OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Psilothrix viridicoerulea

Psilothrix viridicoerulea is a species of soft-winged flower beetle belonging to the family Melyridae, subfamily Dasytinae.

## Distribution

This beetle is mainly present in most of Europe (Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Croatia, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Malta, North Macedonia, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland) and in the Near East. There are also additional localized populations in England, mostly on the southern coastline.

## Habitat

They are quite common in summer on meadows, pastures, and grasslands, to be seen on a variety of flowers.

## Description

The adults grow up to 4.8–6.6 millimetres (0.19–0.26 in) long. The colour of this beautiful insect is brilliant metallic bluish-green. Body is rather long and narrow. Head is slightly longer than wide, with a flat face, large, round eyes and short, green-metallic, hairy antennae, composed by eleven short inwards protruding articles. Pronotum and elytra are thickly, deeply and strongly punctuated and covered of black erect hairs. Elitra are very elongated, square at the base. Legs are long and slender, greenish and hairy. Pygidium (last male tergite) shows a deep but small V-shaped notch. This species is rather similar to Psilothrix aureola.

## Biology

The larvae initially feed on dead insects, then become phytophagous. They bore longitudinal galleries in the stems of some annual weeds (Ferula, Magydaris, Carlina, Cirsium, etc.). Metamorphosis takes place in late winter within. The adults leave the pupal chamber in following spring. This species is often associated with graminaceous grasses.

## Gallery

* Mating couple
* Feeding on pollen of Aizoanthemum hispanicum
* Mounted specimen
# Ptosanthus helvus

Ptosanthus planifrons is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Ptosanthus of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, South Africa.
# Jørn H. Sværen

Jørn Henrik Sværen (born 12 November 1974) is a Norwegian author, publisher, translator and musician. He ran the small press H Press from 2004–2009, and currently runs England Forlag (England Press). He has been a member of the band Ulver since 2000.
In 2011, Kolon Forlag published Dronning av England, a collection of Sværen's texts originally published in journals and catalogues, as well as handmade chapbooks from England Forlag. Queen of England, Sværen's translation of the book into English, was published by Black Square Editions in January 2017. In 2020, Kolon Forlag published a second collection of Sværen's works, Britisk museum (British Museum).
Sværen was the editor of Den engelske kanal (The English Channel), an annual poetry journal dedicated to Scandinavian poetry and international poetry in translation, published by Kolon Forlag from 2013–2019. In 2020, Sværen started a new publishing project, Gresshoppene har ingen konge (The Locusts Have No King), a magazine printed at irregular intervals in other Scandinavian literary magazines.
# Pterolophia varians

Pterolophia varians is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# Pterolophia varipennis

Pterolophia varipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1865.
# Pterolophia variantennalis

Pterolophia variantennalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1970. It is known from Taiwan.
# Pueblito, New Mexico

Pueblito is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 91 as of the 2010 census. Pueblito was settled in the 1850s by former residents of La Parida, which was flooded by the Rio Grande.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of 0.609 square miles (1.58 km$^2$), all land.

## Education

The community is in Española Public Schools. The comprehensive public high school is Española Valley High School.
# Pu (Chinese surname)

Pu is the Pinyin transcription of a number of distinct Chinese surnames, including:
* Chinese: 蒲; pinyin: Pú; Cantonese Yale: Pòuh; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phô, meaning "reed" or "rush". According to the Lushi, this character was adopted as a surname during the Xia dynasty by the Youhu clan (有扈氏) due to the rushes which grew in their family gardens. It is the 269th character in the Hundred Family Surnames.
* Chinese: 浦; pinyin: Pǔ; Cantonese Yale: Pòuh. This is a toponymic surname, from the Pu River (浦江) in Shandong. According to the Xingshi Kaolue (姓氏考略), descendants of Jiang Ziya who lived on the banks of the Pu River changed their surname from Jiang to Pu. It is the 318th character in the Hundred Family Surnames.
* Chinese: 濮; pinyin: Pú; Cantonese Yale: Buhk. This is also a toponymic surname, from the Pu River (濮水) in Henan; it was also used to write the name of a vassal state of the State of Qi. People with this surname spread out from there to Puyang and Hua Counties in Henan. It is the 309th character in the Hundred Family Surnames.
* Chinese: 朴; pinyin: Pǔ; Cantonese Yale: Pok; meaning Celtis sinensis (a kind of tree). This is used to write the Korean surname Park. It is pronounced "Piáo" in China.
* Chinese: 普; pinyin: Pǔ; Cantonese Yale: Pok
These surnames may also be transcribed as Poo. People with these surnames include:

## Notable people
### 蒲

* Pu Songling (蒲松齡; 1640–1715), Qing dynasty Chinese writer
* Pu Hua (蒲華; 1834–1911), Qing dynasty Chinese landscape painter and calligrapher
* Pao Ming Pu (蒲保明; 1910–1988), Chinese mathematician, pioneer of systolic geometry
* Pu Tiansheng (蒲添生; 1912–1996), Taiwanese sculptor
* Mu-chou Poo (蒲慕州; born 1952), Taiwanese Egyptologist
* Pu Tze-chun (蒲澤春, born 1956), Republic of China Navy admiral
* Pu Zhongjie (蒲忠杰; born 1963), Chinese businessman
* Ai-jen Poo (蒲艾真; born 1974), American labour activist
* Pu Jun Jin (蒲俊錦; born 1984), Chinese racing driver

### 浦

* Pu Wei (浦瑋; born 1980), Chinese football (soccer) player
* Pu Qiongying (浦瓊英; 1916–2009), birth name of Zhuo Lin, last wife of Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping
* Pu Zhiqiang (浦志强; born 1965), Chinese civil rights lawyer

### 樸

* Pu Shu (樸樹; born 1973), Chinese singer

### 濮

* Pu Shunqing (濮舜卿, 1902–?), Chinese screenwriter and playwright
* Pu Cunxin (濮存昕; born 1953), Chinese stage actor

### 普

* Pu Chaozhu (普朝柱; 1929-2002), Chinese Communist Party politician from Yunnan
* Pu Yixian (普译娴, born 1992), Chinese road cyclist

### Unknown

* Chermaine Poo (born 1978), Malaysian actress
* Pu Yiqi (born 1981), Chinese former swimmer who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics
* Pu Qifeng (born 1986), Chinese sport shooter
* Cliff Pu (born 1998), Canadian ice hockey player
* Sam Poo (1838–1865), Chinese bushranger in New South Wales, Australia
# Pu (Indian given name)

Pu is an Indian given name shared by several people, including:
* Pu Laldenga (c. 1930–1990), Chief Minister of Mizoram state in northeastern India from 1986 till 1988
* Pu Lalhmingthanga (born 1940), chief of the Mizoram People's Conference
* Pu Lalthanhawla (born 1942), Chief Minister of Mizoram since 2008
* Pu Ziona (born 1944/1945), head of Pu Chana páwl, a Christian sect formed in June 1942 in Mizoram state of India
* Pu Zoduha (1940–2013), Indian politician
* Pu Zoramthanga (born 1944), Chief Minister of Mizoram, India, from December 1998 to December 2008
# Pseudostomatella cycloradiata

Pseudostomatella cycloradiata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

## Description

The maximum reported size of the shell is 5 mm

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Lesser Antilles (Virgin Islands: St. Croix; Antigua)
# Pseudostomella

Pseudostomella is a genus of worms belonging to the family Thaumastodermatidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Pseudostomella andamanica Rao, 1993
* Pseudostomella cataphracta Ruppert, 1970
* Pseudostomella cheraensis Priyalakshmi, Menon & Todaro, 2007
* Pseudostomella dolichopoda Todaro, 2012
* Pseudostomella etrusca Hummon, Todaro & Tongiorgi, 1993
* Pseudostomella faroensis Clausen, 2004
* Pseudostomella indica Rao, 1970
* Pseudostomella klauserae Hochberg, 2002
* Pseudostomella koreana Lee & Chang, 2002
* Pseudostomella longifurca Lee & Chang, 2002
* Pseudostomella malayica Renaud-Mornant, 1967
* Pseudostomella mandela Todaro, Perissinotto & Bownes, 2015
* Pseudostomella megapalpator Hochberg, 2002
* Pseudostomella plumosa Ruppert, 1970
* Pseudostomella roscovita Swedmark, 1956
* Pseudostomella squamalongispinosa Araujo, Balsamo & Garraffoni, 2013
* Pseudostomella triancra Hummon, 2008
# Pseudostomatella orbiculata

Pseudostomatella orbiculata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

## Distribution

This marine species is found in raised beach deposits off the Algoa Bay along the South African east coast.
# Ptochoryctis simbleuta

Ptochoryctis simbleuta is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1907. It is found Assam, India.
The wingspan is 11–17 mm. The forewings are white, with some irregularly scattered black scales, especially in the disc. There is a patch of cloudy fuscous suffusion extending from the disc beyond the middle to the tornus and there is a pre-marginal series of black dots from four-fifths of the costa to the tornus. The hindwings are pale grey.
The larvae feed beneath a web covered with refuse and pieces of bark, on bark of shoots of the tea plant, eating right through to the cambium, and thus killing the branch or plant. The larvae are brick red.
# Pugliese

Pugliese, meaning of, from or relating to Apulia (Italian Puglia), may refer to:
* Pugliese (surname)
* Salentino dialect (Italian Pugliese)

## Agriculture

* The Apulo-Calabrese breed of pig, also known as the Pugliese

## Cuisine

* Pizza pugliese
* Apulian or pugliese bread

## Military

* Pugliese torpedo defense system, named after Umberto Pugliese
# Puckham Woods

Puckham Woods (grid reference SP010224) is a 32.38-hectare (80.0-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire to the east of Cheltenham near Whittington, notified in 1954. The site (including Scrubs Complex) is listed in the 'Cotswold District' Local Plan 2001-2011 (on line) as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS).

## Location

The woods lie within the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the Cotswold Hills Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA). The site was previously called Puckham. Over the years there have been boundary amendments and review of the operations on the site to protect the special interest of the designation. There are three units of assessment; two are woodland and one is pasture (two fields).
The site is on the edge of the Cotswold scarp and its geology is of the Jurassic time interval and is made up of Inferior Oolite limestone. There is a band of Fuller's Earth in the northern woodland area.

## Habitat and flora

This site is noted for its unimproved limestone grassland, and its flower-rich, ancient semi-natural woodland. So much of this type of habitat has been lost due to changes in land management and land use.
The woods are an example of old woodland which comprises Ash, Oak, Silver Birch, Whitebeam and Rowan. This kind of woodland is relatively scarce in the Cotswolds which is mostly Beech. The forestry practices for the wood have ensured that native species are maintained on the site. Understories include Hazel, Field Maple, Hawthorn, Guelder Rose and Holly. This type of woodland is rich in its ground flora and supports species such as Bluebell, Dog's Mercury, Ramsons, Yellow Archangel and Woodruff. Angular Solomon's-seal is recorded and other similar rarities such as Herb Paris, Lily-of-the-valley, Wood Vetch, Greater Butterfly Orchid and Meadow Saffron.
The pasture faces south to south-east and species include Upright Brome, Tor-grass, Red Fescue, Meadow Oat-grass and Quaking-grass. It is herb-rich and includes Common Rock-rose, Dwarf Thistle, Thyme, Salad Burnet and several species of orchid (notably Pyramidal Orchid, Bee Orchid and Green-winged Orchid. The nationally scarce Bastard Toadflax is recorded.
# Punctapinella braziliana

Punctapinella braziliana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Santa Catarina, Brazil.
# Punctapinella chione

Punctapinella chione is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Pastaza Province, Ecuador.
# Pugnano

Pugnano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of San Giuliano Terme, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 245.
Pugnano is about 10 km from Pisa and 6 km from San Giuliano Terme.
# Pugh's Almanac

Pugh's Almanac was an annual almanac published in Queensland, Australia. It provided a guide to Queensland, and information about the events of the previous year and included several directories of commercial and non-commercial organisations.

## History

It was founded by Theophilus Parsons Pugh, and published from 1859 to 1927.
# Pujiang Town station

Pujiang Town (simplified Chinese: 浦江镇; traditional Chinese: 浦江鎮; pinyin: Pǔjiāng Zhèn) is a station on Line 8 of the Shanghai Metro. This station is part of the southern extension of Line 8 and opened on July 5, 2009.
# Jurassic Park (disambiguation)

Jurassic Park typically refers to the Jurassic Park franchise, a series of books, films, and video games centering around a fictional theme park.

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Novel and film adaptations

* Jurassic Park (novel), a 1990 novel by Michael Crichton
** Jurassic Park (film), the 1993 film adaptation directed by Steven Spielberg, based on the novel
** The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), the second film in the series
** Jurassic Park III (2001), the third film in the series

### Games

* Jurassic Park (arcade game), a 1994 a rail shooter arcade video game from Sega
* Jurassic Park (computer video game), a 1993 Ocean Software game for Amiga and MS-DOS
* Jurassic Park (NES video game), a 1993 video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System
* Jurassic Park (pinball), a 1993 pinball machine from Data East and 2019 pinball machine from Stern Pinball.
* Jurassic Park (Sega video game), a 1993 video game for the Mega Drive/Genesis
* Jurassic Park (Sega CD video game), a 1994 point-and-click adventure game
* Jurassic Park (SNES video game), a 1993 action-adventure video game for the Super NES
* Chaos Island: The Lost World, a 1997 Microsoft Windows game
* Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis, a 2003 construction and management simulation for Windows, Xbox, and PlayStation 2
* Jurassic Park: Survival, unreleased PlayStation 2 game
* Jurassic Park: The Game, a 2011 episodic point-and-click adventure video game
* Trespasser (video game), a 1998 Microsoft Windows game
* Jurassic Park Interactive, a 1994 3DO video game
* Jurassic Park 2: The Chaos Continues, a 1994 Super Nintendo and Game Boy game
* Jurassic Park III: Island Attack, a 2001 Game Boy Advance game
* The Lost World: Jurassic Park (arcade game), a 1997 arcade video game
* The Lost World: Jurassic Park (console game), a 1997 PlayStation and Saturn game
* Warpath: Jurassic Park, a 1999 PlayStation game

### Music

* Jurassic Park (film score), the musical score for the 1993 film, composed by John Williams
* "Jurassic Park" (song), a 1993 parody song by "Weird Al" Yankovic
* "T-Rex [Jurassic Park]", a track by Basshunter from his compilation album The Old Shit

## Water rides

* Jurassic Park: The Ride, a water-based amusement ride located at Universal Studios Hollywood and Japan
* Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure
* Jurassic Park River Adventure

## Other uses

* Maple Leaf Square, a public square in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, also known colloquially as Jurassic Park when hosting outdoor viewing parties of significant Toronto Raptors NBA games
* Mississauga Celebration Square, a public square in Mississauga, Greater Toronto, Ontario, Canada, also known colloquially as Jurassic Park West when hosting outdoor viewing parties of significant Toronto Raptors NBA games
# Justice McKenna (disambiguation)

Justice McKenna refers to Joseph McKenna (1843–1926), associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Justice McKenna may also refer to:
* Sabrina McKenna (born 1957), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii
* Thomas F. McKenna (c. 1912–1996), associate justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court
# Gmina Sulików

Gmina Sulików is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, on the Czech border. Its seat is the village of Sulików, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Zgorzelec, and 138 kilometres (86 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
The gmina covers an area of 95.22 square kilometres (36.8 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,052.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Sulików is bordered by the town of Zawidów and the gminas of Lubań, Platerówka, Siekierczyn and Zgorzelec. It also borders the Czech Republic.

## Villages

The gmina contains the villages of Bierna, Jabłoniec, Ksawerów, Łowin, Mała Wieś Dolna, Mała Wieś Górna, Miedziana, Mikułowa, Nowoszyce, Podgórze, Radzimów, Skrzydlice, Stary Zawidów, Studniska Dolne, Studniska Górne, Sulików, Wielichów, Wilka, Wilka-Bory, Wrociszów Dolny and Wrociszów Górny.
# Mesopotamocnus

Mesopotamocnus is an extinct genus of megalonychid ground sloth that lived during the Late Miocene in what is now Argentina. Fossils have been found in the Ituzaingó Formation of Argentina.

## Etymology

The generic name, Mesopotamocnus, is derived from "Mesopotam", from its geographic provenance, Mesopotamia, which in turn means "between rivers" in Greek, and -ocnus, meaning "lazy" or "slow" which is commonly used to name extinct sloths. The specific name, brevirostrum, means "short snout".

## Taxonomy

Mesopotamocnus (as "Ortotherium" brevirostrum") was originally assigned to the Nothrotheriidae however, the genus Ortotherium is currently considered to be a megalonychid, without being assigned to a particular clade such as Ortotheriinae, Megalocninae or Megalonychinae. Furthermore, most of the genera and species that were traditionally considered nothrotheres are now considered members of the Nothrotheriinae, such as Nothrotherium, Nothropus, Pronothrotherium, Nothrotheriops, and Mionothropus, or as basal Megatherioidea such as Hapalops, Schismotherium, and Pelecyodon.
# Upsilon Tauri

Upsilon Tauri (υ Tauri) is a solitary, white-hued star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus, and is a member of the Hyades star cluster. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.3. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 21.21 mas seen from Earth, it is around 154 light years from the Sun.

## Properties

This is an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A8 Vn. It is classified as a Delta Scuti type variable star and its brightness varies from magnitude +4.28 to +4.31 with a period of 3.56 hours. At an estimated age of 827 million years, it is spinning rapidly with a rotation period of just 0.415 days. This is giving the star an oblate shape with an equatorial bulge that is 9% larger than the polar radius.
Occasionally this star system shares the Bayer designation υ Tauri with 72 Tauri, which is separated from it by 0.29° in the sky.

## Naming

With φ, κ$^1$, κ$^2$ and χ, it composed the Arabic were the Arabs' Al Kalbain, the Two Dogs. According to the catalogue of stars in the Technical Memorandum 33-507 - A Reduced Star Catalog Containing 537 Named Stars, Al Kalbain were the title for five stars : φ as Alkalbain I, χ as Alkalbain II, κ$^1$ as Alkalbain III, κ$^2$ as Alkalbain IV and this star (υ) as Alkalbain V.
# Fanatik

Fanatik may refer to:
* Fanatik (Turkey), a Turkish newspaper
* Fanatik (Romania) [ro], a Romanian newspaper
# Speed cell

Speed cells are neurons whose firing rates depend on an animal's speed through its environment. Together with place cells, grid cells, boundary cells, and head direction cells, they form a part of a larger set of neurons that are involved in cognitive mapping of the surrounding environment. Speed cells are found in the entorhinal cortex.

## Background

With the discovery of grid cells in 2005 by Edvard Moser and May Britt Moser, realized that the grid cells were not alone in deducing the spatial location of the animal. The grid cells used information about direction and speed in order to find the location. The discovery of head direction by James B. Ranck, Jr. located the cells responsible for information on direction of head or heading of animal. The Mosers kept searching for the assumed speed cells and in 2015, were able to prove the presence of such cells in the medial entorhinal cortex.
The speed cells fire in response to variations in speed of the animal. It was also found that unlike place cells, the speed cells are independent of visual cues. Darkness did not influence the firing rate of the animal. Another interesting feature of the cells is that the firing of the cells is better correlated with the future speed of the animal suggesting that the speed of the animal is known in advance by the speed cells.

## Experiment

In the experiment conducted by the Mosers', rats were made to run a constricted 4 meter long track. The module resembled a car from The Flintstones cartoon with no bottom. The rats were guided by this car to run at speed of 7, 14, 21 and 28 cm/s. The firing of the cells was recorded. The rat was awarded with chocolate at the end of the track. In order to eliminate the response of nearby entorhinal cells on the readings, a second experiment was conducted. In this the rats were allowed to forage freely with speed varying from 0 to 50 cm/s.

## Function

The speed cell firing in response to the movement of the animal provides instantaneous running speed to the grid cell. The grid cell in turn uses this information along with the head direction in order to calculate the location of the animal in the cognitive map.
The grid cell along with head direction cells, border cells, speed cells and place cells provide a correlation between different movement aspects of the animal with respect to its environment.
Alzheimer's disease involves damage to the entorhinal cortex. This area contains most of the cells involved in cognitive mapping and this could suggest why patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease tend to forget or become lost. Edvard Moser also suggests that understanding the working of the human GPS can provide cues to understanding other brain functions such as association of smell and memory.
# Queen Charlotte City Water Aerodrome

Queen Charlotte City Water Aerodrome (IATA: ZQS, TC LID: CAQ6) is located adjacent to Queen Charlotte City, British Columbia, Canada.
# Wesselburen (Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde)

Kirchspielslandgemeinde Wesselburen was an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. On 25 May 2008, it merged with the Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde Büsum and the town Wesselburen to form the Amt Büsum-Wesselburen. Its seat was in Wesselburen, itself not part of the Amt.
The Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde Wesselburen consisted of the following municipalities (with population in 2005):
* Friedrichsgabekoog (71)
* Hellschen-Heringsand-Unterschaar (169)
* Hillgroven (86)
* Norddeich (430)
* Oesterwurth (274)
* Reinsbüttel (427)
* Schülp (489)
* Strübbel (96)
* Süderdeich (536)
* Wesselburener Deichhausen (142)
* Wesselburenerkoog (151)
54°13′01″N 8°55′01″E﻿ / ﻿54.217°N 8.917°E﻿ / 54.217; 8.917
* This Dithmarschen location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Finite strip method

The finite strip method is a technique of structural analysis used for bridge and tall structure design as well and in the design of construction components such as steel beams. The technique was first introduced in 1968 and is less powerful and versatile than the finite element method but is more efficient in terms of computation power in some situations.