OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Time Warp Edit Distance

In the data analysis of time series, Time Warp Edit Distance (TWED) is a measure of similarity (or dissimilarity) between pairs of discrete time series, controlling the relative distortion of the time units of the two series using the physical notion of elasticity. In comparison to other distance measures, (e.g. DTW (dynamic time warping) or LCS (longest common subsequence problem)), TWED is a metric. Its computational time complexity is $O(n^{2})$, but can be drastically reduced in some specific situations by using a corridor to reduce the search space. Its memory space complexity can be reduced to $O(n)$. It was first proposed in 2009 by P.-F. Marteau.

## Definition

$\delta _{\lambda ,\nu }(A_{1}^{p},B_{1}^{q})=Min{\begin{cases}\delta _{\lambda ,\nu }(A_{1}^{p-1},B_{1}^{q})+\Gamma (a_{p}^{'}\to \Lambda )&{\rm {delete\ in\ A}}\\\delta _{\lambda ,\nu }(A_{1}^{p-1},B_{1}^{q-1})+\Gamma (a_{p}^{'}\to b_{q}^{'})&{\rm {match\ or\ substitution}}\\\delta _{\lambda ,\nu }(A_{1}^{p},B_{1}^{q-1})+\Gamma (\Lambda \to b_{q}^{'})&{\rm {delete\ in\ B}}\end{cases}}$ whereas
$\Gamma (\alpha _{p}^{'}\to \Lambda )=d_{LP}(a_{p}^{'},a_{p-1}^{'})+\nu \cdot (t_{a_{p}}-t_{a_{p-1}})+\lambda$ $\Gamma (\alpha _{p}^{'}\to b_{q}^{'})=d_{LP}(a_{p}^{'},b_{q}^{'})+d_{LP}(a_{p-1}^{'},b_{q-1}^{'})+\nu \cdot (|t_{a_{p}}-t_{b_{q}}|+|t_{a_{p-1}}-t_{b_{q-1}}|)$ $\Gamma (\Lambda \to b_{q}^{'})=d_{LP}(b_{p}^{'},b_{p-1}^{'})+\nu \cdot (t_{b_{q}}-t_{b_{q-1}})+\lambda$
Whereas the recursion $\delta _{\lambda ,\nu }$ is initialized as: $\delta _{\lambda ,\nu }(A_{1}^{0},B_{1}^{0})=0,$ $\delta _{\lambda ,\nu }(A_{1}^{0},B_{1}^{j})=\infty \ {\rm {{for\ }j\geq 1}}$ $\delta _{\lambda ,\nu }(A_{1}^{i},B_{1}^{0})=\infty \ {\rm {{for\ }i\geq 1}}$ with $a'_{0}=b'_{0}=0$

### Implementations

An implementation of the TWED algorithm in C with a Python wrapper is available at
TWED is also implemented into the Time Series Subsequence Search Python package (TSSEARCH for short) available at .
An R implementation of TWED has been integrated into the TraMineR, a R package for mining, describing and visualizing sequences of states or events, and more generally discrete sequence data.
Additionally, cuTWED is a CUDA- accelerated implementation of TWED which uses an improved algorithm due to G. Wright (2020). This method is linear in memory and massively parallelized. cuTWED is written in CUDA C/C++, comes with Python bindings, and also includes Python bindings for Marteau's reference C implementation.

#### Python

Backtracking, to find the most cost-efficient path:

#### MATLAB

Backtracking, to find the most cost-efficient path:
# Medina College (disambiguation)

Medina College is a trust-supported secondary school in Newport on the Isle of Wight, formerly Medina High School.
Medina College may also refer to:
* Medina College-Ipil, a school in Ipil, Philippines
* Medina College-Pagadian, a school in Pagadian City, Philippines
* Medina College-Ozamiz, a school in Ozamiz City, Philippines
# Together (Jane album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Together is the first official album by the German progressive rock band, Jane, released in 1972.

## Track listing

All songs are written by Klaus Hess, Charly Maucher, Werner Nadolny, Peter Panka and Bernd Pulst.

### Side one

* "Daytime" - 8:10
* "Wind" - 4:57
* "Try to Find" - 5:27

### Side two

* "Spain" - 11:57
* "Together" - 3:46
* "Hangman" - 9:30

## Personnel

* Klaus Hess – lead guitar
* Charly Maucher – bass, vocals
* Werner Nadolny – organ, flute
* Peter Panka – drums, percussion
* Bernd Pulst – vocals
# GCRT J1745−3009

GCRT J1745−3009 is a Galactic Center radio transient (GCRT), or bursting low-frequency radio source which lies in the direction of the Galactic Center.

## Discovery

A group of astronomers from Sweet Briar College and the Naval Research Laboratory detected transient emission from two sources in 1998 while studying the Galactic Center. They then began monitoring the region specifically looking for transient sources and detected five bursts of radio waves about 1 meter in wavelength (frequency 330 MHz) during a seven-hour period from September 30 to October 1, 2002. The five bursts were of equal brightness, with each lasting about 10 minutes, and occurring every 77 minutes. Like an earlier low-frequency transient discovered by the same group, it was given the designation GCRT, an abbreviation for Galactic Center Radio Transient. The source was also nicknamed a burper. The group found no X-ray or γ-ray counterpart to the object.
Another burst from the source was later found in data recorded September 28, 2003, and a weaker burst was found in data recorded March 20, 2004. As of January 2007, no other bursts have been found.

## Structure

The discoverers argue that if the source is further than 70 parsecs away, its high brightness temperature would require it to be powered by a coherent emission process. (If within 70 parsecs, the source could be either coherent or incoherent.) They also claim that most known coherent emission processes are unlikely explanations for the source. Models proposed by others include a nulling pulsar, a pair of orbiting neutron stars, a radio-emitting white dwarf, and a pulsar precessing with a period of 77 minutes.
# GCR

GCR (or GCRS) may refer to:

## Science

* Galactic cosmic ray, a cosmic ray from outside the Solar System
* Geocentric Celestial Reference System, a coordinate system for near-Earth objects like satellites
* Geological Conservation Review, a procedure of the British Joint Nature Conservation Committee
* Global catastrophic risk, a potential catastrophe that would affect the whole world
* Global Competitiveness Report, a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum
* Glucocorticoid receptor, a cell protein which responds to glucocorticoid compounds

## Technology

* Gas-cooled reactor, a type of nuclear reactor
* Ghost-canceling reference, a television subsignal
* Grey component replacement, substitution of black ink for gray ink in color printing
* Group coded recording, a technique for encoding digital data on magnetic tape or disk

## Transportation

* GCR, ICAO code for Tianjin Airlines, China
* GCR, stock symbol for Gaylord Container Corporation, an American packing material manufacturer
* Great Central Railway, a British railway company
** Great Central Railway (heritage railway)
** Great Central Railway (Nottingham)

## Other uses

* Glass City Rollers, an American roller derby league
* Graduate Common Room, a Common Room (university) for postgraduate students
* Global Corruption Report by Transparency International
* Gray City Rebels, a Brazilian roller derby league
* Green Corn Revival, an American band
* gcr, ISO 639-3 code for the French Guianese Creole language
* Groupe Communiste Révolutionnaire (Revolutionary Communist Group (Lebanon)), a Lebanese Trotskyist group
# Medina collaris

Medina collaris is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Palearctic.
# Megilp

Megilp /məˈɡɪlp/ also known as Macgilp and McGuilpis is an oil painting medium consisting of a mixture of mastic varnish and an oil medium: such as walnut, linseed, safflower, poppy, or black oil (linseed oil) cooked with litharge or white lead. Earlier recipes may omit the mastic and substitute wax.
It makes oil paint thin, glossy and easy to work, with an extremely short drying time; and depending on the formulation, the modern, premixed glazes may help produce the sensation of depth, and help the painter by producing transparency that will hold in place rather than running or sagging, while at the same time sidestepping many of the traditional problems associated with Megilp, seeing how the archival quality of the older recipes is much disputed. Some claim the traditional, hand mixed medium causes paint to become yellow and brittle, while others claim that improperly prepared paint is the cause and that the longevity of Megilp (especially in its premixed glazing form) is excellent.
Victoria Finlay cites Joshua Reynolds as an example of a painter whose reliance on Megilp has detracted from the longevity of his paintings. Specifically, she indicates his painting Girl With a Baby as one which has changed a great deal over time. Megilp was also used by Turner and Sargent.
# Meiju Suvas

Meiju Annele Suvas-Berger (born 22 January 1959), professionally known as Meiju Suvas, is a Finnish singer.

## Career beginnings

Music has been a part of Meiju Suvas' life from a very young age. She started to take piano lessons at the age of four, and later learned to play drums. Suvas formed her first band when she was 13 and made her first demo in 1981. That year she also met with singer Frederik who made her his background singer for the song "Titanic" which was competing for becoming Finland's Eurovision Song Contest entry. While her first double-sided single "Rakastuneet lapset / Jos pyydät yöksi" did not really take off, her second release "Tahdon sinut / Oot paha" made her a household name in 1982.

## Successful years

In 1982, Meiju Suvas released her first album Meiju which sold over 54,000 copies. More albums followed on a steady flow until 2001. Eleven years later, in 2012, she returned with her 13th studio album Missä milloin vaan. In addition, she has released eight compilation albums during her career.
Suvas has recorded several Finnish versions of international songs. Some of the most successful ones are "Viet itsekontrollin" (1984), originally "Self Control" by Laura Branigan, and "Pure mua" (1992), a cover of a Lalo Rodríguez song "Ven, devórame otra vez". In 2012, Meiju Suvas appeared as a featured guest, along with a rapper Stig, on a Teflon Brothers single "Seksikkäin jäbä". In the video, she is seen bathing in a jacuzzi with Stig while singing a sampled line from her 1983 song "Pidä musta kiinni".

## Personal life

Meiju Suvas is married to John "Jontte" Berger. They have two children.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Meiju (1982)
* Pidä musta kiinni (1983)
* Tottakai (1984)
* Rakkauden huoneet (1986)
* Sydän tietää (1990)
* Pure mua (1992)
* Kaunotar ja kulkuri (1993)
* Ystäväsi aina (1994)
* Hokkuspokkus (1995)
* Sukella sieluun asti (1996)
* Sydänmyrsky (1998)
* Taikavoima silmien (2001)
* Missä milloin vaan (2012)

### Compilations

* Tahdon sinut (1992)
* Suomen parhaat (1994)
* 20 Suosikkia – Pure mua (1995)
* 20 Suosikkia – Sydänmyrsky (1999)
* 20 Suosikkia – Viet itsekontrollin (2001)
* Hitit (2004)
* Tähtisarja – 30 suosikkia (2006)
* Juhlalevy Pure mua (2010)

### Singles
#### Featured in

| Year | Single | Peak Position | Album |
| Year | Single | FIN | Album |
| 2013 | "Seksikkäin jäbä" (Teflon Brothers featuring Stig & Meiju Suvas) | 3 | Valkoisten dyynien ratsastajat |
| 2019 | "Keski-Suomeen" (Lord Est featuring Meiju Suvas) | ? | single |
# Meik

Meik is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Meik (1853–1923), British civil and mechanical engineer
* Janet Meik Wright, American legal scholar
* Patrick Meik (1851–1910), British civil engineer, brother of Charles and son of Thomas
* Thomas Meik (1812–1896), British engineer
# GWM

GWM or gwm may refer to:
* Great Wall Motor, a Chinese privately owned automobile manufacturer
* GWM, the Indian Railways station code for Gannavaram railway station, Andhra Pradesh, India
* gwm, the ISO 639-3 code for Awngthim language, Queensland, Australia
# GWP

GWP may refer to:

## Places

* Galbreath Wildlands Preserve, California, U.S.
* Gas Works Park, Seattle, Washington, U.S.

## Science and technology

* Gigawatt-peak (GW$_p$)
* Global warming potential

## Other uses

* Gallup World Poll, a global survey
* Gentle Wind Project, a new age movement
* German Wirehaired Pointer, a breed of dog
* Global Water Partnership, an intergovernmental organisation
* Gross world product, in economics
# G. Ranjith Reddy

Gaddam Ranjith Reddy is an Indian politician and businessman from the state of Telangana. He is the former Member of Parliament from Chevella Lok Sabha constituency. He is the member of Indian National Congress.
Ranjith Reddy announced his resignation from the BRS party on 17 March 2024 ahead of 2024 Lok Sabha polls.
# Fundamental rights of the people of Bangladesh

The fundamental rights of the people of Bangladesh have been namely guaranteed in Part III (Article 26-47) of the constitution of Bangladesh. But the protection of fundamental rights under the Constitution has been inconsistent and that is why, during the period from 2009 to 2023 under the rule of the Awami League-led government, 2,699 people were victims of extrajudicial killings in Bangladesh. During the same time frame, 677 people were forcibly disappeared, and 1,048 people died in custody, according to the Odhikar. Odhikar also said that if the deaths from the anti-discrimination student protests and incidents from 2024 are included, the total death toll would exceed 3,000.
Article 44 of the constitution guarantees the right of every citizen to move the High Court Division in accordance with clause (1) of Article 102 for the enforcement of any of the fundamental rights conferred by Part III of the Constitution. The jurisdiction of the High Court Division of the Supreme Court to enforce the fundamental rights is defined in Article 102 of Part Vl of the Constitution of 1972.

## The fundamental rights of the people

Third part (article 26 to 47A) of the Constitution of Bangladesh mentions the fundamental rights of the citizens of Bangladesh.
    27. Equality before law
    28. Discrimination on grounds of religion, etc.
    29. Equality of opportunity in public employment
    30. Prohibition of foreign titles, etc.
    31. Right to protection of law
    32. Protection of right to life and personal liberty
    33. Safeguards as to arrest and detention
    34. Prohibition of forced labour
    35. Protection in respect of trial and punishment
    36. Freedom of movement
    37. Freedom of assembly
    38. Freedom of association
    39. Freedom of thought and conscience, and of speech
    40. Freedom of profession or occupation
    41. Freedom of religion
    42. Rights to property
    43. Protection of home and correspondence
    44. Enforcement of fundamental rights
    45. Modifications of rights in respect of disciplinary law
    46. Power to provide indemnity
    47. Saving for certain laws
    47A. Inapplicability of certain articles
# Megachile rubriventris

Megachile rubriventris is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Smith in 1879.
# Meilleur

Meilleur (French for better) may refer to:

## People

* Briane Meilleur (born 1992), Canadian curler
* Hubert Meilleur, Canadian politician
* Jean-Baptiste Meilleur (1796–1878), Canadian doctor, educator and political figure
* Jens Meilleur (born 1993), Canadian-German ice hockey player
* Madeleine Meilleur (b. 1948), Canadian politician
* Marie-Louise Meilleur (1880–1998), French Canadian supercentenarian
* Vincent Meilleur (* May 6, 1974) is a French ski mountaineer
# Tofu (disambiguation)

Tofu is a food made from coagulated soy milk.
Tofu or TOFU may also refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media

* Tofu (TV series), a 2015 British online documentary
* Tofu Records, a former American record label for Japanese artists
* The Tofus, an animated series about an environmentally conscious family

## Computing and technology

* TOFU, or trust on first use, a security model associated with encrypted communication protocols
* Slang for a small rectangle used to represent a character that has no printable font
** .notdef, a character within a font used for this purpose
* Tofu, Internet slang for top-posting in e-mail and in Web forums
* Tofu, short for Torus fusion, a supercomputer network topology
# Toftøya

Toftøya or Toftarøyna is an island in Øygarden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.

## Geography

The 9.1-square-kilometre (3.5 sq mi) island lies just south of the large island of Sotra, along the northern side of the Korsfjorden. The village of Klokkarvik lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the island.
The island is connected to Sotra by a bridge on County Road 200. The island has 3 main village areas: Hummelsund (on the south side), Vikso (on the southwest side), and Tofta (on the west side).
# Tmesisternus lictorius

Tmesisternus lictorius is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1867.
# Tmesisternus lucens

Tmesisternus lucens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1970.
# Toilet paper (disambiguation)

Toilet paper (also toilet roll in the UK) is a soft tissue paper product used to maintain personal hygiene.
"Toilet paper" may also refer to:
* "Toilet Paper" (South Park episode), an episode of the animated television series
* Toiletpaper (magazine), a biannual Italian photography magazine
# Megarian Treasury (Delphi)

The Megarian Treasury was a building situated within the sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi, to the north of the Siphnian Treasury along the Sacred Way. On its façade have been inscribed 26 inscriptions referring to the citizens of Megara, a fact which led to the secure identification of the monument.

## Description

Within the archaeological site of Delphi, in the sanctuary of Apollo, along the Sacred Way and to the north of the Siphnian Treasury are preserved architectural remains of a building which has been identified as the treasury of the Megarians. The building consists of two parts. The earlier phase dates to the end of the 6th or the beginning of the 5th century BC. It was a building of the Doric order, made of porous stone, possibly distyle in antis. The building had a vestibule 2 meters long and a cella of 5 meters. Parts of the foundation were maintained, but at a later stage, possibly in the 5th or in the beginning of the 4th century BC, there was erected a second building of a trapezoid plan. Its façade was made of dark limestone. Inscriptions were carved on it, mostly honorary, of which the majority (26 in number) refer to the city and the citizens of Megara. In 1975–76 the Wall of the Megarians and part of the building was restored at the expense of the Municipality of Megara.
# Tobias Schneebaum

Tobias Schneebaum (March 25, 1922 – September 20, 2005) was an American artist, anthropologist, and AIDS activist. He is best known for his experiences living and traveling among the Harakmbut people of Peru, and the Asmat people of Papua, Indonesia.

## Early life

Schneebaum was born into a family of Jewish emigres from Poland in New York City. Schneebaum's father Jacob (known as Yankle) emigrated to America from Poland just before World War I, in which he served in order to get U.S. citizenship. His mother, Riftcha, emigrated in 1913.
He was born as Toivele Schneebaum on Manhattan's Lower East Side and grew up in Brooklyn. A school official later changed this to Theodore Schneebaum, by which he was known by friends and family throughout his childhood. (He later changed his name legally to Tobias.) In 1939 he graduated from the Stuyvesant High School, moving on to the City College of New York, graduating in 1943 after majoring in mathematics and art. During World War II he served as a radar repairman in the U.S. Army.

## Travels

In 1947, after briefly studying painting with Rufino Tamayo at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, Schneebaum went to live and paint in Mexico for three years, living among the Lacandon tribe. In 1955 he won a Fulbright fellowship to travel and paint in Peru. After hitch-hiking from New York to Peru, he lived with the Harakmbut people for seven months, and said he had joined the tribe in cannibalism on one occasion.
He recounted his journey into the jungles of Peru in the 1969 memoir Keep the River on Your Right.
Until 1970 he was the designer at Tiber Press, then in 1973 he embarked on his third overseas trip to Papua, then known as Irian Jaya, where he lived with the Asmat people on the south-western coast. He helped establish the Asmat Museum of Culture and Progress.
In 1999, he revisited both Irian Jaya and Peru for a documentary film, Keep the River on Your Right: A Modern Cannibal Tale.

## Later life

Schneebaum spent the final years of his life in Westbeth Artists Community, an artists' commune in Greenwich Village, New York City, also home to Merce Cunningham and Diane Arbus, and died in 2005 in Great Neck, New York of Parkinson's disease. He bequeathed his renowned Asmat shield collection to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and his personal papers are preserved within the Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection in Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Studies.

## Awards

Schneebaum received a Master of Arts in anthropology at The New School in New York City, and another from Goddard College, Plainfield, Vermont.
# Melanostomias melanops

Melanostomias melanops is a species of fish endemic to the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. It occurs in depths of 350 to 1,024 m (1,148 to 3,360 ft), meaning they are a bathypelagic fish. Its hue is black and it has dark blotches. It has 13 and 15 dorsal and anal soft rays, respectively. The longest specimen was 26 cm (10 in) in length.
# Melanostomias globulifer

Melanostomias globulifer, the brightchin dragonfish, is a species of fish native to the Western Pacific. It's a mesopelagic fish and is found in depths of 544 m (1,785 ft).
# Félix Gaudin

Félix Gaudin (10 February 1851 in Paris–15 September 1930 in Châtenoy-le-Royal) was a stained glass artist in France. He was the father of Jean Gaudin and grandfather of Pierre Gaudin.
Gaudin was an early employer of Jean Baptiste Guth.
# Tola-Binyeri District

Tola-Binyeri is a district in the Mayo Belwa local government area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. It stretches alongside the Shebshi Mountain. It has a District Head.

## Villages

* Gambe
# Félicien Tramel

Félicien Tramel, often known simply as Tramel, (1880–1948) was a French film actor.

## Selected filmography

* The Crime of Bouif (1922)
* The Crystal Submarine (1927)
* The Mystery of the Eiffel Tower (1928)
* The Best Mistress (1929)
* Bouif's Daughter (1931)
* English As It Is Spoken (1931)
* Cognasse (1932)
* Crainquebille (1933)
* The Crime of Bouif (1933)
* The Porter from Maxim's (1933)
* Crainquebille (1934)
* The Fraudster (1937)
* The Mondesir Heir (1940)
* The Italian Straw Hat (1941)
* The Inevitable Monsieur Dubois (1943)
* A Dog's Life (1943)
* Mistral (1943)
* The Idiot (1946)
* Distress (1946)
* Last Refuge (1947)
* Mirror (1947)
* Are You Sure? (1947)
# Félicien Van De Putte

Félicien Van De Putte (born 1898, date of death unknown) was a Belgian long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Tolosa, Buenos Aires

Tolosa is a town located in the La Plata Partido of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is part of the Greater La Plata metropolitan area.
Tolosa is the birthplace of former President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.