OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zael

Zael may refer to:
* Zael, Province of Burgos, a municipality and town located in Castile and León, Spain.
* Sahl ibn Bishr, a Jewish astrologer, astronomer and mathematician from Tabaristan.
# James Rose (Australian politician)

James Marmaduke Rose (31 August 1849 – 18 August 1939) was an Australian politician.
Born in Melbourne to James and Mary Ann Rose, he attended Spring Street Model School and became a student teacher and Methodist minister. In 1869 he married Alice Fawkner in Fitzroy, with whom he had nine children; he later married Lucinda Dunlop Taylor. Rose was headmaster of Yarraville State School around 1873, but travelled to Edinburgh to study medicine, graduating in 1880. After a period as head resident surgeon at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh he returned to Williamstown and was appointed public vaccinator in 1883. In that year, however, he retired to take his seat in the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for North Melbourne, serving until 1889. Although he was considered a liberal at the time he had later associations with the nascent Labor Party. Rose died in Kew in 1939.
# Paul Clifford (cricketer)

Paul Clifford (born 19 September 1976) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Wiltshire. He was born in Swindon.
Clifford made his cricketing debut during the 1993 Second XI Championship for Somerset, before joining Wiltshire in the Minor Counties Championship the following season. Despite taking the following two seasons out of the game, he returned to the team in 1997.
Clifford made his only List A appearance for the team during the 1999 NatWest Trophy competition. From the lower order, he scored 15 runs with the bat, and took figures of 3-46 with the ball from ten overs.
Most recently, in 2008, Clifford played for Chippenham in the Cockspur Cup.
# Paul Erman

Paul Erman (29 February 1764 – 11 October 1851) was a German physicist from Berlin, Brandenburg and a Huguenot of the fourth generation. His work was mainly concerned with electricity and magnetism, though he also made some contributions to optics and physiology.

## Life

He was the son of the historian Jean Pierre Erman (1735–1814), author of Histoire des réfugiés.
Erman became teacher of science successively at the French gymnasium (Französisches Gymnasium Berlin) in Berlin, and at the military academy, and on the foundation of the University of Berlin in 18 months he was chosen professor of physics.
Erman died in Berlin. He had a son, Georg Adolf Erman who was a physicist, and a grandson Johann Peter Adolf Erman, known as an Egyptologist.

## Awards

Erman is one of the three four recipients of the Galvanism Prize awarded by Napoleon. He obtained 3000 francs for his scientific research.
# Paul Feilde

Paul Feilde (1711–1783) was a British lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1770 to 1780.
Feilde was the fourth son of Edmund Feilde of Stanstead Abbots, Hertfordshire and his wife Martha Paul, daughter of James Paul of Braywick, Berkshire, and was baptised on 6 October 1711. He was educated at Westminster School in 1722 and was admitted at Lincoln's Inn in 1724.
In 1737 he was called to the bar and he was a London magistrate and a practising barrister until he succeeded to the family estates on the death of the last of his brothers in 1762. Also in 1762, he became Recorder of Hertford.
Feilde's great-grandfather Edmund Feilde had represented Hertford under Charles II and his father's cousin Thomas Plumer Byde had been MP for Hertfordshire from 1761 to 1768. Feilde himself was returned as Member of Parliament for Hertford at a contested by-election on 15 January 1770, probably with the support of the corporation and Dissenters and then returned unopposed at the 1774 general election. At the beginning of 1780 he was reported to be in poor health and did not stand at the 1780 general election.
He died on 2 February 1783. His monument in Stanstead church is inscribed: “He was an assiduous and able Member of Parliament, actuated by the purest patriotism, attached to no party, until a firm conviction engaged him in an early and strenuous opposition to the American war”. He had married Jane Wowen, daughter of John Wowen, sugar refiner, of Hackney on 12 February 1763 but had no children.
# James Morrill

James Lewis Morrill (September 24, 1891 – July 1979) was a professor and academic administrator who served as the president of the University of Wyoming and the University of Minnesota. He attended Ohio State University for his undergraduate education and, after a brief career as a journalist, he returned there for a career in teaching and administration. In 1942 he left to accept the position of president at the University of Wyoming. After only three years he was recruited to become the eighth president of the University of Minnesota. During his time at the University of Minnesota he oversaw a period of immense growth; enrollment at the school more than doubled in a single year due in large part to returning servicemen using the G.I. Bill to pursue a college education. Morrill put forward a plan to expand the campus across the Mississippi River to ensure the university would have room to accommodate the coming generation of baby boomers. After retiring in 1960 he moved to Ohio. He died in 1979.

## View on Intercollegiate Athletics

When Morrill was a vice president at Ohio State he was closely involved in the financing for the construction of Ohio Stadium. But by the time Morrill became president at Minnesota he was convinced college football had become too professional and actively worked to keep Minnesota and the Big Ten Conference from professionalizing further. Under his leadership, Minnesota was the only school to vote against the 3 most important Big Ten votes in the immediate post-World War II years: the 1946 and 1950 Rose Bowl Game agreements, and the 1949 legalization of the athletic scholarship.
# James Stillingfleet (priest, born 1674)

James Stillingfleet (1674–1746) was the Dean of Worcester from 1726 until his death in 1746.
He was the son of Edward Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester from 1689 to 1699. Educated at Wadham College, Oxford, he was Rector of Hartlebury and became a canon of Worcester in 1698.
# James Ferrell

James or Jim Ferrell may refer to:
* James Ferrell (biologist) (born 1955), American systems biologist
* James E. Ferrell, chairman of the board of directors of Ferrellgas
* T. James Ferrell (1939–2020), American engraver and medalist
* Jim Ferrell (James Allen Ferrell, born 1966), American lawyer and politician
# Paul Jadin

Paul F. Jadin (born May 2, 1955) is a retired American politician from Green Bay, Wisconsin. He was the last secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Commerce and the first C.E.O. of its successor, the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation, during the administration of Governor Scott Walker. He previously served as the 46th mayor of Green Bay, Wisconsin, from 1995 to 2003, and the C.E.O. of the Green Bay Area Chamber of Commerce.

## Electoral history

Jadin won his first general election with 55% of the vote and was the first mayor of Green Bay in over fifty years to run for re-election unopposed.
Prior to his election, Jadin had been the city's personnel director. After leaving office, he became president of the Green Bay Area Chamber of Commerce. He resigned the position on December 28, 2010. Shortly thereafter, he was appointed as the Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Commerce in Governor Scott Walker's cabinet.
In September 2012, CEO/Secretary Paul Jadin resigned from his position in the former Wisconsin Department of Commerce, which had become the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation, to take a position with Thrive, which serves an eight-county region around Madison, Wisconsin.

## Family

Jadin married Jane M. Stangel on August 27, 1982. They have four children.
# Paul Jaeschke

Carl Otto Ferdinand Paul Jaeschke (4 August 1851 – 27 January 1901) was a German naval officer and governor of the German-leased Kiautschou Bay concession from 19 February 1899 to 27 January 1901.

## Biography

Jaeschke was born the son of a banker in Breslau. When he passed a one-year exam, he entered on 26 April 1868, as a midshipman in the North German Federal Navy. On 18 November 1875, Jaeschke was promoted to lieutenant and subsequently he went through various land and sea uses, which also included foreign uses e.g. in 1875 with the Augusta on the foreign station for the east coast of North America and the West Indies area.
On 16 April 1881, Jaeschke was promoted to Kapitänleutnant and speaker in the inspection of the torpedo. From 1886 to 1888, he was commander of the gunboat SMS Wolf on the East Asian foreign station. On 15 November 1888, he was promoted to corvette captain and in the same year commander of the torpedo department in Kiel. In 1895, he became captain at sea and assigned to command SMS Kaiser.
In May 1896, Jaeschke was ordered back to Berlin to take over the Foreign Department in the German Imperial Naval High Command. On 10 October 1898, Jaeschke was appointed by Alfred von Tirpitz as governor of the German-leased Kiautschou Bay concession, but only arrived at Tsingtau on 18 February 1899.
Jaeschke died on 27 January 1901, of typhoid fever.
# James P. Noonan

James Patrick Noonan (December 15, 1871 – December 4, 1929) was an American labor union leader.
Born in St. Louis, Noonan left school when he was 14 to work in a mill. He served in the Spanish-American War, before becoming an electrician, and in 1900 joining the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. He became president of his local in 1904, and then vice-president of the international union in 1905. To take up this post, he moved to Springfield, Illinois.
In 1918, Noonan became acting president of the union, and was then elected in his own right the following year. He became a vice president of the Building Trades Department in 1922, and a vice-president of the American Federation of Labor in 1924. That year, he was also elected to the national committee of the Conference for Progressive Political Action, and on to both the National Public Safety Committee, and the United States Committee on Seasonal Employment in the Building Industry.
In 1929, Noonan fell asleep while smoking in his apartment. This caused a fire, in which he died.
# James Scott Sledge

James Scott Sledge has been appointed to the position of Chief Copyright Royalty Judge. He will serve a term of six years, subject to reappointment to additional terms.
Mr. Sledge recently retired as a United States bankruptcy judge in the Northern District of Alabama, where he served since 1991. As a federal judge in Northern Alabama, Judge Sledge presided over a heavy volume of cases, while he worked with national judges’ organizations.
Mr. Sledge was the chair of the Judicial Division of the American Bar Association, the largest judges’ organization in the world, and he was the first Article 1 judge to become the chair of the National Conference of Federal Trial Judges. In addition to his duties as a bankruptcy judge, he served twelve years on the Alabama State Council on the Arts, where he was chair for two years. Other arts jobs include service as a director on the regional Southern Arts Federation, representing Alabama, a director of the Alabama Symphony Orchestra and Alabama advocacy captain for Americans for the Arts.
# James Stott

James Stott may refer to:
* Jimmy Stott, English footballer
* James Stott (trade unionist), British trade union leader
* Jim Stott, English rugby league footballer
# James Frere

James Arnold Frere FSA (20 April 1920 – 26 November 1994) was an English herald who was officer of arms at the College of Arms in London.

## Biography

He was the only son of John Geoffrey Frere of Hartley and Violet Ivy Sparks. Following military service in the Intelligence Corps, he began his heraldic career on 24 February 1948 when he was appointed Bluemantle Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary. Interested in costume, he took part in the ceremonies for the funeral of King George VI and the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. He held this post until his appointment as Chester Herald of Arms in Ordinary on 23 January 1956 to replace John Heaton-Armstrong. Frere would hold this post until his retirement in 1960 to work in the Law Courts in the Strand. He was author of The British Monarchy at Home (1963) and co-author with the Duchess of Bedford of Now...the Duchess (1964). He inherited a coat of arms from his father. The blazon was Or two Leopards Faces in pale between Flaunches Gules.

## Arms

Coat of arms of James Arnold Frere :
* Adopted1948
* CrestOut of a ducal coronet gules an heraldic antelope's head argent, armed, crined & tufted gules.
* EscutcheonOr, 2 leopard's faces between 2 flanches gules.
* MottoTraditum Ab Antiquis Servare. Frère Ayme Frère.
* BadgeBadge granted 1948: On a mount vert an heraldic antelope lodged argent, armed, crined, tufted & unguled & gorged with a 'ducal' coronet therefrom a chain over the back gules.
# James Frew

James Frew might refer to:
* James Frew, founder of Frewville, South Australia
* Jimmy Frew (footballer, born 1892), Scottish footballer
* Jimmy Frew (footballer, born 1895) (1895–1985), Scottish footballer
# James W. Murphy

James W. Murphy may refer to:
* James W. Murphy (politician) (1852–?), Wisconsin state legislator
* James William Murphy (1858–1927), United States Representative from Wisconsin
* James Murphy (soccer, born 1936), retired American soccer player
* James W. Murphy (horse trainer) (1926–2009), America racehorse trainer - namesake of the James W. Murphy Stakes
# James Louis O'Donel

James Louis O'Donel (1737, Knocklofty, County Tipperary, Ireland – April 1, 1811, Waterford, Ireland) was the first Roman Catholic bishop of St. John's, Newfoundland.

## Life

O'Donel was born into a prosperous family and received a classical Christian education before entering the Franciscan order. After the Penal Laws ceased to be rigorously enforced, he travelled to Rome to study for the priesthood, becoming ordained in 1770. He later taught philosophy and theology in Prague, and in 1777 became the Franciscan Prior in Waterford.
Following developments in England, Catholics in Newfoundland gradually gained religious liberty, made explicit by a public declaration by the Governor in 1784. After a request from Irish merchants there to Bishop William Egan, O'Donel was sent to St. John's as Prefect Apostolic the same year, largely to deal with the presence of "unlicensed" and "unruly" priests on the island. In addition to his personal popularity, one of his qualifications for the position was an ability to preach in Irish language in Newfoundland.
O'Donel found that insubordinate priests were fighting Irish battles, and set about reorganizing the Catholic Church in Newfoundland. He built a chapel in St. John's, established parishes outside the capital, and gradually brought priests under his authority. During his first few years in post, O'Donel also found that Catholic Emancipation was less than absolute, and in 1786 he was physically assaulted by the future King of England, Prince William Henry. In 1796, O'Donel was consecrated as titular bishop of Thyatira at Quebec on 21 September.
O'Donel's ministry in Newfoundland was largely characterized by trying to maintain peace, both between fellow Catholics and with the British. In 1800, imminent plans for a United Irishmen uprising by the soldiers in the St. John's garrison (including other ranks in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, the Royal Newfoundland Fencibles and the Royal Artillery) was prevented when a terrified O'Donel, upon hearing of the plans, alerted the authorities. The 19th-century historian Charles Pedley alleged that O'Donel shared his information in violation of the Seal of Confession, but credible evidence for this claim is absent.
O'Donel's health deteriorated in the early 19th century, and he resigned his position in 1807 and returned to Ireland. He died of shock in 1811 after suffering minor injuries in a fire.

## Views

Theologically, O'Donel subscribed to the Augustinian position that religion imposes a "reverential fear" on mankind's "naturally licentious" nature. This, and his belief in the essential mystery of the divine nature gave rise to his support for religious tolerance, since God's inscrutability would inevitably lead to theological disagreement, but furthermore, as he wrote to his contemporary John Jones, "an observant [C]hristian of any denomination is...a better man".
# Pavel Kogan

Pavel Kogan is the name of:
* Pavel Kogan (poet) (1918–1942), Soviet poet
* Pavel Kogan (conductor) (born 1952), Russian violinist and conductor
# Jan Palinek

Jan Palinek (born 13 February 1969) is a Czech former football player. He played 334 top-flight matches in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. After making 34 appearances in the Czechoslovak First League for Baník Ostrava, Palinek went on to play 300 times in the Gambrinus liga for various clubs including Drnovice, Brno and Slovácko.
Following his professional career, Palinek moved to TJ Vlčnov to play on an amateur basis.
# Pavesich v. New England Life Insurance Company

Pavesich v. New England Life Insurance Company was a court case decided by the Georgia Supreme Court in 1905. It is noteworthy as one of the first explicit endorsements of the right to privacy as derived from natural law in US law. In 1997, author Judith Wagner DeCew stated, "Pavesich was the first case to recognize privacy as a right in tort law by invoking natural law, common law, and constitutional values." it has been cited in 209 US legal cases, including 4 US Supreme Court cases.
The case revolved around the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company (now MetLife) using an image of Paolo Pavesich in an advertisement that Pavesich considered a breach of privacy and libelous.
# James Towers English

James Towers English (22 February 1782 – 26 September 1819) was an Anglo-Irish commander of British Legions forces in the Spanish American wars of independence.

## Biography

James Towers English was the son of a well-to-do Dublin merchant. He went into business supplying horses to the British Army until his company went bankrupt, then took a job with the army Commissariat as a clerk. In May 1817 he met Luis López Méndez, the representative of Simon Bolívar in London. Claiming to have been a cavalry lieutenant, he was made a captain in the '1st Venezuelan Hussars' and sailed for South America in December 1817. He fought with distinction at the battle of Ortiz on 26 March 1818, and was promoted to full colonel and appointed second-in-command of the British Guard of Honor led by James Rooke.
In May 1818, he signed a contract with the Patriot government to recruit and equip a British force of 1,000 men, in return for which he was promised £50 per head and a General's commission. By painting a rosy picture of pay and conditions in South America, he succeeded in recruiting between 1,000 and 2,000 mercenaries, who sailed during the following months. English returned to Venezuela and landed on Margarita Island in mid-April, 1819 where he was confirmed in the rank of Brigadier General and was given command of all the foreign mercenaries, as subordinate to Venezuelan General Rafael Urdaneta.
In July 1819 he participated in storming the fortress of El Morro, which guarded the city Barcelona. His troops looted the city, drank all the alcohol they could find and devastated their section of the town. On August 7 1819 Urdaneta's army attempted to storm Maturín but failed after grievous losses in their assault against Fort Agua Santa, while General English remained in the rear pleading sickness. With his authority destroyed, English was replaced as leader of the British Legion by Colonel John Blossett. English retired to Margarita Island where he died of illness on 26 September 1819 and is buried in a cemetery overlooking Juan Griego Bay. His wife, Mary, remained in Colombia and married the English trader William Greenup.
# Jan Zavřel

Jan Zavřel (5 May 1879 – 3 June 1946) was a Czech zoologist and entomologist. He served as a dean and rector of Masaryk University in Brno. He was a specialist on the Chironomidae and the insect genera Zavrelia and Zavreliella are name after him.

## Biography

Zavřel was born on 5 May 1879 in Třebíč, where his father was the botanist František Zavřel (1843–1905). After studies at the Třebíč gymnasium, he studied zoology under František Vejdovský and graduated in 1903 from Charles University. He then became a school teacher working in Hodonín and Hradec Králové. He joined Masaryk University in 1920 and was founder of the institute of zoology. In 1933 he became rector of the Masaryk University. He studied the Chironomidae of the region.
Zavřel died on 3 June 1946 in Brno, at the age of 67.
# Pay car

A pay car was an official railway car operated as a mobile bank to disburse cash wages to railway employees in locations including North America and Australia. Railway company employees were widely dispersed with some maintaining track in relatively remote locations, while others moved from place to place with train crews. A railway pay car was typically attached to a train traveling over the line at fixed intervals to disburse wages to employees, who would assemble at every station and designated intermediate stopping points to be paid. The pay car was usually a converted passenger car fitted out with two doors allowing formation of a queue through the identification and disbursing procedure. The pay car also contained sleeping and eating facilities for the paymaster, armed guards, clerks maintaining pay records, and a cook.

## History

Railways brought industrialized jobs to remote locations without banking facilities. Efficiency was increased by avoiding wasted man-hours assembling employees at a central pay location. The trains offered greater security than alternative methods of bringing payroll cash to remote locations. The pay car might be run as a separate extra train or included in a regularly scheduled train, with appropriate routing and scheduling to accommodate the numerous stops. Pay cars were discontinued in favor of wage paychecks when local banks became available and automobile ownership increased among employees. Canadian Pacific Railway operated the last pay car in the United States or Canada weekly over the International Railway of Maine until 6 July 1960. Mexican railways used pay cars for a few more decades.