OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gmina Lubartów

Gmina Lubartów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Lubartów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.
The gmina covers an area of 158.94 square kilometres (61.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,212 (11,272 in 2015).

## History

Gmina Lubartów was created out of the Łucka and Lisów gminas in 1973.
The oldest monument of the gmina is probably Góra Tatarska, an old fort. The area is well known for its craft skills, particularly dried flower compositions and Easter palms (made of dried grasses).

## Geography

About 57% of the land is arable whilst 35% is forested, mostly in the southwestern corner of the gmina. It is located on the Lubartów plateau, and the Wieprz river valley forms the eastern part of the region and here there are large areas of meadow and pastures, as well as some wetlands. In the south there is a large forest - Kozłowiecki forest.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Lubartów is bordered by the town of Lubartów and by the gminas of Firlej, Kamionka, Niedźwiada, Niemce, Ostrówek, Serniki and Spiczyn.

## Villages

The gmina contains the following villages with the status of sołectwo: Annobór, Annobór-Kolonia, Baranówka, Brzeziny, Chlewiska, Lisów, Łucka, Łucka-Kolonia, Majdan Kozłowiecki, Mieczysławka, Nowodwór, Nowodwór-Piaski, Rokitno, Lubartów County, Skrobów, Skrobów-Kolonia, Szczekarków, Trójnia, Trzciniec, Wandzin, Wincentów, Wola Lisowska, Wola Mieczysławska, Wólka Rokicka and Wólka Rokicka-Kolonia.
# Minoru Minami

Minoru Minami (南 実, Minami Minoru, 1887–1948) was a Japanese photographer. He served as the founding editor-in-chief of the photography magazine Geijutsu shashin kenkyu ("Art Photography Studies").
# HLA-A43

HLA-A43 (A43) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α$^{43}$ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A43, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*43 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*4301. A43 and A*43 are almost synonymous in meaning. A43 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10. A43 is a sister serotype of A25, A26, A34, and A66.
A43 is more common in Africa and SouthWest Asia. A43 is believed to have been formed by a single gene conversion between another HLA-A and the A*2601 allele..

## Serotype

A43 recognition of some HLA A*43 gene products :
| A*43 | A43 | A26 | Sample |
| allele | % | % | size (N) |
| *4301 | 0 | 35 | 9 |
A43 serotyping is poor.

## Distribution

HLA A*4301 frequencies :
| | | freq |
| ref. | Population | (%) |
| | South Africa Tswana | 4.9 |
| | South African Natal Zulu | 3.0 |
| | China Yunnan Han | 1.2 |
| | Zambia Lusaka | 1.2 |
| | Pakistan Karachi Parsi | 0.6 |
| | India North Delhi | 0.5 |
| | Zimbabwe Harare Shona | 0.4 |
| | Italy | 0.01 |
| | China Shanghai | 0.002 |
# Tetrabromo-o-xylene

α,α,α',α'-Tetrabromo-o-xylene is an organobromine compound with the formula C$_6$H$_4$(CHBr$_2$)$_2$. Three isomers of α,α,α',α'-Tetrabromoxylene exist, but the ortho derivative is most widely studied. It is an off-white solid. The compound is prepared by the photochemical reaction of o-xylene with elemental bromine:
    C$_6$H$_4$(CH$_3$)$_2$ + 4 Br$_2$ → C$_6$H$_4$(CHBr$_2$)$_2$ + 4 HBr
Reaction of α,α,α',α'-tetrabromo-o-xylene with sodium iodide affords α,α'-dibromo-o-xylylene, which can be trapped with dienophiles to give naphthylene. In the absence of trapping agents, the xylylene relaxes to α,α'-dibromobenzocyclobutane:
    C$_6$H$_4$(CHBr$_2$)$_2$ + 2 NaI → C$_6$H$_4$(=CHBr)$_2$ + 2 NaBr + I$_2$
    C$_6$H$_4$(=CHBr)$_2$ → C$_6$H$_4$(CHBr)$_2$
Cycloadditions of these xylylenes provides a pathway to acenes.
# Paradise (Paint It Black album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Aversion.com | |
| Punk International | (90/100) |
| Punknews.org | |
Paradise is the second full-length album from Philadelphia's Paint It Black, which followed up the band's debut LP from 2003, CVA. It features a more melodic hardcore sound than previous releases from the band, and was met with a slightly more positive critical reception than CVA.

## Track listing

* "Election Day" – 1:09
* "Pink Slip" – 1:27
* "Exit Wounds" – 1:37 mp3
* "Ghosts" – 1:35
* "The New Brutality" – 1:38 (featured in the video game Tony Hawk's Proving Ground)
* "Atheists in Foxholes" – 1:41
* "Nicaragua" – 1:33
* "Labor Day" – 1:22
* "Burn the Hive" – 1:29
* "Panic" – 1:44 (featured in the video game Saints Row)
* "Angel" – 1:22
* "The Pharmacist" – 1:07
* "365" – 1:40
* "Memorial Day" – 1:39
* "View from a Headlock" – 1:56 (only on Japanese and Bandcamp versions)

## Personnel

* Dan Yemin – vocals, guitar
* Colin McGinniss – lead guitar
* Andy Nelson – bass guitar, vocals
* David Wagenschutz – drums
* Jason Yawn – guest vocals
* J. Robbins – production, recording, mixing
* Alan Douches – mastering
* Kim Dumas – mastering assistance
* Tim Gough – design
# Nemapogon palmella

Nemapogon palmella is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found on the Canary Islands and in North Africa, where it has been recorded from Morocco.
# Hemker Park & Zoo

The Hemker Park & Zoo is a family owned zoo founded in 1977 in Freeport, Minnesota, United States. The zoo was founded by Mark and Joan Hemker.

## History

The Hemker Park and Zoo was started in 1977 by Mark and Joan Hemker in Freeport, Minnesota, when the couple acquired their first collection of waterfowl. It started out as the Hemker Game Farm. In 1980, the farm acquired its first pair of white-tail deer and a black bear. The zoo expanded in 1985 when it acquired a pronghorn antelope and a pair of reindeer. In 1992, the Hemker Game Farm became the Hemker Wildlife Park and later that same year added six black-footed penguins to their collection. Finally in 1994, the Hemker Wildlife Park opened to the public for the first time. The turn of the century brought new exhibits to the Hemker Wildlife Park such as the African Safari. In 2006, beloved owner Mark Hemker died, but his family made the decision to keep the zoo open in his memory. In 2008, Hemker Wildlife Park became the Hemker Park & Zoo and added a new picnic area and farm petting zoo. In 2010, the penguins returned and in 2012 the zoo added two New Guinea singing dogs - Gus and Lucy.

## Animals
### Mammals

* Reindeer
* Bactrian camel
* Dromedary camel
* Giraffe
* Eastern grey kangaroo
* Alpine ibex
* Bighorn sheep
* Dall sheep
* Mountain goat
* Sichuan takin
* Grant's zebra
* Indian rhinoceros
* Addra gazelle
* Gerenuk
* Lesser kudu
* Nyala
* Sitatunga
* Pronghorn
* Markhor
* Transcaspian urial
* West Caucasian tur
* Yak
* Alpaca
* Crested porcupine
* White-lipped deer
* Black-handed spider monkey
* Black-and-white ruffed lemur
* Ring-tailed lemur
* Tufted capuchin
* Common marmoset
* Cotton-top tamarin
* Colombian white-faced capuchin
* Buff-cheeked gibbon
* Vervet monkey
* Wolf's mona monkey
* Bobcat
* Canada lynx
* North American river otter
* Red panda

### Reptiles

* African spurred tortoise
* Leopard tortoise
* Boa constrictor
* Bearded dragon
* Leopard gecko
* Mexican black kingsnake
* Corn snake
* Burmese python

### Birds

* African penguin
* Blue and gold macaw
* Military macaw
* Double yellow head amazon
* Budgerigar
* Chilean flamingo
* American flamingo
* Red-crowned crane
* Black swan
* Black-necked swan
* Trumpeter swan
* Peafowl
* Great curassow
* Helmeted curassow
* Secretarybird
* Great horned owl
* White-naped crane
* American white ibis
* Scarlet ibis
* Great hornbill
* Silvery-cheeked hornbill
* Southern ground hornbill
* and a variety of waterfowl species

### Other

* Green tree frog
* Rose hair tarantula

## Experiences

Other experiences offered by the zoo include educational tours, reindeer sleigh rides, picnics, birthday parties, wagon rides, and a mobile petting zoo. Also offered by the zoo is the Zoo Keeper Experience Day. For this, visitors get to spend a day with one of the zoo keepers and help with feeding, enrichment programs, educational programs, and cleaning.

## Future

The zoo planned on adding a rhinoceros in 2018.
# Phyllidiella nigra

Phyllidiella nigra is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phyllidiidae.

## Description

Phyllidiella nigra can reach a length of about 25–75 mm. It shows a black background with rounded pink to purplish tubercles over the dorsum. These tubercles are mainly isolated or in small clumps.

## Distribution

This species was described from Java, Indonesia. It is reported to be widespread in the Indo-west Pacific region.

## Habitat

This species occurs on shallow coral reefs, at depths of about 1–6 m.
# Pictou Group

The Pictou Group is a stratigraphical unit of Late Carboniferous to Permian age in the Cumberland Basin of Atlantic Canada.
It takes the name from Pictou County, Nova Scotia, and was first described in outcrop along the West Branch River John by W.A. Bell in 1926.

## Lithology

The Pictou Group is composed of red beds sandstone, mostly subarkose and sublitharenite. Siltstone is also present, also rarely conglomerate and coal. Fossil remains include bivalves, ostracods, fish, amphibians and reptile fragments, as well as rare plant fragments.

## Distribution

The Pictou Group is present throughout the Maritimes Basin, thickness vary from 1,650 metres (5,410 ft) in Pictou County to 3,000 metres (9,840 ft) in Prince Edward Island.

## Relationship to other units

The Pictou Group contains the Balfron, the Tatamagouche, and the Cape John Formations.
The Formation is mostly exposed in outcrops or covered with glacial till. It unconformably overlays the Carboniferous Cumberland Group or the Mississippian Windsor Group.
It is equivalent to the Morien Group of Cape Breton Island and Stellarton Group on central Nova Scotia. The Pictou Group is also a synonym to the Prince Edward Island Group (include the Miminegash, Egmont Bay, Kildare Capes, Hillsborough River and Orby Head formations.
# Phyllonorycter distentella

Phyllonorycter distentella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Germany to Portugal, Italy and Hungary and from Great Britain to southern Russia.
The wingspan is 8–9 mm. There are two generations per year with adults on wing in May and again in August.
The larvae feed on Quercus pubescens and Quercus robur. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Phyllonorycter dubiosella

Phyllonorycter dubiosella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Austria and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# John Barton (engineer)

Sir John Barton (5 August 1771 – 25 August 1834) was an English engineer.

## Information

He created a micrometer, which he called the "Atometer" that was used for measuring small distances using a differential-screw technique, a ruling engine, and patented a method of creating metal ornaments engraved with parallel lines, using diffraction to create colours. An example of the latter are "Barton's Buttons", which were gold buttons stamped with a hard steel die on which Barton cut hexagonal patterns. Sir John Barton also invented a floating compass.
Sir John Barton served as deputy comptroller of the Royal Mint in the early part of the nineteenth century and later as Treasurer to Queen Adelaide. He died at Windsor on 25 August 1834. After his death, his wife Ann gave John Harrison's last pendulum clock to the Royal Astronomical Society.

## Personal life

John Barton's wife was the granddaughter of John Harrison, of longitude fame, which is how Ann Barton had possession of Harrison's last pendulum clock and could give it away. Queen Adelaide was godmother to the Bartons' daughter, who was also named Adelaide and who was to become the great grandmother of the writer of this paragraph. John Barton had gained his knighthood while private secretary to the Prince of Wales for services rendered in keeping the prince's wife out of the way while the prince was consorting with his mistress. Sir John Barton became a frequent and well received visitor to Windsor Castle, and his memorial plaque is now to be seen in St. George's chapel there.
# Physical Geography (journal)

Physical Geography is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of physical geography. It was established in 1980 and is published by Taylor & Francis. It was originally published by Bellwether Publishing until the start of the 34th volume in 2013, when it moved to Taylor & Francis. The editor-in-chief is Chris Houser (University of Windsor). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 2.075.
# Physical Etoys

Physical Etoys is a free open-source extension of Etoys developed by Gonzalo Zabala, Ricardo Moran, Sebastián Blanco and Matías Teragni at the Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Etoys is an object-oriented and prototype-based visual programming language created by Alan Kay for the use in education. Physical Etoys contains the majority of Etoys characteristics. Its philosophy is "help kids model and program the real world in order to learn more about it".
Physical Etoys lets different electronic devices such as Lego NXT, Arduino boards, Sphero, Kinect, Wiimote joystick, among others, be easily programmed and interact between themselves due to its block scripting system. In 2010, Physical Etoys won the first innovation technology award given at the ESUG (European Smalltalk User Group) conference.

## Motivation

Physical Etoys benefits robotics learning in primary/high school and it is based on the constructionism theory created by Papert. The reasons why Physical Etoys benefits robot learning are:
Ease of learning: Physical Etoys reduces the complexity of code abstraction letting the kid experiment with virtual objects which are closely related with the real objects and vice versa. Physical Etoys also proposes a gradual programming learning curve: when the kid has the maturity he can automatically put his first step on Smalltalk and go into more complex topics.
In harmony with the mainstreaming of the technology: Robotics is closely related with different scientific disciplines such as logic, mathematics, physics, artificial intelligence, biology, medicine and nanotechnology. But it is also possible, due to the robotic kits' versatility, to develop devices related with many other disciplines such as music, history, geography, literature among many others. Physical Etoys inherits all the educational potential of Etoys in order to let the child apply computation in his subjects and represent world's phenomena without waiting for a specific technological subject. Moreover, Physical Etoys is divided into a set of independent modules that interact among themselves and each of them represents a specific robotic kit.
Learning with programmable real material: Working with real material help kids train fine motor skills and cognitive abilities related to physical experimentation, trial-and-error, dealing and comprehending the infinite continuous values which the real world presents. Working with real material allows to face different challenges that have to be dealt with teams. The building, programming, order and care of the material and the elaboration of the work document require the coordinated participation of the team members with different but integrated roles as a real work schema.
Accessibility: Physical Etoys is an open source and free software that can be used with the OLPC machines. It was adopted by the Argentinian government in the "Conectar igualdad" and "Plan Sarmiento" programs. Actually, Physical Etoys is beginning to gain popularity in France, USA and Spain. The software supports the following languages: English, Spanish, and Portuguese.
# Physella parkeri

Physella parkeri, the Broadshoulder Physa, is a species of small air-breathing freshwater snail.
It is an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae.
Like others in the family, this species is sinistral or left-handed.

## Distribution

The subspecies Physella parkeri latchfordi, also known as the "Gatineau tadpole snail", lives in Quebec, Canada. It was categorized as "Data Deficient" (DD) by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).
# Piateda

Piateda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Milan and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Sondrio. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,291 and an area of 70.9 square kilometres (27.4 sq mi).
Piateda borders the following municipalities: Albosaggia, Caiolo, Carona, Faedo Valtellino, Montagna in Valtellina, Poggiridenti, Ponte in Valtellina, Tresivio, Valbondione.
It is located alongside the Adda river.
# John Crombie

John Crombie may refer to:
* John Crombie (Royal Navy officer) (1900–1972), Scottish Royal Navy admiral
* John Crombie (minister) (1789–1872), minister of the Church of Scotland
* John William Crombie (1858–1908), Scottish woollen manufacturer, folklorist and politician
* John Nicol Crombie (1827–1878), New Zealand photographer and businessman
# John Crombie (Royal Navy officer)

Rear Admiral John Harvey Forbes Crombie CB DSO (16 February 1900 – 31 August 1972) was a Scottish Royal Navy officer who became Flag Officer, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

## Naval career

Crombie joined the Royal Navy in 1913. He served in World War I in the battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth and then in the destroyer HMS Oak. He also served in the Second World War as Commanding Officer of the minesweeper HMS Bramble, as Senior Officer for Minesweepers in the White Sea and then as Director of Minesweeping at the Admiralty from 1943. After the War he became Commanding Officer of the aircraft carrier HMS Vengeance before taking over command of the HMS Mercury Royal Navy Signal School in 1948. He became Flag Officer, Scotland and Northern Ireland in 1951 and retired in 1953.

## Family

He married Rosamund, daughter of Brigadier-General Rodney Style. Their daughter Julia Rosamond Crombie (b. August 1947) married, in 1974, John Algernon Henry Trotter of Mordington House, Berwickshire.
# Picrodendraceae

Picrodendraceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 80 species in 24 genera. These are subtropical to tropical and found in New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Madagascar, continental Africa, and tropical America. Its closest relatives are Phyllanthaceae.
This family used to be known as the subfamily Oldfieldioideae of the Euphorbiaceae.

## Taxonomy

The family contains about 80 species organised into 24 genera (or three tribes of ten subtribes).

### Genera

* Androstachys
* Aristogeitonia
* Austrobuxus
* Celaenodendron
* Choriceras
* Dissiliaria
* Hyaenanche
* Kairothamnus
* Longetia
* Micrantheum
* Mischodon
* Neoroepera
* Oldfieldia
* Paradrypetes
* Parodiodendron
* Petalostigma
* Picrodendron
* Piranhea
* Podocalyx
* Pseudanthus
* Scagea
* Stachyandra
* Stachystemon
* Tetracoccus
* Voatamalo
* Whyanbeelia
# Picrodendron

Picrodendron is a genus of plant in the family Picrodendraceae, described in 1859. It contains one species, Picrodendron baccatum, native to the West Indies (Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and the Swan Islands of Honduras).
# Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer

Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUT) are MEMS-based piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers. Unlike bulk piezoelectric transducers which use the thickness-mode motion of a plate of piezoelectric ceramic such as PZT or single-crystal PMN-PT, PMUT are based on the flexural motion of a thin membrane coupled with a thin piezoelectric film, such as PVDF.
In comparison with bulk piezoelectric ultrasound transducers, PMUT can offer advantages such as increased bandwidth, flexible geometries, natural acoustic impedance match with water, reduced voltage requirements, mixing of different resonant frequencies and potential for integration with supporting electronic circuits especially for miniaturized high frequency applications.
# Pierre Plihon

Pierre Plihon (born 29 October 1989 in Nice), is a French athlete who competes in recurve archery.
Plihon first competed internationally in 2014, in which year he won a team gold medal at the 2014 European Archery Championships in Echmiadzin and qualified for the 2014 World Cup Final in Lausanne, including a silver medal at the first stage in Shanghai. He represented France at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro and at 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
# John Dore (disambiguation)

John Dore is a basketball coach.
John Dore may also refer to:
* John Clark Dore (1822–1900), American educator and politician from New Hampshire
* John F. Dore (1881–1938), mayor of Seattle
* Jon Dore (born 1976), Canadian comedian and actor
# John Ewington

John Ewington OBE (14 May 1936 – 15 August 2015) was a British insurance underwriter who was the general secretary of the Guild of Church Musicians for 35 years from 1978 to 2014, and is widely credited with saving this 19th-century body from extinction.
He was born on 14 May 1936 and died suddenly on 15 August 2015. His funeral was at Blechingley Parish Church where he had been organist for more than 30 years. The music was provided by the City Singer with whom he had connections dating back to 1967. The lesson was read by Dame Mary Archer.
His connection with the Guild started in 1967 when he responded to an advertisement to study what was then called the Archbishop of Canterbury's Certificate in Church Music.
His "day job" was working in an insurance office in the City of London, where he specialised in writing policies for musical instruments.
He collected many honours, including the OBE and a Lambeth MA. He also had FGCM, DipChMus(Lond), ACertCM, HonFCSM, HonFFCM, HonRSCM, FGMS, Hon Associate of the University of Newcastle NSW and Conjoint Senior Lecturer at the Conservatorium School of Music and Drama in the Faculty of Education and Arts.
# John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset

John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset, Earl of Dorset (1441 – 4 May 1471) was a scion of the Beaufort family, who fought for the Lancastrians in the Wars of the Roses.

## Origins

He was the third son of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset and his wife, Lady Eleanor Beauchamp, daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick.

## Wars of the Roses

His father was killed in 1455 at the First Battle of St Albans.When his eldest brother, Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, was killed fighting for Lancaster in 1464 at the Battle of Hexham, the next brother, Edmund, succeeded to the Dukedom, and John became "Marquess of Dorset" and "Earl of Dorset", courtesy titles granted to the Beaufort heir-apparent or heir-presumptive. These titles were not recognized by King Edward IV, of the House of York. John had been in exile since 1461, first in Burgundy and then France. When Henry VI of Lancaster reclaimed the throne in October 1470, John returned with his brother Edmund. But a few months later, Henry was driven from the throne again, and the Lancastrians were on the run.
John was killed in the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471, while fighting beside Edmund, who was captured and beheaded two days later. John left behind no issue and was never married. With the death of John and Edmund, the legitimate male line of the Beauforts ended.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset :
# John Finch (MP for Winchelsea)

John Finch (died 1642) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1624 and 1642.
Finch was probably the son of Thomas Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea and his wife Cecile Wentworth.
In 1624, Finch was elected Member of Parliament for Winchelsea. Sir Alexander Temple tried to take the seat from the control of the Finch family and succeeded in having Finch's return invalidated. However Temple was defeated in the subsequent by-election. In April 1640, Finch was elected MP for Winchelsea for the Short Parliament. In November 1640 he was re-elected MP for Winchelsea in the Long Parliament and sat until his death in 1642.
Finch died before February 1643 when a writ was issued for his replacement. He had been elected as John Finch Esq, but was referred to in the writ as Sir John Finch.