OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emmanouil Benakis

Emmanouil Benakis (Greek: Εμμανουήλ Μπενάκης; 1843 in Ermoupoli, Syros – June 20, 1929 in Kifisia) was a Greek merchant and politician, considered a national benefactor of Greece.

## Biography

After studying in England, Benakis emigrated to Alexandria, Egypt, where he worked for the Greek cotton industrialist Horemi, and into whose family he married. He had six children, among whom were the writer Penelope Delta and the art collector Antonis Benakis. Benakis became the president of the Greek community in Alexandria and ran the largest enterprise of Greek cotton brokers in Egypt. He accumulated a considerable fortune.
As a close friend of Eleftherios Venizelos, he was elected to the Hellenic Parliament and served as Minister of Agriculture and Industry. He was elected mayor of the city of Athens in 1914.
Among other benefactions he contributed to the settlement of refugees in the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish war in Asia Minor. He donated to the Red Cross Nurses' School and the Athens College. He provided for his fortune to be posthumously placed at the disposal of several charitable foundations, and his funeral was carried out at Greek public expense.
The Benaki Phytopathological Institute was one such institution founded through his legacy.
# Seattle Post Globe

The Seattle Post Globe was an Internet news site containing Web logs (blogs), photography and links to editorial sources covering events and issues in Seattle, Washington state. The online-only news operation partnered with KCTS public television and KPLU public radio in Washington state. The offices of Seattle Post-Globe were located inside the KCTS building on Mercer Street in Seattle.

## History

The Seattle Post Globe was founded by Kery Murakami, a former politics and metro reporter for the Seattle Post-Intelligencer newspaper, which ceased publication on March 17, 2009. Murakami, as well as several other former Post-Intelligencer journalists, created the primary content which appears on the Web site.
The site was founded under the principle of non-profit journalism, and was meant to offer editorial views that compete with The Seattle Times, as well as other mainstream media outlets in the region. It ceased publication on July 29, 2011.
# Gerald L. Gordon

Gerald L. Gordon is an American economist and author, who is the president and chief executive officer of the Fairfax County Economic Development Authority (FCEDA) in Fairfax County, Virginia, a position he has held since late 1983. In 2016, Virginia Business magazine named Gordon one of its "50 most influential Virginians." He was named to the same list in 2013, 2014 and 2015. In 2015, Gordon was honored by International Economic Development Council with the Jeffrey A. Finkle Organizational Leadership Award for a “lasting commitment to the field of economic development.”

## Career

Gordon holds a bachelor's degree from The Citadel, a master's degree from George Washington University, and a doctorate in international economics from The Catholic University of America.
Prior to joining FCEDA, Gordon held positions with Arlington County, Virginia and the United States Department of Labor. Gordon has taught at the University of Maryland, College Park, George Mason University, and Virginia Commonwealth University.
Gordon was awarded a Fulbright Award for study in Scotland,

## Publishing

Gordon is the author of 13 books. His most recent, The Economic Survival of America's Isolated Small Towns, from CRC Press (2015), "provides a detailed discussion of the context of these towns, from the internal challenges that isolate them and force independent action to the extent to which they can rely on neighboring or other macro-level resources."
In 2013, Gordon published The Economic Viability of Micropolitan America, which "highlights cities and towns from Bangor, Maine, to Walla Walla, Washington to provide case studies on their economic past and future, illustrate dramatic shifts in the roles they play in larger economies, and address questions asked by these communities as they face an uncertain future."
In 2018, Gordon's "Understanding Community Economic Growth and Decline" was published by Routledge Press in New York. This work discusses means by which local communities can accelerate their pace of economic development or redevelopment.
Reinventing Local and Regional Economies, published by CRC Press (2011), “delineates the dos and don’ts to observe in order to sustain economic vitality in any community.”
In 2009, Gordon published The Formula for Economic Growth on Main Street America, also by CRC Press. The book is part of CRC's American Society for Public Administration series designed to increase national and international interest for topics in public administration.
On June 11, 2013, the FCEDA announced that Gordon was named chairman of The Foundation for Fairfax County Public Schools. He chaired that board until July 2016. In July 2015 he also assumed chairmanship of the advisory board of the George Mason University Honors College.

## Awards and honors

In December 2010, Gordon was named 2010 Virginia Business Person of the Year by Virginia Business magazine, which cited his role in helping attract major business headquarters to Fairfax County as a key factor in their decision. Virginia Business also named him one of its “50 most influential Virginians” list in 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016.
# Aechmea warasii

Aechmea warasii is a plant species in the genus Aechmea. This species is endemic to the State of Espírito Santo in eastern Brazil.

## Cultivars

* Aechmea 'Angulation'
* Aechmea 'Greg Schol'
# 15th (Scottish Volunteer) Parachute Battalion

The 15th (Scottish Volunteer) Parachute Battalion was an airborne infantry battalion of the Parachute Regiment, originally raised as 15th (King's) Parachute Battalion by the British Army in World War II.
The 15th Parachute Battalion was formed in India during 1945 from the 1st Battalion the King's Regiment (Liverpool). Prior to this the 1st Battalion King's had been part of the Chindits special force and taken part in the second Chindit expedition, Operation Thursday, of 1944. It was assigned to the 77th Chindit Brigade, taking part in the Battle of Mogaung in June 1944. It then became part of the 44th Indian Airborne Division.
The war ended before the battalion was committed to any combat but a number of officers and sergeants parachuted into Japanese Prisoner of War Camps in Java, Sumatra, Bangkok and Singapore to provide aid to the prisoners. After the war, the battalion was reconverted to standard line infantry as the 1st King's Regiment (Liverpool).
During the Royal Indian Navy mutiny of February 1946, HMIS Hindustan was berthed at Karachi, and occupied by mutineers. When ordered to debark the mutineers refused, but finally surrendered after a brief firefight with the 15th (King's) Parachute Battalion, supported by four 75mm pack howitzers of C Troop, 159 Parachute Light Regiment, Royal Artillery.

## Territorial Army

The battalion was reformed by the Territorial Army in 1947 as the 15th (Scottish) Parachute Battalion (TA). In 1967 it was re-designated 15 PARA (SV) and came under command of the 44th Parachute Brigade.
In June 1974, Warrant Officer Class 2 John Gordon McRae became the first territorial to be awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal. During a practice parachute jump from a C-130 the parachute of one of his men failed to open. The man crashed through McRae’s rigging and as he did so McRae managed to keep a hold of him and they both descended safely on the one parachute.
During September 1974 the battalion suffered the highest loss of TA soldiers during a major NATO exercise. Dropped off course, six men landed in the Kiel Canal and drowned. Defence cuts in April 1993 resulted in the amalgamation of the three remaining TA parachute battalions. The battalion numbered 4th Battalion, Parachute Regiment, retains a rifle company (15th (Scottish initially, now re-designated A Company) based in Scotland.
# Toop

Notable people with the surname Toop include:
* David Toop (born 1949), English musician and academic
* Ernest Toop (1895–1976), New Zealand politician and businessman
* Mike Toop, American football coach, retired in 2021
* Richard Toop (1945–2017), English-Australian musicologist
# 29th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment (New Zealand)

The 29th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment was an air defence regiment of the New Zealand Military Forces raised during the Second World War. It saw service as part of the 3rd New Zealand Division during the Solomon Islands campaign and was disbanded in October 1944.

## History
### Formation

The 29th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment was formed at Pahautanui in August 1942. By the end of September, four batteries had been formed—namely 207, 208, 209 and 214 batteries—with each battery armed with twelve Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft guns.

### Disbandment

Owing to manpower shortages, 29th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment was disbanded along with the rest of the 3rd Division in October 1944. During the war, the regiment had lost 24 men killed and 46 wounded.
# Estienne Family

The House of Estienne is a French noble family from Provence. Its most illustrious member is Henri Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves, a French Navy officer, reputed "first martyr of Free France" and one of the major heroes of the French Resistance.

## History and branches

The house of Estienne is known since the 15th century. The family is divided in four main genealogical branches:
* the Lords of Orves,
* the Lords of Saint-Jean,
* the Lords of Bourguet,
* the Lords of Villemus.

## Notable members

* Nicolas d'Estienne d'Orves (b. 1974), French journalist and writer.
* Honoré d’Estienne d’Orves (1901–1941), Navy officer and Second World War hero.
* Louis-Jules d'Estienne du Bourguet (1771–1834), officer, mayor of Aix-en-Provence from 1815 to 1830.
* Jean-Baptiste d'Estienne du Bourguet (1760–1821), Navy officer and mathematician.
* Thomas d'Estienne d'Orves (1727–1782), French admiral.
* François d'Estienne (1549–1593), Lord of Saint-Jean de la Salle and Montfuron, President of the Parliament of Provence.
* François d'Estienne de Saint-Jean de Prunières, last bishop of Grasse (from 1753 to 1790).

## Coat of arms and motto

| Image | Coat of arms |
| | d’Estienne de Villemus, du Bourguet et de Saint-Estève D'azur à une fasce d'or accompagnée de trois besants d'argent, deux en chef et un en pointe |
| | d’Estienne de Saint-Jean et d’Orves De gueules à la bande d’or, accompagnée en chef d’un gland d’or, vêtu, tigé et feuillé du même, et en pointe d’un besant aussi d’or ; au chef cousu d’azur, chargé de trois étoiles d’or |
* Mottos: Fluere desinet unquam; Folium non defluet unquam.
* Supporters: two golden griffins
* Crown: Marquis

## Derived names

* D'Estienne d'Orves-class aviso also known as the A69 type, it is a class of French Navy avisos
# List of UK Independent Singles Chart number ones of 2003

These are the Official Charts Company UK Official Indie Chart number one hits of 2003.
| Issue date | Song | Artist |
| 5 January | "Sacred Trust / After You're Gone" | One True Voice |
| 12 January | "Danger! High Voltage" | Electric Six |
| 19 January | "True" | Jaimeson featuring Angel Blu |
| 26 January | "Mundian To Bach Ke" | Panjabi MC |
| 2 February | "Mundian To Bach Ke" | Panjabi MC |
| 9 February | "Cry Me a River" | Justin Timberlake |
| 16 February | "Cry Me a River" | Justin Timberlake |
| 23 February | "Cry Me a River" | Justin Timberlake |
| 2 March | "Cry Me a River" | Justin Timberlake |
| 9 March | "Cry Me a River" | Justin Timberlake |
| 16 March | "Cry Me a River" | Justin Timberlake |
| 23 March | "Flash" | Queen + Vanguard |
| 30 March | "Weekend!" | Scooter |
| 6 April | "Weekend!" | Scooter |
| 13 April | "Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me)" | Erasure |
| 20 April | "Weekend" | Scooter |
| 27 April | "Seven Nation Army" | The White Stripes |
| 4 May | "Seven Nation Army" | The White Stripes |
| 11 May | "Ignition Remix" | R. Kelly |
| 18 May | "Ignition Remix" | R. Kelly |
| 25 May | "Ignition Remix" | R. Kelly |
| 1 June | "Ignition Remix" | R. Kelly |
| 8 June | "Ignition Remix" | R. Kelly |
| 15 June | "Ignition Remix" | R. Kelly |
| 22 June | "Ignition Remix" | R. Kelly |
| 29 June | "Ignition Remix" | R. Kelly |
| 6 July | "I Just Need Myself" | Ocean Color Scene |
| 13 July | "Fast Food Song" | Fast Food Rockers |
| 20 July | "Fast Food Song" | Fast Food Rockers |
| 27 July | "Maybe Tomorrow" | Stereophonics |
| 3 August | "Maybe Tomorrow" | Stereophonics |
| 10 August | "I'm in Heaven" | Jason Nevins |
| 17 August | "Complete" | Jaimeson |
| 24 August | "Don't Look Back into the Sun | The Libertines |
| 31 August | "Are You Ready for Love" | Elton John |
| 7 September | "Are You Ready for Love" | Elton John |
| 14 September | "Are You Ready for Love" | Elton John |
| 21 September | "Are You Ready for Love" | Elton John |
| 28 September | "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" | The Darkness |
| 5 October | "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" | The Darkness |
| 12 October | "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" | The Darkness |
| 19 October | "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" | The Darkness |
| 26 October | "Jumpin'" | Liberty X |
| 2 November | "Jumpin'" | Liberty X |
| 9 November | "Burn Burn" | Lost Prophets |
| 16 November | "Since I Told You It's Over" | Stereophonics |
| 23 November | "The Hardest Button to Button" | The White Stripes |
| 30 November | "Jus' a Rascal" | Dizzee Rascal |
| 7 December | "The Closest Thing to Crazy" | Katie Melua |
| 14 December | "Changes" | Ozzy Osbourne and Kelly Osbourne |
| 21 December | "Mad World" | Michael Andrews featuring Gary Jules |
| 28 December | "Mad World" | Michael Andrews featuring Gary Jules |
# Emathis

Emathis is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders) with ten described species. Half of the species occurs from Sumatra to the Philippines, the other five occur in the West Indies. It is not certain that these two groups should reside within the same genus. This genus is very similar to the closely related Lepidemathis, which are larger.

## Species

* Emathis astorgasensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
* Emathis coprea (Thorell, 1890) – Sumatra
* Emathis luteopunctata Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Puerto Rico
* Emathis makilingensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
* Emathis minuta Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Puerto Rico
* Emathis portoricensis Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Puerto Rico
* Emathis scabra (Thorell, 1890) – Sumatra
* Emathis tetuani Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Puerto Rico
* Emathis unispina Franganillo, 1930 – Cuba
* Emathis weyersi Simon, 1899 – Sumatra to Philippines

## Footnotes

* ↑ Murphy & Murphy 2000: 283f
# Seafarer Bahama 35 MS

The Seafarer Bahama 35 MS is a Dutch sailboat that was designed by American naval architect Philip Rhodes as a cruiser and first built in 1960. It was Rhodes' design #702.
The design was developed by Seafarer Yachts into the Seafarer 38C in 1972.

## Production

The design was built by de Vries Lentsch in the Netherlands starting in 1960 and Seafarer Yachts imported it in the United States. It is now out of production.

## Design

The Seafarer Bahama 35 MS is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, an angled transom, a rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed long keel. It displaces 12,500 lb (5,670 kg) and carries 4,200 lb (1,905 kg) of lead ballast.
The boat has a draft of 4.50 ft (1.37 m) with the standard keel.
The boat is fitted with a Universal 70 hp (52 kW) inboard engine for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds 60 U.S. gallons (230 L; 50 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 110 U.S. gallons (420 L; 92 imp gal).
The design has a hull speed of 6.87 kn (12.72 km/h).
# Koło Castle

Koło Castle - a Gothic castle, which according to Jan Długosz was raised by Casimir III the Great before the year of 1362 (when Koło received its town rights). The castle secured the route from Greater Poland to Łęczyca, in the lowlands of the River Warta. The castle is located on an artificial hill on a meander of the River Warta. During the raising of the castle, the river had a number of tributaries in the area, which were important for the castle's strategic location.

## History

According to the documents by Jan Długosz, the castle was built before 1362; when Casimir III the Great called for the construction of the castle. The castle was built towards the end of Casimir's reign, and it is uncertain if the king has ever stayed in the castle; as there are no sources which would state otherwise.
Archaeological finds indicate that the first defensive structures were built before the reign of Casimir III the Great; the tower - a donjon was built on a stone foundation, surrounded by a wooden and soil embankment which may have been built under the order of Bolesław the Pious (according to M. Żemigała), Henryk Głogowczyk, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (according to T. Poklewski-Kozieło). The gord is surrounded by the flood waters of the River Warta.
During the reign of Casimir III the Great, the town hall, the Church of the Holy Cross were built in Koło (the town's first stone buildings).
Casimir III the Great received the legation of the Lizard Union in the castle. After the Battle of Grunwald important decisions regarding the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War were thought of in the castle. During the years of 1476 to 1481 the castle was the residence for the Princess Anna of Sochaczew. In the mid-sixteenth century the castle began to deteriorate. In 1655 the castle was taken by the Swedes. In the eighteenth century Augustus III of Poland gave the castle to the Bernardinians of Koło, which had partially deconstructed the castle to reconstruct a damaged monastery; however due to the strong mortar the castle could not be fully deconstructed.
The castle in Koło was an important stronghold. In the 1950s the castle had undergone renovation. During archaeological studies in the 1970s the archaeologists discovered an unknown foundation, which allowed for the full reconstruction of the castle. Many other archaeological finds were discovered: glass from the windows, glass dishes and a chess piece. However it is unknown where the main gate of the castle is located.
# 1772 in Denmark

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1772 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Christian VII
* Prime minister – Johann Friedrich Struensee (until 17 January), Ove Høegh-Guldberg

## Events

* 18 January – Queen Caroline Matilda, Johann Friedrich Struensee and Enevold Brandt were arrested and their rule ended in a palace coup.
* 28 April – Struensee and Brandt are executed by beheading at the Eastern Commons outside Copenhagen. Afterwards their bodies are drawn and quartered.
* 30 April – The Norwegian Society is founded in Copenhagen as a national venue for Norwegian students.
* 16 May – A treaty between Christian VII and the Bey of Algiers brings an end to the Danish-Algerian War.
* 14 October – Royal Danish Medical Society is founded.

### Undated

* Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark is designated as regent of Denmark.
* Masquerades, horse races and foreign line dancers are prohibited.
* The military language for use in writing and commands is changed from German to Danish.

## Births

* 17 June – Hans Peter Holm, naval officer (died 1812)
* 19 August – Johan Frederik Bardenfleth, naval officer, court official and governor-general of the Danish West Indies (died 1833)

## Deaths

* April 28
** Enevold Brandt, courtier (born 1738)
** Johann Friedrich Struensee, physician, statesman, de facto regent of Denmark (born 1737)
* 8 June – Ulrik Fredrik de Cicignon, military officer (born 1698)
* 17 August – Christen Lindencrone, merchant and landowner (born 1703)
* Johanne Seizberg, illustrator and teacher (born 1732)
# 42nd Street Line

42nd Street Line may refer to:
* IRT 42nd Street Shuttle, Manhattan, New York City, United States
* The IRT Flushing Line runs partially under 42nd Street in Manhattan
* 42nd Street Crosstown Line (Manhattan surface), now the M42 bus route
# Estienne Du Tronchet

Estienne Du Tronchet (1510/15–1578/84) was a letter-writer and translator in Renaissance France.

## Life

Du Tronchet was born in Montbrison (Forez) between 1510 and 1515. Orphaned as a child, he was raised by an uncle, Jean Thevenon, who was a merchant in Roanne. Probably while still in his teens he was taken into service by Jean d'Albon de Saint-André, Governor of Lyon, as a secretary, and was employed on both diplomatic and military business. After his employer's death in 1549, he entered the service of his son, Jacques d'Albon de Saint-André, accompanying him to England and on campaign until his capture at the Battle of St. Quentin on 10 August 1557. At some point he briefly worked for Queen Mother Catherine de' Medici.
Returning to Forez after the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), he began to live beyond his means. Discovered embezzling public funds, he went into debt to repay what he had illegally "borrowed". He narrowly escaped death at the hands of Huguenots during the Massacre of Montbrison in July 1562. His protector, Jacques d'Albon, died in the Battle of Dreux on 19 December 1562. Around 1565, Du Tronchet was imprisoned for debt. In 1569 he published a collection of letters and missives that was reprinted several times to the middle of the following century.
In need of new employment, he entered the service of the diplomat François Rougier, accompanying him to the Low Countries and then to Rome. He died in Rome, at some time between 1578 and 1584.

## Works

* Lettres missives et familieres (Paris, Lucas Breyer, 1569).
* Finances et thresor de la plume françoise (Paris, Nicolas du Chemin, 1572).
* Lettres amoureuses (Paris, Lucas Breyer, 1572).
* Discours académiques florentins (Paris, Lucas Breyer, 1576)
* Distiques de Caton pour les bonnes moeurs (Paris, Léon Cavellat, 1584)

## Studies

* Mary Saint Francis Sullivan, Étienne Du Tronchet: auteur forézien du XVIe siècle. Étude biographique et littéraire (Catholic University of America, 1931)
# Slán leis an gCeol

Slán leis an gCeol (lit. 'Farewell to Music') is a 2019 film documenting the life of Tony MacMahon, an Irish traditional musician. The film was directed and produced by Irish filmmaker Cathal Ó Cuaig.
The film premiered at the Temple Bar TradFest on the 26 January 2019 and was attended by the President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins as guest of honour. This screening was followed by a Q&A with Tony MacMahon and Cathal Ó Cuaig, hosted by Tristan Rosenstock. It also was shown at the 2019 Dingle International Film Festival on 24 March 2019. It was first broadcast on RTÉ One television on the 28 March 2019.
It won the Celtic Media Festival's Torc Award for Excellence in the Arts category in 2020. It has also won the European Prix CIRCOM Regional Programme Award in 2020 in the Music & Arts category.
The film was broadcast on Croatian Television Broadcaster HRT on 14 May 2021. On 15 June 2021, the Galician Television Channel CRTVG also broadcast the film.
# Aegilops columnaris

Aegilops columnaris (syn. Triticum columnare (Zhuk.) Morris & Sears, comb. nov.) is a species in the family Poaceae.