OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Melendiz River

The Melendiz River (Turkish: Uluırmak), is a stream forming the Ihlara Valley in the territory of the Aksaray Province, Turkey. In ancient times, its name was Potamus Kapadukus (Cappadocia River). It arises from Melendiz Mountain (Mt. Melendós in antiquity), passes through Ihlara Valley and Aksaray city center and empties into Tuz Lake.
It is formed by the merging of springs and streams from the skirts of Melendiz Mountain. The catchment area (basin) is 565.2 km². The annual average flow in Selime Village is 72.99 hm³. The flow decreases in summer and increases with spring rains. Since it is fed from sources, it does not dry completely in summer. Its length is 60 km. The flow coefficient is 0.141. In the permeable terrain with Tuff, the majority of precipitation does not appear to run off.

## Geography

The Melendiz River stream originates from Melendiz Mountain, nearby Mount Hasan in Sultan Pinari, Çiftlik, Niğde. It then flows into the Ihlara Valley, passing by villages such as Ihlara, Ilısu, Selime, the archaeological site of Aşıklı Höyük, and cuts through the heart of Aksaray city, splitting Aksaray into North-West and South-East. On the way, it creates the Mamasun Reservoir.

## Gallery

* The Melendiz River in Ihlara Valley
# Melanchra assimilis

Melanchra assimilis, commonly known as the black arches or similar black noctuid, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Melanchra assimilis is 10295.
# To Escape the Stars

To Escape the Stars is a 1978 science fiction novel by US editor and writer Robert Hoskins.

## Synopsis

The book is the third of three in the Stars sequence, which is loosely based upon an earlier novel, The Problem Makers. It is set 100,000 years into the future, 10,000 years after the previous novel, where gate travel between worlds is common, even for transporting raw materials.
The novel has two distinct parts, the first describing the bad behavior of the protagonist, the second describing the renewed search for the advanced aliens from Alnia. The book's hero and protagonist is James Oregas, a selfish coloniser of planets.

## Reception

Mary Weinkauf, reviewing from Science Fiction and Fantasy Book Review, described it as picaresque and criticised its theme, interest, and originality.
B. C. Hacker writing in Library Journal described it as a good story.
# Melanostomias pauciradius

Melanostomias pauciradius, the three-ray dragonfish, is a species of barbeled dragonfish native to the Western Pacific. It has 18 to 20 anal soft rays, and 15 to 16 dorsal soft rays.
# Meliton, Metropolitan of Chalcedon

Meliton (born Sotirios Hatzis) (1913 – 27 December 1989), was a prelate of the Eastern Orthodox Church who served as the Metropolitan of Chalcedon from 1966 until his death in 1989. Born in Istanbul and educated at the Halki Theological Seminary, he was appointed Secretary of the Holy Synod by Patriarch Benjamin I in 1937 and in 1948 Protosynkellos to Patriarchs Maximus V and Athenagoras I.
As Metropolitan of Imbros and Tenedos (1953) and subsequently of Chalcedon (1966), Meliton was the right-hand man of Athenagoras I, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. He was strongly favoured to succeed Athenagoras in 1972, but the Turkish Government, in an effort to keep the Patriarchate under its control, had Meliton's name removed from the list of acceptable candidates.
He was known for his role in ecumenical relations and for Pope Paul VI's gesture of kneeling to kiss his feet during a visit to the Vatican on 7 December 1975. Meliton was no friend of the Regime of the Colonels and after his sermon "I condemn hypocrisy" at the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens on 8 March 1970, ostensibly encouraging preparation for Lent but widely understood and intended as an attack on the regime, enjoyed considerable following in Greece.
In 1984 Meliton suffered a severe stroke from which he never fully recovered. He died five years later in Istanbul. His body rests at St. Ignatius Greek Orthodox Cemetery, Kadıköy.
# Melhania annua

Melhania annua is a plant in the family Malvaceae, native to East Africa.

## Description

Melhania annua grows as an annual herb, up to 30 centimetres (12 in) tall. The pubescent leaves are ovate to obovate and measure up to 6.2 cm (2 in) long. Inflorescences are solitary or two or three-flowered, on a stalk measuring up to 3 cm (1 in) long. The flowers have yellow petals.

## Distribution and habitat

Melhania annua is native to Somalia and Kenya. Only 12 specimen sites are known. Its habitat is coastal sand dunes.
# Melathulukkankulam

Melathulukkankulam is a village in the Virudhunagar district under Kariapatti taluk, in Tamil Nadu, India. It is exactly 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the Virudhunagar-Kalkurichi main road. It has its own post office and the PINCODE is 626109. The nearest town is Virudhunagar, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) away. Agriculture is the main source of income for the residents the village. The village has its own government middle school and for secondary education government and government-aided high schools are located in Mallankinaru, around 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). The village is under the control of Mallankinaru police station.
# Tola, Nicaragua

Tola is a municipality in the Rivas department of Nicaragua. Tola means "Land of Tula", or "Land of the Toltecs" and its etymology derives from Nahuatl Tōllān, the altepetl of the Classic and Post Classic Toltec Empire of central Mexico. Tola is a direct reference to the Toltec ancestry of the Nahuas in Nicaragua. The indigenous inhabitants of Tola are the Nahuas.
As of 2023, the estimated population of Tola is 23,927.
# Tmesisternus costipennis

Tmesisternus costipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940.
# Meibutsuki

Meibutsuki(名物記, lit. 'Records of famous objects'), are records of Tea Ceremony utensils. Many were compiled by the Matsudaira family. The most famous was compiled by Matsudaira Morimura, but others, such as the Sansatsu Meibutsuki created by Matsudaira Sakonshogen also exist. They describe the lineage and history of various tea vessels, classifying them by either age or ownership.
# Gaius Claudius Severus

Gaius Claudius Severus was a Roman senator who lived in the second half of the 1st century AD and the first half of the 2nd century AD.

## Life

Part of a family of Pontian Greek descent, Severus was born and raised in Pompeiopolis, a city in the Roman province of Galatia.
Severus was a magistrate in the reign of the Emperor Trajan (98-117). Trajan had successfully annexed Arabia Petraea in 105 to 106, and appointed Severus as its first governor, who organized the region into a Roman province. Severus remained in the office from 106 until 116.
During his tenure a road, Via Nova Traiana, was paved from Aqaba via Petra to Bostra. There are two surviving letters that mention the construction of the road, sent by Apollonarius, an Egyptian soldier and assistant secretary to Severus, dated to early 107. One is addressed to his father, the other to his mother. A milestone found near Thoana, 54 miles north of Petra, attests that it was completed in 110/111.
He was suffect consul in absentia in the nundinium of October-December 112 with Titus Settidius Firmus as his colleague.
Severus married an unnamed Roman woman and had a son named Gnaeus Claudius Severus Arabianus, ordinary consul in 146.
# G5901 Hohhot Ring Expressway

The Hohhot Ring Expressway (Chinese: 呼和浩特绕城高速), designated as G5901 is an expressway in Inner Mongolia, Northern China orbiting the city of Hohhot. This expressway is a branch of G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway.

## Detailed itinerary

Clockwise :
| Continues as G5901 Hohhot Ring Expressway |||
| 1 A-B | G6 Jingla Expressway G7 Jingxin Expressway |
| 2 | G110 Road Bayan |
| 9 | Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda |
| | S29 Hushuo Expressway X004 Road Jinhe |
| 23 | S102 Road ''Jinhe |
| Zhaojun Service Area |||
| 33 | G209 Road Hohhot-Centre Towards Sha'erqin-Horinger Zhaojun Tomb |
| Hohhot Metropolitan Area |||
| 47 | S31 Hujun Expressway S103 Road Hohhot-Centre |
| 60 | G110 Road Taigemu |
| 61 | G6 Jingla Expressway G7 Jingxin Expressway |
| Concurrent with G6 Jingla Expressway Concurrent with G7 Jingxin Expressway |||
| (489) | G110 Road Hohhot-West Taigemu |
| Hohhot Metropolitan Area |||
| (480) | S104 Road Hohhot-Centre Towards Wuchuan |
| | S101 Road Towards G110 Road Hohhot-Centre |
| Concurrent with G6 Jingla Expressway Concurrent with G7 Jingxin Expressway |||
| (1 A-B) | G6 Jingla Expressway G7 Jingxin Expressway |
| Continues as G5901 Hohhot Ring Expressway |||
| Counterclockwise |||
# Tolosaldea

Tolosaldea is one of the eight comarcas in Gipuzkoa, formed by 28 municipalities. Tolosa is the main town. An estimated 47,880 people live in the area in 2018.

## Municipalities

| Basque Name (Official) | Historical Spanish Name | Population 2001 Census | 2011 Census | 2018 Estimate |
| Abaltzisketa | Abalcisqueta | 277 | 320 | 320 |
| Aduna | | 333 | 451 | 469 |
| Albiztur | Albístur | 287 | 313 | 309 |
| Alegia | Alegría de Oria | 1,583 | 1,763 | 1.726 |
| Alkiza | Alquiza | 264 | 365 | 374 |
| Altzo | Alzo | 326 | 407 | 427 |
| Amezketa | Amézqueta | 980 | 969 | 939 |
| Anoeta | | 1,709 | 1,836 | 2,034 |
| Asteasu | | 1,290 | 1,500 | 1,533 |
| Baliarrain | | 97 | 125 | 137 |
| Belauntza | Belaunza | 285 | 287 | 239 |
| Berastegi | Berástegui | 973 | 1,057 | 1,081 |
| Berrobi | | 566 | 568 | 602 |
| Bidania-Goiatz | Bidegoyan | 427 | 536 | 508 |
| Elduain | Elduayen | 210 | 232 | 239 |
| Gaztelu | | 152 | 163 | 153 |
| Hernialde | | 286 | 359 | 313 |
| Ibarra | | 4,208 | 4,273 | 4,172 |
| Ikaztegieta | Icazteguieta | 377 | 469 | 488 |
| Irura | | 910 | 1,626 | 1,862 |
| Larraul | | 145 | 237 | 253 |
| Leaburu | | 367 | 388 | 377 |
| Lizartza | Lizarza | 581 | 648 | 602 |
| Orendain | Orendáin | 143 | 180 | 218 |
| Orexa | Oreja | 83 | 123 | 123 |
| Tolosa | | 17,642 | 18,389 | 19,525 |
| Villabona | | 5,672 | 5,858 | 5,881 |
| Zizurkil | Cizúrquil | 2,820 | 2,854 | 2,976 |
# Tod Gordon

Tod Gordon (born June 19, 1955, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American businessman. Gordon is the president of Carver W. Reed Co. Inc, a Philadelphia jewelry store and loan office that was established in 1860. He is also the founder of defunct professional wrestling promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling (later Extreme Championship Wrestling). He owned the promotion until it was sold to his head booker Paul Heyman in May 1995.

## Extreme Championship Wrestling

One of Gordon's most notable involvements within ECW (Eastern Championship Wrestling at the time) was a tournament branded under the NWA name and for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. After Shane Douglas defeated 2 Cold Scorpio to win the title, he was scripted by Gordon and Paul Heyman, who were trying to evolve into a separate company from NWA, to tell every person ever associated with the NWA to 'kiss my (Douglas') ass', throw the NWA title belt down, and personally declare himself as 'the new ECW World Heavyweight Champion'. Shortly afterward, it was confirmed that ECW was renamed to Extreme Championship Wrestling. Gordon would remain the figurehead commissioner of ECW until he left the company in May 1997 amid controversy about alleged "moles" in the ECW locker room leaking information and talent to WCW.

## Wrestling career following ECW

After ECW, Gordon booked Pro-Pain Pro Wrestling and founded Xtreme Fight Club. Gordon was involved with Pro Wrestling Unplugged and on their September 20, 2006, second anniversary event, Gordon was announced as their new owner.
On April 19, 2008, Pro Wrestling Unplugged held a farewell show for Tod Gordon.
On February 10, 2010, Tod Gordon announced that he and Paul Heyman would be collaborating on a new project, with an announcement coming in 2011.
Tod Gordon returned to The Arena on July 10, 2010 to be a part of Acid-Fest as a tribute to Trent Acid.
On August 8, 2010, Gordon returned via satellite, to pay tribute to ECW on TNA's Hardcore Justice.
Gordon would appear on a WWE produced DVD documentary of Paul Heyman.

## Personal life

Gordon has two daughters and a son, Alexandra, Rebecca, and Charlie Gordon. Tod has been married twice. He is currently married. He owns the Philadelphia pawnbroker shop Carver W. Reed. He is a past president of the Pennsylvania State Pawnbroker's Association.

## Accomplishments

* Hardcore Hall of Fame
** Class of 2009
# Melaleuca cheelii

Melaleuca cheelii is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland. It is a shrub or tree to 10 m (33 ft) with white flowers and papery bark. It has been classified as "near threatened" by the government of Queensland.

## Description

Melaleuca cheelii grows to a height of 8–10 m (26–33 ft). Its leaves are arranged in alternating opposite pairs (decussate), each leaf with an elliptic shape, 5–12.5 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long and 2–6 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide.
The flowers are white to cream-coloured and arranged in spikes at the ends of the branches which continue to grow after flowering. The flower spikes are up to 40 mm (2 in) long and 20 mm (0.8 in) in diameter and carry 2 to 10 flowers. The petals are 2–2.7 mm (0.08–0.1 in) long and fall off after the flower has opened. The stamens are arranged in 5 bundles around the flower and each bundle has 8 to 18 stamens. The main flowering season is in September. After flowering, woody cup or barrel-shaped fruit develop in loose clusters, each fruit 4–4.5 mm (0.16–0.18 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca cheelii was first formally described in 1932 by Cyril Tenison White in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland collected by White himself at "Traverston, mouth of the Burrum River, about 180 miles north of Brisbane, Queensland" noting that it was "common in wet places in sandy wallum country". The specific epithet (cheelii) honours Edwin Cheel (1872– 1951) who was a botanist at the state herbarium in Sydney.

## Distribution and habitat

This melaleuca occurs in wallum country near Bundaberg including in Burrum Coast National Park and the Meadowvale Nature Park in Bundaberg.

## Conservation status

This species has been classified as "near threatened" under the Government of Queensland Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Amendment Regulation (2010).

## Use in horticulture

Although not well known in cultivation, a specimen in the Australian National Botanic Gardens in Canberra is more than 20 years old. Others have grown successfully in Adelaide and Brisbane.
# Gaffey

Gaffey (alternately Mac/Mc Gaibhidhe) is a surname originated from South Connacht almost exclusively to the area around Athlone.

## History

Originally Mac the name was Anglicized to Gaffey in the 17th century. There has been confusion about the origins of the Gaffey name, some people believing that the name came from England or Scotland and moved to Ulster during the Ulster plantation and moved again to Connacht in the wake of the O'Donnells. This has been disproven as they did not come from Donegal nor did they settle in north Connacht like other Ulster families. A poet named O'Dugan wrote in "The Topographical Poem" of a sept called Mac Gaibhidh, describing their location as a "land of fruit" it was clearly not the west or north of Connacht but instead the southern Roscommon area. It is thought that the Gaffeys are descendants of Vikings who sailed down the River Shannon and settled near the Viking town, Athlone. The name Mac Gaibhidhe comes from the Irish "mac an gabha" which translates to "Son of the Smith". Irish people called Vikings "The Blacksmiths" for their skills at iron work and it is believed that this is where the Gaffey name originates. There is more confusion to the name Gaffey as not all Gaffeys are from the original Mc Gaibhidhe name. some small branches of the Gaffney family moved from Britain to Connacht during some unknown point of time and converted their name to Gaffey as they hibernicized. And Gaffeys that moved to Scotland and Australia changed their names to Gaffney. And the name Gaffey and Hackett (surname) have such similar coat of arms that they are often confused with each other by heraldry websites.

## Coat of arms

The Gaffey coat of arms is a white chief containing three green shamrocks or trefoils symbolising peace, authority and perpetuity, the rest of the shield is Royal blue (azure) containing three fish (vertical) symbolising loyalty and virtue. The motto of the Gaffey family is "Fortitudine et prudentia" meaning Courage and Caution. The family colors of the Gaffey family are royal blue and white as shown by their mantle. and their crest is a golden crown below a double-headed eagle supporting two serpents lifting a tiara.

## People

Notable people with the surname include:
* Hugh Joseph Gaffey (1895–1946), Chief of Staff for General George Patton's Third Army during World War II
* John Tracy Gaffey (1860–1935), a journalist, state and city official, real-estate speculator and investor at the turn of the 20th century in Los Angeles, California
* Michael Gaffey (1893–1961), the police chief of San Francisco between 1951 and 1955
* Michael James Gaffey, planetary scientist who specializes in deriving the mineralogies of asteroids from their reflectance spectra
* Nigel Gaffey (born 1970), Australian rugby league footballer
* Thomas Gaffey, American politician, state senator from Connecticut since 1995
# Melanochromis chipokae

Melanochromis chipokae is a species of cichlid in the Cichlidae endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known to occur at Chipoka. It lives in habitats characterized by patches of sand amongst rock. This piscivorous species can reach a length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) SL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade, which is the main threat to this species and which has caused a 90% decline in the population. This has led to the IUCN assessing this species as Critically Endangered.
# Tomopterus basimaculatus

Tomopterus basimaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1964.
# Melchers

Melchers is a surname of German language origin, originally found mostly in North Rhine-Westphalia (the former Prussia).
People with this surname include:
* Claudia Melchers (born 1969), Dutch businesswoman and kidnapping victim
* Cor Melchers (1954–2015), Dutch painter
* Corinne Melchers (1880–1955), American painter, humanitarian, and gardener
* Gari Melchers (1860–1932), American painter
* Hans Melchers (born 1938), Dutch businessman
* Julius Theodore Melchers (1829–1908), American sculptor
* Marie Melchers (born 1939), Belgian fencer
* Mirjam Melchers (born 1975), Dutch cyclist
* Paul Melchers (1813–1895), German Roman Catholic clergyman
* Saskia Melchers (born 1962), Dutch cricketer
The Melchers Building, the oldest commercial building in Honolulu, Hawaii, was named for one of its original occupants, trader Gustav C. Melchers.
# Tomas Ó Mellaig

Tomas Ó Mellaig, Bishop of Annaghdown, died after 27 May 1250.
Ó Mellaig was a native of what is now County Galway, where his surname is now rendered Melia. He was a kinsman of the first bishop, Conn Ua Mellaig, though their exact relationship is unknown.
He was consecrated about 1242 but it is not clear if he ever physically occupied the see, as he acted as a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Lincoln in 1246. According to Moody, he may have been deprived of the bishopric on 28 May 1247. He is believed to have died after 27 May 1250.
# Melvin Helitzer

Melvin Helitzer (October 18, 1924 – April 11, 2009) was a professor in the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University, where he taught sports publicity, promotion and public relations in the university's graduate school of recreation and sports sciences.

## Biography

A former Madison Avenue advertising agency president, Helitzer left a Clio-award-winning career in 1980 to teach journalism courses, including "Humor Writing for Fun and Profit," at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. That course became so popular that it boasted a sign-up list a year in advance, and each student had to audition to become one of the few selected for each class. Helitzer has written for newspapers, magazines, and commercials; for the award-winning ABC-TV musical comedy, "The Cowboy & The Tiger"; and for such professional entertainers as Sammy Davis Jr., Art Linkletter, and Shari Lewis. Through his college class he has helped launch the careers of numerous students including one who is now working for an off-Broadway playwright and others who have sold material to many professional comedians and national publications.

## Books

Helitzer's published books include:
The Dream Job: Sports Publicity, Promotion and Marketing, 1997
Comedy Techniques for Writers and Performers, 1994
Comedy Writing Secrets - How to Think Funny, Write Funny, Act Funny and Get Paid For It., 1992
Comedy Techniques for Writers and Performers, 1984

## Quotes

"I'd like to introduce a man with a lot of charm, talent, and wit. Unfortunately, he couldn't be here tonight, so instead..."
"I sort of feel like Cindy Crawford's new husband on their wedding night. I know what's expected of me. I'm just not sure I've got the ability to make it interesting."
"Enjoy how sweet, how thoughtful, how kind I'm being on your birthday. Because tomorrow it's back to the same old crap."
"When asked to contribute ten dollars to a lawyer's funeral, I said: "Here's fifty. Bury five of them."
"One thing I can guarantee you. You may not be a great deal wiser from my talk today, but you will be a great deal older."
# GTP-binding protein regulators

GTP-binding protein regulators regulate G proteins in several different ways. Small GTPases act as molecular switches in signaling pathways, which act to regulate functions of other proteins. They are active or 'ON' when it is bound to GTP and inactive or 'OFF' when bound to GDP. Activation and deactivation of small GTPases can be regarded as occurring in a cycle, between the GTP-bound and GDP-bound form, regulated by other regulatory proteins.

## Exchangers

The inactive form of GTPases (GDP-form) are activated by a class of proteins called Guanosine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). GEFs catalyse nucleotide exchange by encouraging the release of GDP from the small GTPase (by displacement of the small GTPase-associated Mg$^{2+}$ ion) and GDP's replacement by GTP (which is in at least a 10-fold excess within the cell) . Inactivation of the active small GTPase is achieved through hydrolysis of the GTP by the small GTPase's intrinsic GTP hydrolytic activity.

## Stimulators

The rate of GTP hydrolysis for small GTPases is generally too slow to create physiologically relevant transient signals, and thus requires another class of regulatory proteins to accelerate this activity, the GTPase activating proteins (GAPs).

## Inhibitors

Another class of regulatory proteins, the Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), bind to the GDP-bound form of Rho and Rab small GTPases and not only prevent exchange (maintaining the small GTPase in an off-state), but also prevent the small GTPase from localizing at the membrane, which is their place of action.