OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sphelodon phoxopteridis

Sphelodon phoxopteridis is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae.
# Henry Floyd (Jesuit)

Henry Floyd (1563–1641) was an English Jesuit.

## Life

Floyd was the elder brother of Father John Floyd, born in Cambridgeshire. He received his education in the English College of Douay during its temporary move to Reims. On 8 May 1589, then a deacon, he was sent with other students by Dr. Richard Barret, president of the college, to assist in commencing the new English College founded by Robert Parsons at Valladolid.
For a time he was stationed at the residence or seminary established by Parsons at Lisbon. He was probably ordained priest in 1592, and he defended universal theology at Seville on 20 February 1593. From Lisbon he crossed over to England about 1597, and for nineteen years he was chaplain to Sir John Southcote. In 1599 he entered the Society of Jesus, and in 1618 was professed of the four vows.
He was at various times was incarcerated in Newgate Prison, The Clink, and the Fleet Prison in London, and in Framlingham and Winchester gaols. On James I's accession, being sent into banishment with many other priests, he returned to Lisbon, but soon revisited England, and again fell into the hands of the pursuivants.
After serving the mission in the London district for many years, he died in London on 7 March 1641.
# Salt in the American Civil War

Salt was a crucial resource during the American Civil War. It not only preserved food in the days before refrigeration, but was also vital in the curing of leather. Union General William Tecumseh Sherman once said that "salt is eminently contraband", as an army that has salt can adequately feed its men.
The most important saltworks for the Confederacy were at Saltville, Virginia. In late 1864, the Union army twice advanced to capture the saltworks, as it was the last prominent source of salt for the eastern Confederate states. The October 1864 First Battle of Saltville saw the Confederate able to repulse the charge, but the next December in the Second Battle of Saltville Union forces under George Stoneman managed to destroy the vital saltworks. Two months later the salt works were back to work for the Confederacy, although the destroyed railroad system around the area hampered its distribution.
In Georgia, the price of salt depended on one's family circumstances. Heads of families could purchase a half-bushel of salt for $2.50. If a widow had a son in the Confederate army, the price was only $1.00. But if the widow's husband had served his nation, the price was free. Local court clerks sent salt requests to the state government, which in turn allotted salt to the counties as requested. One way Southern families acquired salt was to boil the dirt in areas where they had previously cured meats.
Florida's greatest contribution to the Confederate war effort was in producing salt. With a total investment of $10 million, Florida salt plants worked 24 hours a day boiling salt from sea water, mostly in the area between Saint Andrews Bay and St. Marks, Florida. Occasionally, Union forces came ashore just to destroy the boilers. Confederate law exempted salt makers from the draft, which rendered saltmaking a popular profession in wartime Florida. The estimated workforce involved in saltmaking there numbered 5,000.
Avery Island, three miles inland from the Louisiana coast, gave the Confederacy a huge supply of rock salt until the Union captured it. It was not realized at the time that there were structures similar to the Avery Island salt dome all along the Louisiana and Texas coasts of the Gulf of Mexico which could have provided an additional source of salt.
# Caddington F.C.

Caddington F.C. are a football club based in Caddington, near Luton, England. The club is affiliated to the Bedfordshire County Football Association and are currently members of the Spartan South Midlands League Division Two.

## History

The club was re-formed in 1973 after an absence of local football in the village and has been continuous since then but there had been previous Caddington teams before this time and the local history society "Caddhist" has a good selection of photos with dates of teams in the 1950s plus an Caddington All Saints Church Team photo from 1911. The earliest reference is in HM Prescott's book written in 1937 referencing John Cripps, son of the village baker, being a member of both the Caddington Football and Cricket teams in 1889. In 1982 the club moved to their current home of Caddington & District Sports & Social Club.
They joined the South Midlands League Division One in 1986. In the 1996–97 season the club came runners up in Division one but instead of being promoted to the Premier Division, they were placed in the Spartan South Midlands League Senior Division when the Spartan League merged with South Midlands League. The club remained in the Senior Division, later renamed Division one in 2000, until the 2000–01 season, when they were relegated to Division Two. The club dropped out of the South Midland League early in the 2013–14 season after being unable to field a team for two successive games, entering Division One of the West Herts League the following season. They were Division One runners-up in 2015–16, earning promotion to the Premier Division. A new team were set up, and rejoined Division Two of the Spartan South Midlands League in 2022, with the existing Saturday side switching to the Beds County league. In advance of the 2023/24 Season, all adult teams playing at the sports ground agreed to form a single club which now has teams in the Spartan South Midlands Div 2, Beds County Div 2, 2 Sunday sides in the Leighton & District League and a Vets team in the Herts Super Vets league.
# John Wilke

John Wilke (December 12, 1954 – May 1, 2009) was an American investigative reporter and news editor in the Washington bureau of The Wall Street Journal for two decades, beginning in 1989 and lasting until his death in 2009.
Wilke was born in White Plains, New York. He earned his bachelor's degree with a double major in psychology and biology from New College in Sarasota, Florida. He earned his M.A. from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
He began his career in 1983 as an intern at The Washington Post. He joined BusinessWeek as a Washington correspondent in 1984 and became a staff writer for The Boston Globe in 1986.
In July 1989, Wilke joined the Wall Street Journal's Boston bureau, covering technology. He moved to the Washington bureau in May 1995, covering economics and the Federal Reserve Bank until December 1996, when he began covering government technology policy, the Federal Trade Commission and the United States Department of Justice.
In 2006, private fraud investigator Harry Markopolos gave extensive details about the Bernard Madoff Ponzi scheme to Wilke, who showed interest in the story. According to Markopolos, Wilke's editors did not allow him to pursue the story.
He died in 2009 in Bethesda, Maryland.
From his obituary in the Journal: "In recent years, [Wilke] specialized in articles about deals cut by members of Congress to win special appropriations, known as earmarks, for friends, supporters and business associates back home. One of his investigations helped lead to last year's indictment of then-Rep. Rick Renzi (R., Ariz.), who is accused of receiving favors from developers and copper-mining executives in return for congressional help. Another revealed the broad range of earmarks a powerful Democrat, Rep. John Murtha, used to bring federal contracts to his Pennsylvania district."

## Awards

* He won a Computer Press Association award with David Bank for his coverage of Microsoft.
* He won the Everett McKinley Dirksen (2007) prize for "distinguished coverage of Congress" for his reporting on congressional earmarks.

## Death

Wilke died, aged 54, on May 1, 2009, from pancreatic cancer in Bethesda, Maryland.
# William Faithorne

William Faithorne, often "the Elder" (1616 – 13 May 1691), was an English painter and engraver.

## Life

Faithorne was born in London and was apprenticed to William Peake. On the outbreak of the Civil War Faithorne accompanied his master into the king's service, and being made prisoner at Basing House, he was confined for some time to Aldersgate, where, however, he was permitted to follow his profession of engraver, and among other portraits did a small one of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham.
At the earnest solicitation of his friends Faithorne very soon regained his liberty, but only on condition of retiring to France, where he received instruction from Robert Nanteuil. He was permitted to return to England in about 1650, and took a shop near Temple Bar, where, besides his work as an engraver, he carried on a large business as a print-seller.
In 1680 Faithorne gave up his shop and retired to a house in Blackfriars, occupying himself chiefly in painting portraits from the life in crayons, although still occasionally engaged in engraving. It is said that his life was shortened by the misfortunes, dissipation, and early death of his son William. He was buried in the church of St Ann Blackfriars on 13 May 1691.

## Work

Faithorne is especially noted as a portrait engraver, his subjects including Sir Henry Spelman, Oliver Cromwell, Henry Somerset, Marquis of Worcester, John Milton, Queen Catherine, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Cardinal Richelieu, Sir Thomas Fairfax, Thomas Hobbes, Richard Hooker, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Charles I. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, his engravings were "remarkable for their combination of freedom and strength with softness and delicacy", adding that "his crayon paintings unite to these the additional quality of clear and brilliant colouring".
In 1658 Faithorne engraved a large map of London which had been drawn by the Somerset landowner Richard Newcourt. Printed on four sheets, it provides important evidence for the geography of the city before the Great Fire. In 1662 he issued a translation of Abraham Bosse's treatise, under the title of The art of graveing and etching, wherein is exprest the true way of graveing in copper. Also the manner and method of ... Callot and Mr. Bosse in their severall ways of etching.

## Family

Faithorne's son, William Faithorne the younger (1656–1686), was a promising mezzotint engraver, but became idle and dissipated, and involved his father in financial difficulties.
# Ceratia

Ceratia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks the family Iravadiidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Ceratia include:
* † Ceratia dissoluta Weichmann, 1874
* † Ceratia dufresnoyi (Des Moulins, 1868) - synonym: Ceratia suturalis Cossmann & Peyrot, 1919
* Ceratia francisca Lima, Júnior, Guimarães & Dominguez, 2016
* † Ceratia meridionalis Lozouet, 2015
* Ceratia nagashima Fukuda, 2000
* Ceratia pachia (Watson, 1886)
* † Ceratia pliocenica Ceregato & Tabanelli, 2005
* Ceratia proxima (Forbes & Hanley, 1850) - type species of the genus Ceratia, synonym: Ceratia altimirai Nordsieck, 1982
* Ceratia sergipana Lima, Júnior, Guimarães & Dominguez, 2016
* † Ceratia sternbergensis R. Janssen, 1978

### Synonyms

* Ceratia watsoni Hornung & Mermod, 1927 is a synonym of Monotygma watsoni (Hornung & Mermod, 1927)
# Macrocoma bequaerti

Macrocoma bequaerti is a species of leaf beetle of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was first described by the Belgian entomologist Louis Jules Léon Burgeon [nl] in 1940.
# Robert Carrick

Robert Carrick of Braco (aka Robin Carrick) (1737–1821) was an 18th-century Scottish banker, who was one of the richest men ever to have lived in Scotland. A cold, hard man, he was a notorious miser. He was short and dumpy in stature within thin grey hair, tied in a pigtail. Carrick Street in central Glasgow was named in his honour in 1800.

## Life

He was born in the manse of Houston, Renfrewshire, the eldest son of Rev Robert Carrick and his wife Margaret Paisley Simson, daughter of Rev Prof John Simson of Glasgow College. His brother John Carrick became a surgeon in Glasgow.
He entered banking as an apprentice clerk in 1752 aged 15 in the Old Ship Bank (then owned by Dunlop, Houston & Co). One of the partners of the bank was Andrew Buchanan, an old personal friend of his father from their student days, and it is likely that Buchanan took him under his wing. Robert Carrick senior had been personal tutor to the Buchanan family and therefore Robert spent part of his childhood in the Buchanan home and was treated somewhat like a son of Buchanan.
In 1775 he became manager and partner in the Old Ship Bank then owned by Moores Carrick & Company.
Around 1785 he appears to have acquired the estates of Braco north-east of Glasgow.
From 1796 he was Bailie of the city and was Dean of Guild from 1802.
He died in his private attic rooms over the Ship Bank (then owned by Carrick Brown & Co) on 20 June 1821. He lived there with a single servant: his niece Miss Paisley. Miss Paisley was equally infamous, as Carrick had instructed her to haggle every farthing when shopping for food.
The building stood on the corner of Saltmarket and Bridgegate. The building no longer exists but is remembered by the "Old Ship Bank" public house on the ground floor.
When he died he left over £1 million, an outstanding fortune. This mainly passed to David Buchanan (1760–1827), nephew of Andrew Buchanan of Drumpellier, who thereafter named the family Carrick-Buchanan in respect of this windfall. David was also a joint partner in the Ship Bank at the time of Carrick's death.
Despite his wealth (and due to his lack of family and lack of pre-planning to secure a grave of note) he is buried in an unmarked grave in the Ramshorn Cemetery in central Glasgow.
# Ratvaj

Ratvaj is a village and municipality in Sabinov District in the Prešov Region of north-eastern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1374.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 430 metres and covers an area of 5.311 km$^2$. It has a population of about 143 people.
# Candice Alley (album)

Candice Alley is the second studio album by Australian singer Candice Alley, released in Australia on 13 December 2007 by International Quarterback. Alley wrote all of the album, excluding one track co-written with Grant Hackett, her husband and an Australian Olympic swimmer. Produced by Michael Szumowski, Alley found it more comfortable to record this album than her first and she feels she has created something that she has always wanted. The album's lead single " Before You Go", released at the start of 2007, was the album's most successful single so far, giving Alley her second top twenty single in Australia. The album was only released to Australian iTunes.

## Content and production

Alley's first album Colorblind released in 2003 was made under the management of the label Universal, Alley found it frustrating with the lack of creative control she had. She states "The last album was much more ambient and there were much more co-writes – being with a major label you kinda have to compromise a bit – and being an independent artist now my new album’s very 'me' and I think I enjoyed this album a lot more than my last one. Though I'm sure everyone songwriter goes through that". Because Alley was an independent singer, she wrote all of the tracks herself, only with the help from her partner Grant Hackett. Alley states that Hackett will tell her if he does not like a song and he likes all of the tracks on the album and several songs were inspired by their relationship. She also states "This record is much more personal than Colorblind, and reflects where I am in my life at the moment". She states that she self-titled the album because it is an "extension of Alley" and the songs are so personal that it's like she's reading her diary.
Michael Szumowski was the lead producer for the album and Alley was happy to work with him. She states "Michael was great to work with because he listened and we both talked about each track before we went ahead. I think he knew it was at times a stressful experience for me because initially when you write songs and do demos you’re so used to the rawness of each song, it’s hard to go through the production stage and get used to hearing your songs with a massive sound behind them. Once that’s done it’s so rewarding hearing the final product come together". Szumowski states "This is an album of strong songs with strong melodies. There are no production tricks, just an old school way of doing the songs service. Candice writes melodies which become imbedded in your mind after three listens".

## Track listing

* "I Belong" (Alley) – 3:36
* "Hopeless" – 3:39
* "Before You Go" (Alley) – 3:53
* "Drifting" – 4:02
* "Every Time" – 3:50
* "World Keeps Turning" – 3:28
* "That I Would" (Alley, Grant Hackett) – 3:08
* "To Find You" – 4:06
* "Yesterday" – 3:27
* "Better Off" – 3:54
# Pocket Planes

Pocket Planes is a business simulation video game developed by NimbleBit for iOS. It was initially released on 14 June 2012. In October 2012, the game became available on the Mac App Store. An Android version, ported and published by Mobage, was released on 22 September 2012. The game was removed on 24 September 2015 from the Google Play Store, however was re-released 17 March 2022. The game is still available on iOS App Store in selected regions (U.S., Canada, Australia). An update to the iOS version is also planned and will see the game available again in all countries.

## Gameplay

In Pocket Planes, players assume the role of an airline CEO. Starting with a few airports and small planes, players transport small amounts of cargo and passengers short distances. As they slowly gain profit from their flights, they then build more airports, buy better planes, and expand their airline internationally.
A formula determines how much profit will be earned from a flight, depending on the distance, speed and the weight of the plane used on the route. Filling a plane with cargo or passengers going to the same destination will net a 25% bonus on each item. Players can also complete events that involve flying special items and people to a designated destination. After completing these events, players are awarded Bux, which are used to buy planes and purchase other perks such as upgrades and the ability to speed up flights.

## Android version

On 24 September 2015, the company that ported the game to Android, Mobage, shut down their game servers for Pocket Planes and other NimbleBit games including Pocket Frogs and Tiny Tower, and subsequently removed these downloads from the Google Play Store.
The other games have since been relaunched on the Google Play Store by NimbleBit themselves, and on April 19, 2021, it was announced that a new Android port of Pocket Planes was in development.
On March 17, 2022, NimbleBit re-released Pocket Planes to the Google Play Store.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 78/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Pocket Gamer | 9/10 |
| TouchArcade | |
| Gamezebo | |
The game was viewed favorably by reviewers. It holds a 78/100 score on the aggregate Metacritic, categorizing it as "Generally favorable reviews" based on 17 reviewers. Gamezebo.com rated it 4.5 stars out of 5, stating "NimbleBit has once again dropped you in the middle of a universe that feels like it was built just for you, and filled it with a deeper, more compelling mission".
However, Ryan Rigney of Wired wrote that the player's success did not correlate with skill, and criticizes it for a lack of compelling gameplay.
# Salvatore Maria di Blasi

Salvatore Maria Di Blasi (26 December 1719 – 28 April 1814) was an Italian Benedictine monk, scholar, and librarian.

## Biography

He was born in Palermo to an aristocratic family. His brother was the erudite Giovanni Evangelista di Blasi. Salvatore studied in seminary, becoming a monk in the Monastery of San Martino alle Scale in Palermo. In 1747, Salvatore founded a scholarly academy, furthered by Giuseppe Antonio de Requesens, Benedictine prior of San Carlo and bishop of Siracusa. He reorganized the library of the San Martino monastery. In 1778, he was called to the Abbey of the Santissima Trinità di Cava, near Salerno, to organize the monastery's important and ancient archive and library. He organized the library that included nearly 60,000 manuscripts including the Dictionarium Cavense compiled by Agostino Venieri between 1595 and 1599. Salvatore wrote a history of the Monastery of San Benedetto di Salerno from its foundation in 793 until 1628. He also wrote Series Principum qui Langobardorum aetate Salerni imperarunt... a vulgari anno 840 ad annum 1077. In Catani, he organized the archive of the monastery of San Nicola l'Arena. Di Blasi made two trips through Italy, the first in 1754, the second in 1778, where he met and later communicated by missive with intellectual throughout the Italian peninsula including Girolamo Tiraboschi, Paolo Maria Paciaudi, Jacopo Facciolati, Giovanni Battista Passeri, and Anton Francesco Gori. Di Blasi died in Palermo.
# Sannieshof

Sannieshof is a small farming town situated in North West Province of South Africa. It started as a post office to serve the farms in the district and was named in honour of the first postmaster, John Voorendijk's wife Sannie. The village is 40 km north-east of Delareyville and 38 km north-west of Ottosdal. It is also close (20 km) to Baberspan which is a water bird sanctuary and a fishing mecca.

## History

The name was bestowed by John Voorendijk in 1920 who was postmaster of Lichtenburg, in honour of his wife Sannie (née De Beer), whom he married in 1904. In 1928, land was sold to form a village that was named Roosville after a local politician Tielman Roos.$^{:317}$ The name was disliked and the town regained its original name in 1952.$^{:317}$
# Kyustendil dialect

The Kyustendil dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Kyustendil in central western Bulgaria. It borders on the Transitional dialects to the north, the Dupnitsa dialect to the east and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect to the south. It is closely related to the Dupnitsa dialect.

## Phonological and morphological characteristics

* щ/жд (ʃt~ʒd) for Proto-Slavic *tʲ~*dʲ (as in Standard Bulgarian) - леща, между (lentils, between). The future tense particle, however, is че: че че'темe vs. Standard Bulgarian ще четем (we will read)
* Vowel a for Old Bulgarian ѫ (yus): маж vs. formal Bulgarian мъж (man). Limited number of u reflexes of yus (as in the Samokov and the Dupnitsa dialect): пупка vs. Standard Bulgarian пъпка (pimple)
* Vowel o for Old Bulgarian ъ in suffixes and prefixes and most roots and a limited number of a reflexes in certain roots: сос него vs. Standard Bulgarian със него (with him), бочва vs. Standard Bulgarian бъчва (cask) but вашка vs. Standard Bulgarian въшка (louse)
* Vocalic r for Old Bulgarian ръ/рь instead of the combination ръ/ър (rə~ər) in Standard Bulgarian - дрво instead of дърво (tree).
* The reflex of Old Bulgarian лъ/ль is:
    Before non-labial consonant - schwa (ə): съза vs. formal Bulgarian сълза
    Before labial consonant - u: вуна vs. formal Bulgarian вълна (wool)
* Verb ending -м in verbs of the first and second conjugation: чет'ем vs. formal Bulgarian чет'ъ (I read)
* Adverbial participal on -ечки (vs. -ейки/айки in Standard Bulgarian): играечки vs. formal Bulgarian играейки (while playing)
* Еnding йe instead of formal Bulgarian и for multi-syllable masculine nouns (галабйе instead of гълъби)
* Dynamic stress
For other phonological and morphological characteristics typical for all Southwestern dialects, cf. Southwestern Bulgarian dialects.

## Sources

Стойков, Стойко: Българска диалектология, Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов", 2006