OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xiasi Dog

Xiasi Dog (Chinese: 下司犬) or Lower Division Dog is a breed of tugou named after the village of Xiasi, Guizhou Province in China where they have been raised by the Miao people for thousands of years. Historically bred as a hunting dog and watchdog, the Xiasi Dog is prized today for bringing wealth to the family. Today the breed is critically endangered with low genetic diversity and an estimate of only 270 purebred Xiasi left. Xiasi Dogs are now accepted in most Chinese dog shows.

## History

According to Chinese folklore, the Xiasi dog was originally called the White Dragon dog (白龙犬, Bái lóng quǎn). During the reign of the Qianglong Emperor, a governor was gifted one of the dogs during a visit to Xiasi, Guizhou. Upon his return to the capital, the governor took the dog boar hunting with the Qianlong Emperor. The Emperor was so impressed with the dog's ability to catch a wounded boar, that he asked the governor, "What kind of dog is this? It is so fast." The governor did not want to say it was a White Dragon dog as the Emperor often called himself the "True Dragon Emperor, so he replied, "This is a Xiasi dog."
The Xiasi dog has been bred for centuries in and around Xiasi and neighboring towns in Guizhou province. Primarily developed by the Miao people, Xiasi dogs were developed to be a resilient hunting dog that could handle the dangerous game found in dense forests, high mountains and dangerous roads of the region. Despite being well known in the region, the breed population was in decline during the 20th century and a 1999 survey found only 271 purebred dogs. Since then, conservation efforts have been underway to preserve the breed, first by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Guizhou Province and later by Xiasi Dog Breed Conservation Development and Utilization Project.

## Appearance

Xiasi are medium-sized, white or cream in color with wiry hair and a pale pink nose. Their hair is thick and hard, often standing up on its own. The hair comes in three lengths: short, medium and long. Their head should be sizeable with prick ears, a pink nose and a square mouth. The chest is deep and round, with strong legs, tough feet and a tail that sticks up. Males are 46–50 centimetres (18–20 in) tall at the shoulders, females are 46–47 centimetres (18–19 in). The desired weight for males is 16–20 kilograms (35–44 lb) and females is 14–18 kilograms (31–40 lb).
Xiasi are known for their speed and endurance and should have a compact structure with quick, agile movements and explosive power. The dog is an excellent hunter, loyal and obedient to their humans and friendly with strangers.

## Health

Genetic testing indicates the breed has low genetic diversity and may be most closely related to the Tibetan mastiff.
# TSST

The initials TSST may refer to:
* "Tsst", an episode of the tenth season of South Park
* Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology
* Toxic shock syndrome toxin
* Trier Social Stress Test
# TSS Anglia

TSS Anglia was a twin screw steamer passenger vessel operated by the London and North Western Railway from 1920 to 1923, and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway from 1923 to 1935.

## History

She was built by William Denny and Brothers of Dumbarton and launched on 11 November 1919.
On 15 January 1922 she collided with the breakwater at Holyhead harbour, and was laid up from 1924. She was then only used infrequently, typically during holiday periods.
In 1935 she was scrapped.
# Y, Somme

Y (French pronunciation: ee) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Y bears the shortest place name in France, and one of the shortest in the world. The inhabitants call themselves Ypsilonien(ne)s, from the Greek letter Upsilon (Υ), which looks like the letter Y.

## Geography

Y is situated 50 kilometres (30 miles) east of Amiens, at the junction of the D15 and D615 roads, in the far eastern side of the department.

## History

The district belonged to the Y family from Vermandois.
The village was caught up in the First World War. It was decorated by Croix de guerre 1914-1918 on 15 December 1920. The Church of Saint-Médard was rebuilt in 1921 after the destruction caused by the First World War.
Since 2002, the commune has been part of the community of communes of the Pays Hamois, which succeeded the district of Ham, created in 1960. Then on 1 Jan 2017, Pays Hamois and that of the Pays Neslois, merged.

## Politics and administration

The commune is located in the Arrondissement of Péronne in the Somme department of northern France. Since 1958, the commune has elected deputies from Somme's 5th constituency.
Since 1801, the commune has been a part of the Canton of Ham. During the 2014 cantonal redistribution in France, the boundaries of the canton were expanded from 19 to 67 communes.

### List of mayors

List of successive Mayors of Y :
| In office | In office | Mayor | Ref. |
| March 2001 | 2014 | Charles Carpentier | |
| 2014 | Incumbent | Vincent Joly | |

## Population

At the French Revolution the commune had 160 inhabitants; as of 2017 its legal population was 92 inhabitants.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 160 | — |
| 1800 | 156 | −0.36% |
| 1806 | 148 | −0.87% |
| 1821 | 161 | +0.56% |
| 1831 | 179 | +1.07% |
| 1836 | 202 | +2.45% |
| 1841 | 208 | +0.59% |
| 1846 | 218 | +0.94% |
| 1851 | 205 | −1.22% |
| 1856 | 209 | +0.39% |
| 1861 | 234 | +2.29% |
| 1866 | 226 | −0.69% |
| 1872 | 196 | −2.35% |
| 1876 | 183 | −1.70% |
| 1881 | 194 | +1.17% |
| 1886 | 192 | −0.21% |
| 1891 | 189 | −0.31% |
| 1896 | 186 | −0.32% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 210 | +2.46% |
| 1906 | 199 | −1.07% |
| 1911 | 148 | −5.75% |
| 1921 | 106 | −3.28% |
| 1926 | 116 | +1.82% |
| 1931 | 114 | −0.35% |
| 1936 | 121 | +1.20% |
| 1946 | 125 | +0.33% |
| 1954 | 143 | +1.70% |
| 1962 | 123 | −1.87% |
| 1968 | 116 | −0.97% |
| 1975 | 86 | −4.18% |
| 1982 | 90 | +0.65% |
| 1990 | 82 | −1.16% |
| 1999 | 89 | +0.91% |
| 2007 | 80 | −1.32% |
| 2012 | 93 | +3.06% |
| 2017 | 92 | −0.22% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Ric Cartey

Whaley Thomas Cartey better known as Ric Cartey (18 January 1937 – 5 August 2009) was an American rockabilly musician and songwriter.
He was born in born in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. He formed a duo with guitarist Charlie Broome performing locally. Ric and Charlie's band was called the Jiv-A-Tones. He was most famously a co-writer with Carole Joyner of the hit "Young Love", a popular song published in 1956. First released as a single by him and his band The Jiv-A-Tones in 1956, the B-side being "'Oooh-Eeee". He was signed to a recording contract to RCA Victor. In 1958, he signed with NRC.
"Young Love" was made more popular by versions from Tab Hunter, Sonny James, and The Crew-Cuts, all in 1957, and covered by Lesley Gore in 1965 and by Donny Osmond in 1972. It was recorded as a country version by Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey as a duo in 1969.
Cartey was one of the first young singers on Atlanta's rock and roll scene, which also encompassed Jerry Reed, Ray Stevens, Joe South, Tommy Roe and Mac Davis. In 1957, he worked with producer Chet Atkins in Nashville. In 1958, he released "Scratching On My Screen" with NRC Records. The song was a variation on Washboard Sam's 1939 blues song "Diggin' My Potatoes". Other songs he recorded included "Heart Throb", "I Wancha to Know" and "Born to Love One Woman".
Ric Cartey died in Palm Harbor, Florida, on 5 August 2009, at the age of 72.

## Discography
### Singles

* 1956: "Young Love" / "Oooh-Eee"
* 1957: "Heart Throb" / "I Wancha to Know"
* 1957: "Born to Love One Woman" / "Let Me Tell You About Love"
* 1957: "Mellow Down Easy" / "My Babe"
* 1958: "Scratching On My Screen" / "My Heart Belongs to You"
* 1963: "Poor Me" / "Something In My Eye"
# Izernène

Izernène is a village in the commune of Tamanrasset, in Tamanrasset District, Tamanrasset Province, Algeria. It lies in the Hoggar Mountains 28 kilometres (17 mi) northeast of the city of Tamanrasset.
# Ilusión (Edurne album)

Ilusión is a 2007 album by Edurne. It reached No. 13 on the Spanish albums chart.
# Visual design elements and principles

Visual design elements and principles may refer to:
* Design elements
* Design principles
# Stephen Furness

Stephen Furness may refer to:
* Sir Stephen Furness, 1st Baronet (1872–1914), ship-owner and Member of Parliament for The Hartlepools 1910–1914
* Stephen Furness (Sunderland MP) (1902–1974), Member of Parliament for Sunderland 1935–1945
* Steve Furness (1950–2000), American footballer
# Philip P. Kerby

Philip P. Kerby (1911–1993) was an American editorial writer who worked for the Los Angeles Times from 1971 to 1985. He won the Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing in 1976.
With only a high school education, Kerby was "regarded as highly self-educated and extremely bright". Otis Chandler said to Kerby when he won the Pulitzer, "You have raised the intellectual level of this newspaper". His specialty was criminal justice, governmental censorship, and secrecy.

## Early years and education

Kirby was born on December 24 in Pueblo, Colorado, where he graduated from Centennial High School in 1931. He studied at Harvard University from 1957 to 1958 through a Ford Foundation grant.

## Career

Kirby began his journalism career as a reporter for the Pueblo Star-Journal Chieftain, then he became an editorial writer until 1942. He moved to radio, joining KGHF in 1947, where he won an award as an outstanding radio journalist. In 1948, Kirby became the editor of Rocky Mountain Life, then the editor at Frontier Magazine, then the associate editor of The Nation. He joined the Los Angeles Times as senior editorial writer in 1971.

## Awards

Kirby received the Denver Press Club Award as an outstanding radio journalist in 1947. He won the Pulitzer Prize in the "Editorial Writing" category in 1976 for "articles against government secrecy and judicial censorship". He received the Public Service award from the State Bar of California in 1983.
# Ric Bresee

Richard Bresee MPP is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 2022 provincial election. He represents the riding of Hastings—Lennox and Addington as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.
Bresee was previously the mayor of Loyalist Township and the warden (in 2022) of Lennox and Addington County. Before that, he served as an instructor at St. Lawrence College and as an Associate Director of University Hospitals Kingston Foundation.

## Electoral history

vte2022 Ontario general election: Hastings—Lennox and Addington :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Progressive Conservative | Ric Bresee | 18,156 | 47.55 | −2.71 | $66,705 |
| | New Democratic | Eric DePoe | 7,258 | 19.01 | −13.43 | $45,142 |
| | Liberal | Ted Darby | 7,102 | 18.60 | +6.96 | $31,699 |
| | Ontario Party | Derek Sloan | 2,807 | 7.35 | | $0 |
| | Green | Christina Wilson | 1,732 | 4.54 | +0.21 | $0 |
| | New Blue | Joyce Reid | 1,129 | 2.96 | | $3,466 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 38,184 | 99.54 | +0.56 | $114,855 |
| Total rejected, unmarked, and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked, and declined ballots | Total rejected, unmarked, and declined ballots | 178 | 0.46 | -0.56 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 38,362 | 47.12 | -11.98 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 82,031 |
| | Progressive Conservative hold | Progressive Conservative hold | Swing | Swing | +5.36 |
| Source(s) "Summary of Valid Votes Cast for Each Candidate" (PDF). Elections Ontario. 2022. Archived from the original on 2023-05-18."Statistical Summary by Electoral District" (PDF). Elections Ontario. 2022. Archived from the original on 2023-05-21. |||||||
# Il sole esiste per tutti

"Il sole esiste per tutti" is a song by singer Tiziano Ferro. It is the 4th single from the album Alla mia età, released on 11 September 2009.

## Spanish version

The song was translated into Spanish with the title "El sol existe para todos", which appeared in the Spanish version of the Alla mia età album.

## Music video

The music video's footage was taken from two of Ferro's concerts held in Rome at the Stadio Olimpico on 24 and 25 June 2009.
In the video, Ferro is seen strolling through the corridors of the 'Stadio Olimpico' with his headphones on and then goes towards the stage to start the show. Ferro is then seen performing the song in front of thousands of fans.

## Track listing
### Download digitale

* "Il sole esiste per tutti"
* "El sol existe para todos"

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 14 |
# Roaring Spring, Kentucky

Roaring Spring is an unincorporated community in Trigg County, Kentucky, United States.
A post office called Roaring Spring was established in 1849 and remained in operation until 1909. The community seized its name from a nearby cave spring, that momentarily produced a roar.

## Notable people

* Hugh "Riccardo" Martin, opera singer
# Rolf Bossi

Rolf Bossi (10 September 1923 – 22 December 2015) was a German criminal defense lawyer. He was known for defending prominent actors such as Ingrid van Bergen and Romy Schneider, as well as criminals such as Jürgen Bartsch, Dieter Zlof, and Dieter Degowski. He defended four former East German border guards who were accused of having killed Chris Gueffroy, who was trying to escape over the Berlin Wall. He was considered to be one of Germany's best-known defense lawyers. He wrote an autobiography, appeared in talk shows and even had two film roles.
# Lambda2 Tucanae

Lambda$^2$ Tucanae is a solitary star in the southern constellation of Tucana. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.45. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 14.6 mas as seen from Earth, it is located around 223 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an extinction factor of 0.09 due to interstellar dust.
This is an orange-hued K-type giant star on the red giant branch, with a stellar classification of K2 III. It has an estimated 1.75 times the mass of the Sun but after evolving away from the main sequence it has expanded to 9.8 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 39 times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,605 K.
# Lambda2 method

The Lambda2 method, or Lambda2 vortex criterion, is a vortex core line detection algorithm that can adequately identify vortices from a three-dimensional fluid velocity field. The Lambda2 method is Galilean invariant, which means it produces the same results when a uniform velocity field is added to the existing velocity field or when the field is translated.

## Description

The flow velocity of a fluid is a vector field which is used to mathematically describe the motion of a continuum. The length of the flow velocity vector is the flow speed and is a scalar. The flow velocity $\mathbf {u}$ of a fluid is a vector field
    $\mathbf {u} =\mathbf {u} (x,y,z,t),$
which gives the velocity of an element of fluid at a position $(x,y,z)\,$ and time $t.\,$ The Lambda2 method determines for any point $\mathbf {u}$ in the fluid whether this point is part of a vortex core. A vortex is now defined as a connected region for which every point inside this region is part of a vortex core.
Usually one will also obtain a large number of small vortices when using the above definition. In order to detect only real vortices, a threshold can be used to discard any vortices below a certain size (e.g. volume or number of points contained in the vortex).

## Definition

The Lambda2 method consists of several steps. First we define the velocity gradient tensor $\mathbf {J}$;
$\mathbf {J} \equiv \nabla {\vec {u}}={\begin{bmatrix}\partial _{x}u_{x}&\partial _{y}u_{x}&\partial _{z}u_{x}\\\partial _{x}u_{y}&\partial _{y}u_{y}&\partial _{z}u_{y}\\\partial _{x}u_{z}&\partial _{y}u_{z}&\partial _{z}u_{z}\end{bmatrix}},$
where ${\vec {u}}$ is the velocity field. The velocity gradient tensor is then decomposed into its symmetric and antisymmetric parts:
$\mathbf {S} ={\frac {\mathbf {J} +\mathbf {J} ^{\text{T}}}{2}}$ and $\mathbf {\Omega } ={\frac {\mathbf {J} -\mathbf {J} ^{\text{T}}}{2}},$
where T is the transpose operation. Next the three eigenvalues of $\mathbf {S} ^{2}+\mathbf {\Omega } ^{2}$ are calculated so that for each point in the velocity field ${\vec {u}}$ there are three corresponding eigenvalues; $\lambda _{1}$, $\lambda _{2}$ and $\lambda _{3}$. The eigenvalues are ordered in such a way that $\lambda _{1}\geq \lambda _{2}\geq \lambda _{3}$. A point in the velocity field is part of a vortex core only if at least two of its eigenvalues are negative i.e. if $\lambda _{2}<0$. This is what gave the Lambda2 method its name.
Using the Lambda2 method, a vortex can be defined as a connected region where $\lambda _{2}$ is negative. However, in situations where several vortices exist, it can be difficult for this method to distinguish between individual vortices
. The Lambda2 method has been used in practice to, for example, identify vortex rings present in the blood flow inside the human heart
# Ron Dembo

Ron Samuel Dembo is an academic and entrepreneur.

## Academia

Dembo formerly served as a professor at Yale University. During this time, he held joint appointments in both the Department of Computer Science and the School of Management. He co-authored three Technical Reports at Yale's Dept. of Computer Science in 1984.
Dembo's scholarly contributions encompass a diverse range of subjects, including finance and mathematical optimization. He is listed as inventor for patents in fields such as computational finance, climate change, and software engineering.

## Entrepreneurship

Dembo was founder and CEO of Algorithmics Incorporated. Algorithmics was sold to Fitch in 2005 and later to IBM in 2012. It has since been acquired by SS&C.
In 2005, Dembo founded Zerofootprint Software, a Toronto-based, cleantech software and services company. In the same year, he founded the non-profit Zerofootprint Foundation which won gold in the Climate Change category at the Canadian Environment Awards in 2008. In 2009, Dembo also established the ZERO prize, a one million dollar prize for a design to retrofit a concrete building built between 1945 and 1990.
He currently sits on a number of boards, is a member of the Climate Change Adaptation Advisory Committee Canada, and was appointed to the Steering Committee of the World Urban Campaign, coordinated by UN-Habitat.

## Awards and honors

In May 2007, Dembo was made a lifetime Fields Institute Fellow. This fellowship is awarded to "individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the Fields Institute," its programs, and to the Canadian mathematical community. Dembo's alma mater, the University of Waterloo, honored Dembo with a Distinguished Alumni Achievement Medal for Professional Achievement in business and climate change in 2007.
In 2008, he received a Green Toronto Award from the City of Toronto for his work with Zerofootprint, as well as a Certificate of Recognition, Champion of Green from the Government of Ontario.
In 2009 and 2010, Dembo participated in the Steering Committee of the World Urban Campaign, as coordinated by UN Habitat, in Barcelona, Paris, and Rio de Janeiro. In 2024, Zerofootprint remains a Partner in the Business and Industries Constituency of the World Urban Campaign by UN Habitat.

## Books

Dembo is the author of Seeing Tomorrow: Rewriting the Rules of Risk, co-authored with Andrew Freeman, published in April 1998; Upside Downside: Simple Rules of Risk Management for the Smart Investor, co-authored with Daniel Stoffman, published in March 2006; and Risk Thinking, published in 2021.
# Yakima Ridge

Yakima Ridge is a long anticline mountain ridge in Yakima County and Benton County in the U.S. state of Washington. From its western end just north of the city of Yakima, the ridge runs east-southeast through the Yakima Training Center to its eastern end at Hanford Reach National Monument and the Hanford Site. Yakima Ridge is paralleled on the north by Umtanum Ridge and on the south by the Rattlesnake Hills. Moxee Valley and Black Rock Valley lie south of Yakima Ridge.
Yakima Ridge is part of the Yakima Fold Belt of east-tending long ridges formed by the folding of Miocene Columbia River basalt flows.
The Yakima River cut a water gap through Yakima Ridge at Selah Gap. The river cut through other ridges at locations including Umtanum Ridge Water Gap and Union Gap at Ahtanum Ridge.
# Vito Latora

Vito Latora is an Italian physicist, currently Professor in Applied Mathematics (Chair of Complex Systems) at the School of Mathematical Sciences of the Queen Mary University of London. He is known for his works on complex systems, in particular on the structure and dynamics of complex networks.

## Career

Latora received a PhD in physics from the University of Catania in Italy for a thesis in the field of theoretical nuclear physics entitled "Multifragmentation, phase transitions and critical chaos in hot nuclei". He conducted postdoctoral research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the group of Michel Baranger, in the group of Eric Heller at Harvard University, and at Paris University XI. After his postdoctoral period, he joined the department of Physics of the University of Catania as an assistant professor in 2002. Since 2012, Vito Latora is Full Professor in Applied Mathematics (Chair in Complex Systems) at the Queen Mary University of London.

## Research

After initial work in the field of theoretical nuclear physics, his scientific contributions have focused on statistical physics, complex systems and, especially, complex networks. Noteworthy, he has developed together with Massimo Marchiori the so-called "network efficiency", a topological measure that accounts for the capability of a system to deliver information, or goods, spending the least amount of resources. He is also well known for his works on spatial systems and in particular on urban street networks. His other contributions span a wide range of subjects ranging from statistical mechanics, to neuroscience, and social science. As of March 2014, he is author of about 150 scientific papers and his h-index is equal to 50 according to Google Scholar., 38 according to Web of Science, and 37 according to Scopus. He coauthored a review article entitled "Complex networks: Structure and dynamics" published in 2006 in Physics Reports that has accrued more than 4500 citations and is the most cited and downloaded article in the history of Physics Reports. His work has been featured in many venues, including being on the cover of the Physical Review Letters issue of 19 March 2010
He is editor of the Journal of Complex Networks since 2013. He is also member of the advisory board of Chaos, a scientific journal of the American Institute of Physics.

## Awards

In 2008, Latora has been awarded with the "Giovan Pietro Grimaldi Prize". The motivation of the prize was: "For his works on the structure and dynamics of complex networks".
In 2021, Latora has been nominated fellow of the Network Science Society with the following citation: "For seminal work on the structure and dynamics of temporal, multilayer, and higher-order networks, and innovative applications of network science to other disciplines, including neuroscience and urban design."
# Beau Rivage

Beau Rivage means "Beautiful shore" in French. It is the name of several hotels and resorts, including:
* Beau Rivage (Beirut)
* Beau Rivage (Geneva)
* Beau Rivage (Mississippi)
* Beau-Rivage Palace in Lausanne
* Beau Rivage Island (Parks Canada) in Thousand Islands, Ontario, Canada
* Beau Rivage, the name of the second turn at the Circuit de Monaco, home of the Monaco Grand Prix