OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samuel Silverman

Samuel Joshua Silverman (25 September 1908 – 6 March 2001) was a three time New York State Supreme Court Justice and career litigator who was involved in several high-profile cases

## Background and early career

Born in Odesa, Ukraine (part of Russia at the time), his parents immigrated to New York City while he was still a toddler. Silverman graduated from with distinction from Columbia College in 1928, and earned his law degree from Columbia Law School in 1930. Soon he became an assistant corporation counsel for New York City's government. Shortly thereafter he became a partner at a firm that would become Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison.
During his tenure Silverman represented Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, the nuclear physicist, at a 1954 loyalty hearing conducted by a panel of the Atomic Energy Commission. Later, Silverman represented Otto Frank, the father of Anne Frank, in a lawsuit over a proposed stage adaptation of the famous Diary of Anne Frank.

## Later career

A Democrat, Silverman was elected to state supreme court in 1962. He served there for four years before in 1966 becoming involved in a highly-public campaign with then-Senator Robert F. Kennedy, egged on by Liberal Party leader Alex Rose, to end patronage corruption in New York's Surrogate Court. Specifically, members of the Democratic and Republican parties were cross endorsing each other's candidates for the court in order to promote individuals who would skim commission from inheritance cases and introduce some of these funds back into the political machine. ("Don't die in the city of New York, don't die--if you want to leave anything to your wife and children," Kennedy exhorted.) Silverman won in a landslide, but his efforts at reform were hindered. In a 1967 constitutional convention Silverman's core proposal to abolish the surrogate court and reassign its jurisdiction to a rotation group of state supreme court justices was defeated. Silverman retired in 1971 from the surrogate court and returned to the state supreme court, frustrated by boredom, and reform failures, particularly frustrated with his hard-line senior colleague S. Samuel DiFalco (who was indicted for corruption charges in 1978, but died before the trial). Silverman was promoted to the Appellate Division in 1976. He remained at the state supreme court until he retired in 1984, when he returned as senior counsel for Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison.
Silverman died at aged 92 at the Weill Cornell Medical Center of New York-Presbyterian Hospital.

## Sources

* New York Times Obituaries, March 11, 2001
* A Campaign to Remember
* The Making of the Surrogate, July 8, 1966
* Robert Kennedy and His Times by Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
# John Halangode

Brigadier John Fredrick Halangode, VSV was a Sri Lankan army officer. He founded of the Gemunu Watch, having served as the first commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, Gemunu Watch.
Educated at Trinity College, Kandy, Halangode joined the Ceylon Defence Force and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Ceylon Light Infantry in 1941 during World War II. He joined the Ceylon Police Force at the end of the war when he was demobilised. Following the formation of the Ceylon Army in 1949, he was commissioned as a regular officer with the rank of captain. He was then posted as a company commander in the 1st Battalion, Ceylon Light Infantry. Having attended training courses in the United Kingdom and Pakistan, he was posted as the first Officer Commanding, Army Recruit Training Depot in Diyatalawa. When the depot was expanded into the Army Training Centre, Diyatalawa he became the Second in Command and then its Commanding Officer. Following the 1962 Ceylonese coup d'état attempt, the government decided to form the third infantry regiment and Lieutenant Colonel Halangode was selected to as its first Commanding Officer. The Gemunu Watch was formed in December 1962, with Halangode as commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, was instrumental in forming and expanding the new regiment establish its own traditions and identity. Later, two volunteer battalions were also formed in 1964 and 1965. Prior to his retirement, he served as Commander Troops, Colombo.
His son was Brigadier Hiran Halangode, RWP, RSP, USP who served as Brigade Commander of the 12th Brigade and Air Mobile Brigade.
# Beriah Moore

John Frederic Beriah Moore (25 December 1919 – 2005) was a Welsh professional footballer. A winger, he played for Cardiff City F.C. and scored the only goal for Cardiff in a friendly against Moscow Dynamo in 1945 (final score 10–1). In 1950 he joined Newport County from Bangor City F.C. and went on to make 121 appearances for the club, scoring 45 goals. In 1953 he rejoined Bangor City. In later life he became a director of Bangor and died in his eighties (precise date unknown).
# Berkeley, Albemarle County, Virginia

Berkeley is an unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia.
# Betsy Norden

Betsy Norden (born October 17, 1945) is an American soprano who appeared with the Metropolitan Opera over 500 times.
Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, she studied at Boston University, and began her career in musical comedy. Norden joined the Met chorus in 1969, and sang her first solo role there on January 27, 1972, as the Peasant Girl in Le nozze di Figaro, opposite Cesare Siepi in the name part, with Karl Böhm conducting. The lyric soprano went on to sing thirty-nine different roles at the Met, including Despina in Cosi fan tutte, Zerlina in Don Giovanni, Oscar in Un ballo in maschera, Musetta in La bohème, Liu in Turandot, Sophie in Werther, Gretel in Hänsel und Gretel, and Constance in Dialogues des Carmélites, as well as numerous secondary roles.
On December 27, 1975, she sang four different roles on the same day (possibly a Met record) during the matinee and evening performances of Hänsel und Gretel and Il trittico.
Norden was seen in several of the Met's telecasts, including Don Carlos (conducted by James Levine), Lulu (directed by John Dexter), Il trittico (with Renata Scotto), Rigoletto, Hänsel und Gretel, Don Carlos again (with Plácido Domingo and Mirella Freni), and Dialogues des Carmélites (as Sister Constance of St Dénis, possibly her most successful role).
Her final appearances at the Metropolitan were in the 1992 world-premiere production of The Ghosts of Versailles (with Teresa Stratas and Marilyn Horne), the televised performance of which was her last Met appearance.
Norden has also appeared with various American opera companies, including those of Philadelphia and San Francisco. She has appeared as concert soloist with various ensembles including the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, the Minnesota Orchestra, the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra, Mostly Mozart Festival Orchestra, and the New York Chorale Society.
In 1977, she recorded Arthur Shepherd's Triptych, for High Voice and String Quartet with the Emerson String Quartet for New World Records. In 1987, she recorded an album of "Cantatas & Arias," with trumpeter Bob Haley, for Crystal Records.
Norden married Bob Haley on December 10, 1972, and has two sons.

## Videography

* Verdi: Don Carlos [as Thibault] (Scotto, Troyanos, Moldoveanu, Milnes, Plishka, Hines; Levine, Dexter, 1980) [live]
* Berg: Lulu [as the Girl] (Migenes, Lear, Riegel, Mazura; Levine, Dexter, 1980) [live]
* Puccini: Il trittico [as Sister Genovieffa & Nella] (Scotto; Levine, Melano, 1981) [live]
* Verdi: Rigoletto [as the Contessa di Ceprano] (Éda-Pierre, Pavarotti, L.Quilico; Levine, Dexter, 1981) [live]
* Humperdinck: Hänsel und Gretel [as the Dew Fairy] (Blegen, von Stade, Devlin; Fulton, Merrill/Donnell, 1982) [live]
* Verdi: Don Carlos [as Thibault] (Freni, Bumbry, Domingo, L.Quilico; Levine, Dexter, 1983) [live]
* Corigliano: The Ghosts of Versailles (Stratas, Horne, Hagegård, G.Quilico; Levine, Graham, 1992) [live]
# John McNair (British politician)

John Leaf McNair (6 October 1887 – 18 February 1968) was a British socialist politician.

## Biography

McNair was born in Boston, Lincolnshire, but moved to Tyneside at an early age. He left school when he was thirteen, working as an errand boy. He joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP), and was involved in Victor Grayson's election campaigns in 1910, on one occasion having to fill for an entire evening when Grayson failed to arrive. In 1911, he moved to Coventry, in an attempt to find regular employment, but his political activity made this difficult, and so, later in the year, he moved to Paris, where he lived and worked until 1923. He worked as the London Organising Secretary for the ILP during the 1924 general election, but felt that this had harmed his health, and he returned to Paris, where he worked for the next twelve years.
In 1936, McNair again returned to the UK, and was appointed as the ILP's national Organising Secretary and international representative. In this post, he travelled to Spain with John McGovern, in order to investigate the role of the Catholic Church in the Spanish Civil War. When McGovern returned to Scotland, McNair remained in Barcelona, running the ILP's political office, and making arrangements for the arrival of British volunteers to fight with the POUM; these included George Orwell, whom McNair met on Orwell's arrival. Following the suppression of the POUM during the Barcelona May Days, he fled Spain with Orwell and two others.
McNair was elected as General Secretary of the ILP in 1939, in which capacity he evacuated the party offices to Glasgow. While holding the post, he stood in the 1943 Bristol Central by-election, taking 7.3% of the vote, and wrote an official biography of James Maxton, entitled The Beloved Rebel.
In 1945, he attended the 5th Pan-African Congress in Manchester representing the ILP; an event also attended by W. E. B. Du Bois and Kwame Nkrumah.
In 1955, McNair retired from the General Secretaryship, and returned to Tyneside, when he completed a degree at the University of Durham in French and English history, and Greek and Roman culture. Aged 72, he followed this with an MA, his thesis being on the work of Orwell.
# Bev Nicholson

Bev Nicholson may refer to:
* Bev Nicholson (cricketer) (born 1975), English cricketer
* Bev Hartigan (born 1967), English runner who competed as Bev Nicholson
# San Paolo Apostolo, Foligno

The church of San Paolo Apostolo in Foligno is a parish church designed by Massimiliano Fuksas and Doriana Mandrelli Fuksas in 2009. A symbol of rebirth after the Umbria-Marche earthquakes of 1997, it occupies a place where a temporary housing for displaced residents once sat.
The religious building was commissioned by the Italian Episcopal Conference (CEI) after the earthquakes of the late 1990s. Fuksas was assigned to the project after winning a competition that was announced in 2001.

## Architecture

The building is chiefly composed of reinforced concrete, as a box within a box; the external section is 22,50m wide, 30m long, and 26m high; while the internal one is three meters above the floor and three meters from the external walls. Light enters through irregular windows found in the outside walls and through the roof. Though the church appears to be a monolithic block of cement, it was actually made using a structure of beams made of concrete with an internal and external liner of self-compacting cement 10 cm thick. The relationship between the building and sky, between light and the concrete structure, is to be noted. Outside light enters from either the top or the bottom of the church. Chandeliers hang from the ceiling, and the presbytery and altar are placed in the center of the interiore space. The architect was inspired by Le Corbusier's Notre Dame du Haut in particolare as well as Gio Ponti's Villa Nemazee in Teheran. Mimmo Paladino created the 14 Stations of the Cross for the church.

## Criticism

Even though it was the Italian Episcolap Conference that chose Fuksas' design for its innovative character, the architect received some severe criticism. Vittorio Sgarbi, for example, maintained that the building does not fit in with its surroundings and therefore sticks out too much (this was, however, the intent of the architect), and seems more like a shoebox than a sacred space.

## Note

* ↑ Faresin 2012, p. 264
* ↑ "Il critico d'arte Vittorio Sgarbi: "Le chiese moderne? Orribili. Non c'è più legame tra arte, bellezza e sacro"" [Art critic Vittorio Sgarbi: "Modern churches? Horrible. There's no link anymore between art, beauty and sacred."] (in Italian).
# San Silvestre

San Silvestre (Italian and Spanish for Saint Sylvester) can refer to:
* San Silvestre de Guzmán, Spain
* San Silvestre School, Lima, Peru
* San Silvestre Vallecana
* A frazione of Silvi, Abruzzo
# Beverley Randell

Beverley Joan Randell Price MNZM (born 1931), known by the pen name Beverley Randell, is a New Zealand children's author, whose work has been published by 16 publishers in several languages. Born in Wellington, she studied English and History at Victoria University College before becoming a teacher. In 1955 her first story, John the Mouse who Learned to Read, was published, and has sold around 267,000 copies.
Over the years Randell has written hundreds of books, many aimed at children with limited reading skills, but also books aimed at adults. She married Hugh Price, a publisher, in 1955. To date, over two million copies of her books have been sold.
In the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours, Randell was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to children's literature and education.

## Honours

* Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit (New Zealand) 2004
* Chevalier de la Ordre national du Mérite (France) 2005

## Works

Some of Randell's books include:
* Wellington At Work In The 1890s, (Hugh Price joint author) 2009, New Zealand, Steele Roberts ISBN 9781877448607
* Baby Bear Goes Fishing, (Isabel Lowe ill.) 1994, New Zealand, Nelson Price Milburn ISBN 9781869555412
* Baby Hippo, (Elizabeth Russell-Arnot ill.) 1994, New Zealand, Nelson Price Milburn ISBN 9781869558154
* Sally's Beans, (Meredith Thomas ill.) 1994, New Zealand, Nelson Price Milburn ISBN 9781869555641
* Tabby In The Tree, (Julian Bruere ill.) 1994, New Zealand, Nelson Price Milburn ISBN 9781869555412
* Father Bear Goes Fishing, (Isabel Lowe ill.) 1993, New Zealand, Price Milburn ISBN 9781869555535
* The Lion and the Mouse (adapted by Randell), (Clare Bowes ill.) 1976, England, Methuen Educational ISBN 9780423484601
* The Hungry Kitten, (Judith Trevelyan ill.) 1974, England, Methuen Educational ISBN 9780423482607
* Baby Lamb's First Drink, (Ernest Papps ill.) 1973, New Zealand, Price Milburn OCLC 813331653
* Lizard Loses His Tail, (Judith Trevelyan ill.) 1973, New Zealand, Price Milburn OCLC 166307650
* John, The Mouse Who Learned to Read, (Noela Young, ill.) 1969, England, Collins ISBN 9780001953673
# John Oliver (Dean of Christ Church)

John Oliver (died 1552) was an English churchman, canon lawyer, courtier and Dean of Christ Church, Oxford.

## Life

He graduated in the University of Oxford. His degrees were B.C.L. on 30 June 1516, B.Can.L. and D.Can.L. on 20 May 1522, D.C.L. on 11 Oct. 1522. He received numerous preferments in the church. On 22 August 1522 he received the living of Winforton in the diocese of Hereford, and in 1522 he became an advocate at Doctors' Commons. He was also rector of St. Mary Mounthaw, London, but resigned the living in 1527.
Oliver seems to have been among the men whom Cardinal Wolsey advanced, and in 1527 was his commissary. On 4 September 1527 he received the living of Pembridge in the diocese of Hereford, and on 8 September 1528 that of Whitchurch, Lincolnshire. He had now become prominent as the court as an active official. On 22 February 1529 he was sent to Shaftesbury Abbey to take the fealty of Elizabeth Zouche, the new abbess; and at the end of the same year he became prebendary of Southwell. In 1531 he was employed in the proceedings about Henry VIII's divorce, and in 1532 he was one of those consulted by the king as to the consecration of Thomas Cranmer. In the same year he took part in the trial of James Bainham for heresy. On 4 May 1533 Oliver was made dean of Christ Church, Oxford, in succession to John Hygdon He attended to other affairs, however, and in 1533 formed one of the court which declared Queen Catherine of Aragon contumacious. In 1540 he was consulted by convocation as to the validity of the king's marriage with Anne of Cleves; and other similar public duties were confided to him.
When it was decided to alter the foundation of Christ Church, Oliver had to resign his deanery. This he did on 20 May 1545, receiving in exchange a substantial pension. He returned to Doctors' Commons, became a master in chancery in 1547, at some time master of requests; on Thomas Wriothesley's fall the same year, he was one of the commissioners who transacted the lord-chancellor's business in the court of chancery. He took part in Stephen Gardiner's trial at the close of 1550, was a commissioner for the suppression of the Anabaptists in Kent and Essex in 1551, and the same year accompanied the embassy to France to treat of the king Edward VI's possible marriage. He took part in 1551 in the trials of the bishops George Day and Nicholas Heath, and, as Lord-chancellor Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich was ill, he helped to clear off the chancery business. He died in Doctors' Commons about May 1552.
# John Norwood

Captain John Norwood VC (8 September 1876 – 8 September 1914) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford.

## Early military career

Norwood was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Dragoon Guards on 8 February 1899.

### Victoria Cross details

Norwood was 23 years old, and a second lieutenant in the 5th Dragoon Guards (Princess Charlotte of Wales's), British Army during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place at Ladysmith for which he was awarded the VC:
   On the 30th October, 1899, this Officer went out from Ladysmith in charge of a small patrol of the 5th Dragoon Guards. They came under a heavy fire from the enemy, who were posted on a ridge in great force. The patrol, which had arrived within about 600 yards of the ridge, then retired at full speed. One man dropped, and Second Lieutenant Norwood galloped back about 300 yards through heavy fire, dismounted, and picking up the fallen trooper, carried him out of fire on his back, at the same time leading his horse with one hand. The enemy kept up an incessant fire during the whole time that Second Lieutenant Norwood was carrying the man until he was quite out of range.
He served in Transvaal and the Orange River Colony, and was promoted to lieutenant on 27 June 1900. He stayed with the 5th Dragoon Guards in South Africa until the war ended in May 1902, and left for Calcutta on the SS Umlazi two months later.

## Later military career

Norwood later achieved the rank of captain before resigning his commission in June 1909, joining the 2nd County of London (Westminster Dragoons) Yeomanry. Posted to France on the outbreak of the First World War, he was killed in action during the First Battle of the Marne at Sablonnieres on 8 September 1914.

## Memorial

A brass memorial to him can be seen in St Michael's Church, East Peckham, Kent.
His name is inscribed on a large plaque in Exeter College chapel, which is in remembrance of all those former members of the college who fell in the Great War.
His VC is on display at the Lord Ashcroft Gallery in the Imperial War Museum, London.
# Bert Bertrand

Bert Bertrand was a journalist from Belgium. He was the son of the cartoonist Yvan Delporte. He played a major role in the early days of punk rock in Belgium. In 1983, he committed suicide. He may also have been the one to be responsible for the name Plastic Bertrand..

## Work

* Press
** More
** En Attendant
** Le Trombone Illustré
* Music
** Songwriter and singer for The Bowling Balls
# Bert Beney

Benjamin Albert Beney (21 February 1887 – 20 April 1915) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Woolwich Arsenal and Bury as a forward. He scored prolifically for Hastings & St Leonards United in non-League football, with 142 goals in 86 appearances.

## Personal life

Beney worked as a plumber's mate. He served as a corporal in the Royal Engineers during the First World War and died of wounds in West Flanders on 20 April 1915. Beney was buried in Poperinghe Old Military Cemetery.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Woolwich Arsenal | 1908–09 | First Division | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 3 |
| Woolwich Arsenal | 1909–10 | First Division | 8 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 16 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 6 |
# San Cristóbal, Cantabria

San Cristóbal is a town in the Arenas de Iguña municipality of the Spanish region of Cantabria. The town is also known as Valdeiguña. In the year 2004 its population was 181. San Cristóbal borders Cohiño to the north and is 2.6 kilometers (1.6 mi) from the capital of the municipality, Arenas de Iguña, and 210 meters (689 feet) above sea level. The town used to belong to the historical municipality of Valdeiguña, and San Cristóbal has been documented since the Middle Ages when it was included in the Cartulary of Santillana.
# San Cristóbal, El Salvador

San Cristóbal is a municipality in the Cuscatlán department of El Salvador.
* This El Salvador location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e