OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean Chapdelaine

Joseph Marc Antoine Jean Chapdelaine (1914 – February 1, 2005), more commonly known as Jean Chapdelaine or J. A. Chapdelaine, was a Canadian diplomat who was ambassador to Sweden, Finland, Brazil, Sudan and Egypt in the 1950s and 1960s. He was also an important figure in the development of Quebec Government Offices and has been called the 'Father of Quebec diplomacy'.

## Biography

Chapdelaine attended Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal and was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship in 1934, studying PPE at Hertford College, Oxford.
Chapdelaine joined the Department for External Affairs in 1937. In 1941, he was third secretary at the Canadian embassy in Washington, D.C., working for Ambassador Leighton McCarthy. Chapdelaine attended the third session of the Food and Agriculture Organization conference in 1947, and the second session of the interim commission of the World Health Organization in 1948.
From January to July 1950, Chapdelaine was the chargé d'affaires to Ireland. From 1955 to 1959 he was the Canadian ambassador to Finland and Sweden, from 1959 to 1963 he was the ambassador to Brazil, and from 1963 to 1964 he was ambassador to Sudan and Egypt (then still called the United Arab Republic). From 1965, Chapdelaine became Quebec's delegate-general in Paris as part of one of the province's Government Offices, although he had hoped he would be nominated as ambassador to France. He held the post until 1976 when he returned to Canada to work as an adviser in the office of Premier René Lévesque. He later became Quebec's delegate-general in Brussels before retiring as a diplomat in the 1980s.

## Honours

Chapdelaine received several medals and honours:
* Commandeur of the Légion d'honneur
* Officer of the Order of La Pléiade
* Officer of the National Order of Quebec
Chapdelaine was also given an honorary doctorate in social sciences from the Université Laval in 1975. Since 2006, the university has awarded the Rita and Jean Chapdelaine Scholarship in remembrance of him and his wife.
# Ostedes enganensis

Ostedes enganensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1982.
# Homeotopy

In algebraic topology, an area of mathematics, a homeotopy group of a topological space is a homotopy group of the group of self-homeomorphisms of that space.

## Definition

The homotopy group functors $\pi _{k}$ assign to each path-connected topological space $X$ the group $\pi _{k}(X)$ of homotopy classes of continuous maps $S^{k}\to X.$
Another construction on a space $X$ is the group of all self-homeomorphisms $X\to X$, denoted ${\rm {Homeo}}(X).$ If X is a locally compact, locally connected Hausdorff space then a fundamental result of R. Arens says that ${\rm {Homeo}}(X)$ will in fact be a topological group under the compact-open topology.
Under the above assumptions, the homeotopy groups for $X$ are defined to be:
    $HME_{k}(X)=\pi _{k}({\rm {Homeo}}(X)).$
Thus $HME_{0}(X)=\pi _{0}({\rm {Homeo}}(X))=MCG^{*}(X)$ is the mapping class group for $X.$ In other words, the mapping class group is the set of connected components of ${\rm {Homeo}}(X)$ as specified by the functor $\pi _{0}.$

## Example

According to the Dehn-Nielsen theorem, if $X$ is a closed surface then $HME_{0}(X)={\rm {Out}}(\pi _{1}(X)),$ i.e., the zeroth homotopy group of the automorphisms of a space is the same as the outer automorphism group of its fundamental group.
# Harold Daffen

Harold Arthur Charles Daffen (8 September 1899 – 15 August 1984) was an Australian politician. He was a Liberal Party of Australia member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1947 to 1950, representing Central Province.
Daffen was born in Brunswick, Victoria, the son of Arthur Daffen, a school teacher who had recently emigrated from England; his family moved to South Australia in 1900 and Western Australia in 1902. He was educated at St Joachim's Convent School in Victoria Park and St Patrick's Boys School, but left school early to work on his family's farm at Kukerin and later for D. & J. Fowler Ltd. He enlisted for military service on 6 October 1917, and was an orderly in the dental corps of the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps and attended non-commissioned officer training before embarking overseas on 29 October 1918; however, with the end of the war on 11 November he was reported as returning home in December. He was discharged on 17 January 1919, re-enlisted with the Home Service Corps the next day, and worked in the military headquarters in Perth until 1920, having made sergeant in June 1919.
Daffen returned to Kukerin in 1920 under the repatriation scheme and began farming wheat and sheep in partnership with his brother; he served as president of the Kukerin branch of the Wheatgrowers' Union during this time. He withdrew from the partnership in 1932, returned to Perth and worked as a branch manager for Bruce Small Pty Ltd. Daffen then moved to Geraldton in 1936, where he worked for Young Motors Limited as manager of their radio and sports department until his election to parliament. He was a councillor of the Municipality of Geraldton from 1943 to 1947, captain of the Utakarra Golf Club at Geraldton from 1936 to 1940, trustee and honorary secretary of the Geraldton Sailors and Soldiers Memorial Institute from 1942 to 1950 and deputy controller of air raid precautions at Geraldton during World War II. He was an unsuccessful Liberal candidate for the Legislative Assembly at the 1947 state election.
Daffen was elected to the Legislative Council at a by-election on 30 August 1947 caused by the death of John Drew. He was a member of the Joint Select Committee on the Bush Fires Act Amendment Bill in 1948. He ran for re-election in 1950 (his seat having been renamed Midland Province) on a platform including new water supply schemes and attempts to combat soil erosion and soil salinity, but was defeated by Country Party candidate Ray Jones. Daffen had won majorities in the Geraldton and Greenough areas, but was narrowly beaten due to his opponent's victory margins in more rural areas.
Daffen moved back to Perth in June 1950 following his defeat; he later operated a store in North Perth and worked for a succession of companies. He was also a member of the Bayswater Road Board from 1955 to 1958. He died in 1984 at a Mount Lawley nursing home and was buried at Karrakatta Cemetery.
He married Evelyn Janet Sibbella Hooton on 18 April 1936; they had three sons.
# Timocratica monotonia

Timocratica monotonia is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Embrik Strand in 1911. It is found in Brazil (Amazonas), Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
The wingspan is 45–56 mm. The forewings are fuscous irrorated grey whitish and with the costal edge bright orange to near the apex. There are three very indistinct brownish oblique lines from just beneath the costa, but not reaching the dorsum, the third directed towards the termen below the middle. The hindwings are ochreous yellowish, towards the base and dorsum deeper yellow.
# Vladimir Prifti

Vladimir Prifti (1 June 1942 – 5 November 2023) was an Albanian film director, screenwriter, and producer.

## Biography

Born in Tirana on 1 June 1942, Prifti studied at the Academy of Arts and started working as an actor at the National Theatre. He made his stage debut in the Dritëro Agolli play Fytyra e dyte. In 1974, he began working for RTSH. He first directed the film The General of the Dead Army in 1976 for Albanian television and directed eight feature films in total. In 2000, he shifted his focus towards documentary films. His 2002 documentary Butrinti was awarded at the 10th International Archaeological Film Festival in Kiel. He conducted classes with students at the University of Arts, Tirana and the Marubi Academy of Film and Multimedia.
Prifti was honored as a Merited Artist. In 2012, he was awarded by President Bamir Topi.
Vladimir Prifti died in Tirana on 5 November 2023, at the age of 81.

## Filmography

* The General of the Dead Army (1976)
* Udha e shkronjave [sq] (1978)
* Kur hidheshin themelet [sq] (1978)
* Era e ngrohtë e thellësive [sq] (1982)
* Kush vdes në këmbë [sq] (1984)
* Dhe vjen një ditë [sq] (1986)
* Flutura në kabinën time [sq] (1988)
* Sako's Wedding [sq] (1998)
* Të bekuarit (2000)
* Butrinti (2002)
* Legjenda e Baltës (2003)
* Rruga Egnatia (2005)
# Petit Bel Air

Petit Bel Air is a small village about 2 km north of the town of Mahébourg in south-eastern Mauritius. The population of the village is approximately 1,000.

## Location

It lies on the coastal road running roughly south to north from Mahébourg to Flacq. Situated at the mouth of the Riviere des Creoles river, it sits on the right bank of the river. It is nestled deep inside the Grand Port bay at the southernmost tip of the Des Creoles mountain range.

## History

It is named after an earlier village called Bel Air which existed till the 1960s roughly 2 km upstream of the mouth of the Riviere des Creoles river. The name Bel Air is French in origin and means good air or breezy. The village used to sit on high ground with a large view of the Grand Port bay. It was on the Cent Gaulettes road which used to be an old French colonial road for connecting the port of Grand Port to the interior of Mauritius. The present village came about from the merger of with an existing village called Camp Vinson located south closer to Mahébourg. Most of the people from the previous village migrated about 2 km south and formed a village also called Bel Air. Another group migrated 2 km east and also formed a village called Bel Air. To differentiate the two the southern one which was a bigger village was called Grand Bel Air and the smaller eastern one was called Petit Bel Air, French for Bigger and Smaller Bel Air.

## Administration

The village is administratively part of the Grand Port district. It has an elected Village Council for local administration.
20°24′S 57°42′E﻿ / ﻿20.400°S 57.700°E﻿ / -20.400; 57.700
* This Mauritius location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Latiume Maka

Latiume Maka (born 11 February 1970) is a Tongan former international rugby union player.
A front-row forward, Maka was capped 20 times for Tonga, debuting in 1997. He represented Tonga at the 1999 Rugby World Cup, where he featured in all three pool matches, including as starting hooker in their win over Italy.
Maka played provincial rugby for Counties Manukau in 2002.
# Hometown, West Virginia

Hometown is a census-designated place (CDP) located along the Kanawha River on West Virginia Route 62 in Putnam County, West Virginia, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 668. Hometown has six streets that are intersected by one street. There is an elementary school. The red house on the left in the photo was constructed for Thomas M. Brown and Ella Mae Criner Brown in the early 1920s, and was the first house built at Hometown.

## Gallery

* Hometown, WV
# Ana Brian Nougreres

Ana Brian Nougrères is an Uruguayan academic, lawyer and the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to privacy. She was an adviser to the politicians in the two houses of the General Assembly of Uruguay.

## Life

Nougrères was a council adviser to Uruguayan politicians in the senate and in the Chamber of Deputies in Montevideo. She retired from that position in 2019 after more than two decades of employment.
In 2021 she was a professor of law, Privacy and ICT at the University of Montevideo. She was the chosen volunteer to be the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to privacy. She replaced Joseph Cannataci, who had been the first appointee from 2015 and who had served for six years.
Nougrères attended a meeting of the European "Convention 108" in November 2021 (Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data).
In 2022, she addressed the United Nations General Assembly. She spoke about the increasing use of private data on-line. She accepted that new digital technologies process personal data in an invasive and large-scale manner. These processes often do not respect the legitimate expectations of the individual and their human right to privacy. She had published guidelines which she encouraged each nation to consider her recommendations which were broken down into ten areas: lawfulness, consent, transparency, purpose, loyalty, proportionality, minimisation, quality, responsibility and security. The advice was intended to assist each different country to find a balance between the conflicting interests of processing personal data and the right to privacy.

## Publications

* Protección de datos personales en Uruguay, 2007
* ‘The Uruguayan law system facing security breaches, 2021
* Privacy and personal data protection in Ibero-America: a step towards globalization?, 2022
# Harpalus natalensis

Harpalus natalensis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Boheman in 1848.
# Timocratica megaleuca

Timocratica megaleuca is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Colombia.
The wingspan is about 54 mm. The forewings and hindwings are white. The forewings beneath are suffused with ochreous yellowish except towards the dorsum and termen.
# Kosmatite

Kosmatite is a mineral, which may also be known as komatiite. It occurs at least in North Macedonia. It may or may not contain clintonite or margarite. Near the city of Prilep in the marble series of the Pelagonian Metamorphic Complex the Sivec quarry provides white dolomite marble; within this matrix can be found some very rare silicates including phlogopite, cyrnrite and kosmatite.
# Petit Bois (disambiguation)

Petit Bois is a community in the Ouest department of Haiti.
Petit Bois or Petit-Bois can also refer to:
* Petit Bois Island, island in Mississippi, United States
* Petit-Bois Stadium, a football stadium in the Champagne-Ardenne region of France
* Arboretum du Petit-Bois, an arboretum in the Lorraine region of France
* Château de Petit-Bois, a 19th-century mansion in the Auvergne region of France
# Rudolph Karstadt

Rudolph Karstadt (16 February 1856 – 15 December 1944 in Schwerin) was a German entrepreneur.

## Biography

Karstadt was born in Grevesmühlen near Lübeck on 16 February 1856, he apprenticed in Rostock and then worked in his father’s textile shop in Schwerin.
With a loan of 1000 thaler from his father and with the help of his two sisters, Karstadt opened his first store, ″Tuch-, Manufaktur- und Konfektionsgeschäft" at the Krämerstr. 4 in Wismar on 14 May 1881.
In 1919 Karstadt AG and Theodor Althoff KG merged.
By 1920 he owned over 30 shops across Germany. The Karstadt Warenhaus AG, which is what his chain of stores was called by 1920, continues as Arcandor.
Karstadt lost most of his private fortune in the Great Depression and left the board of the Karstadt AG in 1932.
# Peter Kalafut

Peter Kalafut (born 19 October 1960 in Kežmarok) is a Slovak former handball player who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# American Academy of Osteopathy

The American Academy of Osteopathy (AAO) is a non-profit organization for osteopathic medical education. Members include osteopathic physicians and medical students, supporters and affiliates, sponsors, and international members.
The mission of the AAO is to teach, advocate, and research the science, art, and philosophy of osteopathic medicine, emphasizing the integration of osteopathic principles, practice, and manipulative treatment in patient care.

## Mission

The AAO's mission is to assist osteopathic medical professionals to:
    1. Acquire a better understanding of osteopathic principles, theories, and practice to include:
       a. helping students attain a maximum proficiency in osteopathic structural diagnosis and treatment
       b. fostering a clear concept of clinical application of osteopathy in health and disease
    2. Improve public awareness of osteopathic medicine so that the community may better take advantage of the benefits provided by the complete health care concept of osteopathic medicine.

## Membership in the American Academy of Osteopathy

AAO members consist of osteopathic physicians, including but not limited to those specializing in osteopathic manipulative treatment; osteopathic medical students; residents; associates who graduated from accredited medical or dental schools; international affiliates, or osteopaths trained outside the U.S.; and supporters.

## Fellow of the American Academy of Osteopathy

The Fellow of the American Academy of Osteopathy is an earned post-graduate degree awarded to eligible physicians demonstrating a commitment to osteopathic principles and practice. Requirements include AAO membership, American Osteopathic Association board certification, an interview, publications, etc.

## The AAO Journal

Printed quarterly, The AAO Journal is the official peer-reviewed publication of the American Academy of Osteopathy. Members of the AAO receive a complimentary subscription to the AAOJ. Subscriptions for non-members are available for a fee.
Authors should review the AAOJ Instructions for Contributors before submitting their manuscripts.
# Oscinisoma alienum

Oscinisoma alienum is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
# Pseudomiltemia

Pseudomiltemia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae.
Its native range is Southern Mexico.
Species:
* Pseudomiltemia davidsonii Mart.-Camilo & Lorence
* Pseudomiltemia filisepala (Standl.) Borhidi
# Harpalus nevadensis

Harpalus nevadensis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by K. Daniel & J. Daniel in 1898.
# Fuwa-hokubu Bosai Dam

Fuwa-hokubu Bosai Dam is an earthfill dam located in Gifu Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control. The catchment area of the dam is 5.7 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 9 ha of land when full and can store 1128 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1973 and completed in 1985.
# Grewia hirsuta

Grewia hirsuta is an Asian species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae.
# Kozlu, Sındırgı

Kozlu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sındırgı, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 217 (2022).
# Phalacrus

Phalacrus may refer to:
* Phalacrus (mythology), a character from Ancient Greek mythology
* Phalacrus (beetle), a genus of beetles in the family Phalacridae
* Phalacrus, a genus of fishes in the family Centrolophidae; synonym of Centrolophus
# Royal Marriage

Royal Marriage is a patience or solitaire game using a deck of 52 playing cards. It is an eliminator game in the style of the solitaire game Accordion. The game is so called because the player seems to remove anything that comes between the Queen and the King of the same suit for them to "marry." It also goes under the name Royal Wedding or Matrimony.

## History

First recorded by Hoffmann (1892), Royal Marriage is subsequently described by many others up to the present, include Morehead & Mott-Smith (1949, 2001) and Parlett (1979).

## Rules

The Queen of the chosen suit (traditionally the Queen of Hearts) is placed immediately on the table face-up while her corresponding King is placed face-down. The remaining fifty cards are shuffled and placed on the top of the King to form the stock. Cards are dealt from the stock one at a time to the right of the Queen. If a pair of cards with either the same rank or suit are separated by one or two cards, the in-between cards may be discarded. This may result in new opportunities to discard additional cards.
Strategy revolves around decisions of whether to discard cards or not. It may be advantageous to retain as many cards of the Queen's suit as possible, as these may be easily eliminated by the King or Queen at any tie, but may be helpful in eliminating other cards.
The game is won when the King and Queen are brought together -- that is, when only one or two cards remain in between them, which can then be discarded.

## Variations

Royal Marriage is possible to play in-hand, rather than on a surface such as a table. In this case, the deck is held face-down in one hand, with the King being uppermost face-down card and the Queen being held face-up above it. Cards are played from the bottom of the deck onto the Queen, and fanned out to show all cards that could possibly affect play.
Alternatively, the Queen can be played on one end of a surface, and all cards dealt out at the beginning to the Queen's right, ending with the King. This allows for an additional measure of strategy: being able to view the entire sequence of cards allows the player to choose which cards to discard and in what order to ensure a win.
Push-Pin is a variant of Royal Marriage that uses two decks.
# Peter Lorange

Peter Lorange (born 17 April 1943) is a Norwegian economist. He was the owner, President, and CEO of the Lorange Institute of Business Zürich, formerly known as GSBA Zurich, which he bought in July 2009.
Peter Lorange has previously been President of the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) from 1993 and Rector of the BI Norwegian Business School. He has taught at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania and at the MIT Sloan School of Management.
He recently founded the Lorange Network, a learning and sharing platform for family office principals and family business owners.
Lorange received his undergraduate education from the Norwegian School of Economics in 1966, was awarded an MA degree in operations management from Yale University in 1967, and his Doctor of Business Administration degree from Harvard University (1972).

## Selected publications

* Lorange, Peter, and Johan Roos. Strategic alliances: Formation, implementation, and evolution. (1993).