OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rui Ramos (historian)

Rui Manuel Monteiro Lopes Ramos (born 1962 in Torres Vedras) is a Portuguese history lecturer and researcher. He is a co-founder and a member of the Board of Directors of the online newspaper Observador. In 2013, he was awarded the Ordem do Infante D. Henrique.

## Career

Ramos graduated in History from the Faculty of Letters of the University of Lisbon (FLUL) in 1985. He had a brief period as a trainee assistant at FLUL and later served as a guest lecturer at the Faculty of Law of the New University of Lisbon (1998–2001). Since 2001, he has been a guest lecturer at the Institute of Political Studies of the Portuguese Catholic University.
At the Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon (ICS-UL), Ramos was a member of the Standing Committee of the Scientific Council (2001–2004), the Postgraduate Committee (1998–2000), and the editorial board of the journal Análise Social (2003–2004).
Specialising in the history of Portugal during the 19th and 20th centuries, Ramos focuses on political and cultural aspects, particularly the period at the end of the constitutional monarchy and the First Republic. He is also an expert on the history of political ideas in Europe during these centuries.
Ramos earned his PhD in Political Science from Oxford University in 1997. He has authored numerous articles in both Portuguese and international scientific journals, and several books, including A Segunda Fundação (The Second Foundation, 1994), Volume VI of the History of Portugal directed by José Mattoso, João Franco e o Fracasso do Reformismo Liberal (João Franco and the Failure of Liberal Reformism, 2001), and a biography of King Carlos I of Portugal in the Kings of Portugal series (2006).
He is a member of the Board of Directors of the online newspaper Observador, where he has also collaborated on several radio programmes. Ramos has written weekly columns for Diário Económico (2005), Público (2006–2009), Correio da Manhã (2009), and Expresso (2010–2013). He has contributed to weekly debate programmes on RTP3, TVI 24, SIC Notícias, and Canal Q, and was the author of the 12-part series Portugal de... on RTP1 (2006–2007).
# Émile Dubois (politician)

Émile Dubois (1913–1973) was a French politician. He served as a member of the National Assembly from 1951 to 1955, representing Nord.
# Roger Pilkington (MP)

Roger Pilkington (c. 1325–1407) was an English soldier and politician. He served under Henry, Duke of Lancaster, and later under John of Gaunt in Aquitaine.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Lancashire in 1363 and subsequently.
# Raeanne Rubenstein

Rae Anne "Raeanne" Rubenstein (September 15, 1945 – November 30, 2019) was an American portrait photographer. She was best known for her photographs from the late 1960s art rock scene and subsequently for her photographs of the country music scene.

## Early life and education

She was born on September 15, 1945, on Staten Island, and her father, Isidore, owned the Tudor Furniture Company, and her mother, Sylvia (Grossman) Rubenstein, taught elementary school. She attended Curtis High School before moving to the Annenberg School of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1967.

## Career

Rubenstein started her photography career by providing complimentary portraits for the celebrity interviews of her journalist friend Lita Eliscu. This resulted in her introduction to Andy Warhol, who she regularly photographed throughout the 1960s and who also introduced her to many celebrities at his Factory venue. Bonnie Garner arranged for her to have access to the Fillmore East, where she documented many rock acts including Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, John Lennon, Yoko Ono, Lou Reed, Pink Floyd and Joe Cocker.
A trip to Nashville in 1975 resulted in a love affair with the personalities of country music, producing a large body of work on celebrities like Lynn Anderson, Johnny Cash, Tammy Wynette, Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson. This content provided material for multiple books and exhibitions.
She enrolled in 2009 in Watkins Film School and subsequently produced, directed and photographed short movies. Rubenstein died on November 30, 2019, in Nashville, Tennessee.
# Rupert Obholzer

Rupert Obholzer (born 27 March 1970 in Cape Town) is a British rower. He was educated at Hampton School along with Johnny and Greg Searle and then St Catherine's College, Oxford, where he stroked the dark blue boat to victory in the 1991 Boat Race. He won a bronze medal at the 1996 Olympic Games in the four with Jonny Searle, Greg Searle and Tim Foster. He was later umpire of the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race. He trained as a doctor while rowing, and is now a consultant ear nose and throat surgeon at Guy's Hospital specialising in diseases of the ear and base of the skull.
# Philippa Coningsby

Philippa Coningsby (née Fitzwilliam (died 1596) was an English aristocrat, a daughter of William FitzWilliam of Milton. She married Sir Thomas Coningsby and had 11 children.
As wife of Sir Thomas Coningsby she lived at Leominster and Hampton Court, Herefordshire, where their monogram "TCP" was carved in several places. Coningsby wrote in a letter to Sir Robert Cecil that his wife was his "near kinswoman".
She died in 1596, and was buried at Hope under Dinmore.
In 1617, an unmarried cousin of her husband, Joyce Jeffreys, who was born at Ham Castle at Clifton-upon-Teme, joined the household to be a "perpetual companion" to the younger Philippa Coningsby.
# Whelihan

Whelihan is an Anglicized Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Craig Whelihan (born 1971), American football player
* James Austin Whelihan (1902–1986), Canadian priest
# Gypsochares bigoti

Gypsochares bigoti is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that can be found in France, Portugal and Spain.
The larvae feed on Helichrysum stoechas.
# Rubefacient

A rubefacient is a substance for topical application that produces redness of the skin, e.g. by causing dilation of the capillaries and an increase in blood circulation. It has sometimes been used to relieve acute or chronic pain, but there is limited evidence as to its efficacy, and as of 2014 the best evidence does not support using gels and creams containing rubefacients for this purpose.

## Examples

Common medicinal rubefacients include:
* Salicylates, such as methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen)
* Nicotinate esters
* Capsaicin, derived from chili pepper, Capsicum minimum, "incites irritation without rubefaction"
* Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)
* Menthol
* Minoxidil
* Thurfyl nicotinate (Trafuril)
Common herbal rubefacients include:
* Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum)
* Garlic (Allium sativum)
* Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
* Horseradish (Cochlearia armoracia)
* Mustard (Brassica alba or Brassica nigra)
* Nettle (Urtica dioica)
* Rue (Ruta graveolens)
* Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
# Émile Dubonnet

Émile Dubonnet (18 October 1883 - 4 October 1950) was a French balloonist active from 1908 to 1913. He participated in the 1908, 1909, and 1911 Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning and was a member of the Aéro-Club de France. He won the La Grande Medaille de Aéro-Club de France in 1912. He holds a Fédération Aéronautique Internationale record from 1912-1913.

## Biography

He was born on 18 October 1883 in Paris to a winemaker. In 1910 he flew over Paris in his Tellier brothers aircraft. He started from the Juvisy-sur-Orge field and made a landing at Bois de Boulogne
He also helped form the first professional baseball league in France, the French Baseball Union, in 1912.
# Ron Beagle

Ronald Beagle (February 7, 1934 – September 8, 2015) was an American football end. He played college football for the Navy Midshipmen, where he won the Maxwell Award in 1954.

## Early years

Beagle was born in Hartford, Connecticut, but played high school football in Cincinnati.

## College career

He entered the United States Naval Academy in 1952. A physical player, Beagle won All-American recognition in his junior and senior seasons during an era in which ends played 60 minutes. He won the Maxwell Award in 1954. Beagle finished his three-year career with 64 receptions for 849 yards (mostly from George Welsh) and eight touchdowns despite fighting through a broken hand.
He also was All-America in lacrosse.

## After football

Beagle was selected by the Chicago Cardinals in the 17th round of the 1956 NFL draft. Before he was to join the Cardinals, he served four years in the United States Marines. He suffered a knee injury while playing football in the service and was never able to recover. He went into business in Sacramento, California.

## Personal life

Beagle married a Navy nurse, Jo Ann Jones. Their daughter, Ronda J. Beagle, graduated from the Naval Academy in 1984. The Beagles were among the first families with a father and daughter who graduated from the academy. Ronda Beagle authored a 1993 book on the Navy's efforts to recruit women.
Uniquely in the history of the sport, Beagle and Roger Staubach played football for the same high school (Purcell in Cincinnati), played college ball at the same school (Navy), won the Maxwell Award, made All-American team, and eventually were inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, with Beagle receiving that honor in 1986.
# Landfarming

Landfarming is an ex situ waste treatment process that is performed in the upper soil zone or in biotreatment cells. Contaminated soils, sediments, or sludges are transported to the landfarming site, mixed into the soil surface and periodically turned over (tilled) to aerate the mixture. Landfarming commonly uses a clay or composite liner to intercept leaching contaminants and prevent groundwater pollution, however, a liner is not a universal requirement.

## Applicability

This technique has been used for years in the management and disposal of drill cuttings, oily sludge and other petroleum refinery wastes. The equipment employed in land farming is typical of that used in agricultural operations. These land farming activities cultivate and enhance microbial degradation of hazardous compounds. As a rule of thumb, the higher the molecular weight (i.e., the more rings within a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon), the slower the degradation rate. Also, the more chlorinated or nitrated the compound, the more difficult it is to degrade.

## Limitations

Factors that may limit the applicability and effectiveness of the process include:
* large space requirements
* the conditions advantageous for biological degradation of contaminants are largely uncontrolled, which increases the required length of time until complete degradation, particularly for recalcitrant compounds
* inorganic contaminants are not biodegraded
* the potential of large amounts of particulate matter released by operations
* the presence of metal ions may be toxic to microbes and may leach from the contaminated soil into the ground.
* high levels of hydrocarbon contamination (>7%) are toxic to the microbes and will not degrade
* the microbes convert hydrocarbons to greenhouse gases
Hydrocarbon compounds that have been identified as being not readily degraded by land farming include creosote, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and bunker C oil.
# Katariga

Katariga is a small community in Sagnarigu District in the Northern Region of Ghana. It has a dispersed settlement having Kumbuyili, Sugashee and Gurugu as its neighboring communities. Farming is the most common occupation in this community. It is one of the few communities headed by a female(Tindana) in the Northern Region .
# Israeli Jewish Congress

The Israeli Jewish Congress - HAKHEL was founded in 2012 (abbreviation IJC ) and is based in Israel. It represents the Jewish Community of Israel in relation to Diaspora Jewry, mainly European Jewish communities and international forums and institutions. It currently has offices in Tel Aviv (in the Electra Tower), Israel and is planning on opening more branches in major European capitals.
Vision: Promoting the principle of Israel as the Jewish State.
The IJC's Goals and Objectives:
* Promoting and strengthening the Jewish character of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state, as stated in the Proclamation of Independence.
* Reinforcing and tightening mutual relations between the Jewish community in Israel and those in Europe.
* The preservation and strengthening of Jewish tradition in Israel and the Diaspora.
* Promoting the interests of the Jewish community in Israel.
* Respectful and effective commemoration of the Holocaust.
* Opposition to any manifestation of anti-Semitism or racism.
* The Promotion and support of Israel in the international community.
* Promotion of programs to strengthen Jewish solidarity in Israel and the Diaspora.
The IJC was founded by a group of prominent Israelis, including former member of Knesset and former Mossad Director Danny Yatom, Mr. Vladimir Sloutsker, former chairman of the Russian Jewish Congress and former vice chairman of the European Jewish Congress, Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Yaakov Borovsky, a former commander of the Northern District of the Israel Police and Attorney Lipa Meir who form the board of Management.
Mr. Sloutsker is president of the IJC.
# Jiří Wolker

Jiří Wolker (Czech pronunciation:) (29 March 1900 – 3 January 1924) was a Czech poet, journalist and playwright. He was one of the founding members of KSČ - Communist Party of Czechoslovakia - in 1921.

## Life

He was born in Prostějov, into a cultural family. He studied at the Prostějov gymnasium, and after he graduated, he moved to Prague. He studied law there, but simultaneously attended lectures of Zdeněk Nejedlý and F. X. Šalda at the Faculty of Arts. He was in close connection with the association of Czech avant-garde artists Devětsil. Wolker suffered of lung disease and died of tuberculosis at age 23.

## Work

* Host do domu (1921) - poetry
* Proletářské umění (1922)
* Těžká hodina (1922) - poetry, the book jacket of the first edition was created by the Czech painter Josef Čapek.
* Tři hry (1923) - plays, rather marginal meaning
* Do boje, lásko, leť
# Whitby, Western Australia

Whitby is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located near the South Western Highway in the Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale.
It is named after the nearby Whitby Falls, with the name approved for the locality in November 1988. Whitby Falls had previously been called in Noongar as Mundajill, but was renamed by settler Henry Mead in 1848, who bought property in the area for farming as the Whitby Falls estate. The land was subsequently bought by the government of Western Australia in 1897 and turned into the Whitby Falls Hospital for the mentally-ill. The hospital closed in 2006 as the longest operating facility in Western Australia for the care and treatment of mental illness.
# Gypsochares catharotes

Gypsochares catharotes is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is known from South Africa, India (Khasi Hills, Cherrapunji, Sikkim, Kumaon, Bhim Tal and Muktesar) and possibly Pakistan.
The wingspan is 13–14 millimetres (0.51–0.55 in).
# Rubeho

Rubeho is a town and ward in Gairo District in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania, East Africa. As of 2002, the population of the ward was 17,020. Prior to 2012, Rubeho was administered by Kilosa District.
The ward consists of a town, Rubeho, one large village, Masenge, and two rural agglomerates, Kwipipa and Kisitwi. Each of these has denominated rural areas or small villages under them.
| Rubeho | Masenge | Kwipipa | Kisitwi |
| Mjini (town) | Masenge | Chisiga | Ititu |
| Chamawe | Chinolo | Mkokani | Manyemba |
| Ikenje | Kishambo | Ofisini | Muheza |
| Kichangani / Jumbadimwe | | Shuleni | Shuleni |
# Övre Soppero

Övre Soppero (Swedish pronunciation:) is a locality situated in Kiruna Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden with 201 inhabitants in 2010.

## Climate

Climate data for Nedre Soppero V 1991−2020 (355m) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) | 6.7 (44.1) | 9.8 (49.6) | 15.8 (60.4) | 27.6 (81.7) | 29.8 (85.6) | 28.7 (83.7) | 27.4 (81.3) | 21.5 (70.7) | 12.5 (54.5) | 8.1 (46.6) | 6.5 (43.7) | 29.8 (85.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −8.9 (16.0) | −8.2 (17.2) | −3.0 (26.6) | 2.4 (36.3) | 8.4 (47.1) | 14.7 (58.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 15.7 (60.3) | 10.0 (50.0) | 1.9 (35.4) | −4.5 (23.9) | −6.8 (19.8) | 3.3 (38.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −13.7 (7.3) | −13.1 (8.4) | −8.1 (17.4) | −2.0 (28.4) | 4.3 (39.7) | 10.6 (51.1) | 13.8 (56.8) | 11.4 (52.5) | 6.1 (43.0) | −1.2 (29.8) | −8.2 (17.2) | −11.4 (11.5) | −1.0 (30.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −19.3 (−2.7) | −18.9 (−2.0) | −14.3 (6.3) | −7.5 (18.5) | −0.2 (31.6) | 6.2 (43.2) | 9.5 (49.1) | 7.2 (45.0) | 2.7 (36.9) | −4.2 (24.4) | −12.5 (9.5) | −16.5 (2.3) | −5.6 (21.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −48.9 (−56.0) | −42.6 (−44.7) | −39.9 (−39.8) | −32.7 (−26.9) | −19.3 (−2.7) | −1.1 (30.0) | 2.3 (36.1) | −1.8 (28.8) | −7.9 (17.8) | −22.8 (−9.0) | −34.3 (−29.7) | −39.1 (−38.4) | −48.9 (−56.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.5 (1.08) | 23.0 (0.91) | 21.6 (0.85) | 21.6 (0.85) | 39.5 (1.56) | 59.5 (2.34) | 81.0 (3.19) | 67.6 (2.66) | 47.4 (1.87) | 37.8 (1.49) | 35.3 (1.39) | 32.9 (1.30) | 494.6 (19.47) |
| Source: SMHI ||||||||||||||
# Roman Popov

Roman Popov may refer to:
* Roman Popov (footballer), Ukrainian footballer
* Roman Popov (ice hockey), Russian ice hockey player
# Lagos State Water Regulatory Commission

Lagos State Water Regulatory Commission (LASWARCO) is an agency of the Lagos state government under the supervision of the Lagos State Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources. The commission is a regulatory body empowered by "Lagos State Water Sector Law (LSWSL) 2004 and Lagos State Environmental Management Protection Law, 2017" to protect the long term interests of consumers by regulating the activities of individuals, businesses and companies involved in the production, treatment, packaging, distribution, sales, supply and use of water in the state. The commission ensures acceptable standard by curbing unwholesome water production and indiscriminate drilling of boreholes in Lagos state.
The commission began operation in 2012 with the mandate of protecting residents from unhygienic water consumption by ensuring water supply and wastewater management services are properly carried out in the Lagos State. The head office of LSWRC is located at the Lagos State Government secretariat, Ikeja, Lagos State.

## Sectors/companies

The commission regulates the activities of sector that use water as a basic raw material for production. The sectors are:
* Beverage companies
* Bottling companies
* Table water companies
* Sachet water companies

## Activities

* The commission shutdown 30 water factories for offence committed ranging from unhygienic production environment to failure to comply with regulatory manufacturing practices.
* The commission embarked on an awareness walk to sensitize Lagos residents on the need to value water, while celebrating World Water Day.
* Lagos State Water Regulatory Commission patterned with WaterAid Nigeria to ensure efficiency and improved services of the Water Sector in the state.
# Rabia Cirit

Rabia Cirit (born 16 April 1998) is a Turkish female para-athlete competing in the F41 disability class of shot put and discus throw events.

## Private life

Rabia Cirit was born in Malatya, Turkey on 16 April 1998.

## Sport career

Cirit began her sport career at Samsun Canik Belediyespor in 2016. In 2017, she was admitted to the Turkey national team.
She captured two gold medals, in the shot put F41 and discus throw F41 events, at the 2018 IPC World Para-Athletics Grand Prix Italian Open in Rieti. She won the silver medal in the shot put F41 event at the third leg of the 2021 World Para-Athletics Grand Prix held in Jesolo, Italy. She broke the European record with 8.14 m (26.7 ft) set on 17 April 2021, which belonged to Ana Gradecak from Croatia. At the 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships in Berlin, Germany, she took the bronze medal in the shot put F41 event . She won the silver medal in the shot put F41 event of the 2021 World Para Athletics European Championships in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
# Rupert Nongrum

Rupert Lamlang Nongrum (born 21 August 1996) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Real Kashmir in the I-League.

## Career
### Shillong Lajong

Born in Malki Meghalaya, Nongrum joined Shillong Lajong as a youth player in 2010. While with Lajong, Nongrum participated in the Subroto Cup with his high school team, Myngken Christian HSS. He eventually made it up to the under-19 team where he played for the club in the I-League U19. After good performances with the under-19 side, Nongrum was promoted to the reserve side for Shillong Lajong that participated and won the Shillong Premier League. He scored a brace for Lajong in the game that clinched the title for his club against Langsning on 29 November 2014.
His performance for the club in the Shillong Premier League earned Nongrum a promotion to the first-team. He made his senior debut for the club on 14 February 2015 in the I-League against Bengaluru FC. He started the match but could not prevent Shillong Lajong losing 2–0. On 21 January 2017, Rupert scored his first goal for Shillong Lajong against Minerva Punjab FC and won the match 2-1.

#### Delhi Dynamos (loan)

on 29 July 2016, ISL club Delhi Dynamos announced the signing of Rupert Nongrum on loan from Shillong Lajong. Rupert played as winger under head coach Gianluca Zambrotta in Delhi Dynamos entire season.

### ATK

On 23 July 2017, Nongrum has been picked up by Kolkata club ATK.

## International

Nongrum was called up to the India U19 side in 2013. He was in the India U19 for the 2014 AFC U-19 Championship Qualifiers and made his debut for India U19 against Uzbekistan by coming-on as 46th-minute substitute for Gurba Gagrai.

## Career statistics

    As of 29 December 2022
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | AFC | AFC | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Shillong Lajong | 2014–15 | I-League | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Shillong Lajong | 2015–16 | I-League | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 9 | 0 |
| Delhi Dynamos (Loan) | 2016 | Indian Super League | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Shillong Lajong | 2016–17 | I-League | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 12 | 1 |
| ATK | 2017–18 | Indian Super League | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 0 |
| NorthEast United | 2018–19 | Indian Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| NorthEast United | 2019–20 | Indian Super League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Roundglass Punjab | 2020–21 | I-League | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 2 |
| Roundglass Punjab | 2021–22 | I-League | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 2 |
| NorthEast United | 2022–23 | Indian Super League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 76 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 5 |

## Honours

Shillong Lajong
* Shillong Premier League: 2015
# PASD

PASD may refer to:
* Pinconning Area School District
* Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
* Phoenixville Area School District
* PAS diastase
* Sand Point Airport (ICAO location indicator: PASD), in Sand Point, Alaska, United States