OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Innes Review

The Innes Review is a biannual academic journal, published by Edinburgh University Press on behalf of the Scottish Catholic Historical Association in May and November of each year. It was founded in 1950 and covers the part played by the Catholic Church in Scottish history. It includes all aspects of Scottish history and culture, especially ones related to religious history.
The journal is named after Thomas Innes.
# Porandla, Jagtial district

Porandla is a village in Jagtial Rural mandal, Jagtial district, in the Indian state of Telangana.
# Video router

A video router, also known as a video matrix switch or SDI router, is an electronic switch designed to route video signals from multiple input sources such as cameras, VT/DDR, computers and DVD players, to one or more display devices, such as monitors, projectors, and TVs.

## Inputs and outputs

The number of inputs and outputs varies dramatically. Routers are normally described by number of inputs by number of outputs e.g. 2x1, 256x256, 576x1152. Some video routers, by the use of additional drop-in cards, allow the system to be expanded for more inputs or outputs, or to support other formats.

## Signals

The signal format that the router transports can be anything from analogue composite video using PAL and NTSC. Also multi-format routers can route more than one Digital video signal format, serial digital interface (SDI), HD-SDI, component video. Some routers have the ability to internally convert digital to analog and analog to digital. For HD Video, HDMI Matrix switch can be used to switch any HDMI source to any connected HDTV using a HDMI connection.
More recent developments have allowed audio embedding and de-embedding within the router, this allows for audio to be routed along with video.

## Crosspoints

Because any of the sources can be routed to any destination, the internal arrangement of the router is arranged as a number of crosspoints which can be activated to pass the corresponding source signal to the desired destination. This architecture has guaranteed bandwidth and is non-blocking.
Crosspoints can also be switched in the vertical interval to avoid losing picture information, for this the router would need to be genlocked to either black and burst or tri-level sync.

## Control

Many types of broadcast automation systems can be used to control a video router via IP or serial communications such as RS-422. Video routers can also be controlled by other types of user interfaces, including front panel buttons, IR remote control, or application software running on a PC.

## Future prospects

With the advent of 4K/UHD TV, the traditional 'baseband' video router has become something of a victim to the data rates. UHD TV requires 3840x2160P @ 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Traditional crosspoint based devices have therefore been reduced in size by a factor of 4 as the UHD signal is split into 4x1080P@50 Hz/60 Hz 3 Gb/s streams. A few smaller manufacturers (Blackmagic Design, Utah Scientific, Ross Video, PESA) have taken on 12 Gb/s routing over copper coax cable and fiber. Although their router sizes cannot compete with the ~576x1152 size of HD routers, and the distance achievable on copper is somewhat limited. This may mean that baseband architectures start to migrate over to IP based infrastructures. Where UHD TV can be transmitted (albeit compressed) over a single 10 Gb/s link using IT hardware.

## Manufacturers

* Ampex
* Blackmagic Design
* Evertz Microsystems
* Imagine Communications
* Pulse-Eight
* Sony
* Thomson Grass Valley
# Coyne Fletcher

Lydia Coyne Fletcher (about 1853 – March 2, 1904) was an Irish-American playwright and novelist.

## Early life and education

Fletcher was born in Dublin, Ireland and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. Her uncle Charles Leonard Fletcher was a playwright in New York City, and ran an acting school there. "Coyne" was her grandmother's family name; dramatist Joseph Stirling Coyne was her cousin.

## Career

Fletcher was a governess as a young woman. She was a postal clerk in Washington, D.C., and wrote novels and plays. She was a charter member of the Association of American Authors when it was founded in 1892. She adapted her military comedy A Bachelor's Baby for the stage, and it was produced in Tennessee and Washington in 1895, and on Broadway in 1897. Olga Nethersole was cast to star in her play Yvolna (1898), based on Salammbo by Flaubert.
Beyond fiction and plays, Fletcher's 1891 essay on the South Carolina lowlands is still cited as a useful first-hand account of the region a generation after the American Civil War. She went to court in 1902 concerning 32 acres of land in Washington, known as "Girl's Portion".

## Works

* The Moonshiners (1880)
* Brother Shadrack (1882)
* Glenflesk (1882)
* Outlawed (1882)
* Madge (1882)
* The Indians (1882, with Arthur McKee Rankin)
* The Americans (1883, with Arthur McKee Rankin)
* Me and Chummy (1890)
* A Bachelor's Baby (1886, 1891)
* "In the Lowlands of South Carolina" (1891, Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly)
* Who Am I? (1897)
* Yvolna (1898)
* An American Alliance (1899)
* Sans Culotte (1900)
* The Cardinal's Love Story (1901)
* A Cavalier of Maryland (1901)
* His Other Self (1903)
* An Irish Nobleman (1903)
* Mirabeau (1903)
* The Silence of the Judge (1903)

## Personal life and legacy

Fletcher was described as a "tall, handsome woman", a "strong character" and a "bachelor woman", with a knack for decorating and entertaining. She collected steel engravings and souvenir cushions. "As a dialect storyteller, she has no equal among any women I have known," wrote one reporter in 1894.
Fletcher died in 1904, at the age of 50, in a hospital in Washington, D.C. In 1909, a play named A Bachelor's Baby was produced by Charles Frohman in New York, without credit to Fletcher; her nephew sued to stop the production. The credited playwright, Francis Wilson, claimed that the works only shared a title. Three films were produced with essentially the same title: A Bachelor's Baby (1922), The Bachelor's Baby (1927) and Bachelor's Baby (1932); but none of them credited Fletcher's novel or play as source material.
# Peter van Heemst

Erik Peter van Heemst (born 10 July 1952 in Rotterdam) is a Dutch politician. From 1991 to 2006 he was a member of the House of Representatives for the Dutch Labour Party (PvdA). Since the municipal elections of 2006 he was the leader of the PvdA in Rotterdam, until his resignation on 27 March 2014.
Van Heemst studied law in Rotterdam, after which he became personal assistant to Hans Kombrink, member of parliament for the PvdA at that time. He was also a public housing staff member for the PvdA. From 1978 to 1991 he was a member of the provincial parliament of South Holland for the PvdA, and in 1987 he became a member of the provincial executive for urban renewal, recreation, nature and landscaping. In 1991 he became an MP for the PvdA.
When he left his post in 2006 to become leader of the PvdA in Rotterdam he was the longest-sitting member of the PvdA in the House of Representatives.

## House of Representatives

In 1996, Peter van Heemst, together with his Democrats 66 colleague Olga Scheltema, blocked the dividing of Rotterdam to create a city province. After that the Dutch government withdrew the entire plan.
Also in 1996 he helped create, together with fellow-townsman Benk Korthals (VVD) the 'Victor-act', which obliged owners of buildings in which drugs were being sold and/or used to renovate, redevelop and re-rent such buildings on the penalty of expropriation.
In the 2003 Peter van Heemst was the only one of the PvdA lower parliament members to oppose the compromise that the PvdA and the CDA agreed upon concerning the invasion of Iraq. He insisted that the PvdA broke off the ongoing negotiations between both parties regarding the formation of a new government.

## Rotterdam

In October 2005 van Heemst was chosen by his party members to lead the PvdA in the upcoming municipal elections in Rotterdam in 2006. He won the elections by receiving 60% of the votes. Other candidates were Dominic Schrijer, Matthijs van Muijen, and Bert Cremers. It was the first time that party members could directly choose their leader in a referendum.
On March 7, 2006, the PvdA and its leader van Heemst recorded a landslide victory in Rotterdam. In the municipal elections they recorded an increase in member seats from 11 to 18 (out of a total of 45). This was the biggest growth in the history of the PvdA in Rotterdam. A coalition with Livable Rotterdam (Leefbaar Rotterdam) (Marco Pastors' party, which received 14 member seats) was however out of the question due to Pastors' unwillingness. Therefore, van Heemst needed to create a coalition with the much smaller parties of CDA, VVD, and GreenLeft (GroenLinks). Van Heemst himself became head of the PvdA in the municipal council. On May 16, 2006, he resigned his commission as a member of the House of Representatives to be able to concentrate fully on his new function.
# Bila (river)

The Bila river is the largest tributary of the Lašva river. The Bila river flows past the settlements of Stara Bila and Nova Bila (transl. Old and New Bila), with a length of approximately 35 km. Originating from Vlašić mountain, in the area of Prelivode and Meupić mountain, it flows south to south-east toward Lašva valley where it spills into the Lašva river.
The aquifer form which the source of the Bila emerges is shared with the Vrbanja, Ilomska, and Ugar rivers of the Vrbas basin in the west, and the Bosna basin in the east, via rivers of the Usora and Lašva. This watershed is situated in the areal of mountains Meupić, Vučija Planina (transl. Wolf's Mountain), Usko Brdo (transl. Narrow Hill), Vijenac, Jasen and Divić, at approximately 1,300 to 1350 meters above sea level. On its way to the Lašva, the Bila runs through a valley between the Vlašić (1943 m) and Meokrnje (1,425 m) mountains, which is approximately 2.5 km wide near the confluence with the Lašva, passing through the villages of Bukovica and Mehurići. The river often floods the valley and has significant hydro potential.
The river Bila is rich in water as it drains from numerous small mountain rivers and streams, such as, on the right: the Suhi potok, Butetinac, Pašinac, Ribnjak, Trimuža and Kozica, and on the left: the Pržni and Javorački potok, Ramića Rijeka, Jasenica, and Rogačka Rijeka.
# Bulbithecium

Bulbithecium is a genus of fungi in the Hypocreales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Bulbithecium hyalosporum. The genus and species were published by Udagawa & T. Muroi in Bull. natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B Vol.16 (1) on page 14 in 1990.
# Lester Orlebeck

Lester Orlebeck (June 26, 1907 – August 2, 1970) was an American film editor and director who worked on more than 100 films and television shows between 1935 and 1970.

## Biography

Lester was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, to John Orlebeke and Mary Ellen Boyd. According to census records, his father's family was from Holland, and his mother's family hailed from Ireland. Lester moved to Los Angeles as a young man and found employment as a film editor and occasional director at Republic Studios. He helped make training films for the U.S. Air Force during World War II, during which time he was stationed in Dayton, Ohio. He died of a heart attack in Los Angeles, California, in 1970, at the age of 63.

## Selected filmography

* Ghost-Town Gold (1936)
* Range Defenders (1937)
* Come on, Cowboys (1937)
* The Old Barn Dance (1938)
* Billy the Kid Returns (1938)
* The Arizona Kid (1939)
* Rough Riders' Round-up (1939)
* Southward Ho (1939)
* Heroes of the Saddle (1940)
* The Ranger and the Lady (1940)
* Young Bill Hickok (1940)
* Pioneers of the West (1940)
* Prairie Pioneers (1941)
* Pals of the Pecos (1941)
* Saddlemates (1941)
* Outlaws of Cherokee Trail (1941)
* Gauchos of El Dorado (1941)
* West of Cimarron (1941)
* Nevada City (1941)
* Sunset on the Desert (1942)
* Shadows on the Sage (1942)
* Stagecoach to Denver (1946)
* Apache Rose (1947)
* Bells of San Angelo (1947)
* Teaserama (1955)
# John Fauvel

John Fauvel (21 July 1947 – 12 May 2001) was a British mathematician and historian of mathematics.

## Education

Fauvel was from Scotland, where his father was a principal. Ian Blair was a cousin.
John attended Trinity College, Glenalmond. He then studied mathematics at the University of Essex, where he graduated in 1970, and at the University of Warwick, where he obtained his master's degree in 1973. In 1977, he obtained his MPhil from the University of Warwick under the supervision of David Orme Tall, with a thesis entitled Fuzzy Theory.

## Career

From 1974, Fauvel worked at the Open University. From 1991 to 1994, he was President of the British Society for the History of Mathematics and he also edited its newsletter. From 1992 to 1996, he directed an international study group on the relations between history and mathematics pedagogy, which is affiliated with the International Commission for Mathematical Education (ICMI), and in 2000 he co-directed a major study of ICMI. In 1998, he was invited lecturer by the New Zealand Mathematical Society. Fauvel was a visiting scholar in the Mathematics Department at Colorado College on several occasions, including one on a Fulbright Fellowship during the Winter and Spring of 1999.
Fauvel died on 12 May 2001 of complications from liver disease.

## Publications

Fauvel is known as an editor of books on the history of mathematics, several of which have been translated.
* Fauvel, John; Flood, Raymond; Wilson, Robin, eds. (2003). Music and Mathematics: From Pythagoras to Fractals. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-851187-6. 2006 2nd edition. ISBN 0-19-929893-9.
* Fauvel, John; Flood, Raymond; Wilson, Robin, eds. (2000). Oxford Figures: 800 Years of the Mathematical Sciences. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-852309-2. 2013 2nd edition. ISBN 9780199681976.
* Fauvel, John; Flood, Raymond; Wilson, Robin, eds. (1993). Möbius and his band: Mathematics and astronomy in nineteenth-century Germany. Oxford University Press. ISBN 019853969X.
* Fauvel, John; Flood, Raymond; Shortland, Michael; Wilson, Robin, eds. (1988). Let Newton be!. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-853924-X.
* Edited with Jeremy Gray: The history of mathematics: A reader. Macmillan, 1987; 1997 pbk edition. Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 0333427912.
* Edited with Bengt Johansson, Frank Swetz, Otto Bekken, and Victor J. Katz: Learn from the Masters. MAA, 1994. 1995 pbk edition. ISBN 0-88385-703-0.
* Fauvel, John (December 1992). "Remembering Charles Babbage (1791–1871)". Interdisciplinary Science Reviews. 17 (4): 304–308. Bibcode:1992ISRv...17..304F. doi:10.1179/ISR.1992.17.4.304.
* Fauvel, J. (1990). Mathematics through history: a resource guide. York: QED Books. ISBN 0946544719; 47 pages{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
* Chant, Colin; Fauvel, John, eds. (1980). Darwin to Einstein: historical studies on science and belief. ISBN 0582491576.
# Wilzsch

The Wilzsch is a river in Saxony, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Zwickauer Mulde, which it joins near Schönheide.
# Portillo Castle

The Castillo de Portillo is a medieval castle in Portillo, in the province of Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain; the earliest elements of its present construction date to the fifteenth century.

## History

The site, 23 km from Valladolid, has been fortified since the tenth century, when it is documented in connection with Moorish forays into the region, under Abd al-Rahman III. In the fourteenth century, and until the early fifteenth, it was in the possession of the family of Sandoval; in 1392 it was confiscated from Diego Gómez de Sandoval in the name of King Juan II of Castile, who granted it in 1438 to Ruy Díaz de Mendoza. From 1448 to 1452, Portillo was occasionally held by Juan's favourite, Don Álvaro de Luna, although the fortress remained in royal hands. Don Álvaro, however, fell from favor, and was detained at Burgos, sent to Portillo until two months later he was tried at Valladolid, and subsequently beheaded in the main Plaza on 2 June 1453. In 1464 Enrique IV of Castile conferred it upon Alfonso, held in trust by Juan Pacheco, the prince's tutor, until his death (1474), though it had been ceded to Rodrigo Alfonso de Pimentel, whose heirs held it until the nineteenth century, when it passed to the family of Osuna.
As the history above indicates, Portillo is better known for the list of distinguished prisoners it has housed, than for being the site of battles or other events. Juan II of Castille was briefly imprisoned at Portillo in 1444 by the Conde de Castro, escaping by bribing one of his guardians. The chronicles also touch upon the fact that Don Enrique, brother of the admiral Don Fabrique y de Suero de Quiñones (who fought at Paso Honroso) was jailed here for conspiring against the crown.
The castle has been a national monument since 1931. It is a property of the University of Valladolid.
# Silver Rocket

"Silver Rocket" is both the second track and second single from Sonic Youth's 1988 album Daydream Nation. Like all the tracks on the album, the Daydream Nation version of “Silver Rocket” was recorded in the studio, whereas all editions of the single featured a live version of the song with alternate lyrics and were pressed in small runs by independent fanzines. The studio album version also appeared on the B-side of the 12” edition of the band's previous single, “Teen Age Riot.” A video was also produced for “Silver Rocket,” featuring a recording of the song different from any of those appearing on any of the band's singles or albums.
Sung by guitarist Thurston Moore, "Silver Rocket" has a main riff which shows the influence of punk rock. About 90 seconds into the song, the guitars are detuned and the song becomes a noise rock soundscape, before heading into the final verse and chorus.

## Formats and track listings

All versions of the “Silver Rocket” 7” single feature a live version of the song. In performance, Thurston Moore had changed the second verse of the song to include references to other musicians and pop social icons of the time including J. Mascis and Cher, and these alternate lyrics appear on the single.

### U.S. version

The American version of the "Silver Rocket" 7” was released by the house label for Forced Exposure magazine and made available only to the magazine's subscribers. The two tracks on the A-side were taken from a concert at Maxwell's in Hoboken, New Jersey. The B-side is retitled instrumental version of “Eliminator, Jr.” taken from a show at CBGB in New York. Cover art for the single was by French cartoonist and publisher Paquito Bolino.

#### A-side

* "Silver Rocket”
* “You Pose You Lose”

#### B-side

* "Non-Metal Dude Wearing Metal Tee”
All three tracks were later made available on Sonic Youth's Rarities 2 compilation, made available exclusively through the group's Bandcamp page in September 2020.

### European version

Pressed in Spain by Teenager From Outer Space Records, the European version of the “Silver Rocket” 7” features Sonic Youth on one side and two songs by the Portland, Oregon band The Miracle Workers on the other. The single was only available in a double issue of the magazine La Herencia De Los Munster with cover art that needed to be cut out and assembled into a record sleeve.

#### A-side

* "Silver Rocket (Live)" (Sonic Youth)

#### B-side

* "Slow Death" (The Miracle Workers)
* "I Got a Right" (The Miracle Workers, originally by The Stooges)

## Critical reception

According to AllMusic's Stewart Mason, the song boasts "the first genuinely catchy chorus of the band's career" and compares it to Mudhoney's "Touch Me I'm Sick." Rolling Stone ranked it No. 79 in the "100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time". It was ranked the 183rd greatest song of all time by the Italian magazine Rumore. The song was listed at No. 33 in Les Inrockuptibles's 1000 Necessary Songs.
# Cracticus

Cracticus is a genus of butcherbirds native to Australasia. They are large songbirds, being between 30 and 40 cm (12–16 in) in length. Their colour ranges from black-and-white to mostly black with added grey plumage, depending on the species. They have a large, straight bill with a distinctive hook at the end which is used to skewer prey. They have high-pitched complex songs, which are used to defend their essentially year-round group territories: unlike birds of extratropical Eurasia and the Americas, both sexes sing prolifically.

## Taxonomy

The genus Cracticus was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816 with the hooded butcherbird (Cracticus cassicus) as the type species. The name is from the Ancient Greek kraktikos meaning "noisy" or "clamorous".
Together with three species of currawong (Strepera) and two species of Peltops, the black butcherbird (Melloria quoyi), and the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen), they form the subfamily Cracticinae within the family Artamidae.
The genus contains six species:
| Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| Cracticus torquatus | Grey butcherbird | Australia |
| Cracticus argenteus | Silver-backed butcherbird | northern Australia |
| Cracticus cassicus | Hooded butcherbird | New Guinea. |
| Cracticus louisiadensis | Tagula butcherbird | Tagula Island in Papua New Guinea. |
| Cracticus mentalis | Black-backed butcherbird | southern New Guinea and Cape York Peninsula. |
| Cracticus nigrogularis | Pied butcherbird | Australia. |
The black butcherbird, Melloria quoyi, is sometimes called Cracticus quoyi.

## Biology

They are insect eaters for the most part, but will also feed on small lizards and other vertebrates. They get their name from their habit of impaling captured prey on a thorn, tree fork, or crevice. This "larder" is used to support the victim while it is being eaten, to store prey for later consumption, or to attract mates.
They are the ecological counterparts of the shrikes, mainly found in Eurasia and Africa, which are only distantly related, but share the "larder" habit; shrikes are also sometimes called "butcherbirds". They live in a variety of habitats from tropical rainforest to arid shrubland. Like many similar species, they have adapted well to urbanisation and can be found in leafy suburbs throughout Australia. They are opportunistic, showing little fear and readily taking food offerings to the point of becoming semi-tame.
Females lay between two and five eggs in a clutch, with the larger clutch sizes in more open-country species. Except in the rainforest-dwelling hooded and black butcherbirds, cooperative breeding occurs, with many individuals delaying dispersal to rear young. The nest is made from twigs, high up in a fork of a tree. The young will remain with their mother until almost fully grown. They tend to trail behind their mother and "squeak" incessantly while she catches food for them.
# Bila, Livno

Bila is a village in the city of Livno in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 743.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 739 | 99.5% |
| Serbs | 3 | 0.4% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.1% |
| Total | 743 | 100% |

## Footnotes

* ↑ Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 518–519.
# Kayacık, Adıyaman

Kayacık is a village in the Adıyaman District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 205 (2021).