OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Howard Garns

Howard Garns (March 2, 1905 – October 6, 1989) was an American architect who gained fame only after his death as the creator of Number Place, the number puzzle that became a worldwide phenomenon under the name Sudoku.

## Invention of Number Place

Garns's colleagues at the Daggett architecture firm in Indianapolis recall the designer working on the game on one of the company's drawing boards. George Wiley, a draftsman for the firm between 1957 and 1967, told Indianapolis Monthly: "We had two extra drawing boards and one day Howard was sitting over there. I walked over and asked what he was working on and he said, 'Oh, a game'. It looked like a crossword puzzle but it had numbers. It had little squares. I walked around on his side and he covered it up. It was a secret."
Robert Hindman, another draftsman at the firm, corroborated the story. "I saw sketches and I thought it was a crossword puzzle, but I wasn't really interested in it," he said. "But it was his thing. He just loved doing it."
Dell Pencil Puzzles and Word Games, which first published Number Place in May 1979, did not publish Garns's byline on the puzzle. However, Will Shortz, a crossword compiler for The New York Times, discovered that Garns's name appeared in the list of contributors at the front of the magazine whenever Number Place appeared, and was absent from all other editions.
Garns was alive when Number Place, renamed Su Doku, became popular in Japan in the mid-1980s, but died before it became an international phenomenon in November 2004, when it was printed by The Times of London.

## Personal life

Garns was born in Connersville, Indiana, and by his teens had moved to Indianapolis with his father, W. H. Garns, an architect. He attended Indianapolis Technical High School and graduated in 1922. He entered the University of Illinois, and received a Bachelor of Science in architectural engineering in 1926. He worked for his father's firm until the Second World War, when he became a captain in the US Army Corps of Engineers. He joined the Daggett architecture firm after the war.
According to friends, he always looked sharp in bespoke suits and sported a thin moustache.
He died of cancer on October 6, 1989, and was buried in Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis.
# Hopewell, Gibson County, Tennessee

36°04′52″N 89°04′42″W﻿ / ﻿36.08111°N 89.07833°W﻿ / 36.08111; -89.07833 Hopewell (also, Gregory) is an unincorporated community in Gibson County, Tennessee, United States, located East of Yorkville. It lies at an elevation of 338 feet (103 m).
# Paruna Wildlife Sanctuary

Paruna Wildlife Sanctuary is a 20-square-kilometre (7.7 sq mi) nature reserve in the Avon Valley, 50 kilometres (31 mi) north-east of Perth in south-west Western Australia. It is in the Avon-Wheatbelt Bioregion and is owned and managed by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC).

## History

Paruna Wildlife Sanctuary consists of several properties consolidated to form a 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) corridor between the Walyunga and Avon Valley National Parks. Negotiations during the 1990s culminated in its formal opening in 1998. Since then areas previously cleared have been subject to a rehabilitation program, and walking tracks constructed for public use.

## Landscape and climate

Paruna is in the Darling Range, a landscape of hills along a rocky escarpment, with river valleys. The climate is Mediterranean with winter rainfall and dry summers. Average annual rainfall is 700 millimetres (28 in).

## Ecosystems

Most of the reserve is dominated by wandoo and powderbark woodlands, with extensive areas of heathland and some patches of jarrah and marri forest. Flooded gum and paperbark occur along the Avon River.

## Fauna

Significant mammal species present are chuditch and honey possum, while an important bird is Carnaby's black-cockatoo. In collaboration with CALM, and with an ongoing program to control exotic predators such as foxes, various native mammals that would have occurred on Paruna in the past are being successfully reintroduced. These include the woylie, quenda, black-flanked rock-wallaby and the tammar wallaby.
# Psychohistorical Crisis

Psychohistorical Crisis is a science fiction novel by American-Canadian writer Donald Kingsbury, published by Tor Books in 2001. An expansion of his 1995 novella "Historical Crisis", it is a re-imagining of the world of Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, set after the establishment of the Second Empire. The book is neither officially authorized by Asimov's estate (as they had previously done with the Second Foundation Trilogy), nor is it intended to be recognized as part of his continuity.
Psychohistorical Crisis was the 2002 winner of the Prometheus Award.

## Story

Eron Osa had been one of the Pscholars, the secret leaders behind the Second Empire of humanity. For a crime he cannot remember, he was sentenced, not to death, but to the removal of his fam, his symbiotic computer mind. Without the augmentation of his brain by his electronic familiar, he can barely function on Splendid Wisdom, the capital of the Empire. Without one, simply navigating the streets of the planetary megalopolis is nearly impossible. Worse, the traumatic removal has stolen large chunks of his memory, which were never stored in his biological brain. Eron must figure out what he did and why, and he must do so soon...

## Reviews

* Review by David Langford (2002) in Vector 221
* Review by Nigel Brown (2002) in Interzone, #178 April 2002
* Review by Peter Heck (2002) in Asimov's Science Fiction, June 2002
* Review by Graham Sleight (2002) in The New York Review of Science Fiction, June 2002
* Review by Russell Blackford (2002) in The New York Review of Science Fiction, September 2002
* Review by K. V. Bailey (2002) in Foundation, #86 Autumn 2002
* Review by A. M. Dellamonica [as by Alyx Dellamonica] (2002) in Locus, #492 January 2002, (2002)
* Review by John Clute (2003) in Scores: Reviews 1993 - 2003
* Review [French] by Éric Vial (2004) in Galaxies, #35
# Gnorimoschema dudiella

Gnorimoschema dudiella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by August Busck in 1903. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona and Texas.
The wingspan is 15-17.2 mm. The forewings are bluish white, but so thickly overlaid with black and fuscous as to appear dark, each scale being mottled with white and black or dark fuscous. On the basal and apical one-third the light color prevails giving these parts a light pearl-gray appearance. On the middle of the cell is a short deep black perpendicular dash slightly edged with brown scales and at the end of the cell is another similar larger oblique velvety-black dash, also edged with light brown. Parallel with the dorsal edge and just within this is a row of three equidistant large tufts of erect scales. The hindwings are dark fuscous.
# Gentianella hyssopifolia

Gentianella hyssopifolia is a species of plant in the Gentianaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.
The Latin word hyssopifolia (which also occurs in several other plant names, including that of cuphea hyssopifolia) means "hyssop-leafed".
# Hoya cinnamomifolia

Hoya cinnamomifolia is a vine that comes from the island of Java. It is one of the larger members of the Hoya genus with typically one leaf per node. Each leaf is large, dark green, and has lighter colored veins that run parallel to the leaf. The leaves can get as big as 15 cm by 6 cm. Hoya cinnamomifolia got its name due to the resemblance of its leaves to those of Cinnamomum verum.
The flowers produced come in umbels of 20-30 and have a lime green corolla and bright burgundy corona. The corolla of each flower appears bent backwards and the corona protrudes out but has a flat surface. On the flowers is produced a sugary nectar and the flowers are rather short lived. Each flower is 2 cm in diameter.
# Hoʻopiʻi Falls

Hoʻopiʻi Falls are a series of waterfalls along the Kapaʻa Stream, located near the Kapaʻa town on the east shore of Kauai, Hawaii. The falls were used as a filming location in Jurassic Park (1993) for the fictional site of the "Mano de Dios Amber Mine" in the Dominican Republic.
# Nordaustpynten

Nordaustpynten is a headland at Kongsøya of the Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, the most northeastern point of the island.
# HpaII

HpaII (IntEnz: EC 3.1.21.4) is a restriction enzyme obtained from the microorganism Haemophilus parainfluenzae. It is a DNA restriction enzyme, therefore it has the ability to cut the DNA from certain region as demonstrated below. It has the ability to produce cohesive ends, which are rather useful in constructing plasmids.
| Recognition sequence | Cut results |
| 5' CCGG 3' GGCC | 5' C CGG 3' GGC C |
HpaII will not cut sites that have been methylated by SssI methyltransferase or HpaII methyltransferase. When the sites have been methylated by MspI methyltransferase, the enzyme will cut 300 times slower than unmethylated DNA and 50 times slower if the DNA is hemi-methylated. This feature is exploited for determination of the clonal origin of a mammalian female tumor through HUMARA assay.
# Huancaraylla District

Huancaraylla District is one of twelve districts of the Víctor Fajardo Province in Peru.

## Geography

One of the highest peaks of the district is Wayta Wayta at 4,600 m (15,100 ft). Other mountains are listed below:
* Aqu Q'asa
* Hatun Urqu
* Inti Watana
* K'ark'a Pata
* Llut'u Pukyu
* Punta Urqu
* Qichqa Urqu
* Saywa
* Wank'a Saywa
* Yana Pukyu
* Yuraq Urqu

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (92.34%) learnt to speak in childhood, 7.54% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).
# John Leighton (curator)

Sir John Leighton (born 22 February 1959) is a British art historian, curator and museum director. He was (until October 2023 when Anne Lyden took control) Director-General of the National Galleries of Scotland.

## Early life

Leighton was born in Belfast in 1959 and educated at Portora Royal School Enniskillen (1970 – 77). He studied Fine Art at the University of Edinburgh and Edinburgh College of Art, graduating in 1982. He undertook postgraduate studies at the Courtauld Institute of Art in London, obtaining an MA in 1983.

## Career

Leighton was Curator of 19th-century paintings at the National Gallery in London from 1986 until 1997. He was responsible for numerous exhibitions during this period including Caspar David Friedrich’s Winter Landscapes (1990), Art in the Making: Impressionism (1990), Seurat’s Bathers (1997). He was Director of the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam from 1997 until 2006. Leighton has been Director-General of the National Galleries of Scotland since 2006. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2008.
In recognition of his contribution to the arts, he was appointed Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2005, awarded an honorary degree from the University of Edinburgh in 2009 and a knighthood in December 2012. Leighton is a board member of the De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art in Tilburg; chair of the Council of Specialists of the H'ART Museum and a member of the supervisory board of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
John Leighton has written several books and articles, including: 100 Masterpieces, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2015 Manet and the Sea, with Gloria Groom et al. (Art Institute of Chicago, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Van Gogh Museum, 2003 –2004). The Van Gogh Museum: A portrait, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam 2003 Signac 1863 -1935 with Marina Ferretti-Bocquillon et al. (Grand Palais, Paris, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2001). Seurat's Bathers with Richard Thomson (National Gallery, London, 1997) Art in the Making: Impressionism with David Bomford et al.(National Gallery, London, 1990) Caspar David Friedrich 'Winter Landscape’ with Colin J. Bailey (National Gallery, London, 1989) French Paintings from the USSR with Alastair Smith et al. (National Gallery, London, 1988)

## Personal life

Leighton is married to Gill Keay; they have one daughter and one son.
# Texas's 54th House of Representatives district

The 54th district of the Texas House of Representatives contains roughly half of the population of Bell County, and includes most of the city of Killeen. The current representative is Brad Buckley, who was first elected in 2018.
# Pannwitz

Pannwitz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Erika Pannwitz (1904–1975 ), German mathematician
* Heinz Pannwitz (1911–1975), German Gestapo and Schutzstaffel (SS) officer
* Helmuth von Pannwitz (1898–1947), German general
* Rudolf Pannwitz (1881–1969), German writer, poet and philosopher
# Welham, Malton

Welham is a place in the civil parish of Malton, in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated south west of Malton.
The Malton & Norton Golf Club is located to the north of the locality. Welham Hall is the main residence.

## History

In the Domesday Book, Welham in the hundred of Scard, is mentioned as being held in 1066 by Edeva, wife of Topi, and in 1086 by Ranulph de Mortimer.
# Parungu Kasera

Parungu Kasera (Kata ya Parungu Kasera, in Swahili) is an administrative ward and district capital of the Mkinga District of the Tanga Region in Tanzania. North of the ward, Mwakijembe, Duga, and Sigaya form its borders. Moa and Manza wards form the eastern boundary of the ward. The wards of Mkinga and Doda are to the south. Bwiti ward is the final area to the west. According to the 2012 Census the ward had a population of 4,560

## Administration

The postal code for Parungu Kasera Ward is 21515. The ward is divided into the following neighborhoods (Mitaa):

### Government

The ward, like every other ward in the country, has local government offices based on the population served.The Parungu Kasera Ward administration building houses a court as per the Ward Tribunal Act of 1988, including other vital departments for the administration the ward. The ward has the following administration offices:
* Parungu Kasera Police Station
* Parungu Kasera Government Office (Afisa Mtendaji)
* Parungu Kasera Tribunal (Baraza La Kata) is a Department inside Ward Government Office
In the local government system of Tanzania, the ward is the smallest democratic unit. Each ward is composed of a committee of eight elected council members which include a chairperson, one salaried officer (with no voting rights), and an executive officer. One-third of seats are reserved for women councillors.

## Demographics

Like much of the district, the ward is the ancestral home of the Digo people.

## Education and health
### Education

The ward is home to these educational institutions:
* Kasera Primary School
* Mzingi Primary School
* Magodi Primary School

### Healthcare

The ward is home to the following health institutions:
* Magodi Health Center
# Hopewell, Fauquier County, Virginia

Hopewell is an unincorporated community in Fauquier County, Virginia, United States. It lies at an elevation of 679 feet (207 m).
# Psychograph

The psychograph was a phrenology machine, invented and marketed by Henry C. Lavery in the early part of the 20th century.
The psychograph claimed to mechanically discern a subject's aptitudes in a number of mental faculties. It was designed to measure the person's head according to the principles of phrenology. Lavery patented his first psychograph in 1905 while living in Superior, Wisconsin. Eventually he joined with Frank P. White to form the Psychograph Company, based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, which operated from 1929 to 1937. They produced a machine which measured the subject's head at 32 points and used those measurements to report the person's supposed mental attributes on a five-point scale ranging from "deficient" to "very superior".
The partners had some initial success in selling or leasing out the psychograph. The machines were sometimes installed in theater lobbies or department stores as novelty items for customers to use. The popularity of the device helped maintain interest in phrenology in America well into the 1930s. In the late 1930s the psychograph was withdrawn from the market due to falling sales and increased skepticism from the public.
There is a psychograph on display at the Museum of Questionable Medical Devices, located at the Science Museum of Minnesota. Visitors to the museum can "have their heads examined" with the machine.
# United European Car Carriers

United European Car Carriers (UECC) is a Norwegian roll-on/roll-off shipping line, created in 1990 and based in Oslo, Norway. The company primarily transports cargo on short sea routes within Europe.

## History

The company had its roots in Ugland-Aall Car Carriers (UACC), established in the 1970s. Johan Benad Ugland was a shareholder in the group. In 1990, its commercial operations and fleet of 19 vessels were sold (and rebranded as United European Car Carriers) to focus together with Leif Höegh & Co, on Hoegh-Ugland Autoliners ("HUAL") as a deep sea Roll-on/roll-off carrier. From 1990, UECC is jointly owned by Nippon Yusen Kaisha and Wallenius Lines, in a 50-50 share agreement.
The main purpose of the acquisition was the plan to offer short sea service for Japanese automobile manufacturers that had manufacturing plants in Europe, along with improving the intra-Europe feeder network, by providing extensive connections to a number of destinations that could not be served by oceanic vessels due to physical or commercial limitations.
UECC was the first roll-on/roll-off line to build and deploy a liquified natural gas-powered ship. In 2016, the company took delivery of two dual fuel LNG pure car and truck carriers, Auto Eco and Auto Energy, of the 1A Super Finnish/Swedish ice class. At that time, the vessels were the largest dual fuel vessels in the world, with a capacity of 4,000 cars each.

## Operations

UECC has 18 vessels that call at over 25 ports every week. Its trade routes include Belgium-Germany to the Scandinavian and Baltic countries (including Russia), Mediterranean to Northern Europe (including Greece, Turkey, Italy), Spain and France to UK and Netherlands.
The main business is the domestic maritime transport and distribution of cargo such as automobiles, trucks, trailers, Mafi roll trailers, heavy construction machineries and further types of rolling freight.
The company is also active in terminal operations, controlling some of the on-shore activities, vehicles handling and storage facilities of ports such as Pasajes and Vigo in Spain, and Zeebrugge in Belgium. Aside from its headquarters in Oslo, UECC also has four other branch offices in Madrid, Setubal, Odessa and Grimsby.
# Gentianella limoselloides

Gentianella limoselloides is a species of plant in the family Gentianaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.
# Huancapón District

Huancapón District is one of five districts of the province Cajatambo in Peru.
# John Hoyle

John Hoyle may refer to:
* John Hoyle (died 1692), bisexual lawyer in London and an alleged lover of the writer Aphra Behn
* John Hoyle (author) (d. 1797?), author of a dictionary of musical terms
* John Hoyle (diplomat) (1927–2012), Australian public servant and diplomat
# Madonna and Child (Donatello, Louvre)

Madonna and Child is a c. 1440 painted terracotta relief attributed to Donatello of the Madonna and Child that is now in the Louvre.
Ludwig Goldscheider states in his book Donatello, “There are no Madonna reliefs that can be accepted with perfect confidence as having been chiseled by Donatello”(Not that chisels would have been used to make a terracotta relief.)

## Sources

* ↑ "Louvre Museum Official Website". cartelen.louvre.fr.
* ↑ Goldscheider, Ludwig, Donatello, Phaidon Edition, Oxford University Press, New York, 1941, pps. 41, 45
# Panhypocrisiade

La Panhypocrisiade, ou la comédie infernale du seizième siècle (The Panhypocrisiade, or The Infernal Comedy of the Sixteenth Century) is a poem in sixteen cantos by Louis Jean Népomucène Lemercier, composed essentially under the French Consulate but not published until 1819 (see 1819 in poetry).
The work is similar to Tragiques by Agrippa d'Aubigné, which has a similar style. The poem contains a conversation between a worm and Death, the complaints of an oak tree assailed by soldiers, an argument between Martin Luther and the Devil, and a visit to Rabelais by Reason personified, among other étrangetés.
A passage from the section featuring Rabelais gives an idea of the surprising style of this poem:
C'est Carême-Prenant, que l'orgueil mortifie: Son peuple, ichtyophage, efflanqué, vaporeux, A l'oreille qui tinte et l'esprit rêve-creux. Envisage non loin ces zélés Papimanes, Qui, sur l'amour divin, sont plus forts que des ânes, Et qui, béats fervents, engraissés de tous biens, Rôtissent mainte andouille et maints luthériens. Ris de la nation des moines gastrolâtres: Aperçois-tu le dieu don't ils sont idolâtres? Ce colosse arrondi, grondant, sourd, et sans yeux, Premier auteur des arts cultivés sous les cieux, Seul roi des volontés, tyran des consciences, Et maître ingénieux de toutes les sciences, C'est le ventre ! le ventre ! Oui, messire Gaster Des hommes de tout temps fut le grand magister, Et toujours se vautra la canaille insensée Pour ce dieu, don't le trône est la selle percée. J'en pleure et ris ensemble; et tour à tour je crois Retrouver Héraclite et Démocrite en moi. Hu ! hu ! dis-je en pleurant, quoi ! ce dieu qui digère, Quoi ! tant d'effets si beaux, le ventre les opère! Hu ! hu ! lamentons-nous ! hu ! quels honteux destins, De nous tant agiter pour nos seuls intestins! Hu ! hu ! hu ! de l'esprit quel pitoyable centre! L'homme en tous ses travaux a donc pour but le ventre! Mais tel que Grand-Gousier pleurant sur Badebec, Se tournant vers son fils sent ses larmes à sec; Hi ! hi ! dis-je en riant, hi ! hi ! hi ! quel prodige, Qu'ainsi depuis Adam le ventre nous oblige À labourer, semer, moissonner, vendanger, Bâtir, chasser, pêcher, combattre, naviguer, Peindre, chanter, danser, forger, filer et coudre, Alambiquer, peser les riens, l'air et la poudre, Étre prédicateurs, poètes, avocats, Titrer, mitrer, bénir, couronner des Midas, Nous lier à leur cour comme à l'unique centre, Hi ! hi ! tout cela, tout, hi ! hi ! hi ! pour le ventre! (From Canto 11)
A fully digitized copy of the 1819 edition of the text can be found by searching the Gallica project of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.