OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Egtved Runestone

55°37′11.64″N 9°18′1.43″E﻿ / ﻿55.6199000°N 9.3003972°E﻿ / 55.6199000; 9.3003972
The Egtved Runestone or DR 37 is a Viking Age runestone engraved in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark runic alphabet. It was discovered in 1863, by a master mason named Anders Nielsen from Starup, in the southern part of the cemetery of Egtved church. It is dated to the period 900–1020. The stone is in granite and measures 80 cm in height, 55 cm in width and 43 cm in thickness. The style of the runestone is the runestone style RAK.
In an article Lis Jacobsen (Jacobsen 1935: 185–94) discussed possible interpretations that were not included in the standard work Danmarks Runeindskrifter 1941-42. She said that the phrase "brōðiʀ æft brōður" and "stæinn sāsi" connect the inscription to a group of warrior band inscriptions, i.e. the Hällestad Runestones and the Sjörup Runestone, which are connected to the Jomsvikings and the legendary Battle of the Fýrisvellir in Uppland, Sweden. However, the inscription is challenging to read and Jacobsen's interpretation is rather uncertain. Jacobsen suggests that the runes suiu refer to the location Svia in Vaksala parish, Uppland, Sweden; an interpretation that is contested (Peterson 2007: 321). However, the Scandinavian Runic-text Database accepts Jacobsen's analysis and does not add a question mark to it, as can be seen below.

## Inscription

...at
fai(n)
Fain,
(t)u
do
i
i
suiu
Swiu.
raist
Rest
...uþiʀ
[br]oþiʀ
aft
æft
bruþur
broþur.
stain
Sten
sasi
sasi
skarni
... ... ...at ' fai(n) ['] (t)u ÷ i suiu ' raist ¶ ... ...uþiʀ ' aft ' bruþur ¶ stain ' sasi ' skarni ' ...
... ... ... Fain, do i Swiu. Rest ... [br]oþiʀ æft broþur. Sten sasi ... ...
"... ... ... (the) Coloured, (who) died in Svía. Raised ... brother in memory of brother. This stone ... ... "
# Anna Maria of Hesse-Kassel

Anna Maria of Hesse-Kassel (27 January 1567, Kassel – 21 November 1626, Neunkirchen) was a princess of Hesse-Kassel by birth and by marriage Countess of Nassau-Saarbrücken.

## Life

Anna Maria was the eldest daughter of Landgrave William IV of Hesse-Kassel (1532–1592) from his marriage to Sabine (1549–1581), daughter of Duke Christopher of Württemberg.
She married on 8 June 1589 in Kassel Count Louis II of Nassau-Weilburg (1565–1627). He had met Anna Maria during his Grand Tour and had been well received by Anna Maria's father and her uncle Louis IV. In 1590 the couple moved in with Louis's father, Albert in Ottweiler. In 1593 Louis took over the government in Nassau-Weilburg.
Anna Maria helped organize the poor relief and set up a court pharmacy.
In 1626 Anna Maria fled from the plague from Saarbrücken to Neunkirchen where she died of the plague. Anna Maria was buried in the crypt of the collegiate church of St. Arnual in Saarbrücken. A few years earlier, she had built an impressive tomb for three of her children and now she was buried in this tomb herself.

## Offspring

From her marriage with Louis, Anna Maria had the following children:
* William Louis (1590–1640), Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken
    married in 1615 princess Anna Amalia of Baden-Durlach (1595-1651)
* Anna Sabine (1591–1593)
* Albrecht (1593–1595)
* Sophie Amalie (1594–1612)
* Georg Adolf (1595–1596)
* Philipp (1597–1621)
* Luise Juliane (1598–1622)
* Moritz (1599–1601)
* Karl Ernst (1600–1604)
* Marie Elisabeth (1602–1626)
    married in 1624 Count Frederick X of Leiningen-Dagsburg (1593-1651)
* John (1603–1677), Count of Nassau-Idstein
    married firstly in 1644 Princess Magdalene Sibylle of Baden-Durlach (1605-1644)
    married secondly in 1646 Countess Anna of Leiningen (1625-1668)
* Dorothea (1605–1620)
* Ernest Casimir (1607–1655), Count of Nassau-Weilburg
    married in 1634 Countess Anna Maria of Sayn-Wittgenstein (1610-1656)
* Otto (1610–1632), Count of Nassau-Weilburg in Neuweilnau
# Cephonodes xanthus

Cephonodes xanthus is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu, Tanegashima, Tokara Island and the Ryukyu Archipelago).
It resembles Cephonodes janus janus and Cephonodes trochilus in the unicolorous green upperside of the abdomen, and the latter especially in the somewhat deeper tint posteriorly. It is distinguishable from both by the broader forewing apical patch and the black abdominal tuft. The upperside of the abdomen is unicolorous green. The anal tuft is black and only the dorso-lateral scales are yellow. The underside of the head, thorax and abdomen are orange.
# Karawal Nagar

Karawal Nagar is a census town in North East Delhi, India.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Karawal Nagar had a population of 224,281. Karawal Nagar, was also in centre of the 2020 Delhi riots. .
Karawal Nagar is well connected to other parts of Delhi through Delhi Metro, DTC buses, Cabs, shared and hired auto rickshaws, and Gramin Sewa. The nearest metro station to Karawal Nagar is Johri Enclave Metro and Shiv Vihar Metro Station. The distance between Karawal Nagar and Johri Enclave metro station is just 1.8 km. Majority of people living here use Delhi Metro, shared auto and DTC buses.

## Nearby places

* Sabhapur 0 km
* Shahid Bhagat Singh Colony 0.9 km
* Police Training School 1.5 km
* Dayalpur 1.6 km
* Biharipur Extension 1.6 km
* Sonia Vihar 1.6 km
* CRPF Camp, Delhi-94 1.8 km
* Indira Vihar 1.9
* North East Delhi 2.4 km
* Ghaziabad District 19 km
* Delhi University = 7 km
* ISBT = 10 km
* Anand Vihar = 12.5 km
* Old Delhi Railway Station = 12 km
* New Delhi Railway Station = 15 km
* Rajiv Chowk (CP) = 22 km
* Sadat pur extn = 0.4 km
* David Sr. Sec. School = 1.1 km
* New Babu Nagar F.K Ansari = 1.2 km
* Govt. School Dayalpur = 1.2 km
* Dayalpur Re-settlement colony = 1.5 km
* Khajuri Khas Colony = 1.6 km
* New chauhan pur -500 meter.
# Yenicə, Agdash

Yenicə (also, Yengidzha and Yenidzha) is a village and municipality in the Agdash Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,545.
# Saint-Jean River

Saint-Jean River or Rivière-Saint-Jean may refer to:

## Canada

* Rivière-Saint-Jean, Quebec, a municipality in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec
* Saint John River (Bay of Fundy) (French: Fleuve Saint-Jean), a river in Northern Maine, United States, and New Brunswick, Canada
* Saint-Jean River (Gaspé), a tributary of Gaspé Bay in the unorganized territory of Rivière-Saint-Jean, Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec
* Saint-Jean River (La Pocatière), a tributary of St Lawrence river in Quebec
* Saint-Jean River (Lavaltrie), a tributary of St Lawrence river in Quebec; see List of rivers of Quebec#North shore of St Lawrence river – between Repentigny and Trois-Rivières
* Saint-Jean River (Minganie), a tributary of the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Quebec
* Saint-Jean River (Saguenay River tributary), a river in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec

## Elsewhere

* Grande Rivière Saint-Jean, a river of Réunion island in the Indian Ocean
# Rorippa subumbellata

Rorippa subumbellata is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common names Lake Tahoe yellowcress and Tahoe yellow cress. It is known only from the shores of Lake Tahoe, straddling the border between California and Nevada. There are an estimated fourteen populations of the plant still in existence. It grows only on the direct shoreline of the lake, occupying a seven-foot semi-aquatic zone between the high- and low-tide marks. It is directly impacted by recreational activities on the lake, enduring bombardment by boat wakes, trampling, and construction of docks and other structures.
This perennial herb produces spreading, branching, hairy stems up to 20 centimeters long. The leaves are 1 to 3 centimeters long, oblong or lance-shaped, and wavy along the edges or divided into lobes. The inflorescence is a compact raceme of mustardlike flowers with yellow petals each about 3 millimeters long. The fruit is a hairless silique a few millimeters wide containing tiny seeds.
The population sizes change with the lake's water level, with populations growing largest as water levels drop, exposing more sand habitat. High water levels may be beneficial at times, however, since they kill off competing plant species growing on the beaches. Restoration of this species has been hampered by low seed germination, but recent research has reduced this problem.
# Sergei Skorykh

Sergei Skorykh (born 25 May 1984) is a Kazakh football midfielder.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 11 November 2018
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Esil Bogatyr | 2001 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 3 | 1 | | | - | - | - | - | 3 | 1 |
| Esil Bogatyr | 2002 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 31 | 4 | | | - | - | - | - | 31 | 4 |
| Esil Bogatyr | Total | Total | 34 | 5 | | | - | - | - | - | 34 | 5 |
| Irtysh | 2003 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 28 | 4 | | | - | - | - | - | 28 | 4 |
| Irtysh | 2004 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 28 | 1 | | | - | - | - | - | 28 | 1 |
| Irtysh | 2005 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 8 | 0 | | | - | - | - | - | 8 | 0 |
| Irtysh | Total | Total | 64 | 5 | | | - | - | - | - | 64 | 5 |
| Tobol | 2006 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 19 | 0 | | | - | - | - | - | 19 | 0 |
| Tobol | 2007 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 27 | 1 | | | - | - | - | - | 27 | 1 |
| Tobol | 2008 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 27 | 2 | | | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Tobol | 2009 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 23 | 5 | | | 2 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Tobol | Total | Total | 96 | 8 | | | 3 | 0 | - | - | 99 | 8 |
| Shakhter Karagandy | 2010 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 20 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 24 | 1 |
| Zhetysu | 2011 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 30 | 1 | | | - | - | - | - | 30 | 1 |
| Zhetysu | 2012 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 25 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 30 | 1 |
| Zhetysu | 2013 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 14 | 0 |
| Zhetysu | Total | Total | 69 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 74 | 2 |
| Taraz | 2013 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 16 | 1 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 18 | 1 |
| Taraz | 2014 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 27 | 2 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 30 | 2 |
| Taraz | Total | Total | 43 | 3 | 4 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 48 | 3 |
| Kaisar | 2015 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 9 | 0 |
| Shakhter Karagandy | 2015 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 |
| Shakhter Karagandy | 2016 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 30 | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 31 | 2 |
| Shakhter Karagandy | 2017 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 20 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 23 | 0 |
| Shakhter Karagandy | Total | Total | 51 | 2 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 55 | 2 |
| Kyzylzhar | 2018 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 21 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 405 | 26 | 15 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 428 | 26 |

### International

Kazakhstan national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2003 | 2 | 0 |
| 2004 | 0 | 0 |
| 2005 | 0 | 0 |
| 2006 | 1 | 0 |
| 2007 | 10 | 0 |
| 2008 | 7 | 0 |
| 2009 | 5 | 0 |
| 2010 | 2 | 0 |
| 2011 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 28 | 0 |
Statistics accurate as of match played 1 December 2014
# Kwajalein Atoll High School

Kwajalein Atoll High School is a secondary school in Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. It is a part of the Marshall Islands Public School System.
The school serves the following atolls and islands: Kwajalein, Lae, Ujae, and Wotto.
# Xóc đĩa

Xóc đĩa (Chữ Nôm: 觸碟) is a gambling game, originated and widespread in Vietnam. The game probably originated around 1909. This game is considered illegal by the governmental authorities because it's thought to be linked with criminal activities and gambling is defined as an illegal act in the Vietnamese Criminal Code.

## Playing

It is played with 4 coin shaped tokens in 4 different colors.
| Combination | Possibility |
| black black red red | 1/16 |
| black black grey grey | 1/16 |
| red red grey grey | 1/16 |
| grey grey grey grey | 1/16 |
| black black red grey | 2/16 |
| red red black grey | 2/16 |
| black grey grey grey | 2/16 |
| red grey grey grey | 2/16 |
| black red grey grey | 4/16 |
# Starry Night (album)

Starry Night is a 1990 album by Julio Iglesias. It contains covers of popular songs from the 1950s, '60s and '70s.

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^^$ |
| Belgium (BEA) | Gold | |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | Platinum | 750,000 |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 100,000$^^$ |
| Malaysia | Platinum | |
| Netherlands (NVPI) | Platinum | 100,000$^^$ |
| Singapore (RIAS) | Platinum | |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Platinum | 100,000$^^$ |
| South Korea (KMCA) | 3× Platinum | |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) DVD | Gold | 50,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# William Scott (cricketer, born 1845)

William Ainslie Scott (c. 1845 – 17 June 1899) was an English cricketer active in 1874 who played for Lancashire. He died in Bolton. He appeared in one first-class match, scoring 14 runs with a highest score of 9.
# Yeni Qazma

41°32′24″N 48°39′59″E﻿ / ﻿41.54000°N 48.66639°E﻿ / 41.54000; 48.66639
Yeni Qazma (also, Sudurkazma) is a village in the Khachmaz Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# John Cyril Campbell

John Cyril Campbell was an English athlete and football coach, the first of Panathinaikos (at that time Podosfairikos Omilos Athinon - Football Club of Athens).
He settled in Athens where he managed an English fashion house.
After a serious accident, he returned to England in 1914.
# James Wise

James Wise may refer to:
* James Wise (civil surgeon) (died 1886), British civil surgeon in Dhaka, British India
* James E. Wise Jr., U.S. Navy officer
* James H. Wise (bishop) (died 1939), bishop of Kansas in the Episcopal Church
* James H. Wise (politician) (1912–1976), American politician
* James W. Wise (1868–1925), U.S. Representative from Georgia
# Long Live the Queens!

Long Live the Queens! (aka The Platinum Collection) is the second compilation album by UK pop-rock project Shakespears Sister.

## Background

Long Live the Queens was released as part of Warner Bros. Records' Platinum Collection series, and thus is often referred to as such. As opposed to the greatest hits-oriented The Best of Shakespear's Sister, the album is compiled of rarities and unreleased tracks & mixes, many of which making their debut on CD. "Pretty Boy", for instance, was previously only released on a promotional 12" vinyl of "Break My Heart (You Really)".
# William Beck

William Beck may refer to:
* William King Beck (fl. 1820s), namesake of the William King Beck House, a historic plantation near Camden, Alabama
* William Beck (Wisconsin politician) (1823–1911), American politician from Wisconsin
* William Beck (architect) (fl. 1860s), London Quaker architect
* William Thomas Beck (1865–1947), New Zealand Army officer
* William W. Beck (1870–1923), American politician from Maryland
* William Beck (cyclist) (1899–1975), American cyclist
* William Beck (Dean of Worcester) (1884–1957), British Anglican clergyman
* William F. Beck (1904–1966), Lutheran minister and translator of the Bible
* William Beck (alpine skier) (1929–2017), American alpine skier
* William Beck Sr. (born 1934), Republican member of the Montana Legislature
* William Beck (actor), Welsh-born English actor
# Lazar Tomanović

Lazar Tomanović, PhD (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Лазар Томановић; 3 September 1845 – 2 November 1932) was a Montenegrin and Dalmatian Serb writer, politician and diplomat, who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Montenegro, as well the first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Montenegro, under the regime of King Nikola I.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Lazar Tomanović was born on 3 September 1845 in Lepetane, a village near Herceg Novi in Bay of Kotor. At the time it was part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia within the Austrian Empire. Having finished elementary and secondary school in Herceg Novi, Tomanović studied in Novi Sad and Budapest and received his doctorate in law in Graz. He was a member of Parliament of Dalmatia (Diet) as representative of Serb People's Party in the Kingdom of Dalmatia.

### Prime Minister of Montenegro

He became Prime Minister of Montenegro with support of Royalist True People's Party in April 1907 and held the office for several terms until June 1912. He also served Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Justice of Montenegro. During his second term, Montenegro was proclaimed a sovereign kingdom.
# Quicksilver Open

The Ben Hogan Quicksilver Open was a golf tournament on the Ben Hogan Tour. It ran from 1990 to 1992, during which time it was the richest event on the tour. It was played at Quicksilver Golf Club in the Pittsburgh suburb of Midway, Pennsylvania.
In 1992 the winner earned $50,000.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| Ben Hogan Quicksilver Open ||||||
| 1992 | John Flannery | 277 | −11 | 3 strokes | Steve Lowery |
| 1991 | Lon Hinkle | 210 | −6 | 2 strokes | Andy Morse Rick Pearson Joey Rassett |
| 1990 | R. W. Eaks | 212 | −4 | 2 strokes | Brandel Chamblee Ed Humenik Dick Mast |
# Streptomyces karpasiensis

Streptomyces karpasiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Karpaz National Park in Magusa in Cyprus.
# Karen Attard

Karen Attard (born 1958) is an Australian writer of fantasy and short fiction.

## Biography

Attard's first work to be published was in 1975 with a poem published by Meuse Press, entitled Like an Omen. In 1995 she published a poetry collection published by Five Islands Press entitled Whisper Dark and a short story, Harvest Bay which was featured in the Eidolon (Australian magazine) magazine. Harvest Bay won the 1995 Aurealis Award for best fantasy short story. In 1997 she released two more short stories which were both featured in the Eidolon magazine.
# John Barr (shinty)

John Barr (born 1982) is a Scottish international shinty player from Abriachan, Scotland. He has mainly played as a defender, for Glenurquhart Shinty Club where he has also been assistant manager.

## Early life and education

Barr attended Charleston Academy in Inverness. He attended Robert Gordon University and graduated in 2009.

## Shinty career

Barr has represented Scotland at all levels of shinty, most recently in 2009.
He is known for a physically dominant style of play. The crowd at the 2009 Scotland-Ireland international enjoyed the good humoured chant "John Barr ate my car".
In 2006, he was part of the Scottish University Shinty Men's squad and having performed so well as a hurler, he received a Universities Hurling All Star honour in recognition of this.

### International shinty

His first senior cap was in 2005 and in October 2015 he gained his fourteenth cap as captain of Scotland against Ireland in the first leg of the cross-code Shinty-Hurling at Bight Park in Inverness. Scotland won the tie.
Barr has acted as a Trustee on the Board of RGU union since 2014.
# James Winter Scott

James Winter Scott (26 May 1799 – 4 January 1873) was a British Whig politician from Hampshire.
Scott was the son of James Scott who was MP for Bridport from 1820 to 1826.
On 24 January 1828, he married Lucy Jervoise, daughter of Sir Samuel Clarke Jervoise: Scott's brother-in-law, Jervoise, was an MP for the neighbouring South Hampshire seat.
Scott was elected at the 1832 general election as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the newly created Northern division of Hampshire. He was re-elected in 1835, but retired from the House of Commons at the 1837 general election. He made no recorded contribution to debates.
He was nominated as High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1861 and in 1862, and after a third nomination in 1863 he was appointed to the office in 1864, when his address was given as Rotherfield Park, Alton.
Scott and his wife had eight children. The family lived at Rotherfield Park, East Tisted.
# Logan Allen (actor)

Logan Allen is an American actor. On television, he portrayed Kyle Towsend and Jake in the Netflix series Sweet Magnolias and Stranger Things respectively. He also appeared in the television series Talia in the Kitchen and played Kevin Ryan in the film Bernie the Dolphin (2018).

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2014 | Birthday Boy | Classmate | Short film |
| 2014 | Don't Tell Your Mother | Barry | Short film |
| 2014 | Fit Arcade Gone Wild | Zeek | Short film |
| 2018 | Bernie the Dolphin | Kevin Ryan | |
| 2019 | Bernie the Dolphin 2 | Kevin Ryan | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2015 | Talia in the Kitchen | Cousin Vinnie | 7 episodes |
| 2019 | Creepshow | Harold | 1 episode |
| 2022 | Stranger Things | Jake | 3 episodes |
| 2020–present | Sweet Magnolias | Kyle Townsend | Series regular |
# Rain check (baseball)

In baseball, a rain check is a ticket issued to spectators which admits them to the ballpark at a later date at no additional cost to the ticket holder. It is issued if a game is cancelled due to rain or other inclement weather, or if a game has been started but suspended due to inclement weather prior to the point of becoming an official game (five innings in regular season Major League Baseball games or at any time during the postseason). Depending on the home team/league policy and the rescheduling of the game, the rain check may admit the ticket holder to watch the rained out game or the continuation of a suspended game only on the rescheduled date, or it may allow the ticket holder to exchange the tickets for tickets of equal value to another game within a specified time frame.
Rain checks were originally separate tickets issued by the home team to spectators as they left the ballpark following a rainout. In modern times, the ticket to the rained out game serves as the rain check. The practice has been recorded since the 1870s – though it did not become generally established until the 20th century – and today the term "rain check" is used idiomatically to refer to any deferred promise.

## History

The institution of issuing tickets for games canceled due to rain dates at least to 1870, while the term rain check dates to at least 1877; in the National League it was pioneered by the St. Louis Brown Stockings:
   The St. Louis club is the only nine in the league which gives its patrons the right to see a full game or no pay. In Chicago and other cities, after the first inning is interrupted by rain the spectators are supposed to have received their money's worth. In St. Louis 'rain checks' are issued in such cases.
Originally a rain check for a canceled game was simply a ticket valid for a future game – in lieu of a refund – not specifically for a makeup game. Further, at the time clubs would sell reusable hard cardboard tickets, which were turned in at the admissions gate, then resold at the box office at the conclusion of the game. Originally rain checks were issued to spectators as they exited, but this resulted in severe losses to clubs, due to free-riders and fence-climbers also getting tickets. This was solved by Abner Powell circa 1889 by using a stub on the original ticket as rain check. Powell is thus often incorrectly credited with inventing rain checks, while in fact he instead refined an existing practice.