OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Royal Geological Society of Ireland

The Royal Geological Society of Ireland traces its origin to the founding in 1831 in Dublin of the Geological Society of Dublin, under the leadership of William Buckland and Adam Sedgwick. Its initial membership included academics, aristocratics, professionals and clerics.
The society developed under the direction of individuals such as Joseph Ellison Portlock, who was taking part in the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, and the geologist and surveyor Richard Griffith, who published the first geological map of Ireland in 1855. Fundamental concepts in geology were discussed for the first time. The geologist Robert Mallet had life membership and was President of the society from 1846 to 1848.
Other individuals associated with the society were Patrick Ganly and Joseph Beete Jukes. Ganly worked for a number of years with Richard Griffith on the valuation of Ireland and discovered cross stratification. Jukes lectured in Dublin as professor of geology for many years, first at the Royal Dublin Society's Museum of Irish Industry, and afterwards at the Dublin Royal College of Science. During this period he wrote an article On the Mode of Formation of some of the River-valleys in the South of Ireland (Quarterly Journ. Geol. Soc. 1862). The Dublin clergyman Maxwell Henry Close read a paper before the society in 1866, on the General Glaciation of Ireland, a masterly description of the effects of glaciation, and of the evidence in favor of the action of land-ice. He became president of the society in 1878.
The society gained royal patronage and a change in title in 1864.
The Society did not admit women members. Throughout the latter decades of the century, for several reasons, membership slowly declined and the society was wound up in 1894.
# Laurie Babin

Laurie Babin is a Canadian actress from Quebec. She is most noted for her performance in the film Red Rooms (Les Chambres rouges), for which she won the Prix Iris for Best Supporting Actress at the 25th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2023.
Her other roles have included the films The Passion of Augustine (La Passion d'Augustine), The Little Girl Who Was Too Fond of Matches (La petite fille qui aimait trop les allumettes) and Before We Explode (Avant qu'on explose), and the television series The Night Logan Woke Up (La nuit où Laurier Gaudreault s'est réveillé).
# Lavergne, Lot-et-Garonne

Lavergne is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in south-western France.
# Laverick

Laverick is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bill Laverick, English footballer
* Bobby Laverick (born 1938), English footballer
* Elise Laverick (born 1975), British rower
* Elizabeth Laverick (1925-2010), British engineer
* June Laverick (born 1931), English actress
* Mick Laverick (born 1954), English footballer
# Latin American Fisheries Fellowship

The Latin American Fisheries Fellowship (LAFF) program is a fellowship at the University of California, Santa Barbara's Bren School of Environmental Science & Management for early-career and aspiring marine environmental professionals dedicated marine resource management in Latin America. Fellows earn a Master of Environmental Science and Management, specializing in Coastal Marine Resources Management. The program accepts between three and five fellows each year.

## Origin

The Latin American Fisheries Fellowship program accepted its first fellows in the fall of 2011. The program continues to be supported by its original funder, the Walton Foundation.

## Mission

The program's mission is to train a new generation of interdisciplinary marine resource managers and conservation professionals, and to accelerate their impact towards solving environmental challenges throughout Latin America. The broader goal of the program is to build a high-impact network anchored with innovative environmental leaders that champions ocean management across Latin America that achieves healthy ecosystems, abundant fisheries, and thriving coastal communities.

## Program

The program provides fellows with up to full fellowship support to earn a Master of Environmental Science and Management (MESM) degree with a concentration in Coastal Marine Resources Management from the University of California, Santa Barbara's Bren School of Environmental Science & Management. The two-year MESM program includes an interdisciplinary, solution-oriented curriculum that includes coursework in science, economics, policy, and law. Students earning the MESM degree must complete a Master's Project, which can be either a Group Project or Eco-Entrepreneurship (Eco-E) Project. Both serve as the master's thesis.
The LAFF program augments the Bren School's interdisciplinary coursework with specialized programming in innovative approaches to sustainable fisheries management and marine conservation through short-courses, seminars, workshops, specialized Master's Projects, and directed research opportunities. Fellows receive career-oriented training, including preparation in collaborative problem solving and development of leadership and project management skills.

## Selection

Candidates for the program have a strong academic record and typically have experience and interest in the areas of marine conservation, fisheries sustainability, and/or marine resource management. They must also demonstrate a commitment to pursuing impactful careers in Latin American countries.
Between three and five fellows are selected for the program each year. Fellows have been from a range of countries including Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Brazil, and the United States.
# Latin American Diet Pyramid

The Latin American Diet Pyramid is a nutrition guide that was developed by Oldways and scientific advisers from the Harvard School of Public Health, the Baylor College of Medicine, and the Latin American Summit Scientific Committee in 2005. It is a tradition-based diet that suggests the types and frequency of foods that should be enjoyed every day.
This pyramid is based on two distinct historical periods of the culinary evolution of the peoples of Latin America.
The first period describes the dietary traditions of regions inhabited primarily by three high cultures of aboriginal Latin Americans: the Aztec, the Inca, and the Maya. The second period describes the dietary traditions that emerged following the arrival of Columbus, at about 1500, to the present time. The dietary patterns followed today by the people of Latin America find their roots in both of these historical culinary patterns.
The selection of these peoples and of these time periods as a basis for the design follows from these considerations:
* A consistency with patterns of other healthy population groups of the world;
* Availability of data describing the character of food consumption patterns of the areas at that time; and
* The convergence of the dietary patterns revealed by these data and our current understanding of optimal nutrition based on world-wide epidemiological studies and clinical trials.
Variations of these diets have traditionally existed in other parts of Central America, South America, the Caribbean, and the southern edge United States. For the purposes of this research, the aforementioned regions are considered as part of Latin America. They are closely related to traditional areas of maize, potato, peanut, and dry bean cultivation in the Latin American region.
Given these carefully defined parameters of geography and time, the phrase traditional Latin American diet is used here as a shorthand for those traditional diets of these regions and peoples during two specific time periods that are historically associated with good health.
The design of the Latin American Diet Pyramid is not based solely on either the weight or the percentage of energy (calories) that foods account for in the diet, but on a blend of these that is meant to give relative proportions and a general sense of frequency of servings, as well as an indication of which foods to favour in a healthy Latin American-style diet.

## Resources

* National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. National diabetes statistics. NIH publication 02–3892. 2002. Fact sheet. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/diabetes/pubs/dmstats/dmstats.htm. Accessed April 4, 2002. Archived May 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
* Latino Nutrition Coalition
* Latin American Diet Summit Consensus Statement
# Lawrence Bruce Robertson

Lawrence Bruce Robertson was a Canadian surgeon who developed methods for and promoted the use of blood transfusions in battlefield surgery during World War I.

## Early life and education

Robertson studied medicine at the University of Toronto, graduating in 1909. He interned at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto.

## Career

Robertson engaged in post-graduate training in Boston and New York, where he studied methods of blood transfusion at Bellevue Hospital, during a time when the process was not widely accepted for use in surgery. He returned to Canada in 1913, and worked at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, where he introduced the processes he had learned to other physicians. With the advent of war, Robertson enlisted in the armed forces in 1914.
In October 1915, Robertson used the syringe method of transfusion which he had learned in New York to perform a transfusion, providing blood to a patient suffering from shrapnel wounds. After four more successful transfusions over several months, he reported his results to Sir Walter Morley Fletcher, director of the Medical Research Committee. In 1916 he wrote an article for the British Medical Journal detailing his results, titled "The Transfusion of Whole Blood: A Suggestion for More Frequent Employment in War Surgery". This, along with improvements in the process developed by British physician Edward William Archibald, persuaded the British authorities to accept the practice of blood transfusion. In 1917 Robertson set up blood transfusion apparatus at Nomber 2 Casualty Clearing Station in France.
Following the war, Robertson returned to Toronto. In 1920, he was an orthopedic surgeon at Davisville Military Hospital.
Robertson died of pneumonia in 1923 at the age of 38.

## Personal

Robertson was married to Enid Gordon (née Finley) Graham, a massage/physical therapist. The couple had two children.
# Rudder pedal

A rudder pedal is a foot-operated aircraft flight control interface for controlling the rudder of an aircraft. The usual set-up in modern aircraft is that each pilot has a pedal set consisting of a pair of pedals, with one pedal for each foot. Each right and left pedal works together so that one pedal pops out when the other is depressed, and convention is that the rudder rotates in the same direction as the arm connecting the two rudder pedals. For example, if a pilot presses the left rudder pedal forward, rotating the arm clockwise, the rudder will also rotate clockwise, deflecting airflow at the tail to the left and yawing the plane to the left. Similarly, if the pilot presses the right rudder pedal forward, the plane will yaw to the right (cf. "tiller orders").
In aircraft with duplicate control systems (such as trainer aircraft, transport aircraft and airliners), for example with fly-by-wire, the pedal sets of both pilots are linked together so that the other pilot can seamlessly take over. On most modern aircraft, the wheel brakes are activated by pressing down on the top of the rudder pedals, such brakes are therefore called toe brakes. In order for pilots of different heights to have an ergonomic sitting position, the position of some pedal sets can be adjusted.
# Rudder Cut Cay Airport

Rudder Cut Cay Airport is a public use airport located near Rudder Cut Cay, the Bahamas.
# Rufous-sided crake

The rufous-sided crake (Laterallus melanophaius) is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is found in every mainland South American country except Chile.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The rufous-sided crake has two subspecies, the nominate L. m. melanophaius and L. m. oenops. What is now the white-throated crake (L. albigularis) was for a time treated as a third subspecies.

## Description

The rufous-sided crake is 14 to 18 cm (5.5 to 7.1 in) long and weighs about 50 to 60 g (1.8 to 2.1 oz). The sexes are alike. Both subspecies' bills have a gray maxilla with a pea green cutting edge and a pale pea green mandible with a white tip. Their legs and feet are light gray brown to olive brown. The nominate subspecies has dark olive brown upperparts with a gray tinge around the eye. The face and sides of the breast are rufous to cinnamon rufous. The throat and center of the breast are white, the flanks and belly barred white and blackish brown, and the undertail coverts are dark cinnamon rufous. Subspecies L. m. oenops is similar to the nominate, but has paler upperparts and is rufous on the forecrown and around the eye.

## Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of rufous-sided crake has much the larger range of the two. It is found from coastal Venezuela east through the Guianas and separately from central and eastern Brazil south through eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay into northern Argentina. Subspecies L. m. oenops is found from southern Colombia south through eastern Ecuador into eastern Peru and east into western Brazil. The species primarily inhabits freshwater marshes and similar landscapes such as flooded pastures and the edges of ponds and oxbow lakes .

## Behavior
### Movement

The rufous-sided crake is not known to migrate.

### Feeding

The rufous-sided crake usually forages in dense grassy vegetation but also in the open close to cover. It forages in mud and vegetation for its primary diet of small arthropods; seeds and leaves are also eaten.

### Breeding

Only fragments are known about the rufous-sided crake's breeding biology. Its nesting season(s) are not known for most of its range but include September and October in Argentina. Its nest is a globe of leaves lined with leaf shreds, dry grass, and feathers. It is placed on or just above the ground and has a side entrance. The incubation period is about 20 days.
* Songs and calls
* Listen to rufous-sided crake on xeno-canto

### Vocalization

The rufous-sided crake's song is "a rubbery musical trill" much like those of other Laterallus crakes. Its calls include ""high-pitched tinkling calls[,] [a] short treeeeeng[, and] a harsh, descending djreer."

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the rufous-sided crake as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range but its population size and trend are not known. No immediate threats have been identified. It is thought uncommon to locally common in Ecuador and fairly common in Peru. "Human activity has little short-term direct effect on Rufous-sided Crake, other than the local effects of habitat destruction."
# Lauren Hunkin

Lauren Hunkin (born August 29, 1979) is a Canadian show jumper.

## Career

Lauren spent several years training full-time with Canada's Olympic Silver medalist, Ian Millar. Lauren completed her first full year of Grand Prix competitions in 2006, earning four top 5 placings and finishing second in the Eastern Conference of the national Grand Prix series, The Kubota Cup. In 2008, Lauren had back to back wins on the Grand Prix circuit. In June 2008, Lauren was named Cavalor's "Athlete of the Month" by Equine Canada. In May 2010, Lauren was again named "Athlete of the Month" by Equine Canada. 2010 wins include Grand Prixs in St. Lazare, Blainville, and the $90,000 Summer Festival in Palgrave. She represented Canada at the 2010 Nations Cup of Argentina, winning a silver medal.
Since September 2009, she has coached the University of Ottawa Equestrian team. Since her involvement, the team has grown from 12 members to more than 40 riders and two show teams. The team competes in the Intercollegiate Horse Show Association (IHSA), and the Ontario University Equestrian Association (OUEA) leagues.
Her horse is a German-bred gelding named Larry

## Personal life

She currently lives in Ottawa, Ontario.
# Lazare Isidor

Lazare Isidor (French pronunciation:; 1806–1888) was a French rabbi who served as chief rabbi of the Israelite Central Consistory of France during the latter half of the nineteenth century.

## Early career

Isidor served as chief rabbi of Paris from 1847 until 1867.
During this period, he was a supporter of Jewish emancipation and the integration of his people into French society: he stated that "'we have shown that we were worthy of liberty, worthy of the title of citizen, and that it was possible to be at once a Jew and a Frenchman'".

## Chief Rabbi of France

Isidor was elected chief rabbi of France in 1867 and remained in the position until his death.$^{:400}$ Isidor was succeeded by Zadoc Kahn, who had become chief rabbi of Paris following his election to the higher post.
Following the 1871 annexation of Alsace-Lorraine after the Franco-Prussian War, France lost around forty separate rabbinates in the area, resulting in a large number of unemployed rabbis throughout the country. Isidor secured permission for the foundation of rabbinates across France to replace these missing communities: the new positions were combined with that of the hazzan due to how "unimportant" the towns were seen as being. However, most of these new rabbinates eventually decided to split the role of rabbi and hazzan again.$^{:403–4}$
Isidore was responsible for adapting the prayer in the memory of the dead which occurred at the start of Mincha on Yom Kippur. His traditional prayer was adopted by rabbis across France and "acquired exceptional importance".$^{:418–9}$ Another widely used prayer of his was composed for funeral services.$^{:420}$ Many of the prayers edited by Isidor were translated into French and departed from the original Hebrew texts.$^{:423}$
In 1882, he gave permission for Henry Joseph, an English businessman, to become chief rabbi of Argentina.

## Other work

In 1875, Isidor became president of Léon de Rosny's Société d'ethnographie (Ethnographic Society).
# Rubina Kuraoka

Rubina Kuraoka (born 17 October 1987 in Berlin) is a German voice actress.

## Dubbing roles (excerpt)

* My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (Rarity)
* Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (Anzu Mazaki)
* Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! (Wubbzy)
* Ruby Gloom (Ruby)
* iCarly (Carly Shay)
* The Promised Neverland (Ray)
* Made in Abyss (Nat)

## Audiobooks (excerpt)

* 2016: Finding Dory (German audiobook title: Findet Dorie), Publisher: der Hörverlag - ISBN 978-3-8445-2379-9
* 2018: Karen Cleveland: Wahrheit gegen Wahrheit, Publisher: der Hörverlag, ISBN 978-3-8445-2988-3
* 2021: Claire Douglas: Beste Freundin - Niemand lügt so gut wie du (among others with Lisa Bitter and Beate Himmelstoß), publisher: Der Hörverlag, ISBN 978-3-8445-4141-0
# Rubina Nazir

Rubina Nazir is a Pakistani politician who has been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since 2024.

## Political career

In the 2024 Pakistani general election, she secured a seat in the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab through a reserved quota for women as a candidate of Pakistan People's Party (PPP).
On 13 May 2024, the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) suspended her membership as a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab. This action followed a Supreme Court of Pakistan decision to suspend the verdict of the Peshawar High Court, which had denied the allocation of a reserved seat to the PTI-Sunni Ittehad Council bloc.
# Rozanne Pollack

Rozanne Marel Pollack (born April 29, 1948) is an American bridge player from Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Dr. Pollack is a graduate of Radcliffe College and Columbia University.

## Bridge accomplishments
### Wins

* North American Bridge Championships (12)
** Smith Life Master Women's Pairs (1) 2011
** Machlin Women's Swiss Teams (1) 1986
** Wagar Women's Knockout Teams (3) 1990, 1993, 1999
** Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams (3) 1988, 1997, 2001
** Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match (4) 1985, 2004, 2005, 2006

### Runners-up

* North American Bridge Championships
** Rockwell Mixed Pairs (1) 2004
** North American Pairs (1) 2012
** Smith Life Master Women's Pairs (1) 2013
** Wagar Women's Knockout Teams (2) 1985, 2009
** Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams (3) 1986, 1987, 2006
** Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match (1) 1991
# Le Chasseur

Chasseur is a French brand of colorful enameled cast iron cookware and trivets. It is manufactured by the Invicta S.A. foundry based in Donchery in the Champagne-Ardenne region of Northern France, which has been manufacturing cast iron products since 1924.
Chasseur cookware can be used on all stovetops including induction.
# Ruggles Avenue Surf Break

Ruggles is an East Coast surf break Located in Rhode Island. The rocky reef break features three distinct breaks: "The Point" "Out Front" and "Around the Corner", each of which presents different challenges, and becomes active during different weather patterns.

## History

In 1971, East Coast surf pioneer Sid "the Package" Abbruzzi was arrested at Ruggles for violating a local city ordinance which prohibited surfing. He was fined $10, but appealed the case to the Rhode Island Supreme Court, where his conviction was thrown out, securing a victory for surfers and waterfront access advocates.

## Controversy

In March 2013, the Rhode Island Department of Transportation ("RIDOT") petitioned the state Coastal Resources Management Council for permission to make repairs to Newport Cliff Walk necessitated by damage sustained to it by Hurricane Sandy. RIDOT sought to reinforce the cliffwalk using armor stone in such a way that the surf break could become compromised. In addition, the construction application includes a request to add two temporary 200"x40" stone jetties which would bisect the breaks across the prevailing wave structure.
In response to the proposal, environmental activists joined the surf community to object to portions of the reconstruction proposal citing the impact to surfers as well as the negative impact to aquatic species. A formal decision is expected in May 2013. http://www.surfline.com/surf-news/ruggles-rally_94814/