OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Committee on Scientists and Engineers

The Committee on Scientists and Engineers was created by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower as the result of recommendations of an earlier Special Interdepartmental Committee and was charged with taking action in all appropriate ways to promote a substantial growth in the national supply of scientific and technological manpower. It was established on April 3, 1956 as the National Committee for the Development of Scientists and Engineers, but on May 7, 1957 the name was shortened. The final report of the Committee was submitted to the President on December 17, 1958, and the Committee expired on December 31, 1958.

## Committee objectives

* To assist the Federal Government in identifying the problems associated with the development of more highly qualified scientists and engineers.
* To enlist the cooperation of all interested individuals and groups in analyzing the problem and developing programs to deal with it, and to take the lead in coordination of interested organizations outside the Federal Government.
* To make available to all interested organizations information on effective ways of overcoming the obstacles to the training of more qualified scientists and engineers.
* To publicize the problem and possible solutions in order to stimulate widespread public understanding and support.
* To provide the President, from time to time, with a report of progress.

## Committee members

* Chairman Dr. Howard L. Bevis, President-emeritus of Ohio State University
* Vice-Chairman Dr. Eric A. Walker, President of Pennsylvania State University
The Committee was made up of representatives from major national organizations concerned with the education, training, and utilization of scientific and engineering personnel.
# Ruby Records

Ruby Records is an American record label, founded predominantly as a rock music label subsidiary of Slash Records. The original version of the label released seven albums in 1981 and 1982.
Ruby was distributed through the same independent distributors that handled its corporate parent, Slash. When Warner Bros. Records bought Slash, they took over distribution of Ruby's three most popular albums (The Gun Club's Fire of Love, The Misfits' Walk Among Us, The Dream Syndicate's The Days of Wine and Roses) and deleted the others (which included releases by the Flesh Eaters, Blurt and Lydia Lunch). The WB-distributed version of Fire of Love has an altered cover design, but the CD reissues on Slash and Rhino use the original artwork. Ruby was founded by the Flesh Eaters singer Chris D. He was listed as producer of the Misfits' Walk Among Us LP on its original release, although this was amended for the CD reissue. Chris D. also produced The Dream Syndicate's The Days of Wine and Roses and some tracks on The Gun Club's Fire of Love, as well as the two Flesh Eaters albums released by Ruby.
After the Chris D. era, the Ruby label received some brief revivals. In 1989, it released albums by Sweet Baby and Field Trip. In 2012, Drag News released a self-titled EP on Ruby. In 2018, Prayers collaborated with the surviving members of Christian Death to release a limited edition single on Ruby. Ruby has also released an album by Mississippi Fred McDowell and an EP by The Drab.
# Hankensbüttel

Hankensbüttel is a municipality in the Samtgemeinde Hankensbüttel in the district of Gifhorn, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 25 km south of Uelzen, and 30 km north of Gifhorn. The Municipality Hankensbüttel includes the villages of Alt Isenhagen, Emmen and Hankensbüttel.
* Lutheran church
* Old monastery
* Main building of the Otter Centre
* Inn

## History

The first documentary mentioning of Hankensbüttel was in the year 1051 by the name Honengesbuthele. The document is from Henry III. In this time the Saxon dynasty of Billung owned the region

## Politics
### Administration

Hankensbüttel is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde Hankensbüttel ("collective municipality"), which consists of the following municipalities:
* Dedelstorf
* Hankensbüttel
* Obernholz
* Sprakensehl
* Steinhorst

### Community council

The Community council consists of 15 community members and was elected on 10 September 2006:
* CDU - 7 Seats
* SPD - 2 Seats
* Green Party - 2 Seats
* FDP - 2 Seats
* Independent - 2 Seats
# Vinland sagas

The Vinland Sagas are two Icelandic texts written independently of each other in the early 13th century—The Saga of the Greenlanders (Grænlendinga Saga) and The Saga of Erik the Red (Eiríks Saga Rauða). The sagas were written down between 1220 and 1280 and describe events occurring around 970–1030.
The Saga of Erik the Red and The Saga of the Greenlanders both contain different accounts of Norse voyages to Vinland. The name Vinland, meaning "Wineland," is attributed to the discovery of grapevines upon the arrival of Leif Eiriksson in North America. The Vinland Sagas represent the most complete information available regarding the Norse exploration of the Americas, although due to Iceland's oral tradition, they cannot be deemed completely historically accurate and include contradictory details. However, historians commonly believe these sources contain substantial evidence of Viking exploration of North America through the descriptions of topography, natural resources, and native culture. In comparing the events of both books, a realistic timeline can be created.
The veracity of the Sagas was supported by the discovery and excavation of a Viking Age settlement in Newfoundland, Canada. Research done in the early 1960s by Norwegian explorer Helge Ingstad and his wife, archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad, identified this settlement located at what is now the L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada.

## Translations

English translations of both of the Vinland sagas can be found in the following works:
* Kunz, Keneva; Sigurdsson, Gisli, The Vinland Sagas, London: Penguin, 2008, ISBN 0-14-044776-8.
* Kunz, Keneva, The Sagas of the Icelanders, London: Penguin, 2005, ISBN 0-14-100003-1.
* Magnusson, Magnus; Palsson, Hermann, The Vinland Sagas, London: Penguin, 1973, ISBN 0-14-044154-9.
* Reeves, Arthur Middleton, The Finding of Wineland the Good: The History of the Icelandic Discovery of America, London: Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, 1890
# Yanai (Japanese surname)

Yanai (written: 柳井, 柳内 or 箭内) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hiroshi Yanai (disambiguation), multiple people
* Masayuki Yanai (箭内 政之, born 1959), Japanese astronomer
* Micky Yanai (ミッキー 柳井, born 1959), Japanese pornographic actor
* Shinsaku Yanai (柳内 伸作, born 1947), Japanese writer
* Tadashi Yanai (柳井 正, born 1949), Japanese billionaire
# Shallow North Dakota

Shallow North Dakota was a Canadian noise rock/sludge metal band from Hamilton, Ontario. The band was known for its loud, aggressive music and live shows, which often included destroying stage equipment.

## History

Shallow North Dakota was formed in Hamilton in 1993 by Tony Jacome (vocals, drums), Dan Dunham (guitar), and Biff Young (bass). In 1994, the band released their debut album, Auto Body Crusher, on local label Sonic Unyon, following it up with This Apparatus Must Be Earthed in 1997. Throughout the decade, the band toured with other Canadian noise rock acts like Chore and Kittens. The band's cover of the Sugarloaf song "Green Eyed Lady" was featured on Sonic Unyon's 1998 compilation Sonic Unyon: Now We Are 5.
In 2004, Shallow North Dakota released their third album, Mob Wheel. It was distributed to retail shops in Canada via their previous label, Sonic Unyon. The group disbanded the following year.
On October 13, 2018, the band reunited to perform at a friend's birthday party, after which they played a series of shows in Western Canada with KEN mode. They played their final show on April 13, 2019, at La Vitrola in Montreal.
The band's song "Backbone" was featured on Sonic Unyon's 2019 compilation Sonic Unyon: Now We Are 25.
In January 2021, Tony Jacome was diagnosed with terminal pancreatic cancer. That same month, Wordclock Records released a 3-track EP entitled Shallow North Dakota // KEN Mode // Kowloon Walled City to raise money for Jacome and his family. The EP featured a previously unreleased track, "Burly Bearded Man", along with KEN mode's cover of "Outside Dakota / Six Foot Foam Lover" and Kowloon Walled City's cover of "The Milkman". Jacome died on October 2, 2021, at age 45.
A tribute album entitled Rhino Body Lover: A Tribute to Shallow North Dakota, featuring artists like Conan Neutron, SIANspheric, Bison, and Fuck the Facts was released on January 21, 2022.

## Discography
### Albums

* Auto Body Crusher (1994)
* This Apparatus Must Be Earthed (1997)
* Mob Wheel (2004)

### Singles and EPs

* Pop the Hood (1993)
* "Gleam" (1994)
* Rhinoceros Love (with Kittens) (1996)
* Shallow North Dakota // KEN Mode // Kowloon Walled City (with KEN mode and Kowloon Walled City) (2021)
# Rafael Fernández government

The Rafael Fernández government was the first regional government of Asturias led by President Rafael Fernández.

## Investiture

Investiture Emilio García-Pumarino (UCD) :
| Ballot → | Ballot → | 15 April 1982 |
| Required majority → | Required majority → | 30 of 58 N |
| | Yes • UCD (22) | 22 / 58 |
| | No • PSOE • PCA–PCE | 31 / 58 |
| | Abstentions • AP • Mixed group | 4 / 58 |
| | Absentees • UCD (1) | 1 / 58 |
| Sources |||
Investiture Rafael Fernández (PSOE) :
| Ballot → | Ballot → | 15 April 1982 |
| Required majority → | Required majority → | 30 of 58 N |
| | Yes • PSOE • PCA–PCE | 31 / 58 |
| | No • UCD (22) • AP • Mixed group | 26 / 58 |
| | Abstention | 0 / 58 |
| | Absentees • UCD (1) | 1 / 58 |
| Sources |||

## Composition

Rafael Fernández government → (24 May 1982 – 21 June 1983) :
| Office | Name | Term of office |
| President | Rafael Fernández | 26 April 1982 – 18 June 1983 |
| Minister of Presidency | Bernardo Fernández (es) | 24 May 1982 – 21 June 1983 |
| Minister of Finance and Economy | Faustino Alcalde | 24 May 1982 – 21 June 1983 |
| Minister of Territorial Administration | Juan Ramón Zapico | 24 May 1982 – 30 May 1983 |
| Minister of Territorial Policy and Housing | Arturo Gutiérrez de Terán | 24 May 1982 – 21 June 1983 |
| Minister of Education and Culture | Antonio Masip | 24 May 1982 – 21 April 1983 |
| Minister of Health and Social Security | Juan Luis Rodríguez-Vigil | 24 May 1982 – 21 June 1983 |
| Minister of Public Works, Transports and Communications | Víctor Manuel Zapico | 24 May 1982 – 21 June 1983 |
| Minister of Agriculture and Livestock | Jesús Arango | 24 May 1982 – 21 June 1983 |
| Minister of Labour Relations and Social Assistance | Emilio Barbón | 24 May 1982 – 21 June 1983 |
| Minister of Industry, Commerce and Tourism | Manuel Fernández | 24 May 1982 – 21 June 1983 |
# Barsbüttel

Barsbüttel is a municipality in the district of Stormarn, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated east of Hamburg on the border of the district of Jenfeld.
Since 1973 the township has consisted of four districts: Barsbüttel (main village), Willinghusen, Stemwarde and Stellau.

## Education

The community contains two elementary schools, one in Barsbüttel and one in Willinghusen. Older students may attend the Erich Kästner Gemeinschaftsschule, which has a bilingual program for students in grades 5 through 10.
The Volkshochshule Barsbüttel offers adult education courses in school and municipal buildings across the four districts.

## Twin towns

* Keila, Estonia
* Graal-Müritz, Germany
* Guipavas, France
* Callington, Cornwall, United Kingdom.

## Notable people

* Wilhelm Mohnke – Schutzstaffel general, lived here after being released from prison from 1955 to 2001.
# Paraspilarctia

Paraspilarctia is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. It occurs in China, Taiwan, and northern Vietnam.

## Species
### Subgenus Paraspilarctia Kôda, 1988

* Paraspilarctia magna (Wileman, 1910)

### Subgenus Kishidarctia Dubatolov, 2003

* Paraspilarctia klapperichi (Daniel, 1943)
# Sadegh Vaez-Zadeh

Sadegh Vaez-Zadeh (Persian: صادق واعظ‌زاده) (born 10 April 1959) is an Iranian politician and professor. He is currently member of the Expediency Discernment Council.

## Academic life

He received a B.Sc. degree from the Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 1985, and M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, in 1993 and 1997, respectively, all in electrical engineering. He had been with several research and educational institutions in different positions before joining the University of Tehran as an assistant professor, in 1997, where he became an associate professor, in 2001, and a Full Professor, in 2005. He served the university as the Head of the Power Division from 1998 to 2000 and is currently the Director of the Advanced Motion Systems Research Laboratory, which he founded in 1998. He has also been the Director of the Electrical Engineering Laboratory since 1998. He has coauthored over 200 research articles in these areas and holds a U.S. patent. He is the author of Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (Oxford University Press, 2018). His research interests include advanced rotary and linear electric machines and drives, wireless power transfer, renewable energy integration, and energy policy. He is a member of the IEEE PES Motor Sub-Committee and Energy Internet Coordinating Committee. He has received several domestic and international awards for his contributions to the fields. He has been active in IEEE-sponsored conferences as the general chair, a keynote speaker, and as a member of technical and steering committees. He is an Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, an Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, and a Subject Editor of IET Renewable Power Generation.

## Social life

He is also a member of Iran's Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution and Expediency Council. He served as the Vice President for S&T and Head of the National Elites Foundation from 2006 to 2009.

## 2013 presidential elections

He was the first candidate to officially register in the 2013 Iranian presidential elections, stating that his campaign was in response to public demand for change. As part of his campaign, he stated he had "designed a comprehensive plan to solve inflation", which had long plagued Iran's economy as a result of years of international sanctions.

## Personal life

Vaez-Zadeh is a cousin of Iran's supreme leader Ali Khamenei.
# Ruby Range

Ruby Range may refer to the following mountain ranges:
* Ruby Range (Valhalla Ranges), British Columbia, Canada
* Ruby Range (Sifton Ranges), British Columbia, Canada
* Ruby Range (Yukon), Canada
* Ruby Range (Colorado), United States
* Ruby Range (Montana), United States
# Virgin Sun Airlines

Virgin Sun Airlines, branded as Virgin Sun, was a British charter airline owned by the Virgin Group, formed in 1998. The airline's main destinations were the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands. Virgin Sun's main bases were Manchester Airport and London Gatwick Airport.

## History

Virgin Sun was created as a charter airline in May 1999, operating from Gatwick Airport and Manchester Airport Terminal 2, leasing two Airbus A320-200 aircraft. After a successful launch and first summer season, Virgin Sun then received a third A320-200 and its first and only Airbus A321-200 the following year.
The airline was known for its ground breaking approach to inflight service being the first UK charter airline to ditch the traditional style meal for something more 'fun' in its first year of operation. After boarding all guests were offered a can of SeaBreeze cocktail (or a non-alcoholic version). After take off, Outbound guests were served with a meal of a bacon / veggie sausage sandwich on breakfast flights or hot dog / veggie sausage dog and potato wedges — prepared individually by the cabin crew with onions / sauces and an individual slice of chocolate gateau as a dessert. Inbound the meal was a jacket potato with a choice of 3 toppings and again a gateau dessert. Tea and coffee was served in coffee shop style disposable cups with the option of a 'squirty cream' topping. Downroute, customers were offered an ice lolly as they boarded.
In April 2001, two years after the airline commenced operations, Virgin Holidays decided to cease the operations of Virgin Sun, due to failing to make the expected profits. After a buyer was sought for the airline, it was eventually sold to Air 2000 which became First Choice Airways and subsequently merged with Thomsonfly. Virgin Sun ceased operations on 1 November 2001.
Two of the Airbus A320-200s were put into storage in Bristol, and the Airbus A321-200 (G-VKIS) and one of the Airbus A320-200s (G-VMED) were returned to the lessor, GECAS. One of the Airbus A320-200s (G-VKID) was sold on 21 June 2002 to the low-cost Swedish airline Goodjet, which is now defunct. The other Airbus A320-200 (G-VTAN) was eventually sold to Virgin Atlantic on 22 June 2004.

## Fleet

During its three-year existence, Virgin Sun had operated the following aircraft:
Virgin Sun Fleet :
| Aircraft | Total | Passengers |
| Airbus A320-200 | 3 | 180 |
| Airbus A321-200 | 1 | 220 |

## In popular culture

The airline featured prominently in the 2000 film Kevin and Perry Go Large. One of Virgin Sun's Airbus A320-200 aircraft (G-VMED) was seen landing at Alicante–Elche Miguel Hernández Airport doubling as Ibiza Airport.
# Bochold

Bochold is a northwestern borough of the city of Essen, Germany. It was incorporated into the city in 1915. Before it had been part of the Bürgermeisterei Borbeck (Borbeck district). Around 18,200 people live here.
S-Bahn trains have a stop at Bergeborbeck station, which is located in the Bochold borough. It should not be mixed up with the city of Bocholt, 60 km (37 mi) to the northwest.

## Geography

Bochold borders the boroughs of Altenessen to the east, Nordviertel, Altendorf and Schönebeck to the south, Borbeck-Mitte in the west, and Bergeborbeck and Vogelheim in the north.

## Sources

* ↑ Essen-Bochold ist ein Stadtteil mit zwei Gesichtern, WAZ.de
51°28′30″N 6°58′03″E﻿ / ﻿51.475°N 6.9675°E﻿ / 51.475; 6.9675
* This North Rhine-Westphalia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Yamaguchi Choseichi Dam

Yamaguchi Choseichi is a rockfill dam located in Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 1.4 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 26 ha of land when full and can store 4000 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1986 and completed in 1998.
# Brachyurophis

Brachyurophis is a genus of elapid snakes known as shovel-nosed snakes, so named because of their shovel-nosed snout which is used to burrow. The genus has eight recognized species, which are all found in Australia.

## Species

* Brachyurophis approximans (Glauert, 1854) – North-western shovel-nosed snake
* Brachyurophis australis (Krefft, 1864) – (Australian) coral snake, Eastern shovel-nosed snake
* Brachyurophis campbelli (Kinghorn, 1929) – Cape York shovel-nosed snake
* Brachyurophis fasciolatus (Günther, 1872) – Narrow-banded shovel-nosed snake
* Brachyurophis incinctus (Storr, 1968) – Unbanded shovel-nosed snake
* Brachyurophis morrisi (Horner, 1998) – Arnhem shovel-nosed snake
* Brachyurophis roperi (Kinghorn, 1931) – Northern shovel-nosed snake
* Brachyurophis semifasciatus Günther, 1863 – Southern shovel-nosed snake
The above species are sometimes included in the genus Simoselaps, sensu lato.
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Brachyurophis.

## Geographic distribution

* B. approximans - Western Australia North West Coastal and Western Plateau.
* B. australis - New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Victoria.
* B. fasciolatus - New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia and Northern Territory.
* B. incinctus - Northern Territory and Queensland.
* B. morrisi - Northern Territory North Coast.
* B. roperi - Northern Territory and Western Australia North Coast.
* B. semifasciata - Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland and Northern Territory.
# Rain Weekend

Rain Weekend is the second studio album by King Creosote, released in 1998.

## Track listing

* Lonesome Pigeon
* Oh No, It's Him!
* Turps
* My F.A.B. Tattoo
* Injecticide
* Crazy Paving
* You Won't Regret It
* Had I Been Around
* If Ever
* Try Again
* Marigolden Growth
* All Over Caroline
* Wood Louse
* Inner Crail to Outer Space
# Baron Dickinson Webster

Baron Dickinson Webster (1818–1860), son of Joseph Webster of Penns Hall, Sutton Coldfield (then in Warwickshire), England, was a Justice of the Peace, a freemason, a member of the Aston Union and of the Turnpike Trust and was Warden of the town in 1844 and in 1855-1858 ("Baron" was his given name, not a heraldic title).
A man of some prominence, he was much involved in the negotiations with railway companies regarding their plans for routes to and through Sutton Coldfield. His business interests included the manufacture of wire, and in 1998 a blue plaque was erected at Penns Hall, by the Sutton Coldfield Civic Society, honouring his involvement in the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
In 1855, the business of Websters was merged with that of Horsfall at Hay Mills, Birmingham and, in 1859, the whole business was transferred to Hay Mills and the Penns Mills were closed down, with serious financial consequences for many workers and the economy of the Walmley area of Sutton Coldfield.

## Family

He was the son of Joseph Webster (1783-1856) and Maria Mary née Payne (1792-1848) a daughter of Sir Peter Payne (1762-1843) MP 3rd Baronet Payne of St Christopher's. His sister was the writer, Janet Millett.
He married twice:
* in 1846 to Anne Maria Pipe-Wolferstan (1820-1848) by whom he had two sons who both died young: Baron Webster (1845-1845), Charles Payne Webster (1846-1862) and a daughter Frances Sharpe Webster (1848-1932) who married Stanley Edward Hicks JP DL Barrister at Law; and
* secondly, in 1850, to Anna Maria Bristowe (1826-1862) daughter of Samuel Ellis Bristowe (1800-1855) JP DL and Mary Anne née Fox and brother of Samuel Boteler Bristowe (1822-1897) QC. They had two sons: Baron Dickinson Webster (1850-1930) who married Ellen Elizabeth Fox (1852-1923), a daughter of William Darwin Fox; and Lt Col Godfrey Fox Webster (1852-1933).
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 42

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 42 (P. Oxy. 42) is a proclamation of Dioscorides written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 18 January 323. It is housed in the British Museum (747) in London. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. The measurements of the fragment are 277 by 202 mm. The text is written in cursive letters.