OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vitebsk Ghetto

Vitebsk Ghetto or Witebsk Ghetto was a short-lived ghetto in the town of Vitebsk in modern-day Belarus. It was created soon after the German invasion of the Soviet Union; immediately after the Nazis took control of the town on 11 July 1941.
Approximately 16,000 Jews lived in the ghetto. In October, the Nazi administrators declared that the poor conditions in the ghetto created a health hazard for local inhabitants and that an epidemic had started in the ghetto; in fact, this declaration was a pretext to move and massacre the Jews. Less than three months later, on 8 October 1941, the Nazis started a massacre of the Vitebsk Jews, which ended on 11 October with the deaths of most of the ghetto's inhabitants (sources vary as to the exact number). Many bodies were disposed in the nearby Vitba river.
# Ramkisoen Dewdat Oedayrajsing Varma

Ramkisoen Dewdat Oedayrajsing Varma (March 1907 – 1968) was a member of the Estates of Suriname for the VHP during the 1950s.
Varma was born in Nieuw Nickerie. He studied to become a teacher at a primary school, but did not finish it. He became a priest at the Arya Samay and a trader. In 1950 he officially became an interpreter of Hindustani languages in the Nickerie District and he was also chairman of the van Drimmelenpolder water board.
At the 1951 Surinamese general election Oedayrajsing Varma was elected in the Nickerie District to become a member of the Estates of Suriname. Four years later he was re-elected. In April 1958 Oedayrajsing Varma and VHP member Soekdew Mungra supported a vote of confidence in the Ferrier government, although the VHP was at that moment in opposition. As a result Ferrier could remain in power a little longer. At the snap election a few months later he was no longer a VHP candidate. He continued with his cultural and religious activities.
Oedayrajsing Varma died of a sudden heartache during a speech in 1968.
# Calopadia granulosa

Calopadia granulosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pilocarpaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho (Rondônia), where it was found growing on the smooth bark of a tree in a park near a rainforest. The thallus of the lichen consists of a crust of pale greyish-green granules that lacks a prothallus. Its ascospores, which number one per ascus, are hyaline, ellipsoid, and muriform. They measure 33–38 by 10.5–13.0 μm; these are among the smallest ascospores found in the genus Calopadia.
# Coffee production in Angola

Coffee production in Angola refers to the production of coffee in Angola. Coffee is one of Angola's largest agricultural products; at its peak, while under Portuguese rule, Angola was the third-largest producer of coffee in the world.

## History

Plantation and production of coffee contributed largely to the economy of Angola's northwestern area, including the Uíge Province. Coffee production was started by the Portuguese in the 1830s and soon became a cash crop; the first commercial coffee plantation in Angola was started by a Brazilian farmer in 1837. The most common crop grown on approximately 2,000 Angolan plantations, owned mostly by the Portuguese, was robusta coffee. In the early 1970s, Angola was the third largest coffee-producing country in the world. However, the civil war that followed the Portuguese rule devastated a large number of coffee plantations. With most coffee agronomists migrating to Brazil, coffee plants grown on plantations became wild bushes. Rehabilitation of the plantations has been ongoing since 2000, but the investment required to replace the 40-year-old unproductive plants are estimated to be US$230 million. With the opening up of new roads, industrial activity in the province is taking shape.

## Production

The Angola National Institute of Coffee (INCA) has three research stations, mainly responsible for producing and distributing robusta seedlings, in Gabela, Kwanza Sul, and Uige; however, due to wartime damage, only one of them is functional. Actual coffee production predominantly occurs in Uige, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Bengo, and Cabinda. Production of arabica coffee, which accounts for some 5% of Angola's coffee exports, takes place in Benguela, Bie, Huambo, Huila, and Moxico. Angola had its highest level of coffee production in 1973, recording a total yield of 209,000 tonnes (206,000 long tons; 230,000 short tons). According to a 2000 study by the International Coffee Organization, coffee production's contribution to the economy in Angola is negligible; coffee exports in 1997 accounted for only $5 million, with total exports valued at $4,626 million.

## Regulation

The coffee industry in Angola is monitored and regulated by the Secretary of State for Coffee through the Secretariat of Coffee (established 1988), which in turn tasks INCA to oversee production on the ground. All coffee producers must obtain a license valued at around $40 and prove that they have the prerequisites to properly produce coffee, including having the capital to handle at least 15 tonnes (15 long tons; 17 short tons) of coffee and a serviceable warehouse.
# Parrella

Parrella is a genus of gobies native to the tropical waters of the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the Americas. The name of this genus honours the Norwegian American marine biologist, zoologist and oceanographer Albert Eide Parr (1900-1991).

## Species

There are currently five recognized species in this genus:
* Parrella fusca Ginsburg, 1939
* Parrella ginsburgi Wade, 1946 (Darkblotch goby)
* Parrella lucretiae (C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1888) (Lucretia's goby)
* Parrella macropteryx Ginsburg, 1939
* Parrella maxillaris Ginsburg, 1938 (Doublestripe goby)
# Shut Up (Kelly Osbourne song)

"Shut Up" is the second single released by Kelly Osbourne. It is from her debut album Shut Up. It reached the top 20 of some European charts, but only reached #34 in Australia. It was not as successful as her debut single, a cover of "Papa Don't Preach" by Madonna.
Reportedly, Kelly wrote the song about her brother Jack Osbourne, and his annoyance of her when she was a child.

## Tracks

* "Shut Up" (album version)
* "Too Much of You" (album version)
* "Shut Up" (karaoke version)
* "Shut Up" (music video)

## Charts

| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 34 |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 38 |
| Denmark (Tracklisten) | 96 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 52 |
| Ireland (Irish Singles Chart) | 18 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 44 |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 15 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 19 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 81 |
| UK Singles (Official Charts Company) | 12 |
| UK Rock & Metal Chart (Official Charts Company) | 1 |
# Rupert Smith (novelist)

Rupert Smith (born 1960) is an American-born English author and journalist.
Smith has written novels and biographies under his birth name, and is also known for his gay erotica genre novels. These novels are published under the pen name James Lear. A third name, Rupert James, is used for books aimed at a female audience. To date, these three pen names, which respectively cover mainstream, erotic, and women's fiction, neatly categorise and encompass all of his literary output.
Under his birth name, Smith has written novels inspired by his more than twenty years experience in entertainment journalism. These comprise his first three novels, I Must Confess, Fly on the Wall, and Service Wash, the latter inspired by the author's time working with a soap opera, EastEnders, on its 20th-anniversary book. His fourth novel, Man's World, was about two gay men living fifty years apart in London, where each explores the "scene" of his time. In 2013 he wrote Grim, a horror novel, and the following year a female-led coming-of-age story, Interlude. The author's first book, Man Enough to be a Woman was a collaborative memoir of the singer/performer/artist Jayne County. Physique was a collaborative memoir of the gay photographer John S. Barrington.
The Lear novels include Bildungsromans, such as The Palace of Varieties (about a man's introduction to the secret gay scene of 1930s London), and Golden Age detective stories, viz: his Mitch Mitchell series, about an American at Oxford University. These books are often praised for their historical detail. The Lear name is also attached to a contemporary hardboiled series about Dan Stagg, a victim of America's now-defunct Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy. Lear novels feature handsome, muscular, and happily promiscuous young men. Each story has frequent, graphic gay sex. Their titles tend to be homoerotic puns, like A Sticky End and The Hardest Thing.
# Hughie Hughes

Hugh Hughes (c. 1878 – 2 December 1916) was a British racing driver who participated in the 1911 Indianapolis 500 and the 1912 Indianapolis 500.

## Biography

Hughes was born in London, England, and moved to the United States in his twenties. He lived in the U.S. for more than a decade, with his last residence being in Los Angeles, California. He was killed in an accident on 2 December 1916 at Uniontown Speedway in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Driver Frank Galvin, with his mechanic Gaston Weigle on board, crashed his car into the stands at about 100 miles an hour. Hughes had just crashed his own car and was talking to a teammate at the side of the track when he was hit.

## Motorsports career results
### Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Car | Start | Qual | Rank | Finish | Laps | Led | Retired |
| 1911 | 36 | 32 | — | — | 12 | 200 | 0 | Running |
| 1912 | 21 | 17 | 81.810 | 11 | 3 | 200 | 0 | Running |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 400 | 0 | |
| Starts | 2 |
| Poles | 0 |
| Front Row | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Top 5 | 1 |
| Top 10 | 1 |
| Retired | 0 |
# Carey, Georgia

Carey is an unincorporated community in Greene County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## History

A variant name was "Litch". A post office called Litch was established in 1909, and remained in operation until 1918. The current name is after James Carey, a railroad agent.
# Vladimir Reznikov

Vladimir Reznikov was a Russian American gangster. After attempting to retrieve money owed to him for a fraudulent gas license provided by Marat Balagula, for whom he sold bootlegged gasoline in a western New York gas station, among many other enterprises, Reznikov was shot dead by the Lucchese crime family, to whom Balagula was paying street tax. Reznikov's murder remained unsolved until the 1994 cooperation of Lucchese acting boss Anthony Casso. According to Casso, the shooting was committed by Joseph Testa and Anthony Senter, two veterans of the DeMeo crew.

## Biography
### Gangster career

In the spring of 1986, the Colombo crime family crew, led by Michael Franzese, began shaking down associates of Balagula, who was running a multibillion-dollar gasoline bootlegging operation. In response, Balagula asked for a sit-down with Christopher Furnari, the consiglieri for the Lucchese crime family. After the sit-down took place in Brooklyn's 19th Hole social club, Balagula agreed to pay street tax to the Lucchese family. The money was not only strategically shared, but became the Five Families' biggest moneymaker after narcotics trafficking.
According to Philip Carlo,
   It didn't take long for word on the street to reach the Russian underworld: Marat Balagula was paying off the Italians; Balagula was a punk; Balagula had no balls. Balagula's days were numbered. This, of course, was the beginning of serious trouble. Balagula did in fact have balls—he was a ruthless killer when necessary—but he also was a smart diplomatic administrator and he knew that the combined, concerted force of the Italian crime families would quickly wipe the newly arrived Russian competition off the proverbial map.
Shortly afterward, on June 12, 1986, Vladimir Reznikov entered Balagula's headquarters at the Odessa nightclub. He pushed a 9mm Beretta into Balagula's skull and demanded the $600,000 that he alleged Balagula owed him. After Balagula promised to get the money, Reznikov allegedly snarled "Fuck with me and you're dead—you and your whole fucking family; I swear—you understand?". Although all conversation took place in Russian, so proper translation is suspect.
Shortly after Reznikov left, Balagula suffered a massive heart attack. He insisted on being treated at his home in Brighton Beach, where he felt it would be harder for Reznikov to gain access to him. When Lucchese underboss Anthony Casso arrived, he listened to what had happened and said, "Send word to Vladimir that you have his money, that he should come to the club tomorrow. We'll take care of the rest." Casso requested a photograph of Reznikov and a description of his car.
The following day, Reznikov arrived at Balagula's nightclub for the meet. Instead, Reznikov was attacked by Gambino associate Joseph Testa from behind, who fatally shot him on Casso's orders. According to Casso, "After that, Marat didn't have any problems with other Russians."
# Argyresthia furcatella

Argyresthia furcatella is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in North America, including Colorado.
The wingspan is 12–13 mm. The forewings are white, sprinkled with dark brown transverse reticulations especially toward the apex. From the middle of the dorsum runs an ill-defined outwardly oblique, dark brown fascia to beyond the end of the cell. There is a small round dark brown spot on the fold between this and the base and a series of dark brown marginal spots begin on the middle of the costa and reach round to the tornus. The hindwings are ochreous fuscous.
The larvae feed on Quercus species. The species was reared from a cynipid gall on oak.
# Guido de' Medici

Guido de' Medici (died 1537) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Chieti (1528–1537) and Bishop of Venosa (1527–1528).

## Biography

On 12 June 1527, Guido de' Medici was appointed Bishop of Venosa by Pope Clement VII.
On 3 January 1528, he was appointed by Pope Clement VII as Archbishop of Chieti. He served as Archbishop of Chieti until his death in 1537. He was buried in Rome, in the Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
# Shuttleworth (canvassing)

In the United Kingdom, Shuttleworths are lists of people canvassed to be likely to vote for a particular political party in an electoral campaign. "Shuttleworth" was the Liberal Democrat name for the scheme.
The idea was that on Election Day once someone is determined to have voted, they are crossed off the list, thus maintaining an always up-to-date record of voters who have not yet been out to vote. Originally, they were usually printed on multi-sheet Carbonless copy paper so that successive updated copies for each street can progressively be torn off and given to party election workers as a list of doors to knock on. They were known as Mikardo pads after Ian Mikardo in the Labour party and as Reading pads in the Conservative party - in both cases because of the original invention, using carbon paper during the 1945 General Election in the Reading constituency, won by Mikardo. This method is largely superseded by first EARS and then VAN software (named Connect in the UK) for the Liberal Democrats, MERLIN for the Conservative Party and Contact Creator for the Labour Party.
# Jazz in Turkey

Jazz in Turkey is a 2013 documentary directed by Batu Akyol. The film explores the condition, evolution, and interaction of Turkish jazz music and its musicians, in parallel to Turkish history.
Filming for the documentary commenced in 2011, featuring interviews with more than 50 musicians, producers and academians including Terence Blanchard, İlhan Erşahin, Herbie Hancock and Cüneyt Sermet. The film premiered in Turkey on July 14, 2013.

## Interviewees

Hakan Atala, Murat Beşer, Terence Blanchard, Sadettin Davran, Craig Dicker, Baki Duyarlar, Dr. JB Days, İlhan Erşahin, Feridun Ertaşkan, Muvaffak Falay, Emin Fındıkoğlu, Önder Focan, Zuhal Focan, Bozkurt İlham Gencer, Kerem Görsev, Selen Gülün, Ediz Hafızoğlu, Herbie Hancock, Emre Kartari, Dost Kip, Can Kozlu, Joe Mardin, Güngör Mimaroğlu, T.S Monk, Dan Morgenstern, Pelin Opcin, Tuna Ötenel, Ali Perret, Mike Ringquist, Mehmet Ali Sanlıkol, Cüneyt Sermet, Çağrı Sertel, Wayne Shorter, Selçuk Sun, Görgün Taner, Orhan Tekelioğlu, Okay Temiz, Sabri Tuluğ Tırpan, Hülya Tunçağ, Şenova Ülker, Nail Yavuzoğlu, Ayşegül Yeşilnil, Nezih Yeşilnil, Ahmet Yeşiltepe
# Hughie McAlees

Edmund Herbert (Hughie) McAlees (29 October 1879 – 20 December 1964) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Wallaroo from 1950 to 1956 for the Labor Party.
# Cardiff Comedy Festival

The Cardiff Comedy Festival is organised by Scott Fitzgerald, Tom Wakeham, Richard Balshaw, Johnny Disco and Matt Price. As well as showcasing established, mainly Welsh, acts, the Festival also aims to nurture new talent, and in 2010 premiered the first Welsh Unsigned Standup Awards.

## 2009 Festival

The 2009 Festival ran from 21–26 July 2009, and was based entirely at O'Neill's bar. The heart of the festival was 10 Edinburgh preview shows. Featured artistes included
* Rhod Gilbert with support from Ellis James and James Gordillo
* Sketch troupe The Plastic Seat Company
* Matt Price
* Nick Page
* Wil Hodgson
* Pat Monahan
* Craig Campbell

## 2010 Festival

Although previous attempts to launch a comedy festival in Cardiff had failed, and promoters had in the past lost money on the venture, the 2009 Festival was sufficiently successful for the organisers to stage a larger event in 2010.
The 2010 Festival ran from the 16–26 July. The line up included
* Rhod Gilbert
* Lucy Porter
* Lloyd Langford
* Matt Price
* Russell Kane
* Jo Caulfield
* Pappy's
* Phil Nichol
In addition to the main festival, there is also the WUSA (Welsh Unsigned Standup Award) and a series of workshops in Cardiff Central Library.
Venues included St David's Hall, The Glee Club, Central Library, Nos Da and O'Neill's bar.

## 2011 Festival

Venues included include St David's Hall, The Glee Club, Nos Da (WUSA) and RWCMD
Acts included Craig Campbell, Johnny Disco, Taylor Glenn, Ardal O'Hanlon, Richard Herring, Ellis James, Wes Packer, Matt Price and JJ Whitehead

## 2012 Festival

Acts Included Lucy Porter, Vikki Stone, Matt Price, Richard Herring, Ellis James, Lloyd Langford and Wil Hodgeson
Venues included St David's Hall, The Glee Club, Central Library, Chapter Arts Centre and Gwdihw.
# Buonarroti's History of Babeuf's Conspiracy for Equality

Buonarroti's History of Babeuf's Conspiracy for Equality (Histoire de la Conspiration pour l'Égalité dite de Babeuf) is a history book about Gracchus Babeuf's failed Conspiracy of the Equals penned in 1828 by Italian writer and conspirator Philippe Buonarroti, himself a member of Babeuf's inner circle. The book was immensely successful not only in France but abroad as well. Chartist leader James Bronterre O'Brien translated the work into English in 1836 and over fifty thousand copies of the translated work were subsequently sold in the United Kingdom. Both Buonarroti and O'Brien took considerable risk when publishing the work, as evidenced by their use of acronyms to identify surviving members of the Conspiracy in their correspondence with one another.
# Argosy Foundation

The Argosy Foundation, founded in 1997, is currently based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was formerly known as the Abele Family Charitable Trust.

## History

The foundation was established in 1995 with a $9 million endowment from John Abele. In 2002, it was reported that the foundation would move to Milwaukee with a net worth of over $450 million and that it had a history of supporting "liberal social and environmental causes." It was also reported that the foundation trustees were the five members of the Abele family: Chris, Alex, Jennifer, John Abele, and his wife.

## Grantees

These are among the grants awarded:
* 2012 award of 1.2 million dollars to Olin College of Engineering
* 2013 award of 70,000 to a San Francisco company, Energy Foundation, which has been linked to a conservative-based super PAC the Congressional Leadership Fund
* 2013 award of 100,000 dollars to Conservation Law Foundation
* 2013 award of 65,000 dollars to Forestethics
* 2013 award of 20,000 dollars to Center for Biological Diversity
* 2013 award of 300,000 dollars to the Rocky Mountain Institute
* 2012 award of 250,000 dollars to For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology
# Koi Child

Koi Child was an Australian hip-hop band from Fremantle, Perth, Western Australia. They formed in 2014 through the combination of two bands; Kashikoi and Child's Play. Their self-titled debut album was recorded, mixed and co-produced by Kevin Parker of Tame Impala and was released in March 2016. In 2018, Koi Child disbanded.

## Band members

* Shannon Cruz Patterson – vocals (2014–2018)
* Blake Hart – drums (2014–2018)
* Christian Ruggiero – tenor saxophone (2014–2018), baritone saxophone (2016–2018)
* Jamie Canny – alto saxophone (2014–2018)
* Sam Newman – trombone (2014–2018)
* Tom Kenny – keyboards and synthesizers (2014–2017)
* Yann Vissac – bass guitar (2014–2018)

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Details |
| Koi Child | Released: 2016 Label: Pilerats Records (PR018) Format: CD, LP, digital download |

## Awards and nominations
### ARIA Music Awards

The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2016 | Koi Child | Best Urban Album | Nominated |

### WAM Awards

Koi Child have won five awards from eight nominations.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2015 | Koi Child | Best Urban Act | Nominated |
| 2015 | Koi Child | Most Popular New Act | Won |
| 2015 | "Black Panda" | Most Popular Music Video | Nominated |
| 2016 | Koi Child | Most Popular Act | Won |
| 2016 | Koi Child | Best Urban Act (tied win with Mathas) | Won |
| 2016 | Koi Child | Best Album | Won |
| 2016 | Tom Kenny | Best Keys/Synth Artist | Nominated |
| 2016 | "1-5-9" | Most Popular Music Video | Won |