# List of primates of Colombia

The primates of Colombia include 41 extant species in 13 genera and five families. Additionally, 12 fossil species in 10 genera and five families have been identified in Colombia, mainly at the La Venta Lagerstätte of the Honda Group, mostly from the so-called "Monkey Unit", "Monkey Beds" or "Monkey Locality", the richest site for fossil primates in South America. As of 2013, of the 30 fossil primate species found in South America dating to the Late Oligocene (26 Ma) to the Pleistocene, twelve are described from the Honda Group. The genera Branisella, Caipora, Carlocebus, Chilecebus, Dolichocebus, Homunculus, Killikaike, Mazzonicebus, Proteropithecia, Protopithecus, Soriacebus, Szalatavus and Tremacebus have been discovered in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Peru and are not known from Colombia. Additionally, Antillothrix, Insulacebus (both Hispaniola), Paralouatta (Cuba) and Xenothrix (Jamaica) were restricted to the Caribbean. The discovery of Perupithecus, described in 2015 from the Late Eocene (35-36 Ma) Santa Rosa fauna in the Yahuarango Formation of the Peruvian Amazon, pushes back the evolutionary lineage of New World primates.

## Extant primates

| Common name | Scientific name | Distribution & habitat | Remarks |
| Aotidae - night monkeys |
| Brumback's night monkey | Aotus brumbacki | Orinoco region | ssp. of A. lemurinus ?; Vulnerable |
| Gray-bellied night monkey | Aotus lemurinus | Tropical Andes | Vulnerable |
| Gray-handed night monkey | Aotus griseimembra | Northern Colombia east of Sinú River | ssp. of A. lemurinus ?; Vulnerable |
| Hernández-Camacho's night monkey | Aotus jorgehernandezi | West slope of Central Andes (Quindío, Risaralda) | Tatamá (West Andes) ? |
| Panamanian night monkey | Aotus zonalis | Chocó lowlands | ssp. of A. lemurinus ? |
| Spix's night monkey | Aotus vociferans | Amazon region | |
| Atelidae - howler, spider, and wooly monkeys |
| Black-headed spider monkey | Ateles fusciceps | West slope of West Andes, Pacific lowlands | Critically endangered |
| Brown spider monkey | Ateles hybridus | Magdalena Valley, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Serranía del Perijá | Critically endangered |
| Brown woolly monkey | Lagothrix lagotricha | Amazon region | Vulnerable |
| Colombian woolly monkey | Lagothrix lugens | East Andes foothills, Serranía de la Macarena, Magdalena Valley, Serranía de San Lucas | Critically endangered; Endemic ? |
| Geoffroy's spider monkey | Ateles geoffroyi | Possibly extreme northern Chocó to Baudó Mountains | Endangered |
| Juruá red howler | Alouatta juara | Amazon region | may be subspecies of A. seniculus |
| Mantled howler | Alouatta palliata | Pacific lowlands, western Caribbean lowlands | |
| Ursine howler | Alouatta arctoidea | Northern Orinoco region | may be subspecies of A. seniculus |
| Venezuelan red howler | Alouatta seniculus | Throughout except Pacific & La Guajira | |
| White-bellied spider monkey | Ateles belzebuth | Parts of Amazon region, Serranía de la Macarena, foothills of East Andes | Endangered |
| Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins |
| Black-mantled tamarin | Saguinus nigricollis | Amazon region | |
| Brown-mantled tamarin | Saguinus fuscicollis | Amazon region | Sympatric with pygmy marmoset |
| Cotton-top tamarin | Saguinus oedipus | Caribbean region, PNN Tayrona | Critically endangered; Endemic |
| Geoffroy's tamarin | Saguinus geoffroyi | Chocó lowlands and foothill forest | |
| Goeldi's marmoset | Callimico goeldii | Amazon region | Vulnerable |
| Graells's tamarin | Saguinus graellsi | Amazon region | ssp. of S. nigricollis ?; Near threatened |
| Mottle-faced tamarin | Saguinus inustus | Amazon region | |
| Pygmy marmoset | Cebuella pygmaea | Amazon region | |
| White-footed tamarin | Saguinus leucopus | Northern Colombia; dry and humid forest | Allopatry from S. oedipus; Endangered; Endemic |
| Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys |
| Colombian white-faced capuchin | Cebus capucinus | Pacific lowlands, Gorgona Island | Map shows combined range of Colombian and Panamanian white-faced capuchins; Colombian white-faced capuchin range shown in red |
| Common squirrel monkey | Saimiri sciureus | Amazon region | Subsequent taxonomic research restricts S. sciureus to Brazil and the Guianas; replaced in Colombia by S. cassiquiarensis |
| Humboldt's squirrel monkey | Saimiri cassiquiarensis | Amazon region | |
| Large-headed capuchin | Sapajus macrocephalus | Amazon region | may be ssp. of S. apella |
| Marañón white-fronted capuchin | Cebus yuracus | Southern Colombia | |
| Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin | Cebus cesarae | Río Cesar valley | Endemic |
| Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin | Cebus malitiosus | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | Endangered; Endemic |
| Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin | Cebus leucocephalus | Northern Colombia | |
| Tufted capuchin | Cebus apella | Amazon region, Orinoco region | |
| Varied white-fronted capuchin | Cebus versicolor | Río Magdalena Valley | Endangered; Endemic |
| Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin | Cebus albifrons | Amazon region | Several white-fronted capuchin species were formerly considered subspecies of C. albifrons |
| Pitheciidae - titis, sakis & uakaris |
| Black titi | Callicebus lugens | Orinoco & Amazon lowlands, between Caquetá & Tomo Rivers | |
| Caquetá titi | Callicebus caquetensis | Caquetá | Critically endangered; Endemic geographic range of just about 100 km$^2$ (39 sq mi), actually occupies only about 10 km$^2$ (3.9 sq mi) within that range |
| Collared titi | Callicebus torquatus | Amazon region | |
| Colombian black-handed titi | Callicebus medemi | Amazon region, between Caquetá & Putumayo Rivers | Vulnerable; Endemic |
| Golden-backed uakari | Cacajao melanocephalus | Between Caquetá & Guaviare Rivers, to Serranía de la Macarena | |
| Lucifer titi | Callicebus lucifer | Amazon region, between Caquetá & Putumayo Rivers | |
| Monk saki | Pithecia monachus | Amazon region, south of Caquetá River | |
| Ornate titi | Callicebus ornatus | East Andean foothills to Serranía de la Macarena | Vulnerable; Endemic |
| White-tailed titi | Callicebus discolor | Amazon region | Vulnerable |

## Fossil primates

| Age | Formation | Family | Genus | Species |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Aotidae | Aotus | A. dindensis |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Atelidae | Miocallicebus | M. villaviejai |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Atelidae | Stirtonia | S. tatacoensis (syn. Kondous laventicus) |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Atelidae | Stirtonia | S. victoriae |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Callitrichidae | Lagonimico | L. conclucatus |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Callitrichidae | Micodon | M. kiotensis |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Callitrichidae | Patasola | P. magdalenae |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Cebidae | Saimiri | S. annectens (syn. Laventiana annectens, Neosaimiri annectens) |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Cebidae | Saimiri | S. fieldsi (syn. Neosaimiri fieldsi) |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Pitheciidae | Cebupithecia | C. sarmientoi |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | Pitheciidae | Nuciruptor | N. rubricae |
| Mid Miocene (Laventan) | Honda Group | incertae sedis (Callitrichidae, Pitheciidae or Aotidae) | Mohanamico | M. hershkovitzi |