OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vennaimalai

Vennaimalai is a village of Karur District located near Karur and Tiruchirappalli, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the residential area in Karur District and is known for Balasubramaniyaswamy Temple.

## Education

Bharani Park and Cheran Matriculation are two schools located near Vennamalai. Also the Kongu Arts and Science College is located near this area.

## Transport

Vennaimalai has frequent buses and mini-buses from Karur town. The nearest railway station is located in Karur.
# John Francis McGrath

John Francis McGrath may refer to:
* John McGrath (New South Wales politician) (1893–1971)
* John McGrath (Victorian politician) (1939–2021)
# Reamonn Live

Reamonn Live is a live album by the German band Reamonn. It is Reamonn's final release, as the band entered a hiatus in 2012. It was released on 20 November 2009.

## CD
### Track listing

* "Faith" - 4:11
* "Set Of Keys" - 4:36
* "Through The Eyes Of A Child" - 4:06
* "Aeroplane" - 3:58
* "Broken Stone" - 4:26
* "Tonight" - 5:33
* "Open Skies" - 4:36
* "Free Like A Bird" - 4:50
* "Million Miles" - 3:56
* "Moments Like This" - 3:59
* "Serpentine" - 7:15
* "It's Over Now" - 5:59
* "Serenade Me" - 6:10
* "Goodbyes" - 4:17
* "The Island" (Bonus Track) - 5:50

## DVD

Behind Closed Doors (On The Road To Reamonn)

### Track listing

* "Road To Reamonn" - 22:03
* "From Burbank To Downtown - 8:05
* "The Million Miles Tour" - 23:26
* "From Ring To Park" - 4:16
* "Out Of Order" - 5:33

## Personnel

* Rea Garvey – vocals, guitar
* Uwe Bossert – guitar
* Sebastian Padotzke – keyboard
* Mike "Gomezz" Gommeringer – beats
* Phillip Rauenbusch – bass
# Type 87 mortar

The Type 87 82mm Mortar is a Chinese infantry mortar developed by Norinco in 1987. It is a replacement for the older Type 67 82mm mortar used at the battalion level. An 81 mm version called the W87 was also developed for export markets.

## Variants

* Type 87: basic model 82 mm.
* W87: 81mm caliber model for export.
* The Type 87 mortar is also used on the YW304 variant of the Type 85 AFV

## Operators

* Bangladesh
* China
* Sri Lanka
* Vietnam
# Liutward

Liutward was the archchancellor of the Carolingian Empire from 878 and the bishop of Vercelli from 880 by appointment of Charles the Fat. Never liked by the nobility, he was trusted by Charles as a confidant and go-between with the papacy.
In 887, he was accused by Charles of having an affair with the Empress Richardis and though the empress successfully underwent the ordeal of fire, he was banished from court. Liutward's men abducted the daughter of Unroch III of Friuli from a convent in Brescia and forced her to marry one of his relatives. This provoked enmity between Liutward, the chief Carolingian prelate in Lombardy, and Berengar of Friuli, the chief secular magnate.
The famed poet of the age, Notker of St Gall, dedicated a series of verses to him between the years 881 and 887.

## Sources

* MacLean, Simon. Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire. Cambridge University Press: 2003.
* Leyser, Karl. Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries. London, 1994.
* Reuter, Timothy. Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800-1056. Longman, 1991.
* Duckett, Eleanor. Death and Life in the Tenth Century. University of Michigan Press, 1968.
* Annales Fuldenses translated by Timothy Reuter, with commentary (subscription needed).
* This article about an Italian Catholic bishop or archbishop is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Live to Die (Intruder album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metal Crypt | |
Live to Die is the debut album by the speed metal band Intruder. It was originally released in 1987 and re-released in 2004 on vinyl and CD (which includes bonus tracks from the 1986 and 1984 demos recorded under the name "Transgresser").

## Track listing

* "Cover Up" - 4:00
* "Turn Back" - 4:43
* "Victory in Disguise" - 5:35
* "Live to Die" - 6:35
* "Kiss of Death" - 5:41
* "Cold-Blooded Killer" - 5:29
* "Blind Rage" - 5:17
* "T.M. (You Paid the Price)" - 4:37

## Re-release bonus tracks

* "Cold-Blooded Killer" (Transgresser demo 86) - 5:17
* "Blind Rage" (Transgresser demo 86) - 5:23
* "Victory In" Disguise (Transgresser demo 86) - 4:56
* "Cover Up" (Transgresser demo 84) - 3:53
* "Night Shift" (Transgresser demo 84) - 4:22
* "Live to Die" (Transgresser demo 84) - 6:36

## Personnel

* James Hamilton – vocals
* Arthur Vinett – guitar
* Todd Nelson – bass
* John Pieroni – drums
# Simulated body fluid

A simulated body fluid (SBF) is a solution with an ion concentration close to that of human blood plasma, kept under mild conditions of pH and identical physiological temperature. SBF was first introduced by Kokubo et al. in order to evaluate the changes on a surface of a bioactive glass ceramic. Later, cell culture media (such as DMEM, MEM, α-MEM, etc.), in combination with some methodologies adopted in cell culture, were proposed as an alternative to conventional SBF in assessing the bioactivity of materials.

## Applications
### Surface modification of metallic implants

For an artificial material to bond to living bone, the formation of bonelike apatite layer on the surface of an implant is of significant importance. The SBF can be used as an in vitro testing method to study the formation of apatite layer on the surface of implants so as to predict their in vivo bone bioactivity. The consumption of calcium and phosphate ions, present in the SBF solution, results in the spontaneous growth of bone-like apatite nuclei on the surface of biomaterials in vitro. Therefore, the apatite formation on the surface of biomaterials, soaked in the SBF solution, is considered a successful development of novel bioactive materials. The SBF technique for surface modification of metallic implants is usually a time-consuming process, and obtaining uniform apatite layers on substrates takes at least 7 days, with daily refreshing of the SBF solution. Another approach for decreasing the coating time is to concentrate the calcium and phosphate ions in the SBF solution. Enhanced concentration of calcium and phosphate ions in SBF solution accelerates the coating process and, in the meantime, eliminates the need for regular replenishment of the SBF solution.

### Gene delivery

An attempt was made to investigate the application of SBF in gene delivery. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles, required for the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) into the nucleus of the cells, were synthesized in a SBF solution and mixed with pDNA. The in vitro studies showed higher gene delivery efficiency for the calcium-phosphate/DNA complexes made of SBF solution than for the complexes prepared in pure water (as control).

## Formulation

Ionic concentrations (mM) of blood plasma and proposed SBF formulations :
| Formulation | Na$^+$ | K$^+$ | Mg$^{2+}$ | Ca$^{2+}$ | Cl$^−$ | HCO$^−$ $_3$ | HPO$^{2−}$ $_4$ | SO$^{2−}$ $_4$ | Buffer |
| Blood plasma | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 103.0 | 27.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | - |
| Original SBF | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 148.8 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 0 | Tris |
| Corrected (c-SBF) | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 147.8 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | Tris |
| Tas-SBF | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 125.0 | 27.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | Tris |
| Bigi-SBF | 141.5 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 124.5 | 27.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | HEPES |
| Revised (r-SBF) | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 103.0 | 27.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | HEPES |
| Modified (m-SBF) | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 103.0 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | HEPES |
| Ionized (i-SBF) | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 103.0 | 27.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | HEPES |
| Improved (n-SBF) | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 103.0 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | Tris |
# Lamentation (disambiguation)

A lamentation, or lament, is a song, poem, or piece of music expressing grief, regret, or mourning.
Lamentation may also refer to:
* Lamentation (Pietà), a painting by Petrus Christus, c. 1444
* Lamentation (The Mourning of Christ), a painting by Giotto in the 14th Century.
* Lamentation (ballet), a 1930 ballet by Martha Graham
* "Lamentation" (Millennium), an episode of Millennium
* Lamentation (novel), a historical mystery novel by C. J. Sansom
* Lamentation, a 2009 fantasy novel by Ken Scholes
* Lamentation Mountain, a mountain near Meriden, Connecticut, U.S.
** Lamentation Mountain State Park
# Adtile Technologies

Adtile Technologies is an American company that develops and markets motion-sensing technology. The company’s headquarter is in San Diego, California. It is best known for its motion ads, which employs phone's sensors that supports motion as input to make advertisements interactive.
In October 2014, Adtile was selected to receive the 2014 North America Frost & Sullivan Award for Enabling Technology Leadership.

## History

Nils Forsblom, a Finnish-American technology entrepreneur founded Adtile Technologies in 2010. The company's first product was Photopoll, an application that allowed users to share photos, tell stories around those photos, and ask friends for opinions. In 2013, the company raised $2.7 million in funding from undisclosed angel investors. The funds were used to launch a new product called Adtile, which makes mobile advertisements interactive based on physical motion-inputs. In July 2014, the company announced a $4.5 million Series A funding round led by private venture capitalists. In March 2015, Adtile created Adtile VR, a technology that lets users experience virtual reality environments on smartphone's browser.
In October 2015, the company announced partnering with LG Uplus, which would use Adtile to power its entire mobile network and Wi-Fi stations. In April 2017, Adtile raised additional $2 million in funding which is an extension of the $4.5 million Series A raised back in 2014.

## Technology and applications

The Adtile Motion Technology employs algorithms identify motion interactions to offer dynamic visual feedback and make ads interactive. The Adtile Motion Technology taps into a smartphone’s native micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) — namely the accelerometer and gyroscope.
Adtile VR creates a 3D rendering on a mobile device that moves as the user moves. Movements like tilting, pitching, rotating, or walking in any direction reflect changes on-screen allowing the user to interact with the virtual world.
The Adtile Motion Store is a cloud-based creative platform that allows designers to develop their own interactive sensor-enabled ads using Adtile-designed templates.
In November 2015, the company launched Air Pencil, a lightweight Web app that makes it possible to capture free-form motion with an iPhone. Adtile’s Air Pencil was inspired by Picasso’s electric light used in Gjon Mili’s photograph series featured in LIFE Magazine in 1949. The application allows users to capture motion in 3D, as lines, curves, and shapes.
Adtile launched Adtile 360 in May 2016. Adtile 360 allows creators to develop 360-degree videos that are viewed using a mobile device and can track movement and adjust viewpoints based on how the device is being held. The product combines outputs from three mobile sensors to control the video: the accelerometer, the gyroscope, and the magnetometer. Adtile 360 adds the ability to overlay emojis and other interactive graphic elements on the video.
# Venna River

The Venna River rises in Mahabaleshwar, and is a tributary of the Krishna River in Satara district of western Maharashtra, India. It rises near Mahableshwar, a famous hill station in the Western Ghats. The river meets the Krishna River and this confluence takes place at Sangam Mahuli which is located in eastern part of Satara city. The River Krishna is one of the three largest rivers in southern India.
17°18′N 74°10′E﻿ / ﻿17.300°N 74.167°E﻿ / 17.300; 74.167
# Ram Muivah

Ramnganing Muivah also known as Ram Muivah is a Retired Indian bureaucrat turned politician. He has served as an IAS Officer (Batch-1985) for 35 years and was the Secretary of North Eastern Council before retiring in 2020. He was elected to the Manipur Legislative Assembly from Ukhrul in 2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election as a member of Naga People's Front.
# Typocerus octonotatus

Typocerus octonotatus is a species of flower longhorn in the beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in North America.
# Walsh convention

    See the Glossary of contract bridge terms for an explanation of unfamiliar words or phrases.
Walsh is a convention used in the card game of bridge in response to an opening bid of 1♣. The convention has its origins in the Walsh System developed by Richard and Rhoda Walsh.
In general, the Walsh convention is not used in four-card major systems such as Acol, but may be employed in some five-card major systems; especially those that use a prepared club, rather than better minor. The opening bid of 1♣ will therefore have shown either clubs or a balanced hand.
When responder is too weak to force to game diamond suits are bypassed in favour of major suits, regardless of the length of the diamond suit. For example, holding ♠ AJ72 ♥ J74 ♦ K10653 ♣ 8, the response to the opening bid of 1♣ would be 1♠ rather than the normal 1♦.
Continuations vary according to other details of the system being played. If Checkback Stayman is being played, then the auction 1♣ – 1♠; 1NT – 2♦ would show this hand and end the auction. If New minor forcing is being used, then 3♦ is used as the sign off bid instead.
When the values to force to game are held, the procedure is abandoned, and suits are bid in the normal order. Responders reverse from diamonds into a major thus becomes game forcing. So, holding ♠ AJ72 ♥ AK4 ♦ K10653 ♣ 8, the auction starts 1♣ – 1♦; 1NT – 2♠.
The main purpose of the convention is to avoid missing major suit fits when opener has something akin to a weak notrump, and would rebid 1NT over the normal 1♦ response. The major suit fit is likely to provide a safer resting place when the hands are weak, as well as potentially scoring better (a concern perhaps only at matchpoints).
It is a form of Canapé and thus the responses of 1♥ and 1♠ to a 1♣ opener are alertable in the UK under EBU regulations.
# Live in Hamburg

Live in Hamburg may refer to:
* Live in Hamburg (Roger Chapman album), 1979
* Live in Hamburg (Maria McKee album), 2004
* Live in Hamburg (Böhse Onkelz album), 2004
* Live in Hamburg (Wishbone Ash album), 2007
* Live in Hamburg (Scooter Album), 2010
* Live in Hamburg (Saga album), 2016
# Sunshine (EP)

Sunshine is an EP by American singer and actress Traci Lords. It was released independently on October 11, 2004 via online music store CD Baby and autographed CDs were also available on Lords' official website. Sunshine was her first musical release in almost a decade since her debut album 1000 Fires (1995).
Produced by Nick Nolan, the EP contains two tracks; "Sunshine" and "You Burn Inside of Me".

## Background

After the release of her debut studio album, 1000 Fires (1995), Lords began working on her second album for Radioactive Records. However, she later left the label to focus on her acting career. "Radioactive was really good to me, but there was a lot of stuff in the mid '90s that was going on with the record industry. I was just so disgusted. I thought 'This is even worse than the film business. I wanted to grow as an artist and I felt like I was being squashed into a box. It wasn't really what I wanted to do, so I said 'Screw it', started really working on my acting career and kind of left it alone."
# Seigler

Seigler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Richard Seigler (born 1980), American football player and coach
* Tommy Seigler (1938–2023), American professional wrestler
# Veppanthattai taluk

Veppanthattai is a taluk of Perambalur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Veppanthattai.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Veppanthattai had a population of 148,700 with 73,598 males and 75,102 females. There were 1020 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 65.36. Child population in the age group below 6 was 7,906 Males and 7,266 Females.
# Umenomiya Taisha

Umenomiya Shrine (梅宮大社, Umenomiya taisha) is a Shinto shrine located in Ukyō-ku in Kyoto, Japan.

## History

The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period. In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to the guardian kami of Japan. These heihaku were initially presented to 16 shrines; and in 991, Emperor Ichijō added three more shrines to Murakami's list. Three years later in 994, Ichijō refined the scope of that composite list by adding Umenomiya Shrine (梅宮神社, Umenomiya-jinja) and Gion Shrine, which is now known as Yasaka Jinja.
From 1871 through 1946, the Umenomiya Shrine was officially designated one of the Kanpei-chūsha (官幣中社), meaning that it stood in the second rank of government supported shrines.
# 1902 Davidson football team

The 1902 Davidson football team was an American football team that represented the Davidson College as an independent during the 1902 college football season. In their third year under head coach John A. Brewin, the team compiled a 4–4–1 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 1 | Oak Ridge Institute | Davidson, NC | W 28–5 | |
| October 10 | Furman | Davidson, NC | L 0–6 | |
| October 18 | vs. North Carolina | Latta Park Baseball FieldCharlotte, NC | L 0–27 | 500 |
| October 24 | Bingham Military School | Davidson, NC | W 16–6 | |
| November 1 | at Virginia | Madison Hall FieldCharlottesville, VA | L 0–35 | |
| November 13 | at Georgia Tech | Brisbine ParkAtlanta, GA | W 7–6 | |
| November 14 | at Georgia | Herty FieldAthens, GA | L 0–20 | |
| November 21 | vs. North Carolina A&M | Greensboro, NC | W 5–0 | |
| November 22 | at Guilford | Greensboro, NC | T 0–0 | |
# Walsh v Lonsdale

Walsh v Lonsdale (1882) 21 Ch D 9 is an English property law case about the effect of the Judicature Acts. It is the authority for the equitable maxim that "Equity regards as done that which ought to be done". It created the doctrine of anticipation, whereby a specifically performable agreement to create or transfer a property right will be good in equity, even if not finally effective at law.

## Facts of the case

Mr Lonsdale agreed to lease Mr Walsh a mill for seven years. Rent varied with the number of looms being operated, but there was a minimum dead rent paid yearly in advance on demand. The lease was not in fact granted by deed (as was required for leases over three years), yet Mr Walsh moved in and began paying rent quarterly. Mr Lonsdale demanded payment in advance and levied distress for non payment of rent. If the terms of the agreement were enforceable, then Mr Lonsdale had acted lawfully.

## Judgment

The Court of Appeal held that as it now had jurisdiction to apply equitable principle, it would regard that as done which ought to be done, and so the lease had been effective in absence of the formality. Sir George Jessel MR said the following:
   There is only one court, and the equity rules prevail in it. The tenant holds under an agreement for a lease. He holds, therefore, under the same terms in equity as if a lease had been granted, it being a case in which both parties admit that relief is capable of being given by specific performance. That being so, he cannot complain of the exercise by the landlord of the same rights as the landlord would have had if a lease had been granted. On the other hand, he is protected in the same way as if a lease had been granted; he cannot be turned out by six months’ notice as a tenant from year to year.

## Significance

The Walsh v Lonsdale principle is now embodied in the recognition by the courts of the equitable lease.
# Live in France (Rodrigo y Gabriela album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Live in France is the third live album by Mexican guitar duo Rodrigo y Gabriela. It was recorded at various dates in France on their 11:11 world tour. It was released on 19 July in the United States and 25 July in the rest of the world.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Rodrigo y Gabriela

## Personnel
### Rodrigo y Gabriela

* Rodrigo Sánchez – acoustic guitar
* Gabriela Quintero – acoustic guitar

### Production

* Rodrigo y Gabriela – production
* Naoto Tanemura – mixing
* Ray Staff – mastering
* Arno Paul – photography
* Rod Maurice – front cover photo
* Kmeron – back cover photo
# Process graph

In mathematics graph theory a process graph or P-graph is a directed bipartite graph used in workflow modeling.

## Description

With a process graph, the vertices of the graph are of two types, operation (O) and material (M). These vertex types form two disjunctive sets. The edges of the graph link the O and M vertices. An edge from an operation vertex (O) connects to a material vertex (M) if M is the output of O, such as a 'document' (material) that is output by a 'write-up' (operation). An edge from M to O indicates that M is an element of the input set of O, e.g. a document may be part of the input to a 'review' operation.

## Applications

Process-graph is in use in different fields of application in Process Network Synthesis (PNS) . An example for an application is Process Network Synthesis. The method is in scientific use to find optimum process chains in chemical formulas, energy technology networks and other optimisation problems like evacuation routes in buildings or transportation routes. Process graphs are also used in understanding the control flow of multi-threaded processes. If there are n concurrent threads running, a process graph models the execution of n concurrent threads and their trajectories through an n dimensional Cartesian plane. The origin of the graph corresponds to the initial state where none of the threads have completed an instruction. Each directed edge corresponds to the execution of an instruction and transition to other. Valid edges can either go up or right because programs cannot run backward for the edges to left or down. Since two threads can't complete the same instruction at the same time, diagonal edges are not allowed.