OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-872

German submarine U-872 was a long-range Type IXD2 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was ordered on 25 August 1941, and was laid down on 23 December 1942 at DeSchiMAG AG Weser, Bremen, as yard number 1080. She was launched on 20 October 1943 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Peter-Otmar Grau on 10 February 1944.

## Design

German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-872 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 87.58 m (287 ft 4 in), a pressure hull length of 68.50 m (224 ft 9 in), a beam of 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in), a height of 10.20 m (33 ft 6 in), and a draught of 5.35 m (17 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620 kW; 8,880 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.85 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 200 metres (660 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 121 nautical miles (224 km; 139 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nautical miles (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-872 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 with 2575 rounds as well as two 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.

## Service history

On 29 July 1944, U-872 was badly damaged by bombs at Bremen in a USAAF raid. She was taken out of service on 10 August 1944 and broken up.
# Advanced Optical Materials

Advanced Optical Materials is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-VCH. It was established in 2013, after a section with the same name had been published since March 2012 in Advanced Materials. It covers all aspects of light-matter interactions. The founding editor-in-chief is Peter Gregory.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology
* Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
* EBSCO databases
* Ei Compendex
* Inspec
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 10.050, ranking it 52nd out of 345 journals in the category "Materials Science, Multidisciplinary" and 9th out of 101 journals in the category "Optics".
# Evelyn Shirley (1812–1882)

Evelyn Philip Shirley (22 January 1812 – 19 September 1882), was a British politician, antiquary and genealogist.

## Background

Shirley was born in London, the eldest son of Evelyn Shirley and Eliza, daughter of Arthur Stanhope. He was a descendant of Robert Shirley, 1st Earl Ferrers. He was educated first privately and from 1826 at Eton College, before matriculating in 1830 from Magdalen College, Oxford, graduating BA in 1834 and MA in 1837.
He inherited Ettington Park at Alderminster, near Stratford-on-Avon on the death of his father in 1856 and commissioned architect John Prichard to remodel it in 1858. It is now a Grade I listed building.

## Career

Shirley sat as Member of Parliament for County Monaghan from 1841 to 1847 and for Warwickshire South from 1853 to 1865. He served as High Sheriff of Monaghan for 1837 and as High Sheriff of Warwickshire for 1867.

## Personal

Shirley married Mary Clara Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edmund Lechmere, 2nd Baronet, in 1842. They had one son, Sewallis Shirley, and three daughters. Shirley died in September 1882, aged 70. His wife died in August 1894.
# Topličica

Topličica may refer to:
* Topličica, Varaždin County, a village near Novi Marof
* Topličica, Krapina-Zagorje County, a village near Budinšćina
* Gornja Topličica, a village near Sveti Ivan Zelina
* Donja Topličica, a village near Sveti Ivan Zelina
# 62nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

The 62nd Division (第62師団, Dai-rokujūni Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Stone Division (石兵団, Ishi Heidan). It was formed on 1 May 1943 in Taiyuan, simultaneously with the 63rd Division as a security (type C) division. The nucleus for the formation was the 4th and a part of the 6th Independent Mixed Brigades. As a security division, it lacked an artillery regiment. The division was initially assigned to the 1st Army.

## Action

Upon formation, the 62nd Division performed the garrison duties of the independent mixed brigades it replaced.
From March 1944, it was assigned to the 12th Army and participated in the Henan part of Operation Ichi-Go. After the fighting subsided in July 1944, the 62nd Division was removed from the front lines and subordinated first to the China Expeditionary Army and later directly to the Emperor's control.
In August 1944, the 62nd Division was assigned to the 32nd Army and sent to the Okinawan main island. The main batch of troops left Wusong District in Shanghai on 16 August 1944 and arrived at Naha on 19 August 1944. Soon afterward one of the divisional transports, the Tsushima Maru, was sunk on 22 August 1944 with a heavy death toll, as the majority of the passengers were evacuated schoolchildren. By December 1944 the 62nd Division had left the coastal defenses and manned the then vacant positions left by the 9th Division, which had left for Taiwan. In February 1945, the positions were further changed to include more of the large cities, with the goal of training militia units from the local population. This deployment resulted in significantly lower morale due to the abandonment of nearly complete coastal fortifications. It was decided to use the partially completed fortifications as false targets by Mitsuru Ushijima.
Starting on 1 April 1945, the division fought in the Battle of Okinawa, countering initial US advances at Chatan-Toguchi to the north and Naha-Yonabaru to the south. Also, the 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the 22nd Infantry Regiment had been transferred from the 24th Division to the area of what is now Kadena Air Base, under the command of the 62nd Division. As front lines stabilized, the 62nd Division was defending the positions in the Battle of Kakazu Ridge. The 13th Independent Infantry Battalion fought with particular distinction. Other important battlegrounds were Makiminato, Ganeko, and the Wauke (和宇慶) line. The 62nd Division was forced to start a retreat on 23 April 1945 and was completely annihilated on 22 June 1945 on the southern tip of Okinawa Island by the 1st Marine Division.
# Undun (song)

"Undun" is a song recorded by Canadian rock group The Guess Who. It spent two weeks at #21 on the Canadian Singles Chart in November–December 1969 and reached #3 on the AC chart. In the US, it reached #15 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart and #22 on the Billboard Hot 100 the week of November 29, 1969.
It was written by Randy Bachman after hearing Bob Dylan's "Ballad in Plain D", which included the phrase "she was easily undone". Bachman's song tells the story of a girl he had seen at a party who, after consuming LSD, slipped into a coma. The song takes its structure from new jazz guitar chords Bachman had learned from his friend and neighbour Lenny Breau. The flute part required the learning of a new instrument by Burton Cummings. Bachman says, “Burton could play the sax, and we discovered that a flute used the same fingering. We went to a music store, bought a flute, and he learned how to play the solo. He’d never played the flute in his life.” Bachman used his Gibson ES-335 and a 1957 Gretsch 6120 Chet Atkins to record the guitar parts. During the Guess Who's 2000 reunion Running Back Thru Canada tour, Bachman's former bandmate Cummings declared the song to be one of Bachman's finest compositions and "one of the best songs ever written by any Canadian songwriter". Bachman himself has stated that "Undun" is his favourite song from his time as a member of The Guess Who.
The original 4:17 version of "Undun", complete with a country guitar section at the end, appeared on The Guess Who's 1969 album, Canned Wheat, and an edit was initially released as the B-side of the single "Laughing" which peaked on August 23, 1969. The song gained popularity when disc jockeys started turning the "Laughing" record over.

## Legacy

Numerous jazz and other musicians have recorded "Undun". These include Phish, Hennie Bekker, Steve Cole, The Phil Dwyer Septet, Kurt Elling, Ranee Lee, Sophie Milman, Hugo Montenegro, and Alexander Zonjic. The song was covered by the Trans-Canada Highwaymen for their 2023 album, Explosive Hits Vol. 1.
The song plays in the background of a fight scene between Robert De Niro and Bridget Fonda in Quentin Tarantino's 1997 film Jackie Brown.

## Personnel

* Burton Cummings – vocals, flute
* Randy Bachman – guitar
* Jim Kale – bass
* Garry Peterson – drums

## Charts

| Chart (1969) | Peak position |
| Canadian RPM Top Singles | 21 |
| Canada RPM Adult Contemporary | 3 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 22 |
| US Adult Contemporary | 15 |
# Villalcampo

Villalcampo is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 624 inhabitants.

## Town hall

Villalcampo is home to the town hall of 3 villages:
* Villalcampo (288 inhabitants, INE 2020).
* Carbajosa (123 inhabitants, INE 2020).
* Salto de Villalcampo (0 inhabitants, INE 2020).
# Agaraea boettgeri

Agaraea boettgeri is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Peru.
# Sanicula marilandica

Sanicula marilandica, the Maryland sanicle or Maryland black snakeroot, is a flowering plant widespread in North America but rare along the Pacific coast of the continent and Texas. Sanicula marilandica is listed as Sensitive in Washington state.
Leaves with deeply incised lobes radiating out from the same point. Every leaf has no set number of leaflets, but commonly will have 5–7. The plant is not tall, but the fruiting stalk will rise up to 2 feet, bearing tiny green flowers in the spring. In the fall, the fruit stalk carries dehiscent fruit which splits, bearing small spines.
# Aesopus jaffaensis

Aesopus jaffaensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Columbellidae, the dove snails.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 5.9 mm, its diameter 2.2 mm.
(Original description) The shell is cylindrically fusiform with a blunt protoconch consisting of one and a half subconvex, smooth whorls, ending abruptly with a scar. The teleoconch has four subconvex whorls with distinct, subcanaliculate sutures. These sutures are very narrowly marginate and ascend near the aperture. The body whorl is oval and is somewhat compressed at the base. The aperture is oval, narrowing posteriorly, with a wide, notched siphonal canal. The outer lip is thin, simple, and slightly excavated in the infractural area. The columella is curved and obtusely angled at the sinistrally directed canal. The surface of the shell is smooth, except for minute sublenticular axial and longitudinal crowded scratches.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off South Australia and Tasmania.
# John Purser (mathematician)

John Purser (1835–1903) was an Irish mathematician, who was professor at Queen's College, Belfast.

## Life and work

Son of John Tertius Purser (1809–1893), the general manager of the well known brewery Guinness, Purser was educated in a wealthy family, which included artists, as his cousin Sarah Purser, or engineers, as his brother-in-law John Purser Griffith. He was the brother of mathematician Frederick Purser. He studied in Trinity College, Dublin, graduating BA in mathematics in 1856.
The following years Purser was tutor to the children of Lord Rosse, Lawrence and Charles. In 1863, he was appointed professor of mathematics at Queen's College, Belfast, he was in place until his retirement in 1901.
Purser is much better known as a teacher than as a researcher, and he had a good number of notable students, including Sir Joseph Larmor, theoretical physicist who served as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge; Charles Parsons, the inventor of the turbine; Sir John Henry MacFarland, who became Chancellor of Melbourne University; and William McFadden Orr.
# Small nucleolar RNA R16

In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA R16 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in plants which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA R16 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoR16 was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. snoRNA R16 is related to another Arabidopsis snoRNA called R40.
# Euhrychiopsis lecontei

Euhrychiopsis lecontei, also known as the milfoil weevil, is a type of weevil that has been investigated as a potential biocontrol agent for Eurasian water milfoil. It is found in the eastern and central United States and western Canada.

## Life cycle

E. lecontei is a holometabolous insect, undergoing true metamorphosis. Development is temperature dependent, but the time to develop from eggs to larvae is about 4 days, from larvae to pupae 13 days, and from pupae to adults 13 days. Larvae are stem borers and damage plant tissue from about 7 cm from the tip of the plant.

## Use as a Biocontrol

Milfoil weevils occur in natural populations in much of North America on their native host, Northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum). They often reach sufficient densities to suppress invasive Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) infestations after a prolonged infestation or artificial augmentation. Studies indicate that for effective control a density of about 1 weevil per two stems of milfoil (0.5 weevils per stem) is necessary. There are mixed reviews that fish such as bluegills can reduce weevil populations as research has only been conducted in very limited settings. Augmenting native weevil populations as a biological control is effective as long as there is a small amount of milfoil to sustain the population. Milfoil weevils are commercially available as a management option for Eurasian water milfoil by a firm based in the United States and Canada.
# Villalbarba

Villalbarba is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 156 inhabitants.
# Stanley Bahorek

Stanley Bahorek is an American actor who has appeared on Broadway.
Bahorek grew up in Worthington, Ohio and graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 2003 with a B.F.A. in Musical Theatre.
He starred as Tom Sawyer in Big River with Deaf West Theater. He appeared in the Transport Group's Drama Desk Winning Production of See Rock City and Other Destinations. Bahorek played the role of Leaf Coneybear on Broadway in The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee. He was also seen as Mike Taylor, in Queen of the Mist. In 2015, he appeared as Robert Haweis on Broadway in the musical Amazing Grace. In 2017, he appeared as Giuseppe Zangara in Yale Repertory Theatre's production of Assassins
# Sanicula maritima

Sanicula maritima is a rare species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common names adobe snakeroot and adobe sanicle.

## Distribution

The plant is endemic to California, where it is known from just a few occurrences on the Central Coast.
Its habitat includes moist coastal meadows and canyons.

## Description

Sanicula maritima is a perennial herb growing to a maximum height near 40 centimeters from a taproot. The green to yellowish leaves are simple or divided into a number of lobes, smooth-edged or toothed.
The inflorescence is made up of one or more heads of bisexual and male-only flowers with tiny, curving, yellow petals.
The prickly fruits are about half a centimeter long each.
# StarDance (Philippine TV series)

StarDance: Search for the Dance Idols is a Philippine reality dance television show broadcast by ABS-CBN. Hosted by Marvin Agustin and Vanessa Del Bianco, it aired on the network's Saturday evening line up from February 19 to May 21, 2005, and was replaced by My Juan and Only.

## Hosts
### Main hosts

* Marvin Agustin
* Vanessa Del Bianco

### Co-hosts

* Bianca Gonzalez
* JC Cuadrado
* Archie Alemania

## Contestants

StarDance Contestants :
| Ryan Sabaybay | Winner |
| Froilan Antonio Dabalus | 1st Runner-up |
| Jhoey Zulueta | 2nd Runner-up |
| Daniel Cabrera | 3rd Runner-up |
| Dang Palma | Eliminated |
| Jeff Coronel | Eliminated |
| D.J De Guzman | Eliminated |
| Leah Desamparado | Eliminated |
| Christaliza Sawada | Eliminated |
| Reina Victoria | Eliminated |
| Andrianne Gomez | Eliminated |

### Elimination

In every Saturday all dancers will perform according to the dance theme with a factor like dancing in the sea or dancing while standing in a thin pole then the judges gonna choose the bottom dancers which the judges did not like the performance and after the bottom dancers must perform with the factors used in the challenge to change there low scores. The lowest bottom dancer is eliminated with the score and public votes.
| Date | | Bottom 3 | Bottom 3 |
| February 19 | Froilan Dabalus | Daniel Cabrera | Leah Desamparado |
| February 26 | Reina Victoria | Leah Desamparado (2) | Ryan Sabaybay |
| March 5 | Christaliza Sawada | Leah Desamparado (3) | Bambi Candelaria |
| March 12 | Leah Desamparado (4) | Bambi Candelaria (2) | Daniel Cabrera (2) |
| March 19 | Daniel Cabrera (3) | Ryan Sabaybay (2) | D.J De Guzman |
| April 2 | D.J De Guzman (2) | Jeff Coronel | Bambi Candelaria (3) |
| April 9 | Wild Card | Wild Card | Wild Card |
| April 16 | Leah Desamparado (5) | Jhoey Zulueta | D.J De Guzman (3) |
| April 23 | D.J De Guzman (4) | Jhoey Zulueta (2) | Bambi Candelaria (4) |
| | Bottom 2 | Bottom 2 |
| April 30 | Jeff Coronel (2) | Jhoey Zulueta (3) |
| May 7 | Jhoey Zulueta (4) | Christian Adrales |
| May 14 | Dang Palma | Bambi Candelaria (5) |
| May 21 | Bambi Candelaria | Christian Adrales | Ryan Sabaybay |
# Uppingham Community College

Uppingham Community College is a mixed secondary school located in Uppingham in the English county of Rutland.
It was previously a community school administered by Rutland County Council. Uppingham Community College then briefly became a foundation school before being converted to academy status in April 2011. However the school continues to coordinate with Rutland County Council for admissions.
Uppingham Community College offers GCSEs, BTECs and vocational courses as programmes of study for pupils. The school specialises in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), and has additional resources and programmes of study to support the specialism.

## History

The school opened in 1920 as Uppingham Central School, subsequently Uppingham Secondary Modern School. It became a comprehensive school when Rutland went comprehensive in 1972.

## Notable former pupils

* John Browett, chief executive since January 2016 of Dunelm Group, from March 2013 - February 2015 of Monsoon Accessorize, and from 1999 to 2004 of Tesco.com
# 601 Nerthus

601 Nerthus is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. See mythology of Nerthus.
# Étude Op. 10, No. 8 (Chopin)

Étude Op. 10, No. 8 in F major is a technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin. This work follows on from No. 7 as being primarily another work concerned with counterpoint. In this case, however, the principal melody is in the left hand, the secondary being embedded in the arpeggios of the right hand. As with many of the études, the work is divided into three sections – bars 1–28, 29–60 and 61–95.
The first section (bars 1–28) features a right-hand figuration that is straightforward with the accent falling always on the first note of each group of four semiquavers throughout the work. The main difficulty is that they must be played forte and legato at speed, ascending and descending sequentially over the keyboard. Due to the obligation to sustain the left-hand melody somehow whilst still keeping the right hand's figure clear, this presents a great difficulty.
The central section (bars 29–60) features elaborations on the original figuration. The D minor lasts only 7 bars before undergoing an extended series of modulations right through to bar 60 – the return to the main theme. This section contains a further exercise in hands moving in opposite and complementary directions (bars 42–47 and 53–60) – this builds on the exercises in No. 4. As with the opening section, the accent always falls on the first note of each group of four semiquavers.
The final section (bars 61–95) is a brief restatement of the opening theme with the transition into the coda beginning at bar 71. The coda proper begins at bar 75. Bar 89 onwards contains parallel motion in both hands played forte and leading directly into the final arpeggiated cadences played fortissimo.