OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beaver Township, Newaygo County, Michigan

Beaver Township is a civil township of Newaygo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 463.

## Communities

* Cole Creek: There was a post office with this name in the township from 1904 until 1907.
* Volney: Post office opened in 1880, and closed in 1909. Despite being the current location of Beaver Township Hall, Volney is considered to be a ghost town. The town once included a church, cemetery, schoolhouse, and creamery. Only the church, cemetery, and township hall remain.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (93 km$^2$), of which 35.6 square miles (92 km$^2$) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km$^2$) (0.59%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 608 people, 196 households, and 153 families residing in the township. The population density was 17.1 inhabitants per square mile (6.6/km$^2$). There were 292 housing units at an average density of 8.2 per square mile (3.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 91.94% White, 2.30% African American, 0.49% Native American, 3.95% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.77% of the population.
There were 196 households, out of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.3% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.9% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.36.
In the township the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $29,500, and the median income for a family was $33,036. Males had a median income of $33,958 versus $20,556 for females. The per capita income for the township was $11,098. About 16.4% of families and 20.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
# Selkirk/Kindy Airstrip

Selkirk/Kindy Airstrip (TC LID: CTK7) was located 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) east of Selkirk, Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada.
# B4GALT1

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT1 gene.
This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. This gene is unique among the beta4GalT genes because it encodes an enzyme that participates both in glycoconjugate and lactose biosynthesis. For the first activity, the enzyme adds galactose to N-acetylglucosamine residues that are either monosaccharides or the nonreducing ends of glycoprotein carbohydrate chains. The second activity is restricted to lactating mammary tissues where the enzyme forms a heterodimer with alpha-lactalbumin to catalyze UDP-galactose + D-glucose <=> UDP + lactose. The two enzymatic forms result from alternate transcription initiation sites and post-translational processing. Two transcripts, which differ only at the 5' end, with approximate lengths of 4.1 kb and 3.9 kb encode the same protein. The longer transcript encodes the type II membrane-bound, trans-Golgi resident protein involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis. The shorter transcript encodes a protein which is cleaved to form the soluble lactose synthase.
# When the Thought of You Catches Up with Me

"When the Thought of You Catches Up with Me" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer David Ball. It was released in August 1994 as the second single from the album Thinkin' Problem as the follow-up to the successful title track. This song reached number 7 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, and number 6 on Canada's RPM country chart.

## Content

In the song, Ball describes instances when the memory of a lost love resurfaces, whether it be a beautiful day or in the dead of night.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Chris Rogers.

## Chart positions

"When the Thought of You Catches Up with Me" debuted on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of September 10, 1994.
| Chart (1994) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 6 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 7 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 7 |
# Ed Mularchyk

Ed Mularchyk is a former award winning Canadian Football League player.
Mularchyk played with Windsor AKO Fratmen, helping win the national Junior championship in 1954 (against the Winnipeg Rods). He played one season with the Ottawa Rough Riders and won the Gruen Trophy as Canadian rookie of the year in the east, though there was some controversy surrounding his selection. He later attended the University of Western Ontario, playing football and becoming an ophthalmologist.
# Punjab Highway Department

The Punjab Highway Department (Urdu, Punjabi: محکمہ شاہرات پنجاب) constructs and maintains the provincial highways in Punjab, Pakistan. Currently, the Punjab Highway Department maintains more than 38,000 kilometers of roads.

## Division

The Punjab Highway Department is divided into four wings, Highway (North Zone), Highway (South Zone), Highway (Central Zone), and Highway (Maintenance & Repair). Highway M&R executes routine and special repair of provincial roads while other three departments are responsible for rehabilitation, reconstruction of existing roads, construction of new roads, and maintenance and construction of bridges and culverts in the province. Each wing is headed by a Chief Engineer.
# Cedar Creek Township, Wayne County, Missouri

Cedar Creek Township is an inactive township in Wayne County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Cedar Creek Township took its name from a creek of the same name within its borders.
# Brian Scott (rugby union)

Brian Scott (born 9 March 1993) is a retired Irish rugby union player. He played as a prop and represented Dolphin in the All-Ireland League. He was forced to retire from playing rugby due to injury in May 2020.

## Early life

Born in Cork, Scott first played rugby at the age of 6 with Dolphin RFC, before moving to Highfield R.F.C. and then Youghal RFC. He attended Presentation Brothers College and represented them in both Junior and Senior Cup rugby, winning the latter in 2010.

## Munster

On 3 September 2016, Scott made his competitive debut for Munster when he came on as a substitute against Scarlets in the sides opening 2016–17 Pro12 fixture. On 22 October 2016, Scott came on as a substitute in Munster's 38–17 win against Glasgow Warriors in Round 2 of the 2016–17 European Rugby Champions Cup, a match that was his European debut for the province. On 25 April 2017, it was announced that Scott had been nominated by his teammates for the 2017 John McCarthy Award for Academy Player of the Year, alongside Dan Goggin and Conor Oliver.
On 1 June 2017, it was announced that Scott had been promoted to the senior Munster squad ahead of the 2017–18 season. He signed a two-year full contract with Munster in March 2018, which will commence at the beginning of the 2018–19 season. Scott underwent surgery for a foot injury in December 2018, ruling him out for 4–6 months. However, the persistent foot ligament injury eventually forced Scott to retire from playing rugby in May 2020. He is expected to take up a coaching role with one of Munster's AIL clubs from the 2020–21 season.
# Yanal Bog

Yanal Bog (grid reference ST424607) is a 1.6 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the southern edge of the North Somerset Levels, just north of the village of Sandford, North Somerset. It was notified as an SSSI in 1988.

## Site description

Yanal Bog is a calcicolous lowland mire. Underlying the site are gravels and clay alluvium. Above this sits a layer of peat. This results in a high water table, creating a distinct domed landscape feature.

## Biological interest

The plant communities of the mire are nationally rare in Britain, and support two species, Black Bog-rush (Schoenus nigricans) and Blunt-flowered Rush (Juncus subnodulosus), that have restricted distributions in south-west England, and a number of species that are localised in the North Somerset area. Surrounding the raised mire is a belt of grassland; although this is included within the SSSI, it is largely made up of common grass and herb species.
In the community in the western part of the mire, Blunt-flowered Rush, Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) and Carnation Sedge (Carex panicea) are abundant species, and this part of the mire is characterised by the presence of a number of species that favour base-rich conditions. Black Bog-rush is locally abundant along a wet drainage ditch in this western part of the site. In the eastern part of the mire Purple Moor-grass and Blunt-flowered Rush are again abundant, but the abundant sedge species are Lesser Pond-sedge (Carex acutiformis) and Greater Pond-sedge (Carex riparia). Common Reed (Phragmites australis) and Marsh Horsetail (Equisetum palustre) are also frequent. This part of the site supports plant species associated with more neutral conditions.
The site has a species-rich flora; species that occur here but are localised or confined to specialised habitats in North Somerset are Flea Sedge (Carex pulicaris), Saw-wort (Serratula tinctoria), Meadow Thistle (Cirsium dissectum), Marsh Valerian (Valeriana dioica), Dyer’s Greenweed (Genista tinctoria), Marsh Arrowgrass (Triglochin palustris), Southern Marsh-orchid (Dactylorhiza praetermissa), Fen Bedstraw (Galium uliginosum), Devil’s-bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis) and Tawny Sedge (Carex hostiana) and Tufted-sedge (Carex elata).
# Beaver Township, Ohio

Beaver Township, Ohio, may refer to:
* Beaver Township, Mahoning County, Ohio
* Beaver Township, Noble County, Ohio
* Beaver Township, Pike County, Ohio
# James Ashmore

James Ashmore may refer to:
* James Ashmore (footballer) (born 1986), English football player
* James N. Ashmore (1878–1944), American football, basketball, and baseball coach
* James Ashmore Creelman (1894–1941), American screenwriter
* Jim Ashmore (1935–2023), American basketball player
# RC Épernay Champagne

Racing Club Épernay Champagne is a French football club based in the commune of Épernay.
The club plays in Régional 1, the sixth tier of French football, after relegation in the 2022–23 Championnat National 3 season. Its kit colours are white and sky blue. It plays its home matches at the Stade Paul Chandon in Épernay.

## History

The club was founded in 1906. It played four seasons at the third level of French football in 1970, 1972 and 1975. Since then it has promoted five times as champions from the Division d'Honneur Nord-Est et Champagne-Ardenne (or, most recently, Grand Est), each time enjoying a number of seasons at tier four or five in the national pyramid before being relegated back to the regional division again.

## Honours

* Division d'Honneur, Nord-Est et Champagne-Ardenne: 1972, 1975, 2003, 2012, 2017
* Régional 1, Grand Est: 2020
# Margaret Oliver Brown

Margaret Oliver Brown (née MacDonald) (20 September 1912 – 17 November 1990) was a Scottish painter and illustrator. She worked as a commercial artist before studying painting at Glasgow School of Art (1937–41). She was a founder member of the New Scottish Group.

## Personal life

Margaret Oliver Brown was born in Glasgow on 20 September 1912. Her father was a marine engineer from North Uist and her mother was from Fife. Brown was brought up in Pollokshields in Glasgow, with her two brothers, Ian and Alex. She attended the Scotland Street School, which was designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh in the early 1900s.
On 4 August 1936 she married William Oliver Brown, a French teacher who was a well known political activist and Scottish nationalist. They had two children: Catriona (b.1944) and Una (b.1948). After her husband's death in 1976, Brown moved to sheltered accommodation in 1980. She moved to Norwich in 1987, to live with her daughter Una. She died on 17 November 1990.

## Career

In 1927 Brown started attending classes at the Publicity Club of Glasgow and gained certificates on Elementary Advertising. She also took an apprenticeship with a printing firm. She worked as Advertising Manager at Arnotts Department Store (Glasgow) from 1930 until 1936.
She was a founder member of the New Art Club, which was established in 1940 and renamed the New Scottish Group in 1942. She was a particular friend of other members Louise Annand, Millie Frood, Margaret Morris, Jankel Adler, Josef Herman and George Hannah. Throughout the 1940s she exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy, Royal Glasgow Institute and the Society of Independent Scottish Artists, as well as with the New Scottish Group.
In 1949 Brown developed severe rheumatoid arthritis, cutting short her career as a painter. However, she was able to continue as a successful freelance illustrator during the 1950s and '60s. During this time she had a column in the Glasgow Evening Times called 'MOBservations' and also produced satirical political illustrations for her husband's political pamphlets.

## Works in Public Collections

* Self Portrait, 1939 (Perth & Kinross Council, Scotland)
* Oliver Brown, 1902 - 1976. Founder member of the Scottish National Party, c.1940 (Scottish National Portrait Gallery, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland)
* Self Portrait, late 1930s/early 1940s (Scottish National Portrait Gallery, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland)
* Wild Flowers, early 1940s (National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland)
* Chrysanthemums, c.1945 (Perth & Kinross Council, Scotland)
* Suspicion, c.1945 (Perth & Kinross Council, Scotland)
* Female Portrait (Glasgow School of Art, Scotland)
* Male Portrait (Glasgow School of Art, Scotland)
# Sus strozzi

Sus strozzi was a suid native to the Mediterranean region of Europe. It was more ancient than the boar, and was eventually displaced by the latter when it entered Europe during the start of the Pleistocene, 1 Mya.

## Description

Sus strozzi was larger than the modern day wild boar. A skeleton from a young specimen indicates an animal of 150 cm (4.9 ft), while incomplete remains from an adult indicate an animal with a head-and-body length of 183 cm (6.00 ft). One recently found fossil was a 35 cm (14 in) jawbone from a male, much larger than the jawbone of any modern day species of Sus. It was possibly adapted to a swamp environment, and may have been ancestral to the modern Javan warty pig.
# Shock therapy

Shock therapy may refer to:
* Shock therapy (economics)
* Shock therapy (psychiatry)
# Chicoreus ryukyuensis

Chicoreus ryukyuensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The shell is around 40mm long and 20mm wide, pinkish white with orange tints. It has 7.5 volutes lined with short spines down to a siphonal canal.

## Distribution

The species was discovered near the Okinawa Islands, part of the Ryukyu island chain after which it was named.
# Jiří Jirmal

Jiří Jirmal (24 April 1925 – 11 December 2019) was a classical guitarist who was also dedicated to jazz.
He was born as Jiří Novák in Prague. Some of his compositions incorporate elements of Brazilian music (e.g. Bossa Nova, Samba). He contributed in the musical background for Gene Deitch's 1962 Tom and Jerry cartoon Tall in the Trap, in which he was credited as George Jirmal.
# Securidaca leiocarpa

Securidaca leiocarpa is a species of plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
# Rodenbek (municipality)

Rodenbek is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# RC Říčany

RC Říčany (known as RC Mountfield Říčany for sponsorship reasons) is a Czech rugby club based in Říčany. They currently play in the Extraliga ragby XV. Since 2009 they also compete in the Central & Eastern European Rugby Cup along with fellow Czechs Dragon Brno.

## History

RC Říčany was founded in 1944 by Josef Kohout, after which the club's home ground is named.
The club had a tough start, as World War II was still pretty much in full force. People were living in fear for the Gestapo or being sent to work in Germany.
Initially, they played only friendly matches, including a match against an Anglo-American forces side in 1946.
1952 saw the temporary cessation of rugby activity, owing to the lack of skilled players and competent officials, problems with the playing field and financial struggles.
In 1956 the club restarted again, with more focus on developing home-grown players, and with Josef Kohout still a major driving force behind the club.
The club celebrated their 65th anniversary in 2009.

## Historical names

* DTJ Říčany (1944)
* Meteor Říčany (1946–49)
* TJ Sokol Říčany (1950–66)
* TJ Sokol Disk Říčany (1967–87)
* TJ Sokol Spoje Říčany (1988–89)
* Rugby Club Říčany (1990–2010)
* Rugby Club Mountfield Říčany (2011–)

## Honours

* Extraliga ragby XV
** 1996, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2011, 2012, 2021, 2022, 2023

## Notable former players

* Josef Kohout
* Martin Cimprich
# Andrew Intamba

Andrew "Bongi" Intamba (14 April 1947 – 8 April 2014) was a Namibian politician and diplomat. Intamba served as the country's Director of the Central Intelligence Service from 1991 until 2007. He then joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a diplomat in February 2008. President Hifikepunye Pohamba appointed Intamba as Namibia's first Ambassador to Egypt in 2008, a position he held until his death.
He was awarded the Order of Namibia Eagle 2nd Class medal in 2004.
Intamba died of a short illness at the Rhino Park hospital in Windhoek, Namibia, on 8 April 2014, at the age of 67. He was survived by his wife, Johanna Intamba, four daughters, and a son.
# William George Beattie

William George Beattie (2 December 1841 – 28 May 1918) was an English locomotive engineer. He was born in Lambeth, London the son of Joseph Hamilton Beattie. He joined the London and South Western Railway in 1862 as a draughtsman at Nine Elms Locomotive Works. He succeeded his father as Locomotive Engineer of the LSWR following Joseph's death in 1871. He was not however a success in this post and was forced to resign in 1878.

## Locomotive classes

W.G. Beattie perpetuated five of his father's designs, but with modifications. He also introduced five classes of his own design.
Locomotive classes designed by W.G. Beattie :
| Class | Wheel arrangement | Driving wheels | Years built | Builders | Quantity | Purpose | Notes |
| 298 | 2-4-0WT | 5 ft 6 in (1.7 m) | 1872–75 | Beyer, Peacock (12); Nine Elms (3) | 15 | Suburban passenger | Modified J.H. Beattie design |
| Lion | 0-6-0 | 5 ft 0 in (1.5 m) | 1872–73 | Nine Elms | 6 | Goods | Modified J.H. Beattie design |
| Volcano | 2-4-0 | 6 ft 0 in (1.8 m) | 1872–73 | Nine Elms | 6 | Passenger | Modified J.H. Beattie design |
| 282 | 0-6-0 | 4 ft 6+1⁄2 in (1.4 m) | 1873–80 | Beyer, Peacock | 8 | Goods | |
| 273 | 0-6-0 | 5 ft 1 in (1.5 m) | 1873 | Beyer, Peacock | 6 | Goods | Modified J.H. Beattie design |
| Vesuvius | 2-4-0 | 6 ft 6 in (2.0 m) | 1873–75 | Nine Elms | 18 | Passenger | Modified J.H. Beattie design |
| 302 | 0-6-0 | 5 ft 1 in (1.5 m) | 1874–78 | Beyer, Peacock | 36 | Goods | |
| 318 | 4-4-0T | 5 ft 9 in (1.8 m) | 1875 | Beyer, Peacock | 6 | Passenger |
| 330 | 0-6-0ST | 4 ft 1 in (1.2 m) | 1876–82 | Beyer, Peacock | 20 | Shunting | |
| 348 | 4-4-0 | 6 ft 6 in (2.0 m) | 1877 | Sharp, Stewart | 20 | Passenger | |
# Shigeru Sugimura

Shigeru Sugimura (杉村 繁, Sugimura Shigeru, born July 31, 1957) is a Japanese former Nippon Professional Baseball infielder.
# Chicoreus pisori

Chicoreus pisori is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 35.9 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Christmas Island.
# Logic redundancy

Logic redundancy occurs in a digital gate network containing circuitry that does not affect the static logic function. There are several reasons why logic redundancy may exist. One reason is that it may have been added deliberately to suppress transient glitches (thus causing a race condition) in the output signals by having two or more product terms overlap with a third one.
Consider the following equation:
    $Y=AB+{\overline {A}}C+BC.$
The third product term $BC$ is a redundant consensus term. If $A$ switches from 1 to 0 while $B=1$ and $C=1$, $Y$ remains 1. During the transition of signal $A$ in logic gates, both the first and second term may be 0 momentarily. The third term prevents a glitch since its value of 1 in this case is not affected by the transition of signal $A$.
Another reason for logic redundancy is poor design practices which unintentionally result in logically redundant terms. This causes an unnecessary increase in network complexity, and possibly hampering the ability to test manufactured designs using traditional test methods (single stuck-at fault models). Testing might be possible using IDDQ models.

## Removing logic redundancy

Logic redundancy is, in general, not desired. Redundancy, by definition, requires extra parts (in this case: logical terms) which raises the cost of implementation (either actual cost of physical parts or CPU time to process). Logic redundancy can be removed by several well-known techniques, such as Karnaugh maps, the Quine–McCluskey algorithm, and the heuristic computer method.

## Adding logic redundancy

In some cases it may be desirable to add logic redundancy. One of those cases is to avoid race conditions whereby an output can fluctuate because different terms are "racing" to turn off and on. To explain this in more concrete terms the Karnaugh map to the right shows the minterms for the following function:
    $f(A,B,C,D)=E(6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14).\$
The boxes represent the minimal AND/OR terms needed to implement this function:
    $f=A{\overline {C}}+A{\overline {B}}+BC{\overline {D}}.$
The k-map visually shows where race conditions occur in the minimal expression by having gaps between minterms, for example, the gap between the blue and green rectangles. If the input were to change from $1110$ to $1010$ then a race will occur between $BC{\overline {D}}$ turning off and $A{\overline {B}}$ turning on. If the blue term switches off before the green turns on then the output will fluctuate and may register as 0. Another race condition is between the blue and the red for transition from $1110$ to $1100$.
The race condition is removed by adding in logic redundancy. Both minterm race conditions are covered by addition of the yellow term $A{\overline {D}}$.
In this case, the addition of logic redundancy has stabilized the output to avoid output fluctuations because terms are racing each other to change state.