OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Salvia leucophylla

Salvia leucophylla, the San Luis purple sage or gray sage, is an aromatic sage native to the southern coastal mountain ranges of the Californias.

## Description

S. leucophylla is an evergreen shrub that grows up to 1 to 1.5 metres (3+1⁄2 to 5 feet) tall and wide. The leaves are a light green in the spring, turning grayish-white as they mature, with graceful branches that arch to the ground, sometimes rooting when they touch the ground. Flowers grow in tight whorls on 15 to 20 centimetres (6 to 8 inches) long inflorescences, with a pinkish-purple flowering stem. The 2.5 cm (1 in) flowers are pinkish-purple, held in a purple-tinged gray calyx.

## Taxonomy

The plant's specific epithet, leucophylla, describes the light grayish leaves. The type specimen was collected near Santa Barbara, California, by Scottish botanist David Douglas and named by Edward Lee Greene in 1892. The common names refer to the pale purple flowers (purple sage) or to the grayish leaves (gray sage).

## Distribution and habitat

The plant is native to the southern coastal mountain ranges of California and Baja California, typically being found on dry hillsides and in gravelly soils.

## Cultivation

The species is widely used in California and xeriscape gardening, preferring full sun and good drainage. There are many cultivars, natural hybrids, and wild hybrids with other Salvia species, making clear naming very confusing.
Some cultivars include:
* Salvia leucophylla 'Pt. Sal'
* Salvia leucophylla 'Figueroa'
* Salvia leucophylla 'Bee's Bliss'
Salvia leucophylla is known to have allelopathic qualities. It is thought that monoterpenoids released from the plant may be responsible for inhibiting the growth of neighboring seedlings.
# Salisbury, New York

Salisbury is the name of some places in the U.S. state of New York:
* Salisbury, Herkimer County, New York, a town
* Salisbury (hamlet), Herkimer County, New York, a hamlet
* Salisbury, Nassau County, New York, a census-designated place (CDP)
# Saldaş

39°15′04″N 46°35′03″E﻿ / ﻿39.25111°N 46.58417°E﻿ / 39.25111; 46.58417
Saldaş (also, Soldaş and Saldash) is a village in the Qubadli Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Sallie Manzanet-Daniels

Sallie Manzanet-Daniels is an associate justice of the New York Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, First Judicial Department.

## Early life and education

She is a 1985 graduate of Marymount Manhattan College and a 1988 graduate of Hofstra University School of Law. Manzanet-Daniels is married to Randy Daniels.

## Legal career

Prior to joining the bench, she was a criminal defense practitioner for the Legal Aid Society in the Bronx. She also worked as a Principal Law Clerk to Justice Frank Torres in Bronx Supreme Court and to Justice Luis A. Gonzalez, the then Administrative Judge for the 12th Judicial District.
She subsequently served on the New York City Civil Court from 1999 to 2001. She was a New York Supreme Court Justice, from 2001 to 2009. She was designated a Justice for the Appellate Division, First Judicial Department in 2009 by Governor David Paterson. She was the first woman of Puerto Rican descent to serve on the First Department.
# Salix hukaoana

Salix hukaoana (ユビソヤナギ, Yubiso-yanagi) is a species of willow endemic to the Kantō and Tōhoku regions of Honshū, Japan.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described by Japanese botanist Arika Kimura in 1973. The specific epithet honours Shigemitsu Fukao, who discovered the tree the previous year growing along the Yubiso River, a tributary of the upper Tone River, in Gunma Prefecture.

## Description

Salix hukaoana is a deciduous tree that grows to a height of some 15 metres (49 ft).

## Conservation status

Salix hukaoana is classed as Vulnerable on the Ministry of the Environment Red List.
# Salix integra

Salix integra is a species of willow native to north-eastern China, Japan, Korea and the far south-eastern Russia (Primorsky Krai).
It is a deciduous shrub growing to 2–6 m tall with greyish-green bark and reddish to yellowish shoots. The leaves are 2–10 cm long and 1–2 cm wide; they are pale green both above and below, and unusually for a willow, are often arranged in opposite pairs or whorls of three, rather than alternate. The flowers are produced in small catkins 1–2.5 cm long in early spring; they are brownish to reddish in colour. It is dioecious, with male and female catkins on separate plants.
It is closely related to the European and western Asian Salix purpurea, and has been treated as a variety of it by some authors, as S. purpurea var. multinervis (Franchet & Savatier) Matsumura, or as a subspecies S. purpurea subsp. amplexicaulis (Chaubard) C.K.Schneid.

## Cultivation and uses

The cultivar 'Hakuro Nishiki' (dappled willow) is widely grown as an ornamental plant for its variegated foliage, the leaves strongly mottled with patches and blotches of white and pale pink. As its growth is fairly weak and shrubby, it is commonly sold grafted on the top of a straight stem of another willow. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Ultimately, you would like to prune the Salix integra in the shape of a globe for the first 3 years, then, check the main stem below the head and prune away completely any growth from it. Salix Integra generally are grafted onto a quick growing willow variety and any growth from the main stem is unwanted.
# Rugby Club Walferdange

Rugby Club Walferdange, known as "De Renert", is a francophone rugby union club, based in Walferdange, in central Luxembourg. Luxembourg has no domestic league of its own, so De Renert plays in the German Regional Leagues.
Walferdange is the second Luxembourg rugby club alongside Rugby Club Luxembourg. The club was founded in 1990.
# Convoy RA 55B

Convoy RA 55B was an Arctic convoy during World War II. It was one of a series of convoys run to return Allied ships from Soviet northern ports to ports in Britain. It sailed at the end of December 1943, reaching British ports in early January 1944. All ships arrived safely.

## Forces

RA 55B consisted of eight merchant ships which departed from Kola Inlet on 31 December 1943. Close escort was provided by the two destroyers, Whitehall and Wrestler, and three corvettes. These were supported by an Ocean escort of eight Home Fleet destroyers led by Onslow (Capt.JA McCoy commanding). Following the Battle of the North Cape on 26 December, which resulted in the sinking of the German battleship Scharnhorst, the threat from German surface units was, for the time being, eliminated, and RA 55B dispensed with the usual distant cover by heavy units of the Home Fleet.
RA 55A was however threatened by a U-boat force of some thirteen boats in a patrol line, code-named Eisenbart, in the Norwegian Sea, which had operated against all the December convoys.

## Action

RA 55A sailed from Kola with its escort on 31 December 1943, accompanied by an eastern local escort of three minesweepers. On 1 January 1944 the local escort returned to Murmansk, leaving RA 55B to continue. German air reconnaissance was unable to find RA 55B in the gloom of the polar night, and although several Eisenbart boats made contact, their attacks were ineffectual. RA 55B was able to shake off pursuit and on 7 January met the western local escort of two minesweepers, which brought the convoy into Loch Ewe on the following day, 8 January 1944.

## Conclusion

The eight ships of RA 55B arrived in Britain without loss, while all German attempts to attack the convoy had failed.
# Kalayanpura

Kalayanpura is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Berasia tehsil.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Kalayanpura has 113 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 55.67%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 489 | 273 | 216 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 92 | 52 | 40 |
| Scheduled caste | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Scheduled tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literates | 221 | 153 | 68 |
| Workers (all) | 226 | 129 | 97 |
| Main workers (total) | 128 | 108 | 20 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 95 | 90 | 5 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 25 | 15 | 10 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 5 | 2 | 3 |
| Main workers: Other | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 98 | 21 | 77 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 8 | 3 | 5 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 83 | 15 | 68 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Non-workers | 263 | 144 | 119 |
# Diffuser (thermodynamics)

A diffuser is "a device for reducing the velocity and increasing the static pressure of a fluid passing through a system”. The fluid's static pressure rise as it passes through a duct is commonly referred to as pressure recovery. In contrast, a nozzle is used to increase the discharge velocity and lower the pressure of a fluid passing through it.
Frictional effects during analysis can sometimes be important, but usually they are neglected. Ducts containing fluids flowing at low velocity can usually be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. Analyzing ducts flowing at higher velocities with Mach numbers in excess of 0.3 usually require compressible flow relations.
A typical subsonic diffuser is a duct that increases in area in the direction of flow. As the area increases, fluid velocity decreases, and static pressure rises.

## Supersonic diffusers

A supersonic diffuser is a duct that decreases in area in the direction of flow which causes the fluid temperature, pressure, and density to increase, and velocity to decrease. These changes occur because the fluid is compressible. Shock waves may also play an important role in a supersonic diffuser.

## Applications

Diffusers are very common in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. Diffusers are used in both all-air and air-water HVAC systems, as part of room air distribution subsystems, and serve several purposes:
* To deliver both conditioning and ventilating air
* Evenly distribute the flow of air, in the desired directions
* To enhance mixing of room air into the primary air being discharged
* Often to cause the air jet(s) to attach to a ceiling or other surface, taking advantage of the Coandă effect
* To create low-velocity air movement in the occupied portion of room
* Accomplish the above while producing the minimum amount of noise
When possible, dampers, extractors, and other flow control devices should not be placed near diffusers' inlets (necks), either not being used at all or being placed far upstream. They have been shown to dramatically increase noise production. For as-cataloged diffuser performance, a straight section of duct needs serve a diffuser. An elbow, or kinked flex duct, just before a diffuser often leads to poor air distribution and increased noise.
Diffusers can be as a shape of round, rectangular, or can be as linear slot diffusers (LSDs). E.g., linear slot diffusers take the form of one or several long, narrow slots, mostly semi-concealed in a fixed or suspended ceiling with airfoils behind the slots directing the airflow in the desired direction.
Occasionally, diffusers are mostly used in a reverse fashion, as air inlets or returns. This is especially true for a linear slot diffuser and 'perf' diffusers. But more commonly, grilles are used as return or exhaust air inlets.
# Streptococcus sobrinus

Streptococcus sobrinus is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-motile, and anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus.

## Pathology

Streptococcus sobrinus in conjunction with the closely related species Streptococcus mutans are pathogenic within humans and enhances the formation of caries within teeth. Biofilm from the mixture of sugar and plaque create a suitable environment for S. sobrinus to grow. S. sobrinus is more closely connected with the prevalence of caries than S. mutans. S. sobrinus is also affiliated with early childhood caries, which are responsible for the majority of dental abscesses and toothaches in children. Children generally acquire S. sobrinus strains from their mother, but the relatively high consumption of sugars by minors facilitates bacterial growth and threatens the onset of early childhood tooth decay. S. sobrinus has also been documented within the teeth of rats.

## History

Streptococcus sobrinus was discovered by the French biologist Louis Pasteur in 1887 along with other human pathogens. The full genome of S. sobrinus has been sequenced, and the related species S. mutans has also been fully sequenced.

## Symbiosis

Extracellular long-chained glucans synthesized from sucrose via glucosyltransferase enzymes help accumulate S. sobrinus on tooth enamel surfaces. The glucans provide a shelter for bacterial colonization, and the protected environment creates the perfect nesting ground for S. sobrinus and other microorganisms to sustain a stable community in the form of dental plaque. S. sobrinus in turn releases lactic acid in the anaerobic metabolism of glucose. Lactic acid demineralizes tooth enamel and fosters the initiation of dental caries. S. sobrinus has an optimal growth temperature of 37 °C and thrives in a slightly acidic environment at a pH of 6.3. This makes the human mouth a suitable habitat due to its acidic characteristics, favorable body temperature, and significant amount of food sugars passing through the mouth on a daily basis. However, these traits also indicate that S. sobrinus has a difficult time surviving outside the host of the human teeth.

## Antibacterials

In 1995 a paper by Meurman et al. tested Lactobacillus rhamnosus for inhibitory properties, although this relationship was only observed with a weak correlation at a pH below 5. Lectin from Talisia esculenta and Labramin from Labramia bojeri seeds were found to inhibit the adherence of S. sobrinus to tooth enamel, but had no effect on the growth of the population itself. A study by Sun et al. in 2009, tested a vaccine for S. sobrinus, and initial tests have been successful in providing protection.
# Koingnaas

Koingnaas is a village in Namakwa District Municipality in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located 65 km south of Kleinzee.
Established in 1970, Koingnaas was once a flourishing diamond-mining town and satellite town to Kleinzee. Since De Beers' departure, the population has fallen rapidly from its peak of about 1,000 inhabitants.
# Sybra arator

Sybra arator is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1865. It is known from Malaysia, Singapore, and Sumatra.
# Marshall station

Marshall station may refer to:
* Marshall railway station in Geelong, Victoria
* Marshall Station, California, an abandoned settlement in Fresno County, California
* Marshall station (Missouri), also known as Chicago and Alton Depot or Illinois Central Gulf Depot, a historic train station
* Marshall station (Texas), a railroad station in Marshall, Texas
# Ruby Tuesday

Ruby Tuesday may refer to:
* "Ruby Tuesday" (song), a 1967 song by the Rolling Stones
* Ruby Tuesday (restaurant), American multinational foodservice retailer and franchise
# Salix helvetica

Salix helvetica, the Swiss willow, is a scrubby willow species found in the Alps (from 1700 to 2700 m) and the Tatras portion of the western Carpathians (from 1600 to 2000 m). It is a naturally dwarf, erect shrub, growing to 50 cm (20 in) tall and broad, with silvery undersides on the leaves, and silvery catkins appearing with the leaves. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Corriere Adriatico

Corriere Adriatico is a regional daily newspaper, one of the oldest publications in Italy. It has been in circulation since 1860. The headquarters of the paper is in Ancona.

## History and profile

Corriere Adriatico was established in 1860. The paper is among the newspapers published in the Marche region. Specifically, it is based in Ancona. During the Fascist rule in Italy Corriere Adriatico was controlled by the National Fascist Party (FNP).
Since 2004 the owner has been the Caltagirone Editore Group which also owns Il Mattino and Il Messaggero, among others. Corriere Adriatico is published by a company with the same name.
Corriere Adriatico launched a color version in 2006. There are five editions of the paper, which are distributed in Ancona, Pesaro, Macerata, Ascoli Piceno and Fermo. It has also the online and digital versions.
Corriere Adriatico includes sections of news, sport, regular columns and promotional initiatives.
On its 150th anniversary of the establishment a commemorative stamp was published by the post of Italy.
Corriere Adriatico sold 19,400 copies in 2007.
# The Lovers of Ravello

The Lovers of Ravello (Italian: Gli amanti di Ravello) is a 1951 Italian melodrama film directed by Francesco De Robertis and starring Lida Baarova, Gabriele Ferzetti and Carlo Ninchi.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Alfredo Montori.

## Main cast

* Lida Baarova as Ida
* Gabriele Ferzetti as Sandro Deodata
* Leonora Ruffo as Bruna Falchi
* Carlo Ninchi as Matteo
* Olga Solbelli as governante
* Rino Salviati as Mario
* Nino Milano as Gennarino
* Alberto Nucci as Dario
* Ivana Ferri as Ragazza
* Cesira Vianello as Ispettrice
* Aristide Spelta as Arciprete
* Attilio Tosato as Amministratore
# Rudolf Braun (historian)

Rudolf Braun (18 April 1930 in Basel – 19 May 2012 in Basel; originally from Basel) was a Swiss historian.

## Biography

Braun was the son of a geologist. He attended Mathematical-Natural Scientific High School of Basel and later studied folklore and history from 1950 to 1958 at the universities of Freiburg, Basel and Zurich before he earned a doctor's degree (Dr. phil.) in 1960. He worked as an assistant at the Center for Social Research of Dortmund from 1959 to 1961 and as a scientific assistant in Chicago from 1961 to 1964, before he qualified as a professor at the University of Bern in 1964. He subsequently wrote a paper about integration problems of Italian guest workers in Switzerland. He became a lecturer in 1966 and was an ordinary professor of social and economic history at the Free University of Berlin from 1968 to 1971. From 1971 to 1995, he was an ordinary professor of general and Swiss modern history at the University of Zurich.
He was one of the pioneering social historians of German-speaking Switzerland alongside Markus Mattmüller (Basel) and Erich Gruner [de] (Bern). In his diversified works, he linked political, social and cultural history.
He co-organised the first seminar for women's history at the University of Zurich with his assistant Jakob Tanner.

## Works

As an author
* Die Veränderungen der Lebensformen in einem ländlichen Industriegebiet vor 1800 (Zürcher Oberland) (= Industrialisierung und Volksleben. vol. 1). Erlenbach/Stuttgart: Rentsch, 1960, DNB-IDN 450597113; 2nd edition: Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1979.
* Sozialer und kultureller Wandel in einem ländlichen Industriegebiet (Zürcher Oberland) unter Einwirkung des Maschinen- und Fabrikwesens im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (= Industrialisierung und Volksleben. vol. 2). Winterthur / Rentsch, Erlenbach/Stuttgart: Keller, 1965, DNB-IDN 450597148 (dissertation, University of Zurich, Philosophy Faculty I, [1960]); 2. Auflage: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1979, ISBN 3-525-36174-2; 2nd edition: Zurich: Chronos, 1999, ISBN 3-905313-29-4.
* Das ausgehende Ancien Régime in der Schweiz. Aufriß einer Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Göttingen/Zurich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1984, ISBN 3-525-36182-3.
* with David Gugerli: Macht des Tanzes – Tanz der Mächtigen. Hoffeste und Herrschaftszeremoniell 1550–1914. Munich Beck, 1993, ISBN 3-406-37550-2.
* Von den Heimarbeitern zur europäischen Machtelite. Ausgewählte Aufsätze. Zurich: Chronos, 2000, ISBN 3-905313-47-2.
As an editor
* with Wolfram Fischer, Helmut Großkreutz, Heinrich Volkmann: Industrielle Revolution, wirtschaftliche Aspekte (= Neue wissenschaftliche Bibliothek. vol. 50). Köln/Berlin: Kiepenheuer und Witsch, 1972, ISBN 3-462-00871-4.
* with Wolfram Fischer, Helmut Großkreutz, Heinrich Volkmann: Gesellschaft in der industriellen Revolution (= Neue wissenschaftliche Bibliothek. vol. 56). Cologne: Kiepenheuer und Witsch, 1973, ISBN 3-462-00925-7.
# Ruger Security-9

The Ruger Security-9 is a 9mm caliber semi-automatic pistol announced by Sturm, Ruger & Co. on November 22, 2017.

## History

Introduced in late 2017, Ruger intended to use the Security-9 to replace the Ruger SR-Series. The Security-9 managed to be even less expensive than the SR-Series as it eliminated the adjustable backstrap and ambidextrous magazine release, used an internal hammer-fired mechanism instead of a striker-fired mechanism and hardened aluminum alloy rails instead of steel rails. The Security-9 was primarily aimed at the affordable handgun demographic.

## Design

The design and internal hammer action of the Security-9 pistol are derived from firearms first produced by Kel-Tec (such as the P11) circa 1995.
The trigger on the Security-9, despite its hybrid single- and double-action nature, is relatively light. Ruger calls this mechanism the "Secure Action" design, and it combines the trigger pull of the LCP with single-action, as it has a positive reset. It also has a hammer that provides a strong ignition force that has a slide racking to make it much easier to slide. The pistol also features a sight system with drift adjustable rear sight and a fixed front sight. The strong spring tension and a hammer catch help prevent the hammer from contacting the firing pin unless the trigger is pulled. A horizontal pin must be pushed out of the frame in order to separate the slide from the frame. The trigger does not need to be pulled prior to disassembly.
The Ruger Security-9, like the Ruger American Pistol and the SR-Series, has a polymer frame made out of glass-filled nylon. The Security-9 comes with 15 round magazines and will function with SR-Series magazines. (Ruger also offers 17-round magazines.) Security-9 magazines will also function in the Ruger SR9c. The Ruger Security-9 does not have the ambidextrous mechanisms of the SR-Series. However, it has features that the full-sized SR9 did not, including front cocking serrations and a standard Picatinny rail for accessories.

## Variants

When they were first introduced in 2017, the Security-9 model was offered with 15 or 10 round magazines, and certain models came from the factory with a Viridian E-Series Red Laser on the accessory rail. The pistol is also available with a pre-installed Hogue wraparound rubber grip.
In 2019, Ruger introduced the Security-9 Compact. Designed for concealed carry, the Compact model features a shorter slide, shorter barrel, and overall smaller frame. The Compact takes 10-round magazines.
Also in 2019, Ruger introduced the Security-9 Pro series. The Pro models are a higher-end version of the standard Security-9 and Security-9 Compact, but feature factory-installed steel tritium night sights and no manual thumb safety.
Ruger also offers the Security-9 in different colors: Davidson's Flat Dark Earth, Black, TALO Turquoise, Sports South Silver, RSR Group Cobalt, Big Rock Sports Coyote Brown, Davidson's Battleworn Flag, Lipsey's Flat Dark Earth Frame(Black slide).