OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sammy Ridgley

Samuel Ridgley, aka Sammy Ridgley, (born August 6, 1943) was a R&B artist associated with New Orleans. His recorded output was slight just two 45 s and an album but he was a regular on the New Orleans' music circuit for over thirty years. He was also a committed civil rights activist who represented his community of Jefferson Parish in New Orleans.

## Career

Ridgley was raised in the Shrewsbury section of Jefferson Parish on Andover Street. He started singing gospel at the First Zion Baptist Church. Ridgley's biggest early influence was Joe Tex.
In 1962, Ridgley joined a seven-piece band and the band got $100 a night while working during a day job at a funeral home.
In 1965, Ridgley recorded a session at Cosimo's called "The Hully Gully" with Tommy Ridgley, Eddie Bo, and Irma Thomas singing background, but the session was never released. Ridgley also recalled working with O.W. Scott & the Magnificent with whom he made some recordings at WYLD's studio that were not released."
Around 1968, Ridgley started his own band called Operation Plus, which played at "the Young Man's Night Club on the Causeway for 24 years". In 1972, Ridgley signed with local producer/promoter Elijah Walker. Walker produced Ridgley's first single, I’ve Heard That Story and Shake A Shake Sue. The record was arranged by Wardell Quezergue and released on the King's Row label. However, when Walker died unexpectedly in 1973, Ridgley's career slowed and he cut just one further 45.
In 1981, Tommy Ridgley invited Sammy to open his show with Rose Davis.
In 1998, Ridgley was working at the Treasure Chest Casino when he was approached by Donald Lang and guitarist Ernie Vincent, who operate Kolab Records, to record a compact disc. During this time, Ridgley was a supervisor for community action programs at the Harvey Center. In 2010, Ridgley performed at the Ponderosa Stomp.
Sammy Ridgley died in New Orleans in August 2016

## Personal life

Ridgley was the younger brother of recording artist Tommy Ridgley. Ridgley wasactive in the Shrewsbury community and belonged to the Young Men's Union Benevolent Association, which is one of the oldest organizations in Jefferson Parish and goes back to 1801.
# Samo (given name)

Samo is a given name which may refer to:
* Samo (7th Century CE), First ruler of Slavic tribes in Greater Moravia
* Samo Chalupka (1812–1883), Slovak romantic poet
* Samo Kuščer (born 1952), Slovenian physicist and writer
* Samo Tomášik (1813–1887), Slovak romantic poet and writer
* Samo Udrih (born 1979), Slovenian basketball player
* Samo Vidovič (born 1968), Slovenian retired footballer
* Samo (born 1975), Mexican singer
# Torchia

Torchia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dennis Torchia, American biophysicist
* Joseph Torchia (1948–1996), American author, photographer and reporter
* Mike Torchia (born 1972), American ice hockey player
* Tony Torchia (1943–2021), American baseball player
# Minuscule 232

Minuscule 232 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 455 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1302. Scrivener deciphered the date as the year 1292.

## Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 289 parchment leaves (size 22 cm by 17.5 cm). The leaves are arranged in quarto (four leaves in quire). The text is written in one column per page, 20-22 lines per page.
It contains the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top and double Synaxarion. There are τιτλοι in the margins of Matthew and Luke. It is elegantly written, but the scribe used a poor source.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family K$^x$ in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.

## History

There is an inscription from 1514 made by one of its owners, Zacharias.
It was described by Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer, who collated it about 1783 for Andreas Birch. It was also collated by Matthaei. It was briefly described by Emmanuel Miller. Miller deciphered the date of the colophon as 1292.
It is currently housed at the Escurial (Cod. Escurialensis, y. III. 7).
# Samuel H. Barnes

Samuel Howe Barnes (1808 – November 13, 1860, in Norwich, Chenango County, New York) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

He married Harriet Pellet and they had six children.
On November 6, 1860, he was elected a Canal Commissioner on the Republican ticket, but died a week later, before the beginning of his term.

## Sources

* Chenango County Civil List, at RootsWeb
* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1867; page 406)
* History of Norwich, Chenango Co.
* The tickets, in NYT on November 5, 1860
* This article about a politician from the state of New York is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Samuel H. Caldwell

Samuel Hawks Caldwell (January 15, 1904 – October 12, 1960) was an American electrical engineer, known for his contributions to the early computers.

## Early life and education

Caldwell enrolled at MIT in 1921, where he completed his bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in electrical engineering. His M.Sc. thesis was entitled Electrical characteristics and theory of operation of a dry electrolytic rectifier (1926). In his doctoral studies he worked on analog computers with Vannevar Bush, developing the Differential Analyzer. His Sc.D., advised by Bush, was entitled The Extension and Application of Differential Analyzer Technique in the Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations (1933).
In 1934, he joined the faculty of the electrical engineering department as an assistant professor.

## World War II and Later Work

During World War II, Caldwell was a chief within the fire control section of the National Defense Research Committee. For his work during WWII, he earned a Medal for Merit, the Naval Ordnance Development Award, and the King's Medal for Service in the Cause of Freedom from Great Britain. At the time, the Medal for Merit was the highest civilian honor granted by the United States.
Caldwell was a pioneer in logic circuits.$^{:64}$
After the war, he led the MIT Center of Analysis, where he reluctantly gave way to digital computing by initiating the Rockefeller Electronic Computer (RED) and supporting the Project Whirlwind. The centre closed around 1950, after which Caldwell continued as a faculty member, being the advisor to both David A. Huffman (1953) and Edward J. McCluskey (1956).
In 1959, Caldwell published a paper describing his work on the Sinotype (also known as the Ideographic Composing Machine) which was one of the first efforts at typesetting and compositing the Chinese language with a computer.$^{:10}$ Using a QWERTY keyboard, a Sinotype user could input the brush strokes of which Chinese characters are composed (not their phonetic values).$^{:10}$ Sinotype has been described as the first instance of autocomplete. It was prototyped by the Graphic Arts Research Foundation (GARF).$^{:63}$

## Publications

* William H. Timbie and Henry Harold Higbie and Caldwell, Essentials of alternating currents, Wiley, 1939
* Electrical Engineering Research at M.I.T. : an appreciation MIT, 1948
* Analog and special purpose computing machines 1949
* Caldwell, Samuel Hawks (1958-12-01) [February 1958]. Written at Watertown, Massachusetts, USA. Switching Circuits and Logical Design (1st ed.). New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 0-47112969-0. LCCN 58-7896. (xviii+686 pages)
# Torgeir Svendsen

Torgeir Svendsen (1 March 1910 – 22 January 1981), was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

## Biography

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Østfold during the terms 1954–1957 and 1958–1961.
# Sams Publishing

Sams Publishing (originally Howard W. Sams & Co.) is an imprint for technical training manuals owned by the global education company Pearson plc.

## History

Sams Publishing was founded in 1946 by Howard W. Sams, originally producing radio schematics and repair manuals. It was acquired by ITT in 1967. ITT sold its publishing division in 1985 to Macmillan. In 1987, Sams was split into three divisions with the computer book division transferred to what later became Macmillan Computer Publishing.
Macmillan Computer Publishing was sold in 1991 to Paramount Communications, the parent company of Simon & Schuster, which absorbed the computer publishing division. Simon & Schuster later sold its education division to the imprint's current owner, Pearson.
The computer books division is notable for its "Teach Yourself", "Unleashed" and "21 days" book series.
# Minuscule 172

Minuscule 172 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 404 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th or the 14th century. Formerly it was labelled by 178$^a$, 242$^p$, and 87$^r$. It has marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Pauline epistles, Book of Revelations on 234 parchment leaves (size 24 cm by 16 cm) with numerous lacunae. The text is written in one column per page, in 24-30 lines per page. The leaves are arranged in quarto.
The Pauline epistles are written in smaller letters than the rest.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin.
It contains prolegomena, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) to Pauline epistles, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), incipits, αναγνωσεις (lessons), subscriptions at the end of each book, and numbers of στιχοι.

### Lacunae

Acts 1:1-4:24; 5:2-16; 6:2-7:2; 7:16-8:10; 8:38-9:13; 9:26-39; 10:9-22; 10:43-13:1; 23:32-24:24; 28:23-James 1:5; 3:6-4:16; 2 Peter 3:10-1 John 1:1; 3:13-4:2; Jude 16-25; Romans 14:23 - 15:1.4; 1 Corinthians 3:15-15:23; 2 Corinthians 10: 14-11:19; 13:5-13; Ephesians 1:1-2:14; 5:29-6:24 Colossians 1:24-26; 2:4-7; 2 Thessalonians 1:1-3:5; Hebrews 9:3-10:29 Rev 14:4-14; 21: 12-22:21.

## Text

Kurt Aland the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category.

## History

It was examined by Birch (about 1782), Scholz, and Scrivener. Scrivener in 1856 fully collated Apocalypse. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1883. Formerly it was labelled by 178$^a$, 242$^p$, and 87$^r$. In 1908 Gregory gave for it number 172.
It is currently housed at the Berlin State Library (Phill. 1461), at Berlin.
# Minuscule 590

Minuscule 590 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), Θ$^{ε35}$ (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript has complex contents. It was labeled by Scrivener as 831.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of Mark on 161 parchment leaves (size 24.5 cm by 19 cm). The text is written in one column per page, 29-41 lines per page.
It contains prolegomena, numerals of the κεφαλαια (chapters) at the left margin, the τιτλοι (titles) at the top, the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234 Sections - the last in 16:9), (not references to the Eusebian Canons), subscriptions at the end of each book, and numbers of στιχοι. The biblical text is surrounded by a commentary (catena).

## Text

The Greek text of the codex Aland did not place in any Category V.

## History

The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Gregory, who saw it in 1886.
The manuscript currently is housed at the Biblioteca Palatina in Parma (Ms. Pal. 15).
# Minuscule 594

Minuscule 594 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1402 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It was labelled by Scrivener as 470.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 241 parchment leaves (size 25 cm by 19.5 cm) with lacunae. It is written in one column per page, 17 lines per page. It contains the lists of the κεφαλαια before every Gospel, Prolegomena to the Gospel of John, lectionary markings, incipits, subscriptions, and στιχοι; αναγνωσεις (lessons) were added by a later hand.
Contents: Matthew 1:1-Luke 23:15; 23:33-48.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family K$^r$. Aland placed it in Category V. According to Wisse's Profile Method it represents the textual family K$^r$ in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made, Luke 1 is partly illegible.

## History

The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by F. H. A. Scrivener. It was examined by Dean Burgon.
The manuscript currently is housed at the Biblioteca di S. Lazzaro (1531), at Venice.
# Miomantis aurea

Miomantis aurea is a species of praying mantis in the family Miomantidae.
# Miomantis coxalis

Miomantis coxalis is a species of praying mantis in the family Miomantidae.
# Samson Mwathethe

General (retired) Samson Mwathethe, is a Kenyan military officer. Effective April 2015 to May 2020, he was the Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) of the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF), the highest appointment in the Kenyan armed forces.

## Background and education

He was born in the coastal town of Malindi, Kilifi County, in 1958 (age 65–66). He attended Shimo la Tewa Primary School, in Malindi and Sacret Heart High School, in Mombasa.
In 1978, he joined the Kenya Navy and was sent to the Britannia Royal Naval College in Dartmouth, Devon, United Kingdom (UK). After graduation, he was commissioned as a Seaman, in 1980. He has taken courses at national and international institutions, including (a) an International Sub-Lieutenants Course in the UK (b) an International Principal Warfare Ordinance Course (IPWO), in the UK (c) a Missiles Study Course in Italy (d) a course at Royal Naval College, Greenwich (e) a Defence Resource Management Course at the Naval Postgraduate School, in Monterey, California, United States and (f) a course at the National Defence College, Kenya.

## Career

Samson Mwathethe served as Vice Chief of Defence Forces, a position he held immediately prior to his appointment as CDF. He has also held command appointments in the KDF, including as (a) Commander of the Kenya Navy (b) Deputy Commander of the Kenya Navy (c) Commander of Logistics in the Kenya Navy and (d) Base Commander, Mtongwe Naval Base. He has also served as the Chief of Systems & Procurement for the Kenya Ministry of Defence, as a Commander on various Kenya Navy vessels.
In May 2019, President Uhuru Kenyatta extended General Mwathethe's term for another 12 months to the end of April 2020.

## Other considerations

In 1991, he served as a United Nations military observer in Kuwait/Iraq and in Yugoslavia, the following year. He is a decorated military officer with the Distinguished Conduct Order (DCO) and Moran of the Burning Spear (MBS) medals.
# San Michele Arcangelo a Pietralata

San Michele Arcangelo a Pietralata is a 20th-century parochial church and titular church in eastern Rome, dedicated to Michael the Archangel.

## History

San Michele Arcangelo a Pietralata was built in 1937–48; its construction was interrupted by the Second World War. It is built in red-orange brick, with the arms of Pope Pius XII displayed on the facade.
On 5 February 1965, it was made a titular church to be held by a cardinal-deacon.
In 1991 it was visited by Pope John Paul II. In 2015, the church was visited by Pope Francis. The visit attracted attention when the Pope also visited a refugee encampment 300 m (330 yd) away from the church.

### Cardinal-Protectors

* Joseph Cardijn (1965–1967)
* Javier Lozano Barragán (2003–2014)
* Michael Czerny (2019–present)
# Samuel Kettell

Samuel Kettell (1800–1855) was an American writer. He also wrote under the name "Sampson Short-and-fat".
He compiled Specimens of American Poetry, with Critical and Biographical Notices, the first comprehensive anthology of American poetry, which was published by Samuel Griswold Goodrich in 1829. The three volume collection included 188 poets, a historical introduction, and chronological listing of American poetry. The volumes came to be dubbed "Goodrich's Kettle of Poetry."
From September 1847 to March 1848 Kettell edited Merry's Museum.
# Sornéville

Sornéville is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
The commune covers an area of 9.22 km$^2$ (3.56 sq mi). Yvon Vincent is the mayor for the 2020-2026 tenure.
# Sornnarin Tippoch

Sornnarin Tippoch (Thai:ศรนรินทร์ ทิพย์โภชน์, born 7 June 1986) is a Thai cricketer and the former captain of the Thailand women's cricket team.

## Career

Tippoch began playing cricket at the age of 21 after being scouted while playing softball at university. She captained Thailand in their first-ever international against Bangladesh in 2008.
She captained the Thailand women's cricket team in the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier in February 2017. In June 2018, she was named as the captain of Thailand for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament. She made her Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) debut on 3 June 2018, in the 2018 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup.
In February 2019, she was the joint-leading wicket-taker in the 2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Asia tournament, with thirteen dismissals in six matches.
In August 2019, she was named as the captain of Thailand's squad for the 2019 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament in Scotland. In October 2019, she was named in the Women's Global Development Squad, ahead of a five-match series in Australia. In January 2020, she was named as the captain of Thailand's squad for the 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup in Australia.
In November 2020, Tippoch was nominated for the ICC Women's Associate Cricketer of the Decade award. In April 2021, the Cricket Association of Thailand announced that Naruemol Chaiwai would replace Tippoch as Thailand's captain across all formats. In November 2021, she was named in Thailand's team for the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament in Zimbabwe. She played in Thailand's first match of the tournament, on 21 November 2021 against Zimbabwe.
In October 2022, she played for Thailand in Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup.
On 18 October 2023, she announced retirement from international cricket.
# Virginia Tillou

Virginia E Tillou (September 13, 1906 – April 13, 1995) was an American artist known for mural paintings, abstract art, still lives, and portraits.

## Early life and education

Virginia E Tillou (Virginia Eller) was born in Centerville, Pennsylvania. She was raised in Buffalo, New York. She studied the violin at the School of Fine Arts of the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy. She eventually received an art scholarship, and became a painting student. She graduated from Buffalo Fine Arts Academy in 1927. She then attended the Cape Cod School of Art in Provincetown, Massachusetts before graduating from the Albright Art School in 1929. Following her graduation she worked as a staff artist at the Buffalo Museum of Science. In the meantime she was studying painting with Edwin Dickinson and William Hekking.

## Major works and notable exhibits

She exhibited her still lives and portraits in the Albright Art Gallery in 1954. In 1967 she accepted a commission to make a 40 foot high mural in interior entrance of the New York State Masonic Administration Building in Utica, New York. In 1982, she had a solo exhibition of her still lived at Rutland Gallery in London, much of the show sold to European collectors. In 1985, she had a solo exhibit titled "Tabletops and Portraits" at Burchfield Penney Art Center. The show featured portraits of various Buffalo residents. Her paintings appeared in the collections of Buffalo City Hall, Graphic Controls Corp., Andre Maurois and Andy Williams.

## Work with art associations

Tillou was an active member of art associations. From 1981 to 1983 she was on the board of directors for the Albright-Knox Art Gallery. She was a chairwoman for Members Gallery, Women’s Advisory Council and the Allentown Association. She was a member of the Friends of the School of Architecture and Environmental Design at University at Buffalo, the Main-Genesee Task Design Group for Buffalo Revitalization, Buffalo Landmark and Preservation Board and the Niagara Frontier Landmark Society. Tillou served as the president and vice president for Patteran Artists.

## Family life

She married Manley B. Tillou and had three sons, Manley B. II, Peter H., Dana E. Manley B Tillou died in 1973.

## Death

Virginia died at the age of 89 in Buffalo General Hospital.
# Sonne (Schiller song)

"Sonne" (English: Sun) is the first single from the 2012 Schiller album Sonne with German band Unheilig and vocals by Unheilig singer Bernd Heinrich Graf (Der Graf). The single was officially released on 21 September 2012, peaking at number 12 in the German singles chart in 2012. To this day, it's the highest entry of Schiller in the German Singles Chart. The single includes the song ″Klangwelten″. The cover art work shows a graphic of the sun. The music video was shot in Spain.

## Credits

* Music written by Christopher von Deylen
* Lyrics written by Der Graf

## Music video
### Alternative video

The alternative video was made of sun images made by Schiller fans from all over the world. It was released some days before the official music video was released.

### Official music video

The official music video for "Sonne" was produced by AVA Studios GmbH and was shot in 2012 in Spain by German director Oliver Sommer. Director of photography was Francisco Domínguez. Digital film compositor was Danny Winter. It has a length of 4:27 minutes. The video features an unknown Spanish woman and a Spanish man. Even though Christopher von Deylen took part in the video shot, he and Der Graf were placed virtually into the music video by being shown on television screens placed in the desert. The music video was shot in the desert of Tabernas (Almería, Spain) in the south of Spain.

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| Germany (Media Control AG) | 12 |
# Turbonilla interrupta

Turbonilla interrupta, common name the interrupted turbonille, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The shell grows to a length of 8 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:
* Caribbean Sea: Cuba, Venezuela
* Gulf of Mexico: Mexico
* Lesser Antilles
* Atlantic Ocean: Gulf of Maine, Gulf of St Lawrence (Canada), Azores, Argentina
* Puerto Rico
* United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
* Mediterranean Sea.
# Modern Order of Praetorians

The Modern Order of Praetorians, sometimes known as The Praetorians, was a fraternal organization founded in Dallas in 1898 or 1899 by Charles B. Gardner, who had formerly worked with the Home Forum and Woodmen of the World. Despite early setbacks the Order thrived and in the early built the Praetorian Building, the first skyscraper in Texas.
Membership was open to men and women, and the Order once had 36,752 benefit members. This was up from 32,800 members at the end of 1919 and approximately 36,000 at the end of 1920. In 1923 the Order was active in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Colorado, New Mexico and Washington. The administrative organ of the Order was the Supreme Senate at the Praetorian building in Dallas. Local branches were called "Councils", of which there were 599 in 1923. Local officers included a "Sublime Augustus", "Seignor Tribune", "Junior Tribune", "Worthy Attorney", "Worthy Recorder", First and Second "Centurion", "Lygian", "Soothsayer", "Sentinel", "Praetorian Queen", "Worthy Physician" and "Official Musician".
It became a life insurance company in 1957.