OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Martin Thomas

Martin Thomas may refer to:
* Martin Thomas, Baron Thomas of Gresford (born 1937), British Liberal Democrat politician
* Martin Thomas (cricketer) (born 1952), former English cricketer
* Martin Thomas (footballer, born 1959), Welsh football player and goalkeeping coach
* Martin Thomas (historian) (born 1964), British historian
* Martin Thomas (footballer, born 1973), English football player
* Martin Thomas (canoeist), French slalom canoeist
# Otto Ernst Lubitz

Otto Ernst Lubitz (1896 – 1943) was a German screenwriter, film producer and production manager. During the 1930s he worked for the Munich-based Bavaria Film. He later became part of the Berlin Film group of independent producers.

## Selected filmography

* A Woman Like You (1933)
* The Fugitive from Chicago (1934)
* The Legacy of Pretoria (1934)
* The Fight with the Dragon (1935)
* The King's Prisoner (1935)
* The Three Around Christine (1936)
* The Glass Ball (1937)
* The Model Husband (1937)
* Marionette (1939)
* Wild Bird (1943)
# Irton

Irton is a village and civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. According to the 2011 UK census, Irton parish had a population of 312, a decrease on the 2001 UK census figure of 332.
# Qışlaq, Aşağı Amburdərə

Qışlaq is a village in the municipality of Aşağı Amburdərə in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Knowledge (partwork)

Knowledge was a British weekly educational magazine for children which was assembled in blue binders into an encyclopedia.

## History and profile

The magazine was launched by Purnell and Sons on 9 January 1961, as "Knowledge: the new colour magazine which grows into an encyclopædia" (subsequently "the colour magazine which grows into an encyclopædia") at a price of two shillings per issue (the pre-decimal equivalent of 10p; a later re-issued run was priced as 2/6 or 12½p). Sixteen volumes of twelve issues each were initially planned, but two additional volumes brought the total to eighteen. There was also a four-volume alphabetical topic guide in slightly smaller yellow binders, also assembled from parts inserted into the main magazine.
The majority of the covers of the first 192 issues (volumes 1-16) were the work of illustrator Alessandro Fedini, but the covers of the additional issues 193-216 (volumes 17 and 18) depicted twentieth-century events and news headlines.
Knowledge was a British version of the Italian magazine Conoscere published by Fratelli Fabbri Editori of Milan. The concept of a British edition had first been pitched to Fleetway Publications Ltd who turned it down, fearing it would damage sales of their own The Children's Encyclopædia and The Children's Newspaper. Following the success of Knowledge, Fleetway brought out Look and Learn in 1962.
Knowledge sold 400,000 copies and was edited by John Paget Chancellor (1927–2014), son of Sir Christopher Chancellor, father of actress Anna Chancellor and financial historian Edward Chancellor, and brother of journalist Alexander Chancellor. The advisory editorial board of Knowledge was Christopher N. L. Brooke M.A., Violet Bonham Carter D.B.E, Norman Fisher M.A., Walter Hamilton M.A., John Sparrow M.A., L. Dudley Stamp C.B.E. D.Sc., and George Thomson F.R.S. D.Sc. In later editions John Chancellor became editor-in-chief with William Armstrong B.A. as editor and Christopher Falkus B.A. (son of Hugh Falkus) as assistant editor. The magazine ceased publication in 1966.
It was also printed and published as a set of 18 hardcover books, Knowledge: the new colour encyclopaedia (Volumes I–XVIII), that came with an index of all 18 volumes in a separate booklet.
# Mysore Race Course

Mysore Race Course is a racing track in Mysore city of Karnataka province, India.

## History

Mysore Race Course was started in 1891 by the king of Mysore Chamaraja Wadiyar. The original location of the Race Course was near the present J.C.College. In 1920 a new race course was built on a 152-acre (62 ha) land. The races were affiliated to the Royal Calcutta Turf Club. The Bangalore Race Club was formed in 1951 and started to run the Mysore races also. The present race course was leased from the Karnataka government in the year 1977. The new facility of the race course at the foot of the Chamundi hills was built by Krishnaraja Wadiyar in 1906.

## Facilities

There are 250 members in the Mysore Race Club. The racing track is 2,000 meters long and 30 meters wide. The straight is 500 meters.

## The season

The Mysore Derby season is from November to February and again from May to July.
# Henry Burton (Conservative politician)

Henry Walter Burton (December 1876 – 23 November 1947) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.
He was elected at the 1924 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Sudbury constituency in Suffolk, with a majority of 1 over the sitting Liberal MP John Frederick Loverseed.
Burton held the seat until his defeat at the 1945 general election by the Labour party candidate Roland Hamilton.
# Philip Silver

Philip Silver (1909–1999), of New York City, was a philatelist who specialized in the field of air mail stamps, known as aerophilately. He studied air mail stamps and postal history, and wrote extensively on the subject.

## Philatelic literature

Silver co-authored “Eleanor and Franklin D. Roosevelt Stamps of the World “(1965) with philatelist Jan Bart. He contributed to the Scott's Specialized U.S. Catalogue as well as to the Sanabria Air Mail Catalogue. And, for a number of years, he edited The Aerophilatelists Annals.

## Philatelic activity

At the Collectors Club of New York he held every office in the club, including treasurer, secretary, vice president, president, and trustee. He participated in various capacities at numerous philatelic exhibitions, and was also a trustee of the Philatelic Foundation.

## Honors and awards

Because of his extensive work in the field of philately and aerophilately, he received considerable recognition. He was presented with the Richard S. Bohn Memorial Award from Aero Philatelists, Inc. in 1965, the Award for Contributions to Aerophilately from the Metropolitan Air Post Society 1971, the Lichtenstein Memorial Award in 1972, the Gatchell Literature Award from AAMS in 1978, and the FISA Medal in 1978. He signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1978 and received the Luff Award for Distinguished Philatelic Research in 1979. He was elected to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 2002.
# Untersbergstraße station

Untersbergstraße is an U-Bahn station in Munich on the U2 and U7. It is located in Giesing.
# Martin Hunter

Martin Hunter may refer to:
* Martin Hunter (football coach), English football coach
* Martin Hunter (British Army officer) (1757–1846), British Army general
* Martin Hunter (canoeist) (born 1965), Australian sprint canoeist
* Martin Hunter (EastEnders), fictional character in the BBC soap opera EastEnders
* J. Martin Hunter (1937–2021), British lawyer specializing in arbitration
# Horizon Airport

Horizon Airport may refer to:
* Horizon Airport (El Paso, Texas) in El Paso, Texas, United States (FAA: T27)
* Horizon Airport (San Antonio, Texas) in San Antonio, Texas, United States (FAA: 74R)
# Iqmik

Iqmik, also called blackbull, is a smokeless tobacco product. It is used in parts of Alaska mainly among Native Americans. Iqmik is made using a mixture of tobacco and the ash of Phellinus igniarius, informally called punk ash.

## Prevalence

Over 50% of Yupik-Eskimos are reported to consume Iqmik today. A common belief is that Iqmik is a healthier alternative to commercially available dipping tobacco because there are no added chemicals. However, Iqmik is reported to deliver more nicotine than dipping tobacco. Another reason for high rates of use is its tradition in the Native society. Even young children use Iqmik in the remote villages of Alaska. Of all smokeless tobacco use across Alaska, Iqmik accounts for 16% of use.
The ingredients for Iqmik can be purchased at general stores in Western Alaska. Typically, Iqmik is prepared by the user, by purchasing tobacco leaf and punk ash separately and then combining them.
# Kalmyk horse

The Kalmyk horse, also called the Kalmykia horse, is a rare horse breed descended from horses first brought to Russia by the Kalmyk people from Dzungaria during the 17th century.

## History

The Kalmyk is considered part of the group of breeds that includes the Mongolian horse. The original foundation bloodstock brought to Russia by the Kalmyks was crossed with other breeds of saddle horse, including the Bashkort, Kazakh horse, Kabardin, Don horse, Anglo-Arab, and Orel horse. The Kalmyk people became the major supplier of horses to the Russian cavalry from about the mid-1600s until about 1740. In 1688, the Kalmyks drove 6,400 horses to Moscow for sale, and thereafter, Russian officers traveled to the Volga region to purchase Kalmyk horses. Records from the 1730s indicate that Russian merchants spent over 7000 rubles a year on Kalmyk horses for Russian dragoon regiments.
At its peak, the breed may have reached one million horses, but today is nearly extinct. A census in 1803 found over 238,000. However, no known selective breeding had been done since at least 1943, and by 1986, the breed was considered extinct other than through crossbreds. To resurrect the breed, 522 horses were located that still had characteristics of the original breed, mostly in isolated regions, and four breeding farms were set up in Russia to resurrect and preserve the breed.

## Characteristics

The Kalmyk is said to resemble the Kirgiz horse, though taller, with a longer neck, steeper shoulder, and a less steep croup. Their height averages 14.2 to 15 hands (58 to 60 inches, 147 to 152 cm), and some individuals may pace. They are sturdy with good endurance and able to withstand extremes of temperature.

## Uses

The Kalmyk today is used for both riding and driving. It was crossbred with the Kirgiz horse to create the foundation bloodstock for the Siberian horse.
# Knowledge (song)

"Knowledge" is a song by American band Operation Ivy. It was written by lead vocalist Jesse Michaels and appeared on the album Energy.
During the opening of the song at Operation Ivy's last show at Gilman St. (which was released on the Lint Rides Again bootleg), Michaels opens the song by saying, "this song is called 'Knowledge', and it's about growing up."

## Popularity and covers

* The song is one of the most popular songs by Operation Ivy, and has been covered by many artists, including a notable cover by fellow Berkeley musical trio Green Day on their EP Slappy (also featured on the compilation album 1,039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours). When Green Day performs the song live, fans are invited to come on-stage and play instruments. On the Green Day version there is a hidden message when played backwards at the beginning which says "I'm a very stupid person"
* The Aquabats recorded a cover for the Operation Ivy tribute album Take Warning: Songs of Operation Ivy.
* The Menzingers covered the song, as well as Rancid's "Roots Radicals" on December 27, 2012, during a secret show at the Asbury Lanes.
* A Millencolin cover of the song is available on their compilation The Melancholy Collection.
* Even in Blackouts recorded a version of the song for their album Myths & Imaginary Magicians.
* Evergreen Terrace recorded a version of the song for their cover album Writer's Block.
* The Static Locals have also covered "Knowledge", it was also the first thing they have ever recorded.
* Although they have never officially covered it, Rancid, the later band of Operation Ivy guitarist Tim Armstrong and bassist Matt Freeman, often play this song live.
* Machine Gun Kelly used a lyric from "Knowledge" on his song "All I Know", released on his 2020 album Tickets to My Downfall. Jesse Michaels confirmed on his Instagram that the members of Operation Ivy had licensed the lyric to Machine Gun Kelly.

## Personnel

* Tim Armstrong – guitars, background vocals
* Jesse Michaels – lyrics, lead vocals
* Dave Mello – drums, background vocals
* Matt McCall – bass, background vocals
# Henry Burton-Peters

Henry Burton-Peters (12 January 1792 – 24 November 1874 ) was an English Whig and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1830 to 1837.
Peters was the son of Henry Peters and Charlotte Mary Morrison, daughter of General George Morrison.
In 1830, Burton-Peters was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Beverley. He held the seat until 1837.
Burton-Peters married three times. He married his third wife Mary Cartwright in 1870. They lived at 35 Brock Street, Bath.
# Philip Sigismund of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

Duke Philip Sigismund of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (July 1, 1568 in Hessen am Fallstein – 19 March 1623 in Iburg) was a Lutheran administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden and Osnabrück (1591–1623) son of Julius, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Prince of Wolfenbüttel and Hedwig of Brandenburg.
# Unterrothorn

The Unterrothorn (or simply Rothorn) is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking Zermatt in the canton of Valais. It is located west of the Oberrothorn, on the range north of the Findel Glacier.
The summit can be reached by cable car via Sunnegga and Blauherd. The Rothorn paradise is one of the main ski areas located around Zermatt.
# The Very Best of Woody Guthrie

The Very Best of Woody Guthrie is a compilation album by American singer-songwriter and folk musician Woody Guthrie. It was released in May 2005 by Purple Pyramid, a sub-label of Cleopatra Records. The album contains 13 songs recorded between 1944 and 1945, plus a remix of "Worried Man Blues" which features the addition of guitar, acoustic bass, and snare drum.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic writer William Ruhlmann said that "for the most part, this is not the Woody Guthrie of 'This Land Is Your Land', and thus far from his best." Ruhlmann was also critical of Purple Pyramid's decision to add the "Worried Man Blues" remix, calling the result "just as bad as it sounds like it would be, turning this disc into a mockery." Ruhlmann, however, did praise the inclusion of Dave Thompson's liner notes for each song on the album, as well as listings of recording dates and personnel.

## Track listing

* "Worried Man Blues" (Guthrie, Terry) – 3:04
* "Hard, Ain't It Hard" (Guthrie) – 2:44
* "Buffalo Skinners" (Guthrie) – 3:25
* "Pretty Boy Floyd" (Guthrie) – 3:06
* "Columbus Stockade Blues" (Davis, Guthrie) – 2:25
* "Gypsy Davy" (Guthrie) – 2:52
* "Blowing Down That Old Dusty Road" (Guthrie, Hays) – 3:29
* "John Henry" (Traditional) – 2:42
* "More Pretty Girls Than One" (Guthrie, Smith) – 2:19
* "Rangers Command" (Guthrie) – 2:56
* "Danville Girl" (Guthrie, Houston) – 2:51
* "Bury Me Beneath the Willow" (Guthrie, Houston) – 2:46
* "Lonesome Day" (Guthrie, Waters) – 2:54
* "Worried Man Blues" (Guthrie, Terry) – 3:36
Note
* A^ remixed by Danny B. Harvey.
# Horizon Airport (El Paso, Texas)

Horizon Airport (FAA LID: T27), formerly West Texas Airport, was a public-use airport in El Paso, Texas, located 11 miles (18 km) southeast of the central business district on Pellicano Drive about 1.5 miles east of Joe Battle Boulevard (Texas Loop 375). It was privately owned by the family of the late Phil Barrett.

## Facilities and aircraft

Horizon Airport covered an area of 200 acres (81 ha) which contained one runway:
* Runway 8/26: 6,885 x 50 ft (2,099 x 15 m), Surface: 6,885 ft Asphalt / 2,500 ft Dirt
For the 12-month period ending April 28, 2007, the airport had 31,200 aircraft operations, an average of 85 per day, 100% of which were general aviation. There were 90 aircraft based at this airport: 76% single engine, 2% multi-engine, 11% gliders and 11% ultralights.
Horizon Airport was home to the local soaring society for gliders. It previously hosted 1/4 mile drag racing events and featured a cement launch pad and paved staging area. The film Lone Wolf McQuade starring Chuck Norris was filmed at the airport in 1982.
# Ovid Jackson

Ovid L. Jackson, OOnt (born February 3, 1939, New Amsterdam, Berbice, Guyana) is a Canadian politician. He represented the federal riding of Bruce—Grey and Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound in the House of Commons for the Liberal Party from 1994 to 2004.
Jackson, originally from Guyana, was a school teacher at West Hill Secondary School in Owen Sound. He was then elected mayor of the city, serving for 10 years before being elected to parliament in the 1993 election. He lost his seat to Conservative candidate Larry Miller in the 2004 election.
# Iodophor

An iodophor is a preparation containing iodine complexed with a solubilizing agent, such as a surfactant or water-soluble polymers such as povidone (forming povidone-iodine), The result is a water-soluble material that releases free iodine when in solution.
Iodophors are prepared by mixing iodine with the solubilizing agent; heat can be used to speed up the reaction. Besides povidone, polyvinyl alcohol, starch derivatives (e.g. dextrin forming cadexomer iodine), chitosan and cellulose have also been used as solubilizing agents.

## Commercial use

Diluted iodophor is often used by brewers and winemakers to sanitize equipment and bottles. Its major advantage over other sanitizers is that when used in proper proportions, it does not require rinsing. However, it can leave unattractive orange-brown stains on plastic parts and equipment if left in contact with them. It is often supplied in different concentrations and is further diluted with water before use. The label will advise the appropriate dilution ratio, commonly 1:1000 or 1:100. Equipment to be sanitized should be thoroughly clean and left in contact with the solution for at least 2 minutes.
Diluted iodophor is used extensively in the dairy industry for disinfecting milking parlors, particularly in the United Kingdom. Continued use of this disinfectant has helped maintain the high iodide content in UK cow's milk, which was historically important in the elimination of goiter in the UK.

### Application guidelines

Iodophors are most effective in an acidic medium (pH 2 to pH 5) but are effective up to pH 7. It is gradually inactivated by proteins if the pH rises above 4 and is inactivated if the temperature rises above 50°C, as the iodine is driven off as a gas. The optimum concentration is >200 mg/L free iodine with a contact time of 2 minutes and 100 mg/L free iodine for cleaned and dried equipment. In a nonfood-contact application the concentration may rise to 500 – 800 mg/L.

## Human toxicity

"Based on a review of the available toxicology data, the [US EPA] has concluded that iodine and iodophor complexes are of very low toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure."
# Qusays

Qusays is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# KnowledgeWare

KnowledgeWare was a software company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, co-founded by James Martin and run by Fran Tarkenton. It produced a Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool called IEW (Information Engineering Workbench) and a subsequent enhancement ADW (Application Development Workbench). These products contained four modules known as 'workstations': Planning, Analysis, Design, & Construction. KnowledgeWare was sold to Sterling Software in 1994, which was in its turn acquired by Computer Associates.
Tarkenton is credited with having coined, "A fool with a tool is a faster fool" while offering classes at their offices on Peachtree Street.
Tarkenton, Don Addington and other executives were eventually involved in legal actions brought by the SEC for engaging in a fraudulent scheme to inflate KnowledgeWare's financial results to meet sales and earnings projections.
# Vulnerability and susceptibility in conservation biology

In conservation biology, susceptibility is the extent to which an organism or ecological community would suffer from a threatening process or factor if exposed, without regard to the likelihood of exposure. It should not be confused with vulnerability, which takes into account both the effect of exposure and the likelihood of exposure.
For example, a plant species may be highly susceptible to a particular plant disease, meaning that exposed populations invariably become extinct or decline heavily. However, that species may not be vulnerable if it occurs only in areas where exposure to the disease is unlikely, or if it occurs over such a wide distribution that exposure of all populations is unlikely. Conversely, a plant species may show low susceptibility to a disease, yet may be considered vulnerable if the disease is present in every population.
# Plomer

Plomer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Plomer baronets
* John Plomer (c. 1410 – c. 1483), English composer
* Michèle Plomer (born 1965), Canadian writer and translator
* William Plomer (1903–1973), South African and British writer
# Golam Hasnayen

Golam Hasnayen (1929/30 – 4 December 2021) was a Bangladeshi lawyer, veteran of the Bangladesh Liberation war, and recipient of the Ekushey Padak, the second highest civilian award in Bangladesh.

## Life and career

Hasnayen was arrested during the Vutta Andolon in 1967. The Vutta Andolon were a series of riots, after locals fell ill after eating flour imported from West Pakistan, which they believed was poisoned.
He died on 4 December 2021, at the age of 91.
# Ford LT engine

The Ford LT engine (sometimes referred to as the "Dagenham") is a 1.6 litre diesel power inline-four engine used in the Ford Escort as well as its Orion and Escort Van derivatives. It was also installed in the Ford Fiesta Mark 2.

## Design

The LT was designed from the beginning exclusively to be a diesel engine, eliminating any compromises required for a design also intended to run on petrol. It was built exclusively at the Ford Dagenham plant. Design work was carried out with the help of German diesel specialists Deutz, who already had a relationship with Ford in providing engines for the heavier-duty Ford Cargos. Output is 40 kW (54 PS; 54 hp) at 4800 rpm. The crankshaft has five bearings and the glowplugs were of the quicker in-cylinder type, reducing pre-heating times to between 7 and 12 seconds depending on the outside temperature.
# Horizon Airlines (Australia)

Horizon Airlines (IATA: BN, ICAO: HZA, call sign: Horiz Air) was an Australian airline based in Sydney. It predominantly operated night time cargo services on contract to Australian airExpress using BAe 748 and Fairchild Metroliner aircraft but also operated some passenger services. The airline ceased operations in March 2004.
In November 2003 MacAir Airlines acquired the airline.

## Fleet

* 1 – Fokker F27 Friendship
* 10 – Hawker Siddeley HS 748
* 1 – Short Skyvan
* 8 – Swearingen Merlin
# Iolaus bergeri

Iolaus bergeri is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# International Field Archery Association

The International Field Archery Association (IFAA), is an amateur sports association that represents 50,000 field archers in 40 member countries. It was founded in 1970.
IFAA promotes competition between international and national associations and formulates the rules governing international competition. It creates programmes that recognise archers for proficiency in all IFAA sanctioned competitions.
IFAA creates standards that differentiate between the amateur status and professional status of archers for competition as conducted by and/or sanctioned by the Association. It promotes the development, instruction, coaching and spreading of expertise.
IFAA is an international member of The Association for International Sport for All (TAFISA).