OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bouquet graph

In mathematics, a bouquet graph $B_{m}$, for an integer parameter $m$, is an undirected graph with one vertex and $m$ edges, all of which are self-loops. It is the graph-theoretic analogue of the topological rose, a space of $m$ circles joined at a point. When the context of graph theory is clear, it can be called more simply a bouquet.
Although bouquets have a very simple structure as graphs, they are of some importance in topological graph theory because their graph embeddings can still be non-trivial. In particular, every cellularly embedded graph can be reduced to an embedded bouquet by a partial duality applied to the edges of any spanning tree of the graph, or alternatively by contracting the edges of any spanning tree.
In graph-theoretic approaches to group theory, every Cayley–Serre graph (a variant of Cayley graphs with doubled edges) can be represented as the covering graph of a bouquet.
# Gribiche

Gribiche may refer to:
* Sauce gribiche, cold condiment of egg and mustard
* Gribiche (film), 1926 silent feature directed by Jacques Feyder
* "Gribiche", 1937 short story by Colette
# Araeosoma coriacea

Araeosoma coriacea is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. coriacea was first scientifically described in 1879 by Alexander Emanuel Agassiz, an American scientist.
# Araeosoma coriaceum

Araeosoma coriaceum is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. coriaceum was first scientifically described in 1879 by Alexander Emanuel Agassiz, an American scientist.
# Parson's Cause

The "Parson's Cause" was a legal and political dispute in the British colony of Virginia often viewed as an important event leading up to the American Revolution. Colonel John Henry, father of Patrick Henry, was the judge who presided over the court case and jury that decided the issue. The relatively unknown Patrick Henry advocated in favor of colonial rights in the case.
In 1758, the House of Burgesses passed the Two Penny Act. According to legislation passed in 1748, Virginia's Anglican clergy were to be paid 16,000 pounds of tobacco per year, the colony's primary cash crop. Following a poor harvest in 1758, the price of tobacco rose from two to six pennies per pound, effectively inflating clerical salaries. The House of Burgesses responded by passing legislation allowing debts in tobacco to be paid in currency at a rate of two pennies per pound. King George III vetoed the law on the Board of Trade's recommendation, causing an uproar in the colony. Several Virginian politicians saw the king's veto as a breach of their legislative authority.
Anglican minister James Maury had sued in Hanover County Court on April 1, 1762 for back wages on behalf of all the ministers involved, and he effectively became a representative of the Crown's cause. The court ruled on November 5, 1763 that Maury's claim was valid, but that the amount of damages had to be determined by a jury, which was called for in December 1763. Patrick Henry, then relatively unknown, rose to prominence by defending Hanover County against Maury's claims. Henry argued in favor of the Two Penny Act. As Maury wrote on December 12, 1763 in a letter to fellow Anglican minister John Camm shortly after the trial, Henry argued "that a King, by disallowing Acts of this salutary nature, from being the father of his people, degenerated into a Tyrant and forfeits all right to his subjects' obedience."
The jury awarded Maury one penny in damages. The award essentially nullified the king's veto, and no other clergy sued. The Hanover County Courthouse is still operating; historic U.S. Route 301 passes by it. The courthouse is adjacent to the Hanover Tavern, where Patrick Henry lodged while arguing the Parson's Cause, and is the third oldest courthouse still in use in the United States. The state historic office dates the building's construction between 1737 and 1742.
# Part Two (Throbbing Gristle album)

Part Two (also known as Part Two: The Endless Not) is an album by English industrial band Throbbing Gristle, released in 2007 through record label Mute Records.

## Background

In a similar vein to the band's 1978 album D.o.A: The Third and Final Report, the album features four tracks each created by each individual member of the group. Bryin Dall was the co-writer and performer on the track by Genesis P-Orridge. The cover image is a picture of Mount Kailash taken by Martin Gray.

## Release

Part Two: The Endless Not was released in 2007 through record label Mute Records. Included with the first 4000 copies is one of four "totemic gifts", each made from one of the following materials: bone, wood, rubber and copper. A fifth stainless steel totem was made available in a Japanese edition of the CD. A sixth totemic gift is made of 23 carat gold. The gifts were handmade under the supervision of Peter Christopherson in Thailand.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 71/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Guardian | |
| Pitchfork | 8.5/10 |
| PopMatters | 8/10 |
| Stylus Magazine | B |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
| Uncut | |
Part Two: The Endless Not was generally well received by critics.
Pitchfork wrote, "The Endless Not features some of the subtlest songwriting of TG's career, playing that knot of tension for all its worth and all the more disturbing for how pensive and restrained it feels". PopMatters wrote that the album "sounds like a core of musicians who have rediscovered whatever spark it was that led them to create the entity that they are now so often defined by". Tiny Mix Tapes called the album "more of a rebirthing than a reunion".
On the other hand, AllMusic panned the album, calling it "ridiculous".

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Genesis P-Orridge; all music is composed by Throbbing Gristle (P-Orridge, Cosey Fanni Tutti, Peter Christopherson and Chris Carter), except as noted

## Personnel
### Throbbing Gristle

* Genesis P-Orridge – vocals, bass guitar, violin
* Cosey Fanni Tutti – lead guitar, cornet, samples
* Peter Christopherson – sleeve design and art direction, samples
* Chris Carter – production, audio mastering, programming, synthesizer

### Technical

* Martin Gray – album cover photograph
# Apericallia

Apericallia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. It was described by John Henry Leech in 1897 from seven species collected in western China in Moupin. The type species is Apericallia bilinearia.
# Apere River

The Apere River is a river of Bolivia. It is a tributary of the Mamoré River, in the Department of Beni.
# Parthenina meta

Parthenina meta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The thin, milk-white shell is very small, measuring 2.9 mm. It is turreted, with channeled sutures and an obtuse apex. The nuclear whorls are small, strongly obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl; only a portion of the last volution is visible. The six post-nuclear whorls overhang somewhat. They are rather high between the sutures, shouldered at the summit, flattened, suddenly contracted below the periphery. The summits of succeeding whorls fall considerably anterior to the periphery, which appears decidedly angular. The whorls are marked by strong axial ribs which extend undiminished over the angular periphery and the base of the body whorl to the umbilical region. Sixteen of these ribs occur upon the second, twenty-two upon the fourth and the penultimate whorl. The ribs are slightly constricted just below the summit, which gives them a beaded appearance. The intercostal spaces are about twice as wide as the ribs, crossed by two closely placed, raised spiral threads, the anterior one of which marks the angulation of the periphery. The junction of ribs and the spiral threads is subnodulose. The base of the shell is moderately long, narrowly umbilicate. The aperture is suboval. The posterior angle is obtuse. The outer lip is rather thick. The columella is strongly curved, with a prominent oblique fold near its insertion. The parietal wall is covered with a heavy callus, which gives the periostracum a completed aspect.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Japan.
# Apriona flavescens

Apriona flavescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
# Apriona germari

Apriona germari (also known as the mulberry longhorn beetle) is a species of beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae, found in India, through Southeast Asia, to southern China. It is mostly yellow in colour.
# Apotomis

Apotomis is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Apotomis afficticia Heinrich, 1926
* Apotomis albeolana (Zeller, 1875)
* Apotomis algidana Krogerus, 1945
* Apotomis apateticana (McDunnough, 1922)
* Apotomis basipunctana (Walsingham, 1900)
* Apotomis betuletana (Haworth, [1811])
* Apotomis biemina Kawabe, 1980
* Apotomis bifida (McDunnough, 1938)
* Apotomis brevicornutana (McDunnough, 1938)
* Apotomis capreana (Hubner, [1817])
* Apotomis coloradensis Adamski in Adamski & Peters, 1986
* Apotomis cuphostra (Butler, 1879)
* Apotomis davisi Kawabe, 1993
* Apotomis deceptana (Kearfott, 1905)
* Apotomis demissana (Kennel, 1901)
* Apotomis flavifasciana (Kawabe, 1976)
* Apotomis formalis (Meyrick, in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)
* Apotomis fraterculana Krogerus, 1945
* Apotomis frigidana (Packard, 1866)
* Apotomis funerea (Meyrick, 1920)
* Apotomis fuscomaculata Kawabe, 1993
* Apotomis geminata (Walsingham, 1900)
* Apotomis generosa (Meyrick, 1909)
* Apotomis infida (Heinrich, 1926)
* Apotomis inundana ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775)
* Apotomis jucundana Kawabe, 1984
* Apotomis kazarmana Falkovitsh, 1966
* Apotomis kusunokii Kawabe, 1993
* Apotomis lacteifacies (Walsingham, 1900)
* Apotomis lemniscatana (Kennel, 1901)
* Apotomis lineana ([Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775)
* Apotomis lutosana (Kennel, 1901)
* Apotomis moestana (Wocke, 1862)
* Apotomis monotona (Kuznetzov, 1962)
* Apotomis paludicolana (Brower, 1953)
* Apotomis platycremna (Meyrick, in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)
* Apotomis removana (Kearfott, 1907)
* Apotomis sauciana (Frolich, 1828)
* Apotomis semifasciana (Haworth, [1811])
* Apotomis sororculana (Zetterstedt, 1839)
* Apotomis spinulana (McDunnough, 1938)
* Apotomis spiraeana (Kuznetzov, in Danilevsky, Kuznetsov & Falkovitsh, 1962)
* Apotomis spurinfida Adamski in Adamski & Peters, 1986
* Apotomis stagnana Kuznetzov, 1962
* Apotomis tertiana (McDunnough, 1922)
* Apotomis trifida Adamski in Adamski & Peters, 1986
* Apotomis trigonias Diakonoff, 1973
* Apotomis turbidana Hubner, [1825]
* Apotomis vaccinii Kuznetzov, 1969
* Apotomis vigens Falkovitsh, 1966
# Apotomis afficticia

Apotomis afficticia is a species of moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. It can be identified from others in its genus by its forewing pattern and males can also be identified by their aedeagus being wider at the base.
# KREM New Years' Day Cycling Classic

The KREM New Year's Day Cycling Classic is a single day road cycling race held in Belize since 1991 on New Year's Day, January 1, and is thus the first race on Belize's cycling calendar. The race was restricted to elite and junior men until 2001, when females became eligible to ride. It is considered the second most prestigious race in Belize after the Holy Saturday Cross Country Cycling Classic.
The usual route is over the Northern Highway from Corozal District (at first Corozal Town, now the Santa Elena northern border) to Belize City, finishing at the corner of Central American Boulevard and Mahogany Street, approximately two blocks from the home of the race's sponsor, Kremandala Ltd., located on Partridge Street.

## Past winners

| Year | Winner (Male) | Winner (Female) |
| 2017 | Ron Vasquez | Alicia Thompson |
| 2016 | Joel Borland | Alicia Thompson |
| 2015 | Hector Hugo Rangel | Alicia Thompson |
| 2014 | Byron Pope | Shalini Zabaneh |
| 2013 | David Henderson, Jr. | Shalini Zabaneh |
| 2012 | Geovanni Choto | Kaya Cattouse |
| 2011 | Marco Salas Arias | Shalini Zabaneh |
| 2010 | Carlos Manuel Hernandez | Shalini Zabaneh |
| 2009 | Marlon Castillo | Lori Harkey |
| 2008 | Moe Herman Camacho | Shalini Zabaneh |
| 2007 | Shane Vasquez | Gina Lovell |
| 2006 | Scottie Weiss | Alicia Thompson |
| 2005 | Michael Lewis | Marinette Flowers |
| 2004 | Marlon Castillo | Fiona Humes Gonzalez |
| 2003 | Douglas Lamb | Fiona Humes Gonzalez |
| 2002 | Barney Brown | Ann Marie Bennett |
| 2001 | Miguel Perez Laparra | Karen Rosito |
| 2000 | Ariel Rosado |
| 1999 | Ernest Meighan |
| 1998 | Francisco Flores |
| 1997 | Ian Smith |
| 1996 | Nigel Matus |
| 1995 | Fred Usher |
| 1994 | Douglas Lamb |
| 1993 | Derrick Mahler |
| 1992 | Francisco Flores |
| 1991 | Michael Lewis |
# Apotolamprus

Apotolamprus is a genus of Scarabaeidae or scarab beetles in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea.
# Aquadynia

Aquadynia is a variant of aquagenic pruritus, and is characterized by a widespread burning pain that lasts 15 to 45 minutes after water exposure.$^{:56}$
# Borstel-Hohenraden

Borstel-Hohenraden is a municipality in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany The municipality Borstel-Hohenraden (about 2,250 inhabitants) with the districts Borstel and Hohenraden is located northeast of the county town Pinneberg. Through the town leads the national road no. 76, the Pinneberg Quickborn and the two highways Hamburg-Kiel and Hamburg Itzehoe interconnects.
The first mention of Borstel (Borstele) dates back to 1388. The first mention of the local part Hohenraden (Hohenrade) goes back to the year 1638th In 1988 the municipality of Borstel-Hohenraden celebrated the 600th anniversary (first mention 05.19.1388).
On the origin and meaning of the name: "Tho the Borstelde" in "Kerspell Rellinghen" clearly indicate our Borstel. Over the centuries, the name of Borstelde over Borstele, Borstell, Borsteler altered, Barstell to Borstel (the Urdorf). Originally, the name comes from the Old Saxon "bur" = home and "Stal" = location facility. The name can be found very often, not only in Schleswig-Holstein, but also in Hamburg and Lower Saxony. The name of the daughter of the village Hohenraden indicates a later scale of Borstelern cleared area. Yet 1688 is this place called "the Hohenrade" and only in the 19th century. Is the place name Hohenraden. Rade (Rode) means clearing, so the high-altitude clearance. It was also suggested that it was the settlement that was only with the "high wheel" available. Structurally, the municipality Borstel-Hohenraden has developed in recent years from a farming village into a residential community. The aim is to preserve the functions of housing and agriculture alike. The community is faced with the task of infrastructural measures to improve the quality of living for the people living in the municipality inhabitants constantly.
In the municipality of Borstel-Hohenraden following communal facilities are to be found: Primary school with a gymnasium for multipurpose use Sportstättenanlage'mit lawn and Grand Place and two beach volleyball courts kindergarten operated by the St. John Regional Association eV Hamburg playgrounds Following the sister station of diaconal nursing and care of the Lutheran. Parish in Kummerfeld Fire Department (Fire Station and Fire Brigade classroom building complex at the school at the Quickborner Straße) clubs and associations.
# Shah Nawaz Khan (judge)

Justice Shah Nawaz Khan, was a Mina Khel, Marwat, from Lakki Marwat District, Pakistan.
He remained the Chief Justice of North-West Frontier Province and later remained Judge Supreme Court of Pakistan from 5 April 1981 to 1 July 1982. He also remained acting Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (previously North West Frontier Province).
# April Gornik

    April Gornik Landscape on display at the Dayton Institute of Art in 2008.
April Gornik (born 1953, Cleveland, Ohio) is an American artist who paints American landscapes. Her realist yet dreamlike paintings and drawings embody oppositions and speak to America's historically conflicted relationship with nature. While she doesn't categorize herself as an environmental artist, she is a passionate supporter of environmental causes and has said, "I have no problem with people reading an ecological message into my work."

## Biography

Gornik received in 1976 her B.F.A. from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (now called NSCAD University), and while attending the school she met her future husband, painter Eric Fischl.
Art dealer Ed Thorp hosted her first solo exhibition in 1981, after having caught sight of her paintings while viewing Fischl's work. She is influenced by the feminist consciousness-raising of the late 20th century and, in speaking about female artists who have worked in the shadows of better known male artists, including Elaine de Kooning and Lee Krasner, she has said, "It's a problem. Women artists still receive lower prices for their art and remain less shown than their male counterparts."
In 2014, FigureGround Press published the monograph April Gornik: Drawings, an extensive look at charcoal drawings done since the mid 1980s. The book includes essays by Steve Martin and Archie Rand, an interview with Lawrence Weschler, and a digital download of a piano and cello composition by composer Bruce Wolosoff, played by Wolosoff and Sara Sant'Ambrogio of the Eroica Trio.
Gornik has remained committed to helping her community and making a difference, Gornik and her husband invested in 26 acres of land in which they donated in 2017 to the town of North Haven to preserve land. She also adds her funds to the Southampton Animal Shelter as well as being involved with the Eastville Historical Society.

### Collections

Various permanent art collections include Gornik's work, including: Smithsonian American Art Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met), the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Hood Museum of Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Nasher Museum of Art, The Museum of Fine Arts, and many others.
Two of her paintings, Virga (1992) and Storm and Fires (1990) are held in the Smithsonian American Art Museum collection. In 2007, the Smithsonian Art Collectors Program commissioned Gornik to produce a print to benefit the educational and cultural programs of the Smithsonian Associates. The lithograph, entitled Blue Moonlight hangs in the ongoing exhibition Graphic Eloquence in the S. Dillon Ripley Center in the National Mall, Washington, D.C.

### Awards

Gornik has received several awards: the Neuberger Museum of Art Annual Honoree (2004), the 18th annual Lifetime Achievement in the Arts Honoree (2003) by the Guild Hall of East Hampton, and the Award of Excellence for Artistic Contributions to the Fight Against AIDS from the American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR).
# Shah Nawaz Khan (Ghazni politician)

Shah Nawaz Khan came to serve to represent Ghazni Province in Afghanistan's Meshrano Jirga, the upper house of its National Legislature, in 2005. He is a member of the Pashtun ethnic group.
# KRTR

KRTR may refer to:
* KRTR-FM, a radio station (96.3 FM) licensed to serve Kailua, Hawaii, United States
* KPRP (AM), a defunct radio station (650 AM) formerly licensed to serve Honolulu, Hawaii, which held the call sign KRTR from 2005 to 2013
* KRTR (Wyoming), a defunct radio station (1490 AM) licensed to Thermopolis, Wyoming
# KIDL

KIDL may refer to:
* the former ICAO code for what is now John F. Kennedy International Airport (when it was known as "Idlewild Airport")
* the current ICAO code for Indianola Municipal Airport
# Archaeolithophyllum

Archaeolithophyllum is a genus of conceptacle-bearing red alga that falls in the coralline stem group. It somewhat resembles Lithophyllum.
As of today, Archaeolithophyllum is the only Palaeozoic coralline to bear clear conceptacles, although the earlier Graticula does bear reproductive structures.
It mineralized using aragonite. Its conceptacles are cone-shaped protrusions that extend outwards from the thallus surface and have a single central opening. It probably encrusted muddy or sandy surfaces.
# Gubbins

Gubbins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Beatrice Gubbins (1878–1944), Irish artist in watercolour
* Colin Gubbins KCMG, DSO, MC (1896–1976), prime mover of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the Second World War
* David Gubbins (born 1947), British former geophysicist
* Doris Gubbins (married name Dorothy Evans), Welsh international table tennis player
* George Gubbins (born 1935), retired Canadian jockey
* James Gubbins Fitzgerald (1852–1926), medical practitioner, Irish nationalist politician and UK Member of Parliament (MP)
* Joe Gubbins (born 2001), English footballer
* John Gaspard Gubbins (1877–1935), Africana collector and writer
* John Gubbins (1838–1906), Irish thoroughbred horse breeder, of Ard Patrick and Galtee More
* John Harington Gubbins (1852–1929), British linguist, consular official and diplomat
* Keith E. Gubbins (born 1937), British-born American chemical engineer
* Martin Gubbins (1812–1863), British official in India
* Nathaniel Gubbins (1893–1976), British journalist and humourist
* Nick Gubbins (born 1993), English cricketer
* Ralph Gubbins (1932–2011), English professional footballer
* Tommy Gubbins (1907–1976), Australian rules footballer
# Harold M. Westergaard

Harold Malcolm Westergaard (9 October 1888 in Copenhagen, Denmark – 22 June 1950 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States) was a Danish structural engineer. He was Professor of theoretical and applied mechanics at the University of Illinois in Urbana and of Civil Engineering at Harvard.

## Biography

Westergaard graduated in engineering from Copenhagen Danmarks Tekniske Højskole in 1911. He continued his practice in reinforced concrete in Hamburg, London, Göttingen, and prepared his written dissertation at Königlich Bayerische Technische Hochschule München in 1915. He obtained a PhD at the University of Illinois in Urbana in 1916 and was appointed lecturer there for theoretical and applied mechanics. In 1921 he became an assistant professor, associate professor in 1924, and full professor in 1927 at the University of Illinois. For his published paper on the theory of the reinforced concrete, together with W.A. Slater, he received the Wason Medal of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) in 1922.
Westergaard worked as technical expert to the Bureau of Reclamation on the design of Hoover Dam.
In 1936 professor Westergaard was appointed to the Gordon McKay professorship for structural engineering at Harvard University. Between 1937-1946 acted as dean of the Graduate School of Engineering.

## Main Publications

* On the resistance of ductile materials to combined stresses in two or three directions perpendicular to one another, (1920)
* Moment and stresses in slabs, (1921)
* Buckling of elastic structures, (1922)
* Anwendung der Statik auf die Ausgleichsrechnung, (1925)
* Stress in concrete pavements computed by theoretical analysis, (1926/1)
* Computation of stresses in concrete roads (1926/2)
* One hundred years advance in structural analysis, (1930/1)
* Computation of stresses in bridge slabs due to wheel loads (1930/2)
* Water pressures on dams during earthquakes, ASCE (1933)
* General solution of the problem of elastostatics in an n-dimensional homogeneous isotropic solid in an n-dimensional space, (1935)
* Bearing pressures and cracks, (1939)
* Theory of elasticity and plasticity, (1952)
# Completoria

Completoria is a fungal genus in the monotypic family Completoriaceae, of the order Entomophthorales. Completoria is itself monotypic, containing a single species, Completoria complens. The species is rare, known only from greenhouse cultures where it grows as an obligate intracellular parasite of fern gametophytes.
# WO virus

WO virus is bacteriophage virus that infects bacteria of the genus Wolbachia, which it is named after. This virus is notable for carrying DNA related to the black widow spider toxin gene, becoming an example of a bacteriophage with animal-like DNA, implying DNA transfers between eukaryotes and bacteriophages.