OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vine weevil

The black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) is an insect native to Europe but common in North America as well. It is a pest of many garden plants.

## Overview

The adult weevil is matte black with fused wing covers, and is unable to fly. It feeds at night on the outer edges of leaves, causing the leaves to have a notched margin. Broadleaved evergreen plants such as Camellia, Rhododendron, Euonymus and Bergenia are particularly prone to damage, although a wide range of different garden plants are susceptible to attack.
Female weevils have the ability to reproduce parthenogenetically with fertilisation of eggs required to produce males, though no males have been observed. This form of parthenogenesis is known as thelytoky. Grubs grow up to 1 cm in length, have a slightly curved, legless body and are creamy white in colour with a tan-brown head. They live below the soil surface, and feed on roots and cambium at the base of trunks. They mostly cause damage to herbaceous plants, particularly those growing in containers, where root growth is restricted. Severe infestations can result in complete root destruction and hence plant death.

## Host plants

Their host plant genera include:
* Arisaema
* Acer
* Aster
* Astilbe
* Bergenia
* Camellia
* Echinacea
* Epimedium
* Euonymus
* Heuchera
* Hosta
* Kalmia
* Lilium
* Phlox
* Primula
* Rhododendron
* Saxifraga
* Sedum
* Syringa
* Taxus
* Tsuga
* Wisteria

## Controls

The soil dwelling grubs can be difficult to control with chemical insecticides, and products showing some efficacy, such as chlorpyrifos, have been withdrawn from many markets, especially garden centres. Besides their environmental benefits, certain 'cruiser' entomopathogenic nematode species (see below) have the additional capacity to search for their prey underground.
Adult weevils can be controlled by using sticky barriers on the trunks of affected plants, as the weevils return to the soil each day.
Adults can also be manually removed from plants at night when they can be found feeding on leaf edges. Use only a dim torch or candlelight to search by, as they will drop to the ground if startled by bright light.

### Biological controls

Larvae can be controlled using parasitic nematodes, for example Steinernema kraussei and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (a 'cruiser' species), which can be bought from some garden centres and by mail order. They are mixed with water and watered onto the soil.
Adults may also be controlled using products based on the fungi Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana.
# Viral: The Search for the Origin of COVID-19

Viral: The Search for the Origin of COVID-19 is a 2021 book by Canadian molecular biologist Alina Chan and British science writer Matt Ridley. The authors describe ongoing investigations into the origin of COVID-19. An updated version was published in June 2022.

## Reviews

The book has received mixed reviews. The Wall Street Journal's reviewer said the book has compiled "perhaps the most comprehensive case for the lab-leak theory currently available". Columnist Michael Hiltzik wrote in the Los Angeles Times that the authors "place[d] a conspiracy theory between hardcovers to masquerade as sober scientific inquiry." A review in The Times described it as concluding that the lab-leak hypothesis is "highly possible" rather than "definitely true". Writing in The Guardian, medical journalist Mark Honigsbaum considered the book's main argument to be unconvincing, and some of Chan and Ridley's descriptions to be "highly misleading". Author Steven Poole writing for the Daily Telegraph was unconvinced by the central thesis although he did support the authors in their plea to discontinue gain of function research.
# Viral (unreleased film)

Viral is an upcoming Indian Bollywood based on social media film, directed by Raaj Nadar and produced by Anand Kumar and Endemol India under the Anand Kumar Productions banner. The principal photography of the film began in February 2016.
Mandana Karimi and Raghav Juyal will be in female and male lead roles respectively. The first look of the film was released on 3 January 2015.

## Cast

* Mandana Karimi
* Raghav Juyal

## Plot

The film is about an anthology of stories about how technology and social networks has changed the lives of people.
# Virtual output queueing

Virtual output queueing (VOQ) is a technique used in certain network switch architectures where, rather than keeping all traffic in a single queue, separate queues are maintained for each possible output location. It addresses a common problem known as head-of-line blocking.

## Description

In VOQ, the physical buffer of each input port maintains a separate virtual queue for each output port. Therefore congestion on an egress port will block only the virtual queue for this particular egress port. Other packets in the same physical buffer destined to different (non-congested) output ports are in separate virtual queues and can therefore still be processed. In a traditional setup, the blocked packet for the congested egress port would have blocked the whole physical buffer, resulting in head-of-line blocking.
It has been shown that VOQ can achieve 100% throughput performance with an effective scheduling algorithm. This scheduling algorithm should be able to provide a high speed mapping of packets from inputs to outputs on a cycle-to-cycle basis. The VOQ mechanism provides throughput at a much higher rate than the crossbar switches without it.
There are many algorithms for design and implementation of fast VOQ. For example, Nick McKeown and a group at Stanford University published a design in 1997.
Quality of service and priority are extensions found in literature of the same time.
VOQ scheduling is often referred to as "arbitration" (resolving the concurrent access wishes), whereas the ordering of packets ("packet scheduling") is an additional task following the VOQ arbitration.
# Virtual newscaster

A virtual newscaster, or also called a virtual host, virtual presenter, virtual teleprompter or virtual anchor is a computer-generated character created for the purpose of reading forth news from a website. While Ananova is often credited to be the first virtual newscaster on the web, it went off-line in 2004. Delta Seven, created by Bruce C. Pippin, uses Microsoft Agent technology to deliver real-time changes in news, weather, sports and stock market quotes in less than seven minutes.
Advantages of having such a character on a website include that it has a more familiar effect on viewers. Also, as newscasters are typically coupled with an audio reading of any article they are featured on, visually impaired or illiterate persons can benefit from this method of information delivery.
# Vince Stevenson

Vincent Stevenson (March 1, 1884 – August 7, 1962) was an American football player. He played college football for the Penn Quakers in 1904 and 1905. In 1904, he earned All-American honors from Walter Camp, after leading his team to a 12–0 record, in which the Quakers outscored their opponents 222–4.
In 1906, Stevenson played professionally for the Canton Bulldogs of the "Ohio League". However, he was injured his knee in the third game of the season and was replaced at quarterback by Twister Steinberg – until he was relieved by Jack Hayden. Stevenson tried to recover and rejoin the team, however the medical consensus was for him to sit out the remainder of the season, so that the bone could heal properly. The injury prevented Stevenson from taking part in Canton's two-game series, against the rival Massillon Tigers, that would result in a scandal.
During the 1910s, he became a crewman on several trans-oceanic oil tankers. World War I was now taking place and these tankers were frequent targets for German U-boats. Although he was reported missing on several occasions, he always showed up unharmed in some distant port.
In 1949, while watching a game between Penn and Cornell, Stevenson proclaimed: "I don't like this two-platoon business," showing his favor having players play on both offense and defense. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1968.
# Vincent Luizzi

Vincent Luizzi is an American philosopher and Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Texas State University (1976-2022). He is known for his expertise in legal ethics and philosophy of law. Luizzi was longtime Chair of Philosophy at Texas State University (1982-2014). A member of the State Bar of Texas, he served as a municipal judge in San Marcos, Texas and as a magistrate in and for the State of Texas, 1983-2018.

## Books

* Appeal to the People’s Court: Rethinking Law, Adjudication, and Punishment, Brill, 2018.
* New and Old World Philosophy, with Audrey McKinney, Prentice Hall, 2001
* A Case for Legal Ethics: Legal Ethics as a Source for a Universal Ethic, with a foreword by John R. Silber, State University of New York Press, 1993.
* A Naturalistic Theory of Justice: Critical Commentary and Readings on C.I. Lewis's Ethics, University Press of America, 1981.
# Vincent Léotaud

Vincent Léotaud (1595–1672) was a French Jesuit mathematician.
In his work Examen circuli quadraturae he affirmed the impossibility of squaring the circle, against the opinion of Grégoire de Saint-Vincent.

## Works

* Examen circuli quadraturae (in Latin). Vol. 1. Lyon: Guillaume Barbier. 1654.
* Examen circuli quadraturae (in Latin). Vol. 2. Lyon: Guillaume Barbier. 1654.
* Institutionum arithmeticarum libri quatuor (in Latin). Lyon: Guillaume Barbier. 1660.
* Cyclomathia seu Multiplex circuli contemplatio, tribus libris comprehensa (in Latin). Lyon: Benoit Coral. 1663.
* Magnetologia; in qua exponitur noua de magneticis philosophia (in Latin). Lyon: Laurent Anisson. 1668.
# Viva! (organisation)

Viva! (formerly Vegetarians' International Voice for Animals) is a British animal rights group, which focuses on promoting veganism. It was founded by Juliet Gellatley in 1994. Viva! carries out undercover investigations to expose the abuse of factory farmed animals and produces information on how to go vegan, including recipes and shopping guides. It is a registered charity.

## Overview

Viva! is an animal rights' campaigning organisation, working on issues such as factory farming and slaughter and is based in Bristol, with a branch office in Poland. Campaigns include End Factory Farming, Eat Green, Foie-Gras free Britain, Exotic Meat, Ban the Farrowing Crate, Dark Side of Dairy and youth campaigns including The Big Coverup. Campaigns in 2018 included an investigation into Hogwood Pig Farm in Warwickshire, and Scary Dairy's "Trash" campaign, highlighting the dairy industry's forgotten victims: male calves.

## Events

Following on from its success with the former biannual national "Incredible Vegan Roadshow" in London, Viva! now organises six annual festivals across the UK designed to help people become vegetarian or vegan. These are: Bristol Viva! Vegan Festival, Cardiff Viva! Vegan Festival, Swansea Viva! Vegan Festival, Stockport Viva! Vegan Festival, Birmingham Viva! Vegan Festival and Coventry Viva! Vegan Festival. Viva! also do a number of outreach events each year to raise awareness and support of its current campaigns.

## Celebrity endorsement

Viva! enjoys the patronage of numerous entertainers, including Martin Shaw, Heather Mills, Michael Mansfield KC, Jerome Flynn, Hayley Mills and Stella McCartney.

## In the press

In 2009, Viva! criticised supermarket chain Tesco for turning 5,000 tonnes of meat that had passed its sell-by date into electricity by burning it to avoid wasting the meat. Viva! argued converting out-of-date meat into heat with CO$_2$ as byproduct was not environmentally sustainable, but Tesco defended its decision.
In 2012, Viva! stated that it favoured the development of cultured meat. "Certainly, with over 950 million land animals slaughtered in the UK each year, and the vast majority of them factory farmed in awful conditions, anything that saves animals from suffering is to be welcomed," former Viva! spokesman and campaign manager Justin Kerswell said, adding that individuals should make up their own mind on whether or not they would consume it themselves, because 'vegetarianism and veganism aren't religions'.
In 2022, Viva! ran a TV advert which showed a couple ordering pulled pork takeaway from a company called "Just Meat." When the takeaway arrives, it is a live piglet delivered with a meat cleaver.
# Vivian V. Simpson

Vivian V. Simpson (1903 – 1987) was an American lawyer. She was the first female lawyer in Montgomery County, the first woman elected president of the Montgomery County Bar Association, and the first female Secretary of State of Maryland.

## Biography

Simpson was born in 1903 in Washington, D.C., and grew up in Takoma Park, Maryland, where she would graduate from the high school. She studied teaching at the University of Maryland, but soon became involved in a scandal over misconduct by school faculty. In the ensuing trouble, the university blocked Simpson's reentry, and she subsequently sued. The Maryland Court of Appeals, decided the case Woods V. Simpson against Simpson, and she subsequently transferred to George Washington University, where she would obtain a B.A. in 1925. She later graduated with honors from the George Washington University Law School after two years. After graduation, she opened a solo law practice in Rockville, Maryland, becoming the first woman to practice law in Montgomery County.
In 1938, Simpson became a member of the Board of County Commissioners in Montgomery, Maryland, and became the first woman attorney there. Herbert O'Conor appointed her to the State Industrial Accident Commission of Maryland, the first woman to serve on the commission. In 1949, she was both the first woman elected president of the Montgomery County Bar Association, and became the first woman to be appointed Secretary of State of Maryland. After a year however, she resigned, saying "I don't like to be at other people's beck and call, I'm too independent for that".
The Distinguished Alumni Achievement Award from George Washington University was given to her in 1950. Nine years later, Simpson was the vice-president of the Maryland State Bar Association, and later on the Judicial Appointments Committee. George Washington University also gave her a Professional Achievement Award in 1959. She retired in 1980, and died in August 1987. The Maryland Bar Association posthumously named her one of the twenty "Lawyers of the Century" in Montgomery County.
# Vivian Zapata

Vivian Zapata was selected as the official artist of the 6th Annual Latin Grammy Awards held in Los Angeles CA.
Zapata's artwork was used as the official image for the event.
# Viviane Baladi

Viviane Baladi (born 23 May 1963) is a mathematician who works as a director of research at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) in France. Originally Swiss, she has become a naturalized citizen of France. Her research concerns dynamical systems.

## Education and career

Baladi earned master's degrees in mathematics and computer science in 1986 from the University of Geneva. She stayed in Geneva for her doctoral studies, finishing a Ph.D. in 1989 under the supervision of Jean-Pierre Eckmann, with a dissertation concerning the zeta functions of dynamical systems.
She worked at CNRS beginning in 1990, with a leave of absence from 1993 to 1999 when she taught at ETH Zurich and the University of Geneva. She also spent a year as a professor at the University of Copenhagen in 2012–2013.

## Books

She is the author of the book Positive Transfer Operators and Decay of Correlation (Advanced Series in Nonlinear Dynamics 16, World Scientific, 2000) and of Dynamical Zeta Functions and Dynamical Determinants for Hyperbolic Maps: A Functional Approach (Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete 68, Springer, 2018).

## Recognition

She was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2014, speaking in the section on "Dynamical Systems and Ordinary Differential Equations". She became a member of the Academia Europaea in 2018. Baladi was awarded the CNRS Silver Medal in 2019.
# Vladimir Evzerov

Vladimir Eduardovich Evzerov (Russian: Владимир Эдуардович Евзеров), born on February 19, 1954, is a Russian music composer, Singer. Meritorious Artist of Russia (2004).

## Biography

Vladimir Evzerov was born on February 19, 1954, in Cherkasy, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union.
As a composer famous was only after meeting with Valery Leontiev, who began to perform his songs. In reperutare Leontiev more than 30 songs of Evzerov. Subsequently, Evzerov songs into the repertoire of artists such as Joseph Kobzon, Sofia Rotaru, Nikolai Baskov, Philip Kirkorov, Nikolai Karachentsov, Lyubov Uspenskaya, Aziza, Vadim Kozachenko, Tamara Gverdtsiteli, Vitas, Efim Shifrin, Ekaterina Shavrina, Nadezda Krigina, Mark Tishman, Turetsky Choir, Soprano10, Irina Dubcova, Eugene Diatlov, Ugine Eugene, Eugene Onegin, Alexander Rublev, Anna Reznikova. In addition, Vladimir Evzerov himself performs his own songs, cooperating with Nikolai Denisov, Nikolai Zinoviev, Igor Kokhanovsky Alikhanov Sergey, Yuri Baladzharovym, Maria Shemyakova, Piotr Kuznetsov and other poets.
# Vlad Nistor (politician)

Vlad Nistor is a Romanian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the National Liberal Party (PNL).
# Voiced labiodental affricate

The voiced labiodental affricate ([b̪͡v] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a voiced labiodental stop [b̪] and released as a voiced labiodental fricative [v].

## Features

Features of the voiced labiodental affricate:
* Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
* There are two variants of the stop component:
** bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips. The affricate with this stop component is called bilabial-labiodental.
** labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
* The fricative component of this affricate is labiodental, articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
* Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
* It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
* It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
* Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

## Occurrence

| Language | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
| Chinese | Teochew | 未來 bhuê$^7$ lai$^5$ | [b̪͡vue꜔꜔ lai˥˥] | 'future' | Allophone of /b/ before /u/ in Chaoyang dialect |
| English | Some speakers | invent | [ɪɱˈb̪͡vent] | 'invent' | Allophone of /v/ after nasal consonants for some speakers. Usually occurs in fast and/or casual speech. |
| English | Some speakers | obvious | [ˈɑˌb̪͡viˌəs] | 'obvious' | Occasional pronunciation of a /bv/ or /pv/ consonant cluster. |
| Italian | Some central-south dialects | in vetta | [iɱˈb̪͡vet̪t̪ä] | 'at the top' | Labiodental; allophone of /v/ after nasals. See Italian phonology |
| Luxembourgish | Luxembourgish | Kampf am Ënnergrond | [ˈkʰɑmb͡v ɑm ˈənɐɡʀont] | 'underground battle' | Allophone of a word-final /pf/ before a word-initial vowel. Occurs only in German loanwords. See Luxembourgish phonology |
| Ngiti | Ngiti | abvɔ | [āb̪͡vɔ̄] | 'thorny vine' | Less commonly [b͡β] |
| Sopvoma (Mao) | Sopvoma (Mao) | bvóthà | [b̪͡vótʰà] | 'kill by goring' | Distinct from the voiced labiodental fricative [v]. |
| Tsonga | XiNkuna dialect | shilebvu | [ʃileb̪͡vu] | 'chin' | |
# Vodafone Ltd v British Telecommunications Plc

Vodafone Ltd v British Telecommunications Plc is an EU law case relevant for UK enterprise law, concerning telecommunications.

## Facts

Vodafone argued that Ofcom should not subject it to price controls. Ofcom had found that Vodafone had significant market power in their networks for mobile call termination (a caller on one network is connected to a mobile recipient on another network). It capped Vodafone's charges for wholesale service of mobile call termination for four years, reducing average charges gradually. BT appealed to the CAT, arguing the price controls were set too high. The CAT referred to the Competition Commission. The Tribunal found before that under the Communications Act 2003 section 195 it could direct Ofcom to reset price controls for a four-year period. It was argued that the CAT had no such power when a period had already elapsed.

## Judgment

Lloyd LJ, Moore-Bick LJ and Richards LJ held the Competition Appeal Tribunal had no power to direct Ofcom to impose revised price controls on a retrospective basis. Under CA 2003 section 195(5) it was clear there was no power to direct Ofcom to do something it would otherwise have no power to do. Under section 45(10)(e) Ofcom had the power to revoke or modify conditions that were in force, but that did not include a power to modify a condition with retrospective effect.
# Vojtěch Kučera

Vojtěch Kučera (born 19 January 1975 in Třinec, in the Czech Republic) is a Czech poet and literary editor. He studied geography at the Faculty of Science of the Masaryk University in Brno. He is a longtime editor-in-chief of the poetry magazine Weles.

## Works
### Poetry

* Nehybnost on-line 2008 & 2009; MaPa, Brno 2010
* A hudba? Host, Brno 2005
* Samomluvy Vetus Via, Brno 2000
# Vonny Cornellya

Vonny Cornellya Permatasari known as Vonny Cornelia (born in Bogor, West Java 14 August 1979) is an Indonesian actress. Vonny once known as a member of the vocal group Bening.

## Karier
### Early career

Vonny began her career as a model when she was selected as a cover girl for Mode magazine in 1992.

### Bening

In 1997, together with three fellow models, Dewi Murniaty, Ditasiani Oktovie and Vera Soedibyo, Vonny joined the vocal group Bening. Under the guidance of Yovie Widianto, Is Dody, and Carlo Saba of Jasmine Trias, Bening released their first album in 1997 titled "No Love".

### Soap operas

Vonny has appeared in multiple soap operas, including Let One Speak, Kemuning, Lady Luck, Appoint One Star, Ali & Sevira, The Lovers, One Ring Two Loves, and Time Keeps On Going. She also featured in the film "Between Me, Piano, and Your Poem" (2005).

## Cinemography
### Films

* Antara Aku, Piano, dan Puisimu (2005)
* Mengaku Rasul (2008)

### Soap operas

* Biarkan Orang Bicara (1995)
* Kemuning (1998)
* Hanya Kamu (1999)
* Dewi Fortuna (2000)
* Waktu Terus Berjalan (2000)
* Tunjuk Satu Bintang (2001)
* Terang Milikku Juga (2002&2004)
* Sebatas Impian (2005)
* Satu Cincin Dua Cinta (2006)
* Senyum Mba Yum
* Kasmaran
* 3 Pengantin Untuk Ayahku
* Cinta dan Anugerah
* Kejora dan Bintang
* Putri Yang Ditukar (2010)
* Yusra dan Yumna
* Yang Masih Dibawah Umur (2012)
* Akibat Pernikahan Dini
* Putri Nomor 1 (2013)

### FTV

* Pacarin Aku dong Mba
* Sebening Airmata Ibu
* Tante,I'm Sorry

## Discography
### Albums

* Ada Cinta (There is Love)
* Romantisme (Romanticism)

### Single

* Apa Yang Kaurasakan (What do you feel)
* Disisi Dirimu (Hand Love )( duet with Congq Perwira )
# Vordorf

Vordorf is a municipality in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a member municipality of the Samtgemeinde Papenteich. The Municipality Vordorf includes the villages of Eickhorst, Rethen and Vordorf.

## Municipal Council

The council of the Municipality Vordorf consists of 15 councilmen and woman:
* CDU 8 mandates (-1)
* SPD 6 mandates (-)
* FDP 1 mandate (+1)
(Status: community election 10 September 2006 with a voter participation of 59,23%)

## Language

In former times the everyday speech of Vordorf was an Eastphalian Papenteich Low Saxon dialect, whereas the speech in school and church was Standard German. Nowadays Standard German has displaced the dialect mostly.