# Methanol (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on methanol.

## Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Safety Datasheet (SDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. SDS is available at MSDS, J.T. Baker and Loba Chemie

## Structure and properties

Structure and properties :
| Index of refraction, n$_D$ | 1.328 at 20 °C |
| Dielectric constant, ε$_r$ | 32.66 at 20 °C |
| Magnetic susceptibility | 5.3×10$^{−7}$ cm$^3$·g$^{−1}$ |
| Surface tension | 22.5 dyn/cm at 20 °C |
| Viscosity | 0.808 mPa·s at 0 °C 0.690 mPa·s at 10 °C 0.593 mPa·s at 20 °C 0.449 mPa·s at 40 °C 0.349 mPa·s at 60 °C |

## Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior :
| Triple point | 175.5 K (−97.7 °C), 1.86·10$^{−1}$ Pa |
| Critical point | 513 K (240 °C), 78.5 atm |
| Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ$_{fus}$H$^o$ | 3.1773 kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of fusion, Δ$_{fus}$S$^o$ | 18.1 J/(mol·K) |
| Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ$_{vap}$H$^o$ | 37.6 ± 0.5 kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ$_{vap}$S$^o$ | 113 J/(mol·K) |
| Solid properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{solid}$ | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{solid}$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Liquid properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{liquid}$ | −238.4 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{liquid}$ | 127.2 J/(mol K) |
| Enthalpy of combustion Δ$_c$H$^o$ | −715.0 kJ/mol |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | 70.8–90.5 J/(mol K) (at −97.6 to 64.7 °C) 79.9 J/(mol K) at 20 °C |
| Gas properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{gas}$ | −201.3 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{gas}$ | 239.9 J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | 52.29 J/(mol K) at 77 °C 61.43 J/(mol K) at 100–223 °C |
| Heat capacity ratio, γ = c$_p$/c$_v$ | 1.203 at 77 °C |
| van der Waals' constants | a = 964.9 L$^2$ kPa/mol$^2$ b = 0.06702 liter per mole |

## Spectral data

UV-Vis :
| λ$_{max}$ | ? nm |
| Extinction coefficient, ε | ? |
| IR ||
| Major absorption bands | (liquid film) Wave numbertransmittance 3347 cm$^{−1}$6% 3336 cm$^{−1}$8% 2945 cm$^{−1}$18% 2833 cm$^{−1}$22% 2522 cm$^{−1}$77% 2046 cm$^{−1}$84% 1460 cm$^{−1}$47% 1116 cm$^{−1}$62% 1030 cm$^{−1}$4% 662 cm$^{−1}$58% |
| NMR ||
| Proton NMR | 3.97 ppm, 3.417 ppm |
| Carbon-13 NMR | 50.05 ppm |
| Other NMR data | |
| MS ||
| Masses of main fragments | |

## Vapor pressure of liquid

| P in mm Hg | P in mm Hg | 1 | 10 | 40 | 90 | 400 | 760 | 1520 | 3800 | 7600 | 15200 | 30400 | 45600 |
| T in °C | T in °C | −44.0 | −16.2 | 5.0 | 21.2 | 49.9 | 64.7 | 84.0 | 112.5 | 138.0 | 167.8 | 203.5 | 224.0 |
| Methanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses Antoine's equation: $\scriptstyle P_{mmHg}=10^{7.87863-{\frac {1473.11}{230.0+T}}}$ from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed. | Log$_{10}$ of methanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses Antoine's equation: $\scriptstyle \log _{10}{P_{mmHg}}=7.87863-{\frac {1473.11}{230.0+T}}$ from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed. |
Here is a similar formula from the 67th edition of the CRC handbook. Note that the form of this formula as given is a fit to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which is a good theoretical starting point for calculating saturation vapor pressures:
    log$_{10}$(P) = −(0.05223)a/T + b, where P is in mmHg, T is in kelvins, a = 38324, and b = 8.8017.

## Properties of aqueous methanol solutions

Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The annotation, d a°C/b°C, indicates density of solution at temperature a divided by density of pure water at temperature b known as specific gravity. When temperature b is 4 °C, density of water is 0.999972 g/mL.
| % wt methanol | % vol methanol | d 15.6 °C/4 °C | d 0 °C/4 °C | d 10 °C/4 °C | d 20 °C/4 °C | freezing temp °C |
| 0 | 0 | 0.99908 | 0.99984 | 0.99970 | 0.99820 | 0.0 |
| 1 | 1.25 | 0.99728 | 0.9981 | 0.9980 | 0.9965 | |
| 2 | 2.50 | 0.99543 | 0.9963 | 0.9962 | 0.9943 | |
| 3 | 3.75 | 0.99370 | 0.9946 | 0.9945 | 0.9931 | |
| 3.9 | 5 | 0.9938 | | | | −2.2 |
| 4 | 4.99 | 0.99198 | 0.9930 | 0.9929 | 0.9914 | |
| 5 | 6.22 | 0.99029 | 0.9914 | 0.9912 | 0.9896 | |
| 6 | 7.45 | 0.98864 | 0.9899 | 0.9896 | 0.9880 | |
| 7 | 8.68 | 0.98701 | 0.9884 | 0.9881 | 0.9863 | |
| 8 | 9.91 | 0.98547 | 0.9870 | 0.9865 | 0.9847 | |
| 8.1 | 10 | 0.9872 | | | | −5.0 |
| 9 | 11.13 | 0.98547 | 0.9856 | 0.9849 | 0.9831 | |
| 10 | 12.35 | 0.98241 | 0.9842 | 0.9834 | 0.9815 | |
| 11 | 13.56 | 0.98093 | 0.9829 | 0.9820 | 0.9799 | |
| 12 | 14.77 | 0.97945 | 0.9816 | 0.9805 | 0.9784 | |
| 12.2 | 15 | 0.9810 | | | | −8.3 |
| 13 | 15.98 | 0.97802 | 0.9804 | 0.9791 | 0.9768 | |
| 14 | 17.18 | 0.97660 | 0.9792 | 0.9778 | 0.9754 | |
| 15 | 18.38 | 0.97518 | 0.9780 | 0.9764 | 0.9740 | |
| 16 | 19.58 | 0.97377 | 0.9769 | 0.9751 | 0.9725 | |
| 16.4 | 20 | 0.975 | | | | −11.7 |
| 17 | 20.77 | 0.97237 | 0.9758 | 0.9739 | 0.9710 | |
| 18 | 21.96 | 0.97096 | 0.9747 | 0.9726 | 0.9696 | |
| 19 | 23.15 | 0.96955 | 0.9736 | 0.9713 | 0.9681 | |
| 20 | 24.33 | 0.96814 | 0.9725 | 0.9700 | 0.9666 | |
| 20.6 | 25 | 0.968 | | | | −15.6 |
| 21 | 25.51 | 0.96673 | 0.9714 | 0.9687 | 0.9651 | |
| 22 | 26.69 | 0.96533 | 0.9702 | 0.9673 | 0.9636 | |
| 23 | 27.86 | 0.96392 | 0.9690 | 0.9660 | 0.9622 | |
| 24 | 29.03 | 0.96251 | 0.9678 | 0.9646 | 0.9607 | |
| 24.9 | 30 | 0.964 | | | | −20.0 |
| 25 | 30.19 | 0.96108 | 0.9666 | 0.9632 | 0.9592 | |
| 26 | 31.35 | 0.95963 | 0.9654 | 0.9628 | 0.9576 | |
| 27 | 32.51 | 0.95817 | 0.9642 | 0.9604 | 0.9562 | |
| 28 | 33.66 | 0.95668 | 0.9629 | 0.9590 | 0.9546 | |
| 29 | 34.81 | 0.95518 | 0.9616 | 0.9575 | 0.9531 | |
| 29.2 | 35 | 0.957 | | | | −25.0 |
| 30 | 35.95 | 0.95366 | 0.9604 | 0.9560 | 0.9515 | |
| 31 | 37.09 | 0.95213 | 0.9590 | 0.9546 | 0.9499 | |
| 32 | 38.22 | 0.95056 | 0.9576 | 0.9531 | 0.9483 | |
| 33 | 39.35 | 0.94896 | 0.9563 | 0.9516 | 0.9466 | |
| 33.6 | 40 | 0.950 | | | | −30.0 |
| 34 | 40.48 | 0.94734 | 0.9549 | 0.9500 | 0.9450 | |
| 35 | 41.59 | 0.94570 | 0.9534 | 0.9484 | 0.9433 | |
| 36 | 42.71 | 0.94404 | 0.9520 | 0.9469 | 0.9416 | |
| 37 | 43.82 | 0.94237 | 0.9505 | 0.9453 | 0.9398 | |
| 38 | 44.92 | 0.94067 | 0.9490 | 0.9437 | 0.9381 | −35.6 |
| 39 | 46.02 | 0.93894 | 0.9475 | 0.9420 | 0.9363 | |
| 40 | 47.11 | 0.93720 | 0.9459 | 0.9403 | 0.9345 | |
| 41 | 48.20 | 0.93543 | 0.9443 | 0.9387 | 0.9327 | |
| 42 | 49.28 | 0.93365 | 0.9427 | 0.9370 | 0.9309 | |
| 43 | 50.35 | 0.93185 | 0.9411 | 0.9352 | 0.9290 | |
| 44 | 51.42 | 0.93001 | 0.9395 | 0.9334 | 0.9272 | |
| 45 | 52.49 | 0.92815 | 0.9377 | 0.9316 | 0.9252 | |
| 46 | 53.54 | 0.92627 | 0.9360 | 0.9298 | 0.9234 | |
| 47 | 54.60 | 0.92436 | 0.9342 | 0.9279 | 0.9214 | |
| 48 | 55.64 | 0.92242 | 0.9324 | 0.9260 | 0.9196 | |
| 49 | 56.68 | 0.92048 | 0.9306 | 0.9240 | 0.9176 | |
| 50 | 57.71 | 0.91852 | 0.9287 | 0.9221 | 0.9156 | |
| 51 | 58.74 | 0.91653 | 0.9269 | 0.9202 | 0.9135 | |
| 52 | 59.76 | 0.91451 | 0.9250 | 0.9182 | 0.9114 | |
| 53 | 60.77 | 0.91248 | 0.9230 | 0.9162 | 0.9094 | |
| 54 | 61.78 | 0.91044 | 0.9211 | 0.9142 | 0.9073 | |
| 55 | 62.78 | 0.90839 | 0.9191 | 0.9122 | 0.9052 | |
| 56 | 63.78 | 0.90631 | 0.9172 | 0.9101 | 0.9032 | |
| 57 | 64.77 | 0.90421 | 0.9151 | 0.9080 | 0.9010 | |
| 58 | 65.75 | 0.90210 | 0.9131 | 0.9060 | 0.8988 | |
| 59 | 66.73 | 0.89996 | 0.9111 | 0.9039 | 0.8968 | |
| 60 | 67.69 | 0.89781 | 0.9090 | 0.9018 | 0.8946 | |
| 61 | 68.65 | 0.89563 | 0.9068 | 0.8998 | 0.8924 | |
| 62 | 69.61 | 0.89341 | 0.9046 | 0.8977 | 0.8902 | |
| 63 | 70.55 | 0.89117 | 0.9024 | 0.8955 | 0.8879 | |
| 64 | 71.49 | 0.88890 | 0.9002 | 0.8933 | 0.8856 | |
| 65 | 72.42 | 0.88662 | 0.8980 | 0.8911 | 0.8834 | |
| 66 | 73.34 | 0.88433 | 0.8958 | 0.8888 | 0.8811 | |
| 67 | 74.26 | 0.88203 | 0.8935 | 0.8865 | 0.8787 | |
| 68 | 75.17 | 0.87971 | 0.8913 | 0.8842 | 0.8763 | |
| 69 | 76.08 | 0.87739 | 0.8891 | 0.8818 | 0.8738 | |
| 70 | 76.98 | 0.87507 | 0.8869 | 0.8794 | 0.8715 | |
| 71 | 77.86 | 0.87271 | 0.8847 | 0.8770 | 0.8690 | |
| 72 | 78.75 | 0.87033 | 0.8824 | 0.8747 | 0.8665 | |
| 73 | 79.62 | 0.86792 | 0.8801 | 0.8724 | 0.8641 | |
| 74 | 80.48 | 0.86546 | 0.8778 | 0.8699 | 0.8616 | |
| 75 | 81.34 | 0.86300 | 0.8754 | 0.8676 | 0.8592 | |
| 76 | 82.18 | 0.86051 | 0.8729 | 0.8651 | 0.8567 | |
| 77 | 83.02 | 0.85801 | 0.8705 | 0.8626 | 0.8542 | |
| 78 | 83.86 | 0.85551 | 0.8680 | 0.8602 | 0.8518 | |
| 79 | 84.68 | 0.85300 | 0.8657 | 0.8577 | 0.8494 | |
| 80 | 85.50 | 0.85048 | 0.8634 | 0.8551 | 0.8469 | |
| 81 | 86.31 | 0.84794 | 0.8610 | 0.8527 | 0.8446 | |
| 82 | 87.11 | 0.84536 | 0.8585 | 0.8501 | 0.8420 | |
| 83 | 87.90 | 0.84274 | 0.8560 | 0.8475 | 0.8394 | |
| 84 | 88.68 | 0.84009 | 0.8535 | 0.8449 | 0.8366 | |
| 85 | 89.45 | 0.83742 | 0.8510 | 0.8422 | 0.8340 | |
| 86 | 90.21 | 0.83475 | 0.8483 | 0.8394 | 0.8314 | |
| 87 | 90.97 | 0.83207 | 0.8456 | 0.8367 | 0.8286 | |
| 88 | 91.72 | 0.82937 | 0.8428 | 0.8340 | 0.8258 | |
| 89 | 92.46 | 0.82667 | 0.8400 | 0.8314 | 0.8230 | |
| 90 | 93.19 | 0.82396 | 0.8374 | 0.8287 | 0.8202 | |
| 91 | 93.92 | 0.82124 | 0.8347 | 0.8261 | 0.8174 | |
| 92 | 94.63 | 0.81849 | 0.8320 | 0.8234 | 0.8146 | |
| 93 | 95.33 | 0.81568 | 0.8293 | 0.8208 | 0.8118 | |
| 94 | 96.02 | 0.81285 | 0.8266 | 0.8180 | 0.8090 | |
| 95 | 96.70 | 0.80999 | 0.8240 | 0.8152 | 0.8062 | |
| 96 | 97.37 | 0.80713 | 0.8212 | 0.8124 | 0.8034 | |
| 97 | 98.04 | 0.80428 | 0.8186 | 0.8096 | 0.8005 | |
| 98 | 98.70 | 0.80143 | 0.8158 | 0.8068 | 0.7976 | |
| 99 | 99.35 | 0.79859 | 0.8130 | 0.8040 | 0.7948 | |
| 100 | 100 | 0.792 | 0.8102 | 0.8009 | 0.7917 | −97.8 |
| % wt methanol | % vol methanol | d 15.6 °C/4 °C | d 0 °C/4 °C | d 10 °C/4 °C | d 20 °C/4 °C | freezing temp °C |

## Distillation data

Vapor–liquid equilibrium of methanol/water P = 760 mm Hg; T = 72.4 °C − 100.0 °C :
| BP temp. °C | % by mole methanol | % by mole methanol |
| BP temp. °C | liquid | vapor |
| 100.00 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 99.25 | 0.5840 | 4.5705 |
| 96.9 | 1.2 | 11.4 |
| 95.7 | 2.6 | 15.7 |
| 92.2 | 5.0 | 29.3 |
| 90.15 | 7.38 | 36.65 |
| 87.5 | 10.2 | 43.0 |
| 86.50 | 11.76 | 48.55 |
| 84.8 | 14.0 | 51.4 |
| 84.3 | 15.0 | 52.2 |
| 82.9 | 17.5 | 56.0 |
| 81.5 | 20.0 | 59.0 |
| 78.0 | 30.0 | 67.5 |
| 75.4 | 40.0 | 73.5 |
| 73.7 | 47.3 | 76.5 |
| 72.6 | 52.6 | 79.4 |
| 72.4 | 54.0 | 80.1 |
Vapor–liquid equilibrium of methanol/water P = 760 mm Hg; T = 64.6 °C − 72.0 °C :
| BP temp. °C | % by mole methanol | % by mole methanol |
| BP temp. °C | liquid | vapor |
| 72.0 | 56.5 | 80.5 |
| 71.5 | 58.5 | 81.6 |
| 71.4 | 60.0 | 83.1 |
| 70.6 | 66.2 | 85.7 |
| 69.9 | 67.5 | 86.5 |
| 69.6 | 70.0 | 87.4 |
| 69.1 | 71.4 | 87.8 |
| 67.8 | 80.0 | 91.8 |
| 66.9 | 85.0 | 93.0 |
| 66.50 | 88.08 | 94.17 |
| 66.2 | 89.0 | 95.6 |
| 66.1 | 90.0 | 96.1 |
| 65.7 | 92.0 | 96.5 |
| 65.4 | 95.0 | 98.1 |
| 64.95 | 96.57 | 95.69 |
| 64.70 | 98.71 | 97.78 |
| 64.6 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Vapor–liquid equilibrium of methanol/ethanol P = 760 mm Hg :
| BP temp. °C | % by mole methanol | % by mole methanol |
| BP temp. °C | liquid | vapor |
| 78.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 76.6 | 13.4 | 18.3 |
| 75.0 | 24.2 | 32.6 |
| 73.6 | 32.0 | 42.8 |
| 72.3 | 40.1 | 52.9 |
| 71.7 | 43.5 | 56.6 |
| 70.0 | 54.2 | 67.6 |
| 68.6 | 65.2 | 75.9 |
| 67.7 | 72.8 | 81.3 |
| 66.9 | 79.0 | 85.8 |
| 66.6 | 81.4 | 87.5 |
| 65.8 | 87.3 | 91.9 |
| 65.6 | 91.0 | 93.7 |
| 64.6 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
* view
* Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
* Reliability of data general note.