OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Raphaèle Herbin

Raphaèle Herbin is a French applied mathematician; she is known for her work on the finite volume method.
Herbin has been a professor at Aix-Marseille University since 1995, and directs the Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille. She earned her doctorate in 1986 at Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, with the dissertation Approximation numérique d'inéquations variationnelles non linéaires par des méthodes de continuation supervised by Francis Conrad.
Herbin is a co-author of the books Mesure, intégration, probabilités (Ellipses, 2013) and The gradient discretisation method (Springer, 2018).
In 2017 the CNRS gave Herbin their CNRS medal of innovation.
# MERCI Retriever

The MERCI Retriever is a medical device designed to treat Ischemic Strokes. The name is an acronym for Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia. Designed by University of California, Los Angeles in 2001, MERCI was the first device approved in the U.S. to remove blood clots in patients who had acute brain ischemia.

## Medical uses

It may result in benefit in certain people as long as 8 hours after the ischemic event. In this carefully selected group it achieved 48% vessel re-canalization and lower mortality rates than the use of r-tPA in revascularized patients.

## Mechanism

In an ischemic stroke, there is an obstruction within blood vessels that supply blood to the brain. The goal in treatment of such a stroke is to restore blood flow through these blood vessels. The MERCI retriever does so by allowing the removal of the blood clots causing the obstruction.
The retriever consists of a long thin wire with a helical coil formed at the distal end. A balloon catheter is snaked into the affected vessel from the femoral artery, and the balloon is inflated to prevent blood flow that could hinder the retrieval process. The retriever is then fed through the catheter, during which the distal coil is straightened to fit through the catheter tube. When the retriever emerges at the clot site, the coil reforms, wrapping around the clot and allowing the clot to be removed with the catheter.

## History

The MERCI Retriever obtained U.S. FDA clearance in August 2004 for re-canalization of cerebral arteries in acute stroke.

### FDA Process

Concentric Medical undertook a preliminary study of the MERCI retriever to assess its effectiveness. The manufacturers of the MERCI device filed a 510(k) premarket notification, and received an FDA premarket approval in 2004.
# Ranjangaon Khurd

Ranjangaon Khurd is a village in Rahata taluka of Ahmednagar district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

## Population

As per 2011 census, population of village is 4,783, of which 2,507 are males and 2,276 are females.

## Economy

Main occupation of village is agriculture and allied work. Pd. Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil S.S.K. Ltd. (Shree Ganesh Unit), a sugar factory is located near a village.

## Transport
### Road

Village is located near Shirdi - Shani Shingnapur highway.

### Rail

Chitali railway station is the nearest railway station to a village.

### Air

Shirdi Airport is the nearest airport to a village.
# MV Angantyr

The Angantyr is a Swedish motor vessel, and former steam ship, that was built in 1909 at Motala Verkstads Nya AB. She now operates cruises and charters for the Strömma Kanalbolaget and is a listed historic ship of Sweden.

## History

Angantyr was built as a steam ship by the Motala Verkstads Nya AB in Motala and delivered in May 1909 to the Stockholms Ångslups AB (Stockholm Steam Launch AB) of Stockholm for use on Lake Malaren. She was a sister ship to Valkyrian (now Drottningholm), built the same year, and was initially used on a service from Stockholm to the Essingen Islands. She was rebuilt in 1914 with an upper deck superstructure, but this was removed again in 1949, and she now has the open upper deck that she was built with.
In 1941, the Angantyr was transferred to the Stockholm archipelago, operating services between Möja, Sandhamn, Runmarö, Nämdö [sv] and Utö. In 1955, her original steam engine was replaced by a diesel engine. In 1968, she was sold to Waxholms Nya Ångfartygs AB, better known as Waxholmsbolaget, who employed her on routes from Stockholm to Möja and Stockholm to Stora Saxaren [sv] and Lilla Saxaren.
In 1978, the Angantyr was sold to Drottningholms Ångfartygs AB, who hired her to Ångfartygs AB Strömma Kanal, better known as Strömma Kanalbolaget. The following year she was sold to a private individual, but remained on hire to Strömma Kanalbolaget. In 1983, she was re-engined with a new diesel engine. The same year she returned to her original route from Stockholm to the Essingen Islands, running a commuter service that she remained on until 2003. In 1988, she was purchased by Strömma Kanalbolaget.

## Operation

The Angantyr is operated by Strömma Kanalbolaget in the Stockholm area on cruises through Lake Malaren and the Stockholm archipelago. She has a length of 23.16 metres (76.0 ft), a beam of 5.6 metres (18 ft) and a draft of 1.9 metres (6 ft 3 in). She has a top speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) and carries 148 passengers.
# Rauno

Rauno is an Estonian and Finnish masculine given name, and may refer to:
* Rauno Aaltonen (born 1938), Finnish former professional rally driver
* Rauno Alliku (born 1990), Estonian professional footballer
* Rauno Bies (born 1961), Finnish former sport shooter and Olympic medalist
* Rauno Heinla (born 1982), Estonian strongman competitor
* Rauno Korpi (born 1951), Finnish ice hockey coach
* Rauno Lehtinen (1932-2006), Finnish conductor and composer
* Rauno Lehtiö (born 1942), Finnish ice hockey player
* Rauno Mäkinen (1931-2010), Finnish former wrestler and Olympic medalist
* Rauno Miettinen (born 1949), Finnish former Nordic combined skier
* Rauno Esa Nieminen (born 1955), Finnish musician, writer, artist, and researcher
* Rauno Nurger (born 1993), Estonian basketball player
* Rauno Pehka (born 1969), Estonian former professional basketball player
* Rauno Ronkainen (born 1964), Finnish TV and film cinematographer and cameraman
* Rauno Ruotsalainen (born 1938), Finnish footballer
* Rauno Sappinen (born 1996), Estonian professional footballer
* Rauno Saunavaara (born ????), Finnish paralympic track and field athlete
* Rauno Sirk (born 1975), Estonian military commander
* Rauno Suominen (1939–2018), Finnish tennis player and coach
* Rauno Tamme (born 1992), Estonian volleyball player
# Target letter

According to the law of the United States, a person receives a target letter when a U.S. attorney has "substantial evidence linking him or her to the commission of a crime". The same legal technique may be used by county prosecutors in some jurisdictions.
In 2005, the New York Times described target letters this way: "The U.S. attorney's manual bars prosecutors from taking witnesses before a grand jury if there is a possibility of future criminal charges unless the witnesses are notified in advance that their grand jury testimony can be used against them in a later indictment." Law professor Randal Lee, a former judge and prosecutor, has said "A target letter is simply a courtesy letter given by the federal government informing you that you're a suspect in a criminal investigation."
Former Assistant United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey Mitchell Epner has said that a target letter may be used by a prosecutor to induce a target of their investigation to flip, meaning to cooperate with the prosecution. Epner said, "Ordinarily, the reason that prosecutors send a target letter is to see if people want to come in to cooperate before they get charged."
# MLH3

DNA mismatch repair protein Mlh3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLH3 gene.

## Function

This gene is a member of the MutL-homolog (MLH) family of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. MLH genes are implicated in maintaining genomic integrity during DNA replication and after meiotic recombination. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a heterodimer with other family members. Somatic mutations in this gene frequently occur in tumors exhibiting microsatellite instability, and germline mutations have been linked to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer type 7 (HNPCC7). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but the full-length nature of only two transcript variants has been determined. Orthologs of human MLH3 have also been studied in other organisms including mouse and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

## Meiosis

In addition to its role in DNA mismatch repair, MLH3 protein is also involved in meiotic crossing over. MLH3 forms a heterodimer with MLH1 that appears to be necessary for mouse oocytes to progress through metaphase II of meiosis.
The MLH1-MLH3 heterodimers promote crossovers. Recombination during meiosis is often initiated by a DNA double-strand break (DSB) as illustrated in the accompanying diagram. During recombination, sections of DNA at the 5' ends of the break are cut away in a process called resection. In the strand invasion step that follows, an overhanging 3' end of the broken DNA molecule then "invades" the DNA of a homologous chromosome that is not broken forming a displacement loop (D-loop). After strand invasion, the further sequence of events may follow either of two main pathways leading to a crossover (CO) or a non-crossover (NCO) recombinant (see Genetic recombination. The pathway leading to a CO involves a double Holliday junction (DHJ) intermediate. Holliday junctions need to be resolved for CO recombination to be completed.
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as in the mouse, MLH3 forms a heterodimer with MLH1. Meiotic CO requires resolution of Holliday junctions through actions of the MLH1-MLH3 heterodimer. The MLH1-MLH3 heterodimer is an endonuclease that makes single-strand breaks in supercoiled double-stranded DNA. MLH1-MLH3 binds specifically to Holliday junctions and may act as part of a larger complex to process Holliday junctions during meiosis. MLH1-MLH3 heterodimer (MutL gamma) together with Exo1 and Sgs1 (ortholog of Bloom syndrome helicase) define a joint molecule resolution pathway that produces the majority of crossovers in budding yeast and, by inference, in mammals.

## Interactions

MLH3 has been shown to interact with MSH4.
# MSPE

MSPE may refer to:
* Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement: a mental training program for athletes and coaches
* Mean squared prediction error
* Mean squared pure error
* Medical School Performance Evaluation (or dean's letter): a formal, written evaluation of a medical student
* Mercenaries, Spies and Private Eyes, a role-playing game written by Michael A. Stackpole and published by Flying Buffalo
* Master of Science, Power Engineering
# MSPI

MSPI may refer to:
* MSPI (nerve agent), an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
* mini-SPI (mSPI), a synchronous serial communication protocol`
* MspI, a restriction enzyme used in various methods such as the HELP assay
* Milk soy protein intolerance, a combination allergic intolerance to proteins in both dairy and soy milk; see Milk allergy#Cross-reactivity with soy
# Maceo

Maceo may refer to:

## Places

* Maceo, Antioquia, Colombia, a town and municipality
* Maceo, Kentucky, an unincorporated community

## People

* Maceo (name), a list of people with the given name or surname
* Big Maceo Merriweather, American blues pianist and singer Major Merriweather (1905–1953)
* Maceo Plex, stage name of Eric Estornel (born 1978), electronic music DJ and producer
# MRF Racing

MRF Racing is an Indian racing team that competes in car racing and rallies.

## Formula Racing

MRF built is first Formula 3 car in 1997. MRF in collaboration with Maruti established the Formula Maruti racing, a single-seater, open wheel class motorsport racing event for race cars made in India. MRF Challenge is an open-wheel motorsport formula based series organized by Madras Motor Sports Club in association with MRF. The latest season consisted of races organized at Madras Motor Racing Track, Chennai, Bahrain International Circuit, Losail International Circuit, Doha and Buddh International Circuit, Noida. Freddie Hunt, son of 1976 Formula One champion James Hunt, Mathias Lauda, son of 1975, 1977 and 1984 Formula One champion Niki Lauda and Mick Schumacher, son of seven time Formula 1 champion Michael Schumacher competed in the series. MRF has sponsored Indian racing drivers including Narain Karthikeyan, Karun Chandok, Ashwin Sundar, N. Leelakrishnan and Raj Bharath.

### Rallying

MRF have also been a long-running sponsor of MRF rally team participating in Asia-Pacific Rally Championship and Indian National Rally Championship. Associating with Czech car manufacturer Škoda, MRF Skoda is the three time reigning champion in Asia-Pacific Rally Championship with Chris Atkinson winning in 2012, Gaurav Gill in 2013 and Jan Kopecký in 2014. MRF also participates in Raid De Himalaya, the world's highest rally. The Indian National Rally Championship Overall winners (2022) Karna Kadur and Nikhil Pai also drive in the MRF colours.

### Others

MRF promotes a national motocross championship, a form of all-terrain two wheeler racing held on enclosed off-road circuits annually across several cities. MRF sponsors major karting championships in India. MRF is the first Indian tyre company to develop FIA approved karting tyres.
# Tartaruga

Tartaruga may refer to:

## Biology

The term Tartaruga is a word in Italian, Portuguese and Galician that may refer to:
* Testudines, including:
** Turtle, an aquatic reptile
** Tortoise, a land-dwelling reptile

## Places

* Praia da Tartaruga / Tartaruga Beach in Rio das Ostras

## Other

* Tartaruga, nickname for FS Class E.444 locomotives
# Ray Wyre

Ray Wyre (2 November 1951 – 20 June 2008) was a pioneer in the treatment of sex offenders.
Born in Hampshire, his work as a probation officer in prisons brought him into contact with some of Britain's most dangerous violent and sexual offenders, including Reggie Kray and Robert Black. He set up the first residential treatment centre for sex offenders, the Gracewell Clinic, in 1988 in Birmingham.
Wyre had three children, all from his first marriage, which ended in divorce. He died of a stroke and was survived by his wife Charmaine and his children.
# Real Tlamazolan

Deportivo Real Tlamazolan is a Mexican professional football team based in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico currently playing in Liga de Balompié Mexicano.

## History

The team was founded in June 2021 to take part in the Liga de Balompié Mexicano starting in August.
On August 22, 2021, the team played its first official match, defeating Neza F.C. by a score of 1–4. Santiago Giraldo scored the first goal in the club's history.

## Stadium

Real Tlamazolan plays its home games at the Estadio Olímpico de Ciudad Guzmán, which has an approximate capacity for 3,000 spectators.

## Players
### First-team squad

    As of 8 September 2021
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
# Razowskiina glomerula

Razowskiina glomerula is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Paraná, Brazil.
# Macratriinae

Macratriinae is a subfamily of antlike flower beetles in the family Anthicidae. There are at least 2 genera and more than 30 described species in Macratriinae.

## Genera

These two genera belong to the subfamily Macratriinae:
* Macratria Newman, 1838
* Thambospasta Werner, 1974
# Rayampuram

Rayampuram is a village in the Ariyalur taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 census, Raympuram had a total population of 3,267 with 1,619 males and 1,648 females.
# Rayamundanpatti

Rayamundanpatti is a village in the Thanjavur taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Rayamundanpatti had a total population of 1413 with 711 males and 702 females. The sex ratio was 987. The literacy rate was 55.28.
# Macrerpeton

Macrerpeton is a genus of edopoid temnospondyl within the family Cochleosauridae. It contains a single species, Macrerpeton huxleyi. It was discovered in the fossil-rich Allegheny Formation of Linton, Ohio.
# MUQ

MUQ can refer to:
* Xong language, a language spoken in south-central China, by ISO 639 code
* Aerolineas Mundo, a defunct airline based in the Dominican Republic from 1986 to 1993; see List of defunct airlines of the Dominican Republic
* Muccan Station Airport, an airport in Muccan Station, Western Australia, Australia, by IATA code; see List of airports by IATA code: M
# ReDhoom

ReDhoom is the sixth album of the Indian rock band Euphoria and is the second remixed album in the Dhoom (the first being Phir Dhoom after the main Dhoom).

## Track list

* Bhoola Sab
* Dhoom (Feat. Shubha Mudgal)
* Tum
* Rok Sako To Rok Lo
* Maeri
* Phir Dhoom
* Hind Rock
* Sha Nananana
* Me & You
* Bewafaa
* Soneya
* Mehfuz
* Bhoola Sab - The Forgot Mix
# Tarcisius Van Bavel

Tarsicius Jan Van Bavel OSA (Tilburg, 7 June 1923 - Leuven, 28 July 2007) was a Catholic priest and Augustinian friar. He was of the most important scholars in the thought of Augustine of Hippo. Van Bavel was Director of the Augustinian Historical Institute in Heverlee, Belgium, and Professor of Theology at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium.
van Bavel entered the Augustinian order in 1941. He defended his doctorate on the Christology of Augustine in 1954 at the University of Fribourg and was appointed professor at the KU Leuven in 1972. He was mostly known for his expertise on Augustine, but was also respected as a systematic theologian and wrote several texts on the religious life.
# Macroderma koppa

Macroderma koppa is a species of bat known from fossil material found in Australia, one of the larger carnivorous megadermatid family of the order Chiroptera. They resembled the modern species Macroderma gigas, known as a false vampire or ghost bat, and also preyed on vertebrates such as small mammals, reptiles and bird, and amphibian species, whose butchered remains were found beneath their feeding roosts.

## Taxonomy

Macroderma koppa was described from fossil material discovered at the Wellington Caves in New South Wales. The type locality, described as Big Sink, is one of several sites containing fossil depositions in the cave system, a complex assemblage that contains a variety of vertebrate species. The author's specimens were designated as a holotype, a skull with complete dentition, and paratype material exhibiting other distinguishable characters.
The specific epithet was nominated by the authors in reference to Koppa, described by indigenous informants as a mythological spirit that is associated with the caves.

## Description

A megadermatid species, allied to the genus Macroderma. Macroderma koppa is regarded as a sister species to the extant Macroderma gigas, known as the false vampire of ghost bat, a predatory carnivore found in the north of Australia. The discovery at Big Sink was initially reported in 1987 as the modern species, but subsequent analysis by the palaeo-mammalogist Suzanne Hand identified morphological characteristics indicating a species that had diverged as a separate lineage.
Macroderma koppa is larger than the earlier and probably ancestral species Macroderma godthelpi, and similar in size to the modern species. They are distinguished from M. gigas by characters that include a less well developed nose-shield and two infraorbital foramina, rather than one, and had larger premolars and incisors.

## Distribution

The species was uncovered in excavations at the Cathedral cave, stratigraphy dated to the Pliocene, in an area associated with a phosphate mine. The Big Sink site contains other fauna of this epoch, unlike the otherwise later Pleistocene fossil deposits at the Wellington Caves area. The period of deposition for the fossil material has been verified by correlation to dating of the Riversleigh sites, where other megadermatid species are recorded. The bones of Macroderma koppa are well represented at this site, with evidence of their consumption of prey, suggesting the cave was occupied by the population as a maternity colony and feeding roost.
# Really Bad Chess

Really Bad Chess (stylized as really bad chess) is a mobile video game developed by Zach Gage. It was released on October 13, 2016, for iOS, with a version for Android released in May 2017. The game is based on the original game of chess but contains rearranged boards.

## Gameplay

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
Really Bad Chess is played using a normal chess board, but with each player given one king and 15 other pieces selected at random based on the player's skill level. The pieces, moves, and goal are identical to the original game. Because of the rearranged pieces, players cannot use typical chess opening moves. Unlike in standard chess, in Really Bad Chess there are no draws: a stalemated player loses the game, and no draws can be claimed for reasons such as threefold repetition. As such, the game does not end when only the kings remain.

## Development

Really Bad Chess was developed by Zach Gage, the developer behind the 2015 solitaire mobile game Sage Solitaire. The game was released on October 13, 2016, for iOS devices. Some players have reported stability issues when playing the game. A port for Android, produced by Noodlecake Studios, was released in May 2017.
In 2023, Really Bad Chess is integrated within the games portal Puzzmo, developed by Gage and Orta Therox, as a daily puzzle.

## Reception

Stephen Totilo of video game news site Kotaku recommended the game to those with an iPhone because though he doesn't "care for chess", he enjoyed playing it. Rob Funnell of mobile gaming site TouchArcade awarded the game a 5/5 rating and said the game turns the "mundane task of learning chess into an extremely enjoyable experience".
Reviewers thought the game would be good for helping newer and more inexperienced chess players learn how the game works. Funnell believed Really Bad Chess was a good way for new players and chess veterans to learn how to understand chess, and eventually become better at the game through learning how to "read the board". Prior to release, Emma Kidwell of Kill Screen said the game "should be great for beginners to learn about the joy of landing a checkmate without having to study openings".
# Maaseik (Chamber of Representatives constituency)

Maaseik was a constituency used to elect a single member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives between 1839 and 1900. It replaced Roermond as a constituency for the province of Limburg when that city passed to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as a result of the Treaty of London. The first member from Maaseik had been elected from Roermond in 1837.

## Representatives

| Election | Representative (Party) | Representative (Party) |
| 1837 | | Jean Scheyven (Catholic) |
| 1841 | Hubert Huveners (Catholic) |
| 1845 | Hubert Huveners (Catholic) |
| 1848 | Charles Vilain XIIII (Catholic) |
| 1852 | Charles Vilain XIIII (Catholic) |
| 1856 | Charles Vilain XIIII (Catholic) |
| 1857 | Charles Vilain XIIII (Catholic) |
| 1861 | Charles Vilain XIIII (Catholic) |
| 1864 | Charles Vilain XIIII (Catholic) |
| 1868 | Charles Vilain XIIII (Catholic) |
| 1870 | Charles Vilain XIIII (Catholic) |
| 1874 | Charles Vilain XIIII (Catholic) |
| 1878 | Prosper Cornesse (Catholic) |
| 1882 | Prosper Cornesse (Catholic) |
| 1886 | Joris Helleputte (Catholic) |
| 1890 | Joris Helleputte (Catholic) |
| 1892 | Joris Helleputte (Catholic) |
| 1894 | Joris Helleputte (Catholic) |
| 1898 | Joris Helleputte (Catholic) |
| 1900 | Merged into Tongeren-Maaseik | Merged into Tongeren-Maaseik |
# Raymond DuBois

Raymond DuBois may refer to:
* Raymond F. DuBois (born 1947), American national security official
* Raymond DuBois (academic), American medical research academic
* Raymond Dubois (c. 1932–1989), of the Dubois brothers, a French-Canadian organized crime group