OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yutaka Kamikawa

Yutaka Kamikawa (上川 豊, Kamikawa Yutaka, 11 May 1892- 2 August 2001) was a Japanese physician, who treated leprosy patients and studied leprosy. He worked at Kikuchi Keifuen Sanatorium and Losheng Sanatorium in Taiwan, and Tohoku Shinseien Sanatorium in Japan and studied chaulmoogra oil.

## Life

He was born in Hiroshima Prefecture in 1892 and studied medicine at Nagasaki Medical School, Nagasaki University. In 1919, he worked at Kyushu Sanatorium Kikuchi Keifuen Sanatorium and studied chaulmoogra oil. He obtained Ph.D. from Kyoto University in 1930 and became the first director of national Taiwan Sanatorium, now called Losheng Sanatorium. He intensively studied leprosy patients there. New patients were hospitalized but healed patients were discharged. In 1946 he returned to Japan but lost valuable data during repatriation. In 1947 he worked at Tohoku Shinseien Sanatorium and became its director in 1948. He retired in 1965.

## Death

Kamikawa died at 109 in August 2, 2001.

## Works

* The beneficial effects of chaulmoogra oil (Report 1–5) (1930)
* The history and distribution of leprosy in Formosa (1940) Int J Leprosy 8,3,345.
* The treatments of leprosy at the present time (1939). A review of 30 pages, presented as a special lecture at the 13th Congress of the Japanese leprosy Association at Sendai.
* 50 years of the Japanese leprosy association from the viewpoint of leprosy control (1977) Jpn J Leprosy 46:168–170.

## Chaulmoogra oil

Review of treatments of leprosy, especially on chaulmoogra oil. He made a special lecture on this title at the 13th Congress of the Japanese Association of Leprosy in 1939 at Sendai. His review included treatments of leprosy with gold, silver, cupper, arsenics, iodine, timol, pigments, nonspecific immune therapies, sulfon drugs, vitamine, bacterial toxins, serum therapies, nutritional therapies; especially chaulmoogra oil. On sulphon-amids, he tested Therapol (paraamino-benzolsulfon amid) and found it was effective in 55.6% (10 cases) out of 18 cases. However, he concluded that with Therapol only, the sulphon-amids could not be expected as treatment of leprosy. On chaulmoogra oil, he reported it was effective in 30% in the Kyushu Sanatorium (he studied it between 1919 and 1930) and in 56.6% in Formosa (data between 1930 and 1939), while Hayashi Y. reported that it was effective in 50–80% of cases in the Zenshoen Hospital, Tama Zenshoen Sanatorium. He concluded that chaulmoogra oil was the only hopeful treatment for patients whose leprosy was not severe, and the mechanism was the activation of the immune system by stimulating the reticulo-endothelial system or lymphatic system. This was also the conclusion of his reports for Ph.D. in 1930.

## Honors

* November 1965: The Order of the Rising Sun, Second Class.

## Healed, discharged patients at Tohoku Shinseien Sanatorium

| Year | Patients |
| 1940 | 9 |
| 1941 | 21 |
| 1942 | 13 |
| 1943 | 8 |
| 1944 | 2 |
| 1945 | 5 |
| 1946 | 3 |
| 1947 | 0 |
| 1948 | 0 |
| 1949 | 3 |
| 1950 | 0 |
| 1951 | 0 |
| 1952 | 1 |
| 1953 | 0 |
| 1954 | 2 |
| 1955 | 1 |
| 1956 | 2 |
| 1957 | 3 |
| 1958 | 2 |
| 1959 | 2 |
| 1960 | 29 |
| 1961 | 7 |
| 1962 | 6 |
# La chingada

La chingada is a term commonly used in colloquial, even crass, Mexican Spanish that refers to various conditions or situations of, generally, negative connotations. The word is derived from the verb chingar, "to fuck".
The concept of "la chingada" has been famously analysed by Octavio Paz in his book The Labyrinth of Solitude.

## Spanish uses of the expression

The following list of expressions featuring "la chingada" appear in Gómez de Silva's Diccionario breve de mexicanismos (2001):
* Estar dado a la chingada: "to be given to la chingada," that is, ruined, that you have lost everything.
* Estar de la chingada: to be somehow too bad, difficult, or complicated.
* Ir hecho la chingada: to go lightning-fast.
* Ir a la chingada: "to go to la chingada," or to go away upset, to go fuck yourself.
* Irse algo a la chingada: to break or damage something, something "going away to la chingada".
* Llevárselo a alguien la chingada: to be angry, or in a tight spot.
* Hijo de tu chingada madre: "you son of your fucking mother" or "hijo de tu puta madre" (literally: son of your whore mother) meaning "you son of a whore" and also "hijo-esu (hijo de su) puta madre" is similar to saying "son of a bitch" in general. Hijo de su chingada madre can be idiomatically translated as "Son of your fucking mom" (madre means mother, chingada is "fuck" or other bad words).
* Mandar a alguien a la chingada: "send someone to la chingada," which means saying goodbye with disdain or annoyance to someone who is bothersome.
* ¡Me lleva la chingada!: "I'm fucked!", exclamation of protest that is used to give vent to anger, when adversity is experienced, or surprise; euphemistic forms are: ¡me lleva la fregada!, la tía de las muchachas —the aunt of the girls—, la que se cayó por asomarse —the one that fell because peeked—, la tiznada —the begrimed—, la tostada —the toast, the tan one—, la trampa —the trap—, el tren —the train—, la tristeza —the sadness—, la trompada —the slap—, la verga —the dick—.
* Vete a la chingada: "Fuck off!" or "go to hell"
* Tu chingada madre: "you motherfucker", or also like: "your fucked mother".
# Robert Kerr (Australian footballer)

Robert "Robbie" Kerr (born 19 March 1967) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne and the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Kerr was recruited to North Melbourne from Corpus Christie. He made three appearances for North Melbourne in both the 1987 and 1988 seasons.
After playing for Brunswick in 1989, Kerr was picked up by Sydney in the 1990 Pre-Season Draft.
# Balochi

Balochi, sometimes spelt in various other ways, may refer to:
* Balochi language, a language of Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan
* an adjective for something related to the Baloch people, an ethnic group of Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan
* an adjective for something related to any of the other entities known as Baloch (disambiguation)
* Baluchi (disambiguation), several places with the name in Iran and Afghanistan
# Osmium borides

Osmium borides are compounds of osmium and boron. Their most remarkable property is potentially high hardness. It is thought that a combination of high electron density of osmium with the strength of boron-osmium covalent bonds will make osmium borides superhard materials, however this has not been demonstrated yet. For example, OsB$_2$ is hard (hardness comparable to that of sapphire), but not superhard.

## Synthesis

Osmium borides are produced in vacuum or inert atmosphere to prevent formation of osmium tetroxide, which is a hazardous compound. Synthesis occurs at high temperatures (~1000 °C) from a mixture of MgB$_2$ and OsCl$_3$.

## Structure

Three osmium borides are known: OsB, Os$_2$B$_3$ and OsB$_2$. The first two have hexagonal structure, similar to that of rhenium diboride. Osmium diboride was first also sought as hexagonal, but one of its phases was later reassigned to orthorhombic. In recent methods of synthesis, it has also been found that a hexagonal phase of OsB$_2$ exists with a similar structure to ReB$_2$.
# Persoonia rufa

Persoonia rufa is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the a restricted area of New South Wales. It is an erect to spreading shrub with hairy young branchlets, elliptic leaves, and yellow flowers borne in groups of up to twelve on a rachis up to 110 mm (4.3 in), each flower with a leaf at its base.

## Description

Persoonia rufa is an erect to spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 1–2.5 m (3 ft 3 in – 8 ft 2 in) and has smooth bark, and branchlets that are covered with brownish to rust-coloured hairs when young. The leaves are elliptical, 30–80 mm (1.2–3.1 in) long and 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) wide. The flowers are arranged in groups of up to twelve along a rachis up to 110 mm (4.3 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long with a leaf or scale leaf at its base. The tepals are yellow and 10–14 mm (0.39–0.55 in) long. Flowering occurs from December to February and the fruit is a drupe that is green or green with purple stripes.

## Taxonomy and naming

Persoonia rufa was first formally described in 1991 by Peter H. Weston and Lawrie Johnson from a specimen collected in the Gibraltar Range National Park in 1990 and the description was published in Telopea. The specific epithet (rufa) refers to the reddish hairs on the young branchlets.

## Distribution and habitat

This geebung is restricted to the Gibraltar Range National Park where it grows in eucalypt forest on soils derived from granite.
# Volume control

Volume control can refer to:
* Volume controlled continuous mandatory ventilation
* Potentiometer, a feature on audio equipment for adjusting the sound level
** Remote control
** Universal remote
# Balkhab River

Balkhab is a river in Sar-e Pol Province, Afghanistan.
# Yuqing Gao

Yuqing Gao is a Computer Scientist noted for her research on middleware and speech-to-speech translation.

## Biography

Gao received a Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from Southeast University in Jiangsu, China in 1989.
She worked at Apple Computer from 1993-1995. She had a long career at IBM as a manager and researcher from 1995-2014, and was an IBM Distinguished Engineer in 2013. Between 2015 and 2020, she was with Microsoft. As of 2020, she is with Amazon.

## Awards

Her notable awards include:
* IEEE Fellow (2009)
* 2009 ABIE Award Winner
# La Raulito

La Raulito (Little Ralph) is a 1975 Argentine film directed by Lautaro Murúa and written by Rocío Dúrcal, Manuel Alexandre and Rafaela Aparicio.
In a survey of the 100 greatest films of Argentine cinema carried out by the Museo del Cine Pablo Ducrós Hicken in 2000, the film reached the 18th position.

## Synopsis

The film tells the story of a real life fan of Boca Juniors football club, María Esther Duffau, who as a teenage girl adopted the identity of a man in order to survive on the streets of Buenos Aires.
The film shows the teenage Raulito wandering between a reformatory for juvenile offenders, prison and psychiatric hospital. Raulito manages to escape, and finds work at Constitución railway station in Barrio Constitución. Raulito meets up with another street child and they become close friends. They both eventually manage to escape to Mar del Plata.

## Release

The film premiered in Argentina on 10 July 1975.

## Cast

The cast list (in alphabetical order) was:
* Adriana Aizemberg
* Martín Andrade
* Christina Banegas
* Roberto Carnaghi
* Pablo Cedrón
* Mónica Escudero
* Zulema Katz
* Virginia Lago
* Juanita Lara
* Anita Larronde
* Carlos Lasarte
* Mario Luciani
* Jorge Martínez
* Duilio Marzio
* Fernanda Mistral
* Irene Morack
* Ana María Picchio
* Luis Politti
* Marilina Ross
* Blanquita Silván
* Nelly Tesolín
* María Vaner

## Miscellaneous

A follow-up film was released in Spain in 1976, La Raulito Released, starring Charo López with a screenplay by Eduardo Barreiros and Eduardo Mignogna. The real life La Raulito, Mary Esher Duffau, died at the age of 74 on 30 April 2008, on the same day Boca Juniors played a Copa Libertadores match against the Brazilian club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, with the players and fans observing a minute's silence in her remembrance.
# LG Lotus (LX600)

LG Lotus (LX600) is a phone Introduced on September 10, 2008. The phone is marketed as a fashion forward device by Sprint Nextel. It was designed by fashion designer Christian V. Siriano.
The LG Lotus has enhanced messaging features including a wide display screen and a full QWERTY keyboard. It is available exclusively through Sprint.
The phone came in 3 different colors: black, purple, and red. The phone was on Sprint's 3G CDMA EvDO network. The LG Lotus was also sold on MVNOs such as Q Link Wireless.

## Features

* QWERTY Keyboard
* External music controls
* 2.0-megapixel camera and camcorder
* Bluetooth-capable
* microSDTM Memory Port
A scarf was also designed by Siriano to complement the phone. The scarf features a pocket specifically tailored to fit the LG Lotus.
# Kalisen railway station

vteKharagpur–Bankura–Adra line :
Legend :
Sources: :
Kalisen railway station is a halt railway station on Kharagpur–Bankura–Adra line in Adra railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Bankura-Bishnupur Road, Shalihan at Indkata of Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

In 1901, the Kharagpur–Midnapur Branch line was opened. The Midnapore–Jharia extension of the Bengal Nagpur Railway, passing through Bankura District was opened in 1903–04. The Adra–Bheduasol sector was electrified in 1997–98 and the Bheduasol–Salboni sector in 1998–99.
# Ronaldinho Gomes

Ronaldinho Gomes (born 22 January 1979) is a Santomean footballer.

## International career

Gomes played for the São Tomé and Príncipe national football team on November 16, 2003 in a World Cup 2006 qualifying match against Libya in Benghazi. The squad lost 0-8.
# International Socialism (magazine)

International Socialism is a British-based quarterly journal established in 1960 and published in London by the Socialist Workers Party which discusses socialist theory. It is currently edited by Joseph Choonara who replaced Alex Callinicos, who took over for ten years in November 2009 after Chris Harman died.
The current journal is the second series following an earlier series which ran from 1960 to 1978 publishing a total of 104 issues. Originally edited by Michael Kidron for its first five years, with Alasdair MacIntyre co-editing it alongside him for 18 months, subsequently the first series was variously edited by Nigel Harris, Chris Harman, Duncan Hallas and Alex Callinicos. The second series was originally edited by Peter Binns, who was succeeded as editor by John Rees. Previously, a single issue of a duplicated journal of this name had been published in 1958 and the first edition of Tony Cliff's essay on Rosa Luxemburg was published, in book form, as issue 2/3 in series with this otherwise one-off publication.
# Persoonia saundersiana

Persoonia saundersiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, spreading shrub with hairy young branchlets, linear leaves, and bright yellow flowers borne in groups of up to twenty-five on a rachis up to 100 mm (3.9 in) that continues to grow after flowering.

## Description

Persoonia saundersiana is an erect to spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.5–5 m (1 ft 8 in – 16 ft 5 in) with smooth bark apart from rough, peeling bark near the base, and young branchlets that are covered with greyish hair. The leaves are linear, 40–210 mm (1.6–8.3 in) long, 1–3.2 mm (0.039–0.126 in) wide and curved upwards. The flowers are arranged in groups of up to twenty-five along a rachis up to 100 mm (3.9 in) long that continues to grow after flowering, each flower on a hairy pedicel 3.5–20 mm (0.14–0.79 in) long with a leaf or a scale leaf at the base. The tepals are bright yellow, 9.5–14 mm (0.37–0.55 in) long, the side tepals prominently asymmetrical and the lower tepal sac-like. Flowering mostly occurs from September to November and the fruit is a smooth, elliptical drupe 7–11 mm (0.28–0.43 in) long and 5–7.5 mm (0.20–0.30 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

Persoonia saundersiana was first formally described in 1855 by Carl Meissner in Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany from specimens collected by James Drummond.

## Distribution and habitat

This geebung grows in scrub and mallee heath in the area between Minnivale, Tammin, Lake Hope and Comet Vale in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Geraldton Sandplains, Mallee, Murchison and Yalgoo biogeographic regions in the south-west of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Persoonia saundersiana is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Gungganyji

The Guŋgañji, also transcribed Gungganyji, Gunggandji, Kongkandji, and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland.

## Language

The Guŋgañji speak Gungay, a dialect of the Yidiny language.

## Country

Norman Tindale's estimate of Guŋgañji lands sets them at 390 square kilometres (150 sq mi). They are rainforest people, living around the Cape Grafton peninsula, west of the Prior Range, and their southern extension runs down to Palmer Point (Wararitji) and the mouth of Mulgrave River.

## Alternative names

* Kunggandji, Kunggandyi
* Kungganji, Kungandji, Koongangie
* Goonganji, Goonganjee
* Gunggay
* Kooganji
* Koo-gun-ji
* Gurugulu
# Jan Blatný

Jan Blatný (born 24 March 1970) is a Czech physician, teacher and politician. On 29 October 2020 he was named as Minister of Health of the Czech Republic by Prime Minister Andrej Babiš following the resignation of Roman Prymula. On 7 April 2021 he was replaced by Petr Arenberger.
# Yuantouzhu

Yuantouzhu (Chinese: 鼋头渚; pinyin: Yuán tóu zhǔ) is a peninsula which lies on the northwestern shore of Lake Tai, near Wuxi in China's Jiangsu province. It was established as a park in 1916 and celebrated its centennial in 2016.
Yuantouzhu, or "Turtle Head Isle" in English (so called because its shape resembles a turtle's head), is a popular scenic tourist region. Tourist ferries leave from Yuantouzhu to the Sanshan Islands (三山岛), which were opened to tourists in the mid-1980s. Seagulls follow the boat and like to be fed by tourists on boat.
The Yuantouzhu park is famous for its tourism especially during the spring season from March to April when hundreds of cherry blossom trees start to bloom. Two gates are open for tourists which are Chongshan gate and Dushan main gate. During the season, there are also at least eight ancient fishing sailboats in the lake.
# La Hoya

La Hoya may refer to:
* La Hoya, Salamanca, a small municipality of Salamanca province, Spain
* La Hoya, Alava, an important Bronze-Iron Age town of Biasteri (Alava, Basque Country)
* La Hoya, Veracruz, former name of Acajete, Veracruz, Mexico
* La Hoya, or La Hoia, Chihuahua, Mexico
# Küpler, Akçakoca

Küpler is a village in the Akçakoca District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 84 (2022).
# Bailu Subdistrict, Yingtan

Bailu Subdistrict (Chinese: 白露街道; pinyin: Báilù Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Yuehu District, Yingtan, Jiangxi, China. As of 2018, it has 8 residential communities and 2 villages under its administration.
# Ostedes harmandi

Ostedes harmandi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1968.
# Wang Ai-fen

Wang Ai-fen (Chinese: 王靄芬, born 1912) was a Chinese educator and politician. She was among the first group of women elected to the Legislative Yuan in 1948.

## Biography

Originally from Xiaoshan County in Zhejiang Province, Wang studied at the Peking University, graduating from the Department of Foreign Languages and Literature. She then studied for a master's degree at the University of Paris. Returning to China, she worked as a lecturer at Peking University and Fu Jen Catholic University, later becoming a professor at the University of Shanghai. She was appointed chair of the Beiping Women's Anti-Japanese National Salvation League and became involved with the New Life Movement, serving as director general of its women's section in Beiping. After serving on Beiping municipal council, she was one of the first elected members of Beiping City Council.
In the 1948 elections for the Legislative Yuan, she was a Kuomintang candidate in Beiping and was elected to parliament. She relocated to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War, where she remained a member of the Legislative Yuan and became a professor at National Taiwan Normal University. She also taught at Shih Hsin University and Tamkang University.
Wang was married twice, to Fang Xianxu and later Duan Maolan [zh], a diplomat who served as ambassador to several countries.
# Gunggamarandu

Gunggamarandu (meaning "river boss" in Barunggam and Wakka Wakka) is an extinct monospecific genus of tomistomine crocodilian from Pliocene-Pleistocene aged deposits in the Darling Downs (possibly the Riversleigh lagerstätte) of Australia. Gunggamarandu represents the first tomistomine known from Oceania and it is also the southernmost known tomistomine to date. The type, and only known, species is Gunggamarandu maunala (meaning "head hole", after the Barunggam words for such), which was described by Jorgo Ristevski et al. in 2021.

## Discovery and naming

The holotype of Gunggamarandu, QMF14.548 (a partial cranium), was discovered no later than the 1870s, probably around 1875, and it was part of the "old collection" at the Queensland Museum in Brisbane and QMF14.548 was later accessioned into the Queensland Museum collection on January 8, 1914. In 1995, Salisbury et al. suggested that QMF14.548 may have been a gavialoid. QMF14.548 was formally described in 2021 by Jorgo Ristevski et al. and it was named Gunggamarandu maunala. It was found in a layer of rock in the Darling Downs in Australia, which dates to the Pliocene-Pleistocene ages, sometime around 5–2 million years ago. The western Darling Downs is predominantly Pliocene, while the rest is mainly Pleistocene, but since it is unknown exactly where in the Darling Downs the holotype of Gunggamarandu was discovered, its exact age is unknown.

## Description

Upon describing Gunggamarandu, Ristevski et al. (2021) stated that Gunggamarandu was a large-sized animal. No size estimates were given, but they did estimate that the skull would have been at least 80 centimetres (2.6 ft) when complete. Some sources outside of Ristevski et al. (2021) estimate that Gunggamarandu may have grown up to 7 metres (23 ft) long when fully grown.

## Classification

Salisbury et al. (1995) classified the then unnamed Gunggamarandu as a possible gavialoid, while Ristevski et al. (2021), who formally named and described the animal, placed Gunggamarandu into the Tomistominae as the sister taxon to Dollosuchoides, although its precise position in the group is uncertain due to the scant nature of the holotype. The authors also found Gunggamarandu morphologically distinct from all other known Australian crocodylians, thus by default making Gunggamarandu not referable to Mekosuchinae or even closely related to Crocodylus.
The results of the analysis can be shown in the cladogram below:

## Paleoecology

In the Darling Downs, where the holotype was discovered, Gunggamarandu would have shared its habitat with a number of species, such as: several species of bandicoots (Peramelidae), the marsupials Diprotodon, Euryzygoma, Palorchestes and Thylacoleo, and it may have competed in the same, or a similar ecological niche, to the mekosuchine crocodylian Paludirex and possibly also an unnamed species of Ziphodont crocodile, which was the second found in the area in 150 years since around 1860.