# Vertigo (gastropod)

Vertigo is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

## Description

Snails in the genus Vertigo have no oral tentacles, thus they have only one pair of tentacles.
The jaw is arched; the ends squarely truncated; the anterior surface striate; the cutting edge with a median projection. The radula has a central tooth that is almost square, tricuspid, as large as or larger than the lateral teeth, which are similar, narrower, and bi- or tricuspid. The marginal teeth are low, wide and serrated.

### Shell

The shell is deeply rimate and ovate. The apex is acuminate and obtuse. The shell has 5–6 whorls. The last whorl is rounded. The aperture is semioval with 4 to 7 folds. The peristome is scarcely expanded and white-lipped.

## Distribution

The distribution of the genus Vertigo includes Europe, northern Asia, eastern Asia, Japan, Central and North America, Caribbean and the Bermudas.

## Species

Species in the genus Vertigo include:
* Vertigo alabamensis G. Clapp, 1915 – Alabama Vertigo
* Vertigo alpestris Alder, 1838 – tundra vertigo
* † Vertigo angulifera O. Boettger, 1884
* Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830 – Narrow-mouthed Whorl Snail
* †Vertigo antipygmaea Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2018
* Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801)
* Vertigo arctica (Wallenberg, 1858)
* † Vertigo arenula (C. A. White, 1876)
* Vertigo arizonensis Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1900
* Vertigo arthuri Von Martens, 1882
* †Vertigo atavuncula (C. A. White, 1883)
* † Vertigo bakonyensis Kókay, 2006
* Vertigo bandulana (Connolly, 1922)
* † Vertigo bella Y.-T. Li, 1986
* Vertigo beringia Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
* Vertigo bermudensis Pilsbry, 1919
* Vertigo berryi Pilsbry, 1919
* † Vertigo bicolumellata Steklov in Steklov & Tsytovich, 1967
* † Vertigo bifida (Deshayes, 1863)
* Vertigo binneyana Sterki, 1890
* Vertigo bisulcata (Jickeli, 1873)
* Vertigo bollesiana (Morse, 1865) – Delicate vertigo snail
* † Vertigo brusinai De Stefani, 1880
* Vertigo calamitosa (Pilsbry, 1889)
* Vertigo californica (Rowell, 1862)
* † Vertigo callosa Reuss in Reuss & Meyer, 1849
* Vertigo catalinaria (Sterki, 1890)
* Vertigo chiricahuensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
* Vertigo chytryi Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
* † Vertigo cianfanellianus (Manganelli, Benocci, Esu & Fo. Giusti, 2008)
* Vertigo circumlabiata Schileyko, 1984
* Vertigo clappi Brooks & G. R. Hunt, 1936
* Vertigo clementina (Sterki, 1890)
* Vertigo coloradensis (Cockerell, 1891)
* Vertigo columbiana Sterki, 1892
* Vertigo congoensis (Dartevelle, 1952)
* † Vertigo consteniusi Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
* Vertigo conecuhensis G. Clapp, 1915: synonym of Vertigo alabamensis G. H. Clapp, 1915
* Vertigo cristata (Sterki, 1919)
* Vertigo cupressicola Sterki, 1919
* Vertigo dalliana (Sterki, 1890)
* Vertigo dedecora (Pilsbry, 1902)
* † Vertigo defranceii (Brongniart, 1810)
* Vertigo diegoensis (Sterki, 1890)
* † Vertigo diversidens (Sandberger, 1872)
* † Vertigo doliara Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
* † Vertigo douvillei de Morgan, 1920
* † Vertigo elsheimensis O. Boettger, 1889
* Vertigo eogea Pilsbry, 1919
** Vertigo eogea stagnalis Kuroda, 1941
* Vertigo extima (Westerlund, 1877)
* Vertigo farquhari (Pilsbry, 1917)
* Vertigo genesii (Gredler, 1856) – Round-mouthed Whorl Snail
* Vertigo genesioides Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
* Vertigo geyeri Lindholm, 1925
* Vertigo gittenbergeri (Hausdorf, 2008)
* † Vertigo globosa Sacco, 1886
* Vertigo gouldii (Binney, 1843)
* Vertigo griqualandica (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1893)
* Vertigo hannai Pilsbry, 1919
* † Vertigo hauchecornei Klebs, 1886
* Vertigo hebardi Vanetta, 1912
* Vertigo hemphilli (Sterki, 1890)
* † Vertigo hibbardi F. C. Baker, 1938
* Vertigo hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1921
* Vertigo hirasei Pilsbry, 1901
* † Vertigo hohenstaufenorum Schlickum & Geissert, 1980
* Vertigo hydrophila (Reinhardt, 1877)
* Vertigo idahoensis Pilsbry, 1934
* Vertigo inserta Pilsbry, 1919
* Vertigo japonica Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
* † Vertigo kochi O. Boettger, 1889
* Vertigo kodamai Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
* † Vertigo kroloppi Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
* † Vertigo kuenowii Klebs, 1886
* Vertigo kurilensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
* Vertigo kushiroensis Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905
** Vertigo kushiroensis botanicorum Horsak & Pokryszko, 2010
* † Vertigo likharevi Prysjazhnjuk, 1978
* Vertigo lilljeborgi (Westerlund, 1871)
* † Vertigo lozeki Schlickum & Puisségur, 1978
* † Vertigo luminosa Y.-T. Li, 1986
* Vertigo malleata Coles & Nekola, 2007
* † Vertigo manchurica K. Suzuki, 194
* Vertigo marciae Nekola & Rosenberg, 2013
* Vertigo marki Gulick, 1904
* † Vertigo maxillosa Schütt, 1994
* Vertigo meramecensis A. S. Van Devender, 1979
* † Vertigo micra Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
* Vertigo microsphaera Schileyko, 1984
* Vertigo milium (Gould, 1840) – Blade Vertigo
* † Vertigo milleri Gottschick & Wenz, 1919
* † Vertigo minor O. Boettger, 1870
* Vertigo modesta (Say, 1824) – cross vertigo
* †Vertigo moedlingensis Wenz & Edlauer, 1942
* † Vertigo moenana Zinndorf, 1901
* † Vertigo moldavica Prisyazhnyuk, 1973
* Vertigo morsei Sterki, 1894
* † Vertigo mostrata Y.-T. Li, 1986
* Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849) – Desmoulin's whorl snail
* † Vertigo myrmido Michaud, 1855
* Vertigo nangaparbatensis Pokryszko & Hlaváč, 2009
* Vertigo nitidula (Mousson, 1876)
* † Vertigo nouleti Michaud, 1862
* Vertigo numellata Gulick, 1904
* Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, 1909
* † Vertigo obesa Y.-T. Li, 1986
* Vertigo occidentalis Sterki, 1907
* † Vertigo ocsensis (Halaváts, 1903)
* Vertigo okinoerabuensis Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
* † Vertigo olchonica Popova & Schileyko, 1981
* Vertigo oralis Sterki, 1890 – Palmetto Vertigo
* Vertigo oscariana Sterki, 1890 – Capital Vertigo
* Vertigo oughtoni Pilsbry, 1948
* Vertigo ovata (Say, 1822) – ovate vertigo
* † Vertigo ovatula (Sandberger, 1875)
* † Vertigo pageti Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
* † Vertigo palangula (De Boissy, 1848)
* † Vertigo pandei Bhatia & Mathur, 1971
* Vertigo parcedentata (A. Braun, 1847)
* Vertigo parvula Sterki, 1890
* Vertigo perryi Sterki, 1905
* Vertigo pimuensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
* Vertigo pisewensis Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
* † Vertigo pontileviensis de Morgan, 1920
* † Vertigo praecoquis Russell, 1956
* † Vertigo praepusilla Prysjazhnjuk, 1978
* † Vertigo protracta (Sandberger, 1875)
* † Vertigo pseudoantivertigo Paladilhe, 1873
* Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954
* Vertigo pusilla O. F. Müller, 1774 – type species
* Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801) – crested vertigo
* Vertigo ronnebyensis (Westerlund, 1871)
* Vertigo rowellii (Newcomb, 1860)
* Vertigo rugosula Sterki, 1890 – Striate Vertigo
* Vertigo sandbergeri Wenz, 1923 †
* Vertigo seminulum (R. T. Lowe, 1852)
* Vertigo sterkii Pilsbry, 1919
* Vertigo substriata (Jeffreys, 1833)
* Vertigo superstriata Pokryszko & Auffenberg, 2009
* † Vertigo tembrockae Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
* Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht, 1961
* † Vertigo tewarii Bhatia & Mathur, 1971
* Vertigo torrei Aguayo & Jaume, 1934
* Vertigo tridentata Wolf, 1870
* Vertigo trinotata (Sterki, 1890)
* † Vertigo trolli Wenz in K. Fischer & Wenz, 1914
* † Vertigo tuchoricensis Pilsbry in Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1919
* † Vertigo turonica de Morgan, 1920
* Vertigo ultima Pilsbry, 1919
* Vertigo ultimathule Proschwitz, 2007
* † Vertigo uncata Steklov, 1967
* Vertigo utahensis Sterki, 1892
* † Vertigo vectiensis L. R. Cox, 1924
* Vertigo ventricosa (E. S. Morse, 1865)
* † Vertigo vracevicensis Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2017
* † Vertigo whitei Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992

### Synonyms

* Vertigo concinnula (Roscoe and Roscoe, 1955) – Mitered vertigo: synonym of Vertigo modesta concinnula Cockerell, 1897
* Vertigo cubana Crosse, 1890: synonym of Lyropupa cubana (Dall, 1890)
* Vertigo elatior (Brooks, 1936) – tapered vertigo: synonym of Vertigo ventricosa (Morse, 1865)
* † Vertigo flexidens (Reuss, 1861): synonym of † Ptychalaea flexidens (Reuss, 1861)
* Vertigo hachijoensis Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Vertigo kushiroensis hachijoensis Pilsbry, 1919
* Vertigo heldi Clessin, 1877: synonym of Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801)
* Vertigo hubrichti Pilsbry, 1934: synonym of Vertigo arthuri E. von Martens, 1882
* † Vertigo interferens (Deshayes, 1863) : synonym of † Ovicarychium interferens (Deshayes, 1863)
* † Vertigo mystica (Stworzewicz & Pokryszko, 2015): synonym of † Ptychalaea mystica Stworzewicz & B.M. Pokryszko, 2015
* Vertigo neglecta Arango in Poey, 1856: synonym of Vertigo ovata Say, 1822
* Vertigo occulta Vanetta, 1912: synonym of Vertigo arthuri E. von Martens, 1882
* †Vertigo paradoxa Sterki in Pilsbry, 1900: synonym of Vertigo arthuri E. von Martens, 1882
* Vertigo shimochii Kuroda & Amano, 1960: synonym of Gastrocopta servilis (A. Gould, 1843)
* Vertigo sieversi (O. Boettger, 1879): synonym of Vertigo nitidula (Mousson, 1876)