OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kitab kuning

In Indonesian Islamic education, Kitab kuning (lit. 'yellow book') refers to the traditional set of the Islamic texts used by the educational curriculum of the Islamic seminary in Indonesia, especially within the madrasahs and pesantrens. Coverage of kitab kuning extends from the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh), Islamic creeds (aqidah), Islamic ethics (akhlaq), science of Islamic mysticism (tasawwuf), sciences of Arabic language, science of Qur'anic recitations (tajwid), hadith studies, tafsir, Qur'anic studies to social sciences. It is also known as kitab gundul (lit: bare book) due to the content in the Arabic language does not employ vowel marks (harakat), unlike the Qur'an. Therefore, mastering of kitab kuning is considered to require a substantial amount of time. Collections of the Islamic texts employed as kitab kuning may vary, depending on the type of institution, individual schools, kyai, and region, with certain prerequisite materials such as Tafsir al-Jalalayn.

## History

Most of the Islamic scholarly manuscripts produced after the Rashidun Caliphate were written in Arabic without employing harakat in general, unlike the Qur'an which was specifically aided by Arabic diacritics for non-Arab Muslims. As for the people who mastered the rules of Arabic grammar, they weren't required to employ harakat in their readings. In Indonesia, the religious texts that read by these people were then specifically designated as kitab gundul in order to distinguish them from the book written with the diacritical aids.
Kitab gundul was soon referred as kitab kuning, which means yellow book, because mostly the books were published on yellow paper. This is because yellow paper were considered more comfortable and easy to read in a dim condition. When lighting was limited in the past, mainly in the villages, the santris (students of pesantren) had to get accustomed to studying at night with minimal lighting, and books made of yellow paper had reduced the stress. Today, although access to lighting has become normal, some books are still produced on yellow paper. There are other etymological reasons, including the reference to the aged books turning into more yellowish and darker color due to the exposure of lignin to air and sunlight, and the reference to the candle light putting out yellow shades. Today, kitab kunings are mostly converted into electronic book files, such as chm and pdf, and distributed through the computer software namely Maktabah Syamila among santris of modern pesantrens.
# Cundy

Cundy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ian Cundy, English cleric
* Jason Cundy, former English footballer
* John Cundy, English MP
* Jody Cundy, English cyclist and swimmer
* Lizzie Cundy, English television presenter
* Martyn Cundy, British mathematics teacher and professor
* Nicholas Wilcox Cundy, English architect and engineer
* Peter Cundy, British air force pilot
* Thomas Cundy (senior) (1765–1825), English architect
* Thomas Cundy (junior) (1790–1867), English architect
* Thomas Cundy III (1821–1895), English architect
* William Cundy, English MP
# Don Harlow

Donald Harlow (July 8, 1942 – January 27, 2008) was an active Esperantist and former president of Esperanto-USA (E-USA, formerly Esperanto League for North America or ELNA), and also former editor of ELNA's magazine Esperanto USA. He authored a self-published book on the Esperanto movement, The Esperanto Book, which is available online. He also created the websites Esperanto Access (Esperanto pages for English speakers) and Literaturo en Esperanto, an extensive index of online Esperanto literature.
In 2007, the annual ELNA translation contest was renamed in his honor the Harlow Prize (or Premio Harlow). It was established to celebrate and promote the translation of American literature into Esperanto.
# Mi Vida (Kendji Girac album)

Mi Vida is the fourth studio album by French singer Kendji Girac. It was released on 9 October 2020 by Island Def Jam.

## Singles

"Habibi" was released as the lead single from the album on 11 June 2020. "Dernier métro" was released as the second single on 28 August 2020. "Évidemment" was released as the third single from the album on 17 December 2020. A remix of "Bebeto" was released as the fourth single from the album on 16 July 2021. "Dans mes bras" was released as the fifth single on 25 August 2021. "Conquistador" was released as the sixth single from the album on 9 December 2021.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Belgium (BEA) | Platinum | 20,000$^‡$ |
| France (SNEP) | 3× Platinum | 300,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

Release dates and formats for Mi Vida :
| Region | Date | Format | Version | Label |
| France | 9 October 2020 | CD | Standard | Island Def Jam |
| France | 16 October 2020 | LP | Standard | Island Def Jam |
| France | 12 February 2021 | CD | Nouvelle edition | Island Def Jam |
| France | 12 November 2021 | CD | Edition de Noël | Island Def Jam |
# Lux, Mississippi

Lux, also known as Bryant or Wheelerville, is an unincorporated community in Covington County, Mississippi, United States. Lux is located on the former Gulf and Ship Island Railroad and was once home to a lumber mill. Lux was also formerly home to a school.
# Lyndon Jones (optometrist)

Lyndon William James Jones FRSC is a British optometrist.

## Early life and education

Jones completed his Bachelor of Optometry from the University of Wales in 1985 and earned his PhD in chemical engineering from the Aston University in 1998. During his time in England, Jones and his wife Debbie ran their own private practice.

## Career

Following his PhD, Jones joined the faculty at the University of Waterloo School of Optometry and Vision Science in October 1998. During his early tenure at the school, Jones published a textbook entitled "Common Contact Lens Complications" and was awarded the Peter Abel Contact Lens Award from the German Contact Lens Society. In 2012, Jones was appointed the title of University Research Chair at the School of Optometry and Vision Science. He was eventually appointed director of the Centre for Contact Lens Research and elected a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. In 2018, he received an honorary degree from Aston University.
In 2020, Jones was promoted to the rank of university professor given in recognition of a researcher "who exemplifies exceptional scholarly achievements and international pre-eminence." The following year, Expertscape recognized Jones as the decade's top contact lens expert and elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
# Rajashilpi

Rajashilpi (transl. King's Sculptor) is a 1992 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by R. Sukumaran, starring Mohanlal and Bhanupriya. The plot is a re-telling of the legend about lord Shiva and goddess Sati who was later reborn as goddess Parvati for the love of Shiva. It was Bhanupriya's first Malayalam film.

## Plot

Rajashilpi is the re-telling of the legend about lord Shiva. The plot of the story is constructed in a way that the events in the legend repeats itself in a new setting with different characters but with the same spiritual auras of the main persons, especially Siva and Sati. The first image of Durga is maintained throughout the film, Durga is the re-incarnated Uma. Only after Durga comes to be aware of her re-incarnated life as Uma that she is able to fall in love with Shambu. Until then her seductive tactics go in vain. The death of Durga's father is shown very differently in the film. It is as if the Shiva is doing his Thandava, the dance of Siva out of his rage that symbolizes destruction of this universe-life of cause and effect.

## Cast

* Mohanlal as Shambu
* Bhanupriya as Durga/Uma
* Srividya as Lakshmibhai Thampuraatti
* Nedumudi Venu as Madhavan
* Augustine as Gopalan
* T. R. Omana as Muthassi
* Captain Raju as Bhadran
* Narendra Prasad as Staanu Aashaan
* Jagannadhan
* Santhakumari
* Shyama

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack of this movie was composed by Raveendran for which the lyrics were penned by O. N. V. Kurup.
| Track | Song Title | Singer(s) |
| 1 | Ambilikala Choodum | K. S. Chithra |
| 2 | Kaveri | K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra |
| 3 | Arivin Nilave | K. S. Chithra |
| 4 | Poikayil | K. J. Yesudas |
| 5 | Punarabhi Jananam | P. Jayachandran |
# Luzon Cordillera forest mouse

The Luzon Cordillera forest mouse (Apomys abrae) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found in the Philippines.
# Luttinger parameter

In semiconductors, valence bands are well characterized by 3 Luttinger parameters. At the Г-point in the band structure, $p_{3/2}$ and $p_{1/2}$ orbitals form valence bands. But spin–orbit coupling splits sixfold degeneracy into high energy 4-fold and lower energy 2-fold bands. Again 4-fold degeneracy is lifted into heavy- and light hole bands by phenomenological Hamiltonian by J. M. Luttinger.

## Three valence band state

In the presence of spin–orbit interaction, total angular momentum should take part in. From the three valence band, l=1 and s=1/2 state generate six state of $\left|j,m_{j}\right\rangle$ as $\left|{\frac {3}{2}},\pm {\frac {3}{2}}\right\rangle ,\left|{\frac {3}{2}},\pm {\frac {1}{2}}\right\rangle ,\left|{\frac {1}{2}},\pm {\frac {1}{2}}\right\rangle$
The spin–orbit interaction from the relativistic quantum mechanics, lowers the energy of $j={\frac {1}{2}}$ states down.

## Phenomenological Hamiltonian for the j=3/2 states

Phenomenological Hamiltonian in spherical approximation is written as
$H={{\hbar ^{2}} \over {2m_{0}}}[(\gamma _{1}+{{5} \over {2}}\gamma _{2})\mathbf {k} ^{2}-2\gamma _{2}(\mathbf {k} \cdot \mathbf {J} )^{2}]$
Phenomenological Luttinger parameters $\gamma _{i}$ are defined as
$\alpha =\gamma _{1}+{5 \over 2}\gamma _{2}$
and
$\beta =\gamma _{2}$
If we take $\mathbf {k}$ as $\mathbf {k} =k{\hat {e}}_{z}$, the Hamiltonian is diagonalized for $j=3/2$ states.
$E={{\hbar ^{2}k^{2}} \over {2m_{0}}}(\gamma _{1}+{{5} \over {2}}\gamma _{2}-2\gamma _{2}m_{j}^{2})$
Two degenerated resulting eigenenergies are
$E_{hh}={{\hbar ^{2}k^{2}} \over {2m_{0}}}(\gamma _{1}-2\gamma _{2})$ for $m_{j}=\pm {3 \over 2}$
$E_{lh}={{\hbar ^{2}k^{2}} \over {2m_{0}}}(\gamma _{1}+2\gamma _{2})$ for $m_{j}=\pm {1 \over 2}$
$E_{hh}$ ($E_{lh}$) indicates heav-(light-) hole band energy. If we regard the electrons as nearly free electrons, the Luttinger parameters describe effective mass of electron in each bands.

## Example: GaAs

In gallium arsenide,
$\epsilon _{h,l}=-{{1} \over {2}}\gamma _{1}k^{2}\pm [{\gamma _{2}}^{2}k^{4}+3({\gamma _{3}}^{2}-{\gamma _{2}}^{2})\times ({k_{x}}^{2}{k_{z}}^{2}+{k_{x}}^{2}{k_{y}}^{2}+{k_{y}}^{2}{k_{z}}^{2})]^{1/2}$
# Taki Ramakrishna Mission High School

Taki Ramakrishna Mission High School is a unit of Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama along with High School under the Mission. It is situated in Taki, North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is affiliated to the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education and West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. There is also one Primary School besides the High schools and center on a Hostel, where around 100 students can stay and pursue their schooling.

## History

The Taki Ramkrishna Ashrama and the high school were established in 1931 and made a branch of the Mission in 1938. Presently the school is run under the guidance of Ramakrishna Mission at Belur Math.
# Francisco Collell

Francisco Collell was a Spanish military official and politician who served as interim governor of West Florida between October 1810 and February 1811. He was also sub-lieutenant and Commandant of Galvez Town, Louisiana.

## Biography

Francisco Collell joined the Spanish Army in his youth and rose to the rank of comandante (commandant).
In 1779, after being promoted to sub-lieutenant and still retaining the title of "Commandant" of Galvez Town, Louisiana, Collell laid out land lots and constructed houses in Galvez Town for the Spanish Canarian settlers (Isleños). He strived conscientiously to guide the poverty-stricken and ill-equipped Isleños, who lacked the basic necessities of clothing and adequate food rations, as they struggled with periodic famines, floods, and epidemics of malaria.
Francisco Collell was appointed interim governor of West Florida in October 1810 and remained in that office until February 1811, when he was replaced by Francisco de San Maxent.

## Legacy

* Colyell, Louisiana was named after Francisco Collell.
# Rivera de Vall

Rivera de Vall is a locality located in the municipality of Arén, in Huesca province, Aragon, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 5.

## Geography

Rivera de Vall is located 138km east-northeast of Huesca.
# General Ray

General Ray may refer to:
* Arjun Ray (born 1944), Indian Army lieutenant general
* Patrick Henry Ray (1842–1911), U.S. Army brigadier general
* Timothy Ray (fl. 1980s–2020s), U.S. Air Force general
# Crystal Lake (Dakota, Minnesota)

Crystal Lake is a lake in Burnsville, Dakota County, Minnesota. The lake is a primary source of recreation for the city of Burnsville and the surrounding area. Crystal Beach Park , Crystal Lake West Park and Tyacke Park all have coastline along the lake and offer amenities such as boat landings, picnic areas, hard surfaced courts, playground equipment, walking trails, and others. Nearby Lac Lavon Lake Park has a softball complex, tennis courts, and horseshoe courts. The Lake also contains two islands, Picnic Island (nicknamed Potty Island) and Maple Island. The most southerly parts of the lake extend into the city of Lakeville.
Crystal Lake was named from its sparkling waters.

## Wildlife

According to the Minnesota DNR, abundant wildlife can get in the way of fishing. The lake has been found to contain the invasive Eurasian Watermilfoil plant species.
Despite the plant life, Bass and Sunfish are common throughout the lake. The DNR has plans to restock the lake with hybrid Muskies in even numbered years, but in the past few of legal size have been caught. Bluegills are also quite common.
# Sweat It Out (The-Dream song)

"Sweat It Out" is the fourth single from The-Dream's second studio album, Love vs. Money.

## Music video

On September 26, 2009, in an interview with Rap-Up, Tricky Stewart confirmed that music videos for both "Sweat It Out" and "Fancy" are going to be filmed soon. Eventually, however, those plans were scrapped as The-Dream confirmed via Twitter that he is no longer promoting singles from Love vs. Money.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak Position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs | 32 |
# Dolophones conifera

Dolophones conifera, known as the wrap-around spider, is a species of spider in the family Araneidae indigenous to Australia. It is named for its ability to flatten and wrap its body around tree limbs as camouflage. It is found in Western Australia along with several other species from the genus Dolophones, and was first described in 1886.

## Behaviour

During the evening, D. conifera stay in webs, and during the day take up their characteristic camouflaged form on tree branches and trunks. They also travel along the ground.
# Mi Vida (film)

Mi Vida is a 2019 Dutch film directed by Norbert ter Hall. The film won the Golden Film award after having sold 100,000 tickets.
Alette Kraan won the Golden Calf award for Best Costume Design. The film also won the Gold Remi award at the WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival.
# Tienlun Dam

Tienlun Dam (traditional Chinese: 天輪壩; simplified Chinese: 天轮坝; pinyin: Tiānlún Bà) is a concrete gravity dam on the Dajia River in Heping District, Taichung, Taiwan. Built from 1952 to 1956, the dam is the fourth in a cascade of hydroelectric dams along the Dajia River, located upstream from the Ma'an Dam and downstream of the Kukuan Dam.
The dam is 48.2 m (158 ft) high and 91 m (299 ft) long, with a storage capacity of 590,000 m$^3$ (480 acre⋅ft) of water. It supplies water to a power station consisting of one 105 megawatt (MW) turbine and four 22.5 MW turbines for a capacity of 195 MW, generating 557 million kilowatt hours per year.
# SS Burutu (1902)

SS Burutu was a British steamship, sunk after a collision with the steamship City of Calcutta off the coast of South Wales about 25 miles south-west of Bardsey Island in the Irish Sea on 3 October 1918.

## Ship history

The 3,863 GRT ship was built by Alexander Stephen and Sons of Linthouse for the Elder Dempster Lines, and launched on 11 February 1902.
On 10 April 1918 the Burutu (which was defensively armed) was damaged by the German U-boat U-154. The U-boat was fought off by gunfire 14 miles south-south-west off Cape Mesurado in Liberia, West Africa. Two members of the Burutu's crew were killed. The Captain, H.A. Yardley, was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and Seaman Edward Jones was given a gold medal by the passengers. With the Burutu damaged, arrangements were made for a temporary refit in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and for the return of the vessel to Liverpool.
However, while in the Irish Sea, the 3,863 ton Burutu was struck on the port side by the stern of the 7,653 ton City of Calcutta, and is said to have sunk within ten minutes. About 160 persons, including the Master and officers and others on watch, lost their lives. The two vessels were travelling in separate convoys, and, in accordance with Admiralty orders, were steaming without lights. The collision took place at night in stormy weather.
Newspapers reported that there was a gale and a heavy sea at the time of the tragedy. The reports stated that there was perfect discipline aboard, and that the suddenness of the disaster and the hostile elements prevented lifesaving. Reports at the time indicated that there were 42 survivors and that although the first lifeboat escaped the second capsized. Survivors witnessed the crowded decks at the time the ship sank. All officers were lost.
A memorial is dedicated to the men who died and whose graves are not known or cannot be maintained in St Saviours church, Lagos, Nigeria.
# Micah Gunnell

Micah Gunnell (born June 18, 1980) is an animation director, storyboard artist, and comic book artist who currently works for Dreamworks Animation in the United States. In addition to his work in comics, he has produced storyboards for several animated series, including Film Roman/Marvel's Ultimate Spider-Man, Nickelodeon's Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy, and Avengers Assemble. He has also directed on Marvel's Avengers animated series, and is currently a director on DreamWorks' Fast and Furious: Spy Racers series which is available on Netflix.
# SS Cantabria

Cantabria was the name of a number of ships.
* SS Cantabria (1855), lost off the Canary Islands in 1862
* SS Cantabria (1919), sunk by nationalist raider Nadir off the coast of Norfolk, United Kingdom, during the Spanish Civil War
# Threat of force (public international law)

Threat of force in public international law is a situation between states described by British lawyer Ian Brownlie as:
    an express or implied promise by a government of a resort to force conditional on non-acceptance of certain demands of that government.
The 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties notes in its preamble that both the threat and the use of force are prohibited. Moreover, in Article 52, it establishes the principle that if threats of using force are made during diplomatic negotiations, then any resulting treaty is invalid, stating "A treaty is void if its conclusion has been procured by the threat or use of force in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations".
# Michael Dooney

Michael Dooney is an American comic book writer and artist and toy designer best known for his works on the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series. Dooney also created the comic book series Gizmo in 1986 under Mirage Studios.
# Tigny-Noyelle

Tigny-Noyelle (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

Tigny-Noyelle is located 8 miles (11 km) south of Montreuil-sur-Mer on the D143 road and very near the A16 autoroute, in the valley of the Authie. The village has an arboretum, the Arboretum de Tigny-Noyelle, which includes all species of the region. The village is the hometown of an international festival of classical music Musica Nigella that takes place every year between May and June.

## Places of interest

* The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the fifteenth century
# Tillery

Tillery may refer to:

## People with the surname

* Blake Tillery (born 1983), American politician
* Dale Tillery (born 1957), American judge, politician, and lawyer
* Dwight Tillery, American politician who served as mayor of Cincinnati from 1991 to 1993
* Elijah Tillery (born 1957), American boxer
* Gary Tillery (born 1947), American author
* Jerry Tillery (born 1996), American football player
* Ken Tillery (1958–2002), American murder victim
* Linda Tillery (born 1948), American singer

## Locations

* George W. Tillery House, historic house in Tennessee, USA
* Lake Tillery, a lake in North Carolina, USA
* Tillery, North Carolina
* Tillery-Fries House, historic house in North Carolina, USA
* Virginia Tillery Round Barn, historic house in Illinois, USA
# Tian Zheng

Tian Zheng is a Chinese-American applied statistician whose work concerns Bayesian modeling and sparse learning of complex data from applications including social networks, bioinformatics, and geoscience. She is a professor of statistics at Columbia University, and chair of the Columbia Department of Statistics.

## Education and career

Zheng was a child of Tsinghua University faculty, and graduated from Tsinghua University in 1998, majoring in applied mathematics with a minor in computer science. Her interest in statistics was sparked by a junior-year project in medical data processing. She went to Columbia University for graduate study in statistics, and earned a master's degree in 2000 and a Ph.D. in 2002. Her dissertation, Multiple-Marker Screening Approach Towards the Study of Complex Traits in Human Genetics, was supervised by Shaw-Hwa Lo.
She remained at Columbia as an assistant professor in statistics, became an untenured associate professor in 2007, and was granted tenure in 2012. She was promoted to full professor in 2017, and became department chair in 2019.

## Recognition

Zheng became an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute in 2011, and a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2014. She was named to the 2022 class of Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, for "fundamental research on sparsity and variable importance, and for significant contributions to social network theory and to genetics".