OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paradummy

A paradummy is a military deception device first used in World War II, intended to imitate a drop of paratroop attackers. This can cause the enemy to shift forces or fires unnecessarily, or lure enemy troops into staged ambushes.
The dolls used for Operation Titanic were nicknamed Rupert by British troops and Oscar by American troops. The official name was "Device Camouflage No. 15". They were made of burlap and filled with straw or green waste. The dolls were immobile and about 85 cm tall, consequently smaller than a person, but on the ground during twilight it was difficult to discern the difference between them and real parachutists. The dummies contained explosives which detonated on impact with the ground, in order to confuse nearby defenders. In addition, real parachutists would hang motionless from their parachutes during the jump, so that the ground troops could not discern them from real jumpers or comrades who had been shot while airborne.
Some were found in a warehouse on an old British airfield in the 1980s. Some of the original dolls from this find are now exhibited in war museums.
# Mercyhurst Lakers ice hockey

Mercyhurst Lakers ice hockey may refer to either of the ice hockey teams that represent Mercyhurst University:
* Mercyhurst Lakers men's ice hockey
* Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey
# Meow Meow

Meow Meow may refer to:
* Melissa Madden Gray, Australian cabaret performer, stage name Meow Meow
* "Meow Meow", song from the soundtrack of the 2009 Tamil film Kanthaswamy
* Mephedrone, a synthetic stimulant
# Merna

Merna may refer to:
* Merna (name)
* Merna, Illinois, an unincorporated community in the United States
* Merna, Nebraska, a village in the United States
* Merna Mora, a pastoral lease in Australia
* Miren (Italian: Merna), an urbanized settlement in Slovenia, on the border with Italy
# Mesorhizobium gobiense

Mesorhizobium gobiense is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from desert soils in the Xinjiang region in China.
# Meredith graph

In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Meredith graph is a 4-regular undirected graph with 70 vertices and 140 edges discovered by Guy H. J. Meredith in 1973.
The Meredith graph is 4-vertex-connected and 4-edge-connected, has chromatic number 3, chromatic index 5, radius 7, diameter 8, girth 4 and is non-Hamiltonian. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.
Published in 1973, it provides a counterexample to the Crispin Nash-Williams conjecture that every 4-regular 4-vertex-connected graph is Hamiltonian. However, W. T. Tutte showed that all 4-connected planar graphs are hamiltonian.
The characteristic polynomial of the Meredith graph is $(x-4)(x-1)^{10}x^{21}(x+1)^{11}(x+3)(x^{2}-13)(x^{6}-26x^{4}+3x^{3}+169x^{2}-39x-45)^{4}$.

## Gallery

* The chromatic number of the Meredith graph is 3.
* The chromatic index of the Meredith graph is 5.
# Gameplay (disambiguation)

Gameplay refers to the way a player interacts with a game.
Gameplay may also refer to:
* GamePlay (magazine), a Croatian video game magazine published from 2002 to 2011
* Gameplay (magazine), a Ukrainian video game magazine published from 2005 to 2010
* Emergent gameplay
* GamePlay, a chain of video arcades located inside Walmart
# Mesosiderite

Mesosiderites are a class of stony–iron meteorites consisting of about equal parts of metallic nickel-iron and silicate. They are breccias with an irregular texture; silicates and metal occur often in lumps or pebbles as well as in fine-grained intergrowths. The silicate part contains olivine, pyroxenes, and Ca-rich feldspar and is similar in composition to eucrites and diogenites.
They are a rare type of meteorite; as of November 2014 only 208 are known (of which 56 come from Antarctica) and only 7 of these are observed falls. On the other hand, some mesosiderites are among the largest meteorites known.
At Vaca Muerta in the Atacama Desert in Chile, many fragments with a total mass of 3.8 tons were found in a large strewnfield. They were first discovered in the 19th century by ore prospectors who mistook the shiny metal inclusions for silver and thought they had found an outcrop of a silver ore deposit. Later when an analysis was made and nickel-iron was found, the true nature as a meteorite was established. The meteorite was called Vaca Muerta. The picture at right shows a cut and polished piece of Vaca Muerta.
The most recent fall of a mesosiderite occurred at Dong Ujimqin Qi in China, on September 7, 1995, where three large pieces with a total mass of 129 kilograms (284 lb) fell. The fall of the Estherville mesosiderite in Iowa, US occurred on May 10, 1879. After a brilliant fireball had been seen, a shower of several large masses and many small fragments fell, totaling 320 kilograms (710 lb). The fall at Lowicz in Poland on March 12, 1935, yielded many (more than 50) fragments with a total weight of 59 kilograms (130 lb). The other observed mesosiderite falls occurred in 1842 at Barea (Spain), in 1880 at Varamin (Iran), in 1933 at Dyarrl Island (Papua New Guinea), and at Patwar (India) in 1935. The legendary Chinguetti meteorite is also supposed to be a mesosiderite.
The asteroid 16 Psyche is a candidate for the parent body of the mesosiderites. However, a reliable delivery mechanism lacks for Psyche, and spectral analysis indicates the mesosiderites derive from the Maria Asteroid Family
# Mesosella kumei

Mesosella kumei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Takakuwa in 1984.
# Mesosignidae

Mesosignidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Isopoda.
Genera:
* Bermudasignum George, 2003
* Costasignum George, 2003
* Japanosignum George, 2003
* Kurilosignum George, 2003
* Mesosignum Menzies, 1962
# Meryl O'Loughlin

Meryl Abeles O'Loughlin (June 8, 1933 – February 27, 2007) was an American television and film casting agent and casting director.
She was born in Chicago, Illinois, and was Jewish. She held positions as casting supervisor, executive-in-charge of talent, casting consultant, and talent executive. She was nominated twice for a Casting Society of America Award in 1997 & 1999 for The Young and the Restless.
Her son, Chris O'Loughlin, was a member of the 1992 U.S. Olympic team in épée fencing. She was the former wife of actor Gerald S. O'Loughlin.
Meryl O'Loughlin died from ovarian cancer, aged 73, in Santa Monica, California.

## Selected credits

* The Outer Limits (as Meryl Abeles)
* The Fugitive
* The Mary Tyler Moore Show
* The Mary Tyler Moore Show
* Sham!
* Mike Hammer: Murder Me, Murder You
* ALF
* Hart to Hart
* Fantasy Island
* Fighting Back: The Story of Rocky Bleier
* Hill Street Blues
* Lucky/Chances
* Alice In Wonderland: Alice Through The Looking Glass
* The White Shadow
* The Bob Newhart Show
* Lou Grant
* WKRP in Cincinnati
* T.J. Hooker
* Tremors II: Aftershocks
* The Young and the Restless
* Taylor's Wall
# Gary Gilmore (disambiguation)

Gary Gilmore (1940–1977) was an American criminal who was the first person to be executed after the US ban on capital punishment was lifted in 1976.
Gary Gilmore may also refer to:
# Gary Gill (politician)

Gary Gill is a former politician from Honolulu, Hawaii. He was a member of the Honolulu City Council between 1987 and 1994, representing Downtown Honolulu's District 6. Gill served as Chair of the Council from October 12, 1992 until July 18, 1994, when he resigned from council to run for Mayor of Honolulu, losing to incumbent mayor Jeremy Harris.

## Career

In 2013, Gill was named interim director of the Hawaii Department of Health after the unexpected passing of director Loretta Fuddy. He had previously served as deputy health director for the environment.
Outside of government, Gill has worked as development director for the Hawaii Sierra Club, program manager for Kokua Kalihi Valley community health clinic, executive director of Waimea Valley on Oahu's North Shore, and program director for Blue Planet Foundation of Hawaii.

## Personal life

Gill is the son of former Hawaii congressman and lieutenant governor Thomas Gill and nephew of Lorin Tarr Gill, founder of the Hawaii Chapter of the Sierra Club.
# Torine Torines

Torine Charlotta Torines, née Torissen (11 April 1876 in Linköping – 5 July 1944 in Stockholm), was a Swedish mechanic, known in contemporary Sweden as "The only female mechanic in Scandinavia" and "Doctor of the Sewing machines".

## Life

Torine Torines's parents managed the Torine's sewing machine's shop. She herself opened her own business as a mechanic in 1891 at the age of fifteen, with her mother as accountant.
The sewing machine had been introduced to Sweden in the 1850s and was from the 1860s onward so common that it was fully possible for her to support herself by repairing sewing machines. In the late 19th-century, female mechanics were uncommon enough for her to be famed as such, and she was quite possibly the first professional female mechanic in her country. She was very successful and worked as a sewing machine's mechanic for 45 years, until she left the business to her children in 1936.

## Legacy

Torinetäppan, a park in Södermalm in Stockholm, was named after her in 1989.
# Gardefort

Gardefort (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

## Geography

A farming area comprising a small village and a hamlet situated some 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D50, D172 and the D10 roads.

## Sights

* The church of St. Martin, dating from the nineteenth century.
* Vestiges of a medieval fortification, the "Vieux Château".
* Another old château.
# Garde du Corps

A Garde du Corps (French for lifeguard) is a military unit formed of guards. A Garde du Corps was first established in France in 1445. From the 17th century onwards, the term was used in several German states and also, for example, in the Kingdom of Two Sicilies for several regiments of heavy cavalry, whose proprietary colonel was usually the sovereign.
* In the Electorate of Brandenburg, the Trabant Guards were given the title Garde du Corps in 1692, but were disbanded again around 1715. In 1740, King Frederick II established a cuirassier regiment as his Gardes du Corps, which existed until the Prussian Army was disbanded in 1918. (Only in Prussia was the unit known as the Regiment der Gardes du Corps, as opposed to simply a Garde du Corps in other German states.)
* The Saxon Garde du Corps was formed in 1620, initially going under various names. From 1707 it was permanently titled the Garde du Corps and was stationed in Dresden and the surrounding area. At the time of Augustus the Strong it was a "double regiment" (Doppelregiment) with 883 men. Under his successors it was reduced in size but remained an elite unit. The officers of the Garde du Corps ranked ceremonially a level above those in other regiments and were also paid more. It met its demise in 1812 in the Russian campaign and was never re-established.
* The Electorate of Hesse, the Landgraviate of Hesse and the Margraviate of Baden were also given a regiment of Garde du Corps.
* The Kingdom of Westphalia and Kingdom of Württemberg each had a Garde du Corps squadron from 1808 to 1814 and from 1809 to 1815, respectively. These wore similar uniforms to the French cuirassiers, but were equipped with half-cuirasses and raupenhelm helmets.
* In the Bavarian Army there was a Garde du Corps regiment from 1814, which was merged in 1826 for reasons of cost with the 1st Cuirassiers.
* The Kingdom of Hanover also had a Garde du Corps regiment from 1816 until the disbandment of its army in 1866. It was housed in a barracks on Königsworther Platz in Hanover that had been converted for the purpose in 1736 from a former mule stables. After its annexation by Prussia in 1866, the King's Regiment of Uhlans took over the garrison.
* Officer of the Electoral Hessian Garde du Corps of cuirassiers
* Underofficer of the Prussian Gardes du Corps of cuirassiers
* Officer and trumpeter of the Garde du Corps of the Kingdom of Hanover in 1835
# Gaslight Tavern

The Gaslight Tavern was located at 1241 Oread (as in 13th & Oread on The Hill), just off the University of Kansas campus in Lawrence, Kansas, and was right next (west) to the Abington Book Shop (the "City Lights" of the midwest) that was owned by the beat poet, John E. Fowler (publisher of GRIST) and wife Sara. The Gaslight was a popular hangout for students and non-students alike over several decades, from the peaceful times of the Silent Generation to the more turbulent times of the Counter Culture.
The Gaslight has been featured in poetry and fiction. During the era of Folk music, the Gaslight opened the stage to local artists. Later, beat poet George Edward Kimball held 'court' at the Gaslight. George was noted for running for Douglas County sheriff in 1970 and losing the race; however, Phillip Hill was voted in, and removed from his office, as justice of the peace.
KU student Nick Rice was shot to death in front of the Gaslight by local police during an anti-war riot in summer 1970. On the night of July 16, 1970, KU freshman, Rick "Tiger" Dowdell was shot in downtown Lawrence.
The building burned in the '70s, under suspicious conditions.
The original location of the Gaslight is now a parking area for the KU Student Union which was burned in the 1970 riots.
In its heyday, the Gaslight, as a bar and grill, offered varieties of 3.2% American lager and adequate hamburgers. Entertainment consisted of juke-box music, pinball machines, and a pool table (and conversation). Live entertainment was not a regular event.

## History

The establishment was known as Oread Cafe in 1918. It was Brick's Cafe in the 1940s and 1950s. In April 1948, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) had a sit-in at the Cafe. The protestors included black and white students. Counter protestors "physically removed the protestors from the restaurant."
From 1963 to 1969, the Gaslight Tavern was owned by Donald L. Ebeling who was known as Cueball. He died in Topeka in 2008. Reginald Scarborough bought the tavern in 1969.

## Gaslight Gardens

The Gaslight Gardens reopened on March 17, 2012 and uses a "European beer garden motif."
Earlier, the establishment was known as Gaslight Tavern for several years, operated in north Lawrence, Kansas as a bar and coffeehouse and offered live entertainment on a regular basis. While the interior only offered a capacity of 39, there was an unusually large patio area.
The Gaslight did not renew their lease for 2009 and was closed temporarily. It reopened on July 3, 2009.
# Meroni doctrine

In European Union (EU) law, the Meroni doctrine, which arose from cases C-9/56 and C-10/56 (Meroni v High Authority [1957/1958] ECR 133), relates to the extent to which EU institutions may delegate their tasks to regulatory agencies. The doctrine is controversial, notably because it would be anachronistic in view of the growing complexity of EU competences.
In the view of some, the Meroni doctrine no longer holds since the 2014 European Court of Justice judgement in the UK v Parliament and Council case on the Short Selling Regulation, where the Court upheld most of the provisions that were delegated to the European Securities and Markets Authority by the co-legislators.
# Garica

Garica is a small village located on the middle of the Croatian island of Krk. It is part of the municipality of Vrbnik. As of 2021, Garica had 138 inhabitants. To the west of Garica is a stone quarry.
# Gariboldi

Gariboldi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gaetano Gariboldi (1815–1857), Italian painter
* Giuseppe Gariboldi (1833–1905), Italian classical flautist and composer
* Italo Gariboldi (1879–1970), Italian general
* Luciano Gariboldi (1927–1988), Italian footballer
# Toudgha Essoufla

Toudgha Essoufla is a commune in the Tinghir Province of the Drâa-Tafilalet administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 12844 people living in 1794 households.
# Toronto Grand Prix

Toronto Grand Prix may refer to:

## Motorsports
### Races at Mosport, part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA)

* Mosport Grand Prix (disambiguation)

### Other races

* Grand Prix of Toronto (Molson Indy Toronto), USAC-CART-PPG-Champ-IndyCar race on the streets of Toronto

## Figure skating
### ISU Grand Prix - Skate Canada International

* 2000 Skate Canada International, in Mississauga, GTA
* 2003 Skate Canada International, in Mississauga, GTA
* 2016 Skate Canada International, in Mississauga, GTA
# Mesophleps apentheta

Mesophleps apentheta is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Australia (New South Wales).
# Torrecillas, Morovis, Puerto Rico

Torrecillas is a barrio in the municipality of Morovis, Puerto Rico. Torrecillas has eight sectors and its population in 2010 was 623. A USDA Rural Development field office is located in Torrecillas.

## History

Torrecillas was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Torrecillas barrio was 572.
Hurricane Maria hit on September 20, 2017, and six months later a community, of about 300 residents in Torrecillas, reported their electrical power had not yet been restored.
A USDA Rural Development field office is located on the Torrecillas side of Sector La Línea on PR-6622.

## Sectors

Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions) in turn are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.
The following sectors are in Torrecillas barrio:
Parcelas Extensión Torrecillas, Sector Cabachuelas II, Sector La Cuesta de los Guanos, Sector La Línea, Sector Las Lajas, Sector Ventana, Urbanización La Línea, and
Urbanización Tulipanes.

## Gallery

* Scenes in Torrecillas
* Hillside on PR-145
* PR-155 and PR-145
* Funeral home in Torrecillas
# Torrecilla en Cameros

Torrecilla en Cameros is a village in the province and autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 30.47 square kilometres (11.76 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 555 people.
# Torrecilla del Pinar

Torrecilla del Pinar is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 284 inhabitants.
# Metlhayotlhe Beleme

Metlhayotlhe Beleme (born 1962, Molepolole) is an Anglican bishop in Botswana.
Beleme trained as an electrician and worked at the Jwaneng diamond mine until 1989. He studied for the priesthood at Lelapa la Jesu Seminary; and at the National University of Lesotho. He was ordained in 1993. He has been Rector of Francistown; Archdeacon of North Botswana; Sub-Dean of Holy Cross Cathedral, Botswana; Rector Tlokweng; Dean of the Cathedral of the Resurrection, Ikageng-Potchefstroom; Rector of Klerksdorp; and, from 2013, Bishop of Botswana.
# Metlichka

Metlichka is a village in Kirkovo Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.
# Gaspare Viviani

Gaspare Viviani (died 25 January 1605) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Anagni (1579–1605), Bishop of Hierapetra et Sitia (1571–1579), and Bishop of Sitia (1556–1571).

## Biography

On 17 July 1556, Gaspare Viviani was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul IV as Bishop of Sitia. On 16 July 1571, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius V as Bishop of Hierapetra et Sitia. On 3 August 1579, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Anagni. He served as Bishop of Anagni until his death on 25 January 1605.

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:
* Giovanni Battista Soriani, Bishop of Bisceglie (1576);
* Giovanni Battista Ansaldo, Bishop of Cariati e Cerenzia (1576);
* Giovanni Bernardino Grandopoli, Bishop of Lettere-Gragnano (1576);
* Miguel Thomàs de Taxaquet, Bishop of Lérida (1577); and
* Mario Bolognini, Archbishop of Lanciano (1579).
# Garwood

Garwood can refer to:

## Communities

all in the United States
* Garwood, Idaho, an unincorporated community in Kootenai County
* Garwood, Missouri, an unincorporated community in Reynolds County
* Garwood, New Jersey, a borough in Union County
** Garwood station, a New Jersey Transit railroad station on the Raritan Valley Line
** Garwood Public Schools, a community public school district
* Garwood, Texas, an unincorporated community in Colorado County
* Garwood, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in Wyoming County

## Geography

* Garwood Glacier, in Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Garwood Lake, in Berrien County, Michigan, U.S.
* Garwood Point, in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica
* Garwood Valley, in Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Lake Garwood, in Victoria Land, Antarctica

## People
### Surname
#### Acting and production

* Kelton Garwood (1928–1991), American actor and father of golfer Doug Garwood
* Norman Garwood (1946–2019), English art director and production designer
* Patricia Garwood (1941–2019), English television, film and stage actress
* William Garwood (1884–1950), American silent-film actor and director

#### Music

* Duke Garwood (born 1969), British multi-instrumentalist
* Margaret Garwood (1927–2015), American composer
* Matthew Garwood, Australian operatic and musical theatre singer

#### Sports

* Colin Garwood (born 1949), English footballer
* Doug Garwood (born 1963), American golfer and son of actor Kelton Garwood
* Len Garwood (1923–1979), English footballer
* Phil Garwood (1939–2011), Australian rules footballer
* Rex Garwood (1930–2007), Australian rules footballer and cricket player
* Walter Garwood (1849–1885), New Zealand cricketer

#### Writing

* Haley Elizabeth Garwood (born 1940), American historical novelist
* Julie Garwood (1944–2023), American author

#### Other

* Edmund Johnston Garwood (1864–1949), British geologist
* John A. Garwood (1932–2010), American politician in North Carolina
* Richard Garwood (born 1959), Air Marshall in the Royal Air Force
* Robert R. Garwood (1946), United States Marine Corps soldier and former prisoner-of-war
* Tirzah Garwood (1908–1951) British artist and engraver
* W. St. John Garwood (1896–1987), American lawyer and judge
* William Lockhart Garwood (1931–2011), United States circuit judge

### Given name

* Garwood L. Judd (1823–1902), American lawyer and politician from New York
* Garwood Whaley (1942), American percussionist

### Other

* Addie Garwood Estes (1868–1928), American temperance activist
* Garfield "Gar" Wood (1880–1971), American inventor, entrepreneur, motorboat enthusiast, and founder of Garwood Industries

## Other uses

* Garwood Industries Minigun, a type of machine gun
* Garwood Load Packer, a type of garbage truck
* John and Cynthia Garwood Farmstead, a historic home and farm located in Indiana, U.S.