OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Ring (surgeon)

John Ring (1752–1821) was an English surgeon, vaccination activist, and man of letters.

## Life

The son of Richard Ring, he was born at Wincanton in Somerset, and was baptised there on 21 August 1752. He entered Winchester College in 1765, and left it in 1767–8. He then went to London, where he attended the lectures of Percivall Pott, John Hunter and William Hunter.
Ring received the diploma of the Surgeons' Company on 1 September 1774, and went into practise in London. He became a member of the Medical Society of London, then newly founded, and later was elected a member of the Medical Society of Paris.
An attack on cow-pox treatment made by Benjamin Moseley, physician to the Chelsea Hospital, brought from Ring a refutation, Then in August 1799, he met Edward Jenner, and they became friends. From 1799 Ring devoted most of his professional life to the cause of vaccination. He had leading medical men in London sign a document acknowledging that cow-pox was a much milder and safer disease than inoculated smallpox. He went to Ringwood in 1808 at the head of a deputation to investigate some supposed failures of vaccination; feeling was running so high that the deputies carried pistols.
The British Vaccine Establishment was founded in 1809, later the National Vaccine Establishment and a government department for the distribution of vaccine. Jenner was appointed the first director, and he nominated Ring to act as his principal vaccinator and inspector of stations. Ring was set aside, however, and Jenner resigned his post, which was then filled by James Moore, a brother of Sir John Moore.
Ring opened his own vaccinating station, which became popular. He died of apoplexy at his house in New Street, Hanover Square, London, on 7 December 1821.

## Works

Besides tracts on vaccination (1804 and 1805), Ring was author of:
* The Commemoration of Handel, published anonymously in 1786; 2nd edit., 1819.
* Reflections on the Surgeons Bill, London, 1798.
* A Treatise on Cow-pox, 2 parts, London, 1801–3.
* The Beauties of the "Edinburgh Review", alias the Stinkpot of Literature, London, 1807.
* A Treatise on the Gout, London, 1811.
* Answer to Dr. Kinglake, showing the danger of his Cooling Treatment of the Gout, London, 1816. Against Robert Kinglake.
* A Caution against Vaccine Swindlers and Impostors, London, 1816.
Ring also translated
* Alexander Geddes's Ode to Peace, 1802;
* Christopher Anstey's Carmen Alcaicum, addressed to Jenner, 1804, the profits going to the Royal Jennerian Society for the Extermination of Smallpox; and
* The Works of Virgil, partly original and partly altered from Dryden and Pitt (2 vols. London, 1820).
# 1344 Yellow River flood

The 1344 Yellow River flood was a major natural disaster during the Yuan dynasty of Imperial China. The impact was devastating both for the peasants of the area as well as the leaders of the empire. The Yuan dynasty was waning, and the emperor conscripted enormous teams to build new embankments for the river. The harsh working conditions helped fuel rebellions that led to the founding of the Ming dynasty.
The Yellow River had shifted south of the Shandong Peninsula during the 1194 flood near the end of the Jin but this flood shifted it from the course of one previous river to another's. The river remained on various courses south of Shandong for the next five hundred years until floods in the 1850s returned it to its more northerly course.
# European Association of Service Providers for Persons with Disabilities

The European Association of Service providers for Persons with Disabilities (abbreviated: EASPD), based in Brussels, Belgium, is an umbrella organization that represents approximately 17,000 support service providers for persons with disabilities from 33 European countries at a European level.

## History

EASPD was founded in 1996 with 5 partners. As the organisation began to grow, it held its first conference in 1999 in Dublin, Ireland, the topic being “Partnership— the key to quality services”. By 2001, EASPD represented 5,000 services, and had become a member of European NGOs Social Platform and ECAS (Euro Citizen Advice Service), and had signed cooperation agreements with IASSID and Inclusion Europe. Over the next 10 years, EASPD continued to grow, and until now has built a network that currently represents over 17.000 support services for persons with disabilities and their families all over Europe. The services represented cover the entire life cycle of the individual and include early intervention, education, employment, housing, leisure, culture, day-care, elder and residential support services.
In 2011 EASPD, together with Eurodiaconia, Workability Europe, EPR, Solidar, FEANTSA, CEDAG, Caritas (joined later), and the Red Cross (joined later) launched Social Services Europe, a European platform for not for profit providers of health and social services. In 2013 EASPD was accredited as NGO to the Conference of States Parties to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and launched its first "Employment for All" Award. By 2015, EASPD represented over 12,000 service providers, became a member of EDF, and entered into a partnership with the Zero Project.
In 2016 EASPD moved its headquarters to Rue du Commerce, Handelsstraat in Brussels and elected its current president, James Crowe. In 2017, EASPD launched their second website, socialinvetment.eu, to help social service providers get better loans through the EU Investment Plan and the European Investment Bank. In January 2018, EASPD launched its new multiannual Strategy "Commit!" to support its work.

## EASPD Presidents

* 1996 - 1997 Marie-Claire Rens of F.I.S.S.A.A.J Belgium
* 1997 - 1999 Roger Acton Director of Disability Federation Ireland
* 1999 - 2005 Luk Zelderloo of Tau-groep Belgium
* 2005 - 2008 Brian O'Donnell CEO of the National Federation of Voluntary Bodies Ireland
* 2008 - 2016 Franz Wolfmayr President of Steierische Behindertenhilfe Dachverband Austria
* 2016- Present James Crowe, UK
# John Musgrove

John Musgrove can refer to:
* John Musgrove (cricketer) (1861-1940), Australian cricketer
* John Musgrove (politician), American politician
* Sir John Musgrove, 1st Baronet (1793-1881), British politician
# Euseius ploreraformis

Euseius ploreraformis is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
# Euseius relictus

Euseius relictus is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
# John Rawlinson

John Rawlinson may refer to:
* John Rawlinson (priest) (1576–1631), English churchman and academic
* John Rawlinson (politician) (1860–1926), England footballer and Member of Parliament
* John Rawlinson (cricketer, born 1867) (1867–1945), English cricketer
* Spike Rawlings (John Anderson Rawlinson, 1944–2006), English footballer turned TV entertainer
* John Rawlinson (cricketer, born 1959), English cricketer and artist
# University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences

The University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences at the University at Buffalo was founded in 1915 and is the largest and most comprehensive academic unit at the university with 29 degree-granting departments, 16 academic programs, and 21 centers and institutes across the humanities, arts, and sciences.
Comprising 29 departments in the arts, humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and mathematics, as well as 15 special programs and 23 centers and institutes, the College is the largest campus unit at the University at Buffalo. The College of Arts and Sciences has more than 450 faculty members, including 27 SUNY Distinguished Professors. Robin G. Schulze is the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences.
# Żelazo railway station

Żelazo is a non-operational PKP railway station in Żelazo (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

## Lines crossing the station

| Start station | End station | Line type |
| Siecie-Wierzchocino | Smołdzino | Dismantled |
# 1441 in France

Events from the year 1441 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles VII

## Events

* 7 June - The University of Bordeaux is founded
* June - Richard, Duke of York arrives in Normandy following his appointment as English commander in the Hundred Years War

## Births

* 11 November Charlotte of Savoy, wife of Louis (died 1483)

## Deaths

* 5 January - John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny, soldier (born 1392)
# 1441 Bolyai

1441 Bolyai, provisional designation 1937 WA, is a dark asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 26 November 1937, by Hungarian astronomer György Kulin at Konkoly Observatory in Budapest, Hungary. The asteroid was named after Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai.

## Orbit and classification

Bolyai orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,559 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.24 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic. Bolyai's observation arc begins the night following its official discovery observation in 1937, as no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made.

## Physical characteristics

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Bolyai measures between 12.31 and 14.76 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.047 and 0.05.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) derives an albedo of 0.0426 and a diameter of 14.75 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.2. For asteroids with a semi-major axis between 2.6 and 2.7 AU, the probability of an asteroid being either of a stony (albedo of 0.20) or of a carbonaceous (albedo of 0.057) composition is considered equally likely by CALL (which then uses an albedo of 0.10 as a compromise value between the two main types). In the case of Bolyai, however, the space-based albedo measurements suggest that it is most likely of a carbonaceous composition.

### Lightcurve

As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve of Bolyai has been obtained. Its rotation period, composition and shape remain unknown.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after the Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai (1802–1860), a co-founder of non-Euclidean geometry in the early 19th century. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 130) and a clarification of the naming is given in a paper published in Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage in 2012.
# 1441

1441 (MCDXLI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1441st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 441st year of the 2nd millennium, the 41st year of the 15th century, and the 2nd year of the 1440s decade. As of the start of 1441, the Gregorian calendar was 9 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

## Events
### January–December

* February – The Republic of Venice annexes the seigniory of Ravenna, ending the da Polenta Dynasty.
* February 12 – King's College, Cambridge, is founded by King Henry VI of England.
* March 1 – Battle of Samobor: The army of Ulrich II, Count of Celje, defeats the army of Stjepan Banić at Samobor, Croatia in union with Hungary.
* September – The Dutch–Hanseatic War concludes with the Treaty of Copenhagen.
* November 10 – Alfonso V of Aragon lays siege to Naples.
* November 20 – The Peace of Cremona (1441) ends the war between the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Milan.

### Date unknown

* Ouagadougou becomes the capital of the Mossi Kingdoms.
* Two subjects of the Ethiopian Empire attend a Christian ecclesiastical council at Florence as part of negotiations concerning a possible union of Coptic Orthodoxy and the Latin Church. This is the earliest recorded contact of the Ethiopian branch of the Coptic Church with Europe.
* A revolt occurs in the Mayan nation of Mayapan; the Maya civilization splits into warring city-states.
* With the help of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, governor Hacı I Giray declares his province independent of the Golden Horde and establishes the Crimean Khanate.
* Nuno Tristão reaches the Ras Nouadhibou (Cabo Branco) on the western coast of Africa. This is probably the first voyage where a caravel is used for maritime exploration.
* The first enslaved black Africans are brought to Europe at Lagos in the Kingdom of Portugal.

## Births

* February 9 – Ali-Shir Nava'i, Central Asian poet, politician and writer (d. 1501)
* March 24 – Ernest, Elector of Saxony, German ruler of Saxony (d. 1486)
* June 25 – Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (1478–1484) (d. 1484)
* June 27 – John III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg, German nobleman (d. 1480)
* July 23 – Danjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1457)
* November 11 – Charlotte of Savoy, French queen (d. 1483)

## Deaths

* March 8 – Margaret of Burgundy, Duchess of Bavaria
* April 1 – Blanche I of Navarre, Queen of Navarre (1425–1441) and Regent of Sicily (1404–1405 and 1408–1415)
* June 14 – Corrado IV Trinci, former lord of Foligno
* July 9 – Jan van Eyck, Dutch painter
* July 12 – Kyōgoku Takakazu, Japanese noble and vassal of Ashikaga Yoshinori
* July 12 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shōgun (b. 1394)
* September 25 – Akamatsu Mitsusuke, Japanese samurai
* October 24 – Adolf, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1434)
* October 27 – Margery Jourdemayne, Englishwoman executed for treasonable witchcraft
* November 18 – Roger Bolingbroke, English cleric, astronomer, astrologer, magister and alleged necromancer
* December 26 – Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara (b. 1383)
# John Noorthouck

John Noorthouck (1732–1816) was an English author, best known as a topographer of London.

## Life

Born in London, he was the son of Herman Noorthouck, a bookseller who had a shop, the Cicero's Head, Great Piazza, Covent Garden, and whose stock was sold off in 1730. Early in life John Noorthouck was patronised by Owen Ruffhead and William Strahan the printer. He gained his livelihood as an index-maker and corrector of the press. He was for almost fifty years a liveryman of the Company of Stationers, and spent most of his life in London, living in 1773 in Barnard's Inn, Holborn.
In 1784, whilst living in Barnard's Inn, John Noorthouck describes himself as a Freemason. In the book Noorthouck's Masonry, the Editor "J.N." states in the Preface starting at page vii, "The present editor esteems it a duty incumbent on him to advertise his brethren of the general alterations the following work has undergone with a view to improvement." The Preface ends with the details, "May 1, 1784, Bernard's Inn, London". In 1814, Noorthouck was living at Oundle, Northamptonshire, where he died about July 1816.

## Works

His major work was A New History of London, including Westminster and Southwark, London, 1773, 4to, with copperplates. This book gives a history of London at all periods and a survey of the existing buildings. Noorthouck also published An Historical and Classical Dictionary,’ 2 vols. London, 1776, consisting of biographies of persons of all periods and countries.
John Russell Smith in London, April 1852, offered for sale an unprinted autobiography by Noorthouck; it was later acquired by Yale University. Noorthouck revised the Constitutions of the Antient Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, the constitutions of the Premier Grand Lodge of England first compiled by James Anderson in 1723, and Noorthouck's edition was published by J. Rozea in 1784. The title page states that the revision was prepared under the direction of the Hall Committee. The preface to this book is signed 'J. N.', and it is dated Bernard's Inn (presumably Barnard's Inn), May 1, 1784.
# 1585 in Ireland

Events from the year 1585 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Monarch: Elizabeth I

## Events

* January – Sorley Boy MacDonnell lands at Cushendun with a substantial army, but after initial successes is driven back to Scotland.
* 26 April – 25 May – Parliament of Ireland meets in Dublin with Sir Nicholas Walsh as Speaker of the Irish House of Commons. Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare, is permitted to take his seat.
* April – Roman Catholic recusants in Clonmel are betrayed and seized at Passion Sunday mass by troops of John Norreys, Lord President of Munster, and the celebrant, fugitive priest Maurice MacKenraghty, gives himself up, is immediately tried under martial law as a traitor, and executed. His head is set up in Clonmel market place and his body buried behind the high altar of the Franciscan convent.
* 15 July – Composition of Connacht: A commission is given to Sir Richard Bingham, governor of Connacht, and others to make agreements with landowners in the province by 3 October. Murrough na dTuadh Ó Flaithbheartaigh is recognised as Chief of the Name of Ó Flaithbertaigh in Galway.
* July–August – Sir John Perrot, Lord Deputy of Ireland, is in Ulster; he confirms agreement between the O'Neill dynasty on 10 August and establishes County Coleraine (as the County of Colerain) and County Monaghan.
* October – Sorley Boy MacDonnell, having returned to Ireland, recaptures Dunluce Castle.
* 16 November – Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare, dies in exile in London and is succeeded by his son Henry FitzGerald.
* 14 December – Nicholas Walsh, Church of Ireland Bishop of Ossory, is stabbed to death in his house in Kilkenny by a disaffected member of his flock.
* December – Munster Plantation planned.
* Tadhg mac Diarmata, last de facto King of Magh Luirg, is succeeded by Brian na Carriag MacDermot, first to be styled "MacDermot of the Carrick".

## Arts and literature

* Tuileagna Ó Maoil Chonaire composes the poem Labhram ar iongnaibh Éireann.
* Máel Sechnaill Ruadh Ó Braonáin of Galway is recorded as one of the last harpers of the period in Connacht.

## Births

* Thomas Preston, 1st Viscount Tara, soldier (d. 1655)
* Possible date – Sir Dominick Browne, merchant and landowner (d. c.1656)

## Deaths

* 30 April – Maurice MacKenraghty, Roman Catholic priest and martyr.
* 16 November – Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare (b. 1525)
* 14 December – Nicholas Walsh, Church of Ireland Bishop of Ossory and biblical translator.
# University of Florida Cancer and Genetics Research Complex

Cancer and Genetics Research Complex is an interdisciplinary research center located at the University of Florida (UF). The goal of this facility is "to harness the diverse academic talents and resources of the genetic research community at UF to improve the health and well-being of our citizenry." The Complex houses the UF Genetics Institute, the UF Health Cancer Center, the UF Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, and the C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory, a laboratory notable for research and consulting in forensic anthropology.

## History

The Complex began construction in 2002, and cost an estimated $85 million. In November 2006, Governor Jeb Bush officially opened the facility. Overall, 77 million pounds of concrete were used, and the facility is 280,000 square feet.

## Images

* South wing
* South wing (left) and north wing (right)
* North wing (near) and south wing (far)
# University of Florida Center for Latin American Studies

The University of Florida Center for Latin American Studies is one of the largest centers in the United States for the study of Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies. Specialized degrees are offered in a wide range of subjects including the anthropology, history, sociology, politics, geography, and languages of the region.

## Mission

The Mission of this center is to increase knowledge about Latin America and the Caribbean, and the culture of peoples throughout the Hemisphere. In addition, the Center has been charged to enhance the quality of research and the overall scope of teaching & outreach in Latin America and the Caribbean.

## History of the Center

The Center was first created as the Institute for Inter-American Affairs by the former University of Florida President John J. Tigert in 1931. After previously serving as the United States Commissioner of Education he realized the interest in foreign affairs in the nation’s political, commercial, and academic circles. He believed it was a necessity for the University of Florida to fill this mission due to its geographical proximity to the Caribbean and South America.
In 1951 the Center changed its name to the School of Inter-American Studies in order to coordinate degree programs with a Latin American emphasis. In 1952 the first Doctorate of Philosophy was offered in Latin American Studies, and in 1961 the school received a large grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, so that a Caribbean Research Program could be facilitated. In the Fall of 1963, the School of Inter-American Studies was officially renamed the Center for Latin American Studies.

## Library

The University of Florida Latin American Collection has over 400,000 volumes and 1,100 serial titles. The collection covers all disciplines & geographical areas of Latin America (with particular emphasis on the Caribbean and Brazil). The Center currently has the sixth largest Latin American collection in the United States. In addition the Center also has the largest Caribbean collection in the world.