered amphitheater situated within the Rizal Park in Manila, Philippines which serves as a venue for concerts and other events.

## History

There was a proposal to build an amphitheater behind the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park although it was later decided that the entertainment venue be built in another location inside the park beside the Chinese Gardens due to the area having more space and slope. The amphitheater was designed by National Artist Leandro Locsin. In the 2010s, a canopy roof was installed.
# Sanfront

Sanfront is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Cuneo.
Sanfront borders the following municipalities: Barge, Brossasco, Envie, Gambasca, Paesana, Rifreddo, and Sampeyre.
# Rhadinella stadelmani

Rhadinella stadelmani, Stadelman's pine woods snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Guatemala.
# Xiatun

Xiatun (下屯) is a village located in Guozhuang Town (果庄镇), Ju County, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China. The dialect of Xiatun is Qingdao dialect.
Shuidong is on the east, with Guozhuang on the west. On the south is Wangjialing, and north is Tianguangzhuang.

## History

In 1666 AD, Bing settled the village named Xiatun to hide away. To avoid the strong wind, they moved down from the Ridge, renamed the village as Xiazhuang (下庄, literally "the village under the ridge"). To avoid duplicating names, they renamed again, which is Xiatun (下屯) until now.
# Sinlabajos

Sinlabajos is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 174 inhabitants.
# Csátalja

Csátalja (German: Tschatali, Croatian: Čatalija) is a village in Bács-Kiskun county, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary.

## Geography

It covers an area of 81.8 km$^2$ (32 sq mi) and had a population of 1437 people as of 2015.
# Physical markup language

Physical markup language (PML) is a markup language based on XML for communicating a description of physical environments and the objects within them, their relationships to you, each other and the space. Within a location, the devices (RFID tags) controlled by the PML language act as parts of a browser. Together they render the experience. Each device contains a component that interprets the PML related to the device’s capabilities.
The physical markup language (PML) is proposed as a general, standard means for describing physical objects and environments for industrial, commercial and consumer applications. Given the broad scope of this vision, PML is crafted to allow modularity and flexibility.
The objective of PML is a simple, general language for describing physical objects for use in monitoring and control of a physical environment – particularly through the Internet. Applications include inventory tracking, automatic transaction, supply chain management, machine control and object-to-object communication.
See the definition of PML in MIT.EDU
# Keldur

63°49′19″N 20°4′26″W﻿ / ﻿63.82194°N 20.07389°W﻿ / 63.82194; -20.07389
Keldur is a village in Rangárvellir on Iceland in the region of Suðurland. In the village there is an old manor house and the ruins of an old residence. In the manor, inhabited until 1946, there are some 20 buildings. To the north of the village is the Hekla volcano.
On 18 December 2001 the village was placed on Iceland's tentative world heritage list for its traditional turf-covered houses. On 7 February 2011 Iceland updated the list, placing Keldur on the tentative world heritage turf house tradition list.

## History

The first known farmer at Keldur was Ingjaldur Höskuldsson; he is mentioned in the 13th century Njal's saga. The farm later became the residence of the Oddaverjar chieftains. The chief Jón Loftsson lived here and is believed to be buried in the village. In the 13th century, the chieftain Hálfdan Sæmundsson, grandson of Jón, and his wife Steinvör Sighvatsdóttir lived at Keldur.
The foundation of the residential building in Keldur is considered to be from the 11th century. The house is today the oldest in Iceland. The residence is now a museum. From the residential building, an old underground passage leads to the farm stream, which was rediscovered during an archaeological excavation in 1998. Such passages, called jarðhus, are mentioned in the Icelandic sagas.
In the past, the land north of Keldur was an overgrown area with several farms now buried in the black lava sand. The area was overgrown until the middle of the 19th century when the sand took over. The sand is believed to have arisen in connection with the eruption of Hekla in 1511. When the thick layer of pumice settled after the volcanic eruption, south and southwest of Hekla, sand began to blow through wind erosion towards Rangárvellir and the village of Keldur.
There has been a church in Keldur from the earliest times, and served from Odda. The current log church, called Keldnakirkja in Icelandic, was built in 1875.
* Gable end of one of the turf houses
* The Keldnakirkja church. Gables of turf houses in the village can be seen on the left.
# Tamulpur Assembly constituency

Tamulpur Assembly constituency) is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly. Tamulpur forms part of the Kokrajhar Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Legislative assembly

| Year | Name | Party | Votes | Vote % | Margin |
| 2021 (by-election) | Jolen Daimary | UPPL | 86,678 | 59.62% | 57,059 |
| 2021 | Leho Ram Boro | UPPL | 78,818 | 46.75% | 32,183 |
| 2016 | Emmanuel Moshahary | BPF | 63,031 | 83% | 19,947 |
| 2011 | Emmanuel Moshahary | BPF | 44,017 | 36% | 4,608 |
| 2006 | Chandi Basumatary | IND | 37,131 | 31% | 3,350 |
| 2001 | Biswajit Daimary | IND | 56,017 | 52% | 16,854 |
| 1996 | Derhagra Moshahary | IND | 27,770 | 31% | 7,681 |
| 1991 | Derhagra Moshahary | IND | 19,920 | 23% | 7,863 |
| 1985 | Bhaben Narzinary | IND | 20,401 | 29% | 7,112 |
| 1983 | Padam Bahadur Chouhan | INC | 12,566 | 41% | 5,273 |
| 1978 | Padam Bahadur Chouhan | JNP | 12,960 | 29% | 286 |

## Election results
### 2021 by-election

2021 Assam Legislative Assembly By-Election: Tamulpur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | UPPL | Jolen Daimary | 86,678 | 59.62 |
| | Independent | Ganesh Kochari | 29,619 | 20.67 |
| | Gana Suraksha Party | Brajendra Nath Deka | 13,573 | 9.34 |
| | INC | Bhaskar Dahal | 7,763 | 5.34 |
| | Independent | Yashwanta Chouhan | 3,035 | 2.09 |
| | None of the Above | None of the Above | 2,906 | 2 |
| | VPI | Rajkumar Baro | 1,814 | 1.25 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 57,059 | 38.95 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,45,388 | |
| | UPPL hold | UPPL hold | Swing | |
# Sang, Northern Region

Sang is a town in the Northern Region of north Ghana. The Mion District is one of the new districts created in 2018 in Ghana. It used to be part of the Yendi Municipal District. It is the capital of the Mion District. The largest town to the west is Tamale and to the east is Yendi.
# Athemistus aborigine

Athemistus aborigine is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Carter in 1926. It is known from Australia.
# Xotic

Xotic is an indie action-shooter developed by WXP Games and published by Valcon Games. The game was released for Microsoft Windows on September 16, 2011, via Steam and on November 16, 2011, for the Xbox 360. A Desura release came later on February 12, 2012.

## Gameplay

After existing as a non-corporeal energy being for eternity, an ancient entity known as The Orb has gone rogue. The Orb is lonely and longs for a body. Infuriated, it embarks on a galactic massacre, taking over species and obliterating planets that have the alluring, red-glowing toxins known as scabs. As a warrior genetically engineered to battle The Orb, the player assumes the role of the antagonist of the game.
Every level has rows and groups of red blobs known as "scabs" (featured in the cover art) that, when hit, burst one after the other to maintain a chain bar that is used for "terraforming." The player's chain multiplier and final score will increase the longer they shoot other scabs to keep this bar from lowering to zero.
The story exposition is hammered significantly by the voice-over narrative - which is forced through a filter attempting to give it a futuristic sound but, at the same time, makes it more difficult to decipher what's being said. The game also includes leaderboards so players can compare their skills with friends.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score | Score |
| Aggregator | PC | Xbox 360 |
| Metacritic | 67/100 | 52/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score |
| Publication | PC | Xbox 360 |
| Destructoid | 8/10 | N/A |
| GamesMaster | N/A | 6.5/10 |
| GameSpot | 6.5/10 | 6/10 |
| IGN | N/A | 3/10 |
| Official Xbox Magazine (UK) | N/A | 7/10 |
| Official Xbox Magazine (US) | N/A | 4.5/10 |
| Game Rant | N/A | |
Xotic received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.
Destructoid stated that "Xotic demands a certain competitive mindset to fully enjoy it, to be sure, but for those who want to test their first-person skills with the type of score-based arcade gameplay that is usually found in other genres, it does what it sets out to do and it does so successfully without overwhelming the player."
Brett Todd for GameSpot stated that "The PC and Xbox 360 versions of the game are nearly identical, although there are some differences when it comes to controls. The 360 edition has issues with imprecise movement and overly twitchy aiming." He also said that "The distinctive look, alien level design, and hallucinogenic story and setting are the biggest pluses in Xotic."
# Bully Buhlan

Bully Buhlan (3 February 1924 – 7 November 1982) was a German musician. He was also an actor known for Königin der Arena (1952), Die große Starparade (1954) and Sag' die Wahrheit (1946).

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1946 | Tell the Truth | Singer |
| 1950 | Three Girls Spinning | Singer |
| 1952 | The Chaste Libertine | Singer |
| 1952 | Homesick for You | Singer |
| 1952 | Queen of the Arena | Singer |
| 1953 | The Singing Hotel | Tommy Olsen |
| 1953 | The Bogeyman | |
| 1953 | Ein tolles Früchtchen | Gunar |
| 1953 | Hit Parade | Max Balduweit |
| 1954 | The Abduction of the Sabine Women | Charly Gross |
| 1954 | The Telephone Operator | Bobby |
| 1954 | The Big Star Parade | Himself |
| 1955 | How Do I Become a Film Star? | |
| 1955 | Request Concert | |
| 1956 | Ich und meine Schwiegersöhne | Theo Brockmann |
| 1956 | ' mit schwachem Gedächtnis | Billy Turner |
| 1956 | Emperor's Ball | Graf Baranyi |
| 1960 | Marina | Peter Hiller |
| 1971 | ...und heute heißt es Show | Singer |

## Death

Bully Buhlan died on November 7th, 1982 in West Berlin after suffering a heart attack.
# Alto Rendimiento Tuzo

Alto Rendimiento Tuzo was a Mexican football club in Pachuca, Hidalgo, was placed in the Segunda División de México Liga Nuevos Talentos. The club was not eligible for promotion because it is affiliated with Mexican Liga Bancomer MX club C.F. Pachuca with whom they share the same stadium for training.

## Honors

* Segunda División de México (1) : Apertura 2008
# Salvador Flores Huerta

Salvador Flores Huerta (17 February 1934 – 14 December 2018) was a Mexican Roman Catholic bishop.
Flores Huerta was born in Mexico and was ordained to the priesthood in 1958. He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico, from 1993 to 2006.
# Phytoecia demelti

Phytoecia demelti is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Sama in 2003. It is known from Turkey.
# Black-and-rufous warbling finch

The black-and-rufous warbling finch (Poospiza nigrorufa) is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae.
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forest.
This species was formerly considered conspecific with the black-and-chestnut warbling finch (Poospiza whitii). The taxa were split based on molecular genetic and phenotypic data.
# Viva Machine

Viva Machine were a Welsh rock band, formed in 2003. Initially known as Ipsofacto, they adopted the name Viva Machine in 2006. In 2008 they added a second guitarist and synth player Justin Hendy. The band announced an indefinite hiatus in September 2009.

## History

The band released their first single, "My Jet Set Radio", on 4 December 2006, which had a small amount of airplay on BBC Radio 1, as well as being featured on ITV show The Guest List, where the band also performed.
In 2007, working with producer Richard Jackson, the band wrote and recorded their debut album, recording 15 album tracks and around 20 b-sides. They finished most of the album in mid-2008. "Robotbodyrox" was the first single from the album, with "Go! Go! Go!" as the b-side. The music video for the single was released online on 21 October 2008.
In September 2008 the band added another guitarist and synth player Justin Hendy.
The band's debut album, Viva Machine, was released on 15 June 2009 by Rocklouder Records, after a break from live shows so bassist Tom Stephens could finish his degree. The track "Earthquakers & Loveshakers" was released as a free download on 8 June to promote the album's release.
In September 2009 the band announced a lengthy, possibly indefinite hiatus, citing financial and educational commitments.

## Influences

In an interview in 2007, the band cited influences including Clutch, Queens of the Stone Age, Weezer, Jarcrew, Biffy Clyro, Radiohead and The Beach Boys.

## Band members

* Chris Seacombe (vocals, synth)
* Tom Stephens (bass, vocals)
* Gareth Carter (guitar, vocals)
* Dai "D.P. Francais" Francis (drums)
* Justin Hendy (guitar, synth)(2008–present)

## Discography
### Albums

* Viva Machine (2009)

### Singles

* "My Jet Set Radio" (2006)
* "Robotbodyrox" (2008)
* "Earthquakers & Loveshakers" (2009)
# Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Male Dubbing Artist

The Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Male Dubbing Artist is given by the state government as part of its annual Tamil Nadu State Film Awards for Tamil (Kollywood) films.

## The list

Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won.
| Year | Dubbing Artist | Film | Dubbed For |
| 2015 | Gautham Kumar | 36 Vayadhinile | |
| 2014 | Santhakumar | Nimirndhu Nil | |
| 2013 | Kathir | Pandiya Naadu | Sharath Lohitashwa |
| 2012 | M. Rajendran | Saguni | Kota Srinivasa Rao |
| 2011 | Sai Ravi | Siruthai | Avinash |
| 2010 | K. Manohar | Narthagi | |
| 2009 | Vinodh | Anthony Yaar? | Lal |
| 2008 | M. A. Prakash | Kee Mu | Charan Raj |
| 2007 | K. P. Sekhar | Malarinum Melliya | Vignesh |
| 2006 | Kathir | |
| 2005 | S. N. Surendar | Anniyan | Nedumudi Venu |
| 2004 | | |
| 2003 | | |
| 2002 | Murali Kumar | Run | Atul Kulkarni |
| 2001 | Sai Ravi | Dhill | Ashish Vidyarthi |
| 2000 | Rajeev | Bharathi | Sayaji Shinde |
# John Scott-Scott

John Lanfear Scott-Scott (22 June 1934 – 12 December 2015) was a British mechanical and aerospace engineer. After graduating from the University of Birmingham, he joined Armstrong Siddeley Motors in 1955, becoming a hydrodynamicist at their Rocket Department. He worked there on Black Arrow, making important contributions to the fuel pump system.
Later he helped to form, and worked at, Reaction Engines Limited until he retired in 2011.
Scott-Scott married Pauline W. A. Cullen in 1955; they had two daughters and a son.
He was the Chairman of the Coventry Branch, Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust from November 2000 until May 2014.
# Irene Condachi

Irene Condachi (7 June 1899 – 3 September 1970) was a Maltese physician, one of only two female doctors practicing on the island during World War II. One of the founders of the school medical service, she became the medical officer for the government school and is credited with eradicating scabies in the education system.

## Early life

Irene Condachi was born in Malta on 7 June 1899. Her family were recent migrants to the island from Greece and her father, Constanino Condachi was a merchant. She was raised in the Greek Orthodox tradition, which had a more tolerant attitude to women working outside the home. In 1916, she began her medical studies at the University of Malta, but left after one year. A decade later, she graduated as a medical doctor from the University of Naples. Continuing her studies, Condachi received a specialist's degree in paediatrics in 1928 from the University of Pavia.

## Career

Returning to Malta after completing her studies, Condachi became an assistant to Joseph Ellul, the professor in charge of Midwifery and Gynaecology at the University of Malta in Valletta. In 1938, she was hired as the medical officer of the government school, and made her home on Luzio Street in Sliema. At the onset of war, with many men joining up to fight, women became more involved in the defense services for the island. Along with an ophthalmologist and a dentist, Condachi began the school medical service. Lacking transportation, she walked or hitched rides to visit the various schools of the island to inoculate and perform medical examinations on over 20,000 school children between 1941 and 1942. She was responsible for eradicating scabies in the government schools using a petroleum-based ointment. The conditions of her work were dangerous, as in 1941, government schools were converted into hospitals and refugee centers. While overseeing the hospital in the government school at Qormi, the facility was bombed and Condachi, her staff, refugees and students narrowly escaped to an underground shelter beneath the girls' school. One of only two women doctors known to have practiced in Malta during the war, Condachi continued as the Ministry of Education's medical officer until 1959. She was the highest-paid woman in government service in her era.

## Death and legacy

Condachi died in 1970 and is remembered for her long career in providing medical service to Malta.
In 2014, Simon Cusens completed his master's degree, "the first academic work" on the topic of Maltese women's history during World War II. During his research, he discovered Condachi's story which was to be included in a 2016 book.
# Xotox

Xotox is a solo musical project started by Andreas Davids in 1998.

## History

Xotox released several self-published albums from 1998 to 2002, gaining some attention in Germany. After the release of Disinhibition in 2000, the band started performing live at various venues in Germany, attracting media attention and several favourable reviews. In 2002, songs such as eisenkiller and zweischicht went into rotation at numerous clubs in Germany, attracting the attention of the record label Pronoize, which signed them. "Lichtlos", their debut album with Pronoize, was the first album by an industrial act to reach #1 on the Deutsche Alternative Charts.
In 2005, the song [PSI] reached #2 on the DAC. In 2008, the album In Den Zehn Morgen went to #1 on the DAC, staying there for 6 weeks. It included such club hits as habitat and keine ruhe vor dem sturm. In May 2008 "Hyperactive - The Best Of" was released exclusively to North America on the Denver-based Vendetta Music label.

## Discography
### Albums

* Stückgut (1999)
* Sünde (1999)
* Epos (1999)
* AntiArt (1999)
* Monolith (2000)
* Disinhibition (2000)
* Der Suizidberater (2000)
* Normalzustand: Angst (2001)
* Rhythm of fear (live in Jena) (2001)
* Xotox Is Remixed By L.o.D. (Re<attack)(2001)
* Silberfieber (2002)
* Indre Stilhed "the silent side of Xotox" (2002)
* Zu hart für's Sauerland (2003)
* Industrielle Zertrümmerung eines Schädels (2003)
* Lichtlos (2003)
* Die Unruhe (2004)
* [PSI] (2005)
* Dokumentation 1: Ton (2006)
* In den zehn Morgen (2008)
* We Are Deaf (2009)
* Die Unruhe 2.0 (2010)

### Singles

* Industrielle Zertrümmerung Eines Schädels (2002)
* Nothing (2003)
* Suicide/Exit

### Compilations

* Influx #1 (2001)
* Hyperactive: The Best Of (2008)
# Bulbophyllum nummularioides

Bulbophyllum nummularioides is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Allondaz

Allondaz is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It lies 4 km northwest of Albertville.
# Salvador Flamenco

Salvador Flamenco Cabezas (born 28 February 1947) is a retired footballer from El Salvador.

## Career
### Professional

Flamenco began his career playing for Quequeisque's youth system, being considered a promising young defender. He played in Primera and Segunda division for Quequeisque. Flamenco was soon signed to a long term professional contract by Adler in 1964. This would hinder as Adler refused to play abroad despite interest from Club America, Toluca and a few clubs from Argentina. Flamenco was eventually able to move to FAS in 1971 and he stayed there until 1973 when he moved to Platense under the tutelage of Jorge Tupinambá. He stayed there until Tupinambá was released, then followed Tupinambá to Firpo and Dragon. He retired from football in 1976.

## International career

Flamenco represented his country at the 1968 Summer Olympics and at the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico.

## Personal life

Flamenco's brother Jorge also was a professional footballer who played for ADLER.