OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jonathan Chase (colonel)

Jonathan Chase (December 6, 1732 – January 12, 1800) was a soldier in the American Revolutionary War.
Chase was born in Sutton, Province of Massachusetts Bay to Samuel Chase and his wife, Mary Dudley. As a young man, he moved to Cornish, New Hampshire and married Thankful Sherman of Grafton, New Hampshire on November 28, 1759. Together they had three children; Prudence, Elizabeth, and Mary. Born July 21, 1739; Thankful died at the age of 28 on November 25, 1768. Jonathan Chase remarried on October 22, 1770, to Sarah Hall; born December 15, 1742, and died October 13, 1806. Jonathan and Sarah had six children, Jonathan, 1771; David Hall, 1773; Sarah Hall, 1775; son Lebbeus Hall, 1779; Pamelia, 1780; and Gratia, 1782.
He was a farmer, a surveyor, a store keeper and a miller in the new township of Cornish. In 1775, with the coming of the American Revolutionary War, Chase was appointed colonel of the 13th New Hampshire Militia Regiment. Jonathan Chase led his regiment to Fort Ticonderoga in 1776 to support the Continental Army. His regiment served in Gen. William Whipple's Brigade of New Hampshire Militia during the Saratoga Campaign of 1777. At the surrender of Gen. John Burgoyne, Col. Chase drew up the Articles of Convention for the Surrender of General Burgoyne's Army for Gen. Horatio Gates. His regiment was also called up in 1780 in response to the Royalton Raid in Vermont. Chase was promoted to brigadier general in the State Militia of New Hampshire.
He died at his home in Cornish, New Hampshire.
# Police and Fire Services (Finance) (Scotland) Act 2001

The Police and Fire Services (Finance)(Scotland) Act 2001 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament. It was passed by the Parliament on 1 November 2001 and received Royal Assent on 5 December 2001. It was repealed upon the enactment of the Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012, which merged Scotland's territorial police and fire services into national bodies, Police Scotland and the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service.

## Preamble

"An Act of the Scottish Parliament to make provision about the carrying forward by police authorities, joint police boards and joint fire boards of unspent balances from one financial year to the next; and for connected purposes."

## Repeals and Amendments

No other legislation was repealed by this Act.
The Act amended the Police (Scotland) Act 1967 (c.77) and Fire Services Act 1947 (c.41).
# Jonquil

Jonquil or Jonquille may refer to:
* Narcissus jonquilla, the jonquil, a narcissus with clusters of small fragrant yellow flowers and cylindrical leaves, native to southern Europe and northeastern Africa
* Jonquil (color), a hue named after the flower
* USS Jonquil (1863), a 19th-century warship of the United States Navy
* HMS Jonquil, two former warships of the Royal Navy
# Jonquil Solt

Jonquil Frances Loveday Solt OBE (1933 - June 2022, née Denham-Davis) was a supporter of Paralympic equestrianism and the Riding for the Disabled Association.

## Life

She was presented at court as a debutante in 1954, and then worked for a travel agency, reporting on resorts around the world. She wrote for magazines, worked in sales, and took a secretarial course but gave up paid employment on her marriage.
She had ridden horses since childhood, had a British Horse Society Instructor's Certificate, and was three times a reserve champion at the Horse of the Year Show.
She first became involved with the Riding for the Disabled Association in 1965, and in 1980 became the first chair of its Dressage Committee.
She organised the first international dressage competition for riders with disabilities, and in 1995 she became chair of the International Paralympic Committee's Equestrian Committee. Partly through her efforts, dressage was introduced as one of the equestrian events in the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta. She was a member of the ground jury at those games, and was a technical delegate for dressage at the 2000 Paralympics in Sydney and the 2004 Paralympics in Athens, where the International Paralympic Committee named her "Best Official of all the sports at the Games".
She died at her home in Leamington Spa in June 2022.

## Recognition

Solt was appointed OBE in the 2004 New Year Honours, "for services to Disabled Riding".
She was honoured with the Paralympic Order in 2013, being the first person involved in equestrianism to be so honoured.
# Polyaminopropyl biguanide

Polyaminopropyl biguanide (PAPB) is a polymer containing biguanide group connected with a three methylene (propyl) linker. The polymer is a propyl analogue of polyhexamethylene biguanide. The polymer display some antibacterial activity however much lower than PHMB. As of May 2024, PAPB is not approved as a biocidal active substance under EU regulations.

## Name controversy

In some sources, particularly in lists of cosmetic ingredients (INCI), the name polyaminopropyl biguanide is wrongly associated with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)
# Jorge Alonso Treviño

Jorge Alonso Treviño Martínez (born 2 November 1935) served as governor of Nuevo León from 1 August 1985 to 1 August 1991. He is affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
Treviño received a bachelor's degree in law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico, a doctorate in administrative law from the University of Paris (Panthéon-Sorbonne) and completed some postgraduate studies at the University of Rome in Italy.
He taught several law courses at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Autonomous University of Nuevo León and University of Monterrey and held several posts at the federal secretariat of finance, where he worked with future president Miguel de la Madrid.
Treviño was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1982. He won the 1985 gubernatorial elections amid serious accusations of fraud, particularly against his conservative opponent, Fernando Canales. As governor, he built the first line of Metrorrey and coordinated the relief and reconstruction efforts after Hurricane Gilbert.
# Polygonatum × hybridum

Polygonatum × hybridum, the garden Solomon's-seal, is a hybrid flowering plant, which is a cross between common Solomon's-seal (Polygonatum multiflorum) and angular Solomon's-seal (Polygonatum odoratum).
The plant tends to be more vigorous than either of its parent species.

## Description

Like other members of the genus, Polygonatum × hybridum grows from rhizomes. The stems reach a height of about 1 m (3 ft), and carry pointed leaves arranged alternately. They arch over at the top so that the flowers, produced in Spring in small clusters at the junction between a leaf and the stem, hang downwards. Individual flowers are white with green tips and are slightly scented.

## Cultivation

Polygonatum × hybridum is suitable for sunny or partially shaded positions and is described as easy to grow. It is fully hardy, down to at least −20 °C (−4 °F). It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. In gardens it is susceptible to attack by the larvae of Solomon's seal sawfly (Phymatocera aterrima), which feed on the underside of the leaves, rapidly reducing them to a skeletonised appearance.
Numerous cultivars are known:
* 'Striatum' has leaves which are striped and edged with cream to white markings. It is somewhat shorter at 60 cm (2 ft) than the normal form.
* 'Betberg' (named after the village of Betberg in Germany near to where it was found) has leaves which are initially dark brown, fading when flowering begins. It is taller than the normal form, reaching 1.2 m (4 ft).
# Pollin

Pollin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Abe Pollin (1923–2009), American sports team owner
* Andy Pollin (born 1958), American radio and television personality
* Robert Pollin (born 1950), American economist
* William Pollin (1922–2008), American psychiatrist
# Pollin Prize for Pediatric Research

The Pollin Prize for Pediatric Research was an annual award given to physicians who contributed important advances to the field of pediatrics, and was the only existing international pediatric award. The prize was created in 2002 by Irene and Abe Pollin, and funded by the Linda and Kenneth Pollin Foundation. It was administered by the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, and as of 2003, Dr. Rudolph Leibel was chairman of the selection panel.
The prize is no longer awarded.

## Recipients

* 2010 – Roscoe O. Brady and Charles R. Scriver
* 2009 – Basil S. Hetzel
* 2008 – John Allen Clements
* 2007 – Samuel L. Katz
* 2006 – No award
* 2005 – Eric N. Olson, Abraham Rudolph
* 2004 – Alfred Sommer
* 2003 – Emil Frei, Emil J. Freireich, Donald Pinkel, and James F. Holland
* 2002 – Dilip Mahalanabis, Norbert Hirschhorn, David Nalin, and Nathaniel F. Pierce
# Polythore

Polythore is a genus of damselflies in the family Polythoridae. There are about 19 described species in Polythore.

## Species

These 19 species belong to the genus Polythore:
* Polythore aurora (Selys, 1879)$^{icg}$
* Polythore batesi (Selys, 1869)$^{icg}$
* Polythore beata (McLachlan, 1869)$^{icg}$
* Polythore boliviana (McLachlan, 1878)$^{icg}$
* Polythore concinna (McLachlan, 1881)$^{icg}$
* Polythore derivata (McLachlan, 1881)$^{icg}$
* Polythore gigantea (Selys, 1853)$^{icg}$
* Polythore lamerceda Bick and Bick, 1985$^{icg}$
* Polythore manua Bick and Bick, 1990$^{icg}$
* Polythore mutata (McLachlan, 1881)$^{icg}$
* Polythore neopicta Bick and Bick, 1990$^{icg}$
* Polythore ornata (Selys, 1879)$^{icg}$
* Polythore picta (Rambur, 1842)$^{icg}$
* Polythore procera (Selys, 1869)$^{icg}$
* Polythore spaeteri Burmeister and Börzsöny, 2003$^{icg}$
* Polythore terminata Fraser, 1946$^{icg}$
* Polythore victoria (McLachlan, 1869)$^{icg}$
* Polythore vittata (Selys, 1869)$^{icg}$
* Polythore williamsoni (Förster, 1903)$^{icg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Polythora viridescens

Polythora viridescens is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Brazil.
# Jorge Jiménez (archer)

Jorge Jiménez (born 30 September 1967 in San Salvador), is an athlete from El Salvador who competes in compound archery. He won the Archery World Cup in 2007, and achieved number one ranking status in the same year.
In 2013, he represented El Salvador at the 2013 World Games in Cali, Colombia.
# Pop Express

Pop Express was a Yugoslav music magazine that got published in Zagreb for less than a year during the 1969-1970 time frame.

## History

Pop Express was launched in 1969. It was published by Centar za kulturnu djelatnost omladine Zagreba (Center for Cultural Activity of Zagreb Youth), every second Monday in a month. The magazine's editor-in-chief was Darko Stuparić. The first issue was released on 10 February 1969, and the last, 23rd issue on 17 January 1970.
In an interview for the documentary series Rockovnik, chronicler Vladimir Spičanović said about the magazine:
   It began as a real music magazine, but over time it evolved towards some sort of, let's say, underground press, which was popular at the time. It featured that distinct graphic design, but it also covered topics that weren't strictly related to music. [...] Pop Express should be mentioned for another interesting thing, it was probably [...] the only [Yugoslav] music magazine to have one of its issues banned [by the authorities]. [...] The 13th issue was banned, not because of a written piece about music, but because of a letter to the editor sent in by a reader. Ever since then I've been trying — there were about ten readers' letters that got published in the issue — to find out which particular letter got it banned, and I haven't been able to find out why. Today, you can read it ten times over, but there's no chance you'll find out. It was so naive, so benign, that it's now ridiculous, but someone had a problem with it, and that issue was banned.

## Journalists and contributors

Some of the journalists and contributors to Pop Express include:
* Ranko Antonić
* Veljko Despot
* Darko Glavan
* Toni Nardić
* Nikola Nešković
* Raša Petrović
* Siniša Škarica
# Pope Gabriel IV of Alexandria

Gabriel IV (died 1378) was the 86th Coptic Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria from 1370 until his death.
Gabriel had a brother, Claudius (Iqludah), who was a priest and monk of the monastery of al-Muharraq, of which Gabriel was the abbot. He also had a married sister and a nephew, Rizqallah, who was a deacon. Gabriel was known as a great scholar and righteous ascetic. Claudius was also known for his learning; in 1388 he ordered a copy of the Philokalia.
He was consecrated on Epiphany Sunday, 11 Tuba 1086 AM (corresponding to 6 January 1370) in the church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus in Alexandria. His consecration at Alexandria rather than Cairo was unusual for the time.
Although next to nothing is known of Gabriel's pastoral duties, he does not seem to have been unduly encumbered by the authorities. As patriarch, he visited the monasteries of the Wadi al-Natrun. He imported olive oil from Syria and spiny broom from Beirut. He sent the priest Ibn al-Qudsi to Damascus to obtain a copper vessel. In 1371, Gabriel consecrated Timothy as bishop of Qasr Ibrim in Nobadia.
In 1374, Gabriel was staying at the monastery of Saint Macarius the Great during a famine. In order to prolong his stay without harming the monks, he supplied his and his bishops' own provisions. That same year he took part in the consecration of the holy chrism (myron) and had Athanasius of Qus compose an account of the rite. With the new myron, Gabriel reconsecrated six portable altars that had been profaned, although we are not told how. He went on a circuit of several monasteries, distributing the myron: the monastery of John the Little, inhabited by Ethiopians and Armenians; the Monastery of Saint Pishoy, inhabited by Syrians, Ethiopians and Armenians; the monastery of Old Baramus; the monastery of Our Lady Baramus; and the monastery of John Kama. Afterwards he returned to Saint Macarius.
Gabriel IV was contemporary of Al-Ashraf Nasir-ad-Din Shaban II and Al-Mansur Alah-ad-Din Ali, the Bahri sultans. He reigned for 8 years, 3 months and 22 days. He died on 3 Pashons 1094 AM (28 April 1378), and was buried next to Simon the Tanner.
# Pope Gabriel

Pope Gabriel may refer to:
* Pope Gabriel I of Alexandria, ruled in 910–920/1
* Pope Gabriel II of Alexandria, ruled in 1131–1145
* Pope Gabriel III of Alexandria, ruled in 1268–1271
* Pope Gabriel IV of Alexandria, ruled in 1370–1378
* Pope Gabriel V of Alexandria, ruled in 1408–1427
* Pope Gabriel VI of Alexandria, ruled in 1466–1475
* Pope Gabriel VII of Alexandria, ruled in 1525–1570
* Pope Gabriel VIII of Alexandria, ruled in 1587–1603
# Popcorn (Romanian music style)

Popcorn is a subgenre of dance music that originated in Romania in the late 2000s. It is inspired by Europop and dance-pop, featuring house and trance rhythms and fast tempos. The arrangement is characterized by the use of syncopated synthesizers played in staccato, and brass. Instruments such as accordions were eventually also included in several popcorn songs, which were most commonly performed in English.

## History

In Romania, dance music started growing in popularity in the underground scene after the fall of the Ceaușescu communist regime in 1989. Since then, the Mamaia resort had established itself as a venue for international DJs. Romania's entry into the European Union in 2007 facilitated local musicians' and songwriters' contact with international music. One of the earliest examples of popcorn music is the song "Sexy Thing" (2008) by David Deejay and Dony. It is featured on their 2010 studio album Popcorn, after which the genre is named.
Production trio Play & Win were also involved in the genre's development and worked on material for Akcent and Inna, among others. The latter's song "Hot" (2008) experienced commercial success in Europe, and was included on her 2009 album of the same name, which featured several other successful popcorn songs. The genre eventually became mainstream internationally, with "Stereo Love" by Edward Maya and Vika Jigulina, and "Mr. Saxobeat" by Alexandra Stan notably developing into worldwide hit singles. At that time, popcorn music was one of the two main commercial music waves in Romania along with hip hop. The popularity of popcorn music declined after the early 2010s. Other notable artists include Tom Boxer, Antonia, Andreea Bănică, Deepside Deejays, Nick Kamarera, DJ Rynno, Sylvia, DJ Sava and Raluka.
# Josephine Humphreys

Josephine Humphreys (born February 2, 1945) is an American novelist.

## Early life

Josephine Humphreys grew up in Charleston, South Carolina with her mother, father and two sisters (Vinh). Her father worked as the director of the Charleston development board. Her mother worked for the Charleston Museum (Josephine Humphreys full-length interview for Envision SC). Humphreys was encouraged to write by her grandmother Neta, and later by her mother. All the books she read were inherited from her grandparents or came from the public library (Vinh). The all-girl school she attended had an excellent writing program and a literary magazine, according to Humphreys. After graduating from high school, she attended Duke University because her father believed it was a "southern college" and he was against her attending any "northern school." What her father did not realize, though, was that Duke was anything but the "southern school" he imagined (Josephine Humphreys full-length interview for Envision SC). Her class was the first racially integrated undergraduate class. For four years this didn't seem to be an issue, until their graduation day, when there was a bomb threat from the Ku Klux Klan, resulting in Humphreys' class canceling its graduation ceremony.

## Career

A native of Charleston, South Carolina, which is also the setting of her novels Dreams of Sleep, Rich in Love and The Fireman's Fair, Humphreys was educated at Ashley Hall (Class of 1963), studied creative writing with Reynolds Price at Duke University (A.B., 1967), and went on to attend Yale University (M.A., 1968) and the University of Texas. She held fellowships from the Woodrow Wilson Foundation and the Danforth Foundation. From 1970 to 1977, before beginning her writing career, she taught English in Charleston.
While her first three novels are mainly about contemporary family life in the South, her fourth, Nowhere Else on Earth, is a departure in that it is an historical novel based on the true story of Rhoda Strong and Henry Berry Lowrie from the American Civil War era. It won the Southern Book Award in 2001.
Rich in Love, probably her best-known novel, was made into a 1992 film of the same title directed by Bruce Beresford, from a screenplay by Alfred Uhry, starring Albert Finney and Jill Clayburgh.
Humphreys was the winner of the 1984 Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award for Dreams of Sleep, and the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Lyndhurst Prize, and the American Academy of Arts and Letters Award in Literature.

## Novel Inspiration

Many of Humphreys' novels have been inspired not only by the landscape of Charleston but also from her own life. Many of her characters represent a personal metaphor(Vinh). Most books represent a form of family and community because that was important to Humphreys. Most importantly they reflect Charleston and how its changed from when she was a child to now. One book in particular, Fireman's Fair was rewritten in three months because of the hurricane and its significant impact on the landscape(Magee).

## Novels

* Dreams of Sleep (1984)
* Rich in Love (1987)
* The Fireman's Fair (1991)
* Nowhere Else on Earth (2000)
# Nkangala

Nkangala may refer to:
* Nkangala District Municipality
* Nkangala dialect of Mbunda
# Walter Pym

Walter Pym may refer to:
* Walter Pym (bishop)
* Walter Pym (actor)
# James B. Engle

James Bruce Engle (April 16, 1919 – November 7, 2017) was an American diplomat. A career Foreign Service Officer, he served as U.S. Ambassador to Benin (November 26, 1974 – February 15, 1976).
Born in a sod hut in Billings, Montana, James Engle was first in his class at Burlington Junior College in Iowa and went on to study at The University of Chicago. He went on to attend the Harvard Business School, and went to Oxford University at Exeter College with a Rhodes Scholarship, as well as receiving a Fulbright Scholarship to study at Instituto Italiano Studi Storici. He was the first Rhodes Scholar to also receive a Fulbright Scholarship. He also studied at Cambridge University with a Rockefeller Public Service Award.
Engle served in the Navy during and after World War II, and assisted in the development of NATO and the implementation of the Marshall Plan in the years after the war. He served in the U.S. diplomatic corps for 46 years, holding positions in Nicaragua and Vietnam before serving as ambassador to Benin (then Dahomey).
Following his retirement from the foreign service, James Engle moved to Peacham, Vermont, where he helped to found and served as the first president of Vermont Coverts, an organization dedicated to informing landowners about the maintenance of wildlife habitats.
# Palasi, Lääne-Viru County

Palasi is a village in Vinni Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.
# Parre (disambiguation)

Parre is a municipality in Italy.
Parre may also refer to
* Parré, an American chocolate company
* Catherine Parr (or Parre; 1512–1548), queen consort of England and Ireland
* Ted van der Parre (born 1955), Dutch strongman
# Michelle Vittese

Michelle Vittese (born December 6, 1989) is an American field hockey player. At the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics, she competed for the United States women's national field hockey team in the women's event. She was born in Philadelphia.

## Background

Vittese grew up in Cherry Hill, New Jersey and graduated from Camden Catholic High School in 2008. She played field hockey for the University of Virginia and graduated with a major in history. She currently resides in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In June 2016, she was part of the USA women's national team that finished with a bronze medal at the 2016 Champion's Trophy in London. Recently, Vittese led her team to win the bronze medal in the Pan American Cup against Canada in August 2017.
# James Herndon

James Herndon may refer to:
* James Herndon (writer) (1926–1990), American writer and educator
* James Herndon (drag queen) (1892–1983), American drag queen
* Jimmy Herndon (born 1973), American football player
* J. Marvin Herndon (born 1944), American scientist and conspiracy theorist
# James S.Y. Ivins

James Sterling Yard Ivins (December 23, 1885 – May 25, 1960) was a judge of the United States Board of Tax Appeals (later the United States Tax Court) from 1924 to 1925.
A New York city accountant and an authority in tax work, Ivins was the deputy attorney general of New York from 1915 to 1923, and served as director of the New York Income Tax Bureau.
He was one of the original twelve members appointed to the United States Board of Tax Appeals by President Calvin Coolidge, and one of a group of seven appointed "from the public". Ivins notified the court of his intent to resign in 1925, testifying before a Congressional committee that his resignation was prompted by the low salary given to board members.
Following his service on the board, Ivins and fellow member Percy W. Phillips joined with tax lawyer Richard Barker to form the law firm of Ivins Phillips Barker.
Ivins retired from legal practice in 1953, and moved to Marathon, Florida. He died in a hospital in Miami, Florida in 1960, at the age of 74. He graduated from Harvard College and Harvard Law School.
# James McMillin (disambiguation)

Jim or James McMillin may refer to:
* James McMillin (slave trader) (1806–1857), American tavern keeper, a/k/a James McMillan or James McMillen
* James McMillin (rower) (1914–2005), American gold medalist at 1936 Olympics
* Jim McMillin (1937–2023), American football defensive back