OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Philémon Rastoul

Paul Philémon Rastoul (1 October 1835; Thézan-lès-Béziers, Hérault - 1875) was a French physician best known for his role in the Paris Commune of 1871. Rastoul studied medicine in Montpellier from 1855 to 1862 and moved to Paris in 1863 where he began practicing. During the Paris Commune, Rastoul was elected to represent the 10th arrondissement at the Communal Council. He was put in charge of medical services in Paris. After the Commune, Rastoul was arrested and imprisoned in France before being deported to New Caledonia in 1873 where he was allowed to practice medicine and partially recover his liberty. Following the 1874 escape of a group including Henri Rochefort, Rastoul was sent to the Isle of Pines. In March 1875, Rastoul and nineteen others attempted to escape from the island on a raft but drowned.
# Combretum paniculatum

Combretum paniculatum, the burning bush or forest flame-creeper, is a plant species in the genus Combretum found in Africa. The fruit is a samara, i.e. a winged seed.

## Chemistry

The ethyl acetate extract of the leaf shows the presence of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, coumarins and tannins), sterols and alkaloids.
It produces a gum that is not recommended for food applications.
# Karl Ebert

Karl Christian Ebert (15 October 1916 – 12 November 1974) was a German Roman Catholic prelate, who served as an auxiliary bishop in the Episcopal District of Erfurt-Meiningen in East Germany.
Karl Ebert was born on 15 October 1916 in Würzburg, Bavaria. He was ordained in 1941 as a priest and was a chaplain in Lahnstein and a soldier in the Wehrmacht. In 1948 he became a chaplain in Hammelburg, in 1950 the curate and minister in Wernshausen and, in 1959, the parson of Unterwellenborn. In 1968 he became the dean of Saalfeld and, in 1971, the episcopal commissar of the Bishop of Würzburg in Meiningen. On 20 July 1973 he was made the titular bishop of Druas by Pope Paul VI and auxiliary bishop of the Episcopal District of Erfurt-Meiningen and appointed as the episcopal vicar for the Episcopal Vicariate of Meiningen. His episcopal consecration was conducted by the apostolic administrator in the Episcopal District of Erfurt-Meiningen, Hugo Aufderbeck, on 15 September 1973.
Karl Ebert died on 12 November 1974 in Meiningen, East Germany.
# Bartolomeo Contarini (nobleman)

Bartolomeo Contarini was a Venetian businessman who married the widowed duchess of Athens Chiara Zorzi in 1453 and governed the duchy in the name of her infant son, Francesco I.
Bartolomeo was the son of Priam, the castellan of Nauplia. After going to Athens on business, he fell in love with Chiara and sent to have his wife in Venice murdered in order to marry the duchess. The Athenian citizenry, however, mistrusted the two lovers' influence over the young duke and probably feared for his life. They called upon Mehmet II, the Ottoman sultan, to intervene on behalf of the young duke Francis. Bartolomeo and Chiara were summoned to his court at Adrianople and the young duke was taken into the sultan's care while his cousin Francesco II was sent to Athens as a Turkish client duke.
The new duke had Chiara murdered at Megara and Bartolomeo appealed to the sultan for justice. Athens was taken into Turkish hands and Francis II deposed.
# Hundred of Evan, New South Wales

The Hundred of Evan was a former lands administrative division located on the western edge of Greater Sydney, corresponding approximately to the modern City of Penrith. It was one of the thirteen hundreds in the County of Cumberland, which were published in the government gazette of May 27, 1835, and repealed on January 21, 1888.
Upon its creation as a Hundred in 1835, Evan was divided into three parishes, being (from east to west) Melville, Claremont, and Mulgoa.

## Evan District

The area had been settled for several decades, and was originally known as the District of Evan, and was founded on the eastern side of the Nepean River. It was named in honour of Sir Evan Nepean. The earliest known newspaper reference to the Evan District dates to 1803, when the first grants of land were issued there.
Evan District's first town, Castlereagh, was one of the five Macquarie Towns, planned by Governor Macquarie in 1810.
However, over time, Castlereagh became overshadowed by the area's other significant town, Penrith, which grew up at the crossing-point of the road over the Nepean River, leading to the way over the Blue Mountains. The gradual disappearance of the district's name, Evan, was helped by its often being displaced by the more popularly used name of the nearby river, the Nepean.
# Carmenta theobromae

Carmenta theobromae, the cocoa fruit borer, is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It was described by August Busck in 1910, and is known from Colombia and Venezuela.
The larvae of the species feed on Theobroma cacao. They perforate the pods of their host plant and are considered a serious pest.
# Vysoká nad Labem

Vysoká nad Labem is a municipality and village in Hradec Králové District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,800 inhabitants.
# Weizong

Weizong is an imperial temple name accorded to several Chinese monarchs. It may refer to:
* Emperor Huan of Han (132–168), temple name Weizong abolished in 190 by Emperor Xian
* Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi (526–559), temple name changed to Weizong in 565 and changed back to Xianzu in 570
* Chongzhen Emperor (1611–1644), the last emperor of the Ming dynasty who had many temple names including Weizong which was given by Zhu Yujian
# Gus Mager

Charles Augustus Mager (1878–1956), better known as Gus Mager, was an American painter, illustrator and cartoonist during the first half of the 20th century. He was the creator of several comic strips, notably Hawkshaw the Detective and Sherlocko the Monk.

## Early life

Mager was the son of German immigrants, and comics sent to his parents by their European relatives prompted his interest in cartooning. He began drawing sports cartoons which he sold to newspapers. By the age of 20, he already had a following when he expanded his repertoire to include clownish animals, and his cartoons soon appeared daily as In Jungle Land, or occasionally, In Jungle Society.

## Monk series

In 1904, he created the first of his successful Monk comic strips featuring monkey-like characters. Knocko the Monk was soon followed by new figures such as Rhymo the Monk, Mufti the Monk, Freshy the Monk, Henpecko the Monk, Groucho the Monk and the most popular, Sherlocko the Monk.

## Hawkshaw the Detective

In 1913, Mager humanized Sherlocko into his Hawkshaw the Detective strip, which appeared in The New York World. During the 1920s, Mager worked as an assistant on Rudolph Dirks' Captain and the Kids. Other comics by Mager included And Then Papa Came (1904), Main Street, Oliver's Adventures (1926), Obliging Otto (1913) and Millionbucks (1913). Mager continued Sherlocko and Hawkshaw until his retirement in the late 1940s.

## Paintings

Mager's paintings are in many collections, including the Whitney Museum and the Newark Museum of Art. He was widely exhibited during his lifetime, showing at the Whitney, the Corcoran Gallery of Art and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. He was a member of the Salon of Independent Artists and the Salons of America. In 1913, he was included in the famous Armory Show. Mager said: "I try to paint with my heart and with my senses without worrying about style."
Mager, his wife Matilda and his son Robert lived for years in Newark, New Jersey, with a summer home in SandBrook, New Jersey, where he loved to hunt with his hound dog, Sport. Eventually, they moved from Newark to Millburn, New Jersey. SandBrook storeowner Clint Wilson recalled:
    Gus Mager loved the countryside and he bought a farm in SandBrook for a summer home. The farm was the site of an old mill many years before, and the house was constructed of stone and obviously was of early structure ... When he took us into the basement of his beautiful home, it was almost a museum, with piles of paintings on the wall and on tables. Actually, his work was his enjoyment. He told me that each morning, he would take a long walk through the fields and woods, that he would get some idea of nature for a painting, and he would come back and spend the day perfecting that idea. You can't conceive what a pile of paintings he had turned out, all of them beautiful, painted for enjoyment.
After his wife's death, Mager went to live with his son in Pennsylvania. At age 77, he died of cancer in 1956.
# Senator Cropsey

Senator Cropsey may refer to:
* Alan Cropsey (born 1952), Michigan State Senate
* Harman B. Cropsey (c. 1775–1859), New York State Senate
* Harmon G. Cropsey (1917–2009), Michigan State Senate
# Hundred of Fisher

The Hundred of Fisher is a cadastral hundred of South Australia, founded in 1860. It is located at 34°36′16″S 139°36′6″E in the County of Eyre, South Australia. The main town of the hundred is Punyelroo, in the Mid Murray Council.
The Hundred is on the banks of the Murray River.
# Carmenta verecunda

Carmenta verecunda is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It was described by Henry Edwards in 1881, and is known from the United States, including Colorado, Utah, California and Arizona.
The larvae feed on Lithospermum ruderale.
# Armançon

The river Armançon (French pronunciation:) drains part of north-western Burgundy in France. It is 202 km (126 mi) long. It rises at Meilly-sur-Rouvres in the department of Côte-d'Or and flows into the Yonne (right bank) at Migennes. Its source is at about 380 m (1,250 ft) above sea level and it enters the Yonne at 79 m (259 ft).

## Course

The Armançon rises 2 km (1.2 mi) north-west of Meilly-sur-Rouvres in the district known as the Auxois, on the lip of the saucer represented by the Paris Basin. It flows down the western, dip slope of the Côte d'Or and on the margin of the Morvan. Its source is on the Lower Jurassic rocks where they and the Upper Triassic are much influenced by the granites and volcanism of the Morvan, a northward extension of the Massif Central.
The river's upper valley is used by the Canal de Bourgogne and the Autoroute A6 but the two diverge and the river passes between them, alone towards the small town of Semur-en-Auxois. In this part of its course the river has cut its valley down through the Jurassic rocks to the underlying granite. The Cernant joins just below Semur.
Near Buffon, north-west of Montbard, the canal joins it again from the Brenne valley accompanied by the Dijon to Paris (Gare de l'Est) railway. The Bornant enters from the left slightly lower. They all pass through forested country on Middle Jurassic geology. Shortly after, they pass into the department of Yonne. Near the border between the departments and just below Ravières, the river passes onto the Upper Jurassic where the valley bottom has accumulated Holocene alluvium. However, the Upper Jurassic rocks are available to supply the clay element of the materials for the cement works which lie between the river and the canal between Pacy-sur-Armançon and Lézinnes. Still in forested country, it passes the small town of Tonnerre and passes very briefly through the department of Aube as it flows onto the lower Cretaceous rocks, clothed in less woodland.
Just below Saint-Florentin it is crossed by the TGV railway from Paris to Lyon and Avignon. The river arrives on the Middle Cretaceous as the Créanton joins from the right, just before the river and the Canal de Bourgogne enter the Yonne at Migennes. The town is backed by the relatively treeless Upper Cretaceous chalk.
The Lower Cretaceous is comparable with the rocks of the Weald of southern England and the Upper Jurassic with the Oxford Clay and associated strata of the English Midlands. The middle Jurassic rocks contain more limestones. The Upper Cretaceous is mainly chalk

## Tributaries

Its principal tributaries are:
* the Rû de Bierre (right bank)
* the Ruisseau de Bornant (left bank)
* the Cernant (left bank)
* the Brenne (right bank)
* the Bornant (left bank)
* the Brionne (right bank)
* the Ruisseau de Cléon (left bank)
* the Armance (right bank)
* the Créanton (right bank)
* the Ruisseau de Larry (left bank)
* the Prée (right bank)
* the Ruisseau de Thorey (left bank)
Ru is an old or literary word for "brook". Ruisseau is usually translated as stream. It can mean "gutter".
# Kenneth Roy

Kenneth Roy (26 March 1945 – 5 November 2018) was a Scottish journalist, writer and broadcaster.
Roy was a presenter on the BBC Scotland news programme Reporting Scotland throughout the 1970s and founded the Scottish Review newsletter.
# Sputnik Engineering

Sputnik Engineering AG was a Swiss company specializing in the development, production, distribution, and maintenance of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters. The headquarters of the company are located in Switzerland (Biel/Bienne). Sputnik Engineering has subsidiaries in Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Belgium, United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Greece and China. The bankruptcy estate was bought up by the German photovoltaic group RenerVest and the SolarMax brand was rebuilt in Germany.

## Company profile

Sputnik Engineering AG had been working in the field of solar energy since 1991 and is one of the pioneers for the industry that invented, among others, the first transformer-less inverter in 1994. The Company was founded in the Swiss city of Biel and concentrated on the development, production, and distribution of inverters for grid-connected PV systems. With its brand “SolarMax“, Sputnik Engineering is able to offer a suitable device for all applications: one-family houses, farms, and even solar plants producing several megawatts.

## Company structure

Sputnik Engineering AG, Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
* Sputnik Engineering France S.A.R.L., Saint-Priest, France
* Sputnik Engineering GmbH, Neuhausen auf den Fildern, Germany.
* Sputnik Engineering Ibérica S.L.U., Madrid, Spain
* Sputnik Engineering International AG, Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
** Branch office Benelux, Brussels
** Branch office Greece, Athens
** Branch office Bulgaria, Sofia
** Branch office United Kingdom, London
* Sputnik Engineering Italia S.r.l., Giussano, Italy
* Sputnik Engineering Trading Ltd., Shanghai, China

## Products

Sputnik Engineering produces string inverters and central inverters for all sizes of solar systems, from small systems for roofs to solar plants producing several megawatts. For small systems they offer string inverters from the S and P series of SolarMax with a nominal capacity from 2 to 5 kW and for medium-sized systems the MT series of SolarMax (8 to 15 kW). The central inverters Sputnik Engineering offers include the S series of SolarMax (20 to 35 kW), the TS series of SolarMax ( 50 to 300 kW), the TS-SV series of SolarMax (330 kW) and the power station (330 kW to 1.32 MW). Sputnik Engineering also develops accessories and solutions for data communication for the monitoring, planning, and control of photovoltaic systems.

## History

Sputnik Engineering AG was founded in 1991 as a spin-off to the engineering school in Biel, Switzerland, and introduced the first three-phase central inverter with fully digital controls and regulation to the market. The next technical innovation was the development of the first transformer-less inverter. In 2001, the subsidiary Sputnik Engineering GmbH was founded in Germany as a reaction to the considerable growth in demand for photovoltaic inverters. In 2006 the subsidiary in Spain was founded, 2007 the Italian subsidiary followed, 2008 France and 2011 China. Locations in Belgium, United Kingdom, Greece and Bulgaria were added successively.
# Gwadar–Mastung Railway

The Gwadar–Mastung Railway is a proposed railway line in Pakistan, which will connect the port city of Gwadar to Mastung. The project is part of the government's broader plan to improve the country's railway infrastructure and strengthen its connections with other countries.

## Background

The government of Pakistan is providing funding for this project, and the Ministry of Railways (Pakistan) is anticipated to request budget allocation for the project in the upcoming budget cycle. The estimated cost of the Gwadar–Mastung Railway project is Rs 180.2 billion. This initiative aims to build a wide-gauge railway spanning around 900 kilometers. The Ministry of Railways is anticipated to present a project plan (PC-1) for the new railway tracks in the near future.

## Construction

The railway line's construction is set to start shortly, aligning with the government's larger initiative to modernize 119 aging diesel-electric locomotives and enhance the current rail infrastructure. The Ministry of Railways is in the process of finalizing the project's details.
The railway line is expected to be extended from Gwadar to Quetta.
# British Franchise Association

The British Franchise Association (bfa) is a trade association for the British franchising industry established in 1977. It had offices in Abingdon.
It claims to be the voice of ethical franchising in the UK and members must go through an accreditation process. They are required to abide by the European Code for Franchising. The bfa has various levels of membership, including franchisors, franchisees, affiliate advisors and suppliers to the franchising industry.
It runs annual award ceremonies. In August 2019 it predicted that the Scottish franchise market would be worth £1 billion by 2021. They produced a report with NatWest in January 2019 which found that businesses that operated under a Franchise License contributed in excess of £17 billion to the UK economy in 2018.
In June 2021 it was announced that the British Franchise Association would "join forces" and merge with the Approved Franchise Association.
# Jean de Cherchemont

Jean de Cherchemont (died 1328) was Chancellor of France during the reigns of Philip V of France, Charles IV of France and Philip VI of France.
This covered two periods, 1321 to 1322, and 1323 to 1328.
He appears in The Accursed Kings. He was played by Daniel Gall in the 1972 miniseries and Mircea Stohan in the 2005 miniseries.

## Sources

* ↑ Georges Tessier, Les chanceliers de Philippe VI, Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (Volume 101, no 4), p. 356-373, 1957
* ↑ https://www.justice.gouv.fr/justice-france/ministere-justice/anciens-chanceliers-gardes-sceaux-ministres-justice French Ministry of Justice website
# Dear Dia

Dear Dia is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film written and directed by K S Ashoka. A remake of his Kannada film Dia (2020), the film stars Mihika Kushwaha, Pruthvi Ambaar, and Ujjwal Sharma. Hindi version of Dia was produced by Kamlesh Singh Kushwaha. Dear Dia trailer was released on 10 May and film was released on 10 June 2022. Unlike the original, Hindi remake went unnoticed due to poor buzz and promotions.

## Cast

* Mihika Kushwaha as Dia
* Pruthvi Ambaar as Adi
* Ujjwal Sharma as Rohit
* Mrinal Kulkarni as Adi's mother
* Aahil Khan as Adi’s friend

## Reception

A critic from The Times of India wrote that "A remake of the Kannada film, Dia (2020), Dear Dia is a sweet movie that will make you reach for the tissue box a few times".
# Hundred of Forster

The Hundred of Forster, formerly the hundreds of Giles and Morphett, is a cadastral hundred in the County of Albert, South Australia.
The localities of Forster, Purnong, and Claypans are within the hundred along with a large southern part of the bounded locality of Nildottie.

## History

The Hundred of the Murray was the first cadastral division made in the space now occupied by the Hundred of Forster. When roughly half of Murray was split into smaller hundreds in 1860, the Hundred of Giles and Hundred of Morphett were gazetted and occupied northern and southern parts, respectively, of the same land. These divisions were short lived, however, as the Hundred of Forster and southerly adjacent Hundred of Bowhill were proclaimed in 1883 and Giles and Morphett were abolished. Part of Morphett came to be within the new Hundred of Forster while the most part became the new Hundred of Bowhill.
In 1888 the District Councils Act 1887 forced the annexation of the Hundred of Forster by the District Council of Caurnamont, seated at Walker Flat on the other side of the river, bringing local government to the hundred for the first time. In 1935, most of the Caurnamount council, including the Hundred of Forster, amalgamated with the District Council of Angas to form the District Council of Marne. Marne became a part of the consolidated District Council of Ridley in 1976 and then part of the much larger District Council of Ridley-Truro in 1991. In 1997 Ridley-Truro was abolished by amalgamation with the district councils of Mannum, Morgan and part of Mount Pleasant to form the new Mid Murray Council, which locally administers the hundred at present.
# Carmental Gate

The Carmental Gate, also known by its Latin name as the Porta Carmentalis, was a double gate in the Servian Walls of ancient Rome. It was named for a nearby shrine to the goddess or nymph Carmenta, whose importance in early Roman religion is also indicated by the assignment of one of the fifteen flamines to her cult, and by the archaic festival in her honor, the Carmentalia. The shrine was to the right as one exited the gate.
The gate's two arches seem to have been set at angles, and were known by separate names. It was unlucky to leave the city through the arch called Porta Scelerata ("Accursed Gate"), which was supposed to have been named for the military disaster at Cremera in 479 or 478 BC, since the 306 Fabii who died had departed through it. The Servian Walls, however, did not exist at that time. The accursed nature of the gate probably derives from the transport of corpses out of the city proper to funeral pyres on the Campus Martius. The family tomb of the Claudii was located outside the Carmental Gate.
The other gate was the Porta Triumphalis. A governor returning from his province could not enter through this gate unless he had been awarded a triumph. It therefore must have been routine to use the Porta Scelerata for entering, and the Triumphalis for exiting. Funeral processions reversed the normal direction of traffic flow for the Scelerata, as the triumphal procession did for the Triumphalis. Augustus was accorded the special honor of having his funeral procession exit by the Triumphalis.
The temples of Mater Matuta, Fortuna, Juno Sospita, and Spes were located nearby, the later two at the Forum Olitorium, Rome's vegetable market.
The Carmental Gate was rebuilt by Domitian and topped with a sculpture group of a triumphal chariot drawn by elephants, to celebrate his campaign against the Sarmatians and the Marcomanni. The gate is depicted in relief sculpture dating to the reign of Marcus Aurelius. It was eventually destroyed by order of the emperor Constantine I.
The Vicus Iugarius forked just before reaching the Carmental Gate, with one branch passing through the Forum Holitorium by making a right curve around the foot of the Capitoline Hill, and the other passing through the Forum Boarium to the mouth of the Cloaca Maxima on the Tiber. The precise location of the Carmental Gate itself remains unclear, despite excavations in the area from the late 1930s onward. Livy names the Carmental Gate as the point of entry for a ritual procession undertaken in 207 BC as part of an expiatory sacrifice for Juno. Two white cows were led from the Temple of Apollo through the gate and along the Vicus Iugarius to the Forum.
# Vowel pointing

Vowel pointing is the inserting of signs used to indicate vowels in certain alphabets. It may refer to:
* Harakat, of Arabic diacritics
* Niqqud, of Hebrew diacritics
* Syriac diacritics
* Tehtar, of Tengwar diacritics
# Korilophyton

Korilophyton is a genus of branching Cambrian acritarchs of presumed algal affinity.