OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Icilia gens

The gens Icilia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. During the early Republic, the Icilii were distinguished by their unwavering support for the rights of the plebeians against the patrician aristocracy.

## Branches and cognomina

The only surname of the early Icilii was Ruga, which properly belonged to many of the Icilii, but they are usually mentioned without a cognomen.

## Members

    This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.
* Spurius Icilius, one of the plebeian envoys sent to negotiate with the Senate during the first secession of the plebeians, in 494 BC. He was elected tribune of the plebs for BC 493, plebeian aedile the following year, was probably tribune again in 481, and a third time in 470.
* Gaius Icilius Ruga, one of the first plebeian tribunes, in 493 BC.
* Lucius Icilius S. f., tribune of the plebs in 456 and 455, carried a law assigning the Aventine Hill to the plebeians, and attempted to pass an agrarian law, which was blocked. In 449, he played a key role in the deposition of the decemvirs, and was again elected tribune of the plebs.
* Icilius S. f., brother of the tribune of 456, informed Lucius Verginius of the plot against his daughter during the second decemvirate, 449 BC.
* Lucius Icilius, tribune of the plebs in 412 BC. He was probably one of three brothers who held the tribuneship in 409, when his college succeeded in winning the election of the first plebeian quaestors.
* Icilius, one of three brothers who served as tribune of the plebs in BC 409.
* Icilius, last of the three brothers who were tribunes of the people in 409 BC.
# Artemiy Sevostyanov

Artemy Viktorovich Sevostyanov (Артемий Викторович Севостьянов; born 2 February 1973) is a Kazakhstani male water polo player. He was a member of the Kazakhstan men's national water polo team, playing as a centre back. He was a part of the team at the 2000 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Olympics. On club level he played for Sintez Kazan in Russia.
# Arnulphe d'Aumont

Arnulphe d'Aumont (27 December 1720 – 8 August 1800) was a French medical doctor. His name is also spelled Daumont. He was born in Grenoble and died in Valence.
After receiving his doctorate in 1744, he became royal professor at the University of Valence in Dauphiné. In 1744 he published Relation des fêtes publiques données par l'université de Montpellier, à l'occasion du rétablissement de la santé du roi, procuré par trois médecins de cette école.
In 1762 he published Mémoire sur une nouvelle manière d'administrer le mercure dans les maladies vénériennes et autres. (Memoir on a new manner to administer mercury for venereal and other diseases) His method was to use glazed animal milk.
He wrote the article "Enfance" in the Encyclopédie.
# Real Grupo de Cultura Covadonga (basketball)

Real Grupo de Cultura Covadonga is a Spanish basketball team based in Gijón, Asturias. It currently plays in Liga EBA.

## History

In its first years, the club was quarterfinalist of the Copa del Rey (1949, 1950 and 1951). During the 1960s and the 1970s the team played in tiers 2 and 3, until 1982 when due to financial problems it sold its spot to recently founded Gijón Baloncesto.
It came back to the national divisions in 1997, when it promoted to Liga EBA. Nowadays, Grupo Covadonga alternates seasons between this league and Primera División de Baloncesto.

## Season by season

| Season | Tier | Division | Pos. | W–L |
| 1968–69 | 2 | 2ª División | 4th | 7–8 |
| 1969–70 | 2 | 2ª División | 10th | 4–16 |
| 1970–71 | 3 | 3ª División | 7th | 9–11 |
| 1971–72 | 3 | 3ª División | 10th | 9–1–14 |
| 1972–73 | 3 | 3ª División | 7th | 8–2–12 |
| 1973–74 | 3 | 3ª División | | |
| 1974–75 | 3 | 3ª División | 9th | 7–1–12 |
| 1975–76 | 3 | 3ª División | 4th | 15–1–8 |
| 1976–77 | 3 | 3ª División | 2nd | 16–1–7 |
| 1977–78 | 3 | 3ª División | 4th | 15–2–9 |
| 1978–79 | 3 | 2ª División | 1st | 18–1–3 |
| 1979–80 | 2 | 1ª División B | 9th | 13–17 |
| 1980–81 | 2 | 1ª División B | 14th | 6–20 |
| 1981–82 | 3 | 2ª División | | |
| 1982–83 | 4 | 3ª División | | |
| 1983–84 | 3 | 2ª División | | |
| 1984–96 | Lower divisions | Lower divisions | Lower divisions | Lower divisions |
| 1996–97 | 3 | Liga EBA | 9th | 10–16 |
| 1997–98 | 3 | Liga EBA | 13th | 5–21 |
| 1998–99 | 3 | Liga EBA | 11th | 11–17 |
| 1999–00 | 3 | Liga EBA | 13th | 7–19 |
| 2000–01 | 4 | Liga EBA | 11th | 13–17 |
| 2001–02 | 4 | Liga EBA | 18th | 4–30 |
| 2002–03 | 5 | 1ª División | 1st | 14–10 |
| 2003–04 | 5 | 1ª División | 1st | 19–3 |
| 2004–05 | 5 | 1ª División | 1st | 22–1 |
| 2005–06 | 5 | 1ª División | 2nd | 16–6 |
| 2006–07 | 5 | 1ª División | 1st | 22–3 |
| 2007–08 | 5 | Liga EBA | 10th | 12–18 |
| 2008–09 | 5 | Liga EBA | 12th | 11–17 |
| 2009–10 | 5 | 1ª División | 2nd | 22–2 |
| 2010–11 | 5 | 1ª División | 1st | 20–5 |
| 2011–12 | 5 | 1ª División | 2nd | 15–9 |
| 2012–13 | 5 | 1ª División | 2nd | 16–6 |
| 2013–14 | 5 | 1ª División | 2nd | 16–4 |
| 2014–15 | 5 | 1ª División | 1st | 19–4 |
| 2015–16 | 4 | Liga EBA | 12th | 5–17 |
| 2016–17 | 5 | 1ª División | 2nd | 19–3 |
| 2017–18 | 5 | 1ª División | 1st | 18–6 |
| 2018–19 | 5 | 1ª División | 1st | 21–3 |
* ↑ Sold its berth in the league to the newly created Gijón Baloncesto.
* ↑ Remained in the league due to the existence of vacant berths.
* ↑ Achieved a vacant berth in Liga EBA.
* ↑ Resigned to its berth in Liga EBA.
* ↑ Resigned to promete to Liga EBA.
# Artaix

Artaix is a commune in the department of Saône-et-Loire in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Ray Williams (footballer, born 1931)

Raymond Williams (1 May 1931 – September 2015) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a right-back. He made appearances in the English Football League with Wrexham.
# Arthritis & Rheumatology

Arthritis & Rheumatology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering the natural history, pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of the rheumatic diseases. It is an official journal of the American College of Rheumatology.
It was established in 1958 as Arthritis & Rheumatism and obtained its current name in 2014.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 10.995.
# Ignatius Leong

Ignatius Leong (born 1956) is a professional chess organizer in Singapore and has been one of Asia's leading organizers for more than 20 years. He was awarded by the International Chess Federation (FIDE) as an International Arbiter in 1979, International Organiser in 1995 and FIDE Senior Trainer in 2004. He was also the president of the Singapore Chess Federation from 2007-2015, Founding President and president of ASEAN Chess Confederation from 2000 to 2015, FIDE Vice President from 2002 to 2006 and FIDE General Secretary from 2005 to 2014.
At 23, he became one of the world's youngest International Arbiters. Leong is also Director of the ASEAN Chess Academy. He had played in three Chess Olympiads.
Leong once formed a "World Chess Organization", which promised to overthrow FIDE. However, he abandoned that effort when not enough people joined. He has also swung wildly between being a supporter and an opponent of FIDE President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov.
In 2002, Leong announced that he was running for FIDE President against Ilyumzhinov. Later, he changed his mind, saying that he was not running. Then, changing it again, saying that he had never withdrawn his candidacy. It was eventually ruled that once he had withdrawn, it was too late to become a candidate again, so no election was held because Ilyumzhinov was the only candidate. However, Leong became FIDE Secretary-General.

## Controversy

A few days before the 2014 FIDE Presidential Elections, the New York Times Magazine published a lengthy report on the Presidential Elections campaign. Included was information about a leaked contract between Garry Kasparov and Leong from Singapore, in which the Kasparov campaign reportedly "offered to pay Leong $500,000 and to pay $250,000 a year for four years to the Asean Chess Academy, an organization Leong helped create to teach the game, specifying that Leong would be responsible for delivering 11 votes from his region [...]". In September 2015, the FIDE Ethics Commission found Kasparov and Leong guilty of violating its Code of Ethics and later suspended them for two years from all FIDE functions and meetings.
# Arthur Lennard

Arthur Lennard (born Arthur Edward Hall; 8 March 1867 – 14 January 1954) was a British music hall singer, stage and silent film actor.

## Biography

He was born in Plumstead, and first appeared on stage at Holborn in 1887. A tenor, he sang ballads, such as the popular "Skylark", as well as topical songs and parodies. He performed in variety shows and pantomimes before retiring from the stage in 1916.
He then enjoyed a brief career as a silent film actor, appearing in nine films in the early 1920s including Fires of Innocence (1922).
He died in 1954 and was buried at St Nicolas Church, Shoreham-by-Sea.

## Selected filmography

* Little Dorrit (1920)
* By Berwin Banks (1920)
* The Children of Gibeon (1920) - Mr. Gibeon
* The Black Sheep (1920)
* Fires of Innocence (1922)
# Refraction microtremor

Refraction microtremor (ReMi) is a surface-performed geophysical survey developed by Dr. John Louie (and others) based on previously existing principles of evaluating surface waves and in particular Rayleigh waves. The refraction microtremor technology was developed at the University of Nevada and is owned by the State of Nevada. Optim of Reno, Nevada has the exclusive license to develop the technology, and SeisOpt® ReMi™ has been available commercially from Optim since 2004. Since Rayleigh waves are dispersive, the propagating waves are measured along a linear seismic array and evaluated relative to wave frequency and slowness (or the inverse of the velocity). Due to the dispersive characteristics of higher frequency waves travelling through the more shallow conditions and lower frequency waves passing through deeper materials, a 1-D subsurface profile can be generated based on the velocity with depth.

## Equipment and Field Procedures

The method utilizes equipment typically employed in seismic refraction surveys. This equipment consists of a seismograph, geophones placed in an array, and a seismic source. An array consists of 6 to 48+ geophones placed at some interval along the ground surface to measure the propagating waves and are connected to a seismograph that records the data. Rayleigh waves are generated from seismic sources described to be active, passive, or a combination of both. For example, active sources can be generated sources from a sledge hammer striking a plate or other sources that are created near the traverse. Passive sources can be nearby highway traffic, construction equipment working in the distance, etc. Several recordings (typically 15 to 60+ seconds long) are captured and stored for later analysis. As multiple traverses are performed along the ground surface, the 1-D profiles can be compiled to generate a 2-D profile of the subsurface conditions. It is worth noting that since seismic traverses typically "average" conditions along the traverse length to some extent, the expectations and limitations of geophysical methods should be realized.
# Ilse Hülper

Ilse Hülper (27 August 1919 – after 1967) was a German theatre and film actress, operatic and operetta soprano.

## Life

Born in Berlin Charlottenburg, Hülper received vocal training at the Berlin University of the Arts. Afterwards she attended the acting school of the Oldenburgisches Staatstheater. She gained her first stage experience from 1938, also at the Oldenburg State Theatre, as a singer in the chorus. From 1939 to 1942, she was engaged as a soloist at the Staatstheater Cottbus. Stations at the Stadttheater Fürth followed and from 1945 onwards at various stages in Berlin Hebbel Theater, Metropol-Theater, Metropole and Deutsche Oper Berlin). Her repertoire covered the entire classical and modern operetta repertoire. She appeared in Franz Lehár's Paganini, Jacques Offenbach's La Vie parisienne, Gräfin Dubarry by Carl Millöcker and Theo Mackeben and Wiener Blut by Johann Strauss II. In 1967, she ended her stage career.
She also appeared in two films. In Das Mädchen Christine [de] by Arthur Maria Rabenalt, she portrayed the character of Lady Winterton in 1949 alongside Wolfgang Lukschy, Tilly Lauenstein and Gerd Frickhöffer, and in 1954, directed by Georg A. Profé [de] in the musical film Alles für dich, mein Schatz.
Hülper was married to the actor, director and film producer Georg A. Profé (1908–1977).

## Filmography

* 1949: Das Mädchen Christine
* 1954: Alles für dich, mein Schatz
# Arthur H. McCollum

Arthur Howard McCollum (August 4, 1898 – April 1, 1976) was an American Naval Officer as well as a key member of the Intelligence agency in the Southwest Pacific. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan to two Baptist Missionaries. He spent several years in Japan after his graduation from the Naval Academy, granting him a large amount of knowledge about East Asia and the Southwest Pacific that proved key in his interactions with Naval Intelligence.
McCollum served as an American Naval Officer and retired in 1951 as Rear Admiral and consultant after World War II to the Central Intelligence Group and Central Intelligence Agency.
Raised in Marion, Alabama, McCollum graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1921 and was then sent by the Navy for 3 years of study in Japan. He was serving as an assistant naval attaché in Tokyo in 1930 when Edwin T. Layton, Joseph J. Rochefort and Ethelbert Watts Jr. were there for similar training. McCollum also attended the submarine school at the Naval Submarine Base. Despite the fact that he served on a wide variety of ships with the US Navy, he is most noted for his work in intelligence. He was fleet intelligence officer on the staff of Commander in Chief U. S. Fleet (1936-1938). In October 1940 as a Lt. Commander he authored what is called the McCollum memo outlining his assessment of German and Japanese threats to U.S. security. From Nov. 1942 to May 1945, he held 3 titles simultaneously. He held Director of Allied Naval Intelligence, Southwest Pacific, Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Seventh Fleet, and Commanding Officer of the Seventh Fleet Intelligence Center. He retired in 1951 from the US Navy. He was recalled to active duty with the CIA and retired once more in 1953.

## Intelligence work

McCollum, a key figure to the Office of Naval Intelligence, was the chief commander of the Far East section of ONI. He served on the staff of the Commander of the U.S Pacific Fleet as the intelligence officer from 1936 to 1938 and served several roles in intelligence from 1942 to 1945. His most notable contribution to Naval Intelligence is the McCollum memo (or Eight Action Memo) in which he provided an eight step plan to provoke Japan into attacking the United States. McCollum was also the Distribution Officer for intercepted Japanese diplomatic intelligence (MAGIC). The military code, JN-25, had not yet been broken.
Promoted to captain effective June 20, 1942, he was advanced to rear admiral on the retired list when he left active duty in June 1951.

## Personal

McCollum and his wife Margaret Benninghoff McCollum (December 3, 1901 – February 20, 1985) were buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
# Ilhat

Ilhat (before 1987: Illat) is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.
# Arthur Brown (economist)

Arthur Joseph Brown, CBE, FBA (8 August 1914 – 28 February 2003) was an English economist who was Professor of Economics at the University of Leeds.

## Early life and education

Though born in Alderley in Cheshire on 8 August 1914, Brown was raised in Yorkshire where he attended Bradford Grammar School. He studied PPE at The Queen's College, Oxford, graduating with first-class honours in 1936.

## Academic career

In 1937 Brown was elected a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford (beating Harold Wilson in the competition for the place) and was also appointed a lecturer at Hertford College, Oxford. He established a reputation as an economist and embraced Keynesianism. He remained at All Souls until 1946, but left his lectureship in 1940 when (during the Second World War) he joined the Foreign Research and Press Service, transferring in 1943 to the Foreign Office Research Department and then finally (in 1945) to the Economic Section of the Cabinet Office. During this period, he wrote articles on applied economics for the Bulletin of International News.
Brown left government service in 1947 to become Professor of Economics at the University of Leeds, where he remained until his retirement in 1979. During that period, he served as head of the university's Department of Economics and Commerce until 1965 and as pro-vice-chancellor from 1975 to 1977. He was made an emeritus professor on his retirement.
Brown wrote Applied Economics: Aspects of the World Economy in War and Peace (1948), The Great Inflation, 1939–1951 (1955), The Framework Of Regional Economics In The United Kingdom (1972) and World Inflation Since 1950: An International Comparative Study (with Jane Darby, 1985). He also advised African governments during decolonisation, represented the UK on the United Nations's Consultative Group on the Economic and Social Consequences of Disarmament and produced a study on regional economics for the UK government for which he calculated the multiplier used to officially estimate the impact of government spending on a region's income.

## Honours

Brown was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 1972, appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1974 and served as president of the Royal Economic Society from 1976 to 1978. He received honorary degrees from the Universities of Bradford, Kent, Aberdeen and Sheffield and was made an honorary fellow of The Queen's College, Oxford in 1985.

## Death

Brown died on 28 February 2003, aged 88.
# Asam brothers

The Asam brothers (Cosmas Damian Asam and Egid Quirin Asam) were sculptors, painters, and architects, who worked mostly together and in southern Germany. They are among the most important representatives of the German late Baroque.

## Life

Cosmas Damian Asam and his brother Egid Quirin Asam were two of the nine children of Hans Georg Asam (1649–1711), the resident painter in Benediktbeuern Abbey. Both were apprentices under their father. After the death of his father in 1711, Cosmas Damian traveled to Rome, sponsored by the abbot of Tegernsee, in order to receive further education there. Presumably his brother accompanied him on this trip.
The works of Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini made a profound impression on Cosmas Damian, and in 1713 he received the first prize of the Accademia di San Luca in the presence of the Pope. In 1716 Egid Quirin finished his training under the Munich court sculptor Andreas Faistenberger. After their return from Italy, the brothers received many commissions, thanks to their close ties to the Order of St. Benedict.
Both brothers followed in their father’s footsteps in their tendencies and training. Cosmas Damian worked as a painter and sculptor; Egid Quirin, as architect, stucco-worker, and sculptor. As their specialties complemented each other well for architectural assignments, they worked together on nearly all their commissions.
In particular, Cosmas Damian’s great talent for fresco painting quickly made a name for the brothers outside of the Upper Palatinate. His frescoes were valued as highly as those of his Italian contemporary, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.
While the frescoes and stucco-works executed by the brothers in Bamberg were still strongly characterized by a certain illusionism, they achieved in later works, such as those in Weingarten Abbey, a uniform interplay of individual elements that provided a stage-like setting for the Baroque church service. With the construction and organization of the influential church in Weltenburg Abbey, they assured their fame. According to the criteria of the late Baroque period, they succeeded in bringing together painting, sculpture, light, space, and architecture into a unified total work of art.
While their architectural commissions ranged from Bohemia to the Tyrol and Switzerland, from around 1727 both brothers resided in Munich. Their best known building is the Church of St. John Nepomuk, popularly known as the Asamkirche, in Munich, next to which they lived. This late work, wedged into an exceedingly small space and built without commission, served as a private chapel for the Asam brothers.
# Ikuto

Ikuto may refer to:
* Ikuto Noguchi, a fictional character from the anime series Digimon Data Squad
* Ikuto Tsukiyomi, a fictional character from the manga series Shugo Chara! by Peach-Pit
# Arvis Vilkaste

Arvis Vilkaste (born 8 April 1989) is a Latvian bobsledder, brakeman who has competed since 2010.
He won a gold medal in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships 2016 in Igls, Austria (with pilot Oskars Melbārdis, Daumants Dreiškens and Jānis Strenga). It was the first ever World Championships gold medal in bobsled for Latvia.
He also won a bronze medal in the four-man event at FIBT World Championships 2015 in Winterberg, Germany as well as 2012 World Junior Championship title in the four-man event.
Vilkaste competed in 2014 Winter Olympics at Sochi and won a silver medal in the four-man event.
He became the four-man European Champion in 2015 and finished 3rd in the four-man event in 2016 Bobsleigh European Championship.
At the 2014–15 Bobsleigh World Cup season Vilkaste as Oskars Melbārdis brakeman has 8 from 8 podium finishes in four-man events, including five first places.
Before becoming a bobsledder, Vilkaste was a sprinter, winning a gold medal at the 4x100 relay at the 2008 Latvian Athletics Championships.