OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of urban debate leagues

This is a list of current urban debate leagues in the United States.

## National organizations

National organizations include:
* Associated Leaders of Urban Debate
* National Association for Urban Debate Leagues
* National Debate Project

## Urban debate leagues
### National Association for Urban Debate Leagues

* Atlanta
* Austin, Texas
* Baltimore
* Boston
* Chicago
* Dallas
* Denver
* Detroit
* Houston
* Kansas City, Kansas
* Los Angeles
* Miami
* Memphis, Tennessee
* Milwaukee
* Minneapolis
* Nashville, Tennessee
* New York City
* Portland, Oregon
* Rhode Island
* San Francisco Bay Area
* Silicon Valley
* Tulsa, Oklahoma
* Washington, D.C.

### Other

* IMPACT Coalition (New York City)
# List of top 25 albums for 2006 in Australia

These are the top 25 albums of 2006 in Australia from the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) End of Year Albums Chart.

## Top 25

| # | Title | Artist | Highest pos. reached | weeks at No. 1 |
| 1. | Back to Bedlam | James Blunt | 1 | 12 |
| 2. | I'm Not Dead | Pink | 1 | 2 |
| 3. | Reach Out: The Motown Record | Human Nature | 1 | 3 |
| 4. | Wolfmother | Wolfmother | 3 | |
| 5. | The Winner's Journey | Damien Leith | 1 | 5 |
| 6. | Here Come the Drums | Rogue Traders | 2 | |
| 7. | Black Fingernails, Red Wine | Eskimo Joe | 1 | 4 |
| 8. | Stadium Arcadium | Red Hot Chili Peppers | 1 | 3 |
| 9. | Boned! | The 12th Man | 1 | 1 |
| 10. | The Secret Life Of... | The Veronicas | 2 | |
| 11. | All the Right Reasons | Nickelback | 2 | |
| 12. | U218 Singles | U2 | 1 | 2 |
| 13. | Tea and Sympathy | Bernard Fanning | 1 | 1 |
| 14. | Dancing in the Street: The Songs of Motown II | Human Nature | 1 | 4 |
| 15. | Eyes Open | Snow Patrol | 1 | 5 |
| 16. | Best of Chris Isaak | Chris Isaak | 1 | 1 |
| 17. | PCD | The Pussycat Dolls | 8 | |
| 18. | See the Sun | Pete Murray | 1 | 3 |
| 19. | Monkey Business | The Black Eyed Peas | 1 | 3 |
| 20. | Taking the Long Way | Dixie Chicks | 2 | |
| 21. | Ancora | Il Divo | 1 | 3 |
| 22. | Lift | Shannon Noll | 1 | 1 |
| 23. | Rudebox | Robbie Williams | 1 | 1 |
| 24. | Curtain Call: The Hits | Eminem | 1 | 2 |
| 25. | Face to Face | Westlife | 1 | 3 |
# Algernon Township, Custer County, Nebraska

Algernon Township is one of thirty-one townships in Custer County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 332 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 320.
The Village of Mason City lies within the Township.
# Alien Project

Alien Project may refer to:
* Alien Project (musician), the stage name of Israeli trance music producer Ari Linker, active since 1994
* Alien Project, a short-lived project of Steve Perry formed in 1977
# Alien Pizza Planet

Alien Pizza Planet is a restaurant located in Tomorrowland at Disneyland in Anaheim, California in the United States. It is across from the Starcade, and directly underneath Space Mountain.

## History

The Atomic Age-style restaurant opened as Redd Rockett's Pizza Port on May 22, 1998, the same day as Astro Orbitor, Honey, I Shrunk the Audience, and Rocket Rods, replacing the Mission to Mars attraction. Redd Rockett's closed and re-opened as the Toy Story franchise's Alien Pizza Planet on April 13, 2018, for the temporary Pixar Fest, but has maintained that theming since.

## Design

The restaurant uses counter service and features an Italian cuisine. The counter service is divided into three parts, mainly the Pizza Station, the Pasta Station, and the Salad Station. Guests also have a choice to sit outdoors in front of the restaurant, indoor seating in front of the counters, outdoor seating located outside the back door of the restaurant, or even underneath the queue line of Space Mountain.

## Gallery

* Redd Rockett's Pizza Port signage
* Planetary Pizza Salad
# Subulitidae

Subulitidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Caenogastropoda.
# Sugar Creek

Sugar Creek or Sugarcreek may refer to:

## Communities in the United States

* Sugar Creek, Indiana, a town
* Sugar Creek, Missouri, a city
* Sugarcreek, Ohio, a village
* Sugarcreek, Pennsylvania, a borough
* Sugar Creek (Texas), a subdivision in Fort Bend County, Texas
* Sugar Creek, Wisconsin, a town
* Sugar Creek Township (disambiguation)

## Waterways
### United States
#### Georgia

* Sugar Creek (Toccoa River tributary)
* Sugar Creek (Ocmulgee River tributary)

#### Illinois

* Sugar Creek (Sangamon River tributary)

#### Indiana

* Sugar Creek (Wabash River tributary)
* Sugar Creek (Driftwood River tributary)

#### Minnesota

* Sugar Creek (Minnesota)

#### Missouri

* Sugar Creek (Grand River)
* Sugar Creek (Honey Creek)
* Sugar Creek (Missouri River)
* Sugar Creek (Perche Creek)
* Sugar Creek (Salt River)
* Sugar Creek (Mississippi River)
* Sugar Creek (Thompson River)
* Sugar Creek (Wyaconda River)

#### New York

* Sugar Creek (Keuka Lake)

#### North Carolina

* Sugar Creek (North Carolina)

#### Ohio

* Sugar Creek (Little Miami River tributary)
* Sugar Creek (Ottawa River tributary)
* Sugar Creek (Tuscarawas River tributary)

#### Oklahoma

* Sugar Creek (Caddo County, Oklahoma)

#### Pennsylvania

* Sugar Creek (Susquehanna River tributary)
* Sugar Creek (French Creek tributary)

#### Tennessee

* Sugar Creek (Duck River) tributary

#### West Virginia

* Sugar Creek (Middle Island Creek tributary)
* Sugar Creek (Laurel Creek tributary)

### Australia

* Sugar Creek (New South Wales), a tributary of the Wallingat River

## Other uses

* Sugar Creek (film), a 2007 supernatural western thriller
# Alice Gray Jones

Alice Gray Jones (née Jones; December 1852 – 17 April 1943), OBE was a Welsh writer and editor, known by the pseudonym Ceridwen Peris (referencing Saint Peris, the origin of placenames from her native region, such as Llanberis and Llyn Peris). She was an active temperance campaigner, and a co-founder of the North Wales Women's Temperance Union (Undeb Dirwestol Merched Gogledd Cymru).

## Early life and career

She was born to David and Ellen Jones in the village of Trefor, Gwynedd, near Llanberis, close to where her father's family owned a woollen mill. Her mother was a cousin of the prominent minister and writer John John Roberts, known as Iolo Caernarfon.
After being educated at Dolbadarn Primary School and at Swansea Training College, she worked as a schoolteacher, eventually becoming head of the school at Dolbadarn which she had attended as a child. In 1881, she married the Rev William (or Williams) Jones. They had 4 children.
His ministry was at Four Crosses, Pwllheli, Caernarfonshire, where she was involved in organising the local Temperance Union. In 1893, she became a governor of Pwllheli County School.

## Literary career

The earliest of her poems in print were published in 1874, and by 1880 she was recognised as a poet, journalist and contributor to many periodicals. As "Ceridwen Peris", Jones wrote regularly for Welsh-language periodicals, including Y Frythones (edited by Sarah Jane Rees, a.k.a. Cranogwen) and Y Traethodydd. She also wrote, spoke and campaigned on behalf of the women's temperance movement.
She became editor of the Welsh-language periodical Y Gymraes (The Welshwoman) from 1896, when the publication (founded in response to the Treason of the Blue Books) was revived.
In 1901, the magazine established worthwhile links with the trade union movement, that helped to increase its circulation. Sometime before 1917 she translated Alice Williams' play into Welsh and as a result Alice was made a bard at the 1917 Eisteddfod in Birkenhead.
She gave up the editorship of Y Gymraes in 1919, when her husband retired from the ministry and the couple relocated to Criccieth. In 1921, she was awarded the OBE.
She died, aged 90, at her daughter's home in Bangor, and her papers were donated to Bangor University.

## Works

* Caniadau Ceridwen Peris (1934)
# Summers (disambiguation)

Summers are one of the four seasons.
Summers may also refer to:

## People

* Summers (surname)

## Places

* Summers, Arkansas
* Summers, West Virginia, in Doddridge County
* Summers County, West Virginia

## Other

* Summers (owarai), a Japanese comedy duo
# Alison Mac

Alison Mac is a British actress from North East England. She has played Wilf (daughter of Jerome Flynn's character 'Tom McCabe') in the short lived BBC Wildlife Drama Series Badger from 1999 to 2000. She is probably best known for her portrayal of Kate in the BBC Three comedy series Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps, which she was in for one series in 2004. She was one of the main characters in the short-lived drama Rescue Me, which ran for one series in 2002.
Mac has also appeared as Rosanna Webb in one episode of BBC One drama Holby City and also in Hollyoaks as Barry "Newt" Newton's social worker on 11 January 2008.
In 2009, Mac worked at the BBC Studios in Newcastle upon Tyne giving guided tours of the building, including the Look North set, the BBC Newcastle suites and the offices.
# Sunday Observance Act 1625

The Sunday Observance Act 1625 (1 Cha. 1. c. 1) was an Act of the Parliament of England.
The Act banned participation in such activities as "bearbaiting, bullbaiting, Interludes, common Plays, and other unlawful exercises and pastimes" on Sundays. It was originally only to continue in force until the next session of Parliament.
The words of commencement, the words from "to the constables or churchwardens" to "shall be committed" and the words from "and in default of such distress" to "space of three hours" were repealed by section 1 of, and Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1948.
The words "the same to be employed and converted to the use of the poor of the parish where such offence shall be committed" were repealed by section 46(2) of, and Part III of Schedule 7 to, the Justices of the Peace Act 1949.
Section 3 of, and Schedule 3 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1958 provided that the Sunday Observance Act 1625 was to cease to have effect in so far as it entitled persons to plead the general issue in civil proceedings, and that accordingly the words from "and that if any man" to "evidence" were repealed.
The second proviso was repealed by section 87 of, and Schedule 5 to, the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Measure 1963 (No 1).
The whole Act, so far as unrepealed, was repealed by section 1 of, and Part IV of the Schedule to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969.
# Sun Bianbian

Sun Bianbian (born 27 July 1988) is a Chinese Para-cyclist. She represented China in the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

## Career

Sun represented China in the 2020 Summer Paralympics where she won the silver medal in the road time trial H4–5 and road race H5 events.
# Sun Belt Water

Sun Belt Water Inc. is an American water transportation company based in Santa Barbara, California.
Sun Belt Water is better known for filing a lawsuit against Canada for $10.5 billion US over access to BC Water.

## History

Sun Belt Water, Inc. was organized as a California C-corp in March 1990 for the purpose of responding to the invitation from the British Columbia government to invest in the new and emerging industry to export the BC surplus water by marine transport systems.
In October 1999, the company filed a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Chapter 11 Notice of Claim and Demand for Arbitration with the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) against the government of Canada for a dispute regarding access to water from the province of British Columbia. The issue of water exports has a high level of political sensitivity in Canada and public interest groups are opposed to the issue. In 1999, Sun Belt Water. Inc. abandoned its case in Canada's court system and filed an Arbitration claim against Canada under Chapter 11 of the NAFTA claiming access of fresh water from Canada or damages of $995 million.
Sun Belt Water, Inc. v. Government of Canada
Sun Belt Water, Inc., a United States company, served the Government of Canada with a 'Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration' in November 1998. No valid claim has been filed. There is no Chapter Eleven arbitration on this matter. (link below)
# Litigant in person

In England and Wales, a litigant in person is an individual, company or organisation that has rights of audience (this is, the right to address the court) and is not represented in a court of England and Wales by a solicitor or barrister. Instructing a barrister and not a solicitor, for example through the Public Access Scheme, however, does not prevent the party on whose behalf the barrister had been instructed from being a litigant in person.
It is possible nevertheless for litigants in England and Wales to obtain free legal advice and in some cases representation from the Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB).
The term litigant in person is also used in the similar (but separate) legal systems of Irish law and Northern Irish law.
The equivalent in Scotland is a party litigant and in the United States is pro se legal representation.

## Civil defendant

The defendants in the McLibel case (McDonald's Corporation v Steel & Morris, [1997] EWHC QB 366) represented themselves in person both at first instance and on appeal during a libel lawsuit which lasted nearly ten years.

## Criminal defendant

A special category of litigant in person arises when a defendant in a criminal case dismisses their defence counsel and chooses to defend the case themselves. This is almost invariably an inadvisable course of action, since the law and procedure can be complex and the penalties if convicted can be severe. Furthermore, in some jurisdictions the litigant in person is restricted from cross-examining the alleged victim in rape and other serious sexual offences. The underlying policy is that an alleged victim should not have to answer directly to an alleged rapist. The right of the individual to defend themselves is in conflict with the need to protect the alleged victim from any further humiliation. In the UK this conflict is resolved by the court appointing a special counsel at public expense to conduct cross-examination.
High-profile cases in Scotland where the accused conducted his own defence and lost were Peter Manuel (who was hanged) and Tommy Sheridan.

## Appellant in person

An appellant in person is someone who by their own choice, or because their former counsel is criticised and has withdrawn, is conducting their own appeal at a Crown Court or at the Court of Appeal Criminal Division. The number of appellants who choose to do this is exceptionally small, mainly due to the inherent risks involved, appellants who serve a custodial sentence can have part of that sentence ordered to be served again if the court is of the view that the application is without merit. They must also understand highly complex court procedures, prepare detailed legal paperwork and orally argue a full legal appeal case in front of three High Court judges and a full court.

## Representing companies

In Battle v Irish Art Promotion Centre Ltd, the Supreme Court of Ireland ruled that a company cannot be represented by a corporate officer in lieu of a barrister or solicitor. The "Battle rule" has been slightly relaxed by later decisions.
# Alice Ramsey

Alice Ramsey or Ramsay may refer to:
* Alicia Ramsey (1864–1933), British writer often known as Alice Ramsey
* Alice Huyler Ramsey (1886–1983), first woman to drive an automobile across America
* Alice Ramsay, musician on the album Tow Truck
# Alice Randall Marsh

Alice Randall Marsh (1869-1929) was an American miniature painter and wife of fellow artist Frederick Dana Marsh (1872–1961).

## Biography

Marsh née Randall was born in 1869 in Coldwater, Michigan. She attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. She also traveled to Paris, France, where she studied under Raphaël Collin, Frederick William MacMonnies, Luc-Olivier Merson, and James McNeill Whistler.
In 1895, while in Paris, she married Frederick Dana Marsh with whom she had three children. The couple met in Chicago, where they both attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and exhibited work at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. Alice exhibited her work in the Illinois Building.
Marsh exhibited her paintings at the Paris Salon in 1895. The same year she exhibited at the Art Institute of Chicago
After many years abroad the couple returned to the United States in 1900. They lived at the Enclosure, an art colony in Nutley, New Jersey. The family relocated to New Rochelle, New York, in 1914. Their son Reginald Marsh (1898–1954) became a painter. Their son James Randall Marsh (1896-1965) became a designer and metal worker.
Marsh died on October 24, 1929, while on vacation in Italy.
# Vaucourt

Vaucourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
# Salomy Jane

Salomy Jane may refer to:
* "Salomy Jane's Kiss", an 1889 western short story by Bret Harte, included in Stories of Light and Shadow (1898)
* Salomy Jane (play), a 1907 stage adaptation by Paul Armstrong
* "Salomy Jane", a 1910 western novel by Bret Harte
* Salomy Jane (1914 film), a 1914 silent film adaptation starring Beatriz Michelena and House Peters
* Salomy Jane (1923 film), a 1923 silent film adaptation from Paramount Pictures starring Jacqueline Logan
* Wild Girl (film), a 1932 pre-Code film adaptation of Salomy Jane's Kiss from Fox Film starring Joan Bennett
# Natica turtoni

Natica turtoni is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.
# Santa Maria di Correano, Ausonia

Santa Maria di Correano is a Romanesque style, Roman Catholic church in the town of Ausonia, province of Frosinone, region of Lazio, Italy.

## History

The church was erected at the site of a former ancient Roman villa, located outside of the town, on the slopes of Monte Fammera. The structure includes spolia from the site. The interiors house a medieval frescoes of San Nicola, the Madonna and Child, and Christ calming the Storm.
# Mishka

"Mishka" is a diminutive form of the name "Mikhail (disambiguation)".
It also means "gift of love" in Hindi, "niche for light" in Arabic, and "gift of god" in Hebrew.
Mishka may also refer to:
* Mishka (musician), a Bermudian reggae musician
* Mishka NYC, a clothing company and record label
* Misha, a mascot for the 1980 Olympics, also known as Mishka
* Mishka Island, a small island in Bulgaria located within the Danube river

## People with the given name "Mishka"

* Mishka Henner (born 1976), Belgian-British artist
* Mishka Yaponchik (1891-1919), Jewish-Russian-Ukrainian gangster, revolutionary and military leader
* Mishka Schneiderova, a character on the Australian soap opera Neighbours
# Furukawa (surname)

Furukawa (written: 古川 or 古河, lit."old river") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Airi Furukawa (古川 愛李, born 1989), illustrator and former member of the Japanese idol girl group SKE48. She is a former member and leader of SKE48's Team KII
* Furukawa Ichibei (古河 市兵衛, 1832–1903), Japanese industrialist and copper mine magnate
* Keiko Furukawa (古川 圭子, born 1967), announcer for Mainichi Broadcasting System
* Kiichirō Furukawa (古川 麒一郎, 1929–2016), Japanese astronomer
* Lisa Furukawa (born 1976), Japanese-American pianist, singer and songwriter (formerly known as Lisa Furukawa Ray)
* Makoto Furukawa (古川 慎, born 1989), Japanese voice actor affiliated with Space Craft Group. His most notable role is in the anime One-Punch Man, as the main character, Saitama and Golden Time, as Banri Tada
* Makoto Furukawa (writer) (古川 真人, born 1988), Japanese writer
* Miki Furukawa (古川 美季, born 1979), Japanese musician, and former bass guitarist and singer for the Japanese rock band Supercar
* Motohisa Furukawa (古川 元久, born 1965), Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature)
* Narutoshi Furukawa (古川 成俊, 1900–1996), renowned Japanese photographer
* Roppa Furukawa (古川 ロッパ, 1903–1961), Japanese comedian
* Satoshi Furukawa (古川 聡, born 1964), JAXA astronaut
* Shuntaro Furukawa (古川 俊太郎, born 1972), Japanese businessman
* Takaharu Furukawa (古川 高晴, born 1984), Japanese archer
* Takashi Furukawa (古川 隆志, born 1981), former Japanese football player
* Takatoshi Furukawa (古川 孝敏, born 1987), Japanese professional basketball player who currently plays for Link Tochigi Brex in the National Basketball League (Japan)
* Takeshi Furukawa, Japanese-American composer, orchestrater and conductor. His works have spanned the concert stage, films, television, video games and advertising campaigns
* Takumi Furukawa (古川 卓己, 1917–2018), Japanese film director
* Tashiro Furukawa (古河 太四郎, 1845–1907), Japanese educator
* Toshiharu Furukawa (古川 俊治, born 1963), Japanese medical doctor, attorney, and politician
* Tomo Furukawa (古川 とも), vocalist for Guniw Tools
* Toshio Furukawa (古川 登志夫, born 1946), Japanese voice actor
* Tsuyoshi Furukawa (古川 毅, born 1972), former Japanese football player* Furukawa Hompo
* Tsuyoshi Furukawa (古川 毅, born 2000), Japanese singer and actor, member of boy group Super★Dragon
* Yasushi Furukawa (disambiguation), multiple people
* Yoshihisa Furukawa (古川 禎久, born 1965), Japanese politician
* Yuki Furukawa (古川 雄輝, born 1987), Japanese actor
* Yūta Furukawa (古川 雄大, born 1987), Japanese actor, singer, songwriter and model

## Fictional characters

* Nagisa Furukawa, main character in the visual novel Clannad
# Nabeya Bi-tech Kaisha

Nabeya Bi-tech Kaisha (鍋屋バイテック, Nabeya Bitekku), also known as NBK, is a machine component parts manufacturer located in Seki, Gifu, Japan. The company's roots date to 1560, when it began as a metal foundry casting pots, tea kettles and temple bells.

## History

NBK’s history dates to 1560, when Taro-Uemon-i Okamoto founded the company. In 1749, the Okamotos received from the Imperial Court a license as a caster. They presented the Kyoto Imperial Palace with a lantern and were given the trade name “Nabeya”, that means "Pan(Pot) shop or artisan". The Okamotos produced many temple bells in Japan. The main branch of the Okamotos runs Nabeya Co., Ltd. while other branches use “Nabeya” as part of the name of the company which they run. "Bi-tech" stands for "Newest and Traditional 2-technologies", and "Kaisha" means "Company or Corporation".
The company in its current form was incorporated by Tomokichi Okamoto in 1940.

## Head office and factory

NBK's head office and main factory, NBK Seki Plant, are located in Seki city, Gifu prefecture. The former President, Taichi Okamoto, wanted the site to be a “garden factory” so it is surrounded by a swimming pool, art museum, bar, sports gym, concert hall and training and conference rooms.
Okamoto believed that management concepts such as management by objectives and pay for performance were contrary to the maximization of creativity and productivity, therefore all employees are not bound by any revenue goals and are allowed to act freely.
In 2007, Okamoto resigned his position as President and became the Chairman of NBK. Mitsuo Kaneda was appointed as his successor. Kaneda is the first ever non-Okamoto family member that has been appointed President since the company was established in 1560.
# T.O.D.A.S.: Television's Outrageously Delightful All-Star Show

T.O.D.A.S.: Television's Outrageously Delightful All-Star Show is a Philippine television sketch comedy show broadcast by IBC. Directed by Bert de Leon, it stars Marlene Feliciano, Maribeth Bichara, Frieda Fonda, Spanky Rigor, Richie D'Horsie, Jimmy Santos, Val Sotto, Joey de Leon and Redford White. It aired from 1980 to 1989. It was the Philippines' most popular comedy show throughout its run.

## Cast

* Marlene Feliciano (1980–1985)
* Maribeth Bichara (1980–1989)
* Frieda Fonda (1980–1989)
* Spanky Rigor (1980–1989)
* Richie D'Horsie (1980–1986)
* Jimmy Santos (1987–1989)
* Val Sotto (1980–1989)
* Joey de Leon (1980–1988)
* Redford White (1980–1984)
* Yayo Aguila (1985–1986)

## Revival

A revival and spiritual successor of the show, T.O.D.A.S. Again, aired on IBC in 1993.

## Re-runs

Reruns of the series was aired on IBC from February 11 to July 19, 2019.
Some episodes of the series were shown on IBC's archival program Retro TV (hosted by Drew Arellano), aired from November 17, 2003 to February 20, 2004.