OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Villalba v Merrill Lynch & Co Inc

Villalba v Merrill Lynch & Co Inc [2007] ICR 469 is a UK labour law case, concerning sex discrimination and equal pay. It was the largest claim to be lodged in the United Kingdom, but was rejected in the Employment Tribunal and on appeal.

## Facts

Stephanie Villalba was the daughter of a former head of Merrill Lynch's France operations, and had many family members working with the company. She too joined as a graduate and by 2002 had become the "Market Executive for Europe". She reported to a Mr Raymundo Yu, who quickly formed the view that Ms Villalba was "not flexible" in taking criticism or advice on board. Late 2002 was a bad time in the markets, and Mr Yu appointed a Mr Ausuf Abbas, who took over some of Ms Villalba's functions. From then, followed some incidents, which the Tribunal found amounted to less than Ms Villalba had alleged. One was an email where Mr Abbas said Ms Villalba was "high maintenance". This was found simply to mean "requiring considerable management time and effort". A second was that on a jet flight between Frankfurt and Milan, Villalba got the last seat, near the drinks cabinet, and was expected to pour drinks for the fellow travellers. She alleged she was being made to feel like a flight attendant, but it was found that anybody who had sat there would have had to do the same.
Feeling isolated, Ms Villalba confided in the Human Resources head Ms Pauline Cahill and made according to the tribunal a "tentative allegation of sex discrimination", that she was not being treated as an equal team member. Ms Cahill (who had heard concerns about Ms Villalba's performance) encouraged Ms Villalba to work constructively, but then went and told others, and by 11 December Mr Abbas had heard that Ms Villalba had alleged sex discrimination. After that their relationship broke down and she complained further to Ms Cahill that Mr Abbas was "micro managing" her, while afterwards Mr Abbas said he tried to avoid her. In January bonuses were awarded, by Mr Yu, and Ms Villalba got the middle-ranking bonus for people who merely "achieved requirements". On 23 January Villalba and Abbas had a fight. Human resources did not do anything, except try to keep them apart. Mr Yu tried to find her a new job, but the one he came up with did not have the same pay or promotion prospects. On 21 Villalba sent a letter suggesting sex discrimination. Villalba rejected the new post, or any that would be outside the UK. On 28 March she was offered some leave while a new post was found, and she replied that she had instructed solicitors. After that she was told she must stay at home and her contract was terminated at the end of July.
Bonuses are 75%-80% of pay at Merrill Lynch, and the tribunal noted there is a culture of secrecy about these figures, but at the same time are perceived as a vital indicator of personal worth to the company. The Tribunal rejected the contention about sex discrimination, but did hold that Villalba's claims of victimisation were well founded, given Cahill's failure to keep Villalba's complaints confidential (see SDA 1975 ss 4(1) and 6(2)(b)).

## Judgment

Elias J rejected the appeal.
# Starovo

Starovo is a village in Kirkovo Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.
# Trumped Up Cards

Trumped Up Cards is a party game developed by Reid Hoffman to poke fun at then presidential candidate Donald Trump. It was modeled after the popular Cards Against Humanity card game and sold online. The game was featured on an episode of The Daily Show with Trevor Noah in which Hoffman was a guest. The game has also been covered by a large number of mainstream media outlets, including The New York Times and USA Today. The game is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
# Sandy Stewart

Sandy Stewart may refer to:
* Sandy Stewart (singer) (born 1937), jazz singer, mother of pianist Bill Charlap
* Sandy Stewart (musician) (born 1958), singer from Texas
* Sandy Stewart (producer) (1930–1998), Canadian television producer and writer
* Sandy Stewart (footballer) (born 1965), Scottish footballer and football manager
* Sandy Stewart (coach), American volleyball coach
# StarDict

StarDict, developed by Hu Zheng (胡正), is a free GUI released under the GPL-3.0-or-later license for accessing StarDict dictionary files (a dictionary shell). It is the successor of StarDic, developed by Ma Su'an (馬蘇安), continuing its version numbers.
According to StarDict's earlier homepage on SourceForge, the project has been removed from SourceForge due to copyright infringement reports. It moved to Google Code and then back to SourceForge, while development is now seemingly continued on GitHub.

## Supported platforms

StarDict runs under Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, Maemo and Solaris. Dictionaries of the user's choice are installed separately. Dictionary files can be created by converting dict files.
Several programs compatible with the StarDict dictionary format are available for different platforms. For the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad, applications available in the App Store include GuruDic, TouchDict, weDict, Dictionary Universal, Alpus and others, as well as the free iStarDict, which is available for the Cydia Store.

## Dictionaries available

One can find here the partial list of FreeDict dictionaries which can be converted to the StarDict format. These include, in particular, some older versions of Webster's dictionary and many dictionaries for various languages.

## Features

While StarDict is in scan mode, results are displayed in a tooltip, allowing easy dictionary lookup. When combined with Freedict, StarDict will quickly provide rough translations of foreign language websites.
On September 25, 2006, an online version of Stardict began operation. This online version includes access to all the major dictionaries of StarDict, as well as Wikipedia in Chinese.
Previous versions of StarDict were very similar to the PowerWord dictionary program, which is developed by a Chinese company, KingSoft. Since version 2.4.2, however, StarDict has diverged from the design of PowerWord by increasing its search capabilities and adding lexicons in a variety of languages. This was assisted by the collaboration of many developers with the author.
Evgeniy A. Dushistov produced the command line version of StarDict called sdcv.
# Toshiro Tezuka

Toshiro Tezuka (手塚 敏郎, Tezuka Toshirō, July 1, 1873 – October 26, 1933) was a Japanese prosecutor and Head of Civil Affairs Bureau (1918–1922) and 1st Governor (1922–1923) of the South Seas Mandate. He was from Miyazaki Prefecture. He was a graduate of the University of Tokyo.

## Biography

He was born in Takanabe Town, Koyu District, Miyazaki Prefecture . In 1901 (Meiji 34), he graduated from Tokyo Imperial University Law School and became an assistant judicial officer. In 1903 (Meiji 36), he became a public prosecutor and served at the Hakodate Ward Court, the Hakodate District Court, the Sapporo District Court, and the Numazu Ward Court. In 1908 (Meiji 41), he was transferred to the Ministry of Home Affairs, and successively served as Fukui Prefectural Clerk and Police Chief, Nagasaki Prefectural Clerk and Police Chief, and Shimane Prefectural Home Affairs Director.
In 1918 ( Taisho 7), he was appointed Chief of Naval Affairs and Chief of the Temporary Civil Affairs Department of the Defense Force of the South Sea Islands, and took charge of the administration of the South Sea Islands .
In 1922 (Taisho 11), when the Temporary South Seas Archipelago Defense Corps was abolished and the Nan'yō Government was established, he was appointed as the first director.
# Lake Iroquois

Lake Iroquois can refer to:
* Lake Iroquois (South Dakota)
* Lake Iroquois (Vermont) in Vermont in the United States
* Lake Iroquois, Illinois in Iroquois County in Illinois in the United States
* Glacial Lake Iroquois, a prehistoric lake in the bed of present-day Lake Ontario in North America.
# 601 Assault Helicopter Battalion

The 601 Assault Helicopter Battalion (Spanish: Batallón de Helicópteros de Asalto 601) is a helicopter unit of the Argentine Army.

## Description

This battalion is the main helicopter unit of the Argentine Army Aviation and is based at Campo de Mayo, Buenos Aires. The unit is composed by Bell UH-1H and Aerospatiale Puma helicopters. It is organised in two assault companies.
The battalion works closely with the infantry unit 601 Air Assault Regiment (Spanish: Regimiento de Asalto Aéreo 601), also based at Campo de Mayo.

## History

The unit took part in the Falklands War in 1982 with its original name "601 Combat Aviation Battalion" (Batallón de Aviación de Combate 601).

## Inventory

| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | In service |
| Bell UH-1 Iroquois | USA | Helicopter | 205A-1UH-1H | 216 |
| Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma | France | Helicopter | AS332B | 3 |
| Bell 212 | USA | Helicopter | | 1 |
# (I'm Settin') Fancy Free

"(I'm Settin') Fancy Free" (sometimes known as "I'm Setting Fancy Free" or simply "Fancy Free") is a song written by Roy August and Jimbeau Hinson, and recorded by American country music group The Oak Ridge Boys as the title song of their album, Fancy Free. It was released in August 1981 as the second single from the album. It reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in November 1981, during The Oak Ridge Boys' peak of popularity, and it is considered one of their signature songs.

## Charts

| Chart (1981) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 4 |
| US Adult Contemporary (Billboard) | 17 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 2 |
# Smuggler's Gold

Smuggler's Gold may refer to:
* Smuggler's Gold (film), 1951 American adventure film directed by William Berke
* Smuggler's Gold, the fourth book in the Merovingen Nights series by C. J. Cherryh
# Endoxyla columbina

Endoxyla columbina is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and New South Wales.
# Georgetown Institute for Consumer Research

The Georgetown Institute for Consumer Research (GICR) is an academic institute within the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University that was founded in 2012.
The Georgetown Institute for Consumer Research (GICR) seeks to advance research that builds an understanding of consumers, with a focus on data analytics. GICR has several goals: •Support faculty research in consumer analytics and insights;
•Develop student expertise in consumer analytics through offerings such as the MBA Certificate in Consumer Analytics and Insights; •Collaborate with organizations interested in consumer analytics and insights; and •Convene stakeholders for events related to consumer analytics and insights.

## Background

McDonough School of Business, home of the institute, is part of Georgetown University, founded in Washington, D.C. in 1789. The institute shares the university’s mission to produce knowledge and educate leaders to address the most significant challenges and opportunities facing business and society. Other centers and initiatives that the McDonough School of Business supports include, but are not limited to, the Center for Business & Public Policy, Center for Financial Markets and Policy, Real Estate Finance Initiative, Entrepreneurship Initiative, Global Business Initiative, Global Social Enterprise Initiative, Women's Leadership Initiative, and the Institute for the Study of Markets and Ethics.
# Aedia perdicipennis

Aedia perdicipennis is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Frederic Moore in 1882. It is found in the north-eastern Himalayas of India, Nepal, Thailand, Myanmar, Taiwan, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra and Sulawesi.
# Samo (Nina Kraljić album)

Samo (English: Only) is the debut studio album by the Croatian singer-songwriter Nina Kraljić. It was released on 30 September 2016 in Croatia, through Universal Music Austria. The album includes the singles "Zaljuljali smo svijet" and her Eurovision Song Contest 2016 entry, "Lighthouse".

## Background

Work on Samo began in 2015. It features Nina's successful, characteristic musical expression. The album's release was intended to be much earlier, but the Eurovision Song Contest project prolonged the process. With this album, Nina presented herself as a songwriter and composer with the songs "Lay you down" and "Lullaby". Nina wrote ''Lullaby'' when she was 18 years old, dedicating the song to her late grand grandmother. The song ''Što te nema'' features the Croatian pianist Matija Dedić. Ata ey foshehu sham is written in Hebrew, Negdje is the Croatian version of the same song.

## Singles

"Zaljuljali smo svijet" was released as the album's lead single and as Nina's debut single on 30 June 2015. "Lighthouse" was released as the album's second single released on 9 March 2016. It represented Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016. Samo was released on 30 September 2016 as a promotional single for the album.

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| Croatian Domestic Albums (HDU) | 8 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Edition | Label | Ref. |
| Worldwide | 30 September 2016 | Digital download, CD | Standard | Universal Music Croatia | |
# Experience Based Learning

Experience Based Learning, also known as EBL, is an Illinois-based Zip-line tour and installation company founded in 1993 by Steven Gustafson. Gustafson served on the board of directors for the standards developer for zip-lines, the Professional Ropes Course Association, as its president until 2015.

## History

EBL was founded in 1993 by owner Steve Gustafson. He obtained his degrees in Recreation, Parks and Tourism and Geology from Western Illinois University. Gustafson has been participating, operating and building ropes challenge course, zip-lines and zip-line courses since 1986. He is considered by some to be the founder of the modern day zipline. EBL installed the first commercially promoted zip line tour with cables in the United States, alongside the client installing their own platforms, and has erected numerous courses since. The first went up in 2002 in Hawai'i. Part of the concept for the touring originated in Costa Rica, as an Ecotourism adventure.

## Operations

EBL has installed zip-line courses at numerous locations throughout the US and also has installations in South Korea and Canada. In 2014 EBL opened a zip-line in its founder's home town of Rockford, Illinois. EBL, along with other zipline operators, has called for stricter self-policing in the light of numerous deaths from other zip-line courses.
# 671 Carnegia

671 Carnegia is a minor planet orbiting the Sun.
# John Francis McLaren

John Francis McLaren (19 June 1919 – 23 March 1953) was a Royal Air Force officer. He was the younger son of Henry McLaren, 2nd Baron Aberconway and Christabel MacNaghten.

## Career

Educated at Eton College, McLaren became an RAF squadron leader during World War II, first serving as a Mosquito pilot and later as a flight instructor. After the war, he became a barrister of the Inner Temple in 1946. He was made High Sheriff of Denbighshire in 1952, but died in 1953.

## Family

On 3 April 1940, he married Lady Rose Mary Primrose Paget (1919–2005), a noted beauty and the daughter of Charles Paget, 6th Marquess of Anglesey. They had two daughters, six grandchildren and three great-grandchildren:
* Victoria Mary Caroline McLaren (23 May 1945) she married Jonathan Taylor on 4 October 1966. They have four daughters and one grandson:
** Arabella Lucy Kirwan Taylor b. 1969
** Lucinda Sophie Kirwan Taylor (1972)
** Caroline Samantha Kirwan Taylor (1976) she married Alexander Simon Ramsay (grandson of 16th Earl of Dalhousie). They have one son.
** Katharine Polly Kirwan Taylor (1979)
* Harriet Diana Christabel McLaren (18 January 1949) she married Hugh Geddes (grandson of Auckland Campbell Geddes, 1st Baron Geddes though his third son) on 27 January 1972. They have two sons and two grandchildren:
** Luke John McLaren Geddes (22 March 1974)
** Sam Duncan McLaren Geddes (29 August 1975) he married Mary C. Banker. They have two children:
*** John Geddes (29 November 2013)
*** Eva Rose Christabel Geddes (19 October 2015)
# Solirubrobacter ginsenosidimutans

Solirubrobacter ginsenosidimutans is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Solirubrobacter which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field from the Baekdu Mountain in China.
# Endoxyla (moth)

Endoxyla is a genus of moths in the family Cossidae and are found in Australia.

## Species

* Endoxyla acontucha
* Endoxyla affinis
* Endoxyla amphiplecta
* Endoxyla angasii
* Endoxyla biarpiti
* Endoxyla bipustulata
* Endoxyla celebesa
* Endoxyla cinereus
* Endoxyla columbina
* Endoxyla coscinopa
* Endoxyla coscinophanes
* Endoxyla coscinota
* Endoxyla decorata
* Endoxyla dictyoschema
* Endoxyla didymoplaca
* Endoxyla donovani
* Endoxyla duponchelli
* Endoxyla edwardsi
* Endoxyla eluta
* Endoxyla encalypti
* Endoxyla episticha
* Endoxyla eremonoma
* Endoxyla eumitra
* Endoxyla euplecta
* Endoxyla euryphaea
* Endoxyla fusca
* Endoxyla grisea
* Endoxyla houlberti
* Endoxyla interlucens
* Endoxyla leucomochla
* Endoxyla lichenea
* Endoxyla lituratus
* Endoxyla mackeri
* Endoxyla macleayi
* Endoxyla magnifica
* Endoxyla magniguttata
* Endoxyla methychroa
* Endoxyla meyi
* Endoxyla minutiscripta
* Endoxyla nebulosa
* Endoxyla nephocosma
* Endoxyla neuroxantha
* Endoxyla nubila
* Endoxyla opposita
* Endoxyla perigypsa
* Endoxyla phaeocosma
* Endoxyla polyplecta
* Endoxyla polyploca
* Endoxyla pulchra
* Endoxyla punctifimbria
* Endoxyla reticulosa
* Endoxyla secta
* Endoxyla sordida
* Endoxyla stenoptila
* Endoxyla tanyctena
* Endoxyla tenebrifer
* Endoxyla tigrina
* Endoxyla turneri
* Endoxyla vittata
* Endoxyla zophoplecta
* Endoxyla zophospila
# 2012 Cup of Nations (rugby union)

The 2012 Emirates Cup of Nations is the second Cup of Nations tournament to be hosted by the United Arab Emirates and will be again held at The Sevens Stadium in Dubai. This tournament acts as a year ending tournament for tier 3 teams from different continents and provides greater preparation for teams to play in their regional competitions.
The tournament is a joint initiative of the UAE Rugby Federation and the Hong Kong Rugby Football Union.
The four competing teams are hosts UAE, 2012 Asian Five Nations runners up Hong Kong, 2012 Africa Cup champions Zimbabwe and 2010-2012 European Nations Cup Division 1B champions Belgium.
Zimbabwe will send a weakened squad to the tournament, due to the clash with the 2012 South Africa Sevens, for which Zimbabwe has qualified.
An earlier draw for the event had six teams playing, with Papua New Guinea and Mexico playing alongside the four competing nations. However, both teams withdrew due to financial problems.
Belgium won the tournament, defeating defending champions Hong Kong on the third and final match day, 24-12. Hong Kong were runners up, with Zimbabwe taking third place, defeating United Arab Emirates.

## Format

The tournament is being played as a single round-robin, with the winner being the leading team after the third round of fixtures. The points for the tournament were awarded for: Win = 4 points Draw = 2 points Loss = 1 point Scoring 4 or more tries in one game = 1 bonus point Losing by 7 or less points = 1 bonus point

## Fixtures and results

| Place | Nation | Games | Games | Games | Games | Points | Points | Points | Bonus points | Table points |
| Place | Nation | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | For | Against | Difference | Bonus points | Table points |
| 1 | Belgium (23) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 146 | 26 | +120 | 2 | 14 |
| 2 | Hong Kong (28) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 85 | 37 | +48 | 1 | 9 |
| 3 | Zimbabwe (30) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 83 | 64 | +19 | 1 | 5 |
| 4 | United Arab Emirates (96) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 23 | 210 | -187 | 0 | 0 |
Pre-tournament rankings in parentheses
# Aedia nigrescens

Aedia nigrescens is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Wallengren in 1856 in the genus Anophia. It was originally found in the Southern Africa, later Central and West Africa.

## Taxonomy

The name Aedia nigrescens (Wallengren, 1856) is a recombination, it is a homonym of Aedia nigrescens Grote & Robinson, 1866 which became a subjective synonym of Melipotis indomita (Walker, 1858)
# Samuel Gómez

Samuel Gómez (born 6 August 1996) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Real España in the Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Honduras.

## Career

Before the 2021 season, Gómez signed for Honduran side Real España.
# Secondary sclerosing cholangitis

Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease. SSC is a sclerosing cholangitis with a known cause. Alternatively, if no cause can be identified, then primary sclerosing cholangitis is diagnosed. SSC is an aggressive and rare disease with complex and multiple causes. It is characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, destruction of the biliary tree and biliary cirrhosis. It can be treated with minor interventions such as continued antibiotic use and monitoring, or in more serious cases, laparoscopic surgery intervention, and possibly a liver transplant.

## Cause

SSC is thought to develop as a consequence of known injuries or pathological processes of the biliary tree, such as biliary obstruction, surgical trauma to the bile duct, or ischemic injury to the biliary tree. Secondary causes of SSC include intraductal stone disease, surgical or blunt abdominal trauma, intra-arterial chemotherapy, and recurrent pancreatitis. It has been clearly demonstrated that sclerosing cholangitis can develop after an episode of severe bacterial cholangitis. Also it was suggested that it can result from insult to the biliary tree by obstructive cholangitis secondary to choledocholithiasis, surgical damage, trauma, vascular insults, parasites, or congenital fibrocystic disorders. Additional causes of secondary SC are toxic, due to chemical agents or drugs.

## Diagnosis

SSC is clinically related to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), but originates from a known pathological process. Diagnosis of PSC requires the exclusion of all secondary causes of sclerosing cholangitis; else, if a known aetiology can be uncovered, SSC is diagnosed. Its clinical and cholangiographic features may mimic PSC, yet its natural history may be more favorable if recognition is prompt and appropriate therapy is introduced. Sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients, however, is associated with rapid disease progression and poor outcome. Serologic testing, radiological imaging and histological analysis can help diagnose SSC.

## Treatment

First lines of treatment can include mass spectrum antibiotics or drainage of the bile duct that is infected followed by close monitoring. Endoscopic surgery is favored over open procedures to reduce infection and quicker recovery times. If these fail a liver transplant may be necessary.