OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pânsâwân

Pânsâwân, or dry meat, is a type of dried smoked meat product made by the Indigenous peoples of Canada including the Cree, Dene, and Métis. The term is loosely translated from the Cree language as "thin-sliced meat" with the meat used for its production from bison, elk, or moose. It is commonly made in the Indigenous community, considered a delicacy, and is also culturally significant.
Due to the popularity of the product and interest in Indigenous foods, the product is sold globally and many Canadian grocery chains have begun to sell the product domestically.

## Production

Pânsâwân is traditionally produced by first slicing the meat parallel to the muscle grain into thin sheets. This can be done either in by slicing meat into separate layers that results in many smaller sheets, or by meticulously slicing a large piece of meat from a single muscle in a rolling fashion that produces a single long extended "scroll". The sheets of sliced meat are then placed on a wooden frame to simultaneously dry and smoke over a small controlled flame. This is sometimes done inside a covered smoke shack. Many North American jerky foods had derived their production from this or similar Indigenous methods.
The product is shelf-stable, can kept for long periods without spoilage despite the lack of added modern preservatives, and can be consumed directly similarly to beef jerky or pounded to make pemmican.
# Oktoberfest Joy

Oktoberfest Joy is a fountain and sculpture by Jerry Joslin, installed in Mt. Angel, Oregon, United States.

## Description and history

The fountain depicts two dancing children; the statues were acquired by the Mt. Angel Chamber of Commerce, which also maintains the fountain and surrounding flower beds. A planning and design document for the proposed Mt. Angel Bavarian District describes the fountain as a "key transportation landmark" and recommended converting the fountain to solar power. In 2018, the Roth Family Foundation granted $10,000 to the city for a 26x18-foot mural by David McDonald depicting Mt. Angel's "iconic" landmarks. The "German inspired" mural shows dancers wearing lederhosen and "ringing" the Oktoberfest Joy fountain.
# John Sherman (historian)

John Sherman (died 1671) was an English churchman and academic, archdeacon of Salisbury in 1670, known as a historian of Jesus College, Cambridge.

## Life

Sherman was a native of Dedham, Essex. He studied at Queens' College, Cambridge, which he entered in September 1645. On 25 October 1650, Sherman was elected to a fellowship at Jesus College. He was incorporated at Oxford on 12 July 1653.
In 1661 he was presented to the university living of Wilmesloe in the diocese of Chester. The Act of Indemnity, however, enabled the former incumbent to retain the living, and Sherman was never instituted. In 1662 his college presented him to the rectory of Harlton in Cambridgeshire, and in the same year he was elected president of the College.
In 1663 Sherman appears as one of the syndics for restoring the library at Lambeth Palace, and in the following year as one of the twelve university preachers. In 1665 he was admitted to the degree of D.D. by royal mandate. In 1670 he was appointed archdeacon of Salisbury. He died in London, 27 March 1671, and was buried in Jesus College chapel.

## Works

Sherman's Historia Collegii Jesu Cantabrigiæ was edited by James Orchard Halliwell (London, 1840). It gives an account of Jesus College, Cambridge, from its foundation; and also of the earlier nunnery of St. Rhadegund, which stood on the same site. It went up to the mastership of Edmund Boldero (elected 1663), to whom Sherman dedicated the work.
# Pandoji Kunjar

Pandoji Kunjar (Kunjir)(Marathi: पांडोजी कुंजर / कुंजीर), was a sardar in the service of Peshwa Baji Rao II and the elder son of Sardar Balaji Kunjar. After his father Balaji Kunjar, he possess the position of Sur-Patil (सर-पाटील) at Pune Punch Mahals along with his brother Narayan Kunjar at era of Peshawa Baji Rao II.
In the early phase Baji Rao II deployed him towards Karnatak to control the opposition and administration of the maratha empire.
When Peshwa Baji Rao II was seriously alarmed by the opposition of powerful chief of maratha empire, Pathwardhan, Phadake, Raste and from Mankaris also, Baji Rao II ordered Pandoji Kunjar to raise troops to fight against opposition and gives Rs. 10000. He tried to oppose the Holkar army at Gar Dond to resist lead towards Pune. He was also part of Peshwas Army that fought against the Holkar Army at Baramati.
# Upper Orakzai Tehsil

Upper Orakzai Tehsil is a subdivision located in Orakzai District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population is 63,872 according to the 2017 census.
# Rufous-rumped seedeater

The rufous-rumped seedeater (Sporophila hypochroma), also known as the grey-and-chestnut seedeater, is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It breeds in southern Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay. It migrates northward to Bolivia, the Pantanal and central Brazil. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, and pastureland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Santa Ana, La Paz

Santa Ana is a municipality in the Honduran department of La Paz, known for its high crime rate.

## Demographics

At the time of the 2013 Honduras census, Santa Ana municipality had a population of 11,777. Of these, 95.56% were Indigenous (95.46% Lenca), 4.25% Mestizo, 0.13% Black or Afro-Honduran and 0.06% others.
# Bill Poynton

William Poynton (born 30 June 1943) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Lincoln City and Mansfield Town.
# Bill Furby

William Furby (1 May 1869 – 1949) was an English amateur footballer who played for Southampton St. Mary's in the club's first season in the Southern League.

## Football career

Furby was one of several players from Staffordshire who joined St. Mary's in 1894. His first recorded match was at centre-half in a Hampshire County Cricket Club Charity Cup tie on 18 April – he retained his place for the remaining two matches in this tournament including the final against Royal Artillery five days later, when he scored in a 5–0 victory.
Although he was an adaptable half-back and a good crosser of the ball, during the inaugural Southern League season, Furby's first-team opportunities were restricted due to the form of Ernie Taylor and Lachie Thomson. After only five league and two FA Cup outings, he left the "Saints" to join arch-rivals Freemantle.
# Billy Bridgewater

William Bridgewater was an English footballer who played as a forward. Born in Parkgate, Rotherham he began his career with a short spell at Doncaster Rovers before moving across the Pennines to play for Newton Heath. Still an amateur whilst in Manchester he also appeared for Oldham Olympic and Gainsborough Trinity as a guest player during this period (as was allowed under FA rules) before returning to Doncaster Rovers.
Bridgewater was signed on professional terms by Rotherham Town in 1889 but was transferred to nearby Sheffield United in September 1890. Scoring a hat-trick in his debut game, he would go on to play in the Midland Counties League and the FA Cup for the Yorkshire club. After one season at Bramall Lane he returned to Doncaster Rovers in the summer of 1891 before finishing his playing career at Hexthorpe, although he retained his links with United, acting as a scout for several years after his departure. Bridgewater was also a professional boxer but injuries brought about his retirement from both boxing and football. He subsequently opened a gym in Doncaster where he became a boxing and wrestling promoter, managing two British boxing champions.
# Sarcodon scabripes

Sarcodon scabripes is a species of fungus in the family Bankeraceae found in Asia, Europe, and North America. It was originally described in 1897 as Hydnum scabripes by Charles Horton Peck. Howard James Banker transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1906. The fungus makes fruit bodies with a drab gray to flesh-colored cap, and flesh that is white. In addition to the United States, where it was first documented, S. scabripes has been reported from Japan and the Sverdlovsk Oblast region of Russia.
# Sarcodon rutilus

Sarcodon rutilus is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in Papua New Guinea, it was described as new to science in 1974 by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus. The specific epithet rutilus refers to the red cap.
# Bill Hudson (photographer)

Bill Hudson (August 20, 1932 – June 24, 2010) was an American photojournalist for the Associated Press who was best known for his photographs taken in the Southern United States during the Civil Rights Movement. The depictions of police brutality against peaceful protesters that were seen in his widely published photographs helped push public support towards the goals of the civil rights movement.
William Marvin Hudson was born in Detroit on August 20, 1932. He began his career as a photographer in 1949 when he joined the United States Army during the Korean War. He became a sergeant. After leaving military service, he worked as a photographer at the Press-Register of Mobile, Alabama and The Chattanooga Times.
He was hired by the Memphis, Tennessee bureau of the Associated Press in 1962 and covered many widely reported events of the civil rights era, including protests — and the often-violent responses of the police — during the Birmingham campaign and in the Selma to Montgomery marches. His wife recounted that Hudson had been the target of bricks and rocks thrown at him by those who did not want him to photograph the African-American protests and the encounters they had with the police. Phil Sandlin, a competing photographer for UPI, described Hudson as "probably the most feared photographer that I had to work against because he was very, very good".
He took a photo on May 3, 1963, of Walter Gadsden, an African-American bystander who had been grabbed by a sunglasses-wearing police officer, while a German Shepherd lunged at his chest. The photo appeared above the fold, covering three columns in the next day's issue of The New York Times, as well as in other newspapers nationwide. Author Diane McWhorter wrote in her Pulitzer Prize-winning 2001 book Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, the Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution that Hudson's photo that day drove "international opinion to the side of the civil rights revolution".
Hudson joined United Press International in 1974.
A resident of Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, Hudson died at Baptist Medical Center Beaches on June 24, 2010, at age 77 due to congestive heart failure. He was survived by his wife, Patricia.
# Jorge Tadeu Mudalen

Jorge Tadeu Mudalen (born 3 January 1955) is a Brazilian politician. He has spent his political career representing São Paulo, having served as federal deputy representative from 2003 to 2019.

## Personal life

Mudalen is the son of Elias Mudalen and Farida Mudalen. Mudalen is a member of the neo-Pentecostal church Igreja Internacional da Graça de Deus.

## Political career

Mudalen voted in favor of the impeachment motion of then-president Dilma Rousseff. Mudalen voted in favor of the 2017 Brazilian labor reform, and would vote against opening a corruption investigation into Rousseff's successor Michel Temer.
Mudalen caused some controversy in Brazil when he and several other evangelical politicians proposed a bill that would classify abortion as homicide.
# Sardar-e-Jung

The Sardar-e-Jung (Leader of Battle) was the second highest military decoration by the awarded by the Azad Hind Government. First instituted by Subhas Chandra Bose in Germany, it was later also awarded to troops of the Indian National Army in South East Asia. The award could be conferred with swords for valour in combat, and without swords for non-combat awards. At least three awards were made, one to Colonel Shaukat Ali Malik for the capture of Moirang, to Capt Shangara Singh Mann and to Lt Kunwar Balwant singh for capturing British Army Post at Modak. Capt. Mann was also awarded the Vir-e-Hind medal. Colonel Pritam Singh was awarded Sardar-e-jung, he captured a hill named Pritam Hill in Myanmar, Burma & Palel Airport.
# Sarcolaena isaloensis

Sarcolaena isaloensis is a species of plant in the Sarcolaenaceae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss and is only known from Isalo National Park.
# Sarcolaena eriophora

Sarcolaena eriophora is a species of plant in the Sarcolaenaceae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and sandy shores. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Jose L. Jimenez (chemist)

José Luis Jiménez-Palacios is a Spanish–American chemist and engineer. As a professor of chemistry at the University of Colorado Boulder, Jimenez contributed to the establishment of the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, an instrument for real-time analysis of aerosol size and composition.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Jimenez was one of over 200 experts in multiple scientific fields who signed an open letter to the World Health Organization urging them to acknowledge that airborne aerosols play an important role in transmitting COVID-19. Later, he created a Google Doc to educate the public about airborne coronavirus transmission and combat misinformation, and authored multiple scientific papers on the topic.

## Early life and education

Jimenez was born and raised in Zaragoza, Spain. He completed a double master's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Zaragoza and the Université de Technologie de Compiègne before moving to the United States and enrolling at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his PhD.

## Career

During his early tenure at the University of Colorado Boulder, Jimenez contributed to the establishment of the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, an instrument for real-time analysis of aerosol size and composition. In 2006, he and Rainer Volkamer were co-lead authors on a study showing a link between human activities and a type of particulate pollutants. The study was conducted in the Mexico City metropolitan area in 2003. As an associate professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Colorado Boulder, he was named the recipient of the 2010 Rosenstiel Award for his "groundbreaking measurement techniques to atmospheric science, addressing critical questions regarding aerosols in our environment and their role in climate change and air quality." Two years later, Jimenez received a 2012 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Award "for the development and utilization of innovative measurement technology to address critical aspects relating to the sources, transformations, and environmental fates of fine atmospheric particles."
His research into aerosols earned him elections as Fellow of the American Association for Aerosol Research and the American Geophysical Union. He has been recognized by the firm Clarivate Analytics as a Highly Cited Researcher for each year between 2014 and 2022 as being in the top one percent of citations for the geosciences field. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Jimenez was one of 239 experts in multiple scientific fields who signed an open letter to the World Health Organization urging them to acknowledge that airborne aerosols play an important role in transmitting COVID-19. Later, he created a Google Doc to educate the public about airborne coronavirus transmission and combat misinformation. He participated in a non-partisan panel that included 386 multidisciplinary contributors from 112+ countries and published specific statements and recommendations to end COVID-19 as a public health threat in the journal Nature (November 2022).
# Biomesotherapy

Biomesotherapy is an alternative therapy that combines homeopathy, mesotherapy, and acupuncture. Saline and/or homeopathic solutions are injected subcutaneously at or along traditional acupuncture sites. Oral administration of homeopathic formulations may also form part of the treatment. Biomesotherapy is marketed as a form of pain management or as a generalised wellness treatment. Biomesotherapy was implicated in a cluster of mycobacterial infections in Australia in 2008.
This therapy involves the oral administration of a homeopathic remedy and the injection of a sterile saline solution into certain trigger points in the body with the aim of stimulating the organ systems, which is known as the cutivistic response. Biomesotherapy is specially designed to relax tense muscles, and primarily aims to help the body heal itself and normalize the nervous system. This therapy is often used to treat pain as a result of joint disease or other musculoskeletal problems. Biomesotherapy is claimed to help the body to treat the root of the pain. Biomesotherapy is not recommended for the treatment of heart disease, high blood pressure, depression, AIDS etc.
# Biomesh

Biomesh (or biologic mesh) is a type of surgical mesh made from an organic biomaterial (such as porcine dermis, porcine small intestine submucosa, bovine dermis or pericardium, and the dermis or fascia lata of a cadaveric human). Biologic mesh is primarily indicated for several types of hernia repair, including inguinal and ventral hernias, hernia prophylaxis, and contaminated hernia repairs. However, it has also been used in pelvic floor dysfunction, parotidectomy, and reconstructive plastic surgery. The development of biologic mesh largely has derived from the need of a biocompatible material that addresses "the problems associated with a permanent synthetic mesh, including chronic inflammation, foreign body reaction, fibrosis, and mesh infection." As of 2015, however, the efficacy and optimal use of biological mesh products remains in question.

## Development, benefits, and drawbacks

The idea of using organic materials for surgical mesh has been around since at least the late 1950s, though researchers soon learned the materials they tested weren't biocompatible. Research into more compatible biomaterials occurred in the proceeding decades, including the search for cellular-based materials extracted from humans and animals. For example, in 1980, research presented at the first ever World Biomaterials Congress detailed the examined use of dermal collagen of sheep to construct biological mesh for reconstructive surgery. Since then, "research for developing and improvising the biological material required for the production of these meshes" has been ongoing.
Typical advantages attributed to biologic meshes include a reduced risk of infection compared to synthetic meshes, and the absorption of the mesh into the resulting scar as part of cellular ingrowth. Commonly described drawbacks include the high cost of the material and its uncertain clinical effectiveness, particularly when the high cost is considered. An August 2015 literature review published by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health addressed these drawbacks, concluding that "there remains a lack of sufficient evidence to guide clinical practice regarding the use of biological mesh products... Further rigorously designed RCTs are required to clarify comparative clinical effectiveness and safety of the many available biological mesh products for most surgical indications in which their use has been suggested."

### Contamination considerations

The presence of contamination may limit the applicability of permanent synthetic mesh in some procedures such as hernia repair. Biologic mesh may be acceptable for this purpose or for placement in open wounds as a staged closure in complex abdominal wall reconstruction. There is limited data in both of these areas, with some noting a high risk of hernia recurrence and associated infection. The data is mostly limited to animal models and case series. However, the lack of suitable alternatives has made biologic mesh attractive for contaminated field hernia repair.
# Joseph Lee Rodgers

Joseph Lee Rodgers III (born February 9, 1953) is an American psychologist who specializes in quantitative psychology and topics in developmental psychology and social biology. He is the Lois Autrey Betts Professor of Psychology and Human Development Emeritus at Vanderbilt University, and he is also the George Lynn Cross Research Professor Emeritus at the University of Oklahoma, where he taught from 1981 to 2012.

## Education and career

Rodgers graduated from the University of Oklahoma in 1975 with a B.S. in Mathematics and a B.A. in Psychology. He received his Ph.D. in quantitative psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1981, with a minor in biostatistics. His dissertation was on the effects of family configuration on mental development.
He is a past president of the Society for the Study of Social Biology, the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology, and Divisions 5 and 34 of the American Psychological Association. From 2006 to 2011, he was editor-in-chief of Multivariate Behavioral Research. He has been a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science since 2012.
His substantive research has focused on topics such as the relationship between birth order and human intelligence, as well as adolescent risk behaviors, like sexual activity and drug use. His methodological research focuses on behavior genetics, exploratory data analysis, correlation and regression, and best practices for research methods
# Bike Philly

Bike Philly was a bicycle tour of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on a closed route cleared of motorized vehicular traffic. The tour is sponsored by the Bicycle Coalition of Greater Philadelphia, and it occurs on the second Sunday of September. The inaugural event for Bike Philly was held on September 9, 2007, and consisted of two 10 mile loops, a Center City route, and a Fairmount Park route. The ride attracted 2,500 riders
Bike Philly has been canceled for 2012 and will be replaced by a ciclovia in 2013.

## Route

The starting point for the tour is at the front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, with rider registration and check-in held in the Eakins Oval across from the Rocky Steps. The tour begins at the Eakins Oval and travels down the Benjamin Franklin Parkway into the streets of downtown where riders snake their way past city landmarks such as Reading Terminal Market the Philadelphia Mint, Penns Landing, City Hall and South Street, while passing through the neighborhoods of Old City, Society Hill, and Chinatown before returning to Fairmount Park. Once in the park riders have a choice to return to the museum area for a festival, or continue for another 10 miles touring through the extensive roadways of Fairmount Park before returning to the end of tour festival.
For experienced riders the tour organizers also provide additional open road low-traffic routes of 10 and 30 miles with marked route signage, stocked rest stops, and mechanical support (Sag wagon).
# Sarmatia (disambiguation)

Sarmatia or Sarmatian may refer to:
* Sarmatia, the land of the Sarmatians in eastern Europe, ancient Iranian peoples closely related to the Scythians
** Sarmatia Asiatica and Sarmatia Europea, geographical differentiation of the above
** Sarmatian language, an Eastern Iranian language
* Sarmatia (moth), a genus of moths in the family Erebidae
* Sarmatian (age), an age in the geologic timescale of Central Europe and Central Asia
* Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
* Sarmatism, the lifestyle of the aristocracy of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
* Sarmatian Review, a peer reviewed academic journal
* Sarmatian Craton, in geology the southern segment/region of the East European Craton