OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Padmanabha Gautam

Wing Commander Padmanabha Gautam, MVC & Bar, VM (23 July 1933 – 25 November 1972) was an officer in the Indian Air Force. He was awarded the India's second-highest war-time gallantry award, the Maha Vir Chakra twice. Awarded during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Gautam is one of only six officers to have been decorated with the Maha Vir Chakra twice.

## Early life and education

Gautam was born on 23 July 1933 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu to Neelkanta Padmanabha.

## Military career

Gautam was commissioned into the Indian Air Force on 1 April 1953. In 1961, he served as a Flight Lieutenant which as deployed in Congo and was awarded the Vayu Sena Medal for his service. On 25 November 1972, he died in an air-crash due to internal bleeding. The engine of his MIG-21FL flamed shortly after take-off and he was forced to crash land.

## Maha Vir Chakra

The citation for the first Maha Vir Chakra awarded to him reads:
   Gazette Notification: 126 Pres/65,22-9-65
   Operation: Operation Riddle, Date of Award: 6 September 1965
   Citation: Squadron Leader P. Gautam, Commanding Officer of a bomber conversion-training unit led it in a number of difficult and dangerous missions. He undertook six important offensive and tactical close-support operations over Pakistani territory during the period from 6 to 21 September 1965. In complete disregard of personal safety in the face of heavy enemy ground fire and of the risk of attack by Pakistani Sabrejets, he carried out his missions successfully with courage and determination. These missions included reconnaissance deep into enemy territory and the bombing of Akwal and Gujarat airfields and enemy troops concentrations in the Gujarat and Chawinda areas.
   Throughout the operations, Squadron Leader P Gautam's devotion to duty, professional skill and gallantry were in the finest traditions of the Air Force.
The citation for the second Maha Vir Chakra awarded to him reads:
   Gazette Notification: 22 Pres/72,12-2-72
   Operation: 1971 Cactus Lily Date of Award: 5 December 1971
   Citation:
   Commander P/ Gautam, Commanding Officer of a bomber squadron, led many missions deep into enemy territory. Notable among these were two raids on the night of the 5 and 7 December 1971 when Wing Commander Gautam led attacks on the Mianwali airfield. On both these occasions, he and his formation were met with intense anti-aircraft fire. Despite that, the target was attacked with great precision, at low level and heavy damage was inflicted. On the other missions, he carried out rocket and four gun attacks on railway marshalling yards in the Montgomery-Raiwind area with conspicuous success. Throughout the operation, Wing Commander Gautam displayed conspicuous gallantry, exemplary flying skill and leadership in the highest traditions of the Air Force.
# Pacu River (Catrimani River tributary)

The Pacu River is a river of Roraima state in northern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Catrimani River.
# Pacu River (Pará)

The Pacu River is a river of Pará state in north-central Brazil.
# PON

PON or Pon may refer to:

## Places

* PON, the station code for Ponders End railway station in London, England

## People

* Pon (surname), including a list of people with the surname

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Fictional characters

* Pon, the Gardener's Boy of Jinxland in L. Frank Baum's The Scarecrow of Oz

### Games

* Panel de Pon, a game series and the Japanese version of Tetris Attack

## Brands and enterprises

* Pon Holdings, a Dutch transportation company

## Medicine and science

* Paraoxonase, enzymes

## Organizations

* Polska Organizacja Narodowa, later Polish National Organization
* Program on Negotiation, a university consortium

## Technology

* Command to connect the Point-to-Point Protocol daemon
* Passive optical network in fiber optics

## Other uses

* A day in the Javanese calendar
* National Sports Week (Indonesia) (Pekan Olahraga Nasional)
* Pohnpeian language, ISO 639 code PON
* Polski Owczarek Nizinny, Polish for Polish Lowland Sheepdog
* Pon (deity), The Supreme Deity of the Yukaghir people
# Godescalc of Benevento

Godescalc (also known as Godescalco, Gottschalk, Godescalcus or Gotteschalchus) was the Duke of Benevento in Langobardia minor from 740 until his assassination in 743. Godescalc's accession was without approval of the King.
With the return of Thrasimund II to power in Spoleto, the wrath of Liutprand, King of the Lombards, was brought down upon central and southern Italy. After taking care of Thrasimund, Liutprand turned to Benevento, where Godescalc was preparing to flee. The Duke had already loaded a ship with supplies and, together with his wife, Anna, and the rest of his family, were attempting to flee when the people, faithful to the memory of Romuald II, killed him. Godescalc's wife and family escaped to Greece.
# GodsWar Online

GodsWar Online is MMORPG created by IGG. The game is set in Ancient Greece with a Greek mythology theme. GodsWar Online was released in May 2009. There are a total of 4 different classes which include: Warrior, Champion, Mage, and Priest. Players can choose their starting city which will either be Ancient Sparta or Ancient Athens. The city chosen will decide where the player starts off in the game. Each city has quests which can be used to obtain experience, talent points, equipment and/or silver.
# PX domain

The PX domain is a phosphoinositide-binding structural domain involved in targeting of proteins to cell membranes.
This domain was first found in P40phox and p47phox domains of NADPH oxidase (phox stands for phagocytic oxidase). It was also identified in many other proteins involved in membrane trafficking, including nexins, Phospholipase D, and phosphoinositide-3-kinases.
The PX domain is structurally conserved in eukaryotes, although amino acid sequences show little similarity. PX domains interact primarily with PtdIns(3)P lipids. However some of them bind to phosphatidic acid, PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(3,5)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2, and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. The PX-domain can also interact with other domains and proteins.

## Human proteins containing this domain

Sorting nexins contain this domain. Other examples include:
* HS1BP3
* KIF16B (SNX23)
* NCF1; NCF1C; NCF4; NISCH
* PIK3C2A; PIK3C2B; PIK3C2G; PLD1; PLD2; PXK
* RPS6KC1
* SGK3; SH3PXD2A; SNAG1; SNX9
# Goldeneye Gas Platform

Goldeneye Gas Platform was an unmanned and now demolished offshore gas production platform in North Sea block 14/29, in the South Halibut basin area of the outer Moray Firth, 105 km northeast of St Fergus Gas Plant in Scotland.

## Field

The field was discovered in October 1996 with well 14/29a-3. The field extends into blocks 14/28b, 20/30b and 20/4b. The reservoir is a lower cretaceous Captain sandstone with high rates of production, up to 2.8 million cubic metres (100 million cubic feet) per day at standard conditions per well and lies at a depth of 2,500 metres (8,300 ft).

## Infrastructure

The jacket was a four-legged piled structure weighing 3,500 tonnes, anchored by eight piles weighing 2,500 tonnes. The jacket supported the 1,000 tonnes topsides. The topsides were designed by SLP Engineering Ltd. Production was from five wells with well fluids separated by a single vertical separator vessel. Separated liquids were re-injected into the export gas stream without further treatment. Facilities were provided for the installation of a future produced water coalescer and flash drum. Gas and liquid were piped ashore to St Fergus under well pressure, via a 20 inch pipeline without using compressors, where it was processed. It operated in 120 metres (390 ft) of water.

## Production

Production started in 2004 and ceased in 2011. It had a potential use for carbon dioxide storage. The topsides and jacket were removed in September 2021 and taken to Vats, Norway for dismantling and recycling.
Like most North Sea fields operated by Shell, it is named after a bird - in this case Bucephala clangula, a small duck found in Scotland and elsewhere.
# Goldenface

The goldenface (Pachycare flavogriseum) is a species of passerine bird endemic to New Guinea. It is the only species (monotypic) within the genus Pachycare.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The placement of this species and genus within the passerines is uncertain. It has been suggested that it belongs with the whistlers, in the family Pachycephalidae, based on its bright yellow plumage and voice, and the species is sometimes known as the dwarf whistler. Others have suggested placing it with the Australasian robins in the family Petroicidae, but the nest architecture is unlike that of the robin family; in fact, its nests more closely resemble those of the thornbills in the family Acanthizidae, another family to which it has sometimes been aligned. This relationship was supported by a 2009 molecular study, which placed the species in that family. There are four subspecies: Pachycare flavogriseum flavogriseum, P. f. subaurantium, P. f. subpallidum and P. f. lecroyae.

## Range and distribution

The species is endemic to the island of New Guinea, where it occurs in both Papua and Papua New Guinea. The preferred habitat of the goldenface is hill and montane forest, between 400 and 1800 m; it is usually commoner in dense forest between 1600 and 1800 m.

## Description

The goldenface is a small whistler, around 13 cm in length and weighing 14–19 g. The plumage of the species is striking; the nominate subspecies (Pachycare flavogriseum flavogriseum) has a slate-grey back, tail, wing, cap and back of the neck and bright yellow face, throat, breast and belly. From the crown to the shoulder, the face is bordered with a black line and the tertial feathers of the wing are tipped with black and white. The eye and bill are black and the legs are pink. There is a small amount of sexual dimorphism, with the female differing from the male in having a dusky patch on the face. Immature birds of either sexes resemble the female. The three other subspecies resemble the nominate subspecies with minor differences. The subspecies P. f. subaurantium has darker upperparts and a slight orange tint, and P. f. subpallidum has much paler upperparts and the most yellow undersides. The identification of goldenface study skins held in museum collections is complicated by the tendency of the plumage colours used to identify the subspecies fading after death.

## Behaviour

Insects and spiders form the majority of the diet of this species. These prey items are gleaned from the outer foliage of trees, usually in the midstory, sometimes entering the upper stories of the forest. Goldenfaces will sometimes join mixed-species feeding flocks when foraging.
Little is known about the breeding biology of the goldenface. It may be slightly seasonal; birds in breeding condition have been found in August and October, and eggs and nestlings have been found from June to November. The nest, which is built by both parents, is globular in shape and has a downward pointing side entrance.
# Gonatozygon

Gonatozygon is a genus of green algae, specifically of the Gonatozygaceae.
# Gonatozygaceae

The Gonatozygaceae are one of four families of Charophyte green algae in the order Desmidiales (desmids).

## Genera

As of February 2022, AlgaeBase accepted two genera:
* Genicularina Molinari & Guiry
* Gonatozygon De Bary (syn. Leptocystinema)
Genicularia is an illegitimate name for Genicularina.
# Sinochrostia

Sinochrostia is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, Sinochrostia sichuanensis, is known from south-eastern China. Both the genus and the species were first described by Michael Fibiger in 2010.
The wingspan is 13–14 mm.
# Richard Barlow (cricketer)

Richard Guy Ross Barlow (born 28 June 1972) is a former English cricketer. Barlow was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Epsom, Surrey.
Barlow made his Minor Counties Championship for Herefordshire against Dorset in 1993. From 1993 to 1997, he represented the county in 19 Championship matches, the last of which came against Berkshire. In 1996, he made his MCCA Knockout Trophy debut for the county against Wiltshire. From 1996 to 1997, he represented the county in 4 Trophy matches, the last of which came against Shropshire. In 1997, he made his debut in List A cricket for the county against Somerset in the 1997 NatWest Trophy.
Later, in 2001, he represented the Middlesex Cricket Board in a single List A match against Scotland in the 1st round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2001. In his 2 career List A match he scored 17 runs at a batting average of 8.50, with a high score of 15. In the field he took a single catch.
# Knut Stiklestad

Knut Stiklestad (born 22 September 1948) is a Norwegian opera singer (bass). He has performed at the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet for many years, and at opera houses abroad, in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and elsewhere. He has worked with Stein Winge, Bentein Baardson, and Wouter van Looy, among others. Stiklestad is also known for his work in church music. He has also cooperated with the composer Marcus Paus on work based on poems by Knut Hamsun.

## Discography

* Tonar i frå Trøndelag
* Toner fra Nidaros
* Det vilde kor by Knut Hamsun/Marcus Paus
* Peer Gynt, Malmö Symphonic Orchestra
# Quebec (Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse) v Boisbriand (City of)

Quebec (Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse) v Boisbriand (City of), 2000 SCC 27, [2000] 1 S.C.R. 665, is a leading Canadian civil rights decision of the Supreme Court of Canada. The Court considered the nature of a handicap in law and found that a handicap is not merely a biomedical condition but rather can exist as a perceived limitation or social construct.
The decision arises from two separate claims by individuals for discrimination under the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. Réjeanne Mercier was refused employment with the city of Montreal as a Gardener-horticulturalist on the grounds that her medical condition involving chronic back pains would be too costly and would interfere with her long-term employment. Palmerino Troilo was a police officer for the city of Boisbriand. He was dismissed after missing work due to having Crohn's disease.

## Judgment of the Court

Justice L'Heureux-Dube wrote the reasons for a unanimous Court and dismissed the appeal.
The issue focused on the interpretation of the word "handicap" in the Quebec Charter. She stated that given the Charter's quasi-constitutional status it must be given a liberal and purposive interpretation. A handicap can exist outside of functional limitations. There is also a subjective component on which there can be discrimination.
# PXS

PXS may refer to:
* The PXS suit, a NASA prototype space suit
* The ticker symbol for Provexis on the London Stock Exchange
* The ticker symbol for an exchange-traded fund on the Toronto Stock Exchange
* PXS, an abbreviation variant for PES or Pseudoexfoliation syndrome
# Peter J. Wild

Peter J. Wild (German:; born 1939) is a Swiss electronics engineer and a pioneer of liquid-crystal display (LCD) technology.

## Biography

Peter Josef Wild was born and educated in St. Gallen, Switzerland. He studied electrical engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich) and graduated in 1963.
From 1965 to 1968 he worked in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, as development engineer and obtained a Master of Science degree from the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at UC Berkeley. After his return to Switzerland in 1969, he joined the new Corporate Research Center of Brown, Boveri & Cie (now ABB) in Baden, Switzerland, developed a phase measurement for an opto-electric current meter on high-voltage lines based on the Faraday effect working with Andre Jaecklin and became the first member of a team developing LCDs from 1970 onwards.
In 1980, he started working in the Swiss telecommunications industry for the rest of his career.

## Achievements

Initially, Wild investigated earlier LCD work done at the RCA Laboratories in the US. Thereafter, Brown Boveri entered into a joint venture with Roche in Basel to explore LCD technologies. As part of this common project, physicists at Roche discovered and patented the Twisted nematic field effect (TN). Also, new room-temperature liquid crystal compounds for the TN effect were developed during this cooperation.
Wild recognized early-on, that matrix-addressing of such displays was important for many potential applications to show images (such as flat-screen computer monitors). Results of his work in this field were published. In particular, Wild discovered, that the RMS voltage of the driving waveforms of LCD matrix displays is relevant for the electrooptic threshold and is not to be exceeded at partially-addressed pixels of passive-matrix displays.
Pioneering work of his team included experiments with LCD projectors as well as illumination schemes for backlit panels resulting in corresponding patents. More than 20 patent applications where filed naming Wild as inventor or co-inventor.
He helped setting up manufacturing of TN LCDs at a new factory in Lenzburg, Switzerland, which started deliveries in 1974, mainly to manufacturers of digital watches, such as Casio of Japan, which used these LCDs to launch its first quartz wristwatches with digital time display under the Casiotron brand.
# Wooded meadow

Wooded meadows (also named wood-meadows, park meadows, etc.) are ecosystems in temperate forest regions. They are sparse natural stands with a regularly mowed herbaceous layer.
While frequent throughout Europe during the Medieval period and before, wooded meadows have largely disappeared. Wooded meadows originated with the practices of hunter-gatherer communities. They were important in terms of social organization around a natural resource and determined much of the community's interactions with the natural world. In the early 20th century, wooded meadows were used for fruit cultivation in Sweden; however, their prevalence has decreased substantially due to changes in land management and a movement toward more intensive types of agroecosystems. The more typical, calcicolous wooded meadows are common around the Baltic Sea.
Wooded meadows have high species richness. In some of the current Estonian wooded meadows, world-record species densities have been recorded (up to 76 species of vascular plants per square meter).

## Literature

* Kull, Kalevi; Kukk, Toomas; Lotman, Aleksei 2003. When culture supports biodiversity: The case of wooded meadow. In: Roepstorff, Andreas; Bubandt, Nils; Kull, Kalevi (eds.) 2003. Imagining Nature: Practices of Cosmology and Identity. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 76–96. (pdf)
# Workers' Trade Union Confederation of Mali

The Workers' Trade Union Confederation of Mali (CSTM) is a national trade union center in Mali. It is composed of four trade unions which broke from the National Workers' Union of Mali (UNTM) in 1997.
The CSTM is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.
# World Federation of Diamond Bourses

The World Federation of Diamond Bourses, founded in 1947, was created to provide bourses trading in rough and polished diamonds and precious stones with a common set of trading practices. It is composed of 27 member diamond bourses. Their headquarters are in Antwerp. Members of The World Federation of Diamond Bourses (WFDB) act as a medium for wholesale diamond exchange, trading both polished and rough diamonds. The WFDB consists of independent diamond bourses in major centers of the diamond trade such as Tel Aviv, Antwerp, Mumbai, Johannesburg, London and New York and other cities across the United States, Europe and Asia. The WFDB provides a legal framework and convenes to enact regulations for its members. The following is a list of the 27 bourses.
* Antwerpsche Diamantkring CVBA (Belgium)
* Bangkok Diamonds and Precious Stones Exchange (Thailand)
* Beurs voor Diamanthandel CVBA (Belgium)
* Bharat Diamond Bourse (India)
* Borsa Diamanti D'Italia (Italy)
* Borsa Istanbul (Turkey)
* Diamant- und Edelsteinbörse E.V. (Germany)
* Diamant- Club Wien (Austria)
* Diamantclub van Antwerpen CVBA (Belgium)
* Diamond Bourse of Canada
* Diamond Bourse of Southeast United States, Inc.
* Diamond Club West Coast, Inc. (United States)
* Diamond Dealers Club of New York (United States) – Based in the Diamond District in Midtown Manhattan, New York
* Diamond Dealers Club of Australia
* Diamond Dealers Club of South Africa
* Diamond Exchange of Singapore
* Dubai Diamond Exchange
* Hong Kong Diamond Bourse Ltd. (People's Republic of China)
* The Israel Diamond Exchange Ltd.
* The Israel Precious Stones and Diamonds Exchange Ltd.
* Korea Diamond Bourse
* The London Diamond Bourse (United Kingdom)
* The New Israel Club for Commerce in Diamonds Ltd.
* Shanghai Diamond Exchange (People's Republic of China)
* Tokyo Diamond Exchange Inc. (Japan)
* Vereniging Beurs voor den Diamanthandel (Netherlands)
* Vrije Diamanthandel NV (Belgium)
Associated member:
* The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council India (GJEPC)
* Hong Kong Indian Diamond Association (HKIDA)
# Workin Me

"Workin Me" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper Quavo from his debut solo and second overall studio album Quavo Huncho (2018). It was released on August 10, 2018 as the lead single from the record, alongside the singles "Lamb Talk" and "Bubble Gum". "Workin Me" peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and outside the top 50 of the Hot 100. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales of over a million units in the United States. The song also charted in Canada, reaching number 48 on the Canadian Hot 100. The accompanying music video for the single, directed by Quavo, Joseph DeRosiers Jr. and Edgar Esteves, involves Quavo interacting with a mob boss and his niece, played by rapper Saweetie (Quavo's then-girlfriend).

## Critical reception

Kassandra Guagliardi of Exclaim! called it "one of the few tracks where Quavo holds his own without any features." Luke Fox of XXL put it alongside "Bubble Gum" and "Big Bro" as part of the album's "easily forgettable filler".

## Music video

The music video was released on August 22, 2018, via Migos' YouTube channel Migos ATL. It was directed by Quavo, Joseph DeRosiers Jr. and Edgar Esteves. The visual starts off at a mobster's mansion, where Quavo is having a discussion about loyalty with his mob boss while they are playing pool. As the boss's niece, played by Quavo's then-girlfriend Saweetie, walks to them, Quavo keeps his eyes on her. However, the boss threatens his life if he ever "goes after" her. After Quavo ignores the threats, he and Saweetie are kidnapped by the mob boss, who ends up getting killed by his own security guard.

## Commercial performance

On the week of August 25, 2018, "Workin Me" debuted at number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100. It peaked at number 52 the week of September 8, and stayed on the chart for fifteen weeks. That same week, the song debuted at number 32 on the Streaming Songs chart (with 13.1 million streams), giving Quavo his first solo single to appear on that chart after nineteen previous appearances as a part of Migos. It was certified platinum by the RIAA in the US on August 21, 2019. In Canada, the track debuted at number 79 on the Canadian Hot 100 the same week it first appeared on the Billboard Hot 100. Two weeks later, it peaked at number 48 the week of September 8, and left the chart. It reappeared at number 60 the week of October 27, and remained on the chart for ten weeks.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 48 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 52 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 18 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||