OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rabia Gülec

Rabia Gülec (also spelled Guelec; born 5 June 1994 in Nuremberg) is a German taekwondo athlete. She represented Germany at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the women's 67 kg. She finished in 9th place after losing to eventual bronze medalist Nur Tatar of Turkey in the quarterfinals.
# Vasomotion

Vasomotion is the spontaneous oscillation in tone of blood vessel walls, independent of heart beat, innervation or respiration. While vasomotion was first observed by Thomas Wharton Jones in 1852, the complete mechanisms responsible for its generation and its physiological importance remain to be elucidated. However, several hypotheses have been put forth.

## Mechanism

Intracellular calcium (Ca$^{2+}$) concentration exhibits periodic oscillations in vascular smooth muscle cells. This is thought to result from Ca$^{2+}$ release from intracellular stores, due to inositol triphosphate and ryanodine-sensitive channel activation. This activation has been shown to result in either Ca$^{2+}$ "sparks", highly localized calcium increases, or "waves", global Ca$^{2+}$ increase that propagates the length of the cell.
To allow vasomotion to occur, synchronization must occur between the individual oscillations, resulting in global calcium synchronization and vessel tone oscillation. Gap junctions are thought to play a large role in this synchronization, as application of gap junction blockers has been shown to abolish vasomotion, indicating a critical role. Due to regional variations in gap junction distribution and coupling (homocellular vs. heterocellular) several hypotheses have been suggested to account for vasomotion occurrence.
The "classic" mechanism of vasomotion generation is thought to be the voltage-dependent coupled model. In this model, high gap junction coupling is present between the vascular smooth muscle cells, the endothelial cells and the endothelial to vascular smooth muscle cells. An initial depolarizing current leads to the opening of the voltage-dependent calcium channels, ultimately resulting in synchronization of individual calcium levels. When patch clamp recordings are conducted, depolarization occurs in the endothelial layer at the same time as the underlying vascular smooth muscle. The cause of the initial depolarizing current, however, remains to be determined. Mathematical modeling has pointed to the existence of 2-4 independent non-linear oscillating systems interacting to produce vasomotion. It is possible that in order for vasomotion to be generated, these systems must pass a depolarizing threshold.

## Physiological role

Several possible hypotheses have been advanced to explain vasomotion. Increased flow is one possibility; mathematical modeling has shown a vessel with an oscillating diameter to conduct more flow than a vessel with a static diameter. Vasomotion could also be a mechanism of increasing the reactivity of a blood vessel by avoiding the "latch state", a low ATP cycling state of prolonged force generation common in vascular smooth muscle. Finally, vasomotion has been shown to be altered in a variety of pathological situations, with vessels from both hypertensive and diabetic patients displaying altered flow patterns as compared to normotensive vessels.
# Oreobates ayacucho

Oreobates ayacucho is a species of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Peru and known from a few localities in the Ayacucho Region in the Peruvian Andes. The species is only known from 11 specimens.

## Description

The female holotype measures 29 mm (1.1 in) in snout–vent length (SVL). Two adult males measure 19 and 25 mm (0.75 and 0.98 in) SVL. The snout is short and rounded. The tympanic membrane is absent but the tympanic annulus is visible beneath skin, partly covered by supratympanic. Skin on the dorsum is smooth and has small, elongate tubercles, and forms discontinuous occipital and dorsolateral folds. Fingers and toes have knob-shaped terminal phalanges but no webbing. The dorsum and venter are dark brown, with the folds and some warts almost black. The iris is almost black and has some golden reticulation.
The male advertisement call consists of a group of 3–5 pulsed, amplitude-modulated notes. The call lasts less than a second, but is repeated at a rate of 2.5–2.9 calls per minute when males are motivated.

## Habitat and conservation

Individuals have been found in cold puna grassland at elevations of 3,411–3,850 m (11,191–12,631 ft) above sea level. Males have been heard calling by day. Individuals can hide under thick layers of moss near the ground or within piles of stones. The habitat of this species is threatened by overgrazing from cattle and construction of gas projects. Also burning and collection of the grass could be threats.
# Plassay

Plassay (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.
# Ratna Bhagwandas Chawla

Ratna Bhagwandas Chawla is a politician of the Pakistan Peoples Party and the first Hindu woman elected to the Senate of Pakistan.
# Tondanichthys kottelati

Tondanichthys kottelati is a species of viviparous halfbeak endemic to Indonesia, where it is only known from Lake Tondano near Mount Tondano in the far north of the island of Sulawesi. It grows to a length of 6.4 centimetres (2.5 in) SL. Despite being a member of the viviparous halfbeak family, this species is believed to be oviparous. This species was described in 1995 by Bruce Baden Collette and its species name honours the Swiss ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat.
# Inta (given name)

Inta is a feminine Latvian given name and may refer to:
* Inta Ezergailis (1932–2005), Latvian American literary critic and poet
* Inta Feldmane, (born 1959) Latvian politician
* Inta Kļimoviča (born 1951), athlete
* Inta Purviņa (born 1940), Latvian politician
* Inta Ruka (born 1958), Latvian photographer
# Reynoldson

Reynoldson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* George Reynoldson (1856–1947), Australian politician
* Kirk Reynoldson (born 1979), Australian professional rugby league footballer
* Nick Reynoldson, Canadian stand-up comedian
* Steve Reynoldson (born 1962), Australian rules footballer
* W. Ward Reynoldson (1920–2016), American lawyer and judge
# Vassurány

Vassurány is a village in Vas county, Hungary. with a Population of 837.
# Home This Year

Home This Year is the sixth album by rock band Virginia Coalition.

## Track listing

* "Home This Year" - 4:01
* "Santa Fe" - 4:23
* "Stars Align" - 3:59
* "Not Scared" - 4:07
* "Same Page" - 3:34
* "Sing Along" - 4:40
* "Lately" - 4:05
* "A Desperate Way" - 3:57
* "Look My Way" - 3:46
* "I Got This One" - 3:58
# Instinet Classic

The Instinet Classic was a golf tournament on the Champions Tour from 1985 to 2002. It was played in several different cities in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
The purse for the 2002 tournament was US$1,500,000, with $225,000 going to the winner. The tournament was founded in 1985 as the United Hospitals Senior Golf Championship.

## Tournament locations

| Years | City | Course |
| 2000–02 | Princeton, New Jersey | TPC at Jasna Polana |
| 1998–99 | Avondale, Pennsylvania | Hartefeld National Golf club |
| 1992–97 | Malvern, Pennsylvania | Chester Valley Golf club |
| 1991 | Malvern, Pennsylvania | White Manor Country Club |
| 1985–90 | Malvern, Pennsylvania | Chester Valley Golf club |

## Winners

* 2002 Isao Aoki
* 2001 Gil Morgan
* 2000 Gil Morgan
Bell Atlantic Classic
* 1999 Tom Jenkins
* 1998 Jay Sigel
* 1997 Bob Eastwood
* 1996 Dale Douglass
* 1995 Jim Colbert
* 1994 Lee Trevino
* 1993 Bob Charles
* 1992 Lee Trevino
* 1991 Jim Ferree
* 1990 Dale Douglass
Bell Atlantic/St. Christopher's Classic
* 1989 Dave Hill
United Hospitals Classic
* 1988 Bruce Crampton
United Hospitals Senior Golf Championship
* 1987 Chi-Chi Rodríguez
* 1986 Gary Player
* 1985 Don January
Source:
# Piz de Mucia

Piz de Mucia is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, overlooking San Bernardino in the canton of Graubünden. It lies south-east of the Zapporthorn, between the valleys of Calanca and Mesolcina.
# Rava Landscape Conservation Area

Rava Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park which is located in Järva County, Estonia.
The area of the nature park is 16 ha.
The protected area was founded in 1936 to protect Rava Oak Forest and its surrounding areas. In 2006, the protected area was designated to the landscape conservation area.
# Residue at infinity

In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, the residue at infinity is a residue of a holomorphic function on an annulus having an infinite external radius. The infinity $\infty$ is a point added to the local space $\mathbb {C}$ in order to render it compact (in this case it is a one-point compactification). This space denoted ${\hat {\mathbb {C} }}$ is isomorphic to the Riemann sphere. One can use the residue at infinity to calculate some integrals.

## Definition

Given a holomorphic function f on an annulus $A(0,R,\infty )$ (centered at 0, with inner radius $R$ and infinite outer radius), the residue at infinity of the function f can be defined in terms of the usual residue as follows:
    $\operatorname {Res} (f,\infty )=-\operatorname {Res} \left({1 \over z^{2}}f\left({1 \over z}\right),0\right)$
Thus, one can transfer the study of $f(z)$ at infinity to the study of $f(1/z)$ at the origin.
Note that $\forall r>R$, we have
    $\operatorname {Res} (f,\infty )={-1 \over 2\pi i}\int _{C(0,r)}f(z)\,dz$
Since, for holomorphic functions the sum of the residues at the isolated singularities plus the residue at infinity is zero, it can be expressed as:
$\operatorname {Res} (f(z),\infty )=-\sum _{k}\operatorname {Res} \left(f\left(z\right),a_{k}\right).$

## Motivation

One might first guess that the definition of the residue of $f(z)$ at infinity should just be the residue of $f(1/z)$ at $z=0$. However, the reason that we consider instead $-{\frac {1}{z^{2}}}f\left({\frac {1}{z}}\right)$ is that one does not take residues of functions, but of differential forms, i.e. the residue of $f(z)dz$ at infinity is the residue of $f\left({\frac {1}{z}}\right)d\left({\frac {1}{z}}\right)=-{\frac {1}{z^{2}}}f\left({\frac {1}{z}}\right)dz$ at $z=0$.
# Rhinella spinulosa

Rhinella spinulosa is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae that is found in the Andean Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
Rhinella spinulosa has a wide altitudinal range, from the sea level to 5,100 m (16,700 ft) asl, and it occurs in a range of habitats: scrubland and grassland in the Andes, and forested areas in the more southern parts of its range; it has also been recorded from arable areas. It breeds in temporary ponds, altiplano lagoons, and slow flowing streams. Where it occurs it tends to be abundant.
# Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008

The Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 is a United States federal law, enacted by Congress to improve railroad safety. Among its provisions, the most notable was the mandate requiring positive train control (PTC) technology to be installed on most of the US railroad network by 2015. This was spurred by the 2008 Chatsworth train collision the month prior to passage of the act. After two delays, the technology was operational on all required railroads by the end of 2020.

## Background

Starting in 1990, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) counted PTC among its "Most Wanted List of Transportation Safety Improvements." At the time, the vast majority of rail lines relied on the human crew to comply with all safety rules, and a significant fraction of accidents were attributable to human error.
In September 2008, Congress considered a new rail safety law that set a deadline of 2015 for implementation of PTC technology across most of the U.S. rail network. The bill, ushered through the legislative process by the Senate Commerce Committee and the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, was developed in response to the collision of a Metrolink passenger train and a Union Pacific freight train September 12, 2008, in California, which resulted in the deaths of 25 and injuries to more than 135 passengers.
As the bill neared final passage by Congress, the Association of American Railroads (AAR) issued a statement in support of the bill. President George W. Bush signed the 315-page Rail Safety Improvement Act into law on October 16, 2008.

## Provisions of the law

Among its provisions, the law provides funding to help pay for the development of PTC technology, limits the number of hours freight rail crews can work each month, and requires the Department of Transportation to determine work hour limits for passenger train crews.

## Implementation

To implement the law, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) published final regulations for PTC systems on January 15, 2010.
In December 2010, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported that Amtrak and the major Class I railroads had taken steps to install PTC systems under the law, but that the work may not be complete by the 2015 deadline. The railroads and their suppliers were continuing to develop software to test various system components, which could delay equipment installation. GAO also suggested that publicly funded commuter railroads will have difficulty in obtaining funds to pay for their system components.
In October 2015, Congress passed a bill extending the compliance deadline by three years, to December 31, 2018. President Barack Obama signed the bill on October 29, 2015. Only four railroads met the December 2018 deadline; the other 37 got extensions to December 2020, which was allowed under the law for railroads that demonstrated implementation progress. On December 29, 2020, it was reported that the safeguards had been installed on all required railroads, two days ahead of the deadline.
# Vassy

Vassy may refer to:
* Vassy, Calvados, a former commune in Valdallière, Calvados département, Normandy region, France
* Vassy-sous-Pisy, formerly Vassy, a commune in the Yonne département, France
* Vassy (singer) (born 1983), Australian singer, songwriter, and producer
* Vassy Kapelos (born 1981), Canadian political journalist
* Kin Vassy (1943–1994), American singer-songwriter
# No. 113 Squadron RCAF

No. 113 (Bomber Reconnaissance) Squadron was a Royal Canadian Air Force squadron that was active during the Second World War. It was originally formed as an Army Co-operation squadron and then a fighter squadron before being disbanded in 1939 and then reformed in 1942. It was primarily used in an anti-submarine role and was based on the east coast of Canada and Newfoundland. The squadron flew the Lockheed Hudson and Lockheed Ventura before disbanding on 10 August 1944.

## Sinking of U-754

On 31 July 1942, Hudson 625 commanded by Squadron Leader N.E. Small was conducting a patrol in the vicinity of Sable Island when it sighted U-754 on the surface. On the first pass, the aircraft dropped depth charges just as the submarine began to dive. A second pass found the boat just under the water, apparently damaged by the depth charges. On the third pass, the aircraft fired its front guns at the boat's conning tower. The plane then observed the damaged boat for 55 minutes before an explosion seemed to finally settle the matter. U-754 was sunk with all hands lost. For this achievement, Small was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross in January 1943.

## Actions in the St. Lawrence

In September 1942, Eastern Air Command stationed a detachment of 113 Squadron aircraft at RCAF Station Chatham as the "Special Submarine Hunting Detachment" in order to provide air cover for convoys in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. U-boats had begun to infiltrate the St. Lawrence that May, and had already scored some notable victories without a loss, however, the increased air cover allowed Canadian forces to mount a vigorous anti-submarine defense. The first attack by a 113 Squadron aircraft on a U-boat took place near Anticosti Island on 9 September, when Pilot Officer R.S. Keetley and his crew dove in on U-165, but did not cause any critical damage. On 16 September, Keetley launched an attack on U-517, but despite getting a depth charge lodged on its deck, the U-boat escaped unharmed. On 24–25 September, 113 Squadron registered three attacks on seven sightings on U-517, plus a further attack on 29 September. Despite considerable damage from these attacks, both U-517 and U-165 departed the Gulf. Flying Officer M.J. Bélanger, who had conducted three of the last four attacks on U-517 would later be awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
# Instinctual (song)

Instinctual is a 1988 single by British dance trio Imagination. The single went to number one on the dance charts for one week and was the most successful of six entries on the chart. "Instinctual" charted at number sixty-two on the UK chart, however unlike previous chart entries by Imagination, the single did not place on the soul singles chart.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1988) | Peak position |
| U.K. | 62 |
| U.S. Dance | 1 |
# Intake (disambiguation)

An intake is an opening or structure through which air/fluid is admitted to a space or machine. Intake may also refer to:

## Places
### United Kingdom

* Intake, Doncaster, a suburb of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England
* Intake, Sheffield, a residential area in Richmond, Sheffield, England
* Intake, County Londonderry, an archeological site in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland
* Intake, Leeds, a place in West Yorkshire, England: see List of United Kingdom locations: In-Ir#In

### United States

* Intake, Montana, an unincorporated community in Dawson County, Montana
* Intake Creek, a creek near the former Weston, Washington

## Other

* Intake (land), a parcel of land reclaimed from a moor
* Intake (video game), a 2013 game by Cipher Prime
# Rhinella xerophylla

Rhinella xerophylla is an extinct species of toad in the genus Rhinella found in Argentina. It lived in the Pliocene period and inhabited tropical rainforests of South America.
# Godard (disambiguation)

Jean-Luc Godard (1930–2022) was a French-Swiss filmmaker.
Godard may also refer to:
* Godard (surname), includes a list of people with the surname
* "Godard", composition from the compilation album Godard/Spillane by John Zorn
# Vendsyssel Kunstmuseum

Vendsyssel Kunstmuseum, formerly Hjørring Kunstmuseum, is a state-subsidised art museum in Hjørring, which was founded in 1963 and has a collection of 19th and 20th century art mostly from North Denmark.
The museum's collection contains works by the painters Svend Engelund (1908–2007), Johannes Hofmeister (1914–90), Poul Winther (1939–2018) and Poul Anker Bech ( 1942–2009). In addition to major works by the mentioned artists, the museum's collections includes works by Agnete Bjerre (b. 1924), Anna Maria Lütken (1916–2001), Poul Ekelund (1921–76 ), Arne L. Hansen (1921–2009), Søren Elgaard (b.1951), Emil Gregersen (1921–93), Frede Christoffersen (1919–87 ) et al.
The museum was founded in 1963. In 1970, the museum took over the premises of Hjørring Central Library. The library's reading room was decorated with six large frescoes with motifs from the history of the Vendel residents made by the painter Niels Larsen Stevns. Since 2003, the museum has been housed in a former textile factory, which is centrally located in Hjørring on[P. Nørkjærs Plads. The old industrial building was transformed by architect Anna Maria Indrio from C.F. Møllers Tegnestue. In 2009, the museum was expanded with a new underground gallery also designed by Indrio, used for permanent hangings of works by Niels Larsen Stevns.
The museum received state recognition in 1981 and changed its to Vendsyssel Kunstmuseum in 2000.
# John Travis

John Travis may refer to:
* John Travis (physician), leading figure in the wellness movement
* John Travis (producer), music producer, audio engineer, mixer and songwriter
* John Travis (soccer), former U.S. soccer player
* John D. Travis (1940–2016), former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
# Topardıç, Bolu

Topardıç is a village in the Bolu District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 134 (2021).
# Institute of Geological Sciences

Institute of Geological Sciences may refer to
* British Geological Survey
* Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, a research institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
# Atractus michaelsabini

Atractus michaelsabini is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Ecuador.
# Railway Exchange Building

Railway Exchange Building may refer to the following:
* Railway Exchange Building (Chicago), Illinois, U.S., also called the Santa Fe Building, an office building
* Railway Exchange Building (Muskogee, Oklahoma), U.S., an eight-story office building
* Railway Exchange Building (Portland, Oregon), U.S., an historic building on the National Register of Historic Places
* Railway Exchange Building (St. Louis), Missouri, U.S., a 21-story office building
# Upfront! Canadians Live from Mountain Stage

Upfront! Canadians Live from Mountain Stage is an album released in 1994 on Blue Plate Music and BMG Music Canada, which compiles live performances by Canadian artists who have appeared on the American radio series Mountain Stage.
The album was intended as a Canadian-only introduction to Mountain Stage, which was not widely broadcast in Canada. The Best of Mountain Stage series of compilation albums, which had already been available in the United States, was subsequently released in Canada.

## Track listing

* Bruce Cockburn, "Waiting for a Miracle"
* Barenaked Ladies, "What a Good Boy"
* Crash Test Dummies, "Superman's Song"
* Cowboy Junkies, "Misguided Angel"
* Stephen Fearing, "Blue Line"
* The Rankin Family, "Feir a bhata"
* Sarah McLachlan, "Shelter"
* Blue Rodeo, "Already Gone"
* Spirit of the West, "Political"
* Rick Danko and Garth Hudson, "Twilight"
* Moxy Früvous, "The Greatest Man in America"
# Vengeance Descending (Crystal Eyes album)

Vengeance Descending is Crystal Eyes' third album released in 2003 by Heavy Fidelity.

## Track listing

* "Vengeance Descending" - 5:52
* "Highland Revenge" - 5:02
* "Child of Rock" - 6:17
* "Mr. Failure" - 5:32
* "Dream Chaser" - 6:43
* "The Wizard's Apprentice" - 7:11
* "Metal Crusade" - 5:12
* "The Beast in Velvet" - 5:29
* "Heart of the Mountain" - 5:43
* "Oblivion in the Visionary World" - 5:54

## Credits

Mikael Dahl - Vocals and Guitar Jonathan Nyberg - Guitar Claes Wikander - Bass Guitar Stefan Svantesson - Drums Daniel Heiman - Vocals on "The Wizard's Apprentice"
Production and mixing by Mikael Dahl and Claes Wikander at Crystal Sounds Mastering by Tobias Lindell Cover artwork by Kristian Wåhlin
* This article about a 2000s power metal album is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Homona umbrigera

Homona umbrigera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Sumba in Indonesia.
# Oreohelix subrudis

Oreohelix subrudis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oreohelicidae.
# John of Katavas

John of Katavas (Greek: Ιωάννης Καταβάς) was a feudal lord and regent in the Principality of Achaea.
He was one of the feudatories of Geoffrey of Briel, the Baron of Karytaina. He fought against the Byzantines in the battle of Prinitza in 1263.