# Namia language

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Namia (Namie, Nemia) is a Sepik language spoken in Namea Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. It goes by various names, such as Edawapi, Lujere, Yellow River. Language use is "vigorous" (Ethnologue).
In Sandaun Province, it is spoken in Ameni (3°58′54″S 141°45′58″E﻿ / ﻿3.981559°S 141.766186°E﻿ / -3.981559; 141.766186﻿ (Ameni (Tipas))), Edwaki, Iwane (3°54′24″S 141°45′20″E﻿ / ﻿3.906643°S 141.755439°E﻿ / -3.906643; 141.755439﻿ (Iwani)), Lawo, Pabei (3°55′37″S 141°46′35″E﻿ / ﻿3.927006°S 141.776325°E﻿ / -3.927006; 141.776325﻿ (Pabei)), and Panewai villages in Namea Rural LLG, and in the Wiyari area. It is also spoken in 19 villages of Yellow River District in East Sepik Province.

## Dialects

Namie dialect groups are:
* Ailuaki: spoken in Yegarapi (3°52′14″S 141°48′02″E﻿ / ﻿3.870583°S 141.800527°E﻿ / -3.870583; 141.800527﻿ (Yegarapi)), Yaru (3°51′18″S 141°48′09″E﻿ / ﻿3.85512°S 141.802378°E﻿ / -3.85512; 141.802378﻿ (Yaru)), and Norambalip (3°48′51″S 141°49′42″E﻿ / ﻿3.814045°S 141.828438°E﻿ / -3.814045; 141.828438﻿ (Normbalip)) villages
* Amani: spoken in Augwom (3°59′34″S 141°43′01″E﻿ / ﻿3.99286°S 141.716817°E﻿ / -3.99286; 141.716817﻿ (Augwom)), Iwani (3°54′24″S 141°45′20″E﻿ / ﻿3.906643°S 141.755439°E﻿ / -3.906643; 141.755439﻿ (Iwani)), Pabei (3°55′37″S 141°46′35″E﻿ / ﻿3.927006°S 141.776325°E﻿ / -3.927006; 141.776325﻿ (Pabei)), Panewai, and Tipas (3°58′54″S 141°45′58″E﻿ / ﻿3.981559°S 141.766186°E﻿ / -3.981559; 141.766186﻿ (Ameni (Tipas))) villages
* Wiari: spoken in Alai (3°54′39″S 141°47′49″E﻿ / ﻿3.910948°S 141.797074°E﻿ / -3.910948; 141.797074﻿ (Alai)), Nami (3°53′48″S 141°52′46″E﻿ / ﻿3.896557°S 141.879322°E﻿ / -3.896557; 141.879322﻿ (Nami)), Worikori (3°55′25″S 141°52′45″E﻿ / ﻿3.923558°S 141.879066°E﻿ / -3.923558; 141.879066﻿ (Warkori)), Akwom (3°56′19″S 141°49′59″E﻿ / ﻿3.938724°S 141.833174°E﻿ / -3.938724; 141.833174﻿ (Akwom)), and Naum (3°55′25″S 141°50′00″E﻿ / ﻿3.923731°S 141.833466°E﻿ / -3.923731; 141.833466﻿ (Naum)) villages
* Lawo: spoken in Mokwidami (3°51′31″S 141°44′39″E﻿ / ﻿3.858705°S 141.744059°E﻿ / -3.858705; 141.744059﻿ (Mokwedami)), Mantopai (3°42′31″S 141°41′55″E﻿ / ﻿3.708668°S 141.698706°E﻿ / -3.708668; 141.698706﻿ (Mantopai)), Yawari (3°40′34″S 141°43′45″E﻿ / ﻿3.676068°S 141.729295°E﻿ / -3.676068; 141.729295﻿ (Yawari)), and Aiendami (3°56′40″S 141°48′24″E﻿ / ﻿3.944326°S 141.806744°E﻿ / -3.944326; 141.806744﻿ (Luwawo (Aiendami))) villages

## Phonology

Namia has only 7 phonemic consonants:
    Namia consonant inventory LabialAlveolarVelar Plosive ptk Nasal mn Tap r Lateral l
Some analyses present /tʃ/ as an eighth phoneme, although its distribution is predictable. [tʃ] and in some cases /r/ are positional variants of /t/, as described in the table below.
Distribution of oral coronal phones in Namia :
| Environment | Phones | Phones | Phones | Examples |
| Environment | Attested | In variation | Unattested | Examples |
| # _ | [t], [l] | [t~r] | *[tʃ] | [tip] 'basket', [lip] 'ditch' |
| _ # | [r], [l] | [r], [l] | *[t], *[tʃ] | [er] 'we two', [el] 'woman' |
| [i u] _ | [tʃ], [r], [l] | [tʃ], [r], [l] | *[t] | [titʃei] 'stone', [irei] 'digging stick', [ilei] 'name' |
| [e ə o a] _ | [r], [l] | [r], [l] | *[tʃ], *[t] | [ari] 'already', [alu] 'branch' |
| V _ C V | [r], [l] | [r], [l] | *[tʃ], *[t] | [irno] 'face', [ilpok] 'storm front' |
| V C _ V | [r], [l], [t] | [r], [l], [t] | *[tʃ] | [amral] 'width', [amtou] 'red pandanus', [emomle] 'awaken' |
Word-initially [r] may be heard in place of expected [t] in rapid speech if the previous word ends in a vowel. In no environment do more than three phonemes contrast, meaning that a fourth oral coronal /tʃ/ is not required. [tʃ] only occurs following high vowels /i/ or /u/ (e.g. [putʃwapu] 'lazy') where it can be seen as an allophone of /t/. In most environments only two phonemes contrast, suggesting that /r/ only recently diverged from /t/.
There are 6 vowels in Namia:
    FrontCentralBack Close iu Mid eəo Open a
The glides [j w] occur as allophones of /i u/, e.g. /iapu/ [japu] 'Sepik river', /uəla/ → [wəla] 'house'.

## Grammar

Unlike other Sepik languages, Namia has an inclusive-exclusive distinction for the first-person pronoun, which could possibly be due to diffusion from Torricelli languages. Inclusive-exclusive first-person pronominal distinctions are also found in the Yuat languages and Grass languages.

## Vocabulary

The following basic vocabulary words are from Foley (2005) and Laycock (1968), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:
    glossNamia head magu ear mak eye eno nose nəmala; nɨmala tooth pinarɨ; pinarə tongue lar leg liː; lipala louse nanpeu dog ar; ara pig lwae bird eyu egg puna blood norə bone lak skin urarə breast mu tree mi man lu woman ere sun wuluwa moon yem water ijo; ito fire ipi stone lijei name ilei eat (t) one tipia two pəli