OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# GCD test

In compiler theory, a greatest common divisor test (GCD test) is the test used in study of loop optimization and loop dependence analysis to test the dependency between loop statements.

## Description

A greatest common divisor (GCD) test is a test used in computer science compiler theory to study of loop optimization and loop dependence analysis to test the dependency between loop statements.

## Use

Whenever a sequential loop like for loop is made to be parallel so that it can be executed on more than one processor—as in case of grid computing or cluster computing—then certain dependencies (e.g., testing the flow (true) dependence of a statement) are checked to know whether the loop can be parallelized. According to this test, by comparing the indices of two arrays present in two or more statements, it can be calculated whether it is legal to parallelize the loop or not.

## Rationale
### Theorem

A linear Diophantine equation
has an integer solution x1, x2,..., xn iff GCD (a1,a2,.., an) divides c.
E.g.
GCD(2,-2) =2, 2 cannot divide 1. So, there is no integer solution for the equation above.

### Dependency analysis

It is difficult to analyze array references in compile time to determine data dependency (whether they point to same address or not). A simple and sufficient test for the absence of a dependence is the greatest common divisor (GCD) test. It is based on the observation that if a loop carried dependency exists between X[a*i + b] and X[c*i + d] (where X is the array; a, b, c and d are integers, and i is the loop variable), then GCD (c, a) must divide (d – b). The assumption is that the loop must be normalized – written so that the loop index/variable starts at 1 and gets incremented by 1 in every iteration. For example, in the following loop, a=2, b=3, c=2, d=0 and GCD(a,c)=2 and (d-b) is -3. Since 2 does not divide -3, no dependence is possible.

### Process

Loop code in general:
To decide if there is loop carried dependence (two array references access the same memory location and one of them is a write operation) between a[x*i+k] and a[y*i+m], one usually needs to solve the equation
Where 0<=i1, i2 <n and i1 != i2.
If GCD(x,y) divides (m-k), then there may exist some dependency in the loop statement s1 and s2. If GCD(x,y) does not divide (m-k) then both statements are independent and can be executed at parallel. Similarly this test is conducted for all statements present in a given loop.
A concrete example source code in C would appear as:
The GCD of (2,4) is 2 and dividend is 1. As 2 can not divide 1 properly (leaving remainder zero), there is no dependency between s1 and s2 and various other loop transformation methods can be applied.
# Kimberly Johnson

Kimberly Johnson (born 1971) is an American poet and Renaissance scholar.

## Life

Johnson was raised in Utah. She earned her MA in 1995 from the Johns Hopkins University Writing Seminars, her MFA in 1997 Iowa Writers' Workshop, and a PhD in 2003 from University of California, Berkeley.
She teaches courses in creative writing and Renaissance literature at Brigham Young University (BYU). Johnson's academic interests include lyric poetry, John Milton, and John Donne.
Her work has appeared in The New Yorker, Slate, The Iowa Review, 32 Poems, The Yale Review, and The Best American Poetry 2020, and her translations from Latin and Greek have been published in literary and academic journals. She has also published a scholarly examination of 17th-century poetry as well as a number of scholarly articles on seventeenth-century literature.
She has edited several collections of essays on Renaissance literature, and an online archive of John Donne's complete sermons.
She was married to poet Jay Hopler until his death in June 2022.

## Awards

In 2005, she was awarded a Creative Writing Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts to support the completion of her second collection, A Metaphorical God. In 2011, she received a Guggenheim Fellowship.
She has received two AML Awards for her books Leviathan with a Hook in 2002 and Fatal in 2022. She was a finalist in 2014 for Uncommon Prayer and Made Flesh.

## Books
### Poetry

* Leviathan with a Hook, Persea Books, 2002, ISBN 978-0-89255-282-5
* A Metaphorical God, Persea Books, 2008, ISBN 978-0-89255-342-6
* Uncommon Prayer, Persea Books, 2014, ISBN 978-0-89255-447-8
* Fatal, Persea Books, 2022, ISBN 978-0-89255-559-8

### Criticism

* Made Flesh: Sacrament and Poetics in Post-Reformation England, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-81224-588-2

### Translations

* Virgil, Georgics, Penguin Classics, 2009, ISBN 978-1-84614-240-6
* Hesiod, Theogony and Works and Days, Northwestern University Press, 2017. ISBN 978-0-8101-3487-4

### As editor

* Before the Door of God: An Anthology of Devotional Poetry, Yale University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-30017-520-2
* Divisions on a Ground: Essays on Renaissance Literature in Honor of Donald M. Friedman, George Herbert Journal Special Series and Monographs, 2008, ISBN 978-1888112177
# SOCS3

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3 or SOCS-3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS3 gene. This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling.
SOCS3 is a conserved gene, found in across the animal kingdom, including Drosophila, chickens, and crocodiles.

## Function

The expression of SOCS3 gene is induced by various cytokines, including IL6, IL10, and interferon (IFN)-gamma.
For signaling of IL-6, Epo, GCSF and Leptin, binding of SOCS3 to the respective cytokine receptor has been found to be crucial for the inhibitory function of SOCS3.
Overexpression of SOCS3 inhibits insulin signaling in adipose tissue and the liver, but not in muscle. But deletion of SOCS3 in the skeletal muscle of mice protects against obesity-related insulin resistance.
SOCS3 contributes to both leptin resistance and insulin resistance as a result of increased ceramide synthesis. For that reason, studies have shown that removal of the SOCS gene prevents against insulin resistance in obesity
Studies of the mouse counterpart of this gene suggested the roles of this gene in the negative regulation of fetal liver hematopoiesis, and placental development.
The SOCS3 protein can bind to JAK2 kinase, and inhibits the activity of JAK2 kinase.

## Interactions

SOCS3 has been shown to interact with:
* Erythropoietin receptor,
* Glycoprotein 130,
* Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor,
* Janus kinase 2,
* PTPN11, and
* RAS p21 protein activator 1.

## Regulation

There is some evidence that the expression of SOCS3 is regulated by the microRNA miR-203, miR-409-3p and miR-1896.
# SKY Magazine

SKY Magazine was a British magazine that was published between 1987 and 2001. It was an entertainment magazine dealing mainly in celebrities featured in film, television and music.
Originally produced by News International's magazine division as a fortnightly, the title struggled and was sold to EMAP, who relaunched it as a monthly.
The magazine was aimed at young people of both sexes, a fairly unusual stance by the mid-1990s. Cover stars were both male and female and were photographed and commented from a sexually interested viewpoint regardless of their sex. Famous, often nude or scantily clad, cover stars included Madonna (most frequently featured), Louise Nurding, Anna Friel, Kylie Minogue, Mark Wahlberg, Brad Pitt, Nick Kamen and Ewan McGregor. In the later years there also featured a number of 'Sex Issues', asking for responses from hetero and gay people of both sexes.
Another frequent feature for a number of years was the back page advice column from Karen Krizanovich, an American journalist who would generally belittle advice seekers, helping them to solve their own problems.
From the mid-1990s, cover stars were in the great majority female, and of a more scantily clad appearance than previously. In later years, the magazine was frequently found alongside lad mags like Loaded, FHM and Maxim on newsagents' shelves.
The magazine was closed in 2001 following a 35% year-on-year fall in circulation to just 65,000 per month, despite a revamp the previous year intended to stem a longer term circulation decline.
# SKY Latin America

SKY Latin America may refer to:
* Sky México, a subsidiary of Televisa and Vrio
* SKY Brasil, a subsidiary of Vrio
# Counting 5-4-3-2-1

"Counting 5-4-3-2-1" is a song by American post-hardcore band Thursday, the first single from their fourth album, A City by the Light Divided. "Counting 5-4-3-2-1" was released to radio on April 11, 2006.
The song was originally written during the Full Collapse-era, but was re-arranged in a new key and was deemed suitable to be recorded.
Keyboardist Andrew Everding commented on the song's meaning and corresponding music video: "[Counting 5-4-3-2-1] specifically comes from not being happy in the town that you grew up in and wanting to get out as quickly as possible. When we do videos, we send out a call and receive treatments and that one was one of the first ones that we got from Artificial Army. We were originally going to do two videos…a low-budget animated video and then we were going to do another video to connect it, but then we started seeing what the animation was about. We usually go back and forth with ideas. But for the most part, we trust the director. It was our first storyline video but there are some performance elements to it."

## Personnel

* Geoff Rickly - vocals
* Tom Keeley - lead guitar, vocals
* Steve Pedulla - rhythm guitar, vocals
* Tim Payne - bass guitar
* Tucker Rule - drums
* Andrew Everding - keyboards, synthesizers
# Diorus

Diorini is a tribe of beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae, containing the single genus Diorus and the single species Diorus biapiculatus.
# Salpingoeca

Salpingoeca is a genus of Choanoflagellates in the family Salpingoecidae.
# Samba Sow

Samba Sow may refer to:
* Samba Sow (footballer, born 1984), Senegalese footballer
* Samba Sow (footballer, born 1989), Malian footballer
* Samba O. Sow, World Health Organization director general of the Center for Vaccine Development in Mali (CVD-Mali)
# Kang Jung-ai

Kang Jung-ae (Korean: 강정애, born 5 May 1957) is a South Korean professor. She was born in Seoul in 1957. She majored in business administration at Sookmyung Women's University and received a Ph.D. in human resources economics from Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbon University.
She became a professor at her alma mater in 1988 and served as its president from 2016 to 2020.
Kang served as a member of the Presidential Committee on Regulatory Reform and the National Economic Advisory Council during the conservative Lee Myung Bak government.
With her inauguration, Kang became South Korea's second female minister of veterans affairs.
# Roskilde Royal Mansion

Roskilde Mansion (Danish: Det Gule Palæ i Roskilde), also known as Roskilde Palace and as the Yellow Mansion (Danish: Det Gule Palæ), is a former royal Baroque mansion in central Roskilde, Denmark. Located just east of Roskilde Cathedral, it now houses both an exhibition venue and the office and official residence of the Bishop of Roskilde.

## History

Roskilde Mansion replaced a bishop's palace which had stood at the site since the Middle Ages. Commissioned by King Christian VI, the new building was constructed to provide a residence for the royal family when they passed through the city or attended royal funerals and other ceremonies in Roskilde Cathedral. Lauritz de Thurah who had recently been engaged as royal master builder, was charged with its design in 1733 and the palace was completed in 1736.
During the English siege of Copenhagen in 1807, the mansion served as headquarters of General Sir Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington. Later in the century, it provided a venue for the so-called Assembly of the Estates (Danish: Stænderforsamlingerne for øerne), a key event leading up to the adoption of the Danish constitution in 1849.

## Architecture

Built in the Baroque style, in yellow-washed masonry and with red tile roofs, the four-winged complex consists of a two-storey main wing, two one-storey lateral wings and a curved gate wing opening to the Stændertorvet. The four wings are connected by curving galleries.
Facing the courtyard, the facade of the main wing has pilasters and a median risalit tipped by a triangular pediment decorated with the royal coat of arms.
Dating from the 13th century, the Gate of Absalon which connects the mansion to the apse of Roskilde Cathedral, is the only surviving part of the former bishop's palace.
* The median risalit of the Palace Wing
* Courtyard view of one of the lateral wings
* Lateral wing seen from the cathedral
* The Arch of Absalon

## Roskilde Mansion today

Since 1924, one of the wings has been home to the office and official residence of the Bishop of Roskilde. The rest of the complex houses Roskilde Art Association and the Palace Collections. At the end of 2021 the Museum of Contemporary Art, founded in 1991, moved out of the mansion to establish a museum without a permanent building. The mansion's gardens and courtyard are also used for exhibitions, concerts and other cultural events.
# Rosy-scales fairy-wrasse

The rosy-scales fairy-wrasse (Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis), also known as the red velvet fairy wrasse, is a species of wrasse native to the Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. It is found at mesophotic reefs at depths between 41 and 70 m (135–230 ft).
C. rubrisquamis can reach a standard length of 7.2 cm (2.8 in). It is considered data deficient by the IUCN, and is generally very poorly know, but it is possible that the similar C. wakanda (described as a new species from coastal East Africa in 2019) is a junior synonym of C. rubrisquamis. Conversely, C. rubrisquamis was formerly considered to occur in the Maldives and Sri Lanka, but in 2022 this population was described as a new species C. finifenmaa.
# Rottenbach

Rottenbach or Röttenbach may refer to:
* Rottenbach, Thuringia, a village and former municipality in Thuringia, Germany
* Rottenbach, Bavaria, a village in the municipality Lautertal, Bavaria, Germany
* Rottenbach, Austria, a municipality in Upper Austria
* Rottenbach (Ilm), a river in Thuringia, Germany, tributary of the Ilm
* Rottenbach (Rinne), a river in Thuringia, Germany, tributary of the Rinne
* Röttenbach, a municipality in the district of Erlangen-Höchstadt, Bavaria, Germany
* Röttenbach, Roth, a municipality in the district of Roth, Bavaria, Germany
# The Strangers in the House

Les Inconnus dans la maison (The Strangers in the House) is a novel by Belgian author Georges Simenon. It was first published in 1940 by Gallimard in Paris.
An English translation by Geoffrey Sainsbury was published in the UK in 1951; it was reissued by New York Review Books Classics in 2006 with an introduction by P.D. James. A second English translation, by Robert Baldick, was published by Penguin Books in 1967.

## Synopsis

After his wife left him and their young daughter in favor of another man, Hector Loursat gave up on almost everything in life. Throwing away his law career in favor of alcoholism and reading, Hector paid little attention to his daughter Nicole, unsure if he was even her true father. As such, he was largely unaware of her life until he heard someone fire a gun within the house. Upon investigating, Hector discovers a man dead in one of the bedrooms. Nicole, now a teenager, and her friends brought him home after hitting them with their car, only for one of the group to murder him. The authorities believe the killer to be Nicole's boyfriend, Emile, and quickly charge him.
To the surprise of some, Hector takes up Emile's defense, as he ultimately believes the young man to be innocent. Proving this requires Hector to team up with his daughter Nicole, who only somewhat tolerates him as a result of years of neglect.

## Adaptations

The Strangers in the House has received four film adaptations, the first of which was a 1942 French film directed by Henri Decoin. This adaptation featured Raimu as Hector Loursat and André Reybaz as Émile Manu. An adaptation and remake of the French film followed in 1967, starring James Mason and Bobby Darin as the fallen lawyer and the young man accused of murder. Geraldine Chaplin, the fourth child of actor Charlie Chaplin, starred as the daughter. The film underperformed at the box office, with the studio reporting a loss of $795,000. This film was itself later remade in 1997. A second French adaptation was made in 1992, L'Inconnu dans la maison, starring Jean-Paul Belmondo as Jacques Loursat.

## Reception

The novel has been described as "wonderfully claustrophobic". John Banville regards Strangers in the House as one of Simenon's finest novels and "the quintessential roman dur: direct, spare, sensuously atmospheric, hypnotic in its realism, and honest in a way that few novelists would dare to be."
# The Swingin' Best of Asleep at the Wheel

The Swingin' Best of Asleep at the Wheel is a compilation album by American country band Asleep at the Wheel. Released on October 27, 1992, by Epic Records, it contains select tracks from the group's three albums on Epic: 1974's Asleep at the Wheel, 1987's 10 and 1988's Western Standard Time.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Personnel

* Hollis Flatt – mastering
* M.C. Rather – mastering
* Bill Johnson – art direction
* Jennifer Gibbs – design
* Rollow Welch – design
* Antonin Kratochvil – photography
# Ross Eccles

Ross Eccles (born 13 November 1937) is a contemporary English artist and painter. He has been based in Dublin, Ireland since 1971, and exhibits there regularly. He has also exhibited his work in the UK, France and the US.

## Life and work

Ross Eccles was born in Blackburn, England in 1937 . He was educated at Clitheroe Royal Grammar School and later studied Architecture at the Birmingham School of Architecture. He practiced as an architect for 30 years, first in England and then in Canada, before settling in Ireland where he ran his own practice up until 1992. In 1992 he retired from Architecture in order to devote himself to art on a full-time basis.
Ross’s often twisted, abstract style of painting is a reaction to the rigidity and structure that he faced as an architect. His architectural background has undoubtedly influenced his artworks and his subjects frequently include familiar architectural landmarks, although these are painted in an entirely new light that reflects the artist’s own vision, with bold colours and broken lines. His paintings are created to provide a fresh perspective on otherwise mundane subjects and to free the viewer from the confinements and limitations of everyday existence.
Ross often gives demonstrations to school students in the hope that he can get them to see the world around them in a new way and change their mindset in regards to life and art. He believes that conventional teaching “moulds people into similar patterns and suppresses natural individuality”.
His early work and style was influenced by his architectural training and was in the form of architectural sketches and watercolours. In recent years Ross’s style has become looser and his brushstrokes more obvious and less defined as he works more and more with acrylic paint. There is a lot of movement within his works and an emphasis on the importance of colour and light over line. Rather than recreating the subject precisely he wants to re-create the sense of what the eye captures when it looks at the subject and merge that with an element of fantasy to create a fresh vision of an everyday subject matter. His main influences include the Surrealists, the Cubists and the Impressionists .
# Matthias Doepke

Matthias Doepke is a German economist, currently Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics and Political Science and Gerald F. and Marjorie G. Fitzgerald Professor of Economic History at Northwestern University. His research focuses on economic growth, development, political economy and monetary economics.

## Education

Doepke received his Vordiplom from the University of Hagen in 1993 and his Diplom at the Humboldt University of Berlin in 1995. He went on to further study at the University of Chicago and graduated with a Ph.D. in economics in 2000.

## Career

The University of California, Los Angeles appointed him as an assistant professor in economics upon graduating from Chicago. He was promoted to associate professor in 2006, but left for an associate professorship at Northwestern University in 2008. He was promoted to full professor in 2012. He moved to LSE in 2022. He also works as a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and as a research fellow at the Center for Economic Policy Research and the IZA Institute of Labor Economics.
Doepke is an editor of the Review of Economic Dynamics and served as its editor-in-chief from 2013 to 2017. He also serves as an associate editor of the American Economic Review, the Journal of Economic Growth and the Journal of Demographic Economics.
The Econometric Society elected him fellow in 2020.

## Selected works

* de la Croix, David; Doepke, Matthias (2003). "Inequality and Growth: Why Differential Fertility Matters". American Economic Review. 93 (4): 1091–1113. doi:10.1257/000282803769206214.
* Doepke, Matthias (2004). "Accounting for Fertility Decline During the Transition to Growth". Journal of Economic Growth. 9 (3): 347–383. doi:10.1023/B:JOEG.0000038935.84627.e4. S2CID 15218969.
* Doepke, Matthias; Zilibotti, Fabrizio (2008). "Occupational Choice and the Spirit of Capitalism". Quarterly Journal of Economics. 123 (2): 747–793. doi:10.1162/qjec.2008.123.2.747. S2CID 2649231.
* Doepke, Matthias; Kindermann, Fabian (2019). "Bargaining over Babies: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications". American Economic Review. 109 (9): 3264–3306. doi:10.1257/aer.20160328. hdl:10419/141562. S2CID 203227825.
* Alon, Titan; Doepke, Matthias; Olmstead-Rumsey, Jane; Tertilt, Michèle (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Gender Equality (Report). NBER Working Papers. doi:10.3386/w26947. S2CID 216507119.
* Doepke, Matthias; Zilibotti, Fabrizio (2019). Love, Money, and Parenting: How Economics Explains the Way We Raise Our Kids. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691171517.
# Matthias Dießl

Matthias Dießl (born 6 December 1975) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He is the District Administrator for the rural district of Fürth since 2008.
# Mattithiah ben Solomon Delacrut

Mattithiah ben Solomon Delacrut was a Polish-Jewish scholar; he lived in the middle of the 16th century.
He settled early in Italy, and at one time seems to have attended the lectures on Cabala and philosophy at the University of Bologna, devoting himself to the interpretation of cabalistic and scientific works.
He was the author of the following:
* "Perush," a commentary on Joseph Gikatilla's cabalistic work, "Sha'are Orah," Cracow, 1600;
* a commentary on Solomon Abigdor's Hebrew translation of Sacrobosco's treatise on astronomy, Tractatus de Sphæra, or "Aspectus Circulorum," (Hebrew, "Mar'eh ha-Ofannim"), with an explanation of the difficult passages of the translation according to the reading of his masters of the University of Bologna, and the interpretation he had found in Christian works (Cracow, 1720)
* "Ẓel ha-'Olam" (The Image of the World), a translation of a treatise on cosmography written in French by Gossouin, under the title "Livre de Clergie," or "L'Image du Monde" (Amsterdam, 1733).