OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# FIL European Luge Championships 1953

The FIL European Luge Championships 1953 took place in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT - International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation in (in French)) under their "Section de Luge", a trend that would continue until the International Luge Federation (FIL) was formed in 1957. The Austrians repeated their feat at the 1951 European championships by sweeping all of the medals in all three events.

## Men's singles

| Medal | Athlete |
| Gold | Paul Aste (AUT) |
| Silver | Heinrich Isser (AUT) |
| Bronze | Albert Krauss (AUT) |

## Women's singles

| Medal | Athlete |
| Gold | Maria Isser (AUT) |
| Silver | Liesl Seewald (AUT) |
| Bronze | Rosa Lesser (AUT) |

## Men's doubles

| Medal | Athlete |
| Gold | Austria (Hans Krausner, Wilhelm Lache) |
| Silver | Austria (Paul Aste, Heinrich Isser) |
| Bronze | Austria (Erich Raffl, Stefan Schöpf) |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Austria (AUT) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
| Totals (1 entries) | Totals (1 entries) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
# 1759 in Ireland

Events from the year 1759 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Monarch: George II

## Events

* Restrictions on import of Irish cattle into England are removed.
* Henry Flood enters the Parliament of Ireland as a member for Kilkenny.
* Planned French Invasion of Britain: France considers offering the Kingdom of Ireland to a Stuart pretender.
* Formation of the Irish Catholic Committee, of Dublin merchants and professionals loyal to the British monarchy.
* 31 December – Arthur Guinness leases the St. James's Gate Brewery in Dublin.

## Arts and literature

* West front of Trinity College Dublin on College Green completed by architects Henry Keene and John Sanderson.

## Births

* 5 March – Thomas Bray, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cashel (died 1820).
* 9 September – Hercules Taylour, soldier and politician (died 1790).
* Adam Buck, miniaturist and portrait painter (died 1833 in London).
* James Craig, politician (died 1833).
* Charles Osborne, lawyer and politician (died 1817).
* Approximate date
** Sir James Galbraith, 1st Baronet, politician (died 1827).
** Robert Philson, soldier and politician in the United States (died 1831).

## Deaths

* 16 February – Bartholomew Mosse, surgeon, impresario, founded the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin (born 1712).
* Richard Pockrich, inventor of the Angelic organ (born c. 1690).
* Henry Singleton, judge (born 1682).
# 1871 Kiama colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Kiama on 12 January 1871 because of the resignation of Henry Parkes. Parkes had resigned in October 1870 due to financial difficulties following the failure of his importing venture, but had been re-elected at the subsequent by-election. Barely one month later Parkes was forced into bankruptcy and had to resign again.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 3 November 1870 | Parkes re-elected at the 1870 by-election. |
| 9 December 1870 | Parkes forced into bankruptcy and resigned. |
| 10 December 1870 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and close of electoral rolls. |
| 9 January 1871 | Nominations at Kiama |
| 12 January 1871 | Polling day |
| 31 January 1871 | Return of writ |

## Results

1871 Kiama by-election Thursday 12 January :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| John Stewart | John Stewart | unopposed | |
# 1880 college football season

The 1880 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton and Yale as having been selected national champions. On April 9, college football was first played in the state of Kentucky when Kentucky University defeated Centre 13⁠3/4⁠–0 at Stoll Field. It was one of the first in the South.

## Conference and program changes

| Team | Former conference | New conference |
| Kentucky University | Program established | Independent |
| Centre | Program established | Independent |
| Philadelphia Crescent AC | Program established | Independent |
# Johnny Roadhouse

John Roadhouse (13 January 1921 – 11 April 2009) was a British musician who specialised in saxophone.

## Biography

Roadhouse was born in Sheffield, but lived in Moss Side, Manchester from an early age. He taught himself how to play the saxophone. Originally an aircraft fitter with Metropolitan-Vickers at Trafford Park, he began to play with local dance groups during his spare evenings. He got his first big break when he became a member of the Teddy Foster Orchestra in 1948. He later went on to join the BBC Northern Variety Orchestra in 1953. In 1962 he helped establish the ABC Television Orchestra with musical director Bob Sharples and ABC's Supervisor of Light Entertainment Ronnie Taylor.
He opened up his music store, Johnny Roadhouse Music in 1955 on Oxford Road in the Chorlton-on-Medlock area of Manchester. His store became a cornerstone for Manchester music and was used by several famous musicians and groups including Paul McCartney, Oasis and The Smiths. In his retirement he passed the running of the store over to his son, John Roadhouse.
He was presented with a Lifetime Achievement award by the Lord Mayor of Manchester in 2005. He died on 11 April 2009.
# 1864 Maranoa colonial by-election

The 1864 Maranoa colonial by-election was a by-election held on 27 September 1864 in the electoral district of Maranoa for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

## History

On 28 July 1864, William Kennedy, the member for Maranoa, was unseated by the Elections and Qualifications Committee. William Miles won the resulting by-election on 27 September 1864.
# John Thomson (fraudster)

John Thomson was warehousekeeper to the Charitable Corporation, but participated in a fraudulent scheme that deprived it of the bulk of its assets.

## Background

John Thomson was a Scot, the son of another John Thomson.

## Charitable Corporation

The Charitable Corporation was a pawnbroking enterprise, making loans against goods at "lawful interest" (then 5%) and "reasonable charges" (amounting to another 5%). John Thomson was appointed the keeper of their main warehouse in Fenchurch Street, London on 15 November 1725, he was appointed warehouse keeper and Mr Clarke was appointed surveyor. Six months later, Clarke was instructed to report on the deficienicy in securities (goods pledged) there, but this was followed by Thomson procuring Clarke's removal from office. His key to the warehouse was then delivered to a menial servant of the company. This gave Thomson unrestricted access to the warehouse.

## The Partnerships of Five and of Four

Thomson joined with the banker and broker George Robinson, Sir Archibald Grant, William Burroughs, William Squire, of whom the last three were members of the Committee or Assistants of the Company. In October 1727, they began to buy shares in the Company. Later they also speculated in shares of the York Buildings Company, and in Scottish mines. Before this started Grant was in debt to Thomson and Grant and Burroughs were in debt to Robinson for losses on previous share speculation. All their joint speculation was financed with the Company's money, which had been borrowed against fictitious pledges. The speculation was successful for a time, as York Buildings Company shares more than doubled in price. At that point all the partners except Robinson could have redeemed their pledges and have been left solvent, but that did not happen. In 1730, the Corporation of London petitioned for the regulation of the Charitable Corporation, as lending at an unlawful interest rate. The partners (except Grant, who was in Scotland) made further share purchases.

## Collapse

In October 1731, Robinson and Thomson fled to France. On 25 October Jeremiah Wainwright, the accomptant of the Company placed an advertisement in the London Gazette offering £1000 reward for his apprehension. He was described as:
   Five foot seven inches high, from thirty-five to forty years old, a full oval face, large hazle eyes, with large dark bown eyebrows, inclined to be fat, thick legs, and goes with his kneees in, supposed to go away in a blue cloth coat with gold thread buttons.
Robinson returned in late November and appeared before the Company, but went overseas again because the Company would not supersede his bankruptcy. Thomson reached Rome, where he was secured by Senor Belloni and imprisoned in the "Castle of St Angelo". Sir Robert Sutton one of the Committee sought information from a correspondent in Paris, who sent on a letter from Belloni, offering terms for Thomson's return. By that time the fraud was under investigation by a Committee of the House of Commons. The letter was passed to the Committee, who were so offended by its terms that they ordered it to be burnt by the public hangman.
# Reading Tramways Company

Reading Tramways Company operated a horse-drawn tramway service in Reading in the English county of Berkshire between 1879 and 1901.
The company is one of the ancestors of the current Reading Buses, the town's municipally owned bus operator.

## History

The origins of Reading Transport can be traced back to 1878, when the privately owned Reading Tramways Company (part of the Imperial Tramways Company) was formed. They were initially authorised to construct and operate a horse tram route on an east–west alignment from Oxford Road through Broad Street in the town centre to Cemetery Junction. Significantly, this route formed the core of what became known as the main line of the tram and trolleybus network.
Construction started in January 1879, with the entire line being open by May. A fleet of six single decked cars were initially used, with 31 horses, providing a 20-minute frequency. The cars operated from a depot on the south side of the Oxford Road, immediately to the east of where Reading West railway station (opened 1906) was later built. By the 1890s the whole fleet had been replaced by double decked cars operating at a 10-minute frequency. The company made several proposals to extend the system, add routes and electrify the system. But none of these came to anything, and in 1899 the borough corporation decided to purchase the system.

## Closure

The purchase deal was completed on 31 October 1901, and the Reading Corporation Tramways came into being. The corporation set out about first extending, and then electrifying the system. The extensions were completed by December 1902, and the last horse cars ran in July of the following year.
# Raymond Hyatt

John Allison Raymond Hyatt (28 July 1893 – 29 March 1969) was an Australian politician.
Born in Blakeville to sawmiller Henry Hyatt and Elizabeth Dalton, he attended Blakeville State School and became a sawmiller and timber contractor. He served in the Australian Imperial Force's 14th Battalion in Egypt and France during World War I; on 22 December 1917 he married Elizabeth Stratton, with whom he had four children. Returning from the war in 1918 he became a postal worker, and became involved in the Postal Workers' Union. In 1943 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Warrenheip and Grenville, transferring to Hampden in 1945. He was defeated in 1947. Hyatt died at Ballarat in 1969.
# Raymond II

Raymond II may refer to:
* Raymond II (bishop of Palencia)
* Raymond II of Rouergue (r. 937–961)
* Raymond II of Turenne (r. c. 1143 – 1190)
* Raymond II, Count of Toulouse (r. 918–924)
* Raymond II, Count of Tripoli (r. 1137–1152)
# Ezra Thompson

Ezra Thompson (1850–1923) was the 12th and 14th mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah, US, who was elected three times and served two non-consecutive terms. He was mayor from 1900 to 1903 and 1906 to 1907.

## Early life

Thompson was born on July 17, 1850, in Salt Lake City in the Provisional State of Deseret, just months before Utah Territory was created. He made his fortune in a Park City mining venture with future United States Senator from Utah Thomas Kearns. He married Emily Pugsley on February 14, 1885, and they had four children.

## Political career
### First term

In 1899, he was elected mayor of Salt Lake City on the Republican Party ticket. He was re-elected in 1901 and served until 1903.
In January 1903, Thompson was a signatory of an official protest to the United States Senate of the Utah Legislature's election of Mormon Apostle Reed Smoot as a United States senator for Utah.

### Second term

In September 1904, Thompson was one of the founders of the anti-Mormon American Party. The party's principal goal was to eliminate the influence of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) over politics in Utah. In 1905, He was the new party's candidate for mayor, and he was elected; four other elected members of the city council were also members of the American Party. During this term, he was an outspoken critic of the LDS Church and accused church leaders of continuing to sanction the practice of plural marriage.
In 1907, Thompson's chief of police, George Sheets, was accused of bribery. Although formally cleared of charges, Sheets nevertheless resigned and Thompson followed five days later on August 2, 1907. His stated reason for resigning was ill health. He was replaced as mayor by American Party leader John S. Bransford, who was subsequently elected to a full term in the 1907 election.
Thompson died in Salt Lake City on April 8, 1923. One of the city's largest landowners, his estate was valued at over $2.5 million.
# Ursuline Sisters

Ursuline Sisters can refer to one of several religious institutes:
* Ursulines, founded in Italy in 1535
* Society of the Sisters of Saint Ursula of the Blessed Virgin, established 1605
* Congregation of the Ursulines of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus (Grey Ursulines), est. 1920 (1908)
# John Sutton (RAF officer)

Air Marshal Sir John Matthias Dobson Sutton, KCB (9 July 1932 – 21 November 2014) was a Royal Air Force officer who served as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Support Command from 1986 to 1989 and Lieutenant Governor of Jersey from 1990 to 1995.

## RAF career

Educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Alford, Sutton joined the Royal Air Force in 1950. He was appointed Officer Commanding No. 249 Squadron in 1964 and then became Assistant Secretary of the Chiefs of Staff Committee at the Ministry of Defence in 1966. He went on to be Officer Commanding No. 14 Squadron in 1970, Assistant Chief of Staff (Plans & Policy) at Headquarters Second Tactical Air Force in 1971 and Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (Policy) in 1977. He then became Deputy Commander of RAF Germany in 1980, Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Commitments) in 1982 and Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Overseas) in 1985. He became Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Support Command in 1986 and retired in 1989.

## Governorship and later life

In retirement, Sutton was made Lieutenant Governor of Jersey. He attended a reunion of Lieutenant Governors in 2008. He died on 21 November 2014.

## Family

In 1954 Sutton married Delia Eleanor Woodward; they had one son and one daughter. Following the dissolution of his first marriage he married Angela Faith Gray in 1969 and they had two sons. Sutton's elder son by his second marriage, Mark, became famous after parachuting into the 2012 Olympics opening ceremony, pretending to be James Bond escorting the Queen. Mark died in an accident just over a year later in August 2013, when his wingsuit clipped a ridge in Valais, Switzerland.
# Žurena

Žurena (Montenegrin and Serbian: Журена) is a village in the municipality of Bijelo Polje, Montenegro.

## Demographics

Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Serbs | 74 | 44.6% |
| Bosniaks | 21 | 12.7% |
| Montenegrins | 13 | 7.8% |
| other/undeclared | 58 | 34.9% |
| Total | 166 | 100% |
# FC Aldiyer Kurshab

FC Aldiyer Kurshab is a football club that plays in the Kyrgyzstan League, the top division in Kyrgyzstan.

## History

* 19??: Founded as FC Aldiyer Kurshab.

## Achievements

* Kyrgyzstan League: 0
** 9th place, Zone B: 1998
* Kyrgyzstan League Second Level: 1
** Winner: 2013
# Stand for Something or Die for Nothing

Stand for Something or Die for Nothing is the sixth and final album by the Street Dogs. It was released on June 22, 2018. The album marks the band's first full-length album in eight years and first for the Century Media label. The only album to feature Pete Sosa on drums, Matt Pruitt on lead guitar and Lenny Lashley on rhythm guitar. The album features a guest appearance by Boston hip hop artist and actor, Slaine, on the song "Angels Calling".
Singer Mike McColgan said of the album "The dumbing down of America is a reason to write songs in 2018. The theme is wake the fuck up and the working class needs to unite across all colors, creeds, nationalities, genders and realize that we are being pitted against each other by snake oil salesmen and autocrats. From freedom of speech (“Stand for Something or Die for Nothing") to living The American Dream ("Working Class Heroes") to getting back on track ("The Comeback Zone") – Stand for Something or Die for Nothing raises political awareness and injects optimism into those who have doubts about their future and the current administration

## Personnel

* Mike McColgan – vocals
* Johnny Rioux – bass
* Pete Sosa – drums
* Matt Pruitt – lead guitar
* Lenny Lashley – rhythm guitar

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 86 |
# KRI Nala

KRI Nala (363) is an Indonesian Navy ship named after Mpu Nala [id], a military commander of the Majapahit Empire. The ship is a missile-equipped corvette, the third ship of Fatahillah-class corvette.

## Design

Nala has a length of 84 m (276 ft), a beam of 11.10 m (36.4 ft), a draught of 3.3 m (11 ft) and displacement of 1,200 long tons (1,200 t) standard and 1,450 long tons (1,470 t) at full load. The ship has two shafts and powered with CODOG-type propulsion, which consisted of one Rolls-Royce Olympus TM-3B gas turbine with 21,000 kW (28,000 shp) and two MTU 16V956 TB81 diesel engines with 6,000 bhp (4,500 kW). The ship has a range of 4,250 nautical miles (7,870 km) while cruising at 16 knots (30 km/h) and top speed of 30 knots (56 km/h). Nala has a complement of 89 personnel, including 11 officers.
The ship are armed with one Bofors 120 mm Automatic Gun L/46, two Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70 and two Rheinmetall Mk 20 Rh-202 autocannons. For anti-submarine warfare, the ship is equipped with one Bofors 375 mm twin anti-submarine rocket launcher. For surface warfare, Nala was equipped with four Exocet MM 38 anti-ship missile launchers. Due to obsolescence, the ship never carried the missiles since early 2000s. Nala also has a flight deck and telescopic hangar astern and able to carry a single helicopter, unlike other ships in the class.
The ship's countermeasure systems consisted of two Vickers Mk 4 chaff launchers and T-Mk 6 torpedo decoy outfit. As built, the electronics and sensors consisted of HSA DA-05 air and surface surveillance radar, Decca AC 1229 surface warning radar, HSA WM-28 tracking radar, Van der Heem PHS 32 sonar and WCS WM20 fire-control system. As of 2009, some of them were replaced or upgraded, which were consisted of two Knebworth Corvus 8-tubed trainable chaff launchers, ECM MEL Susie-1 and Signaal LIROD fire-control system.

## Service history

Nala was laid down on 27 January 1978 at Wilton-Fijenoord, Schiedam, Netherlands. The ship was launched on 11 January 1979 and was commissioned on 4 August 1980.
The Nala was deployed to help look for the missing Adam Air Flight 574.
# Chambers v. Maroney

Chambers v. Maroney, 399 U.S. 42 (1970), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court applied the Carroll doctrine in a case with a significant factual difference—the search took place after the vehicle was moved to the stationhouse. The search was thus delayed and did not take place on the highway (or street) as in Carroll. After a gas station robbery, a vehicle fitting the description of the robbers' car was stopped. Inside were people wearing clothing matching the description of that worn by the robbers. They were arrested, and the car was taken to the police station where it was later searched.

## Opinion of the Court

The Court first held that the search could not be sustained as a search incident to arrest (SITA). It quoted at length from Carroll that a search of a movable vehicle is treated differently under the Fourth Amendment because the mobility of the vehicle alone can easily defeat the warrant requirement. If there is probable cause to believe the vehicle contains criminal evidence and there exist exigent circumstances where the vehicle can be removed from the jurisdiction, a warrantless search would be reasonable. It made no constitutional difference here that the search followed the seizure because the probable cause which developed on the street still existed at the station house (where the vehicle was impounded). For this purpose, it is significant to note that the automobile exception and the SITA doctrine are quite different.

## Aftermath

Companion cases, including Perini v. Colosimo, Crouse v. Wood, Hocker v. Heffley, and Kelley v. Arizona, were vacated in per curiam opinions and respectively remanded to the Sixth Circuit, Tenth Circuit, Ninth Circuit, and Arizona Supreme Court, "for further consideration in light of Chambers v. Maroney". In each case the per curiam opinion noted that Justice Harlan would have remanded "for the reasons stated in his separate opinion in Chambers".
# Tyspanodes creaghi

Tyspanodes creaghi is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1898. It is found on Borneo and in Papua New Guinea and Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan is about 20 mm. Adults are ochreous yellow, the forewings with pale blue streaks below the base of the costa and the cell. There is some fuscous in and below the cell, as well as fuscous streaks at the base and on the medial part of the inner margin. The veins on the outer area are streaked with black and the interspaces above vein 2 are semihyaline, with short black streaks towards the termen. The hindwings are semihyaline yellow with a fuscous tinge.
# Coccothrinax camagueyana

Coccothrinax camagueyana is a palm which is endemic to east central Cuba.
Henderson et al. (1995) considered C. camagueyana to be a synonym of Coccothrinax gundlachii.
# Cochylidichnium

Cochylidichnium is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Cochylidichnium amulanum Razowski, 1986
# Colby Lake (Chisago County, Minnesota)

Colby Lake is a lake in Chisago County, Minnesota, in the United States.
Colby Lake was named for an early settler.