OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Grant Harbison

Thomas Grant Harbison (1862–1936) was an American botanist.
Harbison lived and worked in Union County, Pennsylvania until 1886 when he moved to North Carolina. He attended college during extended vacations, never registering for a continuous year. He attended classes at nearby Bucknell University. He read extensively and by the age of twenty-one he had acquired a personal library of over one thousand volumes. He took correspondence courses from the University of the City of New York and earned his B.S., A.M., and Ph.D. (in 1888) through correspondence courses from a correspondence school in Chicago. Kelsey had built a lake on the property, and while it was known to botanists as “Harbison’s Lake” for many years, it is now called “Harris Lake.”
In his early twenties, Harbison went on a walking tour of Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina.
   While visiting Highlands, NC on this excursion, he apparently impressed the residents with his knowledge so much that they later asked him to return as a school principal. He served in some educational capacity at Highlands from 1886 to 1896, with the exception of a trip to Europe to study educational systems in 1893-94.
From 1897 to 1903 he was employed as a collector for the Biltmore Herbarium operated by George Washington Vanderbilt II's Biltmore Estate. He made a collecting trip to eastern North Carolina in 1898. Charles Lawrence Boynton and Harbison collected in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico and also in the U.S. Pacific region. From 1905 to 1926 Harbison worked a field botanist (collecting southern woody plants) for Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum under the directorship of Charles Sprague Sargent. Harbison also worked for some years for the State Geological Survey of Mississippi making an exhaustive survey of Mississippi's native trees, especially those valuable for timber.
He was a close friend and correspondent of William Willard Ashe and in 1933 was employed in organizing the W. W. Ashe Herbarium. In 1934 Harbison was appointed the herbarium's curator and held that post until he died in 1936.
On 6 August 1896 in Macon County, North Carolina he married Jessamine "Jessie" Margrit Cobb (1868–1954). They had four children. The Thomas Grant Harbison House was built in 1921 and remained in the family until 1985.

## Eponyms

* Crataegus harbisonii (Harbison's hawthorn, discovered and named by Chauncey Beadle)
# Thomas Bennett (MP for Hindon)

Thomas Bennett (1620 – 1644) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1641 to 1644.
Bennett was the son of Thomas Bennett, of Pythouse, Wiltshire and his wife Meliora, daughter of Richard and Ann Thomas, of Sedgehill, Wiltshire. He matriculated at Hart Hall, Oxford on 13 October 1637 aged 17.
In 1641, Bennett was elected Member of Parliament for Hindon in the Long Parliament. He was disabled from sitting in 1644 and died in the same year.
Bennet had fourteen siblings, including John Bennet (1625-1677), MP for Shaftesbury 1667-1677, who was the father of Thomas Bennett, MP for Shaftesbury.
# Thomas Fairfax (disambiguation)

Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1612–1671) was a general and Parliamentary commander-in-chief during the English Civil War.
Thomas Fairfax may also refer to:
* Thomas Fairfax (Walton) (died 1505), father of Thomas Fairfax (Gilling)
* Thomas Fairfax (Gilling) (died 1520), owner of Gilling Castle
* Thomas Fairfax, 1st Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1560–1640), English soldier, diplomat and politician
* Thomas Fairfax, 1st Viscount Fairfax (1575–1636), English landowner and politician
* Thomas Fairfax (Jesuit) (1656–1716), English Jesuit
* Thomas Fairfax, 5th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1657–1710), English politician
* Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1693–1781), Scottish peer
* Thomas Fairfax, 9th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1762–1846), American-born Scottish peer
* Thomas Fairfax, 13th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1923–1964), Scottish peer and Conservative politician
* Thomas Fairfax (priest) (died 1641), Anglican archdeacon in Ireland
# Thomas Farrar

Thomas Farrar was Archdeacon of Berbice from 1884 until his death in 1893.
He was ordained in 1856 and was curate of the Upper Berbice River and then Chaplain to the penal colony there. He was then Rector of Demerara until his appointment as Archdeacon.
His son Walter was also a clergyman of the Caribbean region, as well as England.
# Thomas J. Baldrige

Thomas Jackson Baldrige (April 5, 1872 – January 27, 1964) was a Pennsylvania lawyer and judge. He served part of a term as state Attorney General, and then on the state's Superior Court for over twenty years, the last two as President Judge.

## Life and career

Baldrige was born the son of Howard Malcolm and Laura Mattern Baldrige. His father was a prominent Blair County lawyer. Baldrige attended Phillips Academy, Bucknell University, and the University of Pennsylvania Law School. He read law with his father, and was admitted to the Blair County bar in 1895.
He married Anna P. Dean in 1917.
In 1910, he was appointed President Judge of the Blair County counts, and then elected for two ten-year terms. In 1927, he resigned to become state Attorney General. In 1929, he was appointed to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania, then elected later in 1929 and again in 1939 to ten-year terms. In 1945, he was commissioned President Judge of the court, and then resigned in 1947, due to hearing.

## Notable relatives

His father's older brother was Howard Hammond Baldrige, a Nebraska state senator, Howard Hammond was the father of Howard Malcolm, a Nebraska congressman. Howard Malcolm was the father of Howard Malcolm, Jr., and Letitia, Jacqueline Kennedy's Social Secretary.
# Thomas Hayden

Thomas Hayden may refer to:
* Thomas Hayden (Irish politician) (fl. 1940s), Irish senator
* Thomas Hayden (weightlifter) (1926–2018), Irish weightlifter
* Thomas C. Hayden, American football coach
* Tom Hayden (1939–2016), American social and political activist, author and politician
* Tommy Hayden (born 1978), American motorcycle racer
# Thomas Hay (Lewes MP)

Thomas Hay (1733–1786) was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1768 to 1780.

## Early life and army

Hay was the eldest son of William Hay of Glyndebourne, Sussex and his wife Elizabeth Pelham, daughter of Thomas Pelham MP of Catsfield Place, Sussex and was born on 3 July 1733. He was educated at Westminster School in 1747. He joined the army and was Cornet in the 9th Dragoons in 1751, Lieutenant in the 7th Dragoons in 1755 and captain in 1757. He served on the raid on Cherbourg in 1758 and was in Germany, as aide-de-camp to Granby from 1759 to 1763. He became a Major in 1761 and Lieutenant-Colonel in 1765. He also studied at University of Göttingen.

## Political career

In 1768 the Duke of Newcastle chose Hay as candidate for Lewes but later changed his mind. However Hay had already canvassed the town and been promised support. He was elected Member of Parliament for Lewes in the 1768 general election. In 1774 he stood at Lewes on his own interest and was returned. He stood again in 1780 but was defeated and did not stand in 1784. There is no indication that he ever spoke in Parliament.

## Later life

Hay was described by George Hardinge as “a modest, virtuous, respectable, and sensible man; with no brilliancy of talent, but with a high sense of honour”. He died unmarried on 9 February 1786.
# Thomas Nunatak

Thomas Nunatak is the northern of two nunataks which stand close together about 17 nautical miles (31km) west of the Camp Hills, in the Ellsworth Mountains. Named by the University of Minnesota Geological Party to these mountains, 1963–64, for Hollie Thomas, helicopter crew chief with the 62nd Transportation Corps Detachment, who assisted the party.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Thomas Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
78°58′S 87°28′W﻿ / ﻿78.967°S 87.467°W﻿ / -78.967; -87.467
* This Ellsworth Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Thomas Saunders Secondary School

Thomas Saunders Secondary School is a high school located at Richmond Hill, Kingstown, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. The building was formerly the Richmond Hill Primary School. The school was named after a former principal of the Richmond Hill Primary School, Thomas Saunders. Their motto is "Striving for excellence". The School was established in 2005 and held their first graduation in 2010.
Like all Vincentian schools the students wear uniforms. The Thomas Saunders Secondary School students wear white shirts, black pants for boys and black skirts for girls, and a red and black striped tie.
# Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers

Major General Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers (c. 1628 – 14 September 1694) was an English nobleman and soldier.
He was the first son of John Savage, 2nd Earl Rivers by his wife Catherine, daughter of William Parker, 13th Baron Morley. His father was closely involved in the English Civil War on the Royalist side from 1641. Consequently, he lost his castles at Halton and Rocksavage and their contents were confiscated.
About 1647, he married firstly Elizabeth (b. 1627), illegitimate daughter of Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland by his mistress Martha Jeanes. Their children included: Thomas, who married Charlotte, daughter of Charles Stanley, 8th Earl of Derby; Richard, who succeeded as 4th Earl Rivers; Elizabeth; and Annabella. They also had other children who died young.
He was widely believed to be a Roman Catholic, and during the Popish Plot he was denounced by informers, but the evidence was so flimsy that no charges were ever brought against him.
About 1684, he married secondly Arabella, daughter of Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey. They had no issue.
He died at his house in Great Queen Street in the Parish of St Giles in the Fields, Middlesex. A memorial to him by William Stanton was installed in St Michaels Church, Macclesfield.
Documented evidence exists in the form of a pamphlet which details a murder by a Thomas Savage of St Giles in the Fields. It is likely the Thomas in question is the son of the 3rd Earl Rivers, or a family relation.
# Thomas Kincaid (disambiguation)

Thomas Kincaid (1661–1726) was a Scottish medical student, golfer, and archer who wrote early golf instructions.
Thomas Kincaid or Tom Kinkaid may also refer to:
* Tom Kincaid, a character in the 1933 film The Past of Mary Holmes
* Tommy Kincaid or Champ, a character in the 2007 film Resurrecting the Champ
# Thomas Lansing Masson

Thomas Lansing Masson (1866–1934) was an American anthropologist, editor and author.

## Biography

He was born at Essex, Connecticut, and educated in the public schools of New Haven. He became literary editor of Life in 1893 and a regular contributor of humorous articles to various magazines. As an editor, he was responsible for the poems listed: Humorous Masterpieces of American Literature (1904); The Humor of Love in Verse and Prose (1906); The Best Stories in the World (1914).

## Publications

* (1898). The Yankee Navy.
* (1904). In Marry Measure.
* (1905). A Corner in Women and Other Follies.
* (1905). Mary's Little Lamb.
* (1906). The Von Blumers.
* (1907). A Bachelor's Baby and Some Grown-Ups.
* (1908). The New Plato.
* (1913). Mr. Rum.
* (1921). Well, Why Not?.
* (1922). Listen to These.
* (1923). That Silver Lining.
* (1925). Why I Am a Spiritual Vagabond.
* (1927). The City of Perfection.
* (1932). Within.

### Selected articles

* (1922). "Shall we be Wrecked by Realism," The World's Work 43, pp. 435–439.
* (1922). "Teaching Children to Teach Themselves," The World's Work 44, pp. 410–414.
# Thomas Bigge (disambiguation)

Thomas Bigge (1766–1851) was an English political writer and partner in the goldsmiths Rundell, Bridge & Co.
Thomas Bigge may also refer to:
* Thomas Charles Bigge (1739–1794), English landowner, cousin of Thomas Bigge
* Thomas Hanway Bigge (1776–1824), English banker, son of Thomas Charles Bigge
# Thomas Lindsay (priest)

Thomas Enraght Lindsay was Archdeacon of Cleveland from 1907 until 1938.
The son of The Rev. Thomas Lindsay, he was educated at Manchester Grammar School and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1886 and became Chaplain of Epsom College. He then served a curacy in Doncaster he held incumbencies at Loversal (1891–1892); Middlesbrough (1893–1905); Scarborough (1905–1913); Saltburn-by-the-Sea (1913–1925); and Stokesley (1925–1936).
He died on 7 September 1947.
# Thomas Jefferson Elder High and Industrial School

The Thomas Jefferson Elder High and Industrial School, at 316 Hall St. in Sandersville, Georgia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It is a Rosenwald school built in 1927. It competed in the Georgia Interscholastic Association.
It has an H-shaped plan and is the surviving building of a larger school complex. The site includes the graves of Mr. and Mrs. T.J. Elder.
Its National Register nomination states its importance:
   The Thomas Jefferson Elder High and Industrial School is significant as being an authenticated Rosenwald Plan School with an intact H-plan and original interior and exterior finishes. One of the Rosenwald Fund's goals was to improve public education for Southern blacks by assisting in building model schoolhouses. In education, the school is significant as the oldest remaining school building in the county. It was built on a site associated with the county's education since 1889. It pioneered the manual arts (vocational) training and trained other teachers under the leadership of T.J. Elder. In social-humanitarian history, it is significant for the Rosenwald Fund's efforts to improve education in the South. This building was erected with the help of the Fund in 1927-28, although the majority of the costs came from local public support and city funds. It was the Fund's goal to support local school systems by requiring that local funding exceed that of the Fund. In this case, donations in the amounts of $1 to $250 were collected from both blacks and whites. In black history, the school is significant as the manifestation of the efforts of Thomas Jefferson Elder (1869-1946).
It has also been known as the T. J. Elder Elementary School.
# Thomas Logie MacDonald

Thomas Logie MacDonald FRSE FRAS (1901–1973) was a Scottish astronomer and politician, and eponym of lunar crater McDonald.
He was a graduate of Glasgow University, and became secretary and chairman of the West of Scotland branch of the British Astronomical Association. From 1929 to 1931 he served as President of the West of Scotland Branch of the British Astronomical Association.
He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on 5 March 1928. His proposers were Hector Copland Macpherson, Ralph Allan Sampson, Ludwig Becker and Edward Taylor Jones. He resigned from the Society in 1961.
From 1938 he served as Director of the Lunar Section of the British Astronomical Association, serving throughout the Second World War until 1946. At this time he lived at 9 Colebrooke Terrace in Glasgow.
MacDonald was a Labour councillor and Mayor of Carlisle from May 1961 to 1962. The Carlisle/Flensburg (Germany) town twinning relationship was established during his mayoral term.

## Publications

* Astronomy for Adult Classes (1932)
* Studies in Lunar Statistics
* The Depression of Lunar Craters (1942)
* The Astronomer as Historical Detective (lecture)
# Thomas O'Loughlin

Thomas O'Loughlin (born 1958, Dublin) is Professor of Historical Theology at the University of Nottingham. He earned a BA, MPhil, PhD (NUI), STB (Maynooth) and DD hon.c (Bangor).

## Career

Tom studied for his BA in Philosophy and Medieval History at University College Dublin, before going to Maynooth College for his BD(STB), then moving back to do an MPhil. He holds a Diploma in Theology from Mater Dei in Dublin, and a Diploma in Pastoral Theology from All Hallows College, Dublin.
O'Loughlin began his career as a teacher at University College Dublin, and also taught at the Dominican Studium, Tallaght and the Milltown Institute of Theology and Philosophy. He was later made a scholar at the School of Celtic Studies in the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. In 1997, he worked in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies in the University of Wales, Lampeter, where he became the first Professor of Historical Theology in the University of Wales in February 2006. He joined the University of Nottingham in 2009. He is a priest of the Catholic diocese of Arundel and Brighton.

## Research

His research has focused on the theology of the early medieval period, and on the works of insular writers in particular. Fr. O'Loughlin has contributed to many periodicals and journals such as the Irish Theological Quarterly, Milltown Studies, The Tablet, Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies, Doctrine and Life and The Furrow. O'Loughlin is chief editor of the Brepols series: Studia Traditionis Theologiae. He has also served as president of the Catholic Theological Association of Great Britain. In 2020 he was admitted as a member of the Royal Irish Academy.
# Thomas Rutter

Thomas Rutter (1660 – March 12, 1730) was an American ironmaster and abolitionist who constructed the first blast furnace and the first iron forge in the Province of Pennsylvania. Now known as Pine Forge Mansion and Industrial Site, the location of Rutter's mansion and iron plantation was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The site has been the campus of Pine Forge Academy since 1945.

## Biography

Born in 1660, Rutter was a Quaker blacksmith who immigrated from England to southeastern Pennsylvania as a young man. He married Rebecca Staples at the Pennsbury Friends Meetinghouse on October 11, 1685, and acquired property near William Penn's Pennsbury Manor in Bristol Township. By January 1702, he had acquired over seven hundred acres with the goal of mining the soil for iron ore, though the venture failed.
In a covenant dated February 12, 1715, Governor William Penn granted Rutter three hundred acres on Manatawny Creek two or three miles above modern-day Pottstown. Rutter left his home in Germantown to establish Pine Forge, a bloomery that was the first iron forge in Pennsylvania, on his land by 1716. By 1720, Rutter had expanded his land holdings to fifteen hundred acres, ensuring an ample supply of surface iron ore, wood to produce charcoal, and water. A 1717 letter from minister Jonathan Dickinson praised the quality of Rutter's iron, remarking that "the best of Sweden's iron doth not exceed it." Partnering with his neighbor Thomas Potts (father of John Potts, founder of Pottstown), Rutter also became the principal owner of the nearby Colebrookdale Furnace, established in 1720. The forges stayed in the Rutter family for six generations and in the related Potts family for three generations. Numerous surviving stoveplates and firebacks feature biblical scenes and verses and are marked with the family name.
A follower of George Keith, Rutter was an abolitionist who signed An Exhortation & Caution to Friends Concerning Buying or Keeping of Negroes (1694), one of the earliest printed antislavery tracts in British America. The statement condemned slavery as "unjust and immoral" and warned that slaveholding was antithetical to Quaker values. His descendants hired Black workers and during the 1830s and 1840s concealed freedom seekers in old tunnels dug beneath the manor house to protect residents from Indian attacks. The 1725 house is considered a station on the Underground Railroad.
In 1982, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission dedicated a state historical marker commemorating Thomas Rutter outside Pine Forge Academy, a historically Black school that forms part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system. Rutter's mansion and iron plantation had been the campus of Pine Forge Academy since 1945. Rutter was a prominent citizen in the Province of Pennsylvania, serving as bailiff of Germantown (1705–06), serving in the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly (1713–15, 1727–28), and preaching at the Abington Friends Meeting.
Rutter died on March 12, 1730, after a short illness. His death was reported in the Pennsylvania Gazette. He was survived by his wife and their sons Joseph, John, and Thomas II.
# Thomas Monro

Thomas Monro may refer to:
* Thomas Monro (art collector) (1759–1833), British art collector, patron and physician
* Thomas Monro (writer) (1764–1815), English cleric and writer
* Thomas Kirkpatrick Monro (1865–1958), professor of medicine
# Thomas Moule

Thomas Moule (14 January 1784 – January 1851) was an English antiquarian, writer on heraldry, and one of Victorian England's most influential map-makers. He is best known for his popular and highly decorated county maps of England, steel-engraved and first published separately between 1830 and 1832.
Moule was born in Marylebone, London. He sold books in Duke Street, Grosvenor Square, from 1816 to 1822. Later, he became an inspector of 'blind' (illegibly addressed) letters at the General Post Office. He died at his residence in St. James's Palace, to which he was entitled as Chamber-keeper in the Lord Chamberlain's Department.

## Works

* Bibliotheca Heraldica Magnae Britanniae. Published by the author. 1822.
* Neale, John Preston; Le Keux, John; Moule, Thomas (1824). Views of the most interesting collegiate and parochial churches in Great Britain. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green. with John Preston Neale and John Le Keux
* Antiquities in Westminster Abbey. London: G. P. Harding. 1825.
* Great Britain Illustrated: A Series of Original Views. London: C. Tilt. 1830.with William Westall
* The landscape album, or, Great Britain Illustrated in a series of sixty views. Vol. 1. London: Charles Tilt. 1832. hdl:2027/nyp.33433075904643. with William Westall
* The landscape album, or, Great Britain Illustrated in a series of sixty views. Vol. 2. London: Charles Tilt. 1832. hdl:2027/nyp.33433075904650. with William Westall
* An Essay on the Roman Villas of the Augustan Age. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman. 1833.
* The English Counties Delineated. Vol. 1. London: George Virtue. 1837.
* The English Counties Delineated. Vol. 2. London: George Virtue. 1837.
* The Heraldry of Fish. London. 1842.
* Winkles's architectural and picturesque illustrations of the cathedral churches of England and Wales. London: W. Kent. 1860.
# Thoppu

Thoppu is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Northern Province.
# Thopputhurai

Thopputhurai, formerly known as Sethumadavapuram, is a town on the south eastern coast of Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Location

Thopputhurai is near the east coast road of Vedaranyam-Nagapattinam, with a radius of approximately 23 km. A majority of people living in Thopputhurai are Muslims and Hindu.

## Origin

The name implies that the village has many plantations and harbors. From this village a salt lake mixes with others after running a distance of 4 km. In the early days of the village people used to trade using catamarans to board their goods in to steamers which trade with Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka and other South East Asian countries. The people started calling them 'Marakalayar' and now they are called as 'Maraikayar'. They started trading by way of a barter system. The people take the goods in night by horseback and traded them in the markets in the daytime. These people are called 'Tatharkal', as the days passed they are now called as 'Iravuthur'. This name doesn't relate to a religion they are called so because of their trade. They are no longer called by that name now. Only few are now doing business, some have become agriculturists and the majority of the people are working in foreign countries.