OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Qazi Altaf Hussain

Lieutenant Colonel Qazi Altaf Hussain (1920–1999) served in the British Indian Army later taking up a place in the Army of Pakistan. He advanced to various positions of leadership during his military career, serving as lieutenant colonel of the 11 Frontier Force Regiment, commandant of the Zhob Militia in Quetta, Pakistan, and commander of a regiment in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. He was forced to retire as a lieutenant colonel, instead of advancing to general, as a result of his short-tempered, frank and outspoken nature.

## Early life

Hussain was born into a family whose lineage included a famous Qadi. He was born in Naushera, Soon Valley as the eldest son of Khan Sahib Qazi Zafar Hussain and the grandson of Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad. He was the great-great-grandson of Qazi Kalim Ullah, another famous Muslim qadi, and jurist of Naushera in the time of the Mughal emperors. He belonged to the Awan tribe.
After graduating from Government High School in Naushera, Hussain studied at Government College in Faisalabad, Government College Lahore; and later Aligarh Muslim University, from which he graduated.
In 1943, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammed Ali Jinnah came to Faisalabad and held a political rally of the All-India Muslim League in the Dhobi Ghat Grounds, where over 2 million people were in attendance. Hussain's father, Khan Sahib Qazi Zafar Hussain, arranged a cavalry of Muslim students for the political rally.

## Army career

Hussain was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in the British Indian Army in 1945 and soon joined the 11th Frontier Force Regiment. He served in World War II under Sir Olaf Caroe, who administered the North-West Frontier Province during a political crisis.
In 1947, after the creation of Pakistan, he joined the Pakistani Army. He served as the 873rd ranking senior officer. During his service as an infantry officer in the Frontier Force Regiment, Hussain held various positions, including captain, and major and was eventually promoted to lieutenant colonel. He also served in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
Hussain was appointed commandant of Zhob Militia, one of South Asia's oldest military forces, established in 1890 in Quetta.

## Later days

Hussain continued to pursue intellectual activities long after his retirement, remaining active well into his seventies. He was an admirer of Sir John Bagot Glubb, and considered him one of the finest historians of Islam in the English language. He also admired Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Ghulam Ahmed Pervez, and (much to the horror of his religious family, tribe, and the people of his area) he followed and preached their religious views.
After his retirement, he continued to look after family land, and a stud farm at Hazel Pur, Renala Khurd. The farm had been established by his father. After Pakistani President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq declared a martial law government in 1977, government forces confiscated Hussain's stud farm. This was in retaliation for Hussain's advocacy against the injustice of the Military Government and the effects of Okara's large military farms on the area's small landowners and peasants.
Hussain died in 1999.
# James J. Morton

James J. Morton (December 25, 1861 – April 10, 1938) was an American vaudeville comedian and master of ceremonies.

## Life and career

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, he first performed in vaudeville in the 1890s, as a double act with his wife, Maude Revel. A physically large man, he was billed as "the Boy Comic", and acted as though he was an overgrown child desperate to please the audience. His comedy act was that he would attempt to direct his wife as she sang, and explain her song to the audience, while never managing to successfully finish his interventions.
He became a solo performer in the early 1900s, and developed his act further as a monologist with a zany sense of humor, drifting from one absurdity to another. According to vaudeville historian Anthony Slide: "He would sing songs without music and without a rhyme, and would tell jokes that were pointless. Sometimes, as an encore, he would return to the stage announcing that he had left out a couple of lines from one of his songs, then proceed to sing lyrics that made absolutely no sense."
He would sometimes talk about other acts on the bill before they came on, often from the side of the stage, and in terms bearing no relation to what the acts actually did. As a result, he became, in 1906 at the American Theater in New York, the first recognised master of ceremonies in vaudeville. In the same year he was appointed as the first secretary of the Vaudeville Comedy Club, an association of performers set up by Will Cressy.
His act became less popular over time, and when another performer, James C. Morton (born James C. Lankton) became successful, James J. Morton feuded with him, and took out advertisements in the trade press to express his annoyance over the appropriation of his name, and to differentiate himself from his rival.
James J. Morton died in a retirement home for actors, in Islip, New York, in 1938, at the age of 76.
# Peperomia velloziana

Peperomia velloziana is a species of perennial plant in the genus Peperomia. It primarily grows in wet tropical biomes.

## Etymology

"velloziana" came from the surname "José Mariano de Conceição Vellozo". José Mariano de Conceição Vellozo was a Brazilian botanist from Minas Gerais.

## Distribution

Peperomia velloziana can be found in Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica. Specimens can be found at an elevation of 147-5000 meters.
* Brazil
** Minas Gerais
*** Extrema
**** Serra do Lopo
*** Unaí
*** Mariana
*** Alto Caparaó
** Paraná
*** Ponta Grossa
** Goiás
*** Formosa
** São Paulo
*** Bom Jesus dos Perdões
** Distrito Federal
*** Brasília
** Santa Catarina
*** Garopaba
**** Morro da Ressacada
** Santa Catarina
*** Praia Grande
*** Joinville
**** Serra Dona Francisca
*** São Bento do Sul
** Bahia
*** Abaíra
* Colombia
** Caquetá
** Meta
*** Vereda El Triunfo
* Costa Rica

## Subtaxa

These subtaxa are accepted.
* Peperomia velloziana f. ovata Wawra
* Peperomia velloziana var. subnovemplinervia Miq.
# Vô Tranh, Bắc Giang

Vô Tranh is a commune (xã) and village in Lục Nam District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.
# Vitamin Records

Vitamin Records is a Los Angeles–based record label founded in 1999 as a subsidiary of CMH Records. The label was formerly home to the Vitamin String Quartet, who are best known for performing string quartet tributes to popular rock and metal acts such as Tool, Nine Inch Nails, and Radiohead. Vitamin Records has also produced tribute albums in several other styles including lounge, electronica, industrial, and dub music.
The label's first release was The String Quartet Tribute to Led Zeppelin in 1999. Since then, Vitamin Records has released over 185 albums in a variety of genres.
Vitamin Records has also released an album honoring songs from the popular video game series Guitar Hero.

## Media

* The Vitamin String Quartet contributed a recording of "Jack and Sally Montage" to Nightmare Revisited, which was released on September 30, 2008 by Walt Disney Records and also included tracks by Marilyn Manson, Korn and Shiny Toy Guns.
* Three songs from Vitamin Records have been featured on the Fox television show So You Think You Can Dance, including "Control", from Vitamin String Quartet's tribute to Janet Jackson in July 2008, "Hallelujah" from Vitamin String Quartet's tribute to Paramore (July 2008), and "Yellow" from Vitamin String Quartet's tribute to Coldplay (December 2009).

## Releases

* Partial discography
# Bacterium (genus)

The genus Bacterium was a taxon described in 1828 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. The type species was later changed from Bacterium triloculare to Bacterium coli (now Escherichia coli) as it was lost. In 1951 and then in 1954 it was recognised as a nomen generum rejiciendum, which means a generic name to be rejected; this also applied to its family Bacteriaceae.
This genus included non-spore forming rods whose relation to other species was obscure (a "taxonomy dumping group"). This is different from the genus Bacillus, whose members were spore forming rods (sensu Cohn 1872).

## Species

Many species were placed under the genus. Given that the genus was abolished in the process of forming the Bacteriological Code there is no such thing as an official list of species present. These are those accepted by Breed and Conn in 1935:
* Bacterium tumefaciens, now Agrobacterium radiobacter
* Bacterium aerogenes, now Klebsiella aerogenes
* Bacterium violaceum, now Chromobacterium violaceum
* Bacterium amylovorum, now Erwinia amylovora
* Bacterium zopfii, now Kurthia zopfii
* Bacterium monocytogenes, now Listeria monocytogenes
* Bacterium pneumoniae, now Klebsiella pneumoniae
# Yazılı, Kozluk

Yazılı (also known as Binik) is a village in the Kozluk District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Arabs and had a population of 396 in 2021.
The hamlets of Arkbaşı, Keseli and Köseler are attached to the village.
# Robert Macfie Thorburn

Robert Macfie Thorburn FRSE (27 April 1828 – 22 August 1896) was a 19th-century Swedish-Scots businessman and Swedish politician.

## Life

He was born in Kasen near Gothenburg, Sweden, one of ten children of William Thorburn (1780–1851) and his wife Janet Mafie (1790–1863), both from Scotland. Janet was the sister of Robert Andrew Macfie, after whom Robert was named. The family had moved from Scotland to Sweden in 1823 to help resolve financial difficulties in the firm of "Brodie & Thorburn" (set up by his younger brother James Thorburn and fellow Scot, William Brodie). He was probably sent to Edinburgh for schooling, and certainly had a circle of Edinburgh friends.
In 1851, when his father died, he and his brother, William Franklin Thorburn, took over the family import and shipping company, "William Thorburn and Sons" who seemed to deal in tea. He also had interests in the company "Macfie Lindsay & Co" who dealt in sugar.
In 1852, with his cousin William Andrew Macfie (1807–1899), he established the world's first curling club outside Scotland, the Bohuslanska Curling Club. His cousin had come to Uddevalla in Sweden in 1845, to help with the family companies. The company expanded into exporting of Swedish oats to London (as horse feed) and by the 1870s represented one quarter of all exports from Sweden.
In 1878, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Robert Andrew Macfie, Charles Wyville Thomson, John Hutton Balfour and Robert Boog Watson.
He died of a cerebral haemorrhage on 22 August 1896 at his mansion at Uddevalla.

## Family

In 1854, he was married to Alma Mathilda Jacobi (1833–1882) in Sweden. They had at least six children including the Swedish architect Eugen Thorburn.
# Ripon Open

The Ripon Open was a combined men's and women's grass court tennis tournament established founded in 1880 as the Ripon Club Tournament It was staged at the Ripon Lawn Tennis Club, Ripon, North Yorkshire, England and ran through until 1939 when it was abolished.

## History

On 2 August 1880 the Ripon Club Tournament was established, and played until 3 August 1880. The winner of the gentleman's singles was Arthur Richard Springett who defeated Northing Pinckney Snowden. In 1881 the edition that year featured a mixed doubles event won by Miss Healey and Mr A.J. Wise who defeated Miss Springett and Mr. J. L. Shann by 2 sets to 0. The tournament was still being held just before the start of World War II, the ladies doubles final was won by Miss M. Rudd and Miss Sheppard who beat Miss. Nutt and Miss Lambert. No further records of the tournament can be found after the war and appears not to have been resumed.
# Pınarönü, Beyağaç

Pınarönü is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beyağaç, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 97 (2022).
# Baie de la Dauphine

Baie de la Dauphine is a natural harbour located on the Loranchet Peninsula, at the north-west of the island of Grande Terre in the Kerguelen Islands.

## Geography

The bay is located North of the Kerguelen, and opens towards the East, between the cape of the Kergelen Arch which limits its Northern extension and distinguishes it from Baie de l'Oiseau, and Discovery Presque-isle. It is 8.4 km (5.2 mi) long and 1.7 km (1.1 mi) wide at its maximum extension. The 552-metre (1,811 ft) Mont Havergal dominates the site on the North.

## Discovery

Lieutenant Kerguelen sighted the site during his first voyage in February 1772, without landing. In his second voyage, he arrived at the island in December 1773, and entered Baie de l'Oiseau in January 1774. Surveying the site, he named Baie de la Dauphine in honour of the corvette Dauphine, which was part of the expedition, under Ferron du Quengo. The site has also been called "Bay of the Portal", in reference to the Kerguelen Arch, on some older military maps.
# Peperomia variifolia

Peperomia variifolia is a species of plant from the genus 'Peperomia'.

## Distribution

Peperomia variifolia is native to Peru.
* Peru

## Description

Leaves are generally very short-petiolate.
# Voices of Mississippi: Artists and Musicians Documented by William Ferris

Voices of Mississippi: Artists and Musicians Documented by William Ferris is a four-disc box set by William Ferris, released in 2018. The project earned Ferris two Grammy Awards for Best Historical Album and Best Album Notes.
# Vodyanov

Vodyanov or Vodianov (Russian: Водянов) is a Russian masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Vodyanova or Vodianova. It may refer to the following notable people:
* Natalia Vodianova (born 1982), Russian model and actress
* Roman Vodyanov (born 1982), Russian politician
# James Pearson (cricketer, born 1983)

James Alexander Pearson (born 11 September 1983) is an English cricketer. Pearson is a left-handed batsman. He was born in Bristol and for a brief period attended Clifton College.
Pearson represented the Gloucestershire Cricket Board in 2 List A matches. These came against Herefordshire in the 2nd round of the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy and the Yorkshire Cricket Board in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2001.
In 2002, Pearson made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. From 2002 to 2005, he represented the county in 8 first-class matches, the last of which came against Bangladesh A. In his 8 first-class matches, he scored 320 runs at a batting average of 22.85, with 3 half centuries and a high score of 68. In the field he took 4 catches. In 2002, he played his only List A match for the county, which was also his last in that format, against West Indies A. In his career total of 3 List A matches, he scored 7 runs at an average of 2.33, with a high score of 7. In the field he took a single catch, while with the ball he took a single wicket at a cost of 29 runs.
In 2006, he played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Wiltshire against Herefordshire.
He has played club cricket for Bristol West Indians Cricket Club.
# Yehuda Berg

Yehuda Berg is an American author and former teacher of Kabbalah. Until 2014, Berg was a co-director of the Kabbalah Centre, which was founded by his parents Philip Berg and Karen Berg. However, after allegations of sexual assault and allegations of offering drugs from one of his students, he stepped away from the organization. He was later found liable in a civil suit and ordered to pay damages to his victim for inflicting malice and intentional harm.
Berg was an international speaker and author. One of his many books, The Power of Kabbalah, became an international best-seller as did another of his books, The 72 Names of God.

## Biography

Berg was born in 1972 in Jerusalem. Until May 2014, he was co-director of the Kabbalah Centre, founded by his father Rav Shraga Feivel (Philip) Berg. Following accusations of drug abuse and sexual assault, he withdrew from the organization.

## Works

He has written numerous works such as: The power of Kabbalah, The 72 names of god: technology for the soul, Kabbalah the power to change everything, Satan: an autobiography, True prosperity, Angelic intelligence, among others.

## Lawsuit

In 2014, a former student at the Kabbalah Centre brought a lawsuit against him alleging that he had assaulted her sexually. She claimed that Berg offered her alcohol and Vicodin while she visited him at his home and then made sexual advances.
In November 2015 a Los Angeles Superior Court jury found that Berg had acted with malice and was liable for intentional infliction of emotional distress and therefore, he was ordered to pay $135,000, which included a punitive damages component. The Kabbalah Centre itself was also ordered to pay $42,500 for being negligent in its supervision of Berg, who was one of its co-directors at the time of the alleged assault.

## Awards

In 2007, Berg was named Number 4 in Newsweek's list of America's Top 50 Rabbis.
# LN

LN, Ln or ln may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Lawful Neutral, an alignment in Dungeons & Dragons
* The Sims 3: Late Night, the third expansion pack to The Sims 3
* Light novel, a style of Japanese novel for young adults
* LN (band), American slow core band

## Government, military and politics

* League of Nations, intergovernmental organisation (1920–1946)
* Legalman, a United States Navy occupational rating
* Lega Nord, a northern Italian populist political party
* Livable Netherlands, a defunct Dutch political party
* Lost Nomination (LN), as of losing a nomination

## Math, science and technology

* Natural logarithm (ln), or logarithm base e, a mathematical function
* ln (Unix), a UNIX command that creates file links
* IBM Lotus Notes, the client of a collaborative client-server platform from IBM
* Lanthanide (of which 'Ln' is an informal name) or lanthanoid, a series of chemical elements
* Liquid nitrogen, the liquefied form of the gas
* Lymph node, an anatomical feature involved in immunological function
* Lightning Network, the decentralized network of Bitcoin to support instant payments

## Places

* Lane (Ln), as part of the proper name for a country lane
* Liaoning, a province of China (Guobiao abbreviation LN)
* LN postcode area, in Britain, named after Lincoln

## Other uses

* Libyan Airlines, by IATA code
* Louisville and Nashville Railroad, by reporting mark
* Lingala language, by ISO 639 code ln
* Lingnan University, abbreviate as LN
# Pınaryazı, Acıpayam

Pınaryazı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Acıpayam, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 691 (2022).
# Instituto Superior de Secretariado y Administración

ISSA School of Management Assistants was founded in 1963 as the Superior Institute of Secretarial and Administrative Studies. It is part of the University of Navarra in Spain. It had been located in San Sebastián since its foundation in 1963, but is now in Pamplona. ISSA has always been the number-one Spanish educational institution to train Management Assistants at university level.
ISSA was housed for 50 years in San Sebastián in a building constructed by a Spanish aristocrat as his summerhouse in 1900. It was thus decorated with exquisite tapestries and carpets, computers, and state-of-the-art technology (Source).
The faculty in currently located in Pamplona in the Amigos' building, (sited in the main Campus of the University of Navarra )consists of 27 instructors, each having at least a bachelor's or doctorate degree. It offers the Bachelor's Degree in Management Assistance (Source), a degree that combines Business and Modern Languages.
# Vânători, Iași

Vânători is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Crivești, Gura Bâdiliței, Hârtoape, Vânători and Vlădnicuț.
# Vodule

Vodule (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills just east of Dramlje. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Sveta Uršula (literally, 'Saint Ursula') to Vodule in 1955. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms. Before Vodule became the name of the entire settlement, the name used to refer to one of the hamlets in the settlement.<

## Church

The local church is dedicated to Saint Ursula and belongs to the Parish of Dramlje. It dates to between 1650 and 1660.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Vodule include:
* Matija Vodušek (1802–1872), religious writer, abbot, and colleague of Anton Martin Slomšek
# Badaling

40°21′15″N 116°00′25″E﻿ / ﻿40.35417°N 116.00694°E﻿ / 40.35417; 116.00694
Badaling (Chinese: 八达岭; pinyin: Bādálǐng) is the site of the most visited section of the Great Wall of China, approximately 80 kilometers (50 mi) northwest of Beijing's city center, in Badaling Town, Yanqing District, Beijing municipality. The portion of the wall running through the site was built in 1504 during the Ming Dynasty, along with a military outpost reflecting the location's strategic importance. The highest point of Badaling is Beibalou (北八樓), approximately 1,015 meters (3,330 ft) above sea level.
Badaling Great Wall was built in the Ming Dynasty (1505) to occupy a commanding and strategic position for protecting the Juyongguan Pass (Juyongguan section of the Great Wall) to its south, further protecting the city of Beijing.
The portion of the wall at Badaling has undergone restoration, and in 1957, it was the first section of the wall to open to tourism. Now visited annually by millions, the immediate area has seen significant development, including hotels, restaurants, and a cable car.

## Transport
### Expressway

The Badaling Expressway connects Badaling with central Beijing.

### Railway

Two China Railway lines serve Badaling:
* The Beijing-Zhangjiakou intercity railway has CRH high-speed trains running from Beijing North station, stopping at the underground Badaling Great Wall station.
* Line S2 of the Beijing Suburban Railway serves people who want to go to the at-grade Badaling station from Huangtudian station.

### Bus

The 877 bus runs frequently between Deshengmen Bus Station (adjacent to the Jishuitan station on Line 2 and Line 19 of Beijing Subway) and Badaling Great Wall.

## Fame

It was here that President Richard Nixon and his wife, accompanied by Vice Premier Li Xiannian, visited on February 24, 1972, during his historic journey to China. Many other world leaders have made a trip to the site including Margaret Thatcher, Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev.
Badaling and the expressway were the site of the finishing circuit of the Urban Road Cycling Course in the 2008 Summer Olympics. Laps of the circuit passed through gates in the wall.

## Internal traffic
### Funicular

Badaling Great Wall Funicular starts from the opposite of Zhan Tianyou Memorial Hall and goes to the fourth floor of the best viewing point of Badaling Great Wall-South.