OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gerald F. Schroeder

Gerald Frank Schroeder (born September 13, 1939) is a former American attorney and jurist who served as chief justice of Idaho. He was appointed to the court in 1995 by Governor Phil Batt, and was elected chief justice by his peers in 2004. He served on the court for over a dozen years and retired in July 2007.

## Early life and education

Born in Boise, Idaho, Schroeder attended public schools in Caldwell, Idaho and Baker, Oregon, where he was salutatorian at Baker High School in 1957. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in History from the College of Idaho in Caldwell in 1961, and initially planned on becoming a history professor. He took the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) on a whim and was accepted to Harvard Law School, earning his J.D. in 1964.

## Career

After graduating from law school, Schroeder returned to Idaho and worked for several firms in Boise for three years. He was then appointed a deputy U.S. attorney in 1967, became a county probate judge in 1969, and a magistrate two years later. He became a state judge in 1975 in the fourth district (Boise), a position he held for two decades, until his appointment to the state supreme court in January 1995. Schroeder retained his seat in 1996 and 2002, running unopposed in both statewide elections.
As a district judge, Schroeder made headlines in 1987 as he ruled that the state lottery initiative, approved by voters the previous November, was unconstitutional. His decision was upheld 4-1 by the state supreme court, and resulted in an amendment to the state constitution. Voters approved that in November 1988, and the lottery was launched in July 1989.
Schroeder ordered the execution of double-murderer Keith Wells in 1992. Carried out in January 1994, it was Idaho's first execution in over 36 years and the tenth in state history. He was among the officials that witnessed the execution by lethal injection at the Idaho State Correctional Institution.
# Gephyraspis lutescens

Gephyraspis lutescens is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Madagascar.
# Twilight of the Renegades

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Twilight of the Renegades is the tenth album by American singer-songwriter Jimmy Webb, released in August 2005 by Sanctuary Records.

## Production

Twilight of the Renegades was recorded at Sunset Sound, Cherokee Recording, and Calliope Studios in Los Angeles, California, and Right Track, Sound on Sound, and Jimmy Webb Music in New York City.

## Release

Twilight of the Renegades was released in the United Kingdom in May 2005 before being released in the United States on August 16, 2005.

## Critical response

In his review for AllMusic, William Ruhlmann gave the album a mixed review, welcoming the artist's "ambitious songwriting and arranging that characterized his classic work of the 1960s" while noting that "vocals remain the weak spot in the performing aspect of Webb's career". Ruhlmann continued:
   The 12 songs are mostly piano-based ballads, the extended melodies of which will sound familiar to anyone who's heard "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" or "The Highwayman" (in other words, everyone). The song structures tend to be extended, too, often eschewing the conventional verse-chorus patterns of pop. The lyrics are imaginative and touch on surprising subjects, starting with "Paul Gauguin in the South Seas," one of several songs about unusual characters in search of individual happiness, only some of whom succeed in finding it. In this sense, the most touching song must be "Class Clown", which follows a character from the schoolroom through life to the point when Webb concludes his story by repeating, "He's homeless." But there are also touching love songs, notably "Why Do I Have To...", the arrangement for which strongly recalls Burt Bacharach with its single muted trumpet.
While acknowledging that Webb's singing has improved over the years, he "continues to listen to him to hear a composer's individual interpretation of his work, rather than for definitive renditions of the songs". The AllMusic website gave the album four out of five stars.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jimmy Webb
# Milesia bella

Milesia bella is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

United States, Mexico.
# Milko Kelemen

Milko Kelemen (30 March 1924 – 8 March 2018) was a Croatian composer.

## Life

Milko Kelemen was born in Slatina, Croatia (then Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). He studied under Stjepan Šulek in Zagreb, under Olivier Messiaen in Paris and Wolfgang Fortner in Freiburg amongst others.
Kelemen founded the Music Biennale Zagreb, an international contemporary music festival and served as its president from 1961 to 1979.
He also worked at the Electronic Siemens Studio in Munich and was invited to Berlin as Composer in Residence.
Kelemen was a recipient of many awards, most notably the Federal Cross of Merit, the prize of the ISCM, the Great Yugoslav State Prize, and the French order Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres.
Kelemen taught composition at many prestigious schools and universities, including Zagreb University, Academy of Music, Croatia (1955-58), The Robert Schumann Institute in Düsseldorf, Germany (1970-72), Stuttgart Academy of Music, Germany (1973-89), Yale University, USA (1975-77), and Montreal University, Canada (1977-78).
Since 1973, he lived in Stuttgart, Germany, where he died. His works are published by Hans Sikorski Music Publishers.

## Selected works

* Koncertantne improvizacije for strings (1955)
* Three Dances for viola and string orchestra (1958)
* Études contrapuntiques for Wind Quintet (1959)
* Composé for two pianos and orchestral groups (1967)
* Der Belagerungszustant, opera, after Camus (1969-70)
* Splintery for String Quartet (1977)
* Apocalyptica - opéra bestial, multimedia ballet-opera, after Arrabal (1979)
* Phantasmen for viola and orchestra (1985)
* Requiem for Sarajevo for six cellos, narrator, and bass drum (1994)
* Archetypon II – Für Anton for large orchestra (1995)
# Gerard Smith (Gaelic footballer)

Gerard Smith (born 1994) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Lavey and the Cavan county team.

## Playing career
### Club

Smith has played with Lavey from underage level. He has yet to win a championship medal at senior level.

### Inter-county
#### Minor and U-21

On 17 July 2011, Smith lined out for the Cavan minor team in the Ulster final against Armagh. Smith scored a point in the 0–12 to 1–6 victory. He joined the county Under-21 team in 2013. On 10 April, Smith lined out at wing forward in the Ulster Final against Donegal. Smith scored two points in the 0–13 to 1–6 win. On 20 April, Smith played in the All-Ireland semi-final against Cork, where Cavan suffered a one-point defeat.
On 9 April 2014, Cavan were in the Ulster Final again, and once again faced Donegal. A 2–6 to 0–8 win gave Smith his second Under-21 Championship. On 19 April, Smith played in defence as Cavan controversially lost the All-Ireland semi-final to eventual winners Dublin. On 18 March 2015, Smith's underage career with Cavan came to an end with defeat to Donegal in the first round.

#### Senior

Smith joined the senior squad in 2016. On 29 May 2016, he made his championship debut as a substitute in an Ulster championship win over Armagh. On 5 February 2017, he scored two points in his National League debut, a loss to All-Ireland champions Dublin.
On 23 June 2019, Smith started in the Ulster Final as Cavan faced Donegal, with Cavan falling to a five-point defeat. On 22 November 2020, Cavan met Donegal in the Ulster Final for the second year in a row. Smith scored a point as Cavan stunned Donegal to win their first Ulster title since 1997. On 5 December, Smith started the All-Ireland semi-final loss to Dublin. Smith was nominated for an All-Star award for the first time at the end of the season.
On 2 April 2022, Smith was in the half-back line as Cavan faced Tipperary in the National League Division 4 final at Croke Park. Cavan were winners on a 2–10 to 0-15 scoreline. On 9 July, Smith started Tailteann Cup final against Westmeath, scoring three points in the four-point loss. At the end of the season, Smith was named on the Tailteann Cup Team of the Year.

## Honours

Cavan
* Ulster Senior Football Championship (1): 2020
* National Football League Division 4 (1): 2022
* Ulster Under-21 Football Championship (2): 2013, 2014
* Ulster Minor Football Championship (1): 2011
Individual
* Tailteann Cup Team of the Year (1): 2022
* Irish News Ulster All-Star (1): 2020
# Milagros

Milagros ("miracles" in Spanish) may refer to:

## Places

* Milagros, Masbate, Philippines, a first-class municipality
* Milagros, Province of Burgos, a municipality in Castile and León, Spain

## People

* Milagros (given name)
* Fernando Milagros (born 1980), Chilean pop rock singer and songwriter

## Arts and entertainment

* Milagros (film), a 1997 film
* Milagros (telenovela), a 2001 Peruvian telenovela
* Milagros: Girl from Away, a 2008 book by Meg Medina
* Milagros, a 2001 studio album by American singer Myra
# Tutusius

Tutusius is a genus of extinct tetrapod from the Devonian of South Africa, containing a single species, Tutusius umlambo. It was described from the +/- 360 myo Gondwana locality of Waterloo Farm lagerstätte on the south-eastern coast of South Africa, which at the time was located within the Antarctic Circle. Together with the find of Umzantsia amazana from the same locality, this provides the first evidence that Devonian tetrapods were not restricted to the tropics as was formerly believed, and suggests that they may have been global in distribution. Waterloo Farm fossils have been metamorphosed and intensely flattened, with the bone tissue replaced by secondary metamorphic mica that is partially altered to kaolinite and chlorite during uplift. They also provide the first evidence of Devonian tetrapods from the continent of Africa, and only the second and third such taxa from Gondwana.

## Taxonomy

Tutusius umlambo is known from a single cleithrum (a bone of the shoulder girdle) discovered at the Waterloo Farm lagerstätte, South Africa. It was described in 2018 by palaeontologists Robert Gess and Per Erik Ahlberg in 2018. The generic name is in honour of Archbishop Desmond Tutu, in recognition of his contribution to the political and social development of South Africa. The specific name is from isiXhosa “umlambo”, meaning “river”, referring to the depositional environment. The lagerstätte dates to the Late Devonian roughly 360 million years ago.
Tutusius, along with Umzantsia from the same lagerstätte, are the first evidence of Devonian tetrapods beyond 30° in latitude from the equator and on the supercontinent Gondwana (except for a single body fossil and footprint from what is now Australia). The lagerstätte would have been in the south polar region, and the two genera demonstrate early tetrapods were not restricted to the warm tropics. They also make it possible that the transition from fish to tetrapod occurred at the poles instead of the tropics.

## Description

Tutusius is represented by a single bone from the shoulder girdle, the cleithrum. It tapers to a point anteroventrally and carries a single attachment scar for the scapulocoracoid, which extends along the anteroventral process, forms a v-shaped dorsal peak, and ends posteriorly in a projecting buttress. The cleithrum lacks ornament and has a distinct flexure point delineating the obliquely sloping ventral half of the bone from the more vertical dorsal half. The blade of the cleithrum is broad and thin. It differs from all other tetrapod cleithra in the presence of a projecting posterior flange with striated texture and a jagged margin, on the middle part of the blade.
# Tweespruit

Tweespruit is a small dairy farming town in the Free State province of South Africa. The town lies 27 km east of Thaba Nchu and 47 km north of Hobhouse.

## History

Afrikaans for "two creeks", the name refers to the town’s location at the confluence of two small rivers.
The town started as an experimental farm set up on an old British Boer War settlement which was between two creeks, hence the name.

## Notable people from Tweespruit

* Father Frans Claerhout, artist and priest at Tweespruit mission station.
* Michael Anthony (Pez) Parsonson, SAAF fighter pilot.
# Tweddle v Atkinson

Tweddle v Atkinson [1861] EWHC J57 (QB), (1861) 1 B&S 393 is an English contract law case concerning the principle of privity of contract and consideration. Its panel of appeal judges reinforced that the doctrine of privity meant that only those who are party to an agreement (outside of one of the well-established exceptional relationships such as agency, bailment or trusteeship) may sue or be sued on it and established the principle that "consideration must flow from the promisee".

## Facts

John Tweddle and William Guy mutually agreed in writing to pay sums of money (£100 and £200, respectively) to Tweddle's son William (who was engaged to Guy's daughter). Guy then died before payment. John Tweddle died before he could sue for the money from Guys estate. When the estate would not pay, William Tweddle then sued Mr Atkinson, the executor of Guy's estate, for the promised £200.

## Judgment

The court held that the suit would not succeed as no stranger to the consideration may enforce a contract, although made for his benefit. The court ruled that a promisee cannot bring an action unless the consideration of the promisee moved to him. Consideration must move from party entitled to sue upon the contract. No legal entitlement is conferred on third parties to an agreement. Third parties to a contract do not derive any rights from that agreement nor are they subject to any burdens imposed by it. It was left unanswered if the groom's father could have successfully sued the estate instead.

## Critique

The case's summary of the doctrine of privity in the common law was upheld in Dunlop v Selfridge (1915) and Beswick v Beswick (1967), but it was frequently criticised for obstructing the wishes of the contracting parties. The two fathers intended that the sums should be paid to the groom, and their wishes were defeated. (Note that this case preceded the Married Women's Property Act 1882, which enabled married women to retain their property.) In the 1930s the Law Reform Committee proposed amendment of the doctrine but World War II intervened and nothing was done. Earlier in Beswick v Beswick, Master of the Rolls Lord Denning construed the Law of Property Act 1925 to try to overthrow the doctrine, but on appeal, the House of Lords Judicial Committee, the court of final appeal, criticised his extreme literal interpretation and declared the doctrine intact. Many legal devices exist to circumvent the doctrines (such as the use of negotiable instruments), the greatest being the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 which allows, in general, a beneficiary or an identified third party to enforce terms to its benefit in a contract made by others.
# Mile Starčević (politician, born 1904)

Mile Starčević (15 September 1904 – 9 March 1953) was a politician born in Gospić, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary. He studied philosophy, graduating and attaining a PhD from the University of Zagreb in 1932. During the study, he was convicted and imprisoned for opposing the regime in 1930. In late 1930s, Starčević was the administrator of the Zagreb City Library and the economic secretary of the Matica hrvatska, and a member of the Croatian Federalist Peasant Party [hr] (a splinter group from the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS)). After the April 1941 Invasion of Yugoslavia during the World War II and establishment of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) as a puppet state collaborating with the occupying Axis powers, Starčević became the general secretary of Matica hrvatska in August 1941 and a head of a department of the Ministry of Education in February 1942. He became the minister of the same ministry in October 1942, and held the position for a year – resigning the post after Nikola Mandić became the prime minister. In 1943, acting on instructions of the NDH leader Ante Pavelić, Starčević unsuccessfully negotiated with representatives of the HSS aimed at gaining the party's political support for Pavelić's regime. In 1945, after the defeat of the NDH, Starčević fled to Austria and then Italy where he remained in a refugee camp until 1947 before moving to Argentina.
# Twelfth Avenue (disambiguation)

Twelfth Avenue is a short portion of the West Side Highway in Manhattan.
Twelfth Avenue could also refer to:
* 13th Avenue (Borough Park), the commercial center of Borough Park, Brooklyn
* 12th Avenue South Bridge, a permanent steel bridges in Seattle.
* Clinton Street/Southeast 12th Avenue station, a train station in Portland, Oregon.
* Washington/Southeast 12th Avenue station, a train station in Hillsboro, Oregon.
* Judah and 12th Avenue station, a train station in San Francisco, California.
# Tynelia

Tynelia is a genus of treehopper belonging to the family Membracidae. It has 10 described species.

## Species

Catalogue of Life lists the following:
* Tynelia cerulea
* Tynelia cinctata
* Tynelia flavodorsata
* Tynelia globosa
* Tynelia hirsuta
* Tynelia longula
* Tynelia nigra
* Tynelia nitida
* Tynelia prominens
* Tynelia pubescens
# Mineral industry of Mauritius

he mineral industry of Mauritius is small; the country does not play a significant role in the world's production or consumption of minerals. As of 2006, Mauritius produced basalt for construction, fertilizers, lime from coral, semi-manufactured steel, and solar-evaporate sea salt. Local companies also cut imported diamond.
As of 2006, imports of mineral fuels accounted for 17% of total imports; iron and steel, 2%; and cement, 1%. In March 2006, concerns about import reliance and rising petroleum prices led the Government to sign an agreement with ONGC Videsh Ltd. of India for offshore petroleum exploration.
In 2006, the production of sand increased by 52%; semi-manufactured steel, by 2%; and fertilizers, by 1%. The reported value of sand production amounted to about $1 million.
Aggregates are produced by Gamma Civic Ltd. and United Basalt Products Ltd.; fertilizers, by Mauritius Chemical and Fertilizer Industry; salt, by Mont Calme; and semi-manufactured steel, by Consolidated Steel. These companies are privately owned.
# Gertrude Njuba

Gertrude Njuba is a Ugandan politician who was a key figure in the National Resistance Army (NRA) during the Ugandan Bush War where she held the rank of Captain and was known for her bravery and leadership on the battlefield. She later served in various positions in the National Resistance Movement (NRM) government, including as a member of parliament and presidential advisor. She has received several national medals of honor for her service to Uganda including the Order of the Nile, the Order of the Pearl of Africa, and the Golden Jubilee Medals.

## Early life

She was born on 26 November 1944 in Hoima to Bishop Yokana Mukasa and Norah Nakanywa Mukasa. She attended Duhanga Girls' School and Makerere College School. She married Sam Kalega Njuba on 14 September 1964.

## Career

In 1981, she joined the NRA bush war and was one of the first women to undergo military training to serve in the liberation struggle. She has served as Chairperson on the Lake Victoria Free Trade Zone Governing council, Presidential advisor on Political Matters and State House director on Land Matters. After the NRA bush war ended, she served as Deputy Minister for Industry in Yoweri Kaguta Museveni's 1986 cabinet.
In September 2016, she was noted to have been vocal in encouraging Ugandans to stream onto streets in Kampala and demonstrate against the 10th Parliament's lavish spending on cars and funerals. She was however against the dropping of piglets within the corridors of the Ugandan parliament by the Jobless Brotherhood youths.
In 2020, Gertrude who was then serving a presidential advisor is alleged to have connived with Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development officials to continue mining in Mubende district, an area where the government evicted illegal miners.
# Gertrude Powicke

Gertrude Powicke (19 December 1887 – 20 December 1919) was a teacher and relief worker. She was one of the first women graduates of Manchester University. She was a suffrage campaigner and worked with the Friends War Victims Relief Committee (FWVRC) in France during the First World War.

## Life

Gertrude Mary Powicke was born on 19 December 1887 in Hatherlow, near Stockport, UK. She was educated in Milton Mount College in Gravesend, Kent. She was one of the early women graduates from the Victoria University of Manchester, gaining a degree in Modern Languages in 1911. She then worked as a teacher at the Manchester High School for Girls. She became a suffrage campaigner with the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) and was the co-founder and treasurer of the Romiley branch of the North of England Women's Suffrage Society. During the First World War, she volunteered to work with the Quaker nurses of the Friends War Victims Relief Committee (FWVRC) in Bar-le-Duc, France. She travelled with the FWVRC to Poland in 1919 to treat a typhus outbreak and contracted the disease herself during a hospital tour. She died of typhus in Warsaw, Poland, on 20 December 1919. Her death was not officially recognised by the British government or the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Powicke is buried in Warsaw's Evangelical-Reformed cemetery and she also has an inscription on the Powicke family grave in Hatherlow churchyard.

## Awards and memorials

Powicke is the only woman honoured on the University of Manchester's war memorial behind Whitworth Hall. She is the only woman named on any war memorial in Stockport via a plaque on the Heaton Moor war memorial. She is also one of the four local women for whom Suffragette Square in Stockport was named by Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council on International Women's Day in 2018 (the others being Elizabeth Raffald, Elsie Plant and Hannah Winbolt).
# Milton M. Leven

Milton Maxwell Leven (8 June 1911 — 22 April 1979) was an American engineer. He was an engineering and manager of Experimental Mechanics at Westinghouse Research Laboratories and held numerous service roles in the Society for Experimental Stress Analysis (SESA) (now Society for Experimental Mechanics) including as the President of the society from 1956 to 1957. He was born to Jacob Leven and Anna J Leven (born Walters) of Russian descent in Pennsylvania. He went by Milt.

## Education

Leven attended Carnegie Mellon University receiving a BS in electrical engineering in 1935 and MS in mechanics in 1940. While at Carnegie Mellon University he was an early, and one of the best, students of Max M. Froct.

## Research and career

After completing his MS at Carnegie Mellon University Leven continued on as an instructor and research assistant until 1942 when he joined the US Navy during World War II. Leven joined Westinghouse Research Laboratories in Pittsburgh, PA in 1946 where he was well known for leading a laboratory utilizing photoelastic stress analysis. He employed three dimensional photoelasticity for the development of nuclear reactor vessels and turbo-machinery components. He was promoted to fellow engineer 1954, advisory engineer in 1966 and to manager of experimental mechanics in 1967 until his retirement in 1977. He was the President of the Society for Experimental Stress Analysis (SESA) (now Society for Experimental Mechanics) from 1956 to 1957. He gave the SESA William M. Murray Lecture in 1972 . He was named the sixth Honorary Member of the Society in 1969, a position held until his death in 1979. When SESA introduced the rank of Fellow, Leven was among the first class of SESA Fellows in 1975 along with the seven other living Honorary Members of the society.

## Awards and recognition

* Society for Experimental Mechanics Murray Lecture and Award (1952)
* Society for Experimental Mechanics Honorary Member (1968 to 1990)
* Society for Experimental Mechanics Tatnall Award (1972)
* Society for Experimental Mechanics Fellow (1975)
* Society for Experimental Mechanics Lazan Award (1979)