OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Grigoriev

Alexander Grigoriev may refer to:
* Alexander Grigoriev (bellfounder) (c. 1634 – after 1676), Russian cannon and bellmaker
* Alexander Grigoryev (1949–2008), Russian security services official
* Aleksandr Grigoryev (athlete) (born 1955), Russian high jumper
* Alexander Grigoriev (artist) (1891–1961), Mari Soviet artist, public figure and academician
* Alexander Grigoryev, a character in The Two Captains by Veniamin Kaverin
# School struggle

School struggle can refer to:
* School struggle (Netherlands) (19th and 20th century)
* First School War (Belgium, 1880s)
* Second School War (Belgium, 1950s)
# Valira

Valira may refer to:
* Valyra, a village in southern Greece
* Gran Valira, the largest river in Andorra
# Spider hole

In military slang, a spider hole is a type of camouflaged one-man foxhole, similar to a surveillance/hidesite used for observation.

## Etymology

The term is usually understood to be an allusion to the camouflaged hole constructed by the trapdoor spider.
According to United States Marine Corps historian Major Chuck Melson, the term originated in the American Civil War, when it meant a hastily dug foxhole.
Following the capture of Saddam Hussein, the American columnist William Safire claimed in the December 15, 2003, issue of the New York Times that the term originated in the Vietnam War. According to Safire, one of the characteristics of these holes was that they held a "clay pot large enough to hold a crouching man." If the pot broke, the soldier was exposed to attack from snakes or spiders, hence the name "spider hole".

## Design

A spider hole is typically a shoulder-deep, protective, round hole, often covered by a camouflaged lid, in which a soldier can stand and fire a weapon. A spider hole differs from a typical foxhole in that a foxhole is usually deeper and designed to emphasize cover rather than concealment.

## Use

Spider holes were used during World War II by Japanese forces on many Pacific battlefields, including Leyte in the Philippines and Iwo Jima. They called them "octopus pots" (蛸壺, takotsubo) for a fancied resemblance to the pots used to catch octopuses in Japan.
Spider holes were also used by fighters of the Viet Cong and soldiers of the People's Army of Vietnam during the Vietnam War as both defensive and offensive fortifications, where VC/PAVN fighters could either seek shelter from combat with ARVN, US or other allied forces, or could conceal themselves in preparation for a surprise attack.
On December 13, 2003, during the Iraq War, American forces in Operation Red Dawn captured Iraqi president Saddam Hussein hiding in what was characterized as a "spider hole" outside an Ad-Dawr farmhouse (near his hometown of Tikrit).
# Rafael Valentín Valdivieso

Rafael Valentín Valdivieso Zañartu (November 2, 1804 – June 8, 1878) was a Chilean priest and lawyer, who worked as Archbishop of Santiago de Chile between 1848 and 1878.

## Biography

Valdivieso was born on November 2, 1804. His parents were Manuel Joaquín Valdivieso and Maciel y de Mercedes Zañartu y Manso de Velasco. He studied law, and he graduated as lawyer on May 23, 1825, in Universidad de San Felipe.
Valdivieso was ordained priest by the Bishop of Santiago Manuel Vicuña Larraín, on July 27, 1834.
Valdivieso worked as a missionary in Chiloé and Atacama Region. He worked as Dean of Theology in University of Chile, and Pius IX designated him Archbishop of Santiago on October 4, 1847.
Valdivieso participated in the First Vatican Council between 1869 and 1870. He was credited by his contemporaries with having greatly reduced corruption among the Chilean clergy. He died on June 8, 1878, and was buried in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Santiago. Mariano Casanova y Casanova succeeded him as Archbishop in 1886.
His slogan was Verum in luce. Bonum in cruce. Virgo in omni patria et in corde.
# Leaf Lake Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Leaf Lake Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 467 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.6 square miles (92 km$^2$), of which 32.8 square miles (85 km$^2$) is land and 2.8 square miles (7.3 km$^2$) (7.89%) is water.

## History

Leaf Lake Township was organized in 1879. This township is named for two lakes, East and West Leaf Lakes, which extend nearly across the township from east to west about the center of the township. Leaf River and Willow Creek flow into East Leaf lake from the north and south ends. Leaf Lake Township was without a railroad until 1902, when the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad was built through Otter Tail County.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 467 people, 180 households, and 140 families residing in the township. The population density was 14.2 inhabitants per square mile (5.5/km$^2$). There were 398 housing units at an average density of 12.1 per square mile (4.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.14% White and 0.86% African American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.21% of the population.
There were 180 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.8% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 20.6% from 25 to 44, 33.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $32,768, and the median income for a family was $35,179. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $25,833 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,634. About 9.7% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.8% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Trout Bog Lake (Vilas County, Wisconsin)

Trout Bog Lake, also known as Bog 12-15, is a small bog lake in Vilas County, Wisconsin. It is located near the south basin of the much larger Trout Lake. The lake is entirely surrounded by vegetation, except for a logging road that provides access to it. Being a bog, the pH is extremely low; on average it is 4.8.

## Limnology and Trout Bog

Trout Bog Lake is one of seven lakes studied at the North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTER) site. The lake also houses a sensor buoy, which feeds data to the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON).

## Fish species

Very few fish species call Trout Bog home. The most common species by far in the lake is the central mudminnow. Bluegill and black bullhead have also been recorded.
# New World PCS

New World PCS Limited (abb. NWPCS) was a mobile network operator (MNO) of Hong Kong.

## History

group structure in 2005 (some intermediate holding companies were omitted) :
New World Development :
New World PCS Limited was a subsidiary of New World Development that was incorporated on 16 February 1995. In 1997 the brand New World Mobility was launched.
In 2004 New World Development started to own the MNO via another listed intermediate holding company New World Mobile Holdings. Previously, New World PCS Holdings, the direct parent company of New World PCS, as well as New World Telecommunications, were sister companies that under the same direct parent company New World Telephone Holdings, which in turn it was owned by New World Development.
In 2006, NWPCS merged with Hong Kong CSL to form CSL New World Mobility, an intermediate holding company that was owned by Telstra (76.4%) and New World Development (23.6%). It is no longer the direct subsidiary of New World Mobile Holdings Limited and New World Development.
In 2008 New World PCS Limited was renamed to CSL Limited, with the old CSL (Hong Kong CSL Limited) became its subsidiary. However, the brand New World Mobility was still used by the group in the same year (used by New World Mobility Limited, a joint venture of CSL Limited), which eventually became Sun Mobile in 2014.
# Alexander Grigorev

Alexander Grigorev or Aleksandr Grigoryev (born 10 November 1989) is a Russian judoka.
Grigorev is the gold medalist of the 2016 Judo Grand Prix Zagreb in the ‍–‍90 kg category.
# Alessandro Messina

Alessandro Messina may refer to:
* Alessandro Messina (cyclist)
* Alessandro Messina (economist)
# Reeves, Inc. v. Stake

Reeves, Inc. v. Stake, 447 U.S. 429 (1980), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that individual states, when acting as producers or suppliers rather than as market regulators, may discriminate preferentially against out-of-state residents. This "market participant" doctrine is an exception to the so-called negative commerce clause, which ordinarily deems state regulations invalid where they discriminate against interstate commerce in favor of intrastate commerce for the purpose of economic protectionism.

## Background

In 1919, the state of South Dakota built a cement plant to deal with cement shortages that had been plaguing the state. After several years of production, however, South Dakota was producing more cement than its citizens were using, and began selling excess cement on the national market. Reeves, a ready mix concrete distribution company in Wyoming, relied on the South Dakota state-owned factory for up to 95% of its cement supplies. When South Dakota was hit by a cement shortage in 1978, the State Cement Commission directed the cement plant to first supply all South Dakota customers with cement before taking on customers from out of state. As a result, Reeves lost a substantial portion of cement supply, and filed suit against the South Dakota State Cement Commission in federal district court.

## Opinion of the Court

At issue was whether South Dakota's preferential treatment of South Dakota residents in its sale of state-produced cement constituted a violation of the negative commerce clause. The Court ruled that South Dakota's preferential treatment of South Dakota residents in its sale of state-produced cement was not a violation of the negative commerce clause because South Dakota was acting as a market participant.
The Supreme Court first promulgated the market participant exception to the negative commerce clause in Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp., in which Maryland offered a "bounty" for destroying abandoned Maryland automobiles but effectively limited receipt of the bounty to in-state residents. There, the Supreme Court upheld the Maryland law against Commerce Clause objections because the state of Maryland was acting as a participant in the market rather than as a market regulator. “Nothing in the purposes animating the Commerce Clause prohibits a State, in the absence of congressional action, from participating in the market and exercising the right to favor its own citizens over others.” Thus, while state laws that prefer intrastate commerce to interstate commerce for economic protectionism are ordinarily invalid per se, states when acting as market participants may engage in such discrimination.
Here, South Dakota was acting as a market participant where Congress had not taken any regulatory action; thus, South Dakota could favor its citizens in the sale of state-produced cement over the citizens of other states.
# Expulsion (band)

Expulsion was a death metal band from Vallentuna, Sweden, that existed from 1988 to 1999. The band gained notability for being one of the earliest Swedish death metal bands, and that two of its members also played in the black metal band Treblinka (later named Tiamat).

## History

In 1988, the thrash metal band River's Edge split up, when lead vocalist Johan Edlund left to form the band Treblinka. Stefan Lagergren (guitar), Anders Holmberg (bass) and Calle Fransson (drums) continued to play together under the name Expulsion and recorded two demo cassettes, Cerebral Cessation (1988) and Veiled in the Mists of Mystery (1989).
The band went on hold when Holmberg joined Tranquility and was reformed in 1991 by Lagergren and Fransson after leaving Tiamat, together with Fredrik Thörnqvist on vocals and Chelsea Krook on bass. Holmberg returned and replaced Krook on the debut CD EP A Bitter Twist of Fate that was recorded and released by the band themselves (under the record label alias Dödsmetallfirma Expulsion) in 1993.
The debut album Overflow was released in 1994. This album featured guest vocals (on the track At The Madness End) by aforementioned Johan Edlund. The second album Man Against followed in 1996. Although never on any tour, the band played concerts together with bands as At The Gates, Grave, Tiamat, Dismember and Nihilist.
After ten years without any success the band split up in 1998. For a brief period, the members switched vocalist from Thörnqvist to Andreas Jansson under the name Judge And Jury, but ultimately split up in 1999.

## Musical style

On the first two demos, Expulsion "sounded like a thrashier Treblinka", both bands containing Stefan Lagergren and Anders Holmberg and "sound[ing] pretty similar".
Expulsion have often cited the bands Xecutioner, Athetist and Sadus as prime inspirations to start a death metal band. The combination of these influences, and the slower, doomier, bands such as Candlemass and Paradise Lost formed the basis of Expulsion's sound.

## Members

* Stefan Lagergren - guitar (Treblinka, Tiamat, Mr. Death, Voldet)
* Anders Holmberg - bass (also vocals 1988–1991) (Treblinka, Tiamat, Tranquillity)
* Calle Fransson - drums (Stressfest)
* Fredrik Thörnqvst - vocals 1991–1998
* Chris Vowden - guitar 1992–1999 (Stressfest, Mouthpeace)

## Discography
### Albums

* Overflow (1994, Godhead)
* Man Against (1996, Godhead)

### EPs

* A Bitter Twist of Fate (1993, Dödsmetallfirma Expulsion)

### Demo cassettes

* Cerebral Cessation (1988)
* Veiled in the Mists of Mystery (1989)

### Compilation albums

* Certain Corpses Never Decay (2014, Vic Records)
# Spider in My Stew

"Spider in My Stew" is a song composed by Willie Dixon and first recorded by American blues musician Buster Benton. It is performed as a slow, minor-key blues, with Benton's impassioned vocal and B. B. King-influenced electric guitar playing. For the recording, Benton, on vocal and guitar, is joined by blues veterans Dixon on bass, Carey Bell on harmonica, Mighty Joe Young on guitar, and Billy Davenport on drums.
In 1970, the small Supreme Records label released the song on a single, with "Dangerous Woman" on the flip side (no A-side/B-side designations). When the Shreveport, Louisiana, Jewel Records released it again in 1974, it still failed to reach the Billboard charts, but it "gave Benton a taste of fame," according to biographer Bill Dahl.
The song was used as the title track for the well-regarded 1979 Benton album on Jewel subsidiary Ronn Records, Spider in My Stew; however, as the music journalist Tony Russell commented, Benton "never found another money spider." As Benton's best-known song, it is included on several anthology albums of Benton's music and various artists' compilations.
# Zubato Sunce

Zubato Sunce (Toothed Sunbeam) is the second and last studio album by the Serbian rock band Džukele, released by Metropolis Records in 1998. As backing vocalists on the album appeared Atheist Rap, Goblini, and Generacija Bez Budućnosti members.

## Track listing

All lyrics by Slobodan Vukosavljević "Bane" except for track 5, written by Nenad Drašković. All music written by Džukele.

## Personnel

* Leo fon Punkerstein (Artwork By [Design])
* "Draža" (Dragan Neorčić; bass)
* Prndža (Vladimir Šarčević; drums)
* Nenad Drašković (executive producer, lyrics by [track 5])
* Leo (Leonid Pilipović; guitar, vocals)
* Janez Križaj (mixed by, mastered by, producer)
* Željko Vukelić (photography)
* Jan Šaš (recorded by, producer)
* Bane (Slobodan Vukosavljević; lyrics by, vocals, guitar)
* Slobodan Misailović (cymbaline [track 8])
# Newark City Hall

Newark City Hall is located at Government Center in Newark in Essex County, New Jersey. The building was built in 1902 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 17, 1978.

## History

The building is a five-story Beaux Arts style building with a golden dome; built at a cost of $2.6 million. The interior of the building features carved marble, a grand central staircase, stained-glass skylights, decorative plaster and wrought-iron works. Developer Harry Grant paid to have the dome covered in 24 carat gold in 1986. The building was renovated in 2006 at a cost of $18 Million.
# Storry Walton

Storry Walton AM is an Australian academic, writer, producer and director. He produced and directed many television plays and serials, including My Brother Jack. He has directed ABC documentaries on art and on rural matters. While based in London, made programs for the BBC-TV social documentary series, Man Alive.
He was an early director of the Australian Film and Television School and had a long relationship with the National Institute of Dramatic Art.
In 1984 Walton was made a Member of the Order of Australia for "service to the Australian film industry, particularly as director of the Australian Film and Television School".

## Select credits

* The Life and Death of King Richard II (1960) (TV movie) – associate producer
* Continuity Man (1964) (TV series) – producer
* The Stranger (1965) (TV series) – producer
* My Brother Jack (1965) (TV series) – producer
* The Monkey Cage (1966) (TV play)
* Watch It (1966) (TV play)
* No Dogs on Diamond Street (1966)
* The Runaway (1966)
* Love and War – episode "Construction" (1967) – producer
* Casualty (1967) – producer
* One Hundred a Day (1973) (short) – producer
* The First Fagin (2012) (documentary) – associate producer
# Varshilo

Varshilo is a village in Sozopol Municipality, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.
# Experience Hendrix LLC v PPX Enterprises Inc

Experience Hendrix LLC v PPX Enterprises Inc [2003] EWCA Civ 323 is an English contract law case, concerning the availability of restitution damages for breach of contract.

## Facts

Experience Hendrix LLC was the successor in title to Jimi Hendrix's estate. PPX Enterprises were his music publishers and were suing him before he died. Three years after, they settled (1973). The agreement was that PPX were entitled to masters of some of his recordings, in Sch A of the agreement, provided PPX paid royalties to Experience Hendrix. In breach of the agreement, PPX granted licences to masters not in Sch A. Experience Hendrix sued for the breach.

## Judgment

Court of Appeal said it would be unjust if PPX could breach the settlement and avoid paying royalties, which they would have had to pay if the songs were on Sch A. But the case was not exceptional enough to allow an account for all profits.
Mance LJ said they should pay ‘a reasonable sum’ for using the material. That was ‘such sum as might reasonably have been demanded’ by the estate ‘as a quid pro quo for agreeing to permit the two licences into which PPX entered in breach of the settlement agreement’. He said there was an element of artificiality, because permission for the licences may never have been given, but this directed ‘the court’s attention to the commercial value of the right infringed’ and the court could ‘assess the sum payable by reference to the fees that might in other contexts be demanded and paid between willing parties.’

## Outcome

The Hendrix vs Chalpin arguing looked as if it would are resolved in 1973 by method of an edict in the litigation of PPX Enterprises, Inc. v. Davis. Judicial proceedings were held within the judicature of Justice in London. In brief, the Hendrix Estate has acknowledged Enterprises' entitlement of thirty three percent of master recordings and also the preservation of rights to Increased royalty was ruled out in favor of the Estate. Enterprises abandoned all claims against the defendants and in agreement to surrender alternative master recordings then in its possession. Judgment was entered in favor of the defendants and against Enterprises within the quantity of fifty thousand pounds, and Chalpin in person warranted payment of that add.
# List of Mexican states by population

The following table is a list of the 31 federal states of Mexico plus Mexico City, ranked in order of their total population based on data from the last three National Population Census in 2020, 2010 and 2000.
Map of each state's population as of 2015 :
| Rank | State | Population (2020) | Population (2010) | Population (2000) |
| 1 | México | 16,992,418 | 15,175,862 | 13,096,686 |
| 2 | Ciudad de México | 9,209,944 | 8,851,080 | 8,605,239 |
| 3 | Jalisco | 8,348,151 | 7,350,682 | 6,322,002 |
| 4 | Veracruz | 8,062,579 | 7,643,194 | 6,908,975 |
| 5 | Puebla | 6,583,278 | 5,779,829 | 5,076,686 |
| 6 | Guanajuato | 6,166,934 | 5,486,372 | 4,663,032 |
| 7 | Nuevo León | 5,784,442 | 4,653,458 | 3,834,141 |
| 8 | Chiapas | 5,543,828 | 4,796,580 | 3,920,892 |
| 9 | Michoacán | 4,748,846 | 4,351,037 | 4,384,471 |
| 10 | Oaxaca | 4,132,148 | 3,801,962 | 3,438,765 |
| 11 | Baja California | 3,769,020 | 3,155,070 | 2,487,367 |
| 12 | Chihuahua | 3,741,869 | 3,406,465 | 3,052,907 |
| 13 | Guerrero | 3,540,685 | 3,388,768 | 3,079,649 |
| 14 | Tamaulipas | 3,527,735 | 3,268,554 | 2,753,222 |
| 15 | Coahuila de Zaragoza | 3,146,771 | 2,748,391 | 2,298,070 |
| 16 | Hidalgo | 3,082,841 | 2,665,018 | 2,235,591 |
| 17 | Sinaloa | 3,026,943 | 2,767,761 | 2,536,844 |
| 18 | Sonora | 2,944,840 | 2,662,480 | 2,216,969 |
| 19 | San Luis Potosí | 2,822,255 | 2,585,518 | 2,299,360 |
| 20 | Tabasco | 2,402,598 | 2,238,603 | 1,891,829 |
| 21 | Querétaro de Arteaga | 2,368,467 | 1,827,937 | 1,404,306 |
| 22 | Yucatán | 2,320,898 | 1,955,577 | 1,658,210 |
| 23 | Morelos | 1,971,520 | 1,777,227 | 1,555,296 |
| 24 | Quintana Roo | 1,857,985 | 1,325,578 | 874,963 |
| 25 | Durango | 1,832,650 | 1,632,934 | 1,448,661 |
| 26 | Zacatecas | 1,622,138 | 1,490,668 | 1,353,610 |
| 27 | Aguascalientes | 1,425,607 | 1,184,996 | 944,285 |
| 28 | Tlaxcala | 1,342,977 | 1,169,936 | 962,646 |
| 29 | Nayarit | 1,235,456 | 1,084,979 | 920,185 |
| 30 | Campeche | 928,363 | 822,441 | 690,689 |
| 31 | Baja California Sur | 798,447 | 637,026 | 424,041 |
| 32 | Colima | 731,391 | 650,555 | 542,627 |
| Total | Total | 126,014,024 | 112,336,538 | 97,483,412 |