OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# OpenStax

OpenStax (formerly OpenStax College) is a nonprofit educational technology initiative based at Rice University. Since 2012, OpenStax has created peer-reviewed, openly licensed textbooks, which are available in free digital formats and for a low cost in print. Most books are also available in Kindle versions on Amazon.com and in the iBooks Store. OpenStax's first textbook was College Physics, which was published online, in print, and in iBooks in 2012. OpenStax launched OpenStax Tutor Beta in June 2017, adaptive courseware based on cognitive science principles, machine learning, and OpenStax content. However, it was announced in October 2022 that Tutor was being discontinued.
Aiming to compete with major publishers' offerings, the project was initially funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Michelson 20 Million Minds Foundation, and the Maxfield Foundation. All textbook content is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Licenses; specifically, the books are available under the CC BY license (except for Calculus, which is available under CC BY-NC-SA), which means that instructors are able to use, adapt, and remix the content, as long as they attribute OpenStax.
In 2017, OpenStax announced that they were partnering with UK Open Textbooks to spread the use of their open content in the UK, and partnering with Katalyst Education to form OpenStax Polska, bringing Polish-language versions of select OpenStax books to universities in Poland.
As of January 2024, OpenStax asserts that their products have saved $2.9 billion in education costs since 2012, and that 7 million students from 150 countries and 70 percent of higher education institutions in the US use OpenStax.

## Editorial process

OpenStax textbooks follow a traditional peer review process aimed at ensuring they meet a high quality standard before publication. Textbooks are developed and peer-reviewed by educators in an attempt to ensure they are readable and accurate, meet the scope and sequence requirements of each course, are supported by instructor ancillaries, and are available with the latest technology-based learning tools. The editors do encourage reviews of the book, slides and other teaching materials. However, notwithstanding the peer-review process, the books have come under criticism for the large numbers of typos and other errors they contain.
The free, online version of OpenStax books are kept up-to-date on an ongoing basis. Instructors are encouraged to submit errata suggestions via the OpenStax website, and errata suggestions are reviewed by subject matter experts. Revisions are made when it is determined to be pedagogically necessary. New PDFs and print versions of the books are released each summer when substantial changes are present.
OpenStax's original goal was to publish openly licensed textbooks for the 25 highest-enrolled undergraduate college courses: they achieved that goal in 2016. In September 2020 they announced plans to double the number of textbooks they offer.
# Japanese submarine Ha-203

Ha-203 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Ha-201-class submarine. Completed and commissioned in May 1945, she served during the final months of World War II. She surrendered at the end of the war in September 1945 and was scuttled in April 1946.

## Design and description

At the end of 1944, the Imperial Japanese Navy decided it needed large numbers of high-speed coastal submarines to defend the Japanese Home Islands against an anticipated Allied invasion (named Operation Downfall by the Allies). To meet this requirement, the Ha-201-class submarines were designed as small, fast submarines incorporating many of the same advanced ideas implemented in the German Type XXI and Type XXIII submarines. They were capable of submerged speeds of almost 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph).
The Ha-201 class displaced 325 metric tons (320 long tons) surfaced and 447 metric tons (440 long tons) submerged. The submarines were 53 meters (173 ft 11 in) long, had a beam of 4.00 meters (13 ft 1 in) and a draft of 3.44 meters (11 ft 3 in). For surface running, the submarines were powered by a single 400-brake-horsepower (298 kW) diesel engine that drove one propeller shaft. When submerged the propeller was driven by a 1,250-shaft-horsepower (932 kW) electric motor. They could reach 11.8 knots (21.9 km/h; 13.6 mph) on the surface and 13.9 knots (25.7 km/h; 16.0 mph) submerged. On the surface, the Ha-201-class submarines had a range of 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph); submerged, they had a range of 105 nmi (194 km; 121 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph). Their armament consisted of two 533-millimeter (21 in) torpedo tubes with four torpedoes and a single mount for a 7.7-millimeter machine gun.

## Construction and commissioning

Ha-203 was laid down on 5 April 1945 by the Sasebo Naval Arsenal at Sasebo, Japan, as Submarine No. 4913. She was renamed Ha-203 on 1 May 1945 and was attached provisionally to the Sasebo Naval District that day. Launched on 25 May 1945, she was completed and commissioned on 20 June 1945.

## Service history

Upon commissioning, Ha-203 was attached formally to the Sasebo Naval District and assigned to Submarine Division 33 in the Kure Submarine Flotilla for workups. She had not yet conducted an operational patrol when hostilities between Japan and the Allies ended on 15 August 1945. She surrendered to the Allies at Sasebo on 2 September 1945. On 2 November 1945, she was reassigned to Japanese Submarine Division Three under United States Navy command along with her sister ships Ha-201, Ha-202, Ha-205, and Ha-210.

## Disposal

The Japanese struck Ha-203 from the Navy list on 30 November 1945. She was among a number of Japanese submarines the U.S. Navy scuttled off the Goto Islands in Operation Road's End on 1 April 1946, sinking just beyond the 100-fathom (600 ft; 183 m) line at 32°37′N 129°17′E﻿ / ﻿32.617°N 129.283°E﻿ / 32.617; 129.283﻿ (Ha-203).
# Kirané

Kirané is a small town and principal settlement of the commune of Kirané Kaniaga in the Cercle of Yélimané in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali.
# Perekrestok

Perekrestok or Perekryostok, Russian for crossroads, may refer to:
* Perekrestok (supermarket chain), a Russian supermarket chain
* Perekrestok, a Soviet rock band associated with Alexander Kostarev
# Langstrom

Langstrom or Långström is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

## People

* Toivo Hjalmar Långström (1889–1983), Finnish politician

## Fictional characters

* Dr. Francine Langstrom, DC Comics
* Dr. Robert Kirkland "Kirk" Langstrom, DC Comics supervillain
# Horace Dixon (bishop)

Horace Henry Dixon CBE (known informally as Jimmy) (1 August 1869 – 8 November 1964) was a British priest in the Church of England who became Dean of Brisbane and then assistant bishop of Brisbane. He was also the founding headmaster of The Southport School.

## Early life

Dixon was born in 1869 in Cambridge, the son of Thomas Dixon, a bookseller, and his wife Lucy (née Eastgate).

## Career

Dixon was initially a teacher, working as a housemaster at Warkworth House, Cambridge, for three years. He graduated through Fitzwilliam Hall, Cambridge, in 1892. He was ordained deacon in 1893 and priest in 1894, both at St Alban's Abbey. He served curacies in Epping (1893–94), St Michael and All Angels, Walthamstow (1894–97), and St Matthew's, Burnley (1898–99), and worked briefly in the East End.
He was recruited for service in Queensland by Bishop William Webber, and arrived in the colony in 1899, being assigned to Southport, then a parish covering an immense distance from Beenleigh to the New South Wales border. In 1901 he founded The Southport School, and was headmaster until 1929. In 1903 the schoolboys nicknamed him 'Jimmy', after the Aboriginal outlaw, Jimmy Governor, who had been hanged in 1901. He relinquished the incumbency of St Peter's, Southport in 1905.
Dixon was an honorary canon of St John's Cathedral, Brisbane from 1919. In 1930 he was appointed canon residentiary and in 1931 Dean, but relinquished that office on becoming bishop coadjutor in 1932. He retired as assistant bishop in 1961, having been appointed CBE the previous year.

## Personal life

He married first, in 1897, Florence Marie Godbold. He and his first wife had two sons, Horace and Cecil. He married secondly, in 1936, Enid Rose Morgan-Jones. He died in 1964, aged 95, and was buried in Lutwyche Cemetery.
# Naoki Kodaka

Naoki Kodaka (小高 直樹, Kodaka Naoki) is a Japanese video game music composer who worked for Sunsoft. He is currently a professor of music at several universities and occasionally composes new music for special events.
Kodaka first learned to play piano during his early childhood but quit formal training at age 7, finding that he preferred to play popular music. He later resumed his classical studies in high school and would go on to major in composition at the Aichi Prefectural University of the Arts. Following his graduation, he briefly worked on producing music for radio and television. Among his classmates, Kodaka was known to spend much of his spare time in arcades, and this ultimately attracted Sunsoft to hire him as a video game composer.
He is best known for writing the soundtracks for Journey to Silius, Batman (NES, Genesis and Game Boy versions), Blaster Master, Gremlins 2: The New Batch, the Albert Odyssey series, Super Fantasy Zone, and a few other titles. He was almost always assisted on his NES projects by sound programmers Nobuyuki Hara, Shinichi Seya, and sometimes Naohisa Morota. Usually, Kodaka would compose songs on traditional sheet music, and the sound programmers would translate the compositions for the NES, sometimes receiving feedback from Kodaka on how the songs should sound. Kodaka retired from game music composition in 2002 and became a professor at Nagoya College of Music, where he teaches composition, arrangement, and production. At some later time, he also joined the faculty at Daido University, where he teaches music theory and computer-based music.

## Works

* Atlantis no Nazo (1986)
* Dead Zone (1986)
* The Wing of Madoola (1986)
* Nazoler Land (1987)
* Shanghai (1987)
* Spy Hunter (1987)
* Ripple Island (1988)
* Freedom Force (1988)
* Blaster Master (1988)
* Nankin no Adventure (1988)
* Platoon (1988)
* Fester's Quest (1989)
* Batman (1989)
* Batman: The Video Game (1990)
* Journey to Silius (1990)
* Nantettatte!! Baseball (1990)
* Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990)
* Ufouria: The Saga (1991)
* Super Spy Hunter (1991)
* Batman: Return of the Joker (1991)
* Super Fantasy Zone (1992)
* Albert Odyssey (1993)
* Sugoi Hebereke (1994)
* Albert Odyssey II (1994)
* Albert Odyssey: Legend of Eldean (1996)
* Out Live: Be Eliminate Yesterday (1997)
# Music Revelation Ensemble

Music Revelation Ensemble is the eponymous second album by James Blood Ulmer's Music Revelation Ensemble featuring saxophonist David Murray, bassist Jamaaladeen Tacuma and drummer Ronald Shannon Jackson, recorded in 1988 and released on the Japanese DIW label.

## Reception

Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

All compositions by James Blood Ulmer except as indicated
* "Bodytalk" - 12:43
* "Playtime" - 11:33
* "Nisa" - 11:53
* "Street Bride" - 8:45
* "Blues for David" - 5:01
* "Burn!" (Ronald Shannon Jackson, David Murray, Kazunori Sugiyama, Jamaaladeen Tacuma, James Blood Ulmer) - 8:41

## Personnel

* James Blood Ulmer - guitar
* David Murray - tenor saxophone
* Jamaaladeen Tacuma - electric bass
* Ronald Shannon Jackson - drums
# Thymbritis

Thymbritis is a genus of moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It contains the species Thymbritis molybdias, which is found in Sri Lanka.
The wingspan is 13–15 mm. The forewings are brownish, sprinkled with dark fuscous and with a bright leaden-metallic spot lying along the upper part of the termen, preceded by a transverse series of five small white marks edged posteriorly with some black scales. There is a black dot in the apex. The hindwings are rather dark grey.
# Japanese escort ship CD-202

CD-202 or No. 202 was a Type D escort ship of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

## History

She was laid down on 16 February 1945 at the Nagasaki shipyard of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for the benefit of the Imperial Japanese Navy and launched on 2 April 1945. On 7 July 1945, she was completed and commissioned. On 15 August 1945, Japan announced their unconditional surrender and CD-202 traveled to Sasebo where on 17 August 1945, a steam pipe exploded killing one man. On 30 November 1945, she was struck from the Navy List. She was scrapped in 1947.
# Kit Dalton

Captain Kit Dalton --- (23 January 1843 – 3 April 1920).
"He fought for the Confederacy and with Quantrill's Raiders. After the war, he rode with Jesse & Frank James and Cole Younger over 100 years ago. A$50,000 reward was offered for him dead or alive; since they could not capture him, he was later pardoned by several governors with his promise that he would lead an exemplary life, which he did during his last 20 years, in Memphis."
Kit Dalton is buried at Elmwood Cemetery, in the section known as Confederate's Rest.
# Pentila

Pentila is a genus of butterflies, commonly called pentilas or buffs, in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are endemic to the Afrotropics. For other butterflies called buffs, see genus Baliochila.

## Species

Listed alphabetically:
* Pentila abraxas Westwood, 1852
* Pentila alba Dewitz, 1886
* Pentila amenaida Hewitson, 1873
* Pentila amenaidoides (Holland, 1893)
* Pentila auga Karsch, 1895
* Pentila bennetti Collins & Larsen, 2003
* Pentila bitje Druce, 1910
* Pentila camerunica Stempffer & Bennett, 1961
* Pentila carcassoni Stempffer & Bennett, 1961
* Pentila christina Suffert, 1904
* Pentila cloetensi Aurivillius, 1898
* Pentila condamini Stempffer, 1963
* Pentila fallax Bethune-Baker, 1915
* Pentila fidonioides Schultze, 1923
* Pentila glagoessa (Holland, 1893)
* Pentila hewitsoni (Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1887)
* Pentila inconspicua Druce, 1910 – inconspicuous pentila
* Pentila landbecki Stempffer & Bennett, 1961
* Pentila maculata (Kirby, 1887)
* Pentila mesia Hulstaert, 1924
* Pentila nero (Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1894)
* Pentila nigeriana Stempffer & Bennett, 1961
* Pentila occidentalium Aurivillius, 1899
* Pentila pauli Staudinger, 1888 – Paul's buff
* Pentila petreia Hewitson, 1874
* Pentila petreoides Bethune-Baker, 1915
* Pentila phidia Hewitson, 1874
* Pentila picena Hewitson, 1874
* Pentila preussi Staudinger, 1888
* Pentila pseudorotha Stempffer & Bennett, 1961
* Pentila rogersi (Druce, 1907) – Rogers' pentila
* Pentila rondo Kielland, 1990
* Pentila rotha Hewitson, 1873
* Pentila subfuscata Hawker-Smith, 1933
* Pentila swynnertoni Stevenson, 1940
* Pentila tachyroides Dewitz, 1879 – mylothrid pentila
* Pentila torrida (Kirby, 1887)
* Pentila tropicalis (Boisduval, 1847) – tropical pentila, spotted buff
* Pentila umangiana Aurivillius, 1898
* Pentila umbra Holland, 1892
# Ron Middleton

Ron Middleton may refer to:
* Ron Middleton (American football) (born 1965), American football coach and former player
* Ron Middleton (VC) (1916–1942), bomber pilot in the Royal Australian Air Force and a posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross
# Hoplangia

Hoplangia is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Caryophylliidae.
The species of this genus are found in Central and Southern Europe.
Species:
# Hiroyuki Asada

Hiroyuki Asada (浅田 弘幸, Asada Hiroyuki, born February 15, 1968 in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan) is a Japanese manga artist who is best known for his gaslamp fantasy series Tegami Bachi ("Letter Bee"). The first manga series he created was called I'll, and was a basketball series. All of Asada's manga were serialized in the monthly shōnen anthology Monthly Shōnen Jump (which has since been discontinued; Tegami Bachi now appears in its replacement Jump Square). He made his debut in 1986. He acquired a fanbase with Mint: Sleeping Rabbit, Renka by degrees, and his popularity improved with I'll. In his personal life, he is part of a unit with Shou Tajima (best known for Psych) and Takeshi Obata (best known for Hikaru no Go and Death Note), and his creation activity with "AQUARIOS 3".

## Works
### Manga

* Hades (oneshot)
* Bad da ne Yoshiokun!
* Mint: Sleeping Rabbit
* Renka
* Indian Summer (oneshot)
* I'll
* Tegami Bachi
* Pez (oneshot)

### Other works

* Cheer Boys!! (anime, original character designs, 2016)
* Akanesasu Shōjo (multimedia franchise, character designs and concept art, 2018)
* Dororo (2019) (anime, original character designs, 2019)
# Weihergraben

Weihergraben may refer to:
* Weihergraben (Altmühl), a river of Bavaria, Germany, a tributary of the Altmühl
* Weihergraben (Zipser Mühlbach), a river of Bavaria, Germany, a tributary of the Zipser Mühlbach
* Walkershöfer Weihergraben, a river of Bavaria, Germany, a tributary of the Swabian Rezat
# Vishnu Vinayak Sarwate

Vishnu Vinayak Sarwate is an Indian politician and member of the Indian National Congress. Sarwate was a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He was elected Deputy Chairman of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1956 and continued to hold the post till 1957. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha of the Indian Parliament from 1958 to 1964.
# Tick Ridge, Ohio

Tick Ridge is an unincorporated community in Washington County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

Tick Ridge most likely was so named on account of the frequent wood ticks there.
# Jatinder Verma

Jatinder Verma, MBE (born 1954), is a British theatre director and activist, who in 1977 co-founded the British Asian theatre company Tara Arts, leading it as artistic director.

## Biography

Born in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and raised in Nairobi, Kenya, he moved with his family to Britain as a 14-year-old in February 1968. He attended York University and Sussex University. Verma was one of the co-founders of Tara Arts, a British Asian theatre company that was created in response to the racial tensions in Britain in the late 1970s. Verma directed Tara's very first production (an adaptation of a Tagore play) at Battersea Arts Centre in August 1977. Later on, Tara Arts got its own theatre on Garratt Lane, Earlsfield in South London.
Regarded as one of the pioneers of British Asian theatre, Verma has received numerous honours, including an MBE for his services to the arts in the 2017 New Year Honours.
Verma led Tara Arts as Artistic Director since inception before stepping down after 43 years. He had initiated, and managed the project through to its completion in 2016, a total rebuilding of Tara Theatre, its headquarters. It included using the yellow bricks from the original building, now a distinct, warm, welcoming feature of its new auditorium, foyer and exterior.
# Restart (Kotoko song)

"Restart" (リスタート) is the 19th major single released by Kotoko. The title track was used as the opening theme for the iOS/Android game Renai Replay. The B-side was used as the ending theme song for the same game. The single reached No. 37 on the Oricon charts and charted for 4 weeks.

## Track listing

* This 2010s Japanese single-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Perkins v. Benguet Mining Co.

Perkins v. Benguet Mining Co., 342 U.S. 437 (1952), was a United States Supreme Court case which held that an Ohio state court could exercise general personal jurisdiction over a foreign corporation on the basis of that company's "continuous and systematic" contacts with the state of Ohio. Benguet Consolidated Mining Co. was a Philippine mining corporation, owned by American John W. Hausermann, that temporarily stopped its mining operations and relocated its president to Ohio during the World War II Japanese occupation of the Philippines. The Court held that the president's use of his office in Ohio to carry on continuous business activities during this period allowed Ohio to properly assert general jurisdiction over his company.

## Background

The Supreme Court case consolidated the two original suits into one. One suit had been brought by the petitioner Ms. Perkins for approximately $68,400 in dividends that she alleged were due her as a stockholder. The second suit was for $2,500,000 damages claimed as a result of the company's failure to issue to her certificates for 120,000 shares of its stock.
The trial court had sustained a motion to quash the summons in each case because the defendant was a foreign corporation and, as such, the Court did not have personal jurisdiction over it. Neither its corporate headquarters nor its principal place of business were in Ohio, and it had not applied for the required license to transact business in Ohio nor appointed an agent for service of process in state. Additionally, the claims Ms. Perkins sued upon did not arise from anything the defendant did in the state of Ohio. The Ohio State Supreme Court affirmed the decision and the plaintiff filed another appeal in the U.S. Supreme Court.

## Opinion of the Court

The Supreme Court reversed on the basis of the defendant president's "continuous and systematic supervision of the necessarily limited wartime activities of the company" in Ohio. It was thus not a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause for Ohio to assert general jurisdiction over the company on the plaintiff's claim, even though the claim arose from activities conducted outside the forum state and entirely distinct from those activities conducted inside the forum state.
The judgment of the Supreme Court of Ohio was vacated and the cause of action remanded for further proceedings consistent with the opinion.
This is a notable United States civil procedure case in the area of general jurisdiction. It represents one of the rare instances in which a state's exercise of general (as opposed to specific) personal jurisdiction over a non-resident was deemed to comport with the requirements of due process, due to the non-resident's extensive activities within the state.
# Hoplapoderus

Hoplapoderus is a genus of attelabid weevil. Species in the genus are found mainly in Southeast Asia and South Asia. The pronotum typically has a pair of spines or protuberances and the vertex of the scutellum is conical. The elytra also have spines or protuberances.
Species in the genus include:
* Hoplapoderus aculeatus Faust, 1899
* Hoplapoderus borneoensis Voss, 1926
* Hoplapoderus caliginosus (Faust, 1894)
* Hoplapoderus chevrolati Faust, 1891
* Hoplapoderus echinatoides Legalov, 2003
* Hoplapoderus echinatus (Gyllenhal, 1833)
* Hoplapoderus gemmatus (Thunberg, 1784)
* Hoplapoderus gemmosus (Jekel, 1860)
* Hoplapoderus hystrix (Fabricius, 1801)
* Hoplapoderus jekeli Legalov, 2007
* Hoplapoderus nepalensis Voss, 1926
* Hoplapoderus orientalis Voss, 1926
* Hoplapoderus pardaloides Voss, 1924
* Hoplapoderus penangincola Voss, 1928
* Hoplapoderus tristoides Voss, 1924
* Hoplapoderus vanvolxemi Roelofs, 1875
# Almost Always (Chris Cummings song)

"Almost Always" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Chris Cummings. It was released in 1997 as the fourth single from his 1996 debut album, Somewhere Inside. It peaked at number 3 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in July 1997.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 3 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1997) | Position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 8 |