OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pandaul

Pandaul is a village and the administrative center of Pandaul Block, located in the southern portion of Madhubani District, Bihar, India. The village had a population of 32,689 in the 2011 census.

## Geography

Pandaul is situated about 10 kilometres south of the district capital Madhubani, at an average elevation of 53 metres above the sea level. It has a total area of 1065.4 hectares.

## Pandaul

Pandu has a Humid Subtropical Climate (Cwa). The lowest average rainfall occurs in November, with around 4 mm of precipitation, while the highest rainfall occurs in July, with around 366 mm of precipitation.
Climate data for Gania :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) | 26.3 (79.3) | 32.2 (90.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.3 (95.5) | 33.5 (92.3) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.5 (88.7) | 30.9 (87.6) | 29.9 (85.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 24.1 (75.4) | 30.1 (86.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) | 19.9 (67.8) | 25.3 (77.5) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.8 (85.6) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.1 (82.6) | 27.4 (81.3) | 25.4 (77.7) | 22.0 (71.6) | 18.1 (64.6) | 25.0 (76.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.6 (51.1) | 13.5 (56.3) | 18.2 (64.8) | 22.9 (73.2) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.6 (78.1) | 24.7 (76.5) | 21.3 (70.3) | 16.4 (61.5) | 12.2 (54.0) | 20.1 (68.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 12 (0.5) | 15 (0.6) | 16 (0.6) | 27 (1.1) | 85 (3.3) | 214 (8.4) | 366 (14.4) | 320 (12.6) | 254 (10.0) | 67 (2.6) | 4 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 1,386 (54.5) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2011 Census of India, Pandaul had a population of 32,689 in 6,590 households. The working population made up 31.30% of the overall population. The average literacy rate was 50.61%, with 9,999 literate males and 6,545 literate females.
# Paoni 6

5 Paoni – Coptic calendar – 7 Paoni

## Fixed commemorations

All fixed commemorations below are observed on 6 Paoni (13 June) by the Coptic Orthodox Church.

### Saints

* Saint Theodorus the Confessor
# Graeme K.

Graeme K. (born Graeme Stevens Alexander Kennedy) is a musician, producer, and owner of Mckeenstreet Music, a small, independent record label based in Portland, Maine. As an artist, he is known for dense, highly orchestrated compositions utilizing electronics and live instrumentation. In 2005, he was selected as one of the ten best unsigned artists in New York City by CMJ and asked to play in the 'Best of the Five Boroughs' concert in Prospect Park. In 2008, he released his debut record, Hidden Beast. The Bollard claimed, "The instrumentation and arrangements are astounding." Bluesbunny.com gave the record its highest score of 5 stars, calling it "Music that convinces you. Music that will put you under a spell. A spell that relieves the mediocrity of existence. It's not even about the lyrics or the melody – it's about the effect on you." Following the release of Hidden Beast, he was invited to play a showcase at the 2008 CMJ Music Marathon. His song 'Aw. Turkish. Baby.' is used regularly as an intro for the Seattle radio show Too Beautiful to Live, hosted by Luke Burbank, and is featured on their TBTL Music Guide on iTunes. He was also the drummer in the rock groups Brenda and BOXY. In 2010, he won the Best Electronic Act award in The Phoenix.
# Graffam

Graffam may refer to:
* Mary Louise Graffam (1871–1921), American teacher and witness to the Armenian genocide
* Graffam Development Historic District, a residential area in Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
# Graff, Missouri

Graff is an unincorporated community in eastern Wright County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Route 38, 12.5 miles (20.1 km) east-northeast of Hartville. The community consists of a veterinary clinic and a post office, plus less than a half dozen houses.
A post office called Graff has been in operation since 1899. The community most likely was formerly called "Groff". The Groff family were among the first settlers.
# PaperBackSwap

PaperBackSwap (PBS) is a book swapping website which was founded in 2004. The purpose of PaperBackSwap is to use the Internet to facilitate the parity trading of books among members in the United States using a credit based system for swapping. The club also operates sister websites SwapaDVD and SwapaCD to facilitate parity trading of DVDs and CDs, respectively.

## History

PaperBackSwap was founded in 2004 by Richard Pickering, a former economics student, and his friend, Robert Swarthout. Sister websites SwapaCD and SwapaDVD were founded in 2008.

## Operation

A credit system is used to enable members to trade books for credits and credits for books. Credits may either be purchased, or they may be earned by mailing books which have been requested. Consequently, a member need not seek another member who desires a parity trade; credits are the medium of exchange. Both paperback and hardback books may be traded, as well as audiobooks. Within the PBS system the value of any bound book is one credit, and the value of an audio book is two credits.
Pickering patented several embodiments of the program with the US Patent Office involving the swapping process of books, CDs and DVDs. Pickering continues to run the company to date.
# Parag Chaliha

Parag Chaliha (1923-1999) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Assam in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament representing the Asom Gana Parishad. He is the father of Kirip Chaliha who was a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Guwahati.
# Parafunctional activity

A para-functional habit or parafunctional habit is the habitual exercise of a body part in a way that is other than the most common use of that body part. In dentistry, orthodontics, and oral and maxillofacial pathology, the body part in question is usually the mouth, tongue, or jaw. Oral para-functional habits may include bruxism (tooth-clenching, grinding, or both), tongue tension ("tongue thrusting"), fingernail biting, pencil or pen chewing, mouth breathing, and any other habitual use of the mouth unrelated to eating, drinking, or speaking.
Crenated tongue is when scalloping develops on the lateral margins of the tongue as a result of habitual forcing of the tongue against the teeth.
Contrary to common belief, functional activities such as chewing are not the main cause of tooth wear. Parafunctional habits are the most destructive forces for several reasons. Whereas teeth rarely come into contact during normal chewing, grinding of teeth may occur 1-4 hours in a 24-hour period, most often during sleep. The amount of pressure placed on teeth during functional habits is 140–550 kilopascals (20–80 psi), but the pressure can range from 2–20.7 megapascals (290–3,000 psi) during parafunctional habits. The direction of forces during functional habits is placed vertically along the long axis of teeth, which is the least harmful because of the anatomical structure of the attachment of teeth to the bone. On the other hand, parafunctional habits direct their forces horizontally. Normally, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) acts as a class III lever, which helps to restrict the amount of force generated. Class I or class II levers may be created during bruxism, which generates more force from the same amount of muscle activity and subsequently delivers more force to the teeth.
Extreme force upon the teeth can occur during some situations as a protective reflex. When a person senses the risk of an imminent car crash, for example, the teeth arches are normally firmly occluded. This overclenching is still considered parafunctional, although it serves a functional purpose; the maxillomandibular complex is much less vulnerable to harm and dislocation because it is bonded by muscles and interposed teeth. When this kind of reflex acts, having a good memory of one's "best bite" position helps avoid fractures. It is one hypothesis for why military jet pilots crack more teeth than auxiliary crew.
# Grand Casablanca

Grand Casablanca or Greater Casablanca (Arabic: الدار البيضاء الكبرى) was one of the sixteen former regions of Morocco that existed from 1997 to 2015. Located in coastal northwestern Morocco, it was the most densely populated region and covered an area of 1,117 km$^2$. The population at the 2014 census was 4,270,750. The region was the economic heart of the Moroccan economy with Casablanca, the region's capital, being the effective economic capital of Morocco.
The region was bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and by the region of Chaouia-Ouardigha on the other three sides.
The last wāli or governor of Greater Casablanca was Mohammed Kabbaj.

## Dissolution

In 2015, the region annexed El Jadida and Sidi Bennour Provinces from the region of Doukkala-Abda and the provinces of Benslimane, Berrechid and Settat from the region of Chaouia-Ouardigha to form the new region of Casablanca-Settat.

## Administrative divisions

The Wilaya of Greater Casablanca consisted of two prefectures and two provinces:
* Prefecture of Casablanca
* Prefecture of Mohammedia
* Nouaceur Province
* Mediouna Province
# Grand Capucin

The Grand Capucin (3,838 m) is a rock pinnacle located underneath Mont Blanc du Tacul in the Mont Blanc Massif in Haute-Savoie, France.
* This Haute-Savoie geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e

## Climbing

The Grand Capucin is famous for its amazing climbing, but only at harder levels or with Aid.
# Grant Farrell

Grant Farrell (born 29 January 2000) is a United States Virgin Islands international soccer player who plays as a defender.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of match played 26 March 2021.
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| United States Virgin Islands | 2021 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 1 | 0 |
# Parham, Uttar Pradesh

Parham is a village in Jasrana Tehsil, Firozabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of the year 2011, it has a population of 19,642.

## Geography

Parham is located at the south of Arind River, approximately 32 kilometres northeast of the district capital Firozabad, and 9 kilometres north of the subdistrict capital Jasrana. Shikohabad Road passes through the east of the town. The average elevation of the village is at 166 metres above the sea level.

## Climate

Parham has a Humid Subtropical Climate (Cwa). It receives the most amount of rainfall in July, with on average 256 mm of precipitation; and the least rainfall in November, with 6 mm of precipitation.
Climate data for Parham :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) | 24.4 (75.9) | 30.8 (87.4) | 37.3 (99.1) | 39.8 (103.6) | 37.9 (100.2) | 33 (91) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.9 (89.4) | 31.8 (89.2) | 27.7 (81.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 30.8 (87.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.1 (57.4) | 17.7 (63.9) | 23.5 (74.3) | 29.8 (85.6) | 32.9 (91.2) | 32.9 (91.2) | 29.5 (85.1) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.8 (82.0) | 25.6 (78.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 15.8 (60.4) | 24.9 (76.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) | 11.2 (52.2) | 16 (61) | 21.7 (71.1) | 25.8 (78.4) | 27.8 (82.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 25.7 (78.3) | 24.1 (75.4) | 19.4 (66.9) | 14.5 (58.1) | 9.6 (49.3) | 19.2 (66.6) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 17 (0.7) | 22 (0.9) | 12 (0.5) | 9 (0.4) | 12 (0.5) | 91 (3.6) | 256 (10.1) | 236 (9.3) | 125 (4.9) | 20 (0.8) | 6 (0.2) | 10 (0.4) | 816 (32.3) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Indian Census, Parham has 3,180 households and 19,642 residents. Out of the total population, 10,505 are male and 9,137 are female. The total literacy rate is 59.6%, with 7,159 of the male population and 4,548 of the female population being literate. The census location code of the village is 125747.
# Paraburkholderia madseniana

Paraburkholderia madseniana is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Paraburkholderia. The type strain is P. madseniana RP11$^T$, which was isolated from forest soil near Ithaca, NY, in 2016. The species was named in honor of Gene Madsen, a Professor at Cornell University, in recognition of his contributions to the field of environmental microbiology. The species is notable for its capacity to degrade phenolic compounds and its involvement in the priming effect.
# Greenville, New York

Greenville is the name of some places in the U.S. state of New York:
* Greenville, Orange County, New York, a town
* Greenville, Westchester County, New York, a CDP, commonly known as Edgemont
* Greenville, Greene County, New York, a town
** Greenville (CDP), Greene County, New York, in the center of that town
* Greenville, New York: fictional town in What Mad Universe
# Parachute mitral valve

Parachute mitral valve (or PMV) is a rare congenital heart disease where the mitral valve only has a single papillary muscle from which all chordae tendineae originate. It is caused by an embryologic failure of papillary muscles to divide into two normally distinct columns, giving the mitral valve orifice and chordea an irregular, parachute-like appearance. Due to the abnormal anatomy, there are almost always associated mitral valve disorders, and because of its abnormal embryologic origin, PMV almost always coincides in a complex of other congenital heart defects. PMV is usually identified during infancy or childhood due to its symptomatic nature, and hardly ever diagnosed during adulthood.

## Clinical significance
### Associated Mitral Valve Disease

As a result of the thickened and shortened chordae, there is a restriction of the inflow of blood to mitral valve annulus and subannulus causing a narrowing known as mitral stenosis which increases the pressure gradient through the valve. Also, abnormal closure of the mitral valve leaflets or mitral valve prolapse will cause the valve significantly leak during closure known as mitral valve insufficiency.
Parachute mitral valve is commonly associated with other congenital heart disease. A 2004 study finds that children with PMV are 68% likely to have aortic coarctation, 54% likely to have an atrial septal defect, 46% likely to have a ventricular septal defect, and 19% likely to have left ventricular hypoplasia. Parachute mitral valve is also a part of the congenital complex of Shone's Syndrome.
Unfortunately, the overall outcome of the children diagnosed with parachute mitral valve especially with the other likely multilevel left-heart diseases is only somewhat satisfactory. However, with increasingly improved technology for mitral valve reconstructions, repairs and replacements procedures, outcomes are expected to improve in the future.
# Great Limber Preceptory, Limber Magna

Great Limber Preceptory, Limber Magna was a Camera (farm) of the Knights Templar and later the Knights Hospitaller in the village of Great Limber (or Limber Magna), Lincolnshire, England.
The manor and church of Great Limber were granted by Richard de Humet of Normandy, France and Agnes his wife, to the Cistercian abbey of Aunay in Normandy, and their charter was confirmed by King Henry II in 1157. It seems likely that the property was a grange rather than a priory. The manor and church were sold by the abbot of Aunay in 1393 to the priory of St. Anne at Coventry.
The site of the grange, or priory, later became a Camera (farm) of first the Knights Templars, and then the Knights Hospitallers between the 14th and 16th centuries. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1540 the house was first occupied by Thomas Smyth and then sold to the Pelham family until its abandonment in the 17th century. The site is now an ancient scheduled monument.

## Lincolnshire preceptories

Until their disbandment in 1312, the Knights Templar were major landowners on the higher lands of Lincolnshire, where they had a number of preceptories on property which provided income, while Temple Bruer was an estate on the Lincoln Heath, believed to have been used also for military training. The preceptories from which the Lincolnshire properties were managed were:
* Aslackby Preceptory, Kesteven (TF0830)
* Bottesford, Lindsey (SE8907)
* Eagle, Kesteven (SK875672)
* Great Limber, Lindsey (TA1308)
* Horkstow, Lindsey (SE9818)
* Witham Preceptory, Kesteven (SK928205)
* Temple Bruer, Kesteven (TF0054)
* Willoughton Preceptory, Lindsey (SK923931)
* Byard's Leap (SK990494) was part of the Temple Bruer estate.
# Great tower

Great tower may refer to:
* The keep of a mediaeval castle
* Great Tower Activity Centre, a scouting activity centre in Windermere, Cumbria, UK
* Great Tower Neuwerk, Neuwerk Island, Germany
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 11

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 11 (P. Oxy. 11) is a fragment of a lost comedy, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the first or second century. It is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts). The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. The measures of the fragment are 144 by 142 mm. The fragment contains two columns. The text is written in good-sized round upright uncial letters. Accents and rough breathings are given occasionally.
# Gravel Lake (Michigan)

Gravel Lake is a 296-acre (1.20 km$^2$) freshwater lake in the southeast corner of Porter Township near the southern boundary of Van Buren County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The lake is located between Lawton and Marcellus. The lake is controlled and managed by a homeowners association, the Gravel Lake Association.
Located in the southwestern part of the state, the lake is spring fed and has an outlet (spillway) on Idle Ease beach which feeds Saddlebag Lake (and Big Fish Lake) and an inlet from a swamp named Strawberry Lake just behind the northern end of Idle Ease Beach.
Gravel Lake is popular for fishing in the area and the lake contains northern pike, largemouth & smallmouth bass, bluegill, yellow perch, bullhead, white sucker, bowfin, black crappie, and some walleye.
This lake also has a strong bond amongst its residents and many traditions take place every year. Memorial Day Weekend and Labor Day Weekend host many activities, but the most popular is Fourth of July. The Gravel Lake Association sponsors The Paddle Boat Regatta, The 2 Mile Fun Run/Walk, The Boat Parade, and The Kids' Games.
# Paracricotopus

Paracricotopus is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).
* This article related to members of the fly family Chironomidae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Greek legislative election, 1910

The term Greek legislative election, 1910 may refer to:
* Greek legislative election, August 1910
* Greek legislative election, November 1910
# Greek legislative election, 1915

The term Greek legislative election, 1915 may refer to:
* Greek legislative election, May 1915
* Greek legislative election, December 1915
# Parasol Press, Ltd.

Parasol Press, Ltd. was a publishing company founded in New York City in 1970 by Robert Feldman (May 13, 1937 – May 29, 2022).
Parasol Press is known for its early editions of prints by Minimalist and Conceptual artists including Mel Bochner, Chuck Close, Richard Estes, Sol LeWitt, Robert Mangold, Brice Marden, Agnes Martin, Dorothea Rockburne, Robert Ryman, and Wayne Thiebaud.
In the late 1970s Parasol Press published the Rubber Stamp Portfolio. It is a portfolio of 13 rubber stamp prints, in an edition of 1,000. The artists contributing to the portfolio were Carl André, Richard Artschwager, Daniel Buren, Chuck Close, Barry Le Va, Sol LeWitt, Robert Mangold, Sylvia Plimack Mangold, Agnes Martin, Don Nice, Myron Stedman Stout, Tom Wesselmann, and Joe Zucker. A complete portfolio is in the Princeton University Art Museum.
Works from the studio are in the collection of the Allen Memorial Art Museum, the British Museum, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the Harvard Art Museums, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Portland Art Museum, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and Yale University Art Gallery.

## Robert Feldman

Feldman was born on May 13, 1937. He had a career as an enforcement attorney for the Securities and Exchange Commission. In 1970 he left his law career to found the Parasol Press. In 2014 Feldman, along with the mathematician Dan Rockmore, published the Concinnitas portfolio consisting of ten equations selected and hand-drawn by ten mathematicians and physicists. The series of aquatints explores the idea of beauty in mathematics The series was exhibited at variety of museums including the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Feldman eventually relocated to Portland, Oregon, relocating the Parasol Press as well. Feldman died on May 22, 2022, in Portland.
# Park Heung-min

Park Heung-min (born 14 July 1978) is a South Korean boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Parberry Block East

Parberry Block East is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located in White Sulphur Springs, Montana. It was built in 1891. It was added to the Register on April 22, 2009.
It was deemed significant "for its strong association with the commercial history of White Sulphur Springs during the late nineteenth and early-to-middle twentieth centuries" and also as "a fine example of Western Commercial architecture with Late Victorian Romanesque Revival style details."
# Green, Kentucky

Green is an unincorporated community within Elliott County, Kentucky, United States.
A post office was established in the community in 1899, and named for Robert Kilgore Green, an early settler in the area. Its post office has since closed.