OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# VEGF receptor

VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) are receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). There are three main subtypes of VEGFR, numbered 1, 2 and 3. Depending on alternative splicing, they may be membrane-bound (mbVEGFR) or soluble (sVEGFR).
Inhibitors of VEGFR are used in the treatment of cancer.

## VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis (the formation of the circulatory system) and angiogenesis (the growth of blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature). As its name implies, VEGF activity is restricted mainly to cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a limited number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte/macrophage migration). In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesis and cell migration. VEGF also enhances microvascular permeability and is sometimes referred to as vascular permeability factor.

## Receptor biology

All members of the VEGF family stimulate cellular responses by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors (the VEGFRs) on the cell surface, causing them to dimerize and become activated through transphosphorylation. The VEGF receptors have an extracellular portion consisting of 7 immunoglobulin-like domains, a single transmembrane spanning region and an intracellular portion containing a split tyrosine-kinase domain.
VEGF-A binds to VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1). VEGFR-2 appears to mediate almost all of the known cellular responses to VEGF. The function of VEGFR-1 is less well defined, although it is thought to modulate VEGFR-2 signaling. Another function of VEGFR-1 is to act as a dummy/decoy receptor, sequestering VEGF from VEGFR-2 binding (this appears to be particularly important during vasculogenesis in the embryo). In fact, an alternatively spliced form of VEGFR-1 (sFlt1) is not a membrane bound protein but is secreted and functions primarily as a decoy. A third receptor has been discovered (VEGFR-3), however, VEGF-A is not a ligand for this receptor. VEGFR-3 mediates lymphangiogenesis in response to VEGF-C and VEGF-D.
In addition to binding to VEGFRs, VEGF binds to receptor complexes consisting of both neuropilins and VEGFRs. This receptor complex has increased VEGF signalling activity in endothelial cells (blood vessels). Neuropilins (NRP) are pleiotropic receptors and therefore other molecules may interfere with the signalling of the NRP/VEGFR receptor complexes. For example, Class 3 semaphorins compete with VEGF$_{165}$ for NRP binding and could therefore regulate VEGF-mediated angiogenesis.
# Nanocorax

Nanocorax is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It contains two valid species, N. crassus and N. microserratodon. It has been found in North America, Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
# Nalder

Nalder is a surname of English origin. People with the surname include:
* Bill Nalder (born 1952), former Australian rules footballer
* Cambell Nalder (1937–1987), Australian politician, son of Crawford Nalder
* Crawford Nalder (1910–1994), Australian politician
* Dean Nalder (born 1966), Australian politician, grandson of Crawford Nalder
* Eric Nalder, American journalist
* Leonard Fielding Nalder (1888–1958), British colonial administrator
* Reggie Nalder (1907–1991), actor
* Ron Nalder (born 1939), Australian rules footballer
# Vaccari

Vaccari is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Frédéric Vaccari (born 1987), French rugby league footballer
* Julio Vaccari (born 1980), Argentine football manager
* Marco Vaccari (born 1966), Italian sprinter
* Oreste Vaccari (1886–1980), Italian orientalist and linguist
* Paolo Vaccari (born 1971), Italian rugby player
# Vaccarezza

Vaccarezza is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alberto Vaccarezza (1886–1959), Argentine poet and playwright
* Angelo Vaccarezza (born 1965), Italian politician
* Cândido Vaccarezza (born 1955), Brazilian gynecologist and politician
* Maria Pia Vaccarezza (born 1944), Italian former actress
# Nambour Plaza

Nambour Plaza is a sub-regional shopping centre located in Nambour on the Sunshine Coast, Queensland. The 11,282 square metre centre includes anchor tenants, Woolworths and Big W and 40 speciality stores.

## Nambour Central

Neighbouring the plaza is Nambour Central, a small 3,196sqm community shopping mall with about 5 retailers. Above the mall is also an office suite.
# Nambu

Nambu may refer to:

## Firearms

* Nambu pistol, a Japanese firearm
* New Nambu M60, a Japanese revolver
* New Nambu M66
* Nambu Type 90
* Type 94 Nambu pistol
* 7×20mm Nambu
* 8×22mm Nambu

## People with the surname

* Chūhei Nambu (1904–1997), Japanese track-and-field athlete
* Hiroko Nambu (南部 博子, born 1968), Japanese cyclist
* Kenzo Nambu (born 1992), Japanese footballer
* Kijirō Nambu (1869–1949), Japanese gunmaker
* Yoichiro Nambu (1921–2015), Japanese American theoretical physicist

## Other uses

* Nambu language or Nambo-Namna, of Papua New Guinea
* Nambu languages, of Papua New Guinea
* Nambu (station), on the Busan Subway
* Nambu Line, a railway line between Tokyo and Kanagawa, Japan
* National Union of General Workers (Zenrokyo), in Japan
# Nambozo

Nambozo is a name. Notable people with the name include:
* Beverley Nambozo, Ugandan writer
* Florence Nambozo Wamala (born 1975), Ugandan politician
* Sarah Nambozo Wekomba (born 1978), Ugandan legislator
# Shu Hai Practices Javelin

Shu Hai Practices Javelin is the second CD of music by Israeli composer Chaya Czernowin released by Mode Records, with music settings of poems by Zohar Eitan whose 1997 poetry collection it borrows. It features prominently German singer and improviser Ute Wassermann, and the vocal writing has been described as reminiscent of that of John Cage, Cathy Berberian and Luciano Berio.

## Track listing

* “Six Miniatures And A Simultaneous Song” – 11:30
* “Shu Hai In An Orchestral Setting: First Orchestral Entrance” – 4:57
* “Shu Hai In An Orchestral Setting: First Vocal Entrance” – 5:59
* “Shu Hai In An Orchestral Setting: Second Orchestral Entrance” – 4:41
* “Shu Hai In An Orchestral Setting: Second Vocal Entrance” – 13:59
* “Shu Hai Mitamen Behatalat Kidon: First Movement” - 13:12
* “Shu Hai Mitamen Behatalat Kidon: Second Movement” - 18:25
# Nano/Bio Interface Center

The Nano/Bio Interface Center is a Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center at the University of Pennsylvania. It specializes in bionanotechnology, combining aspects of life sciences and engineering, with a particular focus in biomolecular optoelectronics and molecular motions, including developing new scanning probe microscopy techniques. It offers a master's degree in nanotechnology. The center was established in 2004 with a US$11.6 million grant from the National Science Foundation, and received an additional $11.9 million grant in 2009. By 2013, it had constructed a new facility, the Krishna P. Singh Center for Nanotechnology.

## Award for Research Excellence in Nanotechnology

The Award for Research Excellence in Nanotechnology is given by the Nano/Bio Interface Center each year to an outstanding researcher in nanotechnology. The award is given each year at the center's NanoDay outreach event.
| Year | Recipient | Institution | Rationale |
| 2005 | Horst Störmer | Columbia University | 2D electron sheets in semiconductors |
| 2006 | Steven M. Block | Stanford University | Optical tweezer studies of biomolecules |
| 2007 | Charles M. Lieber | Harvard University | Synthesis, characterization, and assembly of nanomaterials |
| 2007 | Christoph Gerber | University of Basel | Scanning probe microscopy |
| 2008 | Naomi J. Halas | Rice University | Nanoshells with tunable optical properties |
| 2009 | Harold Craighead | Cornell University | Nanofabrication |
| 2010 | Angela Belcher | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | |
| 2011 | Don Eigler | IBM Amalden Research Center | Low temperature scanning tunneling microscopes |
| 2012 | Toshio Ando | Kanazawa University | High-speed atomic force microscopy of protein molecules |
| 2013 | Joseph W. Lyding | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | Scanning tunneling microscopy of charge density waves and silicon surfaces |
| 2014 | Charles Marcus | University of Copenhagen | Electromagnetic control of nanomaterials, fractional quantum Hall effect, and Majorana fermions |
| 2015 | Xiaowei Zhuang | Harvard University | Super-resolution imaging for the studies of biological systems |
| 2016 | Catherine J. Murphy | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | Gold nanocrystals with tunable optical properties |
# Vaitkus

Vaitkus is the masculine form of a Lithuanian family name. Its feminine forms are: Vaitkienė (married woman or widow) and Vaitkutė (unmarried woman). It is derived from the personal name Vaitkus, from Polish Wojtek, which is a diminutive of the Polish given name Wojciech.
The surname may refer to:
* Eduardas Vaitkus (born 1956), Lithuanian doctor, professor and political activist
* Jonas Vaitkus (born 1944), Lithuanian theatre and film director
* Rimantas Vaitkus, First Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania
* Tomas Vaitkus (born 1982), Lithuanian professional road racing cyclist
* Girmantė Vaitkutė [lt], Lithuanian singer, instrumentalist, participated in Lithuanian Eurovision Song Contest 2013 to win 2nd place
* Felix Waitkus (1907-1956), American pilot
# Vaito'omuli

Vaito'omuli is a village on the island of Savai'i in Samoa. It is situated on the south coast of the island in the district of Palauli and the electoral district of Palauli 3. The population is 683.
# Shumsher

Shumsher is a given name popular in Nepal, and was carried by most of the Rana dynasty. Notable people with the surname include:

## Politics

* Bahadur Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1892–1977), diplomat
* Bharat Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (c. 1929–2018), politician
* Bhim Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1865–1932), 14th Prime Minister of Nepal
* Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1852–1901), 11th Prime Minister of Nepal
* Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1863–1929), 13th Prime Minister of Nepal
* Cholendra Shumsher JB Rana (born 1957), judge
* Dev Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1862–1914), 12th Prime Minister of Nepal
* Jagdish Shumsher Rana (1929–2017), writer and politician
* Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1875–1952), 15th Prime Minister of Nepal
* Khadga Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1861–1921), politician and military commander-in-chief
* Krishna Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1900–1977), diplomat
* Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1885–1967), foreign minister
* Padma Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1882–1961), 16th Prime Mimister of Nepal
* Pashupati Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (born 1941), politician
* Udaya Shumsher Rana (born 1970), youth leader and politician

## Military

* Baber Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1888–1960), commander-in-chief of Nepal military Dambar Shumsher Rana Dambar Shumsher Rana (1859–1922), photographer and army general
* Dhir Shumsher Rana (1828–1884), army general and politician
* Gaurav Shumsher JB Rana (born 1955), Chief of Army
* Gehendra Shumsher (1871–1906), firearm manufacturer and army general
* Jagat Shumsher Rana (1826–1879), commander-in-chief
* Kaiser Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1892–1964), field marshal
* Kiran Shumsher Rana (1916–1986), commander-in-chief
* Nir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1913–2013), field marshal
* Rana Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1861–1887), commander-in-chief of Nepal military
* Rudra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, field marshal

## Police

* Nara Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1911–2006), police chief
* Ratna Shumsher J.B.R., inspector general
* Pradip Shumsher J.B.R., police chief
* Toran Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1904–?), police chief

## Other

* Diamond Shumsher Rana (1918–2011), writer and activist
* Madan Shumsher JBR, cricketer
* Ratna Shumsher Thapa (1939–2020), lyricist
# Vala (clan)

The Vala, or Wala is a Gujarati clan (Gotra) mostly found among Koli, Rajput and Kathi castes of Gujarat.
# Shodoshima Yokai Art Museum

The Shodoshima Yokai Art Museum, also known as the Yokai Bijutsukan Art Museum is a small museum in Kagawa prefecture, which is focused on yōkai, supernatural entities in Japanese folklore.

## Description

The museum, directed by Yagyu Chuebi, contains approximately nine hundred examples of Yokai. The museum is located on Shodoshima island, in the area known as the "maze district", in four wooden structures from the Meiji Era. The collection consists of works by several artists some of which have been acquired through the Yokai Art Contest annually over the past decade.
The origins of yokai folklore go back to the 11th century. The 18th century artist and scholar, Toriyama Sekien, brought attention to yokai folklore through his illustrated encyclopedia of monsters. Yokai have been described as the human imagination at work to process "fear, awe, and anxiety toward nature and unknown presences that writhe within the darkness." Yōkai are mischievous creatures, sometimes considered demonic, that shed light on mysterious or unexplained phenomena, for example, damaging winds or noises in the night that cannot be explained. There are three basic types of yōkai, Obake who are usually depicted as shapeshifting monsters; Yurei, that are ghosts; and the more general Yōkai.

## Gallery

* Far right art detail of scroll depicting Yokai betrothal, marriage, and home life, 16th century or 17th century
* Yōkai artwork from "Kyōsai Kawanabe's Pictures of One Hundred Demons (1890), woodblock printed book (orihon, accordion-style); ink and color on paper.
* Yokai without a head
# Signal 100

Signal 100 (Japanese: シグナル100, Hepburn: Shigunaru 100) is a 2019 Japanese horror film directed by Lisa Takeba. Based on the manga of the same name written by Arata Miyatsuki and illustrated by Shigure Kondo, the film stars Kanna Hashimoto and Yuta Koseki.
Signal 100 premiered at the Sitges Film Festival in October 2019. It received a theatrical release in Japan on 24 January 2020.

## Cast

* Kanna Hashimoto as Rena Kashimura
* Yuta Koseki as Sota Sakaki
* Toshiki Seto as Hayato Wada
* Shouma Kai as Seiya Saionji
* Masaki Nakao as Subaru Fujiharu
* Shodai Fukuyama as Gen Kirino
* Keisuke Nakata as Kenta Hashiba

## Release

Signal 100 had its world premiere at the Sitges Film Festival in Sitges, Spain, in October 2019. It was released in Japan across theatres nationwide on 24 January 2020.
On 24 January 2023, the film was made available in the United States on the streaming service Screambox.
# Uyigue Igbe

Uyigue Igbe is a Nigerian politician and former Speaker of Edo State House of Assembly. In 2011, Uyigue Igbe won the ticket for Oredo West constituency to represent the constituency at the state House of Assembly.

## Family

Uyigue Igbe is the son of Chief Sam Odighi Igbe, the Iyase of Benin Kingdom.
# Uyil

Uyil is a folksong in Othon-koy style (long long song). There are four options.
The song was first recorded by I. Saltykov in the 1920s. The song is about the military service of Bashkirs on the Orenburg border line.
The song was included in the manuscript collection Bashkir folk melodies. The text was written by Akhnaf Harisov in 1946 in the Ilishevsky district Bashkir ASSR by Sh. Sh. Shurifullin and published in the collection Bashkir folk art (1954, volume 1). Other versions were recorded by M. Baimov, F. Nadrshina, Salawat Salmanov, L.K. Salmanova, poet Rashit Shakur. The song is lyrical and epic. The song "Uyyl" was composed by the Bashkirs carrying the border service on the Orenburg line (southeastern border of the Russian Empire).

## History

At the end of the 18th century, after the defeat of the uprising led by Yemelyan Pugachev and Salawat Yulayev, a canton management system was introduced in Bashkortostan. In 1798, the Bashkirs by decree of Emperor Paul I were transferred to the Cossack position (1798-1865). Bashkirs were obliged to take part in military campaigns of the Russian army, and each Bashkir male was to participate in protecting the Russian Empire's border for 25 years. Service members had to participate in many wars and campaigns.
Many songs about the military service of the Bashkirs survive. They relate to classic folk songs. One of them is "Uyyl". The song is associated with the Bashkir's military service in Kazakhstan. The Uyyl River begins in the steppes near Aktyubinsk and goes underground, not reaching the Caspian Sea. The Bashkir army often had to cross the Uyyl River, but more often served in the fortress.
Judging by the words and the dramatic nature of "Uyyl", the song reflects the thoughts of a warrior who is forced to stay in military service for 25 years and who misses his homeland. Two versions of the lyrics survive. "Uyyl" is a song of a wide range (duodecim) and rich ornamentation. The gradual strengthening of the melody enhances the sense of sadness and hopelessness. It was first edited by composer Abrar Gabdrakhmanov for voice and piano as well as for an a capella choir.
In 1937, Lev Lebedinsky recorded in the village of Ibrai, Zianchurinsky district from Sh. Kulmukhametov, «Song of Lenin», where a slightly modified melody of the song "Uyyl" was used.
A variant of "Uyil", is called "Willow has been grown behind the house" ("Oey artynda tal uthtertheng"). It is included in the manuscript collection Bashkir folk songs.

## Artists

Suleiman Abdullin, Azat Ayytkolov, F. F. Gareev, Zaki Makhmutov, Gilman Safargalin, Ramazan Yanbekov, Gulsara Davletgareyeva ensemble “Masem tash” recorded versions of "Uyil".
# Uygun

Uygun is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bülent Uygun (born 1971), Turkish footballer and manager
* Gürkan Uygun (born 1974), Turkish actor
* Korkut Uygun (born 1975), Turkish chemical engineer and medical researcher
* Samin Uygun, Turkish footballer
* Uyg‘un, (1905–1990), an Uzbek poet, dramatist, writer, and politician
# Valby Gasworks

Valby Gasworks was a former gasworks between Vigerslev Allé og Retortvej in the Copenhagen suburb of Valby. It was one of Denmark's largest gasworks, with a total area of 270.000 m$^2$. It produced coal gas between 1907 and 1963, and from then on was used just for gas storage.
In 1964 the works was destroyed by a powerful gas explosion, causing many injuries and serious damage to the surrounding suburb. The explosion featured in an episode of the series Danmarks katastrofer (Denmark's disasters) by DR.

## Explosion

When the works were constructed, they were positioned well outside of Copenhagen city for public safety. However, in the postwar years the city rapidly expanded. By the 1960s, the works had been completely surrounded by housing.
On 26 September 1964, at 9.36 am, an explosion occurred in the gasworks control house. This was one of the buildings out towards Vigerslev Allé, between the two gasholders. Due to negligent maintenance, the building had been filled with a mixture of air and coal gas, forming a dangerously explosive mix (oxyhydrogen). This was subsequently accidentally ignited by a cigarette or spark. Although the gas mixture was well under 1.000 m³, the building was obliterated, punching holes in both gas holders in the process. Circa 140.000 m³ of gas began to escape, until it too was ignited by the burning building, burning with high flame for a few minutes but without doing any further damage.
The force of the explosion was sufficient such that Copenhagen residents believed an atom bomb had been dropped 3 workers at the gasworks were killed by the explosion, a man in a nearby bakery died of shock and another man died from falling roof tiles. In total 200 people were hospitalised. More than 100.000 windows were smashed in a 5 km radius from the works, and the explosion caused 35 million kroner in damage, equivalent to 370 million kroner in 2013.
After the explosion, the works – which was only functioning for distribution and storage – was completely closed and leveled by the authorities. Today it is used for housing. Gas storage was moved to a gasholder built nearby on Køgevej.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 altomhistorie.dk: Valby Gasværk 1964
* 1 2 "DR-tv Bonanza: Katastrofen på Valby Gasværk".
* ↑ Danmarks Statistik: Prisberegner
55°39′28″N 12°29′40″E﻿ / ﻿55.6578°N 12.4944°E﻿ / 55.6578; 12.4944
# Sia (Pisidia)

Sia was a town of ancient Pisidia inhabited during Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine times.
Its site is located near Karaot, in Asiatic Turkey.
From Smithsonian Magazine, June 2024:
"Founded during the Hellenistic period, [Sia] otherwise remains a mystery. 'All the ancient sources are silent about Sia, as if it never existed,' [Umit] Isin[, founder of Equinox Travel] said. 'Arrian and other historians talk about wars, roads and trade in Pisidia—but not one mentions this name.'
"Yet Sia undoubtedly grew into an important polis. Immense blocks of stone from Hellenistic and Roman structures were strewn across the forest floor, possibly toppled by an earthquake, and several intact walls rose around them."
The article notes that the only evidence that exists of the city's name is a temple lintel inscription, "HO DEMOS HO SIENOI": "The people of Sia."
# Sigoyer

Sigoyer may refer to the following places in France:
* Sigoyer, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, a commune in the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
* Sigoyer, Hautes-Alpes, a commune in the department of Hautes-Alpes

## Other uses

* Sigoyer (grape), an alternative name for the French wine grape Calitor.
* Bouteillan noir, another French wine grape that is also known as Sigoyer.
# Vanamaladinne

Vanamaladinne is a village in Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It falls under Punganur Mandal.
13°19′N 78°31′E﻿ / ﻿13.317°N 78.517°E﻿ / 13.317; 78.517
Vanamaladinne is famous for Tomato field and Potato fields. Like many other villages it is also famous for local politics.
Most of the farmers in the village at least own a two wheeler.
* This article about a location in Andhra Pradesh is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sibilobilo Safari Area

Sibilobilo Safari Area comprises the Sibilobilo Islands in Lake Kariba and is part of the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Estate.

## History of the park

The safari area was proclaimed in 1975, prior to which it was a Controlled Hunting Area, since the impoundment of Lake Kariba.

## Features
### Geography and geology

The Safari Area comprises 13 islands in Lake Kariba, the largest of which are Namembere, Namagwaba and Weather, and 2,130 ha of the Sengwa Peninsular.
The Sibilobilo area is underlain by rocks of the Mesozoic Upper Karoo Group, predominantly sandstones and basalts. Specimens of Vulcanodon karibaensis have been found in the Vulcanodon beds within the Batoka basalt.

### Archaeological, historical and cultural sites
## Accommodation and camping

None current or proposed.

## Tourism
### Access

By boat from Kariba or by motorable track from Bumi Hills.

### Concessions

The Sibilobilo Safari Area is divided into two sections A (the islands) and B (the peninsular), which are let under concession to tour operators or for recreational hunting.