OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Modified due-date scheduling heuristic

The modified due-date (MDD) scheduling heuristic is a greedy heuristic used to solve the single-machine total weighted tardiness problem (SMTWTP).

## Presentation

The modified due date scheduling is a scheduling heuristic created in 1982 by Baker and Bertrand, used to solve the NP-hard single machine total-weighted tardiness problem. This problem is centered around reducing the global tardiness of a list of tasks which are characterized by their processing time, due date and weight by re-ordering them.

## Algorithm
### Principle

This heuristic works the same way as other greedy algorithms. At each iteration, it finds the next job to schedule and add it to the list. This operation is repeated until no jobs are left unscheduled. MDD is similar to the earliest due date (EDD) heuristic except that MDD takes into account the partial sequence of job that have been already constructed, whereas EDD only looks at the jobs' due dates.

### Implementation

Here is an implementation of the MDD algorithm in pseudo-code. It takes in an unsorted list of tasks and return the list sorted by increasing modified due date:

## Practical example

In this example we will schedule flight departures. Each flight is characterized by:
* a due date: The time after which the plane is expected to have taken off
* a processing time: The amount of time the plane takes to take off
* a weight: An arbitrary value to specify the priority of the flight.
We need to find an order for the flight to take off that will result in the smallest total weighted tardiness. For this example we will use the following values:
Flight scheduling :
| N° | Due date | Processing time | Weight |
| 1 | 12 | 8 | 2 |
| 2 | 18 | 9 | 5 |
| 3 | 10 | 5 | 2 |
| 4 | 14 | 6 | 8 |
In the default order, the total weighted tardiness is 136.
The first step is to compute the modified due date for each flight. Since the current time is 0 and, in our example, we don’t have any flight whose due date is smaller than its processing time, the mdd of each flight is equal to its due date:
| N° | Modified due date |
| 1 | 12 |
| 2 | 18 |
| 3 | 10 |
| 4 | 14 |
The flight with the smallest MDD (Flight n° 3) is then processed, and the new modified due date is computed. The current time is now 5.
| N° | Due date | Processing time | Modified due date |
| 3 | 10 | 5 | N/A |
| 1 | 12 | 8 | 13 |
| 2 | 18 | 9 | 18 |
| 4 | 14 | 6 | 14 |
The operation is repeated until no more flights are left unscheduled. We obtain the following results:
Flight scheduling :
| N° | Due date | Processing time |
| 3 | 10 | 5 |
| 1 | 12 | 8 |
| 4 | 14 | 6 |
| 2 | 18 | 9 |
In this order, the total weighted tardiness is 92.
This example can be generalized to schedule any list of job characterized by a due date and a processing time.

## Performance

Applying this heuristic will result in a sorted list of tasks which tardiness cannot be reduced by adjacent pair-wise interchange. MDD’s complexity is $O(n)$.

## Variations

There is a version of MDD called weighted modified due date (WMDD) which takes into account the weights. In such a case, the evaluation function is replaced by:
# Tricholoma dermolomoides

Tricholoma dermolomoides is an agaric fungus of the genus Tricholoma. Found in Peninsular Malaysia, growing on the soil around of an old termite mound, it was described as new to science in 1994 by English mycologist E.J.H. Corner.
# Trichia varia

Trichia varia is a type of slime mold in the order Trichiida, first described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1794. Its sporangium measures 0.6 to 0.9 millimeters, and its stalk 0.1 to 0.5 millimeters. It is a pale orange color, distinguished by other members of its genus by having two spiral bands on its elaters. It is distributed throughout various parts of the world.
# Mohamed Hassanaly

Mohamed Hassanaly sometimes written as Mohamed Hassan Ali (1941 — 2 January 2021) was a politician of the Comorian island of Mohéli. He serves as the first Vice-President of the Comoros from January 1976. For the 2002 presidency of Mohéli, he lost from his rival Mohamed Said Fazul. After his death he was described as a main national political figure and an iconic leader.

## Biography

Hassanaly was born in 1941 in Fomboni, Mohéli. He was the oldest of 11 children. After primary school in Fomboni, he attended the Moroni College, high school in Madagascar and studied economics and commerce in Antananarivo.
As being a patriot, he campaigned for independence and national unity. In 1972, as a deputy, he voted for the resolution calling for independence but was the only one to vote against the election of Ahmed Abdallah. He was a member of political party UDJAMAA. He took part in Paris in the negotiations and the signing of the agreements of 15 June 1973, the beginning of the process towards independence. After independence in 1975, he was elected by the National Council of the Revolution, as Vice-President of Ali Soilihi in January 1976. He so became the first Vice-President of the State of the Comoros. In 1991 he was co-founder of “Front Populaires de Comores” (FPC) and became its president. In 1994, the FPC took part in the creation of the Forum for National Recovery bringing together the main opposition parties.
In the second round of the elections for the presidency of Mohéli on 7 April 2002, he lost from his rival Mohamed Said Fazul with 44% of the vote against 56%, while he had received more votes in the first round.
On 6 July 2005 he received from president Azali Assoumani the rank of Grand Chancellor of the Order of the Green Crescent, the highest distinction of the Comores.
Hassanaly died on 2 January 2021 at the age of 79. He had six children and several grandchildren.
# Trichonius fasciatus

Trichonius fasciatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1864.
# Trichonius atlanticus

Trichonius atlanticus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monne and Mermudes in 2008.
# Trichodezia haberhaueri

Trichodezia haberhaueri is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Russia (the Russian plain and the Caucasus), Georgia and Turkey.
# Treat Me Like a Lady

Treat Me Like a Lady may refer to:
* "Treat Me Like a Lady" (Five Star song) 1990
* "Treat Me Like a Lady" (Zoe Birkett song) 2003
* "Treat Me Like a Lady", song written by Bob Crewe, single from California Nights (Lesley Gore album) 1966, covered by The Tages
* "Treat Me Like a Lady", by P.P. Arnold The First Cut – The Immediate Anthology
* "Treat Me Like A Lady", single sung and written by Sherry Bryce 1974
* "Treat Me Like a Lady", single by Maxine Brown (soul singer), written by Tony Camillo 1972
* "Treat Me Like a Lady", by Romeo's Daughter Delectable (album)
* "Treat Me Like a Lady", by Anneke van Giersbergen Drive (Anneke van Giersbergen album)
* "Treat Me Like a Lady", by Eternal Eternal (Eternal album)
# Trimethylsilyl iodide

Trimethylsilyl iodide (iodotrimethylsilane or TMSI) is an organosilicon compound with the chemical formula (CH$_3$)$_3$SiI. It is a colorless, volatile liquid at room temperature.

## Preparation

Trimethylsilyl iodide may be prepared by the oxidative cleavage of hexamethyldisilane by iodine or by the cleavage of hexamethyldisiloxane with aluminium triiodide.
    TMS-TMS + I$_2$ → 2 TMSI (TMS = (CH$_3$)$_3$Si)
    3 TMS-O-TMS + 2 AlI$_3$ → 6 TMSI + Al$_2$O$_3$

## Applications

Trimethylsilyl iodide is used to introduce the trimethylsilyl group onto alcohols (ROH):
    R-OH + TMSI → R-OTMS + HI
This type of reaction may be useful for gas chromatography analysis; the resultant silyl ether is more volatile than the underivatized original materials. However, for the preparation of bulk trimethylsilylated material, trimethylsilyl chloride may be preferred due to its lower cost.
TMSI reacts with alkyl ethers (ROR′), forming silyl ethers (ROSiMe$_3$) and iodoalkanes (RI) that can be hydrolyzed to alcohols (ROH).
Trimethylsilyl iodide is also used for the removing of the Boc protecting group, especially where other deprotection methods are too harsh for the substrate.
# Trimma panemorfum

Trimma panemorfum is a species of goby from the deep reefs around 91.4 meters (300 ft) at the Uchelbeluu Reef in Palau in the western Pacific Ocean.
# Mohamed Khalifa

Mohamed Khalifa may refer to:
* Mohamed Abdel Aziz Khalifa (born 1925), Egyptian swimmer
* Mohamed Asswai Khalifa (born 1944), Libyan hurdler
* Mohamed Khalifa (footballer) (born 1986), Egyptian footballer
* Mohamed Khalifa (athlete) (born 1996), Egyptian shot putter
* Mohamed Ould Khalifa (born 1968), Mauritanian long-distance runner
* Mohammed Jamal Khalifa (1957–2007), Saudi businessman
# Tripontium (disambiguation)

Tripontium is a Roman town in Warwickshire and Leicestershire, England.
Tripontium (meaning in Latin: "Three Bridges") may also refer to:
* Tripontium (Melrose), Scottish Borders
* Tripontium, Lazio, near Forum Appii, Lazio, Italy
* Triponzo in Umbria
# Triponzo

Triponzo is a frazione of the comune of Cerreto di Spoleto in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 420 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 45 inhabitants.
The name of the town must surely derive from Latin *Tripontium, meaning "three bridges", presumably one over each branch of the rivers; but no Roman bridge has survived. It is famous among epigraphers for a Roman inscription (CIL IX.4541 = ILLRP 1275a), carved in the live rock on the outer face of the modern SS 209 road tunnel a few hundred metres W of the town, which records the building of the Roman road from Spoletium to Nursia by order of the Roman Senate.
Triponzo is also notable for at least one medieval church, S. Caterina, and sulphureous springs, about 1.5 km (1 mi) NE of town, the water of which is considered to have therapeutic properties: a combination spa and hydroelectric facility have been under construction here since the late 20th century.
The famous Valnerina (Valley of the Nera River) in Umbria was characterized by more than 50 medieval fortifications with watchtowers. Over the years, most of the towers were lost due to war and seismic events. The tower of Triponzo was the largest of these lying at the crux of two important valleys. Built in the 1300s it was badly damaged during the earthquake of September 1997. Given that it was one of the few remaining structures, the authorities expressed the desire to see it rebuilt in part to cancel traumatic events from memory however rebuilding the tower would have required its total demolition and removing the fallen parts would have meant an unacceptable risk for the workers. With the help of modern building technology, a new project was created by Architects Martin Stubenrauch, Moreno Orazi and Engineer Fabrizio Menghini. The fallen tower parts were stabilized, the facade preserved and a monumental modern steel spine was added to uphold and re-identify the monument in modern terms. Today the tower leaps into view upon approaching the town by roadway. The tower is unique in its bold approach to historic reconstruction.
* Images of Triponzo
* Borgo Triponzo and the road to Cerreto di Spoleto
* The castle ruin
* The church Santa Caterina
* The church Madonna delle Grazie
# Triacanthagyna septima

Triacanthagyna septima, the pale green darner, is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It is found in southern Texas.

## Description

Triacanthagyna septima is a relatively small darner growing to a total length of 59 to 66 mm (2.3 to 2.6 in) with a wingspan of 68 to 86 mm (2.7 to 3.4 in). The head of the male is olive and the eyes bluish-green. The thorax is pale green with a brownish wash on the front and the legs are pale. The abdomen is mostly brown, segments 1 and 2 having greenish sides and a slender greenish dorsal stripe. The female is very similar in coloration to the male but has greenish-brown eyes and has three long, slender cerci (appendages) on the last segment. These may break off in mature individuals which then closely resemble males.
# Tristram Wyatt

Tristram Dick Wyatt (16 December 1956) is a British evolutionary biologist and author. He is a senior research fellow in the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford and an emeritus fellow of Kellogg College, Oxford. Wyatt researches pheromones and animal behavior.

## Education

Wyatt completed a PhD in animal behaviour at University of Cambridge. His 1983 dissertation was titled The ecology of parental care in the saltmarsh beetle Bledius spectabilis.

## Academic career

Wyatt was a lecturer at University of Leeds and conducted research fellowships at University of California, Berkeley and Cardiff University. He joined the Oxford University Department for Continuing Education in 1989 as a university lecturer of biological sciences. From 2000 to 2005, Wyatt was University of Oxford's director of distance and online learning. In 2015, he gave a TEDx talk entitled The smelly mystery of the human pheromone. Wyatt is a senior research fellow in the Department of Biology, University of Oxford and an emeritus fellow of Kellogg College, Oxford. He is a visiting lecturer at University College London.
Wyatt researches the evolution of pheromones and animal behaviour.

## Personal life

Wyatt is gay and married to a photographer and artist. He founded the Oxford Area Academic LGBT Staff Network. In 2009, Wyatt co-founded University of Oxford's official LGBT+ Staff Network which started the annual Oxford University LGBT history-month lecture. In 2013, he supported the LGBT Staff Network i600 at Imperial College London. Wyatt has spoken at the UK LGBT STEMinar, Oxford Pride, and the Royal Society during Pride in London.

## Awards and honours

In 2014, Wyatt's book, Pheromones and Animal Behaviour, won the Royal Society of Biology's best postgraduate textbook prize.

## Selected works
### Books

* Wyatt, Tristram D. (2003). Pheromones and Animal Behavior: Communication by Smell and Taste. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521485265.
* Wyatt, Tristram D. (2014). Pheromones and Animal Behavior: Chemical Signals and Signatures. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521112901.
* Wyatt, Tristram D. (2017). Animal Behavior: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198712152.
# Molecular Frontiers Foundation

The Molecular Frontiers Foundation (MFF) was founded under the auspices of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2007 by Bengt Nordén, a professor of physical chemistry at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden and the former chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry. Part of the mission of MFF according to Nordén is to counter the "increasingly bad image that chemistry has in society" and the "decreasing interest in science by the young generation". Founding members of Molecular Frontiers Foundation include Magdalena Eriksson, Lorie Karnath,(founder Molecular Frontiers Journal), Shuguang Zhang (MIT).
The MFF counts eleven Nobel Laureates amongst its 29-member Scientific Advisory Board.
It holds a number of international symposia around the world. May 23, 24, 2017 Stockholm, Sweden Title: Tailored Biology: Fundamental and Medicinal Insights co-chairs Bengt Nordén and Lorie Karnath May 9, 10, 2019 Stockholm, Sweden Title: Planet Earth; A Scientific Journey co-chairs Bengt Nordén and Lorie Karnath. March 6,7, 2023 Berkeley, CA, Title: On the Nature of Water co-chairs Omar Yaghi, Lorie Karnath, Bengt Norden, Douglas Clark, Peidong Yang
Through its science-discussion website "MoleClues", the foundation awards the yearly "Molecular Frontiers Inquiry Prize" also known as the "kid Nobel" to equal numbers of girls and boys from around the world for asking the most penetrating scientific question. The entries are collected online and judged by the MFF Scientific Advisory Board during the annual Spring MFF Youth Forum in the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden.
In April 2023, Lorie Karnath was elected as president of the organization by the Molecular Frontiers Foundation board. The term is for a three year period.
# Moladah

Moladah was a biblical town of Simeon in the Negeb near Beersheba.

## Biblical importance

Moladah has several mentions in the bible: Joshua 15:26, Joshua 19:2, 1 Chronicles 4:28 and Nehemiah 11:26. In Joshua, it is just allotting land for the Tribes of Israel. In 1 Chronicles, it is in a list of places of the descendants of Simeon. In Nehemiah, it is shown as being occupied by the returning Judahite exiles. It was later turned into an Idumean fortress.

## Current location

There have been, and are, many debates concerning the current location of Moladah. Tell el-Milḥ, southeast of Beersheba, has been regularly identified with Moladah, but this mound is now thought more likely Canaanite Arad. The more likely location is Khereibet el-Waṭen, east of Beersheba, which is possibly the Arab equivalent of the Hebrew name.
# Sansan

Sansan may refer to:
* Sansan, Gers, commune in the Gers department, France
* Sansan, Iran, village in Zanjan Province, Iran
* SanSan, metropolitan area in California
* Sansan (Go), position in the board game of Go
# Trochaclis antarctica

Trochaclis antarctica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochaclididae.

## Description

Trochaclis antarctica is a species of snails in the family Trochaclididae. They are native to Antarctica. They have sexual reproduction. The length of the shell varies between 2 mm and 5 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in Antarctic waters off the South Sandwich Islands, the South Shetlands, the Antarctic Peninsula, the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea.
# Santo Antônio de Pádua

Santo Antônio de Pádua (Portuguese pronunciation:, Saint Anthony of Padua) is a municipality located in the northeastern part of the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 42,594 (2020) and its area is 612 km$^2$.

## Districts

* Santo Antônio de Pádua (seat)
* Baltazar
* Campelo
* Ibitiguaçu
* Marangatu
* Monte Alegre
* Paraoquena
* Santa Cruz

## Neighboring municipalities

* Miracema
* São José de Ubá
* Cambuci
* Aperibé
* Itaocara
* Pirapetinga (MG)

## Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Santo Antônio de Pádua features eight stars representing eight of its districts on a navy blue field of the shield with a tree on the right and a fountain in the middle. The municipality's name is centered in the shield and it runs diagonally from bottom left to top right. The shield is bordered with four orange rectangles on each side. The crown is on the top of the coat of arms.

## Climate

Climate data for Santo Antônio de Pádua (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.6 (92.5) | 34.2 (93.6) | 33.1 (91.6) | 31.5 (88.7) | 28.6 (83.5) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.6 (81.7) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.7 (85.5) | 30.8 (87.4) | 31.0 (87.8) | 32.4 (90.3) | 30.8 (87.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.2 (79.2) | 24.2 (75.6) | 21.3 (70.3) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.6 (67.3) | 21.0 (69.8) | 22.7 (72.9) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.9 (78.6) | 23.6 (74.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 20.0 (68.0) | 16.8 (62.2) | 14.7 (58.5) | 14.4 (57.9) | 15.2 (59.4) | 17.4 (63.3) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.3 (68.5) | 21.5 (70.7) | 18.8 (65.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 222.8 (8.77) | 113.2 (4.46) | 118.4 (4.66) | 65.9 (2.59) | 26.6 (1.05) | 18.2 (0.72) | 18.2 (0.72) | 25.0 (0.98) | 65.8 (2.59) | 109.4 (4.31) | 187.7 (7.39) | 267.6 (10.54) | 1,238.8 (48.77) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 13 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 15 | 91 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75.4 | 74.2 | 76.7 | 78.6 | 79.3 | 80.7 | 78.1 | 72.3 | 70.9 | 71.9 | 76.4 | 77.4 | 76.0 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia ||||||||||||||
# Santic–Wibatech

Santic–Wibatech is a German UCI Continental team founded in 2012. It participates in UCI Continental Circuits races. The team was formerly registered in Poland.

## Team roster

    As of 6 December 2022.
| | Rider | Date of birth |
| Stefan Brandlmeier (GER) | Stefan Brandlmeier (GER) | (1993-01-07) 7 January 1993 (age 31) |
| Patrick Haller (GER) | Patrick Haller (GER) | (1997-07-09) 9 July 1997 (age 27) |
| Piotr Pekala (POL) | Piotr Pekala (POL) | (1998-08-04) 4 August 1998 (age 26) |
| Michael Peter (GER) | Michael Peter (GER) | (2001-11-15) 15 November 2001 (age 22) |
| Bartlomiej Proc (POL) | Bartlomiej Proc (POL) | (1999-12-12) 12 December 1999 (age 24) |
| Bartosz Rudyk (POL) | Bartosz Rudyk (POL) | (1998-09-18) 18 September 1998 (age 26) |
| | Rider | Date of birth |
| Fabian Schormair (GER) | Fabian Schormair (GER) | (1994-10-23) 23 October 1994 (age 29) |
| Jonas Sonnleitner (GER) | Jonas Sonnleitner (GER) | (1997-08-27) 27 August 1997 (age 27) |
| Ludwig Stadler (GER) | Ludwig Stadler (GER) | (2001-09-05) 5 September 2001 (age 23) |
| Paweł Szóstka (POL) | Paweł Szóstka (POL) | (1998-07-09) 9 July 1998 (age 26) |
| Tim Wollenberg (GER) | Tim Wollenberg (GER) | (2000-02-17) 17 February 2000 (age 24) |

## Major wins
### 2013

    Stage 4 Carpathian Couriers Race U23, Paweł Franczak

### 2015

    Stage 4 Szlakiem Grodòw Piastowskich, Sylwester Janiszewski

### 2016

    Visegrad 4 Bicycle Race, Marek Rutkiewicz
    Stage 1 Tour of Małopolska, Dariusz Batek

### 2018

    Visegrad 4 Bicycle Race–GP Slovakia, Maciej Paterski
    Visegrad 4 Bicycle Race–GP Poland, Maciej Paterski
    Overall Tour of Estonia, Grzegorz Stępniak
    Stage 1 Tour of Małopolska, Maciej Paterski
    Overall Course Cycliste de Solidarnosc et des Champions Olympiques, Sylwester Janiszewski
       1st Stages 1 & 5, Sylwester Janiszewski
    Puchar Uzdrowisk Karpackich, Maciej Paterski
    Minsk Cup, Maciej Paterski
    Grand Prix Judendorf-Straßengel, Maciej Paterski

### 2019

    Stage 3 Circuit des Ardennes International, Maciej Paterski
    Prologue Carpathian Couriers Race, Marceli Bogusławski
    Stages 2 & 3 CCC Tour – Grody Piastowskie, Maciej Paterski
    Overall Wyscig Mjr. Hubala – Sante Tour, Maciej Paterski
       Stage 1 & 2b, Grzegorz Stępniak
       Stage 3, Maciej Paterski
    Stage 1 Tour of Małopolska, Anatoliy Budyak

### 2020

    Prologue Tour Bitwa Warszawska 1920, Marceli Bogusławski

## National Champions
### 2018

    Poland Hill Climb, Maciej Paterski
# Trokyap

Trokyap (Tibetan: ཁྲོ་སྐྱབས།, Wylie: khro skyabs, Chinese: 绰斯甲土司) or Chuosi was a Gyalrong Tibetan kingdom located in today's southern Zamthang County and north of Jinchuan County of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in western Sichuan Province of China. It was one of the 18 Gyalrong kingdoms. In 1700, it submitted to the Qing rule and its leader received the title "Pacification Commissioner" (Anfusi, 安抚司). It regained autonomy after the Xinhai Revolution in 1912. In the late 1930s, the nationalist Kuomintang government placed it under Xikang jurisdiction. The kingdom was abolished by the Chinese Government in 1952.