OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eliakim Littell

Eliakim Littell (2 January 1797 – 17 May 1870) was an American editor and publisher, the founder of a long-lived periodical named Littell's Living Age (1844-1941).

## Biography

Littell was born in Burlington, New Jersey. He moved to Philadelphia in 1819, and established a weekly literary paper entitled the National Recorder, whose name he changed in 1821 to the Saturday Magazine. In July 1822, he again changed it to a monthly called the Museum of Foreign Literature and Science, which was edited during the first year by Robert Walsh, and subsequently by himself and his brother Squier (born in Burlington, New Jersey, 9 December 1803; died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 4 July 1886). After conducting this with great success for nearly 22 years, he moved to Boston, Massachusetts.
In Boston in April 1844, he began Littell's Living Age, a weekly literary periodical, published from an office at the corner of Bromfield and Tremont Streets. In 1855 he began the publication in Boston of the Panorama of Life and Literature, a monthly. Littell was the author of the “Compromise Tariff” which was advocated by Henry Clay and carried through the U.S. Congress during the administration of President Jackson. He died in Brookline, Massachusetts.

## Family

His brother Squier Littell was a physician who eventually became surgeon to the Wills Ophthalmic Hospital of Philadelphia 1834–1864. His brother John Stockton Littell (born in Burlington, New Jersey, in 1806; died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 11 July 1875) was an author who published a sketch of the Life, Character, and Services of Henry Clay and other pieces. Eliakim Littell's grandfather of the same name was a captain in the American Revolution, and did good service in the defence of Springfield, New Jersey, 4 June 1780. The brothers' cousin William Littell (born in New Jersey about 1780; died in Frankfort, Kentucky, in 1825) was a lawyer, a member of the Kentucky bar, who for many years reported the decisions of the court of appeals of Kentucky. In addition to his legal publications, he wrote Festoons of Fancy in Essays, Humorous, Sentimental, and Political, in Prose and Verse.

## Works

* The Museum of Foreign Literature and Science. v.1 (1822).
* Eclectic museum of foreign literature, science and art. v.2 (1843).
* Living Age. v.60 (1859); v.99 (1868). Full run available online from Library of Congress, v.1-59, 61-227 (1844-1900)
# Montonen

Montonen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Claus Montonen (born 1946), Finnish theoretical physicist
* Jussi Montonen (1924–2015), Finnish diplomat
# Shield (surname)

Shield is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* George Shield (1876–1935), British Labour Party politician
* Hugh Shield (1831–1903), English academic, barrister and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 to 1885
* Ian Shield (1914–2005), English cricketer
* Jeff Shield (1953–2009), Australian professional rugby league player
* Joe Shield, former quarterback in the National Football League
* Leroy Shield (1893–1962), American film score and radio composer
* Little Shield (died 1879), chieftain of the Northern Cheyenne from 1865 to 1879
* Mark Shield (born 1973), former Australian Football referee
* Pretty Shield (1856–1944), medicine woman of the Crow Nation
* William Shield (1748–1829), English composer, violinist and violist
# Kutaisi State Scientific-Universal Library

Kutaisi State Scientific Universal Library is a library in Kutaisi, Georgia.
# Kel Adagh

The Kel Adagh (var. Kel Adrar, Kel Adghagh, less commonly Kel Ifoghas) are a Tuareg confederation of clans (or "Drum-Groups") living in the region of the Adrar des Iforas highlands in Mali. The name comes from Tamasheq "Kel" ("those from/of") and "Adagh" ("Mountains"). In the modern era, not all Tuareg in the Adrar des Iforas are Kel Adagh, while some Kel Adagh are spread through northern Niger and southern Algeria, with populations in the Aïr Mountains, Tassili n'Ajjer, and the Hoggar Mountains. Most Kel Adagh derive from Noble and Warrior castes and their tributaries.
Noble Kel Adagh in Ifoghas include:
* Kel Afella (North) : tributaries of the Amenokal of Adagh.
* Kel Taghlit
* Kel Essouk (Religious caste tributary group)
* Kel Ouzzeyn
* Ifergoumessen
* Iriyaken
Tributaries include around forty tribes, the more notable of which are :
* Taghat Mellet ("Those of the white horse")
* Idnan
* Ibatanaten

## 2012 Tuareg rebellion

In the months leading up to the 2012 Tuareg rebellion, the Islamist Iyad ag Ghaly reportedly attempted to take on the leadership of Kel Adagh, but was rejected. He responded by founding the Islamist group Ansar Dine.
In early 2012, the Tuareg fighters of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) took control of several towns in northern Mali. The gains triggered a coup in Mali by mutinying soldiers, allowing the MNLA to take the regional capitals of Kidal, Gao, and Timbuktu. TIME describes Kel Adagh as "the Tuareg group most closely aligned with the rebellion".
# Garnier (disambiguation)

Garnier is a division of the L'Oréal Group which sells hair care products.
Garnier may also refer to:

## Companies

* Garnier Liqueur de Paris et Enghien, a 19th and 20th century French liqueur manufacturer famous for its four-chamber bottles and vast menagerie of decorative, collectible figurine decanters.

## People

* Garnier de Nablus, Master of the Knights Hospitalier, commander under Richard I in the Third Crusade
* Garnier (writer), also known as Warner (fl. 1106), English writer of homilies, and a monk of Westminster
* Garnier (surname)
* Garnier family, a family of Huguenot origin

## Places

* Palais Garnier, or Paris Opéra, an opera house in Paris, France
# Dulcinea (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Classic Rock | |
Dulcinea is an album by Toad the Wet Sprocket released in 1994. It is their fourth studio album with Columbia Records and the follow-up to their popular album Fear, which was released in 1991. Two songs from Dulcinea charted on the Modern Rock and Mainstream Rock charts: "Fall Down" and "Something's Always Wrong". Dulcinea was RIAA Certified Gold on September 1, 1994, and Platinum on July 31, 1995.
The album's name is a reference to the love interest in Miguel de Cervantes' classic Spanish novel, Don Quixote. At least two songs on the album allude to themes found in the novel. "Crowing" is a song about a person who does not know how to hold on to a lover. "Windmills" is a metaphorical song about how people spend much of their lives chasing absurd or impossible pursuits (the allusion being to a specific scene in Don Quixote where the title character uselessly attacks a windmill). The album's artwork (illustrated by artist Jason Holley) also explores Cervantes' windmill metaphor, depicting the incongruence between the way things are and how people tend to perceive them.
Dulcinea also delves into some spiritual themes. "Fly from Heaven" is sung from the perspective of James, who is portrayed as Jesus's literal brother and is upset by Paul's manipulation of Jesus's word. "Begin" and "Reincarnation Song" each explore questions about death and the afterlife.
Glen Phillips has said that Dulcinea is probably his favorite Toad album because they started to know what they were doing but were not overthinking things yet.

## Track listing

Other tracks recorded during the album's 1993 sessions included "Crazy Life" (later released on the Empire Records soundtrack and remixed by Tom Lord-Alge for Coil) as well as an alternate take of "Reincarnation Song" and two tracks, "Hope" and "All Right" which would be released on In Light Syrup the following year.

## Personnel

* Dean Dinning – bass, keyboards, backing vocals
* Randy Guss – drums, percussion
* Todd Nichols – guitars, backing vocals
* Glen Phillips – lead vocals, guitars, keyboards

## Charts

| Chart (1994) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 145 |
| US Billboard 200 | 34 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Drupella rugosa

Drupella rugosa, common name : the rugose drupe, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

Drupella rugosa is a creamy white to orange, conical shell with a height between 20 mm and 35 mm. The sculpture shows five spiral rows of rounded brown nodules separated by twelve axial ribs with fine granules, giving the shell a knobby appearance. The columella is narrow and the anal sinus hardly shows. The elliptical aperture is narrowed by protruding plaits. The outer lip is with five or six teeth.

## Feeding patterns

Drupella rugosa is an obligate corallivore that grazes on the tissue of live corals, especially fast growing or structurally diverse corals such as Acropora and Montipora. Over-populations or outbreaks of the snail have been recorded in multiple regions since the 1980s, and generally occur on reefs impacted by human activities or following mass mortality events such as coral bleaching. D. Rugosa is known to contribute to secondary mortality following such events, and have also been linked to increased prevalence of coral diseases.

## Distribution and Reproduction

This species is distributed in the intertidal zone and shallow rocky areas in the Red Sea and in the Indian Ocean along Aldabra, Chagos, Madagascar, the Mascarene Basin, the Gulf of Thailand, and in the Western Pacific. Little is known about their reproductive cycle, however it was recently documented in the Gulf of Thailand that they use the skeletons of the corals they have recently consumed on which to lay their benthic eggs, particularly on corals of the Fungiidae Family.
# Theodore Hack

Theodore Hack (17 November 1840 – 27 December 1902) was a South Australian politician.
He was born at Echunga, South Australia a son of John Barton Hack and his wife Bridget Hack, née Watson, and was educated at the Adelaide Educational Institution.
Hack was by turns landing officer at Semaphore, harbormaster at Port Willunga, clerk with the Engineer-in-Chief's Department, railway storekeeper, timber merchant (with his sister-in-law Stella Ann Robin after the death of her husband Theophilus Robin), then valuer and architect. He was member of the Port Adelaide council (and for two years its mayor) and the first mayor of Semaphore, as well as a member of the House of Assembly, representing Gumeracha between 1890 and 1893.
Hack was a judge at the Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition in 1887, a member of the Central Roads' Board and the Fire Brigades' Board, a lay preacher for the Methodist Church and active with several Methodist organisations. He was president of the Local Teachers' Association, the governing body of Prince Alfred College, chairman and treasurer of the Prisoners' Aid Society and an active member of the Chamber of Manufacturers. He died of Bright's disease, from which he had suffered for some time.

## Family

Theodore Hack married Elvira Louisa Ansell (c. 1842 – 7 October 1890) on 17 November 1864. Their children included:
* Ernest Barton Hack (13 May 1867 – 27 March 1936) married Isabelle Maddison (c. 1870–1949) of Glenelg some time after 1890. He was a chess enthusiast and architect of Coolgardie, Western Australia, had pyrrhic victory in WA Supreme Court 1898, moved to Kew, Victoria.
* Harold Ansell Hack (2 July 1869 – 6 February 1937) married Maud May Southward in Coolgardie, Western Australia on 14 September 1900
* Emily Bee Hack (1871–1952) married James Fergusson Ballantyne in 1901, lived in Glenburnie, South Australia.
* (Theodore) Bernard Hack (26 February 1873 – ) moved to Tasmania
* Stella Ellie Hack (12 January 1875 – 1957) lived in Wayville, South Australia.
* Clement Alfred Hack (17 March 1877 – 8 June 1930) was a prominent patent attorney in Victoria.
* Wilfred Hack (1879–1879)
* Roy Darton Hack (7 February 1882 Adelaide – 1966 Armadale, Vic.)
They adopted Elsie Miriam Earl (1881–1976), who was known for some time as Elsie Miriam Earl Hack. She was a student at Knightsbridge School and a fine pianist and singer. She married John Arthur Ballantyne (1873–1942) on 7 August 1907, lived in Wayville, South Australia.
Hack married again, to Elizabeth Jane Almers, née Nancarrow (1858–1914) in Adelaide, in 1898.
# The Wrens (R&B band)

The Wrens were an American doo-wop vocal group from The Bronx, New York City. They are best known for their song "Come Back My Love" and "I'm Just the Kind of Guy".

## Career
### Founding

The Wrens began in the Morrisania section of the Bronx in 1950. Neighborhood friends Waldo Champen (tenor, usually referred to as "Champ Rollow"), Francis "Frenchie" Concepcion (tenor/baritone lead), Archangel "Archie" Oropeza (baritone), and Raoul McLeod (bass) sang together under this name for around two years. They slowly drifted apart.
Concepcion was determined to make the group last, and in 1952, he recruited two new members; tenor George Magnezid and bass James "Archie" Archer. They sang as a trio in the community center of P.S. 99 for a couple of months before deciding to expand to a quartet by adding tenor Bobby Mansfield. At the time, Mansfield was about fifteen years old and attending Morris High School in the Bronx. Oropeza was around the same age and Concepcion and Magnezid were already out of school.
In 1954, they heard about a contest that was being held by an arranger/pianist named Freddy Johnson at the old CBS building. The Wrens entered and won, and Johnson became their manager.

### Recording

Rama Records owner George Goldner arranged a session for the Wrens that took place on November 21, 1954. They recorded four songs that day: “Love’s Something That’s Made For Two” (led by Mansfield), “Beggin’ For Love” (fronted by Concepcion), “Come Back My Love”, and “Eleven Roses” (both by Mansfield). The piano player was Johnson, who provided the other session musicians. However, he and the Wrens parted company soon after the session, and from then on, Goldner used the Jimmy Wright Orchestra to back them. James "Archie" Archer left in 1955 and was replaced by Joseph "Rocky" Washington, who later recorded in another doo-wop group, The Performers. Further recordings, including six single releases on Rama, were unsuccessful and Mansfield left in 1956 to pursue a solo career.
In 1998, The Wrens were inducted into the United In Group Harmony Association's Hall of Fame.

### Deaths of members

James "Archie" Archer died On June 22, 1999.
George Magnezid died on December 9, 2003, In Westchester County, New York, Aged 69.
Bobby Mansfield died on September 15, 2013, in The Bronx, New York, aged 76.

## The Performers

The Performers were a four-man Canadian doo-wop group, formed by Joseph "Rocky" Washington of The Wrens and Perry Heyward of The Sparrows on the Jay Dee label, after the breakup of The Sparrows.
# Dumisani Ncube

Dumisani Lingamangali Ncube (born 1 July 1989) is a Zambian businessman, entrepreneur and motivational speaker.

## Early life

Ncube was born in a thatched village on a farm in central Zambia. He grew up herding goats and cattle. He started his entrepreneurial journey in grade nine in Zambia selling pamphlets to supplement his needs, then opened a kiosk selling food basics. In his teenage years, he traded in goats, then started importing blankets and clothes from Botswana and South Africa.
In 2006, he completed his secondary school education at Matero Boys Secondary School. In 2009, he enrolled at Kitwe's ZIBSIP college to pursue ZICA Level 1 and 2, graduating in 2012.
In 2010, aged 18, he survived an attack by robbers in Johannesburg, South Africa.

## Career

In 2012, with two colleagues, he started Gladtidings software Ltd, a provider of school management system software. This became the most widely-used school management system in Zambia, generating a turnover in excess of $200,000 within 10 months. Using proceeds from this business, Ncube then started transport and construction companies.
In 2013, he went to ZCAS to complete the ZICA professional qualification.
In 2015, Ncube launched DLN Technologies, producing identity cards for schools and other organisations, and dealing in PVC card printers, smart card printers and software and security technologies. Within months, the company was generating over $13,000 in monthly profits. In 2016, He received a performance award from Evolis in recognition of his business performance - the first Zambian and the youngest African CEO to receive the award.
Ncube has spoken at many different platforms in Africa on business and entrepreneurship. He has spoken in Malawi, Ghana, Zimbabwe, and at Lusaka's Heroes stadium. In 2019, he won his first entrepreneur of the year award. In 2021 he won the Most Influential Youth of the year award.
# Dumisani Mzamane

Dumisani Vuyisile Andrew Mzamane; 18 February 1932 – 4 October 1997 was a former head of the Baragwanath Hospital renal unit and the first black nephrologist in South Africa and a human rights activist.

## Early life

Dumisani was born on the 18th February 1932. In 1955 He graduated with a Bachelor of Science - Chemistry, Zoology from Rhodes University.

## Work

Dumisani was the first black nephrologist in South Africa and stood among the individuals who bravely voiced their concerns about the disparities in renal care for black patients. Despite his unwavering dedication to protest, he died before witnessing any meaningful advancements in renal facilities. The Dumisani Mzamane African Institute of Kidney Disease in Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital is a tribute to him.

## Medical ethics

In the late 1970s various activist health worker organisations were formed opposing apartheid policies. These included the Transvaal Medical Society which later became the Health Workers’ Association with Wits doctors Dr Dumisani Mzamane as its first President and Dr Yosuf Veriava its vice-president.
Mzamane was also a human rights activist, and was one of six doctors, who questioned the ethics of the medical establishment and the previous South African government after the death, in custody, of Steve Biko, the Black Consciousness leader, in September 1977. In 1985 two groups of doctors challenged in court the decision of the South African Medical and Dental Council not to launch a formal investigation into the conduct of the doctors who were negligent in their duties prior to the death in detention of Mr Steve Biko. They were Frances Ames from the University of Cape Town, Phillip Tobias and Trefor Jenkins; Yosuf Veriava, Tim Wilson and Dumisani Mzamane comprised the other group.
The latter were all joint Wits/TPA appointments.
# ThereforeGo Ministries

ThereforeGo Ministries (formerly known as Youth Unlimited, the American Federation of Reformed Young Men's Societies, the Young Calvinist League, and then the Young Calvinist Federation) is a Christian youth ministry for short-term mission trips in the United States and Canada that was formed in September 1919. The organization is a non-denominational ministry that has its roots in the Christian Reformed Church in North America, but partners with other Christian denominations. ThereforeGo is a member of the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability (ECFA) and Standards of Excellence in Short-Term Mission (SOE). It is one of two youth ministries under the Dynamic Youth Ministries umbrella organization, with the Calvinist Cadet Corps.
The non-profit is mainly known for its "SERVE" mission trips for teens, which are 5-7 day trips for middle school and high school age students, which are mostly made up of youth groups from various churches. The volunteers participate in a variety of community service projects in the host church's community. A small sample of these service projects includes that in 1998, the Ellensburg, Washington chapter of the organization spent three days removing graffiti from various parts of the city. In 2014, student teams did various service projects throughout Chicago, Illinois as part of The Chicago Project. In 2016, volunteers painted houses around Sioux City, Iowa.

## History

In August 1950, the organization, which was then called the Young Calvinist Federation (YCF), released a report calling for the institution of educational programs and legislative programmes in order to afford African Americans "rights and opportunities equal to those enjoyed by other members of society."
The American Federation of Reformed Young Women's Societies, which was founded in May 1932, merged into the YCF in December 1955. In August 1967, the YCF held an international convention in Edmonton, Alberta. From December 30, 1982, until January 2, 1983, the YCF co-sponsored a conference with members of local churches in Calgary. The name of the organization changed to Youth Unlimited (YU) in 1992 and to ThereforeGo Ministries in 2020.
# Dumbarton Concerts

Dumbarton Concerts is an American nonprofit organization which presents classical chamber and jazz music performances in Washington, D.C. Since then the late 1970s, Dumbarton Concerts has presented a variety of well-known artists, including Brooklyn Rider, the Salomé Chamber Orchestra, A Far Cry, Matt Haimovitz, Grace Kelly Quartet, Alban Gerhardt, Buck Hill, Nordic Voices, Sharon Isbin and Shirley Horn.
Dumbarton concerts also sponsors Inner City-Inner Child, an arts outreach program for children in the Washington, D.C., area. The program receives funding from the DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities.

## History

Dumbarton Concerts was founded by Connie Zimmer and Leah Johnson in 1978. The pair chose Dumbarton United Methodist Church in Georgetown. for its favorable acoustics and Civil War history. The organization began organizing and hosting a variety of musical events. There was no charge for admission the first year, but in the second they charged a small admission fee.
From 2006 to 2011, Domenik Maican was the organization's composer-in-residence; several of his works were performed as part of the concert series during this time. The organization has continued to present works which were specifically commissioned for the venue.
At the end of the 2012/2013 season, Zimmer stepped down after serving as the organization's executive director for 35 years.
# Duncan Grant (disambiguation)

Duncan Grant was a British painter and designer.
Duncan Grant may also refer to:
* Duncan Grant (rower) (born 1980), New Zealand rower
* Sir Duncan Grant, 13th Baronet, of the Grant baronets
# Duncan Alexander Ross

Duncan Alexander Ross (November 4, 1873 – 1954) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Glengarry in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1919 to 1923 as a United Farmers member.
He was born in Charlottenburg Township, Ontario, the son of Donald Ross, and was educated at the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph. Ross married first Jemima Dingwall and second Laura Clifford McGregor. He was a director for the Glengarry Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He served as a member of the Canadian Farm Loan Board (later Farm Credit Canada) from 1943 to 1948. He died in 1954 and was buried at North Branch Cemetery in Martintown, Ontario.