OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Theodore R. Britton Jr.

Theodore Roosevelt Britton Jr. (born October 17, 1925) is an American former government official. He was a non-career appointee who served concurrent appointments as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Grenada and Barbados from 1974 until 1977.

## Life and career

Britton was born in North Augusta, South Carolina on October 17, 1925. In 1936, Britton moved with his parents, Bessie B. and Theodore R. Britton, Sr., to New York City. He left high school and joined the US Marine Corps in January 1944, fighting in the Pacific Theatre during World War II. When he returned, he studied at New York University. Soon after he was recalled to serve in the Korean War and later returned to NYU and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Banking and Finance. Britton worked as a mortgage officer and head of the mortgage department at Carver Federal Savings and Loan Association from 1955 to 1964 before becoming president of the American Baptist Convention. At the invitation of Harry Finger, who was head of Research and Technology in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Britton joined HUD as the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology in 1971. Gerald R. Ford nominated him to serve as the U.S. Ambassador to Barbados and Grenada and as the U. S. Special Representative to Antigua, Dominica, St. Christopher-Nevis, Anguilla, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines on November 17, 1974. He resigned in May, 1977.
Ronald Reagan appointed Britton to serve as chairman of the U.S.-China–Soviet Union Agreement on Housing and Planning (1981 to 1989). He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal on June 27, 2012 for his WWII service.

## Controversy

Britton was not expected “to take his job for more than it was - a political plum appointment by President Ford of a black Republican for services rendered.” But it did not work out so well. Prime Minister Errol Barrow referred to him as "the ugly American" and others there as "the king of Barbados,". The State Department's Foreign Service Inspector investigated on charges of incompetence.
Other allegations included that he "punished and humiliated" an embassy official who disagreed with his policies and angering the Barbados government by becoming too involved in local politics, upstaging government officials at their own gatherings and publicly criticizing Barbados officials. He was criticized for bringing in a contingent of Marines for the first time since the U.S. mission was established in 1821. He gloated to one visitor "Did you notice 'em? Did you see what they did when I came in? Yeah, they saluted. It adds a sense of respect to the place."
Britton disputed The Washington Post's version of what happened and said there was no intention of recalling him.
# Megapolis

Megapolis is a variant of the word megalopolis, meaning a large city or urban area.
Megapolis may also refer to:
* Megapolis (game), a game developed by Social Quantum
* Ministry of Megapolis, a cabinet of the prime minister in Sri Lanka.
* Megapolis Festival, an annual audio arts festival in the United States
* Megapolis (passenger train), a passenger train in Russia
* Megapolis Zoo, the home of fictional cartoon character Tennessee Tuxedo
# Ruffato

Ruffato is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Clodovaldo Ruffato (born 1953), Italian politician
* Luiz Ruffato (born 1961), Brazilian author
# Ruijū Karin

The Ruijū Karin (類聚歌林) was a Japanese waka anthology compiled by Yamanoue no Okura.

## Compilation and date

The Ruijū Karin was compiled by Yamanoue no Okura. It was likely compiled after Yōrō 5 (721) when Okura become a tutor to the crown prince (later Emperor Shōmu).

## Title

The work's title has been translated into English as:
* The Grove of Poetry, Arranged by Topic
* Forest of Classified Verse
* Forest of Classified Verses
* The Grove of Poems Classified
* Classified Forest of Poetry
* Classified Forest of Verse

## Status and apparent contents

The work is now lost.
It apparently survived until around the end of the Heian period. The late-Heian books of poetic criticism Yakumo Mishō [ja] and Fukuro-zōshi [ja] record that copies of it were in the holdings of Byōdō-in and/or Hōjō-ji), and in addition to these works it was also mentioned in a diary entry from 1015 (永承五年四月二十六日前麗景殿女御延子歌絵合, 正子内親王絵合), Ōgishō (奥義抄), Fujiwara no Shunzei's Korai Fūteishō [ja], Waka Genzaisho Mokuroku (和歌現在書目録), Waka Iroha [ja], but none of these works quote it directly.
Its contents are now known only from nine fragmentary passages quoted in books I, II and IX the Man'yōshū, as a source of information poets and the circumstances of composition of poems, and its full contents are unknown. The number of books which comprised the anthology is unknown, although the Shōsōin supposedly included a Karin Nanakan (歌林七巻) copied by Prince Ichihara [ja] which, if it was the same as this work, would mean it consisted of seven books.
The work divided poems into categories based on some sort of criteria and, using resources such as the Nihon Shoki and Fudoki, investigated the circumstances under which its poems were composed. As far as the Man'yōshū tells us, it apparently included poems by emperors and members of the imperial family, as well as court poems such as those commemorating imperial processions to various parts of the country (行幸従駕 gyōkō-jūga). This has led to the theory that it was compiled to be presented to the crown prince.
It may have been modeled on the Chinese work Yiwen Leiju.
# Theologou

Theologou was one of the first vehicle manufacturers in Greece. It was created by Nikos Theologos, a Greek mechanic who had lived and worked for a few years in the US, and founded this company after he returned to Athens, Greece in 1906 (full name appearing on vehicle badges was "N. Theologou", "Theologou" being genitive case in Greek, meaning "by Theologos") . Around 1916 he designed and constructed a light passenger car (chassis and body) with a motorcycle engine; according to his descendants, the efforts had started in 1908, and since 1916 a small number (less than 10) were built. His company, nonetheless, produced a variety of bus and truck bodies, mostly on Ford chassis in the 1920s. By the late 1920s it was facing strong competition by larger companies like Tournikiotis and Athena in Athens, Bouhagier in Patras and others, which also produced vehicles (mainly buses and trucks) on imported chassis, and was soon eclipsed by them.
# Theology (journal)

Theology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge. Since 2010, SAGE Publications have managed the online publication and distribution of the journal. It covers current work in fields related to contemporary Christian thought and practice, including historical, systematic, and pastoral theology, as well as biblical studies, history, philosophy, and ethics.
The journal was edited by E. G. Selwyn from July 1920 through December 1933; by Spencer Carpenter from January 1934 through December 1938, by Alec R. Vidler from January 1939 through December 1964, and by Gordon R. Dunstan from January 1965 through December 1975. In January 1976, as the journal changed over from monthly to bimonthly publication, the editorship was taken over by John Drury, David Jenkins and James Mark. Ann Loades was editor from 1991 to 1997. The current editor-in-chief is Stephen J. Plant.
Volume numbers cover half-years from vol. 1 (July–December 1920) to vol. 45 (July–December 1942); from vol. 46 (January–December 1943) each volume covers one calendar year.

## Abstracting and indexing

Theology is abstracted and indexed in ProQuest and Religious & Theological Abstracts.
# Rumkabu

Rumkabu is a Papuan surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lukas Rumkabu (born 1977), Indonesian professional footballer
* Zico Rumkabu (born 1989), Indonesian professional footballer
# Megchelen

Megchelen is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a tiny hook of land surrounded on three sides by the German border in the municipality of Oude IJsselstreek, about 7 km southeast of the town of Ulft on the Zwanenburgseweg.

## List of Rijksmonuments in Megchelen

Megchelen is home to 7 rijksmonuments.
| Description | Original function$^?$ | Built | Location | Coordinates$^?$ | No.$^?$ |
| Dutch reformed church | Kerk en kerkonderdeel | 1411 | Koninginneweg 14 | 51°50′14″N 6°23′39″E﻿ / ﻿51.83712°N 6.39418°E﻿ / 51.83712; 6.39418﻿ (RM16071 - Koninginneweg 14) | 16071 |
| Landfort, main building | Kasteel, buitenplaats | 1825-1827 | Landfortseweg 4 | 51°51′11″N 6°24′25″E﻿ / ﻿51.85315°N 6.40683°E﻿ / 51.85315; 6.40683﻿ (RM512220 - Landfortseweg 4) | 512220 |
| Landfort, court and park | Tuin, park en plantsoen | | Landfortseweg bij 4 | 51°51′10″N 6°24′10″E﻿ / ﻿51.85267°N 6.40280°E﻿ / 51.85267; 6.40280﻿ (RM512223 - Landfortseweg bij 4) | 512223 |
| Landfort, bridge | Tuin, park en plantsoen | 1903 | Landfortseweg bij 4 | 51°51′10″N 6°24′10″E﻿ / ﻿51.85267°N 6.40280°E﻿ / 51.85267; 6.40280﻿ (RM512224 - Landfortseweg bij 4) | 512224 |
| Landfort, dovecote | Tuin, park en plantsoen | 1825 | Landfortseweg bij 4 | 51°51′10″N 6°24′10″E﻿ / ﻿51.85267°N 6.40280°E﻿ / 51.85267; 6.40280﻿ (RM512225 - Landfortseweg bij 4) | 512225 |
| Landfort, garden wall | Tuin, park en plantsoen | | Landfortseweg bij 4 | 51°51′10″N 6°24′10″E﻿ / ﻿51.85267°N 6.40280°E﻿ / 51.85267; 6.40280﻿ (RM512226 - Landfortseweg bij 4) | 512226 |
| Landfort, iron bridge | Tuin, park en plantsoen | 1872 | Landfortseweg bij 4 | 51°51′10″N 6°24′10″E﻿ / ﻿51.85267°N 6.40280°E﻿ / 51.85267; 6.40280﻿ (RM512227 - Landfortseweg bij 4) | 512227 |
# Thermal transpiration

Thermal transpiration (or thermal diffusion) refers to the thermal force on a gas due to a temperature difference. Thermal transpiration causes a flow of gas in the absence of any other pressure difference, and is able to maintain a certain pressure difference called thermomolecular pressure difference in a steady state. The effect is strongest when the mean free path of the gas molecules is comparable to the dimensions of the gas container.
Thermal transpiration appears as an important correction in the readings of vapor pressure thermometers, and the effect is historically famous as being an explanation for the rotation of the Crookes radiometer.
# Thermal time scale

In astrophysics, the thermal time scale or Kelvin–Helmholtz time scale is the approximate time it takes for a star to radiate away its total kinetic energy content at its current luminosity rate. Along with the nuclear and free-fall (aka dynamical) time scales, it is used to estimate the length of time a particular star will remain in a certain phase of its life and its lifespan if hypothetical conditions are met. In reality, the lifespan of a star is greater than what is estimated by the thermal time scale because as one fuel becomes scarce, another will generally take its place – hydrogen burning gives way to helium burning, which is replaced by carbon burning.

## Stellar astrophysics

The size of a star as well as its energy output generally determine a star's thermal lifetime because the measurement is independent of the type of fuel normally found at its center. Indeed, the thermal time scale assumes that there is no fuel at all inside the star and simply predicts the length of time it would take for the resulting change in outputted energy to reach the surface of the star and become visually apparent to an outside observer.
$\tau _{\text{th}}={\frac {\mbox{total kinetic energy}}{\mbox{rate of energy loss}}}\approx {\cfrac {GM^{2}}{2RL}}$
where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the star, R is the radius of the star, and L is the star's luminosity. As an example, the Sun's thermal time scale is approximately 15.7 million years.
# Rumyana Spasova

Rumyana Spasova (born 5 February 1989 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian former pair skater who competed with Stanimir Todorov. The two are the three time Bulgarian national champions. They placed 19th at the 2006 Winter Olympics, becoming the first Bulgarian pair skaters to compete at the Olympics.

## Programs

(with Todorov)
| Season | Short program | Free skating |
| 2006–2007 | Sentenced Souls (Bulgarian movie soundtrack) by Dimitar Shterev | Paso Doble Viva Espana by Hugo Strasser |
| 2005–2006 | Renaissance medley (modern arrangement) | Balkan Concept |
| 2004–2005 | Renaissance music | Prince of Egypt (soundtrack) by Hans Zimmer |
| 2001–2004 | Speed (soundtrack) by Mark Mancina | Mary Poppins (soundtrack) |

## Results

(with Todorov)
Results :
| International |||||||
| Event | 2001–02 | 2002–03 | 2003–04 | 2004–05 | 2005–06 | 2006–07 |
| Olympics | | | | | 19th | |
| Worlds | | | | 17th | 15th | |
| Europeans | | | | 12th | 9th | |
| GP Cup of China | | | | | 8th | |
| GP NHK Trophy | | | | | 7th | 9th |
| GP Skate Canada | | | | | | 9th |
| Nebelhorn | | | | | 13th | 8th |
| Finlandia | | | 5th | | | |
| Karl Schäfer | | | | | 7th | |
| Golden Spin | | | 5th | | | |
| International: Junior |||||||
| Junior Worlds | | 16th | | | | |
| JGP Germany | | 10th | | | | |
| EYOF | | 6th | | | | |
| National |||||||
| Bulgarian Champ. | 1st J. | 1st J. | 1st | 1st | 1st | |
| GP = Grand Prix; JGP = Junior Grand Prix; J. = Junior level |||||||
# Rune Nordengen

Rune Nordengen (born 12 May 1974) is a retired Norwegian football midfielder.
He represented Norway U19 and U20 in 1992 and 1993, being a squad member for the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship.
Hailing from Gjerdrum and Gjerdrum IL, he went to Lillestrøm SK while a youth player. He was drafted into the first-team squad in 1993, but only recorded a single league game, in 1994. In 1995 he was loaned out to Åndalsnes IF. In 1996 and 1997 he played for Lyn without establishing himself in the starting eleven. He then retired from professional football, featuring for Gjerdrum IL lowly in the league pyramid.
# Melaleuca parviceps

Melaleuca parviceps, commonly known as rough honey-myrtle is a shrub in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with varying shades of pink or purple flowers, the stamens tipped with yellow anthers. In describing it, John Lindley noted: "every twig ... is terminated by hemispherical heads of brilliant pink". It is similar to Melaleuca manglesii and Melaleuca seriata.

## Description

Melaleuca parviceps grows to about 1.2 m (4 ft) tall with its branchlets and leaves covered by small silky hairs. The leaves are arranged alternately, 7.5–25 mm (0.3–1 in) long and 0.7–1.2 mm (0.03–0.05 in) wide and linear or very narrow oval in shape.
The flowers are arranged in heads or short spikes on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering, or sometimes in the upper leaf axils. The heads are up to 25 mm (1 in) in diameter and contain between 2 and 8 groups of flowers in threes. The petals are 1.7–3 mm (0.07–0.1 in) long and fall off soon after the flowers open. The stamens, which give the flower it colour are shades of pink, purple or mauve with yellow tips and are arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle containing 6 to 10 stamens. Flowering is in spring and early summer and is followed by fruit which are woody capsules 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.14 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca parviceps was first formally described in 1839 by John Lindley in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. The specific epithet (parviceps) is from the word Latin parvus, meaning "little"$^{:489}$ and the Latin suffix -ceps meaning "headed"$^{:28}$ "in reference to the small inflorescences in the type collection".

## Distribution and habitat

Melaleuca parviceps occurs in the Darling Range near Perth and nearby inland areas in the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions. It grows in scrub, heath and forest in clay or sand over granite.

## Conservation

Melaleuca parviceps is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## Use in horticulture

Melaleuca parviceps has been successfully cultivated in well-drained soil in temperate areas with low humidity.
# Melaleuca papillosa

Melaleuca papillosa is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is one of the smallest species of Melaleuca, distinguished by its narrow, usually hairy, pimply leaves, small heads of pink to purple flowers surrounded by silky hairs and scattered rather than clustered fruits.

## Description

Melaleuca papillosa is a shrub sometimes growing to 1.2 m (4 ft) tall. Its leaves are arranged alternately and are 6.5–14.5 mm (0.3–0.6 in) long, 1.0–1.7 mm (0.04–0.07 in) wide, linear to very narrow egg-shaped and semi-circular in cross section. The leaves are more or less curved, usually covered with short, matted, silky hairs and have small, pimply projections.
The flowers are a shade of pink to purple and arranged in heads on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering and sometimes also in the upper leaf axils. The heads are up to 18 mm (0.7 in) in diameter with up to 3 groups of flowers in threes. The petals are 1.0–1.2 mm (0.04–0.05 in) long and fall off as the flower matures. The outer surface of the floral cup (the hypanthium) is usually hairy and there are five bundles of stamens around the flower, each with 4 to 7 stamens. Flowering occurs mainly in September and October, and is followed by fruit which are woody, cup-shaped capsules, 3.8–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long, scattered along the stem.

## Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca papillosa was first formally described in 1999 by Lyndley Craven in Australian Systematic Botany from a specimen collected in the Fitzgerald River National Park. The specific epithet (papillosa) is derived from the Latin word papilla meaning "nipple" referring to the pimply surface of the leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

Melaleuca papillosa occurs in the Fitzgerald River district in the Esperance Plains biogeographic region. It grows in mallee heath in rocky clay loam.

## Conservation

Melaleuca papillosa is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# The Wounds of Civil War

The Wounds of Civil War is an Elizabethan era stage play, written by Thomas Lodge. A dramatization of the ancient Roman conflict between Marius and Sulla, the play is generally considered Lodge's only extant solo drama.

## Publication

The Wounds of Civil War was entered into the Stationers' Register on 24 May 1594, and was published in quarto later that year by the bookseller John Danter. The title page of the quarto identifies Lodge as the author, and states that the play was performed by the Admiral's Men. The 1594 quarto is the only publication of the play before the nineteenth century.

## Date

The date of the authorship and premier performance of the play is not known with certainty. Many scholars have considered the scene in Act III that includes a chariot drawn by four Moors as an imitation of the famous similar scene in Marlowe's Tamburlaine, indicating that Lodge's play must post-date Marlowe's. The Wounds of Civil War is generally dated to the 1587–92 period. (A minority view allows the possibility the Lodge's play may have pre-dated Marlowe's, and that Marlowe may have been influenced by Lodge.)

## Sources

Lodge's primary source on the First Civil War in ancient Rome was the Roman History of Appian; an English translation of Appian's work, by "W. B.," had been published by Henry Bynneman in 1578. Lodge departs from his source when it suits his purposes, as in elevating the minor figure Junius Brutus into a significant character. Lodge condemns militarism and tyranny as leading to civil disruption; he favors the unifying influences of a balanced, moderate, and just society. (Lodge conceived of Elizabethan England as that type of society, and was a conservative defender of the existing social order against potential change and "innovation.")
# Theta Gruis

Theta Gruis, Latinized from θ Gruis, is a triple star system in the southern constellation of Grus. Its combined apparent visual magnitude is 4.28, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. The system contains a magnetic Delta Delphini-like F5 star with a close fainter companion, plus a more distant G2 main sequence star.
# Melbourne Cricket Club (Jamaica)

Melbourne Cricket Club is a cricket club based in the city of Kingston, Jamaica. The club was established on 3 May 1892 to provide a club for men of "modest means". It was the third cricket club established in Kingston, after Kingston Cricket Club and Kensington Cricket Club. In that time the club has produced 13 cricketers who represented the West Indies and another 27 players who have represented Jamaica.
Melbourne has traditionally been one of the strongest clubs in Jamaica, winning the Kingston competition (Senior Cup) seven years in a row but was less successful in the early 2000s.
Cricketers from Melbourne CC who have represented the West Indies include:
* Michael Holding
* Courtney Walsh
* Marlon Samuels
* Carlton Baugh
# Øyvind Rimbereid

Øyvind Rimbereid (born 2 May 1966 in Stavanger) is a Norwegian author and composer of lyric poetry. He has worked as an instructor at Skrivekunstakademiet in Bergen. Rimbereid holds a cand. philol. degree from the University of Bergen with high marks in Nordic languages and literature. He won the Brage Prize 2008 for his poetry collection Herbarium.
# Tocumwal Airport

Tocumwal Airport (IATA: TCW, ICAO: YTOC) is located 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) east of Tocumwal, New South Wales, Australia. Both runways have parallel runways labelled for glider operations.
# Lambula melaleuca

Lambula melaleuca is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found on the Moluccas. It is the type species of the genus Lambula.
# Microtralia

Microtralia is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks to micromollusks in the family Ellobiidae, the salt marsh snails.

## Species

Species within the genus Microtralia include:
* Microtralia ovulum
* Microtralia insularis
# Meharban Singh Rawat

Meharban Singh Rawat is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Rawat was a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Sabalgarh constituency in Morena district from 2013 to 2018.
# Richard Murray (cricketer)

Richard Murray (1831–21 November 1861) was an Australian cricketer. He played four first-class matches for New South Wales between 1855–56 and 1859–60.
# Marcelo Itagiba

Marcelo Zaturansky Nogueira Itagiba (born 20 March 1956) is a Brazilian politician.
Itagiba was the Brazilian Federal Police superintendent, secretary of public security of the Rio de Janeiro State during Rosinha Matheus' government in that State. In 2006, he was elected as a Federal Deputy, representing the State of Rio de Janeiro at the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil.
# Scopula pinguis

Scopula pinguis is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1902. It is found in Korea, Japan and Taiwan.