OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rail transport in Paraguay

The rail system in Paraguay consisted primarily of a 376 km main line of standard gauge between Asunción and Encarnación (with a connection to Posadas, Argentina). The infrastructure was administered by Ferrocarriles del Paraguay S.A. (FEPASA), corporation established in 2002. Early in the 21st century, rail transport mostly ceased. Seen from the air, the line Asuncion-Encarnacion will be broken up before 2020, and the long sections "trough" or over the water will have disappeared completely.

## Overview

Railroads in Paraguay used steam locomotives until the end of railroad service in 1999. In 1988, The New York Times published an article describing the journey from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Asunción, Paraguay.
As of 2006, all traffic had been suspended except weekly tourist steam trains between Jardín Botánico de Asunción (Asunción Botanical Gardens) and the city of Areguá (23 km) plus an additional 15 km section to the village of Ypacaraí under renovation and cross-border freight trains between Posadas in Argentina and Encarnación. As of 2007 steam 2-6-0s built between 1910 and 1914 still performed shunting duties. The former main station in Asunción has been converted into a railway museum.
As of 2010, following the collapse of an abutment of a bridge on the Rio Ytay, the tourist steam train traffic was suspended until repairs can be effected.
In early 2013, freight traffic was down to one train across the border every few weeks, with shunting mainly handled by Argentine diesels.
In 2018, the Ferrocarriles del Paraguay S.A. stated on their website that a reopening of a passenger service between Asunción and Yparacaí was in the planning phase.

### Link to Argentina

In 2010, the rising level of the Yacyretá Dam flooded the tracks on the Argentine side, which halted grain exports by rail from the Encarnacion goods terminal until a new track was completed, at a higher level, in June 2012.

## History

Railways in Paraguay were inaugurated in 1861, during the era of Carlos Antonio López. Privatized and renationalized several times, the railroad was finally nationalized in 1961. As of 1988, the 367 km rail system was outdated, wood-powered, slow and costly even with government subsidies. The volume of cargo carried on the railroad declined in the 1970s and 1980s as alternative roads and waterways became more efficient, though some agricultural goods did move by train. In Encarnación, the Paraguayan railroad system connected via train ferry, then since 1990 via the San Roque González de Santa Cruz bimodal road-rail bridge, with the Argentine city of Posadas, which is connected by Ferrocarril General Urquiza to Buenos Aires and the Uruguayan and Brazilian railroad systems. There also was a small "soybean railroad" near the Brazilian border.
The capital, Asunción, was served by a tramway network from 1871 until almost the end of the 20th century.
# Rajnagar

Rajnagar may refer to:

## Places
### Bangladesh

* Rajnagar Upazila, a subdivision in Maulvibazar District, Bangladesh

### India

* Rajnagar, Bihar, a town in Madhubani District, Bihar
** Rajnagar, Bihar Assembly constituency, the Bihar assembly constituency centered around the town
* Rajnagar, Chhatarpur, a town in Madhya Pradesh
** Rajnagar, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency, the Madhya Pradesh assembly constituency centered around the town
* Rajnagar, Birbhum, a town in West Bengal
** Rajnagar, Birbhum (Vidhan Sabha constituency), the defunct West Bengal constituency centered around the town
* Rajnagar (community development block), Birbhum district, West Bengal
* Rajnagar, Tripura Assembly constituency, an assembly constituency in Tripura state
* Rajnagar, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency, a defunct assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh
* Rajnagar, Bhiwandi, a village in Maharashtra
* Raj Nagar Extension, an area in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
* Rajnagar, Murshidabad, a village in West Bengal
* Rajnagar, Seraikela Kharsawan, a village in Jharkhand
# Rajnagar, Chhatarpur

Rajnagar is a town and nagar panchayat in Chhatarpur district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, it is 6 km from Khajuraho, 5 km from Khajwa town and 35 km from district headquarters, Chhatarpur.

## Geography

Rajnagar is located at 24°53′15″N 79°54′49″E﻿ / ﻿24.8874961°N 79.9135889°E﻿ / 24.8874961; 79.9135889. It has an average elevation of 273 metres (895 feet).

## Demographics

At the 2001 census, Rajnagar had a population of 12,442. Males constituted 53% of the population, and females 47%. In Rajnagar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.
In Census 2011, total population stood at 14,253.
Literacy rate of Rajnagar town was found to be 73.71%, higher than the state average of 69.32%. In Rajnagar, male literacy rate was around 79.93% while female literacy rate was 66.60% in 2011.

## Nearest town and cities

Chhatarpur, Khajuraho, khajwa, Panna, Mahoba, Nowgong are the nearby town and cities to Rajnagar.

## Schools

* Government school Rajnagar.
* Little Angel's Model High school rajnagar.
* Sarswati Sishu Mandir

## Hospital

* Rajnagar government Hospital.

## Transport
### Bus stop and bus stand

* Rajnagar bus stand
* Khajuraho bus stand
* Khajwa chauraha bus stop

### Train

* Rajnagar railway station
* Khajuraho railway station

### Airport

* Khajuraho Airport
# Steve McCaffery

Steven McCaffery (born January 24, 1947) is a Canadian poet and scholar who was a professor at York University. He currently holds the David Gray Chair at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. McCaffery was born in Sheffield, England and lived in the UK for most of his youth attending University of Hull.
He moved to Toronto in 1968. In 1970, he began to collaborate with fellow poets Rafael Barreto-Rivera, Paul Dutton, and bpNichol, forming the sound-poetry group, The Four Horsemen. Some of McCaffery's poetry attempts to break language from the logic of syntax and structure to create a purely emotional response. He has created three-dimensional structures of words and has released a number of sound and video works, often in collaboration with other poets.
# Stephen Webber (disambiguation)

Stephen Webber (born 1983) is an American politician in Missouri
Stephen Webber may also refer to:
* Steve Webber (1947–2022), American baseball pitching coach
* Stephen Webber (De Bortoli Wines) (born 1965), Australian co-manager of De Bortoli Wines

## Fictional Characters

* Steven Webber, fictional character since 1977 on the American daytime television drama General Hospital
# Rakai General Hospital

Rakai General Hospital, also known as Rakai District Hospital and Rakai Hospital, is a hospital in the Central Region of Uganda.

## Location

The hospital is located in the town of Rakai, in Rakai District, about 66 kilometres (41 mi) southwest of Masaka Regional Referral Hospital and about 122 kilometres (76 mi) southeast of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.

## Overview

Rakai General Hospital is a 100-bed government-owned hospital. Like most public hospitals in the country, it faces challenges of poor funding, under-staffing, poor pay and antiquated equipment.
# Catharina (ship)

The Catharina was a barque, built 1810 in Kiel, and weighing 350 tons.

## Voyages

* Hamburg to Port Adelaide, South Australia - 21 September 1838 to 20 January 1839
** On board were a group of Lutheran dissidents, 'Kavel's People', including Johann Friedrich Krummnow, which wanted to form a community in Australia. En route Krummnow taught the girls but was deemed "not completely satisfactory and the community did not allow him to teach in Australia".
* Port Adelaide, South Australia to Batavia - departed 27 February 1839
# Kupeć Dol

Kupeć Dol is a settlement in the Jastrebarsko administrative area of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 97 people.
# William Dowel

William Springthorpe Dowel (1837 – 25 November 1905) was an English-born Australian politician.
He was born at Hammersmith in Kent to stonemason David Dowel and Elizabeth Springthorpe. The family moved to New South Wales around 1841. Dowel was farming at Tamworth by 1860, and around 1863 he married Elizabeth Lloyd, with whom he had three children. In 1887 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Tamworth; a Protectionist, he served until his defeat in 1894. He then moved to Queensland, where he became a mining surveyor and unsuccessfully contested the state seat of Herberton. He died at Herberton in 1905.
# Ralph Raymond Loffmark

Ralph Raymond Loffmark (February 22, 1920 – July 7, 2012) was a lawyer, chartered accountant, educator and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Vancouver-Point Grey from 1963 to 1966 and Vancouver South from 1966 to 1972 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Social Credit member.

## Biography

He was born in Chase, British Columbia, the son of Raymond Victor Loffmark and Hazel M. Woodland, and was educated at the University of Toronto, the University of Pennsylvania and the University of British Columbia. Loffmark served in the Canadian Army during World War II. In 1961, he married Barbara Helen Grierson. He was a member of the Ontario bar and the British Columbia bar. He also was a professor at the University of British Columbia. Loffmark served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Industrial Development, Trade and Commerce and as Minister of Health Services and Hospital Insurance. He was defeated when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1972. After leaving politics, Loffmark returned to teaching at the University of British Columbia. He openly supported the provincial New Democrats during the 1979 election and complained after his pension as a former member of the assembly was cut later that same year.
# William Clerk (administrator)

William Clerk was the clerk to the Privy Chamber of Henry VIII of England. He was a clerk to the Privy Seal from 1542 to 1548 and had permission to use the dry stamp bearing the King's signature from September 1545.
# Catillaria flexuosa

Catillaria flexuosa is a species of crustose lichen in the family Catillariaceae. It is found in the south of the Netherlands, where it grows on the bark of roadside ash trees.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2021 by lichenologists Pieter van den Boom and Pablo Alvarado. The type specimen was collected south of the village of Zijtaart, where it was found growing on a medium-sized ash tree along the side of a road.

## Description

The newly described lichen is closely related to Catillaria chalybeia, the type species of genus Catillaria. Several morphological features of the thallus distinguish Catillaria flexuosa–it is dark green and relatively thick (up to 0.4 mm), continuous to weakly rimose, areolate, with knobby granules, and it can sometimes become somewhat squamulose. The apothecia of C. flexuosa are abundant on the thallus. They are typically flat with a small but conspicuous proper margin, and often have a flexuous form–bending in alternate directions. It is for this last feature that the species is given its specific epithet. No secondary chemicals were detected in the lichen using thin layer chromatography.

## Habitat and distribution

Catillaria flexuosa is a corticolous lichen, and grows on the bark of Fraxinus excelsior trees. Its limited geographical distribution includes five locations in the east of the province of Noord-Brabant.
# Rakan Al-Nisf

Rakan Yousif Humoud Al-Nisf (Arabic: راكان النصف) (born 1980) is a politician, who is an elected Member of Parliament of the Kuwait Parliament. Al-Nisf was first elected in the Kuwaiti General Election 2013, he won the third chair in the second constituency by 2,527 votes. Al-Nisf was also elected in the Kuwaiti General Election 2016 and he won the eighth chair in the second constituency by 1,888 votes.
Al-Nisf contributed in the following parliamentary committees:
* Committee of the Draft Answer to the Emiri Speech
* Financial and Economic Affairs Committee
* Public Facilities Committee
# Rakep Patel

Rakep Patel (born 12 July 1989) is a Kenyan international cricketer. A product of the Nairobi Gymkhana Club, he is a wicket-keeper–batsman who plays right-handed, and occasionally bowls off spin.

## Career

He made his lone performance for the Kenya Select team in their inaugural season, and found himself called up to the national squad for their tour of Europe, including a tour of the Netherlands and the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier.
In a 2013 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier match against Nepal, Patel scored 103 off 45 balls, batting at number 6. This equalled the record of Dawid Malan for the highest Twenty20 score from a player batting at that position but has since been bettered.
In January 2018, Patel was named as captain of Kenya's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. However, Kenya finished in sixth and last place in the tournament and were relegated to Division Three. As a result, Patel resigned as captain of the Kenyan team.
In September 2018, he was named in Kenya's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. The following month, he was named in Kenya's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Three tournament in Oman.
In May 2019, he was named in Kenya's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He was the leading run-scorer for Kenya in the Regional Finals, with 106 runs in three matches.
In September 2019, he was named in Kenya's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. In November 2019, he was named in Kenya's squad for the Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament in Oman. In October 2021, he was named in Kenya's squad for the Regional Final of the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Rwanda.
# Catheter lock solution

Catheter lock solution is a solution put into catheters to fill the catheter when not in use, primarily to prevent clotting. Neutrolin is an anti-microbial catheter lock solution developed by Cormedix/Cormedix GmbH. Neutrolin contains heparin and citrate (1000 U/mL and 3.5% respectively), two compounds commonly used to prevent thrombosis and maintain catheter patency. Other brand names include Citra-Lock and Taurolock.
Neutrolin also contains taurolidine, an anti-microbial agent that has been shown to be safe and effective in preventing bacterial colonization of catheters. No resistance to taurolidine has been observed to date.
To avoid the use of heparin in central venous catheters, citrate catheter locks were developed. Citrate solutions can be used as a catheter lock without any additives like antibiotic agents or antiseptic agents like taurolidine. Antibiotic catheter lock solutions could lead to antibiotic resistance and taurolidine has been associated with catheter-related clotting. Therefore it is necessary to mix taurolidine products with heparin to avoid catheter patency issues like thrombosis. Heparin is an anticoagulant, and if used as a catheter lock solution it could leak into the blood circulation of the patient. Therefore it has been associated with catheter-related bleeding and heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
Citrate catheter lock solutions are being used in three different concentrations – 4%, 30% and 46.7%. Citrate catheter lock solutions of 4% concentration have been recommended as best practice in a position statement of European Renal Best Practice guidelines, as published in 2010.
The concentrations of 30% citrate and 46.7% citrate used as catheter lock solution have been associated with lower rates of catheter related infection and a decrease of the use of thrombolytic agents like urokinase or tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA).
Taurolidine/heparin (Defencath) was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2023.
# William Bruère Otter

William Bruère Otter (28 May 1805 – 25 June 1876) was an Anglican cleric who was the Archdeacon of Lewes from 1855 until his death in 1876.

## Early life

Otter was born on 28 May 1805 as the eldest son of The Right Reverend William Otter, Bishop of Chicester and his wife, Nancy Sadleir (née Bruère) Otter. Among his siblings were Sophia Otter (wife of the Rev. Henry Malthus, a son of Thomas Robert Malthus), Caroline Charlotte Otter (wife of John Romilly, 1st Baron Romilly), Maria Otter (wife of Sir William Milbourne James, Lord Justice of Appeal), and Amelia Harriet Otter (wife of Edward Strutt, 1st Baron Belper).
He was educated at Rugby, Charterhouse and King's College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1828.

## Career

Otter was ordained in 1830, he was Vicar of Eyeworth from 1832 to 1836, Vicar of Kinlet from 1837 to 1847, Vicar of Cowfold from 1839 to 1876 and Prebendary of Chichester from 1850 to 1876.

## Personal life

Otter was married to Elizabeth Melvil (1814–1892). Together, they had four sons and six daughters, including:
* William Otter (1840–1870), a Lieutenant of the Royal Navy.
* Robert Melvil Barry Otter, later Otter-Barry (1845–1917), who married Isabel Louisa Wolryche-Whitmore (1847–1905).
He died at Cowfold on 25 June 1876.

### Descendants

Through his son Robert, he was the grandfather of Hugh Otter-Barry, Bishop of Mauritius from 1931 to 1959.
# Castelnuovo

Castelnuovo or Castel Nuovo (Italian for 'new castle/fortress') may refer to :

## Places and jurisdictions
### In Italy

Comuni (communes or municipalities):
* Castelnuovo, Trentino, Province of Trento
* Castelnuovo Belbo, Province of Asti
* Castelnuovo Berardenga, Province of Siena
* Castelnuovo Bocca d'Adda, Province of Lodi
* Castelnuovo Bormida, Province of Alessandria
* Castelnuovo Bozzente, Province of Como
* Castelnuovo Calcea, Province of Asti
* Castelnuovo Cilento, Province of Salerno
* Castelnuovo del Garda, Province of Verona
* Castelnuovo della Daunia, Province of Foggia
* Castelnuovo di Ceva, Province of Cuneo
* Castelnuovo di Conza, Province of Salerno
* Castelnuovo di Farfa, Province of Rieti
* Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, Province of Lucca
* Castelnuovo di Porto, Province of Rome
* Castelnuovo di Val di Cecina, Province of Pisa
* Castelnuovo Don Bosco, Province of Asti
* Castelnuovo Magra, Province of La Spezia
* Castelnuovo Nigra, Province of Turin
* Castelnuovo Parano, Province of Frosinone
* Castelnuovo Rangone, Province of Modena
* Castelnuovo Scrivia, Province of Alessandria
Frazioni (hamlets):
* Castelnuovo, part of Assisi, Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy
* Castelnuovo, part of Sassocorvaro Auditore, Province of Pesaro and Urbino
* Castelnuovo della Misericordia, part of Rosignano Marittimo, Province of Livorno
* Castelnuovo, part of Prato, Province of Prato
* Castelnuovo, part of Vergato, Province of Bologna
* Castelnuovo, part of Teolo, Province of Padova
* Castelnuovo dei Sabbioni, part of Cavriglia, Province of Arezzo
Other places and fortresses :
* Castelnuovo, Avezzano, medieval town forming part of the Comune of Avezzano, Province of L’Aquila, Abruzzo
* Castel Nuovo, a fortress in Naples
* Castello Nuovo, a former fortress in Brescia

### Elsewhere

* Castelnuovo d'Istria, Italian name of Podgrad, Ilirska Bistrica, Slovenia
* Castelnuovo di Cattaro, often simply Castelnuovo, former name of Herceg Novi, Montenegro
* Kaštel Novi, Dalmatia, Croatia; Castelnuovo in Italian

## Other uses

* Castelnuovo (surname)
* U.S. Castelnuovo Garfagnana, Italian football club
* Siege of Castelnuovo, 1539 battle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire
# Kyrö Skantz

Kyrö Skantz, or Kyrön skanssi (Finnish) or Kyrö skans (Swedish), was a fortress built for the Swedish army in the 17th century. The ruins of Kyrö Skantz are located in Karvia, Finland. It is obvious that there was a small military base at the same area in the late 16th century but there is only very little information available about it.
Major Göran Svinhufvud was ordered to build Kyrö Skantz in 1632 during the reign of King Gustaf II Adolph. The wooden fortress was built near the Kyrönkankaantie road, which was the main road between Southern Finland and Ostrobothnia for a long time. Major Svinhufvud was also named as the Commandant of Kyrö Skantz in 1635. The Kyrö Skantz fortress was active during the years 1635–1639 and 1656–1659. After the year 1659 Kyrö Skantz was left unmanned.
A tavern was established in Kyrö Skantz as early as 1640. The first tavern keeper was Yrjö Luukkanpoika (Jöran Lukasson) Kontti from Jämijärvi. During the Great Northern War the Kyrö Skantz tavern and the nearby buildings were destroyed by Russian troops in 1713. It took about ten years until the Kyrö Skantz tavern could operate again. The Kyrö Skantz tavern was active until the end of the 19th century.
King of Sweden Adolf Fredrik visited the Kyrö Skantz tavern when he travelled from Turku to Vaasa along the Kyrönkankaantie road in July 1752.
There are several folk tales about well-known copper gates of Kyrö Skantz that were sunk into River Karvianjoki before Russian troops arrived. None has found the copper gates since then.
The Kyrö Skantz fortress has given inspiration to the coat of arms of Karvia as well as the Cultural Center Skantz, which was established in 2019.
# WSFL

WSFL may refer to:
* Web Services Flow Language, an XML language proposed by IBM to describe the composition of Web services
* Western Sydney Freight Line, a proposed railway line in Sydney, Australia
* WSFL-TV, a television station (channel 27, virtual channel 39) licensed to Miami, Florida, United States
* WSFL-FM, a radio station (106.5 FM) licensed to New Bern, North Carolina, United States
* Western States Football League
* Windows Subsystem for Linux
* Women's Spring Football League
# Liam Tallon

Liam Tallon is a former rugby league centre. Tallon was an Ireland international and played at the 2000 Rugby League World Cup, replacing Gary Connolly who missed the call due to injury. Prior to being called up by Ireland, Tallon had been playing with the Brisbane Norths in Queensland.

## Background

Tallon was born in Australia.
# York Regiment

The York Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1936, the regiment was Amalgamated with The Carleton Light Infantry to form The Carleton and York Regiment.

## Lineage
### The York Regiment

* Originated on 10 September 1869, in Fredericton, New Brunswick, as The York Provisional Volunteer Battalion.
* Redesignated on 12 November 1869, as the 71st York Volunteer Battalion.
* Redesignated on 8 May 1900, as the 71st York Regiment.
* Redesignated on 15 March 1920, as The York Regiment.
* Amalgamated on 15 December 1936, with The Carleton Light Infantry and Redesignated as The Carleton and York Regiment.

## Perpetuations

* 12th Battalion, CEF
* 140th Battalion (St. John's Tigers), CEF

## History
### The Great War

On 6 August 1914, Details of the 71st York Regiment were placed on active service for local protective duty.
On 10 August 1914, the 12th Battalion, CEF was authorized for service and on 30 September 1914, the battalion embarked for Great Britain. On 29 April 1915, the battalion was Redesignated as 12th Reserve Infantry Battalion, CEF and tasked to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. On 30 August 1920, the 12th Battalion, CEF was disbanded.
On 22 December 1915, the 140th Battalion (St. John's Tigers), CEF was authorized for service and on 25 September 1916, the battalion embarked for Great Britain. On 2 November 1916, the battalion's personnel were absorbed by the depots of The Royal Canadian Regiment and the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. On 27 July 1918, the 140th Battalion, CEF was disbanded.

## Alliances

United Kingdom - The East Yorkshire Regiment (The Duke of York's Own) (Until 1936)

## Battle honours
### South African War

* South Africa, 1900

### The Great War

* Ypres, 1915, '17
* Festubert, 1915
* Mount Sorrel
* Somme, 1916
* Arras, 1917, '18
* Hill 70
* Amiens
* Hindenburg Line
* Pursuit to Mons
# Iproca pedongensis

Iproca pedongensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1969.