OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Udo Uibo

Udo Uibo (born 5 May 1956 in Viljandi) is an Estonian literary critic, editor, translator and lexicographer.
From 1997 until 2005, he was the chief editor of Looming.
In 2001, he was awarded with Order of the White Star, V class.
# Æthelric (bishop of Sherborne)

Æthelric (or Athelric) was a medieval Bishop of Sherborne.
Æthelric was consecrated in 1002. He died between 1011 and 1012.

## Citations

* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 222
# John Dyer (14th-century MP)

John Dyer (died after 1403) was a cloth merchant and member of the Parliament of England for the constituency of Maldon in Essex in the parliaments of April 1384 and February 1388. He was also wardman of Maldon in 1385–1387, assessor of taxes in 1387–1390, and warden of leather in 1395–96.
# John Garrard (disambiguation)

John Garrard (c. 1546–1625) was a merchant and Lord Mayor of London for 1602–03.
John Garrard may also refer to:
* Sir John Garrard, 1st Baronet (c. 1590–1637), of the Garrard baronets
* Sir John Garrard, 2nd Baronet (died 1686), of the Garrard baronets
* Sir John Garrard, 3rd Baronet (1638–1701), member of parliament for Amersham and Ludgershall
# Estevan Regional Aerodrome

Estevan Regional Aerodrome (IATA: YEN, ICAO: CYEN) is an aerodrome located 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) north of Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada.
# Euborellia

Euborellia is a genus of earwigs in the subfamily Anisolabidinae. This genus, which has a world-wide distribution, was erected by Malcolm Burr in 1909 and was cited by Srivastava in Part 2 of Fauna of India.

## Species

Species of these, relatively small, dark-coloured earwigs can be difficult to distinguish from one another. The Dermaptera Species File lists:
* Euborellia abbreviata Srivastava, 1977
* Euborellia andreinii (Borelli, 1908)
* Euborellia angustata Kočárek, 2011
* Euborellia annandalei (Burr, 1906)
* Euborellia annulipes (Lucas, 1847)
* Euborellia aporonoma (Borelli, 1909)
* Euborellia arcanum Matzke & Kočárek, 2015
* Euborellia armata (Borelli, 1906)
* Euborellia boliviana Brindle, 1971
* Euborellia brasiliensis (Borelli, 1912)
* Euborellia brunneri (Dohrn, 1864)
* Euborellia burmensis Srivastava, 1984
* Euborellia caraibea Hebard, 1921
* Euborellia cincticollis (Gerstaecker, 1883)
* Euborellia compressa (Borelli, 1907)
* Euborellia dattai Srivastava, 1977
* Euborellia dimidiata Brindle, 1978
* Euborellia eteronoma (Borelli, 1909)
* Euborellia feae (Borelli, 1907)
* Euborellia femoralis (Dohrn, 1863)
* Euborellia flava Steinmann, 1981
* Euborellia flavipes Moreira, 1931
* Euborellia flavohumeralis Brindle, 1978
* Euborellia fulviceps Borelli, 1921
* Euborellia inermis Moreira, 1931
* Euborellia insulana (Borelli, 1912)
* Euborellia ituriensis Brindle, 1978
* Euborellia janeirensis (Dohrn, 1864)
* Euborellia jeekeli Srivastava, 1985
* Euborellia lata Anisyutkin, 1998
* Euborellia malgacha Brindle, 1966
* Euborellia manipurensis Srivastava, 1975
* Euborellia mexicana Brindle, 1971
* Euborellia mindanoensis Srivastava, 1999
* Euborellia moesta (Géné, 1837) - type species (as Forficula moesta Géné)
* Euborellia mystica (Steinmann, 1979)
* Euborellia nigropicea (Borelli, 1924)
* Euborellia nitens (Brindle, 1978)
* Euborellia nitida Moreira, 1932
* Euborellia ornata Kočárek, 2011
* Euborellia peregrina (Mjöberg, 1904)
* Euborellia philippinensis Srivastava, 1979
* Euborellia plebeja (Dohrn, 1863)
* Euborellia punctata Borelli, 1927
* Euborellia purpurea (Borelli, 1921)
* Euborellia rajasthanensis Srivastava, 1977
* Euborellia sakaii Steinmann, 1978
* Euborellia sechuana (Bey-Bienko, 1934)
* Euborellia silvestrii (Borelli, 1914)
* Euborellia stali (Dohrn, 1864)
* Euborellia tatei Hebard, 1924
* Euborellia tellinii (Borelli, 1908)
* Euborellia tropica Steinmann, 1989
* Euborellia truncata Brindle, 1978
* Euborellia ugandana Brindle, 1978
* Euborellia uruguayensis Brindle, 1971
* Euborellia vanderbildti Rehn, 1936
* Euborellia vernicosa Anisyutkin, 1998
Note: not listed above:
* Euborellia ambigua Borelli, 1905: probably synonym of Anisolabis ambigua Borelli, 1906?
* Euborellia annulata Lucas = Euborellia annulipes (Lucas, 1847)?
* Euborellia pallipes (Shiraki, 1905) synonym of Euborellia plebeja ?
# Eucalyptus clelandiorum

Eucalyptus clelandiorum, commonly known as Cleland's blackbutt is a species of mallet that is endemic to the South West region of Western Australia. It has hard, black, crumbly bark on the lower half of its trunk, smooth bark above, narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, nine or eleven, white flowers and cup-shaped fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus clelandiorum is a mallet that typically grows to a height of 10 m (33 ft) and does not form a lignotuber. It has hard, black, crumbly bark on about the lower half of the trunk, and smooth pale grey to pinkish bark above. The leaves on young plants and on coppice regrowth are glaucous, broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped, up to 80 mm (3.1 in) long and 35 mm (1.4 in) wide. The adult leaves are the same dull greyish green or glaucous on both sides, narrow lance-shaped, 80–155 mm (3.1–6.1 in) long and 9–25 mm (0.35–0.98 in) wide. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven, nine or eleven in leaf axils on a peduncle 6–15 mm (0.24–0.59 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 1–5 mm (0.039–0.197 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) wide and glaucous with a beaked operculum 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long. Flowering mainly occurs from August to November and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped capsule 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) wide on a pedicel 1–6 mm (0.039–0.236 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Cleland's blackbutt was first formally described in 1911 by Joseph Maiden who gave it the name Eucalyptus goniantha var. clelandiorum and published the description in the Journal of the Natural History and Science Society of Western Australia. In 1912, Maiden raised the variety to species status in his book A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus.
The specific epithet (clelandiorum) honours "Mr. A.F. Cleland, Civil Engineer of Kurrawang" and his nephew, "Dr. J. Burton Cleland". (Maiden published the name as Eucalyptus clelandi but indicated that the name honoured two men. The name is therefore corrected to Eucalyptus clelandiorum, in accordance with Article 60.8 of the Shenzhen Code.)

## Distribution

Eucalyptus clelandiorum mostly grows in open woodland from east of Cue to near Lake Biddy in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Great Victoria Desert, Murchison and Yalgoo biogeographic regions of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

This mallet is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Eucalyptus comitae-vallis

Eucalyptus comitae-vallis, commonly known as Comet Vale mallee or Cowcowing mallee,$^{:A2}$ is a mallee that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has rough, flaky to ribbony bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth withish bark above, linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven to eleven, white flowers and barrel-shaped, conical or cup-shaped fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus comitae-vallis is a mallee, rarely a tree, that typically grows to a height of 2 to 7 metres (7 to 23 ft) and forms a lignotuber. The bark is rough, ribbony and grey on the trunks and larger branches then smooth and pinkish grey yellow-green above. Leaves on young plants and coppice regrowth are dull, greyish, 55–80 mm (2.2–3.1 in) long and 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) wide and always have a petiole. Adult leaves are linear to narrow lance-shaped, the same more or less glossy green on both sides, 60–100 mm (2.4–3.9 in) long and 6–15 mm (0.24–0.59 in) wide on a petiole 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven, nine or eleven in leaf axils on a peduncle 6–12 mm (0.24–0.47 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 2–6 mm (0.079–0.236 in) long. Mature buds are cylindrical to narrow pear-shaped, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a rounded to flattened operculum with a short beak. Flowering occurs from February to April and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, barrel-shaped to conical or cup-shaped capsule 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) wide on a pedicel 2–8 mm (0.079–0.315 in) long and with the valves at rim level.

## Taxonomy

Eucalyptus comitae-vallis was first formally described in 1923 by Joseph Maiden from a specimen collected from Comet Vale by John Thomas Jutson. The description was published in Maiden's book, A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus. The specific epithet (comitae-vallis) is the latinised version of the type location.
In 1934, William Blakely described Eucalyptus brachycorys but the name is considered by the Australian Plant Census to be a synonym.

## Distribution

Comet Vale mallee is mainly found between Menzies and Kalgoorlie in the Mid West, Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy-clay-loamy soils in open shrubland.

## Conservation status

This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# John Davey (cricketer)

John George Davey (21 June 1847 – 4 May 1878) was an English cricketer. Davey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm medium pace and who occasionally fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born at Brighton, Sussex.
Davey made his first-class debut for Sussex against Kent at Crystal Palace Park Cricket Ground in 1869, with him making a further appearance against Kent a week later at the Higher Common Ground, Tunbridge Wells. He made two further first-class appearances for Sussex, against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's Cricket Ground in 1867 and Kent at the same venue in 1873. In his four first-class matches for the county, he scored 66 runs at an average of 13.20, with a high score of 32. In 1874, he made his first-class debut for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Nottinghamshire, with him playing a further first-class match for the club against Surrey in 1876. He played one first-class match for England against a combined Kent and Gloucestershire side at the St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury.
He died at the town of his birth on 4 May 1878.
# Çubukköy, Göynük

Çubukköy is a village in the Göynük District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 159 (2021).
# Çubukköy, Mengen

Çubukköy (also: Çubuk) is a village in the Mengen District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 202 (2021).
# Çubuk-1 Dam

The Çubuk-1 Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Çubuk Stream near Çubuk in Ankara Province, Turkey. It is located 12 km north of the center of Ankara and was built to control floods and provide drinking water to the city. Its construction lasted from 1930 to 1936; Mustafa Kemal Atatürk attended its inauguration on November 3, 1936. It was the first concrete dam constructed in Turkey and the first constructed in Ankara, and is recognized by Turkey's Chamber of Civil Engineers as one of the country's top 50 engineering feats. It is owned and maintained by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works and was constructed at a cost of 2.32 million TRY.
The dam is 25 m (82 ft) tall, 900 m (3,000 ft) long and made of 120,000 m$^3$ (4,200,000 cu ft) of concrete. The aggregate for the concrete was derived from volcanic rock in nearby areas. It has a circular axis of 200 m (660 ft) and its arch-like design was used for stability. Hardly used, its reservoir has a normal volume of 1,200 m$^3$ (42,000 cu ft) and surface area of 1 km$^2$ (0.39 sq mi). The dam's reservoir used to be a popular recreational area. Silt accumulation in the reservoir along with raw sewage being dumped upstream halted water supply from the dam in 1994. Since then, efforts have been ongoing to remove the polluted silt from the former reservoir bed. The area behind the dam will also be restored into a park once complete. Before being mostly emptied, the reservoir's elevations above sea level were 906.25 m (2,973.3 ft) at full capacity, 900 m (3,000 ft) at two-thirds capacity and 895 m (2,936 ft) at half.
# Uncovered (TV series)

Uncovered was a British documentary show that was broadcast on Sky One from 6 July 1997 to 26 May 2002.

## Transmissions
### Series

| Series | Start date | End date | Episodes | Location |
| 1 | 6 July 1997 | 24 August 1997 | 8 | Ibiza |
| 2 | 1 February 1998 | 22 March 1998 | 8 | Caribbean |
| 3 | 9 August 1998 | 27 September 1998 | 8 | Greece |
| 4 | 28 February 1999 | 18 April 1999 | 8 | Miami |
| 5 | 19 September 1999 | 7 November 1999 | 8 | Tenerife |
| 6 | 1 October 2000 | 19 November 2000 | 8 | Ibiza |
| 7 | 7 April 2002 | 26 May 2002 | 8 | Australia |

### Specials

| Date | Entitle |
| 24 August 1997 | Ibiza Uncovered Reunion |
| 23 December 1998 | Christmas Uncovered |
| 29 December 2001 | Christmas Parties Uncovered (Part 1) |
| 30 December 2001 | Christmas Parties Uncovered (Part 2) |
# Eucalyptus pantoleuca

Eucalyptus pantoleuca, commonly known as round-leaved gum or Panton River white gum, is a species of small tree that is endemic to the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It has smooth, powdery bark, more or less round adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and conical fruit that are glaucous at first.

## Description

Eucalyptus pantoleuca is an often straggly tree that typically grows to a height of 5–12 m (16–39 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, powdery white bark that is pale pink to pale orange when new. Young plants and coppice regrowth have stems that are more or less square in cross-section with a wing on each corner and more or less round leaves 95–150 mm (3.7–5.9 in) long and 100–155 mm (3.9–6.1 in) wide arranged in opposite pairs. Adult leaves are also arranged in opposite pairs, more or less round, triangular or egg-shaped, the same shade of dull, glaucous green on both sides, 90–150 mm (3.5–5.9 in) long and 70–160 mm (2.8–6.3 in) wide on a flattened petiole 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of three on an unbranched peduncle 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long, the individual buds sessile or on very short pedicels. Mature buds are oval to spindle-shaped, glaucous, 14–25 mm (0.55–0.98 in) long and 13–22 mm (0.51–0.87 in) wide with a rounded operculum. Flowering occurs in July or November and the flowers are white or yellow. The fruit is a woody, conical capsule that is glaucous at first, 9–15 mm (0.35–0.59 in) long and 15–24 mm (0.59–0.94 in) wide with the valves protruding strongly.

## Taxonomy

Eucalyptus pantoleuca was first described in 2000 by Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill in the journal Telopea from material Johnson collected near 'Tableland' homestead in 1967. The specific epithet (pantoleuca) is from ancient Greek meaning "entirely white".

## Distribution and habitat

Round-leaved gum is found along creeks and on hillsides in the Kimberley region of Western Australia where it grows in sandy-loam alluvial soils in low-lying areas or gentle slopes.

## Conservation status

This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Ulcers in Executive Monkeys

Ulcers in Executive Monkeys was a study into the effects of stress, published in 1958 in Scientific American by Joseph V. Brady.

## Method of the experiment

In an early version of the study, Brady placed monkeys in 'restraining chairs' and conditioned them to press a lever. They were given electric shocks every 20 seconds unless they pressed the lever during the same time period. This study came to an abrupt halt when many of the monkeys died from perforated ulcers.
To test this Brady used a yoked control monkey. He placed an 'Executive Monkey' in the restraining chair, which could press the lever to prevent the electric shock. The yoked monkey had no control over the lever, leaving only the 'Executive' with the psychological stress of pushing the lever.

## Results

After 23 days of a continuous 6 hours on, 6 hours off schedule of electric shocks, the executive monkey died. Brady then tried various schedules, but no monkeys died from this. He then returned to the original 6 on, 6 off, and tested the stomachs of the Executives and found that their stomach acidity was greatest during the rest period.
The greatest danger occurred when the sympathetic arousal stopped and the stomach was flooded with digestive hormones. This was a parasympathetic rebound associated with the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which led to the development of ulcers in the Executive monkeys.
In all the variations of the experiment, no yoked control monkey ever developed an ulcer. This suggests that the ulcers were a symptom of the excessive stress induced by having control. Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome proposes a similar effect in the Exhaustion phase.
# Zémidjan

A zémidjan (or zem) is a type of taxi found in Benin. The highest concentration is found in the largest city, Cotonou, where there are an estimated 72,000. Zémidjans are motorcycles that carry one to two passengers for short distances in towns. The fares are entirely negotiable. The drivers wear uniforms that are color-coded by city and have registration numbers on the back. The name derives from the Fon language, in which zémidjan means "get me there fast" or "take me quickly".
Would-be passengers summon a zémidjan by calling "kekeno", a word derived from the Fon language. 'Keke' means motorcycle and 'no' means the 'owner of': kekeno thus literally means 'owner of motorcycle'. The zémidjan typically stops by and the passenger and driver negotiate the price, depending on the final destination. The minimum rate is 100FCFA.
A movie called Dreamcycles by Nelson Roubert was made about the kekenos of Tevisodji Park.
# Ragnhild Fredriksen

Ragnhild Fredriksen (September 29, 1882 – December 15, 1963) was a Norwegian stage actress.

## Family

Ragnhild Fredriksen was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway, as the daughter of the police officer Carl Fredriksen (1847–1902) and Maren Gustava Gulliksen (1848–1924). She was the sister of the actress Hilda Fredriksen (1873–1945). She married the actor Ingolf Schanche in 1905 in Kristiania.

## Career

Ragnhild Fredriksen debuted on February 2, 1902, at the Central Theater in the play Ungdomsleg. She was engaged at the Central Theater until 1903. She started performing at the Fahlstrøm Theater when it opened on August 22, 1903.

## Selected roles

* The young girl in Ungdomsleg by Frederik Leth Hansen (Central Theater, 1902)
* Natasha in The Lower Depths (Norwegian title: Nattasylet) by Maxim Gorky (Fahlstrøm Theater, 1905)
# Ragnhild Grågås

Ragnhild Grågås (died 1510) was a 15th century resident of Stockholm, Sweden. She was the person after whom Gåsgränd in Gamla stan was named.

## History

Grågås was the centre of a court case. On 23 June 1477, she and her daughter were accused by Sigrid, the wife of Jens Bok, of having had sexual intercourse with her husband. This was regarded as indirect incest according to contemporary law and was a serious crime punishable by death. The court, however, dismissed the charges, as Grågås and her daughter had already previously been accused of the same crime, and already been acquitted of it. Instead, Sigrid was sentenced to banishment from the capital for slander. The sentence was revoked after Grågås and her daughter asked for mercy for Sigrid.
Grågås's will is known from 1513, and she is regarded to have died a few years prior. Grågås's spouse owned property at Gåsgränd, which she later came to own herself. The case against Grågås apparently attracted a lot of attention in contemporary Stockholm, and the location was already called Gåsgränd prior her death.
# Émile Marchoux

Émile Marchoux (24 March 1862 – 19 August 1943) was a French physician and biologist born in Saint-Amant-de-Boixe, Charente.
He studied medicine in Paris, defending his doctorate with a dissertation titled Histoire des épidémies de fièvre typhoïde dans les troupes de marine à Lorient (1887). From 1888 to 1900 he served as a naval doctor in Dahomey, afterwards being responsible for vaccination services in Cochin (1890–1893). In 1893 he began taking microbiology classes at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where he studied the anthrax bacterium in the laboratory of Emile Roux (1853–1933). From 1895 he was based in Saint-Louis, Senegal, where he established a laboratory of microbiology, subsequently dealing with an epidemic involving amoebic dysentery. During his stay in Senegal he published an influential account of malaria that was published in the Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (1897).
From 1901 to 1905, Marchoux worked with Paul-Louis Simond (1858–1947) and Alexandre Salimbeni (1867–1942) in Brazil researching yellow fever. Here the three scientists were successful in eradicating the yellow fever epidemic from Rio de Janeiro. With Salimbeni, he conducted a detailed study of avian spirochaetosis, providing a description on its mode of transmission.
In 1905 he was appointed head of "tropical microbiology" at the Pasteur Institute, and in 1908 he was co-founder of the Société de pathologie exotique with Alphonse Laveran (1845–1922) and Félix Mesnil (1868–1938). In 1922 he was named chairman of the "malaria commission" to the Société de pathologie exotique.
Marchoux is remembered today for providing prophylaxis and humanitarian treatment in his dealings with leprosy and those with the disease. In 1919 he organized under the aegis of the Pavillon colonial de l'Institut Pasteur, a counseling service for tropical diseases, with a special service reserved for people with leprosy. In 1931 with F. Sorel he founded the Institut Central de la Lèpre in Bamako, renamed the Institut Marchoux de Bamako in his honor following his death. In 1923 at Strasbourg he was elected chair of the International Leprosy Congress, afterwards being named president of the International Association of Leprosy.
In 1907 he was co-author of the treatise Hygiène coloniale, which was included in the Traité d'hygiène of Paul Brouardel (1837-1906) and Ernest Mosny (1861–1918). In 1910 he became a member of the Société de biologie, and from 1914 to 1918 was chief medical officer of the Paris Health Department.
# Trail (disambiguation)

A trail is a route for travel.
Trail may also refer to:

## Places

* Trail, British Columbia, Canada
* Trail, Minnesota, United States
* Trail, Oregon, United States

## People with the name

* Trail (surname), e.g., the Scottish clan also known as Traill
* Chet Trail (born 1944), American baseball player

## Other uses

* Ant trail; see also Animal track
* Trail (graph theory)
* Trail, design parameter for vehicles with two in-line wheels, such as bicycles and motorcycles
* Trail, the trailing end of a gun carriage
* TRAIL, acronym in molecular biology for "TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand"
* Pointertrails, or mouse trails, show where the GUI pointer has been recently
* Technical Report Archive & Image Library, also known as TRAIL
* Trails (series), series of video games
# Spinotaenia

Spinotaenia is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae. It contains only one species, Spinotaenia chalcea, which is found in Brazil (Parana).
# Firougou

Firougou or Finougou is a commune in the Andemtenga Department of Kouritenga Province in the Centre-Est region of Burkina Faso. It had a population of 1,429 in 2006.

## Demographics

| Year | Population |
| 1985 | 1,021 |
| 1996 | 1,673 |
| 2006 | 1,429 |

### Neighbourhoods

| Neighbourhood | Population (2006) |
| Baka | 542 |
| Natinga | 275 |
| Rokotin | 231 |
| Tambillin | 381 |