OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carl Paivio

Carl Paivio (born Karl Einar Päiviö; 23 November 1893 – April 1952) was a Finnish American labor activist and anarchist. He became known in 1919 during the First Red Scare as Paivio and his fellow anarchist Gust Alonen were convicted of "criminal anarchy" for writing in a radical newspaper. Paivio and Alonen were the first activists convicted in the State of New York for violating the Criminal Anarchy law, although it was passed already in 1902 right after the assassination of the president William McKinley.

## Life

Paivio was born in Töysä, and emigrated to the United States as an illegal immigrant at the age of 22. He sailed from Finland via Australia as a crew member of a Finnish merchant ship and boarded Seattle in the fall of 1915. December 1917 Paivio moved to New York City and joined the syndicalist trade union Industrial Workers of the World. He was a member of the Finnish IWW local in the Bronx. It was known as a radical splinter group within the IWW, opposing all centralized power or centralized organization. The group was publishing a Finnish language anarchist paper called Luokkataistelu (The Class Struggle), Paivio was the editor and Gust Alonen worked as the co-editor.
The Lusk Committee raided the IWW Manhattan headquarters on 21 June 1919 and found several copies of the Luokkataistelu paper. The committee was interested on the article ″The Activity of the Rioting Masses″ published in the March edition. Content of this article finally brought Paivio and Alonen the charges of criminal anarchy. The article included the often quoted lines:
   A rioting mob is the one and only possible means for organizing a fight in these last open and decisive blood-battles between the capitalists and the working classes. To Hell with the teachings of peaceful revolution. The bloody seizure of power by the working classes is the only possible way, because as long as our enemy is able to raise even one sword a bloodless fight is a day dream.
Paivio and Alonen were arrested in August and the trial started on 6 October. On 28 October 1919 Supreme Court Justice Bartow S. Weeks sentenced them to prison terms of from four to eight years for "criminal anarchy". The court also called for the deportation of Paivio and Alonen when their sentences expired, but it was never executed.
Carl Paivio was released from Clinton Prison in 1923. He continued his activities in several leftist organizations, but according to the autobiography of Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Paivio later moved from anarchism towards communism. He became the national secretary of the Communist Party affiliated Finnish America Mutual Aid Society and was also employed by the International Workers Order. Through the 1930s and 1940s Paivio was a prominent leftist political organizer, lecturer and instructor. During the Second Red Scare led by United States Senator Joseph McCarthy Paivio was held for deportation under the McCarran–Walter Act and kept on Ellis Island, but he died there before he was deported to Finland.
# Richmond Subdivision

The Richmond Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation and operated by Indiana Eastern Railroad in the U.S. states of Ohio and Indiana. The line runs from Fernald, Ohio, to Richmond, Indiana, for a total of 43.0 miles (69.2 km). The line is dead-ended at its north and south ends and intersects in the middle with the Indianapolis Subdivision.
# Claude-Marie Ferrier

Claude-Marie Ferrier (1811–1889) was an early French photographer, known for his portraits of prominent French people, his work at the London Great Exhibition, and for his production of stereoviews to be viewed through the stereoscope invented by David Brewster.

## Biography

Ferrier was born in 1811 in Lyon, France. He began his career as an artist, studying at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Lyon. He then became interested in photography and began to experiment with the new medium, initially becoming known for his portraits of notable French people. By 1851 he had settled in Paris and in that year he exhibited at the Great Exhibition in London. His work so impressed the organisers that, together with the English photographer, Hugh Owen, he was asked to make photographs of the exhibits. More than 140 bound sets of reports and accompanying photographs, known as the Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851: Reports by the Juries on the Subjects in the Thirty Classes into which the Exhibition was Divided were presented to, among others, Queen Victoria, Heads of Foreign Governments, the Exhibition commissioners, and the British Museum.
In 1855, Ferrier exhibited at the Exposition Universelle of Paris, where he was awarded a silver medal. He is credited with creating the first glass stereoviews for the Brewster stereoscope in 1852. These became very popular and in 1857 he produced several series of stereoviews of France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Greece and Turkey. Initially he collaborated with Jules Duboscq, with the two selling each other’s stereoviews. This arrangement came to an end when Duboscq experienced financial difficulties. In 1859 Ferrier went into partnership with his son and with another stereo photographer, Charles Soulier, with the business being sold in 1863 to Léon & Lévy, a company that specialized in stereoscopic views and picture postcards. However, Ferrier and Soulier continued to sell their photographs through the company.
Ferrier continued to work as a photographer until his death on 13 July 1889. His photographs are held in collections around the world.
# Srigandha

Srigandha (transl. Sandalwood) is a 1995 Indian Kannada-language romance drama film co-written and directed by P. H. Vishwanath. It stars Ramesh Aravind and Sudha Rani in the lead roles as Vivek and Arundathi, who plan to marry each other, but their families disapprove of it. Srinath, Sushma, B. V. Radha and Sanketh Kashi feature in supporting roles. The film was remade in Telugu as Arundathi (1999).

## Cast

* Ramesh Aravind as Vivek
* Sudha Rani as Arundathi
* Srinath as Seetharam
* Sushma
* B. V. Radha
* Sanketh Kashi as Mudda

## Soundtrack

Hamsalekha scored music for the film's background and its soundtrack. The soundtrack album consists of five tracks.
# Cityfront Plaza

Cityfront Plaza is a plaza in Chicago, in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is along an elevated roadway linking North Michigan and Columbus, near NBC Tower and Pioneer Court. According to the Chicago Tribune, Cityfront Plaza "was intended to be the entryway to several buildings around it. Instead it is adjacent to several ground-level parking lots." The newspaper has also said the plaza "continues to feel like a nice little park that sits incongruously atop a road".
# St. Peter's, Nebraska

St. Peter's was located less than a mile from the Dixon County, NE line, in Section 12 of present-day Precinct 14 of Cedar County, about 12 miles east and 1.5 miles south of Hartington.

## History

St. Peter's was named in honor of Johann Peter Abts, the first settler and postmaster in the area. It was located nearby land owned by the Chandler, Lyman, O'Flaherty, and Templeman families, early settlers of the area. It was called a “community” and was said to have a hotel, store and post office combined in one building. St. Peter's was labeled as a “trading post and stage house” located along the old “Territorial Military and Post Road,” also known as the “Pacific Wagon Road,” surveyed in 1857. Further northwest, another portion of the Territorial Road is identified on the west side of present-day Highway 15 in Section 29 of Precinct 7. The road ran from present-day Plattsmouth, NE via St Peter's and near St. James, to Niobrara, NE. The St. Peter's trading post and stage house was torn down a few years before the 1967 Nebraska Centennial.
St. Peter's School (District 12) was organized in 1875 and the schoolhouse was built in 1878 along a tributary of the East Bow Creek near the trading post and stage house. The school was washed away by an 1891 flood, was rebuilt at that location, then moved one-half mile north and one-half mile west. District 12 was dissolved and merged with the Hartington and Laurel Districts in 1970. St. Peter's post office, established May 21, 1875, with Mr. Abts as postmaster, was discontinued January 18, 1902. It was located just south of the school in 1885. The Abts homestead was located about four miles west and one mile north of St. Peter's.
# Cassani

Cassani is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Barbara Cassani (born 1960), American businesswoman
* Davide Cassani (born 1961), Italian cyclist
* Joseph Cassani (1673–1750), Spanish historian
* Mattia Cassani (born 1983), Italian footballer
* Valerio Cassani (1922–1995), Italian footballer
# European Foundation Project

As a European Commission proposal, the European Foundation Statute was a legal framework for non-profit foundations, which would have been additional and complementary to existing national legislations in constituent States. The European Foundation would have been legally recognised in all European Union member states, and would have operated under the same set of conditions across the European Union.

## Purpose

Proponents of a European Foundation statute pointed out that foundations and their funders are increasingly working across borders, but that a number of legal and administrative barriers are hampering new foundation initiatives in Europe and the current work of existing foundations.
The statute was proposed to offer an appropriate legal tool to perform and increase foundations work and operations across Europe, while reducing costly administrative burden.

## Status

On 8 February 2012, the European Commission presented a proposal on a European Foundation Statute. This proposal has been shared with the Council of Ministers, representing the governments of the 27 member states for review and approval, as well as to the European Parliament for its consent.
The European Parliament pledged support to European statutes for foundations, as well as associations and mutual societies, with the signatures by a majority of its members of a written declaration in February 2011.
The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), the EU's official advisory body on social and economic matters, passed an opinion backing the statute, drafted by Mall Hellam, by a large majority on 28 April 2010.
The campaign to implement the European Foundation Statute was led by the European Foundation Centre and the Donors and Foundations Networks in Europe (DAFNE).
In January 2015, the Commission confirmed its withdrawal of the legislative proposal for the European Foundation Statute in its 2015 work programme following its failure to pass through COREPER 1.
# 100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment)

The 100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment) was raised in Ireland in 1804 for service in the Napoleonic Wars. After a few weeks, Lieutenant Colonel John Murray was appointed to command; he was to remain in this post for most of the regiment's active service.

## History

The regiment was raised in Ireland as the 100th Regiment of Foot for service in the Napoleonic Wars in 1804.
The 100th were transferred to Nova Scotia in 1805, with 271 men being lost when the troopship Aeneas was wrecked off Newfoundland. They were then stationed in Canada proper. In 1807, Colonel Isaac Brock, then serving on the staff in North America, reported favourably on the regiment while they were serving as garrison for Quebec City, and commented, "The men were principally raised in the north of Ireland, and are nearly all Protestants; they are robust, active, and good looking."
During the War of 1812 the regiment served on the Canadian frontier. A detachment was present at the Battle of Sackett's Harbour in May 1813. Major George Taylor captured two 10-gun American vessels, the Growler and Eagle, on 3 June 1813 on the Sorrell River near Île aux Noix on the Canadian side of the lake, after a fight of three-and-a-half hours; British casualties were three men wounded and American casualties were one man killed and eight severely wounded. (Both vessels were taken into Royal Navy service, but the Americans recaptured them the next year.) The regiment was given an extra descriptor as the 100th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment) in 1813.
The whole regiment took part in the Capture of Fort Niagara in December 1813. From there, they were engaged on raids to Buffalo and Black Rock in late December 1813.
In July 1814, the regiment saw action at the Battle of Chippawa (or Street's Creek), where the regiment took heavy losses, reduced to "one Captain & 3 subalterns doing duty, with 250 effective men". They then served at the Siege of Fort Erie in the closing months of the year. For their services in the defence of Canada, they were awarded the battle honour Niagara. The Colonel of the Regiment was Brig. Sir Frederick John Falkiner, Bt.
In February 1816 the regiment was renumbered as the 99th Regiment of Foot (Prince Regent's County of Dublin Regiment), then withdrawn to England in 1818 to be disbanded at Chatham. As the Napoleonic Wars ended, England was faced with thousands of returning soldiers. Rather than having them all return to England and Ireland, many of soldiers of the 100th Foot were offered and accepted land-grants in Upper Canada. The largest settlement from the 100th Foot was in Richmond, Ontario. The transport Hussaren arrived at Quebec from Cowes on 31 May with 124 officers and men of the 76th and 99th Regiments of Foot.

## Colonels of the Regiment

Colonels of the Regiment were:

### 100th Regiment of Foot

* 1805–?1818: Brig. Sir Frederick John Falkiner, Bt.
* disbanded 1818
# Fifth Avenue (disambiguation)

Fifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in Manhattan, New York City.
Fifth Avenue may also refer to:

## Streets

* 5th Avenue, Caloocan and Quezon City, Philippines
* Fifth Avenue (Brooklyn)
* Quinta Avenida (Havana) (Fifth Avenue), boulevard in Miramar, Havana, Cuba
* Fifth Avenue (Pittsburgh)

## Buildings

* Fifth Avenue Place (Calgary), a skyscraper on 5th Avenue in Calgary, Alberta
* Fifth Avenue Place (Pittsburgh), a skyscraper on 5th Avenue in Pittsburgh
* 5th Avenue Theatre, a theater in Seattle, Washington
* Anchorage 5th Avenue Mall

## Transit

* Several New York City Subway stations in Manhattan:
** Fifth Avenue–59th Street (BMT Broadway Line), at 59th Street; serving the N, ​R, and ​W trains
** Fifth Avenue/53rd Street (IND Queens Boulevard Line), at 53rd Street; serving the E and ​M trains
** Fifth Avenue (IRT Flushing Line), at 42nd Street; serving the 7 and <7>​ trains
* Fifth Avenue Line (Brooklyn elevated), demolished Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation rapid transit line
* Fifth Avenue Line (Brooklyn surface), a singular bus route in Brooklyn
* Madison and Fifth Avenues buses, several bus routes in Manhattan
* Fifth Avenue Bus Company, a former double-decker manufacturer
* Fifth Avenue Coach Company and Surface Transit, a former bus operator in Manhattan
* 5th Avenue station (LRT), a train station on the Manila LRT Line 1 in Caloocan, Philippines
* 5th Avenue station (PNR), a train station on the Philippine National Railways in Caloocan, Philippines

## Other

* 5th Avenue (candy), a candy bar introduced in 1936
* Chrysler Fifth Avenue, a large car
* Saks Fifth Avenue, department store chain in the United States
* Fifth Avenue High School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
* Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, an anti-war parade coordinator during the mid-1960s
* 5th Avenue (album), an album by Christina Aguilar
* 5th Avenue Cinema, a projection theater in Portland, Oregon
* 5th Avenue Theatre, a landmark theatre building located in Seattle, Washington
* Fifth Avenue Theatre, a Broadway theatre in New York City demolished in 1939
* Fifth Avenue (film), a 1926 American silent drama film
* Avenue 5, a 2020 comedy series
* "5th Avenue", a song by America from Perspective
# Treskavac, Ribnik

Treskavac (Serbian Cyrillic: Трескавац) is a village in the municipality of Ribnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Carl Painter

Carl Painter (born May 10, 1964) is an American former professional football running back. He played for the Detroit Lions from 1988 to 1989. He was selected by the Lions in the sixth round of the 1988 NFL draft.
# Richmond Square

Richmond Square may refer to:
* Richmond Centre (mall), formerly Richmond Square, in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
* Richmond Mall, formerly Richmond Square, in Richmond, Indiana
# Lore Kutschera

Dr. Lore Kutschera (b. 14 September 1917, Villach, d. 16 October 2008, Klagenfurt) was an Austrian botanist, ecologist, phytosociologist, and educator known for her research of plant root systems and phytosociology in agricultural contexts. In 1962 she received her doctorate at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, and later in life received several state awards form Klagenfurt for her scientific achievements. In 1982, she founded the International Society of Root Research.
# Loricalepis

Loricalepis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae. The only species is Loricalepis duckei.
Its native range is Northern Brazil.
# Swiss Excellence Airplanes

Swiss Excellence Airplanes (SEA) is a Swiss aircraft manufacturer that was founded in 2014 by Italian-Argentine aeronautical engineer Alberto Porto and is based in Lugano. The operations site is located in Pavullo nel Frignano close to the Pavullo nel Frignano Airport.

## History

SEA was formed by Porto Ricerca, Porto's consulting company for engineering and fluid dynamics research that has done work in the fields of aerospace, sports cars and racing sailboats.
SEA developed the Swiss Excellence Risen ultralight aircraft in 2012. The prototype was presented at the AERO Friedrichshafen show in April 2015 and it entered production in mid-2015.
In 2016 CEO Alberto Porto was awarded the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale De la Vaulx Medal for setting a speed record with the Risen. He also received an Oscar from the VFR magazine for this record.

## Aircraft

* Swiss Excellence Risen - retractable gear version
* Swiss Excellence Siren - fixed gear version
# Swissvale, Colorado

Swissvale, Colorado is a small, rural unincorporated community in western Fremont County, Colorado, United States. It is located along U.S. Route 50.
# Swiss Militärblachen

Swiss Militärblachen, a kind of Military Shelter-half, are square tarpaulins printed with camouflage. They are used as rain protection, as elements in bivouac and for camouflaging military equipment. They are specially treated and therefore water repellent and highly resistant to abrasion and dirt. "Blache" is Swiss German. The word is not used in any other german-speaking country. In Germany and Austria, shelter-halves are known as "Mehrzweckplane", however, the ones used there are trapezoid-shaped.
The official name is the Swiss army tent 01 and tent 64. The number in each case represents the year of introduction (1901 and 1964). The two models differ in camouflage and button arrangement. They are sewn or riveted to the Militärblachen, and very old models have the buttons on a strong string attached so that a button can be used on both sides - the button can be pulled through the loop to the opposite side.
Older Militärblachen have the TAZ 83 camo pattern on one side, while newer ones have a green camo pattern on both sides, not similar to the TAZ 90 pattern.
The Swiss Militärblache is square and has a side length of 165 centimeters. It consists of chemically modified Cotton and has reinforced seams, giving it very high tensile strength. Along the edges are 32 buttonholes and 64 aluminium buttons installed in double rows, making it possible to connect two sheets. Every Militärblache has a removable 2-meter tent cord in a 60 cm long "neck strap" and four corner and center cords. The corners have strong metal eyelets to hold a tent pole. The dry Militärblache weighs 1.25 kg.
Everyy tarp has a peg bag ("Zelteinheit"), which includes three aluminum or steel pegs (depending on the version) and either three pegs of wood (each 40.5 cm, composed of 110 cm long) or four long and one short aluminum tent poles.
Damaged Militärblachen were once identified by a corner with a yellow color and referred to as "B-Blache" or "Ausschussblache" (Surplus). Today, all tarps with double print are surplus, since new tarps only have camouflage print on one side.
By skillfully combining several different Tarpaulins, tents can be manufactured in different sizes and shapes. In this use, the surplus is interesting especially for youth organizations (Scouts, CEVI, Jungwacht, blue ring, BESJ and others).
Swiss Militärblachen with the TAZ 83 pattern are still in use in the Swiss Military along with Militärblachen with the green camo pattern.
# Syd Billings

Sydney Charles Billings (1 January 1879 – 5 June 1915) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Career

Billings, a defender recruited from Rose of Northcote, was already 26 when he debuted for Fitzroy in the 1905 VFL season. Fitzroy were the reigning VFL premiers, but Billings broke into the side in the opening round and played 13 games in the home and away season. He didn't take part in the 1905 finals series, which ended with Fitzroy claiming another premiership. In the 1906 season, Billings played only the first seven rounds, but in the 1907 season he was a regular in the team, with 12 appearances. Often used as a full-back, Billings was said to be noted for his "brilliant high marking"
In 1908 he got a permit to return to Rose of Northcote. By this time he was also playing district cricket for the Northcote Cricket Club and in 1911–12 was a member of the club's first-grade premiership side. As a footballer he went on to play for Northcote in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), later Northcote-Preston as a result of a merger. He was cleared to the Williamstown Football Club in 1912. He played only three games for 'Town without kicking a goal in his only season for the Royal Blue and Golds.

## Personal life and death

Billings died in a car accident at Morang on the night of 5 June 1915, aged 36. He was a passenger in the car, which had to swerve into an embankment to avoid colliding with a wood dray. The back tyre burst and the occupants were tossed out of the vehicle. Billings appeared relatively unharmed, as he was able to go over and assist his companions in moving the car, but after giving it a lift lost consciousness. It was likely that he had suffered heart failure.
He was married to Luisa Billings, with whom he had two children, Charlie and Bessie. A concert was held at Northcote Town Hall to raise money for his family.
# Puya weddelliana

Puya weddelliana is a species of flowering plant in the Bromeliaceae family. It is endemic to Bolivia.
# Sweden, South Carolina

Sweden is an unincorporated community in Bamberg County, in the U.S. state of South Carolina.

## History

Sweden was so named in order to fit with the railroad's "Scandinavian" naming scheme; other such examples include Norway, South Carolina, and Finland, South Carolina.