OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Petrozsény Offensive

The Petrozsény Offensive was the opening action of the south-western front of the 1916 Battle of Transylvania, during World War I. The Transylvanian coal-mining center of Petrozsény (Petroșani) was occupied by the Romanian Army on 29 August, two days after the Kingdom of Romania declared war on Austria-Hungary.

## Background

Romania declared war on Austria-Hungary on 27 August 1916. The central column of General Ioan Culcer's Romanian 1st Army advanced into a region of valuable coal mines, whose output was crucial to the Hungarian railway system. The Romanian advance was opposed by the Austro-Hungarian 1st Army, under General Arthur Arz von Straußenburg.

## Romanian offensive

The Romanian forces occupied Petrozsény on 29 August. The Jiu Covering Force, consisting of the 21st Infantry Brigade of the 11th Division, crossed the border at the Vulkán and Szurdok passes and occupied the vital Transylvanian coal-mining center at Petrozsény on 29 August. The weak resistance put up by the Hungarian coal-miner battalions was easily swept aside by the Romanian units, who inflicted heavy casualties. The rest of the 11th Division (General Ioan Muică [ro]) subsequently crossed the mountains and joined the covering forces. It then pushed further west, stopping 15 miles from Hátszeg (Hațeg). Although this halt complied with the instructions received by Culcer, it allowed the Austro-Hungarians time to regroup and would have great repercussions later. By 3 September, this group of General Culcer's Romanian 1st Army occupied the important coal area between Hobicaurikány (Uricani) and Petrozsény, driving back the ineffective Landsturm and miners battalions of the 144th Infantry Brigade over the saddle of Merisor. On 29 August, fighting also took place against the 144th Brigade at Zsilyvajdejvulkán (Vulcan), with further fighting taking place at Mount Oboroca on the 30th. The commander of the 144th Brigade was Colonel Ludwig Berger.

## Aftermath

Due to its valuable coalmines, the area occupied by the center of General Culcer's 1st Army was the first location of any military or commercial value to fall into Romanian hands. As such, this was also the scene of the first Central Powers counterattack against the Romanian invasion of Transylvania, on 8 September. However, the Romanian troops had little difficulty repulsing this attack.
# Peter Mennim

Peter Mennim (born 1955) is a British artist, based in Cambridge. He grew up in York, and was educated at Worksop College and Reading University.
His commissions include a large group portrait for the 40th anniversary of Wolfson College, Cambridge (his father Michael Mennim having been the architect of its first buildings) and Group Portrait of the Company of Merchant Adventurers of the City of York held at the Merchant Adventurers' Hall, York and a portrait of Duncan Robinson, commissioned when master of Magdalene College, Cambridge.
During the 1980s and early 1990s he worked as an illustrator and produced many film posters and book covers including the book jacket The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams., the record cover art for the Rum Sodomy & the Lash by The Pogues, the movie posters The Crow (1994 film) and Highlander II: The Quickening.
# Jesuit High School

Jesuit High School may refer to:
* Jesuit High School (Carmichael), California
* Jesuit High School (Tampa), Florida
* Jesuit High School (New Orleans), Louisiana
* Jesuit High School (Beaverton, Oregon)
* Jesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas, called Jesuit High School before 1969
# Petraeovitex

Petraeovitex is a genus of eight climbing shrubs species known to science, of the mint family Lamiaceae (formerly placed within Verbenaceae). Collectively, they grow naturally in Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, the Philippines, the Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands and Cape York Peninsula, Australia.

## Species

The 1981 review paper by Harold N. Moldenke was the source, additional distribution information came from the Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants information system:
* Petraeovitex bambusetorum King & Gamble – Borneo
* Petraeovitex kinabaluensis Munir – Borneo
* Petraeovitex membranacea Merr. – Borneo
* Petraeovitex multiflora (Sm.) Merr. – Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., Solomon Is., Cape York Peninsula, Australia
* Petraeovitex scortechinii King & Gamble – Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia
* Petraeovitex sumatrana H.J.Lam – Sumatra, Borneo
* Petraeovitex trifoliata Merr. – Philippines, Borneo
* Petraeovitex wolfei J.Sinclair – Peninsular Malaysia
# Petrafixia

Petrafixia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.

## Species

* † Petrafixia annemariae (Lozouet, 2015) †
* † Petrafixia chattica Lozouet, 2017 †
* † Petrafixia koeneni (Cossmann & Lambert, 1884) †
# Petraeus Report

United States Army General David Petraeus has given several reports on the state of Iraq:
* Initial Benchmark Assessment Report, the interim report released July 12, 2007
* Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq, the report delivered to the U.S. Congress on September 10, 2007
# Phalonidia remissa

Phalonidia remissa is a species of moth in the family Tortricidae. It is found in Cuba.
The wingspan of this moth is approximately 8.5 mm.
# Phalonidia praemorsa

Phalonidia praemorsa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Peru.
# Peter Paule

Peter Paule is an Austrian mathematician who works in symbolic computation and its connections to combinatorics, number theory, and special functions. Since 1990 he has held a faculty position at the Research Institute for Symbolic Computation of the Johannes Kepler University of Linz, and since 2009 he has directed the Institute.
Paule earned his doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1982 under the supervision of Johann Cigler, and earned a habilitation from Johannes Kepler University in 1996. He is a member of the Academia Europaea, and in 2013 he was elected as a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
# Jiangsu Sainty

Jiangsu Sainty may refer to:
# Jim Bradley (American football)

James Carlin Bradley (March 8, 1933 – August 12, 2015) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at New Mexico State University from 1973 to 1977, compiling a record of 23–31–1. Bradley played college football at New Mexico State from 1951 to 1954, when the school was known as New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. He was the head football coach at Mayfield High School in Las Cruces, New Mexico from 1965 to 1972. Bradley was the head football coach at Roswell High School in Roswell, New Mexico from 1980 to 1993 before he turned to Mayfield High School, where he was again head football coach from 1994 until his retirement in 2005. Bradley was born on March 8, 1933, in Las Cruces. He died in his hometown on August 12, 2015.

## Head coaching record
### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| New Mexico State Aggies (Missouri Valley Conference) (1973–1977) ||||||
| 1973 | New Mexico State | 5–6 | 3–2 | T–3rd |
| 1974 | New Mexico State | 5–6 | 2–3 | 5th |
| 1975 | New Mexico State | 5–6 | 2–2 | T–2nd |
| 1976 | New Mexico State | 4–6–1 | 2–1–1 | T–1st |
| 1977 | New Mexico State | 4–7 | 3–2 | 3rd |
| New Mexico State: | New Mexico State: | 23–31–1 | 12–10–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 23–31–1 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Petroleum Institute of Pakistan

Petroleum Institute of Pakistan (PIP), (ادارۂ برائے تنظیمِ صنعتِ پیٹرولیم ، پاکستان) is based in Islamabad, Pakistan. The PIP was established in 1963 to represents all the segments of the gas and petroleum industry in Pakistan. PIP works closely with the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources. The Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) is the national petroleum Research and Development (R&D) organization that coordinates with the PIP.
# Jiwari

Jiwari may refer to:
* Jivari, a buzzing sound found in Indian musical tradition
* Jiwari-bugyō, officials in Edo period Japan
# Pharr Events Center

Pharr Events Center (presently known as the Boggus Ford Events Center) is a 2,500-seat indoor arena located in Pharr, Texas. It is used primarily for boxing and wrestling, but is also used as a concert venue, with standing room bringing the capacity to 3,500. There is parking for 600 cars, plus a 60-by-35-foot performance stage. It was originally built as a convention center.
# Phil McCrea

Phil McCrea (1948-2016) was president of the National Association of Biology Teachers. He was a biology instructor who also published scholarly works, won the Illinois Outstanding Biology Teacher Award, and appeared on Oprah as an expert on household sanitation.

## Employment

Phil McCrea was a biology teacher at New Trier High School in Northfield, Illinois and taught at The College of Lake County (CLC) in Grayslake, Illinois and at Mchenry Community College (MCC) in Crystal Lake, IL. He taught at New Trier starting in 1971, at CLC since 1995, and at MCC starting the summer of 2008. He won the outstanding part-time faculty award from the College of Lake County in 2006. At New Trier, he was a sponsor of the Biology Club as well as the Biology Coach for Science Olympiad.

## Educational background

Phil McCrea received his bachelor's degree in Science from the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) in 1970, and also received his master's degree in Behavioral Genetics in 1974 from UIC.

## Awards and honors

Phil McCrea was the President of the National Association of Biology Teachers in 2000. He was also the Executive secretary and Treasurer of the Illinois Association of Biology Teachers since 1981 In 1980 he won the Outstanding Biology Teacher Award for Illinois. Furthermore, he was a member of the Council of Scientific Society Presidents from 1999 to 2001.

## Oprah

Another claim to fame was his appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 1997. He was invited as a biologist to comment about household sanitation issues. The theme of the episode was "Things to Get Rid Of." Phil commented on items such as mascara brushes and makeup sponges that were a breeding ground for bacteria.

## Other interests

McCrea was also an accomplished folk-style guitar player, and had a deep soothing voice with which he sang songs about evolution and DNA to his classes. He had a talent for making art as well and designed a spa-like window for his home and tile designs on his kitchen floor. He also enjoyed working in wood, cutting and painting yard ornaments, and highlighting displays of furniture and appliances.
# Ghettolimpo

Ghettolimpo (a portmanteau of 'ghetto' and 'Olimpo', Italian for Olympus) is the second studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Mahmood. The album was released on 11 June 2021 and was preceded by the singles "Rapide", "Dorado", "Inuyasha", "Zero", and "Klan".

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for Ghettolimpo :
| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 2 |
| Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE) | 80 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 24 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for Ghettolimpo :
| Chart (2022) | Position |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 99 |

## Certifications

Certifications for Ghettolimpo :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | Platinum | 50,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Year-end lists

Select year-end rankings of Ghettolimpo :
| Publication | List | Rank | Ref. |
| Panorama | The 20 Best Italian Albums of 2021 | 14 | |
| Rolling Stone | The 20 Best Italian Albums of 2021 | 10 | |
# NDUFV2

NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial (NDUFV2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFV2 gene. The encoded protein, NDUFV2, is a subunit of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations in this gene are implicated in Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and have been found in one case of early onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy.

## Structure

NDUFV2 is located on the p arm of chromosome 18 in position 11.22 and has 9 exons. The NDUFV2 gene produces a 27.4 kDa protein composed of 249 amino acids. NDUFV2, the protein encoded by this gene, is a member of the complex I 24 kDa subunit family. It contains a cofactor binding site for a 2Fe-2S cluster and a transit peptide domain. The protein consists of 2 turns, 3 beta strands, and 7 alpha helixes. A non-transcribed pseudogene of this locus is found on chromosome 19.

## Function

The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, and consists of at least 43 subunits. The complex is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gene encodes the 24 kDa subunit of complex I, and is involved in electron transfer. NDUFV2 is an oxidoreductase and a component of the flavoprotein-sulfur (FP) fragment of the enzyme. It is thought to be required for assembly and catalysis.

### Catalytic activity

NADH + ubiquinone + 5 H+(In) = NAD+ + ubiquinol + 4 H+(Out).
NADH + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in the NDUFV2 gene are associated with Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency, which is autosomal recessive. This deficiency is the most common enzymatic defect of the oxidative phosphorylation disorders. Mitochondrial complex I deficiency shows extreme genetic heterogeneity and can be caused by mutation in nuclear-encoded genes or in mitochondrial-encoded genes. There are no obvious genotype–phenotype correlations, and inference of the underlying basis from the clinical or biochemical presentation is difficult, if not impossible. However, the majority of cases are caused by mutations in nuclear-encoded genes. It causes a wide range of clinical disorders, ranging from lethal neonatal disease to adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Phenotypes include macrocephaly with progressive leukodystrophy, nonspecific encephalopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease.

## Interactions

NDUFV2 has been shown to have 102 binary protein-protein interactions including 80 co-complex interactions. NDUFV2 appears to interact with HSCB, CCNC, GOLM1, FAM114A2, CRMP1, KAT5, SP110.
# Lovrenc Lavtižar

Lovrenc Lavtižar (December 11, 1820 – December 3, 1858), also known as Lawrence Lautishar, was a Slovene missionary in Minnesota.

## Biography

Lavtižar was born in the village of Srednji Vrh in Upper Carniola and baptized Lorenz Lautischar. He was ordained on August 3, 1845 in Ljubljana, after which he worked in Trebelno and Dobrova. In 1854 he traveled as a missionary to the Native American tribes in Michigan, where he worked with Frederic Baraga and Ignatius Mrak in L'Arbre Croche (now Harbor Springs). Francis Xavier Pierz invited him to Minnesota in 1857, where he was assigned to the Red Lake Indian Reservation. Lavtižar froze to death during a blizzard while returning across the ice of Red Lake after attending to a dying member of his congregation. He was buried by Pierz in Crow Wing, Minnesota on December 26, 1858. He was reburied at Calvary Cemetery in Duluth, Minnesota on September 22, 1892, with a burial service presided over by James Trobec.
# XPNPEP3

Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 3, also known as aminopeptidase P3, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the XPNPEP3 gene. XPNPEP3 localizes to mitochondria in renal cells and to kidney tubules in a cell type-specific pattern. Mutations in XPNPEP3 gene have been identified as a cause of a nephronophthisis-like disease.

## Structure
### Gene

The XPNPEP3 gene is located at chromosome 22q13.2, consisting of 12 exons. Two splice variants of XPNPEP3, APP3m and APP3c, exist in mitochondria and cytosol, respectively.

### Protein

APP3m has an N-terminal mitochondrial-targeting sequence (MTS) domain importing APP3m into mitochondria, where the domain is removed proteolytically and APP3m functions as a 51-kDa mature protein. By contrast, APP3c, lacks the MTS and is expressed in the cytosol. Arginine in MTS is required for mitochondrial transport.

## Function

XPNPEP3 belongs to a family of X-pro-aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.9) that utilize a metal cofactor and remove the N-terminal amino acid from peptides with a proline residue in the penultimate position. It has been found that upon tumor necrosis factor stimulation, XPNPEP3 is released from mitochondria. XPNPEP3 is a new member of the TNF-TNFR2 signaling complex and plays a role in the transduction mechanism of TNFR2 signal which activates both JNK1 and JNK2 pathways. It is also observed that cell death increases upon downregulation of XPNPEP3, suggesting XPNPEP3 exerts an anti-apoptotic function. Deletion of icp55, the S. cerevisiae ortholog of XPNPEP3, increases the proteolytic rate of its substrates through a protein degradation pathway characterized by the N-end rule.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in the XPNPEP3 gene are associated with ciliopathy. Recessive mutations in XPNPEP3 gene has been identified as a cause of a nephronophthisis-like disease, characterized by renal interstitial infiltration with fibrosis, tubular atrophy with basement membrane disruption, and cyst development at the corticomedullary renal border. Phenotypic variability might be ascribed to different degrees of loss of function for the 2 different homozygous XPNPEP3 alleles. The ciliary phenotypes unmasked by loss of XPNPEP3 might arise from the loss of XPNPEP3-dependent processing of ciliary proteins.

## Interactions

* NPHP6/CEP290
* TNF
# Étude de la presse d'information quotidienne

Étude de la presse d'information quotidienne (EPIQ, literally "Study of daily press information") is a French audience measurement organisation which gathers readership statistics on behalf of French newspapers. It was formed in 1993 by a group of French newspaper syndicates:
* Presse quotidienne régionale ("Daily regional press")
* Presse quotidienne nationale ("Daily national press")
* Presse quotidienne urbaine gratuite ("Daily metropolitan free press")
* Presse hebdomadaire régionale ("Weekly regional press")
It conducts its research using computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), for both daily and weekly newspapers. Research is conducted on its behalf by other market research organisations, notably TNS Sofres.
# Médard Tytgat

Médard Tytgat (8 February 1871 – 11 January 1948) was a Belgian painter, lithographer, book illustrator and poster artist known for portraits, nudes, and landscapes. He was born in Bruges. From 1890 to 1894, he studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts of Brussels with Jean-François Portaels. He took part in the art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He died in Brussels.
Tytgat was considered a mediocre painter, but was more highly regarded as an illustrator. His younger brother, Edgard Tytgat, was also an artist. A grandson, Médard-Siegfried Tytgat (1916–1997), was a painter.
# Oirata (moth)

Oirata is a genus of moths in the family Pterophoridae.

## Species

* Oirata nivella (Ustjuzhanin, 2001)
* Oirata poculidactyla (K. Nupponen & T. Nupponen, 2001)
* Oirata taklamakanus (Arenberger, 1995)
* This article on a moth of subfamily Pterophorinae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Haraucourt

Haraucourt may refer to the following communes in France:
* Haraucourt, Ardennes, in the Ardennes department
* Haraucourt, Meurthe-et-Moselle, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
* Haraucourt-sur-Seille, in the Moselle department
# Thiago Silva (disambiguation)

Thiago Silva (born 1984) is a Brazilian footballer.
Thiago (da) Silva may also refer to:
* Thiago Silva (fighter) (born 1982), Brazilian kickboxer and mixed martial artist
* Thiago Silva (footballer, born 1983), Brazilian football player
* Thiago da Silva (footballer, born 1983) (1983–2008), Brazilian footballer
* Thiago Braz da Silva (born 1993), Brazilian pole vaulter
* Thiago Silva (weightlifter), Brazilian weightlifter
* "Thiago Silva" (song), 2016 song by Dave and AJ Tracey
# XHECS-FM

XHECS-FM is a radio station on 96.1 FM in Manzanillo, Colima. The station carries the La Mejor grupera format from MVS Radio.

## History

On March 7, 1952, Julio Romo Valdivia applied for and received a new AM radio station in Manzanillo on 1400 kHz, XECS-AM. XECS signed on September 9, 1953, though on 1520 kHz, broadcasting with 200 watts using surplus World War II equipment. "Radio Manzanillo" was the first station in town. In 1957, XECS moved to 960 kHz, broadcasting with 1,000 watts and began operating at night. The concession was transferred to Radio Manzanillo in 1985. Another power increase to 5,000 watts, accompanied by one final frequency change to 690 kHz, took place in the early 1990s.
XECS migrated to FM in 2011 as XHECS-FM 96.1. The XHECS callsign had previously belonged to a station located in Encinillas, Chihuahua, that changed its calls to XHCHI-FM in the late 2000s.
# Wu Po-hung

Wu Po Hung (born 22 June 1985) is a Taiwanese former road and track cyclist. He competed in the omnium event at the 2012 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
He finished third in the time trial at the 2013 Taiwanese National Road Championships, and eighth in the road race at the 2014 Asian Games.
# XPAK

XPAK may refer to:
* Expansion pack, for a game console
* XPAK, a smaller version of the XENPAK computer network pluggable transceiver
# Wushu at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's sanshou 70 kg

The men's sanshou 70 kilograms at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held from 11 to 13 October at the Dongseo University Minseok Sports Center.

## Schedule

All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Friday, 11 October 2002 | 14:00 | 1st preliminary round |
| Saturday, 12 October 2002 | 16:00 | Semifinals |
| Sunday, 13 October 2002 | 14:30 | Final |

## Results

| 1st preliminary round | 1st preliminary round | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| | | Magsarjavyn Batjargal (MGL) | 0 | | |
| Si Kam Seng (MAC) | 0 | Metee Ponork (THA) | 2 | | |
| Metee Ponork (THA) | 2 | | | Metee Ponork (THA) | 0 |
| Ardak Saret (KAZ) | 0 | | | Hossein Ojaghi (IRI) | 2 |
| Li Jie (CHN) | 2 | Li Jie (CHN) | 0 | | |
| Sanjar Saparbekov (KGZ) | 0 | Hossein Ojaghi (IRI) | 2 | | |
| Hossein Ojaghi (IRI) | 2 | | | | |
# X Troop

X Troop may refer to:
* No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando#No. 3 Troop ("X" Troop)
* A section from No. 11 Special Air Service Battalion that conducted Operation Colossus
# Wörnitz (river)

The Wörnitz is a river in Bavaria, Germany, a left tributary of the Danube. Its source is near Schillingsfürst, in the Middle Franconia region of Bavaria. It flows south, through the Nördlinger Ries, and flows into the Danube in Donauwörth. Towns along the Wörnitz include Wörnitz, Dinkelsbühl, Wassertrüdingen, Oettingen, Harburg and Donauwörth.