OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gudrun Krämer

Gudrun Krämer (born 1953) is a German scholar of Islamic history and co-editor of the third edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam. She is professor of Islamic studies, Chair of the Institute of Islamic Studies at the Free University of Berlin and a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Her expertise is in topics related to modern Islamic history and in Islam, democracy, and modernity.

## Life

Kramer was born in Marburg, Hesse in 1953. She earned her doctorate from the University of Hamburg in 1982, with her dissertation focusing on the History of the Jews in Egypt. She spent some time as a researcher for the German Institute for International and Security Affairs and a lecturer at the University of Bonn.

## Work

Kramer is noted as an analyst of Islamism from both a theological and textual standpoint, examining both the theoretical and practical implications of political Islam. In 2010, she was the first Islamic studies scholar to earn the International Research Prize from the Gerda Henkel Foundation due to the influence of her historical and cultural research on Muslims and its potential to explain current events.

### English

* The Jews in Modern Egypt, 1914-1952, I.B. Tauris 1989
* A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest until the Creation of the State of Israel, Princeton University Press, 2008
* Hasan al-Banna, Oneworld Publications, 2010

### French

* Responsabilité, égalité, pluralisme. Réflexions sur quelques notions-clés d'un ordre islamique moderne, Casablanca 2000

### German

* Ägypten unter Mubarak: Identität und nationales Interesse, Nomos, 1986
* Gottes Staat als Republik: Reflexionen zeitgenössischer Muslime zu Islam, Menschenrechten und Demokratie, Nomos, 2000
* Geschichte Palästinas - Von der Osmanischen Eroberung bis zur Gründung des Staates Israel, Verlag C.H. Beck, 2002
* Geschichte des Islam, Verlag C.H. Beck, 2005
* Demokratie im Islam: Der Kampf für Toleranz und Freiheit in der arabischen Welt, C.H. Beck, 2011

### Spanish

* Historia de Palestina. Desde la conquista otomana hasta la fundación del Estado de Israel, Siglo XXI, 2006
# Prion (bird)

The prions (/ˈpraɪɒn/) or whalebirds are small petrels in the genera Pachyptila and Halobaena. They form one of the four groups within the Procellariidae along with the gadfly petrels, shearwaters and fulmarine petrels. The name comes from the Greek priōn, meaning "saw", a reference of the serrated edges of the birds' saw-like bill.
They are found in the Southern Ocean and breed on a number of subantarctic islands. Prions grow 20 to 27 cm (7.9–10.6 in) long, and have blue-grey upper parts and white underparts. Three species of prion have flattened bills with a fringe of lamellae that act as strainers for zooplankton. All prions are marine and feed on small crustacea such as copepods, ostracods, decapods, and krill, as well as some fish such as myctophids and nototheniids.

## List of species

* Pachyptila
** Pachyptila turtur, fairy prion
** Pachyptila belcheri, slender-billed prion
** Pachyptila crassirostris, fulmar prion
** Pachyptila vittata, broad-billed prion
** Pachyptila desolata, Antarctic prion
** Pachyptila salvini, Salvin's prion
** Pachyptila macgillivrayi, MacGillivray's prion
* Halobaena
** Halobaena caerulea, blue petrel
In addition, fossil remains of some hitherto undescribed prehistoric species have been found. The oldest comes from the Late Miocene (Tortonian, some 7 to 12 million years ago) of the Bahía Inglesa Formation in Chile.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Gotch, A. F. (1995) [1979]. "Albatrosses, Fulmars, Shearwaters, and Petrels". Latin Names Explained A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals. New York, NY: Facts on File. pp. 191–192. ISBN 0-8160-3377-3.
* ↑ "Prion". The New Oxford American Dictionary (3rd ed.). 2013.
* ↑ Shepherd, Lara D.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Miskelly, Colin M. (2024-02-08). "Mitochondrial DNA structuring of Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata, Procellariidae)". Tuhinga. 35: 1–9. doi:10.3897/tuhinga.35.115090. ISSN 2253-5861.
* ↑ Maynard, B. J. (2003)
# Jefferson Township, Whitley County, Indiana

Jefferson Township is one of nine townships in Whitley County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,232 (up from 2,182 at 2010) and it contained 905 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.08 square miles (90.9 km$^2$), all land.

### Unincorporated towns

* Dunfee at 41°05′12″N 85°20′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.0867140°N 85.3371973°W﻿ / 41.0867140; -85.3371973
* Raber at 41°05′09″N 85°25′58″W﻿ / ﻿41.0858799°N 85.4327550°W﻿ / 41.0858799; -85.4327550
* Saturn at 41°02′05″N 85°21′20″W﻿ / ﻿41.0347692°N 85.3555305°W﻿ / 41.0347692; -85.3555305
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Union Township (north)
* Lake Township, Allen County (northeast)
* Aboite Township, Allen County (east)
* Jackson Township, Huntington County (south)
* Clear Creek Township, Huntington County (southwest)
* Washington Township (west)
* Columbia Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains two cemeteries: Bayliss and Broxon.

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 24
* Indiana State Road 14
* Indiana State Road 114

### Airports and landing strips

* Homestead Airport
# Salvia aegyptiaca

Salvia aegyptiaca, the Egyptian sage, is a herbaceous plant species of the family Lamiaceae.

## Distribution

Salvia aegyptiaca is found in the Cape Verde Islands, Canary Islands, NW and N. Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia, Arabian peninsula, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India.

## Morphology

It is herbaceous, with erect-ascending stems. The leaves are oblong to linear-elliptic, rugulose, serrated. This species has inflorescences of simple racemes, sometimes branched. Bracts are present. The corolla has a blue-violet color.

## Pharmacognosy

Salvia aegyptiaca has been studied due to its uses in folk medicine in the Old World to treat diarrhoea, gonorrhoea and haemorrhoids, plus it has been used as demulcent, antispasmodic, cicatrizant, antiseptic and stomachic. Its non-polar extracts have been tested as antimicrobial and these presented inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus.
6-Methylcryptoacetalide, aegyptinones A and B, 6-methyl-epicryptoacetalide and 6-methylcryptotanshinone have been isolated from this species.
# Salem Chapel, Robertstown

Salem, Robertstown is an Independent (Congregationalist) chapel in Bridge Street, Robertstown, Aberdare, Wales.

## Early history

The history of Salem can be traced back to 1835, when Joseph Harrison, minister of Ebenezer, Trecynon broke away from that church because he was prepared to administer baptism by total immersion to those who wished. This was contrary to the beliefs of Independent church members. Meetings were initially held in houses and later in the long room of the White Lion Inn. Although this was disapproved of by a number of members who were teetotal it was far from unusual for the chapels of the valley to have their early origins in meetings in public houses.
This difficulty was initially addressed by building a wooden hut in 1836 which was known as Ty Planca. Soon it became too small and the congregation proceed to build Salem in 1841, at a cost of £550, and on land leased from Dr James Lewis Roberts. Joseph Harrison was minister until his death in 1851.

## The Ministry of Joshua Thomas

Harrison was succeeded by Joshua Thomas. He served as minister for many years and was presented with a testimonial of £140 in April 1875. The gift was presented by John Harrison, the oldest deacon and son of the founder of the chapel. Speakers on this occasion included Michael D. Jones of Bala, Thomas Rees of Swansea and local ministers William Edwards of Ebenezer, Trecynon and William Williams of Nebo, Hirwaun.
During this period members from Salem established Bethel, Gadlys.
Membership reached 65 in 1841 but by the following year had fallen to 25.
Salem remained open until the twenty-first century.
# Kâhta District

Kâhta District is a district of Adıyaman Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Kâhta. Its area is 1,274 km$^2$, and its population is 127,534 (2021). On 12 October 2018, cave drawings which date back to the Paleolithic era, were discovered in the Kâhta district, due to the decline of Atatürk Reservoir waters by 10–15 meters.

## Composition

There are 3 municipalities in Kâhta District:
* Akıncılar
* Bölükyayla
* Kâhta
There are 102 villages in Kâhta District:
* Adalı
* Akalın
* Akdoğan
* Akkavak
* Akkuş
* Aktaş
* Akyıldız
* Alidam
* Arılı
* Aydınpınar
* Bağbaşı
* Bağözü
* Ballı
* Belenli
* Belören
* Beşikli
* Boğazkaya
* Bostanlı
* Bozpınar
* Boztarla
* Burmapınar
* Büyükbağ
* Büyükbejyan
* Büyükbey
* Çakıreşme
* Çaltılı
* Çamlica
* Çardak
* Çataltepe
* Çaybaşı
* Çıralık
* Çukurtaş
* Cumhuriyet
* Damlacık
* Dardağan
* Dikenli
* Doluca
* Dumlu
* Dut
* Eceler
* Ekinci
* Elbeyi
* Erikdere
* Erikli
* Esendere
* Eski Kâhta
* Eskitaş
* Fıstıklı
* Geldibuldu
* Göçeri
* Gökçe
* Gölgeli
* Güdülge
* Güzelçay
* Habipler
* Hacıyusuf
* Hamzalar
* Hasandiğin
* Hasköy
* İkizce
* Işıktepe
* İslamköy
* Karacaören
* Karadut
* Karaman
* Karataş
* Kavaklı
* Kayadibi
* Koçtepe
* Köseler
* Kozağaç
* Menzil
* Mülk
* Narince
* Narlıdere
* Narsırtı
* Oluklu
* Ortanca
* Ovacık
* Şahintepe
* Salkımbağı
* Sarısu
* Şenköy
* Sıraca
* Sırakaya
* Susuz
* Taşlıca
* Taşlıçay
* Teğmenli
* Teknecik
* Tuğlu
* Turanlı
* Tütenocak
* Ulupınar
* Yapraklı
* Yelkovan
* Yenice
* Yenikuşak
* Yeşilkaya
* Yolaltı
* Zeytin
* Ziyaret

## Places of interest

* Nemrut Dağı or Mount Nemrut - now a national park, famous for the antique statuary on the summit, dating back to the Commagene Kingdom.
* Karakuş Tumulus, with a large statue of an eagle.
* Kâhta castle
* Severan Bridge, a Roman bridge.
* Mount Nemrut
* Tumulus of Karakuş
* Kahta castle
* Severan Bridge
# Thujopsene synthase

Thujopsene synthase (EC 4.2.3.79) is an enzyme with systematic name (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate lyase (cyclizing, (+)-thujopsene-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate $\rightleftharpoons$ (+)-thujopsene + diphosphate
The recombinant enzyme from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana produces (+)-α-barbatene, (+)-thujopsene and (+)-β-chamigrene.
# Çokal, Gelibolu

Çokal is a village in the Gelibolu District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 159 (2021).
# Öwez Öwezow

Öwez Öwezow (born 11 June 1997) is a Turkmen weightlifter. He represented Turkmenistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
# Étang du Méjean

The Étang du Méjean, the "pond of Méjean" (sometimes called Étang de Pérols in its eastern part) is part of the lagoon complex of the Palavas ponds (Étangs palavasiens). It is located in the Hérault department, in southern France, on the Mediterranean coast.
* Étang du Méjean seen from the bridge of Carnon looking to the west. Left, the Canal du Rhône à Sète.
* Étang du Méjean looking to the northwest. Right, the town of Pérols.
# Øyangen

Øyangen may refer to:

## Places

* Øyangen (Valdres), a lake in Innlandet county, Norway
* Øyangen (Gran), a lake in Innlandet and Akershus counties, Norway
* Øyangen (Nord-Fron), a lake in Innlandet county, Norway
* Øyangen (Ringerike), a lake in Buskerud county, Norway

## People

* Gunhild Elise Øyangen (born 1947), a Norwegian politician
# Øyangen (Valdres)

Øyangen is a lake in Innlandet county, Norway. The 6.644-square-kilometre (2.565 sq mi) lake lies on the border of the municipalities of Øystre Slidre, Vestre Slidre, and Vang. The lake lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the south of the village of Beitostølen and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northwest of the village of Skammestein. The lake is regulated for hydroelectric power generation. It serves as a reservoir for the nearby Lomen power plant.
# Église Saint-Pothin

The Église Saint-Pothin (English: Church of Saint Pothinus) is a Roman Catholic church located in Lyon, France. The parish church sits on the left bank of the Rhône, in the 6th arrondissement of Lyon, at the Place Edgar Quinet. By order of 2 May 2007, the whole church was included in the supplementary inventory of monuments historiques.

## History

The creation of the parish of St. Pothin and the construction of the church became part of the urban development of Les Brotteaux district from the late 18th century. The progressive urbanization of the area followed a plan made by Jean-Antoine Morand (1727-1794), an architect in Lyon, and Saint-Pothin was one of the structural elements of the new plan. A chapel was opened in 1818, but Les Brotteaux district decided to create a branch of La Guillotière district placed under the patronage of St. Pothin, due to pressure from the notables and responding to the special concern of the Archbishop of Lyon. The royal ordinance of 21 June 1826 allowed this project to be materialized, thus facilitating the project of church construction and financing. The parish boundaries were established in 1827, however. Canuts smashed the doors of the old church in 1831.
In 1835, the Hospices Civils de Lyon made a gift of land and a contest was organized by the city fathers of La Guillotière. Christophe Crépet (1807-1856), Lyon architect of La Guillotière and former student of the École des Beaux-Arts de Paris, was the winner. He proposed a neoclassical style, that was partially carried out from June 1841 to 1843 as the budget, largely undervalued, was tripled. For economic reasons, this led to an adjournment of the church decoration (many statues of saints were planned, but the project was finally abandoned) and the use of inferior materials, which begat architectural disorder.
The church was opened on Christmas Day of 1843.
Architect of Lyon city Tony Desjardins in 1867, then architect Claudius Porte in 1874 and 1876-1877, directed restoration campaigns.

## Architecture

This church has a neoclassical style and looks like a Greek temple. It has a Latin cross form, and its facade has a Doric portico, topped by a triangular pediment, and many Doric columns. Above the six columns of the facade, there are a frieze and a triangular pediment with a cross.
In the interior, the fresco of the dome was done in 1893-1894 by Étienne Couvert (1856-1933) and depicts the Virgin and the twelve apostles, and there is a glass made by Lucien Bégule, representing the Holy Spirit as a dove. The stained glass windows were made by Lucien Bégule's son, Émile (1880-1972), showing the founders of the Church of Lyon (St Irenaeus, St Polycarp, St Blandina and St Pothinus) and that of France (St Genevieve, St Clotilde).There is also a 1656 painting depicting St. Paul in front of the Areopagus, which was previously kept at Notre-Dame de Paris.
The organ is placed in the apse and the nave is lined aisles. Adrien Rougier was the titular organist from 1945 to 1984.

## Stained glass windows made by Bégule

* St Pothin
* St Blandina
* St Irenaeus
* St Polycarp
# İdil District

İdil District is a district of the Şırnak Province of Turkey. The seat of the district is the town of İdil and the population was 77,105 in 2021. Its area is 1,148 km$^2$.
The district was formed in 1937.
The western part of the district is considered part of the Tur Abdin region, while the eastern part is considered part of the Bohtan region.

## Settlements

İdil District contains three beldes, sixty-five villages, of which three are unpopulated, and nineteen hamlets.

### Beldes

* İdil
* Karalar (Eraban)
* Sırtköy (Tilêla)

### Villages

* Açma (Xirabê Sosîna)
* Akdağ (Zengilok)
* Akkoyunlu (Bezîkîr)
* Aksoy (Memolan)
* Alakamış (Eleqamiş)
* Başakköy (Basaqê)
* Bereketli (Fîl)
* Bozburun (Zinarex)
* Bozkır (Daskan)
* Çığır (Serkanî)
* Çınarlı (Kekwan)
* Çukurlu (Xenduk)
* Dirsekli (Xirabê Şeref)
* Dumanlı (Kefsur)
* Duruköy (Danêrê)
* Gedik (Dîpik)
* Güzelova (Xana Haso)
* Haberli (Basîbrîn)
* Hendekköy (Xendek)
* Işık (Xaltan)
* Kaşıkçı (Heskal)
* Kayalı (Kefşîn)
* Kayı (Hêdil)
* Kentli (Bazgur)
* Kırca (Avdika)
* Kozluca (Xanikê)
* Köyceğiz (Dupîç)
* Kurtuluş (Batil)
* Kuyulu (Selekûn)
* Mağaraköy (Kiweh)
* Ocaklı (Banih)
* Okçu (Sivik)
* Okçu (Xiraba Dêrika)
* Ortaköy (Şêx Hesen)
* Oyalı (Delavê Qesrê)
* Oymak (Rîzok)
* Ozan (Mijdîn)
* Öğündük (Midin, Mihih)
* Özbek (Tilseqan)
* Özen (Xirabê Tuwa)
* Peçenek (Mirik)
* Pınarbaşı (Aynserê)
* Sarıköy (Estero, Sare)
* Sulak (Bafê)
* Tekeköy (Xirabê Nêriyan)
* Tepecik (Seregir)
* Tepeköy (Xerabê Ripin)
* Toklu (Axrit)
* Topraklı (Xwarikê)
* Uçarlı (Temerz)
* Uğrak (Xirabê Mişa)
* Ulak (Fîlfel)
* Üçok (Babek)
* Varımlı (Qere Xirab)
* Yağmurca (Xêlanî)
* Yalaz (Arzanex)
* Yarbaşı (Hespîst)
* Yavşan (Zergos)
* Yayalar (Soran)
* Yaylaköy
* Yazman (Hecîkesan)
* Yolaçan (Narîncî)
* Yörük (Dikê)
* Yuvalı (Xandex)
* Yuvalı (Barim)
# Æthelwold (bishop of Lindisfarne)

Æthelwold of Lindisfarne (died 740) (also spelled Aethelwald, Ethelwold, etc.) was Bishop of Lindisfarne from 721 until 740.
Æthelwold contributed to the production of the Lindisfarne Gospels: he took the raw manuscripts that his predecessor Eadfrith had prepared and had Billfrith bind them so that they could be read easily. Æthelwold was one of the disciples and assistants of St. Cuthbert. He is the last Bishop of Lindisfarne to have been revered as a saint. He is often mistaken with his near contemporary, Æthelwold of Farne.

## Citations

* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 219
* ↑ Patron Saints Index Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine accessed on August 29, 2007
# Çavuşdere, Arıcak

Çavuşdere is a village in the Arıcak District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 9 (2021). The village is populated by Kurds.
# Çavuşbaşı, Oğuzeli

Çavuşbaşı, historically Dahni, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Oğuzeli, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 27 (2022).
# Çavuşköy, Araç

Çavuşköy is a village in the Araç District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population is 114 (2021).
# Ōizumigakuenchō

Ōizumigakuenchō (大泉学園町, Ōizumi-gakuen-chō) is a district of Nerima, Tokyo, Japan. It is located around 1.5 kilometers north of Ōizumi-gakuen Station of Seibu Railway Seibu Ikebukuro Line and consists of nine chōme.
The district is colloquially simply called Ōizumigakuen. However, the simplified term is often used to refer to the greater Ōizumi area also encompassing Ōizumimachi (大泉町), Nishiōizumi (西大泉), Nishiōizumimachi (西大泉町), Higashiōizumi (東大泉) and Minamiōizumi (南大泉).
Historically, the main industry of the Ōizumi area was agriculture. But after the establishment of Higashi Ōizumi Station (now Ōizumi-gakuen Station) in 1924, its surrounding area saw a great development as a commercial neighborhood and, consequently, Ōizumigakuenchō grew to be a quiet residential neighborhood for a number of upper-income earners.

## Notable people from Ōizumigakuenchō

* Natsuki Ozawa, Japanese singer, actress and AV actress
35°45′59″N 139°35′15″E﻿ / ﻿35.76639°N 139.58750°E﻿ / 35.76639; 139.58750
# Ōizumi Observatory

Ōizumi Observatory (obs. code: 411) is a private astronomical observatory in Ōizumi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Takao Kobayashi has made discoveries of numerous minor planets at the observatory. Since its founding, Kobayashi has discovered 1,200 minor asteroids and their positions using a 10-inch (250 mm) telescope. Ōizumi observatory like many other observatories is in a relatively undisturbed place. One of the notable people to work at the observatory is Takao Kobayashi.
# Ōkubo Nagayasu

Ōkubo Nagayasu (大久保 長安, 1545 – June 13, 1613) was a Japanese samurai bureaucrat and daimyō of the Edo period.
He was in charge of silver mines at Sagami after 1601, at Sado after 1603 and at Izu after 1606. He expanded production at each mine.
After his death, evidence of misconduct was found. His fief was confiscated and his sons were ordered to commit suicide.
# Świerczek coat of arms

Świerczek is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

## Notable bearers

Notable bearers of this Coat of Arms include:
# Święta Katarzyna railway station

Święta Katarzyna railway station is a station in Święta Katarzyna, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland.
The Święta Katarzyna - Wrocław Kuźniki railway line (349), serving as the railway bypass of Wrocław, begins at Święta Katarzyna railway station. The railway station underwent extensive renovation in 2006, when outlying and unused buildings were deconstructed, including a spur towards Oława, whilst the westerly track heading towards Wrocław Brochów was moved to accommodate the construction of a new platform, for passengers heading to the aforesaid railway station.

## Connections

* 132 Bytom - Wrocław Główny
* 349 Święta Katarzyna - Wrocław Kuźniki

## Train Services

The station is served by the following service(s):
* Regional services (PR) Wrocław Główny - Oława - Brzeg
* Regional services (PR) Wrocław Główny - Oława - Brzeg - Nysa
* Regional service (PR) Wrocław - Oława - Brzeg - Nysa - Kędzierzyn-Koźle
* Regional services (PR) Wrocław Główny - Oława - Brzeg - Opole Główne
* Regional service (PR) Wrocław - Oława - Brzeg - Opole Główne - Kędzierzyn-Koźle
* Regional service (PR) Wrocław - Oława - Brzeg - Opole Główne - Kędzierzyn-Koźle - Racibórz
* Regional service (PR) Wrocław - Oława - Brzeg - Opole Główne - Gliwice
# Əhmədli

Əhmədli (Ahmedli) may refer to:

## Places in Azerbaijan

* Əhmədli, Baku
** Ahmedli (Baku Metro), a railway station
* Əhmədli, Beylagan
* Əhmədli (40° 28' N 46° 09' E), Dashkasan
* Əhmədli (40° 31' N 45° 54' E), Dashkasan
* Əhmədli, Lachin
* Əhmədli, Masally
* Əhmədli, Shamakhi
* Əhmədli, Shamkir

## Other uses

* Ahmedli (ship), earlier Empire Teguda, a Polish-built Soviet coastal tanker 1990–2002