OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Kenneth Mallory

George Kenneth Mallory (February 14, 1900 – April 8, 1986) was an American pathologist chiefly remembered for describing the Mallory–Weiss tear.
He was born in Boston, Massachusetts on 14 February 1900, the son of Frank Burr Mallory. He received his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1926, and subsequently worked at the Mallory Institute of Pathology (founded by, and named after, his father) at Boston City Hospital throughout his career, becoming director in 1951. He lectured at both Harvard Medical School and Boston Medical School. He was appointed a professor at Boston Medical School in 1948, and he became an emeritus professor in 1966. His primary interest was diseases of the liver and kidneys.
In 1929, Mallory and Soma Weiss, a physician at Harvard, reported on 15 cases of severe, painless hemorrhage caused by a tear in the mucosa of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction preceded by vomiting in alcoholic patients. They reported a further six cases in 1932. This syndrome has become known as Mallory–Weiss syndrome.
# 108th meridian

108th meridian may refer to:
* 108th meridian east, a line of longitude east of the Greenwich Meridian
* 108th meridian west, a line of longitude west of the Greenwich Meridian
| 108°class=notpageimage| 108th meridian west | 108°class=notpageimage| 108th meridian east |
# Sisters of St. Joseph (disambiguation)

The Sisters of St. Joseph is a Roman Catholic congregation of women, founded in 1650. It may also refer to:
* Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph, founded in La Flèche, France in 1636 by Jerome le Royer de la Dauversiere and Marie de la Ferre
* Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny, founded 1807 in Cluny, France
* The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace, founded in 1884 in Nottingham, England
* Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart, founded in 1866 in South Australia
* Sisters of Saint Joseph of Saint-Marc, founded in 1845 in Alsace, France
* Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis, founded in 1901 in Wisconsin, United States
* Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition, founded in 1832 in Gaillac, France
# U Sagittarii

U Sagittarii is a variable star in the southern constellation of Sagittarius, abbreviated U Sgr. It is a classical Cepheid variable that ranges in brightness from an apparent visual magnitude of 6.28 down to 7.15, with a pulsation period of 6.745226 days. At its brightest, this star is dimly visible to the naked eye. The distance to this star is approximately 2,080 light years based on parallax measurements, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 2 km/s.
The variability of this star was announced by J. Schmidt in 1866, who found a preliminary period of 6.74784 days. It was later determined to be a variable of the Cepheid type. In 1925, P. Doig assumed that the star is a member of the open cluster Messier 25 (M25), but actual evidence of its membership would not be available until 1932 when P. Hayford made radial velocity measurements of the cluster. Membership in this cluster is now reasonably established, and as such this Cepheid serves as one of the anchors for the cosmic distance scale since the distance to the cluster can be determined independently from the star. Indeed, new research indicates U Sgr's host cluster (M25) may constitute a ternary (triple) star cluster together with NGC 6716 and Collinder 394.
This is an evolved G-type supergiant star with a typical stellar classification of G1Ib. It appears to be making its third traversal of the instability strip with its period changing at the rate of +0.073±0.010 s·yr$^{−1}$. Elemental abundances are similar to those in the Sun. It has an estimated 6.6 times the mass of the Sun and 56 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating over 4,000 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,802 K.
# Scotts Mill, Tennessee

Scotts Mill is an unincorporated community in Maury County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

## History

Variant names were "Ettaton", "New York", and "Scott Mill". A post office called Ettaton was established in 1884, and remained in operation until 1901. The community's inland location away from railroads hindered its growth.
# Lewis and Clark State Park (North Dakota)

Lewis and Clark State Park is a public recreation area occupying 525 acres (212 ha) in Williams County, North Dakota, where Gamache Creek enters Lake Sakakawea, 18 miles (29 km) east of Williston. The state park offers fishing, boating, camping, and picnicking.

## History

The park is named for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, the leaders of the Corps of Discovery, which camped near here on April 17, 1805. The North Dakota state parks department added three park units on Lake Sakakawea after the state legislature authorized the leasing of land from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1971. Lake Sakakawea and Lewis and Clark state parks were established in 1973; Fort Stevenson State Park near Garrison was established in 1974.

## Activities and amenities

The park features a marina with slips for rental, a swimming beach, campground. cabins, and nine miles (14 km) of trails for hiking and mountain biking.
# St Mary and St Modwen Church, Burton-on-Trent

St Mary and St Modwen Church is a Roman Catholic parish church in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, England. It was built from 1878 to 1879, to designs by John Edgar Young in the Gothic Revival style. It is located on Guild Street in the town centre. It is a Grade II listed building.

## History
### Foundation

After the Reformation, a notable recusant in Burton was Thomas Paget, 3rd Baron Paget who died in 1590. Over the following two centuries a number of Catholics in Burton were fined. In 1794, St Francis de Sales Chapel was built in Yoxall and Catholics travelled there from Burton to celebrate Mass. In the 1830s, a mission was started in Burton from Yoxall by the priest Fr James Jeffries. Initially, the mission was in a malt house behind the Crown pub on the High Street. Later it was in a cottage behind the Old White Lion on the corner of Lichfield Street and Fleet Street. Fr Jeffries' successor, Fr Patrick O'Sullivan bought the current site of the church. On the site, a Gothic Revival building that combined a school and a chapel was built. In June 1852, the chapel was opened.

### Construction

With the increasing local Catholic population of Burton, a new larger church needed to be built. The priest, Fr C. McCabe commissioned a Mr Young of London to plan a new church. According to Historic England, he probably was John Edgar Young, the son of John Young. Archibald Matthias Dunn was consulted about building the church, but his design was rejected for being too expensive. Instead, J. Knight Morley, who previously worked with E. W. Pugin, was asked about the church and he modified Young's plans. On 16 May 1878, the foundation stone was laid by the Bishop of Birmingham William Bernard Ullathorne. Construction of the church was done by Messrs Lowe and Sons and was delayed by the late delivery of columns made of Connemara marble. On 27 August 1879, the church was opened in a ceremony where Cardinal Henry Manning, Archbishop of Westminster, preached. The church cost £4,000 and was partially funded by a Mr F. M. Spilsbury from Willington. The high altar was carved by John Roddis of Birmingham. In 1898, the altar in the Sacred Heart chapel was installed. In 1901, the altar in the Lady Chapel was added. Both altars were built by Richard Lockwood Boulton. In 1902, the chapel windows were installed. They were built by Franz Mayer of Munich. In 1910, the original school-chapel was replaced by a new school that later became the current parish centre.

## Parish

St Mary and St Modwen Church has its own parish. The church has three Sunday Masses at Mass 9:00am, 11:00am and 6:00pm.
# Microtrauma

Microtrauma is any of many possible small injuries to the body.
Microtrauma can include the microtearing of muscle fibres, the sheath around the muscle and the connective tissue. It can also include stress to the tendons, and to the bones (see Wolff's law). It is unknown whether or not the ligaments adapt like this. Microtrauma to the skin (compression, impact, abrasion) can also cause increases in a skin's thickness, as seen from the calluses formed from running barefoot or the hand calluses that result from rock climbing. This might be due to increased skin cell replication at sites under stress where cells rapidly slough off or undergo compression or abrasion.
Most microtrauma cause a low level of inflammation that cannot be seen or felt. These injuries can arise in muscle, ligament, vertebrae, and discs, either singly or in combination. Repetitive microtrauma which are not allowed time to heal can result in the development of more serious conditions.

## Negative effects

Back pain can develop gradually as a result of microtrauma brought about by repetitive activity over time. Because of the slow and progressive onset of this internal injury, the condition is often ignored until the symptoms become acute, often resulting in disabling injury. Acute back injuries can arise from stressful lifting techniques done without adequate recovery, especially when experimenting with more ballistic work, or work where the extensor spinae are stressed during spinal flexion when much of the load is commonly taken up by the slower to heal ligaments which may not adapt progressively to the stress. While the acute injury may seem to be caused by a single well-defined incident, it may have been preventable or lessened if not for the years of injury to the musculoskeletal support mechanism by repetitive microtrauma.

## Positive effects

After microtrauma from stress (such as lifting weights) to muscles, they can be rebuilt and overcompensate to reduce the likeliness of re-injury.
# Ellen Creathorne Clayton

Ellen Creathorne Clayton, Mrs Needham; 15 February 1834 – 19 July 1900), born Eleanor Creathorne Clayton, was an author and artist.

## Biography

Eleanor Creathorne Clayton was born in Dublin on 15 February 1834 but moved to London with her father in 1841. Her father, Benjamin Clayton III, was a wood engraver. Her grandfather, Benjamin Clayton II, and her great-grandfather Benjamin Clayton I, were also wood engravers. Her aunt, Caroline Millard, was wood engraver based in Dublin.
Clayton was contributing articles and illustrations from the age of fourteen to a number of papers including Sala's paper as well as two of her father's publications, Chat and Punchinello. Though she is best known for her dictionary of English women painters, Clayton also wrote a number of novels and histories. Clayton created cards and calendars as well.
In February 1879, Clayton married solicitor James Henry Needham but continued to publish under her maiden name. She died in a nursing home in London in 1900.
# Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis

The Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis (SSJ-TOSF) is a Roman Catholic Franciscan religious congregation for women. The Congregation was established in 1901. Their motherhouse was in Stevens Point, Wisconsin in the Diocese of La Crosse.

## History

The Congregation was founded on July 1, 1901, by 46 former members of the School Sisters of St. Francis who wished to see to the educational needs of the children of Polish immigrants. They began in under the name "Polish Sisters of St. Joseph". A 35-acre parcel of land, which contained a pine grove and small farmhouse, was purchased in 1901 from the Bulmanski Family by Rev. Luke Pescinski. The cornerstone of the motherhouse, St. Joseph's Convent Stevens Point, Wisconsin was laid the following year. In 1902, the building was opened as the St. Joseph Polish Academy.
By 1926 the sisters were serving in 49 schools in five states. Provinces were established in Wisconsin, Ohio, and Illinois. The sisters expanded their work to health care in 1938 with the opening of River Pines Sanitorium outside of Stevens Point. They subsequently operated hospitals and nursing facilities in Colorado, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, Ohio, and Wisconsin. In 1945 the name of the congregation was changed to the "Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis".
In 1949, the sisters purchased fifteen acres adjacent to their provincial convent, and founded Marymount Hospital in Garfield Heights, Ohio. "The Village at Marymount" is on the hospital campus. Marymount Place is an assisted living facility, while St. Joseph's Villa offers continuing care. Clare Hall provides palliative and hospice care.
In 1962 sisters were sent to Puerto Rico and Peru, in 1971 to Brazil, and in 1981 to South Africa. In 1967 the Rice Lake Franciscan Sisters merged with the SSJ-TOSF; 32 sisters joined the Chicago Province. In 1990 one centralized governance structure replaced the former three provinces. The Central Service Offices were located to St. Joseph Motherhouse in Stevens Point.

## Present Day

As of 2019, there were 196 sisters, more than half were over the age of eighty, and 28 still resided in Stevens Point. The sisters announced that they were relocating from Stevens Point to Marymount Place in Garfield Heights, Ohio. Sister Michelle Wronkowski said, "We are in the early stages of relocating the sisters who may need more assisted care.”
In 2021, the Congregation's mother house in Stevens Point was sold to General Capital Group to be developed into affordable senior and family apartment units, with part of the property being dedicated to the city as a public park.

## Ministry

The Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis sponsor Trinity High School (Garfield Heights, Ohio), Regina High School (Warren, Michigan), and the Bartlett Learning Center, Inc.: Bartlett, Illinois.
The Sisters continue their role as founder and sponsor of Marymount Hospital, and since 1995, a member of the Cleveland Clinic health system.
Sisters now work in housing, respite care, and care for the developmentally challenged.
# Ethemon basale

Ethemon basale is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hermann Burmeister in 1865.
# Sinisalo

Sinisalo is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anu Sinisalo, Finnish actress
* Ilkka Sinisalo (1958–2017), Finnish ice hockey forward
* Johanna Sinisalo (born 1958), Finnish science fiction and fantasy writer
* Jukka Sinisalo (born 1982), Finnish football player
* Taisto Sinisalo (1926–2002), Finnish politician
* Tatu Sinisalo (born 1992), Finnish actor
* Tomas Sinisalo (born 1986), American-born Finnish ice hockey forward, son of Ilkka
* Veikko Sinisalo (1926–2003), Finnish actor
* Viljami Sinisalo (born 2001), Finnish football player
* Väinö Sinisalo (1892–1951), Finnish politician
# St Mary and St Peter's Church, Barham

St Mary and St Peter's Church is an active Anglican parish church in the village of Barham near Ipswich. It contains a Henry Moore statue of Madonna and the Child originally held at St Peter, Claydon. It is in the deanery of Bosmere, part of the archdeaconry of Ipswich, and the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich.

## History

A church is recorded as being within the village of Barham in the Domesday Book. Architectural features in the tower of long-and-short work (or quoins), which is typical of Anglo-Saxon architecture, suggests the church dates from Saxon times. It was known as St Mary from at least 1538, when the parishioners included the inhabitants of Barham Green. In 1975, the parish extended to include the village of Claydon, and when St Peter's Church in Claydon was officially made redundant, St Mary was retitled as St Mary and St Peter.

## Monuments

The best-known monument in the church is that of the Henry Moore statue of Madonna and Child originally held at St Peter's Church, Claydon. Crafted as a war memorial in commemoration for those in the village who died in the Second World War it was moved to St Mary after the closure of St Peter.
Other monuments and brasswork have been part of the church but were removed or destroyed over the course of its history.
In the chancel of the church were monuments to Jon Southwell, grandfather to Thomas Bedingfield as well as a tomb used for the burial of an unnamed inhabitant of the local estate of Shrubland Hall.

## Current status

St Mary and St Peter's Church was listed at Grade I on 9 December 1955.
Communion services, using the Book of Common Worship are offered on every Sunday morning at 8am except on the fifth Sunday of a month.
On the first Sunday of each month a shorter communion service based on the Book of Common Worship is held at 10am, on the second and fourth Sundays a full communion service is held at 10am.
On the third Sunday of each month at 10am a community worship service is held. This service is aimed at a wider age range of the congregation including families with children, adults and those with little or no experience of the Church. The services are often run by community groups or local charitable organisations otherwise unaffiliated with the Church itself.
Where a 5th Sunday falls within a month a family communion service is held at one of the three parishes served by the same parish grouping. One in three of these is held at St Mary and St Peter; the others being held at St Mary's Church, Great Blakenham or St Peter's Church, Henley.

## Notable clergy

William Kirby 1782–1850 Entomologist
# Toggenburger Bank

Toggenburger Bank is one of the original predecessor banks to the Union Bank of Switzerland and ultimately UBS. Established in 1863, the bank merged with the Bank in Winterthur in 1912 to form the Union Bank of Switzerland.

## History

In 1863, the Toggenburger Bank was founded in Lichtensteig, Switzerland (canton of St. Gallen), with an initial share capital of 1.5 million CHF.
The Toggenburger Bank was a savings and mortgage bank for individual customers with a branch office network in Eastern Switzerland. In 1882, Toggenburger Bank opened a branch in St. Gallen in eastern Switzerland and began to shift its operations there through the end of the 19th century.
The Union Bank of Switzerland was formed in 1912 when the Bank in Winterthur merged with the Toggenburger Bank. The combined bank had total assets of 202 million CHF and a total shareholders' equity of 46 million CHF. This combination was part of a larger trend toward concentration in the banking sector in Switzerland at the time. Through the next few years, the bank would begin to shift its operations to Zurich from its historical headquarters in the cities of Winterthur and St. Gallen, Switzerland. In 1917, UBS completed construction of a new headquarters in Zurich on Bahnhofstrasse, considered to be the Wall Street of Switzerland.
The new bank used different names in its three core languages: German, French and English. In German, the bank was Schweizerische Bankgesellschaft and was known by the initials SBG. The original English name for the combined bank was the Swiss Banking Association, but it was later changed to Union Bank of Switzerland in 1921 to mirror the French form of the name: Union de Banques Suisses. The bank's logo, introduced in 1966, would later reflect both the German SBG and the English and French name UBS.
# St. Anne (hill)

St. Anne is a hill in Pińczów in western Poland. The Mannerist St. Anne's Chapel is located on this hill.
# George Hays (American football)

George Hays (August 29, 1924 – April 20, 2007) was a defensive end in the National Football League.

## Biography

Hays was born George William Hays in Glassport, Pennsylvania. Hays was inducted into the Mon Valley Sports Hall of Fame on December 16, 1977, at the Big Ten Banquet.

## Career

George Hays served in the US Army during World War II. He played football at the collegiate level at St. Bonaventure University. Then he spent three seasons (1950–1952) with the Pittsburgh Steelers, before playing his final season with the Green Bay Packers in 1953. He played as a defensive end for both teams.
After his NFL career, he worked as a school teacher for the Elizabeth Forward School District. He also taught at Glassport High School, Monessen City School District, and Braddock High School. All four districts are located in southwestern Pennsylvania. He was also a football coach for the University of Dayton.
# Elijah Howarth

Elijah Howarth FRAS (25 June 1853, Liverpool – 1 April 1938, Dronfield) was an English museum curator and astronomer.
Howarth was the son of a labourer. In 1871 he started work at the Liverpool Museum. His early exhibition work helped establish the Walker Art Gallery and allowed him to develop his skills as an art conservator.

## Curatorial and museological career

In 1876 he was appointed curator at newly opened Sheffield City Museum in Weston Park. He went on to set up the Weston Park Observatory in 1880 and two years later developed the Weston Park Weather Station. He also founded the Mappin Art Gallery and High Hazels Museum.
He was the founding member of the Museums Association, and served as their secretary from 1891-1909. He was also editor of their journal, Museums Journal, which he edited from 1901 to 1909.

## Astronomical activity

He was trained in astronomy by John Couch Adams who also sponsored his election as a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1881.

## Other activities

He was also an active freemason.

## Family life

Howarth married Ann Jane Fairclough (1854-1915) on 9 December 1875. Together they had six children:
* William Fairclough (1876-1953)
* Edith Nightingale (1879–1944)
* Thomas Herbert (1880-1954)
* Ellen Mabel (1882-1950)
* Annie Winifred (1884-1945)
* Millicent Mary (1893-1962)
After becoming a widower he married Maud Elizabeth Fresson (1875-1949) in 1915.
# Sir Thomas Hele, 1st Baronet

Sir Thomas Hele, 1st Baronet (c. 1595 to 7 November 1670) was a landowner from Devon and MP on various occasions from 1626 to 1670. A Royalist during the 1642 to 1646 First English Civil War, he raised a regiment of cavalry which served in the West Country and sat in the Oxford Parliament.
Heavily fined by the Committee for Compounding with Delinquents, he avoided participation in politics during the Interregnum and after the Stuart Restoration in May 1660 was elected to the Cavalier Parliament. He died at home in Holbeton on 7 November 1670.

## Personal details

Thomas Hele was the second surviving son of Thomas Hele (1568-1624) and Bridget Champernowne, 4th daughter of Sir Henry Champernowne (1538–1570) of Modbury in Devon. He became heir when his father disinherited his eldest son Samwell (1590-1661).
In 1629, he married Penelope Jackson (?-1630), who died in childbirth the next year, leaving him a son Thomas Hele (1630–1665). Elizabeth Elwes (?-1646)became his second wife in 1632 and they had nine children, only four of whom survived into adulthood; Samuel (1634-1672), Henry (1636-1677), Elizabeth (1638-1691) and Honor (1639-1710).

## Career

In 1626 Hele was elected Member of Parliament for Plympton Erle. He was created Baronet of Fleet in the County of Devon in the Baronetage of England on 28 May 1627. He was re-elected in 1628 and sat until Parliament was dissolved in 1629, ushering in the eleven years of Personal Rule.
Following the death of the previous incumbent, he was appointed Sheriff of Devon in January 1636, making him responsible for collecting Ship Money. He was elected for Plympton to the Short Parliament in April 1640, then the Long Parliament in November.
When the First English Civil War began in August 1642, Hele supported Charles I; he sat in the Oxford Parliament and was excluded from his Parliamentary seat in January 1644. He also raised a regiment of cavalry, taking part in the Siege of Plymouth and defence of Pendennis Castle. He was heavily fined by the Committee for Compounding with Delinquents in 1646 and largely avoided participation in Royalist conspiracies during the Interregnum. Following the Stuart Restoration, he was elected for Okehampton in the Cavalier Parliament and held the seat until his death in 1670.
Hele was buried in All Saints' Church, Holbeton, on 16 November 1670. His elaborate monument survives in the Fleet Chapel, at the east end of the north aisle of the church.