OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sir George Williams University

Sir George Williams University was a university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It merged with Loyola College to create Concordia University on August 24, 1974.

## History

In 1851, the first YMCA in North America was established on Sainte-Hélène Street in Old Montreal. Beginning in 1873, the YMCA offered evening classes to allow working people in the English-speaking community to pursue their education while working during the day. Sixty years later, the Montreal YMCA relocated to its current location on Stanley Street in Downtown Montreal.
In 1926, the education program at the YMCA was re-organized as Sir George Williams College, named after George Williams, founder of the original YMCA in London, upon which the Montreal YMCA was based. In 1934, Sir George Williams College offered the first undergraduate credit course in adult education in Canada.
Sir George Williams College received its university charter from the provincial government in 1948, though it remained the education arm of the Montreal YMCA. Sir George Williams expanded into its first standalone building, the Norris Building, in 1956. In 1959, the college requested that the Quebec legislature amend its university charter, changing its name to Sir George Williams University. It established a Centre for Human Relations and Community Studies in 1963. Sir George Williams continued to hold classes in the YMCA building until the construction of the Henry F. Hall Building in 1966.
Following several years of discussions and planning, Sir George Williams University merged with Loyola College to create Concordia University in 1974. Concordia provided students with representative student organizations and greater power over administrative decisions at the university.

### Sir George Williams Computer Centre Incident

The university gained international attention in 1969, when a group of Black students occupied the Henry F. Hall Building's 9th floor computer lab to protest alleged racism by the university. This protest was documented in the 2015 film The Ninth Floor by director Mina Shum.

## Sir George Williams Georgians

The Sir George Williams Georgians were the Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union teams that represented Sir George Williams University.
Shortly after Sir George Williams merged with Loyola College to create Concordia University in 1974, the Georgians and the Loyola Warriors were replaced by the Concordia Stingers.

## Alumni

* Bob Berry (born 1943), NHL player
* Gundega Cenne (1933–2009), artist
* John Alton Collins (1917–2007), political cartoonist
* Robert Dean (1927–2021), Canadian politician
* Rosie Douglas (1941–2000), Prime Minister of Dominica
* Stuart McLean (1948–2017), author, storyteller, Canadian radio broadcaster
* E. Annie Proulx (born 1935), novelist, short story writer, journalist
* Nachum Eliezer Rabinovitch, rabbi and author (1928–2020)
* Mordecai Richler (1931–2001), author
* Bernie Wolfe (born 1951), NHL player
# Charles Baehni

Charles Baehni (21 August 1906 – 23 January 1964) was a Swiss botanist who made important contributions to scientific knowledge in the botanical field.

## Biography

Professor Charles Baehni was born on 21 August 1906 in Geneva, Switzerland. He was educated at the University of Geneva, and was supervised by Professor Robert Chodat where in 1932 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Science. That same year he was appointed as an assistant at the Conservatory and Botanical Garden of the City of Geneva. In 1934, he studied at the Botanical Garden of the Field Museum in Chicago, and while in the United States, he made many trips to various parts of the country and collected extensive botanical findings.
In 1941, he was appointed conservator of the Botanical Garden in Geneva. He served as the Director of the Conservatory and Botanical Garden, in Geneva, Switzerland for twenty years. He wrote more than one hundred scientific papers and his main interest was in the Sapotaceae. He also contributed to a number of other botanical families including the Ulmaceae, Lacistemaceae, and Violaceae.
# Charles Bage

Charles Woolley Bage (1751–1822) was an English architect, born in a Quaker family in Derby, Derbyshire, in the United Kingdom. He was the designer of the first ever iron framed building, the Ditherington Flax Mill, located in the outskirts of Shrewsbury town centre, built between 1796 and 1797. He not only built the first but also the 3rd and 8th steel framed buildings in the world.
Shortly after his birth, his family moved to Elford, Staffordshire, where his father founded a papermill, later becoming a partner in an ironworks. Throughout his life, Bage took an interest in the application of iron and gas technologies in construction and lighting, respectively. Bage was also a novelist.
By 1776, Bage was working as a wine merchant in Shrewsbury, and also as a surveyor, the latter being of interest to John Marshall and Thomas and Benjamin Benyon, who intended to develop mills in the town.
Bage had involvement in the local political affairs of Shrewsbury: he was in charge of the local workhouse from 1784 to 1787, and later was the town's mayor in 1807. The technology that Bage developed makes him a pioneer of what would become modern sky scraper technology.
"Bage Way", part of Shrewsbury's 20th century inner ring road which links Old Potts Way to Crowmere Road, was named for him.
# Charles Alexander Shaw

Charles Alexander Shaw (December 31, 1944 – April 12, 2020) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri.

## Education and career

Born in Jackson, Tennessee, Shaw received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Harris Stowe State College in 1966, a Master of Business Administration from the University of Missouri in 1971, and a Juris Doctor from the Columbus School of Law at the Catholic University of America in 1974. He was an attorney with the appellate branch of the Division of Enforcement for the National Labor Relations Board from 1974 to 1976. He entered private practice in St. Louis, Missouri from 1976 to 1980, and then worked as an Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri from 1980 to 1987. He then became a state court judge in Missouri's 22nd Judicial Circuit from 1987 to 1993.

## Federal judicial service

On October 25, 1993, Shaw was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, created by 104 Stat. 5089. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 20, 1993, and received his commission on November 22, 1993. He assumed senior status on December 31, 2009 and died on April 12, 2020, aged 75.
# Charles Alexander Smith

Charles Alexander Smith (1864–1915) was a Canadian painter from Ontario. He was professionally known as Charles Alexander.
# Charles Bernstein

Charles Bernstein may refer to:
* Charles Bernstein (composer) (born 1943), American composer of film and television scores
* Charles Bernstein (poet) (born 1950), American poet, essayist, editor, and literary scholar
# Charles Dunn

Charles Dunn or Charlie Dunn may refer to:
* Charles Dunn (Wisconsin politician) (1799–1872), American politician
* Charles J. Dunn (1872–1939), American jurist and politician
* Charles Morton Dunn (1892–1975), Canadian politician
* Charlie Dunn (c. 1898–1993), American bootmaker
* Charles Dunn (Japanologist) (1915–1995), British Japanologist
# Egid Quirin Asam

Egid Quirin Asam (1 September 1692 – 29 April 1750) was a German plasterer, sculptor, architect, and painter. He was active during the Late Baroque and Rococo periods.
Born in Tegernsee, Bavaria, Asam worked mainly together with his brother, the architect and painter Cosmas Damian Asam. Because of this, their common work is often attributed to the Asam Brothers. Asam died in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg.

## Biography

Egid Quirin Asam was born on 1 September 1692, in Tegernsee, Bavaria, and baptised the same day. His father was Hans Georg Asam (1649–1741) and his mother was Maria Theresia Asam. Among his eight siblings were Cosmas Damian Asam and Maria Salome Asam.

## Major works

The Asam Brothers, singularly and together, were very prolific artists. Some of their major works were:

### Bavaria

* Aldersbach—Monastery Church of Mariae Himmelfahrt (stucco of swirling garlands and capitals and pillars in the Italian Baroque tradition)
* Benediktbeuern—Church of St. Benedikt (silver reliquary of St. Anastasia)
* Freising—Dom St. Maria and St. Korbinian (rococo paintings and stucco) (1723–1724)
* Freystadt—Pilgrimage Church of Maria-Hilf (frescoes)
* Fürstenfeldbruck—Monastery Church of the Ascension of the Blessed Virgin (side altars and high altar)
* Munich—Franciscan Monastery Church of St. Anna im Lehel (altars)
* Munich—Catholic Church of St. Johann Nepomuk (Asam Church) (built and decorated entirely by the Asam Brothers) (1733–1746)
* Munich—Parish Church of St. Peter (furnishings)
* Osterhofen Abbey—Papal Basilica of St. Margaretha (stucco and high altar)
* Regensburg—Benedictine Monastery Church of St. Emmeram (stucco)
* Rohr—Monastery Church of Assumption (high altar) (c. 1717)
* Sandizell—Parish Church of St. Peter (high altar)
* Straubing—Urselinenkirche (architect)
* Weltenburg—Monastery Church of St. George and St. Martin (stucco, high altar, side altars) (1716–1724)

### Baden-Württemberg

* Mannheim—Jesuit Church of St. Ignatius and St. Francis Xavier (ceiling and dome paintings, now destroyed)
* Meßkirch—Johann Nepomuk Chapel in Basilica St. Martin (decorations) (1733–1734)

### Austria

* Innsbruck—Innsbruck Cathedral (Dom zu St. Jakob) (rococo stucco) (1722–1723)
# Tom Tully (writer)

Tom Tully (died 2013) was a noted British comic writer, mostly of sports and action-adventure stories. He was the longest-running writer of the popular football-themed strip Roy of the Rovers, which he wrote for much of Roy Race's playing career until the weekly comic closed in 1993. Other notable strips penned by Tully included The Steel Claw, The House of Dolmann, The Incredible Adventures of Janus Stark, The Leopard from Lime Street, The Robo Machines, and Harlem Heroes. During his three-decade career, Tully wrote exclusively for what became known as the IPC line of publishers: Amalgamated Press/Odhams/Longacre Press/Fleetway/IPC Magazines.

## Biography

Tom Tully was born in Glasgow, but grew up in Reading, Berkshire (where he became a supporter of Newcastle United). He worked as a telephone operator for the Royal Air Force as part of his national service. After a series of civil service jobs and earning a diploma in writing for children, he embarked on a freelance writing career. His first sale was at age 25 — a Buck Rogers story.
From 1963 to 1970, Tully was the principal writer on The Steel Claw for Valiant with artist Jesús Blasco, taking over for the fourth serial from Ken Bulmer, and later returning from 1971 to 1973 for the sequel strip, Return of the Claw. In the early 1960s, he wrote Heros the Spartan with art by Frank Bellamy for Eagle. Another one of his most notable strips for Valiant was The Wild Wonders, drawn by Mike Western, about a pair of wild boys, brought up by animals, who turn out to be fantastic athletes. He also worked on Kelly's Eye and Janus Stark (both with Francisco Solano López) in the 1960s.
Tully wrote his first scripts for Roy of the Rovers in 1969, and wrote the comic sporadically until 1974 when he was given the permanent job as lead writer, a position he held for nearly 20 years. During that time, the strip moved from Tiger to its own self-titled comic.
In the 1970s and '80s, Tully worked on Johnny Red for Battle Picture Weekly. He worked on many 2000 AD projects including Dan Dare, and the sports-related Harlem Heroes and Mean Arena. He also created The Mind of Wolfie Smith for Tornado, which later transferred to 2000 AD.
Tom also wrote three cricket-themed short novels in 1986 and 1987 - The Magnificent 11 (ISBN-10 0583309216, ISBN-13 978-0583309219), Dangerous Game, and Showdown at Seabank (ISBN-10 0583309224, ISBN-13 978-0583309226). These books followed the adventures of a young teenager Terry Mason and his friends who started their own cricket club after losing a season at their school. The first and last book are available, however Dangerous Game appears very difficult to find.
Tully wrote the Roy of the Rovers strip until the main comic's demise in 1993, with the final incident of Roy's playing career coming when he lost control of his helicopter and crashed into a field. After the closure of Roy of the Rovers, Tully had very few comics credits. He retired to Wiltshire in the West Country.
He died in Autumn 2013.
# 1843 Salisbury by-election

There were two by-elections for the constituency of Salisbury in 1843:
* May 1843 Salisbury by-election, caused by the resignation of William Bird Brodie.
* November 1843 Salisbury by-election, caused by the death of Wadham Wyndham.
# Saint-Fulgent-des-Ormes

Saint-Fulgent-des-Ormes (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
# Saint-Fulgent

Saint-Fulgent (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France.

## Geography
### Climate

Saint-Fulgent has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Saint-Fulgent is 12.6 °C (54.7 °F). The average annual rainfall is 815.9 mm (32.12 in) with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 19.7 °C (67.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.9 °C (42.6 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Saint-Fulgent was 41.3 °C (106.3 °F) on 18 July 2022; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −11.1 °C (12.0 °F) on 12 February 2012.
Climate data for Saint-Fulgent (1991−2020 normals, extremes 2007−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.6 (76.3) | 27.8 (82.0) | 33.1 (91.6) | 39.3 (102.7) | 41.3 (106.3) | 39.4 (102.9) | 34.2 (93.6) | 31.2 (88.2) | 22.0 (71.6) | 17.5 (63.5) | 41.3 (106.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.4 (48.9) | 10.9 (51.6) | 13.7 (56.7) | 17.6 (63.7) | 20.4 (68.7) | 23.7 (74.7) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.9 (78.6) | 23.3 (73.9) | 18.3 (64.9) | 13.4 (56.1) | 10.3 (50.5) | 17.7 (63.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) | 6.6 (43.9) | 8.7 (47.7) | 11.6 (52.9) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.4 (66.9) | 16.8 (62.2) | 13.3 (55.9) | 9.4 (48.9) | 6.6 (43.9) | 12.6 (54.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) | 2.3 (36.1) | 3.6 (38.5) | 5.6 (42.1) | 8.9 (48.0) | 12.2 (54.0) | 13.4 (56.1) | 12.9 (55.2) | 10.4 (50.7) | 8.4 (47.1) | 5.5 (41.9) | 2.9 (37.2) | 7.4 (45.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) | −11.1 (12.0) | −5.3 (22.5) | −4.1 (24.6) | −1.3 (29.7) | 3.5 (38.3) | 5.6 (42.1) | 5.1 (41.2) | 0.4 (32.7) | −2.6 (27.3) | −8.3 (17.1) | −8.4 (16.9) | −11.1 (12.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 93.3 (3.67) | 66.6 (2.62) | 70.0 (2.76) | 60.2 (2.37) | 63.4 (2.50) | 63.2 (2.49) | 42.8 (1.69) | 48.0 (1.89) | 47.0 (1.85) | 72.6 (2.86) | 89.2 (3.51) | 99.6 (3.92) | 815.9 (32.12) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 14.4 | 11.8 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 9.2 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 9.9 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 123.5 |
| Source: Météo-France ||||||||||||||
# Bryan Alaphilippe

Bryan Alaphilippe (born 17 August 1995) is a French former professional road cyclist. He retired in March 2021, while competing for French amateur team Team UC Nantes Atlantique. He is the younger brother of Julian Alaphilippe.

## Major results
### 2014

    7th Paris–Mantes-en-Yvelines

### 2015

    1st Bordeaux–Saintes
    1st Circuit des 4 Cantons

### 2016

    9th Grand Prix de Denain

### 2017

    1st Stage 3 Volta a Portugal
    4th Paris–Mantes-en-Yvelines

### 2019

    1st Stage 4 Ronde de l'Oise
# Browse Trist

Browse Trist (1698?–1777), of Bowden, near Totnes, Devon, was an English politician.
He was born the son of Nicholas Trist of Bowden and educated at Wadham College, Oxford.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of Great Britain for Totnes 1754 - March 1763.
In 1734 he married Agnes, daughter of Thomas Hore of Nymph, Devon, with whom he went on to have 6 sons and 3 daughters. The lived at Bowden House.

## Family in America

Browse Trist's son Hore Browse Trist emigrated to the United States, where he befriended Thomas Jefferson, obtained from him a government appointment, and settled in Mississippi.
# Saint Eusebius

Saint Eusebius may refer to:
* Pope Eusebius, Pope 309–310.
* Eusebius of Cremona (died c. 423)
* Eusebius of Fano (died c. 526)
* Eusebius of Gaza (died c. 362)
* Eusebius of Rome (died c. 357), priest and martyr
* Eusebius of Samosata (died c. 380), bishop of Samosata
* Eusebius of Vercelli (c. 283–381), bishop of Vercelli
# Bryan Simpson

Bryan Simpson is an American singer-songwriter from Fort Worth, Texas, who is based out of Nashville, Tennessee. Simpson is best known for his solo output as the Whistles & The Bells, his work as a founding member of Cadillac Sky, and the songs he has written for artists including Tim McGraw and Joe Nichols.

## Career

As a songwriter, Simpson has written songs for Tim McGraw, Blake Shelton, Billy Currington, George Strait, Jason Aldean, and Joe Nichols, whose track "Yeah" went to No. 1 for three consecutive weeks on Billboard Country Airplay in 2014. Simpson also charted with Blake Shelton's "I'll Just Hold On" (2009) at No. 5 and "A Guy with a Girl" (2016) at No. 1, as well as Tim McGraw's "Better Than I Used To Be" (2010), which peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard chart. Simpson has won NSAI's Country Awards Top 50 Songs for his work on Brad Martin's "Before I Knew Better", Tim McGraw's "Better Than I Used To Be", Blake Shelton's "I'll Just Hold On", and Joe Nichols' "Yeah.
In 2002, Simpson co-founded Progressive bluegrass band Cadillac Sky in Texas with Matt Menefee (banjo), Ross Holmes (violin), Mike Jump (guitar, vocals), and Clint Sturgeon/Andy Moritz (bass, vocals). They recorded their debut album Blind Man Walking in 2006 for a January 2007 release on the Skaggs Family label. They followed up their debut with Gravity's Our Enemy in 2008 and Letters in the Deep in 2010, which was produced by Dan Auerbach and released through Dualtone Records. Simpson departed the group in 2010 shortly after embarking on a tour opening for Mumford & Sons.
Following his time in Cadillac Sky, Simpson began a solo musical venture in Nashville, called The Whistles & The Bells. Simpson self-produced and self-released the project's eponymous debut album in 2014. It was recorded over two days with the help of Matt Menefee and Byron House among others. On August 7, 2015, the album was reissued globally by New West Records. The project's second album, Modern Plagues, was released on April 28, 2017, promoted with the lead single "Harry Potter".

## Discography

Cadillac Sky
* Blind Man Walking (2007)
* Gravity's Our Enemy (2008)
* Letters in the Deep (2010)
The Whistles and The Bells
* The Whistles & The Bells (2014)
* Modern Plagues (2017)
# Saint-Martin-de-Salencey

Saint-Martin-de-Salencey (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Stigmella perplexa

Stigmella perplexa is a moth of the genus Stigmella and the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse in 1948. This species of moth is found in Namibia.
# English National Stadium (West Midlands)

The English National Stadium (West Midlands) was a proposed multi-purpose stadium that would have been built on a site next to the National Exhibition Centre on the Meriden Gap in the Borough of Solihull in the English West Midlands region.

## Background

With the 2001 announcement that the original Wembley Stadium was to be demolished, bids were put forward for a new national stadium for England. The West Midlands bid became the main rival to the eventual winning bid to build a new stadium on the site of the old Wembley.

## Proposal

The proposal was for an 85,000 capacity saddle shaped bowl stadium designed by stadia specialists ArupSport priced at around £324m. The stadium was to be jointly owned by a new company formed from the two councils - Birmingham and Solihull, the NEC group, and event owners such as the FA.
Advocates of the stadium highlighted numerous benefits:
* Location - The stadium would be in the centre of England and therefore more easily accessible to those living in the North than a stadium in London.
* Cost - The anticipated cost was lower than other bids, including the stadium in London.
* Transport Connections - As part of the wider NEC site the stadium would have had access to a dedicated rail station - Birmingham International railway station - an airport - Birmingham Airport - and excellent motorway links, to the South East via the M42 and the M40 the South West via the M5, and the North via the M6.
* Surrounding attractions - The area is already well served by hotels, and has a number of other attractions next to the proposed site, including the National Exhibition Centre, Resorts World Arena, and more recently a Casino, Cinema and Outlet Shopping Centre.

## Support

The proposal received support from a large cross section of people, including business personalities such as Karren Brady, high profile figures in football such as Doug Ellis, and more than two-thirds of fans surveyed by the Football Supporters' Association.
A cross party parliamentary motion for support of the stadium bid received over 100 signatures.

## Result

A decision was taken not to go ahead with the stadium, and to instead re-build Wembley Stadium in London. The decision was met with criticism, with accusations the government had bent the rules to allow the Wembley bid to win at the expense of the West Midlands bid.
# C-4 Protective Mask

The C4 CBRN Protective Mask is the current issued gas mask of the Canadian Armed Forces. The C4 is a negative-pressure, full-face respirator with an ergonomic butyl rubber face piece. With its stretch-fabric mesh head harness and two simple adjustment pull straps, the C4 respirator is easily donned and doffed.
The C-4 Protective Mask was to be replaced starting in 2019 with the AirBoss Low Burden Mask (LBM) as part of the Joint Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear General Service Respirator (J CBRN GSR) contract.
# Journal of Near-Death Studies

The Journal of Near-Death Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the field of near-death studies. It is published by the International Association for Near-Death Studies.
The journal's founding editor-in-chief was Kenneth Ring. Subsequent editors were Bruce Greyson and Janice Holden.

## History

The journal was established in 1982 as Anabiosis and obtained its current title in 1987 with the start of volume 6. From 1997 to 2003 the journal was published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, but this arrangement was discontinued upon completion of volume 21.
# Charles Mistretta

Charles A. Mistretta is an American medical physicist.
Mistretta earned a doctoral degree in high energy physics from Harvard University in 1968. He joined the faculty of the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1971, began researching medical imaging, and later held the J. R. Cameron Professorship of Medical Physics and Radiology.
Mistretta shared the 1998 J. Allyn Taylor International Prize in Medicine with Graeme Bydder. In 2004, Mistretta was elected a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. He became a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering in 2014. In 2017, the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements awarded Mistretta the Gray Medal.
# Tomahawk Lake (Halifax)

Tomahawk Lake (Halifax) is a lake of Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Tomahawk Lake watershed is approximately 1550 hectares and is managed by the Halifax Regional Water Commission as a potential future source of expansion to the municipality's drinking water supply.