OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2021 Upper Austria Ladies Linz

The 2021 Upper Austria Ladies Linz was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 31st edition of the Linz Open, and was part of the WTA 250 series of the 2021 WTA Tour. It was held at the TipsArena Linz in Linz, Austria, from 6 to 12 November 2021.

## Champions
### Singles

* Alison Riske def. Jaqueline Cristian, 2–6, 6–2, 7–5.
This was Riske's third WTA Tour title, and first of the year.

### Doubles

* Natela Dzalamidze / Kamilla Rakhimova def. Wang Xinyu / Zheng Saisai 6–4, 6–2

## Points and prize money
### Point distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 280 | 180 | 110 | 60 | 30 | 1 | 18 | 12 | 1 |
| Doubles | 280 | 180 | 110 | 60 | 1 | — | — | — | — |

### Prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32$^1$ | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | $43,000 | $21,400 | $11,500 | $6,175 | $3,400 | $2,100 | $1,020 | $600 |
| Doubles * | $12,300 | $6,400 | $3,435 | $1,820 | $960 | — | — | — |
$_{1QualifiersprizemoneyisalsotheRoundof32prizemoney}$ $_{*perteam}$

## Singles entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| GBR | Emma Raducanu | 21 | 1 |
| ROU | Simona Halep | 22 | 2 |
| USA | Danielle Collins | 30 | 3 |
| RUS | Veronika Kudermetova | 31 | 4 |
| RUS | Ekaterina Alexandrova | 32 | 5 |
| ROU | Sorana Cîrstea | 38 | 6 |
| ITA | Jasmine Paolini | 51 | 7 |
| USA | Alison Riske | 52 | 8 |
* Rankings as of November 1, 2021

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Julia Grabher
* Simona Halep
* Sinja Kraus
* Emma Raducanu
The following player received entry using a protected ranking:
* Mona Barthel
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Kateryna Kozlova
* Harmony Tan
* Lesia Tsurenko
* Wang Xinyu
The following player received entry as lucky loser:
* Jaqueline Cristian

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Irina-Camelia Begu → replaced by Aliaksandra Sasnovich
* Sorana Cîrstea → replaced by Jaqueline Cristian
* Caroline Garcia → replaced by Zheng Saisai
* Viktorija Golubic → replaced by Mona Barthel
* Kaia Kanepi → replaced by Greet Minnen
* Marta Kostyuk → replaced by Fiona Ferro
* Ann Li → replaced by Clara Burel
* Petra Martić → replaced by Kamilla Rakhimova
* Camila Osorio → replaced by Rebecca Peterson
* Ajla Tomljanović → replaced by Océane Dodin
* Zhang Shuai → replaced by Dayana Yastremska

## Doubles entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| GER | Julia Lohoff | CZE | Renata Voráčová | 154 | 1 |
| GEO | Oksana Kalashnikova | JPN | Miyu Kato | 161 | 2 |
| RUS | Natela Dzalamidze | RUS | Kamilla Rakhimova | 171 | 3 |
| POL | Alicja Rosolska | NZL | Erin Routliffe | 175 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of November 1, 2021

### Other entrants

The following pair received a wildcard into the doubles main draw:
* Julia Grabher / Sinja Kraus
The following pairs received entry using protected rankings:
* Mona Barthel / Hsieh Yu-chieh
* Irina Khromacheva / Lidziya Marozava
# Kywegya

Kywegya is a village in Mingin Township, Kale District, in the Sagaing Region of western Myanmar. It is located near the Chindwin River, southeast of Kyauk-o.
# Kyiv Biennial

Kyiv Biennial is an international contemporary art biennale, held every two years in Kyiv, Ukraine. First edition of the event was held in 2015. Since its beginning Kyiv Biennial is organized by the Visual Culture Research Center.
In 2019, Kyiv Biennial became a member of Alliance of Eastern European Biennales along with Prague Biennale Matter of Art, Biennale Warszawa, Budapest OFF-Biennale and Riga Survival Kit Festival.

## History

Kyiv Biennial was founded in 2015, with its first event "The School of Kyiv", being held on 8 September 2015, with its main venue being The House of Clothes in Central Kyiv. Structurally it included six "schools" – conceptual platforms created to promote the dialogue between Ukrainian and international artists, intellectuals, and the public. In the spring of 2016, in collaboration with various European cultural institutions, The School of Kyiv expanded, with its departments being opened in more than 8 cities across Europe. Overall, around 70 artists took place in the event.
The second edition of the event "Kyiv International" was held from 20 October to 26 November 2017 in the building of State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine. Its main theme was exploration of European politics and the ideas of internationalism. Structurally the event was divided into 8 projects. In May 2018, the second part of this event took place, "Kyiv International – '68 TODAY", timed to the 50th anniversary of the May riots of 1968.
The third Kyiv Biennial, "Black Cloud", was held from 10 October to 23 November 2019. It focused on the themes of political and cultural role of modern information technologies, as well as social transformations that have happened in Eastern Europe over the past three decades. The event was held in the building of Scientific and Technical Library of Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute.
The fourth Kyiv Biennial, "Allied", was held from 16 October to 14 November 2021 in the House of Cinema building in Kyiv. The main focus of the event was collaboration between art communities of Eastern Europe.
The fifth edition of Kyiv Biennial was international, and took place in Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Uzhhorod, Vienna, Warsaw and Berlin starting in October 2023, finishing in 2024.
# Galliane

A Galliane is a bow frog for stringed instrument bows that sets the hair ribbon at an angle. This kind of frog was first described in Scientific American in October 2012. It was invented by bow maker Benoît Rolland for violin, viola, cello, and double bass bows.

## The frog

The frog is the part at the end of the bow that encloses the mechanism responsible for tightening and holding the bow hair ribbon. The name ‘frog’ may derive from the use of the frock, the small device that bow makers use to shape it. It is also referred to as the heel of the bow.

## The evolution of the bow

The classical bow was pioneered by François Xavier Tourte, a French master bowmaker from the late 18th and early 19th century. With the help of virtuoso violinist G.B. Viotti he sought to improve upon the limitations of the Baroque bow by lengthening it, strengthening its tip, and introducing a curvature that allowed for greater flexibility and improved the springing action of the bow. Tourte’s craftsmanship led to the development of the modern bow, with a design that has remained fundamentally unchanged.
With Tourte’s design the bow hair is set parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bow stick, requiring players to adapt the natural movement of their arm to the constraint of the shape. Benoît Rolland introduced a significant innovation in the history of bow making with a new frog design in which the underside is angled. This frog was named "Galliane", and is a trademark with patent. Throughout history, bow makers have crafted frogs that were visually appealing. Galliane follows this tradition by presenting a different original outline. One of these designs includes a geometrical ferrule for the first time in history. While Galliane has been noted for its design, the technical elements outweigh the aesthetics.

## Technical elements

According to The Strad, with Galliane the hair ribbon has more contact with the strings, producing increased traction. These frogs give a slight helicoidal twist to the bow hair; this allows the performer to play with a fuller hair ribbon from frog to tip.“To achieve this, the frog (the usually ebony, block-shaped part of the bow, where it is held) is offset by 15 degrees.”

## Musical functionality

Galliane facilitates stability and ease, allowing more natural bowing on the part of the player. This allows the player’s hand to relax, preserving ligaments and joints, thus helping to prevent performance-related injuries.
Since its introduction, many renowned string players have played with the Galliane Frog, including Anne-Sophie Mutter, Kim Kashkashian, Miriam Fried, Julian Rachlin, Lynn Harrell, Aleksey Igudesman, Malcom Lowe, and Jean-Luc Ponty.
# Dingfelder

Dingfelder (1903) was an automobile brand produced by the Dingfelder Motor Company, which was located at 958 Jefferson Street in Detroit, and had an auto garage at 41–43 Washington Street.

## History

In 1903 they produced a number of two-passenger runabouts. In 1904 they manufactured boats.

### Specification

The Dingfelder weighed 500 lb (230 kg)
It had custom designed engine known as the Maximotor. The early model was a 3.5 hp (2.6 kW) one-cylinder motor.

### Reviews

One magazine reported that "Mr (Max) Dingfelder is held in high esteem for his honorable business methods and sterling integrity," and "the machine has been very well received by the local trade and a nice business is anticipated."

## Engines

Around 1911 to 1913 the range expanded, models included four- and six-cylinder in-line and V-8 water-cooled engines.
* Type: In-line, 4 cylinders, liquid-cooled
* Power rating: 52 KW (70 hp) at 1,500 rpm
* Displacement: 7.0 L (430 cu in)
* Bore and Stroke: 12.7 cm (5.0 in) x 14.0 cm (5.5 in)
* Weight (wet): 118 kg (260 lb) (3.71 lb/hp)
* Date: 1912
* Dimensions:
* Length 104 .1 (41.0 in.),
* Width 40.6 cm (16.0 in.),
* Height 273.7 cm (9.0 in.)
* Inventory Number: A19500094005
In addition to their present staff, the Maxlmotor makers, Detroit, have engaged the services of a celebrated Detroit automobile designer whose cars are being turned out at the rate of over 800 weekly. This engineer has worked a number of years in Europe at the plants where the foremost light engines of the world are built. He is co-operating with the Maximotor designer, Mr. Dingfelder. Among the recent purchasers of Maximotor engines is Mr. Lewis Matthews, official and part owner of the Malleable Stove Works of South Bend, Ind., who has now resigned to invest in an aviation enterprise.

## Boats

While the car business did not survive into 1904, Max Dingfelder did better with boats, and won a big race that was sponsored by the Detroit Yacht Club in 1906 with his auto boat "999".
The Dingfelder Motor Co exhibited a six-cylinder 60 horsepower, a four-cylinder, 30-40 and a two-cylinder 15-20 at the 1908 Detroit motor show.

## Flying machines and airplanes

Max Dingfelder patented a flying machine The Maximotor 52 kW (70 hp) Model B-4 was the last of several that powered Thomas S. Baldwin's Red Devil III aircraft. Maximotors were used on aircraft such as those built by Wright, Curtiss, Bleriot, and Farman and Antoinette. He also got a patent (991,770) in 1911 for Stability and steering rudders
# Dénes Gulyás

Dénes Gulyás (born 31 March 1954) is a Hungarian tenor. A native of Budapest, he studied at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in that city. He had an international career in the 1970s, and sang at the Metropolitan Opera, among other houses; one of his performances there, a Manon in which he replaced Neil Shicoff as Des Grieux to the Manon of Catherine Malfitano, was broadcast live as part of the company's Saturday radio broadcast series.
He was also a member of Parliament, representing the Fidesz party, between 2006 and 2014.

## Life

He completed locksmith trade school. At age 19, he was admitted to the Music Academy, where in 1978 he was awarded diplomas in Opera Singing and Artistic Instructor. In 1979, he won two prizes in the Giovanni Cantanti Lirici competition, as well as in 1982 winning 1st prize in the first national Luciano Pavarotti vocal competition. He was a soloist at the Budapest Opera House as well as the Szeged National Theater, led the Gyor Kisfaludi Theater Opera Association, and as Musical Advisor to the National Theater, he revived the Chamber Music Series at the refectory.
Since 1995, he has been teaching voice at the Liszt Ferenc Music Conservatory.

## Political career

Until 2003, he had no party affiliation. However, at the (then) Fidesz Congressional Convention, he joined the party. In 2004, he was nominated for Presidency of the Pest Valley 10th district (Pilisvörösvár) where in 2006 he won by a substantial margin. Since 30 March 2006 he had been a member of Parliament's Cultural and Media committees.

## Awards

* Franz Liszt Prize, 1982
* Artist of Merit of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1985
* Outstanding Artist of the Republic of Hungary, 2000
* Hungarian Heritage Award, 2014

## Personal life

Gulyás is married and has three children.
# Elise Honegger

Elise Honegger (28 November 1839 – 14 November 1912), was a Swiss feminist and journalist. In 1885, she founded and chaired the first national women's organization in Switzerland, Schweizer Frauen-Verband.

## Biography

Honegger was born in Stäfa on 28 November 1839.
In 1867 she married Mathias Egger with whom she had seven children. Honegger's husband was a newspaper publisher and around 1878 Elise edited the women's supplement of his publication Republikaners. Soon thereafter she divorced from her husband, taking employment as a freelance publisher and editor. Honneger established the women's newspaper Schweizer Frauen-Zeitung in 1879. The magazine was commercially successful, focusing on the role of wives and mothers (häusl).
Outside of her position as publisher, Honneger advocated for raising the status of women. In 1882 Honneger founded the Schweizer Frauen-Verband (Swiss Women's Association). In 1885 she was elected as the organization's first president. She soon came into conflict with the board and resigned in 1886.
She kept publishing her newspaper, selling it in 1911, remaining as editor almost until her death on 14 November 1912 in St. Gallen.
# UAN (disambiguation)

UAN is a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water used as a fertilizer.
Uan or UAN may also refer to:
* Adapa, an alternate name for the first of the Mesopotamian seven sages
* Autonomous University of Nayarit (in Spanish: Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit), a Mexican public university based in the city of Tepic, Nayarit
* Kuan language (Laos), by ISO 639-3 language code
* United American Nurses, formerly an American union affiliated with the AFL-CIO
* Unione Accademica Nazionale (National Academic Union), a learned society in Italy
* Universal Account Number, a 12-digit number allotted to employee who is contributing to the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation of India

## People

* Uan Rasey (1921–2011), an American musician
* Mariuti Uan (born 1986), a sprinter from Kiribati
* Viktor Uan (born 1994), a Russian football defender
# Lazarus (West novel)

Lazarus (1990) is a novel by Australian writer Morris West. It was originally published by Heinemann in England in 1990.
This is the third book in West's "Vatican trilogy", following The Shoes of the Fisherman and The Clowns of God.

## Synopsis

Pope Leo XIV is a staunch conservative, the perfect product of the Vatican hierarchy. But when he recovers from double-bypass heart surgery he undergoes a philosophical change of heart and begins to see the world in a new light. He now aims to change the Doctrine of the Faith away from being repressive, secretive and authoritarian. Interwoven with this new philosophy is the discovery of a plot to assassinate the Pope while he recovers from his surgery in a Swiss clinic.

## Critical reception

Writing in The Canberra Times Ralph Elliott noted: "I doubt whether Mr West is much troubled by academic neglect. Lazarus not merely confirms his standing as a consummate storyteller; it forces the reader to ponder not only the role of the Church in today's world, nor just the constant threat of terrorism for whatever fanatical cause, nor the fates of individuals caught up in moral or political quandaries, but perhaps most of all what the novel's title implies."
In her literary study of West and his work, Maryanne Confoy noted: "In Lazarus, West's concern about the apparently increasing irrelevance of the Church in a world where abuse of human rights abounded was based on his conviction that there was a desperate need for the Christian message of love, peace and justice that was the Church's missions to proclaim to all people. West's personal vision is communicated through Leo's description of his hope in the future as a consequence of his own change of heart, the same change of heart that is available to all people in their own relational contexts."

## Publication history

After its original publication in 1990 in England by publishers Heinemann the novel was later published as follows:
* St. Martin's Press, USA, 1990
* Allen & Unwin, Australia, 2017
and many other paperback editions.
The novel was translated into Spanish in 1990.
# Marmorofusus akitai

Marmorofusus akitai is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Japan.
# Disability in Antigua and Barbuda

Disability in Antigua and Barbuda refers to the people with disability in Antigua and Barbuda.

## History

The Government of Antigua and Barbuda signed the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on 30 March 2007 and ratified it on 7 January 2016.

## Statistics

In 2019, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancers were the top causes of death and disability in the country.
# Ken Dewey

Kenneth Sawyer Goodman Dewey (1934-1972) was an American performance artist, playwright, and director who was active in the happening and action theatre movements in the U.S. and throughout Europe in the 1960s and early 1970s.

## Career

Dewey studied sculpture with Oronzio Maldarelli and writing with playwright Theodore Apstein while attending Columbia University as an undergraduate. He lived in San Francisco in the early 1960s and he became an assistant director at the Actor's Workshop in San Francisco. He also studied mime with R.G. “Ronnie” Davis at the San Francisco Mime Troupe and dance with Anna Halprin.
Dewey became interested in performance art when he was introduced to the work of Robert Whitman. Dewey used geography, social science, architecture, and technology in his work. His projects were often designed around a particular city and focused on that city's infrastructure, history, and culture. Notable works in this vein included City Scale (San Francisco) with Ramon Sender and Tony Martin, Street Piece (Helsinki), Exit Music (London), and Cincinnati Journey (Cincinnati).
Dewey lived and worked in European cities from 1963 to 1964, where he staged several happenings and action theater pieces, collaborating with Terry Riley, Chet Baker, Erkki Kurenniemi, Henrik Otto Donner, members of Anna Halprin's San Francisco Dancers' Workshop and the Living Theater, among others. He collaborated with Mark Boyle, Allan Kaprow, and others on a happening at the International Drama Festival during the 1963 Edinburgh Festival.
In 1966 he produced Selma Last Year at the New York Film Festival at Lincoln Center, Philharmonic Hall Lobby, New York City. It was one of the first multichannel video installations, with photographs by Bruce Davidson, and music by Terry Riley.
In 1966 Dewey became a staff member at the New York State Council on the Arts. While at NYSCA he held the positions director of program development and director of research. In 1970, he was appointed by Governor Nelson Rockefeller to serve on the New York State Commission on Cultural Resources, a temporary state commission started by Rockefeller to study the current and long-range fiscal needs of cultural institutions. That same year he was also director of Planning Corporation of the Arts, a one-year research project, partially funded by the NYSCA, into the role of arts in a democracy

## Death

Dewey died on August 3rd 1972 in Orange, Connecticut, when the single‐engine plane he was flying in alone crashed in the woods. He was 38 years old. The Dewey family invited several artists who knew him to create a work for his funeral. Nam June Paik played the piano outside while Yoko Ono did a "silent dramatic movement expressing agony". John Lennon was also present.

## Posthumous retrospectives and documentaries

A retrospective of his work Action Theatre: The Happenings of Ken Dewey was curated by Barbara Moore at the Franklin Furnace Archive in 1987.
A biographical documentary titled Ken Dewey: This Is A Test and directed by Sally Williams was released in 2016.
# Galliano (surname)

Galliano is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cecilia Galliano (born 1978), Argentine actress, model, and TV presenter
* Giuseppe Galliano (1846–1896), Italian army officer
* John Galliano (born 1960), British fashion designer
* Richard Galliano (born 1950), French accordion player
# Elise Holst

Elise (Elisabeth Frederikke Margrethe) Holst (23 November 1811 – 8 April 1891), was a Danish stage actress. She was active at the Royal Danish Theatre in 1827-1870, and is counted as among the elite of her profession at the time, famed as a tragedienne.
Elise Holst was the daughter of the writer Jens Stephan Heger and the actress Eline Heger and married from 1834 to the actor Wilhelm Conrad Holst. She was instructed by her mother and made her debut in 1827. She mainly played the role of ingenue in tragedies, and are famed for her interpretations of the contemporary ideal of female virtue in the style of new classicism, and are described as a great tragedienne.
# Thompson Valley, Virginia

Thompson Valley is an unincorporated community located in Tazewell County, Virginia.
It is named after William and Archibald Thompson who first settled the community in the early 19th century.
# Mosedale Viaduct

The Mosedale Viaduct carried the Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway over Mosedale Beck until its closure in 1972.
Building work on the viaduct began in 1862, and the first test train crossed it in 1864. It is made of stone and has 12 arches, and is just over 140 yards (420 feet (130 m)) long. It was built single-track but was extended to the north in 1900 to accommodate two tracks.
In 1997 British Rail Property Board agreed to defer plans to demolish the viaduct, in the light of proposals for the line to be reopened.
It is featured in S1 Ep 4 of Walking Britain's Lost Railways.
# Shaun Hollinshead

Shaun Hollinshead (born 21 February 1961) is an English footballer who played in the Football League for Crewe Alexandra. After ending his semi-pro career he turned to management and is currently in charge of Eccleshall.

## Career

Hollinshead was born in Sandbach and began his career with Crewe Alexandra. He made five appearances under manager Harry Gregg but failed to forge a career in professional football and became a foreman groundsman with Cheshire County Council and played semi-pro football with Congleton Town, Eastwood Hanley, Kidsgrove Athletic, Newcastle Town and Rhyl.
He turned to management with Congleton Vale and Alsager Town and had a successful spell with Stone Dominoes. He was appointed manager of Kidsgrove Athletic in the summer of 2012. He was sacked in April 2013.
Hollinshead was appointed manager of Eccleshall in November 2013.