OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phaceloolithus

Phaceloolithus is an oogenus of dinosaur egg found in the Fenshui'ao Formation of the Dongting Basin of the Hunan Province of China. The eggs have a subspherical shape, measuring up to 168 mm on the long axis, and having a very thin shell.

## Distribution

Phaceloolithus is found at the Dongting Basin in Hunan. They are dated, on the basis of other fossil eggs, ostracods (seed shrimp), and charophytes (algae) found at the same site, to the late Cretaceous.

## Description

Phaceloolithus is nearly spherical, measuring 167–168 mm long and 140–150 mm across. The eggshell is very thin, measuring from 0.5 to 0.7 mm thick. Like most other non-avian dinosaur eggs, Phaceloolithus's shell is stratified into two layers: the prismatic layer on the outside, and the mammillary layer on the inside. The mammillae are compressed into groups of two or three, and the pore canals are well-developed.

## History

Phaceloolithus was first described as the sole species of the oofamily Phaceloolithidae in 1979 by Chinese paleontologists Zeng Demin and Zhang Jinjian, following its discovery in the Dongting basin of Hunan.

## Parataxonomy

While Phaceloolithus has always been considered an oospecies of Phaceloolithidae, there is dispute about whether or not this oofamily is synonymous with the later-named Dendroolithidae. The oofamilies were first synonymized by Fang et al. in 2003. This position was supported by Ribeiro et al. in 2014, but other authors have considered the two oofamilies distinct, and in his master's thesis, Daniel Barta argued against synonymy because the brevity of the description of Phaceloolithidae makes any further referrals to that oofamily uncertain. If the synonymy is correct, then Phaceloolithus would be a sister taxon to Dendroolithus and Paradendroolithus. If not, then Phaceloolithus would be the sole oogenus of Phaceloolithus.
# Sottorealism

The term Sottorealism (sotto Italian for “beneath” or “under” and the Latin realis “concerning the thing;” res “thing, object”) describes an approach in contemporary aesthetics. It has been developed concerning painting, but also applies to photography

## History

The American art historian Carol Strickland (born 1946) coined the term Sottorealism in an essay titled “Detour as a Route to Unity and Order” (2006). In the essay, she was concerned with the artwork of the German-Greek painter Aris Kalaizis. While approaching his work, Strickland discovered a hermeneutical void between realism and surrealism, which she filled with neologism.

## Concept

Instead of painting a surreal universe, the Sottorealist is interested in crawling beneath the surface of reality. While the world of the dream isn't a creative act, and while no photographic device is able to fully mediate that which is beyond reality, the Sottorealist acknowledges that which is given in reality. In doing so, the Sottorealist, however, also acknowledges that unseen forces are active in our perception of reality, such as memory or cultural frameworks or metaphysical. By making these numinous realities present in his work, he creates a convergence of the seen and unseen.
The idea is to go beyond the appearance of things and to uncover substructures that are beyond the empirical reality. Sottorealists approach these second or third orders of reality by constructing elaborate models. These models could be viewed as experiments that are necessary to sound out the full scope of that which is part of reality, even though it is not an apparent and visible part of it.

## Process

Building models of that which are to be painted is an essential part of the process. These models can be erected in public spaces or an atelier. They offer an opportunity to probe that which the artist feels to have unearthed from beneath the surface of reality. These models can also range in complexity, be very elaborate or very simple. Photographic images taken while this model is set up, aid the artist during the final realization of the painting. Aris Kalaizis was the first painter who made use of this concept when preparing his paintings.

## Proponents

Prominent Sottorealists are the Canadian photographer Jeff Wall, the Finnish photographer Ilkka Halso, as well as the American Gregory Crewdson.

## Literature

* Carol Strickland, Detour as a Route to Unity and Order, in: Rubbacord, Bielefeld 2006 S. 9–13.
* Paul-Henri Campbell (ed.), Sottorealism, Petersberg 2013.
# Ergü, Kemaliye

Ergü is a village in the Kemaliye District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. Its population is 50 (2022).
# Gao Di

Gao Di may refer to:
* Emperor Gaozu of Han, also known as Emperor Gao or Gao Di
* Emperor Gao of Southern Qi (齊高帝), or Gao Di of Southern Qi
* Gao Di (politician) (高狄; born 1927), Communist Party chief of Jilin Province
* Gao Di (footballer) (高迪; born 1990), Chinese footballer
# Mohamed Salem

Mohamed Salem may refer to:
* Mohamed Salem (footballer, born 1940) (1940–2008), Algerian footballer
* Mohamed Salem (footballer, born 1994), Egyptian footballer
* Mohamed Salem (wrestler) (born 1944), Egyptian Olympic wrestler
* Mohamed Ben Salem (born 1953), Tunisian politician
* Mohamed Abd-el-Kader Salem, Egyptian academic and politician
* Mohamed Salem Al-Tunaiji (born 1969), Emirati middle-distance runner
# Janet Johnson (Egyptologist)

Janet Helen Johnson (born December 24, 1944) is an American Egyptologist and academic, specializing in Egyptian language and the Late Period of ancient Egypt. Since 2003, she has been Morton D. Hull Distinguished Service Professor of Egyptology at the University of Chicago. She was Director of Chicago's Oriental Institute from 1983 to 1989.
Johnson studied at the University of Chicago, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1967 and a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1972. She has spent almost all of her academic career at the University of Chicago: she was appointed assistant professor in 1972, promoted to associate professor in 1979 and to professor in 1981. She has also been a research associate at the Field Museum of Natural History, holding the position from 1980 to 1984 and from 1994 to 1999.

## Honors

Johnson was awarded a Festschrift in 2018: it was titled "Essays for the Library of Seshat: Studies Presented to Janet H. Johnson on the Occasion of Her 70th Birthday" and was edited by Robert K. Ritner.

## Selected works

* Johnson, Janet H. (1986). Thus wrote ꜥOnchsheshonqy: an introductory grammar of Demotic (1st ed.). Chicago, Il: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN 978-0918986498.
* Whitcomb, Donald S.; Johnson, Janet H. (1982). Quseir al-Qadim 1980: preliminary report. Malibu: Undena Publications. ISBN 978-0890031124.
* Johnson, Janet H. (1991). Thus wrote ꜥOnchsheshonqy: an introductory grammar of Demotic (2nd ed.). Chicago, Il: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN 978-0918986764.
* Johnson, Janet H., ed. (1992). Life in a multi-cultural society: Egypt from Cambyses to Constantine and beyond. Chicago, Il: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN 978-0918986849.
* Johnson, Janet H. (2004). The Demotic Verbal System (2nd ed.). Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN 978-0918986023.
* Teeter, Emily; Johnson, Janet H., eds. (2009). The life of Meresamun: a temple singer in ancient Egypt. Chicago, Il: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN 978-1885923608.
# Peasants' Union

Peasants' Union or Peasant Union may refer to:
* Peasant Union (Lithuania) (1905–1922), political party in Lithuania
* Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union (1922–1936), political party in Lithuania
* Peasant Union of Slovenia, former name of Slovenian People's Party, a political party in Slovenia
* International Peasants' Union, international organization
# Jandro

Jandro is a short form of the Spanish given name Alejandro. It may refer to:
* Jandro (footballer, born 1979), Spanish football attacking midfielder
* Jandro (footballer, born 2001), Spanish football midfielder
* Jandro Orellana (born 2000), Spanish football midfielder
# Pavle Šafarik

Pavle Šafarik (Serbian Cyrillic: Павле Шафарик; 15 April 1846 – fl. 1873) was a Serbian military officer, an artillery officer in the Serbian Army, and publisher. Born on 15 April 1846 in Belgrade, Principality of Serbia, Pavle was the son of the academic Janko Šafarik (1814–1876). After finishing primary school and seven grades of gymnasium, he enrolled in the Military Academy in Belgrade in 1861. In 1871–72, he joined the Serb revolutionary organization known as the Main Board for Serb Liberation, based in Kragujevac. At that time, he was an officer at the artillery administration. In March 1873, he co-founded the Kragujevac Social Press.
# Paykullia maculata

Paykullia maculata is a species of fly in the subfamily Rhinophorinae first described by Carl Fredrik Fallén in 1815.

## Distribution

This species can be found in most of Europe (Austria, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Spain, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands) Habitats include wetlands, woodlands, parks and gardens.

## Description

Paykullia maculata can reach a length of 5–6 millimetres (0.20–0.24 in). The adults of this species are very variable, especially in size and in the pattern of wing markings. These small flies have a shining black body with bristly hair. The apical half of the wings show darkened veins and costal area.

## Biology

Adults can be seen from May to September, with several generations. Usually they rest or run around on stones or among the foliage. The larvae are intestinal parasites of Porcellio scaber and Oniscus asellus, and woodlice from Protracheoniscus and Trachelipus genera.
# Peggy Moreland

Peggy Morse, née Bozeman (born in Texas, United States) well known as Peggy Moreland is a USA Today and Waldenbooks bestselling American writer of over 40 romance novels since 1989. She also signed a novel with her married name Peggy Morse.

## Biography

Peggy Bozeman was born Taurus in Texas, United States. She grew up with her two sisters in a farm. Her father died when she was in high school, leaving her mother to raise her three daughters alone.
Peggy received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from Stephen F. Austin State University, with a minor in English. She worked on her master's degree in writing at the University of Central Oklahoma. She co-wrote the story of the Edmond post office shooting for Norman Vincent Peale's Guideposts magazine. Later, in 1987 she began to write romantic novels, and she was published in 1989.
Peggy married a Texan green beret. They have three children and live on a ranch in the Texas Hill Country, near her parents farm. There, she has cattle, goats and other critters, including her owner of a registered quarter horse. 1997 she fulfilled a lifelong dream by competing in her first rodeo and brought home two silver championship buckles, one for Champion Barrel Racer, and a second for All-Around Cowgirl.
# Japanese destroyer Uzuki

Two destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy were named Uzuki:
* Japanese destroyer Uzuki (1906), a Kamikaze-class destroyer launched in 1906 and stricken in 1925
* Japanese destroyer Uzuki (1925), a Mutsuki-class destroyer launched in 1925 and sunk in 1944
# Pehong Chen

Pehong Chen (Chinese: 陳丕宏; born 1957) is a Taiwanese-American businessman who co-founded Gain Technology with his Ph.D. advisor Michael A. Harrison and went on to found BroadVision. He is chairman, president and chief executive officer of BroadVision. Bloomberg Businessweek included Chen in a list of the "World's Most Successful Immigrants."
Chen was born in Taiwan in 1957 and earned a Ph.D in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley.
He founded BroadVision in 1993, an e-commerce company that helped companies create storefronts on the web. During the Internet technology heyday of the late 1990s, Businessweek described his efforts at BroadVision as doing for "electronic commerce what McDonald's Corp.'s Ray Kroc was to hamburgers."

## Awards

- 1999 EY Entrepreneur of the Year Award Recipient, Northern California Region
# Jane Wiseman

Jane Holt (née Wiseman; March 1673 – after 1717) was a British poet and playwright, notable for being the first self-educated labouring-class woman to have a play professionally produced in London.
Wiseman was possibly born in Holborn. She seems to have been from a modest labouring-class background and self-taught and she worked as a servant, but very little else is known about her. Her one play, Antiochus the Great, or, The Fatal Relapse, was successfully produced at the New Theatre, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in 1701, and revived as late as 1721. It was one of forty or so plays by women produced in London between 1695 and 1723, and is notable for its emphasis on female friendship. She was part of a literary group with Susannah Centlivre, with whom she was friends, as well as George Farquhar, Abel Boyer, Ned Ward, and Tom Brown.
She is thought to have been the "Mrs Holt" whose collection of occasional and friendship poems, A Fairy Tale Inscrib'd, to the Honourable Mrs. W—, with other Poems, was published in 1717.
Wiseman took the proceeds from her success with Antiochus the Great and bought a tavern in Westminster for herself and her husband.

## Etexts

* Wiseman, Jane. Antiochus the Great, or, The Fatal Relapse (1701). Rpt. in Love and thunder: plays by women in the age of Queen Anne Ed. and Intro. Kendall. London: Methuen, 1988, pp. 113–153. (Free with registration at the Internet Archive)
# Japan Cycling Federation

The Japan Cycling Federation (in Japanese: 日本自転車競技連盟), abbreviated to JCF is the national governing body of cycle racing in Japan. It was established in 1995 to cover both amateur and professional cycle racing.
It is a member of the UCI and the Asian Cycling Confederation.

## History

* 1908 - Japan's first cycling umbrella organization, the "Tokyo Wheel Association" was established.
* 1931 - The first full cycling championships (the Amateur Cycling Championships) was held in Osaka.
* 1934 - Umbrella organization for amateur sport, "Japan Cycle Sports Federation" was established.
* 1936 - Became UCI member, renamed "Japanese Bicycle Federation".
* 1943 - Bicycle Federation absorbed into "Japan Olympic Committee Bicycle Committee".
* 1945 - Japanese Bicycle Federation reformed.
* 1948 - Racing started.
* 1949 - Japanese Bicycle Federation renamed to "Japan Cycling Federation" (JKR), and re-joins UCI. Japan Amateur Sports Association rules will not be responsible for the Pro League.
* 1957 - Japanese Cycling Federation (FJC: Federation Japonaise du Cyclisme) was established. UCI member. The traditional Japanese Cycling Federation reorganised into "Japanese Amateur Cycling Federation" (JACF). "Japan Professional Cycling Federation" (JPCF) founded. Both groups part of FJC. Cycling World Championships hosted.
* 1965 - Following International Olympic Committee (IOC) recommendations, UCI umbrella "International Amateur Cycling Federation (FIAC)" and "International Professional Cycling Federation (FICP)" were established. The Japanese amateur and professional cycling federations affiliated themselves respectively. FJC took the role of representation to other international organizations.
* 1975 - Japanese Amateur Cycling Federation separated.
* 1988 - FJC dissolved.
* 1992 - FIAC/FICP remerged into UCI.
* 1995 - Japanese Amateur Cycling Federation and Japanese Professional Cycling Federation merge, "Japan Cycling Federation" (JCF) launched.
* 1996 - World Masters Championships hosted.
* 1998 - First Japanese National Cycling Championships held (Japan's national open championship).

## Races

JCF organizes following cycling events every year, including:
* Japanese National Road Race Championships
* Japanese National Time Trial Championships
* Inter-Prefectural Cycling Championships
* Japan Proferssional Track Cycling Championship
* Inter-High School Cycling Championships
* Japanese Cycling National Junior and Youth Track Championships
* Japan Track Cup
# Penge og Privatøkonomi

Penge og Privatøkonomi (Danish: Money and Personal Finance) is a Danish language monthly business and finance magazine published in Copenhagen, Denmark. It has been in circulation since 1977.

## History and profile

Penge og Privatøkonomi was established in 1977. The magazine was started and published by the House of Børsen eleven times per year.
The magazine is part of the Bonnier Group and is published on a monthly basis by Benjamin Media A/S, a subsidiary of the Bonnier Publications.
Penge og Privatøkonomi has its headquarters in Copenhagen. The magazine features articles on stocks, companies and investments. It offers extensive information on personal investment to guide its readers.
Søren Verup served as the editor-in-chief of Penge og Privatøkonomi. As of 2015 Søren Nielsen was the editor-in-chief. In August 2011 the logo and format of the magazine was redesigned.

## Circulation

Penge og Privatøkonomi sold nearly 28,000 copies in 1997. Its circulation was 27,818 copies in 2010 and 26,915 copies in 2011. It was 21,008 in the first half of 2012 and 21,079 copies in 2012.
# Jari Rouvinen

Jari Rouvinen is a Finnish male curler and curling coach.
At the national level, he is a four-time Finnish men's champion curler (2003, 2007, 2008, 2015) and two-time Finnish junior champion curler (2001, 2002).
He started curling in 2001.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 2000–01 | Tuomas Vuori | Jani Sullanmaa | Jari Rouvinen | Tero Salo | Jarmo Kalilainen | | FJCC 2001 |
| 2001–02 | Tuomas Vuori | Tero Salo | Jani Sullanmaa | Jarmo Kalilainen | Jari Rouvinen | | WJBCC 2002 (6th) |
| 2001–02 | Tuomas Vuori | Jani Sullanmaa | Jari Rouvinen | Tero Salo | Jarmo Kalilainen | | FJCC 2002 |
| 2002–03 | Tuomas Vuori | Jani Sullanmaa | Jari Rouvinen | Jarmo Kalilainen | Tero Salo | Juhani Heinonen (WJCC) | WJBCC 2003 WJCC 2003 (9th) |
| 2002–03 | Wille Mäkelä | Tuomas Vuori | Jani Sullanmaa | Tero Salo | Jari Rouvinen, Jarmo Kalilainen | | FMCC 2003 |
| 2003–04 | Wille Mäkelä | Tuomas Vuori | Jani Sullanmaa | Jari Rouvinen | Jarmo Kalilainen | | ECC 2003 (9th) |
| 2004–05 | Tuomas Vuori | Paavo Kuosmanen | Jari Rouvinen | Jani Sullanmaa | Tero Salo, Tommi Rouvinen | | FMCC 2005 |
| 2005–06 | Tuomas Vuori | Paavo Kuosmanen | Jari Rouvinen | Jere Sullanmaa | Tommi Rouvinen | | FMCC 2006 |
| 2005–06 | Kalle Kiiskinen (fourth) | Markku Uusipaavalniemi (skip) | Jani Sullanmaa | Teemu Salo | Jari Rouvinen | | WCC 2006 (5th) |
| 2006–07 | Markku Uusipaavalniemi | Kalle Kiiskinen | Jani Sullanmaa | Teemu Salo | Jari Rouvinen (all) Tuomas Vuori (FMCC) | | ECC 2006 (6th) FMCC 2007 WCC 2007 (6th) |
| 2007–08 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Jani Sullanmaa | Teemu Salo | Jari Rouvinen | Wille Mäkelä | Tuomas Vuori | ECC 2007 (6th) |
| 2007–08 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Teemu Salo | Jari Rouvinen | Jani Sullanmaa | Tuomas Vuori, Juha Pekaristo | | FMCC 2008 |
| 2008–09 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Jani Sullanmaa | Teemu Salo | Jari Rouvinen | Juha Pekaristo | Paavo Kuosmanen | ECC 2008 (11th) |
| 2008–09 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Teemu Salo | Juha Pekaristo | Jani Sullanmaa | Jari Rouvinen | | FMCC 2009 |
| 2008–09 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Teemu Salo | Jani Sullanmaa | Jari Rouvinen | Juha Pekaristo | Paavo Kuosmanen | WCC 2009 (12th) |
| 2010–11 | Jani Sullanmaa | Iiro Sipola | Jari Rouvinen | Oskar Ainola | Roni Pakkala | | FMCC 2011 (6th) |
| 2011–12 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Paavo Kuosmanen | Perttu Piilo | Juha Pekaristo | Teemu Salo, Jari Rouvinen | | FMCC 2012 (5th) |
| 2014–15 | Kalle Kiiskinen | Paavo Kuosmanen | Wille Mäkelä | Teemu Salo | Juha Pekaristo, Jari Rouvinen | | FMCC 2015 |

## Record as a coach of national teams

| Year | Tournament, event | National team | Place |
| 2010 | 2010 European Curling Championships | Finland (men) | 15 |
# Pennapoda

Pennapoda is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Pennapoda phasiana (Townsend, 1897)

## Distribution

Mexico.
# Japanese submarine Ha-111

Ha-111 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Ha-101-class submarine. Converted during construction into a submarine tender for midget submarines, she was completed and commissioned in July 1945, only a few weeks before the end of World War II, the last Ha-101-class submarine to be completed. She surrendered at the end of the war in September 1945, and was scuttled in April 1946.

## Design and description

The Ha-101-class submarines were designed as small, cheap transport submarines to resupply isolated island garrisons. They displaced 436 metric tons (429 long tons) surfaced and 501 metric tons (493 long tons) submerged. The submarines were 44.5 meters (146 ft 0 in) long, had a beam of 6.1 meters (20 ft 0 in) and a draft of 4.04 meters (13 ft 3 in). They were designed to carry 60 metric tons (59 long tons) of cargo.
For surface running, the boats were powered by a single 400-brake-horsepower (298 kW) diesel engine that drove one propeller shaft. When submerged the propeller was driven by a 140-horsepower (104 kW) electric motor. They could reach 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) on the surface and 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) underwater. On the surface, the Ha-101s had a range of 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph); submerged, they had a range of 46 nmi (85 km; 53 mi) at 2.3 knots (4.3 km/h; 2.6 mph). The boats were armed a single mount for a 25 mm (1 in) Type 96 anti-aircraft gun.

## Construction and commissioning

Ha-111 was laid down on 6 November 1944 by Mitsubishi at Kobe, Japan, as Small Supply Submarine No. 4611. Renamed Ha-111, she was launched in 1945. During construction, she underwent conversion to a submarine tender for midget submarines, the conversion involving modifying her cargo hold to accommodate ten 450-millimeter (17.7 in) torpedoes for midget submarines. She was completed and commissioned on 13 July 1945.

## Service history

Upon commissioning, Ha-111 was assigned to the 10th Special Attack Unit. Hostilities between Japan and the Allies ended on 15 August 1945. and she surrendered to the Allies at Saeki on 2 September 1945.
On 2 November 1945, Ha-109 was reassigned to Japanese Submarine Division Two under United States Navy command along with her sister ships Ha-103, Ha-105, Ha-106, Ha-107, Ha-108, and Ha-109. In November 1945, the U.S. Navy ordered Ha-111 to move to Sasebo, Japan.

## Disposal

The Japanese struck Ha-111 from the Navy list on 30 November 1945. She was among a number of Japanese submarines the U.S. Navy scuttled off the Goto Islands near Sasebo in Operation Road's End on 1 April 1946, sinking just beyond the 100-fathom (600 ft; 183 m) line at 32°37′N 129°17′E﻿ / ﻿32.617°N 129.283°E﻿ / 32.617; 129.283﻿ (Ha-111).
# Japanese escort ship CD-40

CD-40 or No. 40 was a Type D escort ship of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II and later the Republic of China Navy.

## History

She was laid down on 20 March 1944 at the Osaka shipyard of Fujinagata Shipbuilding for the benefit of the Imperial Japanese Navy and launched on 15 November 1944. On 22 December 1944, she was completed and commissioned. On 1 February 1945, she was assigned to the First Escort Fleet and then reassigned on 10 July 1945 to the 105th Escort Squadron. On 15 August 1945, Japan announced their unconditional surrender. On 30 November 1945, she was struck from the Navy List. On 1 December 1945, she was assigned to the Allied Occupation Force where she served as a minesweeper.
On 29 August 1947, she was ceded to the Republic of China as a war reparation and renamed Cheng An / Chan An (成安).