OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brabantse Stedenrij

Brabantse Stedenrij (Dutch pronunciation:) is a term used in Dutch urban planning to designate the polycentric city region in the province of North Brabant, Netherlands. Its population is about 2 million. The main cities are 's-Hertogenbosch, Breda, Eindhoven, Helmond and Tilburg. Other municipalities of the area are Bergen op Zoom, Oss and Roosendaal. The metropolitan region also includes other large towns such as Boxtel, Etten-Leur, Oosterhout, Uden, Veghel, Veldhoven and Waalwijk.
The Brabantse Stedenrij is home to many large companies. In science, technology & engineering one finds DAF, VDL, Ciber, Atos, NXP, FEI, GE HealthCare and Thales in Eindhoven, Philips in Best and Eindhoven, ASML and Navteq in Veldhoven, Vanderlande and Alliance Boots in Veghel, Merck & Co., Aspen and B. Braun Medical in Oss, Fujifilm and Tesla Motors in Tilburg, Bosch Rexroth in Boxtel, and Acer Inc. in 's-Hertogenbosch. Also, the area has a rich agriculture and food industry, e.g. Mars Inc., Agrifirm, Royal Canin and FrieslandCampina's DMV in Veghel, Bavaria in Lieshout, Heineken in 's-Hertogenbosch, Coca-Cola in Dongen, Vion in Boxtel, Perfetti Van Melle in Breda and Unilever's Unox in Oss.

## Municipalities

Top 20 largest cities and towns of the Brabantse Stedenrij, 2022 :
| Nº | City/town (BAG) | Population | Municipality | Population |
| 1 | Eindhoven | 225,923 | Eindhoven | 225,923 |
| 2 | Tilburg | 222,601 | Tilburg | 222,601 |
| 3 | Breda | 184,762 | Breda | 184,762 |
| 4 | 's-Hertogenbosch | 155,555 | 's-Hertogenbosch | 155,555 |
| 5 | Helmond | 88,515 | Helmond | 88,515 |
| 6 | Roosendaal | 67,255 | Roosendaal | 77,415 |
| 7 | Oss | 57,475 | Oss | 84,635 |
| 8 | Bergen op Zoom | 66,811 | Bergen op Zoom | 66,105 |
| 9 | Oosterhout | 49,115 | Oosterhout | 53,995 |
| 10 | Veldhoven | 43,865 | Veldhoven | 43,865 |
| 11 | Etten-Leur | 42,055 | Etten-Leur | 42,055 |
| 12 | Uden | 35,280 | Uden | 40,810 |
| 13 | Rosmalen | 34,340 | 's-Hertogenbosch | 141,895 |
| 14 | Waalwijk | 31,620 | Waalwijk | 46,430 |
| 15 | Veghel | 31,032 | Meierijstad | 37,555 |
| 16 | Valkenswaard | 30,660 | Valkenswaard | 30,660 |
| 17 | Best | 28,700 | Best | 28,700 |
| 18 | Geldrop | 28,560 | Geldrop-Mierlo | 38,675 |
| 19 | Boxtel | 25,400 | Boxtel | 30,280 |
| 20 | Vught | 25,040 | Vught | 25,785 |
* Eindhoven
* Tilburg
* Breda
# Hidley Steam Car

The Hidley Steam Car was an American steam car manufactured only in 1901. One was certainly built, and as many as four may have been produced at the factory in Troy, New York.
# Thordisa tahala

Thordisa tahala is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs in the family Discodorididae.
# Team chasing

Team chasing is a British equestrian sport, contested between teams of four riders over a cross-country course of about two miles, with about 25 fences to be jumped. It is a dangerous sport, and a number of injuries have occurred. The teams set off at intervals and race against the clock, the time of the third member of each team being taken as the time of the team.

## History

Team chasing was invented by Douglas Bunn (the Master of Hickstead) in 1974 as a spectator sport for television, and has had a small but enthusiastic following ever since. Teams, many of whom have been in existence for some time, have been creative in finding names, such as the Boring Gorings (one of the first teams to compete, in 1974, and the oldest team still chasing), the Cunning Stunts, the Ankle Biting Butt Munchers, the Marston Misfits (founded in 1980), and many others. The sport has enjoyed a revival in the 21st Century, and has recently come to public attention by featuring in the BBC Radio series The Archers.
# Robin Baker (academic)

Robin William Baker CMG FRSA FRHistS (born 4 October 1953) is a British academic and former Vice-Chancellor of Canterbury Christ Church University. His research interests are Hungarian, Romanian and late Byzantine history, ethnic minorities in South-East Europe and heretical movements in the Middle Ages.
Robin Baker was educated at Bishop Wordsworth's School, and went on to graduate with a BA degree from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (now part of University College London), and completed his PhD at the University of East Anglia in 1984 entitled "Innovation and variation in the case system of contemporary Komi dialects". He also spent time studying at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and is a Fellow of University College London.
He was the Deputy Director-General of the British Council (2002–2005) where he was responsible for the council's global operations, before becoming Pro Vice-Chancellor of the University of Kent (2005–2007). He was appointed a Companion of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 2005. He was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the University of Chichester in 2007 and became Vice-Chancellor of Canterbury Christ Church University in September 2010. He resigned in October 2012.
Baker was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2024.
# Sodium sesquicarbonate

Sodium sesquicarbonate (systematic name: trisodium hydrogendicarbonate) Na$_3$H(CO$_3$)$_2$ is a double salt of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (NaHCO$_3$ · Na$_2$CO$_3$), and has a needle-like crystal structure. However, the term is also applied to an equimolar mixture of those two salts, with whatever water of hydration the sodium carbonate includes, supplied as a powder.
The dihydrate, Na$_3$H(CO$_3$)$_2$ · 2H$_2$O, occurs in nature as the evaporite mineral trona.
Due to concerns about the toxicity of borax which was withdrawn as a cleaning and laundry product, sodium sesquicarbonate is sold in the European Union (EU) as "Borax substitute". It is also known as one of the E number food additives E500(iii).

## Uses

Sodium sesquicarbonate is used in bath salts, swimming pools, as an alkalinity source for water treatment, and as a phosphate-free product replacing the trisodium phosphate for heavy duty cleaning.
Sodium sesquicarbonate is used in the conservation of copper and copper alloy artifacts that corrode due to contact with salt (called "bronze disease" due to its effect on bronze). The chloride from salt forms copper(I) chloride. In the presence of oxygen and water, even the small amount of moisture in the atmosphere, the cuprous chloride forms copper(II) chloride and hydrochloric acid, the latter of which dissolves the metal and forms more cuprous chloride in a self-sustaining reaction that leads to the entire destruction of the object. Treatment with sodium sesquicarbonate removes copper(II) chlorides from the corroded layer.
It is also used as a precipitating water softener, which combines with hard water minerals (calcium- and magnesium-based minerals) to form an insoluble precipitate, removing these hardness minerals from the water. It is the carbonate moiety which forms the precipitate, the bicarbonate being included to moderate the material's alkalinity.
In Chinese cuisine, it is known as mǎyájiǎn (simplified:马牙碱 traditional: 馬牙鹼) which roughly translates to “horse tooth alkaline” and traditionally used as an ingredient in the marinade for century eggs, a dish generally made from duck eggs preserved whole in an highly alkaline mixture.
# Hugo Hansén

Claes Hugo Hansén (born 26 December 1972) a Swedish theatre director. Currently employed by the Stockholm City Theatre.
Hansén is also a member of Mensa, a social organization whose members are in the top 2% of intelligence as measured by an IQ test entrance exam.

## Productions

* The Testament of Mary (Marias Testamente), Stockholm City Theatre 2013
* Demons (Demoner), Stockholm City Theatre 2013
* Natascha Kampusch, Stockholm City Theatre 2012
* Persona, Stockholm City Theatre 2011
* On Golden Pond (Sista Sommaren), Stockholm City Theatre 2010
* Red and Green (Rött och Grönt), Stockholm City Theatre 2010
* Shopping and F***ing, Stockholm City Theatre 2009
* Augenlicht (Skimmer), Malmö City Theatre 2009
* I'm feeling much better now (Nu mår jag mycket bättre), Stockholm City Theatre 2009
* Five times God (Fem gånger Gud), Stockholm City Theatre 2008
* The bitter tears of Petra von Kant (Petra von Kants bittra tårar), Stockholm City Theatre 2008
* The New Trial (Nya Processen), Stockholm City Theatre 2007
* Kränk, Stockholm City Theatre 2006
* Miss Julie (Fröken Julie), Gotlands nation 2000
# Walter Dundas

Walter Dundas (died 1636) was a Scottish landowner and courtier.
He was the eldest son of George Dundas of Dundas and Margaret Boswell, a sister of John Boswell of Balmuto. Walter Dundas was Laird of Over Newliston, and he later inherited Dundas Castle.
He attended the University of St Andrews in the 1570s and was literate in Latin and French as well as Scots. His father wrote to him in July 1588 describing the wedding of Henrietta Stewart and the bejewelled appearance of Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell.
Walter Dundas was knighted at the baptism of Prince Henry at Stirling Castle in August 1594. It is said that James VI asked him to bring silver spoons and lend him a pair of silk stockings (these requests were made to the Earl of Mar). James VI sent him an invitation to the baptism of Prince Charles in December 1600 at Holyrood House, asking for venison, wild meat, "brissel foulis", and capons.
At Linlithgow Palace there was a private stair leading to the king's apartments. Walter Dundas encountered the queen, Anne of Denmark, on the stair way in the dark without recognising her, and mentioned this to James VI. The king recognised his wife from his description and ordered him not to use the route in future.
He inherited the Dundas estate in 1598 and, over succeeding decades he dedicated substantial resources to enhancing it both economically and aesthetically, building a new residential block beside the medieval tower and adding a walled garden with corner pavilions and a central fountain and sundial. He experimented in the construction of enclosed fields and exploited the limestone on his property, constructing lime kilns to process it for use on his own land to increase crop yields and to sell to neighbouring estates.
He frequently represented Linlithgowshire (West Lothian) in parliament, served on a number of parliamentary commissions, and as sheriff of the county. He appears to have favoured presbyterianism over episcopacy, providing financial support to six ministers imprisoned in Blackness Castle for treason in 1605 and voting against the controversial Five Articles of Perth in the parliament of 1621.
He died in January 1636 with net assets of over £21,000 Scots, including £5,000 in cash, owing almost nothing to creditors.

## Marriages and family

He married Janet Oliphant, a daughter of Alexander Oliphant of Kellie. Their children included:
* Elizabeth Dundas, who married James Dundas of Newliston
* Margaret Dundas, who married William Scharpe of Pitleckie
* Isobel Dundas, who married John Sandilands, Lord Torphichen
His second wife was Anne Monteith. Their children included:
* George Dundas of Dundas
* William Dundas
* Walter Dundas
* Alexander Dundas
* Marion Dundas
# Juan Pallejá

Juan Pallejá (1889-1971) was a Spanish film editor. As well as editing feature films such as Malvaloca, Pallejá was noted for his work on documentaries.

## Selected filmography

* Malvaloca (1942)
* Traces of Light (1943)
* Fantastic Night (1943)
* Gentleman Thief (1946)
* The King's Mail (1951)
* The Pelegrín System (1952)
* Persecution in Madrid (1952)
* That Man in Istanbul (1968)
# Brauer's theorem on forms

    There also is Brauer's theorem on induced characters.
In mathematics, Brauer's theorem, named for Richard Brauer, is a result on the representability of 0 by forms over certain fields in sufficiently many variables.

## Statement of Brauer's theorem

Let K be a field such that for every integer r > 0 there exists an integer ψ(r) such that for n ≥ ψ(r) every equation
    $(*)\qquad a_{1}x_{1}^{r}+\cdots +a_{n}x_{n}^{r}=0,\quad a_{i}\in K,\quad i=1,\ldots ,n$
has a non-trivial (i.e. not all x$_i$ are equal to 0) solution in K. Then, given homogeneous polynomials f$_1$,...,f$_k$ of degrees r$_1$,...,r$_k$ respectively with coefficients in K, for every set of positive integers r$_1$,...,r$_k$ and every non-negative integer l, there exists a number ω(r$_1$,...,r$_k$,l) such that for n ≥ ω(r$_1$,...,r$_k$,l) there exists an l-dimensional affine subspace M of K$^n$ (regarded as a vector space over K) satisfying
    $f_{1}(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})=\cdots =f_{k}(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})=0,\quad \forall (x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})\in M.$

## An application to the field of p-adic numbers

Letting K be the field of p-adic numbers in the theorem, the equation (*) is satisfied, since $\mathbb {Q} _{p}^{*}/\left(\mathbb {Q} _{p}^{*}\right)^{b}$, b a natural number, is finite. Choosing k = 1, one obtains the following corollary:
    A homogeneous equation f(x$_1$,...,x$_n$) = 0 of degree r in the field of p-adic numbers has a non-trivial solution if n is sufficiently large.
One can show that if n is sufficiently large according to the above corollary, then n is greater than r$^2$. Indeed, Emil Artin conjectured that every homogeneous polynomial of degree r over Q$_p$ in more than r$^2$ variables represents 0. This is obviously true for r = 1, and it is well known that the conjecture is true for r = 2 (see, for example, J.-P. Serre, A Course in Arithmetic, Chapter IV, Theorem 6). See quasi-algebraic closure for further context.
In 1950 Demyanov verified the conjecture for r = 3 and p ≠ 3, and in 1952 D. J. Lewis independently proved the case r = 3 for all primes p. But in 1966 Guy Terjanian constructed a homogeneous polynomial of degree 4 over Q$_2$ in 18 variables that has no non-trivial zero. On the other hand, the Ax–Kochen theorem shows that for any fixed degree Artin's conjecture is true for all but finitely many Q$_p$.
# Thomas Pink

Thomas Pink Shirtmaker Ltd is a British shirt-maker. It was established in London in 1984 by three Irish brothers – James, Peter and John Mullen. From 1999 to 2021 it was owned by LVMH. In 2018 it lost £23.5 million. The company changed its name to Pink Shirtmaker in November 2018, and it was put up for sale in December 2020. It closed in January 2021, but was acquired in February and had resumed trading by November.

## History

The company was started in 1984 by three Irish brothers – James, Peter and John Mullen. It was named after Thomas Pink, an eighteenth-century tailor in Mayfair, London.
In 1999, it was sold to Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy, which paid about €48 million for 70% of the company. At the time, the company had 20 shops, including 17 in the UK, one in Dublin and two in the United States. LVMH bought the remaining 30% of the company in 2003.
In 2012, Thomas Pink launched legal proceedings in the UK against Victoria's Secret, which was marketing lingerie under the label "Pink"; Thomas Pink claimed Victoria's Secret was infringing on its trademarks, confusing customers and tarnishing its image pursuant to the Trade Marks Act 1994. Although Victoria's Secret attempted to raise a number of defences including revocation for non-use, and attacking the validity of the marks for descriptiveness and lack of distinctiveness, in July 2014 in the High Court of England and Wales Judge Colin Birss ruled in Thomas Pink's favour. Victoria's Secret, which is owned by L Brands, is making efforts to protect its trademarks in the United States, where the British trademark ruling did not have any effect.
In 2018, the company made an operating loss of £23.5 million. In November 2018, it changed its name to Pink Shirtmaker. It closed its Jermyn Street shop in August 2020, and in December of that year closed down its other shops, its website and its social media activity. Its dissolution was partially attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. In February 2021, Nick Preston, a former JD Sports executive, made arrangements to acquire the brand and its intellectual property from LVMH, though not its retail storefronts; the brand resumed trading in November of that year.
# Teilma, Tartu County

Teilma is a village in Elva Parish, Tartu County, Estonia. It has a population of 42 (as of 1 January 2010).
# Avalon Heroes

Avalon Heroes, known as Avalon Online in Asia, was a free-to-play multiplayer online battle arena video game developed by WeMade Entertainment for Microsoft Windows. The game is heavily based on Warcraft III: The Frozen Thrones popular mod CHAOS which is also heavily based on Defense of the Ancients. Avalon Heroes did get some attention in eSports circles. The game was closed on 8 February 2013 due to not having enough active players.
# Sodium silicide

Sodium silicide (NaSi, Na$_4$Si$_4$) is a binary inorganic compound consisting of sodium and silicon. It is a solid black or grey crystalline material.
Sodium silicide reacts readily with water yielding gaseous hydrogen and aqueous sodium silicate in an exothermic reaction (~175 kJ·mol$^{−1}$):
    2 NaSi + 5 H$_2$O → 5 H$_2$ + Na$_2$Si$_2$O$_5$
This is used in hydrogen technologies to generate hydrogen as a fuel. And is also used as high energy dense storage for hydrogen under low pressure.
# Puccinellia distans

Puccinellia distans is a species of grass known by the common names weeping alkaligrass and European alkali grass. It is native to Europe and it is present in most of North America, where it is perhaps an introduced species. It grows in moist habitat, usually in areas with saline soils, such as the edges of salted roads. It is a perennial herb producing hollow stems up to 40 to 60 centimeters in maximum height. The inflorescence is a spreading array of branches, the lower ones reflexed. The branches bear several rough-haired spikelets containing flowers.

## Publications

* Dony, C. M. (1979) Puccinellia distans (reflexed saltmarsh-grass) in Bedfordshire. Bedfordshire Naturalist 33 68–69.
# Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y Coronel

Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y Coronel (1285-1351), second lord of Sanlúcar, was a Castilian noble of the house of Medina Sidonia. He was the son of Alonso Pérez de Guzmán and María Alfonso Coronel. He defeated the troops of the King of Portugal in the Battle of Villanueva de Barcarrota (1336). He died in 1351.

## Family

From his first marriage to Beatriz Ponce de León y Meneses, great granddaughter of King Alfonso IX of León and daughter of Fernán Pérez Ponce de León I, commander of the frontier of Andalusia and lord of Puebla de Asturias, three children were born:
* Alonso de Guzman (died December 1330 ). He died at nine years of age, as a result of being butted by a deer, and was buried in the monastery of San Isidoro del Campo.
* Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y Ponce de León, third Lord of Sanlúcar.
* María de Guzmán, died childless.
He remarried in 1334 to Urraca Osorio (died 1367), daughter of Álvar Núñez Osorio and Mayor Perez, who had:
* Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y Osorio, fourth lord of Sanlúcar and first Count of Niebla.
| Preceded byAlonso Pérez de Guzmán | Señor de Sanlúcar 1309–1351 | Succeeded byAlonso Pérez de Guzmán y Ponce de León |
# Brauer's burrowing skink

Brauer's burrowing skink (Janetaescincus braueri), also known commonly as Brauer's skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the Seychelles.

## Etymology

The specific name, braueri, is in honor of German zoologist August Bernhard Brauer.

## Geographic range

J. braueri is found only in the Seychelles, where it occurs on the islands Mahé and Silhouette.

## Habitat

The natural habitats of Brauer's burrowing skink are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, at altitudes of 200–800 m (660–2,620 ft).

## Reproduction

J. braueri is oviparous.

## Conservation status

J. braueri is threatened by habitat loss.
# Portrait of Ambroise Vollard

Portrait of Ambroise Vollard may refer to:
* Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (Cézanne), an 1899 oil-on-canvas portrait by Paul Cézanne
* Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (Picasso), a 1910 oil-on-canvas portrait by Pablo Picasso
* Portrait of Ambroise Vollard with a Cat, an oil-on-canvas painting by Pierre Bonnard
* Portrait of Ambroise Vollard in a Red Headscarf, an oil on canvas portrait by Pierre-Auguste Renoir
# Oxylymma championi

Oxylymma championi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. It occurs in Guatemala.
# Dalilmasr

Dalilmasr is an online Egyptian directory, which provides information about any service, product, and/or tool available in the Egyptian market. The website includes information about companies, shops, showrooms, and service providers in the Egyptian Region.
In the five main languages it serves more than two billion people. Logo Identity:The logo is in two palms of the hand applauding (conducting the valued promised service) in black and red color along with white background (Egyptian Flag Colors), the other right and left acute blue triangles meaning the Nile River welfare.
# Claude Delisle

Claude Delisle (1644–1720; the name also appears as de l'Isle) was a French Geographer, cartographer and historian.

## Biography

Born in Vaucouleurs. on November 5 1644 from a physician father, he studied law at Pont-à-Mousson, became a lawyer before settling in Paris in 1674 and becoming a geography and history professor, later obtaining the post of Royal Censor. One of his students was Henri François d'Aguesseau, future Chancellor of France
His main work was a universal history in 7 volumes published posthumously in 1731. He also authored a historical description of Siam
Delisle had eleven sons. Amongst them figure:
* Guillaume Delisle (1675-1726), geographer and cartographer
* Simon-Claude Delisle (1676-1726), historian who continued the works of his father
* Louis de l'Isle de la Croyère (1687-1741), astronomer and explorer
* Joseph-Nicolas Delisle (1688-1768), astronomer, inventor of the Delisle scale
# Jacques Lanxade

Jacques Lanxade (born 8 September 1934) is a French admiral and former navy chief, and co-author of a proposed reform of NATO.
He was a private chief of staff of François Mitterrand, President of the French Republic, from 1989 to 1991, and became chief of defense of the French Armed Forces from 1991 to 1995. It was during this period that the Rwandan genocide took place in 1994.
Lanxade is also a former ambassador to Tunisia. As of 2008, he is the chairman of the Académie de Marine, and President of the Mediterranean Foundation for Strategic Research. He is also a member of the international committee of patronage of the French journal Politique américaine, dedicated to the study of internal and international stratagems of the United States.
# Sodium stearate

Sodium stearate (IUPAC: Sodium Octadecanoate) is the sodium salt of stearic acid. This white solid is the most common soap. It is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks. It is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings.

## Use

Having the characteristics of soaps, sodium stearate has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, a carboxylate and a long hydrocarbon chain. These two chemically different components induce the formation of micelles, which present the hydrophilic heads outwards and their hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tails inwards, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds. The tail part dissolves the grease or dirt and forms the micelle. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the production of various mouth foams.

## Production

Sodium stearate is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats. The percentage of the sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats. Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent. The idealized equation for the formation of sodium stearate from stearin (the triglyceride of stearic acid) follows:
    (C$_{18}$H$_{35}$O$_2$)$_3$C$_3$H$_5$ + 3 NaOH → C$_3$H$_5$(OH)$_3$ + 3 C$_{18}$H$_{35}$O$_2$Na
Purified sodium stearate can be made by neutralizing stearic acid with sodium hydroxide.
    C$_{17}$H$_{35}$COOH+NaOH→C$_{17}$H$_{35}$COONa+H$_2$O