OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pleasanton Township, Michigan

Pleasanton Township is a civil township of Manistee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 870 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

The township is in northern Manistee County and is bordered to the north by Benzie County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.4 square miles (92 km$^2$), of which 33.5 square miles (87 km$^2$) are land and 1.9 square miles (4.9 km$^2$), or 5.36%, are water. Bear Lake is on the southern border of the township.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 817 people, 344 households, and 249 families residing in the township. The population density was 24.3 per square mile (9.4/km$^2$). There were 623 housing units at an average density of 18.6 per square mile (7.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.02% White, 0.12% Native American, 0.12% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.96% of the population.
There were 344 households, out of which 23.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.72.
In the township, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $33,977, and the median income for a family was $36,406. Males had a median income of $30,313 versus $21,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,450. About 10.8% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.1% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Jomda County

Jomda County (Tibetan: འཇོ་མདའ་རྫོང་; Chinese: 江达县) is a county of the Chamdo Prefecture in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

## Administrative divisions

Jomda is divided in 2 towns and 11 townships.
| Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie |
| Town |||||
| Jomda Town | 江达镇 | Jiāngdá zhèn | འཇོ་མདའ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | ʼjo mdaʼ grong rdal |
| Gamtog Town | 岗托镇 | Gǎngtuō zhèn | སྐམ་ཐོག་གྲོང་རྡལ། | skam thog grong rdal |
| Townships |||||
| Kargang Township | 卡贡乡 | Kǎgòng xiāng | མཁར་སྒང་ཤང་། | mkhar sgang shang |
| Üpäl Township | 岩比乡 | Yánbǐ xiāng | ཨུད་དཔལ་ཤང་། | ud dpal shang |
| Qongkor Township | 邓柯乡 | Dèngkē xiāng | ཆོས་འཁོར་ཤང་། | chos 'khor shang |
| Sibda Township | 生达乡 | Shēngdá xiāng | སྲིབ་མདའ་ཤང་། | srib mda' shang |
| Nyaxi Township | 娘西乡 | Niángxī xiāng | ཉ་གཤིས་ཤང་། | nya gshis shang |
| Zigar Township | 字呷乡 | Zìgā xiāng | རྫི་སྒར་ཤང་། | rdzi sgar shang |
| Qu'nyido Township | 青泥洞乡 | Qīngnídòng xiāng | ཆུ་གཉེས་མདོ་ཤང་། | chu gnyes mdo shang |
| Woinbodoi Township | 汪布顶乡 | Wāngbùdǐng xiāng | དབོན་པོ་སྟོད་ཤང་། | dbon po stod shang |
| Dêrdoin Township | 德登乡 | Dédēng xiāng | གཏེར་སྟོན་ཤང་། | gter ston shang |
| Tongpu Township | 同普乡 | Tóngpǔ xiāng | གདོང་ཕུ་ཤང་། | gdong phu shang |
| Bolo Township | 波罗乡 | Tóngpǔ xiāng | སྤོ་ལོ་ཤང་། | spo lo shang |

## Transport

* China National Highway 317
# Planosol

A Planosol in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources is a soil with a light-coloured, coarse-textured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. In the US Soil Classification of 1938 used the name Planosols, whereas its successor, the USDA soil taxonomy, includes most Planosols in the Great Groups Albaqualfs, Albaquults and Argialbolls.

## Occurrence

These soils are typically in seasonally waterlogged flat lands. They occur mainly in subtropical and temperate, semi-arid and subhumid regions. Planosols are formed mostly in clayey alluvial and colluvial deposits. Geological stratification and/or a pedogenetic process of destruction and removal of clay has resulted in the relatively coarse-textured, light-coloured surface soil abruptly overlying finer textured subsoil; impeded downward percolation of water causes temporarily reducing conditions with a stagnic colour pattern, at least close to the abrupt textural change.

### Geography

Planosols cover an estimated 130 million hectares of the world. Major areas with Planosols occur in subtropical and temperate regions with clear alternation of wet and dry seasons, as in South America (Uruguay, northeastern Argentina, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, the Brazilian pampa, the Pantanal mato-grossense and northeastern Brazil), Africa (Sahelian zone, East and Southern Africa), the east of the United States of America, Southeast Asia (Bangladesh and Thailand), and Australia.

## Ecology

Planosols in their natural state support a sparse grass vegetation, often with scattered shrubs and trees that have shallow root systems that can cope with temporary waterlogging. Agricultural land use on is normally less intensive than that on most other soils under the same climate conditions. Vast areas of Planosols are used for extensive grazing. Wood production on Planosols is much lower than on other soils under the same conditions.

## Agriculture

In the temperate zone these soils are mainly in grass or planted to crops such as wheat and sugar beet. Yields are modest even on drained and deeply loosened soils. Root development on natural unmodified Planosols is hindered severely by oxygen deficiency in wet periods, dense subsoil and, in places, by toxic levels of Al in the rootzone. Planosols in Southeast Asia are widely planted with paddy rice. Other crops met with little success. Fertilizers are needed for good yields. In climates with long dry periods and short infrequent wet spells the best land use are grasslands. Strongly developed Planosols with a very silty or sandy surface soil are best left untouched.
# Plasmodium diploglossi

Plasmodium diploglossi is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Sauramoeba. As in all Plasmodium species, P. diploglossi has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.

## Taxonomy

The parasite was first described by Aragio and Neiva in 1909. It is the type species of the subgenus Sauramoeba.

## Description

Pigment does not occupy a distinct vacuole but may be clumped.
The large schizonts considerably enlarge the host erythrocyte and may completely encircle the host cell nucleus.
The mature gametocytes are broad.
Like the schizonts, the gametocytes may almost encircle the host cell nucleus.
A small cytoplasmic vacuole may be present in some gametocytes.

## Distribution

This species is found in eastern Panama.

## Hosts

This species infects the anguid lizard Diploglossus fasciatus and Mabuya mabouya.
# Platypterna

Platypterna is an ichnogenus of dinosaur footprint.
# Platypterocarpus

Platypterocarpus tanganyikensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae. It is a tree endemic endemic to the West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, where it grows 13 to 27 meters tall. It is the sole species in genus Platypterocarpus.
It grows in the transition zone between wet and dry Afromontane forest from 1500 to 1900 meters elevation, where it is fairly common in Podocarpus–Juniperus–Ocotea forest on grey sandy soil.
# Point, Texas

Point is a city in Rains County, Texas, United States. The population was 745 at the 2020 census.

## History

Settled circa 1880 as a flag station on a section of the Missouri–Kansas–Texas (MKT) Railroad being built from Mineola to Greenville, the name submitted for a post office was initially Rice's Point, in honor of early area settler William Rice. When that was rejected, the name Point was accepted. By 1890, the community had an estimated population of fifty, a public school, and four churches. Ten men, led by newspaperman Isaac Newton Gresham, met in Point on August 28, 1902, and signed a charter to establish the Farmers' Educational and Cooperative Union of America. The organization went national in 1905 and had a million members by 1908. In 1913, Point established the first independent school district in Rains County. The number of residents had risen to around 600 in 1914. The Great Depression severely impacted the community, leading to a rapid decline in population and the number of businesses in Point. The paving of U.S. Route 69 in the early 1940s bolstered the population to approximately 420, but that figure had again declined to 350 by the end of that decade. The MKT line was abandoned in the mid-1950s. In 1957, the Iron Bridge Dam was constructed on the Sabine River to form Lake Tawakoni. When the lake reached its fullest extent in 1960, it was only four miles from Point. Point was incorporated as a city in 1966. Development along the shores of Lake Tawakoni eventually became a separate community, East Tawakoni, which incorporated in 1967. Point's population was 419 in 1970 and slowly grew, due to a combination of tourism and its role as a local agricultural trade center. The 1990 census reported 645 residents living in the city and 792 in 2000.

## Geography

Point is situated at the junction of U.S. Route 69 and Farm Roads 47 and 514 in northwestern Rains County, approximately eight miles northwest of Emory and sixty miles east of Dallas.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.78 square miles (7.2 km$^2$), of which 2.76 square miles (7.1 km$^2$) is land.

### Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Point has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

## Demographics

Point racial composition as of 2020 (NH = Non-Hispanic) :
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| White (NH) | 632 | 84.83% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 7 | 0.94% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 8 | 1.07% |
| Asian (NH) | 3 | 0.4% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 3 | 0.4% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 25 | 3.36% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 67 | 8.99% |
| Total | 745 | |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 745 people, 342 households, and 260 families residing in the city.

## Education

The City of Point is served by the Rains Independent School District.
# Jonathan Brown

Jon or Jonathan Brown may refer to:

## Sports
### Football
#### Association football

* Jonathan Brown (English footballer) (1893–1918), English left half
* Jonathan Brown (Scottish footballer) (born 1990), Scottish defender (Hearts, Livingston, Stirling)
* Jonathan Brown (Welsh footballer) (born 1990), Welsh winger

#### Other football variants

* Jon Brown (American football) (born 1992), NFL placekicker
* Jonathan Brown (gridiron football) (born 1975), American defensive lineman in NFL, CFL and AFL
* Jonathan Brown (Australian footballer) (born 1981), AFL centre half-forward

### Other sports

* Jon Brown (rower) (born 1968), American Olympian
* Jon Brown (runner) (born 1971), British-Canadian Olympian

## Others

* Jonathan Brown (art historian) (1939–2022), American expert on painter Diego Velázquez
* Jonathan David Brown (1955–2016), American record producer and audio engineer
* Jonathan Brown (cinematographer), American cinematographer and television director
* Jonathan A. C. Brown (born 1977), American Muslim scholar at Georgetown University
* Jonathan Daniel Brown (born 1989), American actor and director
# Jonathan Leavitt

Jonathan Leavitt (1764–1830) was a Greenfield, Massachusetts attorney, judge, state senator and businessman for whom the architect Asher Benjamin designed the Leavitt House, now the Leavitt-Hovey House on Main Street, in 1797.
Leavitt was born in Walpole, New Hampshire, but was raised in Greenfield, where his father Rev. Jonathan Leavitt served as a Congregational minister. Leavitt attended Yale College, taught school in New Haven, and then achieved early prominence as a lawyer in Greenfield. He subsequently served as chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1812, and Judge of Probate from 1814 to 1821. Leavitt used the west wing of the Leavitt-Hovey house for his business activities. He was a founder and first president of The Franklin Bank of Greenfield in 1822.
Leavitt was also known for his legal writings, especially in probate law, as well as his "Summary of the Laws of Massachusetts, Relative to the Settlement, Support, Employment and Removal of Paupers", published in Greenfield in 1810. He also published two small volumes on religion.
Leavitt married Emelia Stiles, daughter of President Ezra Stiles of Yale College, for whom today's Ezra Stiles College at Yale is named. Rev. Jonathan Leavitt, Leavitt's father, was also a graduate of Yale and a native of Suffield, Connecticut. Rev. Leavitt's wife was Sarah Hooker, great-great-granddaughter of the Rev. Thomas Hooker, New England divine and chief founder of the Colony of Connecticut.
Members of the Leavitt family became prominent in nearby Charlemont and Heath, and were noted for their abolitionist activities. (Rev. Joshua Leavitt, born in nearby Heath, Massachusetts, was a member of this family.) Leavitt's household had three African-American servants, and on the death of her father Ezra Stiles Mrs. Leavitt inherited her father's two elderly slaves Newport and his wife Nabby.
Leavitt died in Greenfield in 1830. He and the former Emelia Stiles had four daughters, including Sarah Hooker Leavitt, Mary Hooker Leavitt, Emilia Stiles Leavitt (later Mrs. E. T. Foote), and a son Jonathan, who died in 1821 while attending Yale College, an event that threw his father into profound depression. In 1822 his sister compiled a memoir devoted to her brother entitled "Memoir of Jonathan Leavitt, a Member of the Junior Class in Yale College, who Died at New-Haven the 10th of May, 1821, Aged 18 Years." The book, whose author was described as "a sister", was published by S. Converse in New Haven in 1822.
# Jorge Montenegro

Jorge Montenegro may refer to:
* Jorge Montenegro (shot putter) (born 1968), Cuban shot putter
* Jorge Luis Montenegro (born 1988), Ecuadorian cyclist
* Jorge Martín Montenegro (born 1983), Argentine cyclist
# Johnny, You're Wanted (TV series)

Johnny, You're Wanted is a British television series which originally aired on BBC in 6 episodes between 7 November and 12 December 1953. In 1956 it was adapted into a film of the same title also starring Slater.

## Cast

* John Slater as Johnny (6 episodes)
* Joan Newell as Joan (6 episodes)
* Tom Clegg as Trunker (5 episodes)
* Herbert Smith as Old Moore (4 episodes)
* Theodore Bikel as Ferrari (4 episodes)
* Martin Wyldeck as Inspector Markham (4 episodes)
* John Boulter as Detective Sergeant (4 episodes)
* Elspet Gray as Beryl (3 episodes)
* Joan Young as Matron (3 episodes)
* William Franklyn as Dr. Matthews (3 episodes)
* Jack Newmark as Solomon (3 episodes)
* Diana Graves as Sonia (2 episodes)
* Frank Hawkins as Mac (2 episodes)
* Lind Joyce as Cabaret Singer (2 episodes)
* Frederick Wheldon as Maitre d'Hotel (2 episodes)
* Arthur Lovegrove as Sid (1 episode)
* Jacqueline Squire as Peggy (1 episode)
* Reginald Hearne as Police Sergeant (1 episode)
* Kenneth Cope as Police Constable (1 episode)
* John Vere as Tobacconist (1 episode)
* Olivia Burleigh as Lady Stoke 1 episode)
* Noel Davis as Motor Mechanic (1 episode)
* Alec Finter asStage-Door Keeper (1 episode)
# Jones County

Jones County is the name of six counties in the United States:
* Jones County, Georgia
* Jones County, Iowa
* Jones County, Mississippi
* Jones County, North Carolina
* Jones County, South Dakota
* Jones County, Texas
It was also the former name of two Alabama counties:
* Lamar County, Alabama. Established as Jones County on February 4, 1867, re-established as Sanford County on October 8, 1868, and renamed Lamar County on February 8, 1877.
* Covington County, Alabama. Renamed Jones County on August 6, 1868, the original name of Covington was restored on October 10, 1868.
# Jon Paul Scott

Jon Paul Scott is an American Christian minister and academic administrator. He is principal of Nazarene Theological College of Central Africa in Lilongwe, Malawi, affiliated with the Church of the Nazarene. In 1969, he graduated from Olivet Nazarene University with a BS in Business Administration.
# Poly Sci (disambiguation)

Poly Sci is a 1998 album by John Forté.
Poly Sci may also refer to:
# Polygonella robusta

Polygonella robusta, also known as Polygonum nesomii, is a shrubby perennial flowering plant in the buckwheat (Polygonaceae) family. It is endemic to the U.S. state of Florida where it is a member of the sandhill plant community. Common names for it include largeflower jointweed and sandhill wireweed. P. robusta produces an abundance of flowers that are surrounded by papery bracts which range in color from white and light pink to deep rose. After flowering, usually in October, the plant maintains a rosette of basal foliage through the winter.
# Joost Cornelisz Droochsloot

Joost Cornelisz Droochsloot or Droogsloot (1586 – May 14, 1666), was a Dutch painter of village scenes, landscapes, genre pictures, moral allegories and biblical stories.

## Biography

Droochsloot was born and died in Utrecht. He became a member of the Utrecht Guild of Saint Luke in 1616. He later became deacon of the guild in 1623 and regent of the St. Jobs Gasthuis in 1638, deacon of the Dutch Reformed church, and in 1665 officer of the Utrecht schutterij.
He was the father and teacher of the painter Cornelis Droochsloot (1630–1673) whose paintings are hard to distinguish from his own, and the teacher of Jacob Duck.

## Work

Joost Cornelisz Droochsloot was a versatile painter who was known for his village scenes, landscapes, genre pictures, moral allegories and biblical stories. His early works reflects the influence of Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Pieter Brueghel the Younger, David Vinckboons and Esaias van de Velde. He stood in the tradition of Flemish landscape painting, particular of the village scenes as developed by Pieter Brueghel the Elder. His village scenes usually depict a broad village street leading into the distance and houses on both sides. The villages are populated with crowds of coarse peasant figures, dispersed somewhat at random. These figures are individualised and depicted in expressive poses. Droochsloot paid a lot of attention to the details in his compositions. His village scenes often carried a moral message. He had a preference for a reddish-brown palette.
The early Dutch artist biographer Arnold Houbraken recounts that Droochsloot's scenes of village kermisses (Boerekermisstuk) were as popular as flower pieces by Bartholomeus Assteyn.
He used the monogram "JCODS".
# Polynemus multifilis

Polynemus multifilis, the elegant paradise fish is a species of ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which is found in rivers in southeast Asia.

## Description

Polynemus multifilis is a medium-sized species of threadfin which attains a maximum standard length of 28 centimetres (11 in). It has a pointed snout and the dorsal profile of the head is almost straight, There are two separate dorsal fins, the first dorsal fin contains 8 spines which are all of a similar thickness at their bases and the second dorsal fin has a single spine and 14-16 soft rats. The anal fin contains 3 spines and 11 to 13 soft rays and its base is shorter than that of the second dorsal fin. The pectoral fin has 14-16 unbranched soft rays and its tip reaches the origin of the anal fin. There are normally fourteen, rarely thirteen or fifteen, pectoral filaments on each side of the body and the count on each side is not necessarily symmetrical. The longest of these are longer than the total length of the fish. The lateral line contains 83-99 pored scales and is simple, it starts at the upper margin of the gill slit and extends to the middle of the caudal fin. The caudal fin is deeply forked but neither lobe bears any filaments. The upper head and upper body are dark purplish-blue and below this the fish is silver in colour. The bases of the dorsal, anal and caudal fins are greyish white while the forward margin of the pelvic fin white. The remaining parts of these fins are semi-transparent as is the pectoral fin.The pectoral filaments are white.

## Distribution

Polynemus multifilis has been recorded from the Chao Phraya River system in Thailand, the Musi and Batanghari rivers in southeastern Sumatra, Indonesia, and on Borneo in the Sampit and Barito rivers in southern Kalimantan, Indonesia. This species is absent from the Kapuas River where the endemic Polynemus kapuasensis appears to replace it.

## Habitat and biology

Polynemus multifilis is found in freshwater rivers where there is a sandy or muddy substrate. It is a carnivorous species which preys on crustaceans, small fishes and benthic invertebrates.

## Fisheries

Polynemus multifilis is highly regarded as a food fish, especially in Thailand. It is also caught for export to Japan as an ornamental fish.

## Species description

Polynemus multifilis was first formally described in 1843 by Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Hermann Schlegel with the type locality being given as near Banjarmasin on Borneo.
# Polynesia (moth)

Polynesia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. Species are found throughout India, Sri Lanka and Andaman Islands.

## Description

Palpi slender, obliquely upturned, and reaching vertex of head. Antennae of male minutely ciliated. Hind tibia of male with a terminal pair of small spurs. Female with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with vein 3 from close to angle of cell. Vein 6 from or from above angle of cell. Veins 7,8,9,10 and 11 stalked from upper angle, or with a minute areole at their base. Hindwings with the outer margin produced to points at veins 7 and 4. The cell very short. Veins 3,4 and 6,7 on long stalks. Vein 5 from above middle of discocellulars. Vein 8 form close to end of cell, and then much curved.

## Species

* Polynesia curtitibia Prout, 1922
* Polynesia sunandava (Walker, 1861)
* Polynesia truncapex Swinhoe, 1892