OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard Grey, 2nd Baron Grey of Codnor

Richard Grey, 2nd Baron Grey of Codnor (died 1335), of Codnor Castle, was an English soldier and diplomat.

## Life

Grey was the eldest son of Henry Gray, 1st Baron Grey of Codnor (died 1308) and Eleanor de Courteney. Richard succeeded to his father's titles in 1308, upon Henry's death. Richard was one of the barons who at the assembly of Stamford on 6 August 1309, signed a letter of remonstrance to the pope on the abuses in the church. He was employed in the Scottish wars in 1311, fought during the English defeat of the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, and again in 1319–20 during the unsuccessful siege of Berwick and other confrontations against the Scots in the Scottish Marches. During the baronial revolt against King Edward II of England, known as the Despenser War, he assisted Roger Mortimer and the Marcher Lords, who attacked and plundered the Welsh possessions of royal favourite Hugh le Despenser, the younger. For these attacks, Richard was pardoned by Parliament in August 1321. Together with John Giffard and Robert de Shirland, they testified to the claim of Bartholomew Badlesmere that Despenser, the younger was a traitor. Misled by false letters, the rebels attempted to place Gray, Giffard and Shirland firmly on their side, but from the end of 1321 Gray was firmly on the side of Edward II, who took action against the baronial opposition. Richard served with the royal army, which pursued the rebels under the command of Thomas of Lancaster to the north of England. Grey remained in the favour of the king, who visited him after the victory over Lancaster in March 1322 at Grey's castle at Codnor, Derbyshire.
In 1324 Gray was appointed to the office of Seneschal of Gascony and Steward of the Duchy of Aquitaine. Gray resigned this office, in October 1324, serving Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent during the war in Gascony. He was then sent to defend Argentan, in the Duchy of Normandy. In 1326, Richard was Constable of Nottingham Castle and in 1327 he was employed in the Scotch marches, and was summoned for the Scottish war in 1334, but was excused on the ground of sickness. He died in 1335.

## Marriage and issue

Richard married Joan, daughter of Robert FitzPayne, Lord FitzPayne and Isbella de Clifford.
* Jane Grey, married firstly William de Harcourt and secondly Ralph de Ferrers.
* John Grey (died 1392), married firstly Alianora and secondly Alice de L’isle, had issue.
* Robert Grey (died 1393), married Elizabeth Bryan, had issue.
His son Robert, took his mother's maiden name and became known as Robert FitzPayne.

## Citations

* ↑ Morris 1914, p. 35.
* ↑ Mortimer 2003, p. 110.
* ↑ Phillips 2010, p. 389.
* ↑ Fryde 2003, p. 46.
* ↑ Burke 1831, p. 234.
# Rew, Pennsylvania

Rew is a census-designated place (CDP) in Foster Township, McKean County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The community is almost halfway between Bradford and the borough and county seat of Smethport.
A notable attraction in Rew is the Bradford Speedway, location of a 1958 NASCAR race won by Junior Johnson.

## Geography

Rew is located at the summit of a steep hill, where Pennsylvania Routes 46 and 646 intersect. It is located near the triple boundary of Foster, Otto and Keating Townships.

## Demographics

As of the 2010 census, the population of Rew was 199, and was estimated 135 in the 2019 estimate. Every resident (100%) in the town was Caucasian. The median age and male ratio were also high, at 54.7 and 1:8:1, respectively.
# Tetradymia

Tetradymia is a genus of North American shrubs in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family. Horsebrush is a common name for plants in this genus.

## Species

* Tetradymia argyraea - CA (Riverside + San Bernardino Cos), AZ (Mohave Co), NV (Clark Co)
* Tetradymia axillaris - CA AZ NV UT
* Tetradymia canescens - BC WA ID MT WY OR CA NV UT CO AZ NM
* Tetradymia comosa - CA NV
* Tetradymia filifolia - NM
* Tetradymia glabrata - CA NV UT OR ID
* Tetradymia nuttallii - NV UT CO WY
* Tetradymia spinosa - CA OR NV ID UT MT WY CO NM
* Tetradymia stenolepis - CA NV AZ
* Tetradymia tetrameres - NV CA (Mono Co)

## formerly included

see Lepidospartum Psathyrotes
* Tetradymia ramosissima - Psathyrotes ramosissima
* Tetradymia squamata - Lepidospartum squamatum
# Tetraethylammonium diiron oxyhexachloride

Tetraethylammonium diiron oxyhexachloride is the chemical compound with the formula (N(C$_2$H$_5$)$_4$)$_2$Fe$_2$OCl$_6$. It is the tetraethylammonium salt of [Fe$_2$OCl$_6$]$^{2-}$. Many related salts of [Fe$_2$OCl$_6$]$^{2-}$ are known. The anion consists of a pair of tetrahedral Fe(III) centers that share a oxo bridging ligand. The salt can be prepared by treatment of tetraethylammonium tetrachloroferrate with sodium trimethylsiloxide.
# Tetraethylammonium chloride

Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula [N(CH$_2$CH$_3$)$_4$]$^+$Cl$^−$, sometimes written as [NEt$_4$]Cl. In appearance, it is a hygroscopic, colorless, crystalline solid. It has been used as the source of tetraethylammonium ions in pharmacological and physiological studies, but is also used in organic chemical synthesis.

## Preparation and structure

TEAC is produced by alkylation of triethylamine with ethyl chloride.
TEAC exists as either of two stable hydrates, the monohydrate and tetrahydrate. The crystal structure of TEAC·H$_2$O has been determined, as has that of the tetrahydrate, TEAC·4H$_2$O.
Details for the preparation of large, prismatic crystals of TEAC·H$_2$O are given by Harmon and Gabriele, who carried out IR-spectroscopic studies on this and related compounds. These researchers have also pointed out that, although freshly-purified TEAC·H$_2$O is free of triethylamine hydrochloride, small quantities of this compound form on heating of TEAC as the result of a Hofmann elimination:
    Cl$^−$ + [N(CH$_2$CH$_3$)$_4$]$^+$ → HCl + H$_2$C=CH$_2$ + N(CH$_2$CH$_3$)$_3$

## Synthetic applications

To a large extent, the synthetic applications of TEAC resemble those of tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) and tetraethylammonium iodide (TEAI), although one of the salts may be more efficacious than another in a particular reaction. For example, TEAC produces better yields than TEAB or TEAI as a co-catalyst in a reaction to prepare diarylureas from arylamines, nitroaromatics and carbon monoxide.
In other examples, such as the following, TEAC is not as effective as TEAB or TEAI:
* 2-Hydroxyethylation (attachment of −CH$_2$−CH$_2$−OH) by ethylene carbonate of carboxylic acids and certain heterocycles bearing an acidic N-H.
* Phase-transfer catalyst in geminal di-alkylation of fluorene, N,N-dialkylation of aniline and N-alkylation of carbazole using aqueous sodium hydroxide and alkyl halides.

## Biology

In common with tetraethylammonium bromide and tetraethylammonium iodide, TEAC has been used as a source of tetraethylammonium ions for numerous clinical and pharmacological studies, which are covered in more detail under the entry for Tetraethylammonium. Briefly, TEAC has been explored clinically for its ganglionic blocking properties, although it is now essentially obsolete as a drug, and it is still used in physiological research for its ability to block K$^+$ channels in various tissues.

## Toxicity

The toxicity of TEAC is primarily due to the tetraethylammonium ion, which has been studied extensively. The acute toxicity of TEAC is comparable to that of tetraethylammonium bromide and tetraethylammonium iodide. These data are provided for comparative purposes; additional details may be found in the entry for Tetraethylammonium.
# Tetraethylammonium bromide

Tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula C$_8$H$_{20}$N$^+$Br$^−$, often written as "Et$_4$N$^+$Br$^−$" in the chemical literature. It has been used as the source of tetraethylammonium ions in pharmacological and physiological studies, but is also used in organic chemical synthesis.

## Chemistry
### Synthesis

TEAB is commercially available, but can be prepared by the reaction between tetraethylammonium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid:
    Et$_4$N$^+$HO$^−$ + HBr → Et$_4$N$^+$Br$^−$ + H$_2$O
Evaporation of the water and recrystallization from acetonitrile yields a crystalline sample of TEAB.

### Structure

The crystal structure of TEAB has been determined and found to exhibit a distorted tetrahedral symmetry with respect to the geometry of the C atoms around the central N.

### Synthetic applications

Examples include:
* TEAB catalyzes the high-yield oxidation of organic sulfides to sulfoxides by o-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in chloroform/water at room temperature, e.g.
    (C$_2$H$_5$)$_2$S → (C$_2$H$_5$)$_2$S=O
* TEAB has been used for the in situ preparation of tetraethylammonium superoxide from potassium superoxide for the conversion of primary alkyl halides to dialkyl peroxides. The overall reaction is:
    2R$^1$Br + 2KO$_2$ → R$^1$-O-O-R$^1$ + 2KBr + O$_2$

## Biology

In common with tetraethylammonium chloride and tetraethylammonium iodide, TEAB has been used as a source of tetraethylammonium ions for numerous clinical and pharmacological studies, which are covered in more detail under the entry for tetraethylammonium. Briefly, TEAB has been explored clinically for its ganglionic blocking properties, although it is now essentially obsolete as a drug, and it is still used in physiological research for its ability to block K$^+$ channels in various tissues.

## Toxicity

The toxicity of TEAB is primarily due to the tetraethylammonium ion, which has been studied extensively. The acute toxicity of TEAB is comparable to that of tetraethylammonium chloride and tetraethylammonium iodide. These data, taken from a study by Randall and co-workers, are provided for comparative purposes; additional details may be found in the entry for Tetraethylammonium.
LD$_{50}$ for mouse: 38 mg/kg, i.v.; 60 mg/kg, i.p.; >2000 mg/kg, p.o.
# 100th Street

100th Street may refer to:
* 100th Street (Manhattan)
** 100th Street Depot
* 100th Street, a street in Los Angeles, California
* Calle 100 (Havana), 100th Street in english, street in Havana, Cuba
# Vere Egerton Cotton

Colonel Vere Egerton Cotton C.B.E. (1882–1970) was a British Army officer and politician who served as Lord Mayor of Liverpool.

## Biography

Cotton was born in London 5 May 1882 and was the youngest son of Charles Calveley Cotton. Colonel Cotton was educated at Repton School and Magdalene College, Cambridge where he was an exhibitioner in 1910. He was a senior partner in Rathbone Brothers and Company, merchants in Liverpool.
Cotton was commissioned in the 4th West Lancashire Brigade and during the first World War he served in France, Belgium and Italy. He was made an Officer of the British Empire in the 1919 New Year honours, awarded the Croix de Guerre and Croce di Guerra and held the Territorial Decoration. From 1932 to 1936 he commanded the 359th Regiment, R.A., T.A., and retired from the army as a Lieutenant-Colonel. He was appointed Commander, Order of the British Empire (C.B.E.) in 1937.
Cotton entered the Liverpool City Council in 1931 as a representative of Aigburth Ward. He was made a city magistrate in 1938. He served as Lord Mayor of Liverpool from 1951 to 1952 and High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1956.
He is the father of Henry Egerton Cotton, Lord Lieutenant of Merseyside.
# Albert Reid (disambiguation)

Albert Reid was an Australian politician.
Albert Reid may also refer to:
# Charles A. Allen (American football)

Charles A. Allen was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Alma College in Alma, Michigan for one season, in 1900, compiling a record at Alma was 7–2–1.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Alma Maroon and Cream (Independent) (1900) ||||||
| 1900 | Alma | 7–2–1 |
| Alma: | Alma: | 7–2–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 7–2–1 |
# Subependymal zone

The subependymal zone (SEZ) is a cell layer below the ependyma in the lateral ventricles of the brain. It is an adult version of the embryonic forebrain germinal zone. This region contains adult neural stem cells also called neuroepithelial cells which have the potential to generate new neurons and glial cells. The generation of neurons and glial cells from neuroepithelial cells occurs via neurogenesis and gliogenesis, respectively. In adults, the subependymal zone is also called the subventricular zone as the ependymal cell layer forms the boundary between the fluid-filled ventricular space and the walls of the lateral ventricles.
Ilias Kazanis at the University of Cambridge compares the subependymal zone to a beating heart which "continuously sends new cells to different areas of the brain neurons to the olfactory bulbs and glial cells to the cortex and the corpus callosum."
The subependymal zone is a region that may be affected by subependymal giant cell astrocytomas in people with tuberous sclerosis.
# 1998 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship

The 1998 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship was the 30th annual NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship to determine the national champion of NCAA men's collegiate water polo. Tournament matches were played at the Marian Bergeson Aquatic Center in Newport Beach, California during December 1998.
USC defeated Stanford in the final, 9–8 (in two overtimes), to win their first national title. The Trojans had previously gone 0–6 in tournament finals appearances. The Trojans (25–3) were coached by John Williams and Jovan Vavic.
The Most Outstanding Players of the tournament were Chris Aguilera (Stanford), Ivan Babic (USC), and Marko Pintaric (USC). These three, along with five other players, comprised the All-Tournament Team.
The tournament's leading scorer, with 5 goals, was George Csaszar from USC.

## Qualification

Since there has only ever been one single national championship for water polo, all NCAA men's water polo programs (whether from Division I, Division II, or Division III) were eligible. A total of 4 teams were invited to contest this championship.
| Team | Appearance | Previous |
| Stanford | 22nd | 1994 |
| UC San Diego | 6th | 1995 |
| Massachusetts | 5th | 1996 |
| USC | 17th | 1997 |

## Bracket

* Site: Marian Bergeson Aquatic Center, Newport Beach, California
| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Championship | Championship | Championship |
| USC | USC | 12 | | | |
| Massachusetts | Massachusetts | 3 | | | |
| Massachusetts | Massachusetts | 3 | USC (2OT) | USC (2OT) | 9 |
| | | | Stanford | Stanford | 8 |
| Stanford | Stanford | 6 | Stanford | Stanford | 8 |
| UC San Diego | UC San Diego | 3 | Third Place | Third Place | Third Place |
| | | | Massachusetts | Massachusetts | 9 |
| | | | UC San Diego (4OT) | UC San Diego (4OT) | 10 |

## All-tournament team

* Chris Aguilera, Stanford (Most outstanding player)
* Ivan Babic, USC (Most outstanding player)
* Layne Beaubien, Stanford
* James Castle, USC
* George Csaszar, USC
* Brian Heifferon, Stanford
* Ross Mecham, UC San Diego
* Marko Pintaric, USC (Most outstanding player)
# 1934 in Norwegian music

The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1934 in Norwegian music.

## Deaths
### November

* 21 – Mon Schjelderup, composer and pianist (born 1870).

## Births
### January

* 24 – Egil «Bop» Johansen, jazz drummer, teacher, composer (died 1998).

### December

* 5 – Kåre Grøttum, jazz pianist, composer, music arranger, and program presenter in NRK.

### Unknown date

* Siss Hartmann, singer (died 2011)
# 1948–49 in Israeli football

The 1948–49 season was the first season of competitive football in Israel, which was established towards the end of the previous season, and the 23rd season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.

## IFA Competitions

As the newly formed Israel was in the midst of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, most footballing activities were delayed until spring 1949.

### 1949–51 Israel State Cup

The competition started on 9 April 1949, with 16 teams competing in the first round. After the completion of the quarter-finals, on 28 May 1949, two teams, Maccabi Petah Tikva and Maccabi Tel Aviv appealed their eliminations, and the competition was halted.

### League competitions

League competitions started in May 1949 and carried over to the next season.

### Youth competitions

Footballing activities for underage (and therefore, not eligible for military service) footballers continued, as possible even during the ongoing war, with the 1947–48 Palestine Noar League, which started before the declaration of independence, completed in summer 1948. During fall 1949, the IFA organized a national cup competition for youth teams, which was won by Maccabi Tel Aviv, who had beaten Maccabi Ramat Gan 3–0 in the final.

## National teams
### National team

In summer 1948 an initiative was set to send a select XI to a tour in the United States, as a mean to show independence and as a fundraiser for the cash-strapped state. Prior to departure the national team held a training camp in Israel, playing training matches against several army teams, beating the transport corps 10–1, the artillery corps 8–0, the Alexandroni Brigade 8–3 and a select XI from the brigades stationed along the Jordanian-Iraqi front 6–0.
The team played three matches on the tour, one against the USA team which appeared in the 1948 Summer Olympics, and two against select XIs, losing all three matches. While in the US, the teams also had a training match, while visiting the United States Military Academy, against the Army Black Knights, winning 9–0.
# Joyo Velarde

Joyo Velarde is a Filipino hip hop and soul singer. Her husband is Lyrics Born. She has been featured on numerous tracks by the Quannum Projects cohorts.

## Career

Joyo Velarde's self-titled EP, Joyo Velarde, was released in May 2009.
She released the first studio album, Love and Understanding, in February 2010. It was produced by Lyrics Born, Jake One, and Headnodic, among others.

## Style and influences

Joyo Velarde stated that Chaka Khan and Minnie Ripperton influenced her music.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Love and Understanding (2010)

### Mixtapes

* Hey Love (2008)

### EPs

* Joyo Velarde (2009)

### Singles

* "Sweet Angels" (2001)

### Guest appearances

* Latyrx - "Balcony Beach" from Latyrx (1997)
* Lyrics Born - "Love Me So Bad" from Later That Day (2003)
* Lyrics Born - "Over You" and "I Can't Wait for Your Love" from Same !@$ Different Day (2005)
* Lyrics Born - "I've Lost Myself" from As U Were (2010)
* Latyrx - "Nebula's Eye" from The Second Album (2013)
# Vestey baronets

There have been two baronetcies created for members of the Vestey family, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extant as of 2010.
The Vestey Baronetcy, of Bessemer House, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 21 June 1913 for William Vestey. In 1921 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Vestey (see this title for more information).
The Vestey Baronetcy, of Shirley in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 27 June 1921 for Edmund Vestey. He was the younger brother of the first Baronet of the 1913 creation and the co-founder of the shipping line the Blue Star Line. As of 2010 the title is held by his grandson, the third Baronet, who succeeded his father in 2005.

## Vestey baronets, of Bessemer House (1913)

* see Baron Vestey

## Vestey baronets, of Shirley (1921)

* Sir Edmund Hoyle Vestey, 1st Baronet (1866–1953)
* Sir (John) Derek Vestey, 2nd Baronet (1914–2005)
* Sir Paul Edmund Vestey, 3rd Baronet (born 1944)
The heir presumptive is the present holder's cousin Dr. James Patrick Vestey (born 1954).
Coat of arms of Vestey baronets :
* CrestIn front of a springbok’s head Proper three mullets Argent.
* EscutcheonArgent on a fess between two flaunches Gules each charged with a cross throughout of the field three roses also of the field.
* MottoE Labore Stabilitas
# Vesyolovsky

Vesyolovsky/Veselovsky (masculine), Vesyolovskaya/Veselovskaya (feminine), or Vesyolovskoye/Veselovskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Vesyolovsky District, a district of Rostov Oblast, Russia
* Veselovsky (rural locality) (Veselovskaya, Veselovskoye), name of several rural localities in Russia
* Veselovsky (surname) (Veselovskaya)
# João Voz e Violão

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
João Voz e Violão (English: João: Voice and (Acoustic) Guitar) is a bossa nova album by João Gilberto, released in 2000. Recording very little in the 1990s, this album is Gilberto's first studio album since 1991's João. The album won the 2001 Grammy Award for Best World Music Album.

## Recording

João went to Moogie Canazio's studio to start recording his next album. It was the first time Moogie would work with João, he had an idea of how to record him and was nervous because he knew how demanding João was with his sound. The first thing he did was to take the headphones out of the studio because João didn't play with headphones at home and as he said himself: "The best of João Gilberto is when he plays at home".
After setting up the microphones and starting to record, João played for only a minute and a half and then stopped. Then he asked to come up to the control room to listen. Moogie didn't even have time to get the sound right.
João went up and listened to what he had just played. He was silent, didn't say anything. After five minutes, Carmela Forsin, his manager, who was also in the control room, said: "João, are you still with us?" and he said: "Yes, I am... Mooguinho come here with me". At this moment, Moogie thought João was going to say it was really bad or something, but it turned out to be the biggest compliment of his career. João entered the studio with him, hugged him and said: "Mooguinho you have recorded my soul. All my life after listening to what I recorded I don't like what I hear, this time I like it, but my voice is not good today. Let's stop the session, we'll come back tomorrow."
The album was finished after three or four sessions.

## Track listing

* "Desde que o Samba é Samba" (Caetano Veloso) – 3:54
* "Você Vai Ver" (Antônio Carlos Jobim) – 2:56
* "Eclipse" (Margarita Lecuona) – 3:04
* "Não Vou Pra Casa" (Antônio de Almeida, Roberto Roberti) – 2:56
* "Desafinado" (Jobim, Newton Mendonça) – 3:27
* "Eu Vim da Bahia" (Gilberto Gil) – 2:34
* "Coração Vagabundo" (Veloso) – 2:08
* "Da Cor do Pecado" (Bororó) – 2:29
* "Segredo" (Herivelto Martins, Marino Pinto) – 3:15
* "Chega de Saudade" (Vinicius de Moraes, Jobim) – 3:25

## Personnel

* João Gilberto - Acoustic guitar, vocals
# Verissimo

Verissimo may refer to:
* Veríssimo, a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais
* Veríssimo River, a river in Brazil
* Verissimo (TV series), an Italian entertainment news program

## People with the surname

* Fábio Jardel Veríssimo Lopes, Portuguese football player
* Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão, Portuguese historian
* Azumir Veríssimo, Brazilian football player
* Dany Verissimo, French actress and model
* Erico Verissimo, Brazilian author
* José Veríssimo, Brazilian writer and educator
* Lucas Veríssimo, Brazilian football player
* Luis Fernando Verissimo, Brazilian author
* Nélson Veríssimo, Portuguese former football player
* Renato Verissimo, Brazilian martial artist
# Verissimo (TV series)

Verissimo, initially titled Verissimo - Tutti i colori della cronaca is an Italian entertainment television news program covering events and celebrities which debuted on 1996 on Canale 5. It has been produced in collaboration with TG5 until 2006, when the program switched to Videonews.
From September 1996 until June 2006, it was a daily show, initially hosted by the journalist Cristina Parodi and then replaced by Benedetta Corbi and Giuseppe Brindisi and after by Paola Perego. From September 2006, it became a weekly show hosted by Silvia Toffanin and entirely dedicated to gossip and interviews.