OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Women and the Economic Miracle

Women and the Economic Miracle: Gender and Work in Postwar Japan is a non-fiction book by Mary Brinton, published by the University of California Press in 1993.
Brinton argues that women had supported male workers and directly provided adaptable labor, so in this sense they support the economy of Japan. Brinton also argues that Japanese practices will remain separate from those in Western countries.
James R. Lincoln of the University of California, Berkeley described the book as "In the revisionist tradition of Japan sociology begun by Robert Cole and Ronald Dore".

## Background

The author used surveys and the Census of Japan as sources. The survey asked participants about their work history and questions about gender discrimination. The survey was administered in 1984, and conducted in Kodaira, Sapporo, and Toyohashi. A total of 1,200 people were surveyed, including men and women.

## Contents

In the second chapter she compares and contrasts how the role of women in the Japanese economy versus the same in the economy of the United States. This chapter includes data used to analyze the differences and similarities.
The author explores what she calls the "human capital development system" in the third chapter.
The stratification between men and women by Japanese employers is covered in the fourth chapter. It discusses historical information such as the oyakata system.
The survey findings are in the fifth chapter. Adolf Ehrentraut of the University of Windsor stated that the findings "convincingly demonstrated and explicated" "the relationship between key institutional and individual variables".
Japanese census data is used in four of the chapters.

## Reception

Ehrentraut stated the book is "a valuable contribution" to its field.
Ingrid Getreuer-Kargl and Sepp Linhart of the University of Vienna argued that the book's academic thesis had merit to be analyzed. The reviewers argued that, in regards to the author's goal to change perceptions of Japanese women in the workforce, the book would ultimately be inconsequential in changing said perceptions since it would be unlikely that a journalist would read and analyze an academic volume such as this book.
Andrew Gordon of Duke University described the work as "empirically rich, theoretically driven". Gordon argued that in Brinton's analysis she "dismisses culture too blithely" and that her belief that the system will give women in Japan more employment avenues is "more hope than analysis."
Alice Lam of the University of Kent called the work "a highly thought-provoking book".
Lincoln praised the book for having "nuanced and credible ideas" with sufficient evidence supporting it. However, he argued that the content would already be known to people with a high degree of familiarity with Japan.
# Kosovo at the 2024 Summer Paralympics

Kosovo competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France, from 28 August to 8 September 2024. This was the nation's first time competing at the Summer Paralympic Games. The delegation consisted of one competitor from one sport.

## Background

The Paralympic Committee of Kosovo was granted provisional membership of the International Paralympic Committee in July 2022 and was subsequently granted full membership by the IPC General Assembly in September 2023. Grevist Bytyci represented Kosovo at the 2024 Paralympic Games.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Athletics | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 1 | 0 | 1 |

## Athletics

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Grevist Bytyci | Men's 1500 metres T46 | — | — | 4:32.88 | 15 |
# Aziznagar

Aziznagar is a village in the Moinabad mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad ,Telangana, India. It is approximately 6.8 km from the Mandal Main Town Moinabad. This village is considered as an urban village as it west side of the city Hyderabad and is a highly developing area which has several universities/colleges like Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology.
# Pseudothyris

Pseudothyris is a monotypic moth of the family Thyrididae, its one known species being Pseudothyris sepulchralis. It was removed from the genus Thyris in 1986.
# Oliver Island (Antarctica)

Oliver Island in the Antarctic is the largest of the Mica Islands, lying outside the entrance to West Bay and 11 kilometres (6 nmi) northeast of Cape Jeremy in south Marguerite Bay. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1977 for David L. Oliver, CS1, U.S. Navy, cook, Palmer Station, winter party 1972.
# James Scott Prize Lectureship

The James Scott Prize Lectureship is given every four years by the Royal Society of Edinburgh for a lecture on the fundamental concepts of Natural Philosophy. The prize was established in 1918 as a memorial to James Scott by trustees of his estate.
| Years: Recipient | Lecture Title |
| 1918-1922: Alfred North Whitehead | The Relatedness of Nature (delivered 5 June 1922) |
| 1922-1927: Joseph Larmor | The Grasp of Mind on Nature (delivered 4 July 1927) |
| 1927-1930: Niels Bohr | Philosophical Aspects of Atomic Theory (delivered 26 May 1930) |
| 1930-1933: Arnold Sommerfeld | Ways to the Knowledge of Nature (delivered 1 May 1933) |
| 1933-1938: P. A. M. Dirac | The Relation between Mathematics and Physics (delivered 6 February 1939) |
| 1940-1943: Edward Arthur Milne | Fundamental Concepts of Natural Philosophy |
| 1945-1948: Herbert Dingle | The Nature of Scientific Philosophy (delivered 5 July 1948) |
| 1955-1958: C.D. Broad | Some Remarks on Change, Continuity, and Discontinuity (delivered 11 November 1957) |
| 1958-1961: Herbert Butterfield | The Place of the Scientific Revolution in the History of Thought |
| 1960-1963: Hermann Bondi | ? |
| 1963-1966: William Lawrence Bragg | The Spirit of Science (delivered 3 July 1967) |
| 1966-1970: Karl Popper | Conjectural Knowledge: My Solution of the Problem of Induction (delivered 7 June 1971) |
| 1970-1974: Nicholas Kurti | Meditations on Heat and Cold (date delivered 25 October 1976) |
| 1974-1979: D.W. Sciama | The Beginning and End of the Universe (delivered 7 June 1982) |
| 1984-1987: W. Cochran | ? |
| 1993-1996: Peter Higgs | ? |
| 1997-2000: Roger Penrose | ? |
| 2001-2004: Michael Berry | Making Light of Mathematics Archived 25 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine (delivered 9 December 2002) |
| 2005-2008: Stephen M. Barnett | Security, Insecurity, Paranoia and Quantum Mechanics (delivered 4 February 2008) |
# Vilivalla, Hiiu County

Vilivalla is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
# Women and the Law

Women and the Law is a 1984 book by Susan Atkins and Brenda Hale (then known as Brenda Hoggett). The authors described the book as the first published in the United Kingdom to "comprehensively to examine the gendered nature of the law itself and the legal inter-relationships between women's private and public lives and between men and women". Hoggett and Atkins felt that the book "...took women's experiences in life as its starting point, rather than conventional legal categories".
In a 2004 profile of Hale, The Guardian described Women and the Law as "the first comprehensive survey of women's rights at work, in the family and in the state". The book concluded by stating that "Deep-rooted problems of inequality persist and the law continues to reflect the economic, social and political dominance of men".
The book was republished in 2018 to mark the 100th anniversary of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 that allowed women to become solicitors in the United Kingdom.

## Women Business and the Law

Women and the Law inspired the World Bank annual study Women Business and the Law, which collects data on gendered laws in 190 countries from 1970 to today. The study is based on methodology described in Simeon Djankov, Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg and Marie Hyland in Gendered Laws and Women in the Workforce. In 2022 the John Templeton Foundation issued a grant on Women’s Empowerment, Economic Freedom, and the Role of Law in Driving Prosperity to the London School of Economics for extending the analysis to country case studies.
# Richard Dunn Pattison

Richard Phillipson Dunn Pattison (1874 – 8 March 1916) was a British soldier and academic historian specialising in military history.

## Biography

Dunn Pattison was the son of Alexander Dunn Pattison, who was an advocate of Old Kilpatrick, Dumbarton, and his wife Minnie Phillipson. He served with the 91st Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
After studies at New College, Oxford, where in 1901 he took a first class in the Final History School, he was, in late 1902, elected a lecturer in history at Magdalen College, Oxford. He was a later a Fellow of the college, and became Professor of History at Oxford University.
He became distinguished military historian and after publishing War in 1904, followed it up with Napoleon's Marshals in 1909. This classic work, containing detailed biographical sketches of the 24 Marshals of France appointed by Napoleon, was republished in 2007. His history of the Edward the Black Prince is a popular and scholarly biography, as is his history of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
Dunn Pattison served in World War I and was a captain in the 6th Battalion (Territorial), Devonshire Regiment. He was killed in action in Mesopotamia.
Dunn Pattison married Mary Winifred Wilkes who was at Girton College. She was the daughter of Rev. Alpheus Wilkes and sister of Paget Wilkes, whose biography she wrote. The couple had two daughters.

## Publications

* Napoleon's Marshals, 1909 Methuen, Republished 2007 ISBN 978-1-4286-2926-4
* The Black Prince, 1910 Methuen
* The History of the 91st Argyllshire Highlanders, 1910 William Blackwood & Sons
* Figures in European History, 1912 Rivington's
# James Burns (cricketer)

James Burns (20 June 1866 – 11 September 1957) was an English cricketer. He played for Essex between 1890 and 1896 as a right-handed middle order batter and as an occasional left-arm slow bowler, and for Marylebone Cricket Club in occasional matches up to 1901. He was also a football player who played for West Bromwich Albion and Notts County.
Burns and George Higgins both scored centuries in Essex's first-ever County Championship fixture, the match against Warwickshire at Edgbaston in May 1895; Burns scored 114 and Higgins 118, and together they put on 205 for the fourth wicket. Neither scored any further centuries in first-class cricket.
# Pseudafreutreta

Pseudafreutreta is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## Species

* Pseudafreutreta bicolor Munro, 1957
* Pseudafreutreta biseriata (Bezzi, 1924)
* Pseudafreutreta fatua Hering, 1942
# Jaime Rosales (director)

Jaime Rosales (born 1970 in Barcelona) is a Spanish film director, screenwriter and film producer.
He spent three years in Cuba studying cinema at the Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televisión in San Antonio de los Baños (EICTV) in La Habana, and later at Australian Film Television and Radio School (AFTRS) in Sydney, (Australia).
He did several successful short films before his long film debut with Las horas del día that received the FIPRESCI Award at Cannes film festival. In 2007 filmed his second film, La soledad.
His cinema is influenced by Robert Bresson or Yasujirō Ozu, he shows fragments of lives with ascetic forms and still shots. He won the Goya Award for Best Director for La soledad, film that received the Goya for Best Film too.
His 2012 film Dream and Silence was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, and also appeared at the 56th London Film Festival. His 2014 film Beautiful Youth was selected to compete in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.

## Filmography

Director and screenwriter:
* 2003: The Hours of the Day (originally Las horas del día)
* 2007: Solitary Fragments (originally La soledad)
* 2008: Bullet in the Head (originally Tiro en la cabeza)
* 2012: Dream and Silence
* 2014: Beautiful Youth
* 2018: Petra
* 2022: Wild Flowers
Producer:
* 2003: Las horas del día (Dir: Jaime Rosales)
* 2003: Un instante en la vida ajena (Dir: José Luis López-Linares)
* 2006: La linea recta (Dir: José María de Orbe)
* 2007: La soledad (Dir: Jaime Rosales)
* 2008: Tiro en la cabeza
* 2009: El árbol (Dir: Carlos Serrano Azcona)
# Olszówka

Olszówka may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Olszówka, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Olszówka, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Olszówka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Olszówka, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Olszówka, Koło County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Olszówka, Turek County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Olszówka, Kwidzyn County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Olszówka, Sztum County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Olszówka, Tczew County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Olszówka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Olszówka, Lesser Poland Voivodeship [pl], in Limanowa County; see Gmina Mszana Dolna
* Olszówka (Bielsko-Biała) [pl], a district of Bielsko-Biała, Silesian Voivodeship
# Vasum floridanum

Vasum floridanum is an extinct species of medium to large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinellidae.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species have been found in Tertiary strata of Florida, USA.
# Vilivere

Vilivere is a village in Kohila Parish, Rapla County, in northwestern Estonia.
Vilivere railway station on the Tallinn–Viljandi railway line, operated by Elron (rail transit), is a short distance from the village.
# Women at War

Women at War is a 1943 American short drama film directed by Jean Negulesco and starring Faye Emerson. It was nominated for an Academy Award at the 16th Academy Awards for Best Short Subject (Two-Reel).

## Cast

* Faye Emerson as Anastasia 'Stormy' Hart
* Dorothy Day as Lorna Travis
* Marjorie Hoshelle as Sgt. Ramsey
* Virginia Christine as Mary Sawyer
* Robert Warwick as Maj. Gen. 'Blood and Thunder' Travis
# Richard Lerman

Richard Lerman (Dec 5, 1944 in San Francisco, CA) is a composer and sound artist whose, "work...centers around his custom-made contact microphones of unusually small size," including, "piezo disks and other transducers". He studied with Alvin Lucier, Gordon Mumma, and David Tudor.
   Richard Lerman is the populist of field recording technology. He makes inexpensive (under $1) microphones out of piezoelectric disks (small, flat pieces of metal), attaches them to blades of grass, and lets raindrops fall on them. Sometimes he lets hundreds of ants walk all over them in the desert. The sounds he produces are immediate, shocking, intensified, and brilliant. His work expands the infinitesimal sounds of the natural world into noises that are wide and surrounding, changing our human sense of scale.
He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in Sound Art (Video & Audio) for 1987-88. He also works in film, having had a show at MOMA, and is currently working on advanced programming in DVD creation.
Lerman's work is often site-specific. Pieces include Travelon Gamelon, for amplified bicycles; A Seasonal Mapping of the Sonoran Desert, which includes cactus needles plucked by rainfall; and the collaboration (with Mona Higuchi) Threading History, for which he recorded prison camp barbed wire. In the 80s he lived in Boston and taught at the Museum School and the Center for Advanced Visual Studies at MIT.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 4 Layne, Joslyn (2011). "Richard Lerman", AllMusic.com; and Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra, Stephen Thomas Erlewine, eds. (2001). All Music Guide: The Definitive Guide to Popular Music, p.1103. ISBN 978-0-87930-627-4.
* 1 2 "Richard Lerman", NewCollege.ASU.edu.
* ↑ David Rothenberg, Marta Ulvaeus (2001). The Book of Music and Nature: an Anthology of Sounds, Words, Thoughts, p.243. ISBN 978-0-8195-6408-5.
* ↑ "Richard Lerman", Artifact.com.
* ↑ Hugh Marlais Davies and Apollohuis (1986). Echo: The Images of Sound, p.92.
# Axel Otto Mörner

Count Axel Otto Mörner (8 June 1774 – 20 October 1852) was a Swedish artist and general.

## Family

Mörner was born in Lekaryd Parish in Jönköping County, Sweden and was the son of Lieutenant Colonel Count Carl Gustaf Mörner and Sofia Elisabet Steuch. He was the brother of Hampus Mörner, Charlotta Mörner, Gustaf Fredrik Mörner and Carl Stellan Mörner.

## Personal life

On 4 October 1801 he married Ebba Modée at Rosersberg Palace.
# Pseudaethomerus maximus

Pseudaethomerus maximus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Friedrich F. Tippmann in 1953.
# Rockne (disambiguation)

Rockne was an American automobile brand produced by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana, from 1932-1933.
Rockne may also refer to:

## People

* Rockne Brubaker (born 1986), American figure skater
* Rockne Krebs (1938–2011), contemporary American artist
* Rockne S. O'Bannon (born 1955), television producer and writer
* Rockne Tarkington (1932–2015), American stage actor
* Anton J. Rockne (1868–1950), American politician
* Knute Rockne (1888–1931), American football player and coach
# Immunophenotyping

Immunophenotyping is a technique used to study the protein expressed by cells. This technique is commonly used in basic science research and laboratory diagnostic purpose. This can be done on tissue section (fresh or fixed tissue), cell suspension, etc. An example is the detection of tumor markers, such as in the diagnosis of leukemia. It involves the labelling of white blood cells with antibodies directed against surface proteins on their membrane. By choosing appropriate antibodies, the differentiation of leukemic cells can be accurately determined. The labelled cells are processed in a flow cytometer, a laser-based instrument capable of analyzing thousands of cells per second. The whole procedure can be performed on cells from the blood, bone marrow or spinal fluid in a matter of a few hours.
Immunophenotyping is a very common flow cytometry test in which fluorophore-conjugated antibodies are used as probes for staining target cells with high avidity and affinity. This technique allows rapid and easy phenotyping of each cell in a heterogeneous sample according to the presence or absence of a protein combination.
# Paul Pothen

Paul Pothen (1916-2004) was an Indian industrialist and one of the pioneers of fertilizer industry in India. He was the founding managing director of three large scale fertilizer manufacturing firms in India.
Pothen was born in a Mallapally-based Christian family on 8 January 1916 at Nedumangad, in the Thiruvananthapuram district and graduated from the University of Madras in 1935, after which he secured his graduation in civil engineering from the University of Mysore in 1940. He continued his studies to get higher training in electrical engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (formerly Rourkee University) and did an advanced course in Canada under the aegis of Colombo Plan in 1965-66.
Pothen started his career by joining the Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT) in a senior management position in 1944 where he stayed until 1965 when he was made the founding managing director of FACT Engineering and Design Organisation (FEDO) in 1965. Three years later, when the Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative (IFFCO) was established in 1968, Pothen was made the founding managing director. He continued at IFFCO till 1981 and moved to Krishak Bharati Cooperative (KRIBHCO) as the organization's founding managing director. He headed the Fertilizer Association of India for several years and was also associated with the Travancore Cochin Chemicals and Fact Technical Society.
The Government of India awarded the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1977. He died on 3 August 2004 at the age of 88, succumbing to old age illnesses at Amrita Hospital in Kochi. The Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative named one of their townships as Paul Pothen Nagar, in honour of their former managing director.
# Vasum globulus

Vasum globulus is a rare species of medium-sized predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinellidae, subfamily Vasinae, the vase snails.
Subspecies:

## Description

The shell of the species is almost spherical, which is unusual in vase snails, hence the specific name globulus. The maximum recorded size of the shell is 43 mm, but it is small compared to that of other species in the same genus.

## Distribution

This species appears to be endemic to a few small islands in the Leeward Island chain of the Lesser Antilles, West Indies. It has been recorded from the following islands:
* Barbuda
* Antigua
* Sint Eustatius
# Mullae station

Mullae Station is an underground station on Seoul Subway Line 2. There is a 24-hour Home plus immediately outside Exit 4. It also serves various apartment complexes and factories. Close to Exit 7 is the street where some scenes in Avengers: Age of Ultron were filmed.

## Station layout

| G | Street level | Exit |
| L1 Concourse | Lobby | Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs |
| L2 Platform level | Side platform, doors will open on the right | Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| L2 Platform level | Outer loop | ← Line 2 toward City Hall (Sindorim) |
| L2 Platform level | Inner loop | → Line 2 toward Chungjeongno (Yeongdeungpo-gu Office) → |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right ||
# Richard Johnson (mayor)

Richard Johnson is an American politician and city manager who served as Mayor of Taunton, Massachusetts and City Manager of Lowell, Massachusetts.

## Early career

Prior to running for office, Johnson served as an administrative assistant to Taunton Mayor Theodore J. Aleixo, Jr. and as Director of the Taunton Housing Authority.

## Mayor of Taunton

In 1981, incumbent Mayor Joseph Amaral chose not to seek re-election and Johnson ran to succeed him. He finished first in the preliminary election with 4289 votes, defeating Amaral's administrative assistant Walter Precourt Jr. (2776 votes), City Councilman Tijuana Goldstein-Star (2729 votes), recent Syracuse University graduate David Goren (262 votes), and rock musician Russell N. Hurst (76 votes). He defeated Precourt in the general election 7266 votes to 6030.
During Johnson's first term, the city suffered economic misfortune as Parker Brothers and Paragon Gear shut down their Taunton plants. Although the city suffered through an economic slump and high unemployment during Johnson's early years as mayor, by 1987 unemployment in Taunton was at the lowest point on record. In 1986, GTE chose Taunton as the location for its new plant. In 1989, The Pyramid Companies announced plans to build a mall in Taunton, which would become the Silver City Galleria.
In 1990, Johnson prevented hip hop group 2 Live Crew from performing in Taunton, stating that he wanted to protect his community from the potential for violence and from the band's "outward display of immorality".
In 1991, Johnson was defeated in his bid for a sixth term, losing to Robert Nunes 6922 votes to 6741.

## City Manager of Lowell

Shortly after his defeat, Johnson was chosen by the Lowell City Council to serve as City Manager. In 1992, Lowell lost control of its budget to the state finance commission due to its unstable financial condition. It regained control in 1995. That same year, the City Council approved bond sales for the Tsongas Center and Edward A. LeLacheur Park.

## Post-government career

After leaving government, Johnson served as vice president of Veolia Water North America.
# Rogshajyay

Rogshajyay, also spelt as "Rogashojyay" or "Rogashajyaya", (Bengali: রোগশয্যায়; English: "From the sickbed") is a Bengali language poetry book written by Rabindranath Tagore. It was published in 1940. It is a significant work at the "Last Phase" of Rabindranath's poetry.