OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pseudotocinclus

Pseudotocinclus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.

## Species

There are currently three recognized species in this genus:
* Pseudotocinclus juquiae Takako, Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2005
* Pseudotocinclus parahybae Takako, Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2005
* Pseudotocinclus tietensis (Ihering (pt), 1907)

## Distribution and habitat

Species of Pseudotocinclus are found in the upper Tietê River basin in the ribeirão Grande, a tributary of the middle course of the rio Paraíba do Sul, Pindamonhangaba, in the headwaters of rio Itatinga, a coastal river of São Paulo, and in the upper and lower courses of the Juquiá River of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin, all rivers of São Paulo, Brazil. Like other members of the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae, Pseudotocinclus is primarily herbivorous and is more commonly found at or near the upper portion of the water column. It lives in close association with sub-surface structures provided by submerged tree branches, aquatic macrophytes, and terrestrial grass blades growing along creek margins and extending into the water.

## Description

The genus Pseudotocinclus can be distinguished from other genera of the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae by the presence of a caudal peduncle that is nearly square in cross section from the posterior base of the dorsal fin to the caudal fin, as well as having 26 or more plates along the lateral line, a dorsally positioned eye, an exposed preopercle, and an abdomen covered with numerous small platelets.
The presence of a small naked area on the snout tip distinguishes P. tietensis from P. parahybae and P. juquiae, which have the snout tip covered with small platelets. In addition, P. tietensis has four transverse dark-brown bands on the dorsum coalesced with the midlateral stripe instead of three as in the other two species. P. juquiae is distinguished from the other species by having a very prominent and conspicuous ring structure around the eye. The three species also differ from their congeners by meristics and morphometrics.
# Normal-Grotesk

Normal-Grotesk is a sans-serif typeface that was sold by the Haas Type Foundry (Haas'sche Schriftgiesserei) of Basel and Münchenstein, Switzerland, and popular in Swiss graphic design towards the end of the metal type period in the mid-twentieth century.
As the name suggests, Normal-Grotesk is a “neutral” and functional design on the "grotesque" model popular in nineteenth and twentieth century Germany, with a minimal design lacking decorative features. The typeface is slightly condensed, with almost straight-sided capitals in the regular weight, similar to DIN 1451 and Roboto; the 'r' has a droop and the 'g' is single-storey. Oldřich Hlavsa’s textbook A Book of Type and Design describes it as “a most useful version of the refined display sans-serif, with a perfectly balanced design of the lower-case.”
Around the mid-1950s, a decline in sales took hold of Normal-Grotesk and the Haas Foundry's other grotesque 'Französische Grotesk', as the Akzidenz-Grotesk of Berthold became more popular. This led the Haas Foundry to create “Neue Haas Grotesk”, later renamed Helvetica, in response.
Indra Kupferschmid, an expert on German and Swiss printing history, describes it as a “reworking of “Neue Moderne Grotesk”, originally ca. 1909 by Wagner & Schmidt, Leipzig. Initially issued by Haas under the name “Accidenz-Grotesk”, later spelled “Akzidenz-Grotesk”. In 1943 Haas added a regular weight offered under the name “Normale Akzidenz-Grotesk”. In 1954, the whole family was revised and renamed “Normal-Grotesk”, also to prevent confusion with [the Berthold Type Foundry’s] Akzidenz-Grotesk.” Several characters were reworked to make the forms more contemporary. At the same time, a range of text sizes were made available for the Linotype hot metal typesetting system. Kupferschmid notes that the original design was licensed by Wagner & Schmidt to a number of other European companies, so it "was cast by many European foundries in the early 20th century. Known as Wotan, Neue moderne Grotesk and Edel at Wagner companies/foundries, or – among many others – as Aurora at Weber, Accidenz-Grotesk (later Akzidenz-Grotesk and Normal Grotesk) at Haas, Breite halbfette Grotesk P at Böttger/Berthold, Elite-Grotesk at Poppelbaum, Favorit-Grotesk at Weisert, Moderne Grotesk at AG Schriftguss, Klassische Grotesk at Trennert Altona, Saturn at Schriftguss AG / Brüder Butter, Salon-Grotesk at Stempel, Cairoli from Nebiolo, Scania at Berling, or Grotesca Ideal at Gans (names differ depending on style/weight)."
No official digitisation of Normal-Grotesk has been published as retail typeface so far. As of 2017, it remains commercially available as metal type tooling for bookbinding.
# Táchira Railway

Táchira Railway, the Gran Ferrocarril del Táchira, was a railway in Venezuela. It served a coffee growing region. It connected Encontrados to La Uraca. The line was to be retired in 1955 but continued for some time after that due to the area's lack of roads and dependency on it for connectivity. Other lines were nationalized.

## History

On March 31, 1884, the national government contracted with Manuel Tejera for a line from La Fria to El Brazo. Construction did not commence and on December 31, 1892 the government contracted with Juan and Benito Roncajolo. The government was to receive 5 percent of the line's profits. After 1913 the levy was dropped and land grants provided for expansion. The line was extended to Uraca, Meseta de Cara de Pero, and ultimately to Tachira Station. The company leased its land grants to farmers and ranchers.
In 1924 another contract was agreed to for expansion and upgrading of the line. A branch was added from Orope to Grita.
# Johan Wilhelm Rangell

Johan Wilhelm (Jukka) Rangell (25 October 1894 – 12 March 1982) was the Prime Minister of Finland from 1941 to 1943.
Educated as a lawyer, he was a close acquaintance of President Risto Ryti before the war, and made his initial career as a banker in the Bank of Finland. He played a role in the efforts at a 1940 Summer Olympics in Helsinki after the International Olympic Committee (IOC) retracted the original choice of Tokyo. After the resignation of President Kyösti Kallio during the Interim Peace, Risto Ryti was elected by the Electoral College as the new president of Finland on December 19, 1940, and Rangell rose to the position of Prime Minister. In office, Rangell's expertise and influence dealt mainly with economic issues, while more important foreign policy power rested on Commander-in-Chief Mannerheim, President Ryti and Foreign Minister Witting. Due to his connections to the IOC following the Berlin Olympics, Rangell's political orientation was seen as pro-German.
Rangell's cabinet's belligerent actions in the Continuation War enjoyed the support of the Parliament. He defended the occupation of East Karelia and the regaining of the areas ceded in the Peace of Moscow. During Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler's state visit to Finland in August 1942, Rangell silenced Himmler's questions concerning the Jewish minority of Finland by famously stating: "Wir haben keine Judenfrage" ("We do not have a Jewish question").
He served as the governor of the Bank of Finland from 1943 to 1944.
In the war-responsibility trials, Rangell was convicted for 6 years of prison in February 1946 for alleged crimes against peace. He was pardoned in 1949. After his release, Rangell did not return to politics, but continued to work for the Finnish Olympic Committee and the IOC until 1967. He also belonged to the board of Kansallis-Osake-Pankki bank.

## Cabinets

* Rangell Cabinet
# Umbarra

Umbarra, or King Merriman (died 1904) was an elder of the Djirringanj/Yuin people of the Bermagui area on what has become called the Sapphire Coast since European Colonial settlement of far-southern New South Wales coastal area.
Although Aboriginal people traditionally did not have kings or chiefs, only elders, the colonial powers used to often grant king plates to certain elders, hence the moniker "King".

## Life

Umbarra lived on Merriman Island, in the middle of Wallaga Lake, while his people lived on the shores of the lake. Umbarra was believed to have clairvoyant abilities, and communicated with a black duck, his moojingarl or being with which he had a spiritual connection, which warned him of coming danger.
Umbarra provided information on the Yuin to Alfred William Howitt for Howitt's 1904 book The native tribes of South-East Australia.
Umbarra's father, who was also associated with the black duck, is believed to have also been named Merriman and to have died around 1850. His wife, Queen Narelle, died around 1900. The brother of Umbarra and the brother of Narelle, despite being unrelated to one another, founded a single family, the Nobles. Yuin genealogist and researcher Dave Tout is a descendant of the Nobles.

## Legends

Many legends exist about Umbarra and his moojingarl. One day it told him of a group of warriors coming from the far south to do battle. King Merriman remained on the island while the other men took the women and children to a place of safety and then hid in the reeds. The first to sight the approaching warriors, the King warned his men who fought a fierce battle but lost. The opposing tribesmen then set out for the island.
King Merriman threw powerful spears, and a boomerang which severed the arms and heads of his opponents before returning to him, but it was not enough. He then turned himself into a whirlwind and flew off. He passed over the fierce Kiola tribe and their wise men correctly divined his presence and that it meant the defeat of the Wallaga people and the advance of another tribe. King Merriman journeyed on to the Shoalhaven tribe to warn them but the Kiola tribe defeated the invaders and the King, whose power was finished, stayed for a time at the Shoalhaven then travelled away.

## Today

General access to Merriman Island is forbidden due to its great significance for Indigenous people, and is gazetted as an Aboriginal site.
The former Wallaga Lake National Park is incorporated into Gulaga National Park.
# Hanna Musleh

Hanna Musleh is a Palestinian film maker and university professor.

## Studies

Musleh was born in 1954 in Beit Jala to Wahbe and Nijmeh Musleh where he attended the Mennonite School. He studied at Leningrad State University in Russia for a degree in anthropology and Manchester University in England afterwards. Since 1980 he has worked as a professor at Bethlehem University teaching cultural studies, history, anthropology film appreciation, religion and philosophy where he remains with his Russian wife Lilia and their son Alexander.

## Filmography

* Sahar’s Wedding (1991) - a wedding in Al-Khader, a small village outside of Bethlehem under Israeli occupation during the first Intifada.
* International Centre of Bethlehem (ICB) debate TV show series - chronicles Palestinian self-determination, physically disabled Palestinians, Palestinian suffering, emotional Palestinian biographies, individual Palestinian despair, Palestinian elections, Palestinian health, Palestinian water deficiency
* Cairo International Festival for Children’s Cinema - the life of Palestinian children who suffered permanent disabilities in the ongoing violence in the Holy Land: awarded with the Golden Award for a Short Film.
* We are God’s Soldiers - two brothers, one supporting Fatah, the other Hamas
* Palestinian Sign Language - Palestinian kids with special needs
* I Am a Little Angel - Palestinian girls going through Israeli checkpoints
* In the Spider’s Web
* Walling In Walling Out: A Bethlehem Story.
# San Cristóbal

San Cristóbal, Spanish for Saint Christopher, may refer to:

## Places
### Argentina

* San Cristóbal, Santa Fe
* San Cristóbal, Buenos Aires, a neighborhood (barrio)

### Bolivia

* San Cristóbal mine (Bolivia), a silver, zinc and lead mine

### Chile

* San Cristóbal Hill, a hill and public park in Santiago
* San Cristóbal de La Paz, a former fortress

### Colombia

* San Cristóbal, Bogotá
* San Cristóbal, Bolívar

### Cuba

* San Cristóbal, Cuba, in the province of Artemisa
* Havana, founded as Villa de San Cristóbal de la Habana

### Dominican Republic

* San Cristóbal Province
* San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic

### Ecuador

* San Cristóbal Island, an island in the Galápagos
* San Cristóbal Canton, surrounding the island

### El Salvador

* San Cristóbal, Cuscatlán

### Guatemala

* Ciudad San Cristóbal, a neighbourhood in the city of Mixco
* San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán
* San Cristóbal Cucho
* San Cristóbal Totonicapán
* San Cristóbal Verapaz

### Mexico

* San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas
* San Cristóbal Amatlán, Oaxaca
* San Cristóbal Amoltepec, Oaxaca
* San Cristóbal Ecatepec
** San Cristóbal (Mexibús, Line 2), a BRT station in Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico
** San Cristóbal (Mexibús, Line 4), a BRT station in Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico
* San Cristóbal Lachirioag, Oaxaca
* San Cristóbal Suchixtlahuaca, Oaxaca

### Nicaragua

* San Cristóbal Volcano

### Panama

* Cristóbal Island, Bocas del Torro Province
* Estadio San Cristóbal, a stadium in Chiriquí Province

### Paraguay

* San Cristóbal (Asunción)
* San Cristóbal District, Paraguay

### Peru

* San Cristóbal District, Luya, a district in the Amazonas Region

### Philippines

* Mount San Cristobal
* San Cristobal River

### Puerto Rico

* San Cristóbal (Puerto Rico), a sector in San Juan

### Solomon Islands

* San Cristóbal or Makira, an island

### Spain

* San Cristóbal (Madrid), a neighbourhood
** San Cristóbal (Madrid Metro), a metro station
* San Cristóbal, Cantabria, a town
* San Cristóbal (Oscos), a parish in Villanueva de Oscos, Asturias
* San Cristóbal de La Laguna, a suburban area of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (province)
* Fort San Cristóbal (Spain), a fort in Navarre
* San Cristóbal Lighthouse, a lighthouse on La Gomera, Canary Islands

### United States

* San Cristobal, New Mexico, a census-designated place in Taos County

### Venezuela

* San Cristóbal, Táchira

## Other uses

* San Cristóbal (volleyball club), Dominican Republic
* San Cristobal de la Habana (cigar), a brand of Cuban cigars
* Cristóbal Carbine, an automatic rifle
# Laelaroa

Laelaroa is a genus of moths in the subfamily Lymantriinae. The genus was erected by Hering in 1926. Both species are known from Nigeria.

## Species

* Laelaroa flavimargo Hering, 1926
* Laelaroa fulvicosta (Hampson, 1910
# Lake Barbara, Texas

Lake Barbara is a ghost town in Brazoria County, Texas, United States. It is located within the Greater Houston metropolitan area.

## History

The community became a part of Brazosport sometime after 1944. It was incorporated as Lake Barbara Village in August 1954 and adopted home-rule charter status in 1957. Its population was 477, with four businesses in 1961. Five years later, the population grew to 500 and reached its high water mark of 625 in 1974. Two years later, it became a part of the Clute city limits, the city of which it was originally a part.

## Geography

Lake Barbara was located near a lake of the same name as well as on the Missouri Pacific Railroad line east of Texas State Highway 288, 10 miles (16 km) south of Angleton in southeastern Brazoria County.

## Education

Today, Lake Barbara is located within the Brazosport Independent School District.
# Lahouari Bahlaz

Lahouari Bahlaz (born 12 March 1979) is an Algerian track and field athlete who competes in disability athletics in the F32 category. Bahlaz specializes in both the discus and club throw, winning two bronze medals at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London.

## Athletics career

Bahlaz began training as an athlete at the age of 30. His first major international competition was at the 2011 IPC Athletics World Championships in Christchurch. There he entered two throwing events the club throw and the discus winning gold in both and setting a new world record of 20.30m in the latter. He followed this by representing Algeria at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, again competing in the club throw F31/32/52 and discus F32–24. At London he equaled his world record distance in the discus, but he was beaten into third place with world records by both Wang Yanzhang of China (F34) and Hani Alnakhli of Saudi Arabia (F33). Bahlaz took his second bronze medal of the Games with a throw of 36.31m and missing out on the gold medal by 7 points.
He followed this in 2013 with another successful World Championships, beating both Wang and Alnakhli in the discus to retain his gold medal. He also successfully defended his club throw title to leave Lyon with two gold medals.
# Lahou-Kpandah

Lahou-Kpandah (also spelled Lahou-Kpanda, also known as Ebobou) is a coastal village in southern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Grand-Lahou, Grand-Lahou Department, Grands-Ponts Region, Lagunes District. The village is just east of the town of Grand-Lahou, at the eastern end of the peninsula.
Lahou-Kpandah was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Rodrigues Alves, Acre

07°44′31″S 72°38′49″W﻿ / ﻿7.74194°S 72.64694°W﻿ / -7.74194; -72.64694
Rodrigues Alves (Portuguese pronunciation:) is a municipality located in the west of the Brazilian state of Acre. Its population is 19,351 according to the 2020 estimates.
The municipality contains 13.45% of the 846,633 hectares (2,092,080 acres) Serra do Divisor National Park, created in 1989.
# Lake Naococane

Lake Naococane is a lake in northern Quebec, Canada. It is located in the eastern part of the municipality of Baie-James.
* This Quebec location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Lagos State Junior Model College Kankon

Lagos State Junior Model College Kankon is a state owned secondary school located in Kankon area Badagry, Lagos State.

## History

Owing to the change in the organizational structure of secondary schools in Lagos State, Lagos State Junior Model College was carved out from Lagos State Model College Kankon in 2003.

## Facilities

Along with other model colleges in the state, Lagos State Junior Model College, Kankon operates an all boarding schooling system.

## Former principals

* Mrs S.I Sanni, January 2003 to 13 November 2005
* Mrs Adeyemi, 21 November 2005 to 21 February 2007
* Mr J.M Ashaka, 21 February to 1 March 2011
* Mr Ajose, 2011 to 19 July 2013
* Mr J.M Ashaka, 2013 to 1 July 2014
* Mrs. S.M Ayo, 2014 to present
# Rogelio Ortega

Rogelio Ortega may refer to:
* Rogelio Ortega Martínez (born 1955), Mexican educator and interim governor of Guerrero
* Rogelio Ortega (chess player) (1915–1980), Cuban chess player
# Roger Clifton Jennison

Roger Clifton Jennison (18 December 1922 – 29 December 2006) worked as a radio astronomer at Jodrell Bank under the guidance of Robert Hanbury Brown. Jennison made a number of discoveries in the field of radio astronomy, including the discovery of the double nature of radio source Cygnus A (3C 405.0) with M K Das Gupta and the mapping of Cassiopeia A with V Latham.

## Early life

Jennison was born in Grimsby, England, in 1922. His education was at Clee Grammar School for Boys. He was commissioned from RAF aircrew to the Technical Branch-Signals, where he developed radar and microwave systems using the magnetron.

## Radio astronomy

In the 1950s he developed a new observable for obtaining information about visibility phases in an interferometer when delay errors are present called the closure phase. He performed the first measurements of closure phase at optical wavelengths. Jennison saw greater potential for his technique in radio interferometry, and proposed that it should be tested on a three-element radio interferometer at Jodrell Bank. In 1958 he successfully demonstrated its effectiveness at radio wavelengths, but it only became widely used for long baseline radio interferometry in 1974. A minimum of three antennas are required. This method was used for the first VLBI measurements, and a modified form of this approach ("Self-Calibration") is still used today at radio, optical and infrared wavelengths.

## Academic career

Jennison was appointed to the University of Kent at Canterbury in 1965 and was the first Professor of Physical Electronics at the University. Within a year he established the Electronics Laboratory (later Department of Electronics and now School of Engineering and Digital Arts) at the University. Prior to his appointment at Kent he was Senior Lecturer in Radio Astronomy at Jodrell Bank Observatory and Senior Lecturer in Physics, Manchester University.
His research interests extended to relativity, studying paths of light in rotating systems, and also to studying water divining and ball lightning. With the latter, Jennison reported his personal encounter with the phenomenon as an airline passenger during a flight in March 1963, when a glowing ball of light was created inside the aircraft following a lightning strike.
After retirement he was appointed as the emeritus professor of physical electronics at the University of Kent. He died on 29 December 2006.
The building which he helped design to house the Electronics Laboratory, now the seat of the School of Engineering and Digital Arts, was named after him by the University of Kent in 2009.

## Interest in the arts

Jennison was a co-founder of the Canterbury Society of Art and was involved in the activities of the Canterbury Arts Council. He was also a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Institution of Electrical Engineers and the Royal Society of Arts.
Roger Clifton Jennison's interest in the arts may have been stimulated by his father, George Robert Jennison, who was a well-known portrait painter in his home town of Grimsby and whose work is still on display in Grimsby Town Hall.
# Laidlaw (surname)

Laidlaw is a Scottish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alex Laidlaw (1877–1933), Scottish sportsman
* Anna Robena Laidlaw (1819–1901), British pianist
* Bill Laidlaw (1914–1941), Scottish professional golfer
* Sir Christophor Laidlaw (1922–2010), British businessman
* Chris Laidlaw (born 1943), New Zealand rugby union player, public servant, diplomat, radio host and politician
* Clyde Laidlaw (1933–2024), Australian rules footballer
* Daniel Laidlaw (1875–1950), Scottish piper, recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Diana Laidlaw (born 1951), South Australian politician
* Don Laidlaw (1923–2009), South Australian politician, father of Diana
* Ethan Laidlaw (1899–1963), American actor
* Frank Fortescue Laidlaw (1876–1963), British biologist
* Frank Laidlaw (born 1940), Scottish rugby union player
* George Laidlaw (1828–1889), British-Canadian businessman
* Greig Laidlaw (born 1985), Scottish rugby union player
* Harriet Burton Laidlaw (1873–1949), American social reformer and suffragist
* Irvine Laidlaw, Baron Laidlaw (born 1942), Scottish businessman
* James Laidlaw (1822–1905), multiple people
* Joe Laidlaw (1950–2021), English footballer
* John Coleman Laidlaw (1921–2015), Canadian endocrinologist
* John Laidlaw (born 1936), English footballer
* Lorna Laidlaw (born 1963), English actress and television presenter
* Kevin Laidlaw (born 1934), New Zealand rugby union player
* Marc Laidlaw (born 1960), American writer
* Matthew Laidlaw (born 1987), Australian rules footballer
* Patrick Laidlaw (1881–1940), Scottish virologist
* Paul Laidlaw (born 1967), Scottish auctioneer and television personality
* Sir Robert Laidlaw (MP) (1856–1915), British philanthropist, entrepreneur and politician
* Robert Laidlaw (1885–1971), New Zealand businessman
* Ross Laidlaw (author), Scottish writer, active since 1979
* Ross Laidlaw (born 1992), Scottish football goalkeeper
* Roy Laidlaw (born 1953), Scottish rugby union player
* Stuart Laidlaw (1877–1960), Canadian lacrosse player
* Thomas Laidlaw (politician) (1813–1876), Scottish-born Australian politician
* Thomas Kennedy Laidlaw (1864–1943), Irish racehorse owner
* Tom Laidlaw (born 1958), Canadian ice hockey player
* William Laidlaw (poet) (1780–1845), Scottish poet
* William G. Laidlaw (1840–1908), U.S. Representative from New York