OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Causey Pike Fault

The Causey Pike Fault or Causey Pike Thrust is a major WSW-ENE trending fault within the Lower Paleozoic rocks of the English Lake District. It is named for Causey Pike, where the fault was first recognised.

## Extent

The Causey Pike Fault has been recognised across the entire outcrop of the Lake District inlier, extending about 35 km from near Ennerdale Bridge in the west, to near Troutbeck in the east. A possible continuation of the fault to the east has been recognised in the Cross Fell inlier, where it also juxtaposes two differing parts of the Skiddaw Group.

## Recognition

It juxtaposes two successions dominated by mudrocks that are of similar age. To the north of the fault, the Ordovician Skiddaw Group is represented by the Kirk Stile Formation, to the south by the Buttermere Formation, both of Arenig age. The younger sequence of volcanic rocks overlying the Skiddaw Group also differs, with the Eycott Volcanic Group to the north and the Borrowdale Volcanic Group to the south. The fault is described as a thrust near Causey Pike, where metasomatised rocks of the Crummock Water Aureole are emplaced over sandstone olistoliths of the Buttermere Formation, but the overall displacement on this structure is oblique, with a significant component of sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip motion.

## Age of movement

The differences in stratigraphy and interpreted depositional environment across the fault may indicate that the fault was originally a normal fault, active during deposition of the Skiddaw Group. The oblique slip movement on the fault occurred during the Acadian Orogeny, at least in part postdating the contact metamorphism that caused the development of the Crummock Water Aureole (dated to about 401 Ma - Emsian), which itself postdates the formation of the regional cleavage seen within the Skiddaw Group.
# Stigmatomma mulanae

Stigmatomma mulanae is a species of ant of the genus Stigmatomma. Described by Xu in 2000 from a single dealate queen found in 1998 in the Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, it was placed as the type species of Bannapone, under the name Bannapone mulanae. It was moved to Stigmatomma by Ward & Fisher (2016).
# William Burke (prior)

William Burke (c. 1611 – dead by 1685) was an Irish Dominican cleric who was Prior of Athenry.
Variously said to be a native of Athenry, Portumna or Turlough, County Mayo. He was a descendant of the House of Burgh, with the surname Burke being the gaelicised form of this surname (de Búrca or Búrc, originally de Burgh). Burke studied in Spain where he joined the Dominican Order. In September 1629, prior to ordination, he was assigned to the convent of Valencia, Spain. He taught at the University of Besançon but by 1646 had returned to Connacht as a professor of philosophy.
By 1648 he was a preacher general and prior of Strade, and in 1650 was Provincial. He was obliged to take refuge on Inisboffin, from where he sailed to Brest in April 1652 as a delegate to the Duke of Lorraine. After the fall of Galway, his political role made it morally impossible for him to return to Ireland before the Restoration, his provincialate was spent in exile. He spent 1653 in Paris and Brussels, before residing at Louvain for the years 1653-55. He was re-appointed Provincial on 13 June 1654. He would travel to Germany at least once.
By 1664, having resigned his office, and survived a preferment controversy for "favouring Connachtmen" at Louvain, Burke was again in Ireland, where he was Prior of Athenry Abbey. In 1667 he was again Prior of Strade. A document of c. 1671 lists him among a number of episcopal candidates.
# William Gordon East

William Gordon East (also W. G. East; 19 November 1902 – 27 January 1998) was an English geographer and writer. He studied at Cambridge University. He taught at the London School of Economics and Political Science.
His work includes the following books:
* The Union of Moldavia and Wallachia, 1859: An Episode in Diplomatic History
* The Geography behind History
* The Changing Map of Asia: A Political Geography
* An Historical Geography of Europe; 1st to 4th eds. Methuen, 1935, 1943, 1948, 1950
* The Soviet Union
* Our Fragmented World: An Introduction to Political Geography
* The Spirit and Purpose of Geography
For his essay on The Union of Moldavia and Wallachia, 1859: An Episode in Diplomatic History, he was awarded the Thirlwall Prize for 1927.

## Footnotes

* ↑ East, W. G. (1935) An Historical Geography of Europe. London: Methuen; p. ix
# Cedar Avenue Bridge

Cedar Avenue Bridge may refer to:
* 10th Avenue Bridge (formerly called the Cedar Avenue Bridge), crossing the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota
* Cedar Avenue Bridge (Minnesota River), carrying Minnesota State Highway 77 over the Minnesota River between Bloomington and Eagan, Minnesota
# Ralph Endersby

Ralph Endersby (born 26 June 1950) is a Canadian actor and producer. He began his acting career in his youth, seen internationally on the 1960s television series The Forest Rangers.
Endersby was one of many CBC television vets to appear in Jim Henson's 1969 experimental drama The Cube, as the guitarist whose band practice unnerves the protagonist. A portion of the guitarist's song lyrics were later quoted in the book It's Not Easy Being Green.
Endersby's other acting credits included roles in a few 70s Canadian features, including Homer, Rip-Off, and Sunday in the Country. In recent years, Endersby has switched to writing and directing, and also produced the TV movie The Challengers.

## Filmography

* 1963-1966: The Forest Rangers, as Junior Ranger Leader Chub Stanley (TV series)
* 1969: My Side of the Mountain (film)
* 1969: The Cube
* 1970: Homer (film)
* 1970-1971: Adventures in Rainbow Country (guest appearance, TV series)
* 1971: Rip-Off (film)
* 1974: Sunday in the Country (film)
* 1976: For the Record: A Nest of Shadows (TV film)
* 1990: The Challengers (producer, CBC TV movie)
# Stick thermal

In aviation, and particularly in the sport of gliding, a stick thermal is an illusion that the glider is climbing in a thermal when, in fact, the upward movement of the glider is caused by nothing more than the pilot pulling backwards on the control stick, causing the aircraft to climb, but lose airspeed.

## Background

It is useful for a pilot to know the rate of climb of air in a thermal. They can use this to find the strongest area of lift in the thermal. A variometer can be used to measure the rate of ascent of an aircraft. However, a simple variometer does not actually measure the lift in the thermal, it measures the rate of ascent of the aircraft. So a pilot may be inside a thermal that is moving upwards at 2 metres per second, but the pilot may be diving their aircraft at 2 metres per second. So the variometer shows zero rate of climb, and does not indicate the presence of the thermal.
A total energy compensated variometer will show the actual rate of climb of the thermal, regardless of the movement of the aircraft.
# Küllisäär

Küllisäär is an island belonging to the country of Estonia.
# Kyokha

Kyokha is a village in Hsawlaw Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
# Rameswaram TV Tower

The Rameswaram TV Tower is a free-standing tower that was built in 1995. Standing at 323 metres (1,060 ft), it is the tallest structure in India. The tower is used by Doordarshan for television broadcasting. The main structure is made of reinforced cement concrete and the mast is made of lattice steel.

## Geography

The Rameswaram TV Tower is situated in the town of Rameswaram, which is a small municipality in the Ramanathapuram district, an administrative district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
# Rameswaram, Kakinada district

Rameswaram is a village in the Kakinada district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The village is situated 5 kilometres west to the district headquarters Kakinada.

## Geography

Rameswaram is located at 16°58′00″N 82°11′00″E﻿ / ﻿16.9667°N 82.1833°E﻿ / 16.9667; 82.1833. The 82-degrees east longitude passes through the place. It has an elevation of 4 metres (13 ft) above sea level.
It is situated 5 km to the west of district headquarters Kakinada and 60 km to the east of the city of Rajahmundry.

## Governance

The area falls under Rameswaram Panchayati. The village falls under Anaparthy Assembly constituency and Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency.

## Transport

The nearest domestic airport is the Rajahmundry Airport at a distance of 60 km and the nearest international airport is the Visakhapatnam Airport at a distance of 160 km. The nearest railway stations are the Kakinada Town railway station and Samalkot Junction railway station.

## Education

Primary and secondary education is provided by government and private schools, overseen by the state's School Education Department. Instruction is delivered in English and Telugu.
# Rajani A. Bhisey

Rajani A. Bhisey (born 20 January 1941) is an Indian scientist. She specializes in the field of environmental carcinogenesis and molecular epidemiology of cancer, occupational hazards.

## Education

Bhisey completed her Bachelor of Science degree from University of Bombay and joined the Indian Cancer Research Centre (ICRC), Mumbai, as a research fellow to work for her Master of Science by research degree. She worked on skin carcinogenesis using electron microscope as the main tool, which led to her PhD degree from the University of Bombay in 1974.

## Career

Bhisey worked at the University of Pennsylvania as a research assistant and later with Jerome J Freed at the Lankenau Institute for Medical Research on ultra-structural aspects of cell surface of drug resistant haploid frog cells. She established a genetic toxicology laboratory at Cancer Research Institute (CRI) to test mutagenic potential of putative mutagens, conduct toxicology investigations and monitor genetic hazards of environmental agents. Her laboratory monitored genetic damage in bidi rollers and tobacco processors who are chronically exposed to high levels of tobacco dust. She introduced courses in cancer biology and genetic toxicology for Master of Science students and helped train several students and scientists in carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. She is a member of the Monograph Program Panel, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.

## Awards and honors

Bhisey has made significant contributions in her field and has been recognized for all her work. Some of her accomplishments are:
* UICC Young Scientist Fellowship
* Lifetime Achievement Award by the Association of Zoologists of India 2007
* Fellow of Maharashtra Academy of Sciences and Indian Academy of Sciences.
# Stigmella stelviana

Stigmella stelviana is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is endemic to the Alps, where it is found at altitudes between 1,900 and 2,600 meters.
The larvae feed on Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla frigida and Potentilla grandiflora. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Rambouillet Decree

The Rambouillet Decree was a decree made by Napoleon Bonaparte in retaliation to the Nonintercourse Act. It stated that any American ship that entered a French port was subject to confiscation.
# William J. Warren

William J. Warren, CM QC (born 1939) is a Canadian lawyer who was the chancellor of the University of Calgary in Alberta from 2002 until 2006. Warren was named to the Alberta bar in 1963 and appointed Queen's Counsel in 1984. He also chaired the Calgary Olympic Development Association for the 1988 Olympics in Calgary. He is also a member of the Order of Canada, appointed in 2003.
# Patrick Nuku Granue

Patrick Nuku Granue (born March 1, 1975) is a Liberian former footballer who played as a defender.
# Thorpe Astley

Thorpe Astley is a suburban settlement on the southwestern edge of the city of Leicester, England. It is part of the civil parish of Braunstone Town, although a small part of the development, around Goodheart Way, extends into Leicester Forest East civil parish. Both Braunstone Town and Leicester Forest East are within the district of Blaby, Leicestershire.
This settlement was built on the last area of agricultural land in Braunstone Town. Construction of this development began after approval from the Blaby District Council in 1994. It covers most of a wedge of land between the M1 Motorway on its western side and the A563 ringroad on the east, with the established community of Braunstone West is on its north side. It is neighboured to the south by the Meridian industrial and commercial development.
A Community Centre to serve this housing estate was opened in October 2010; this is maintained by Braunstone Town Council. Around the same time a new community group was formed, Your Thorpe Astley, with the aim of furthering the interests of local residents and staging events at the centre.
The name "Thorpe Astley" was derived from the Astley family, who owned land in Braunstone Town from 1334 to 1404.
Several roads in the Thorpe Astley estate are named after famous people from history, including the 18th-century political radical Thomas Paine and American paratroop commander General James M. Gavin. The headquarters of General Gavin's U.S. 82nd Airborne Division was stationed at Braunstone Park during 1944.

## Transport

Thorpe Astley is served by Centrebus service 40 circle line which operates a circular route around outer Leicester.
Vectare run the NovusDirect from the estate of New Lubbesthorpe through Thorpe Astley, into Leicester. Another Vectare bus that runs through Thorpe Astley is the Novus Fosse, which is an orbital route that goes to Fosse Park and Enderby, Leicestershire.
Vectare's Novus Direct stops at Leicester railway station. It has a CrossCountry line going to Birmingham New Street railway station via Nuneaton train station (along with other train stations in Leicester), and East Midlands Railway Midland Mainline trains going towards St Pancras Train Station, Nottingham Train Station, Sheffield Train Station and Cambridge train station
Thorpe Astley is around 5 minutes away from the M69 and M1 Junction 21.

## Culture
### Leisure and Entertainment

Meridian Leisure Park is located about 5 minutes away from Thorpe Astley, containing a bowling alley ran by Hollywood Bowl, a Vue cinema, a children's play area, a David Lloyd fitness business and several restaurants.
Meridian Business Park is located about 5 minutes away, containing multiple businesses, various pubs and hotels, a McDonalds, and a Costa Coffee, as well as a local fire station.
Fosse Park is a 5-minute drive away and accessible by bus.
# Appleton Wire Works

Appleton Wire Works was a paper manufacturing facility in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States. It was the first wire cloth company in the Midwest, founded by William Buchanan, Gustavas E. Buchanan, and Albert Weissenborn in 1895. The plant manufactured machine wire and wire cloths used in paper and pulp mills.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008 for its industrial significance. The company was the largest wire-weaving company in the United States before it was sold in 1968. The building now houses an apartment complex.
# Phúc Trạch, Quảng Bình

Phúc Trạch is a commune (xã) and village in Bố Trạch District, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam.
# Plasmodium japonicum

Plasmodium japonicum is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium.
Like all Plasmodium species P. japonicum has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.

## Description

The parasite was first described by Ishiguro in 1957.
# Truck Drivin' Man

"Truck Drivin' Man" is a popular country song written by Terry Fell and originally recorded by Terry Fell and The Fellers in 1954. One of his band members, Buck Owens, sang harmony with him on the recording.
In 1965, Owens recorded the song himself, omitting the fourth verse - "When I get my call up to glory, They will take me away from this land, I'll head this truck up to Heaven, 'Cause I'm a truck drivin' man."
Others who have recorded the song include Red Steagall, Ricky Nelson, Boxcar Willie, Charley Pride, Bill Anderson, Conway Twitty, Jimmy Martin, Dave Dudley, Red Simpson, Jim & Jesse, Charlie Walker, The Flying Burrito Brothers, George Hamilton IV, Glen Campbell, New Riders of the Purple Sage, Willie Nelson, Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen, Anthony Field, Plainsong, David Allan Coe, Leon Russell, Toby Keith, Aaron Tippin, Robert Walker, the J. Geils Band, and Canadian musicians Stompin' Tom Connors and Dick Nolan. "Truck Drivin' Man" is also covered by Nordre Sving Blandede Mannskor og Orkester as "Trailersjåfør", with Norwegian lyric by Finn Sidselrud. In Finland, the song was covered in 1975 by Kari Tapio as "Rekkakuski", with Finnish lyrics by Erkki Liikanen.
# Karaishak, Mengen

Karaishak is a village in the Mengen District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 76 (2021).
# Khuri Chhoti

Khuri Chhoti is a small village/hamlet in Laxmangarh tehsil in Sikar, district of Rajasthan, India. It comes under Khuri Chhoti Panchayath. It is located 32 km towards North from District headquarters Sikar. 148 km from State capital Jaipur.

## History

Chhoti Khuri was established by Thakur Govind Singh, whose father Thakur Hameer Singh had ascended from the Dantaramgarh region of Sikar. The other son of Thakur Hameer Singh was instrumental in the establishment of Sawalda, a small village nearby. The village has been traditionally divided into five "Paanas".

## Education

There are 10 schools in Khuri Panchayat. There are three Senior Secondary schools are located in village and one of them is Government school. A separate girls school was made in time of the British in 1934 which is run by government. B R Memorial Public School, UPS Nechhwa, Little Public Nechhwa and G.G.U.P.S, Palari are the private owned schools. Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Rishikul Vidyapeeth Group of Institution, Shri B.D. Todi PG & BEd College. Bagaria BEd College, Raghunath BEd College Vinayak College, Trilok Singh College, Goenka College are the other institutes in the vicinity of the village.
# Atwood, Alabama

Atwood is an unincorporated community located in southern Franklin County, Alabama, United States. It is located along Alabama Highway 172 between the towns of Hodges and Vina. Atwood is situated just south of the Bear Creek Reservoir.

## History

Atwood was named after Abner Atwood, a local physician. A post office was established in the town in 1898, but was later closed.
# Rhynencina xanthogaster

Rhynencina xanthogaster is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Rhynencina of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Venezuela.
# Rhododendron lanatum

Rhododendron lanatum (syn. Rhododendron flinckii), the woolly rhododendron, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to the eastern Himalayas and southeastern Tibet. Occasionally found in commerce, it is a rabbit-tolerant evergreen shrub reaching 3–10 ft (1–3 m). Hardy in USDA zones 7 through 9, it is recommended as a hedge in partly shady situations.
Its young shoots and leaves are covered with a white to tawny velvety wool, giving it its scientific and common names. May flowers are typically sulphur-yellow with maroon-spotted throats, and there is a cream-flowered morph.
# Audio-visual speech recognition

Audio visual speech recognition (AVSR) is a technique that uses image processing capabilities in lip reading to aid speech recognition systems in recognizing undeterministic phones or giving preponderance among near probability decisions.
Each system of lip reading and speech recognition works separately, then their results are mixed at the stage of feature fusion. As the name suggests, it has two parts. First one is the audio part and second one is the visual part. In audio part we use features like log mel spectrogram, mfcc etc. from the raw audio samples and we build a model to get feature vector out of it . For visual part generally we use some variant of convolutional neural network to compress the image to a feature vector after that we concatenate these two vectors (audio and visual ) and try to predict the target object.
# Auge, Ardennes

Auge (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

## Geography

Auge is located some 45 km west by north-west of Charleville-Mézières and 22 km east by south-east of Hirson. The western border of the commune is the border between the departments of Ardennes and Aisne. Access to the commune is by the European route E44 (D 8043) from Hirson which passes through the north of the commune and continues east to Maubert-Fontaine. Access to the village is by either the Grande Rue or by the Ruelle de l'Église which both branch south from the E44. Apart from a band of forest on the south-eastern border (The Bois de Moirvaux) and some patches of forest in the south-west the commune is entirely farmland.

### Neighbouring communes and villages

vtePlaces adjacent to Auge, Ardennes :
Any-Martin-Rieux
Fligny
Tarzy
Leuze
Auge
Neuville-lez-Beaulieu
Aubenton
Bossus-lès-Rumigny
Antheny :

## Toponymy

The name of the town was written Ogiae in 1112 in a privilege of Pope Paschal II to the Abbey of Saint-Nicaise in Reims and as Oggeium in a bull of Innocent II for the same monastery at Reims.

## History

This site has been on an ancient road between Mézières and the North since Classical Antiquity. Gallo-Roman foundations, coins, and pieces of pottery have been found.

### Heraldry

| Arms of Auge | Blazon: Party per bend sinister, at 1 Azure, three mullets of Or in orle; at 2 Gules, a cock of Or. |

## Administration

List of Successive Mayors
| From | To | Name |
| 2001 | 2008 | André Triplot |
| 2008 | current | Jean-Yves Chevanne |

## Demography

In 2017 the commune had 60 inhabitants.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 148 | — |
| 1800 | 147 | −0.10% |
| 1806 | 78 | −10.02% |
| 1821 | 145 | +4.22% |
| 1831 | 158 | +0.86% |
| 1836 | 160 | +0.25% |
| 1841 | 177 | +2.04% |
| 1846 | 183 | +0.67% |
| 1851 | 232 | +4.86% |
| 1866 | 189 | −1.36% |
| 1872 | 175 | −1.27% |
| 1876 | 174 | −0.14% |
| 1881 | 174 | +0.00% |
| 1886 | 177 | +0.34% |
| 1891 | 173 | −0.46% |
| 1896 | 169 | −0.47% |
| 1901 | 148 | −2.62% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1906 | 142 | −0.82% |
| 1911 | 121 | −3.15% |
| 1921 | 126 | +0.41% |
| 1926 | 114 | −1.98% |
| 1931 | 105 | −1.63% |
| 1936 | 114 | +1.66% |
| 1946 | 112 | −0.18% |
| 1954 | 95 | −2.04% |
| 1962 | 95 | +0.00% |
| 1968 | 82 | −2.42% |
| 1975 | 72 | −1.84% |
| 1982 | 66 | −1.24% |
| 1990 | 69 | +0.56% |
| 1999 | 69 | +0.00% |
| 2007 | 60 | −1.73% |
| 2012 | 53 | −2.45% |
| 2017 | 60 | +2.51% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE :

## Sites and monuments

The Tombstone of Jacques de Corderand, his wife, and his son (18th century) in the Church of Saint-Gorgery is registered as an historical object.

## Notable people linked to the commune

* Jean-Michel Devresse, a farmer at Auge, relaunched livestock farming of Ardennes Red Turkeys (Dindon rouge des Ardennes) in 1985, so that this species would not disappear.
# Rhythm Black (Maki Ohguro album)

Rhythm Black is the tenth studio album by Japanese J-pop singer and songwriter Maki Ohguro. It was released on 25 June 2003 under EMI Japan.
This album consist of three previously released singles, such as Identity, Katte ni Kimenaide yo and Natsu ga Kuru Soshite. Natsu ga Kuru Soshite coupling song Fowin' has received special album mix under title Maki's Scat Mix.
In this album Maki becomes self-producer for the first time since her major debut in 1992. The album is released for the first time in Copy Control CD format.
The album reached No. 20 in its first week on the Oricon chart. The album sold 39,000 copies. This is her last album which reached into Top 20 Oricon weekly charts.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Maki Ohguro; all music is composed by Maki Ohguro

## In media

* Natsu ga Kuru Soshite: ending theme for Nihon TV program Sports Uru Sugu
* Identity: image song for Tokyo Broadcasting System Television soccer program