# Hermann von Ihering

Hermann Friedrich Albert von Ihering (9 October 1850 – 24 February 1930) was a German-Brazilian zoologist. He was the oldest son of Rudolf von Jhering.

## Biography

Hermann Friedrich Albert von Ihering was born in 1850 in Kiel, Germany, the oldest son of Rudolf von Jhering.
Under the advice of Rudolf Leuckart, Ihering studied medicine at the Giessen, Leipzig, Berlin, and Göttingen universities, working as an assistant at the zoological institute in Göttingen. He concluded his doctoral thesis in Göttingen, with the title Ueber das Wesen der Prognathie und ihr Verlhaeltniss zur Schaedelbasis (On the essence of prognathism and its effect on the base of the skull). He later worked as a Privatdozent for zoology at the Erlangen and Leipzig.
On 26 April 1880, Ihering married a widow, Anna Maria Clara Wolff (born von Bezel), who had a 10-year-old boy, Sebastian Wolff, from her first marriage. The marriage was not approved by Ihering's family and, as a result, he travelled to Brazil soon after. He got his first work at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro, in Rio de Janeiro. However, as he found the climate of Rio de Janeiro too hot, he eventually moved to the city of Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, where he started to collect specimens to send to museums in Germany and to the British Museum. At this time he had two children, Clara and Rodolpho. Later, he had two more, Wilhelm and Ida, but the latter died as a child.
In 1883, Ihering was nominated travelling naturalist of the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro and lived in several cities by the Lagoa dos Patos. He eventually bought an island at the delta of the Camaquã River, which started to be called Ilha do Doutor (Doctor's Island) and lived there for some years. He was naturalized Brazilian in 1885.
Between 1893 and 1894, Ihering helped to found the Museu Paulista, in São Paulo, and became its first director.
In 1901, his son Rodolpho was sent to Europe to study in Heidelberg. However, his other son, Wilhelm, died soon after, being only 16 years old, and his wife Anna became too shaken by the event and died later in the same year. Rodolpho then abandoned his studies and returned to Brazil to help his father.
During a trip to Europe to visit some colleagues in 1907, Ihering met again his first love, Meta Buff, from Gießen, and married her that same year. Later, during World War I, he was accused of nepotism and of selling to the state a stone that was donated to the Museu Paulista. This forced him to leave his job as director of the museum in 1916. He returned to southern Brazil and continued his studies in Santa Catarina, and in 1918 he was invited to occupy the chair of zoology at the University of Córdoba, Argentina. However, he refused the offer and remained in Brazil in order to organize a small museum in Florianópolis. One year after the museum opened, the government reduced his wage to one third, and three months later it was announced that he would not be paid anymore for his job.
In 1920, Ihering returned to Europe, living first in Naples and later returning to Germany. In 1921, he settled with Meta in Büdingen. Meta died in 1928 and Ihering died in 1930, at Gießen, Germany.

## Homage

Several species were named in honor of Ihering, including the following.
* Anisolepis iheringii Boulenger, 1885 (lizard), type species of the genus Anisolepis Boulenger, 1885, but a junior synonym of Anisolepis undulatus (Wiegmann, 1834)
* Brucepattersonius iheringi (Thomas, 1896) (rodent)
* Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger, 1887) (fish)
* Choeradoplana iheringi Graff, 1899 (land planarian)
* Enyalius iheringii Boulenger 1885 (lizard)
* Gastrocopta iheringi (Suter, 1900) (gastropod)
* Grammostola iheringi Keyserling, 1891 (tarantula)
* Hypostomus hermanni (Ihering, 1905) (catfish, named by his son)
* Myrmotherula iheringi Snethlage, 1914 (antbird)
* Phyllomedusa iheringii Boulenger, 1885 (frog)
* Phalloptychus iheringii (Boulenger, 1889) (fish), junior synonym for Phalloptychus januarius (Hensel, 1868)
* Trinomys iheringi (Thomas, 1911) (Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat)
* Unio iheringi Wright 1898 (freshwater mussel)
* Unionicola iheringi (Koenike, 1890) (water mite)
The peer-reviewed scientific journal Iheringia was also named after him.