OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Miers Longstreth

Miers Fisher Longstreth (March 15, 1819 - December 27, 1891) was an American merchant, physician, and astronomer, best known as a founding member of the National Academy of Sciences.
Longstreth was born in Philadelphia and received his secondary education at Clermont Academy (graduating 1833), then M.L. Hurlburt's Classical Academy. He left school to work in a hardware store, becoming a full member of the firm in 1840. As early as 1837, however, he was attending lectures at the College of Pharmacy of the University of Pennsylvania. In 1856 he completed a medical degree at the university's Medical Department.
By happenstance, a new Friends School was established next to his and his wife's home. The school had an astronomical observatory, which Dr. Longstreth was invited to use. He soon came to own a 5-inch aperture telescope, a transit instrument, and an astronomical clock. With these instruments, he discovered a discrepancy in the then-accepted formulas for the position of the Moon and improved upon them as "Longstreth's Lunar Formula", so-named by Benjamin Peirce and put to immediate use in the American Nautical Almanac.
Longstreth was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1848, and was a founding member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1863. Throughout his life he was a devoted member of the Society of Friends.
# List of botanical gardens in Latvia

Botanical gardens in Latvia have collections consisting entirely of Latvia native and endemic species; most have a collection that include plants from around the world. There are botanical gardens and arboreta in all states and territories of Latvia, most are administered by local governments, some are privately owned.
* University of Latvia Botanical Garden – Riga
* National Botanic Garden of Latvia – Salaspils
* Kalsnava Arboretum – Kalsnava Parish, Latvia
# Temple Building (Marlborough, Massachusetts)

The Temple Building is a historic commercial and residential building at 149 Main Street in Marlborough, Massachusetts. The four story red brick building was built in 1879–80, and originally housed shops on the ground floor and a hotel on the upper floors. It still has shop space on the ground floor, but the upper levels have been converted to apartments. The building has Second Empire styling, with a mansard roof that is punctured at the center of the main facade by a two-bay arched projecting with decorative brickwork.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# Newcastle Castle

Newcastle Castle may refer to one of two medieval castles in Great Britain:
* The Castle, Newcastle, in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
* Newcastle Castle, Bridgend, a ruinous Norman castle in Bridgend, Wales.
# Veltheimia capensis

Veltheimia capensis is one of two species of flowering plants belonging to the genus Veltheimia, of the family Asparagaceae. It is a tender bulbous perennial reaching a height of 46 cm (18 in), with flowers varying in color from white with red spots to pink with green or red markings.

## Morphology

Leaves of this plant are narrowly lance-shaped, thick and bluish green in color (see picture below). The average leaf size is 30 cm (12 in) long and 4 cm (1.6 in) across. The leaves retain their color throughout spring, summer and autumn. The leaves are in a whorled arrangement around the stem. Stems are also thick and are green in color, mixed with shades of purple. The most noticeable characteristic of the plant is its flower arrangement. Veltheimia capensis produces rosettes that are arranged in a raceme inflorescence that ultimately resembles a pendent-like shape. Individual flowers are tubular in shape and average 2–3 cm (~1in) in length. The flowers vary from white with red spots to pink with green or red markings. The plant generally flowers in spring and early summer.

## Names

The specific epithet capensis refers to the Western Cape Province of South Africa, a native habitat for the plant. Common names include sand lily, elephant's eye and winter veltheimia.

## Distribution

V. capensis grows naturally in the dry, arid climate of the northern part of the Western Province in south-western South Africa. Its distribution includes the rocky slopes of Namaqualand and extends through to parts of the Little Karoo.

## Habitat and ecology

V. capensis germinates optimally at temperatures ranging from 19–24 °C (66–75 °F); however, it has also been known to grow in temperatures as low as 5–7 °C (41–45 °F). Soil conditions that are favorable for Veltheimia capensis are soils that are moderately fertile, well drained and experience a pH of 5.5-7.5. The composition of the soil is generally clay loam, [loam], loamy sand, sandy clay loam and sandy loam.

## Cultivation

The plant is valued as a drought-resistant ornamental, though with a minimum temperature of 5–7 °C (41–45 °F), in temperate regions it must be grown under glass. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Tuirial Dam

Tuirial dam is an earthfill and gravity dam on the River Sonai near Kolasib in the state of Mizoram in India. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved the 60 MW Tuirial Hydro Electric Project (THEP) project costing Rs 913 crore in 2010. The project was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi (using a remote control from AR Ground) on 16 December 2017.

## Technical Features

Tuirial Hydel Project is the 2nd largest earthen dam and the largest in India. The height of the dam is 75 Metres. The dam has 3 split gates, 2 Turbine and 2 tunnel. Tuirial Hydel Dam has two 30MW Francis Turbine. The dam is estimated to produce 250 million units of electrical energy every year.

## History

Construction of 60 MW hydroelectric power station began in 1998 by NEEPCO but was halted in 2004 by the Tuirial Crop Compensation Claimant Association of which the Mizo National Front then Chief Minister Pu Zoramthanga's relatives figured among nine people named in Central Bureau of Investigation charge sheet. When Pu Lalthanhawla, who had started the project came back in power, he took initiatives to restart the project. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved the 60 MW Tuirial Hydro Electric Project (THEP) project costing Rs 913 crore in 2010.
# Selenocephalini

Selenocephalini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Deltocephalinae contains 21 genera and around 200 species divided into four subtribes: Adamina, Dwightlina, Ianeirina and Selenocephalina.

## Genera

There are 21 genera divided into four subtribes within Selenocephalini:
Subtribe Adamina Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983
* Adama Dlabola, 1980
Subtribe Dwightlina McKamey, 2003
* Dwightla McKamey, 2003
Subtribe Ianeirina Linnavuori, 1978
* Abimwa Linnavuori, 1978
* Bardera Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983
* Ianeira Linnavuori, 1969
* Kanziko Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983
Subtribe Selenocephalina Fieber, 1872
* Angolaia Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983
* Bumka McKamey, 2003
* Citorus Stål, 1866
* Distantia Signoret, 1879
* Foso Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983
* Gannia Theron, 1979
* Hecaloidella Osborn, 1934
* Ifeia Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983
* Loka Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983
* Maichewia Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983
* Malendea Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983
* Moluccazhangia McKamey, 2003
* Omanellinus Zhang, 1999
* Sapoba Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983
* Selenocephalus Germar, 1833
# Uropeltis macrolepis

Uropeltis macrolepis, commonly known as the Bombay earth snake, the Bombay shieldtail, and the large-scaled shieldtail, is a species of snake in the family Uropeltidae. The species is endemic to southern India. There are two recognized subspecies.

## Geographic range

Uropeltis macrolepis is found in Maharashtra (Phansad – near Supegaon, Mahabaleshwar, Koyna, Lonavla), India.
Type locality of Silybura macrolepis = "Ceylon?"
Type locality of Uropeltis macrolepis mableshwarensis = "Mahableshwar, Satara district, Bombay State", India.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of U. macrolepis is forest, at altitudes of 10–1,350 m (33–4,429 ft).

## Description

Uropeltis macrolepis is black or dark purplish brown both dorsally and ventrally, with each scale lighter-edged. There is a yellow stripe on the lips and sides of the neck, followed by two to five large yellow spots, and a yellow stripe along each side of the tail.
Adults may attain a total length (including tail) of 29.5 cm (11+1⁄2 in).
The smooth dorsal scales are in only 15 rows at midbody (in 17 rows behind the head). The ventrals number 128–140, and the subcaudals number 7–9.
The snout is rounded. The rostral is less than ¼ of the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above shorter than its distance from the frontal. The nasals are in contact with each other behind the rostral. The frontal is as long as or slightly longer than broad. The diameter of eye is more than ½ the length of the ocular shield. The diameter of body goes 24 to 29 times into the total length. The ventrals are twice as large as the contiguous scales. The end of the tail is obliquely truncate, flat dorsally, with strongly bicarinate scales. The terminal scale has a transverse ridge and two points.

## Behavior

Uropeltis macrolepis is terrestrial and fossorial.

## Diet

Uropeltis macrolepis preys upon earthworms.

## Reproduction

Uropeltis macrolepis is ovoviviparous.

## Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominate race.
* Uropeltis macrolepis macrolepis (W. Peters, 1862)
* Uropeltis macrolepis mahableshwarensis Chari, 1955
# Symche Trachter

Symche Trachter, full name Szymon Symche Binem Trachter (1890 or 1894 – 1942) was a Polish painter of Jewish descent.

## Biography

In his youth he was a pupil of Jacek Malczewski in Kraków, one of the most famous painters of Polish Symbolism. Subsequently he pursued his studies in Vienna in 1918, and in Paris in 1927. He exhibited in Paris in 1930. Symche Trachter was active at Kraków, and also participated in exhibitions organized by the Jewish Society for the Propagation of the Fine Arts.
During the Second World War he was interned in the Warsaw Ghetto, but continued his artistic activities even in detention, decorating with frescoes — together with another painter and fellow detainee, Feliks Frydman — the walls of the main reception hall within the seat of the Ghetto's Judenrat. In 1942 he was deported by the Nazis from the Warsaw Ghetto on one of the first transports to the Treblinka extermination camp, where he was murdered in the Holocaust.
# George W. Beadle Award

The George W. Beadle Award is a scientific prize given by the Genetics Society of America to individuals who have made “outstanding contributions” to Genetics. The Award was established in 1999 and named in honor of George Wells Beadle, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958.

## Laureates

Source: Genetics Society of America
* 1999 Michael Ashburner
* 2000 John Sulston and Robert Waterston
* 2001 Gerald Fink
* 2002 André Goffeau and Robert K. Mortimer
* 2003 Gerald M. Rubin and Allan C. Spradling
* 2004 Norbert Perrimon, Harvard Medical School
* 2005 Thomas C. Kaufman, Indiana University
* 2006 Fred Sherman, University of Rochester
* 2007 Robert K. Herman, University of Minnesota
* 2008 Mark Johnston, Washington University School of Medicine
* 2009 Jay C. Dunlap, Dartmouth Medical School
* 2010 William M. Gelbart, Harvard University
* 2011 Joseph R. Ecker, Salk Institute for Biological Studies
* 2012 Therese Markow, University of California, San Diego
* 2013 R. Scott Hawley, Stowers Institute for Medical Research
* 2014 Hugo J. Bellen, Baylor College of Medicine
* 2015 John Postlethwait, University of Oregon
* 2016 Susan Celniker, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
* 2017 Susan A. Gerbi, Brown University
* 2018 Philip Hieter, University of British Columbia
* 2019 Michael P. Snyder, Stanford University
* 2020 Julie Ahringer, Cambridge University
* 2021 Chao-ting Wu, Harvard Medical School
* 2022 Shirley M. Tilghman, Princeton University
# Aggregate planning

Aggregate planning is a marketing activity that does an aggregate plan for the production process, in advance of 3 to 18 months, to give an idea to management as to what quantity of materials and other resources are to be procured and when, so that the total cost of operations of the organization is kept to the minimum over that period.
The quantity of outsourcing, subcontracting of items, overtime of labour, numbers to be hired and fired in each period and the amount of inventory to be held in stock and to be backlogged for each period are decided. All of these activities are done within the framework of the company ethics, policies, and long term commitment to the society, community and the country of operation.
Aggregate planning has certain pre-required inputs which are inevitable. They include:
* Information about the resources and the facilities available.
* Demand forecast for the period for which the planning has to be done.
* Cost of various alternatives and resources. This includes cost of holding inventory, ordering cost, cost of production through various production alternatives like subcontracting, backordering and overtime.
* Organizational policies regarding the usage of above alternatives.
"Aggregate Planning is concerned with matching supply and demand of output over the medium time range, up to approximately 12 months into the future. The term aggregate implies that the planning is done for a single overall measure of output or, at the most, a few aggregated product categories. The aim of aggregate planning is to set overall output levels in the near to medium future in the face of fluctuating or uncertain demands. Aggregate planning might seek to influence demand as well as supply.

## Aggregate Plan Strategies
### Level plans

* Use a constant workforce & produce similar quantities each time period
* Use inventories and back-orders to absorb demand peaks & valleys
* Use inventories in better way to absorb the peak of demand and valleys

### Chase plans

* Minimize finished good inventories by trying to keep pace with demand fluctuations
* Matches demand varying either work force level or output rate

### Hybrid Strategies

* Build-up inventory ahead of rising demand and use back-orders to level extreme peaks
* Layoff or furlough workers during lulls
* Subcontract production or hire temporary workers to cover short-term peaks
* Reassign workers to preventive maintenance during lulls

## Problems related to Aggregate Planning

Smoothing
* Smoothing refers to costs that result from changing production and workforce levels from one period to the next.
Bottleneck Problems
* It is the inability of the system to respond to sudden changes in demand as a result of capacity restrictions.
Planning Horizon
* The number of periods for which the demand is to be forecasted, and hence the number of periods for which workforce and inventory levels are to be determined, must be specified in advance.
Treatment of Demand Aggregate planning methodology requires the assumption that demand is known with certainty. This is simultaneously a weakness and a strength of the approach.
# Malerba

Malerba is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfredo Malerba (1909–1994), Argentine pianist and musician
* Franco Malerba (born 1946), Italian astronaut
* Joseph Malerba (born 1962), French actor
* Luigi Malerba (1927–2008), Italian novelist and screenwriter
* Marilynn Malerba, lifetime chief of the Mohegan Tribe, and the 45th treasurer of the United States
# Võllinge

Võllinge is a village in Elva Parish, Tartu County in Estonia.
# National Taiwan Sport University

25°01′55.3″N 121°23′12.0″E﻿ / ﻿25.032028°N 121.386667°E﻿ / 25.032028; 121.386667
The National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU; Chinese: 國立體育大學) is a public university specialized in sports in Taoyuan, Taiwan.
NTSU offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs, including bachelor's and master's degrees in fields such as sports science, physical education, leisure and recreation management, sports coaching, athletic training, and sports medicine. The university also offers doctoral programs in sports science and physical education.

## History

NTSU was originally established as National College of Physical Education and Sports on 1 July 1987. On 1 February 2008, the college was renamed to National Taiwan Sport University.

## Academics

NTSU has four colleges:
| College of Athletics | Department | Bachelor | Master | PhD |
| College of Athletics | Dept. of Sports Training Science – Combats | ✔ | | |
| College of Athletics | Dept. of Sports Training Science – Balls | ✔ | | |
| College of Athletics | Dept. of Sports Training Science – Athletics | ✔ | | |
| College of Athletics | Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science | | ✔ | ✔ |
| College of Athletics | MSc & MPhE dual degrees programme in International Sports Coaching Science | | ✔ | |
| College of Physical Education | Dept. of Sport Promotion | ✔ | ✔ | |
| College of Physical Education | Dept. of Adapted Physical Education | ✔ | ✔ | |
| College of Physical Education | Graduate Institute of Physical Education | | ✔ | ✔ |
| College of Exercise and Health Sciences | Dept. of Athletic Training and Health | ✔ | | |
| College of Exercise and Health Sciences | Graduate Institute of Sport Science | | ✔ | ✔ |
| College of Management | Dept. of Recreation and Leisure Industry Management | ✔ | ✔ | |
| College of Management | Graduate Institute of International Sport Affairs | | ✔ | |
| College of Management | Doctoral Program for Transnational Sport Management and Innovation | | | ✔ |

## Notable alumni

* Chen Kuei-ru, athlete

## Transportation

The university is accessible within walking distance south of National Taiwan Sport University Station of Taoyuan Metro.
# Nicolás Parodi

Nicolás Parodi (born: 19 November 1970 ) is a sailor from Uruguay. who represented his country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain as crew member in the Soling. With Helmsman Ricardo Fabini and fellow crew member Nicolás Parodi they took 16th in the Soling.
# Tuirial Assembly constituency

Tuirial is one of the 40 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram state in India.
It is part of Kolasib district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| 2008 | Hmingdailova Khiangte | Indian National Congress |
| 2013 | Hmingdailova Khiangte | Indian National Congress |
| 2018 | Andrew H. Thangliana | Zoram People's Movement |
| 2021^ | K. Laldawngliana | Mizo National Front |
^by-election

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election: Tuirial :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | MNF | K. Laldawngliana | |
| | ZPM | Laltlanmawia | |
| | INC | Dr. Henry Zodinliana Pachuau | |
| | BJP | F. Vanhmingthanga | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | |
| | | | Swing |

### 2021 by-election

2021 Tuirial by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | MNF | K. Laldawngliana | 5,820 | 39.89 | 10.53 |
| | ZPM | Laltlanmawia | 4536 | 31.09 | 0.29 |
| | INC | Chalrosanga Ralte | 3927 | 26.92 | 0.61 |
| | BJP | K. Laldinthara | 246 | 1.69 | 1.73 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 61 | 0.42 | 0.01 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1284 | 8.80 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 14,590 | | |
| | MNF gain from ZPM | MNF gain from ZPM | Swing | | |

### 2018

2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election: Tuirial :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | ZPM | Andrew H. Thangliana | 4,387 | 30.80 | 29.71 |
| | MNF | Sailothanga Sailo | 4183 | 29.36 | New |
| | INC | Joseph L. Ralte | 3748 | 26.31 | 12.81 |
| | NPP | Hmingdailova Khiangte | 1209 | 8.49 | New |
| | BJP | Jacob T. Vanlawma | 487 | 3.42 | New |
| | PRISM | B. Vanlalhruaia | 104 | 0.73 | New |
| | Independent | V. Lalennawma | 66 | 0.46 | New |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 63 | 0.43 | 0.36 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 204 | 1.44 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 14,245 | 83.78 | 0.54 |
| | ZPM gain from INC | ZPM gain from INC | Swing | | |

### 2013

2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election: Tuirial :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Hmingdailova Khiangte | 5,119 | 39.12 | 0.46 |
| | ZNP | Joseph L. Ralte | 4880 | 37.30 | New |
| | MPC | Kenneth Chawngliana | 2982 | 22.79 | 8.22 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 103 | 0.79 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 239 | 1.84 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 13084 | 83.24 | 1.15 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | | |

### 2008

2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election: Tuirial :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Hmingdailova Khiangte | 4,717 | 39.58 | New |
| | MPC | Sailothanga Sailo | 3695 | 31.01 | New |
| | MNF | Lalliankima | 3204 | 26.89 | New |
| | Independent | Lalhluna | 188 | 1.58 | New |
| | Independent | Moses Malsawmtluanga | 78 | 0.65 | New |
| | LJP | Zoramsangzela | 35 | 0.29 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1022 | 8.58 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11917 | 81.9 | |
| | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) |
# Mullipuram Grama Niladhari Division

Mullipuram Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Puttalam Divisional Secretariat of Puttalam District of North Western Province, Sri Lanka . It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 617A.
Seguwantivu and Vidatamunai Wind Farms are located within, nearby or associated with Mullipuram.
Mullipuram is a surrounded by the Manalthivu, Marikkar Street and Pudukudirippuwa Grama Niladhari Divisions.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The Mullipuram Grama Niladhari Division has a Moor majority (96.7%) . In comparison, the Puttalam Divisional Secretariat (which contains the Mullipuram Grama Niladhari Division) has a Moor majority (63.3%) and a significant Sinhalese population (26.6%)
Ethnicity in Mullipuram

### Religion

The Mullipuram Grama Niladhari Division has a Muslim majority (96.7%) . In comparison, the Puttalam Divisional Secretariat (which contains the Mullipuram Grama Niladhari Division) has a Muslim majority (64.2%), a significant Buddhist population (18.2%) and a significant Roman Catholic population (10.1%)
Religion in Mullipuram

## Gallery

* Seguwantivu and Vidatamunai Wind Farms
vtePlaces adjacent to Mullipuram Grama Niladhari Division :
Manalthivu
Mullipuram Grama Niladhari Division
Marikkar Street
Pudukudirippuwa :
# Gopal Lal Sharma

Gopal Lal Sharma is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the 16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, representing the Mandalgarh constituency. He previously served as an MLA from 2018 to 2023, also representing the same constituency.

## Political career

In the 2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, he was elected as an MLA from the Mandalgarh constituency, defeating Vivek Dhakar by 10,333 votes.
Following the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, he was re-elected as an MLA from the Mandalgarh constituency, defeating Vivek Dhakar, the candidate from the Indian National Congress (INC), by a margin of 8194 votes.
# Quest (band)

Quest is an American jazz band, which includes saxophonist Dave Liebman, pianist Richie Beirach, bassist Ron McClure, and drummer Billy Hart. The original band line-up included bassists George Mraz and drummer Al Foster. They were featured on the group's first album only; all subsequent recordings feature the Liebman/Beirach/McClure/Hart line-up.

## Discography

* 1981: Quest (Trio [Japan]; Palo Alto)
* 1987: Quest II (Storyville)
* 1987: Quest III: Midpoint – Live at Montmartre (Storyville)
* 1988: N.Y. Nites: Standards (Storyville)
* 1988: Natural Selection (Evidence)
* 1990: Of One Mind (CMP)
* 2007: Redemption: Quest Live in Europe (HatOLOGY)
* 2010: Re-Dial: Live in Hamburg (Outnote)
* 2010: Searching for the New Sound of Be-Bop (Storyville) (Compiles three complete previously released albums: Quest II, Quest III: Midpoint, and Double Edge, a Liebman/Beirach duo recording.)
* 2013: Live in Paris 2010 (Vaju Prod.) (download only; no CD release)
* 2013: Circular Dreaming: Quest Plays the Music of Miles' 60's (Enja)