OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Acosta (canton)

Acosta is the twelfth canton in the province of San José in Costa Rica. The head city of the canton is San Ignacio.

## History

Acosta was created on 27 October 1910 by decree 24.

## Geography

Acosta has an area of 342.56 km$^2$ (132.26 sq mi) and a mean elevation of 1,009 m (3,310 ft).
The mountainous canton begins in the Cerros de Escazú on the far western edge of the San José Metropolitan Area. It continues west and south between the Negro River on the north and the Jorco River on the east to encompass a large portion of the Coastal Mountain Range, ending at the border of Puntarenas Province near the Pacific coast in Parrita Canton.

## Government
### Mayor

According to Costa Rica's Municipal Code, mayors are elected every four years by the population of the canton. As of the latest municipal elections in 2024, the National Liberation Party candidate, Nelson Martín Umaña Quirós, was elected mayor of the canton with 41.92% of the votes, with Tania Granados Borbón and Marianela Arias Elizondo as first and second vice mayors, respectively.
Mayors of Acosta since the 2002 elections :
| Period | Name | Party |
| 2002–2006 | Rónald Ricardo Durán Gamboa | PLN |
| 2006–2010 | Rónald Ricardo Durán Gamboa | PLN |
| 2010–2016 | Luis Alberto Durán Gamboa | PLN |
| 2016–2020 | Norman Eduardo Hidalgo Gamboa | PAC |
| 2020–2024 | Norman Eduardo Hidalgo Gamboa | PAC |
| 2024–2028 | Nelson Martín Umaña Quirós | PLN |

### Municipal Council

Like the mayor and vice mayors, members of the Municipal Council (called regidores) are elected every four years. Acosta's Municipal Council has 5 seats for regidores and their substitutes, who can participate in meetings but not vote unless the owning regidor (regidor propietario) is absent. The Municipal Council's composition for the 2024–2028 period is as follows:
Composition of the Municipal Council of Acosta after the 2024 municipal elections :
| Political parties in the Municipal Council of Acosta ||||||
| Political party | Political party | Political party | Regidores | Regidores | Regidores |
| Political party | Political party | Political party | № | Owner | Substitute |
| | National Liberation Party (PLN) | | 2 | Olga Vargas Sánchez | Seidy Lucía Chinchilla Garro |
| | National Liberation Party (PLN) | | 2 | Fermin Carrillo Palma | Antonio Chinchilla Vindas |
| | Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC) | | 2 | Christian Javier Arias Hidalgo | Sergio Manuel Ramírez Azofeifa |
| | Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC) | | 2 | Julissa Castro Murcia | Roxana Sánchez Prado |
| | Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) | | 1 | Fabio Mauricio Arias Prado | Eddy Calderón Jiménez |

## Districts

The canton of Acosta is subdivided into the following districts:
* San Ignacio
* Guaitil
* Palmichal
* Cangrejal
* Sabanillas

## Demographics

Acosta had an estimated population of 22,542 people in 2022, up from 20,209 at the time of the 2011 census.
Acosta had a Human Development Index of 0.731 in 2022.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The canton is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 209
* National Route 301

## Notas

* ↑ Also legally named Alba Vargas Sánchez.
# USS C-1

USS C-1 (SS-9) was the lead ship of her class of submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

## Description

The C-class submarines were enlarged versions of the preceding B class, the first American submarines with two propeller shafts. They had a length of 105 feet 3 inches (32.1 m) overall, a beam of 13 feet 10 inches (4.2 m) and a mean draft of 10 feet 10 inches (3.3 m). They displaced 240 long tons (240 t) on the surface and 273 long tons (277 t) submerged. The C-class boats had a crew of 1 officer and 14 enlisted men. They had a diving depth of 200 feet (61.0 m).
For surface running, they were powered by two 240-brake-horsepower (179 kW) Craig gasoline engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 115-horsepower (86 kW) electric motor. They could reach 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) on the surface and 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) underwater. On the surface, the boats had a range of 776 nautical miles (1,437 km; 893 mi) at 8.13 knots (15.06 km/h; 9.36 mph) and 24 nmi (44 km; 28 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) submerged.
The boats were armed with two 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow. They carried two reloads, for a total of four torpedoes.

## Construction and career

C-1 was laid down by Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy, Massachusetts, under a subcontract from Electric Boat Company, as Octopus. Octopus was launched on 4 October 1906 sponsored by Miss F. Webster, and commissioned on 30 June 1908. She was renamed C-1 on 17 November 1911. Assigned to Submarine Flotilla 2 (SubFlot 2), Octopus operated out of Newport, Rhode Island and New York City until 9 October 1908. Tests and experiments, of both submarine design and the tactical use of her type, continued from Norfolk, Virginia and Newport until she was placed in reserve at Charleston, South Carolina on 14 February 1910. Recommissioned on 15 April, the submarine conducted experiments and served as training vessel at Newport until 10 May 1913. C-1 was reassigned to Submarine Group 1, Torpedo Flotilla, Atlantic Fleet, and from 29 May – 7 December operated out of Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. She served in Panamanian waters in training, and later, on patrol during World War I until 4 August 1919, when she was decommissioned at Coco Solo in the Panama Canal Zone. Here, she was sold on 13 April 1920.
# Rinse Koopman

Rinse Koopmans (9 March 1770, in Grouw – 5 September 1826, in Koudum) was a Dutch Mennonite teacher and minister.
He was trained at the Amsterdam Mennonite seminary and first served in Blokzijl 1794, Dokkum 1795, and Amsterdam 1796. Koopmans wrote several "Verhandelingen" or lectures, that were published, and his De zoenoffers des Ouden Verbonds en den dood van Christus met derselve vergeleken won a prize from Teylers Eerste Genootschap, which he then joined in 1815 and remained a member till his death in 1826.
# Disonycha figurata

Disonycha figurata is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Scaphiophryne spinosa

Scaphiophryne spinosa is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to eastern Madagascar. It has been considered synonym of Scaphiophryne marmorata, but a revision in 2002 restored its species status. It inhabits pristine rainforests, swampy forests, forest edges, and degraded forests; it is absent from very open areas. Habitat loss is a threat to this species.
# Ronald Toby

Ronald P. Toby (born 1942) is an American historian, academic, writer and Japanologist.

## Early life

Toby earned a doctorate in Japanese history from Columbia University in 1977.

## Career

As a university professor, Toby's teaching experience has included the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the University of California at Berkeley, Keio University, and the University of Tokyo.
Toby's academic specialization focuses on issues having to do with pre- and early-modern Japan. His book State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan demonstrates that during the so-called "closed country" period in the Edo era, Japan was never truly closed to the outside world.

## Select works

Tony's published writings encompass 52 works in 158 publications in 3 languages and 2,117 library holdings.
* 2019 — Engaging the Other: 'Japan' and Its Alter-Egos, 1550-1850 Leiden:Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-39062-1; OCLC 1066182857
* 2004 — Emergence of Economic Society in Japan, 1600-1870 with Hayami Akira and Osamu Saitō. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198289050; OCLC 53388426
* 1983 — State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05401-8; OCLC 182640041
* 1977 — The Early Tokugawa Bakufu and Seventeenth Century Japanese Relations with East Asia. Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University. OCLC 6909487
* 1974 — Korean-Japanese Diplomacy in 1711: Sukchong's Court and the Shogun's Title. M.A. thesis, Columbia University. OCLC 45788706
# Eupinivora ponderosae

Eupinivora ponderosae is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the montane regions of the western United States from Nevada, Utah, Wyoming and Colorado, south to Arizona and New Mexico and east to Texas. The habitat consists of conifer-dominated areas at elevations ranging from 1,700 to 2,700 meters.
The length of the forewings is 7.5–9 mm for males and 8.5–9.5 mm for females. Adult have been recorded on wing from June to July, although there is a single record from late May (Texas).
The larvae have been reared from Pinus ponderosa

## Etymology

The species name refers to the putative larval host and dominant tree in its habitat, the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa).
# Kızılcaköy, Köşk

Kızılcaköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Köşk, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 695 (2022).
# Spirit Catcher (album)

Spirit Catcher is a studio album by American jazz trumpeter Wadada Leo Smith, recorded in 1979 and released on Nessa Records.

## Background

Smith leads the New Dalta Akhri, a quintet with Dwight Andrews, Bobby Naughton, Wes Brown and Pheeroan akLaff, in two original compositions: "Images" and "Spirit Catcher". In addition, Smith prepared a very unusual piece for muted trumpet and three harps: "The Burning of Stones", a composition dedicated to Anthony Braxton with elements of two traditions involving harp-like instruments, the West African kora and the Japanese koto. The 2009 CD reissue adds an alternate version of this piece.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
In his review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow states: "This is thought-provoking music that grows in interest with each listen." The All About Jazz review by Clifford Allen says: "Recorded crisply by Rudy Van Gelder (unlike the somewhat murky Kabell LPs), Spirit Catcher presents Smith's earlier music with clarity and warmth."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Wadada Leo Smith
* "Images" - 19:09
* "The Burning of Stones" - 9:42
* "Spirit Catcher" - 9:43
Bonus track on CD
* "The Burning of Stones" first version - 11:13

## Personnel

* Wadada Leo Smith - trumpet, flugelhorn
* Dwight Andrews - clarinet, tenor sax, wooden flute
* Bobby Naughton - vibraharp
* Wes Brown - bass, wooden flute
* Pheeroan AkLaff - drums
* Irene Emanuel - harp
* Carol Emanuel - harp
* Ruth Emanuel - harp
# The Lottery in Babylon

"The Lottery in Babylon" (original Spanish: "La lotería en Babilonia", "The Babylon Lottery") is a fantasy short story by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges. It first appeared in 1941 in the literary magazine Sur, and was then included in the 1941 collection The Garden of Forking Paths (El jardín de los senderos que se bifurcan), which in turn became the part one of Ficciones (1944). Translated into English by John M. Fein, it was published in Prairie Schooner, Fall 1959, and in Labyrinths (New Directions, 1962).

## Plot summary

The story describes a mythical Babylon in which all activities are dictated by an all-encompassing lottery, which people must live by, and has full control over many's lives, a metaphor for the role of chance in one's life. Initially, the lottery was run as a lottery would be, with tickets purchased and the winner receiving a monetary reward. Later, punishments and larger monetary rewards were introduced. Further, participation became mandatory for all but the elite. Finally, it simultaneously became so all-encompassing and so secret some whispered "the Company has never existed, and never will," and some even posited that the question of the existence of the Company was irrelevant, as Babylon "is nothing but an infinite game of chance."

## Themes

The story is about the role that chance plays in life, whether occurrences are genuinely deserved or whether all of life is merely based on luck or loss. The story references Zeno's paradox by using the lottery as a metaphor for all the possible random occurrences that could occur between any two points in time. As with fate, the Babylonians attempted to gain control of the lottery by whispering in secret places, though the lottery eventually banned this as a liability. The story may be a criticism of the tendency of humans to claim the authority of nature and capitalize on it, as the Company does with chance. The Lottery cannot be challenged, as it is based on the absolute that is chance. As with most Borges stories, there is a bit of humor in this. At one point, a slave steals a lottery ticket that calls for the bearer's tongue to be burned off, which is the same penalty as for stealing a lottery ticket. The public then fight over whether the slave should be punished because it is the penalty for stealing or because it is what the ticket decreed.
# Schloss Rohrau

Schloss Rohrau is a castle in the town of Rohrau in Lower Austria, bordering on Burgenland. The building houses the art collection of the counts of Harrach.

## Medieval castle and dominion

Agnes of Poitou (d. 1077), the widow of Emperor Henry III, gave some lands, which extended from Petronell-Carnuntum on the Danube to Rohrau, to Count Palatine Rapoto V of Bavaria from the Counts of Vohburg, who died in 1099. At the beginning of the 12th century his descandent Diepold III, Margrave of Vohburg, gave the lands to Hugo von Liechtenstein (d. 1156) who had come to Austria in his knightly entourage. Hugo built Liechtenstein Castle about 45 km to the west on a fief that he received from the Babenberg margraves of Austria and named himself after it. He was the progenitor of the House of Liechtenstein, the ruling family of the Principality of Liechtenstein. Petronell and Rohrau, which became his own property in 1142 from feudal property, remained important Liechtenstein seats in the High Middle Ages.
Dietrich de Rorow, a member of the Liechtenstein family, was the first to be mentioned under this name in 1240. His line died out in 1278 with Dietrich III. His daughter Diemut married Leutold I von Stadeck († 1292/95). After the death of the last Johann Stadeck in 1399, Duke Wilhelm wanted to give it to his brother Ernst dem Eisernen, but heiress Guta married Hermann II, Count of Celje and received it from King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia as a gift. In 1402, Rohrau came into the hands of Ulrich, son of Hugo von Montfort-Pfannberg, who inherited from Guta. In 1404, King Ruprecht gave the castle and dominion of Rohrau to the Counts of Montfort who owned it for 120 years.

## Harrach family

The Harrach family first appeared in southern Bohemia in the 13th century, later in neighbouring Mühlviertel, including the wealthy town of Freistadt. The Harrachs owned estates in Styria and Carinthia at one time, but their main interests shifted to Vienna (see Palais Harrach) and Lower Austria.
Leonhard III von Harrach inherited the castle and in 1524, during the Counter-Reformation, his son Leonhard IV took the side of the Catholics. He was granted nobility in 1552 and, in 1584, the Order of the Golden Fleece. In 1586, he retired after 55 years of service to the court of Vienna and devoted himself to the Rohrau castle. He died in 1590 and was buried in the Augustinian Church, Vienna.
In 1593, the Turks stormed the castle. The damage was repaired in 1599–1605 and is documented in the family's archives.

## Art collection

The castle houses the Graf Harrach’sche Familiensammlung (Count Harrach family collection), one of the largest private picture collections in Austria. The Harrachs brought many magnificent paintings to Rohrau from Naples, Madrid, Rome, Paris and the Netherlands. In April 2006, thieves broke in and stole 16 paintings by Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Rubens and Peter Snayers.
The castle and its collection now belong by inheritance to the counts of Waldburg-Zeil. There are guided tours of the castle on Saturdays and Sundays, for groups at any time by prior arrangement.
# Bob Boyle (footballer)

Robert John McLean Boyle (7 December 1876 – 10 September 1927) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Boyle, a half back flanker in North Melbourne's 1903 VFA premiership team, was used as a centreman during his time at Carlton. It was in that position that he appeared in their 1904 Grand Final loss and after losing his place in the side just one match into the 1906 season, thus missing out on that year's premiership, Boyle retired and took up umpiring.
He officiated in 59 VFL matches as a field umpire and 15 matches as a boundary umpire from 1907 to 1917. He was appointed to the 1916 VFL Grand Final on the boundary but chose to field umpire the final of the Ariah Park Association. He was replaced on the boundary by Bill Roy. Boyle was one of the umpires at the 1908 Melbourne Carnival.
# Domingo Amestoy

Domingo Amestoy —born Dominique— (c. 1822–1892) was a Basque sheepherder, and banker, one of the original founders to provide the financing for the Farmers and Merchants Bank in Los Angeles, California, in 1871.

## Life

Born in the Basque village of Saint-Pierre-d'Irube, France, Domingo Amestoy came to California by way of Argentina in 1851. Amestoy started a modest sheep business and within a few years he parlayed it into a fortune. He was one of the largest wool producers in Southern California during the 1860s. In 1871, he bought $500,000 worth of shares in the newly established Farmers and Merchants Bank in Los Angeles. In 1874 he went back to France and married. In 1875 Amestoy moved his family to 650 acres (2.6 km$^2$) of the "Rosecrans Rancho" in what is now Gardena. By 1880, he had over 30,000 head of sheep, most of which were fine-wooled Spanish merinos.
In 1889 he acquired all 4,500 acres (18 km$^2$) of Rancho Los Encinos in the San Fernando Valley. After Domingo Amestoy died on January 11, 1892, his sons, John and Peter Amestoy, assumed ranch operations and changed the name to Amestoy ranch. Like other ranches in the San Fernando Valley at the time, the Amestoys cultivated wheat and barley. The Amestoy family held title to rancho for fifty-five years. In 1915, subdivision of the rancho began later developing into the communities of Sherman Oaks and Encino. The Amestoys held on to 100 acres (0.40 km$^2$), which included the old adobe until selling the property in 1944.

## Legacy

Amestoy Elementary School in Gardena, California was named in his honor. Amestoy Avenue in the San Fernando Valley was named in his honor. Amestoy Avenue runs approximately 7 miles (11 km) North-South through the neighborhoods of Encino, Reseda, Northridge, and Granada Hills from Ventura Boulevard (interrupted) to the 118 Freeway.
# Sarıyayla

Sarıyayla can refer to:
* Sarıyayla, Akçakoca
* Sarıyayla, Sason
# Spectator ligand

In coordination chemistry, a spectator ligand is a ligand that does not participate in chemical reactions of the complex. Instead, spectator ligands (vs "actor ligands") occupy coordination sites. Spectator ligands tend to be of polydentate, such that the M-spectator ensemble is inert kinetically. Although they do not participate in reactions of the metal, spectator ligands influence the reactivity of the metal center to which they are bound. These ligands are sometimes referred to as ancillary ligands.
Several different classes of ligand exist that can be considered spectator ligands. A few examples include trispyrazolylborates (Tp), cyclopentadienyl ligands (Cp), and many chelating diphosphines such as 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane ligands (dppe). Varying the substituents on the spectator ligands greatly influences the solubility, stability, electronic, and steric properties of the metal complex. In the area of platinum-based antineoplastic agents, spectator (and nonspectator) ligands greatly affect efficacy.
# Escot

Escot may refer to:
* Escot, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France
* Escot, Talaton, England

## People with the surname

* Hagre l'Escot (fl. 1360s), Scottish mercenary captain
* Pozzi Escot (born 1933), Peruvian musician
# Dog on a Leash

"Dog on a Leash" is a song from the American hard rock band Adelitas Way, released on April 8, 2014. It is the first single from their third studio album, Stuck and reached No. 7 on the U.S. Active Rock chart.

## Song meaning

Rick DeJesus explains the track is about "feeling like you need to ask permission to do what you want, like you're under the mercy of someone else, whether it's your boss or an overbearing girlfriend or boyfriend or whoever."

## Release

A teaser trailer was released on March 18, 2014. An audio video of song was released on April 9, 2014. The music video was released on April 29, 2014.

## Music video

The video (Directed by Agata Alexander) features Adelitas Way performing in a remote deserted area near a lake, when a mysterious woman appears from the depths. Frontman Rick DeJesus and the band perform the track with unbridled energy until DeJesus himself is ensnared by her beauty as she literally yanks his chain.
# Schackenthal

Schackenthal is a village and a former municipality in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2009, it is part of the town Aschersleben.
* This Salzlandkreis location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Dorcadion cervae

Dorcadion cervae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Janos Frivaldszky in 1892. It is known from Hungary and Slovakia, although it is considered to be extinct in the latter region. It reaches a length of 14 to 16 mm (0.55 to 0.63 in).