OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zaho Koka

Zaho Koka (14 July 1920, Vuno - 1944), was an Albanian World War II partisan and Hero of the People of Albania.

## Early life

Koka was born in Vuno, Albania. His family was known for growing citrus, building mills, cheesemaking, and weapon manufacturing. His mother Katerina came to Vuno from Grabocka in Korçë. Zaho grew up in Vuno along with his two brothers and three sisters.

## World War II partisan activity

On August 25, 1942, Zaho led the action in Vishë where he ambushed lieutenant Luigi Moretti and carabinieri Fulvio Capelletti. In 1941 he became part of the partisan detachments and in 1942 he entered the "Fifth Assault Brigade", assuming the role of deputy commissar of the Third Battalion of this Brigade. During this time, he met the partisan Ramize Gjebrea, who was accused at the time of having an affair with him. The General Staff decided to court-martial Ramize Gjebrea by executing her, while a lighter measure was taken for Zaho, removing him from all functions in the Brigade. In June 1944 he committed passive suicide by facing the front of the German convoy and their bullets.
Unlike Ramize, Zaho was proclaimed "Hero of the People" and throughout the years of communism in Albania he was honored as a good fighter who fell in the war. Several books have been written about Zaho and Ramize's love in recent years.
# Yorcard

Yorcard was an electronic smart card ticketing programme in Yorkshire. It grew from the pilot of the same name completed in 2009. Yorcard Limited was a not-for-profit company limited by guarantee. Its two guarantors were the South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive and West Yorkshire Metro. The company's mission was to create a multi-operator smart ticketing system in the whole of the region of Yorkshire and the Humber, ensuring that provision is made to support (especially) smaller operators, multi-operator travel card organisations and regional local authorities. One of the strands of Yorcard's integrated ticketing strategy is to provide a very low-cost pre-paid smart card solution (similar in concept to Oyster's "Pay as You Go" product) for use by all the transport operators in the region.
A trial of LASSEO based encoding was trialled in 2010 to see how the card could be used to allow citizens access to leisure and library services.
# Basavaraj Rajguru

Pandit Basavraj Rajguru (24 August 1920 – 1991) was a leading Indian classical vocalist in the Kirana gharana (singing style).

## Early life and training

Basavraj was born into a family of scholars, astrologers and musicians in Yaliwal, a village in the north Karnataka district of Dharwad, a great centre of classical music. He was initiated into classical music at an early age by his father, who was himself a renowned Carnatic musician trained in Tanjavur.
Basavaraj was fond of music from a very young age. He would try to persuade drama producers and actors to let him sing in their plays, and first became known while singing for Vamanrao Master’s traveling drama company. When he was 13 years old, he lost his father. His uncle became concerned about his future in drama. Around this time Panchakshari Gawai discovered Basavraj and took him into his tutelage.
In 1936 at the 600th anniversary of the Vijayanagara Empire in Hampi, Basavraj gave his first concert with his guru Gawai.
After the passing away of Gawai in 1944, Basavraj moved to Bombay and had the chance to learn from the Kirana musician and teacher Sawai Gandharva. But Sawai Gandharva was suffering from paralysis and had to leave Bombay, so he told Sureshbabu Mane, another Kirana musician, to teach Basavraj. After learning from him, Rajaguru's quest took him to the North West of Pakistan, where he learned from Waheed Khan, Gawai’s guru. In Karachi he learnt from Latif Khan for six months.

## Career

Basavraj's repertoire ranged from the pure classical, Khyal, to Vachanas, Natyageet, Thumri, and Ghazal (different styles of Indian music) spanning eight languages.

## Awards

The Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri in 1975 and the Padma Bhushan in 1991.
He also received Sangeet Natak Akademi awards from central and state governments. He was also awarded an honorary doctorate by the Karnataka University, Dharwad.

## Death

Basavraj died in July 1991, one of three illustrious Dharwad musicians to do so during this period (Kumar Gandharva died in January 1992 and Mallikarjun Mansur in September 1992).

## Awards

* Padma Bhushan

## Pt Basavaraj Rajguru Memorial National Award

The first Pt. Basavaraj Rajguru Memorial National Award was conferred on vocalist Pt. Ullas Kashalkar of Kolkata on 23 August 2011 during the 91st birth anniversary of Pandit Basavaraj Rajguru.
The national award carries a cash prize of Rs. 100,000 and a citation. On the occasion two young musicians Jayateerth Mevundi and Sangeeta Katti were conferred the Pt. Basavaraj Rajguru Memorial Yuva Puraskars which carry a cash prize of Rs. 25,000 each and a citation.
# Rubén Suárez

Rubén Suárez Estrada (Spanish pronunciation:; born 19 February 1979) is a Spanish former footballer. Mainly an attacking midfielder, he could also play as a second striker.
He appeared in 283 Segunda División matches over 13 seasons, totalling 49 goals for Sporting de Gijón, Elche, Levante and Almería. He added 61 games and 13 goals in La Liga with the two last clubs, and also competed professionally in China and Greece.

## Club career

Born in Gijón, and a product of local Sporting de Gijón's famed youth academy, Mareo, Suárez played six seasons with the Asturians' first team in the Segunda División. He stayed in that league afterwards, with four additional years at Elche CF.
Suárez joined Levante UD in the same division on 31 July 2008, on a two-year contract. In his first year he finished as the side's top scorer at 12, mainly due to the serious fibula injury to Alexandre Geijo.
In the 2009–10 season, Suárez repeated the feat (again netting in double digits), as the Valencians returned to La Liga after a two-year absence. On 28 August 2010, at the age of 31 years, six months and nine days, he made his debut in the top division, opening the score at home against Sevilla FC through a penalty kick, in an eventual 4–1 defeat.
In late June 2012, aged 33, Suárez had his first adventure abroad, signing with Chinese Super League club Guizhou Renhe F.C. and reuniting with former Levante teammates Rafa Jordà and Nano, after contributing eight goals in less than 1,000 minutes of play to Levante's first-ever qualification for the UEFA Europa League after a sixth-place finish in the league.
Suárez returned to his country on 3 January 2013, signing with second-tier UD Almería for 18 months.

## International career

Suárez played all the matches for Spain at the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship held in Nigeria, scoring in a 3–1 group stage win against Honduras – the only game where he did not appear from the bench – as the national team won the tournament. Later that year, he earned one cap for the under-21s.

## Personal life

Suárez's father, Secundino, was also a footballer. A defender, he too played for Sporting Gijón.

## Honours

Spain U20
* FIFA World Youth Championship: 1999
# Latin American Federation of Neurosurgical Societies

Latin American Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (FLANC) is the continental, non-governmental, learned society representing the neurosurgeons of Latin American region. It is one of the 5 Continental Associations (AANS, AASNS, CAANS, EANS and FLANC) of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS).
# Latin American Economic System

The Latin American and the Caribbean Economic System, officially known as Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe (SELA), is an organization founded in 1975 to promote economic cooperation and social development between Latin American and the Caribbean countries. In the early 1990s, its representatives consisted of members from 28 countries and took part in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations, which led to a new global agreement on restrictions on trade and established the World Trade Organization (WTO).
The Latin American Council represents SELA's policy-making body and meets once a year. The main administrative body is the secretariat, located in Caracas, Venezuela.

## Objectives

International relations scholar Sheldon Liss, in Diplomacy and Dependency: Venezuela, the United States, and the Americas (1978) described the initial objectives of SELA:
   SELA, composed of twenty-five member states, and to which Venezuela contributes the largest share (17 per cent) of the budget, hopes to: restructure international commerce in basic commodities in order to raise developing states' export values, improve trade conditions, stimulate industrial development, control foreign-based transnational corporations, create Latin American multinational companies which will use to better advantage the human, technological, and financial resources of the area, sponsor organizations to process and market raw materials, improve the negotiating power of the member states, and plan joint economic strategies.
   SELA members deem it likely that Venezuelan oil wealth will permit them easy access to petrodollars for use as finance capital. (pp 271, 2.)

## Member countries

* Argentina
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Grenada
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* Uruguay
* Venezuela
# Latiya (village)

Latiya is a village in the district of Siddharth Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
# Rudolph Kirwan

Brigadier Rudolph Charles Hogg Kirwan DSO, OBE (1903–1990) was a British Army officer who twice briefly commanded the 4th Division during the Second World War.

## Military career

Educated at Eagle House School and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Kirwan was commissioned into the Royal Artillery on 31 January 1923.
He attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1938 to 1939.
He served in the Second World War as Directory Royal Artillery for the 4th Division, and then the division's 10th Infantry Brigade, which was serving in Greece during the early stages of the Greek Civil War. While Major-General Dudley Ward, the 4th's commander, was otherwise engaged, Kirwan served as acting General Officer Commanding 4th Division from 9 March 1945 to 2 April 1945 and then again from 20 April 1945 to 25 April 1945.
Kirwan was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 16 July 1940 and a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order on 19 April 1945.
# Laura Podestà

Laura Podestà (21 April 1954 – 20 December 2022) was an Italian swimmer. She competed in three events at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Laura Pollán

Laura Inés Pollán Toledo (February 13, 1948 in Manzanillo, Cuba – October 14, 2011) was a prominent Cuban opposition leader. Pollan founded the dissident group Ladies in White, which holds pacific protest marches with the wives and spouses of political prisoners in Cuba to demand their release.
Pollan worked as a literature teacher until her retirement in 2004. In 2003, her husband, Héctor Maseda Gutiérrez, and seventy-four other Cubans, now known as the Group of 75, were arrested in the Black Spring, a crackdown on opposition figures. The group included journalists, activists, and commentators whom the Cuban government accused of taking money from foreign governments, including the United States.
Pollan soon began appearing outside government facilities where her husband could have potentially been imprisoned. She soon ran into the wives of other political prisoners, which led to the founding of the Ladies in White. Pollan always wore white, a symbol of the organization, and became a key opposition figure in Cuba. Her home at 963 Calle Neptuno in Havana became a center of opposition where she hosted literary tea for wives of political prisoners.
Pollan died of cardiorespiratory arrest on October 14, 2011, at the age of 63. She had been hospitalized since October 7. According to the Cuban government, she had suffered from dengue fever.
# Lawrence King (sociologist)

Lawrence Peter King (born 20 October 1966) is a professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Prior to 2017, he held a position as a professor of sociology and political economy at the University of Cambridge. His research work is focused on the political economy of postcommunism and, more recently, the political economy of public health.
King graduated from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (BA), and the University of California, Los Angeles (MA and PhD). Prior to his appointment in Cambridge, he served as assistant professor (1997–2003) and associate professor (2004–2006) at Yale University.
# Rufous-sided broadbill

The rufous-sided broadbill (Smithornis rufolateralis) is a species of bird in the family Calyptomenidae.
It is sparsely distributed throughout the intra-tropical rainforest of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
# Rujm al-Shami

Rujm al-Shami is a town in the Amman Governorate in northwestern Jordan.
# Rubbing (art)

A rubbing (frottage) is a reproduction of the texture of a surface created by placing a piece of paper or similar material over the subject and then rubbing the paper with something to deposit marks, most commonly charcoal or pencil but also various forms of blotted and rolled ink, chalk, wax, and many other substances. For all its simplicity, the technique can be used to produce blur-free images of minuscule elevations and depressions on areas of any size in a way that can hardly be matched by even the most elaborate, state-of-the-art methods. In this way, surface elevations measuring only a few thousandths of a millimeter can be made visible.

## Uses

Common uses for this technique include:
* Brass rubbing, to make copies of monumental brasses
* Forensic uses, including finding out what was written on a sheet of paper removed from a pad by rubbing the impressions left on subsequent sheets or other backing materials
* Frottage (from French frotter, "to rub"), a surrealist art form; a method of creative production developed by surrealist artist Max Ernst in 1925. The artist places a piece of paper over an uneven surface, then marks the paper with a drawing tool (such as a pastel or pencil), thus creating a rubbing. The drawing can be left as it is or used as the basis for further refinement. Ernst was inspired by an ancient wooden floor where the grain of the planks had been accentuated by many years of scrubbing. The patterns of the graining suggested strange images to him. He captured these by laying sheets of paper on the floor and then rubbing over them with a soft pencil.
* Stone rubbing, to make copies of patterns and inscriptions of gravestones or other incised or textured stone surfaces
# Rubbish, King of the Jumble

Rubbish King of the Jumble is a children's animated television series on CITV created by Mark Taylor and featured the voice of Alexei Sayle. It was also produced by A Productions for HTV from 29 June 1993 to 2 September 1994.

## Series

In this name being a play of "King of the Jungle", the series focused on an overfed cat named Rubbish who lives in the junk-filled attic of an old house. He tries and gets a quest to take food by using different disguises and schemes. But they get backfired by many of his enemies like the birds, the mice and a ferocious guard dog named Dinsdale who does nothing but chasing Rubbish and biting him on the tail.

## Trivia

* The episodes were written by American writers Pamela Hickey and Dennys McCoy who also wrote episodes for other cartoon series like Butt-Ugly Martians, Tiny Toon Adventures, The Real Ghostbusters, Growing Up Creepie, ToddWorld, Beetlejuice and DuckTales.
* The background music and the theme tune was composed by Andre Jacquemin and Dave Howman who composed the music for Boo! and BB3B and the song from The Meaning of Life Every Sperm is Sacred.
* The show also aired on ABC in Australia.
* The show later reran on British digital television on the former digital television channel for children Carlton Kids.
* The English version of the show was also broadcast in Germany and West Germany on BFBS on their children's block as part of Children's SSVC.
# Le Charme

Le Charme (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.

## Geography

The commune is traversed by the river Aveyron.
# I Do Believe

I Do Believe may refer to:
* I Do Believe, an album from Gaither Vocal Band discography
* I Do Believe (Tha Feelstyle song), 2006
* I Do Believe (The Highwaymen song), 1995
* "I Do Believe", song and single by Kid Creole and the Coconuts from 2011 album I Wake Up Screaming
* "I Do Believe", song by Clyde McPhatter, B-side of "Maybe", 1962
* "I Do Believe (I Fell in Love)", song by Donna Summer, B-side of "She Works Hard for the Money" 1983
# Johanna Holmström

Johanna Holmström (born 1981) is a Finland-Swedish author.
Holmström was born in Sipoo and lives in Helsinki. Her first publication was the short-story collection Inlåst och andra noveller (2003), from which the short story "Inlåst" ('Locked Up') was nominated for the Swedish Radio Short-story Prize in 2004. This was followed by the short story collection Tvåsamhet (‘Twosomeness’, 2005). Holmström's first novel was published in September 2007: Ur din längtan ('Out of your Longing'). In 2009 she won the Svenska Dagbladet Literature Prize for her third short-story collection Camera Obscura, a connected series of stories focused on young eco-terrorists in Helsinki. Since then, she has published Asfaltsänglar ('Asphalt Angels', 2013), Hush Baby (2015) and Själarnas ö (Island of Souls, 2017). Själarnas ö tells the stories of three of the inmates of a women-only mental hospital on the island of Själö near Turku.
# Ward M. Hussey

Ward MacLean Hussey (March 13, 1920 – November 16, 2009) drafted the principal part of the United States federal income tax laws, beginning before the enactment of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954.
Hussey received his undergraduate and law degrees from Harvard University, and a master's degree in political science from Columbia University. After serving in the U.S. Navy, he attended Japanese language school in Boulder, Colorado, and assisted with the establishment of military government on Okinawa during World War II.
Hussey spent 42 years in the Office of Legislative Counsel for the U.S. House of Representatives, beginning with his appointment in November 1946. He served as Legislative Counsel from 1972 until his retirement in 1989. He participated in the drafting of major legislation, including two versions of the Internal Revenue Code, the Marshall Plan, the Interstate Highway Act and Medicare. After retirement, he traveled extensively to assist emerging and developing countries in the drafting of tax law. He co-authored the book Basic World Tax Code and Commentary, with Donald C. Lubick. The book was translated into multiple languages.
On March 1, 1989, the 101st Congress passed a resolution honoring his service (H. Res. 97).
# Rhythmic gymnastics at the 2001 World Games – Clubs

The clubs event in rhythmic gymnastics at the 2001 World Games in Akita was played from 22 to 23 August. The competition took place at Akita City Gymnasium.

## Competition format

A total of 24 athletes entered the competition. The best eight athletes from preliminary round advances to the final.

## Results
### Preliminary

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Score | Note |
| 1 | Irina Tchachina | Russia | 28.325 | Q |
| 2 | Lyasan Utiasheva | Russia | 27.765 | Q |
| 3 | Elena Tkachenko | Belarus | 27.275 | Q |
| 4 | Jessica Howard | United States | 26.225 | Q |
| 5 | Almudena Cid Tostado | Spain | 26.000 | Q |
| 6 | Yukari Murata | Japan | 25.650 | Q |
| 7 | Esther Domínguez | Spain | 25.375 | Q |
| 8 | Cho Eun-jung | South Korea | 25.075 | Q |
| 9 | Mojca Rode | Slovenia | 25.025 | |
| 10 | Ai Yokochi | Japan | 25.025 | |
| 11 | Mary Sanders | Canada | 24.550 | |
| 12 | Catarina Borges | Portugal | 23.900 | |
| 13 | Katarína Beluginová | Slovakia | 23.550 | |
| 14 | Demetra Sergiou | Cyprus | 23.025 | |
| 15 | Son Eun-jung | South Korea | 23.000 | |
| 16 | Daniela Masseroni | Italy | 22.825 | |
| 17 | Liliana Teixeira | Portugal | 22.800 | |
| 18 | Irina Funtikova | Canada | 22.750 | |
| 19 | Olga Karmansky | United States | 22.750 | |
| 20 | Kate Riley | Australia | 22.650 | |
| 21 | Brigitta Haris | Hungary | 22.525 | |
| 22 | Sherin Taama | Egypt | 21.350 | |
| 23 | Laura Vernizzi | Italy | 20.950 | |
| 24 | Belinda Potgieter | South Africa | 19.475 | |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Score |
| | Irina Tchachina | Russia | 28.575 |
| | Lyasan Utiasheva | Russia | 27.425 |
| | Elena Tkachenko | Belarus | 26.850 |
| 4 | Almudena Cid Tostado | Spain | 26.075 |
| 5 | Jessica Howard | United States | 25.550 |
| 6 | Yukari Murata | Japan | 24.650 |
| 7 | Esther Domínguez | Spain | 24.475 |
| 8 | Cho Eun-jung | South Korea | 23.750 |
# Pleasant Township

Pleasant Township may refer to:

## Illinois

* Pleasant Township, Fulton County, Illinois

## Indiana

* Pleasant Township, Allen County, Indiana
* Pleasant Township, Grant County, Indiana
* Pleasant Township, Johnson County, Indiana
* Pleasant Township, LaPorte County, Indiana
* Pleasant Township, Porter County, Indiana
* Pleasant Township, Steuben County, Indiana
* Pleasant Township, Switzerland County, Indiana
* Pleasant Township, Wabash County, Indiana

## Iowa

* Pleasant Township, Appanoose County, Iowa
* Pleasant Township, Cass County, Iowa
* Pleasant Township, Hardin County, Iowa
* Pleasant Township, Lucas County, Iowa
* Pleasant Township, Monroe County, Iowa
* Pleasant Township, Pottawattamie County, Iowa
* Pleasant Township, Poweshiek County, Iowa
* Pleasant Township, Union County, Iowa, in Union County, Iowa
* Pleasant Township, Wapello County, Iowa
* Pleasant Township, Winneshiek County, Iowa, in Winneshiek County, Iowa
* Pleasant Township, Wright County, Iowa

## Kansas

* Pleasant Township, Butler County, Kansas
* Pleasant Township, Coffey County, Kansas
* Pleasant Township, Harvey County, Kansas
* Pleasant Township, Lincoln County, Kansas, in Lincoln County, Kansas
* Pleasant Township, Smith County, Kansas, in Smith County, Kansas

## North Dakota

* Pleasant Township, Cass County, North Dakota, in Cass County, North Dakota

## Ohio

* Pleasant Township, Brown County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Clark County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Fairfield County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Franklin County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Hancock County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Hardin County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Henry County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Knox County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Logan County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Madison County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Marion County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Perry County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Putnam County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Seneca County, Ohio
* Pleasant Township, Van Wert County, Ohio

## Pennsylvania

* Pleasant Township, Pennsylvania

## South Dakota

* Pleasant Township, Clark County, South Dakota, in Clark County, South Dakota
* Pleasant Township, Hanson County, South Dakota, in Hanson County, South Dakota
* Pleasant Township, Hutchinson County, South Dakota, in Hutchinson County, South Dakota
* Pleasant Township, Jerauld County, South Dakota, in Jerauld County, South Dakota
* Pleasant Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota, in Lincoln County, South Dakota
* Pleasant Township, Lyman County, South Dakota, in Lyman County, South Dakota