OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Protea madiensis

Protea madiensis, commonly known as the tall woodland sugarbush, is a flowering shrub which belongs to the genus Protea. It is native to the montane grasslands of Sub-Saharan Africa.

## Taxonomy

Protea madiensis was first described as a new species in a 1875 publication by the Linnean Society of London (read before the society in 1871) by Daniel Oliver, who described the new taxon from a specimen brought forth from the Speke and Grant expedition to find the source of the Nile. This specimen was collected by James Augustus Grant in December, 1862, when the trees were in full bloom, at a place called 'Madi' (see Madi people), hence the specific epithet ('from Madi'). Grant states in his notes that he encountered it for the first time here.
The synonym Protea bequaertii was described from the Belgian Congo.
In the first half of the 20th century, botanists believed that there were four different Protea species occurring contemptuously together with each other in West Africa: P. argyrophaea, P. elliottii, P. madiensis and P. occidentalis. P. argyrophaea was the name for a smallish, shrubby plant, with silvery-white bracts subtending the inflorescence as opposed to pinkish as ascribed to P. madiensis by Hutchinson and Dalziel at the time (1954). In 1963, John Stanley Beard synonymised the first three taxa under the oldest name, P. madiensis.

## Subspecies

At present, Protea madiensis has two accepted subspecies, the nominate eastern form, and the western form, subspecies occidentalis. It is impossible to distinguish the two taxa from each other using vegetative characteristics; instead, the two taxa can be distinguished by two details of the floral parts.
* P. madiensis subsp. madiensis Oliv. - This subspecies was originally said to occur from Senegal to Ethiopia in the north, to Angola, Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia in the south. The trees found growing in southern Nigeria are also seen as belonging to the nominate form. It is very variable over its range in leaf form and shape.
* P. madiensis subsp. occidentalis (Beard) Chisumpa & Brummitt - This taxon was originally described as found growing in the area from Guinea to Mali in the north, south to Sierra Leone, Benin and Cameroon. It is sympatric with the nominate form throughout its range. According to Beard in his original 1963 description of the taxon as P. occidentalis, a species independent of P. madiensis, it primarily differs from the nominate form in that the corolla, including outer lobes, is shorter, less than 1.5cm, and the floral tube, into which form the Protea flower has evolved, is glabrous or ciliated, as opposed to entirely pubescent.

## Distribution

This is one of the four most common Protea species in tropical Africa.
# Green building in the United Kingdom

Both the public and private sectors in the United Kingdom promote green building. Presently, there are already regulatory mechanisms in place that establish Britain's commitment to this kind of building construction. The government, for instance, set out a target that by 2016, all new homes will have zero carbon emission and it also includes a progressive tightening of energy efficiency regulations by 25 percent and 44 percent in 2010 and 2013, respectively. The UK Building Regulations set requirements for insulation levels and other aspects of sustainability in building construction.
For the private sector, there is the case of the Association for Environment Conscious Building (AECB), which promotes green building (or sustainable building) in the United Kingdom since 1989.
The UK is also bound to the European Union policy covering green buildings. Under the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD), Europe has made a mandatory energy certification since 4 January 2009. A mandatory certificate called the Building Energy Rating system (BER) and a certification Energy Performance Certificate is needed by all buildings that measure more than 1,000 m$^2$ in all the European nations. According to the UK Green Building Council, existing buildings account for 17 percent of the UK's total carbon emissions. The Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), UK's first green building certification system, was established in 1990. Houses are also rated according to the standards set by the Code of Sustainable Homes, which was established in 2007. Here, homes are evaluated against a minimum standards for energy and water usage and are rated from one to six stars based on how they meet the requirements in nine different categories.
In Wales, advice on and access to sustainable building is available from a not-for-profit organisation called Rounded Developments Enterprises. They run a Sustainable Building Centre in Cardiff.

## Examples

The Beaufort Court at Hertfordshire, which hosts the RES and Inbuilt, is an example of a green building in the UK. It is a zero-emission structure built on the previous Ovaltine egg farm and features its own 225-kilowatt wind turbine and photovoltaic array, capable of 3,200 kilowatt-hours per year. There is also the case of the BowZed building in east London, which made it to The Guardian's list of top eco-building. It is a block of zero-fossil energy flats designed by eco-architect Bill Dunster. It features comprehensive insulation, eliminating the need for a central heating system. About 90 percent of its electricity is sourced from solar and wind power while a wood pellet-powered boiler provides hot water to the residents.
The One Angle Square building in Manchester has the distinction of earning one of the highest BREEAM scores. This structure makes use of natural resources with the passive solar gain for heating and natural ventilation through its double-skin facade. It also harvests rainwater and has sophisticated water recycling technology. Another popular green building in the UK is the Media Centres' Friendly Street building.
# Rubus corchorifolius

Rubus corchorifolius is an Asian species of raspberry native to Korea, Japan, China, Vietnam, and Myanmar. It is an erect shrub up to 3 meters tall with prickly stems. Leaves are simple, with pointed lobes near the base of the blade. Flowers are pink or white. The fruits are red and used to make jams, juice, and wine.
# Aparallactus guentheri

Aparallactus guentheri, or the black centipede-eater, is a species of mildly venomous rear-fanged snake in the family Atractaspididae. The species is endemic to Africa.

## Etymology

The specific epithet, guentheri, is in honor of German-British herpetologist Albert Günther, who preceded George Albert Boulenger at the British Museum (Natural History).

## Distribution

A. guentheri is found in Angola, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania (including Zanzibar), Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

## Description

A. guentheri is blackish brown dorsally, a little lighter ventrally. The chin and throat are yellowish white. It has a deep black collar, edged with yellowish white in front and behind, narrowly interrupted on the throat.
Adults may attain a total length of 33 cm (13 in), with a tail 8 cm (3+1⁄8 in) long.
The portion of the rostral visible from above is nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal. The frontal is 1½ times as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals. The nasal is divided, in contact with the preocular. There is one postocular. There are seven upper labials, the third and fourth entering the eye, the fifth in contact with the parietal. The mental is in contact with the anterior chin shields, which are as long as and a little broader than the posterior chin shields. The anterior chin shields are in contact with four lower labials.
The dorsal scales are smooth, without pits, in 15 rows. The anal is entire. The subcaudals number 51–59, and are entire (undivided).
# Watkin Hezekiah Williams

Watkin Hezekiah Williams (1844–1905), known as Watcyn Wyn, was a Welsh schoolmaster and poet.

## Early life

Born on 7 March 1844 at his mother's home at Ddolgam, in the Llynfell valley, Carmarthenshire, was the son of Hezekiah and Ann Williams. He was brought up, the second of a family of ten, on his father's farm of Cwmgarw Ganol, near Brynaman. At an early age he found employment in the coal mines then being opened up in the district, and he worked, chiefly as a collier, with occasional periods of attendance at local schools, until the age of 27.

## Teacher

In 1870 Williams married Mary Jones of Trap, Carreg Cennen; the death of his wife in less than a year led him to leave his home and occupation. In January 1872 he entered the school of his relative, Evan Williams of Merthyr. He was soon assisting Evan Williams and his successor, J. J. Copeland. In 1874 he decided to qualify for the independent ministry; he returned home, began to preach at Gibea Chapel, and, after a preliminary training, was admitted to the Presbyterian College at Carmarthen in 1875. On the conclusion of his course in 1879 he married Anne Davies of Carmarthen.
Instead of a pastorate, Williams took a post as teacher of a private school at Llangadog. Differences among the staff led to his moving, with the Rev. D. E. Williams, to Ammanford in 1880, where they founded the Hope Academy. In 1884 Watkin took sole charge, and in 1888 he adapted for school purposes a building to which he gave the name of "Gwynfryn". Until his death he ran the institution as a preparatory school, for those about to enter the dissenting ministry or other professions. He was ordained an independent minister in 1894, but held no pastoral charge.

## Death

Williams died on 19 November 1905, and was buried at Ammanford.

## Works

As "Watcyn Wyn", Williams had a wide reputation as a Welsh poet, dating from 1875, when he divided a prize with Islwyn at Pwllheli. Both the silver crown and the bardic chair, the two chief poetic prizes of the eisteddfod, were won by him, the former at Merthyr in 1881 for a poem in free metre on "Life", and the latter at Aberdare in 1885 for an ode in the strict metres on the subject "The Truth against the World". He was also the winner of the crown at the World's Fair eisteddfod of 1893 at Chicago, the subject being "George Washington". He published:
* Caneuon Watcyn Wyn, Wrexham, n.d.; second edit. 1873.
* Hwyr Ddifyrion, Swansea, 1883.
* Llenyddiaeth Gymreig (a survey of Welsh literature), Wrexham, 1900.
* Storiau Cymru (versified folk-tales), Wrexham, 1907, and other minor works.
His autobiography Adgofion Watcyn Wyn, edited by John Jenkins (Gwili), appeared, with portrait, in 1907 (Merthyr).
# Sebastien Paddington

Sebastien Paddington (born June 23, 1977) is a Trinidad and Tobago former swimmer, who specialized in middle-distance freestyle events. He represented Trinidad and Tobago at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and later became the Chairman of the Board of Directors for Sport Company of Trinidad and Tobago (SporTT). Paddington is also a graduate with a bachelor's degree in geography at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Paddington competed only in the men's 200 m freestyle at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He eclipsed a FINA B-cut of 1:55.05 from the Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He challenged four other swimmers in heat one, including Uzbekistan's two-time Olympian Oleg Tsvetkovskiy. Entering the race with a fastest-seeded time, he faded shortly to third place by 0.47 seconds behind Tsvetkovskiy in 1:55.40. Paddington failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed forty-seventh overall in the prelims.
# Protea nubigena

Protea nubigena, commonly known as cloud sugarbush, is a very rare species of a flowering shrub belonging to the Protea genus. It is endemic to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and is found in the uKhahlamba Basalt Grassland within the Royal Natal National Park, near Mont-Aux-Sources, at an altitude of about 2,250 metres (7,380 ft) in well-drained, humus-rich soil on shaded slopes.

## Description

The plant grows as an erect shrub which is up to 70 cm (28 in) high, and blooms from March to April. It is a long-lived species, and survives fires by resprouting from underground boles or rootstocks. The plant is monoecious with both sexes in each flower; the wind-dispersed seeds are not stored on the plant and are released immediately after ripening. It is pollinated by birds.

## Conservation

It is listed as 'critically endangered' on the SANBI red list, as the population of mature individual plants within the one known location are in decline, mostly due to poor fire management.
# Canton of Épernay-1

The canton of Épernay-1 is an administrative division of the Marne department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Épernay.
It consists of the following communes:
* Ambonnay
* Avenay-Val-d'Or
* Aÿ-Champagne
* Bouzy
* Champillon
* Cumières
* Dizy
* Épernay (partly)
* Fontaine-sur-Ay
* Germaine
* Hautvillers
* Magenta
* Mardeuil
* Mutigny
* Nanteuil-la-Forêt
* Saint-Imoges
* Tours-sur-Marne
* Val-de-Livre
# Greengate

Greengate is the name of several places in the United Kingdom:
* Greengate, Greater Manchester
* Greengate, London
* Greengate, Salford

## Other

* Greengate Centre
* Greengate Power Corporation
* Greengate House (in Greengate, East London)
* List of United Kingdom locations: Gree-Gz
* SS Greengate, a Singaporean steamship
# Sinkyone Wilderness State Park

Sinkyone Wilderness State Park is a state park in Mendocino County, California. The wilderness area borders the Pacific Ocean to the west and the King Range National Conservation Area to the north. The nearest settlement is the unincorporated town of Leggett. The lack of major road and highway access has led to the Sinkyone Wilderness area being referred to as the Lost Coast.

## History

The area takes its name from the native Sinkyone tribe of the area. It was a fertile hunting ground for the Native Americans, providing nearly constant access to fresh fish and meat from the ocean, especially important during the winter months.
Further development through the years saw trails and roads cut through the area for business and industry, both for logging access to the raw timber, and for access to the native tanbark for the San Francisco tanneries. Logging operations continued well into the 20th century.
# Rubus conanicutensis

Rubus conanicutensis called the Conanicut Island blackberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the State of Rhode Island in the northeastern United States; particularly, on its namesake island, Conanicut Island] in Narragansett Bay, which is part of the town of Jamestown, Rhode Island.
The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.
# Applied engineering

Applied engineering may refer to:
* Applied engineering (field), a professional field combining management, design, and technical skills
* Applied Engineering, a hardware vendor for the Apple II series of computers
# The Adventure of the Dark Angels

"The Adventure of the Dark Angels" is a Sherlock Holmes murder mystery by Adrian Conan Doyle, the youngest son of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the Sherlock Holmes creator. The story was published in the 1954 collection The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes. It was first published in Collier's on 7 August 1953, and was illustrated by Robert Fawcett in Collier's.

## Plot

Holmes and Dr. Watson arrive at their residence to discover that Daphne Ferrers is waiting to consult with Holmes about the behavior of her father, Josua Ferrers of Abbotstanding in Hampshire. Not only has her father selected the most isolated abode after retiring from his business interests in Sicily, but he has become even more reclusive and agitated due to the appearance of pictures of angels of death on his property. After a few calculations, Holmes knows that he must move quickly to prevent a tragedy, but arrives too late to save Josua Ferrers' life.
# Watkin Owen Pell

Sir Watkin Owen Pell (1788 – 29 December 1869) was a British Royal Navy admiral.

## Biography

Pell was the son of Samuel Pell of Sywell Hall, Northamptonshire, and, on the mother's side, grandson of Owen Owen of Llaneyher, Denbighshire. He entered the navy in April 1799 on board the Loire, and on 6 February 1800 lost his left leg in the capture of the French frigate Pallas, supported by a battery on one of the Seven Islands (James, iii. 6). He was consequently discharged, and remained on shore for the next two years, at the end of which time he rejoined the Loire. After serving in various ships on the home and West Indian stations, he was promoted on 11 November 1806 to be lieutenant of the Mercury frigate, then on the Newfoundland station, and afterwards in the Mediterranean, where, as first lieutenant in command of the Mercury's boats, he repeatedly distinguished himself in cutting out gunboats or small armed vessels on the coast of Spain or Italy, and on one occasion, on 1 April 1809, was severely wounded in the right arm (ib. v. 37). In August 1809 he was presented by the Patriotic Society with 80l. for the purchase of a sword, and on 29 March 1810 was promoted to the rank of commander. In the following October he was appointed to the Thunder bomb, and was during the next two years mainly employed in the defence of Cadiz. On 9 October 1813, as he was returning to England to be paid off, he fell in with and, after a sharp engagement, captured the Neptune privateer, of much superior force, for which, and other good service, he was advanced to post rank on 1 Nov. 1813. From 1814 to 1817 he commanded the Menai frigate on the coast of North America. In May 1833 he commissioned the Forte, and in her acted as senior officer on the Jamaica station till March 1837. On his return to England he was knighted by the queen, and, in accordance with the intention of William IV, was nominated a K.C.H. by the king of Hanover. In 1840 he was appointed to the Howe, and in August 1841 to be superintendent of HM Victualling Yard, Deptford, from which he was shortly after moved to be superintendent of Sheerness dockyard, and in December to be superintendent of Pembroke dockyard, where he remained till February 1845, when he was appointed a commissioner of Greenwich Hospital. He became a rear-admiral on 5 September 1848, vice-admiral on 28 December 1855, and admiral on 11 February 1861.
He died on 29 December 1869 and was buried in Charlton Cemetery in southeast London.
# Today Art Museum

The Today Art Museum is a museum located in Beijing.
# Shawky Hussein Mohmoud

Shawky Hussein Mohmoud is an Egyptian former football coach who last managed the Liberia national football team in 2006.

## Liberia

Originally taking charge of the Liberia national team under a four-year contract in February 2006 through an agreement between the Liberian and Egyptian governments, Mohmoud relinquished his role as head coach just four months later, citing "poor facilities" among other causes as the reasons for his resignation. He was also not provided a car by the local FA.
# Horton Creek

Horton Creek may refer to:
* Horton Creek (Arizona)
* Horton Creek (Oxbow Creek), in Pennsylvania
* Horton Creek (Tunkhannock Creek), in Pennsylvania
# Canton of Ébreuil

The canton of Ébreuil is a former administrative division in central France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 14 communes, which joined the canton of Gannat in 2015. It had 4,601 inhabitants (2012).
The canton comprised the following communes:
* Bellenaves
* Chirat-l'Église
* Chouvigny
* Coutansouze
* Ébreuil
* Échassières
* Lalizolle
* Louroux-de-Bouble
* Nades
* Naves
* Sussat
* Valignat
* Veauce
* Vicq

## Demographics

Historical population of Canton of Ébreuil (Source: INSEE) :
| Year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 |
| Population | 5 096 | 5 922 | 5 146 | 4 714 | 4 267 | 4 421 |
| From the year 1962 on: No double counting—residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) are counted only once. |||||||
# Buick XP2000

The Buick XP2000 or XP-2000 was the name of a concept car produced by Buick of General Motors (GM). It was assembled in 1995 by GM's Australian division Holden, and first showcased at the North American International, Chicago, and Los Angeles auto shows that same year. Styled similarly to the then-current Commodore model, the XP2000 featured a number of new technologies that would eventually make their way into future GM vehicles. As of October 2016, the XP2000 concept is currently a part of the collection of the J.A. Cooley Museum in San Diego, California.

## History and development

General Motors, parent company of Buick and Holden, took an interest in rebadging a Commodore for the Buick lineup in 1994. As such, GM allocated the funding to Holden to manufacture a portion of the next Commodore platform in left-hand-drive (LHD). The project, known as "GMX 127" or "Project 127", culminated the next year in the XP2000 concept, though the project was scrapped the following year due to financial concerns. Following the cancellation, Buick general manager Ed Mertz reportedly noted that some of the car's new technological features would probably be offered soon on other models.
Despite being scrapped, the adaption of the VT's underpinnings to LHD would not go unused. This architecture would go on to be used in the Chevrolet Lumina and its rebadged variants, as well as in shortened form for the fifth-generation Pontiac GTO.
As of at least October 2016, the concept vehicle is a part of installations at the J.A. Cooley Museum in San Diego.

## Technology

Much of the work done to produce the XP2000 was focused upon its internal technologies, showcasing future systems intended to improve driver safety, comfort, and convenience. A suite of assistance features were a part of the vehicle, including keyless entry, heads-up display, voice recognition, advanced sectioned climate control, a navigation system, automated seat and mirror adjustment, and a crude version of lane keep assist, among others. Many of these features, while standard or optional on most vehicles today, were considered new and innovative in the mid-90s, having little or no application at that time. Additionally, the vehicle featured eight airbags, more than the typical two of the period.
# Ruby's Torch

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Austin Chronicle | |
| Manchester Evening News | |
| No Depression | (average) |
| Q | |
Ruby's Torch is a 2006 Nanci Griffith album on Rounder Records. It is a collection of torch songs penned by Griffith and various other artists, including Tom Waits, Jimmy Webb and Donal MacDonagh Long. All the songs are produced with lush backing arrangements from a string orchestra.

## Track listing

* "When I Dream" (Sandy Mason) 3:29
* "If These Walls Could Speak" (Jimmy Webb) 3:40
* "Ruby's Arms" (Tom Waits) 5:28
* "Never Be The Sun" (Donal MacDonagh Long) 3:57
* "Bluer Than Blue" (Charles Goodrum) 3:18
* "Brave Companion of the Road" (Nanci Griffith) 3:29
* "Grapefruit Moon" (Tom Waits) 4:20
* "Please Call Me, Baby" (Tom Waits) 4:11
* "Late Night Grand Hotel" (Nanci Griffith) 2:53
* "In the Wee Small Hours of the Morning" (David Mann, Bob Hilliard) 2:51
* "Drops From The Faucet" (Frank Christian) 4:07

## Personnel

* Larry Paxton - acoustic bass, electric guitar, acoustic guitar
* Michael Johnson - acoustic guitar
* Anthony La Marchina - cello
* John Catchings - cello
* Sari Reist - cello
* Kristin Wilkinson - conductor, violin
* Pat McInerney - drums, percussion
* Roger Weismeyer - oboe
* James Hooker - piano, organ
* Neil Rosengarden - trumpet
* Larry Paxton - tuba [sousaphone]
* David Davidson - viola
* Gary Vanosdale - viola
* Jim Grosjean - viola
* Conni Ellisor - violin
* David Angell - violin
* Mary Kathryn Vanosdale - violin
* Monisa Angell - violin
* Pamela Sixfin - violin