OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rabin fingerprint

The Rabin fingerprinting scheme (aka Polynomial fingerprinting) is a method for implementing fingerprints using polynomials over a finite field. It was proposed by Michael O. Rabin.

## Scheme

Given an n-bit message m$_0$,...,m$_{n-1}$, we view it as a polynomial of degree n-1 over the finite field GF(2).
    $f(x)=m_{0}+m_{1}x+\ldots +m_{n-1}x^{n-1}$
We then pick a random irreducible polynomial ⁠$p(x)$⁠ of degree k over GF(2), and we define the fingerprint of the message m to be the remainder $r(x)$ after division of $f(x)$ by $p(x)$ over GF(2) which can be viewed as a polynomial of degree k − 1 or as a k-bit number.

## Applications

Many implementations of the Rabin–Karp algorithm internally use Rabin fingerprints.
The Low Bandwidth Network Filesystem (LBFS) from MIT uses Rabin fingerprints to implement variable size shift-resistant blocks. The basic idea is that the filesystem computes the cryptographic hash of each block in a file. To save on transfers between the client and server, they compare their checksums and only transfer blocks whose checksums differ. But one problem with this scheme is that a single insertion at the beginning of the file will cause every checksum to change if fixed-sized (e.g. 4 KB) blocks are used. So the idea is to select blocks not based on a specific offset but rather by some property of the block contents. LBFS does this by sliding a 48 byte window over the file and computing the Rabin fingerprint of each window. When the low 13 bits of the fingerprint are zero LBFS calls those 48 bytes a breakpoint and ends the current block and begins a new one. Since the output of Rabin fingerprints are pseudo-random the probability of any given 48 bytes being a breakpoint is $2^{-13}$ (1 in 8192). This has the effect of shift-resistant variable size blocks. Any hash function could be used to divide a long file into blocks (as long as a cryptographic hash function is then used to find the checksum of each block): but the Rabin fingerprint is an efficient rolling hash, since the computation of the Rabin fingerprint of region B can reuse some of the computation of the Rabin fingerprint of region A when regions A and B overlap.
Note that this is a problem similar to that faced by rsync.
# Nordau

Nordau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Max Nordau (1849–1923), Zionist leader, physician, author, and social critic
* Maxa Nordau (1897–1993), French painter, daughter of Max
# Lawrence Kingsley Callahan

Lieutenant Lawrence Kingsley Callahan was a World War I flying ace credited with five victories.

## Early life

Callahan was born in Louisville, Kentucky and graduated from Cornell University.

## World War I aerial service

He was living in Chicago when he initially joined the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps. He served on exchange duty with the Royal Flying Corps, receiving advanced training as a fighter pilot and attached to 85 Squadron when it went to war on the Western Front. He flew Royal Aircraft Factory SE.5a fighters to his first three triumphs, on 16 June, 13 July, and 24 July 1918. He then switched to No. 148 Squadron and its Sopwith Camels for his last two victories, when he destroyed Fokker D.VII fighters on 3 and 28 October 1918.
Elliott White Springs's Warbirds memoirs of No. 85 Squadron featured Callahan.

## Post World War I

Callahan returned to the military for World War II, joining the U.S. Army Air Corps. This term of service took him to duty with the 12th U.S. Air Force in Oran, Algeria.

## Honors and awards

Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC)
For gallantry and skill. On 28 October 1918, this officer, whilst leading his flight, attacked a formation of seven Fokkers and after firing a short burst at one EA, sent it down completely out of control NW of Jenlain, and drove another EA off the tail of one of his flight. His flight in this fight accounted for six EA crashed and one out of control without losing a machine, a result largely due to his skilful leading. On another occasion he engaged a formation of EA over Esnes and succeeded in shooting down several of the EA which crashed near Esnes. This officer has accounted for seventeen EA crashed and one driven down out of control; he has proven himself an exceptionally fine patrol leader and has at all times displayed gallantry, initiative and devotion to duty of the highest order.
# Jamie Brazier

Jamie Lee Brazier (born 19 April 1975) is a Papua New Guinean cricketer. A right-handed batsman and off spin bowler, he has played for the Papua New Guinea national cricket team since 2001.

## Personal life

Born in Port Moresby in 1975, Jamie Brazier was educated at Murray International Primary School in his home town before attending Barker College in Sydney. He then moved on to Newcastle High School before attending Oxford University, where he gained a degree in law. Outside of cricket, he works as branch manager of a pest control business in Port Moresby.

## Cricket career

Jamie Brazier made his debut for Papua New Guinea in an ICC Trophy warm-up match against Scotland at the Kaiteur Cricket Club in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. He played five matches in the tournament itself. He represented Papua New Guinea at the 2003 South Pacific Games in Fiji, winning a gold medal in the cricket tournament.
The following year, he played for a combined East Asia Pacific team in the Australian National Country Cricket Championships. He has played in the tournament every year since. In 2005 he played in the repêchage tournament of the 2005 ICC Trophy. Papua New Guinea won the tournament after beating Fiji in the final. Brazier was named man of the match in the final. This qualified them for the 2005 ICC Trophy in Ireland in which Brazier played, making his List A debut.
He most recently represented his country at Division Three of the World Cricket League in Darwin in 2007.
# Pothyne flavostictica

Pothyne flavostictica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1940.
# Tru Blu Beverages

Tru Blu Beverages is an Australian soft drink producer. 1 in 6 beverages purchased by Australian consumers through supermarkets is made by Tru Blu Beverages. Employing 400 people nationally, they are an important manufacturer in the Australian business sector, and are the No. 3 non-alcoholic, non-dairy beverage manufacturer in Australia. The beverages are sold nationally through leading supermarkets (Coles, Woolworths, IGA), corner stores, petrol and convenience outlets. The company has factories in 3 states and offices in each major capital city.
In 2011, Asahi Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd acquired P&N Beverages Australia Pty Ltd, simultaneously divesting the cordial and carbonated soft drink business of P&N to the newly established Tru Blu Beverages Pty Ltd, and retained the water and fruit juice business of P&N. They produce over 20 brands across soft drink, cordial, sparkling mineral water and energy drinks. Below is a list of some of the brands produced and sold by Tru Blu Beverages:
LA ICE, LA maxi ICE, Diet Rite, Tiger Ginger Beer, Glee, Capri, Waterfords Lite & Fruity, Wicked, Yankee Root Beer, McSars, Ceda Creaming Soda, Lido Lemonade, Juicee, Club Dry Ginger, Pub Squash, Brewers Choice Ginger Beer, Passion Crush
Woolworths
Coles
* FruitCo Orange +, Apple Pear +, Grape +,10 Fruits +, Apple Mango Banana +, Apricot Nectar +, Apple + & Tomato + 2L
* Viva Cordial Lime, Fruit Cup & Raspberry 2L
* Diet Rite Cordial Apple Raspberry, Lemon, Strawberry Guaya, Fruit Cocktail 1L
Their head office is located in Condell Park, a suburb in Sydney, NSW.
# Tibtenga-Fulbé

Tibtenga-Fulbé is a village in the Nassere Department of Bam Province in northern Burkina Faso. It has a population of 162.
# Pollinator exclusion experiment

Pollinator exclusion experiments are experiments used by ecologists to determine the effectiveness of putative plant pollination vectors. Essentially, certain pollinators are prevented from visiting certain flowers, and observations are then made on which flowers develop seeds. If the exclusion of a certain class of visitor prevents or greatly reduces flower fertilisation rates, then it can be concluded that that class of visitor plays an important role in pollination.
There are various methods for excluding pollinators. A cage may exclude nectarivorous birds and mammals but allow access by insects. A net may exclude all but the smallest animals, yet permit wind-pollination. Insect repellent may prevent visits by insects whilst allowing access by birds and mammals. Bags may be used to prevent all but autogamous pollination. Bagging flowers only during the day or night makes it possible to exclude diurnal or nocturnal visitors respectively.
* This botany article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Antheuil

Antheuil (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

## Geography

Antheuil is located some 40 km south-west of Dijon and 25 km north-west of Beaune. It can be accessed by the minor D115 road running north from the D18 road passing through the village and continuing north-west to join the D33. The commune is hilly and heavily forested.
The Antheuil river rises south of the village and flows north-west to join the Ouche near Veuvey-sur-Ouche.

### Neighbouring communes and villages

vtePlaces adjacent to Antheuil :
La Bussière-sur-Ouche
Saint-Victor-sur-Ouche
Ternant
Crugey
Antheuil
Détain-et-Bruant
Thorey-sur-Ouche
Bouilland :

### Heraldry

| Arms of Antheuil | Blazon: Gules, two lances of Or saltirewise debruised by a stone tablet in Argent charged with lines in sable; in chief wavy of Azure soutenu in Argent charged with three daisies of Or. |

## Administration

List of Successive Mayors
| From | To | Name |
| 1945 | 1965 | Théophile Maurice Gauthier |
| ? | 2001 | Jean Anus |
| 2001 | 2008 | Jean-Claude Lebreuil |
| 2008 | 2014 | Michel Lefort |
| 2014 | 2024 | Martine Seguin |
| 2024 | 2026 | Aurélie Seguin |

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 224 | — |
| 1800 | 240 | +0.99% |
| 1806 | 264 | +1.60% |
| 1821 | 304 | +0.94% |
| 1831 | 247 | −2.05% |
| 1836 | 300 | +3.96% |
| 1841 | 324 | +1.55% |
| 1846 | 326 | +0.12% |
| 1851 | 348 | +1.31% |
| 1856 | 381 | +1.83% |
| 1861 | 368 | −0.69% |
| 1866 | 347 | −1.17% |
| 1872 | 320 | −1.34% |
| 1876 | 306 | −1.11% |
| 1881 | 308 | +0.13% |
| 1886 | 303 | −0.33% |
| 1891 | 273 | −2.06% |
| 1896 | 257 | −1.20% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 211 | −3.87% |
| 1906 | 210 | −0.09% |
| 1911 | 184 | −2.61% |
| 1921 | 141 | −2.63% |
| 1926 | 126 | −2.22% |
| 1931 | 103 | −3.95% |
| 1936 | 90 | −2.66% |
| 1946 | 85 | −0.57% |
| 1954 | 75 | −1.55% |
| 1962 | 63 | −2.16% |
| 1968 | 51 | −3.46% |
| 1975 | 44 | −2.09% |
| 1982 | 46 | +0.64% |
| 1990 | 53 | +1.79% |
| 1999 | 65 | +2.29% |
| 2007 | 66 | +0.19% |
| 2012 | 63 | −0.93% |
| 2017 | 60 | −0.97% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE :

## Sites and monuments

* Le Bel Affeux, a picturesque stream
* La Roche percée (Pierced rock), a hill in the east
* La Roche des Demoiselles (Young ladies' rock), a hill in the west
* La Roche plate (Flat rock)
* The Château Mignon
* The Parish Church of Saint-Antide contains two items t5hat are registered as historical objects:
** A Statue: Virgin and child (16th century)
** A Stoup (12th century)
# Huancané (disambiguation)

Huancané can refer to a city, a district and a province in Peru.
For the use of the term in a specific setting, see:
* Huancané for the town in Peru.
* Huancané District for the district in the Huancané province.
* Huancané Province for the province in Puno.
# West Caroga Lake

West Caroga Lake is located in the Town of Caroga by Caroga Lake, New York. The lake is known for excellent warm water fishing, but it also offers the only location to fish for splake in the county. The lake is connected to East Caroga Lake by a small channel. Origin of the name, "Caroga" is derived from the once nearby Indian Village known as "Caroga".

## Fishing

Fish found within this lake include smallmouth bass, lake whitefish, atlantic salmon, white sucker, rainbow trout, rock bass, landlocked salmon, chain pickerel, brown bullhead, yellow perch, pumpkinseed sunfish, and splake. Anglers have the opportunity to fish for warm water species and trout because of the unique contour of lake. Rainbow trout have also been known to enter into West Caroga Lake through the channel from East Caroga Lake.
# Rufino Pacific Tower

Rufino Pacific Tower or more commonly known as Rufino Tower or Rufino Plaza is an office skyscraper and is one of the tallest buildings in the Philippines and tallest buildings in Metro Manila. It remains as the tallest steel-framed building in the country. It has a ground to architectural top height of 161 metres (528 ft), one of three ways of determining building heights according to Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Counting its eight-storey radio tower, the building has a total height of 200 metres (660 ft). It has a total of 41 stories above ground level, including a 10 storey podium which is actually the original building, the old V.A. Rufino Building, and was modified to be the podium of the new tower. It is one of the few skyscrapers that utilizes car elevators.
Rufino Tower is designed with exterior double-glazed, unitized curtain walls that create a facade that reflects a fusion of art and function. Its interiors are an interplay of glass, natural stone and metal. The building is the home of the Rufino family corporations, including major financial and insurance corporations. The Czech Embassy is also housed in the tower.

## Location

The building is located at 6784 Ayala Avenue corner V.A. Rufino Street (which was also named in honor of the Rufino family) in Makati. The stretch of Ayala Avenue, aptly nicknamed the Wall Street of the Philippines, where Rufino Pacific Tower lies also has branches of Metrobank, Bank of the Philippine Islands, Equitable PCI Bank (now BDO), Export and Industry Bank, International Exchange Bank (now UnionBank), and East West Bank. The Tower hosts the city's first "green & boutique" business centre, Little Green Hub, for incubating start-up and early-stage companies in Makati. It also almost directly faces PBCom Tower, the tallest building in the Philippines then. The building has a signature all glass design, similar to Pacific Plaza Towers, one of the tallest buildings in Bonifacio Global City, which was also developed by the Rufino family.
# Railway costing

Railway costing is the calculation of the variable and fixed costs of rail movements. Variable costs are those that increase or decrease with changes in the traffic volumes or service levels and include fuel, maintenance and train crew costs, for example. Fixed costs are normally associated with items such as head office, interest charges and other overhead. Unit costs can then be calculated based on the expenses of the railway divided into standard categories.

## Types of cost

In order to assist in its deliberations regarding rate and service complaints, the Canadian Transportation Agency has identified various types of costs. These costs include:
* the maintenance and operation of way and structures, such as track and roadway, signals, communication, and fuel stations
* the maintenance and operation of equipment, such as locomotives, freight cars, intermodal equipment, and work equipment
* railway operations, such as train and yard operations, train control, and intermodal
* general costs, such as general administration, employee benefits, taxes, insurance, purchasing and material stores
* cost of capital
* depreciation

## Methodology

The methodology used in railway costing breaks down the costs of rail traffic to their unit value and from there determines their relationship to traffic handled and service provided. Therefore, as traffic and services change, the effect of these changes can be estimated from the unit values previously determined. The costing model methodology allows for variable costs to increase as traffic increases, whereas the fixed costs will remain constant, regardless of the overall level of traffic.

## Mathematical models

Railway costing is typically performed using mathematical models. Using unit costs from current operating data and current accounting and operating information, it is possible to develop costing information for the railway. This costing information may be used to estimate the operating cost of a new line and to determine whether it is economically viable. Alternatively, the model could be used to estimate the cost effects of changing speed limits along a route. The savings that can be achieved with a railway costing model are endless. For example, by knowing the costs of doing business, a railway can appropriately determine the tariffs to be charged.
In addition, railway costing models typically handle passenger and freight traffic, making them applicable in more situations, including mixed traffic situations.
some commercial variations of railway costing models have been implemented, including the OSCAR railway costing model developed by CPCS Transcom Limited. CPCS is an international infrastructure development firm and has successfully used this model in dozens of its projects worldwide.
The Cartage railway costing model was developed by Vectorail, a global supplier of railway costing solutions with more than forty years of experience in the field.
# Paul Silk

Sir Evan Paul Silk KCB FLSW (born 8 February 1952) is a former clerk in the British House of Commons. He was formerly Clerk to the National Assembly for Wales from March 2001 to January 2007, the most senior official of the Assembly, and acted as the principal adviser to the Presiding Officer, responsible for all the services that are delivered to Assembly Members through the Assembly Parliamentary Service. In 2011, he was appointed as chair of the Commission on Devolution in Wales. In 2017 he was a member of the Expert Panel on Electoral Reform set up by the Assembly.
Sir Paul Silk is also a member of the Steering Committee of the Constitution Reform Group (CRG), a cross-party pressure group chaired by Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury, which seeks a new constitutional settlement in the UK by way of a new Act of Union. The Constitution Reform Group's Act of Union Bill 2018 was introduced as a Private Member's Bill by Lord Lisvane in the House of Lords on 9 October 2018, when it received a formal first reading. The Bill has been described by the BBC as "one to watch" in the current Parliament.
In 2018, Silk was appointed Chair of the Membership Selection Panel of Glas Cymru. From 2019 to 2021 he was Deputy Chair of the Representative Body of the Church in Wales. He is a member of the UK Parliamentary and Political Service Honours Committee.

## Education

Silk was born in Crickhowell, Powys. He was educated at Christ College, Brecon; Brasenose College, Oxford; Princeton University (USA) and the Open University.
He is currently an honorary Professor at the Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University, an Honorary Fellow of Aberystwyth University and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. In 2019, he was made an Honorary Doctor of the University by the Open University.

## Professional career

Silk served as House of Commons Clerk for a total of almost 25 years (1975–77, 1979–2001 and 2007–10), clerking at different times three departmental Select Committees, including the Foreign Affairs and Home Affairs Committees.
Silk is a former Clerk of the Welsh Grand Committee. Clerk in charge of the Government of Wales Bill and contributed to drafting the first Standing Orders of the National Assembly. He has also worked as Presidential Adviser in the Council of Europe's Parliamentary Assembly, and has participated in a number of programmes for emerging democracies. He has written and lectured on Parliament and the Constitution.
Silk was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 2015 New Years Honours List for services to parliaments and devolution.
# Pothyne femoralis

Pothyne femoralis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1940.
# Tibshelf Community School

Tibshelf Community School is a mixed secondary school located in Tibshelf in the English county of Derbyshire.
It is a community school administered by Derbyshire County Council, and serves a catchment area of nine villages located across the districts of Bolsover and North East Derbyshire. They include Blackwell, Newton, Heath, Hilcote, Holmewood, Morton, Pilsley, Tibshelf and Westhouses.
Tibshelf Community School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils. The school relocated to new buildings during 2014.

## Notable alumni

* Sophie Baggaley - Association football goalkeeper who plays for Birmingham City L.F.C. and has represented England at under 23 level, attended Tibshelf Community School from 2008 to 2013.
# Joscha

Joscha is a unisex given name, found in Germany and Switzerland. Notable people with this name include:
* Joscha Bach (born 1973), a German AI and cognitive science researcher
* Joscha Burkhalter (born 1996), a Swiss biathlete
* Joscha Kiefer (born 1982), a German actor
* Joscha Remus (born 1958), a German author
* Joscha Schmierer (born 1942), a German politician and author
* Joscha Wosz (born 2002), a German football player
# Anthessiidae

Anthessiidae is a family of cyclopoid copepods in the order Cyclopoida. There are about 7 genera and more than 60 described species in Anthessiidae.

## Genera

These seven genera belong to the family Anthessiidae:
* Anthessius Della Valle, 1880
* Discanthessius Kim I.H., 2009
* Katanthessius Stock, 1960
* Neanthessius Izawa, 1976
* Panaietis Stebbing, 1900
* Pseudomolgus
* Rhinomolgus Sars G.O., 1918
# Nortel Discovery Protocol

The Nortel Discovery Protocol (NDP) is a data link layer (OSI Layer 2) network protocol for discovery of Nortel networking devices and certain products from Avaya and Ciena. The device and topology information may be graphically displayed network management software.
The Nortel Discovery Protocol had its origin in the SynOptics Network Management Protocol (SONMP), developed before the SynOptics and Wellfleet Communications merger in 1994. The protocol was rebranded as the Bay Network Management Protocol (BNMP) and some protocol analyzers referenced it as the Bay Discovery Protocol (BDP). Four years later, in 1998, Bay Networks was acquired by Nortel and renamed it to Nortel Discovery Protocol.
The IEEE 802.1AB or Link Layer Discovery Protocol that is supported on most Nortel equipment is a standards based (vendor-neutral) protocol that supports multi-vendor environments.

## Historical names

* Bay Discovery Protocol (BDP)
* Bay Topology Protocol
* Bay Network Management Protocol (BNMP)
* Nortel Management MIB (NMM)
* Nortel Topology Discovery Protocol (NTDP)
* SynOptics Network Management Protocol (SONMP)
# National Institute of Technology (disambiguation)

The National Institutes of Technology are a group of higher education engineering institutes in India.
National Institute of Technology may also refer to:
* National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)
* National Institute of Technology (Norway)
* National Institute of Technology (United States)
* Kumoh National Institute of Technology, South Korea
* National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Japan
* National Institute of Technology (Brazil) [pt]
# Ralf Youtz

Ralf Youtz (born 1972) is an American musician. Youtz was the original drummer in the Boise, Idaho-based indie rock band Built to Spill. He appeared on their 1993 debut album, Ultimate Alternative Wavers. Youtz was replaced by Andy Capps after the album's release, although he would work with Martsch again with The Halo Benders. Youtz also had short stints with the bands Sone and The Feelings. Youtz played guitar and sang in Ape Shape, which opened for Built to Spill on several dates of their 2005 tour. He also played bass in The No-No's. His sister, Karena Youtz was married to Built to Spill frontman Doug Martsch. In 2019, Youtz joined the Last Regiment of Syncopated Drummers as a snare drummer.
Youtz is currently a Mathematics instructor at Portland Community College. Youtz teaches mainly Statistics.