# Timeline of the Chagatai Khanate

This is a timeline of the Chagatai Khanate (1226–1348) and its successor states, Moghulistan (1347–1462), Yarkent Khanate (1514–1696), and the Turpan Khanate (1462–1680).

## 12th century
### 1180s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1183 | 22 December | Chagatai is born |

## 13th century
### 1200s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1208 | | Qocho, Qayaligh, and Almaliq submit to Genghis Khan; Almaliq and the Issyk-Kul region given to Chagatai |

### 1210s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1211 | | Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: Jochi, Ögedei, and Chagatai invade Inner Mongolia |
| 1213 | autumn | Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: Jochi, Ögedei, and Chagatai ravage Hebei and Shanxi |
| 1219 | fall | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana |
| 1219 | | Chagatai oversees the road construction for the Mongol Empire |

### 1220s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1220 | | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Bukhara and Samarkand (given to Chagatai along with Jimsar County) and Muhammad II of Khwarezm flees to Nishapur; Genghis Khan dispatches Jebe and Subutai to destroy the sultan |
| 1221 | April | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei destroy Urgench while Tolui takes Nishapur and Herat |
| 1221 | | Siege of Bamyan (1221): Genghis Khan takes Bamyan; Chagatai's son Mutukan dies in the process |
| 1227 | | Mongol conquest of Western Xia: Chagatai takes Taiyuan and gains the advisors Vajir the Uyghur and Qutb-ud-Din Habash 'Amid |
| 1229 | | Chagatai supports Ögedei's enthronement and is granted Transoxiana |

### 1240s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1242 | 1 July | Chagatai Khan dies and his grandson Qara Hülegü succeeds him |
| 1246 | | Güyük Khan appoints Yesü Möngke as head of the Chagatai Khanate |

### 1250s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1251 | | Möngke Khan appoints Qara Hülegü as head of the Chagatai Khanate, who dies soon after, and his wife Orghana becomes regent for her young son Mubarak Shah |

### 1260s

| Year | Event |
| 1260 | Toluid Civil War: Alghu, a grandson of Chagatai Khan, deposes Mubarak Shah, an appointee to the Chagatai Khanate of the Mongol Empire, and sets up court in Kashgar while attacking Otrar and Afghanistan |
| 1262 | Toluid Civil War: Alghu betrays Ariq Böke and allies with Kublai Khan |
| 1266 | Alghu dies and is succeeded by Mubarak Shah, who is deposed by Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq |
| 1269 | Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq is defeated by the Golden Horde and loses a third of Transoxiana |

### 1270s

| Year | Event |
| 1270 | Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq of the Chagatai Khanate invades the Ilkhanate but suffers defeat at the battle of Qara-Su near Herat |
| 1271 | Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq dies and Kaidu takes control of the Chagatai Khanate, installing Negübei as puppet khan |
| 1275 | Chagatai Khanate gains Ghazni |
| 1276 | Chagatai Khanate secures control of Almaliq |

### 1280s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1282 | | Kaidu enthrones Duwa as khan of the Chagatai Khanate |
| 1286 | | Chagatai Khanate secures control of the Tarim Basin |

### 1290s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1291 | | Chagatai Khanate raids Ilkhanate |
| 1292 | | Chagatai Khanate raids India |
| 1295 | | Chagatai Khanate secures control of Turpan and Hami |
| 1298 | winter | Kaidu–Kublai war: Duwa of the Chagatai Khanate defeats Yuan forces in Mongolia and captures Temür Khan's son in law, Körgüz |

## 14th century
### 1300s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1301 | September | Kaidu–Kublai war: Duwa and Kaidu suffer injuries in battle with Yuan forces east of the Altai Mountains and Kaidu dies soon after |
| 1304 | | Temür Khan, Chapar Khan of the House of Ögedei, and Duwa of the Chagatai Khanate send envoys to the Ilkhanate to establish peace and restore unity among Mongols; Chagatai Khanate becomes a Yuan tributary |
| 1306 | | Temür Khan sends Külüg Khan to aid Duwa in his war against Chapar Khan |
| 1307 | | Chapar Khan is defeated and Duwa installs his brother Yangichar as puppet |
| 1307 | | Duwa dies and his son Könchek succeeds him |
| 1308 | | Könchek dies and Taliqu, a Muslim grandson of Büri, succeeds him |
| 1309 | | Kebek, son of Duwa, murders Taliqu and enthrones his brother Esen Buqa I |

### 1310s

| Year | Event |
| 1312 | Ilkhanate seizes Ghazni |
| 1316 | Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Conflict breaks out between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty and Ilkhanate |
| 1318 | Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Esen Buqa I dies and Kebek succeeds him |

### 1320s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1326 | | Kebek dies and his brother Eljigidey succeeds him |
| 1328 | | Chagatai Khanate invades India, reaching as far as Delhi |

### 1330s

| Year | Event |
| 1330 | Eljigidey is deposed by his brother Duwa Temür |
| 1331 | Duwa Temür is deposed by his brother Tarmashirin, who converts to Islam |
| 1334 | Rebels discontent with the conversion to Islam killTarmashirin, who is succeeded by Buzan, his nephew |
| 1335 | Buzan is overthrown by his cousin Changshi |
| 1338 | Changshi is murdered by his brother Yesun Temur, who succeeds him |
| 1338 | Black Death strikes the Chagatai Khanate |

### 1340s

| Year | Event |
| 1342 | Yesun Temur is deposed by 'Ali-Sultan |
| 1347 | Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur is defeated by Amir Qazaghan, who sets up Danishmendji, an Ögedeiid prince, as puppet khan; effective end of the united Chagatai Khanate |
| 1347 | The Chagatai Khanate is split in two, with Amir Qazaghan taking control of the western portion (Transoxania) and Tughlugh Timur the eastern portion (Moghulistan) |
| 1348 | Transoxania: Danishmendji is killed by Amir Qazaghan, who enthrones Bayan Qulï as khan |

### 1350s

| Year | Event |
| 1350 | Moghulistan: Tughlugh Timur gets circumsized and becomes a Muslim |
| 1351 | Transoxania: Amir Qazaghan attacks the Kart dynasty and sacks Herat |
| 1357 | Transoxania: Amir Qazaghan is assassinated and his son Abdullah succeeds him |
| 1358 | Transoxania: Abdullha had Bayan Qulï killed, angering Hajji Beg, Timur's uncle, the lord of Kesh, who drove him into exile and his death |

### 1360s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1360 | March | Moghulistan: Tughlugh Timur invades Transoxania and forces Hajji Beg to retreat to Khorasan; where he is assassinated at Shindand; Timur becomes head of the Barlas clan due to the death of Hajji Beg |
| 1363 | | Transoxania: Amir Husayn and Timur invade and take Transoxania from Moghulistan; while fleeing Ilyas Khoja learns of his father Tughlugh Timur's death |
| 1364 | | Transoxania: Amir Husayn and Timur enthrone Khabul Shah |
| 1365 | | Moghulistan: Ilyas Khoja invades Transoxania and lays siege to Samarkand but is forced to retreat after his army is hit by an epidemic |
| 1368 | | Moghulistan: Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat murders Ilyas Khoja and usurps the title of khan |

### 1370s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1370 | 10 April | Transoxania: Timur crowns himself king in Balkh after defeating Amir Husayn and enthrones Suurgatmish as khan, killing Khabul Shah |
| 1375 | | Transoxania: Timur invades Moghulistan, devastating the Ili region, to which Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat responds by invading Fergana and ambushing Timur, who barelly escapes |

### 1380s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1388 | | Transoxania: Timur declares himself sultan and enthrones Sultan Mahmud as khan after Suurgatmish dies |
| 1389 | | Transoxania: Timur invades Moghulistan reaching almost Turpan and defeating Khizr Khoja |

### 1390s

| Year | Event |
| 1390 | Transoxania: Timur invades Moghulistan and drives Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat into hiding, enabling Khizr Khoja to gain control of the region |
| 1397 | Moghulistan: Khizr Khoja's daughter marries Timur |
| 1399 | Moghulistan: Khizr Khoja dies and his son Shams-i-Jahan succeeds him |

## 15th century
### 1400s

| Year | Event |
| 1400 | Transoxania: Timur sends his grandson Mirza Iskander to invade Moghulistan, seizing Aksu and Khotan |
| 1402 | Transoxania: Sultan Mahmud dies; effective end of the Western Chagatai Khanate |
| 1408 | Shams-i-Jahan is succeeded by his brother Muhammad Khan |

### 1410s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1415 | | Muhammad Khan is succeeded by his brother Naqsh-i-Jahan |
| 1418 | | Naqsh-i-Jahan is succeeded by Uwais Khan |

### 1420s

| Year | Event |
| 1421 | Uwais Khan is succeeded by Sher Muhammad |
| 1425 | Shah Rukh sends his son Ulugh Beg to invade Moghulistan and defeats Sher Muhammad; Uwais Khan becomes ruler of Moghulistan again |
| 1429 | Uwais Khan is killed by Satuq Khan; two factions supporting his sons Esen Buqa II and Yunus Khan go to war with Esen winning |

### 1430s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1433 | | Moghulistan recovers Kashgar from the Timurid Empire |

### 1450s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1451 | | Esen Buqa II raids the Timurid Empire; in response Abu Sa'id Mirza lends Yunus Khan troops to occupy Moghulistan near the Ili River, splitting the western portion into what would come to be known as the Yarkent Khanate |

### 1460s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1462 | | Esen Buqa II dies and is succeeded by his son Dost Muhammad |
| 1469 | | Dost Muhammad dies and is succeeded by his son Kebek Sultan |

### 1470s

| Year | Event |
| 1472 | Kebek Sultan is assassinated, leaving Yunus Khan sole ruler of Moghulistan |
| 1473 | Ming–Turpan conflict: Yunus Khan occupies Hami |
| 1479 | Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat rebels and takes possession of Yarkand, defeating Yunus Khan twice |

### 1480s

| Year | Event |
| 1482 | Ming–Turpan conflict: Hami is retaken by Qanšin |
| 1484 | Taking advantage of the conflict between Umar Shaikh Mirza II and Sultan Ahmed Mirza, Yunus Khan occupies Fergana and Sayram |
| 1484 | Ahmad Alaq founds the Kyrgyz Khanate |
| 1486 | Yunus Khan dies and is succeeded by his sons Ahmad Alaq (Turpan Khanate) and Mahmud Khan (Yarkent Khanate) |
| 1488 | Yarkent Khanate: Mahmud Khan defeats a Timurid invasion |
| 1488 | Ming–Turpan conflict: Ahmad Alaq kills Qanšin and takes control of Hami |
| 1489 | Ming–Turpan conflict: Engke Bolad retakes Hami |

### 1490s

| Year | Event |
| 1493 | Ming–Turpan conflict: Ahmad Alaq captures Šamba and occupies Hami |
| 1497 | Ming–Turpan conflict: Ahmad Alaq abandons Hami |
| 1499 | Turpan Khanate: Ahmad Alaq seizes Kashgar and Yengisar from Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat |

## 16th century
### 1500s

| Year | Event |
| 1502 | Muhammad Shaybani captures both Ahmad Alaq and Mahmud Khan in battle |
| 1503 | Turpan Khanate: Muhammad Shaybani releases the Moghul khans but Ahmad Alaq dies soon after and is succeeded by his son Mansur Khan |
| 1508 | Yarkent Khanate: Mahmud Khan is defeated by his nephew Sultan Said Khan, flees to Muhammad Shaybani, who executes him |
| 1509 | Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat captures Kashgar |

### 1510s

| Year | Event |
| 1513 | Ming–Turpan conflict: Kara Del submits to Mansur Khan |
| 1514 | Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Said Khan overthrows Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat and takes all of his territory, ruling it in his own right; so ends the unified Moghulistan |
| 1517 | Ming–Turpan conflict: Mansur Khan launches raids into the Ming dynasty |

### 1520s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1529 | | Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Said Khan invades Badakhshan |

### 1530s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1533 | | Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Said Khan dies while trying to invade Tibet and is succeeded by his son Abdurashid Khan - during his reign he loses the northern pastures to nomads |

### 1540s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1543 | | Makhdum-i-Azam dies and his sons create the Aq Taghliq and Qara Taghliq religious orders |
| 1545 | | Turpan Khanate: Mansur Khan is succeeded by his son Shah Khan |

### 1550s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1558 | | Yarkent Khanate: Kazakh Khanate invades but is repelled |

### 1560s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1565 | | Yarkent Khanate: Abdurashid Khan is succeeded by his son Abdul Karim Khan |

### 1570s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1570 | | Turpan Khanate: Shah Khan dies and is succeeded by his brother Muhammad Khan ibn Mansur Khan; records don't mention much of the Turpan Khanate after this |

### 1590s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1593 | | Yarkent Khanate: Abdul Karim Khan is succeeded by his brother Muhammad Sultan |

## 17th century
### 1610s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1610 | | Yarkent Khanate: Muhammad Sultan is succeeded by his son Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan |
| 1619 | | Yarkent Khanate: Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan is assassinated and succeeded by Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan |

### 1630s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1631 | | Yarkent Khanate: Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan is succeeded by his nephew Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) |
| 1636 | | Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) is overthrown by Abdallah (Moghul Khan) |

### 1650s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1655 | | Yarkent Khanate: Yarkent becomes a tributary of the Qing dynasty |

### 1660s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1667 | | Yarkent Khanate: Abdallah (Moghul Khan) is overthrown by his son, YuIbars Khan |

### 1670s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1670 | | Yarkent Khanate: Yulbars Khan is overthrown and his uncle Ismail Khan is enthroned |
| 1678 | | Dzungar conquest of Altishahr: Ismail Khan drives out to the Aq Taghliq Khoja Afaq Khoja, who seeks help from the 5th Dalai Lama, who in turn writes a letter to the Dzungar Khanate for help. |

### 1680s

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1680 | | Dzungar conquest of Altishahr: The Dzungars invade and kill Ismail's family. Abd ar-Rashid Khan II is installed as ruler. |
| 1682 | | Riots break out, forcing Abd ar-Rashid Khan II to flee; his brother Muhammad Imin Khan succeeds him |

### 1690s

| Year | Event |
| 1693 | Muhammad Imin Khan invades the Dzungar Khanate but is overthrown by Afaq Khoja, whose son Yahiya Khoja is enthroned |
| 1695 | Afaq Khoja and Yahiya Khoja are killed in a rebellion |
| 1696 | Akbash Khan is enthroned but the begs of Kashgar refuse to acknowledge him. Dzungar troops are brought in by Akbash to enforce his rule. However the Dzungars install Mirza Alim Shah Beg; so ends the Yarkent Khanate and Chagatai rule |