OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hudson Armerding

Hudson Taylor Armerding (June 21, 1918 – December 1, 2009) was President of Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois, from 1965 to 1982. He was also president of the National Association of Evangelicals from 1970 to 1972.

## Biography

Born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Armerding was the son of an itinerant preacher and grew up in a variety of places in the Southwest U.S. His high school graduation in San Diego, California was in 1935. For two years after his high school graduation, he lived in Wellington, New Zealand, working on a farm.
Armerding earned an undergraduate degree in history from Wheaton in 1941, where he was a classmate and good friend of Billy Graham (who had transferred in to Wheaton from Bob Jones University via the Florida Bible Institute), and received a master's degree in international affairs from Clark University in 1942.
In World War II, Armerding served as a line officer in the Pacific Ocean aboard the heavy cruiser USS Wichita, which participated in 11 naval engagements, including the invasion of Okinawa. After the war, Armerding helped liberate a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp near Nagasaki.
In 1948, Armerding earned a doctorate (PhD) in history at the University of Chicago.
From 1949 until 1961, Armerding taught and served as a dean and eventually acting president at Gordon College and Gordon Seminary in Wenham, Mass. In 1961, he was appointed Professor of History at Wheaton and a year later, in 1962, became Provost.
In 1965, Armerding succeeded the retiring V. Raymond Edman as Wheaton's president and Edman became Chancellor.
During Armerding's Presidency, Wheaton College constructed a new library and a new science building, eventually renamed Armerding Hall. Armerding retired from Wheaton in 1982.
Armerding served as a vice president of the Quarryville Presbyterian Retirement Community in Quarryville, Pennsylvania from 1985 until 1999.
In 2007, he was moved to Windsor Park Manor in Carol Stream, Illinois, where he battled with dementia until his death (in his home) in 2009.
# IT-Political Association of Denmark

The IT-Political Association (Danish: IT-Politisk Forening, commonly known as IT-Pol) is a Danish non-profit NGO, which works to collect information on IT and convey this to politicians and the society to get the best possible grounds for legislation. The association is independent of political parties and communicates with politicians from all political parties. Membership is open to anyone.
IT-Pol is the Danish equivalent of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
The Free Software privacy CD, Polippix, was started by the IT-Political Association.

## Issues

IT-Pol is primarily concerned with issues that restricts citizens and innovation.

### Censorship

Denmark is one of the countries in which most ISPs filters DNS traffic by default. IT-Pol regards this policy as censorship, as the filter filters content that is legal to view in Denmark.

### Privacy

The Danish surveillance law, Overvågningsloven (in Danish) was actively fought by IT-Pol. IT-Pol developed a CD called Polippix that can mitigate most of the Internet related surveillance included in the surveillance law.

### Software patents

IT-Pol believes software patents are not beneficial for innovation and therefore fights Software Patents.

### Copyright

IT-Pol believes the balance between society and rights holder should be pushed more towards the society.

### Digital rights management

IT-Pol believes digital rights management causes problems for normal citizens and therefore is not in the interest of the citizens. IT-Pol therefore fights DRM.

### Open Standards

IT-Pol believes open standards will foster innovation and remove lock-in. IT-Pol therefore promotes Open Standards and fights proprietary standards.

### E-voting

IT-Pol believes E-voting should only be allowed if the election has an analog audit trail (paper trail).

### Use of IT in the public sector

IT-Pol believes the public sector should use IT that makes interoperation with the citizens easier.

### Spam

IT-Pol supports the ban on E-mail spam.
# Peach Blossom (disambiguation)

The peach blossom, Thyatira batis, is a moth in the family Drepanidae.
Peach Blossom may also refer to:
* Euthyatira pudens, a moth in the family Drepanidae
* Peach blossom, flowers of the peach tree, Prunus persica
* Peach Blossom Island, an island
* Peach Blossoms, a candy
* Princess Peach's Final Smash in Super Smash Bros.
* Peach Blossom (My Little Pony), a fictional character
* Peach Blossom (film), a 1945 Mexican film
# Portrait of a Young Man (Masaccio)

Portrait of a Young Man is a painting attributed to the Italian Renaissance painter Masaccio, although this attribution is disputed. The identity of the chaperon-wearing subject of this painting is unknown. The portrait is currently displayed in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
# Miers Bluff

Miers Bluff is the point forming the southwest extremity of Hurd Peninsula, the southeast side of the entrance to South Bay and the northwest side of the entrance to False Bay, on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name "Elephant Point", given by Robert Fildes in 1820–22 to another feature, has been for a number of years applied in error to this bluff. It is now approved as originally intended and a new name has been substituted for the feature here described.
The point is named after John Miers, British engineer and botanist who travelled to Chile in 1818 and was responsible for the publication in 1820 of the first chart of the South Shetland Islands, based on the work of William Smith.

## Location

The point is located at (62°43′12.3″S 60°26′11.3″W﻿ / ﻿62.720083°S 60.436472°W﻿ / -62.720083; -60.436472) which is 6.6 kilometres (4.1 mi) northwest of Barnard Point, 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) southeast of Hannah Point and 7.8 kilometres (4.8 mi) southwest of Napier Peak (British mapping in 1968, detailed Spanish mapping in 1991, and Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009). The U.S. Geological Survey gives the location as 62°43′S 60°27′W﻿ / ﻿62.717°S 60.450°W﻿ / -62.717; -60.450.

## Maps

* Isla Livingston: Península Hurd. Mapa topográfico de escala 1:25 000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1991.
* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5 (First edition 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4)
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0
# Tiphioidea

Tiphioidea is a suggested superfamily of stinging wasps in the order Hymenoptera. There are three families in Tiphioidea, Bradynobaenidae, Tiphiidae, and Sierolomorphidae.
Recent research in molecular phylogenetics has resulted in the reorganization of the infraorder Aculeata, which now contains eight superfamilies: Apoidea, Chrysidoidea, Formicoidea, Pompiloidea, Scolioidea, Tiphioidea, Thynnoidea, and Vespoidea.
# Antoine Louis Dugès

Antoine Louis Dugès (19 December 1797 – 1 May 1838) was a French obstetrician and naturalist born in Charleville-Mézières, Ardennes. He was the father of zoologist Alfredo Dugès (1826–1910), and a nephew to midwife Marie-Louise Lachapelle (1769–1821).
He studied medicine in Paris and began work as a prosector in 1820. In 1825 he received his agrégation, shortly afterwards being appointed professor of obstetrics at the University of Montpellier. In 1826, he published Manuel d'obstétrique, a textbook on obstetrics that was published in several editions. He was also responsible for the publication of his aunt's works on obstetrics.
As a zoologist, Dugès conducted osteological and myological studies of amphibians. He also performed extensive research of acarids (mites). In 1838, he published an influential work on comparative physiology, titled Traité de physiologie comparée.
He was a member of several learned societies, including the Académie de Médecine and the Académie des sciences de Paris. He died in Montpellier on 1 May 1838, at the age of 40.

## Eponyms

Antoine Louis Dugès is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of lizard, Lacerta dugesii.
The genus of freshwater planarians Dugesia is named after him.

## Selected publications

* Essai sur la nature de la fièvre, 1823
* Manuel d'obstétrique, 1826
* Discours sur les causes et le traitement des difformités du rachis, 1827
* Recherches sur l'organisation et les mœurs des Planariées, 1828
* Mémoire sur la conformité organique dans l'échelle animale, 1832
* Recherches sur l'ostéologie et la myologie des batraciens à leurs différens âges, 1834
* Recherches sur l'ordre des Acariens en général et la famille des Trombidées en particulier, 1834
* Traité de physiologie comparée, 1838

## Source

* This article is based on a translation of an equivalent article at the French Wikipedia, reference listed as: Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales: vol. 64, 1884, p. 642
# Jose Santos (disambiguation)

José A. Santos (born 1961) is a retired Chilean thoroughbred jockey.
Jose Santos or José Santos may also refer to:
* José Santos Becerra
* José Santos Chocano (1875–1934)
* José Santos González Vera (1897–1970), a Chilean anarchist writer
* José Santos Guardiola (1816–1862)
* José Santos Quinteros (1865–1951), a Bolivian lawyer, professor and politician
* José Santos Poyatos (born 1962), an athlete from Spain
* José Santos Ramírez (c. 1790–1851), an Argentine soldier
* Jose Santos Rios (1939–2018), a Northern Mariana Islands politician
* José Santos Romero (born 1951), an Argentine football manager and former player
* José Santos Salas (1888–1955), a Chilean physician and politician
* José Santos Valdés (born 1997), a Mexican sport shooter
* José Santos Zelaya (1853–1919), President of Nicaragua
* José Santos, a pseudonym of the American composer Lee Orean Smith
# Hans Stumme

Hans Stumme (3 November 1864 in Mittweida – 20 December 1936 in Dresden) was a German linguist, known for his research of Semitic and other Afroasiatic languages.
He studied at the universities of Tübingen, Halle, Leipzig and Strasbourg, obtaining his habilitation in 1895. While a student at Leipzig, his teachers were Ludolf Krehl, Albert Socin and Friedrich Delitzsch. In 1900 he became an associate professor of Oriental philology at Leipzig, where in 1909 he was named an honorary professor of Neo-Arabic and Hamitic languages.
He taught classes on Arabic literature and dialects of the Maghreb; and also gave lectures on Persian, Turkish, Maltese, Ge'ez, Hausa and Berber languages. He was an editor of the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (Journal of the German Oriental Society).

## Selected works

* Märchen der Schluḥ von Tázerwalt. (Transliteration and translation of Berber legends), 1891.
* Tunisische Maerchen und Gedichte, 1893 – Tunisian tales and poems.
* Tripolitanisch-tunisische Beduinenlieder, 1894 – Tripolitanian-Tunisian Bedouin songs.
* Chants des Bédouins de Tripoli et de la Tunisie, 1894 – Chants of Bedouins from Tripoli and Tunisia.
* Grammatik des tunisischen Arabisch nebst Glossar, 1896 – Grammar of Tunisian-Arabic with glossary.
* Märchen und gedichte aus der stadt Tripolis in Nordafrika, 1898 – Tales and poems from the city of Tripoli in North Africa.
* Handbuch des Schilhischen von Tazerwalt. Grammatik, Lesestück, Gespräche, Glossar, 1899 – Handbook of the Shilha language of Tazeroualt; grammar, reading passages, dialogs, glossary.
* Märchen der Berbern von Tamazratt in Südtunisien, 1900 – Tales of the Berbers from Tamezret in southern Tunisia.
* Arabisch, Persisch und Türkisch in den Grundzügen der Laut- und Formenlehre, 1902 – Arabic, Persian and Turkish in a general outline of phonology and morphology.
* Maltesische Märchen, Gedichte und Rätsel in deutscher Übersetzung, 1904 – Maltese stories: poems and riddles in German translation.
* Maltesische Studien; eine Sammlung prosaischer und poetischer Texte in maltesischer Sprache nebst Erläuterungen, 1904 – Maltese studies; a collection of prose and poetic texts in Maltese.
* Türkische Schrift; ein Übungsheft zum Schreibenlernen des Türkischen, 1916 – Turkish writing; an exercise book for learning how to write Turkish.
# Lebršnik

Lebršnik (Serbian Cyrillic: Лебршник) is a mountain in the municipality of Gacko, East Herzegovina, at the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. It has an altitude of 1,985 metres (6,512 ft).
# Hudson B. Cox

Hudson B. Cox was a United States lawyer who served as General Counsel of the Navy from May 16, 1947 until April 29, 1949.
# Janakinagar

Janakinagar may refer to:
* Janakinagar, Sagarmatha, Nepal
* Janakinagar, Sarlahi, Nepal
* Janakinagar, Seti, Nepal
# Joseph Tepper

Joseph Tepper 1886-1977 was a Russian, Jewish, American portrait painter and artist. He was born in Mezhirichi, but grew up and was educated in Odessa. In about 1905, he moved to Paris where he got his first formal training as an artist. He returned to Russia about the time of the start of the first World War and was living in Moscow during the Russian Revolution. He left Russia for good in 1921 and moved first to what was then the British Mandate of Palestine, then to Egypt, and finally to the United States where he lived in Boston, New Orleans, and Honolulu before retiring in Mexico.
He was an active portrait painter well into his 70s and many famous people were among his subjects including Justices Brandeis and Frankfurter of the US Supreme Court, Professors George Lyman Kittredge and Paul Freund of Harvard University, Cardinal Stritch, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, Hayim Bialik, Ahad Ha-Am, Henrietta Szold, and many more.
# TruValu Supermarket

TruValu Supermarket is a nationwide and one of the largest supermarket chain in Trinidad and Tobago. Eastern Commercial Lands trading as TruValu Supermarket. Tru Valu was established in 1978 and providing a wide variety of local and international products. The company is owned by CL Financial.
# Toberman House

Toberman Settlement House is a non-profit neighborhood center providing services to low-income residents of Los Angeles. Its efforts are aimed at helping individuals and families move from poverty to self-sufficiency. Founded in 1903 by Mayor James R. Toberman in honor of his son Homer Toberman who died of influenza in 1901, Toberman house is the oldest charity in the city of Los Angeles, and the oldest United Methodist mission project in the Western U.S. It was originally located in Echo Park, but moved to Boyle Heights in 1917, then San Pedro in 1937. Toberman House offers a wide range of social services, ranging from state-licensed K through 5 childcare, and afterschool care, to a senior's club.
# Pope Gabriel II of Alexandria

Pope Gabriel II of Alexandria, 70th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. He is commemorated in the Coptic Synaxarion on the 10th day of Parmouti.
This Pope was from the nobles of Cairo, and was a writer, scribe, and scholar. He transcribed many Arabic and Coptic books. The elders of the people and the clergy chose him for the Patriarchal Chair, and his enthronement was on the 9th day of Amshir, 847 A.M. (February 3., 1131 A.D.).
When the Caliph was asked by the Emperor of Ethiopia to appoint more bishops to his kingdom, Gabriel showed the Caliph that if that country had more than seven bishops, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church would be able, by Canon law, to select their own Abun or metropolitan bishop, thus curtailing the influence the Patriarch, and thus the Caliph, had over Ethiopia. Thus, the Emperor's request was declined.
# Hans Sturzenegger

Hans Sturzenegger (2 May 1875 – 1943) was a Swiss painter.
# Le Tartre

Le Tartre (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Hudson Architects

Hudson Architects are a British architecture practice based in Norwich, London and Holt, UK.
Hudson Architects have completed buildings in a number of different sectors. Projects include Bavent House, which won a Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Award in 2011, and the Salvation Army Citadel in Chelmsford, which won a RIBA Award in 2010. The practice has also designed Feeringbury Barn – a large converted 16th century barn in Essex, and the OPEN Youth Venue in Norwich.
# Ralph Tester

Ralph Paterson Tester (2 June 1902 – May 1998) was an administrator at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II. He founded and supervised a section named the Testery for breaking Tunny (a Fish cipher).

## Background

The Lorenz cipher machine had twelve wheels, and was thus most advanced, complex, faster and far more secure than the three-wheeled Enigma. Lorenz was used to encipher top-secret messages between German Army H.Q. in Berlin, and the top generals and field-marshals on all fronts, including Adolf Hitler himself.

## Career

Before World War II, Tester was an accountant who had worked extensively in Germany and as a result was very familiar with the German language and culture. He held a senior position in the accountancy division of Unilever.$^{:250}$ On the outbreak of war, he worked for the BBC Monitoring Service which listened in to German public radio broadcasts.

## Bletchley Park

Tester was recruited to Bletchley Park, and during later 1941 became the head of a small group working on a double Playfair cipher used by German military police.$^{:250}$ The Testery was set up in July 1942 under his command. The three other original founding members, cryptographers and linguists, were: Capt. Jerry Roberts, Peter Ericsson and Maj. Denis Oswald. All four were fluent in German. The Testery used hand methods to break messages enciphered on Tunny traffic. The Testery decoded 1.5 million messages by hand within one year of its foundation. By the war's end in May 1945, the Testery had grown to nine cryptographers, with a total staff of 118 organised in three shifts.
A former Testery senior codebreaker and shift leader Jerry Roberts, recalls that, "The imperturbable, pipe-smoking Tester spoke fluent German, but did not pretend to be a codebreaker. The atmosphere in his unit was always positive and friendly, and the personnel were well selected—Tester seemed to find the right niche for everybody. Thanks to Tester's influence the work of the Testery was very well organised."
Towards the end of the European war, Tester was part of a TICOM team, a mission sent to Germany to discover information about their communications technology, including TUNNY machines.
After the war, Tester returned to Unilever.$^{:252}$
# Pearl Assurance War Memorial

The Pearl Assurance War Memorial, also known as the Pearl Centre War Memorial, is a First World War memorial, designed by George Frampton for the Pearl Assurance Company. Erected in London in 1921, it was moved to Peterborough in 1991. It became a Grade II* listed building in 2019.
The memorial features a 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) high bronze statue by George Frampton depicting Saint George in medieval armour, standing on a slain dragon. Saint George is raising the hilt of his sword in his left hand to form a cross, encircled by a wreath, and resting his left hand on a shield which bears Saint George's Cross. The cast bears the name and date "GEO. FRAMPTON RA / 1919".
Frampton used a similar design, St George on top of a stone plinth, for Maidstone War Memorial. Edwin Lutyens had similar statues of St George by Frampton mounted on taller plinths for Hove War Memorial and Fordham War Memorial. The statue is based on a statuette that Frampton exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1899, and a small statuette held in the left hand of his monumental statue of Queen Victoria outside the Victoria Memorial, Kolkata.
The statue stands on a square granite plinth, mounted on three granite steps. Each side of the plinth bears a bronze plaque which together list the names of the 445 staff of the Pearl Assurance Company that were killed in action in the First World War, and an inscription "THEY PASSED AWAY IN THE DAYS / OF THEIR STRENGTH, THEY / LIVE FOREVER IN THE UNDYING / FACT OF THEIR SACRIFICE". Just above each plaque is a small rectangular decorative bronze plaque: two in low relief showing warships (west) or aircraft (east), and two in high relief (north and south) showing with a helmet surrounded by a wreath.
The memorial was erected in the central courtyard at the head office of the Pearl Assurance Company, at 247 to 252 High Holborn in London (now the Rosewood London hotel), which is itself a Grade II listed building. It was unveiled by the company's chairman FD Bowles (grandfather of Frank Bowles, Baron Bowles) and dedicated by the Bishop of Truro (Guy Warman) in 1921.
Pearl Assurance closed their Holborn offices in 1989 and moved to a newly constructed building at the Pearl Centre on Peterborough Business Park, at Orton to the south west side of Peterborough. The memorial was moved and installed in the landscaped gardens to the east of the Pearl Centre, beside its entrance road. It was rededicated by the Bishop of Truro (Michael Ball) in 1991. Displayed nearby are four separate bronze plaques listing 217 names of dead from the Second World War.
The memorial became listed at Grade II* in 2019. The Postmodern Pearl Centre designed by Chapman Taylor and the gardens designed by Professor Arnold Weddle are each also listed at Grade II.
# Joshilyn Jackson

Joshilyn Jackson is an American author born February 27, 1968, in Fort Walton Beach, Florida. She was graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in Pensacola, Florida, in 1986. She attended several colleges before getting a two-year degree from Georgia Perimeter College and a BA in English literature from Georgia State University. She received an MA in creative writing from the University of Illinois Chicago in 1997. She has written eight novels, which in order of publication date are: A Grown-Up Kind of Pretty; Backseat Saints; The Girl Who Stopped Swimming; Between, Georgia; Gods in Alabama; Someone Else's Love Story; The Opposite of Everyone; The Almost Sisters; and Never Have I Ever. She has also written the novella My Own Miraculous. Jackson describes her writing style as "Weirdo Fiction with a Shot of Southern Gothic Influence for Smart People Who Can Catch the Nuances but Who Like Narrative Drive, and Who Have a Sense of Humor but Who Are Willing to Go Down to Dark Places"
Jackson is a member of the board of Reforming Arts, a nonprofit which provides liberal arts classes to women in Georgia prisons. She herself teaches creative writing classes inside Lee Arrendale State Prison.
# Mike Palm

Mike Palm may refer to:
* Mike Palm (baseball) (1925–2011), American relief pitcher in Major League Baseball
* Mike Palm (American football) (1899–1974), American American football player in the National Football League
* Mike Palm, a member of Agent Orange (band), American guitarist and vocalist
# Anti-malignin antibody

Anti-malignin antibody is a putative general antibody marker for malignant cancers, and the basis for a cancer screening test marketed by Oncolab of Boston, Mass. Initial claims for the effectiveness of the test emerged in the refereed literature in the mid-1990s.
However, the diagnostic efficacy of the test, as determined by its sensitivity and specificity has since been disputed