OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PZL.45 Sokół

The PZL.45 Sokół (falcon) was a Polish prototype fighter designed by PZL from 1936–1939. Work commenced on the aircraft in the late 1936 based on earlier light fighters.

## Design and development

The aircraft had a fixed undercarriage and the aircraft was powered by a Gnome-Rhône 14M05 Mars, a 14-cylinder radial engine with a maximum of 760 hp (567 kW), with a fuel tank holding 350 litres (77 imp gal; 92 US gal). Work on the aircraft was temporarily stopped but later resumed in 1938. The design was finished in 1938, and the first model was made in February 1939 with technical documentation completed in June of that year. A second prototype was designed to have retractable landing gear. It was a single-seat all-metal fighter aircraft and had a closed cockpit. The aircraft was also designed to be equipped with 4 machine guns (2 wing-mounted and 2 in the hull), though the prototype was not armed.

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: 1 pilot
* Length: 7.88 m (25 ft 10 in)
* Wingspan: 12.14 m (39 ft 10 in)
* Height: 2.55 m (8 ft 4 in)
* Wing area: 14.3 m$^2$ (154 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,500 kg (3,307 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,950 kg (4,299 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 350L
* Powerplant: 1 × Gnome-Rhône 14M05 Mars radial, 570 kW (760 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 520 km/h (320 mph, 280 kn)
* Range: 450 km (280 mi, 240 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 8,000 m (26,000 ft)
* Rate of climb: 10 m/s (2,000 ft/min)
Armament
* 4×7.92mm caliber PWU Wz.36 machine guns
# Jew's House

The Jew's House is one of the earliest extant town houses in England, estimated to have been built around 1170. It is situated on Steep Hill in Lincoln, immediately below Jew's Court. The house has traditionally been associated with the thriving Jewish community in Medieval Lincoln. Antisemitic hysteria was stoked by a notorious 1255 blood libel alleging that the mysterious death of a Christian child, known as Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln, was the result of him allegedly being kidnapped and ritually killed by Jews. In 1290, the entire Jewish community was expelled from England by Edward I, and the Jew's House is said to have been seized from a Jewish owner. The building has remained continuously occupied to the present day. Since about 1973 it has been used as a restaurant; prior to that it had been an antiques shop for many years.

## Architecture

The Jew's House is built in the local limestone in the Norman or Romanesque style. Dating from the mid-twelfth century, the building originally consisted of a hall at the first floor level, measuring approximately 12 by 6 metres, above service and storage spaces at the ground level.
Part of the original façade survives; the elaborately carved doorway, the remains of two Romanesque double-arch windows and much of the stonework on the upper storey. A chimney breast rises over the arch above the front door, serving the fireplace on the upper floor. There were once two columns supporting the arch, but these have gone.
# Hunt terrier

Hunt Terrier (not "hunting terrier") refers to types of terrier dogs that were attached to British "hunts", horse-oriented social clubs devoted to chasing the red fox on horseback, following packs of hounds. The hunt terrier was kept for a variety of reasons, such as rat control around stables and kennels, and to run with the hounds to flush the fox from small hiding places. It might also be expected to flush foxes from underground dens ("going to earth" like a working terrier), or to act as a lurcher. They tended to be white in colour so as to be more easily seen by the hunter, but they could be any colour.
Where hunts and fox hunting remain legal today, such as in the United States, terriers are little used. Breeds refined from Hunt terriers, such as the Fox Terrier and Jack Russell Terrier, are kept today as pets and showdogs, or, if small enough, as working terriers.

## Some breeds derived from hunt terriers

* Border Terrier
* Chilean Terrier
* Hunt Terrier (American)
* Jack Russell Terrier Jack Russell Terrier Dog in snow
* Japanese Terrier
* Miniature Fox Terrier
* Parson Russell Terrier
* Plummer Terrier
* Rat Terrier
* Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz
* Russell Terrier
* Smooth Fox Terrier
* Tenterfield Terrier
* Terrier Brasileiro
* Toy Fox Terrier
* Wire Fox Terrier
# Urola (moth)

Urola is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

## Species

* Urola fimbrialis (Dyar, 1914)
* Urola furvicornis (Zeller, 1877)
* Urola nivalis Drury, 1773
# Baldwin (archbishop of Pisa)

Baldwin (died 6 October 1145) was a Cistercian monk and later Archbishop of Pisa, a correspondent of Bernard of Clairvaux, and a reformer of the Republic of Pisa. Throughout his episcopate, he greatly expanded the authority of his diocese, making it the most powerful institution in Liguria and Sardinia, and notably increased its landholdings.
Pope Innocent II named Baldwin a cardinal-priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere no later than in 1137, when he appears for the first time in this dignity. Later that year, he was in the Mezzogiorno, probably in the trail of the Emperor Lothair II. According to Peter the Deacon, he and a son of Pier Leoni (filium Petri Leonis) were at Montecassino to pacify a revolt when, in July, he participated in a debate over the rule of Cassinese monasticism in the presence of the emperor.
He was then elected to succeed Uberto as archbishop of his native city and, as the pope was then living there in exile, was consecrated by Innocent himself.
In a letter of 22 April 1138, Innocent conferred on Baldwin the apostolic legateship over Porto Torres, Populonia, Galtelli, and Civita on Sardinia. On 19 July 1139, at the exhortation of Bernard of Clairvaux and Otto of Freising, the emperor-elect Conrad III bestowed on him the countship of Pisa, making him the chief secular as well as ecclesiastical authority in the city and its countryside (contado, "county"). The whole of that year, however, he spent in Logudoro arranging matters on the island.
From 1140 to 1142, Baldwin was in conflict over the comital rights in and around Pisa. From 1138, he had been in a war with the Diocese of Lucca over jurisdiction. He was captured and freed, upon which he conquered the castrum Aghinolgum (Montignoso).
On 10 November 1144, Baldwin sent aid to Gonario II of Torres in a war against Comita II of Arborea. In 1145, he was created apostolic legate over all Sardinia and Corsica. He established the legatine seat in Torres, and excommunicating Comita – for oppressing the people and warring against Pisa – and transferring to Gonario the supreme secular authority on the island and personal authority in Arborea. Bernard of Clairvaux even weighed into island politics and sent a letter to Pope Eugene III justifying Baldwin's actions. Baldwin died later that very year and Montignoso was returned to Lucca.
# Þorgeir Þorgeirson

Þorgeir Þorgeirson (30 April 1933 – 30 October 2003) was an Icelandic writer, translator and filmmaker, one of the first Icelandic graduates of foreign film schools. In 1987 he was found guilty of defaming the Icelandic police in two newspaper articles and fined; he then sued the Icelandic state in the European Court of Human Rights, which in 1992 in an influential ruling found in his favour.

## Early life and education

Þorgeir was born in Hafnarfjörður; his father, Þorgeir Elís Þorgeirsson, died in August 1937. He had an older sister, a younger brother, and three younger half-sisters. He attended Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík and then studied German, literature and history of art at the University of Vienna. He then studied filmmaking, first in Paris at French television in 1955–57, then in Prague at FAMU in 1959–62. He was one of the first Icelanders trained in filmmaking abroad.

## Career

Þorgeir worked as a filmmaker from 1962 to 1972, creating short documentaries such as Róður (Rowing) and Maður og verksmiðja (Man and Factory, 1967), which in 1968 was shown at the Edinburgh Film Festival and at the Locarno International Film Festival, where it won an honorary award. In 1968 he founded the Icelandic Cinema Museum (Kvikmyndasafnið).
From 1973 to 1976 he taught at the Leiklistarskóli SÁL [is], an independent drama school.
Þorgeir also directed radio broadcasts, wrote fiction, poetry and essays, and translated a range of works into Icelandic. He became known as a writer with his novel Yfirvaldið (The Authority, 1973), about a criminal case in 19th-century Iceland, which was nominated for the 1975 Nordic Council's Literature Prize.

### Defamation case

In December 1983 Þorgeir published two articles in the newspaper Morgunblaðið in which he alleged that there was a serious problem with police brutality in Reykjavík. He was prosecuted and on 16 June 1986 found guilty under article 108 of the General Penal Code of 1940 of defamation of a civil servant, and fined 10,000 krónur; on 20 October 1987 the Supreme Court rejected his appeal. He then sued the state of Iceland in the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, which on 25 June 1992 rejected his claim of judicial irregularity but found in his favour that his conviction violated Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, guaranteeing freedom of expression. He was awarded costs of 530,000 krónur. The case affected Icelandic law and is often cited.

## Honours

He was an honorary member of the Association of Icelandic Filmmakers. In 2000 he received an Edda Award for his services to Icelandic film.

## Private life

In 1999 Þorgeir's spelling of his patronymic with one 's' rather than the conventional Þorgeirsson was officially recognised by the Icelandic civil registry after almost seven years, during which he had not voted in elections.
Þorgeir was married to the writer Vilborg Dagbjartsdóttir, with whom he had a son and a step-son.
# Peace of Támara

The Peace of Támara also known as the Pact of Támara was a peace treaty signed in Támara de Campos in June 1127 which delimited the territorial domains of Kings Alfonso I of Aragón (the Battler) and Alfonso VII of Castile.
After Alfonso VII took the castle of Burgos in April 1127, Alfonso the Battler met his counterpart in the valley of Támara, where they negotiated to return Castile to the boundaries of 1054, after the battle of Atapuerca and to return the lands acquired in 1076, after the murder of Sancho of Peñalén. In the pact, Alfonso the Battler was recognized as the sovereign of Vizcaya, Álava, Guipúzcoa, Belorado, La Bureba, Soria, San Esteban de Gormaz and La Rioja. In addition, Alfonso the Battler renounced the title of emperor of Spain.

## Sources

* Urzainqui Mina, Tomás. La Navarra marítima (1998), Navarra: Pamiela. ISBN 84-7681-293-0
* Serrano Izko, Bixente, Navarra. Las tramas de la historia (2006) Pamplona: Euskara Kultur Elkargoa. ISBN 84-932845-9-9
* This Spanish history–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Scrobipalpa puplesisi

Scrobipalpa puplesisi is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Piskunov in 1990. It is found in Mongolia.
# Gold Spike

Gold Spike can refer to:
* Gold Spike (property)
* The Golden spike that was used to commemorate the completion of the First transcontinental railroad
# Jetcost

Jetcost.com is a travel metasearch engine for finding airfares. It acts as an intermediary, and does not directly sell flights or travel products. Since 2013, Jetcost has been a brand of Lastminute.com Group. The site is most popular in Western Europe and the top search words on the site are for Air France, Ryanair, and Transavia.

## History

The website was launched on June 1, 2006.
In December 2013, Jetcost was acquired by Bravofly Rumbo Group (now Lastminute.com Group).
At the time of the acquisition in 2013, the company had revenue of €8 million. By 2017, revenue increased to €67 million.
# V-topology

In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry, the v-topology (also known as the universally subtrusive topology) is a Grothendieck topology whose covers are characterized by lifting maps from valuation rings. This topology was introduced by Rydh (2010) and studied further by Bhatt & Scholze (2017), who introduced the name v-topology, where v stands for valuation.

## Definition

A universally subtrusive map is a map f: X → Y of quasi-compact, quasi-separated schemes such that for any map v: Spec (V) → Y, where V is a valuation ring, there is an extension (of valuation rings) $V\subset W$ and a map Spec W → X lifting v.

## Examples

Examples of v-covers include faithfully flat maps, proper surjective maps. In particular, any Zariski covering is a v-covering. Moreover, universal homeomorphisms, such as $X_{red}\to X$, the normalisation of the cusp, and the Frobenius in positive characteristic are v-coverings. In fact, the perfection $X_{perf}\to X$ of a scheme is a v-covering.

## Voevodsky's h topology

See h-topology, relation to the v-topology

## Arc topology

Bhatt & Mathew (2018) have introduced the arc-topology, which is similar in its definition, except that only valuation rings of rank ≤ 1 are considered in the definition. A variant of this topology, with an analogous relationship that the h-topology has with the cdh topology, called the cdarc-topology was later introduced by Elmanto, Hoyois, Iwasa and Kelly (2020).
Bhatt & Scholze (2019, §8) show that the Amitsur complex of an arc covering of perfect rings is an exact complex.
# Anna Wallentheim

Anna Wallentheim is a Swedish teacher and politician who serves in the Riksdag with the Social Democrats since 2014.
# Bailu Township, Chongren County

Bailu Township (simplified Chinese: 白路乡; traditional Chinese: 白路鄉; pinyin: Báilù Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Chongren County, Jiangxi, China. As of 2018, it has 8 villages under its administration.
# Tha River

The Tha River (Nam Tha) is a river in northwest Laos, and one of the 12 tributaries on the Mekong River. It gave its name to the town of Luang Namtha and the province of the same name. The name Nam Tha (ນໍ້າທາ) means 'Green River', coming from the color of the water in the river.
21°13′00″N 101°31′59″E﻿ / ﻿21.21667°N 101.53306°E﻿ / 21.21667; 101.53306
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# Paul Toback

Paul Toback is an Illinois attorney who served as chief executive officer and chairman of the board of Bally Total Fitness Corporation from December, 2002 until August 11, 2006, prior to the company's Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in 2007. He received a lump sum payment for more than $3 million, and the vesting of 135,000 shares of restricted stock upon his resignation. Seven months before his resignation, Toback ceded effective control of the Bally board of directors to John Rogers, chief executive of Ariel Capital Management, who was named as "lead director." Prior to his resignation, Toback alleged that major Bally shareholder Emanuel Pearlman of Liberation Investments and former Bally CEO Lee Hillman were behind calls for his ouster, which Pearlman and Hillman denied.
According to Bally's 2003 Securities and Exchange Commission 10-K report, Toback served as the director of administration for the then-mayor of Chicago, Richard M. Daley until 1993. After 1993 he became the executive assistant to the chief of staff Mack McLarty, who served under President Bill Clinton, for the next two years, where he worked on the North American Free Trade Agreement. From 1995 to mid-1997, he was also the COO of a private company known as Globetrotter Engineering in Chicago. In 1997 he began to work at Bally.
# Lathrocordulia garrisoni

Lathrocordulia garrisoni is a species of dragonfly in the superfamily Libelluloidea. It is also known as the Queensland swiftwing. It is endemic to north-eastern Australia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## Gallery

* Male wings
# Semanggi

Semanggi is a common name in Indonesia for two closely related species of aquatic ferns:
* In Javanese it can refer to Marsilea crenata
* In Indonesian it can refer to Marsilea minuta
Semanggi may also refer to:
* Semanggi shootings, two 1998 incidents
* Semanggi Interchange
# PMH

PMH may stand for:
* Phú Mỹ Hưng urban area, a planned city in Vietnam
* Greater Portsmouth Regional Airport, IATA code
* OAI-PMH, the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
* Past medical history
* Princess Margaret Hospital (disambiguation), various hospitals
* Portsmouth Harbour railway station, Hampshire, England, National Rail station code
# Jeweled toad

The jeweled toad (Incilius gemmifer) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the Pacific Coast between Acapulco (Guerrero state) and Jamiltepec (Oaxaca state). Its natural habitats are xeric and deciduous forests. It is a rare species threatened by habitat loss caused by agricultural expansion, wood extraction, and the expansion of plantations.
# Uvarkkulam

Uvarkkulam is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Northern Province.
# Hut Records

VC Recordings trading as Hut Records was a British record label brand which was started in 1990 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Virgin Records. Despite being wholly owned by a major label, it was classed as an independent label for the purposes of the UK Indie Chart due to the independent distribution, which was used by Virgin as a means of gaining exposure for new acts.
The label was managed by former Virgin retail assistant and Rough Trade label manager Dave Boyd, and it was originally set up as means of obtaining independent distribution for Moose and Revolver. Boyd persuaded the Virgin management to give the label complete creative control. Hut expanded by licensing The Smashing Pumpkins from Caroline Records, with Boyd convincing Caroline that Hut could do a better job of promoting their Gish album than Caroline's UK arm. The next band to be signed were Verve, whose "She's a Superstar" reached number one on the indie chart. Boyd's approach was to sign "quality bands and artists with attitude" like These Animal Men, Smash and The Auteurs.
Hut Records was discontinued by Virgin Records in mid-2004 due to an overhaul of the group, 20% of the artists on Hut were dropped whilst the rest were moved to other labels within the EMI Group.

## Groups or musicians associated with Hut

This is a list of musicians who have at one time been signed to Hut.
* Acetone
* The Burn
* Crackout
* The Crescent
* Daryll-Ann
* David Gray
* David McAlmont
** McAlmont & Butler (with Bernard Butler to Chrysalis)
** Thieves
* Drop Nineteens
* Embrace (from Hut to Independiente Records)
* Gomez (from Hut to Independiente)
* Heron
* Hobotalk
* James Iha
* Jepp
* Jon Spencer Blues Explosion
* Luke Haines
** The Auteurs
** Baader Meinhof
* Marianne Faithfull
* Moose
* The Music
* Neneh Cherry (from Virgin to Hut)
* One Inch Punch
* The Origin
* Placebo (from Hut to Virgin)
* Revolver
* Richard Ashcroft (from Hut to Parlophone and then Righteous Phonographic Association Label)
* Royal Trux
* The Smashing Pumpkins
* Stephanie Kirkham
* These Animal Men
* Toiling Midgets
* Urban Dance Squad
* The Verve (from Hut to Parlophone)
* Whale
* μ-ziq
# Cnestis polyphylla

Cnestis polyphylla, or itch pod, is a liane or scrambling shrub belonging to the family Connaraceae and occurring south from Kenya in East Tropical Africa through Mozambique and Zimbabwe to Southern Africa where it is found in coastal and escarpment forest in Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Eswatini and KwaZulu-Natal, and further south to the Eastern Cape. It also grows on the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar, Mauritius and Réunion. The genus has at least 13 species with many still unresolved. They are distributed mainly in tropical Africa and nearby islands, but extend to SE Asia and China.
Immature leaves are red, ranging through bronze, pale green, mid-green to bluish-green when mature. Leaves are imparipinnate and alternate, with oblong opposite leaflets, having an oblique base and blunt apex, 2.5 – 3 cm long and thinly pubescent below. The small, yellow flowers are crowded in small panicles. Sepals are softly pubescent. The almond-shaped capsule has a hornlike process at its tip, and dehisces by a longitudinal split when mature to reveal large, shiny, blackish-brown seeds with a basal yellowish aril. The capsules are covered inside and out with rigid reddish-brown hairs which penetrate human skin with ease and cause intense itching.
All parts of the plant are rich in the potent neurotoxin glabrin, causing convulsions in most animals, and leading to its use as a fish poison. Extracts from the leaves are used for treating skin diseases. The protein methionine sulfoximine is common in the family Connaraceae and other toxic compounds have yet to be identified. The roots of some Connarus species are known to contain the glycosides rapanone, embelin and bergenin.
# Cheena

Cheena (Urdu: جهينه ) is a village in Gujar Khan Tehsil, Rawalpindi District, Pakistan. The village is about eight miles from Gujar Khan on the road from Gujar Khan to Daultala. The village is of Jatt Zamindar origin.
Chakri Vakilan, Sasral, Gig Badhal, Bhatt and Garmala are a few villages located in the neighborhood of Cheena.
33°11′N 73°16′E﻿ / ﻿33.183°N 73.267°E﻿ / 33.183; 73.267
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# Sericomyrmex beniensis

Sericomyrmex beniensis is a species of ant in the family Formicidae.
# Scleraxonia

Scleraxonia is a suborder of corals, a member of the phylum Cnidaria.

## Characteristics

Members of Scleraxonia have a skeletal axis made of calcified spicules, organic fibres or both, which may be separate, linked or fused together.

## Families and genera

There are nine recognised families in this suborder and over thirty genera, with four families (Anthothelidae, Briareidae, Coralliidae and Subergorgiidae) containing some deep-water species and two families (Paragorgiidae and Parisididae) being exclusively deep water.
Families and genera in this suborder include:
* Anthothelidae Broch, 1916
** Alertigorgia Kükenthal, 1908
** Anthothela Verrill, 1879
** Briareopsis Bayer, 1993
** Erythropodium Kölliker, 1865
** Iciligorgia Duchassaing, 1870
** Lateothela Moore, Alderslade & Miller, 2017
** Solenocaulon Gray, 1862
** Stereogorgia
** Tubigorgia Pasternak, 1985
** Williamsium Moore, Alderslade & Miller, 2017
* Briareidae Gray, 1859
** Briareum Blainville, 1834
** Lignopsis Perez & Zamponi, 2000
** Pseudosuberia Kükenthal, 1919
* Coralliidae Lamouroux, 1812
** Corallium Cuvier, 1798
** Hemicorallium Gray, 1867
** Paracorallium Bayer & Cairns, 2003
* Melithaeidae Gray, 1870
** Asperaxis Alderslade, 2007
** Melithaea Milne-Edwards, 1857
* Paragorgiidae Kukenthal, 1916
** Paragorgia Milne-Edwards, 1857
** Sibogagorgia Stiasny, 1937
* Parisididae Aurivillius, 1931
** Parisis Verrill, 1864
* Spongiodermidae Wright & Studer, 1889
** Callipodium Verrill, 1876
** Diodogorgia Kuekenthal, 1919
** Homophyton Gray, 1866
** Sclerophyton Cairns & Wirshing, 2015
** Titanideum Verrill, 1864
** Tripalea Bayer, 1955
* Subergorgiidae Gray, 1859
** Annella Gray, 1858
** Rosgorgia Lopez Gonzalez & Gili, 2001
** Subergorgia Gray, 1857
* Victorgorgiidae Moore, Alderslade & Miller, 2017
** Victorgorgia Lopez Gonzalez & Briand, 2002