OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Riemann solver

A Riemann solver is a numerical method used to solve a Riemann problem. They are heavily used in computational fluid dynamics and computational magnetohydrodynamics.

## Definition

Generally speaking, Riemann solvers are specific methods for computing the numerical flux across a discontinuity in the Riemann problem. They form an important part of high-resolution schemes; typically the right and left states for the Riemann problem are calculated using some form of nonlinear reconstruction, such as a flux limiter or a WENO method, and then used as the input for the Riemann solver.

## Exact solvers

Sergei K. Godunov is credited with introducing the first exact Riemann solver for the Euler equations, by extending the previous CIR (Courant-Isaacson-Rees) method to non-linear systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. Modern solvers are able to simulate relativistic effects and magnetic fields.
More recent research shows that an exact series solution to the Riemann problem exists, which may converge fast enough in some cases to avoid the iterative methods required in Godunov's scheme.

## Approximate solvers

As iterative solutions are too costly, especially in magnetohydrodynamics, some approximations have to be made. Some popular solvers are:

### Roe solver

Philip L. Roe used the linearisation of the Jacobian, which he then solves exactly.

### HLLE solver

The HLLE solver (developed by Ami Harten, Peter Lax, Bram van Leer and Einfeldt) is an approximate solution to the Riemann problem, which is only based on the integral form of the conservation laws and the largest and smallest signal velocities at the interface. The stability and robustness of the HLLE solver is closely related to the signal velocities and a single central average state, as proposed by Einfeldt in the original paper

### HLLC solver

The HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact) solver was introduced by Toro. It restores the missing rarefaction wave by using an estimation technique, such as linearisation. More advanced techniques exist, like using the Roe average velocity for the middle wave speed. These schemes are quite robust and efficient but somewhat more diffusive.

### Rotated-hybrid Riemann solvers

These solvers were introduced by Hiroaki Nishikawa and Kitamura, in order to overcome the carbuncle problems of the Roe solver and the excessive diffusion of the HLLE solver at the same time. They developed robust and accurate Riemann solvers by combining the Roe solver and the HLLE/Rusanov solvers: they show that being applied in two orthogonal directions the two Riemann solvers can be combined into a single Roe-type solver (the Roe solver with modified wave speeds). In particular, the one derived from the Roe and HLLE solvers, called Rotated-RHLL solver, is extremely robust (carbuncle-free for all possible test cases on both structured and unstructured grids) and accurate (as accurate as the Roe solver for the boundary layer calculation).

### Other solvers

There are a variety of other solvers available, including more variants of the HLL scheme and solvers based on flux-splitting via characteristic decomposition.
# Canadian Ethnic Media Association

The Canadian Ethnic Media Association (CEMA), founded in 1978 as the Canadian Ethnic Journalists and Writers Club, is an organization for professionals engaged in the field of print and electronic journalism and creative writing.
CEMA upholds the principles of Canadian citizenship and multiculturalism and maintains and the right of freedom of expression without ethnocentric bias. The emphasis of CEMA is on the exchange of ideas rather than lobbying although, when necessary, statements are made on pressing topics to whomever they may concern such as the exclusion of ethnic journalists from sources of news and information open to mainstream media.
CEMA operates as an independent organization, without financial support from governments.
It hosts an annual award and in 2004 also established Sierhey Khmara Ziniak Award for best contribution to the idea of multiculturalism through journalism.

## Board of directors

* Chair, Madeline Ziniak
* President, Kiumars (Kiu) Rezvanifar, Editor at Persian Tribune
* 1st Vice President, Vasil Yancoff, Producer, Macedonian Heritage Hour;
* Treasurer, Irene Chu, Toronto Writers' Association and Chinese Canadian News;
* Secretary, Gina Valle, Writer/researcher;
* Membership, Elena Zolotko, Russian journalist;
* Webmaster, Zuhair Kashmeri, OMNI-TV South Asian News and Diversity commentator; author, writer and editor; TV documentary producer;
* Membership, Alexander Gershtein – Journalist and documentary producer;
* Immediate Past President, Ace Alvarez, Managing Editor, Producer, Front Page Philippines.
# Cannero Riviera

Cannero Riviera ([càn-ne-ro]; in Western Lombard Càner), is a comune (an Italian municipality) with a population of 973 and an area of 14.46 square kilometres (5.58 sq mi) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont. The settlement is situated on the western shore of Lago Maggiore; it is about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Verbania and a similar distance from the Italian-speaking, Swiss Canton known as the Ticino.
Cannero Riviera borders the following municipalities: Aurano, Cannobio, Oggebbio, Trarego Viggiona; and across the lake in the Lombard Province of Varese: Brezzo di Bedero, Germignaga, Luino.
The 19th-century politician Massimo D’Azeglio spent his last years in his villa here.
# Candyholic

Candyholic may refer to:
* Addiction to candy
* "Candyholic" (song), a single by Antic Cafe
# Scott Mason (cricketer)

Scott Robert Mason (27 July 1976 – 9 April 2005) was an Australian cricketer who played first-class cricket for Tasmania. He was a left-handed batsman who averaged 27.21 with the bat in 28 first-class games and 9.42 with the bat in 8 one-day domestic games. In first-class cricket he scored 1252 runs with two centuries and five half-centuries with a highest score of 174. In one-day domestic cricket he scored just 66 runs with a highest score of 16.
In 2003–04 season he scored 126 against WA.

## Death

Mason was feeling sluggish during pre-season training in August 2004. He discovered he had a heart condition and underwent open heart surgery to have a new valve inserted. This meant he missed the 2004–05 season.
On 7 April 2005 Scott Mason suffered a heart-attack while batting in the nets for Tasmania. Two days later he was officially declared dead in the Royal Hobart Hospital. He was 28.

## Legacy

Former Tasmanian captain Jamie Cox paid tribute to Mason:
   It is just tragic and ironic that a guy whose heart was metaphorically so big and a man who was so courageous that it was the thing in the end that cost him his life. A likeable guy, competitive and inspirational, and one of our true team leaders, and we missed him on the field enormously this season, undoubtedly on the field, but nowhere near as much as we will miss him now. He was such a natural leader and so much so, he may have been a future Tasmanian captain. His career was just about to take off when he was struck down last year."... He was a guy who was as tough as possible, and took his last breath with his bat in his hand, like a warrior. He touched a lot of people in his life, he was a really determined little bugger who never gave in but unfortunately this battle was too much for him.
Mason's life is commemorated by an annual Sheffield Shield game in Hobart between Tasmania and Victoria, the Scott Mason Memorial.
# Candyland (James McMurtry album)

Candyland is the second album by the American musician James McMurtry, released in 1992. McMurtry supported the album by participating in the "In Their Own Words: A Bunch of Songwriters Sittin' Around Singing" tour, with Marshall Crenshaw, Don Dixon, Jules Shear, and David Halley.

## Production

Produced by Michael Wanchic, the album was recorded in 1990. John Mellencamp coproduced one song, and most of his band played on the album. David Grissom played lead guitar. Candyland's release date was pushed back numerous times, due to Columbia Records' doubts about the songs, problems with McMurtry's management company, and Columbia's request that McMurtry record new material. McMurtry wrote all of the songs, mostly in the studio. He did not like to write about his personal life and also found it more difficult to write about pleasant subjects. The title track is about suburbia; McMurtry wrote it because his band thought he needed a song with a faster tempo. "Where's Johnny" is about a faded high school big man on campus. "Safe Side" describes segregated American neighborhoods. In "Hands Like Rain", an old man remembers how a woman helped him get through a rough period in his life.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Calgary Herald | B+ |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| The Indianapolis Star | |
| MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide | |
Trouser Press opined that "the songs stand out more as hummable tunes," writing that "it's a compelling assortment of small-town tragedies of lost love, lost youth and lost ideals that exposes unpleasant aspects of an America most people would prefer to deny." The New York Times determined that McMurtry's "characters are detached, stranded without frontiers to strive toward; their lives are cluttered with things they're not sure they need." The Boston Globe stated: "His trump card is resignation, and the Americans he profiles can be characterized as closed-minded. Their world, spiritually and financially mediocre, is unchanging."
The Indianapolis Star noted that "cynics might justly accuse McMurtry of merely painting by numbers in this 10-song follow-up." The Kitchener-Waterloo Record panned "McMurtry's almost directionless voice and often somnolent writing." Rolling Stone concluded that, "with his dusty voice and limited range, McMurtry needs to vary his laconic delivery to ensure that his singing doesn't fade to gray after a half-dozen songs."
AllMusic wrote that "McMurtry offers a deep, personable (if plain) voice and delivery, equally suited to both country and rock."
# Schwarzer Mann

The Schwarzer Mann ("Black Man") is a mountain in the western part of the Eifel which is known as Schnee Eifel. With a height of 697.8 meters it is the highest peak in the Schnee Eifel and third highest in the Eifel.

## Geography
### Location

The Schwarzer Mann rises in the west of the Eifel in the Schnee Eifel, near the border with Belgium and within the High Fens-Eifel Nature Park. Its mountain summit lies around 3 kilometres west of Halenfeld (part of Buchet), 3.8 km west-northwest of Wascheid (part of Gondenbrett) and 3.3 km (each as the crow flies) north of Sellerich; the boundary between Buchet and Sellerich runs over the top. In the vicinity is the town of Prüm to the southeast as well as the villages of Bleialf to the west-southwest and Ormont to the northeast. On the northern slopes of the mountain rises the Alfbach stream, on the eastern mountainside, the Litzenmehlenbach and on its southern slopes, the Mönbach.
Near the summit is the Tranchotstein. This small boundary stone was named after French geographer, Jean Joseph Tranchot (1752–1815), who undertook a survey of the Rhinelands by order of Napoleon Bonaparte.

### Geology

The Schwarzer Mann is made of quartzite which is also 15-kilometers-long.

## Usage

The area surrounding of Schwarzer Mann is a well-developed hiking area and the largest skiing area in Rhineland-Palatinate.

## Flora and fauna

The heavily wooded mountain ridge is covered mainly with spruce and is host to a number of rare wild species including the European wildcat.

## Name

The name of the mountain is derived from the nearby abandoned lead ore mine in Bleialf from which the miners would return with blackened faces.
# Canon EF 35–80mm lens

The EF 35-80mm f/4-5.6 USM lens is a family of EF mount wide-to-normal zoom lenses manufactured and sold by Canon. There were five versions made. One contained a piezoelectric motor, three contained a micro motor, and one contained a USM motor.

## Specifications

| Attribute | f/4-5.6 PZ | f/4-5.6 | f/4-5.6 USM | f/4-5.6 II | f/4-5.6 III |
| Image | | | | | |
| Key features ||||||
| Full-frame compatible | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Image stabilizer | No | No | No | No | No |
| Environmental Sealing | No | No | No | No | No |
| Ultrasonic Motor | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| L-series | No | No | No | No | No |
| Diffractive Optics | No | No | No | No | No |
| Technical data ||||||
| Aperture (max–min) | f/4-5.6–f/32 | f/4-5.6–f/32 | f/4-5.6–f/32 | f/4-5.6–f/32 | f/4-5.6–f/32 |
| Construction | 7 groups / 7 elements | 8 groups / 8 elements | 8 groups / 8 elements | 8 groups / 8 elements | 8 groups / 8 elements |
| # of diaphragm blades | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Closest focusing distance | 0.5 m (1.6 ft) | 0.37 m (1.2 ft) | 0.37 m (1.2 ft) | 0.37 m (1.2 ft) | 0.4 m (1.3 ft) |
| Max. magnification | 0.18x | 0.25x | 0.25x | 0.25x | 0.23x |
| Horizontal viewing angle | 54°–30° | 54°–30° | 54°–30° | 54°–30° | 54°–30° |
| Diagonal viewing angle | 63°–17° | 63°–17° | 63°–17° | 63°–17° | 63°–17° |
| Vertical viewing angle | 38°–25° | 38°–25° | 38°–25° | 38°–25° | 38°–25° |
| Physical data ||||||
| Weight | 205 g (0.452 lb) | 180 g (0.40 lb) | 170 g (0.37 lb) | 170 g (0.37 lb) | 175 g (0.386 lb) |
| Maximum diameter | 68 mm (2.7 in) | 68.6 mm (2.70 in) | 65 mm (2.6 in) | 65 mm (2.6 in) | 65 mm (2.6 in) |
| Length | 72 mm (2.8 in) | 61 mm (2.4 in) | 61 mm (2.4 in) | 61 mm (2.4 in) | 63.5 mm (2.50 in) |
| Filter diameter | 52 mm | 52 mm | 52 mm | 52 mm | 52 mm |
| Accessories ||||||
| Lens hood | ES-62 with 62-L adapter | EW-62 | EW-54II | EW-54II | EW-54II |
| Retail information ||||||
| Release date | March 1990 | September 1990 | April 1992 | September 1993 | March 1995 |
| Currently in production? | No | No | No | No | No |
| MSRP US$ | 26,000 yen | 22,000 yen | 26,000 yen | $159.00 | ? |
# Scott Hensley

Scott Hensley is an engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 for his contributions to radar remote sensing of the Earth and planetary bodies, and advancements in interferometric synthetic-aperture radar.
# Cantons of Saint-Paul

The cantons of Saint-Paul are administrative divisions of Réunion, an overseas department and region of France. Since the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the city of Saint-Paul is subdivided into 3 cantons. Their seat is in Saint-Paul.

## Cantons

| Name | Population (2019) | Cantonal Code |
| Canton of Saint-Paul-1 | 32,850 | 97417 |
| Canton of Saint-Paul-2 | 33,893 | 97418 |
| Canton of Saint-Paul-3 | 36,465 | 97419 |
# Canton Township, Ohio

Canton Township is one of the seventeen townships of Stark County, Ohio, United States. Just south of the city of Canton itself, the 2020 census found 12,477 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the central part of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Plain Township - north
* Nimishillen Township - northeast corner
* Osnaburg Township - east
* Sandy Township - southeast corner
* Pike Township - south
* Bethlehem Township - southwest corner
* Perry Township - west
* Jackson Township - northwest corner
The city of Canton, the county seat of Stark County, occupies much of northern Canton Township. A small area around the northwest corner of the township remains outside of the city of Canton, and part of this area is occupied by part of the village of Meyers Lake. The unincorporated communities of North Industry and Waco are located in the southern and central parts of the township, respectively.

## Name and history

It is the only Canton Township statewide.
Canton Township was described in 1833 as having five gristmills, nine saw mills, four fulling mills, six tanneries, nineteen stores, one oil mill and one blast furnace.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officer position or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. As of 2023, the trustees are Chris Nichols, Mark Shaffer, and Keith Hochadel, and the fiscal officer is John Ring.

## Education

Students attend Canton Local Schools. The high school for this district is Canton South High School.
# Scordyliodes

Scordyliodes is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Canton of Athis-Val de Rouvre

The canton of Athis-Val de Rouvre (before March 2020: canton of Athis-de-l'Orne) is an administrative division of the Orne department, northwestern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Athis-Val de Rouvre.
It consists of the following communes:
* Athis-Val de Rouvre
* Bazoches-au-Houlme
* Berjou
* Briouze
* Cahan
* Champcerie
* Craménil
* Durcet
* Faverolles
* Giel-Courteilles
* Le Grais
* Habloville
* La Lande-Saint-Siméon
* Lignou
* Le Ménil-de-Briouze
* Ménil-Gondouin
* Ménil-Hermei
* Ménil-Hubert-sur-Orne
* Ménil-Vin
* Montreuil-au-Houlme
* Neuvy-au-Houlme
* Pointel
* Putanges-le-Lac
* Saint-André-de-Briouze
* Sainte-Honorine-la-Chardonne
* Sainte-Honorine-la-Guillaume
* Sainte-Opportune
* Saint-Hilaire-de-Briouze
* Saint-Philbert-sur-Orne
* Les Yveteaux
# Canton of Aubagne-Est

The Canton of Aubagne-Est is a former canton located within the administrative department of Bouches-du-Rhône in southern France. It was created 27 February 2003 by the decree 2003-156 of that date. It had 40,778 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.
Elected to represent the canton in the General Council of Bouches-du-Rhône:

## Area

It was composed of the eastern half of Aubagne defined by a line through chemin de Font-de-Mai, route d'Eoure, A501 autoroute, avenue Roger-Salengro, avenue de Garlaban, the railway line and the chemin de Fenestrelle. It also contained the communes of Carnoux-en-Provence, Cassis, Cuges-les-Pins, Gémenos et Roquefort-la-Bédoule.
# Cape laurel

Cape laurel is a common name for several plants native to Southern Africa and may refer to:
* Cryptocarya woodii
* Ocotea bullata
# Capitol Heights

Capitol Heights may refer to some locations in the United States:
* Capitol Heights, Maryland, a town adjacent to Washington, DC
** Capitol Heights (Washington Metro), a transit station
* Capitol Heights (Harrisburg), a neighborhood in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
# Undurraga

Undurraga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Francisco Undurraga (born 1965), Chilean politician
* Cristián Undurraga (born 1954), Chilean architect
* Paz Undurraga (1930–2019), Chilean singer
# Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Benin City

Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Benin City is a federal government of Nigeria speciality hospital located in Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. The current chief medical director is Imafidon Agbonile.

## History

Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Benin City was established on 7 December, 1964. The hospital was formerly known as Uselu Clinic.

## CMD

The current chief medical director is Imafidon Agbonile.
# Sphingonotus azurescens

Sphingonotus azurescens, the azure sand grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in southern Europe and northern Africa.
The IUCN conservation status of Sphingonotus azurescens is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was assessed in 2015.
# Sweden Cup

The Sweden Cup may refer to:
* Copa Suecia, Argentine football tournament held 1958-1960
* Svenska Cupen, Swedish football tournament
# 21 Leonis Minoris

21 Leonis Minoris is a star in the constellation of Leo Minor. With an apparent magnitude of about 4.5, the star is faintly visible to the naked eye (see Bortle scale). Parallax estimates made by the Hipparcos spacecraft put it at a fairly close distance of about 92.1 light-years (28.2 parsecs) away from the Earth. It is considered a member of the Sirius supercluster.
21 Leonis Minoris rotates fairly fast for a star; its projected rotational velocity is estimated to be 155 km/s so it must be rotating at least that fast. It has been listed as a fast-rotating spectral standard star for the spectral type of A7V, as opposed to the slow-rotating standard star 2 Hydrae. It is also a Delta Scuti variable, and its apparent magnitude varies from 4.47 to 4.52.
21 Leonis Minoris has an infrared excess, suggesting a debris disk around it. The black body fit has a temperature of 60 K with an orbital radius of 62 AU.
# Elise Herz

Elise Herz, née von Lämel (1788–1868) was a Prague-born Austrian philanthropist. There she was made an honorary member of the Jewish community. Her father was the merchant Simon von Lämel. Her home in Prague was an intellectual center; however, upon her husband's death in 1850, she moved to Vienna.
Herz founded a children's asylum in Jerusalem, mainly for Jewish children, but a few Christian and Muslim children were accepted as well. Ludwig August Frankl was commissioned to organize it. This entry from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia about a "children's asylum" refers to the school she founded in her father's memory in the Zikhron Moshe neighbourhood of the city, better known as the Simon von Lämel School or simply Lämel School.
# 1966–67 Midland Football League

The 1966–67 Midland Football League season was the 67th in the history of the Midland Football League, a football competition in England.

## Clubs

The league featured 21 clubs which competed in the previous season, along with one new club:
* Grimsby Town reserves

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Gainsborough Trinity | 42 | 30 | 5 | 7 | 105 | 42 | 2.500 | 65 | |
| 2 | Worksop Town | 42 | 30 | 5 | 7 | 102 | 52 | 1.962 | 65 | |
| 3 | Grantham | 42 | 26 | 5 | 11 | 106 | 68 | 1.559 | 57 | |
| 4 | Arnold | 42 | 24 | 6 | 12 | 106 | 68 | 1.559 | 54 | |
| 5 | Lockheed Leamington | 42 | 23 | 6 | 13 | 105 | 80 | 1.313 | 52 | |
| 6 | Scarborough | 42 | 22 | 7 | 13 | 89 | 59 | 1.508 | 51 | |
| 7 | Heanor Town | 42 | 21 | 7 | 14 | 97 | 65 | 1.492 | 49 | |
| 8 | Alfreton Town | 42 | 20 | 7 | 15 | 77 | 74 | 1.041 | 47 | |
| 9 | Goole Town | 42 | 18 | 10 | 14 | 87 | 66 | 1.318 | 46 | |
| 10 | Ilkeston Town | 42 | 20 | 5 | 17 | 97 | 83 | 1.169 | 45 | |
| 11 | Spalding United | 42 | 19 | 6 | 17 | 86 | 82 | 1.049 | 44 | |
| 12 | Retford Town | 42 | 15 | 9 | 18 | 76 | 82 | 0.927 | 39 | |
| 13 | Long Eaton United | 42 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 51 | 68 | 0.750 | 36 | |
| 14 | Skegness Town | 42 | 13 | 8 | 21 | 74 | 111 | 0.667 | 34 | |
| 15 | Grimsby Town reserves | 42 | 14 | 5 | 23 | 76 | 83 | 0.916 | 33 | |
| 16 | Matlock Town | 42 | 13 | 7 | 22 | 60 | 90 | 0.667 | 33 | |
| 17 | Belper Town | 42 | 11 | 10 | 21 | 55 | 79 | 0.696 | 32 | |
| 18 | Lincoln City reserves | 42 | 11 | 10 | 21 | 65 | 92 | 0.707 | 32 | Resigned from the league |
| 19 | Stamford | 42 | 10 | 9 | 23 | 64 | 127 | 0.504 | 29 | |
| 20 | Sutton Town | 42 | 10 | 8 | 24 | 55 | 93 | 0.591 | 28 | |
| 21 | Scunthorpe United reserves | 42 | 12 | 3 | 27 | 69 | 99 | 0.697 | 27 | |
| 22 | Loughborough United | 42 | 8 | 10 | 24 | 66 | 105 | 0.629 | 26 | |