OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Honda Shadow Sabre

The Honda Shadow Sabre (VT1100C2) refers to a cruiser-type motorcycle, that is part of the larger family of Honda Shadow. It was introduced in 2000 replacing the earlier Shadow A.C.E. It was retired after the year 2007. The Sabre name is being used again in the new 2010 Honda VT1300C custom line.
The Shadow Sabre was, at its introduction, the hot rod (or in motorcycle jargon, the street rod) of Honda's cruiser line. As such, it has lower gearing than other 1100cc Shadows, for a stronger punch off the line, while retaining exactly the same (dual pin crank) engine as the others. The Sabre, as with the other Shadow 1100 models, were made at Honda's Marysville Motorcycle Plant in Ohio, for the domestic and export markets.
# Madison Township, Richland County, Illinois

Madison Township is located in Richland County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 819 and it contained 385 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 40.85 square miles (105.8 km$^2$), of which 40.83 square miles (105.7 km$^2$) (or 99.95%) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.052 km$^2$) (or 0.05%) is water.
# Steinefrenz

Steinefrenz is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Steinefrenz is located in the administrative district Westerwaldkreis and has a population of 803 people (Dec. 2020).

## Geography

The community is located within the Westerwald, between Montabaur and Limburg an der Lahn and 25 km away from Koblenz. It is associated to the Verbandsgemeinde of Wallmerod an association of municipalities having its seat in the same-named town.

## History

In 959 Steinefrenz had its first documentary mention as Brencede.

## Politics

The municipal council is made up of 12 council members who are elected for a period of four years in a majority vote in a municipal election.

## Economy and infrastructure

East of the community runs Bundesstraße 8, linking Limburg an der Lahn and Hennef. The nearest Autobahn interchange is Diez on the A 3 (Cologne–Frankfurt), some 7 km away. The nearest InterCityExpress stops are Montabaur station and Limburg Süd station on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line. It has a station on the Lower Westerwald Railway Unterwesterwaldbahn from Limburg to Siershahn.
# Fang-Fang Yin

Fang-Fang Yin is a Chinese-born radiologist.
Yin earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Zhejiang University in 1982. He subsequently moved to the United States, completing a Master of Science degree at Bowling Green State University in 1987, followed by a doctorate at the University of Chicago in 1992. Yin teaches at Duke University, where he is affiliated with the Duke Cancer Institute, and was appointed the Gustavo S. Montana Professor of Radiation Oncology in 2021.
# Tyrolienne

The tyrolienne is a type of Tyrolean folk dance. Additionally, it is the French word for "ziplining."
# Henry Willoughby, 5th Baron Middleton

Henry Willoughby, 5th Baron Middleton (19 December 1726 – 14 June 1800), was an English nobleman, the son of Hon. Thomas Willoughby.
He was born at York in 1726 and entered Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1745. He succeeded his father in 1742, inheriting Birdsall House. In 1757, he served as High Sheriff of Yorkshire. He succeeded his cousin Thomas Willoughby to the Middleton barony and estates (Wollaton Park and Middleton Hall, Warwickshire) in 1781.
He married Dorothy Cartwright in 1756 and lived in the family seat at Wollaton Park, Nottinghamshire. They had three children:
* Henry Willoughby, 6th Baron Middleton (1761–1835)
* Hon. Dorothy Willoughby (d. 13 April 1824, married on 24 November 1784 Richard Langley of Wykeham Abbey
* Hon. Henrietta Willoughby (d. March 1846), married Richard Lumley-Saunderson, 6th Earl of Scarbrough
His memorial is in St. Leonard's Church, Wollaton.
# Two-colored blind snake

The two-colored blind snake (Tricheilostoma bicolor) is a species of snake in the family Leptotyphlopidae. This species of snake are small, with a range usually between 15 and 20 cm in length.
# Govinda puram

Govinda puram is a village in Ganjam district in the south of Odisha, India, bordering Andhra Pradesh. It is located southeast of Berhampur and northeast of Ichchapuram. Govinda puram is a business center catering to surrounding villages. The major occupations are agriculture and trading.
19°09′53″N 84°46′33″E﻿ / ﻿19.164848°N 84.775734°E﻿ / 19.164848; 84.775734
* This article about a location in Ganjam district, Odisha, India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Motor speech disorders

Motor speech disorders are a class of speech disorders that disturb the body's natural ability to speak due to neurologic impairments. These neurologic impairments make it difficult for individuals with motor speech disorders to plan, program, control, coordinate, and execute speech productions. Disturbances to the individual's natural ability to speak vary in their etiology based on the integrity and integration of cognitive, neuromuscular, and musculoskeletal activities. Speaking is an act dependent on thought and timed execution of airflow and oral motor / oral placement of the lips, tongue, and jaw that can be disrupted by weakness in oral musculature (dysarthria) or an inability to execute the motor movements needed for specific speech sound production (apraxia of speech or developmental verbal dyspraxia). Such deficits can be related to pathology of the nervous system (central and /or peripheral systems involved in motor planning) that affect the timing of respiration, phonation, prosody, and articulation in isolation or in conjunction.

## Dysarthria

Dysarthria is the reduced ability to motor plan volitional movements needed for speech production as the result of weakness/paresis and/or paralysis of the musculature of the oral mechanism needed for respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, and/or prosody.

## Apraxia

There are two types of Apraxia. Developmental (or Childhood Apraxia of speech) or acquired Apraxia. Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a neurological childhood speech sound disorder that involves impaired precision and consistency of movements required for speech production without any neuromuscular deficits (ASHA, 2007a, Definitions of CAS section, para. 1). Both are the inability to plan volitional motor movements for speech production in the absence of muscular weakness. Apraxia is not a result of sensory problems, or physical issues with the articulatory structures themselves, simply the way the brain plans to move them.

### Developmental verbal dyspraxia

Developmental verbal dyspraxia is a developmental inability to motor plan volitional movement for the production of speech in the absence of muscular weakness. Research has suggested links to the FOXP2 gene.
# Mortrée

Mortrée (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, the former commune Saint-Hilaire-la-Gérard was merged into Mortrée.

## Geography

The commune of Mortrée is made up of the following villages and hamlets, Mortrée, Méhéran, La Grande Fosse and Saint-Hilaire-la-Gérard.
Mortrée has a total of 10 water courses running through it, three rivers The Orne, La Senneviere and La Thouane. The other seven watercourses are all streams, la Gironde, The Aprel, The Ponts Besnard, La Forêt, The Renardieres, The Cercueil & the vallees.
Parts of the commune is within the Normandie-Maine Regional Natural Park and Forêt d'Écouves.
Mortrée along with another 70 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
vteNeighbouring communes :
Médavy
Le Château-d'Almenêches
Macé
Montmerrei & Boischampré
Mortrée
Belfonds
Le Cercueil
Tanville
La Ferrière-Béchet :

## Notable buildings and places

* La carrière des Vaux is a Regional Nature Reserve that is 0.37 hectares in area, making it the smallest nature reserve in France. The reserve was a former quarry that contains many fossils from Conodonts that are naked to the human eye.

### National heritage sites

The Commune has 3 buildings and areas listed as a Monument historique.
* Château d'O a 15th century castle built by Jean d'O, captain of the Scottish guard of François I.
* Logis a 15th century house used for accommodation, listed as a monument in 1995.
* Saint-Pierre Church a 19th century church, listed as a monument in 2006.

## Notable People

* René Hardy (1911 -1987) a French Resistance member was born here.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Mortrée | The arms of Mortrée are blazoned : Ermine, on a chief indented gules an escallop Or. |

## Town twinning

Mortrée is twinned with towns are:
* Shrivenham, Oxfordshire – England.
# Gouaix

Gouaix (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants are called Gouaillons.
# Van Duyne House

Van Duyne House may refer to:
in Montville, New Jersey and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Morris County, New Jersey:
* James Van Duyne Farmhouse
* Martin Van Duyne House
* Simon Van Duyne House
* Van Duyne–Jacobus House
Other locations:
# Van Hamel

Van Hamel or Vanhamel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* A. G. van Hamel (1886–1945), Dutch academic
* Mike Van Hamel (born 1989), Belgian footballer
* Tim Vanhamel (born 1977), Belgian rock musician
# Gouni

Gouni is a small town and seat of the commune of Meguetan in the Cercle of Kangaba in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali.
# Mortuos Plango, Vivos Voco

Mortuos Plango, Vivos Voco ("I Mourn the Dead, I Call the Living") for eight-track tape is a musical composition created in 1980 by Jonathan Harvey, with the assistance of Stanley Haynes and Xavier Rodet, commissioned by the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris. The two sounds contrasted are the tenor bell at Winchester Cathedral, England and the voice of the composer's son Dominic, at the time a chorister there, both recorded by John Whiting. The text is taken from that written on the bell: Horas Avolantes Numero, Mortuos Plango: Vivos ad Preces Voco ("I count the fleeing hours, I lament the dead: the living I call to prayer"). Music V was used to analyze and transform the sounds.
The music is 'octophonic', being projected into the auditorium through a cube of eight channels: "the ideal listener is 'inside' the bell, its partials distributed in space; the boy's voice flies around, derived from, yet becoming the bell sound." "The eight sections are based on one of the principal eight lowest partials. Chords are constructed from the repertoire of thirty-three partials [of the bell], and modulations from one area of the spectrum to another are achieved by means of glissandi."
The bell's spectrum, though on C, contains F harmonic series partials, "'to curiously thrilling and disturbing effect.'" "Such 'unanalyzable' secondary strike notes are quite common in bells."
The organization of the piece, "modulating 'from a bigger bell to a smaller bell,'" may, "be interpreted in a number of ways:"
* "as a quasi-tonal procedure" ["hierarchies analogous to (but distinct from) the traditional western tonal system."]
* "as an attempt to transfer serial processes to electronic music"
* "as a 'prolongation' of the initial inharmonic series"
* "'as different perspectives on an object that is always present'" per Michael Clarke
According to Curtis Roads, "Three compositions produced in the 1980s stand as good examples of compositional manipulation of analysis data: Mortuos Plango, Vivos Voco (1981) [sic] by Jonathan Harvey, Désintegrations (1983, Salabert Trajectoires) by Tristan Murail, and Digital Moonscapes (1985, CBS/Sony) by Wendy Carlos." Mortuos Plango, Vivos Voco is notable both within and without Harvey's career: "it showed the [IRCAM] institute's apparently esoteric research programme could yield music capable of appealing to a wider audience," and it "continues the process, established in the String Quartet, of initiating a work with the detailed investigation of a single sound—in this case the Winchester bell. The crucial difference is that whereas the open D string used as the basis of the earlier work may be heard as a harmonic series, the bell produces a spectrum of partials not harmonically related to one another or to the fundamental c."
# Morva Croxson

Morva Olwyn Croxson CBE (née Jones; born 1934) is a New Zealand music therapist. She was the first woman to serve as chancellor of Massey University.

## Education and career

Croxson was born in 1934, and was educated at Otago Girls' High School and St Dominic's College in Dunedin. She went on to study at the University of Otago, Victoria University of Wellington and the University of Auckland, graduating from the latter with a Bachelor of Music degree in 1965. She earned a Diploma of Teaching in 1979, and graduated from Massey University in 1988 with a Master of Philosophy in education for her thesis titled The effect of music therapy on motor control of cerebral palsied children.
To celebrate the centenary of women's suffrage in New Zealand, Croxson was selected as one of eight women to give graduation addresses at Massey University in 1993.
In 1997, she was the first woman to be appointed chancellor of Massey University. She served in that role from 1998 to 2002.

## Honours and awards

In the 1995 Queen's Birthday Honours, Croxson was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to arts and the community. She was made a life member of Music Therapy New Zealand in 1999. In 2003, she was awarded a Doctor of Literature (honoris causa) by Massey University.
# Vangueria bowkeri

Vangueria bowkeri is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to South Africa and Eswatini. It was described by Walter Robyns in 1928 and named after Colonel James Henry Bowker, the collector of the type specimen.
# Government Center station

Government Center station may refer to:
* Government Center station (GRTC), a BRT stop in Richmond, Virginia, United States
* Government Center station (MBTA), a subway station in Boston, Massachusetts, United States
* Government Center station (Miami), an intermodal transit station in Miami, Florida, United States
* Government Centre station, a light rail station in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
# Van der Hoeven's organ

Van der Hoeven's organ is the infrabuccal lamellar organ in the adult male of genus Nautilus. It consists of a pair of fleshy narrow parallel lobes each containing 15-19 lamellae. It is analogous to Owen's laminated organ of the females, which is also infrabuccal and also lamellar, though females have an additional secondary sexual organ, the organ of Valenciennes. It along with the spadix and antispadix comprise the secondary sexual organs of the male. Its function has been described as possibly olfactory, but since its discovery in the mid nineteenth century its exact function, like that of its counterpart, has never been adequately explained— this is why it remains named after the naturalist who first described it rather than having an organ name like "heart" or "gill".
# Motobloc

Motobloc was a French automobile manufacturer, building vehicles from 1902 to 1931 in a factory in Bordeaux.

## History

The company was a descendant of the earlier Schaudel marque, which was noted for the development of an innovative engine design which combined the engine, clutch and gearbox in a single main casing. Unfortunately, this made it so that engine oil would seep into the transmission. Schaudel constructed automobiles from 1900 to 1902, and in June 1902 "la Societe Anonyme des automobiles Motobloc" was established to continue vehicle production based on the Schaudel designs.
A 1908 model Motobloc was among the six entries in the 1908 New York to Paris Race. Motobloc entered the race at its start in New York but withdrew in Iowa due to breakdowns and a lack of funds. The name Motobloc is one of the car company names featured on a placard at the beginning of the movie Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
# Motobu Airfield

Motobu Airfield is a World War II airfield on the Motobu Peninsula of Okinawa, near the East China Sea coast. The airfield was deactivated after 1945.

## History

The airfield was built in April 1945 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and United States Navy Seabees as a combat airfield to support the Army and Marine Corps ground forces during the Battle of Okinawa. It had a 7,000' x 100' single runway and was used as the support field for Headquarters, Fifth Air Force and its subordinate commands on Okinawa from August through October 1945 until they moved to Honshu, Japan for postwar occupation duty.

## Units assigned

* Headquarters, Fifth Air Force*, August 4 – September 25, 1945
* Headquarters, V Bomber Command*, August–October 1945
* Headquarters, V Fighter Command*, August–October 1945
* Headquarters, 308th Bombardment Wing*, June 16 – September 22, 1945
.* Assigned to nearby town of Hamasaki and used Motobu Airfield for air operations.
In addition to the Army units, several Navy aviation squadrons used the airfield. Its postwar use is undetermined. Today, parts of the runway can still be seen on aerial photography.
# Grand Etang and Annandale Forest Reserves

The Grand Etang and Annandale Forest Reserves are contiguous protected areas located in the south central interior mountains of Grenada. Together they encompass the largest declared terrestrial protected area in Grenada followed by the Mount St. Catherine Forest Reserve. The Grand Etang and Annandale Forest Reserves are managed together.
# Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

Vascular and Endovascular Surgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers the field of vascular surgery. It was established in 1967 and is published by SAGE Publications. The editor-in-chief is Thomas Maldonado.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2012 impact factor is 0.859, ranking it 65 out of 65 journals in the category "Peripheral Vascular Disease" and 176 out of 203 journals in the category "Surgery".
# Vascular access steal syndrome

Vascular access steal syndrome is a syndrome caused by ischemia (not enough blood flow) resulting from a vascular access device (such as an arteriovenous fistula or synthetic vascular graft–AV fistula) that was installed to provide access for the inflow and outflow of blood during hemodialysis.

## Signs

* Pallor
* Diminished pulses (distal to the fistula)
* Necrosis
* Decreased wrist-brachial index (ratio of blood pressure measured in the wrist and the blood pressure measured in the upper arm), especially if below 0.6

### Symptoms

* Pain distal to the fistula.
Symptoms are graded by their severity:
* Grade 0: No symptoms of steal
* Grade 1: Mild - cool extremity, improvement in hand pulse with access occlusion
* Grade 2: Moderate - Ischemic symptoms during dialysis
* Grade 3: Severe - Ischemic hand pain outside of dialysis; Ulcers or gangrene of the fingers

## Diagnosis

* History and physical exam - relief of symptoms with compression of the fistula on exam is highly suggestive of steal
* Arteriography
* Duplex ultrasound

## Treatment

The fistula flow can be restricted through banding, or modulated through surgical revision.

### Revascularization techniques

* Distal Revascularization and Interval Ligation (DRIL) procedure
* PAI (Proximalization of the Arterial Inflow)
* RUDI (Revision Using Distal Inflow)

### Banding techniques

* Narrowing suture
* Plication
* Minimally invasive MILLER banding
* Tapering
* Surgical banding
If the above methods fail, the fistula is ligated, and a new fistula is created in a more proximal location in the same limb, or in the contralateral limb.

## Incidence

DASS occurs in about 1% of AV fistulas and 2.7-8% of PTFE grafts.

## Terminology

Within the contexts of nephrology and dialysis, vascular access steal syndrome is also less precisely just called steal syndrome (for short), but in wider contexts that term is ambiguous because it can refer to other steal syndromes, such as subclavian steal syndrome or coronary steal syndrome.
# Van Buren Township, Pulaski County, Indiana

Van Buren Township is one of twelve townships in Pulaski County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 854 and it contained 375 housing units.
Van Buren Township was organized in 1842, and named for Martin Van Buren (1782–1862), eighth President of the United States (1837–1841).

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.28 square miles (94.0 km$^2$), all land.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Star City

### Unincorporated towns

* Thornhope at 40°55′33″N 86°31′46″W﻿ / ﻿40.925874°N 86.529450°W﻿ / 40.925874; -86.529450
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Harrison Township (north)
* Union Township, Fulton County (northeast)
* Wayne Township, Fulton County (east)
* Harrison Township, Cass County (southeast)
* Boone Township, Cass County (south)
* Cass Township, White County (southwest)
* Indian Creek Township (west)
* Monroe Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these four cemeteries: Buck, Independent Order of Odd Fellows (now known as Star City West Cemetery), Mull and Victor Chapel.

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 35

## Education

* Eastern Pulaski Community School Corporation
Van Buren Township residents may obtain a free library card from the Pulaski County Public Library in Winamac.

## Political districts

* Indiana's 2nd congressional district
* State House District 16
* State Senate District 18
# Motor drive (photography)

A motor drive, in the field of photography, is a powered film transport mechanism. Historically, film loading, advancing, and rewinding were all manually driven functions.
The desires of professional photographers for more efficient shooting, particularly in sports and wildlife photography, and the desires of amateur and novice photographers for easier to use cameras both drove the development of automatic film transport. Some early developments were made with clockwork drives, but most development in the field has been in the direction of electrically driven transport.
At first, motor drives were external units that attached to the basic camera body, normally beneath it, with an interface consisting of a physical drive socket and some electrical contacts to signal the drive when to actuate. Beginning in the late 1970s, motor drives began to be integrated into cameras themselves—at first, in compact cameras for the beginner market, and by the 1980s, in amateur-grade and later professional-grade single lens reflex cameras. By the 1990s, the vast majority of 35mm cameras had integral motor drive, and the feature found its way into some medium format cameras as well.
Motor drives for compact and amateur cameras wind slowly—shot-to-shot intervals of approximately a second are commonplace. Professional grade cameras are faster, with speeds up to ten frames per second (fps). The first 35 mm SLR to achieve such a shooting speed was Nikon's F High Speed Motor Drive camera, first developed for the 1971 Chicago Photo Expo with 7 fps. To enable this speed and allow the photographer to more easily track the moving subject, this camera used a fixed, semi-transparent pellicle mirror instead of a moving mirror. Later special Canon models used similar mechanisms to achieve such speeds, while cameras with moving mirrors reached approximately five frames per second by the 1980s. Today, the fastest professional models from Canon and Nikon achieve approximately ten frames per second with a moving mirror.
In the digital camera era, some users continue to refer to continuous shooting modes as "motor drive". Many camera models refer to different shooting modes—single shot, burst, continuous, self timer—as drive modes, thus keeping alive the terminology of film. An external battery grip is occasionally referred to as a motor drive as it tends to increase the frame rate.