OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jay Westerdal

Jay Westerdal (born 1978) is an American domainer and entrepreneur, best known for his work creating DomainTools.com, a web service that looks up historical ownership of a website. The whois service was integrated into Google's onebox in May 2008. He later sold the company in 2008 for a reported $16–$18 million. He is a technology blogger.

## Career

Westerdal started Name Intelligence/DomainTools in 2002 in his parents' garage. In May 2005, Jay started the domain conference "Domain RoundTable". He later sold DomainTools in 2008 to Thought Convergence, Inc. The following year, after being acquired, he left TCI.

## Writing

Westerdal's personal blog covers a wide range of topics, focusing mainly on technology, his mobile lifestyle, and search engine optimization from a personal perspective, in contrast to the DomainTools blog, where he wrote in an official capacity. He contributed to the EPP Protocol RFC 4930.
# Perta (Lycaonia)

Perta was a town of ancient Lycaonia, inhabited in Roman and Byzantine times. The town appears as Petra on the Tabula Peutingeriana.
Its site is located near Gimir, known as İpekler in Karatay district, Asiatic Turkey.
# Perry Green

Perry Green may refer to:
* Perry Green (poker player) (born c. 1936), American poker player
* Perry Joseph Green, American philosopher and preacher of the New Thought Movement in the early 1900s
* Perry Green, Essex, a hamlet near the village of Bradwell Juxta Coggeshall, England
* Perry Green, Hertfordshire, hamlet in England
* Perry Green, Wiltshire, hamlet in England
# Jean Cayrol

Jean Cayrol (French:; 6 June 1911 – 10 February 2005) was a French poet, publisher, and member of the Académie Goncourt born in Bordeaux. He is perhaps best known for writing the narration in Alain Resnais's 1955 documentary film, Night and Fog. He was a major contributor to the subversive, philosophical French publication Tel Quel.
In 1941, during the Nazi occupation of France, Cayrol joined the French Resistance, but he was subsequently betrayed, arrested, and sent to the Gusen concentration camp in 1943. He was one of the youngest French inmates at that camp, and consequently was made to do some of the hardest work along with the construction of roads and railways. When Cayrol wanted to die by refusing any further food, his life was saved by Johann Gruber, the "Saint of Gusen." Gruber gave Cayrol some "Gruber soup" in the washroom of barrack No. 20, and intervened for Cayrol to get him transferred to an easier job. Cayrol thereafter worked at the final inspection of Steyr-Daimler-Puch at KL Gusen I (the "Georgenmuehle" command), where he was able to write literature during breaks.
Between February 1944 and April 1945, Cayrol created a large volume of poetry at Gusen I. One of his poems from this era is the text for "Chant d'Espoir", which was set to music by a fellow Gusen I inmate, Remy Gillis, in 1944. Alerte aux ombres 1944–1945, a collection of Cayrol's Gusen texts, was published in 1997.
The figure of Lazarus appears many times in Cayrol's work. Having escaped death himself, Cayrol was fascinated and inspired by the story of Lazarus who died, whom Jesus returned to life after being dead.
Cayrol founded and edited for ten years (1956–66) the review Ecrire, published by Éditions du Seuil, who had recruited him as an editorial adviser in 1949.
He retired to Bordeaux, where he died at the age of 93.
# Pere Salvatge

Pere Salvatge or Peire/Peyre Salvagge was a Catalan troubadour of the late thirteenth century (fl. 1280–1287). He is most notable as a constant attendant at the court of Peter III and Alfonso III of Aragon. He may be the same person as the Peironet who composed poems with Peter III.
Salvatge wrote the third piece in a five-piece cycle of sirventes written in Summer 1285. Early in the summer Bernart d'Auriac inaugurated the political debate by coming to the defence of the "three kings" Philip III of France, Philip of Navarre, and Charles of Valois, who claimed the Crown of Aragon. Under the direction of the French king they invaded Catalonia in the so-called "Aragonese Crusade". After Peter III of Aragon responded to Bernart, Pere responded to Peter in the short piece Senher, reys qu'enamoratz par.
Pere appears to have gotten his nickname from his occupation as a caballero salvaje or cavaller salvatge in the king's house. As such, he acted as messenger and herald. Among his duties was directing the battle cry when the king's armies went to war. Pere is first mentioned by name in 1280 as a juglar del rey ("jongleur of the king"). In April 1286 he was charged with distributing compensation in precious metal and money to the other jongleurs who had assisted in Peter's coronation (in 1276). He was still alive in June 1287 when Alfonso III ordered proceedings against some men accused of kidnapping Pere's daughter.

## Sources

* Riquer, Martín de. Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos. 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.
* This article about a Catalan poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article about a Spanish musician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Jean Banières

Jean Banières was an 18th-century French physicist and philosopher.
A zealous Cartesian, he was sceptical about Voltaire's Newtonian theories on light and colours.

## Works

* Traité phisique, de la lumiere et des couleurs, du son et des différens tons (in French). Paris: Mazieres & J. B. Garnier. 1737.
* Examen et réfutation des Elemens de la philosophie de Neuton de M. De Voltaire (in French). Paris: Jacques Lambert. 1739.
# Peristernia crocea

Peristernia crocea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.
# Jazz Interactions

Jazz Interactions, Inc. is a non-profit-making organization whose aim is "to stimulate a greater awareness of jazz by providing jazz information and educational services to New York metropolitan area."
The organization was founded in the early 1960s by a group of jazz musicians including Joe Newman and fans including fellow-founder Ernest M. Searle, Jr, and apart from its educational activities it created the Jazz Interactions Orchestra, the Jazz-Line, a telephone line that gave information on Jazz performances throughout the New York City Metro area, and promoted the Jazzmobile, a traveling stage that was used throughout New York City and Long Island, bringing free jazz concerts to many neighborhoods. Jazz Interactions was the original administrator of the Jazz Oral History Project, before handing over responsibility to the Smithsonian Institution (who later passed it on to the Institute of Jazz Studies, a research branch of the John Cotton Dana Library of Rutgers University).
# Pernant

Pernant (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Gum Gum Punch

Gum Gum Punch (ガムガムパンチ, Gamu Gamu Panchi) is a manga by Osamu Tezuka that began serialization in 1967.

## Plot

In this children's manga, Punch and his sister Pinko are approached by a strange man calling himself the God of Gum. Looking like a kind of eccentric scientist, he explains that the gum he has is special as it will allow the gum chewer to create whatever they want with the bubbles they blow. However, since Punch and Pinko are still young, they have not mastered the ability to blow bubbles.
Seeing as this might be a problem, and to prevent the children from potentially misusing the gum, the God of Gum assigns his disciple, Gum Gum, to stay with the children. Together, the three explore the many possible uses of the magical chewing gum and get into mischief.

## Characters

* Punch: A young boy who, along with his sister, is given magical chewing gum. When chewed, the bubble that is blown can take the shape of just about anything the chewer desires.
* Pinko: Punch's younger sister who can also use the magic chewing gum.
* Gum Gum: A disciple of the God of Gum who is assigned to make sure the children don't abuse the gum's powers and to help teach them how to blow bubbles properly. Punch often picks on him because he is so short.
* Kucha Kucha: Another disciple of the God of Gum, but is far larger than Gum Gum. He joins Gum Gum in looking after the kids when Gum Gum needs an extra hand.
* God of Gum: A strange man who looks like a kind of scientist who is a master of chewing gum. He gives the children magical chewing gum, and assigned
* Mama: Punch and Pinko's mother.
# Francis C. Wood

Francis Carter Wood (December 30, 1869 – January 5, 1951) was an American cancer researcher, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and radium for treatment of cancer. Wood was the founder and the founding director of the Crocker Institute for Cancer Research.
He was also the founder of the pathology laboratory at St. Luke's Hospital, and its director from 1910 to 1948. Wood was also a professor of clinical pathology and the director of Institute of Cancer Research at Columbia University.

## Biography

Wood was born on December 30, 1869, in Columbus, Ohio, and graduated from the Ohio State University in 1891. He graduated from College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University in 1894, and joined the faculty of clinical pathology at Columbia University in 1896 From 1906 to 1912 he served as director of clinical pathology at Columbia University and also served as the director of the pathology laboratory at St. Luke's Hospital from 1910 to 1948, founding it in 1910.

## Accolades

The American Association for Cancer Research called Wood an "international authority on cancer and pioneer radiotherapist". The New York Times called him "internationally known cancer research specialist who was a pioneer in the use of X-rays and radium" and said that Wood "is credited with many basic discoveries in principles of radiation".

## Publications

* Chemical and Microscopical Diagnosis (1909)
* Cancer: Nature, Diagnosis, and Cure (1937)
# Ousivo

Ousivo is a village on the island of Grande Comore in the Comoros. According to the 1991 census the village had a population of 1,285.
# Đồng Xâm

Đồng Xâm is a traditional silver-carving village in Thái Bình Province, Vietnam. The silver-carving business in the village are facing issued with the pollution caused by silver-carving and a lack of markets to sell their products.
# Off-center ions

Off-center ions in crystals are substitutional impurity ions whose equilibrium position is shifted away from the regular lattice site. The magnitude of the shift typically ranges from 0.2 to 1.0 Å. There are two possible mechanisms that can cause impurity ion displacement. If the impurity ion is smaller than the regular ion (by 10% or more), the displacement arises because the repulsive forces between the impurity ion and its nearest neighbors stabilizing the ion at the regular site are strongly weakened. If the impurity ion is bigger than the regular ion, the displacement arises because of different covalency of the chemical bonds with the nearest neighbors for the impurity and regular ions.
Off-center position of substitutional ions was first discovered in lithium-doped KCl by two groups of American physicists in 1965. Since these pioneer works crystals with off-center impurity ions have attracted continuous attention. The cause of such interest is that these crystals can be used as good model objects for the investigation of such key phenomena in solid state physics as quantum tunnelling of atomic particles in solid state, cooperative properties of the system of local centers with internal degrees of freedom, and ferroelectricity.
# Mäessaare

Mäessaare is a village in Võru Parish, Võru County in Estonia.
# Western Society of Naturalists

The Western Society of Naturalists is a scientific organization with a strong focus on promoting the study of marine biology. Most of its members are on the Pacific coast of North America. Originally established in 1910 as the Biological Society of the Pacific, it changed its name in 1916. It held its first meeting under the new name in San Diego on August 10, 1916, where papers on zoology and botany were presented.

## Naturalist of the Year Award

The Naturalist of the Year Award was established in 1999 at the suggestion of Paul Dayton to "recognize those unsung heroes who define our future by inspiring young people with the wonders and sheer joy of natural history".
| Year | Name | Affiliation |
| 1999 | Larry Harris | University of New Hampshire |
| 2000 | Chuck Baxter | Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University |
| 2001 | Pamela Roe | California State University, Stanislaus |
| 2002 | John M. Engle | University of California, Santa Barbara |
| 2003 | Jeanne Bellemin | El Camino College |
| 2004 | Kathy Ann Miller | University of California, Berkeley |
| 2005 | James M. Watanabe | Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University |
| 2006 | Brian Bingham | Western Washington University |
| 2007 | Genevieve Anderson | Santa Barbara City College |
| 2007 | Shane Anderson | University of California, Santa Barbara |
| 2008 | Terrie Klinger | University of Washington |
| 2009 | Jenn Caselle | University of California, Santa Barbara |
| 2010 | Shara Fisler | Ocean Discovery Institute |
| 2011 | Megan Dethier | Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington |
| 2012 | Mark Carr | University of California, Santa Cruz |
| 2012 | Pete Raimondi | University of California, Santa Cruz |
| 2013 | Dan Richards | Channel Islands National Park |
| 2014 | Steve Lonhart | Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA |
| 2015 | Milton Love | UC Santa Barbara |
| 2016 | Jackie Sones | Bodega Marine Reserve, UC Davis |
| 2017 | Jeff Goddard | Marine Science Institute, UC Santa Barbara |
| 2018 | Andy Lamb | |
| 2019 | Diana Steller | Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University |
| 2020 | Rosemary Romero | Greater Farallones Association |
| 2021 | Paul Barber | University of California, Los Angeles |
| 2021 | Peggy Fong | University of California, Los Angeles |
# Francesco Picardi

Francesco Picardi (28 November 1928 in Naples – 12 February 2012 in Naples) was an Italian politician famous for being the mayor of Naples for only 100 days. Picardi, who represented the centre-left Italian Democratic Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano; PSDI), was the first mayor of Naples following the end of communist rule in 1984.
# Persoonia rigida

Persoonia rigida, commonly known as the rigid-, hairy- or stiff geebung, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is an erect to low-lying shrub with hairy young branchlets, lance-shaped to spatula-shaped leaves that are hairy when young, and yellow flowers borne in groups of up to twenty on a rachis up to 90 mm (3.5 in) long that continues to grow after flowering.

## Description

Persoonia rigida is an erect to low-lying shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.15–2 m (5.9 in – 6 ft 6.7 in) and has branches and leaves that are hairy when young. The leaves are lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, to spatula-shaped, 15–50 mm (0.59–1.97 in) long and 4–19 mm (0.16–0.75 in) wide with the edges curving downwards. The flowers are arranged in groups of up to twenty on a rachis up to 90 mm (3.5 in) long that continues to grow after flowering, each flower on a pedicel 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long with a leaf at its base. The tepals are yellow, 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) long and hairy on the outside but with a glabrous ovary. Flowering occurs from November to March. The proportion of flowers going on to develop fruit appears to be unusually high in P. rigida compared with other members of the genus.

## Taxonomy

Collected by George Caley in 1804, P. rigida was first formally described in 1830 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown in the Supplementum to his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen.
Within the genus Persoonia, P. rigida is classified in the lanceolata group, a group of 54 closely related species with similar flowers but very different foliage. These species will often interbreed with each other where two members of the group occur.

## Distribution and habitat

Rigid geebung is found from the Liverpool Range in central New South Wales southwards into mid-western Victoria. It occurs on the inland (north and west) side of the Great Dividing Range, but extends eastwards to Springwood in the Lower Blue Mountains at altitudes between 300 and 1,300 m (980 and 4,270 ft). It grows in sandstone-based or rocky soils in dry sclerophyll forest or heathland. It has been known to hybridise with the prickly geebung (P. juniperina) and P. sericea. Associated tree species in Victoria include Eucalyptus macrorhyncha and Eucalyptus polyanthemos.

## Use in horticulture

Persoonia rigida was cultivated in England in 1824 but is seldom seen in gardens now, and has little horticultural appeal.
# Gum Lagoon Conservation Park

Gum Lagoon Conservation Park (formerly the Gum Lagoon National Park) is an 8765 ha protected area about 40 km south-west of Keith in the Limestone Coast region of South Australia. It lies about 20 km inland from the southern end of the Coorong. It contains an isolated block of mallee woodland important for malleefowl conservation.

## History

Some 2700 ha formed the core of the reserve when it was originally proclaimed as Gum Lagoon National Park in August 1970. It became the Gum Lagoon Conservation Park in 1972 upon the proclamation of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. It gradually expanded in area through subsequent ad hoc and opportunistic land acquisitions.

## Description

The conservation park is located on land in the gazetted localities of Laffer, Petherick and Tilley Swamp.
It contains ranges of calcarenite dunes and interdunal flats, with slow-moving surface water drainage systems and blocks of remnant vegetation. The vegetation includes tea-tree scrub, wet heathland and mallee woodland. The main feature of the conservation park is the Duck Island Watercourse which runs along a wide interdunal flat studded with ephemeral swamps and isolated sandhills. The average annual rainfall is 500 mm.
The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area. In 1980, it was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.

## Flora and fauna

The conservation park's vegetation includes Banksia ornata shrubland, Melaleuca brevifolia low shrubland, Eucalyptus arenacea open woodland and Eucalyptus diversifolia open mallee, while the wetter areas are characterised by red gum woodland and aquatic herblands.
Eleven floristic communities have been identified, containing 375 indigenous plants, including four which are nationally threatened or rare. Native animal species include 12 mammals, 19 reptiles, five amphibians and 141 birds. Also recorded are 62 exotic plants, eight feral mammals and five introduced birds.

### Birds

The conservation park has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area, principally because it supports an apparently sustainable population of the vulnerable malleefowl, with an estimated population of 13–14 nesting mounds. The biome-restricted purple-gaped honeyeater has also been recorded.
# Tynehead railway station

Tynehead railway station served the village of Pathhead, Midlothian, Scotland from 1848 to 1969 on the Waverley Line.

## History

The station opened on 4 August 1848 by the North British Railway. It was situated south of the B6367. The station's original name was Tyne Head, although this was changed to Tynehead in March 1874. The goods yard consisted of three parallel sidings, one serving a cattle dock and a fourth running diagonally across the yard towards the entrance, where there was a weighbridge and weigh office. Goods services ceased on 28 December 1964; the sidings were quickly lifted soon after. On 27 March 1967 the station was downgraded to an unstaffed halt, although the suffix 'halt' never appeared in any of the timetables. The station was closed to passengers and, due to no goods traffic, completely on 6 January 1969.
In September 2015, the Waverley Route partially reopened as part of the Borders Railway. Although the railway passes through the original Tynehead station, it was not reopened.
# Voisine

Voisine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Don Voisine (born 1952), American painter
* Roch Voisine (born 1963), Canadian singer-songwriter, actor, and radio and television host
# Voisines

Voisines may refer to the following places in France:
* Voisines, Haute-Marne, a commune in the Haute-Marne department
* Voisines, Yonne, a commune in the Yonne department
# Guhyaka

Guhyaka(s) (गुह्यक, literally "hidden ones") is a class of supernatural beings in Hindu mythology. Like Yakshas (nature-spirits), they are often described as attendants of Kubera, the keeper of wealth, and protect his hidden treasures. Guhyakas are believed to live in mountain caves; thus their name, "hidden ones". As lord of Guhyakas, Kubera is called "Guhyakadhipati".

## Description

Edward Washburn Hopkins suggests that Guhyakas may not be distinct beings, but a generic name for spirits of concealment. They are mentioned in the Manu Smriti and the Harivamsa, appendix of the epic Mahabharata, as distinct beings; however, the epic and the Meghaduta identify them with Yakshas.
Guhyakas are described as the most trusted and close associates of Kubera, who resides with them on Mount Kailash. Kubera assigns them important tasks like delivering a magic eye-wash to the god and epic-hero Rama, to aid him in war. They also serve as messengers and are sent to witness battles. In other instances, they are described as residing on Hemakuta or on Mount Gandhamandana, in the palace of Kubera. They also live on earth and in hills. They are described as half-bird or half-equine in nature. They have glowing forms in heaven, take demonic forms during war, and look like gnomes on earth.
The Mahabharata, which treats them as a type of Yakshas, mentions that the airborne palaces of Kubera are held in the sky by Guhyakas; in other instances, the god himself is described as being carried by Guhyakas. It is also described that Bhima, a hero in the epic, kills them when he attacks Kubera on Gandhamandana. The soldiers who die by sword neither bravely nor cowardly, as mentioned in the Mahabharata war, are said to go to the abode of Guhyakas after death. This is the second lowest realm that souls can enter, the lowest being Naraka (hell) for sinners. Guhyakas are also associated with Pitrs ("ancestors") and are sometimes equated to ghosts.
The twin-physician gods Ashvins, annual plants, and inferior animals are described as Guhyakas. In the Bhagavata Purana, Kubera's son Nalakuvara and Manigriva are described as Guhyakas.
Though often associated with Kubera, the Brihat-Samhita of Varahamihira as well as some Puranas describe Guhyakas as attendants of Revanta, the son of the Sun-god Surya. The Markandeya Purana mentions that Revanta was assigned the duty as the chief of Guhyakas by Surya. In sculpture, Revanta is often depicted with the Guhyakas in hunting scenes.
# Volvarina vokesi

Volvarina vokesi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Caribbean Sea
# Gungbugh

Gungbugh, is a small region of Srinagar city in Kashmir, situated on its outskirts. This place has been named Gungbugh due to a canal "Doodh Ganga" which passes nearby.
As of April 2015, the population was approximately 1500. Availability of fertile land and the presence of canal in its vicinity provides an opportunity to use the land for farming.most of the youth is employed in government & private sectors

## Farming

Gungbugh is known for spinach farming.

## Geography

vteNeighbouring places :
Hamdania colony
Bemina
Nundreshi colony
Gurteng, Narkora
Gungbugh
Tengpora, Batamaloo
Laloo, Gulwanpora, Hyderpora
Barzulla
Alouchi bagh :