# Rolling stock manufacturers of Russia

This is an overview of rolling stock manufacturers of Russia, which includes historical and current information.

## History

In 1834 the Cherepanov brothers, engineers from the Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Plant, built Russia's first steam locomotive. Three years later the Tsarskoye Selo Railway, the country's first public railway, opened. In 1845, the Alexander Factory in Saint Petersburg built its first locomotives. The Kolomna Factory and Kama-Votkinsk began production in 1868. Two years later, the Malcev and Nevsky Plants began production. In 1924 the first Russian mainline diesel locomotives, the E el-2 and Shch-el 1, entered service. Two years later the first electrified suburban section of the Baku-Sabunçu railway was put into service, marking the beginning of commuter-train production. In 1932, the first electrified railway through the Surami Pass opened and the first Soviet mainline electric locomotive was put into service.
During the Great Patriotic War, production of diesel and electric locomotives was suspended; only steam locomotives were produced. After the war, some factories shifted their focus from steam to diesel and electric locomotives. In 1956, at the 20th Party Congress, it was decided to mass-produce electric and diesel locomotives and mothball steam locomotives as a strategic reserve. Two years later, imports of passenger electric locomotives from Czechoslovakia began. In 1959 the first Soviet gas turbine-electric locomotive, the model G1, was introduced. The Soviet Union's first high-speed train, the ER200, was built in 1974. Commercial operation began in 1984 on the Moscow - Leningrad railway, and was discontinued in 2009. In 2002 Transmashholding, a closed joint-stock company, was formed.

## Locomotive and multiple-unit manufacturers

Transmashholding :
| Name | Location | Founded | Types | Models |
| Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant | Novocherkassk | 1932 | Passenger and freight mainline electric locomotives, industrial electric locomotives | Passenger: EP1M, EP1P, EP20Freight: 2ES5K, 3ES5K, 2ES4K, 2ES5, E5KIndustrial: NPM2, NP1 (tractor unit) |
| Kolomna Plant | Kolomna | 1863 | Passenger and freight mainline diesel locomotives, passenger mainline electric locomotives | Passenger diesel locomotives: TEP70BS, TEP70UFreight diesel locomotive: 2TE70Passenger electric locomotive: EP2K |
| Bryansk Machine-Building Plant | Bryansk | 1873 | Freight mainline diesel locomotives, shunting diesel locomotives | Freight:2TE25AShunting: TEM18DM, TEM18V, TEM-TMH |
| Demikhovsky Machine-building Plant (DMZ) | Demikhova, Orehovo-Zuyevskii Raion, Moscow Region | 1935 | Electric trains | ED4M, ED4M 500 series, ED9E |
| Metrovagonmash | Mytishchi | 1897 | Subway cars, railcars | Subway cars: 81-717M, 81-740/741 "Rusich", 81-760/761 "Oka", 81-718/719, 81-720/721 "Yauza"Railcars: RA1 model 730, RA2 |
Other manufacturers :
| Name | Location | Founded | Parent company | Types | Models |
| Ural Locomotives | Verkhnyaya Pyshma | 2010 | Joint venture Sinara transport machines (51%) and Siemens (49%) | Freight electric locomotives, EMUs | Freight locomotives: 2ES6, 2ES10 "Granite"EMU: ES1 Lastochka ("Swallow"; platform based on Siemens Desiro) |
| Lyudinovsky Locomotive Plant | Lyudinovo | 1745 | Sinara transport machines | Shunting diesel locomotives, railcars | Shunting: TGM4B, TGM6D, TEM7A, TEM9, TEM14Railcar: AS4MU |
| Muromteplovoz | Murom | 1916 | | Shunting diesel locomotives, railcars, small locomotives, self-propelled railroad cars | Shunting: TGM23Small locomotives: MGM-1, MGM-3Railcars: AS5, AGD-1A, ARV(M)-1, ARV-1, AST-2, AGS-1ChSelf-propelled railroad car: SV-10 |
| Kambarka Engineering Works | Kambarka | 1767 | More than 50% owned by general director Alexander Biryukov, 12% managed by Udmurtian government | Narrow-gauge diesel locomotives, shunting diesel locomotives, narrow-gauge draisines, small locomotives, railcars, children's-railway locomotives, rail-testing equipment, snowplows | Narrow-gauge locomotives: TU7A, TU8Shunting: TGM40Small locomotive: MTK-1Children's locomotive: TU10 |
| Kalugaputmash | Kaluga | 1874 | Investment fund managed by TransFinGroup (96.61%) | Shunting diesel locomotives, railcar service, traction engines, railway cranes, rail-welding machines, tamping machines | Shunting: TGK2M |
| Kirov May 1 Mashzavod | Kirov | 1899 | | Track machines, railway cranes | |
| Istinsky Machine Works | Iste, Starozhilovsky District, Ryazan Oblast | 1713 | | Track machines | |
| Tulazheldormash | Tula | 1869 | | Track machines | |
| Torzhok Carriage Works | Torzhok | 1916 | | Diesel multiple units | DT1 |
Railway-wagon manufacturers :
| Name | Location | Founded | Parent company | Types |
| Tver Carriage Works | Tver | 1898 | Transmashholding | Passenger cars: one-story and double-decker cars, staff cars, commuter passenger cars, dining cars, escort cars, cars for laundry, valuables, prisoners, hospital transport and transporting spent nuclear fuel |
| RM Rail | Saransk, Moscow (headquarters), plants in Saransk, Ruzaevka and Abakan | 2013 | Basic Element | Freight cars: Tank cars for petroleum and petroleum products, viscous oil and liquefied petroleum gas; chemical and special-cargo hopper cars for cement, grain, fertilizer, granular sulfur, flat wagons, trucks, cars, railcars and containers |
| Uralwagonsawod | Nizhny Tagil | 1936 | | Freight cars: Tanks, platforms, gondolas, hoppers |
| Altaiwagon | Novoaltaysk, Rubtsovsk, Kemerovo | 1941 | Siberian Business Union | Freight cars: Boxcars, gondolas, platforms, tanks |
| Kaliningrad Carriage Works | Kaliningrad | 1946 | | Freight cars: Dump cars |
| Tikhvin Railway Car Building Plant | Tikhvin | 2011 | ICT Group | Freight cars: Hopper cars, gondolas, platforms |

## Academic and research institutions

The All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Transport (VNIIZhT), in Moscow, was founded in 1918. It has branches in Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Belorechensk, and Irkutsk. An experimental ring railroad, VNIIZhT, was commissioned in 1932. Located in Shcherbinka, it includes of research laboratories and three electrified circular lines. The experimental ring is intended to testlocomotives, multiple units, coaches, track elements and other equipment. The All-Union Scientific and Research, Planning and Design Technological Institute on Electric Locomotives Building (VELNII) is a subsidiary of Transmashholding.