OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# White-eyed gull

The white-eyed gull (Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus) is a small gull that is endemic to the Red Sea. Its closest relative is the sooty gull. The species is classed as Least Concern by the IUCN; human pressure and oil pollution are deemed the major threats. As is the case with many gulls, it has traditionally been placed in the genus Larus.

## Morphology

Adult white-eyed gulls have a black hood in breeding plumage, which extends down onto the upper throat, and on the neck-sides is bordered below by a narrow white bar. The upperparts and inner upperwings are medium-dark grey; the breast is mid-grey but the rest of the underparts are white. The secondaries are black with a white trailing edge, and the primaries are black. The underwing is dark and the tail white. Adults in non-breeding plumage are similar, but the hood is flecked white small white spots.
The white-eyed gull acquires adult plumage at two to three years of age. Juvenile birds have a very different plumage—chocolate brown on the head, neck and breast, and with brown, broadly pale-fringed, feathers to the upperparts and upperwings, and a black tail. In their first winter, birds acquire greyer feathering on their head, breast and upperparts; the second-winter plumage is closer to that of the adult, but lacking the hood.
A distinctive feature of white-eyed gull at all ages is its long slender bill. This is black in younger birds, but in adults it is deep red with a black tip. The legs are yellow—dullest in younger birds, brightest in breeding plumaged adults. The eye itself is not white; the bird takes its name from white eye-crescents, which are present at all ages.

## Distribution

The white-eyed gull breeds on inshore islands with rocks and sandy beaches, such as the Siyal Islands, in the Red Sea from July to September. For the rest of the year it occurs throughout the Red Sea, with some birds travelling to Oman and Somalia.
# Wiesemscheid

Wiesemscheid is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
# Whitehaven Coal

Whitehaven Coal is an Australian coal mining company.

## History

Whitehaven Coal was established in February 1999. In September 2000, mining operations commenced at the Canyon open cut mine near Gunnedah. Further mines were established at Werris Creek in September 2005 and Tarrawonga in June 2006 before the company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange in June 2007.
In June 2011, Whitehaven was granted approval to operate trains in its own right by the Australian Rail Track Corporation to the Port of Newcastle via the Main Northern railway line. In 2012, Nathan Tinkler made an unsuccessful attempt to take over the company. In 2015, the Maules Creek coal mine opened. The project was controversial and opposed by a coalition for traditional owners, farmers and environmentalists.
In October 2023, Whitehaven entered an agreement with BHP Mitsubishi Alliance to acquire the Blackwater and Daunia coal mines in Queensland. The acquisition was completed in April 2024. In August 2024, Whitehaven announced it would sell a 20% and 10% stake in the Blackwater mine to Nippon Steel and JFE Steel, respectively.

## Assets
### Current

* Werris Creek mine, opened 2005, 100% shareholding
* Tarrawaonga coal mine, opened 2006, 100% shareholding
* Sunnyside coal mine, opened 2008, closed 2012, reopened 2017, 100% ownership
* Narrabri coal mine, opened 2012, 78% shareholding
* Maules Creek coal mine, opened 2015, 75% shareholding
* Daunia coal mine
* Blackwater coal mine

### Former

* Canyon coal mine, opened 2000, closed 2009, 100% ownership
* Rocglen coal mine, opened 2008, closed 2019, 100% ownership
# Wild Beauty

Wild Beauty is a 1946 American action film directed by Wallace Fox and written by Adele Buffington. The film stars Don Porter, Lois Collier, Jacqueline deWit, Robert Wilcox, George Cleveland, Dick Curtis and Robert 'Buzz' Henry. The film was released on August 9, 1946, by Universal Pictures.

## Plot

A pretty school teacher (Lois Collier)---make that a very pretty school teacher---, a doctor (Don Porter) who disapproves of the white man's attitude toward Indians, and a young Indian boy (Buzz Henry) do what they can in the modern west to keep Robert Wilcox and his henchies (the usual Universal suspects headed by Dick Curtis) from capturing and killing a wild horse herd so Wilcox can sell the hides. It all looks bigger than it is because director Wallace Fox makes liberal use via stock footage of the massive wild horse herds from Universal's 1936.

## Cast

* Don Porter as Dr. Dave Morrow
* Lois Collier as Linda Gibson
* Jacqueline deWit as Cissy Cruthers
* Robert Wilcox as Gordon Madison
* George Cleveland as Barney Skeets
* Dick Curtis as John Andrews
* Robert 'Buzz' Henry as Johnny
* Wild Beauty the Horse as Wild Beauty
# Wild cow milking

Wild cow milking is a rodeo event seen at mainstream and ranch rodeos. A team-based competition, the goal is to catch and milk a "wild" cow (a semi-feral animal that is not used to being milked by people, usually of a beef cattle breed) in as short a time as possible. The competition dates back at least to the early 20th century, with competitions at the Cheyenne Frontier Days rodeo photographed as far back as 1924.

## Rules

Though the specifics can vary depending on the rodeo, the general rules for wild cow milking are:
* Each team commonly consists of two, three, or more individuals. Ranch rodeo teams usually have four members.
* Competitions may include cowboys on horses. If so, one or two team members are on horseback; the others are on foot. Other events have all team members afoot.
* One individual (occasionally two), called the "mugger," is tasked with holding the animal's head. Another, the "milker," generally the fastest person on the team, attempts to milk the cow. Some teams have an "anchor man," whose primary duty is to hold onto the rope that restrains the cow.
* Some competitions place the cows in the bucking chutes and all teams compete at once. Each cow is already wearing a halter with a long lead rope, or a lasso around its neck. A team member, usually the anchor man, is given the rope of their cow prior to the opening of the chutes.
* Other competitions require the contestants to rope their cow.
* Ranch rodeo competitions generally have only one or two teams compete at a time, and the timer starts when the cow crosses the steer roping line. Team members cannot cross the start line before the cow does without incurring a time penalty. A cowboy on horseback will try to rope the cow. If they miss once, the roper can try again; but there is a two-loop limit for roping attempts.
* Once the cow is roped, the team members on foot will try to hold the cow still so it can be milked. The rope must be taken off the saddle horn before milking starts. Usually, the roper must also dismount, and is often the person who starts milking the cow.
* The cow is milked into a bottle; usually an empty soda bottle.
* One of the team members runs (on foot) with the bottle to the judge. The timer stops when they cross the line to reach the judge.
* The judge will verify that the task has been completed by pouring the milk out of the bottle. If no milk comes out of the bottle, the team is disqualified.
* There is a time limit, usually of two minutes; if the task is not completed within the time limit, the team is disqualified.
* The fastest time wins.
The sport is known for being unpredictable, and for being both entertaining (to the spectators) and dangerous (for the participants), with participants often getting trampled by the cow or tripped up by the rope.
# Whitney, Alabama

Whitney is an unincorporated community in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States.

## History

Whitney was named for Charles Whitney, a member of the Alabama Legislature following the Civil War. A post office was established under the name Whitney in 1875 and was in operation until 1967.
# Wicker, Texas

Wicker is a ghost town in Brazos County, in the U.S. state of Texas. It is located within the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area.

## History

The area in what is now known as Wicker today may have been settled in the early 1900s as a railroad station on the International-Great Northern Railroad. It also had a church in the 1930s, but no population estimates were recorded.

## Geography

Wicker was located west of Farm to Market Road 2154, 10 mi (16 km) southeast of Bryan in southern Brazos County.

## Education

Today, Wicker is located within the College Station Independent School District.
# Wilfried Maaß

Wilfried Maaß (22 September 1931–23 December 2005) was a German politician. He was the secretary of Science, Education, and Culture in the Frankfurt/Oder district leadership of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany 1962–1966. In 1966, he became deputy minister of culture of the German Democratic Republic. Between 1968 and 1972, he was a member of the presidium council of Kulturbund. In 1984 he left his ministerial position to become its secretary.
# Wild Horse Casino (Jicarilla Apache Nation)

The Wild Horse Casino is located in the town of Dulce, New Mexico, at the junction of Highway 64 and Hawks Drive. The casino is operated by the Apache Nugget Corporation (ANC) which oversees all gaming activity for the Jicarilla Apache Nation. ANC is a for-profit Federally Chartered Section 17 Corporation owned by the Jicarilla Apache Nation. It is located in Dulce, New Mexico, the headquarters for the Nation. ANC has been in existence since 2003.

## History

The Wild Horse Casino re-opened on February 5, 2007, after a complete renovation and expansion.
The casino remains one of the main economic drivers of the area, which closes at night. It closed in March 2020 for a time in response to coronavirus.

## Features and facilities

The Wild Horse Casino has approximately 184 slot machines, 1 Roulette Table, 2 Blackjack Tables, and a Poker Room. In addition, it offers a restaurant, gift/smoke shop, and a player's club.
It has a 41-room hotel.
# Willem Poolman

Willem Poolman (born 8 October 1778 – 14 June 1823) was a Dutch military officer and colonial administrator on the Gold Coast.

## Biography

Willem Poolman was born in Amsterdam to Willem Poolman senior and Catharina Groen. He became a military officer and was eventually installed Commander of the Dutch Gold Coast on 31 December 1821. Poolman arrived in Elmina on 28 May 1822 and was installed on 6 June. Willem Poolman died in office on 14 June 1823.

## Personal life

Willem Poolman married Elsje Harmsen in 1803. Their son Willem Poolman junior (1809–1873) was a member of parliament and founder of the Netherlands East Indies Railway Company.
# Willem Pretorius Game Reserve

Willem Pretorius Game Reserve is the largest game reserve in the Lejweleputswa District Municipality of South Africa, encircling the Allemanskraal Dam. The Sand River flows from east to west through the reserve. It was opened to the public in 1961 and covers 12,000 hectares (30,000 acres).

## Climate

The reserve receives an annual rainfall of 560 mm on average, mostly falling from December to February during heavy thunderstorms. Frost occurs on 40 nights per year, the average temperature in the winter is 15° C and in the summer the mercury exceeds 30° C often.

### Mammals in the reserve

* Eland
* White rhinoceros
* Giraffe
* Springbok
* Burchell's Zebra
* Black wildebeest.
# Wildebeest Pistol

The Wildebeest pistol is the only semi-automatic pistol combining a low bore axis with a magnum cartridge. The Wildebeest operates using a patented system (US Patent 11,402,165) that reduces felt recoil by having the barrel axis below the top of the magazine and where the barrel tilts upwards for loading and extraction.
In the Wildebeest pistol, the breech face is not part of the slide unlike typical semi-automatic pistols. In the Wildebeest, the slide that is manipulated to load a round is best described as a “feed slide”. This feed slide does not have to hold the cartridge case in the chamber nor need to withstand combustion forces.
The barrel is carried in a separate cradle below the feed slide: somewhat like a traditional slide, but inverted. This cradle has the breech face and locking lugs. However, the barrel never separates from the cradle: it pivots at the muzzle end and is rotated upwards after firing to expose the chamber - somewhat like a break action shotgun.
An animation of the operation of the Wildebeest pistol shows its unique features.
# William Banks (cricketer)

William John Banks (25 April 1822 – 17 January 1901) was a Welsh-born English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket for Kent County Cricket Club and the amateur Gentlemen of Kent teams in the 1840s. He was born at Swansea and died at Oxney Court near Dover in Kent.
As a cricketer played 10 first-class matches between 1843 and 1848. His highest innings was a score of 38 when he opened the batting with his brother, Edward, for the Gentlemen of Kent against the Gentlemen of England at Lord's in 1845. His Wisden obituary quoted from Scores and Biographies which described him as "a hard hitter and an active field".
Banks was the grandson of Sir Edward Banks who built the 19th century London Bridge.
# William Augustus Ford

William Augustus Ford (c. 1818 – 11 April 1873) was an English first-class cricketer.
The son of George Samuel Ford, he made his debut in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Oxford University at Oxford in 1839. He played first-class cricket intermittently for the MCC between 1839 and 1849, making a total of five appearances. In addition to playing first-class cricket for the MCC, he also appeared in one first-class match for the Gentlemen of Sussex against the MCC in 1839. Across his six first-class appearances, Ford scored 57 runs with a high score of 28 not out, while with the ball he took 3 wickets. Ford had seven sons with his wife, Katherine Mary Justice. Three of his sons were cricketers; Francis, played Test cricket for England, while two other sons, William and Augustus, played first-class cricket. Another son, Lionel served as the Dean of York. Another son was Henry, an illustrator. His brother, George, was a first-class cricketer, as was his grandson, Neville Ford. His great-great-grandson is the adventurer, writer, and television presenter Bear Grylls. He died at Kensington in April 1873.
# William Cavendish, Earl of Burlington

William Cavendish, Earl of Burlington (born 6 June 1969), professionally also known by the name Bill Burlington, is a British aristocrat and photographer. A member of the Cavendish family, he is the only son and heir of the 12th Duke of Devonshire.

## Biography

William Cavendish was born at St George's Hospital in South London, the eldest child and only son of Peregrine Cavendish, and his wife, Amanda (née Heywood-Lonsdale), at the time the Marquess and Marchioness of Hartington. He was styled Earl of Burlington from birth.
Lord Burlington was educated at Eton College and the University of Cambridge. He subsequently studied photography under Jorge Lewinski.
His father succeeded as the Dukedom of Devonshire in 2004. Lord Burlington has not assumed the title Marquess of Hartington as all previous heirs apparent to the dukedom have done.
In 2007, he married former model, fashion editor, and stylist Laura Roundell (former wife of the Hon Orlando Montagu, younger son of the 11th Earl of Sandwich) in a private ceremony. They have three children, a son and two daughters:
* Lady Maud Cavendish (born in March 2009)
* James Cavendish, Lord Cavendish (born 12 December 2010); second in line of succession to the Dukedom of Devonshire
* Lady Elinor Cavendish (born 2013)
He is the owner of Pratt's Club.
Lord Burlington was picked as the High Sheriff of Derbyshire for the year 2019–2020.

### Chancellor of the University of Derby

Lord Burlington was installed as the fourth Chancellor of the University of Derby in a ceremony held in the Devonshire Dome (the University's Campus in Buxton) on 15 March 2018. He was nominated for this role after the previous Chancellor, Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire, Lord Burlington's father, stood down in 2018 after ten years in the role.
At the announcement of the news the previous year, Lord Burlington stated that he intended to "take the position with an open mind, not with preconceived ideas," and that he was "excited about being part of a university which offers opportunities for students from all backgrounds to reach their potential, succeed in life and contribute to society."

## Art gallery

Within a wing of Lismore Castle, the Irish seat of the Dukes of Devonshire, Lord Burlington has established the notable contemporary arts gallery, Lismore Castle Arts.

## Books with photographs by Bill Burlington

* Mews Style, Quiller Press Limited (1998), ISBN 1-899163-39-5
* Travels through an Unwrecked Landscape, Pavilion Books (1996), ISBN 1-85793-681-7
# William Cox (governor)

William John Ellis Cox, AC, RFD, ED, KC (born 1 April 1936) was Governor of Tasmania from 15 December 2004 to 2 April 2008, prior to which he was the state's Chief Justice and Lieutenant Governor.

## Early life

Born in Hobart to William Ellis Cox (d. 1970) and Alice Mary Mulcahy Cox (d. 1983), William John Ellis Cox was educated at St. Virgil's College, Hobart, Xavier College, Melbourne and the University of Tasmania. He graduated from the University of Tasmania with a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Laws in 1960 and was admitted to the Bar in the Supreme Court of Tasmania in March 1960. He was appointed a magistrate in 1976, and became a Queen's Counsel in 1978, during his term as the State's Crown Advocate (equivalent to Director of Public Prosecutions).

## Career

Cox was appointed to the Supreme Court of Tasmania in 1982, and was the state's Chief Justice from 1995 until 2004. He was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania in 1996. In 1999, Cox was made a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC). He already held the Reserve Force Decoration (RFD) and the Army's Efficiency Decoration (ED) for service in the Royal Tasmania Regiment, which included a brief deployment to Vietnam.
Cox's most high profile court case was that of Martin Bryant, who shot dead 35 people at Port Arthur on 28 April 1996 and was brought before Cox for his trial six months later. Bryant admitted all 35 murders on 8 November and Cox sentenced him to life imprisonment fourteen days later, recommending that Bryant should stay in prison until he dies.

## Governor of Tasmania

In August 2004, Cox was appointed to administer the Government of Tasmania upon the resignation of Richard Butler and, in November the Premier, Paul Lennon, announced that he had advised the Queen to appoint Cox as Governor of Tasmania. Cox is only the second Tasmanian-born governor in the state's history. The first was Sir Guy Green.
During his term, Cox was the Honorary Colonel of the Royal Tasmania Regiment and Honorary Air Commodore of the RAAF No. 29 (City of Hobart) Squadron.
Cox was succeeded as Governor on 2 April 2008 by Peter Underwood, Chief Justice of Tasmania.
In November 2015, Cox was appointed to conduct the first five yearly review into the Tasmanian Integrity Commission.

## Family

Cox and his wife Jocelyn have three children.
# William Bowring

William Bowring may refer to:
* Sir William Bowring, 1st Baronet (1837–1916), British shipowner and benefactor
* William Bowring (cricketer) (1874–1945), West Indian cricketer, nephew of Sir William Bowring
# William Bowra

William Bowra (1752 – 7 May 1820) was an English cricketer who played in 50 first-class matches between 1775 and 1792.
Bowra, whose name was pronounced "Borra", was christened at Sevenoaks in Kent on 1 May 1752. He was one of a number of cricketers employed by John Frederick Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset at his Knole House estate near Sevenoaks, in Bowra's case as a gamekeeper. John Nyren, in his The Cricketers of My Time, recounts that the Duke would sit on the railing round the Sevenoaks Vine ground, often exclaiming "Bravo, my little Bowra".
Although he is known to have played for a team organised by Dorset as early as 1769, Bowra made his first-class debut in a 1775 match between a Kent XI and a Hampshire side at Broadhalfpenny Down, the ground used by the Hambledon Club. In a Hampshire Chronicle report of the game, his name is spelt "Bower". He went on to make 50 appearances in matches which have been given first-class status, 19 of which were for Kent sides and 15 for England teams. He played for West Kent twice, for a combined Hampshire and Kent side once and three times for teams put together by Dorset in first-class matches against teams organised by Sir Horatio Mann, another Kent cricket patron. He played twice for Surrey sides against Hampshire in 1776 as a given man and twice for Hampshire against England sides in 1779 in the same role. After making his final appearance for Kent in 1788, he played in five more first-class matches in 1791 and 1792 for Brighton Cricket Club. His highest first-class score of 60 not out was made in one of these matches against MCC at Lord's Old Ground. He scored 1,138 runs and took at least four wickets in first-class matches.
He returned to Knole in 1807, again as gamekeeper, and it is believed he stayed there until his death in 1820.
# William Craik

William Craik may refer to:
* William Craik (politician) (1761–1814), U.S. Representative from Maryland
* William Craik (educationalist) (1881–?), educationalist, promoter and practitioner of independent working class education
# William Hamilton (lumber baron)

William Hamilton (died 1822 in Upper Canada) was a lumber merchant and political figure in Upper Canada.
He was born in Ireland and came to Quebec City with his brother George sometime before 1807. They were originally in the business of importing goods but later became involved in the timber trade. In 1811, they took over the operation of a sawmill near the current location of Hawkesbury when the original owners were unable to repay funds paid in advance for lumber. William moved to Hawkesbury to take charge of the operation. He served as a captain in the local militia during the War of 1812. He was named justice of the peace in the Eastern District in 1812 and in the Ottawa District in 1816. In 1816, he retired from the lumber business.
He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada in 1820, but was unseated in the following year when it became evident that the electoral officer, an associate of his brother, had tampered with the results.
# William Irons

William Irons may refer to:
* William Josiah Irons (1812–1883), Church of England priest and theological writer
* Bill Irons, American anthropologist
# William Gray (cricketer)

William Gray (26 November 1864 — 18 December 1898) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Essex. Gray was born and died in Chelmsford.
Gray made just one first-class appearance for the team, during the 1894 season, against Yorkshire. Playing as an opening batsman, he scored just four runs in two innings.
Gray died at the age of 34.
# William E. Kapelle

William E. Kapelle (born in Baldwin City, Kansas) is a medieval historian at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts. He received his B.A at the University of Kansas in 1965, and his M.A. in 1970. Kapelle received his doctorate at the University of Massachusetts - Amherst, and has taught at Brandeis University for more than twenty years.
He is noted for the argument, among others, that the North of England was not really brought under Norman control until the reign of Henry I.

## Major publications

* The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and Its Transformation, 1000-1135 (University of North Carolina Press, 1980), ISBN 0-8078-1371-0.
* The Purpose of Domesday Book: a Quandary
* Domesday Book: F. W. Maitland and His Successors (1989)
* Fraser Coles Fan Book (1993)