# Timeline of Chiang Kai-shek

This is a timeline of Chiang Kai-shek's (Jiang Jieshi) life.

## 1880s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1887 | 31 October | Jiang Jieshi is born to Jiang Suan and Wang Caiyu in Xikou |
| 1889 | | Jiang Jieshi's family moves to a two-story merchant's house a hundred feet or so down Wu Ling Street |

## 1890s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1896 | | Jiang Jieshi's father Jiang Suan dies and he inherits the house, bamboo grove, and rice paddies |

## 1900s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1901 | winter | Jiang Jieshi marries Mao Fumei |
| 1903 | | Jiang Jieshi takes the new civil service examination and fails, so he enters the Phoenix Mountain Academy, a small Confucian school in Fenghua |
| 1903 | February | Jiang Jieshi transfers to the Golden Arrow Academy in Ningbo |
| 1906 | February | Jiang Jieshi transfers to the Dragon River School in Fenghua |
| 1906 | | Jiang Jieshi cuts off his Manchu queue |
| 1906 | | Jiang Jieshi spends several months in Tokyo learning Japanese |
| 1906 | | Jiang Jieshi enters the Baoding Military Academy |
| 1907 | | Jiang Jieshi enters the Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, a school set up for Chinese students wishing to attend a Japanese military academy |
| 1909 | November | Jiang Jieshi graduates from the Tokyo Shinbu Gakko and enters the 19th Field Artillery Regiment at Takada |

## 1910s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1910 | 27 April | Mao Fumei delivers Jiang Jingguo |
| 1911 | 10 October | Wuchang Uprising: The New Army rebels in Wuchang and Jiang Jieshi leaves for Shanghai |
| 1911 | | Jiang Jieshi is put in charge of a "dare to die" contingent cjkxke up of Fenghua fishermen reinforced by Green Gang and Red Gang members |
| 1911 | 4 November | Jiang Jieshi's men take part in the New Army's seizure of key public buildings in Hangzhou |
| 1912 | 6 January | Sun Zhongshan is inaugurated as provisional President of China by the National Assembly in Nanjing |
| 1912 | 12 January | Jiang Jieshi may or may not have assassinated Tao Chengzhang, head of the Guangfuhui, and rival of Chen Qimei for the governorship of Zhejiang |
| 1912 | 12 March | Sun Zhongshan resigns and Yuan Shikai becomes president, however he only controls half of the old Manchu Army |
| 1912 | 25 August | The Tongmenghui and four other parties form the Nationalist Party, also known as the Kuomintang (KMT), with Song Jiaoren as its leader |
| 1913 | March | The KMT wins control of the National Assembly |
| 1913 | 22 March | Song Jiaoren is assassinated |
| 1913 | August | Jiang Jieshi and Chen Qimei flee to Japan and Sun Zhongshan goes to Yokohama |
| 1913 | December | Jiang Jieshi meets Sun Zhongshan for the first time |
| 1914 | spring | Sun Zhongshan sends Jiang Jieshi to Shanghai to pull together the revolutionary underground but he fails and returns to Japan |
| 1914 | | Sun Zhongshan sends Jiang Jieshi to recruit warlords in Manchuria but he fails and returns to Japan |
| 1915 | 18 January | The Twenty-One Demands are handed to Yuan Shikai and a revised "Thirteen Demands" are eventually agreed upon |
| 1915 | | Jiang Jieshi and Chen Qimei return to Shanghai |
| 1915 | 10 November | The defense commissioner in Chinese Shanghai, Zheng Ruzheng, is assassinated on the orders of Jiang and Chen |
| 1915 | | An attack on the police headquarters by Jiang Jieshi's "dare to die" teams fails and he falls ill |
| 1916 | February | Jiang Jieshi and Chen Qimei try to rebuild the Chinese Revolutionary Army in Shanghai |
| 1916 | 18 May | Chen Qimei is assassinated |
| 1916 | 6 June | Yuan Shikai dies and Sun Zhongshan returns to Shanghai |
| 1918 | | The KMT flees to Guangzhou and launches the Constitutional Protection Movement with the support of Chen Jiongming and warlords in Guangdong and Yunnan |
| 1918 | March | Jiang Jieshi joins Chen Jiongming's army as senior operations officer for an attack on the warlord of Fujian |
| 1918 | | Sun Zhongshan goes into exile in Shanghai due to warlord demand for more authority |
| 1918 | July | Jiang Jieshi takes a key town in Fujian |
| 1919 | May | Jiang Jieshi returns to Shanghai |
| 1919 | 4 May | May Fourth Movement: Mass demonstrations spread all over China in response to the Treaty of Versailles |
| 1919 | | Jiang Jieshi adopts Jiang Weiguo, son of Dai Jitao |
| 1919 | | Moscow announces that it will relinquish special rights in Manchuria and cancel all the "unequal" tsarist treaties with China |

## 1920s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1920 | spring | Jiang Jieshi contracts typhoid |
| 1920 | 30 September | Sun Zhongshan appoints Jiang Jieshi as chief of staff of the Second Guangdong Army |
| 1920 | October | Guangdong–Guangxi War: Chen Jiongming and the Second Guangdong Army enter Guangzhou |
| 1920 | 12 November | Jiang Jieshi returns to Shanghai to brief Sun Zhongshan and then leaves for Zhejiang |
| 1921 | April | Guangdong–Guangxi War: A Beiyang government backed Old Guangxi Clique army attacks Guangdong but is defeated by Xu Chongzhi and the KMT occupy Guangxi |
| 1921 | 4 May | Sun Zhongshan becomes president again |
| 1921 | 10 May | Jiang Jieshi arrives in Guangzhou |
| 1921 | 4 June | Jiang Jieshi's mother dies |
| 1922 | | Chen Jiongming attacks the KMT and Sun Zhongshan escapes to Pazhou |
| 1922 | 29 June | Jiang Jieshi joins Sun Zhongshan at Pazhou |
| 1922 | 9 August | Jiang and Sun leave for Xianggang and Shanghai |
| 1923 | | Sun Zhongshan returns to Guangzhou and appoints Jiang Jieshi as Xu Chongzhi's chief of staff |
| 1923 | August | Jiang Jieshi leaves for the Soviet Union |
| 1923 | 15 December | Jiang Jieshi returns to Shanghai |
| 1924 | 12 January | Jiang Jieshi returns to Guangzhou |
| 1924 | June | Sun Zhongshan and Jiang Jieshi preside over the opening of the Huangpu Military Academy |
| 1925 | 12 March | Sun Zhongshan dies |
| 1925 | 30 May | May Thirtieth Movement: The Shanghai Municipal Police fire on striking workers, causing widespread anti-foreign demonstrations and riots |
| 1925 | 23 June | Canton–Hong Kong strike: Huangpu Military Academy cadets are among those killed by British troops firing on anti-imperialist protesters |
| 1925 | 1 July | The Nationalist government is formed in Guangzhou with Wang Jingwei as chairman of the new ruling political council |
| 1925 | | The National Revolutionary Army is formed |
| 1925 | 20 August | Liao Zhongkai is assassinated and Jiang Jieshi enters the KMT's top triumvirate consisting of himself, Wang Jingwei, and Xu Chongzhi |
| 1925 | 20 September | Xu Chongzhi is forced to leave for Shanghai due to charges of corruption |
| 1925 | October | Jiang Jingguo is approved for study at the University of the Toilers of the East in Moscow |
| 1925 | October | Chen Jiongming is defeated |
| 1925 | November | Disaffected KMT veterans including Dai Jitao vote to expel the communists from the party |
| 1926 | January | Jiang Jieshi is voted onto the Central Executive Committee |
| 1926 | 18 March | Jiang Jieshi is alerted to a plot by the Chinese Communist Party Central Executive Committee and the Russians to oust him |
| 1926 | 20 March | Canton Coup: Jiang Jieshi places Guangzhou under martial law and arrests 50 communists |
| 1926 | | Wang Jingwei is ousted and leaves for France |
| 1926 | June | Tang Shengzhi defects to the KMT |
| 1926 | 9 July | Jiang Jieshi becomes Supreme Commander |
| 1926 | 11 July | Northern Expedition: The NRA takes Changsha |
| 1926 | October | Northern Expedition: The NRA defeats warlord forces in Hubei and occupy Wuhan |
| 1926 | 18 December | Northern Expedition: He Yingqin's First Corps capture Fujian and move into Zhejiang |
| 1926 | | Northern Expedition: Jiang Jieshi gains control of China from Guangxi in the south, to Sichuan in the west, to the Changjiang at Wuhan in the north, and northern Fujian in the east |
| 1927 | 1 March | The Wuhan Central Executive Committee places Jiang Jieshi under a new military council and issues a secret order for his arrest |
| 1927 | 22 March | Northern Expedition: Bai Chongxi's forces enter Shanghai |
| 1927 | 23 March | Northern Expedition: Zheng Qian's forces enter Nanjing |
| 1927 | 24 March | Northern Expedition: Jiang Jieshi reaches Nanjing |
| 1927 | 26 March | Jiang Jieshi returns to Shanghai |
| 1927 | 6 April | Wang Jingwei arrives in Shanghai and refuses leadership of the KMT, leaving for Wuhan |
| 1927 | 6 April | Jiang Jieshi institutes martial law and leaves for Nanjing |
| 1927 | 6 April | Joseph Stalin declares that KMT is of no more use and that Jiang Jieshi should be eliminated |
| 1927 | 12 April | Shanghai massacre: Communists are killed or arrested in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Guilin, Ningbo, and Xiamen |
| 1927 | 19 June | Feng Yuxiang joins the KMT |
| 1927 | 24 July | Northern Expedition: Sun Chuanfang defeats NRA forces and takes Xuzhou |
| 1927 | 12 August | Jiang Jieshi resigns and leaves for Shanghai |
| 1927 | 16 August | NRA forces retake Xuzhou and Sun Chuanfang flees across the Yellow River |
| 1927 | 1 December | Jiang Jieshi marries Song Meiling in Shanghai |
| 1928 | | Jiang Jieshi returns to power and Wang Jingwei resigns, leaving for France |
| 1928 | 2 May | Jinan incident: The Japanese army bomb Jinan, killing hundreds |
| 1928 | 5 May | Jinan incident: The Japanese arrest Nanjing's representative Cai Gongshi, cut out his tongue, gouge out his eyes, and then shoot him as well as ten of his staff members |
| 1928 | 11 May | Jinan incident: The Japanese army attacks the NRA, killing 11,000 soldiers and civilians in Jinan |
| 1928 | 4 June | Huanggutun incident: Zhang Zuolin's train is bombed and he dies a few days later |
| 1928 | 19 June | Northern Expedition: Zhang Zuolin's son, Zhang Xueliang, cables Jiang Jieshi expressing his loyalty to the Chinese nation |
| 1928 | 10 October | Jiang Jieshi becomes the director of the State Council, in effect the president |
| 1928 | 29 December | Chinese reunification (1928): Zhang Xueliang replaces the flags of the Beiyang government with the flag of the Republic of China |
| 1929 | 28 March | Jinan incident: The Japanese army withdraws from Shandong |
| 1929 | April | Sino-Soviet conflict (1929): Zhang Xueliang seizes the Soviet consulate in Harbin |
| 1929 | July | Sino-Soviet conflict (1929): Zhang Xueliang seizes the Chinese Eastern Railway |
| 1929 | 12 October | Sino-Soviet conflict (1929): Soviet troops defeat Zhang Xueliang's forces |
| 1929 | December | Sino-Soviet conflict (1929): Soviet rights to the Chinese Eastern Railway is restored |

## 1930s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1930 | June | Central Plains War: Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, Feng Yuxiang, Zhang Fakui, and Yan Xishan form an anti-Jiang coalition |
| 1930 | autumn | Encirclement Campaigns: NRA troops fail to defeat communist forces in the Jinggang Mountains |
| 1930 | November | Central Plains War: The anti-Jiang coalition is defeated |
| 1931 | April | Encirclement Campaigns: He Yingqin's forces fail to suppress communist forces in Jiangxi |
| 1931 | | Wang Jingwei sets up an anti-Jiang government in Guangzhou |
| 1931 | 1 July | Encirclement Campaigns: The NRA defeat the Chinese Red Army |
| 1931 | 18 September | Mukden Incident: The Kwantung Army sets off an explosion on a rail line outside Shenyang and fires artillery into a nearby Chinese garrison before occupying the city |
| 1931 | | Japanese invasion of Manchuria: Japan invades Manchuria |
| 1931 | 15 December | Jiang resigns |
| 1932 | January | Jiang meets with Wang Jingwei and returns as the KMT's military leader while Wang becomes head of government |
| 1932 | 28 January | January 28 Incident: Japan invades Shanghai and forces Chinese troops to withdraw |
| 1932 | March | Jiang resumes his position as chairman of the Military Council and chief of the General Staff |
| 1932 | April | Encirclement Campaigns: NRA troops force Zhang Guotao to flee to Sichuan |
| 1933 | 1 January | Defense of the Great Wall: Japan occupies Shanhai Pass |
| 1933 | 1 March | Battle of Rehe: Japan takes Rehe |
| 1933 | May | Encirclement Campaigns: NRA forces start blockading communist areas |
| 1933 | 31 May | Tanggu Truce: The Republic of China agrees to a local armistice declaring the northern part of Hebei a demilitarized zone, essentially ceding it to Japan |
| 1934 | 16 October | Long March: The Chinese Red Army escapes from Jiangxi |
| 1935 | January | Long March: The Chinese Red Army reaches Zunyi and joines Zhang Guotao's army; Mao Zedong is elected the CCP's senior military as well as political authority |
| 1935 | September | Jiang announces that China will never surrender its sovereignty or Manchuria |
| 1935 | October | Long March: The Chinese Red Army arrive at Baoan |
| 1935 | November | Wang Jingwei is wounded in an assassination attempt and Jiang takes over as president of the Executive Yuan |
| 1935 | | NRA forces retreat from Chahar |
| 1936 | February | Zhang Xueliang meets with CCP representatives in Xi'an to discuss the formation of an anti-Japan anti-Jiang government |
| 1936 | 6 April | Zhang Xueliang meets with Zhou Enlai |
| 1936 | May | Zhou Enlai meets with ROC representatives to discuss a united front |
| 1936 | 31 October | Jiang celebrates his birthday in Luoyang |
| 1936 | 12 December | Xi'an Incident: Zhang Xueliang kidnaps Jiang |
| 1936 | 26 December | Xi'an Incident: Jiang offers some verbal concessions and is released |
| 1937 | 19 April | Jiang Jingguo arrives in Shanghai |
| 1937 | 7 July | Marco Polo Bridge Incident: Japanese troops performing maneuvers around Beijing receive fire from the NRA and de-escalation fails, ending in Japanese shelling of Chinese troops |
| 1937 | 12 July | Battle of Beiping–Tianjin: Japanese troops arrive in Tianjin |
| 1937 | 22 July | Battle of Beiping–Tianjin: The Japanese order Chinese forces to withdraw from the area, but they attack instead |
| 1937 | 7 August | Jiang convenes the Military Council and declares all-out resistance as the national policy |
| 1937 | 13 August | Battle of Shanghai: The NRA attempts to drive Japanese forces from Shanghai but fail |
| 1937 | 5 November | Battle of Shanghai: Japanese forces land on the beaches of Hangzhou Bay and advance toward Suzhou River |
| 1937 | 8 November | Battle of Shanghai: Jiang gives the orders to withdraw |
| 1937 | 7 December | Battle of Nanjing: Jiang and Song Meiling leave Nanjing for Lushan |
| 1937 | 12 December | Battle of Nanjing: Tang Shengzhi gives the order to break out of Japanese encirclement |
| 1938 | 24 March | Battle of Taierzhuang: Japanese forces fall into an ambush at a railway spur line at Taierzhuang |
| 1938 | 5 June | 1938 Yellow River flood: Soldiers blow open the dikes on the south banks of the Yellow River, flooding Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu |
| 1938 | 24 October | Battle of Wuhan: Jiang gives the order to withdraw from Wuhan |
| 1938 | November | Jiang arrives in Chongqing |
| 1938 | | The Burma Road is constructed by 200,000 laborers and engineers |
| 1939 | 27 September | Battle of Changsha (1939): A Japanese attack on Changsha is defeated and withdraws with heavy casualties |
| 1939 | winter | 1939–40 Winter Offensive: NRA forces attack Japanese positions but ultimately end in operational failure |

## 1940s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1940 | January | Wang Jingwei defects to the Japanese and sets up the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China in Nanjing |
| 1940 | August | Hundred Regiments Offensive: The Eighth Route Army attacks Japanese occupied areas in Shanxi and Hebei |
| 1940 | December | Hundred Regiments Offensive: The communist offensive is reversed and Japanese retaliation reduces the population of communist base areas by 19 million |
| 1941 | 7 January | New Fourth Army incident: The New Fourth Army moves south into ROC territory and clash with NRA forces |
| 1941 | 30 January | Battle of South Henan: NRA and Japanese forces clash in South Henan |
| 1941 | 8 December | Attack on Pearl Harbor: Jiang receives news of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor |
| 1941 | 24 December | Battle of Changsha (1942): Japanese forces attack Changsha |
| 1942 | 15 January | Battle of Changsha (1942): Japanese forces withdraw from Changsha and suffer heavy losses from a Chinese encirclement maneuver |
| 1942 | 18 February | Jiang meets Gandhi outside Kolkata |
| 1942 | 27 February | Jiang visits Lashio |
| 1942 | 19 March | Battle of Toungoo: Japanese forces attack NRA troops at Toungoo |
| 1942 | 30 March | Battle of Toungoo: NRA troops withdraw |
| 1942 | 18 April | Doolittle Raid: American bombers crash land in China |
| 1942 | 19 April | Battle of Yenangyaung: NRA forces assist British troops from escaping a Japanese encirclement |
| 1942 | 20 April | Battle of Yenangyaung: Japanese forces destroy the Sixth Army's Temporary 55th Division |
| 1942 | 29 April | The Japanese seize Lashio |
| 1942 | April | Battle of West Hubei: Japanese forces enter Hubei and Hunan to loot and collect supplies |
| 1942 | 5 May | Joseph Stilwell abandons his soldiers and escapes to India |
| 1942 | 15 May | Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign: Japanese forces devastate Zhejiang and Jiangxi in reprisal for the Doolittle Raid, killing hundreds of thousands |
| 1942 | 2 June | Joseph Stilwell flies back to Chongqing |
| 1942 | 10 October | Jiang announces that Washington and London have agreed to drop "extraterritoriality" |
| 1943 | 2 November | Battle of Changde: Japanese forces capture Changde |
| 1943 | 21 November | Cairo Conference: Jiang arrives in Cairo |
| 1943 | 1 December | The Cairo Declaration is formally announced, promising to return all territories Japan had stolen from China |
| 1943 | 20 December | Battle of Changde: Japanese forces are forced to withdraw from Changde |
| 1944 | 19 April | Operation Ichigo: Japanese forces begin their largest land operation and cross the Yellow River into Henan |
| 1944 | 25 May | Battle of Central Henan: Jiang gives the orders to withdraw |
| 1944 | 26 June | Battle of Changsha (1944): Zhang Deneng gives the orders to abandon Changsha |
| 1944 | 22 June | Defense of Hengyang: Japanese forces lay siege to Hengyang |
| 1944 | 3 August | Siege of Myitkyina: Allied forces take Myitkyina |
| 1944 | 8 August | Defense of Hengyang: Japanese forces take Hengyang |
| 1944 | 24 November | Battle of Guilin–Liuzhou: Japanese forces take Guilin and Liuzhou |
| 1945 | 9 April | Battle of West Hunan: Japanese forces advance into western Hunan |
| 1945 | 7 June | Battle of West Hunan: Japanese forces are routed |
| 1945 | 15 August | Victory over Japan Day: Jiang Jieshi receives news of Japan's surrender and he broadcasts a victory speech throughout all of China |
| 1945 | 29 August | Chongqing Negotiations: Mao and Jiang start negotiations |
| 1945 | 16 December | Jiang visits Beijing |
| 1946 | 13 January | Jiang and Mao agree to cease-fire following the convening of the Political Consultative Assembly |

## 1970s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1975 | 5 April | Jiang Jieshi dies |