OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Independent Party (Burma)

The Independent Party, also known as the Golden Valley Party, was a pro-British political party in Burma during the 1920s and 1930s. Its leadership included Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi, U Khin and U May Oung. Oscar de Glanville was also a party leader.

## History

The party was established as the Progressive Party in 1922, evolving from the senior faction of the Young Men's Buddhist Association, whose members were conservative, western-educated and willing to accept the colonial system of government.
Although the 1922 general elections saw the 21 Party emerge as the largest party in the Legislative Council, its leader Ba Pe refused to form a government with the Golden Valley Party, allowing Maung Gyi to head the new government.
In 1925 the party was renamed the Independent Party, also becoming known as the Golden Valley Party (Shwe Taung Gyar) in reference to the upper-class suburbs in which its leaders lived, but was not formally organised, nor had any popular support. The elections later that year (in which it won 20 of the 80 seats) and 1928 elections (12 seats) ended with the same outcome due to favouritism by the British authorities.
The party contested the 1932 elections calling for the separation of Burma from India, but were defeated by the anti-separatists, who won a landslide; Ba Maw of the Maw-Myint-Bye Party became Chief Minister. It failed to win a seat in the 1936 elections.
# Independent Party (Greece)

The Independent Party was a political party in Greece in the 1930s.

## History

The party first contested national elections in 1933, winning two seats in the Hellenic Parliament with 2% of the vote. The party did not contest any further national elections.
# Open Skies Treaty between Hungary and Romania

The Open Skies Treaty between Hungary and Romania was a bilateral agreement between Hungary and Romania in force from 1992 to 2001. The Treaty became effective on 27 February 1992 and consisted of agreed-upon surveillance overflights between the two countries to assess the strength and disposition of opposing military forces. It was the first such "Open Skies" Agreement and a precursor to the Treaty on Open Skies that entered into force between NATO members and members of the former Warsaw Pact on 1 January 2002, to which Hungary and Romania are both signatories. A demonstration flight was carried out in June 1991.
The main motivation for the Treaty was to demonstrate stable relations between the two countries after violent clashes between almost 20,000 ethnic Romanians and Hungarians at Târgu Mureș in March 1990. The clashes were about Transylvania, a region controlled by Romania since 1947 that had gone back and forth between the two countries several times, and which is home to a substantial Hungarian minority.
# Indore–Ratlam DEMU

Indore–Ratlam DEMU is a passenger train of the Indian Railways, which runs between Indore Junction railway station of Madhya Pradesh and Ratlam Junction railway station of Madhya Pradesh.
In April 2016, it was announced that the train will be extended to Mhow once the Commissioner Railway Safety clears the Indore–Mhow line as the station can hold only 16 coaches.

## Arrival and departure

* Train no.79312 departs from Indore, daily at 08:50, reaching Ratlam the same day at 11:30.
* Train no.79311 departs from Ratlam daily at 18:00. from platform no.1 reaching Laxmibai Nagar the same day at 20:40.

## Route and halts

The train goes via Fatehabad Chandrawatiganj Junction. The important halts of the train are:
* Indore Junction
* Laxmibai Nagar Junction
* Palia railway station
* Balauda Takun railway station
* Ajnod railway station
* Fatehabad Chandrawatiganj Junction
* Osra railway station
* Gautampura Road railway station
* Pirjhalar railway station
* Barnagar railway station
* Sunderabad railway station
* Runija railway station
* Pritam Nagar railway station
* Nauganwan railway station
* Ratlam Junction

## Average speed and frequency

The train runs with an average speed of 44 km/h and completes 119 km in 2 hours 40 minutes. The train runs on a daily basis.
# Zhubing yuanhou lun

Zhubing yuanhou lun (Chinese: 諸病源候論; pinyin: Zhūbìng yuánhòu lùn), also known as Zhubing yuanhou zonglun (Chinese: 諸病源候總論; pinyin: Zhūbìng yuánhòu zǒnglùn) or Chaoshi bingyuan (Chinese: 巢氏病源; pinyin: Cháoshì bìngyuán), is a Chinese monograph comprising fifty volumes. Written during the Sui dynasty (581–618), its authorship has been popularly attributed to court physician Chao Yuanfang, although this is contradicted by some early sources. Discussing some 1739 syndromes and sixty-seven disease categories, the Zhubing yuanhou lun is the oldest extant medical encyclopedia on disease aetiology and symptomatology in traditional Chinese medicine.

## Contents

The text is divided into fifty volumes. It discusses some 1739 illnesses that are classified under categories including dermatology; gynaecology; ophthalmology; otorhinolaryngology; urology; paediatrics; and surgery. Instead of prescribing herbal therapy or acupuncture, the text recommends qigong as a cure for most diseases.

## Authorship

According to the preface of one surviving manuscript, written by Song Shou, the text was written by court physician Chao Yuanfang, who "collected and compiled the pith of the various scholarly opinions by an intensive study of them and sorted them all out" during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui. However, according to researchers Yan Liang, Abdulbaset M. Salim, Wendy Wu, and Paul E. Kilgore, "it is far from certain that the sole author ... is Chao Yuanfang." The Suishu jingji zhi (隋書經籍志), compiled between 641 and 656, identifies Wu Jingxian (吳景賢) as the author of the Zhubing yuanhou lun. On the other hand, the Jiutangshu jingji zhi (旧唐书经籍志), compiled during the Later Jin Dynasty, claims that the text was written by Wu Jing (吴景).

## Legacy

The Zhubing yuanhou lun is the oldest extant medical encyclopedia on disease aetiology and symptomatology in traditional Chinese medicine. The text was well-received upon its initial publication in the Sui dynasty, as well as later on in the succeeding Tang and Song dynasties, when it became a mainstream medical textbook. From the early 8th century onwards, it was introduced to the rest of the world and was extensively quoted in works like the earliest surviving Japanese medical text, the Ishinpō, and Avicenna's Canon of Medicine.
# Wandelbert of Farfa

Wandelbert was the Abbot of Farfa sometime between 757 and 761, one of a series of abbots from Aquitaine. His abbacy coincided with a troubled period in the abbey's history and the stormy reign of Duke Gisulf of Spoleto, who seems to have brought some stability to the abbey by the time of his death.
The previous abbot, Fulcoald, a relative of Wandelbert's, is last mentioned in a charter of October 757, although two later sources taken together place the end of his abbacy in 759. His abbacy is said to have last one year and seven months before he retired to become abbot of the quieter monastery of Saint Hippolytus in Fermo, perhaps because of illness. Saint Hippolytus was recent acquisition of Farfa's, confirmed by King Desiderius only a year after Wandelbert's arrival.
If the date of the inception of Wandelbert's leadership at Farfa and its duration are correct, then he must have been incapable of exercising his authority in April 760, when a monk named Raginfred was acting on behalf of the abbey. It is more probable that Wandelbert had retired—or been forced into retirement—by this point. Wandelbert's successor at Farfa, the former hermit and fellow Aquitainian Alan, began his abbacy in January 761.
# Hungpung

Hungpung also called as Hundung is a village located south in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village falls under Ukhrul sub division. HAO (Animism) religion was strictly practiced in the kingdom of "KHAYAIWUNG" i,e Kingdom of Hungpung Haokok.
Hungpung is one of the largest villages in Ukhrul district.

## Total population

According to 2011 census, Hungpung has 2036 households with the total of 10785 people of which 5575 are male and 5010 are female. Of the total population, 1433 were in the age group of 0–6 years. The average sex ratio of the village is 935 female to 1000 male which is lower than the state average of 985. The literacy rate of the village stands at 56.64% which is much lower than the state average 76.94%. Male literacy rate stands at 79.68% while female literacy rate was 83.41%.

## People and occupation

The village is home to people of Tangkhul Naga tribe.
The majority of the inhabitants are Christians. Agriculture is their main occupation, with the production of rice beer (fermented rice) and sand also serving as significant sources of livelihood. The village has a rich deposit of limestone and there used to be a cement factory, which now is non-functional. Hungpung is famous for the yearly pre-harvest festival celebration, locally known as Dharreo wherein the neighboring villages and tourists participate in large number. The village is one of the 44 villages in Ukhrul district that would be affected being a catchment area when the Mapithel Dam is finally completed.
The MLA from Ukhrul constituency from 2012 to 2017 was Samuel Risom who hails from Hungpung village.

## Education

* Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School Hundung
# Mount Elizabeth Station

16°25′07″S 126°06′10″E﻿ / ﻿16.4185°S 126.1028°E﻿ / -16.4185; 126.1028﻿ (Mount Elizabeth)
Mount Elizabeth Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in Western Australia.
It is situated about 205 kilometres (127 mi) north of Fitzroy Crossing and approximately 340 kilometres (211 mi) east of Derby just off the Gibb River Road in the Kimberley region.
The abundant water supply and multiple food sources of the area enabled Aboriginal peoples to develop a rich cultural life in the area. Examples of both the Gwion Gwion rock paintings and Wandjina artwork can be found on rock outcrops at the station.
Gold prospector and explorer Frank Hann visited the area in 1898 and named Mount Elizabeth after his mother.
Pioneer Frank Lacy drove a herd of cattle across the Kimberley and established the station in 1945. Both Lacy and his wife, Theresa, are buried near the homestead.
The Lacy family has held the lease since 1945 and started offering accommodation to tourists in addition to rearing cattle in the 2000s.
As of 2014 the 1,791-square-kilometre (692 sq mi) property was still on the market along with at least 15 others in the Kimberley and Northern Territory. The property is stocked with approximately 6,000 head of cattle.

## Climate

Mount Elizabeth as a tropical savannah climate (Aw). Winters (dry season) are short and dry with very warm days and cool nights due to the high elevation. Summers are very hot and rainy with oppressive humidity leading up to the wet season.
Climate data for Mount Elizabeth Station, Western Australia :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 40.0 (104.0) | 39.8 (103.6) | 37.1 (98.8) | 37.0 (98.6) | 36.0 (96.8) | 33.5 (92.3) | 33.6 (92.5) | 36.0 (96.8) | 38.6 (101.5) | 41.5 (106.7) | 41.5 (106.7) | 40.9 (105.6) | 41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.7 (90.9) | 32.6 (90.7) | 30.1 (86.2) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.5 (83.3) | 30.5 (86.9) | 34.2 (93.6) | 36.1 (97.0) | 36.1 (97.0) | 34.1 (93.4) | 32.4 (90.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.1 (71.8) | 21.9 (71.4) | 20.6 (69.1) | 16.8 (62.2) | 12.4 (54.3) | 9.2 (48.6) | 8.2 (46.8) | 9.3 (48.7) | 14.7 (58.5) | 19.3 (66.7) | 21.7 (71.1) | 22.4 (72.3) | 16.6 (61.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.7 (60.3) | 15.5 (59.9) | 12.2 (54.0) | 6.9 (44.4) | −0.9 (30.4) | −1.3 (29.7) | −0.2 (31.6) | 0.0 (32.0) | 2.8 (37.0) | 9.0 (48.2) | 13.8 (56.8) | 12.0 (53.6) | −1.3 (29.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 257.6 (10.14) | 234.4 (9.23) | 158.1 (6.22) | 40.1 (1.58) | 16.0 (0.63) | 11.7 (0.46) | 3.3 (0.13) | 2.0 (0.08) | 7.8 (0.31) | 32.8 (1.29) | 79.0 (3.11) | 170.7 (6.72) | 996.5 (39.23) |
| Average rainy days | 17.4 | 15.4 | 11.4 | 3.5 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 8.6 | 12.6 | 77.4 |
| Source: ||||||||||||||
# Gümüşpınar, Devrek

Gümüşpınar is a village in Devrek District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey. Its population is 316 (2022).
# HD 33203

HD 33203 is double star in the northern constellation of Auriga. It includes a bright giant star with a stellar classification of B2II. The two components have an angular separation of 1.617″ along a position angle of 222.1°.
# Naim Records

Naim Records, also known as Naim Label, is a small independent record label in the United Kingdom, based in Salisbury, Wiltshire. Founded by Julian Vereker, its first CD was Electric Glide by Gary Boyle. Naim Records was shortlisted for the Best Small Label award at the inaugural AIM Independent Music Awards 2011.
In June 2012 Mark Prisk, Business Minister for the UK Government, named Simon Drake, General Manager of Naim, one of 30 young rising stars of manufacturing in the Make It in Great Britain campaign.
Musicians who have recorded on Naim include Laurence Hobgood Sabina Sciubba, Phantom Limb, The Milk, Tellison, Max Raptor, Gwyneth Herbert, Jon Thorne & Danny Thompson, William Fitzsimmons, Jeniferever, AM, Boy Com, Sons of Kemet, and Elektralux.
# Wahlenbergbreen

Wahlenbergbreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of 26 kilometers (16 mi), located on the southwestern side of Jämtlandryggen, and debouching into the bay Yoldiabukta of Nordfjorden. The glacier is named after Göran Wahlenberg.
# Grange, Moray

Grange is a parish in the Scottish county of Banffshire that dates back to a royal charter granting the lands to the abbots and monks of Kinloss in 1196. Although there is no settlement within that area so named, it still retains its distinct community character with its own parish church and primary school. The only concentrated collection of dwellings is the small hamlet of Knock near its eastern border that is nestled beneath the hill of the same name that, though no higher than 430 metres, dominates both it and all the agrarian haughs that extend from the Grampians to the coastal plains. The total area is 6,089 Hectares (15,048 Acres). From north to south it stretches for 9.5 km (6 miles) and from east to west it spans 8 km (5 miles) making it almost square. The population in 1991 was 723, a slight increase from the previous census after gradual decline.
The word Grange is a middle age or low Latin derivative of grangia, a word meaning farm or country.
One of the oldest domestic buildings in the north east of Scotland is in Grange. It is called Mains of Edingight and was built in 1559.
In 1996, the community celebrated its 800 years and a book was commissioned to document its history and was written by Andrew Smith.

## Famous residents

* James Ferguson, an astronomer and inventor, was born at a place called Core of Mayen.
* Prof Andrew Jamieson FRSE (1849-1912) civil engineer and author
* George Jamieson CMG, (1843-1920), British Consul-General in Shanghai was born in Crannoch, Grange (Crannoch is now part of Keith, Moray)
* Jimmy Sinclair, born here and later became a teacher, politician and businessman in North Vancouver. Also maternal grandfather of Justin Trudeau, 23rd Prime Minister of Canada.

### Books

* Forrest, Isa (1920). Islaside Musings. Banffshire Journal.
* Cramond, William (1898). The Church of Grange.
* Seton, Mike (1987). Keith & Area Past & Present. Moray District Libraries. ISBN 0951193139.
* Records of the Monastery of Kinloss.
* The Highland Regiments.
* Statistical Account of Scotland 1791 - 1799.
* Cramond, William (1895). The Parish of Grange.
* The Book of the Chronicles.
* Barclay, William (1925). The Schools and School Masters of Banffshire. Educational Institute of Scotland.
* Cunnison, James (1961). Hamilton, Henry (ed.). Third Statistical Account of Banff. Vol. 10. Collins.
* Stone Circles in Scotland - a Report.
# The Last of His Tribe (poem)

"The Last of His Tribe" is a poem by Australian writer Henry Kendall that was first published in The Sydney Morning Herald on 27 September 1864, under the title "Woonoona: The Last of His Tribe".
It was later included in the author's poetry collection Leaves from Australian Forests (1869), and was subsequently reprinted in various newspapers, magazines and poetry anthologies (see below).

## Reception

The Oxford Companion to Australian Literature states: "In it Kendall captures the attractive nature of Aboriginal life and sentimentally mourns its passing."

## Further publications

* Leaves from Australian Forests by Henry Kendall (1869)
* Poems of Henry Clarence Kendall, (1903)
* The Golden Treasury of Australian Verse edited by Bertram Stevens (1903)
* The Children's Treasury of Australian Verse edited by Bertram Stevens (1913)
* Selections from Australian Poets edited by Bertram Stevens and George Mackaness (1913)
* Selected Poems of Henry Kendall edited by T. Inglis Moore (1957)
* "The Bulletin", 11 December 1957
* Favourite Australian Poems edited by Ian Mundie (1963)
* From the Ballads to Brennan edited by T. Inglis Moore (1964)
* The Poetical Works of Henry Kendall edited Thomas Thornton Reed (1966)
* Silence Into Song : An Anthology of Australian Verse edited by Clifford O'Brien (1968)
* The Penguin Book of Australian Verse edited by Harry P. Heseltine (1972)
* The Collins Book of Australian Verse edited Rodney Hall (1981)
* The Illustrated Treasury of Australian Verse edited by Beatrice Davis (1984)
* Cross-Country : A Book of Australian Verse edited by John Barnes (1984)
* Two Centuries of Australian Poetry edited by Mark O'Connor (1988)
* The Macmillan Anthology of Australian Literature edited by Ken L. Goodwin and Alan Lawson (1990)
* A Treasury of Bush Verse by G.A. Wilkes (1991)
* Henry Kendall : Poetry, Prose and Selected Correspondence edited by Michael Ackland (1993)
* An Anthology of Australian Literature edited by Ch'oe Chin-yong and Dynthia Van Den Driesen (1995)
* Classic Australian Verse edited Maggie Pinkney (2001)
* Our Country: Classic Australian Verse: From the Colonial Ballads to Paterson & Lawson edited by Michael Cook (2004)
* Two Centuries of Australian Poetry edited by Kathrine Bell (2007)
* An Anthology of Australian Poetry to 1920 edited by John Kinsella (2007)
* 60 Classic Australian Poems for Children edited by Chris Cheng (2009)
# Melincourt Falls

Melincourt Falls is an 80 feet (24 m) high waterfall on Melin Court Brook, a left-bank tributary of the River Neath / Afon Nedd, located 1-mile (1.6 km) south of Resolven in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot, south Wales. It is formed where the brook plunges over a resistant band of 'Lower Pennant Sandstone' in a 13 acres (5.3 ha) nature reserve managed by the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales. The falls have been drawing visitors for at least two centuries – they are certainly known to have inspired J. M. W. Turner to paint them in 1794. The falls are considered by some to constitute a part of Waterfall Country though the bulk of these falls are a few miles further northeast at the head of the Vale of Neath.

## Visitor facilities

It can be accessed by the public footpath from the B4434 Resolven to Tonna Road, 1-mile (1.6 km) south of Resolven. The entrance to the path is on the opposite side of the road from the public car park. The falls (otherwise known as Melincwrt Falls), can also be viewed from above where a minor public road bridges the brook immediately upstream of the drop.

## Gallery

* Melincourt Falls in December
* The secondary falls, beside the main waterfall
* The Falls from the surrounding woodlands
# Vaychis

Vaychis is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Vaychis are called Vaychissois.
# Indore–Nagda Passenger

The Indore – Nagda Passenger is a passenger train of Indian Railways, which runs between Indore Junction railway station of Indore, the largest city and commercial hub of Madhya Pradesh and Nagda Junction railway station of Nagda, the important industrial city of Central Indian state Madhya Pradesh

## Arrival and departure

Train no.59388 departs from Indore, daily at 08:45 hrs., reaching Nagda the same day at 13.05 hrs. Train no.59387 departs from Nagda daily at 15:25 hrs. from platform no.2 reaching Indore the same day at 19:30 hrs.

## Route and halts

The train goes via Dewas and Ujjain. The important halts of the train are:
* INDORE JUNCTION
* Indore Lakshmibai Nagar
* Indore Sanwer
* Dewas Junction
* Barlai
* Danpura
* Ujjain Vikram Nagar
* Ujjain Junction
* Pahu
* NAGDA JUNCTION

## Coach composite

The train consists of 9 Coaches :
* 7 Un Reserved
* 2 Luggage/Brake Van

## Average speed and frequency

The train runs with an average speed of 35 km/h. The train runs on a daily basis.

## Loco link

The train is hauled by BRC WAP4/WAM4 engine.

## Rake maintenance & sharing

The train is maintained by the Indore Coaching Depot. The same rake is used for Nagda - Ujjain Passenger for one way which is altered by the second rake on the other way.
# Studholme (disambiguation)

Studholme may refer to one of the following

## People

* Studholme (surname)
* Studholme Hodgson (1708–1798), a British field marshal during the 18th century.
* Studholme Brownrigg (1882–1943), a British admiral during the 20th century who died at sea in the North Atlantic in 1943

## Places

* Studholme, a locality in south Canterbury in New Zealand
* Studholme College, a college of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand
* Studholme, Cumbria, a hamlet in the English county of Cumbria
* Studholm Parish, New Brunswick, Canada
# Wandelella

Wandelella is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Cambrian Period, which lasted from approximately 539 to 485 million years ago.
# Hurlbut Township, Logan County, Illinois

Hurlbut Township is located in Logan County, Illinois. As of the 2020 census, its population was 338 and it contained 136 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 25.18 square miles (65.2 km$^2$), of which 25.15 square miles (65.1 km$^2$) (or 99.88%) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.078 km$^2$) (or 0.12%) is water.
# Northern Marianas Athletics

Northern Marianas Athletics (NMA), also known as Northern Marianas Athletics Association or Northern Mariana Islands Track and Field Federation, is the governing body for the sport of athletics in Northern Mariana Islands.

## History

Athletes from the Northern Marianas participated already at the 1969 Micronesian Games, (the Northern Marianas then still being part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands,) and at the 1975 South Pacific Games as part of a combined Micronesia team.
The foundation of NMA is reported for 1980, as well as its affiliation to the IAAF in the year 1989.
Kurt Barnes served as president of NMA until he stepped down in 2009.
Current president is former congressman Ray Tebuteb.

## Affiliations

* International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)
* Oceania Athletics Association (OAA)
Moreover, it is part of the following national organisations:
* Northern Marianas Sports Association (NMSA)

## National records

NMA maintains the Northern Mariana Islands records in athletics.
# Northern Marianas Department of Corrections

Northern Marianas Department of Corrections is an executive agency of the Northern Mariana Islands government. As of 2015 Robert A. Guerrero is the commissioner. It operates one prison, which as of April 2015 had 60 prison guards and 185 prisoners; the prison was at 66% occupancy. That month Guerrero stated that the prison had a staffing shortage and asked for a new training facility for corrections officers.
# Humfrid (bishop)

Humfrid or Hunfrid (died 28 February 1051) was the archbishop of Magdeburg from 1023 until his death. He was with the court of the Emperor Henry III when, in the summer or 1040 the newly rebuilt church of Hersfeld was reconsecrated.