OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shitara, Aichi

Shitara (設楽町, Shitara-chō) is a town located in Kitashitara District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the town had an estimated population of 4,531 in 2,133 households, and a population density of 16.5 persons per km². The total area of the town was 273.94 square kilometres (105.77 sq mi).

## Geography

Shitara is located in the extreme northeast corner of Aichi Prefecture. Much of the town’s area is covered by mountains and forest, and portions of the town are within the borders of the Tenryū-Okumikawa Quasi-National Park.

### Neighboring municipalities

Aichi Prefecture
* Shinshiro
* Toyota
* Kitashitara District
** Toei
** Toyone
Nagano Prefecture
* Shimoina District
** Neba

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Shitara has decreased drastically and is only a third of what it was 60 years ago.

### Climate

The town has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters (Köppen climate classification Cfa). The average annual temperature in Shitara is 11.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2310 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.6 °C, and lowest in January, at around 0.3 °C.

## History

During the Edo period, most of present Shitara was tenryō territory under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration, the area was organized into several villages within Kitashitara District with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. Taguchi Village, the site of the district administrative office, was elevated to town status on October 10, 1900. The town of Shitara was established on September 30, 1956 through the merger of Taguchi with the neighboring villages of Damine, Nagura and Furikusa. The village of Tsugu was also formed on the same day through the merger of Kamitsugu and Shimotsugu villages. Shitara and Tsugu merged on October 1, 2005.

## Economy

The primary industry of Shitara is agriculture, with rice, tomatoes, cabbage and daikon as the main crops. Production of hydroelectric power generation is also a major contributor to the local economy.

## Education

Shitara has five public elementary schools and two public junior high schools operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Aichi Prefectural Board of Education.

### Primary schools

* Damine Primary School
* Nagura Primary School
* Seirei Primary School
* Taguchi Primary School
* Tsugu Primary School

### Junior High schools

* Shitara Junior High School
* Tsugu Junior High School

### High schools

* Taguchi High School

### Foreign Exchange Program

* South Middle School (Arlington Heights, IL, USA)
* Thomas Middle School (Arlington Heights, IL, USA)

## Transportation
### Railway

Shitara does not have any passenger railway services.

### Highway

* National Route 257
* National Route 420
* National Route 473

## Local attractions

* Damine Castle (田峯城) – ruins of a Sengoku period castle
* Kurabune Ruins (鞍船遺跡) – Jōmon period archaeological site excavated in 1922
* Soezawa Onsen - hot spring resort

## Notable people from Shitara

* Mitsuzo Sasaki, author
# Suzanne Carrell

Suzanne Carrell (March 6, 1923 – April 21, 2019) was an American educator and recipient of the awards of the Order of Academic Palms, the Legion of Honor, and the National Order of Merit in honor for her service to France. She was the co-founder of the Jacksonville, Florida chapter of the Alliance Française and was a key member of the Congress of French Culture in Florida, based in Orlando.

## Early life and education

Carrell was born in Albi, France in 1923. After the Second World War, she studied at the University of Algiers, where she graduated with a Master's degree in foreign language and the humanities. In 1954, she became an instructor at Jacksonville University after moving to the city with her husband, who was an American Army captain.

## Career

In 1961, Carrell co-founded a local chapter of the Alliance Française in Jacksonville. By the following year, she facilitated the relocation of the existing Congress of French Culture in Florida to the Jacksonville University campus, where it would remain for several years. Carrell continued her work as the university expanded until, in 1974, she was finally granted the opportunity to head a new department devoted entirely to the study of the French language.
For its duration between 1980 and 1986, Carrell was an active promoter of the sister city program between Jacksonville and Nantes. As part of this promotion, a scholarship was made available by the French government through the Congress of French Culture, la Bourse Suzanne Carrell, that made it possible for meritorious students of French to spend a summer studying in France.
After her retirement in 1989, Carrell continued to be an active member in all of her organizations and was highly praised for her work in strengthening the cultural ties between the United States and France.

## Awards and recognition

In 1967, Carrell was decreed a Knight of the Order of Academic Palms.
In 1980, a scholarship open to participants of Congress of French Culture in Florida was established in her name and continues to this day.
In 2002, Carrell was awarded the French Legion of Honor by then-President Jacques Chirac.
In 2012, Carrell was awarded the National Order of Merit by the Consul General of France Gaël de Maisonneuve.
# Metcalfa pruinosa

Metcalfa pruinosa, the citrus flatid planthopper, is a species of insect in the Flatidae family of planthoppers first described by Thomas Say in 1830.

## Subspecies

* Metcalfa pruinosa cubana (Metcalf & Bruner, 1948)

## Distribution

The species is native to North America (Nearctic realm), but it is today found throughout Europe (Austria, Britain, France, Spain, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia, Poland, Switzerland, and Moldova), in the Neotropical realm and in South Korea.

## Description

Adults of Metcalfa pruinosa can reach a length of 5.5–8 millimetres (7⁄32–5⁄16 in) and a width of 2–3 millimetres (5⁄64–1⁄8 in) at the widest point. They are initially whitish. The color of adults may vary from brown to gray, in connection with the presence of a bluish white epicuticular wax, covering especially the nymphs. The large and prominent compound eyes are yellow. The mouthparts are adapted for piercing and sucking. The trapezoidal forewings are held vertically, wrapping the body when the insect is at rest. The front wings have veined costal cell and several characteristic whitish spots. The hind tibiae usually have two lateral spines in addition to the other spines at the apex.
Nymphs may reach a length of about 3.2 millimetres (1⁄8 in). Color varies from whitish to light green, with relative large tufts of white wax on the abdomen.

## Behavior and ecological impact

The species is univoltine, producing one generation per year. Adults mate in fall during the night. The females lay about 100 eggs, usually in the bark of host plants. Eggs overwinter, hatching the following spring. The adults are seen mainly in summer and fall, when they feed gregariously on sap. When they feed on sap, they eject excess sugar in the form of honeydew. This attracts bees, which convert it to honey.
As it feeds, it causes serious damage to field crops and ornamental plants. It is polyphagous, feeding on a variety of plant taxa. Host plants include maples, dogwoods, hawthorns, willows, elms, privet, black locust, and elder. It lives on crop plants such as grape, citrus, apricot, peach, blackberry, and raspberry.

## Gallery

* Citrus flatid planthopper larva
* Nymph
* Adults, dorsal view
* Nymph
# MLHLND

MLHLND is the stage name of Australian singer, songwriter, music producer and fashion photographer Max Wilkinson.

## Career
### Solo and Die For You (2008–2013)

In 2008 after posting original tracks to Myspace, Wilkinson was scouted by Trevor Steel and Chris Johns of Sunday Morning Records to play lead guitar for the newly formed electro-pop band Die For You. In 2009, Die For You embarked on the nationwide Stack Is The New Black Tour supporting Australian pop-punk act Short Stack.

### MLHLND (2014–present)

In 2013, Wilkinson began work on a new project in New York City with Autre Ne Veut producer Joel Ford. Returning to Australia as MLHLND, Wilkinson quickly signed a record deal with Personal Best Records and began releasing music. In October 2014, MLHLND released "Pretty", a soft single, to introduce himself as an artist and tease the upcoming release of his debut single.
MLHLND's debut single "Clothes Off" was released on 28 November 2014 to high critical acclaim. Mike Wass of Idolator called the track "a steamy bedroom romp", comparing MLHLND to an 80's Prince as he "really occupies an entirely new space with his dreamy synths, R&B-influenced vocal style and bold pop sensibility". Nic Kelly of EMI called the track "stunning", dubbing MLHLND "Australian pop's newest forward thinker". The single also gained commercial success, gathering over 200,000 plays on Spotify.
After his debut performance in 2015 at annual outdoor lighting festival Vivid Sydney, MLHLND continued releasing new music. To online and radio success, MLHLND released his debut EP Twenty First Century Love, Vol. I on 1 April 2016 exploring themes of love, lust and heartbreak. The single "Pure" was released off of Twenty First Century Love, Vol. I to online success, with a risque video of couples seen passionately kissing. "Closer", gained over 100,000 streams on Spotify.
Twenty First Century Love, Vol. II was released on 26 August 2016 with the single "Non Stop". Triple J's Dave Ruby Howard reviewed the lead single, stating "to borrow from Tracy Morgan, somebody's gonna get pregnant somewhere while this is on." MLHLND followed up the success of "Non Stop" with the single "Twenty First Century Love" being released on 5 May 2017. "Twenty First Century Love" has been featured in Season 12, Episode 15 of Germany's Next Top Model.

### Fashion photography (2016–present)

In 2015, MLHLND began work extending his creative portfolio as a fashion photographer, having been featured in print publications Sticks & Stones Agency, Flake Mag, Baltisoul and Last Daze.

## Discography
### Singles

* "Clothes Off" (2014)
* "Pure" (2016)
* "Non Stop" (2016)
* "Twenty First Century Love" (2017)

### EPs

* Twenty First Century Love, Vol. I (2016)
* Twenty First Century Love, Vol. II (2016)
# Nenad Polimac

Nenad Polimac (born 1949) is a Croatian film critic.
Polimac was born in Zagreb. His earliest published writings on film date from 1972. He was a co-founder of the Zagreb-based Film magazine where he served as an editor from 1975 to 1979. From 1978 to 1984 Polimac was a member of the film editorial board of Radiotelevision Zagreb. Since 1990, Polimac worked as an editor and film critic in Globus and Nacional weeklies. For a period of 11 months, between 2008 and 2009, he served as an editor-in-chief of Globus. As of 2010, Polimac wrote for Europapress Holding publications and worked as an editor and essay writer in Gordogan, a cultural magazine.
Polimac was, with Jurica Pavičić, one of two Croatian film critics who participated in the British Film Institute's Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time poll in 2012.
# Giuseppe Gandolfo

Giuseppe Gandolfo (28 August 1792 – 13 September 1855) was an Italian painter, active mainly in Sicily in a Neoclassical style.
Born in Catania, Sicily, he moved to Rome to study under Giuseppe Errante, then briefly moved to Florence to work under Pietro Benvenuti. In Florence, he made a number of copies of classic works. Among his own designs were a Diogenes, Holy Family, Apollo plays his lyre, Mary Magdalen, and a Telemachus, Agamemnon and Idomeneo. He was also prized for portraits.
# Scarto

Scarto is a three player trick-taking tarot card game from Piedmont, Italy. It is a simple tarot game which can serve as an introduction to more complex tarot games. The name comes from the discarded cards that were exchanged with the stock, which is also the origin of the name for the Skat card game.

## Deck

The 78-card Italian suited Tarocco Piemontese is used to play this game but the French suited Tarot Nouveau deck can be a substitute. The deck should contain 56 cards divided into four suits each with ten ranks of pip cards and four ranks of face cards plus a suit of 21 trumps and one suitless card, the Fool.
The order of the long (swords and batons) or black (spades and clubs) suits goes from King, Queen, Cavalier, Jack, 10 ... 1 while the round (cups and coins) or red suits (hearts and diamonds) goes from King, Queen, Cavalier, Jack, 1 ... 10. Trump 20 also outranks 21 as in most Piedmontese tarocchi games.
Card Points:
* Kings and Trumps 1 and 20: 5 points
* Queens and the Fool: 4 points
* Cavaliers (Knights): 3 points
* Knaves (Jacks): 2 points
* All others: 1 point

## Rules

The dealer hands everyone 25 cards with three remaining cards as the stock. The dealer can exchange cards with the stock. The discarded cards (scarto) will join his trick pile. The dealer cannot discard any card worth 5 points or the Fool. Trump 1 can be discarded if the dealer has no other trump (including the Fool).
Play is counter-clockwise; the player to the right of the dealer leads the first trick. Players must follow suit otherwise they must play a trump if possible. The winner of each trick leads to the next until all cards are played.
The Fool can be played at any time. It is not part of any suit but excuses the player from following suit; it cannot win any tricks or be captured. If the Fool leads the trick, the next player's card sets the trick's suit. When using the Fool, the player simply shows the card and puts it in his own trick pile. Unlike in more advanced tarot games, the player does not need to exchange the Fool with a worthless card.
After the hand has been played, the player's trick pile cards are counted in threes. Add up the points in each trick won then subtract 2 points from it. The Fool is counted separately; the player who won the trick that had the Fool should have two remaining cards. An extra point is added to this, then subtract two as usual. There should be 78 points divided between the three players so each player will have to subtract 26 from their total point count to get their game score. The player to the right of the dealer is the next dealer; the game continues until all players have dealt. The loser is the one with the lowest cumulative score and has to pay the winners, traditionally with a drink.
# Utetheisa connerorum

Utetheisa connerorum is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is endemic to the Galapagos archipelago, where it is the most widespread of all Utetheisa species. It has been found on Baltra, Fernandina, Floreana, Genovesa, Isabela, Marchena, Pinta, San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, Santa Fé, and Santiago.
The food plants contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are also stored in the adult moths.
# Lokutu Airport

Lokutu Airport (ICAO: FZIZ) is an airport serving the town of Lokutu in Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Transfer market

The transfer market is the arena in which football players are available for transfer to clubs.
The transfer market consists of a list of players available for transfer, and also the money moving between clubs as they contest to purchase and sell these players. For example, a club may be described as having "money to spend on the transfer market." or the market may be described in similar ways to the stock market. The European transfer market is open between the end of the season and 31 August, and again for a short period in midwinter, the 'transfer window'. During the transfer window clubs buy replacements for players who have suffered injuries or strengthen their squads in preparation either for an attempt to advance in a tournament or in anticipation of an upcoming struggle against relegation.

## Transfer list

If a player is "put on the transfer list", the club which owns the player has indicated his availability. Other clubs are then able to approach the owning club to bid for the player in an attempt to sign him. Though clubs can approach other clubs to put in a bid for a player, they know that a player on the 'transfer list' can be purchased for a more reasonable price as the club are willing to sell the player.
The Professional Footballers' Association operates an unofficial transfer list for its members previously based in England in an attempt to help them find work after being released or 'transfer listed' by their clubs. Financial pressures placed on lower league clubs have led to an increase in the number of PFA members being out of work.

## Transfer request

A player may make a "transfer request," to leave their club before the end of their contract. In this case, the player is publicly stating his desire to move, and encouraging other clubs to make an offer for him. Due to the public nature of transfer requests, they are often used by players to air their grievances, such as frustration over contract negotiations or a clash of personality with the manager. A player may remove their request if the source of unhappiness is resolved. The club can also reject a transfer request, effectively stating their intention to reject any offer for that player.
Since the Bosman court cases, players can leave their club at the end of their contract without having to pay a fee. The effect of rejecting a transfer request has thus been weakened. Clubs are more inclined to sell the player in order to recoup some money, even if they do not wish to let the player go.
Some players have a buyout clause in their contract, enabling them to leave their club by paying the amount stipulated in the clause. This type of clause is mandatory in some countries, such as Spain. This type of clause makes a transfer request unnecessary.
# Methanobacteriota

Methanobacteriota is a proposed phylum in the domain Archaea.

## Taxonomy

The phylum Methanobacteriota was introduced to prokaryotic nomenclature in 2023. It contains following classes:
* Archaeoglobi Garrity & Holt (2002)
* Halobacteria Grant et al. (2002)
* Methanobacteria Boone (2002) (contains type genus Methanobacterium)
* Methanococci Boone (2002)
* Methanonatronarchaeia Sorokin et al. (2018)
* Methanopyri Garrity & Holt (2002)
* Methanosarcinia Chuvochina et al. (2024)
* Thermococci Zillig & Reysenbach (2002)
* Thermoplasmata Reysenbach (2002)
# Raupunga

Raupunga is a small settlement in the northern Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand's eastern North Island. It is located close to the country's highest railway bridge, the Mohaka Viaduct, which crosses the Mohaka River. The village has a predominantly Māori population as of the 2018 Census.
The village got running water for the first time in 2017, when a 9 kilometre electric pump system was built from Mangawharangi Stream for $1 million. Until that time, many of the 56 households had got water from buckets.

## Demographics

Maungataniwha-Raupunga statistical area, which includes Mohaka, Kotemaori, Putere and Tuai, covers 2,081.73 km$^2$ (803.76 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,300 as of June 2023, with a population density of 0.62 people per km$^2$.
Maungataniwha-Raupunga had a population of 1,188 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 21 people (1.8%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 54 people (−4.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 405 households, comprising 624 males and 564 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.11 males per female. The median age was 35.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 309 people (26.0%) aged under 15 years, 228 (19.2%) aged 15 to 29, 501 (42.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 147 (12.4%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 50.8% European/Pākehā, 63.1% Māori, 4.5% Pacific peoples, 0.8% Asian, and 1.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 5.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 39.1% had no religion, 40.4% were Christian, 11.6% had Māori religious beliefs and 1.0% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 72 (8.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 222 (25.3%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $25,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 84 people (9.6%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 426 (48.5%) people were employed full-time, 138 (15.7%) were part-time, and 57 (6.5%) were unemployed.

## Marae

Raupunga includes a number of marae (meeting grounds) and wharenui (meeting houses) for the local iwi (tribe) of Ngāti Kahungunu and its hapū (sub-tribes):
* Kurahikakawa Marae, affiliated with Ngāti Pāhauwera hapū, and Ngāti Pāhauwera iwi.
* Rangiāhua marae and Te Poho o Tamaterangi wharenui, affiliated with Ngāi Tamaterangi hapū.
* Raupunga Marae and Te Huki wharenui, affiliated with Ngāti Pāhauwera hapū.
In October 2020, the Government committed $1,949,075 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Rangiāhua, Raupunga and 22 other Ngāti Kahungunu marae. The funding was expected to create 164 jobs.
# Sotto una pioggia di parole

Sotto una pioggia di parole (en: Under a Rain of Words) is the third studio album by Italian Pop duo Zero Assoluto. The album was released in June 2009, in Italy. It was certified gold by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry, for domestic sales exceeding 30,000 units.

## Singles

* The debut single is Per dimenticare, released in May 2009. The single subsequently became a commercial and broadcast success in Italy.

## Track list

* "Sotto una pioggia di parole" – 3:21
* "Grazie" – 2:52
* "Volano i pensieri" – 3:40
* "Per dimenticare" – 3:34
* "Ripensandoci" – 3:21
* "L'infinito è dietro di lei" – 3:00
* "Roma (che non sorridi quasi mai)" – 4:06
* "Cos'è normale" – 3:22
* "Non guardarmi così"
* "Come la fortuna"
# Adam de Colone

Adam de Colone, or Adam Louisz. de Colonia (c. 1572 in Antwerp – buried 19 August 1651 in Rotterdam), was a Dutch Golden Age painter active in Scotland during the reigns of James VI and I and Charles I of England.

## Biography

It has been assumed that Adam was the son of the King's Painter in Scotland, Adriaen van Sonne (Vanson) and his wife Susanna de Colonia. However, more recent research reveals, according to the Netherlands Institute for Art History, that Adam was the brother of Susanna de Colonia, and they were the children of an Antwerp saddle maker Louis Jansz Colonia. Adam painted under the name Adam de Colonia in Rotterdam in the 1630s. Accordingly, Adrian Vanson, court painter to James VI, was Adam's brother-in-law. Adrian was originally from the Netherlands though all his children were born in Edinburgh.
Adam is presumed to have studied in the Low Countries, in 1598 he joined the guild in Dordrecht, and was presumably already active as a painter in 1593 in Rotterdam when he married. He was father of the painter Isaac Colonia (1611-1663) and grandfather of Adam Colonia (1634-1685). He moved to London in 1622 and settled in Scotland in 1624. Working at the Court in Whitehall he painted at least two full-length portraits of James VI in 1623, and many of the Scottish nobility. He was paid for London portraits by James I in 1623. (It is unclear if Adam joined his sister in Edinburgh before 1620.)
The earliest portrait of a Scottish sitter recognized as Adam's work is dated 1622, though his portrait of Sir William Stewart of Grandtully (1567-1646) is dated 1613. Most of his works have painted inscriptions showing distinctively shaped letters and numerals. A record of payments in 1628 by George Seton, 3rd Earl of Winton for portraits is preserved;
   Item gevine to Adame the painter for my Lord Errol, my Lady Hay, and James Maxwells portraits, 86 lib. 13b s. 4 d. Item, gevine to Adame the painter for my aune portraitte gevine to my sister (Isobel Seton), 40 lib.
The Copenhagen Museum displays a picture by him of 'Noah building the Ark'; and the Lille Museum has 'The Angel appearing to the Shepherds' attributed to him.