OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vern Williams

Vern Williams (born Delbert Lavern Williams) (December 9, 1930 – June 6, 2006) was a singer and mandolin player who was instrumental in introducing bluegrass music to the West Coast of the United States.

## Early life

Williams was born on December 9, 1930, in Newton County, Arkansas (or Bullfrog Valley, Pope County, Arkansas), as part of a musical family; family members (such as brothers Junior and Hairl Dean) played fiddle, guitar, and banjo. Williams started on guitar, then switched to mandolin at age 17. In 1952, he was drafted into the United States Marine Corps and moved to San Diego, California for basic training. After serving at Twentynine Palms, California, he married Marjory Vogler and moved to Stockton, California.

## Vern and Ray

In 1960, Williams formed a duo with fiddler Ray Park known as Vern and Ray. Vern and Ray became one of the most successful bluegrass bands in Northern California. According to DJ Tom Diamant, "Anybody who plays bluegrass in the Bay area and sings the tenor part has been influenced by Vern Williams. He was one of the greatest tenor singers in history"
Vern and Ray recorded one studio album, Sounds From the Ozarks, on the Old Homestead label; which is now considered a collector's item. The duo broke up in 1974.

## Vern Williams Band

After the breakup of Vern and Ray, Williams formed the Vern Williams Band, which featured his son Delbert on guitar, fiddler Ed Neff and singer and banjoist Keith Little. The band became known as a "powerhouse bluegrass outfit". In 1980, they signed with Rounder Records and, shortly afterwards, recorded Bluegrass from the Gold Country which is now considered a bluegrass classic. The Vern Williams Band also backed up country music legend Rose Maddox in her latter recordings. The band broke up in 1986.

## Legacy

Over the years, Williams worked with many younger musicians, both in Vern and Ray, and within the Vern Williams Band, who went on to successful careers of their own including Jerry Garcia, Herb Pedersen, Laurie Lewis, Peter Wernick, Sandy Rothman, and Rick Shubb. Lewis said of her time with the Vern Williams Band, "I was in heaven, with the best seat in the house for that scraped-clean, unvarnished sound" and "Playing with them ... has always been among the highlights of my musical career."
In 1997, Williams was awarded a Distinguished Achievement Award from the International Bluegrass Music Association’s (IBMA), and he was the first to be awarded an Honorary Lifetime Membership in the California Bluegrass Association.
Williams died in 2006 in San Andreas, California.

## Discography

* Sounds From the Ozarks, Vern and Ray, Old Homestead Records, 1974
* Vern & Ray With Herb Pedersen - San Francisco, Arhoolie Records, 1968
* Bluegrass from the Gold Country, The Vern Williams Band, Rounder Records, 1981
* This Is Rose Maddox, Rose Maddox with The Vern Williams Band, Arhoolie Records, 1981
* A Beautiful Bouquet, Rose Maddox with The Vern Williams Band, Arhoolie Records, 1983
* Traditional Bluegrass, The Vern Williams Band, Arhoolie Records, 2004
# Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium

The mission of the Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium (MMRC) is to champion collaboration with and integration across academia and industry and to focus on speed and innovation to bring the most promising multiple myeloma treatments to patients faster. It was founded by Kathy Giusti, a myeloma patient and founder and chief executive officer of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF).

## MMRC model

The MMRC comprises 14 member institutions nationwide that form its clinical trials network. It is led by an executive committee in Norwalk, Connecticut, and a steering committee and progress review committee composed of researchers from MMRC Member Institutions. The MMRC also includes a shared tissue bank of annotated tissue and peripheral blood samples from multiple myeloma patients.

## MMRC member institutions

The MMRC currently comprises fourteen world-renowned academic institutions:
* Dana–Farber Cancer Institute
* H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
* Mayo Clinic
* City of Hope National Medical Center
* Emory University, Indiana University
* Hackensack University Medical Center
* Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
* Saint Vincent Catholic Medical Center
* University Health Network (Princess Margaret Cancer Centre)
* University of California, San Francisco Medical Center
* University of Chicago
* University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center
* Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital
* Washington University School of Medicine.

## MMRC Tissue Bank

The MMRC Tissue Bank serves as a “bridge” between laboratory and clinical research conducted by the MMRC and is a resource to advance the MMRC Multiple Myeloma Genomics Initiative.

## MMRC clinical trials

The MMRC is focused on advancing Phase I and Phase II clinical trials of novel compounds and combination approaches. To date, the MMRC has opened through its clinical trials network 22 clinical trials with industry partners – including Novartis, Celgene, Merck, and Proteolix. MMRC clinical trials are also designed to include correlative studies to better understand what drugs are most effective in treating various sub-groups of patients with myeloma, laying the foundation for the development of personalized medicine.

## MMRC Multiple Myeloma Genomics Initiative

The MMRC Multiple Myeloma Genomics Initiative comprehensive genomic analysis program. It was designed to rapidly accelerate progress made against multiple myeloma by significantly improving the understanding of the biology of the disease. It is spearheaded by the MMRC and in collaboration with the Broad Institute and the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen).
# Wright Meridian

The Wright Meridian was a low floor single-decker bus body built on the MAN NL273F chassis by Wrightbus. The body was essentially the same as the Eclipse.
The first production vehicle was launched as a demonstrator in October 2007. It was later purchased by Whitelaw's Coaches of Stonehouse who ordered a further five. Two Meridians entered service with Newbury Buses in May 2008.
Four entered service with South Lancs Travel in April 2009, around the same time that Premiere Travel of Nottingham acquired two.
# Richard Redgrave

Richard Redgrave RA (30 April 1804 in Pimlico, London – 14 December 1888 in Kensington, London) was an English landscape artist, genre painter, and administrator.

## Early life

He was born in Pimlico, London, at 2 Belgrave Terrace, the second son of William Redgrave, and younger brother of Samuel Redgrave. While employed in his father's manufacturing firm, he visited the British Museum to make drawings of the marble sculptures there. His work The River Brent, near Hanwell of 1825 saw him admitted to the Royal Academy schools the next year. He left his father's firm in 1830 and began to make a living teaching art.

## Career

He worked at first as a designer. He was elected an Associate in 1840 and an Academician in 1851 (retired, 1882). His Gulliver on the Farmer's Table (1837) made his reputation as a painter. He became an assiduous painter of landscape and genre; his best pictures being Country Cousins (1848), Olivia's Return to her Parents (1839), The Sempstress (1844) and A Well-spring in the Forest (1877). Redgrave held three important exhibitions at the Royal Academy and one at Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers.
He began in 1847 a connection with the Government School of Design, as botanical lecturer and teacher, he became head-master in 1848, and art superintendent in 1852. He was inspector-general for art at the Science and Art Department in 1857. The first Keeper of Paintings at South Kensington Museum, he was greatly instrumental in the establishment of this institution, and he claimed the credit of having secured the Sheepshanks and Ellison gifts for the nation. Redgrave received the cross of the Legion of Honour after serving on the executive committee of the British section of the Paris Exhibition of 1855. The income provided for an impressive house at Hyde Park Gate, overlooking the park, in one of the most prestigious addresses in London. His children Evelyn Leslie Redgrave and Frances M Redgrave were celebrated painters.
He was surveyor of crown pictures from 1856–80, during which period he produced a 34-volume catalogue detailing the pictures at Windsor Castle, Buckingham Palace, Hampton Court, and other royal residences.
Redgrave and his brother Samuel were the co-authors of the influential A Century of Painters of the English School, published in 1866, he also wrote also An Elementary Manual of Colour, 1853.

## Later life

He was offered, but declined, a knighthood in 1869.
He died at 27 Hyde Park Gate, Kensington, London, on 14 December 1888 and is buried in Brompton Cemetery.

## Gallery

* Funerary monument, Brompton Cemetery
* Memorial in St Mary Abbots, Kensington
* The Outcast by Richard Redgrave
* Gulliver in Brobdingnag, Victoria and Albert Museum
# Aïn El Ibil District

Aïn El Ibil District is a district of Djelfa Province, Algeria.
The district is further divided into 4 municipalities:
* Aïn El Ibel
* Mouadjebara
* Tadmit
* Zaccar
34°21′00″N 3°13′00″E﻿ / ﻿34.3500°N 3.2167°E﻿ / 34.3500; 3.2167
* This article about a location in Djelfa Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Rissoina tenuistriata

Rissoina tenuistriata is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoinidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off the Aldabra Atoll.
# Pseudorestias

Pseudorestias is a monospecific genus in the family Cyprinodontidae, the pupfishes. The only species in the genus is Pseudorestias lirimensis which was described in 2017. from a type locality given as "Charvinto Creek near to the thermal pond Baños San Andrés about 6 km E of Lirima village, Chancacolla River, Tarapacá Region, northern Chile". It was also found in the Chancacolla River.
# BBC History of World War II

BBC History of World War II (1989–2005) is a 30-hour, 12-disc collection of 10 BBC television films about World War II. The films include documentaries, docudramas, and "dramatized documentaries" (inter-cutting of historical footage with dramatic recreations).

## The films

    1. The Nazis: A Warning from History (1997, 6 Episodes, 290 minutes, 4:3 Full screen, 2 Discs)
      * Documentary on the reasons behind the rise and fall of the Nazis and of Nazi Germany.
    2. The Road to War: Great Britain, Italy, Japan, USA (1989, 2 Episodes, 190 minutes, 4:3 Fullscreen, 1 Disc)
      * Documentary on how Germany, Britain, France, Canada, Italy, the Soviet Union, Japan and the USA entered the war. Narrator is Charles Wheeler.
    3. Dunkirk (2004, 3 Episodes, 176 minutes, 16:9 Anamorphic, 1 Disc)
      * Docudrama on the evacuation from Dunkirk.
    4. War of the Century: When Hitler Fought Stalin (1999, 4 Episodes, 190 minutes, 4:3 Fullscreen, 1 Disc)
      * Documentary on the Russo-German War.
    5. Battle of the Atlantic (2002, 3 Episodes, 146 minutes, 16:9 Anamorphic, 1 Disc)
      * Documentary on the U-boats and the Atlantic convoys.
    6. Horror in the East: Japan and the Atrocities of World War II (2000, 2 Episodes, 98 minutes, 4:3 Fullscreen, 1 Disc)
      * Documentary on the Japanese Army's atrocities in the Asia-Pacific war and why the Japanese fought to the death. Supplements on the Indian Army and the Burma War.
    7. Battlefields (2001, 4 Episodes, 194 minutes, 16:9 Anamorphic, 1 Disc)
      * Documentary on El Alamein, Monte Cassino, the Battle of Arnhem and RAF Bomber Command [Episode Name: "Bomber"] on the firebombing of German cities. Presenter is Prof. Richard Holmes.
    8. D-Day 6.6.1944 (2004, 2 Episodes, 90 minutes, 16:9 Anamorphic, 1 Disc)
      * Docudrama on the events surrounding D-Day.
    9. D-Day to Berlin (2004, 3 Episodes, 150 minutes, 16:9 Anamorphic, 1 Disc)
      * Docudrama on the breakout from Normandy, Operation Market Garden, the Battle of the Bulge and the German surrender. Presenter is Sean Bean.
    10. Auschwitz: The Nazis and the 'Final Solution' (2005, 6 Episodes, 300 minutes, 16:9 Anamorphic, 2 Discs)
      * "Dramatized documentary" on the Nazis' conceptualisation and implementation of the Final Solution.
# Incredible (Ilse DeLange album)

Incredible is the fifth studio album of singer songwriter Ilse DeLange.

## Track listing

* Broken Girl
* Something Amazing
* Stay With Me
* Miracle
* So Incredible
* We're Alright
* Adrift
* Puzzle Me
* Love Won't Hide
* Nothing Left to Break
* The Other Side
* Fall
# Verticordia drummondii

Verticordia drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's featherflower, is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, openly to densely branched shrub with small, narrow leaves and pink to purple flowers in small heads near the ends of the branches.

## Description

Verticordia drummondii is a shrub which grows to a height of 30–45 cm (10–20 in) and a spread of 30–75 cm (10–30 in), although sometimes as high as 1.0 m (3 ft) and which has a single, sometimes highly branched stem at its base. Its leaves are narrow egg-shaped, 1.5–3.5 mm (0.06–0.1 in) long with a rounded end but with a very short point.
The flowers are scented and arranged in spike-like groups, each flower on a stalk 1.5–2.0 mm (0.06–0.08 in) long. The floral cup is top-shaped, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long, glabrous with 5 ribs and small green appendages. The sepals are pale to bright pink, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long, with 5 to 7 hairy lobes. The petals are erect, pink or white, 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long, roughly circular in shape with a fringe about 2–2.3 mm (0.08–0.09 in) long. The style is curved, 5–6 mm (0.2–0.2 in) long and has hairs 0.4 mm (0.02 in) long and a slightly enlarged stigma. Flowering time is from December to April.

## Taxonomy and naming

Verticordia drummondii was first formally described by Johannes Conrad Schauer in 1840 from a collection made by James Drummond and the description was published in Monographia Myrtacearum Xerocarpicarum. The specific epithet (drummondii) honours the collector of the type specimen.

## Distribution and habitat

This verticordia grows in sand in low-lying heath and woodland, sometimes in gravelly soil in open woodland. It occurs in near-coastal areas between the Moore River and Mandurah, including the Perth metropolitan area. It is found in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions.

## Conservation

Verticordia drummondii is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## Use in horticulture

This species can be propagated fairly easily from both cuttings and seed and has grown well in a wide range of soil types. Plants grow best in a sunny situation, respond well to pruning and are both drought and moderately frost tolerant. Cultivation in summer-rainfall areas such as Sydney is more difficult.
# Multiple Michael/aldol reaction

Multiple Michael/aldol reaction (or domino Michael/aldol reaction) is a consecutive series of reactions composed of either Michael addition reactions or aldol reactions. More than two steps of reaction are usually involved. This reaction has been used for synthesis of large macrocyclic or polycyclic ring structures.
Gary Posner and co-workers were the first to report using multiple Michael/aldol reactions to construct macrolide structures. Their method utilized a Michael-Michael-Michael-ring closure (MIMI-MIRC) or a Michael-Michael-aldol-ring closure annulation sequences to assemble acrylates and/or aldehydes together to form substituted 9-, 10-, and 11-membered macrolide structures. Besides synthesis of complex ring structures, multiple Michael/aldol reaction can also be used for rapid production of complex compound libraries.
Aldolases have been used to mediate multiple aldol reactions. Chi-Huey Wong and co-workers had shown that 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase and fructose-1, 6-diphosphate aldolase could be used together in a one-pot reaction to connect two aldehydes and one ketone together through sequential aldol reactions. This reaction could be used to generate a variety of carbohydrate derivatives.
# Wynia

Wynia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ann Wynia (born 1943), American politician
* Gerben Wynia (born 1958), Dutch literary essayist and biographer
* Matthew K. Wynia (born 1964), American physician and bioethicist
# Kozluk, Düzce

Kozluk is a village in the Düzce District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 156 (2022).
# B. R. Kavade

Bhanudas Ramchandra Kavade (6 December 1923 – 2006) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Indian National Congress. He died in 2006.
# Rissoina tongunensis

Rissoina tongunensis is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoinidae.
# Pterolophia villaris

Pterolophia villaris is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1865.
# Roland Nugent

Sir Roland Thomas Nugent, 1st Baronet (19 June 1886 – 18 August 1962) was an Ulster Unionist Party politician from Northern Ireland. He was a member of the Senate of Northern Ireland from 1936 until his resignation in 1961. He served as Deputy Speaker (1938–1939 and 1944), Leader (1944–1950) and Speaker (1950–1961).

## Life

Born in Portaferry, Nugent studied at Eton College, Trinity College, Cambridge, and the University of Bonn. He joined the diplomatic service in 1910, transferring to the Foreign Office in 1913. During World War I, he served with the Grenadier Guards.
He was director of the Federation of British Industries 1916–17 and 1919–32.
Having been knighted in 1929, Nugent was created a baronet in 1961.

## Family

Nugent married Cynthia Maud Ramsden, daughter of Captain Frederick William Ramsden and Lady Elizabeth Maud Conyngham (the daughter of The 3rd Marquess Conyngham) on 25 September 1917. The couple had three children; both his sons were killed in action in World War II:
* Elizabeth Anne Nugent (born 10 March 1919)
* Lieutenant Patrick Edmund Charles Nugent (4 November 1920 – 27 April 1943)
* Lieutenant John Andrew Nugent (1 September 1925 – 5 October 1944)
# Incredible (Mary Mary album)

Incredible is the second studio album by American duo Mary Mary. It was released by Columbia Records on July 16, 2002 in the United States. Originally titled The Evolution of Mary Mary, the duo reteamed with Warryn Campbell to work on the majority of the album, with Charlie Bereal, Kenny Bereal, Mike City and Rodney Jerkins providing additional production. Incredible peaked at number 20 on the US Billboard 200, selling 43,000 copies in its first week, and was eventually certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album features the singles "In the Morning" and "I Try".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Cross Rhythms | |
Tim A. Smith from Allmusic found that the project's "music aptly fits its title, Incredible. Superstar producer Warryn Campbell [...] once again works his magic. These sisters rock." Cross Rhythms editor Tony Cummings felt that "with their second project Erica and Tina Campbell cover just about every musical base – banging hip hop beats, black church rave ups, soulful ballads and funky R&B grooves while their lyrics are never less than uplifting."

## Chart performance

Incredible debuted and peaked at number 20 on the US Billboard 200, selling 43,000 copies in its first week. The album also entered the top ten of the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and topped the Top Gospel Albums chart. While Incredible charted higher than its predecessor Thankful (2000), it sold significantly less. It was eventually certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), indicating sales in excess of 500,000 copies.
In response to the albums sales Tina Campbell elaborated in a 2005 interview: "The business of music has changed drastically since the first record. There have been huge mergers, the advent of Napster [at the time a music piracy utility], and downsizing of labels. Our second record came in the midst of all of that. When we were performing, people asked when we'd release our second album, even though it had already been out for six weeks. So I definitely think it may not have gotten the push the first one got."

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Pedro Vieira

Pedro Gil Vieira is a Portuguese theoretical physicist who has done significant work in the area of quantum field theory and quantum gravity. One of his most important contributions is the exact solution for the spectrum of a four-dimensional quantum field theory, finite coupling proposal for polygonal Wilson loops and three point functions in N=4 Super Yang-Mills.

## Awards

Pedro Vieira has received these awards:
* 2015 – Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship
* 2015 – Gribov Medal
* 2018 – Raymond and Beverly Sackler International Prize in Physics
* 2020 – New Horizons in Physics Prize, Breakthrough Prize Foundation
# Murchisonelloidea

Murchisonelloidea is an unassigned superfamily of mostly very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks and micromollusks within the clade Heterobranchia.

## Families

* Murchisonellidae Casey, 1904
* Rhodopidae Ihering, 1876

### Families brought into synonymy

* Ebalidae Warén, 1995 accepted as the subfamily Ebalinae Warén, 1995
# Kramer graph

A Kramer graph is a specific multiple-line 2D geometric symbolic representation of the characteristics of intake, scavenging and exhaust components in a two-stroke cycle engine.
They are typically used to visualize the opening time versus area and/ or lift of the following components:
* Intake port / valve
* Scavenging port / valve
* Exhaust port / valve
* Reed inlet valve
* Rotary inlet valve

## Description

These representations are used to describe corresponding changes in crankshaft angle and port-area.
A Kramer graph plots the relation of the open area of various ports with respect to the angle of the crankshaft in a two-stroke engine. So that upon completion of the cycle (one revolution of 360°) there has been no net change in state of the system; i.e. the device returns to the starting position and area which is zero.
They do not show the specific configuration of ports like in a port-map, which enables it to illustrate a more useful visualization of port area distribution,
This could be useful because different types of port configurations could have the same opening time and area.

## Application

In these graphs the X-axis represents the crankshaft angle (θ) in degrees, and the Y-axis represents the open area in any square unit of measurement such as mm². To discern the different types of ports each type is given a designated color.
For example, (commonly used):
* Blue - Intake system
* Green - Scavenging system
* Red - Exhaust system
* Purple - Inlet valve
Many engineers and engine tuners prefer to use the version of a polar graph of this concept to compare different engines to one another. These are commonly called "Kramer cams", referring to a four-stroke camshaft.

## Origin

Kramer graphs are named after Dutch engineer Hans Kramer, who is considered to have been the first to use this type of graph in a publication on the effect of port shape and area on two-stroke cycle engine performance.