OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ron Cummings

Ron Cummings is a Canadian retired litigator who was a major figure in Canadian law. He argued two of three cases before the Supreme Court of Canada that would eventually be considered a case law trilogy of personal injury cases for Canada. He also negotiated or litigated some of the largest personal injury awards in Canadian history.

## Early life and education

Cummings grew up in the Boyle Street district on the east side of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. He was raised with his father selling iron and steel products and his mother a bookkeeper for lumber companies. The house he lived in was small and he was forced to share a bedroom with his grandfather. Cummings attended the University of Alberta and worked odd jobs to pay his way through law school.

## Career

After graduating from law school in 1960, Cummings began working for a large Edmonton law firm. He worked there for a year prior to moving to a smaller firm and eventually joining his partner firm. Cummings joined the law firm of Cummings Andrews Mackay in 1962. During his time with the firm he turned it from a solicitor office into a litigation firm, handling cases throughout the entire country and earning him the nickname "King of Torts." Cummings also took a stance during his career to not represent insurance companies, instead only representing people who have been disabled by acts of negligence.
Early in his career Cummings also specialized in divorce. He argued a case before the Supreme Court of Canada where the judge awarded his client lump sum alimony based on equity in the other party's residence. It was the first decision of its kind and one that is now studied in law schools throughout Canada.
In 1978, Cummings argued two cases of a trilogy before the Supreme Court of Canada that set precedent for personal injury awards in Canada. He argued Andrews v. Grand & Toy Alberta Ltd. and Thornton v. Prince George School Board with the third being Arnold v Teno. Both cases involved large awards which were challenged by the defense. The result of the rulings was the raising of non-monetary damages that could be awarded in such cases. It also reversed 100 years of case law that determined awards based on a lump sum as opposed to itemized awards for pain and suffering and loss of future earnings.
In the 1980-90s, Cummings litigated personal injury cases that became some of the largest structured settlement cases in Canada. Two such cases were the largest in the history of Alberta Court, with awards of $5 million and $2.9 million. Cummings tried a case in 1998 that resulted in the first ruling to use a pay-equity model. The judge awarded $4 million to the plaintiff calculated based on "the same salary level as a man had she not been injured."
Cummings was nominated for the Order of Canada, the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada. He retired from the firm in 2009 but remained on as a consultant.

## Personal life

Cummings lives on a 40-acre estate southeast of Edmonton. He has two children and was married to Virginia Cummings until her death in 2007.
# Jazz in the Garden at the Museum of Modern Art

Jazz in the Garden at the Museum of Modern Art is a Teddy Charles jazz album recorded live at the Museum of Modern Art in August 1960 and released in February 1961. Music from Jazz In The Garden At The Museum Of Modern Art was later reissued under the title "Sounds of the Inner City.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
In an AllMusic review of Sounds of the Inner City (a reissue of Jazz in the Garden at the Museum of Modern Art), Al Campbell stated "This is a noteworthy reissue considering that there are so few instances of Little's lyrical trumpet style and Ervin's passionate tenor recorded together."

## Track listing

* "Introduction" - 0:31
* "Scoochie (aka Skoo Chee & Schooche cooche)" (Booker Ervin) - 6:19
* "Cycles" (Mal Waldron) - 5:39
* "Embraceable You" (George Gershwin and Ira Gershwin) - 4:42
* "Blues de Tambour" (Ed Shaughnessy) - 6:06
* "Take Three Parts Jazz/Route 4/Byriste/Father Greoge" - 12:16
* "The Confined Few" (Booker Little) - 8:08
* "Stardust" (Mitchell Parish and Hoagy Carmichael)- available only in some reissues.

## Personnel

* Teddy Charles - vibraphone
* Booker Little - trumpet
* Booker Ervin - tenor saxophone
* Mal Waldron - piano
* Addison Farmer - bass
* Ed Shaughnessy - drums
# PCDH15

Protocadherin-15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCDH15 gene.

## Function

This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily. Family members encode integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. The protein product of this gene consists of a signal peptide, 11 extracellular calcium-binding domains, a transmembrane domain and a unique cytoplasmic domain. It plays an essential role in maintenance of normal retinal and cochlear function. It is thought to interact with CDH23 to form tip-link filaments.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been associated with hearing loss, which is consistent with its location at the Usher syndrome type 1F (USH1F) critical region on chromosome 10. Variation within it has also been found to be associated with normal differences in human facial appearance.
# Philip Currie, 1st Baron Currie

Philip Henry Wodehouse Currie, 1st Baron Currie, GCB, PC (13 October 1834 – 12 May 1906), known as Sir Philip Currie between 1885 and 1899, was a British diplomat. He was Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1888/9 to 1893, Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1893 to 1898 and Ambassador to Italy from 1898 to 1902.

## Background and education

Currie was the son of Raikes Currie, Member of Parliament for Northampton, and the Hon. Laura Sophia, daughter of John Wodehouse, 1st Baron Wodehouse. He was a great-nephew of William Currie and a second cousin of Sir Frederick Currie, 1st Baronet and Vice-Admiral Mark John Currie. He was educated at Eton.

## Diplomatic career

Currie joined the Foreign Office in 1854. He was an attaché at St Petersburg, Russia, from 1856 to 1857, and précis writer to the Foreign Secretary, Lord Clarendon, from 1857 to 1858 and private secretary to another Foreign Secretary, Lord Salisbury, from 1878 to 1880. He was Assistant Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1882 to 1889, when he was made Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. He was Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1893 to 1898 and as Ambassador to Italy from 1898 to 1902. Currie was appointed a CB in 1878, a KCB in 1885 and a GCB in 1892. In 1899 he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Currie, of Hawley in the County of Southampton.
From 24 November to 21 December 1898, Currie was one of the British Government delegates to the Rome Anti-Anarchist Congress, with Sir Howard Vincent and Sir Godfrey Lushington.

## Personal life

Currie married Mary, daughter of Charles James Savile Montgomerie Lamb and widow of Henry Sydenham Singleton, in 1894. She was a poet under the pen-name Violet Fane. There were no children from the marriage. She died in October 1905, aged 62. Lord Currie survived her by a year and died in May 1906, aged 71. The title became extinct on his death.

## Assessments

According to Keith Neilson and T. G. Otte, "Philip Currie was not a great permanent head of the Foreign Office... More than any other PUS, Currie was the creature of one of his political masters [Salisbury]."
# HD 33283

HD 33283 is a star in the southern constellation Lepus with one planet and a co-moving stellar companion. With an apparent visual magnitude of 8.05, the star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. It is located at a distance of 294 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +4.5.
This is an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G3/5V. It is about 3.6 billion years old and is chromospherically inactive. The star is spinning slowly with a projected rotational velocity of 1 km/s and an estimated rotation period of about 55.5 days. It is larger and more massive than the Sun. HD 33283 is radiating over four times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,985 K.
In 2014, a co-moving red dwarf companion star, HD 33283 B, of spectral class M4–M5 was detected at an angular separation of 55.7″, corresponding to a projected separation of 5,244 AU.

## Planetary system

In 2006, J. A. Johnson and associates found a jovian planet orbiting HD 33283 with the radial velocity method. It is orbiting at a distance of 0.15 AU (22 Gm) from the host star with a period of 18.2 days and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.4.
The HD 33283 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | ≥0.329±0.071 M$_J$ | 0.1508±0.0087 | 18.1991±0.0017 | 0.399±0.056 | — | — |
# Baranga

Baranga may refer to:
* Baranga (river), in Romania
* Aurel Baranga, Romanian playwright
# Øyangen (Gran)

Øyangen is a lake on the border of the municipalities of Gran in Innlandet county and Hurdal in Akershus county in Norway. The 4.03-square-kilometre (1.56 sq mi) lake lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the village of Jaren and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the west of the larger lake Hurdalsjøen.
# Ron Curry

Ron Curry may refer to:
* Ronald Curry (born 1979), former American football wide receiver
* Ron Curry (basketball) (born 1993), American basketball player
# Jazz in Paris: Nuages

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Jazz in Paris: Nuages is a compilation album of recordings by Jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt, released in 2003. The album was recorded in 1953; the first eight tracks on 10 March and the other four on 8 April.

## Track listing

* "Blues for Ike" (Django Reinhardt) – 3:24
* "September Song" (Kurt Weill, Maxwell Anderson) – 2:35
* "Night and Day" (Cole Porter) – 2:52
* "Insensiblement" (Paul Misraki) – 3:10
* "Manoir de Mes Rêves" (Reinhardt) – 2:38
* "Nuages" (Reinhardt) – 3:18
* "Aquarela do Brazil" (Ary Barroso; Bob Russel) – 2:27
* "I'm Confessin' (That I Love You)" (Al J. Neiburg, Doc Daugherty, Ellis Reynolds) – 3:39
* "Le Soir" (Reinhardt) – 2:58
* "Chez Moi À Six Heures" (Paul Misraki) – 3:00
* "I Cover the Waterfront" (Edward Heyman; Johnny Green) – 3:27
* "Deccaphonie" (Reinhardt) – 3:15

## Personnel

* Django Reinhardt – electric guitar
* Pierre Lemarchand – drums
* Pierre Michelot – double bass
* Martial Solal – piano
* Maurice Vander – piano
* Jean-Louis Viale – drums
Production notes:
* Christophe Henault – digital remastering
* Daniel Richard – production coordination
* This 2000s jazz album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# PCDH11Y

PCDH11Y is a gene unique to Homo males that encodes Protocadherin 11Y, a protein that guides the development of nerve cells. PCDH11X, located on the X chromosome, is common, in both sexes, to humans and our nearest relative, the chimpanzee; however, PCDH11Y, located on the Y chromosome, is unique to males.
In terms of human evolution, it has been estimated that pcdh11x "gene jumped" from X to Y around three million years ago; coincident with increased human brain size and the first use of tools. Furthermore, around 120,000 to 200,000 years ago, the PCDH11Y gene was able to further transform, splitting in half and reversing its position.
PCDH11X/Y are cadherin family genes. They make proteins, involved in signalling, that attach to the surface of nerve cells. PCDH11X and PCDH11Y, respond in different ways to Retinoic acid, a chemical involved in the development of embryos. The acid stimulates the activity of PCDH11Y but suppresses PCDH11X. This is likely one of the explanations for the differences between the brains of men and women.
Psychiatrist, professor Tim Crow, also believes the gene explains lateralisation. Humans have "lateralised" brains, in which the different sides became specialised for particular jobs. For instance 90% of people will use their right hands for fiddly tasks. A chimpanzee is just as likely to use either hand. It also explains why, for right-handed people, linguistic functions are concentrated on the left side of the brain.
# White Transit Company

White Transit Company was an Australian bus company operating route bus services on Sydney's Lower North Shore.

## History

Charles Hicks commenced operations on 18 October 1924 with six White buses. It became a public company in 1925. It had its headquarters in Crows Nest with the depot in Willoughby.
It quickly expanded to become the largest bus operator on the Lower North Shore. By 1925 it operated 11 routes, many of which connected with Sydney Ferries Limited services:
* 19: Balmoral Beach to Milsons Point wharf
* 40: Cammeray to Milsons Point wharf
* 51: Chatswood to Milsons Point wharf
* 52: Chatswood to Spit Junction
* 53: Chatswood to Milson Point wharf
* 95: Gladesville to Spit Junction
* 144: Manly to Spit Junction
* 149: Manly to Newport
* 214: Spit Junction to Milsons Point wharf
* 233: Willoughby to Milsons Point
* 236: Mosman to Musgrave Street wharf
In May 1927, route 95 ceased with the Gladesville to Lane Cove section taken over by Longueville Motor Bus Company. With the introduction of the Transport (Co-ordination) Act 1931 that banned buses from competing with trams, the business ceased on 31 October 1931.

## Fleet

At its peak, the fleet totalled 33, most of which were Whites.

## Depot

The depot was located at 462 Willoughby Road, Willoughby.
# HD 33266

HD 33266 (HR 1675) is a solitary star in the northern circumpolar constellation Camelopardalis. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.17, making it faintly visible to the naked eye. Located 481 light years away, it is approaching the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of −4.4 km/s.
HD 33266 is an A-type star with 2.45 times the mass of the Sun and 3.14 times the radius of the Sun. It shines at 49.7 L$_☉$ from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,952 K, giving it a white glow. Due to HD 33266 being an Am star, it spins slowly with a projected rotational velocity of 15 km/s at an age of 340 million years. Its metallicity − elements heavier than helium − is at solar level.

## Note

* ↑ Despite it being referenced as either A2 III or IV, this is actually an Am main sequence star.
# Rupert Speir

Sir Rupert Malise Speir (10 September 1910 – 16 September 1998) was a British Conservative Party politician.
He was born at East Saltoun in East Lothian, Scotland, and educated at Eton College and at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he was chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association. He became a solicitor, and in 1939 he joined the army, where he served in the Intelligence Corps throughout the Second World War.
At the 1945 general election, he stood unsuccessfully as the Conservative candidate in the safe Labour seat of Linlithgowshire in Scotland, winning 36% of the votes. He was unsuccessful again at the 1950 general election.
At the 1951 general election he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hexham, and held the seat until he retired at the 1966 general election.
Three private members bills sponsored by Speir were passed into law: the Litter Act 1958, the Noise Abatement Act 1960 and the Local Government (Financial Provisions) Act 1963.
# Øyvind Holen

Øyvind Holen (born 4 January 1973) is a Norwegian journalist, comics creator and non-fiction writer.

## Personal life

Holen hails from Lindeberg, a district in Groruddalen, Oslo. He was born on 4 January 1973, and is married to Marta Breen.

## Career

A journalist, Holen has worked for or contributed to a number of newspapers, including Aftenposten, Dagsavisen, VG, Klassekampen, Bergens Tidende, Morgenbladet, Osloposten, Ny Tid, and Dagens Næringsliv.
He made his book debut in 2004 with the hiphop documentary Hiphop-hoder: Fra Beat Street til bygde-rap. His next books were Groruddalen: En reiseskildring (2005), Hiphop: Graffiti, rap, breaking, dj-ing (2009), and Faktaløve: Hiphop (2010). He was awarded the Sproing Award in 2012 for the comics album Drabant, shared with illustrator Mikael Noguchi [no]. Further books are Donald-landet (2012), Jævla bra byline (2014), Tegneserienes historie (2015), Getto (2021), and B.O.L.T Warhead. The Re Enforcement from 2022 (about an album by the Norwegian rap group B.O.L.T. Warhead [no]).
# Langangen

Langangen is a village in Porsgrunn Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located in the far eastern part of the municipality, just before the border with neighboring Larvik Municipality, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast of the town of Porsgrunn. Langangen has its own elementary school and Langangen Church.
The 0.43-square-kilometre (110-acre) village has a population (2022) of 465 and a population density of 1,074 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,780/sq mi).
The European route E18 highway historically passed through the middle of the village, but in 1979 the road was re-routed over a new Langangen bridge further to the north.
# Raja Pratap Singh

Raja Pratap Singh was the founder Raja of Barauli, in the Aligarh district. He close associate of Prithiviraj Chauhan, who founded his kingdom with capital at Barauli near Bulandshahar after defeating the Meos from Pahasu, Dibai and Anupshahr. He belonged to the royal Bargujar family of Macheri area near Alwar and was invited by Prithviraj Chauhan to this area.
He settled in Pahasu in the centre of his newly acquired estate, where he rapidly acquired great power. Raja Pratap Singh married the daughter of Raja Door and populated the town of Barauli in Samvat 1122 (1065 AD) when there were 1656 villages attached to it.
# Lake Wyola State Park

Lake Wyola State Park, also known as the Carroll A. Holmes Recreation Area, is located in the town of Shutesbury, Massachusetts. It is a state-run recreation area located on the shores of Lake Wyola.

## History

In 1997, the Department of Environmental Management (DEM), now known as the Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR), acquired Lake Wyola Park from Emelia Bennett and established the Carroll Holmes Recreation Area. The park was dedicated in honor of Carroll Holmes, a former Shutesbury selectman and an individual who had previously held the position of director within DEM's Region IV.

## Activities and amenities

* The park's 40 acres (16 ha) include trails for walking, hiking, snowmobiling and cross-country skiing, restrooms, picnic grounds, and a beach.
* Lake Wyola's 128 acres (52 ha) provide opportunities for swimming, fishing, and boating.
# Jazz in the Domain

Jazz in The Domain was (until a name change in 2010) the first of several large, public, open-air concerts that take place in The Domain, Sydney during the local summer holiday month of January. As the first major public event of the Sydney Festival, it was often officially opened by the Lord Mayor of Sydney.

## History

Jazz in the Domain was traditionally held on the second Saturday evening of January and was then followed by its two sister concerts Symphony in The Domain and Opera in The Domain on the third and fourth Saturday evenings in January respectively.
Although the concert continues to be held it was renamed 'Summer Sounds in the Domain' for the 2010 Festival and since then it has moved away from the mainstream jazz, featuring instead a variety of world musicians.
Prior to its renaming in 2010 the concert was usually fronted by one or more famous Australian jazz music identities. Su Cruickshank, Ricky May and James Morrison (musician) all headlined the concert over the years.

## Attendance

As with the other summer concerts in The Domain, Jazz in the Domain usually attracted crowds of up to 100,000 people (in good weather), filling the area to capacity.
The main performances usually started around dusk although entertainment was often provided for people who arrived early. Many people arrive at all the summer concerts in The Domain hours prior to the official start time so as to gain the best spots close to the stage.

## Concerts by year

* The 2010: Toumani Diabate's Symmetric Orchestra with Vieux Farka Toure
* The 2009: "The Gypsy Queens & Kings", with Fanfare Ciocarlia and special guest singers including Macedonia's "Queen of the Gypsy Singers" Esma Redzepova, Bulgarian star Jony Iliev, Hungarian Mitsou and Romanian Florentina Sandu.
* The 2008: "El Barrio" with the "Spanish Harlem Orchestra".
* The 2007: "Noite Brasil", with Oscar Castro-Neves, Airto Moreira, Abraham Laboriel and Alex Acuna.
# Itiji

Itiji is an administrative ward in the Mbeya Urban district of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 4,663 people in the ward, from 4,231 in 2012.$^{:95}$$^{:119}$

## Neighborhoods

The ward has 4 neighborhoods.
* Itiji
* Makaburin
* Mbwile
* Mwasanga
# Joel Hoffman

Joel Hoffman may refer to:
* Joel Hoffman (composer) (born 1953), Canadian classical music composer and pianist
* Joel Hoffman (tennis) (born 1958), American tennis player
* Joel Manuel Hoffman (born 1968), American scholar, writer, speaker, and novelist
# White Township School District

The White Township School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade from White Township, in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 269 students and 31.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.5:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "DE", the fifth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Public school students in grades nine through twelve from Harmony Township, Hope Township and White Township attend Belvidere High School as part of sending/receiving relationships with the Belvidere School District As of the 2021–22 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 357 students and 32.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.1:1.

## Schools

Schools in the district (with 2021–22 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
* White Township Consolidated School, with 253 students in grades PreK-8

## Administration

Core members of the district's administration are:
* William Thompson, chief school administrator
* Andrew Italiano, business administrator and board secretary

## Board of education

The district's board of education is composed of nine members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district.
# Rupert Smith (disambiguation)

Rupert Smith (born 1943) is a retired British Army officer and author.
Rupert Smith may also refer to:
* Rupert Smith (novelist) (born 1960), American-born English author and journalist
* Rupert Smith (American football) (1897–1959), American football and baseball player
* Rupert Jasen Smith (1951–1989), American artist