OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pingliang–Qingyang railway

The Pingliang–Qingyang railway, also known as the Pingqing railway, is a railway line in Gansu, China. The line will run between the cities of Pingliang and Qingyang in eastern Gansu, totaling 92 km.
Starting from Pingliang South station, the line will run eastwards through Zhenyuan County, ending at Qingyang railway station.

## Background

Pingliang and Qingyang are prefecture-level cities in eastern Gansu, bordering each other, with existing railway stations, but no direct connection between them. Pingliang South is a station on the Baoji–Zhongwei railway, which opened in 1995. Qingyang is a station on the Yinchuan–Xi'an high-speed railway, opened in 2020. The new railway will provide a direct connection between the two prefecture level cities, provide Zhenyuan County its first connection to the railway network, and reduce the travel time between Qingyang and Gansu's capital Lanzhou.

## History

Construction on the 92 km long railway started on 3 January 2024 and is expected to take 4½ years. Between Pingliang South and Baishui, the railway will share the Baoji–Zhongwei railway, which will be doubled in this section, with a maximum speed of 120 km/h. Between Baishui and Qingyang, an entirely new route will be followed, allowing speeds up to 160 km/h.
The line will be fully electrified and for both passenger and freight use.
An extension from Pingliang to Dingxi is planned.

## Stations

* Pingliang south
* Baishui
* Zhenyuan
* Beishiku
* Qingyang
# Piniyon

Piniyon (Russian and Tajik: Пинён), is a village in north-western Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Fondaryo in Ayni District, Sughd Region.
It is located on the left bank of the river Nasruddarya, a left tributary of the Fan Darya.
# Hell Scroll (Nara National Museum)

Hell Scroll (地獄草紙, jigokuzōji) is a scroll depicting seven out of the sixteen lesser hells presented in Kisekyō ("Sutra of the World Arising"). Six of the paintings are accompanied by text, which all begin with the phrase "There is yet another hell", following a description of what the sinners depicted did to end up in this particular hell.
The seven hells depicted are:
* the Hell of Excrement (ja: 屎糞所, しふんしょ)
* the Hell of Measures (函量所, かんりょうしょ)
* the Hell of the Iron Mortar (鉄磑所, てつがいしょ)
* the Hell of the Flaming Rooster (鶏地獄, とりじごく)
* the Hell of the Black Sand Cloud (黒雲沙, こくうんしゃ)
* the Hell of Pus and Blood (膿血所, のうけつしょ)
* the Hell of Foxes and Wolves (狐狼地獄 狼野干泥梨, ころうじごく ろうやかんないり)
It is considered likely that the scroll corresponds to the Paintings of the Six Paths, commissioned by Emperor Goshirakawa in the 12th century. This handscroll was preserved in Daishō-in in Higashiokubo, Tokyo until the Meiji period, when it came into the hands of the Hara family of Kanagawa, later ending up in the possession of the Japanese government.
# Heizmannia greenii

Heizmannia (Heizmannia) greenii is a species complex of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Heizmannia. It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Malaya, Cambodia, Laos, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Indochina, China, and Borneo.
# Piskanja

Piskanja is a village in the municipality of Raška, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 486 people.
# Hemmoor

Hemmoor (German pronunciation: ) is a small town in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the river Oste, approx. 40 km northeast of Bremerhaven, and 25 km south of Brunsbüttel.

## History

Hemmoor belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown—interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715)—and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which—after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814—incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Hemmoor, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.
The Portland cement factory operating between 1866 and 1983 delivered concrete for the Statue of Liberty in the New York City.

## Other

Hemmoor is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Hemmoor.
It is twinned with the small market town of Swaffham, which is situated in the east of England.
# Hemmo Kallio

Herman "Hemmo" Kallio (19 April 1863 – 8 September 1940) was a Finnish stage and film actor and playwright.

## Career

Born Herman Puttonen, he officially changed his surname to Kallio in 1906. Herman began his professional career as a print shop director. He began his acting career in 1882 at the Helsinki Arkadia theater, then moved to the Finnish Theatre (now, the Finnish National Theatre), where he was engaged until he retired from the stage in the late 1930s. His long stint at the theater included a repertoire of over four hundred roles. From the 1920s Kallio began appearing in roles in Finnish films, often cast in fatherly roles. The first of which was the 1920 Teuvo Puro-directed drama Ollin oppivuodet. One of his most popular film roles was that of Anna-Liisa's father in the 1922 Teuvo Puro and Jussi Snellman-directed silent film drama Anna-Liisa, based on the eponymously titled 1895 play by Finnish writer Minna Canth. Most of his silent film roles of the 1920s are now lost.
Hemmo Kallio died in Helsinki in 1940. He is the grandfather of Finnish actor Ismo Kallio.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1920 | Ollin oppivuodet | suutari Jokela | |
| 1921 | Se parhaiten nauraa, joka viimeksi nauraa | sahanomistaja Kustaa Penttilä, Martin eno | |
| 1922 | Anna-Liisa | Kortesuon isäntä | |
| 1927 | Noidan kirot | Esa | |
| 1927 | Vaihdokas | Haukka | |
| 1931 | Rovastin häämatkat | Benjamin Jaakkola | |
| 1931 | Tukkipojan morsian | Kustaa Koski | |
| 1934 | Meidän poikamme ilmassa - me maassa | Erkin isä | |
| 1935 | Roinilan talossa | Meri-Matti | |
| 1936 | Pohjalaisia | Herastuomari | (final film role) |
# Pistius

Pistius is a genus of crab spiders with nine described species. Most occur in Asia, only P. truncatus has a palaearctic distribution.

## Species

* Pistius barchensis Basu, 1965 (India)
* Pistius bhadurii Basu, 1965 (India)
* Pistius gangulyi Basu, 1965 (India, China)
* Pistius kalimpus Tikader, 1970 (India)
* Pistius kanikae Basu, 1964 (India)
* Pistius robustus Basu, 1965 (India)
* Pistius rotundus Tang & Li, 2010 (China)
* Pistius tikaderi Kumari & Mittal, 1999 (India)
* Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772) (Palearctic)
* Pistius undulatus Karsch, 1879 (Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Korea, Japan)
* Pistius wulingensis Tian, Zhou & Peng, 2018 (China)
# Pistius truncatus

Pistius truncatus is a species of crab spiders belonging to the family Thomisidae.

## Description

Pistius truncatus can reach a length of about 4–5 millimetres (0.16–0.20 in) in males, while females can reach 8–9 millimetres (0.31–0.35 in). The spider has small eyes and abdomen is much widened in females.
Adults can be found from May to June.

## Distribution and habitat

This species has a palaearctic distribution. It is widespread in central and western Europe. It occurs in bushes, mainly in small scrubby oaks and in forest edges.
# Hemiphyllodactylus harterti

Hemiphyllodactylus harterti, also known commonly as the Bintang slender gecko, Hartert's slender gecko, and Werner's gypsy gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.

## Etymology

The specific name, harterti, is in honor of German ornithologist Ernst Johann Otto Hartert.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of H. harterti is forest, at altitudes as high as 1,100 m (3,600 ft).

## Description

Adults of H. harteri have a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of about 4 cm (1.6 in), and a tail length slightly shorter than SVL. Males have 44–45 femoroprecloacal pores and a single cloacal spur (postanal tubercle).

## Behavior

H. harterti is nocturnal and scansorial (adapted for climbing).

## Reproduction

Unlike other species of Hemiphyllodactylus which are unisexual (females only), H. harterti is bisexual (males and females).
# Hemiphyllodactylus kolliensis

Hemiphyllodactylus kolliensis is a species of gecko. It is endemic to Tamil Nadu, India.
# Helleriella

Helleriella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, native to Mexico and Central America.
* Helleriella guerrerensis Dressler & Hágsater - Guerrero
* Helleriella nicaraguensis A.D.Hawkes - Alex Drum Hawkes - from Chiapas to Panama
# Pingyang railway station

Pingyang railway station (Chinese: 平阳站), formerly known as Aojiang railway station (Chinese: 鳌江站), is a railway station located in Pingyang County, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, on the Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway which is operated by Shanghai Railway Bureau, China Railway Corporation.
The station name was renamed from Aojiang to Pingyang on July 15, 2019.
| Preceding station | China Railway High-speed | China Railway High-speed | China Railway High-speed | Following station |
| Rui'antowards Wenzhou South | | Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway | | Cangnantowards Fuzhou South |
# Pitcairnia poortmanii

Pitcairnia poortmanii is a species of flowering plant in the Bromeliaceae family. It is native to Ecuador.
# Pitcairnia pungens

Pitcairnia pungens is a plant species of bromeliad in the genus Pitcairnia. This species is native to Ecuador.
Pitcairnia × daiseyana is a natural hybrid of P. heterophylla and P. pungens.
# Helium dilution technique

The helium dilution technique is the way of measuring the functional residual capacity of the lungs (the volume left in the lungs after normal expiration).
This technique is a closed-circuit system where a spirometer is filled with a mixture of helium (He) and oxygen. The amount of He in the spirometer is known at the beginning of the test (concentration × volume = amount). The patient is then asked to breathe (normal breaths) in the mixture starting from FRC (functional residual capacity), which is the gas volume in the lung after a normal breath out. The spirometer measures helium concentration. The helium spreads into the lungs of the patient, and settles at a new concentration (C2). Because there is no leak of substances in the system, the amount of helium remains constant during the test, and the FRC is calculated by using the following equation:
$C_{1}V_{1}=C_{2}V_{2}$
$C_{1}V_{1}=C_{2}(V_{1}+FRC)$
$FRC={\frac {C1V1}{C2}}-V1$
V2 = total gas volume (FRC + volume of spirometer)
V1 = volume of gas in spirometer
C1 = initial (known) helium concentration
C2 = final helium concentration (measured by the spirometer)

## Measure

Note to measure FRC the patient is connected to the spirometer directly after a normal breath (when the lung volume equals FRC), if the patient is initially connected to the spirometer at a different lung volume (like TLC or RV) the measured volume will be the initial volume started from and not FRC. In patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases the measurements of the helium dilution technique are not reliable because of incomplete equilibration of the helium in all areas of the lungs. In such cases it is more accurate to use a body plethysmograph.
A simplified helium dilution technique may be used as an alternative to quantitative CT scans to assess end-expiratory lung volumes (EELV) among patients who are on mechanical ventilation with diagnosis of ALI/ARDS according to a cross-sectional study. The results show a good correlation [EELV(He)=208+0.858xEELV(CT), r=0.941, p < 0.001] between the two methods, and the helium dilution technique offers the advantages of lower cost, decreased transportation of critically ill patients, and reduced radiation exposure. This study's results may have limited generalizability due to its specificity to the ALI/ARDS population and its small sample size (21 patients).
# Hendrick Couturier

Hendrick Couturier (1620, Leiden – 1684, New York City), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

## Biography

According to the RKD he married in Leiden in 1648 and moved to America. He lived both in New Amsterdam/New York and New Amstel/New Castle. He is primarily known today as the (possible) portrait painter of Pieter Stuyvesant, though this attribution is based mainly on a court statement of his wife in 1663 that Stuyvesant had given her and her husband the "Burgerright" in exchange for the portrait he had painted of the Director General.
There is archival evidence of Couturier's life which indicated guild membership in Leiden before emigrating and producing some works painted in New Amsterdam.
In 1925 an exhibition of portraits of early Americans was held in New York by the Century Association. At this exhibition an oil portrait was shown of Oloff Stevense Van Cortlandt (father of the 17th century mayor of New York Stephanus Van Cortlandt) that at that time was attributed to Couturier. This prompted the New York art collector Thomas B. Clarke to purchase it, who later showed it in 1928 as part of his collection. According to its current provenance record in the National Gallery of Art, the attribution to Couturier has since been changed to "Unknown man by unknown 17th century French painter".
# Pittosporum fairchildii

Pittosporum fairchildii, commonly called Fairchild's kohuhu, is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. This species was first described by Thomas Frederic Cheeseman. It is named in honour of Captain J. Fairchild, a 19th-century seaman who commanded the S.S. Stella.
# Pittosporum divaricatum

Pittosporum divaricatum is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae family. It is a New Zealand endemic shrub growing up to 3 metres high. It has densely entangled branches growing in a divaricating form typical of many New Zealand small leaved shrubs.
It exhibits a form of dimorphism with leaves differing in form between the juvenile and adult stages and in the adult leaves where two distinct forms are found. The juvenile leaves are narrowly lanceolate to obovate with margins pinnatifid to dentate. The adult leaves exist in two forms, either entire, or almost so, or deeply lobed or toothed. The flowers are borne singly on the end of shoots. The petal are up to 5mm long and very dark red, often appearing black, subtended by sepals which are 2mm long. The fruits contain between 2 and 6 seeds.
# Henderson Little Bear

The Henderson Little Bear is an American homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by Henderson Aero Specialities of Felton, Delaware, introduced in 1993. The aircraft is a replica of the Piper J-3 Cub (a little bear is a "cub"). When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit or in the form of plans for amateur construction.

## Design and development

The Little Bear features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit accessed via doors, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.
The aircraft fuselage is made from welded steel with all surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its 35.00 ft (10.7 m) span wing employs a USA 35B airfoil, has a wing area of 178.0 sq ft (16.54 m$^2$) and is supported by "V" struts and jury struts. The cabin width is 28 in (71 cm). The acceptable power range is 65 to 100 hp (48 to 75 kW) and the standard engine used is the 65 hp (48 kW) Continental A65.
The Little Bear has a typical empty weight of 700 lb (320 kg) and a gross weight of 1,220 lb (550 kg), giving a useful load of 520 lb (240 kg). With full fuel of 12 U.S. gallons (45 L; 10.0 imp gal) the payload for the pilot, passenger and baggage is 448 lb (203 kg).
The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 400 hours.

## Operational history

By 1998 the company reported that five kits had been sold and two aircraft were completed and flying.
In December 2013 one example was registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

## Specifications (Little Bear)

Data from AeroCrafter
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Length: 22 ft 6 in (6.86 m)
* Wingspan: 35 ft 0 in (10.67 m)
* Wing area: 178.0 sq ft (16.54 m$^2$)
* Airfoil: USA 35B
* Empty weight: 700 lb (318 kg)
* Gross weight: 1,220 lb (553 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 12 U.S. gallons (45 L; 10.0 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Continental A65 four cylinder, air-cooled, four stroke aircraft engine, 65 hp (48 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden
Performance
* Maximum speed: 122 mph (196 km/h, 106 kn)
* Stall speed: 38 mph (61 km/h, 33 kn)
* Range: 200 mi (320 km, 170 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 10,500 ft (3,200 m)
* Rate of climb: 500 ft/min (2.5 m/s)
* Wing loading: 6.9 lb/sq ft (34 kg/m$^2$)
# Henderson National Bank

The Henderson National Bank building is a historic bank building in Huntsville, Alabama. One of the only Art Moderne style buildings in Huntsville, the bank was built in 1948. The outer walls are constructed of large blocks of ashlar, while the base and entrance surround on the Jefferson Street façade are lined with dark green stone. The recessed double doors sit below a tall, multi-pane toplight. The entry is flanked by tall, multi-pane windows, giving the façade a much more vertical orientation than the early 20th-century commercial brick style. The upper portion is inscribed with two geometric flower shapes in relief and the name of the bank. The corner wall is rounded, leading to more tall windows along the side. A drive-up teller window was added to the rear of the building in 1958, which is faced with light tan brick.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Plain Truth

Plain Truth may refer to:
* Plain Truth (novel), 2001 novel by Jodi Picoult
** Plain Truth (film), 2004 TV drama directed by Paul Shapiro based on the novel
* Plain Truth (pamphlet), 1776 pamphlet authored by loyalist James Chalmers during the American Revolution as a rebuke of Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense
* The Plain Truth, free of charge monthly magazine, first published in 1934 by Herbert W. Armstrong, founder of The Radio Church of God, which he later named The Worldwide Church of God
# Planisticus

Planisticus is a genus in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. There are at least three described species in Planisticus, found in Madagascar.

## Species

These three species belong to the genus Planisticus:
* Planisticus breuningi Vives, 2004
* Planisticus nivosus (Fairmaire, 1893)
* Planisticus suturalis (Waterhouse, 1880)
# Plasmodium lacertiliae

Plasmodium achiotense is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium.
Like all Plasmodium species P. lacertiliae has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.

## Description

The parasite was first described by Thompson and Hart in 1946.

## Geographical occurrence

This species is found in New Guinea.

## Clinical features and host pathology

Hosts of this species include the crocodile skink (Tribolonotus species) and Leiolopisma fuscum.
# Helene Sandvig

Helene Beate Sandvig (born August 26, 1968) is a Norwegian journalist. She is a program leader in the Pulse NRK program and has held this position in the periods of 1999–2001, 2006–2008 and since 2010. Prior to this she was a journalist in Dagbladet. In 2016 she directed the program Helene checks in on NRK1. For the program, she was nominated for best female program leader in front of Gullruten 2017. She won the award for the same program in 2018.
She is a graduate of journalism from Volda University College.
# Pitthea cunaxa

Pitthea cunaxa is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Herbert Druce in 1887. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Pitthea continua

Pitthea continua is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1854.

## Distribution

It is found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Uganda.
# Pitter

Pitter can refer to:
* 48785 Pitter, main-belt asteroid
* Aslie Pitter MBE, British footballer
* Cherry pitter, a device to remove pits from cherries
* Premysl Pitter, Czech pedagogue and humanist
* René Pitter, Austrian footballer
* Ruth Pitter, British poet
# Pioneer Trail

Pioneer Trail may refer to:
* The Pioneer Trail, video game
* Pioneer Trail (film), 1938 American film
# Pioneer Trails

Pioneer Trails is a 1923 American silent Western film directed by David Smith and starring Cullen Landis, Alice Calhoun, and Bertram Grassby.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, the lure of gold draws Robert Dale, his wife, and their son Jack over the prairie. The party is attacked by Indians and all save Jack are killed. He is adopted by another member of his party but, being only four years old, does not know his last name. Twenty years later he finds himself in love with a young woman, but, not knowing his origin, he dares not declare his love. She finally takes the initiative in her own hands, declares herlove, and is finally accepted, peculiar circumstances having by this time established Jack's birth and origin.

## Cast

* Cullen Landis as Jack Dale / Jack Plains
* Alice Calhoun as Rose Miller
* Bertram Grassby as Philip Blaney
* Otis Harlan as 'Easy Aaron' Cropsey
* T.D. Crittenden as Rodney Miller
* Virginia True Boardman as Mrs. Salter
* Aggie Herring as 'Laundry Lou'
* Nelson McDowell as Parson
* Joe Rickson as The Sheriff
# Placabis placabilis

Placabis placabilis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Carchi Province, Ecuador.
# Platyptilia peyrierasi

Platyptilia peyrierasi is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Madagascar.
# Platyptilia profunda

Platyptilia profunda is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Honshu island of Japan.
The length of the forewings is 11–14 mm.
The larvae feed on Senecio nemorensis.
# Platyptilia postbarbata

Platyptilia postbarbata is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from the Democratic Republic of Congo.
# Piusstraße station

Piusstraße is an underground station on the Cologne Stadtbahn lines 3 and 4 in Cologne. The station lies on Venloer Straße, corner Piusstraße in the district of Ehrenfeld.
The station was opened in 1989 and consists of a mezzanine and one island platform with two rail tracks.

## Notable places nearby

* Venloer Straße
* Cologne Central Mosque
* Church of St. Mechtern