OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rating

A rating is an evaluation or assessment of something, in terms of quality, quantity, or some combination of both.
Rating or rating system may also refer to:

## Business and economics

* Credit rating, estimating the credit worthiness of an individual, corporation or country
* Ranally city rating system, a tool used to classify U.S. cities based on economic function
* Telecommunications rating, the calculated cost of a phone call

## Entertainment

* Arbitron ratings or Nielsen Audio, consumer research on radio broadcasting audiences in the United States
* Content rating, the suitability of a TV broadcast, movie, comic book, or video game to its audience
** Motion picture rating system, categorizes films according to their suitability for adults and children
** Television content rating systems, categorizes TV shows based on suitability for audiences
** Video game content rating system, categorizes video games based on suitability for players
* Audience measurement
** Nielsen ratings, measuring viewership of United States television programs
* Sports rating system, analyzes the results of sports competitions

## Polling and opinion

* Approval rating, the share of respondents to an opinion poll who approve of a politician
** United States presidential approval ratings
* Cardinal voting systems, where candidates for office are assigned scores ("ratings") independently from each other
** Approval voting, a voting system that elects the candidate with the highest approval ratings
* Rating (sociological group), a Ukrainian non-governmental polling organization
* Reputation system, programs that allow users to rate each other in online communities

## Technology and engineering

* Rating (electrical), the voltage at which the appliance is designed to work
* Fire-resistance rating, the duration for a passive fire protection to withstand a standard fire resistance test
* Cetane rating, an indicator of the combustion speed of diesel fuel and compression needed for ignition
* Octane rating, a standard measure of the performance of an engine or aviation fuel
* Performance Rating, formerly a method of comparing x86 computer processors
* Power rating, in electrical or mechanical engineering, the highest power input allowed to flow through particular equipment

## Other uses

* Rating (chess), estimate of the strength of a player, based on performance versus other players
** Elo rating system, a rating system used in chess and in other sports and games
* Rating (clinical trials), the process by which a human evaluator subjectively judges the response of a patient to a medical treatment
* Rating (wine), score assigned by one or more wine critics to a wine
* Rating site, a website designed for users to vote on or rate people or content
* Naval rating, an enlisted member of a navy or coast guard defined by rank and job description.
* Health care ratings, evaluations of health care
* Rating system of the Royal Navy - an historic method to classify ship by how heavily armed they are. Applied to other navies vessels as a comparisor.
# Rudder v Microsoft Corp.

Rudder v Microsoft Corp. [1999] OJ No 3778 (Sup Ct J). is an Ontario Superior Court case that is the leading decision on clickwrap licenses and forum selection clauses in Canada.

## Background

Rudder brought a class action on behalf of MSN subscribers in Canada for, among other things, improperly charging MSN subscriber's credit cards violating the terms of the contract.
Microsoft filed to dismiss the class action on the grounds of forum non conveniens. They argued that the contract between them and the subscribers contained a forum selection clause which gave exclusive jurisdiction to Washington state to resolve any disputes.
Rudder argued that the particular clause was not valid as it was not adequately brought to the attention of the user. The provision was sufficiently important that it required special notice.

## Opinion of the Court

Justice Warren Winkler found in favour of Microsoft and held that the clause was enforceable. Winkler rejected Rudder's argument, stating that "Admittedly, the entire Agreement cannot be displayed at once on the computer screen, but this is not materially different from a multi-page written document which requires a party to turn the pages."
Winkler observed that users were required to click on the "I agree" button to accept the terms, and that the impugned clause was no harder to read than any of the others. The sign-up procedure itself required users to click "I agree" twice, where the second time the user was told that they would still be bound to the terms even if they do not read them all. Winkler did not find it reasonable for Rudder to argue for the enforcement of all the other terms of the contract except for the forum clause. A finding in favour of the plaintiff, said Winkler, would not advance the goals of commercial certainty.
In concluding, Winkler held that "click-wrap" agreements in general should be "afforded the sanctity that must be given to any agreement in writing."
# Battle Stations (album)

Battle Stations is an album by saxophonists Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis and Johnny Griffin recorded in 1960 and released on Prestige Records.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| DownBeat | |
| AllMusic | |

## Reception

AllMusic reviewer Alex Henderson stated: "Battle Stations is an album that fans of heated two-tenor exchanges shouldn't overlook."

## Track listing

* "What's Happening" (Fletcher Henderson) – 6:51
* "Abundance" (Norman Simmons) – 6:54
* "If I Had You" (Jimmy Campbell and Reg Connelly, Ted Shapiro) – 6:45
* "63rd Street Theme" (Johnny Griffin) – 7:12
* "Pull My Coat" (Richard Evans) – 6:40
* "Hey Jim!" (Babs Gonzales, James Moody) – 8:00

## Personnel

* Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Johnny Griffin – tenor saxophone
* Norman Simmons – piano
* Victor Sproles – bass
* Ben Riley – drums
# JEQ

Jeq or JEQ may refer to:
* Jewellery Quarter railway station, England
* Jump if equal, a branch instruction in computer programming
# Pierre Pinoncelli

Pierre Pinoncelli (15 April 1929 – 9 October 2021) was a French performance artist, best known for damaging two of the eight copies of Fountain by Marcel Duchamp with a hammer, as a statement that the work had lost its provocative value. The most recent attack happened on 4 January 2006 at Centre Pompidou in Paris and the first at an exhibition in Nîmes on 25 August 1993, where he also urinated into it before using the hammer.
Pinoncelli was born in Saint-Étienne, Loire, France, in April 1929.
He also threw a bottle of red ink over André Malraux, the French minister of culture at the time; robbed a bank in Nice of 10 francs using a sawn-off shotgun; and cut the tip off one of his own fingers at an art exhibition in Colombia, V Festival de Performance de Cali, in protest at FARC guerillas holding the French-Colombian politician Íngrid Betancourt hostage.
Pinoncelli died on 9 October 2021, at the age of 92.
# Wanderer (Heaven Shall Burn album)

Wanderer is the eighth album by German extreme metal band Heaven Shall Burn, released on 16 September 2016 through Century Media Records. The album was released with 12 tracks; a deluxe version was also released with a cover of Sodom's song "Agent Orange" as a bonus track, plus a bonus disc which is a compilation of covers that the band recorded since its inception and also included in previous releases.
The tracks "Bring the War Home" and "Downshifter" were released as promotional singles, including a lyric video for "Bring the War Home."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Heaven Shall Burn

## Personnel
### Heaven Shall Burn

* Marcus Bischoff – vocals
* Alexander Dietz – guitars, production, engineer
* Maik Weichert – guitars, co-production
* Eric Bischoff – bass
* Christian Bass – drums

### Additional musicians

* René Liedtke - lead guitars, additional vocals
* George Corpsegrinder Fisher - vocals (track 6)
* Aðalbjörn Tryggvason - vocals (track 13)
* Nick Hipa - guitar (track 9)
* Frank Blackfire - guitar (track 7)

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 9 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 57 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 97 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 3 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 200 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 15 |
# Jeremiah Kianga

Jeremiah Mutinda Kianga (born 1950) is a former Kenyan Army Commander and Chief of the General Staff. He is known for having introduced the principle of Kaizen-continuous development for all officers in the Kenya Defence Forces. During his tenure he established collaborations with local universities to enable officers pursue further studies under the Defence Forces Continuous Education Programme.

## Early life

General Kianga was born on 26 April 1950 in Makueni District and finished his high school education at Machakos Secondary School in 1970. In April 1971 he joined the Armed Forces of Kenya and graduated from the Royal Military Academy in 1973.

## Career

Upon his commissioning from Royal Military College, Sandhurst Kianga was posted to the 5th Kenya Rifles as a Platoon Commander and did his regimental duty up to 1975. He underwent further training in Kenya, the United Kingdom, India and the United States where he obtained a Master's Degree in Military Arts and Science. He served a number roles in the Armed Forces from Chief of Military Intelligence at Defence Headquarters to General Officer Commanding Eastern Command in 1999. He later served as Assistant Chief of General Staff-in-charge of Personnel and Logistics at Defence Headquarters.
He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General and appointed Commander of the Kenya Army before replacing General (Rtd) Joseph Kibwana as Chief of General Staff under President Mwai Kibaki. As Chief of the General Staff he oversaw a large scale army operation in the restive Mount Elgon region after a near five year insurgency by the Sabaot Land Defence Force. The operation was a success with the rebel forces having been militarily defeated and relative calm restored in the area.
He retired from active service on August 12 2011 after serving for over forty years.

## Awards

General Kianga was inducted by the United States Army's Command and General Staff College as the 227th inductee in its International Hall of Fame and only the second Kenyan officer to ever be inducted.
# Lawrence C. McHenry Jr.

Lawrence Chester McHenry Jr. (20 March 1929-22 February 1985), was an American professor of neurology at the Wake Forest University, North Carolina. The American Academy of Neurology award a history of neurology prize in his name.

## Selected publications

* McHenry, Lawrence C.; MacKeith, Ronald (October 1966). "Samuel Johnson's childhood illnesses and the King's evil". Medical History. 10 (4): 386–399. doi:10.1017/S0025727300011492. ISSN 2048-8343. PMC 1033643. PMID 5331695.
* McHenry, Lawrence C (June 1985). "Neurological Disorders of Dr Samuel Johnson". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 78 (6): 485–491. doi:10.1177/014107688507800613. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 1289780. PMID 3889335.
# Gmina Pyrzyce

Gmina Pyrzyce is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Pyrzyce, which lies approximately 38 kilometres (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
The gmina covers an area of 204.40 square kilometres (78.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 19,515 (out of which the population of Pyrzyce amounts to 12,642, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,873).

## Villages

Apart from the town of Pyrzyce, Gmina Pyrzyce contains the villages and settlements of Brzesko, Brzezin, Czernice, Giżyn, Górne, Krzemlin, Krzemlinek, Letnin, Mechowo, Mielęcin, Młyny, Nieborowo, Nowielin, Obromino, Okunica, Ostrowica, Pstrowice, Ryszewko, Ryszewo, Rzepnowo, Stróżewo, Turze and Żabów.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Pyrzyce is bordered by the gminas of Banie, Bielice, Kozielice, Lipiany, Myślibórz, Przelewice, Stare Czarnowo and Warnice.
# Rashida Abedi

Rashida Abedi (c. 1951 – 2017) was a Pakistani-British autobiographical writer, who was profoundly deaf.

## Life

Abedi, the daughter of a retired railwayman, was born and grew up in Quetta. After meningitis aged 14, she lost the hearing in her right ear, and specialists advised her to leave school:
   All my hopes were destroyed. From then on my life was confined to the house. Most of the time was spent helping my mother, and I also used to knit, do embroidery and read books. We had a radio and my favourite hobby was listening to radio plays in Urdu.
At the age of 21 she also lost the hearing in her left ear, and as a result her engagement was broken off. "It was a cruel blow", she wrote. "I prayed to God I should die".
In 1981 she travelled to live with her brother, who had settled in London. She learnt English at South Norwood Adult Education Centre, and was soon also learning lip-reading and computing. Threatened with deportation in 1983, she successfully fought to stay with the help of the British Deaf Association and her local MP, Bernard Weatherill, who raised her case in Parliament. A campaigning group, Friends of Rashida Abedi, also raised the profile of her case.
Abedi wrote her autobiography to inspire others to overcome similar problems. She died of cancer in 2017, aged 65.

## Works

* From Sound to Silence, 1988. ISBN 978-0951606605
* Āvāz se Khāmoshī tak, 1990.
# Laura Place, Bath

Laura Place in Bathwick, Bath, Somerset, England, consists of four blocks of houses around an irregular quadrangle at the end of Pulteney Bridge. It was built by Thomas Baldwin and John Eveleigh between 1788 and 1794.
Numbers 4, 5 and 6 are combined with Numbers 1 to 7 Great Pulteney Street, and others with Henrietta Street.

## History

The fountain at the center of the quadrangle was not part of the original plan; it was added in the late 19th century. After completion of the main street in 1877 local residents petitioned and successfully raised significant funds to build a grand column (rather like Nelson's Column in London). However, as construction of the column started, the residents realised that the addition would tower over the area (it would be 50% taller than the houses), and so they then petitioned for it to be cancelled. After some negotiations, the column was pulled down and the much smaller fountain added instead. It consists of a circular stone basin with four radial projections surmounted by an urn with gadrooned bowl.
# Jeffrey M. Drazen

Jeffrey M. Drazen was the editor-in-chief of The New England Journal of Medicine from 2000 to 2019. He currently holds the positions of senior physician at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Distinguished Parker B. Francis Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, professor of physiology at the Harvard School of Public Health, and adjunct professor of medicine at the Boston University School of Medicine. He is the recipient of honorary degrees from the University of Ferrara, the University of Athens, the University of Modena and the University of Paris-Sud.

## Biography

Born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri, Drazen majored in physics at Tufts University and graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1972. It was at Tufts that he met Erica Lawson Coburn, whom he later married. He performed his medical internship and residency at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and was a clinical fellow and a research fellow at Harvard Medical School and the Harvard School of Public Health. Thereafter, he served as chief of Pulmonary Medicine at the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, chief of the combined Pulmonary Divisions of the Beth Israel and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, and then as chief of Pulmonary Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

## Other work

Drazen has worked with the National Institutes of Health in a variety of capacities, including membership of study sections, the Pulmonary Disease Advisory Council, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Advisory Council, and the National Library of Medicine Public Access Working Group. He has also served on the Veterans’ Administration National Research Advisory Council.
Drazen is an elected member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, the Inter-Urban Clinical Club and the National Academy of Medicine. He co-chaired the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation for 6 years and was a member of the World Health Organization’s Scientific Advisory Group on Clinical Trials Registration.
An active researcher in the field of pulmonary medicine, Drazen defined the role of novel endogenous chemical agents in asthma. This led to four new licensed pharmaceuticals for asthma.
Drazen has published over 600 papers, editorials, and review articles and has edited six books, including Cecil Medicine and Asthma and COPD.
Drazen has served on the editorial boards of a variety of journals, including the Journal of Applied Physiology, the American Journal of Physiology, Pulmonary Pharmacology, Experimental Lung Research, the Journal of Clinical Investigation, the American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, and The American Journal of Medicine. In addition, he has been an associate junior editor of the Journal of Clinical Investigation and the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
# Papaipema polymniae

The cup plant borer (Papaipema polymniae) is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America, including Virginia, Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
The wingspan is about 40 mm.
The larvae feed on Polymnia uvedalis.
# Wolterdingen

Wolterdingen is a village near Donaueschingen in the southern Black Forest of the Baden-Württemberg federal state in Germany, the site of a post World War II British sector displaced person camp.
47°58′19″N 8°25′19″E﻿ / ﻿47.972°N 8.422°E﻿ / 47.972; 8.422
* This Baden-Württemberg location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ward 4, Vũng Tàu

Ward 4 (Phường 4) is a ward of Vũng Tàu in Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province, Vietnam.
# Rural Municipality of Huron No. 223

The Rural Municipality of Huron No. 223 (2016 population: 198) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 7 and SARM Division No. 2.

## History

The RM of Huron No. 223 incorporated as a rural municipality on December 12, 1910.

## Geography
### Communities and localities

The following urban municipalities are surrounded by the RM.

#### Villages

* Tugaske.

### Lakes and rivers

* Qu'Appelle River
* Eyebrow Lake

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the RM of Huron No. 223 had a population of 205 living in 47 of its 59 total private dwellings, a change of 3.5% from its 2016 population of 198. With a land area of 830.68 km$^2$ (320.73 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.2/km$^2$ (0.6/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the RM of Huron No. 223 recorded a population of 198 living in 48 of its 51 total private dwellings, a 1% change from its 2011 population of 196. With a land area of 842.11 km$^2$ (325.14 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.2/km$^2$ (0.6/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

The RM of Huron No. 223 is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the first Wednesday of every month. The reeve of the RM is Corey Doerksen while its administrator is Daryl Dean. The RM's office is located in Tugaske.
# Gmina Pszczółki

Gmina Pszczółki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Pszczółki, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Pruszcz Gdański and 22 km (14 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
The gmina covers an area of 49.84 square kilometres (19.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,912.

## Villages

Gmina Pszczółki contains the villages and settlements of Kleszczewko, Kolnik, Ostrowite, Pszczółki, Rębielcz, Różyny, Skowarcz, Skowarcz-Kolonia, Ulkowy and Żelisławki.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Pszczółki is bordered by the gminas of Pruszcz Gdański, Suchy Dąb, Tczew and Trąbki Wielkie.
# Rathnamagh

Rathnamagh (Irish: Ráth na Mach) is a townland within the civil parish of Kilfian and the historic barony of Tirawley, County Mayo in Ireland. It borders Ballyneety, Lauvlyer, Rathmoyle, Greenwoodpark, Treangarrow to east, Fairfield and Woodville to west and Carrowgarve North to the south. As of 2011, the townland had a population of 64 people (in 25 dwellings). The local national (primary) school, Rathnamagh National School, had an enrolment of 12 pupils in 2024.
# Pangue Hydroelectric Plant

Pangue Hydroelectric Plant is a hydroelectric power station in Bío Bío Region, Chile. It lies west of Callaqui volcano at the confluence of the rivers Pangue and Huiri-Huiri. The plant uses water from the upper Bío Bío River and produces 467 megawatts (626,000 hp) of electricity. The plant was built by Endesa in 1996.

## Technical features

The penstock delivering water to the power plant has a hydraulic head of 103 metres (338 ft) and a design volume of 500 cubic metres per second (18,000 cu ft/s). Pangue contributes 10% of the electricity fed into the Chilean integrated grid, making it the third largest power station after Ralco (640 megawatts (860,000 hp)) and Pehuenche (500 megawatts (670,000 hp)). The dam is made of roller-compacted concrete, using about a million cubic meter of concrete. The dam and power plant were built from 1993 to 1996. Behind the dam lies a reservoir of 500 hectares (1,200 acres), 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long and 360 metres (1,180 ft) wide. This makes it one of the most efficient large hydropower plants in the world, as measured by the relation between electricity production and area flooded. The construction of Pangue, just as the one of Ralco, generated controversies between environmentalists, the Government and the private power company Endesa, because the dam impacted the indigenous Pehuenche people, whitewater rafting areas and the rights of farmers further downstream.

## Controversy over water rights

During the construction of the dam, the Appellate Court of Concepcion halted construction arguing that the filling of the reservoir and the dam’s operation unduly affected the water rights of farmers further downstream. However, the Chilean Supreme Court overruled the lower court and decided that the nonconsumptive water rights of Endesa took precedence over the consumptive water rights of irrigators. One U.S. scholar said that the decision relied on a government report that itself was “hard to interpret as anything other than a response to political pressure from higher levels of government”, that the decision was “seriously flawed”, made “on the basis of legal reasoning of dubious quality” and that the decision constituted “a major transfer of wealth from irrigators to electric companies”.
# John Cuff (politician)

John Cuff (1805 – 6 December 1864) was a New Zealand politician. He represented the Akaroa electorate in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament from 1855 to 1858, but resigned before the end of his term. He did not serve in any subsequent Parliaments.
He died in Christchurch on 6 December 1864 aged 59 years.
# Hadruridae

Hadruridae is a family of scorpions.
Genera:
* Hadrurus Thorell, 1876
* Hoffmannihadrurus Fet & Soleglad, 2004