OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Para-Azoxyanisole

para-Azoxyanisole (PAA) is an organic, aromatic compound. Its chemical formula is C$_{14}$H$_{14}$N$_2$O$_3$. In a solid state, it appears as a white powder, but when heated it forms a liquid crystal. As one of the first known and most readily prepared liquid crystals, PAA has played an important role in the development of liquid crystal displays.
Its liquid crystal range is from 118 °C to 136 °C. The solid to nematic transition is at 118 °C and the nematic to isotropic liquid transition at 136 °C.
# Trakai Peninsula Castle

Trakai Peninsula Castle is one of the castles in Trakai, Lithuania. It is located on a peninsula between southern Lake Galvė and Lake Luka. Built around 1350–1377 by Kęstutis, Duke of Trakai, it was an important defensive structure protecting Trakai and Vilnius, capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, against attacks of the Teutonic Knights. Much of the castle was destroyed in the 17th century. Remaining walls and towers are preserved and protected by the Trakai Historical National Park.
The castle had seven towers connected by a 10 m (33 ft) high wall. The three largest towers, measuring 15 m × 15 m (49 ft × 49 ft), protected the most vulnerable southwestern flank. A 12–14 m (39–46 ft) wide moat separated the structure from the town. The castle was attacked in 1382 and 1383 (during the civil war of 1381–1384) and in 1390 (during the civil war of 1389–1392). After the 1422 Treaty of Melno, the castle lost its significance as a defensive structure. It is known that Grand Dukes used it as a residence. Sigismund Kęstutaitis was murdered in the castle on 20 March 1440.
In the 16th century the castle was used as a prison. It was destroyed during the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) and never rebuilt. The territory was granted to a Dominican cloister in 1678 by Marcjan Aleksander Ogiński, Voivode of Trakai. It was not until the 1770s that the monks eventually built their monastery and church; these buildings are also part of the castle ensemble.
# John Ling

John de Courcy Ling CBE (14 October 1933 – 10 November 2005) was a British diplomat, farmer, politician and writer. His Roman Catholic faith contributed to making him a strong internationalist who believed in overseas aid.

## Family and personal life

Born in Warwickshire, Ling was the son of Arthur Norman Ling, of Warwick, and of Veronica de Courcy, of Painestown, County Kildare, and was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham followed by Clare College, Cambridge where he received his BA degree in 1955. Although Cambridge graduates are entitled to proceed to the degree of Master of Arts after passing nine terms, he did not collect his MA until 1981. He married the half-Canadian Jennifer Rosemary Haynes in 1959; the couple had a son (Adam) and three daughters (Julia, Tricia and Kate).

## Early career

Ling served his National Service as a second lieutenant in the Royal Ulster Rifles from 1956, and served as a lieutenant on active service in Cyprus from 1957 to 1958. On being demobilised he entered the Diplomatic Service and was the resident Deputy Middle Eastern Secretary at the Foreign Office in 1959. Following the usual Diplomatic Service practice of alternating postings in Whitehall with those in foreign embassies, he was private secretary to Ministers of State for Foreign Affairs, Lord Harlech and Joseph Godber from 1961 to 1963, and then Second Secretary at the embassy in Santiago from 1963 to 1966.

## Senior diplomatic posts

Promoted to First Secretary at the Nairobi embassy in 1966, Ling served three years before returning to the Rhodesia Department of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1969. He transferred to the American Department in 1970 and became Assistant Head of the West African Department in 1971. His final postings were as chargé d'affaires at Chad in 1973, and then as Counsellor in Paris from 1974 to 1977. During this time he also became involved in managing farms at Henley and later a farm he inherited from his mother at Painestown.

## Political involvement

Following his resignation from the Diplomatic Service, Ling entered politics as a Conservative. His experience in Paris and with the Foreign Office had made him a pro-European and he was elected as a Member of the European Parliament for Midlands Central in 1979. He served as Chief Whip for the Conservative Group for four years and chaired the EU Parliamentary Delegation to Israel from 1979 to 1983. He was vice-chairman of the Development Aid Committee from 1984 until 1987. He was defeated in the 1989 elections by Christine Oddy.
Ling had previously served as a Member of the Council of Lloyd's of London from 1986 to 1988, and continued to be a member of the Catholic Bishops' Committee on Europe (to which he had been appointed in 1983) until 2001. He wrote for publications such as The Tablet and the Sunday Times, as well as books on the decline of empire and African famine. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1990.

## Sources

* The Times: 17 November 2005
# The Political and Ecclesiastical Allegory of the First Book of the Faerie Queene

The Political and Ecclesiastical Allegory of the First Book of the Faerie Queene is a book written by Frederick Morgan Padelford to explain the allegories within the poem The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser. The book was first published in 1911 in Boston by Ginn and Company as part of a series of University of Washington publications. The book has been republished since and is widely cited in papers and books related to the study of Spenser and his works.
The book has been reviewed by the Journal of English and Germanic Philology, The Sewanee Review, and The Dial, among others.
# Pierre Charneau

Pierre Charneau /ʃɑːrˈnoʊ/ is a French virologist, inventor, and head of the Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit (VMV) at the Pasteur Institute and an acknowledged specialist in HIV, lentiviral gene transfer vectors, and their medical applications. His discovery of the central DNA-flap structure in the HIV genome, and its role in viral entry into the nucleus of the infected cell, grounded the optimization of lentiviral vectors and allowed for more than 20 years of development in gene therapy and vaccines based on this gene delivery technology. Charneau has published more than 100 research articles and holds 25 patents in the field of HIV and lentiviral vectors.

## Education

Charneau studied at the Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC) in Paris from which he holds a research doctorate in Molecular and Cellular Biology (1995). After a short time in undergraduate research at the Curie Institute, he pursued his Ph.D. thesis in Luc Montagnier’s Viral Oncology Lab at the Pasteur Institute on reverse transcription, nuclear import, and mitosis-independent integration of HIV genome.

## Career and research

Charneau's research led to the discovery and characterization of the central DNA flap structure within the HIV genome and its key function in nuclear import of the lentivirus/HIV genome in non-dividing cells. This discovery enabled the development of lentiviral vectors that can infect non-dividing cells, contrary to other types of retroviral gene transfer vectors, which can only target dividing cells. Since 2000, Charneau has led his own research group at the Pasteur Institute focusing on molecular virology and vectorology. His research has specialized in lentiviral vectors medicinal applications and his publications and patents have led to extensive developments in gene therapy, as well as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations in infectious diseases and oncology.
Charneau's development of lentiviral vectors are used in many therapeutic approaches such as those carried out by bluebird bio, CAR-T), Novartis (CAR-T), Kite (TCR), Immune Design (Cancer vaccines) and TheraVectys.

## Awards and honors

* 2004 – Award of the French Academy of Science – Prix Jean-Pierre Lecocq
* 2009 – Line Renaud Award of the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
# Anil Bonde

Dr. Anil Sukhdevrao Bonde is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He represents the Morshi Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party Bonde's victory was with the largest margin in his Amravati district.
Bonde was the sitting MLA, he was an independent MLA in 2009 to 2014.
# HMS Ascension

HMS Ascension (K502) was a Colony-class frigate of the United Kingdom that served in the Royal Navy during World War II. She originally was ordered by the United States Navy as the Tacoma-class frigate USS Hargood (PF-74) and was transferred to the Royal Navy prior to completion.

## Construction and acquisition

The ship, originally designated a "patrol gunboat," PG-182, was ordered by the United States Maritime Commission under a United States Navy contract as the first USS Hargood, a British name she carried because of her intended transfer to the United Kingdom. Reclassified as a "patrol frigate," PF-74, on 15 April 1943, she was laid down by the Walsh-Kaiser Company at Providence, Rhode Island, on 30 April 1943. The British renamed her Ascension prior to launching. She was launched on 6 August 1943, sponsored by Mrs. A. A. Kirby.

## Service history

Transferred to the United Kingdom under Lend-Lease on 24 November 1943, the ship served in the Royal Navy as HMS Ascension (K502) on patrol and escort duty. On 25 November 1944 she sank the German submarine U-482 with depth charges in the North Atlantic Ocean west of the Shetland Islands at 60°18′00″N 004°52′00″W﻿ / ﻿60.30000°N 4.86667°W﻿ / 60.30000; -4.86667.
On 14 March 1945, Ascension led a Royal Navy hunter-killer group to the scene of an attack by the South African Navy frigate HMSAS Natal on the German submarine U-714 off St. Abbs, Scotland, which had brought oil and a metal tank to the surface at 55°57′00″N 001°57′00″W﻿ / ﻿55.95000°N 1.95000°W﻿ / 55.95000; -1.95000﻿ ("U-714 sunk"). While Natal proceeded to Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands, Ascension's group depth-charged the position, bringing more flotsam from the submarine to the surface. The destroyer HMS Wivern claimed a share of the kill after depth-charging an oil slick 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) to the south under the assumption that it was oil from U-714, which Wivern's crew believed had been only been damaged by Natal and was attempting to escape. Although some controversy surrounds credit for the sinking, naval authorities later determined that Natal had sunk U-714 with the loss of the submarine's entire crew of 50 men and gave Natal sole credit for the sinking.

## Disposal

The United Kingdom returned Ascension to the U.S. Navy on 31 May 1946. She was sold to the Hudson Valley Shipwrecking Corporation of Newburgh, New York, for scrapping on 16 October 1947.
# Lake Sherwood

Lake Sherwood or Sherwood Lake may refer to some places in the United States:

## United States

* Lake Sherwood, California, a gated community
** Lake Sherwood (California), the reservoir around which the community is built
* Lake Sherwood (Florida), a lake near Orlando, Florida
* Lake Sherwood, Wisconsin, a CDP
* Lake Sherwood (Kansas), a lake
* Sherwood Lake (Berrien County, Michigan), a lake
* Lake Sherwood (West Virginia), a lake in the Monongahela National Forest
# Angus MacRobert

Angus David MacRobert (born 15 October 1968) is a South African former cricketer.
MacRobert was born at Pretoria in October 1968. He studied at the University of Cape Town, before undertaking his post-graduate studies in England at Keble College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Durham at Oxford in 1995. He made a total of nine first-class appearances for Oxford in 1995, taking 18 wickets with his right-arm medium-fast bowling at an average of 46.83, with best figures of 4 for 41. In addition to playing first-class cricket while at Oxford, he also made three List A one-day appearances for the Combined Universities cricket team in the 1995 Benson & Hedges Cup, taking 5 wickets at an average of 34.60, with best figures of 3 for 51.
# Jacob Thompson (disambiguation)

Jacob Thompson (1810–1885) was the United States Secretary of the Interior and later the Inspector General of the Confederate States Army.
Jacob or Jake Thompson may also refer to:
* Jacob Thompson (painter) (1806–1879), English landscape painter
* Jacob Gordon Thompson, Georgia State Patrol officer charged with the killing of Julian Edward Roosevelt Lewis in 2020
* Jake Thompson (born 1994), American baseball pitcher

## Other uses

* Jacob Thompson House, located in Monson, Massachusetts
# MetroCenter (Arlington, Texas)

The MetroCenter at 1323 W. Pioneer Parkway (Spur 303) in Arlington, Texas, opened in 2005. The 98,000 square-foot venue has hosted concerts, theatrical productions, conferences and other community events, and is also used by Fielder Church as a place of worship. It was built by the church for $17 million, and seats 1,700. As of 2024, the MetroCenter continues to host the annual MLK Youth Musical Extravaganza honoring Martin Luther King Jr.

## History

The MetroCenter is an extension of Fielder Church and was conceived by former Senior Pastor Dr. Gary Smith and former Executive Pastor Mike Wierick. Plans were made as late as 2002, and costs were estimated to be around $21 million. Half of the money was raised by December 2002.
It was designed by Beck Group Architecture and constructed by Manhattan Construction Company. Acoustic Dimensions designed the high end audio and video system and Ford Audio and Video handled the installation. Phase two of its construction was expected to add an addition 1,450 seats, but plans were scrapped.
The MetroCenter was officially deemed ready for occupancy on January 6, 2005, with its first service being held on January 16. It was built and is advertised as a multi-purpose facility, the MetroCenter housed symphony, stage, musicals, conferences and rock concerts.
In January 2009, the MetroCenter was ranked #2 Top Performing Arts Venues in Tarrant County by seating capacity by the Fort Worth Business Press.
In 2010, Symphony Arlington announced that it would be moving to a new facility after being there since May 12, 2005, stating that the MetroCenter had been a problematic venue for classical musicians and audiences.
# Pine Creek, Wisconsin

Pine Creek is an unincorporated community located in the town of Dodge, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, United States. Pine Creek is located on Pine Creek and County Highway G 9.6 miles (15.4 km) west-northwest of Galesville.

## History of Pine Creek

Early in the 1860s, Kaszubian Polish and Bohemian immigrants living in Winona, Minnesota began buying land across the Mississippi River in Trempealeau County. The Pine Creek area was ideal because of its thick black soil and its advantageous proximity to Winona's markets and services. The precise date of Pine Creek's establishment remains problematic but most accounts give 1862, which is also the year that Sacred Heart-Saint Wenceslaus Church was founded. Once the parish was formally established as part of the then-Roman Catholic Diocese of Milwaukee, a small community grew up around the church, including two or three taverns, a dance hall, and a general store. Although important in the history of the Kashubian diaspora, Pine Creek never became more than a small community due to the growth of the nearby town of Dodge, Wisconsin.

## Notable people

* Martin D. Brom, Wisconsin State Assemblyman, was born in Pine Creek.
# The Rabbit (Manet 1881)

The Rabbit is an 1881 oil painting by the French artist Édouard Manet, now displayed at the National Museum Wales in Cardiff, Wales. The work is a still life featuring a hung rabbit or hare (the work is sometimes referred as The Hare) which has been placed on a hook outside a closed house window.

## Origin

The Rabbit was conceived as one of four decorative panels, and was painted not long after Manet had suggested a series of panels for the meeting chamber at the Hôtel de Ville in Paris, though nothing came of this concept. Completed in 1881, when Manet's health was in decline, The Rabbit was painted while the artist was spending the summer months at a villa in Versailles. The painting, which was one of the central pairings of a four panel set, was part of a new cycle of decorative work undertaken by Manet while at Versailles. The other central panel, along with The Rabbit conceived to representing hunting trophies, was The Eagle Owl which as of 2012 is part of the Buhrle Collection in Zurich. The outer panels illustrate, on one a vine on a trellis and the other a corner of a garden. Two other pictures were grouped as part of the same inventory from his studio at the time of Manet's death, a vase of flowers and a watering can; but although they may be related to the same cycle of work are not believed to be part of the set of panels related to The Rabbit.
The work was initially submitted to the Salon in Paris in 1882, but was not accepted. It was sold after Manet's death as part of a studio sale to the art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel. It later passed into the ownership of the Paris-based art firm, Bernheim-Jeune. In 1917 The Rabbit was purchased from Bernheim-Jeune by the Welsh philanthrapist Gwendoline Davies, who in 1918 exhibited it at the Victoria Art Gallery in Bath. On Gwendoline's death in 1951, she bequeathed her collection of Impressionist works to the National Museum of Wales, among them The Rabbit. As of 2012 it is on view at the National Museum Cardiff in gallery 11.

## Analysis

The Rabbit is painted in a bold and loose style, and is intended to be viewed from a distance. This is in stark contrast to an earlier work by Manet also entitled the Rabbit (1866), which is completed in a far more traditional French style of still-life painting. This earlier painting, which is in the style of Chardin, is far more conventional and detailed than the later painting. The 1881 picture is a far more casual work, with fast and broad brushstrokes suggesting various textures, not only in the fur of the dead animal, but also in the curtains behind the window and the climbing plant which both frame the hanging rabbit. This latter work is much closer to the Impressionist style.

## Gallery

* Manet's 1866 painting held at Fondation Dubrujeaud, Avignon
# Pigmentiphaga soli

Pigmentiphaga soli is a gram-negative, motile bacterium from the genus Pigmentiphaga, which was isolated from soil in South Korea.
# Q-Centre

Q-Centre can refer to the following:
* The Q Centre in British Columbia
* Q-Centre, a materials research firm in Korea associated with, and holding the trademark on, the claimed superconductor LK-99
# HMS Sluys (D60)

HMS Sluys was a Battle-class destroyer of the Royal Navy (RN). She was named in honour of the Battle of Sluys which occurred in 1340 during the Hundred Years' War, and which resulted in a decisive English victory over a French fleet. Sluys was built by Cammell Laird of Birkenhead. She was launched on 28 February 1945 and commissioned on 30 September 1946. In 1967, the ship was transferred to Pahlavi Iran and renamed Artemiz. In 1985, the ship was renamed again, this time Damavand.

## Royal Navy service

Upon commission, Sluys joined the 5th Destroyer Flotilla, part of the Home Fleet, which was based in the UK. In 1947, Sluys, along with her sister ship Cadiz, escorted the aircraft carrier Vengeance, which was flying the flag of the First Sea Lord, to Norway, where the small group made a variety of fly-the-flag visits to ports, as well as performing other duties.
In 1953, Sluys was decommissioned and subsequently placed in Reserve.

## Transfer and sale to Iran

Sluys was sold to Pahlavi Iran in 1967 after a major rebuild by Vosper Thornycroft of Southampton that took three years to complete, completely changing her outline. This resulted in the ship having a fully enclosed bridge and a revised anti-aircraft fit of four single 40mm Bofors guns and a quadruple Sea Cat missile system. A new plated mainmast carried a Plessey AWS 1 long range search radar. The sale was made despite stresses between the UK and Iran during the 1960s, which were centred on tensions and disputes in the Middle East. Sluys was renamed Artemiz upon joining the Iranian Navy. After some time, the ship was awarded the pennant number 51.
On 30 November 1971, Artemiz took part in the Iranian occupation of the Tunb islands in the Strait of Hormuz. In 1975-76, Artemiz underwent another refit, this time taking place at Cape Town, South Africa. The destroyer received four Standard missile launchers with a launch capability of eight missiles.
In 1985 Artemiz underwent a further refit, this time carried out by the Russians and received, amongst other things, a brand new Russian surface-to-air missile system to replace the British Sea Cat. However, she did keep her original 4.5-inch Mk 4 turrets, albeit with an updated radar and fire control system. The ship was then renamed Damavand and also received two Soviet-made twin 23 mm/80 anti-aircraft guns.
Damavand was stricken around 1996
# Nick Garnett

Nick Garnett (born October 1964, Liverpool) is an English journalist and broadcaster with the British Broadcasting Corporation. He works for the broadcaster's national TV news bulletins, the BBC News Channel, network radio stations and the BBC News website.

## Biography

Garnett grew up in Liverpool, England. He worked at a number of local radio stations before joining BBC Radio 5 Live in 1994. In 2020 he became one of the BBC's North of England Reporters.
In 1998 he was one of the first field reporters at the BBC to be issued with a Nera M4 Satellite in 1998 which enabled him to operate as a single-person radio broadcaster. His work during the British General Election of 2010 was reviewed in The Daily Telegraph.
He has written about his life as a reporter working overseas as he travelled from Nepal to Tunisia and Eastern Europe in 2015.
In recent years he has moved from using traditional audio recorders to using an iPhone to record, mix and send material from the field to his radio station: known as Mobile journalism. He was one of the first broadcasters to use a live streaming camera application to broadcast live TV pictures for broadcast on the BBC News Channel from an iPhone.
He has reported on court cases including that of the nurse Lucy Letby and Brian Buckle who spent five and a half years in prison for crimes he didn't commit. In June 2024 he covered the disappearance of Jay Slater in Tenerife on TV and the BBC website.
# Annemarie Haensch

Annemarie Haensch was a German international table tennis player.

## Table tennis career

She won a gold medal in the team event at the 1934 World Table Tennis Championships for Germany, with Anita Felguth, Astrid Krebsbach and Mona Rüster Muller.
# Jacqueline-Aimée Brohon

Jacqueline-Aimée Brohon (1731–1778) was a French novelist and essayist. Influenced by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, her writings were anti-clerical and inclined towards mysticism.

## Works

* Les amans philosophes, ou Le triomphe de la raison. 1755.
* Les Grâces de l'ingénuité, nouvelle. 1756.
* Instructions édifiants sur le jeûne de Jésus-Christ au désert. 1791.
* Réflexions édifiants. 1791.
# Michael's Harbour

Michael's Harbour is a designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is just outside Lewisporte. There are no stores or services and residents must commute to Lewisporte for essential services and Campbellton for education until the 9th grade. They commute to Lewisporte for high school. The community had a crisis in 2020 where a house burned down and it was determined that no fire department was obliged to provide services to the community. In February of the same year, the issue was resolved where the Lewisporte Fire Department agreed to provide service in exchange for CA$50 fee per homeowner.

## Geography

Michaels Harbour is in Newfoundland within Subdivision G of Division No. 8.

## Demographics

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Michaels Harbour recorded a population of 63 living in 27 of its 34 total private dwellings, a change of -11.3% from its 2011 population of 71. With a land area of 2.42 km$^2$ (0.93 sq mi), it had a population density of 26.0/km$^2$ (67.4/sq mi) in 2016.