OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# CSUSB College of Extended Learning

The California State University, San Bernardino College of Extended and Global Education is one of the several colleges of the California State University, San Bernardino, located on the third floor of the Center for Global Innovation building on the main university campus in the University District of San Bernardino, California.

## Programs

The College of Extended and Global Education provides continuing education and international extension programs, including degree and certificate programs, an English Language program, customized training, and other professional development opportunities. The College also has an Open University program, which allows prospective students to take courses from the University's offerings on a space-available basis without going through the formal admission process. Lastly, the College is home to the Center for International Studies and Programs at California State University, San Bernardino.
# Saranan

Saranan is a town and tehsil of Pishin District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

## Demographics
### Population

The urban population of Saranan was 48,343 according to the 2023 Census of Pakistan. The population of Saranan tehsil was 65,157 (2023).
| Census | Population (Saranan urban) | Population (Saranan tehsil) |
| 1998 | | 28,867 |
| 2017 | 37,850 | 56,302 |
| 2023 | 46,512 | 65,157 |

### Languages

More than 93% of the population speak the Pashto language as their mother tongue. Another 7% are speaking the Brahui language.
# Saskatchewan Highway 308

Highway 308 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 8 until the Manitoba border, where it transitions into Provincial Road 571. The highway provides access to the town of Welwyn, Welwyn Centennial Regional Park, and intersects Highway 600. It is about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long.
# Sasha and Zamani

Sasha and Zamani are two aspects of time as expressed in some Eastern and Central African cultures. Sasa are spirits known by someone still alive while Zamani are spirits not known by anyone currently alive. Sasa are concerned with, and are expressed as, the present time, the recent past, and the near future while Zamani is the limitless past. Potential time is the third part of the space-time continuum in African thought. People must learn from the past to act wisely in the present to create a good future.

## Description

According to James Loewen in his book Lies My Teacher Told Me: The recently departed whose time overlapped with people still here are the Sasha, the living dead. They are not wholly dead, for they live on in the memories of the living ... when the last person knowing an ancestor dies, that ancestor leaves the Sasha for the Zamani, the dead. As generalized ancestors, the Zamani are not forgotten but revered. Loewen cites and paraphrases the explanation from African Religions and Philosophy by John Mbiti. Sasha and Zamani are not stages of death. They are the two ontological stages (or dimensions) of history in Swahili culture.
In Swahili, the two time dimensions are called sasa and zamani. Both have quality and quantity. People speak of them as big, small, little, short, long, etc. in relation to a particular event. Sasha refers to the events that have just taken place or are taking place now at the moment or are just about to take place in the near future. Sasha time can extend into the future for about six months or, at the most, one year. Zamani time overlaps Sasha time to some extent in the present, but it also goes back very far into the past time. It absorbs, holds, and stores all the events that have ever occurred. It is more significant than sasha because it stretches endlessly back into the past. It includes the time of myth when all the stories of creation took place and when the great and famous heroes of the past performed their exploits (Anderson 1986, Mbiti 1994).
   Zamani is not limited to what in English is called the past.… Zamani overlaps with Sasha and the two are not separable. Sasha feeds or disappears into Zamani. But before events become incorporated into the Zamani, they have to become realized or actualized within the Sasha dimension. When this has taken place, the events "move" backwards from the Sasha into the Zamani…. It is the final storehouse for all phenomena and events, the ocean of time in which everything becomes absorbed into a reality that is neither after nor before. John S. Mbiti, African Religions and Philosophy, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Heinemann, 1990), 22.
# Caldecott, Northamptonshire

Caldecott is a hamlet in the North Northamptonshire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) east of the centre of Rushden and 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) south of Raunds. Caldecott is in the civil parish of Chelveston cum Caldecott, less than 1⁄2 mile (800 m) south of Chelveston.
The villages name means 'Cold cottages'

## Parish Church

The Church of England parish church of St John the Baptist is in Caldecott Road between Caldecott and Chelveston. The earliest parts of the church are 13th-century, including the north tower. Part of the chancel is 14th-century. The south porch was built in 1635. The arcades were rebuilt and the north aisle added in 1849–50 to designs by the architect E. F. Law. The church is a Grade II* listed building.
The north tower has a ring of five bells, but currently they are unringable. Accordingly a new electronic bell sound system was installed in 2012.

## Church Bells

Henry Penn of Peterborough cast the second and tenor bells in 1727. Thomas I Eayre of Kettering cast the treble bell in 1744. Robert Taylor of Loughborough cast the third and fourth bells in 1819.
# Saturn I SA-4

Saturn-Apollo 4 (SA-4) was the fourth launch of a Saturn I launch vehicle and the last of the initial test phase of the first stage. It was part of the Apollo Program.

## Objectives

SA-4 was the last flight to test only the S-I first stage of the Saturn I rocket. As with the first three launches this would be a suborbital flight and would test the structural integrity of the rocket.
The major addition to this flight was that, in order to test the rocket's ability to deal with an engine failure during the flight, one of the engines would be programmed to shut down about 100 seconds after launch. If all went well the rocket would reroute the fuel for this engine to the other engines and have the rocket burn longer to compensate for the loss of acceleration. This was used successfully on the later Apollo 6 and Apollo 13 flights (both Saturn V rockets).
Also on this flight, the dummy second stage was outfitted with the aerodynamic design of the real second stage. This included vent ducts, fairings and dummy camera pods. The rocket also flew with antennae designed for the Block II version of the rocket.

## Flight

After the shortest checkout time of any rocket at 54 days, SA-4 went on to experience the longest series of holds of any mission at 120 minutes. The SA-4 launch would be the final single-stage flight.
The rocket operated perfectly through the first 100 seconds of the flight, when the No. 5 engine shut off as planned. The rocket then continued to operate properly, the propellant system rerouting the fuel to the other engines. The No. 5 engine did not disintegrate because of heat caused by the lack of cooling propellant as some had predicted. This was an important test proving an important feature of the clustered engine design.
The rocket reached a maximum height of 129 km and a peak velocity of 5906 km per hour. At this stage it also fired retrorockets that would be used on later missions to separate the rocket stages. On SA-4 the stages were not designed to separate but tested the retrorockets to make sure they would fire.
# Calendula meuselii

Calendula meuselii, (common name, Meusel marigold) is a species of annual flowering plant in the marigold genus Calendula, family Asteraceae. It is native to and widely distributed across Europe, the Mediterranean to the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula.

## Description

Calendula meuselii is an annual, bushy, non-succulent herb, standing between 50 cm and 1 metre high. Leaves are dark green, alternate, pointed, with glandular hairs. Flower heads are composed of multiple yellow petals and florets, borne singly at the ends of the stems.

## Habitat

The native range of this species is the eastern Mediterranean to North Africa, and it has been introduced across North and South America, Eastern Europe and Australia.
C. meuselii grows in readily in ashy, sandy soil and among gravel or in between paving. Concern has been expressed at the damage done by this plant to archaeological sites in Morocco, where it tends to grow between the cracks in paving stones and may cause damage to historic sites.
# Sarpourenx

Sarpourenx (French pronunciation:; Béarnese: Sarporens) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France, notable for once having forbidden death by mayoral decree.

## History

Never a large community, the population of Sarpourenx was reported as 25 households in 1385. The town was then part of the bailiwick of Larbaig.
French historian and archivist Paul Raymond (1833–1878) recorded the existence in Sarpourenx of an abbaye laïque (a small, independent parish operated for the profit of an influential local), administered by the viscounts of Béarn.
The name "Sarpourenx" is also historically attested in the variant forms "Sarporencx" (1385 Béarn census), "Sarporencxs", and "Sarporenxs" (from the 1538 and 1546 redistrictings of Béarn, respectively).

## Geography

Sarpourenx is located in the historic former province of Béarn, on the left bank of the river Gave de Pau. Its territory includes at least one small hamlet, Le Gave, and a tributary stream of the Gave de Pau, Géu Mort. Neighboring communes include Castétis (north), Argagnon (east), Biron (west), Castetner (west), Maslacq (south), and Orthez (southeast). Via road, Sarpourenx is accessible by Departmental Route 9, near exit 8 of Autoroute A64.

## Population

The demonym is Sarpourenois in French.

## Economy

Sarpourenx is part of the appellation zone for production of Ossau-Iraty, a sheep's milk cheese.

## Government

Mayors of Sarpourenx :
| Term | Name |
| 1971–2008 | Gérard Lalanne |
| 2008–2020 | Emmanuelle Lacroix-Chague |
| 2020–incumbent | Jean-Jacques Lascabes |
On 13 February 2008, then-mayor Gérard Lalanne issued a municipal order forbidding death within the commune's jurisdiction, threatening severe punishment for offenders. His action was a symbolic protest — Sarpourenx's small cemetery was becoming crowded, and a judge's decision had rejected the commune's request to expropriate private farmland for burial ground. Lalanne himself died ten months later.
# Sarpong

Sarpong is an Ashanti surname. It means supreme. The first part of the name SA is of Arabic root and means supreme. While the second part, 'Pong', is Akan and also means supreme. The first syllable 'SA' is also an Akan word meaning 'War'. 'Pɔn' means great or supreme. So Sarpong or Sapɔn means 'Great Warrior' or supreme warrior. On the other hand, the name also refers to a person born during a great war. Notable people with surname include:
* Nana Akuoko Sarpong, Ɔmanhene of Agogo, Asante Akyem.
* Michael Sarpong (born 1996), Ghanaian footballer
* Jeffrey Sarpong (born 1988), Ghanaian-Dutch professional footballer
* June Sarpong (born 1977), English television presenter
* Kweku Sarpong Plahar better known as Zigi (born 1988), Ghanaian singer
* Richmond Sarpong (born 1974), Ghanaian-American chemist
* Sam Sarpong (1979–2015), English-American actor and model
# Saurauia schultzeorum

Saurauia schultzeorum is a species of plant in the Actinidiaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Savon Sanomat

Savon Sanomat is a Finnish language morning broadsheet newspaper published in Kuopio, Finland. The paper has been in circulation since 1907.

## History and profile

Savon Sanomat was established in 1907 as a media outlet of the Agrarian League. It has a liberal political stance. The paper is based in Kuopio and is published on a daily basis. It is part of the Keskisuomalainen Oyj Group. The company also owns Keskisuomalainen. Both papers are published by Keskisuomalainen Oy.
Savon Sanomat is published in broadsheet format.

## Circulation

The circulation of Savon Sanomat was 50,631 copies. It sold 67,212 copies in 2001. In 2003 the paper had a circulation of 65,000 copies. The 2004 circulation of the paper was 66,250 copies. The same year the paper had a readership of 179,000. The circulation of the paper was 64,471 copies in 2006.
Savon Sanomat had a circulation of 64,789 copies in 2007. Its circulation was 65,056 copies in 2008 and 64,113 copies in 2009. It was 61,546 copies in 2010 and 61,666 copies in 2011. Its circulation fell to 59,289 copies in 2012 and to 52,235 copies in 2013. The paper sold 55,000 copies in 2019.
# Savenaca Siwatibau

Savenaca Siwatibau (1940 – 3 October 2003) was a Fijian academic leader and civil service administrator.
The son of Isaac Driver and Adi Asenaca Mairara, Siwatibau was born on 4 November 1940 in Tukavesi Village in Buca Bay, Cakaudrove Province, but grew up in Buca, the village of his mother, who was of chiefly rank. He was educated at Queen Victoria School and Suva Grammar School, graduating as the Dux in 1958. In 1963, he graduated from New Zealand's the University of Auckland with a Master's degree in Science, with a major in mathematics and physics. While at Auckland University, he had met his future wife, Suliana Kaloumaira, a native of Moturiki Island. They were married in 1966. They had three sons (Simione Ramacake, Ropate Rakula, and Atunaisa Taleasiga), and one daughter (Asenaca Tania Tuivanuavou). Two sons became IT engineers and one a lawyer. His daughter became a banker.
After working as a meteorologist in Nadi, Siwatibau was posted to the Meteorology Office in Wellington, New Zealand, where he decided to study economics at Victoria University. His study was interrupted by a transfer to the Economic Planning office in Suva, but he was able to continue his studies at Sussex University in the United Kingdom, graduating in 1968 with a Master of Arts degree in economics. When Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1970, Siwatibau was appointed the first native-born Director of Economic Planning.
In 1972, he became Permanent Secretary of Finance, and also joined the University of the South Pacific as a government representative on the institution's ruling body, the University Council. From 1978 to 1980, he served as an Alternate Director of the International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C., and on his return to Fiji, he was appointed Local General Manager of the Central Monetary Authority in 1981. In 1984 he became the first Governor of the Reserve Bank of Fiji. In 1988, he left Fiji for six months to pursue a fellowship at the Australian National University, and on his return, he was appointed Head of EPOC (the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Pacific Operations Centre in Vanuatu), a position he held until 2000.
While still at EPOC, he was appointed Pro-Chancellor of the University of the South Pacific in 1997, and was promoted to Vice-Chancellor in 2001. The appointment generated some controversy, with some university staff having supported Rajesh Chandra for the post.
In 2000, George Speight, who led a civilian insurrection against the elected government of Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry, proposed Siwatibau for the post of Prime Minister. Siwatibau was not a party to the plot and had no apparent sympathy with it, but Speight may have wanted a respected name to lend legitimacy to his rebel government.
Savenaca Siwatibau died of lung cancer at Christchurch Hospital in New Zealand on 3 October 2003. He was 62.
His family and friends remembered him as a committed Christian who had a strong sense of fairness and justice. Several times he was offered the CBE honour but declined saying that he wanted God's approval, not man's.
# Sazep

Sazep is a village in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Khawbung R.D. Block.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Sazep has 111 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 93.53%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 649 | 326 | 323 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 108 | 52 | 56 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 628 | 315 | 313 |
| Literates | 506 | 258 | 248 |
| Workers (all) | 234 | 157 | 77 |
| Main workers (total) | 234 | 157 | 77 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 204 | 134 | 70 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 30 | 23 | 7 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-workers | 415 | 169 | 246 |
# Calosima fallaciae

Calosima fallaciae is a moth in the family Blastobasidae which is endemic to Costa Rica.
# Callantsoog

Callantsoog (West Frisian: Kallantsouge) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Schagen, and lies about 18 km south of Den Helder. Callantsoog was a separate municipality until 1990, when it was merged with Zijpe.

## History

The village was first mentioned in the late 11th century as Callinge, and means "island of the people of Calle (person)". The oldest settlement had been known to exist in 920, but was lost in the sea in 1170. The second settlement was built on the island 't Oghe and lasted until 1570. Shortly after, the third and current settlement was built further east.
In the 1799 Battle of Callantsoog, the landing of 12 thousand British soldiers on the beaches north of the town launched the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland, and triggered the mutiny or surrender of a squadron of Dutch warships.
The Dutch Reformed church is a double aisled church built between 1580 and 1581 using material from the flooded earlier church. It has a bell dating from 1491.
Callantsoog was to 187 people in 1840. During the early 20th century, Callantsoog started to develop as a tourist resort. In 1942, it became part of the Atlantic Wall. In 1943, a munition depot exploded destroying the houses near the sea. It was an independent municipality until 1990 when it was merged into Zijpe. In 2013, it became part of the municipality of Schagen.
Callantsoog has the oldest official nude beach of the country, dating from 1973. It is a sandy beach 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the south.

## Gallery

* Library of Callantsoog
* Lighthouse
* Beach view
* View from the dunes
# Savoir Faire (barge)

Savoir Faire was built to carry freight on the waterways of the Netherlands, Belgium and France but has been converted to act as a hotel barge.

## History

Savoir Faire was built in Amsterdam in 1932. It originally carried cargo in the Netherlands and Belgium. During World War II, it served as a troop carrier. It was converted to a hotel barge in 1976 and now serves as a hotel barge. The barge cruises in France, the Netherlands, and Belgium, at present most frequently on the Canal de Briare and the Canal latéral à la Loire.
# Callie Leach French

Callie M. Leach French ("Aunt Callie" 1861–1935) was an American steamboat captain and pilot. For much of her career as a captain, she worked with her husband, towing showboats along the Ohio, Monogahela and Mississippi Rivers. She played the calliope, cooked, sewed, and wrote jokes for the showboat theater. She never had an accident in her career and was the first woman to hold a masters and pilot's license for a steamboat.

## Biography

French was born in Jackson County or Jefferson County, Ohio and lived in Cincinnati. French married Captain Augustus Byron French in 1878. Augustus Byron French owned a steamboat, named C.O., which traveled along the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, towing a theater. He taught Callie to pilot and suggested that she should pursue her pilot's license in New Orleans, where she earned a first class license in 1888. This made her the second woman to hold this license in the United States. It also helped save the couple money. In April 1890 she earned pilot's license for the Ohio and Monogahela Rivers. In 1892, she earned her master's license, making her the only woman to hold both. In addition in April 1893, she was admitted as the first woman member of the American Association of Masters and Pilots of Steam Vessels. When she brought her boat to land at the docks, she "attracted considerable attention among the river men," and she was acknowledged to be an excellent captain, according to the Louisville Post.
French's steamboat was called the Mary Stuart and it towed a houseboat named the Sensation which had a theater which could seat 600 people. The couple partnered with John McNair, who was an engineer, tuba player and actor. Shows such as melodramas typical of the day were performed in the theater and French wrote jokes for shows as well. The boat also had a calliope which could be heard from the river with French playing it to attract customers. She was known as "Aunt Callie" to her patrons. She cooked, sewed and acted as a nurse when necessary. She was also an expert swimmer.
Around 1902, she and her husband purchased land in Columbia, Alabama where they intended to retire. Augustus French never made it to retirement, dying in a hotel in Cincinnati and leaving French as the sole owner of the steamboats. John McNair and his wife Ida helped French with management of the crew and programming respectively. French continued to travel on the river until 1907, then sold out her share and retired to Alabama. She never had an accident or lost a boat.
French later married Chas H. Tomlinson in Alabama. She died in 1935 and was buried in the Columbia Cemetery. In 1991 French was inducted into the National Maritime Hall of Fame. French was inducted into the National Rivers Hall of Fame in 2001.
# Calliades

Calliades may refer to:
* Calliades, a comic poet mentioned by Athenaeus (xiii. p. 577) (perhaps a mistake for Callias (comic poet))
* Probable original Greek for the Biblical (Philistine) name Goliath
* Calliades, the name of two artists, a painter spoken of by Lucian (Dial. Meretr. 8, p. 300), and a statuary, who made a statue of the courtezan Naeaira
* Calliades (genus), a genus of skipper butterflies
# Calliotropis hataii

Calliotropis hataii is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

## Description

The length of the shell reaches 10 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species is found on the Mid-Pacific seamounts and off Wallis and Futuna.
# Calliandra glyphoxylon

Calliandra glyphoxylon is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.
# Camactulici

The Camactulici were a Gallic tribe dwelling around modern Toulon during the Iron Age.

## Name

The Camactulici are solely attested by Pliny as Camactulicorum in the 1st century AD.

## Geography

Pliny describes the territory of the Camactulici as located near Citharista (La Ciotat) and the Suelteri. They appear to have lived in the region of modern Toulon, their territory corresponding to the later pagus Tolonensis of the Early Middle Ages and the Diocese of Toulon.
According to history Guy Barruol, they were part of the Salluvian confederation.