OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Violeta Ivković

Violeta Ivković (Serbian-Cyrillic: Виолета Ивковић; born 1957 in Belgrade) is a Serbian journalist and writer.

## Biography

Violeta Ivković studied at the Faculty of English Language and Literature at the University of Oxford and is the mother of three children. After completing her studies, she pursued a career in journalism with a focus on information and communications technologies. She wrote articles for magazines such as Mikro PC World, SciTech and Com&GSM, and is the author of contributions to Zoran Modli’s radio shows Modulacije and Zair. Although she is retired, she continues lecturing at the annual Workshop for Creative Writing (Radionica za kreativnog pisanja „PričArt”) initiated by Zoran Zivković and first held in 2011.
Her first work Friends is an email diary set in the period March to June 1999 during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia and its prologue states: Its format is an electronic diary that deals with thoughts, fears, feelings, events that cannot be shared even with those closest to us, for many understandable reasons. Her most recent novel The Blogger talks about the teenager Anna, who writes a blog expressing her feelings, desires and dreams. Anna lives with her mother and sister. Her parents are divorced, but Dad visits them often. The teen misses the time when they all still lived together. An English version of Friends was published by herself on Scribd and an English excerpt from the novel The Island is available on the website of the magazine Words Without Borders. A Serbian selection of her articles of the magazine Mikro PC World can be read online on the website of Zoran Modli. Ivković's latest book The Blogger is her most successful book to date with two editions.

## Awards

Ivković is laureate of the Mali Nemo Award 2009 for her novel Dining Room.

## Works

* Moji su drugovi (Friends), self-publication, Todra printing, Belgrade 1999.
* Život u ljubičastom: internet priče (Life in Purple: stories from the internet), self-publication, Todra, Belgrade 2001.
* Trpezarija (Dining Room), Mali Nemo, Pančevo 2009, ISBN 978-86-7972-044-3.
* Ogrizak noći (The Scrap of the Night), Udruženje građanja Čekić, Belgrade 2010, ISBN 978-86-88463-04-1.
* Ostrvo (The Island), Polaris, Belgrade 2013, ISBN 978-86-83741-34-2.
* Blogerka (The Blogger), Klett, Belgrade 2018, ISBN 978-86-533-0016-6.
* Beton (Concrete), Psychological thriller, Makart, Belgrade 2019, ISBN 978-86-87115-19-4.
# United States Navy use of Hydrometer in the 1800s

Certain ships of the United States Navy adopted the use of the hydrometer in the 1850s. Readings taken of the density of seawater contributed to research into the dynamics of ocean currents.

## Adoption

The first International Maritime Conference held at Brussels in 1853 (aka "Brussels Conference") for devising a uniform system of meteorological observations at sea recommended the systematic use of the hydrometer. Captain John Rodgers, Lieutenant Porter, and Dr. William Samuel Waithman Ruschenberger, all of the United States Navy did this as did Dr. Raymond, in the American steamer Golden Age, and Captain Henry Toynbee, (F.R.A.S., F.R.A.G.S) of the English East Indiaman Gloriana. All of these men returned valuable observations with the hydrometer, though Captain Rodgers afforded the most extended series. Those navigators who used the hydrometer enlarged the bounds of knowledge and fields of research and led to the discovery of new relations of the sea.
The object which the Brussels Organization had in view when the specific gravity column was introduced into the sea-journal was that hydrographers might find in it data for computing the dynamical force which the sea derives for its currents from the difference in the specific gravity of its waters in different climes. The Brussels Conference agreed that a given difference as to specific gravity between the water in one part of the sea and the water in another would give rise to certain currents, and that the set and strength of these currents would be the same, whether such difference of specific gravity arose from difference of temperature or difference of saltiness, or both.

## Findings

The observations made with it by Captain Rodgers, on board the Vincennes – the first United States warship to circumnavigate the globe – showed that the specific gravity of sea water varies but little in the trade-wind regions, notwithstanding the change of temperature. The temperature was a little greater in the southeast trade-wind region of the Pacific; less in the Atlantic. But, though the sea at the equatorial borders of the trade-wind belt is some 20° or 25° warmer than it is on the polar edge, the specific gravity of its waters at the two places in the Atlantic differs but little. Though the temperature of the water was noted, his observations on its specific gravity have not been corrected for temperature.

## Sources

* ↑ Maury, Matthew Fontaine, USN, 1853. Brussels - First International Maritime Conference Held For Devising An Uniform System Of Meteorological Observations At Sea, WikiSource
* Matthew Fontaine Maury, Physical Geography of the Sea, sect.433-34
* Captain "Henry" Toynbee, New South Wales marine records
* This United States Navy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Newmills railway station

Newmills railway station served the village of Newmills in County Donegal, Ireland.
The station opened on 9 March 1903 when the Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway opened their Letterkenny and Burtonport Extension Railway, from Letterkenny to Burtonport. It closed on 3 June 1940 when the LLSR closed the line from Tooban Junction to Burtonport in an effort to save money.

## Routes

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Old Town | Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway | Churchill |
# Transit camp

Transit camp may refer to:
* Military camp
* Transit Prisoner-of-war camp
* Transit internment camp
* Transit refugee camp
* Transit concentration camp, in particular,
** Durchgangslager of Nazi concentration camps
* Transit Camp (film), a 1932 French-German drama film
* Ma'abarot, Hebrew word for immigrant transit camp, established in the mid-20th-century
* Transit Camp F.C., a football club based in Dar es Salaam, playing in the Tanzania Championship.
# Humfrey Grose-Hodge

Humfrey Grose-Hodge FSA (4 April 1891 – 7 January 1962) was a writer and headmaster of Bedford School.

## Biography

Born on 4 April 1891, the son of Revd. Edward Grose-Hodge, Humfrey Grose-Hodge was educated at Marlborough College and at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he gained a first class degree in Classics, and was President of the Cambridge Union Society in 1913. He joined the Indian Civil Service in 1914, serving as Assistant Magistrate and Collector in Bengal before being commissioned in the British Indian Army in 1916. During the First World War he served on the North West Frontier, in Mesopotamia, Palestine and Syria. He was an Assistant Master at Charterhouse School between 1920 and 1928, and Headmaster of Bedford School between 1928 and 1951.
Humfrey Grose-Hodge was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1946. He died on 7 January 1962.

## Publications

* Four Speeches of Cicero Translated into English, Loeb Classical Library, 1927
* Murder at Larinum: Being the Narrative Portions of Cicero's Speech Pro Cluentio, Cambridge University Press, 1932
* Verses in Sicily: Selections from the Verrine Orations, Cambridge University Press, 1935
* Roman Panorama: A Background for Today, Cambridge University Press, 1944
* A Case of High Treason: Being Cicero's Speech in Defence of Gaius Rabirius, Cambridge University Press, 1956
# Mungyeong Saejae

Mungyeong Saejae (Korean: 문경새재) is a mountain pass in central South Korea. It lies on Joryeong Mountain between the main peak (1017 m) and Sinseon Peak (967 m). The pass itself rises to 642 metres (2,106 ft) above sea level. Mungyeong Saejae connects Mungyeong City, North Gyeongsang province with Goesan County in North Chungcheong province. Water flowing down from the Mungyeong side of the pass eventually flows into the Nakdong River and meets the Sea of Japan at Busan. Runoff from the Goesan side eventually flows into the Han River, which passes through Seoul to meet the Yellow Sea at Incheon.
The pass is also known by the name Joryeong (Korean: 조령; Hanja: 鳥嶺). Both names literally mean "bird pass," and probably signify "a pass so high that even birds find the crossing difficult."
The pass is renowned as the only place where the old road between Seoul and Busan, the Great Yeongnam Road, still looks like it did in the Joseon Dynasty. On June 4, 1981, the area around the Mungyeong side of the pass was declared Mungyeong Saejae Provincial Park, which is now a significant tourist attraction. In addition to the pass and the surrounding scenery, the park boasts a museum and tourist hotel, along with a small village of businesses catering to the tourist trade.
During the Joseon period, Mungyeong Saejae played an important role as the gateway in and out of the Gyeongsang province. Scholars, traders and government officials from Gyeongsang had to go through the pass when going to or from Seoul. Three great gates which maintained control over the pass during that time still stand, although the only people who go through them now are tourists.
Mungyeong Saejae is the subject of at least one traditional Korean folksong in the arirang style.

## Images

* Ceiling of the second gate
* Second gate
* Joryeongsan, from Mungyeong Saejae
# Villar Focchiardo

Villar Focchiardo is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 km west of Turin.
# Muteki na Heart

"Muteki na Heart" (無敵なハート, lit. "Invincible Heart") is a song by Japanese singer songwriter Mai Kuraki, taken from her third compilation album Mai Kuraki Best 151A: Love & Hope (2014). It was released on August 27, 2014, and served as the theme song to the Japanese animation Case Closed. It was released as a double-A side with "Stand by You".

## Music video

A short version of the official music video was first released on Kuraki's official YouTube account on October 10, 2014. As of August 2022, it has received over 1,090,000 views on YouTube.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Japan (Oricon) | 5 |
| Japan (Japan Hot 100) | 6 |
| Japan (Japan Hot Animation) | 3 |

### Monthly charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Japan (Oricon) | 21 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2014) | Position |
| Japan (Oricon) | 240 |

## Certification and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan (RIAJ) | | 29,517 (physical sales) |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Japan | August 27, 2014 | CD single (Standard edition) | Northern Music |
| Japan | August 27, 2014 | CD single/DVD (Limited edition A) | Northern Music |
| Japan | August 27, 2014 | CD single (Limited edition B) | Northern Music |
| Japan | August 27, 2014 | CD single (Musing & FC edition) | Northern Music |
| Japan | August 27, 2014 | Digital download | Northern Music |
# Musa Sor

Sheikh Mûsa Sor ("Red Moses"; also Sheikh Mûs or Mūsē Sōr) is a Yazidi saint. He is also called the Lord of Air and Wind. Yazidis venerate him as the patron saint of lung and rheumatic diseases. A subdivision of the Adani Sheikh lineage is also named after him.
‘Ebdî Resho (‘Ebd Resh) was a companion of Sheikh Musa Sor.
Musa Sor is associated with winds and the air. He is invocated during winnowing so that winds can help separate grains from hay.

## Shrines

There is a mazār (shrine or sanctuary) dedicated to Musa Sor in Bahzane village in the Lalish Valley of northern Iraq.
# Muramatsu

Muramatsu (written: 村松) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arihito Muramatsu (村松 有人, born 1972), Japanese baseball player
* Chihiro Muramatsu, Japanese female tennis player
* Haruki Muramatsu, Japanese darts player
* Jun Muramatsu
* Osamu Muramatsu (村松 修), Japanese astronomer
* Muramatsu Shōfu
* Taisuke Muramatsu, Japanese football player
* Tomomi Muramatsu
* Yukinori Muramatsu (村松 幸典, born 1969), Japanese footballer
# Musy

Musy is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benoît Musy (1917–1956), Swiss motorcycle racer
* Enrico Musy (1901–1966), Italian actor
* Gianni Musy (1931–2011), Italian actor and voice actor
* Jean-Marie Musy (1876–1952), Swiss politician
* Louis Musy (1902–1981), French opera singer and stage director
* Pierre Musy (1910–1990), Swiss bobsledder
# Viscount Chilston

Viscount Chilston, of Boughton Malherbe in the County of Kent, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1911 for the Conservative politician and former Home Secretary, Aretas Akers-Douglas. The title derives from Chilston Park, Akers-Douglas's country house in Kent. He was made Baron Douglas of Baads, in the County of Midlothian, at the same time, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. His son, the second Viscount, served as British Ambassador to Russia from 1933 to 1938. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, the third Viscount. As of 2010 the titles are held by the latter's first cousin once removed, the fourth Viscount, who succeeded in 1982. He is the grandson of the Hon. George Alexander Akers-Douglas, second son of the first Viscount.
The family seat now is The Old Rectory, near Twyford, Hampshire.

## Viscounts Chilston (1911)

* Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston (1851–1926)
* Aretas Akers-Douglas, 2nd Viscount Chilston (1876–1947)
** Hon. Aretas Akers-Douglas (1905–1940)
* Eric Alexander Akers-Douglas, 3rd Viscount Chilston (1910–1982)
* Alastair George Akers-Douglas, 4th Viscount Chilston (b. 1946)
The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son the Hon. Oliver Ian Akers-Douglas (b. 1973) The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son Ivo Aretas Akers-Douglas (b. 2007)
# Viscount Clanmalier

Viscount Clanmalier, in the King's and Queen's County, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 22 December 1631 for Sir Terence O'Dempsey, Sheriff of Queen's County in 1591 who was knighted in 1599. He was made Baron of Phillipstown, in the Queen's County, at the same time, also in the Peerage of Ireland. His grandson, Lewis, the second Viscount, joined the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and was consequently attainted with his titles forfeited. However, in 1662 he was restored to a third of his former estates and presumably to his titles. His son, Maximilian, the third Viscount, was Governor of King's County. It is believed that Terence O'Dempsey, the youngest son of Maximilian fled Ireland with his cousin Sir John Byrne to England ( The Four Masters) . The actual velum title document still exists.

## Viscounts Clanmalier (1631)

* Terence O'Dempsey, 1st Viscount Clanmalier (died c. 1638)
** Hon. Owny O'Dempsey (died between 1637 and 1638)
* Lewis O'Dempsey, 2nd Viscount Clanmalier (died 1683)
* Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier (died 1691)
# Grevillea formosa

Grevillea formosa, also known as the Mount Brockman grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. It is a prostrate to sprawling shrub with deeply divided leaves, the lobes sometimes further divided, the end leaflets linear, and green flowers that turn bright golden-yellow.

## Description

Grevillea formosa is a sprawling shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in), with trailing branches up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long. Its leaves are divided, 60–180 mm (2.4–7.1 in) long with 5 to 26 erect, linear leaflets, sometimes further divided, the end lobes 30–90 mm (1.2–3.5 in) long and 0.5–1.0 mm (0.020–0.039 in) wide. The edges of the leaflets are rolled under, but are not sharply-pointed. The flowers are arranged in toothbrush-like clusters along a rachis 120–300 mm (4.7–11.8 in) long. The flowers are green, turning bright golden-yellow as they age, the pistil 54–60 mm (2.1–2.4 in) long. Flowering occurs from January to March and the fruit is a shaggy-hairy follicle 11–16 mm (0.43–0.63 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Grevillea formosa was first formally described in 1986 by Donald McGillivray in his book New Names in Grevillea (Proteaceae), based on specimens collected in 1973. The specific epithet (formosa) means "beautifully-formed".

## Distribution and habitat

This grevillea grows in rocky places in the Pine Creek and Arnhem Plateau bioregions of western Arnhem Land.

## Conservation status

Grevillea formosa is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and under the Northern Territory Government Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act. Despite the species' restricted distribution, the population appears stable and there are no major threats affecting it at present or in the near future. No direct conservation measures are required for this species.
# Grevillea floribunda

Grevillea floribunda, commonly known as seven dwarfs grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spreading shrub with oblong to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base and groups of six to twenty flowers covered with rusty brown hairs.

## Description

Grevillea floribunda is a spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.4–1.8 m (1 ft 4 in – 5 ft 11 in). Its leaves are oblong to egg-shaped, mostly 20–80 mm (0.79–3.15 in) long and 2–20 mm (0.079–0.787 in) wide and softly-hairy on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged in groups of six to twenty, usually at the end of branches, the perianth is greenish and covered with woolly, rusty-brown hairs and the pistil is 9.0–19.5 mm (0.35–0.77 in) long. The ovary is sessile and the style is reddish. Flowering occurs in all months with a peak in spring and the fruit is a hairy follicle 10.5–17 mm (0.41–0.67 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Grevillea floribunda was first formally described in 1830 by Robert Brown in his Supplementum primum Prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae. The specific epithet means "profusely flowering".
In 1994, Peter M. Olde and Neil R. Marriott described two subspecies of G. floribunda and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* Grevillea floribunda R.Br. subsp. floribunda
* Grevillea floribunda subsp. tenella Olde & Marriott

## Distribution and habitat

Seven dwarfs grevillea grows in forest and woodland and is widespread on the tablelands and western slopes of New South Wales and in south-eastern Queensland. There is a single doubtful record from the Killawarra Forest in Victoria. Subspecies tenella is restricted to the Darling Downs region of Queensland.

## Conservation status

Grevillea floribunda is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is an extremely widespread and common species with a stable overall population and no known major threats. Minor, localised threats include inappropriate fire regimes and land clearing for agriculture.
# Muñoz Municipality

The Muñoz Municipality is one of the seven municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Apure and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 27,542. The town of Bruzual is the municipal seat of the Muñoz Municipality. The municipality is named for Major General José Cornelio Muñoz [es], leader of a division of independence forces during the Venezuelan War of Independence.

## Demographics

The Muñoz Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of 30,197 (up from 26,141 in 2000). This amounts to 6.4% of the state's population. The municipality's population density is 3.81 inhabitants per square kilometre (9.9/sq mi).

## Government

The mayor of the Muñoz Municipality is Ramón de Jesús Bona Arraíz, re-elected November 23, 2008 with 58% of the vote. The municipality is divided into five parishes; Urbana Bruzual, Mantecal, Quintero, Rincón Hondo, and San Vicente.
# Museo della figurina

The Museo della figurina (Collectible Card Museum) is a museum dedicated to collectible cards. Opened on December 15, 2006, it is located inside Palazzo Santa Margherita, in Modena, Italy.

## History

The Collectible cards museum was born for the collector's will and passion by Giuseppe Panini, the founder of the Panini Group and the creator of the renewal of the collectible cards in the modern sense, who wanted to support his product through a small print story gathering, since the beginning of his business, hundreds of thousands of small prints from all over the world, similar to the figurine for technique or function.
The collection expanded to such an extent as to become, in 1986, a museum located within the company itself. In 1992 Giuseppe Panini decided, in agreement with the company and the Municipality of Modena, to donate the collection, which has become one of the most important in the world in its city, the world's capital of the collectible cards, a museum that could document its origins and development to the most modern production techniques.
Over the years to follow, the museum's activities focused on the cataloging of the collection, consisting of about 500,000 cards, on its expansion and its dissemination through publications and thematic exhibitions.

## The rooms

The layout includes a permanent section divided into the following main areas:
* The antecedents: recurring iconographic themes;
* Chromolithography: the advent of chromolithographic printing and the path from the sketch to the card;
* The birth and spread: from the dawn of the card in the second half of the nineteenth century in France until the prizes in Italy in the thirties of the twentieth century;
* Liebig: the world's most famous collection of cards;
* Not just collectible cards: barber calendar, cigarette cards, placemarks, menus, sealing stamps, hotel labels and other smaller collections;
* The modern collectible cards: the cards dedicated to the world of sport, especially to football, and the spread of albums in the post-war period.
The museum is set up in a large exhibition hall, where there are six cabinets, corresponding to six large albums to browse. In them, the whole story of cards has been traced back to the most innovative production techniques. Each wardrobe corresponds to a precise path, marked by original prints and objects, for a total of 2,500 pieces, which are part of the museum's heritage (about 500,000 cards in total). In addition to the real cards that represent the main part of the collection, Giuseppe Panini wanted to represent the whole world of small color prints: English cigarettes cards, cigar cords, boxes matches, menus and hotel labels, candy papers, barber calendar, and 80,000 stamp stamps.
For the exhibition purpose, the Museum usually organizes temporary exhibitions, which propose a specific theme. There is also a workshop for didactic activities and a specialized library in the Museum.
# Museo delle Cere (San Marino)

Museo delle Cere is a wax museum in City of San Marino, San Marino.