OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jens Aage Als-Nielsen

Jens Aage Als-Nielsen (born 21 January 1937) is a Danish physicist.
He took the dr.philos. degree in 1965, was employed at Risø National Laboratory from 1961 to 1995 and was a professor at the University of Copenhagen from 1995 to 2007. He was a co-creator of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
Als-Nielsen received the Hewlett-Packard Award in 1985 and the Velux Foundation honorary award in 2011. He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1996.
# Shadow Cabinet of Klára Dobrev

The Dobrev Shadow Cabinet was a shadow cabinet in Hungary formed by the Democratic Coalition (DK) party in autumn 2022. According to their statement, its purpose was to build a credible alternative to the incumbent Fifth Orbán Government.

## History

On September 16, 2022, the Democratic Coalition announced that it would form a shadow cabinet. The party's presidency asked Klára Dobrev to lead it, and she accepted the request.
On September 19, 2022, Klára Dobrev introduced the 16 members of her shadow cabinet.
Following the party's poor performance (8%) in the 2024 European Parliament election in Hungary on June 9, Klára Dobrev announced the dissolution of the shadow cabinet the next day, on June 10, 2024.

## Members

At its formation, the shadow cabinet had 16 members.
| Portfolio | Shadow Minister | Party |
| Shadow Prime Minister | Klára Dobrev | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Deputy Prime Minister | Csaba Molnár | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister of Finance | Zoltán Bodnár | Independent |
| Shadow Minister of Foreign Affairs | Sándor Rónai | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister for Government Program | Gergely Arató | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister of Interior | Géza Mustó | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister for Wages and Labor | Ferenc Varga | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister of Health | Zoltán Komáromi | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister for Energy and Utility Affairs | László Varju | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister of Economy | Ferenc Dávid | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister of Defense | Ágnes Vadai | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister for Innovation and Artificial Intelligence | Lajos Oláh | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister of Agriculture | Szilveszter Benedek | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister of Education and Culture | Balázs Barkóczi | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister of Local Government | Sándor Szaniszló | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister of Environment and Climate Affairs | Olivio Kocsis-Cake | Democratic Coalition |
| Shadow Minister of Social Affairs and Pensions | Erzsébet Gy. Németh | Democratic Coalition |

### Additional associated politicians

| Portfolio | Name | Party |
| Chief Advisor for Rural Municipal Affairs | Péter Szitka | Hungarian Socialist Party |
| Spokesperson of the Shadow Cabinet | Olga Kálmán | Democratic Coalition |
| Romani Affairs Advisor | Marietta Herfort | Independent |
# European Trotting Union

The European Trotting Union also known by its acronym, UET for Union Europeenne du Trot is the governing body of European trotting. The federations main purpose "is the promotion of trotting races and horse breeding in Europe as well as their integrity and prestige in the world". Its headquarters are in the country of the General Secretariat and the federation's current president is Marjaana Alaviuhkola. UET has 18 member associations.

## History

Before 1973 there were two European trotting federations, the Continental Trotting Union (UCT) and the International Trotting Racing Union (UICT). In 1972, the two unions decided to form one joint federation, UET. Upon the formation in 1973, Pierre de Montesson of France became the first president of UET.

## Member countries

UET has 18 member associations. Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden were the founding members in 1973. Since then have Finland (1974), Switzerland (1975), Spain (1977), Malta (1991), Czech Republic (1998), Slovenia (2005), Estonia (2006), Russia (2006) and Hungary (2008) joined the European Trotting Union.

## Functions

UET's above-mentioned purpose, to promote "trotting races and horse breeding in Europe as well as their integrity and prestige in the world" is carried out through different methods. The organization tries to establish rules that are common to trotting in all Europe. It arranges events and aims to make sure that big races on different tracks do not overlap. Furthermore, UET claims to work against both doping and gambling problems.

## Events arranged by UET
### UET Grand Prix

UET Grand Prix (Grand Prix de l'UET), also called the European Trotting Derby, is an event for European-born, four-year-old stallions and mares. According to UET, the events aim is to encourage breeding. The 2009 UET Grand Prix has a €460,000 purse.

### 3-year-old European Championship

This championship is a race between 3-year-old European trotters (not geldings) that have been chosen to represent their different countries by the countries' national federations. The 3-year-old European Championship was created in 1984 and the 2009 edition has a purse of €150,000.

### 5-year-old European Championship

The 5-year-old European Championship was created in 1967. The competing horses are picked by their national federations. Geldings are not allowed to race in the championship. The 2009 5-year-old European Championship has a purse of €100,000.

### European Grand Circuit and UET Masters Series

The European Grand Circuit was a series of Group I races taking place in UET countries during a year. It was replaced by the UET Masters Series in 2012.

### European Championship for apprentices

The national federations choose apprentices to represent their countries. The competition was founded in 1986.

### European Championship for drivers

The most-winning drivers of the UET countries face each other in this event, which was established in 1969. It is held every two years, in alteration with the world driving championship.
# Jockey Club (Atlantic City, New Jersey)

The Jockey Club was a jazz club at 7 South North Carolina Avenue in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States.
It was one of the oldest jazz venues in the city, operating from the 1920s. According to author Michael Pollock it was "home to mellow jazz musicians and tired prostitutes". "Guitarist Pat Martino notes that Jimmy Smith and Kenny Burrell would frequently play at the club. It was at the Jockey Club that he had first seen Jimmy Smith with Charles Earland.
The Jockey Club was destroyed by a fire in September 1982; the club had been closed for years and was reopened in May 1982.
# Tureholm (island)

Tureholm is a small and uninhabited artificial river island in Bäveån, which runs through the city of Uddevalla in Bohuslän, Sweden. It was created in the late 19th century or early 20th century by the local politician and publicist Ture Malmgren (1851–1922), close to his residence Villa Elfkullen. According to his newspaper Bohusläningen (writing many years after he died), the process of land reclamation took place because Malmgren enjoyed water, and wanted to be closer to the river. According to another author (who also notes that Malmgren would angle fish from Tureholm, where his "grandiose thoughts had free play"), it partially functioned as a wave breaker, preventing the ice of the late winters from pulling the nearby bridge with it. A small bridge is said to have formerly led from the mainland to its now overgrown embankments. The islet was named in reference to Malmgren by his friends. Other places named for him include the ruined Tureborg Castle and the nature reserve Ture Valleys.
# G-loading

G-loading may refer to:
* The act of applying g-force to an object in physics.
* General intelligence factor
# Garae-tteok

Garae-tteok (가래떡) is a long, cylindrical tteok (rice cake) made with non-glutinous rice flour. Grilled garae-tteok is sometimes sold as street food. Thinly (and usually diagonally) sliced garae-tteok is used for making tteokguk (rice cake soup), a traditional dish eaten during the celebration of the Korean New Year. The world record of the longest garaetteok was achieved in Dangjin, South Korea in 2018, with 5,080 metres (16,670 ft).

## Preparation

It is traditionally made by steaming non-glutinous rice flour in siru (steamer), pounding it and rolling it between the palms and the table or rolling it between the palms. The method forms a thick, cylindrical rice cake, around 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) in diameter. Hand-rolled garae-tteok is not uniform in size and has variations of thickness along its length.
Modern garae-tteok is usually made by extruding the steamed rice flour with garae-tteok machines.
# Equilateral triathlon

An equilateral triathlon is a triathlon in which each leg would take an approximately equal time. These triathlons were proposed by Wainer and De Veaux (1994) to redress the bias in favour of cycling over running and particularly over swimming in standard triathlons. Cycling occupies about 78% of the typical race distances, running 19%, and swimming 3%. Based on world-record times for similar distances, cycling would take 54% of race time, running 31%, and swimming 15%.
In Wainer and De Veaux's equilateral triathlons, cycling should take approximately 33% of race time, running 33%, and swimming 33% for a ratio of roughly 1:8:3.5 for distances of swimming / cycling / running. Examples would be:
| Name | Time per leg | Swim | Bike | Run |
| Sprint | 10 minutes | 1 km (0.6 mi) | 8.5 km (5.3 mi) | 3.9 km (2.4 mi) |
| Olympic | 28 minutes | 2.7 km (1.7 mi) | 22.4 km (13.9 mi) | 10 km (6.2 mi) |
| Ironman | 127 minutes | 12 km (7.5 mi) | 96.2 km (59.8 mi) | 42.2 km (26.2 mi) |
Wainer and De Veaux's proposal appears to have had little influence on triathlon race distances. Isoman Triathlon is a triathlon race with distances roughly equal to the stated portion.
# Sozoranga Canton

Sozoranga Canton is a canton of Ecuador, located in the Loja Province. Its capital is the town of Sozoranga. Its population at the 2001 census was 7,994.
# Soul Train Music Award for Best Rap Album

This page lists the winners and nominees for the Soul Train Music Award for Best Rap Album. The award was first given out during the 1989 ceremony, before being retired in 1996.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold.

### 1980s

| Year | Artist | Album |
| 1989 |
| 1989 | DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince | He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper |
| 1989 | Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock | It Takes Two |
| 1989 | Public Enemy | It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back |
| 1989 | Salt-N-Pepa | A Salt with a Deadly Pepa |

### 1990s

| Year | Artist | Album |
| 1990 |
| 1990 | Heavy D and the Boyz | Big Tyme |
| 1990 | Big Daddy Kane | It's a Big Daddy Thing |
| 1990 | De La Soul | 3 Feet High and Rising |
| 1990 | Young MC | Stone Cold Rhymin' |
| 1991 | | |
| 1991 | MC Hammer | Please Hammer Don't Hurt 'Em |
| 1991 | Ice Cube | Amerikkka's Most Wanted |
| 1991 | LL Cool J | Mama Said Knock You Out |
| 1991 | Public Enemy | Fear of a Black Planet |
| 1992 | | |
| 1992 | Public Enemy | Apocalypse '91 |
| 1992 | Geto Boys | We Can't Be Stopped |
| 1992 | Heavy D and the Boyz | Peaceful Journey |
| 1992 | Naughty by Nature | Naughty by Nature |
| 1993 | | |
| 1993 | Arrested Development | 3 Years, 5 Months and 2 Days in the Life Of... |
| 1993 | Das EFX | Dead Serious |
| 1993 | Father MC | Close to You |
| 1993 | Kris Kross | Totally Krossed Out |
| 1994 | | |
| 1994 | Onyx | Bacdafucup |
| 1994 | Arrested Development | Unplugged |
| 1994 | Digable Planets | Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) |
| 1994 | Naughty by Nature | 19 Naughty III |
| 1995 | | |
| 1995 | Snoop Doggy Dogg | Doggystyle |
| 1995 | Bone Thugs-N-Harmony | Creepin on ah Come Up |
| 1995 | Scarface | The Diary |
| 1995 | Warren G | Regulate...G Funk Era |
| 1996 | | |
| 1996 | 2Pac | Me Against The World |
| 1996 | Bone Thugs-N-Harmony | E. 1999 Eternal |
| 1996 | Coolio | Gangsta's Paradise |
| 1996 | Method Man | Tical |
# Netru Indru Naalai (musical)

Netru, Indru, Naalai (transl. Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow) was a series of musical theatre performances that were held in Chennai, India, by Indian film director Mani Ratnam. Choreography for the show was provided by Kala and Brinda. There were unconfirmed reports of close to 12,000 people attending the show.

## Overview

Conceptualized first in 2000, the original show was supposed to be a one-off event in order to help The Banyan raise funds for its building corpus fund. It featured Revathi Menon and Aamir Khan and was held at the Indian Airlines stadium in Chennai. The next show was held at Indian Institute of Technology Madras in December 2002. It had an approximate audience of about 10,000 spectators. The format was similar to the first show, with songs and dances through the ages. The television rights were given to STAR Vijay.
In February 2006, the third installment Netru, Indru, Naalai, a Broadway musical style tribute to the Tamil filmdom premiered at the Jeppiar Engineering College, in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Directed by Mani Ratnam, the three-hour song, dance, and drama extravaganza brought to life definitive celluloid moments from Tamil cinema, across its different eras (Netru (yesterday), Indru (today), and Naalai (tomorrow)), to the stage. The show featured 100 dancers, as well as actors and actresses from across the country. Acclaimed film and theatre composer A. R. Rahman had composed a special song for the show, and other notable technicians involved in the production include art director Sabu Cyril, and award-winning director/cinematographer Rajiv Menon.
The stage musical marked the first theatre production directed by Mani Ratnam.

## Personalities

Film personalities, mainly from Tamil cinema, Bollywood and Malayalam cinema, who took part in one or more of the shows include:
* Kamal Haasan
* Vijay
* R. Madhavan
* Vikram
* Mohanlal
* Asin Thottumkal
* Abhishek Bachchan
* Prakash Raj
* Bharath
* Shriya Saran
* Sindhu Tolani
* Kiran Rathod
* Pooja
* Sadha
* Malavika
* Rohini
* Vivek
* Genelia D'Souza
* Sridevi
* Vineeth
* Abbas
* Shaam
* Vivek Oberoi
* Silambarasan
* Laila
* Revathi Menon
* Simran
* Srikanth
* Shobana
* Arya
* Bhanupriya
* Sandhya
* Reema Sen
* Shilpa Shetty
* Harini
* Sujatha Mohan
# Neopolyptychus choveti

Neopolyptychus choveti is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Cameroon.
The wingspan is 25–32 mm for males.
# Neostygia

Neostygia is a monotypic genus on the family Cossidae (subfamily Stygiinae ) (type species: Neostygia postaurantia Wiltshire, 1980 J. Oman Stud. Spec. Rep. 2: 190, pl.: fig. 1).
# Neomycin C transaminase

Neomycin C transaminase (EC 2.6.1.95, neoN (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2-oxoglutarate:neomycin C aminotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    neomycin C + 2-oxoglutarate $\rightleftharpoons$ 6'''-deamino-6'''-oxoneomycin C + L-glutamate
The reaction occurs in vivo in the opposite direction.
# Vitex orinocensis

Vitex orinocensis is a species of tree in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to South America.
# Vitisin C

Vitisin C is a hydroxystilbenoid. It is a resveratrol tetramer found in plants of the genus Vitis (grapevines).
# Vocational education in Mauritius

Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Mauritius provides technical and practical training for employment to students. Pre-vocational education in Mauritius provides preparation for technical and vocational education and training. Vocational education streams provide options for study and career development for school leavers as well as professionals.

## Pre-vocational training

The Government of Mauritius has established provisions for pre-vocational and vocational education, to ensure the continuation of education until students reach the age of maturity, at age 16, until which education is compulsory for all students. The pre-vocational sector caters to about 4,000 students who are ejected from the primary school cycle, due to failure in the Certificate of Primary Education or reaching the age of 13.
Previously students completed an unaccredited three-year pre-vocational training programme in preparation for entry into vocational programmes. However, this three-year programme was phased out, and eventually replaced with an accredited four-year pre-vocational programme of study, leading to the Pre-vocational Certificate.

## Vocational qualifications
### Pre-vocational Certificate

The Pre-vocational Certificate demonstrates successful completion of a pre-vocational programme of study roughly equivalent to the Form III Certificate of the academic stream of formal education. The Pre-vocational Certificate confers ability to progress onto further vocational study or to directly enter into employment. Students may then progress onto the National Trade Certificate qualifications.

### National Trade Certificate

Following successful completion of the Pre-vocational Certificate or the Certificate of Primary Education, students may progress onto the National Trade Certificate qualifications, which are vocational qualifications designed for teaching life skills and job skills as well as enhancing employability prospects. There are multiple levels of the qualification: National Trade Certificate Foundation, National Trade Certificate II, and National Trade Certificate III. Students may then progress onto post-secondary vocational qualifications.

### Post-secondary qualifications

A range of post-secondary vocational qualifications are available. Entry into post-secondary vocational qualifications is available to those who successfully complete the School Certificate or Higher School Certificate through the academic stream, as well as to those who completed relevant pre-requisite vocational qualifications. Post-secondary vocational qualifications offered include the Brevet de Technicien, Nursing Diploma, Teacher's Certificate, Diploma, National Certificate, National Diploma, and Higher National Diploma. Those who successfully complete the Higher National Diploma may progress to the Bachelor's degree, typically with two years of advanced standing. This provides a pathway for students in the vocational stream to re-enter into the academic stream and then progress further into higher education.
# Soviet Interview Project

The Soviet Interview Project (SIP) was a research project conducted in the early 1980s. The project's principal aim was to learn about the life in the Soviet Union, which in turn would contribute to the disciplines of Sovietology, political science, economics and sociology.
The study had three principal goals:
* Conducting a study of contemporary Soviet society based upon interviews with recent immigrants now living in the United States.
* Promoting the involvement of young scholars so that the field of Soviet studies developed.
* Making the data and research products developed available to all interested scholars.
The Soviet Interview Project had its origins in a meeting at the Kennan Institute in August 1979, where senior academic scholars and U.S. government specialists discussed the feasibility of such a project. One of the main obstacles was the "Kissinger rule", named after U.S. secretary of state Henry Kissinger who had established a policy against the use of federal funds for studies of emigrants from the USSR. The Kissinger rule was revoked after a successful lobbying effort, and a design phase proposal was funded by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research in November 1979.
SIP made arrangements with the Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of State during the summer of 1981 so that the National Council could fund the project. The coordinating agency within the U.S. federal government was the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) of the U.S. Department of State.
The research team was headed by James R. Millar, economics professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. The team completed the draft of a general survey for the project in September 1981, developing an interdisciplinary questionnaire. The researchers decided to focus on the last “normal” period of life in the USSR, as applying for emigration could lead to marked changes in the applicant's life, thus introducing a possible bias.
The sampling frame for the SIP general survey was defined as all Soviet emigrants who arrived in the United States between January 1, 1979 and April 30, 1982, and who were between ages 21 and 70. 33,618 persons met the criteria, and 3,551 were included in the final sample. There were 2,793 respondents.
The field work for the general survey was conducted by the National Opinion Research Center.
Among the Soviet Interview Project's findings were that there was a positive relationship between education and unemployment in the USSR (as opposed to in the United States, where it was a negative relationship), that the Soviet wage system rewarded and penalized external political behavior, and that popular support for the Soviet regime was linked to the sense of material satisfaction and the perceived capability of the KGB.
# Soviet Formula 3 Championship

Soviet Formula 3 Championship was Formula 3 series held in the Soviet Union in the years 1960 to 1987.
In October 1956, the Central Automobile Club of the Soviet Union (CAMK) became a member of the FIA. As a result, CAMK representatives watched western races, including the Formula One British Grand Prix. As a result of this, it was decided to create Soviet motor sports, creating the Soviet Union championship in several racing classes, including Formula 3.
The series was cancelled because of the collapse of the Soviet Union and replaced with Russian Formula 3 series.

## Champions

| Season |
| Season | Driver | Team | Car |
| 1960 | Georgy Surguchev | Trud Moskwa | NAMI 041M - IMZ |
| 1961 | Ants Seiler | Kalev Tallinn | Estonia 3 - IMZ |
| 1962 | Yuri Bugrov | DOSAAF Leningrad | Estonia 3 - IMZ |
| 1963 | Madis Laiv | Kalev Tallinn | Estonia 3 - IMZ |
| 1964 | Vladimir Ptushkin | Spartak Moscow | Melkus 63 - Wartburg |
| 1965 | Georgy Surguchev | Trud Moskwa | Melkus 64 - Wartburg |
| 1966 | Viktor Lapin | DOSAAF Moscow | Melkus 64 - Wartburg |
| 1967 | Vladimir Grekov | Spartak Krasnodar | Melkus 64 - Wartburg |
| 1968 | Enn Griffel | Kalev Tallinn | Estonia 9 - Wartburg |
| 1969 | Enn Griffel | Kalev Tallinn | Estonia 9 - Wartburg |
| 1970 | Vladimir Grekov | Spartak Krasnodar | Estonia 9 - Wartburg |
| 1971 | Enn Griffel | Kalev Tallinn | Estonia 9 - Wartburg |
| 1972 | Enn Griffel | Kalev Tallinn | Estonia 9 - Wartburg |
| 1973 | Yuri Andreev | DOSAAF Moscow | Estonia 18 - Lada |
| 1974 | Wladislav Barkowski | Spartak Moscow | Estonia 18 - Lada |
| 1975 | Enn Griffel | Kalev Tallinn | Estonia 19 - Lada |
| 1976 | Wladislav Barkowski | Spartak Moscow | Estonia 18 - Lada |
| 1977 | Mikhail Lvov | Spartak Leningrad | Estonia-18M - Lada |
| 1978 | Mark Balezin | DOSAAF Moscow | Estonia-18M - Lada |
| 1979 | Viktor Klimanov | Spartak Moscow | Estonia 19 - Lada |
| 1980 | Toivo Asmer | Jõud Tallinn | Estonia 20 - Lada |
| 1981 | Viktor Klimanov | Spartak Moscow | Estonia 19 - Lada |
| 1982 | Toomas Napa | Jõud Tallinn | Estonia 20 - Lada |
| 1983 | Toomas Napa | Jõud Tallinn | Estonia-21M - Lada |
| 1984 | Toomas Napa | Jõud Tallinn | Estonia-21M - Lada |
| 1985 | Toomas Napa | Jõud Tallinn | Estonia-21M - Lada |
| 1986 | Alexander Potekhin | DOSAAF Moscow | Estonia 20 - Lada |
| 1987 | Toomas Napa | DOSAAF Tallinn | Estonia-21M - Lada |

## Titles by driver

| Driver | Titles |
| Enn Griffel | 5 |
| Toomas Napa | 5 |
| Georgy Surguchev | 2 |
| Vladimir Grekov | 2 |
| Wladislav Barkowski | 2 |
| Viktor Klimanov | 2 |
| Ants Seiler | 1 |
| Yuri Bugrov | 1 |
| Madis Laiv | 1 |
| Viktor Lapin | 1 |
| Yuri Andreev | 1 |
| Mikhail Lvov | 1 |
| Mark Balezin | 1 |
| Toivo Asmer | 1 |
| Alexander Potekhin | 1 |