OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palaeonemertea

Palaeonemertea is a class of primitive nemertean worm. It may be para- or polyphyletic, consisting of three to five clades and totalling about 100 species.
These worms have several apparently simple features and, as their name suggests, they are often considered to be the most primitive nemerteans. The primary body-wall musculature consists of an outer circular layer overlying a longitudinal layer.
The group includes genera such as Cephalothrix in which the nerve cords are inside the body-wall longitudinal muscle, and Tubulanus, in which the nerve cords are between the outer circular muscle and the epidermis. Tubulanids are commonly encountered in rocky areas of intertidal zones in the northern hemisphere. They are often bright orange or have very distinctive banding and or stripes and can be many metres long, although only a few millimetres thick.

## Taxonomy

Chernyshev (2021) placed the group in its own superclass Pronemertea, and included the following three orders and six families in the group:
* Carinomiformes
** Carinomidae
** Carininidae
* Tubulaniformes
** Tubulanidae
** Carinomellidae
* Archinemertea
** Cephalotrichidae
** Cephalotrichellidae
# Palmar plate

In the human hand, palmar or volar plates (also referred to as palmar or volar ligaments) are found in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints, where they reinforce the joint capsules, enhance joint stability, and limit hyperextension. The plates of the MCP and IP joints are structurally and functionally similar, except that in the MCP joints they are interconnected by a deep transverse ligament. In the MCP joints, they also indirectly provide stability to the longitudinal palmar arches of the hand.
The volar plate of the thumb MCP joint has a transverse longitudinal rectangular shape, shorter than those in the fingers.

## Structure

This fibrocartilaginous structure is attached to the volar base of the phalanx distal to the joint. From there, it forms a palmar continuation of the articular surface of the phalanx bone and its inner surface thus adds to the articular surface during extension.
In its proximal end, the volar plate becomes membranous and blends with the volar capsule which is attached to the head of the metacarpal bone. During flexion, the plate glides proximally down the volar surface of the metacarpal head. Its flexible attachment to the phalanx bone not only prevents it from restricting joint movements, but also prevents the long flexor tendons from being pinched in the joint.
Flexion of the proximal phalanx is facilitated by the shape of the proximal edge, known as the volar recess, but this diaphanous end of the volar plate is also the part of the metacarpophalangeal joint that is most susceptible to injury during dislocations.
Due to its fibrocartilaginous composition, the plate is thus able to (1) resist tensile stresses while (2) restricting hyperextension and compression and (3) protecting the volar articular surface.

## Function

The palmar plate moves in three phases during joint flexion. First, it slides back toward the hand. Next, it is lifted away from the proximal phalanx by the A3 pulley. Last, a lip on the middle phalanx rolls into a recess on the plate. If the A3 pulley is not intact, the normal three phases of motion do not occur and instead the plate crumples.

## Metacarpophalangeal joints

In the MCP joints, the four volar plates of the fingers and the capsules within which they lie are blended with and interconnected by the deep transverse metacarpal ligament which ties the metacarpal heads together. Dorsal to this ligament on each side of the metacarpal heads are sagittal bands that connect the volar plates to the tendon of the extensor digitorum and to the extensor expansion. These bands help stabilise the volar plates over the metacarpal heads.
In contrast to the volar plates of the MCP joints of the fingers, the volar plate of the thumb MCP joint is a thick structure firmly attached to the base of the proximal phalanx. It forms the bottom of a two-sided box, the sides of which are made up of the collateral ligaments.

## Additional images

* Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Volar aspect.
* Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Ulnar aspect.
# Katharina Matz

Katharina Matz (11 June 1935 – 3 March 2021) was a Czech-born German film and television actress.

## Selected filmography

* The Man Who Sold Himself (1959)
* As You Like It (1970)
* The Wonderful Years (1979)
* Fifty-Fifty [de] (1988)

### Television appearances

* Maximilian von Mexiko (1970)
* The Old Fox: Tödlicher Bumerang (1985)
* The Old Fox: Der sanfte Tod (1987)
* Rosamunde Pilcher: Das Ende eines Sommers (1995)
* Notruf Hafenkante: Herz an Herz (2008)
# Kupferstrang

Kupferstrang is a small river of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a branch of the Innerste in Hildesheim.
# Hersilia (disambiguation)

Hersilia is a woman that features prominently in myths related to the creation of Rome.

## Animals

* Hersilia (spider), a genus of the spider family Hersiliidae
* Hersilia (fly), a genus of the fly family Tachinidae

## Vessels

* Hersilia, an American merchant vessel destroyed off the coast of Chile
# NIE

NIE or Nie may refer to:
* Nie (surname), Chinese surname
* NIE (magazine), a Polish weekly magazine
* NIE (resistance) (short for Niepodległość), the Polish anti-communist resistance movement in 1940s
* NIE number, the national tax identification number for foreigners in Spain
It is an acronym for:
* Napoleon in Europe, historical board game
* National Institute of Education, school in Singapore that provides professional training for teachers
* National Institute of Electronics (Pakistan), Pakistani research institution
* National Institute of Engineering, a college in Karnataka, India, now NIE University
* National Intelligence Estimate, a type of report by the United States Intelligence Community
* Network Integration Evaluation
* New institutional economics
* Newly industrializing economy
* Newspapers in Education, a program encouraging the use of newspapers in the classroom as a teaching tool of essential academic and life skills
* Newton's Institute of Engineering, Macherla, school in Andhra Pradesh, India
* Northern Ireland Electricity
* Northern Ireland Executive, devolved administration in Northern Ireland
# Pike Creek Township, Morrison County, Minnesota

Pike Creek Township is a township in Morrison County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 932 at the 2000 census.
Pike Creek Township was organized in 1880, and named after Pike Creek.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 33.8 square miles (87.5 km$^2$), of which 33.6 square miles (87.0 km$^2$) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.4 km$^2$) (0.50%) is water.
It lies to the west of the Mississippi River.
State Highways 27 and 238 are two of the main routes in the township.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 932 people, 316 households, and 257 families residing in the township. The population density was 27.7 inhabitants per square mile (10.7/km$^2$). There were 323 housing units at an average density of 9.6/sq mi (3.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.39% White, 0.11% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.11% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.64% of the population.
There were 316 households, out of which 40.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.5% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.4% were non-families. 15.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.28.
In the township the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $43,882, and the median income for a family was $47,273. Males had a median income of $32,083 versus $21,905 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,883. About 3.8% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 16.1% of those age 65 or over.
# Moscow Pushkin Drama Theatre

The Moscow Pushkin Drama Theatre is a theatre company in Moscow, Russian Federation created in 1950 on the base of Alexander Tairov's Chamber Theatre, which was founded in 1914 and shut down in 1949 for ideological reasons. The theatre is based in the Russian capital's centre, at Tverskoy Boulevard, 23.

## Background

The history of the Pushkin Drama Theatre goes back to 1914 when still relatively unknown Alexander Tairov was looking for a site for his new theatre. As the actress Alisa Koonen suggested a large house on Tverskoy, Tairov initially found it unsuitable before coming up with the idea of reconstruction, which was soon implemented into a project by the architect N.Morozov. The Chamber Theatre opened on December 12, 1914, with the production of traditional Sanskrit play Shakuntala. Problems emerged when the Russian Orthodox Church authorities expressed disapproval of the theatre's closeness to the Ioann Bogoslov Cathedral; the conflict proved to be lasting one, but did get resolved. In the 1930s the building was reconstructed (according to architects Konstantin Melnikov and the Stenberg brothers) although not as radically as Tairov wanted. The facade was simplified and became very modest looking. In 1949 the Chamber Theatre was closed, for "aestheticism and formalism", according to the official statement, as a result of the Zhdanov doctrine being put into practice.

## History

In 1950, based on the former Kamerny Theatre, the Pushkin Drama Theatre emerged with a Soviet actor Vasili Vanin at the helm. Vanin, the Stalin Prize three times laureate, declared his allegiance to the Russian classics and contemporary Soviet drama and started out by staging "From a Spark", Shalva Dadiani's 1937 play about the youth of Stalin. It was followed by Stolen Happiness (Ukradennoye stchastye), by Ivan Franko. Highly popular was Vanin's version of Krechinsky's Wedding by Aleksandr Sukhovo-Kobylin in which he played Rasplyuev. This role happened to be Vanin's last: in 1952 he died.
He was succeeded by Boris Babochkin (1952-1953); in this period was the most popular production Shadows after Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin's play directed by Aleksei Dikiy. Then came Iosif Tumanov (1953-1960); his best remembered production was Anton Checkov's Ivanov, starring Boris Ivanov. In 1960 Boris Ravenskikh arrived, formulating his directorial credo as "trying to wake up a poet in every man." Comedy and romanticism became the order of the day: his bright, emotional productions used music to the full effect and is now seen as a reflection of the social optimism brought about by the Sixties Thaw.
Among the Pushkin Theatre other leaders were Boris Tolmazov (1971-1978), Alexey Govorukho (1978-1983), Boris Morozov (1983-1987), Yuri Yeryomin (1987-2000) and Roman Kozak (2001-2010). Its current head is Yevgeny Pisarev.
# Fox Point, Newfoundland and Labrador

Fox Point is a settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador.
# Nouvelle École (disambiguation)

Nouvelle École is an annual French-language political and philosophy magazine.
Nouvelle École, a French phrase meaning New School, may also refer to:
* "Nouvelle École", a song by French rapper Booba from the 2002 album Temps mort
* La Nouvelle Ecole de Paris, a postwar group of artists; see Pierre Emile Lelong
* École Nouvelle de la Suisse Romande, a school in Lausanne, Switzerland
# Ja jesam odavde

Ja jesam odavde (trans. I Am from Here) is the first and the only album performed live by former Yugoslav and Serbian rock band Galija. The album was recorded on Galija concert held on March 8, 1998 in Čair Sports Center, Niš.
Ja jesam odavde is one of two Galija albums (the other one being the 1999 studio album Južnjačka uteha) recorded without their vocalist, Predrag Milosavljević.

## Track listing

* "Da me nisi" – 3:49
* "Žena koje nema" – 4:25
* "Skadarska" – 3:37
* "Milica" – 5:49
* "Pismo" – 4:40
* "Decimen" – 11:32
* "Gospa" – 5:08
* "Ja nisam odavde" – 6:05
* "Noć" – 5:06
* "Stare trube" – 5:43
* "Dodirni me" – 6:47
* "Kotor" – 6:07
* "Još uvek sanjam" – 6:58

## Personnel

* Nenad Milosavljević - vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica
* Saša Ranđelović - guitar
* Saša Lokner - keyboard
* Slaviša Pavlović - bass guitar
* Boban Pavlović - drums
* Dragutin Jakovljević - guitar

### Guest musicians

* Gordana Svilarević - backing vocals
* Ivana Ćosić - backing vocals
# Palmar veins

Palmar veins refers to:
* Palmar digital veins, veins found on the fingers
* Palmar metacarpal veins, veins found on the palm
# Kutch, Colorado

Kutch is an unincorporated community in Elbert County, in the U.S. state of Colorado.

## History

A post office called Kutch was established in 1905, and remained in operation until 1971. The community was named after Ira Kutch, a local rancher.
# Hides gas field

The Hides gas field is a natural gas field located in the Hela Province of Papua New Guinea. It was discovered by BP in 1987, and after BP relinquished their interest, was later developed by ExxonMobil. It began production in 1988 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Hides gas field are around 7.1 trillion cubic feet (203×10$^9$m³), and production is slated to be around 100 million cubic feet/day (2.9×10$^6$m³) in 2010.
# NIF3L1

NIF3-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NIF3L1 gene.

## Interactions

NIF3L1 has been shown to interact with COPS2.
# Vactor

Vactor may refer to:

## People

* David Van Vactor (1906–1994), American classical composer
* Ted Vactor (born 1944), American football player

## Vehicles

* Vacuum truck, sometimes referred to as vactors or vactor trucks

## Occupation

* Virtual actor
# Masters M50 discus world record progression

Masters M50 discus world record progression is the progression of world record improvements of the discus M50 division of Masters athletics. Records must be set in properly conducted, official competitions under the standing IAAF rules unless modified by World Masters Athletics.
The M50 division consists of male athletes who have reached the age of 50 but have not yet reached the age of 55, so exactly from their 50th birthday to the day before their 55th birthday. The M50 division throws a 1.5 kg implement.

## Key

Incomplete information  Pending
| Distance | Athlete | Nationality | Birthdate | Location | Date |
| 68.40 | Klaus Weiffenbach | Germany | 21.01.1945 | Medelby | 10.05.1997 |
| 65.30 | Al Oerter | United States | 19.09.1936 | | 28.12.1986 |
| 56.62 | Parry O'Brien | United States | 28.01.1932 | San Diego | 08.06.1985 |
| 54.92 | Carmelo Rado | Italy | 04.08.1933 | Asti | 25.06.1984 |
| 54.26 | Kauko Jouppila | Finland | 03.03.1921 | Kauhava | 05.08.1973 |
| 54.18 | Fortune Gordien | United States | 09.09.1922 | Walnut | 28.04.1973 |
# J. K. Rithesh

J. K. Rithesh (5 March 1973 – 13 April 2019) was an Indian actor and member of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He was a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) Member of Parliament (MP) in the 15th Lok Sabha from Ramanathpuram constituency. In the Indian general elections of 2009, Rithesh received 294,945 votes to defeat his closest rival, Satiyamoorthy of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) party by a margin of 69,215 votes. On 10 April 2014, he joined AIADMK as a primary member. He died on 13 April 2019, due to heart attack.

## Early life and education

Rithesh was born in Kandy, Sri Lanka in 1973 before migrating to Rameswaram in 1976, where he was brought up. His father was employed in the agricultural sector and his mother is a housewife. Rithesh has two elder sisters, Shanthi and Mani. Rithesh married Jotheeswari in 2007 and has a son, Arik Roshan (born 2008). He completed Diploma in Civil Engineering at Mohamed Sathak Polytechnic College Kilakarai, Ramanathapuram district.

## Career

His first film was Kaanal Neer, directed by Chinni Jayanth. Rithesh had helped produce the project but the film failed to become a success at the box-office. His second film, Nayagan took an average opening at the box-office.
After the moderate performance of Nayagan, the actor announced several projects and started work on films including Thillu Mullu alongside another debutant Siddique, a film with Chinni Jayanth, Deivamagan and his home production, Thalapathy. As of 2019, none of these projects have been completed. He made his acting comeback with a negative role in LKG.
He was arrested in November 2011 in a land grabbing case. He was booked in charges of cheating a US citizen of Indian origin for promising him buying a land.

## Death

Rithesh died on 13 April 2019, due to a heart attack at Ramanathapuram at the age of 46.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2007 | Kaanal Neer | Rajavel | |
| 2008 | Nayagan | Guru | |
| 2010 | Pen Singam | | Cameo appearance |
| 2019 | LKG | Ramraj Pandian | |
# Kathy Stanton

Kathy Stanton is a former Sinn Fein politician who was a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for North Belfast from 2003 until 2007

## Background

Stanton was co-opted to Belfast City Council in 2000, for the Oldpark District, before losing her seat in the 2001 local government elections. She was then elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly, representing North Belfast, in the 2003 election. As a Sinn Fein representative, Stanton served as a party official in North Belfast, as well as equality spokesperson. In 2006, she announced that she would not be contesting the next Assembly election, but denied reports that this was owing to Sinn Féin endorsing the Police Service of Northern Ireland.

### Personal life

She lives in the New Lodge area with her five children.
Northern Ireland Assembly :
| Preceded byBilly Hutchinson | MLA for Belfast North 2003–2007 | Succeeded byCarál Ní Chuilín |
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# Ringmoor

The Ringmoor settlement is an Iron Age/Romano-British farming settlement in Dorset, England. It is between the villages of Okeford Fitzpaine and Turnworth, and lies on east-facing slopes of Bell Hill, on the Dorset Downs.
The site is owned by the National Trust, and is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

## Earthworks

The site is well preserved in unploughed downland. There is a farmstead, an oval enclosure about 45 metres (148 ft) by 33 metres (108 ft), with an entrance on the east; inside are levelled areas, thought to be the sites of buildings. Outside the enclosure, trackways and field systems are still clearly visible as banks in the grassland.

## More recent occupation

Ringmoor Cottages, built in the mid 19th century, once stood on the site, but they were vacated and demolished in the early 1950s.
# Potentilla douglasii

Potentilla douglasii is a species of flowering plant in the rose family known by several common names, including pinewoods horkelia and dusky horkelia. It is native to the western United States from California to Wyoming, where it is generally found in mountain forests and meadows.

## Description

Potentilla douglasii grows as a perennial herb and forms a thick tuft of leaves, each growing erect up to 15 centimeters tall. Each leaf is made up of wedge-shaped or rounded leaflets with toothed or lobed edges. These are often gray-green and somewhat hairy. The brown or reddish hairy stem reaches a maximum height near 60 centimeters and holds an inflorescence of several clusters of flowers. Each flower has small, pointed bractlets beneath larger green, red, or magenta sepals and five white to pinkish petals. The center of the flower has a ring of ten stamens around a bunch of 10 to 20 small pistils.

## Taxonomy

The following varieties are recognised:
* P. f. var. brownii
* P. f. var. capitata (bighead horkelia) — native to the Pacific Northwest
* P. f. var. douglasii
* P. f. var. filicoides — endemic to Oregon
* P. f. var. parviflora (smallflower horkelia) — throughout the range of the species
* P. f. var. pseudocapitata
* P. f. var. tenella — occurs only in California
# Guðmundur Þór Kárason

Guðmundur Þór Kárason (born 14 June 1974) is an Icelandic puppet designer and puppeteer who is best known for his work on LazyTown, in which he portrayed the character Ziggy.

## Early life

Guðmundur Þór Kárason was born on 14 June 1974 in Reykjavík, Iceland, to director Kári H. Þórsson and visual artist Jenný E. Guðmundsdóttir.

## Career

In 1994, he founded Wit Puppets in Iceland, working on commercials, theater and television programs. Guðmundur's involvement in Wit Puppets ranges from character development, construction and performing some of the puppets himself.
In 1998, Kárason joined Lazy Shows, performing and consulting on the show as well as designing visuals for the company.
Starting in 2004, Kárason was one of the founders of LTS Garðbær Studios (also known as LazyTown Entertainment), puppet performer and voice of Ziggy in LazyTown. In 2010, he was a photographer for the Eurovision Song Contest. In 2011, he was the director and producer for the postcards of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in the Armenian capital Yerevan.