OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Puffer train

In a cellular automaton, a puffer train, or simply puffer, is a finite pattern that moves itself across the "universe", leaving debris behind. Thus a pattern consisting of only a puffer will grow arbitrarily large over time. While both puffers and spaceships have periods and speeds, unlike puffers, spaceships do not leave debris behind.
The period of a puffer can be considered as the combination of two periods; the first is the period of the puffer itself, while the second is the apparent period of the pattern of debris produced. This is often the same as the period of the puffer, but sometimes is a factor of the period. A puffer for which the apparent period deduced from the debris is smaller than the period of the engine is a pseudoperiod puffer. Such puffers are typically produced by artificial means. A true period puffer is one in which the period of the debris matches that of the puffer.
Puffers are divided into two classes, dirty puffers and clean puffers. While there is no precise distinction, a dirty puffer is one in which there is little apparent order in the debris (although the debris will still eventually be periodic). A clean puffer, conversely, has a small amount of debris that appears much more organized. A dirty puffer can sometimes be turned into a clean puffer by adding spaceships of the same velocity as the puffer that affect what debris results.
A puffer whose debris consists entirely of spaceships is called a rake.

## In Conway's Game of Life

The first known puffer, in Conway's Game of Life, was discovered by Bill Gosper; it is a dirty puffer, but eventually stabilizes to leave a pattern of debris that repeats every 140 generations. Since then, many puffers have been discovered for this cellular automaton, with many different speeds and periods. Puffers are significant for Life and related rules for three reasons: First, if they can be stabilized in such a way that they produce only gliders (that is, turned into rakes) they can be used as part of many more complex patterns such as breeders. Second, stabilizations of puffers that eliminate all of their output debris can be used to produce spaceships with arbitrarily large periods. And third, puffers can sometimes be tamed or combined to form spaceships with speeds that do not seem to be achievable in other ways; for instance, in Life, the switch engine is a puffer train discovered by Charles Corderman that moves diagonally at speed c/12 (one cell every 12 generations on average), and in 1991 Dean Hickerson showed how to combine several switch engines to form a c/12 spaceship that he called the Cordership.
# Cinema and Death: on Image and Immortality

Cinema and Death: on Image and Immortality (سینما و مرگ: درباره نامیرایی و تصویر / Sīnimā va marg : darbārah-ʼi nāmīrāyī va taṣvīr) is a Persian book on philosophy of film, written by Milad Roshani Payan. in February 2020, the book won the highest award in the most prestigious book award in Iran, called Iran's Book of the Year Awards, in dramatic arts category.

## summary

The book is divided into six chapters, and in each chapter, the relationship between cinema and death is examined.
# Semantic analysis

Semantic analysis may refer to:

## Language

* Semantic analysis (linguistics)
** Semantic analysis (computational)
* Semantic analysis (machine learning)
* Semantic Analysis (book), 1960, by Paul Ziff, on aesthetics/philosophy of language

## Other ontologies

* Semantic analytics of organisations
* Semantic analysis (knowledge representation) of Web content

## Other uses

* Semantic analysis of audio
* Semantic analysis (computer science)
** Semantic analysis (compilers)
# Smeringomyces

Smeringomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Laboulbeniaceae. The genus contain 4 species.
# Ralph Hiscox

Ralph Hiscox CBE (1907–1970) was an Underwriter at Lloyd's of London, a founding partner of Roberts & Hiscox in 1946, and the chairman of Lloyd's of London 1967–68.
Hiscox served in the RAF from 1939 to 1945, during World War II. He was appointed the military OBE.
He was appointed a CBE for services to the insurance industry in 1969.
After Hiscox's sudden death in 1970, the other co-founder, Anthony Roberts, moved aside, and Hiscox's son Robert Hiscox took over. Robert remained the chairman of Hiscox for 43 years.
# Treaty of 2004

The Treaty Between the Slovak Republic and the Holy See on Catholic Education is a treaty between the Slovak Republic and the Holy See about Catholic upbringing and education.
This treaty, or concordat, secured full state funding for Church-controlled schools and Catholic religious education. It was signed between the Holy See and Slovakia on May 13, 2004, and came into effect on July 9, 2004.
# Loud Lucy

Loud Lucy was an American alternative rock band, part of the Chicago indie-rock scene of the early-to-mid-1990s.
Described by the Chicago-Tribune as "scrappy, unpretentious pop rock," Loud Lucy's single, Ticking, reached number 38 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Songs chart.
The band dissolved a few years after their debut album Breathe. The lead singer, Christian Lane, has had success as an actor and musician in TV and film.
# Spoelstra

Spoelstra is a surname, probably a topographic name meaning ‘from the pool’ (Frisian), from an agent noun based on Middle Low German pōl ‘(muddy) pool’, with excrescent initial -s. The suffix "-stra" is derived from old Germanic -sater, meaning sitter or dweller. Notable people with the surname include:
* Art Spoelstra (1932–2008), American basketball player
* Erik Spoelstra (born 1970), American basketball coach and former player
* Jon Spoelstra (born 1946), American basketball executive
* Mark Spoelstra (1940–2007), American singer-songwriter and folk and blues guitarist
* Watson Spoelstra (1910–1999), American sportswriter
# Semantic Web (journal)

Semantic Web - Interoperability, Usability, Applicability is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOS Press. It was established in 2010 and covers the foundations and applications of semantic web technologies, knowledge graph, and linked data. The journal uses an open peer-review process. The journal publishes its metadata online in the form of linked data and provides scientometrics such as the geographic distribution of authors, citation networks, trends in research topics over time, and so forth. The founding editors-in-chief are Pascal Hitzler (Kansas State University) (from 2010-2023) and Krzysztof Janowicz (University of California, Santa Barbara and University of Vienna) (2010-).
The journal follows an open and transparent review process, sharing all paper-related metadata, such as reviews and decisions online. It originally combined freely available author-versions of accepted papers with a subscription model and optional open access to published versions (green open access together with hybrid open access). In October 2019 the journal announced that it will go full (gold) open access and full open access was implemented 1 January 2020. Starting 29 April 2021, the journal implemented an Open Science Data policy that requires authors to publicly provide data and software relevant to their manuscript.
The journal is abstracted and indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 3.524.
# 1967 European Indoor Games – Men's high jump

The men's high jump event at the 1967 European Indoor Games was held on 11 March in Prague.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | 1.90 | 1.95 | 2.00 | 2.05 | 2.08 | 2.11 | 2.14 | 2.17 | Result |
| | Anatoliy Moroz | Soviet Union | – | – | o | o | o | o | xxo | xxx | 2.14 |
| | Henri Elliott | France | o | – | o | o | o | o | xxo | xxx | 2.14 |
| | Rudolf Baudis | Czechoslovakia | – | o | o | xo | o | o | xxx | | 2.11 |
| 4 | Rudolf Hübner | Czechoslovakia | – | o | o | o | xo | xo | xxx | | 2.11 |
| 5 | Gunther Spielvogel | West Germany | – | o | o | o | o | xxx | | | 2.08 |
| 6 | Edward Czernik | Poland | – | o | xo | o | o | xxx | | | 2.08 |
| 7 | Viktor Bolshov | Soviet Union | – | – | o | o | xo | xxx | | | 2.08 |
| 8 | Werner Pfeil | East Germany | – | o | o | o | xo | xxx | | | 2.08 |
| 9 | Kjell-Åke Nilsson | Sweden | – | xo | o | xxo | xxx | | | | 2.05 |
| 10 | Giacomo Crosa | Italy | o | o | o | xxx | | | | | 2.00 |
| 10 | Ljudovit Silađi | Yugoslavia | o | o | o | xxx | | | | | 2.00 |
# Richard Geaves

Richard Lyon Geaves (6 May 1854 – 21 March 1935) was a footballer who made one appearance for England in an international against Scotland, playing as England's outside left on 6 March 1875.
He was born in Mexico. He attended multiple schools, including Harrow School, and attended Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He played for Clapham Rovers and Old Harrovians, joined the 14th Prince of Wales Yorkshire Regiment and became their captain six years later before he left them in 1881. He was the first Mexico-born player to represent England.
# Estonian Reform Party Youth

The Estonian Reform Party Youth (ERPY) (Estonian: Reforminoored) is the youth wing of Estonian Reform Party.
Key issues for the ERPY have been economic liberalism, low taxes, human rights, e-democracy and Pro-Europeanism.

## History

On November 13, 1997, the first regional club of ERPY was founded in Tartu Town Hall. It was soon followed by the formation of clubs in Tallinn and Viljandi, which prompted the formation of ERPY as a national organisation in 2000.
In 2000 ERPY obtained LYMEC observer status.
In 2003, Rain Rosimannus became the first member of Riigikogu with a background in ERPY. In the same year, ERPY member Urmas Paet became the Minister of Culture.
In 2007, a total of 7 ERPY members (including alumni) became members of parliament.
From 2014 to 2016, Taavi Rõivas (ERPY leader 2001-2003) was the Prime Minister of Estonia.
Since 2023, ERPY Tallinn founder Kristen Michal is the Minister of Climate in Kaja Kallas's third cabinet.
As of 2024, the current members of Riigikogu with a background in ERPY include Erkki Keldo, Hanah Lahe, Kristo Enn Vaga, Õnne Pillak and Anti Haugas.
# Elvanpazarcık, Zonguldak

Elvanpazarcık is a town (belde) in the Zonguldak District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,789 (2022). It consists of 7 neighbourhoods: Cumhuriyet, Hayat, Elvan, Merkez, Tasmacı, Çalca and Celepcioğlu.
# John Gibson (editor and journalist)

Sir John Gibson (1841–1915) was a journalist in Wales, the United Kingdom, who spent most of his career at Aberystwyth as editor of the Cambrian News. His book, The Emancipation of Women, dealt particularly with Wales.

## Early life

Gibson was born in Lancaster on 14 February 1841, the son of a hatter named John Gibson. His mother, Dorothy Gradwell, had worked in a cotton mill before her marriage and appears to have returned to the mills after the death of her husband, also named John Gibson.
Around 1863, her son John Gibson joined the Oswestry Advertiser as a printer and began to write for the paper. For the next ten years he appears to have worked as a journalist in various places in Wales and the English border counties.

## Influence

In September 1873, Gibson became the manager and editor of the Cambrian News at Aberystwyth, which had been established in the wake of the 1868 general elections. Its early editions had focused on allegations of evictions made in Wales at the time of those elections. In 1880, a consortium assembled by Gibson purchased the Cambrian News, and for the next thirty years it became one of the most influential weekly papers in Wales.
This owed much to Gibson's personality and independent views. As a by-product of his newspaper, his book The Emancipation of Women appeared in 1891 and was reissued in 1894. Gibson remarked in its first chapter on how "the laws of this country still treat women as the inferiors of men – as mere slave stuff. It can never be said that the work of political and social reform is finished until women are not only politically enfranchised, but are able to take their seats in both Houses of Parliament, and to hold even the highest positions in governments, trades and professions." The feminist Lady Florence Dixie enclosed The Emancipation of Women in an open letter to Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone and other major political figures, passionately criticizing their male-supremacist assumptions and opposition to women's suffrage and commending Gibson as a "true man and real – not sham – Liberal". The letter was published in the suffragist newspaper The Woman's Herald in April 1892. Gibson was also a supporter of the atheist and secularist Charles Bradlaugh.

## Negative view

Thomas Jones, who was a student at University College Wales, Aberystwyth in the 1890s, described Gibson as "a stranger in an alien and narrow community, unhappy in his domestic life, lonely, and despite his large physical frame, highly sensitive. He made few friends and many enemies."

## Appreciation

Gibson was knighted in 1915, and died on 16 July in the same year.
# Purpuric agave dermatitis

Purpuric agave dermatitis is a skin condition caused by Agave americana, a large, thick, long-leaved, subtropical plant.$^{:830}$
# Jurisdictional fact

Jurisdictional fact are facts which must objectively exist before a statutory power can be exercised by a decision-maker. They are created by and operate in the context of government authority produced by statute and are linked to the legal concept of jurisdiction. A number of scholars have tried, with limited success, to categorise them.

## United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, the seminal definition is the English law case of Anisminic.
Some countriesm, like Singapore, India and Canada that have written constitutions, can be constrained in their definition of "jurisdictional facts" and due to the restraints in their constitutions.

## Australia

In Australia the High Court has been reticent to define jurisdictional facts finding that "The principles as to how one determines whether something is a jurisdictional fact are settled but necessarily imprecise. That must be so." and that "to define Jurisdictional fact is neither necessary nor desirable." Despite this, Australian courts have attempted to define jurisdictional fact, including:
* "A condition of jurisdiction".
* "A preliminary question on the answer to which … jurisdiction depends".
* An "event or requirement" constituting "an essential condition of the existence of jurisdiction". ...."a condition of jurisdiction", without which a tribunal can not act.
* But the leading definition in Australia is the "criterion, satisfaction of which enlivens the power of the decision-maker" found in Enfield.
These criteria of jurisdiction are created by and operate through statute, and may be subjective, or objective in nature and may also be a complex of interactions. but they must not be illogical, or capricious and must be actual.

## Singapore

In Singapore the concept is called "precedent fact errors".
# Fighting Mustang

Fighting Mustang is a 1948 American Western film directed by Oliver Drake and written by Rita Ross. The film stars Sunset Carson, Al Terry, Pat Starling, Felice Richmond, Polly McKay and William Val. The film was released on February 20, 1948, by Astor Pictures.

## Cast

* Sunset Carson as Sunset Carson
* Al Terry as Jed Thomas
* Pat Starling as Helen Bennett
* Felice Richmond as Aunt Therese
* Polly McKay as Rita Bennett
* William Val as Tim Bennett
* Forrest Matthews as Captain J. C. McCloud
* Lee Roberts as Attorney General Clark
* Bob Curtis as Kelly
* Joe Hiser as Shorty
* Stephen Keyes as Bart Dawson
* Tex Wilson as Ace
* Al Ferguson as Hank
* Hugh Hooker as Warren
* Don Gray as Tex
* Dale Harrison as Montana
# Älvsborg

Älvsborg or Elfsborg may refer to:

## Military
### Fortresses

* Old Älvsborg, a ruined mediaeval castle on the Göta River in Gothenburg, Sweden
* New Älvsborg, a sea fort on the island of Kyrkogårdsholmen in Gothenburg, Sweden
* Älvsborg Fortress, a 19th-century fortress at the mouth of the Göta River
* Fort Nya Elfsborg, a 17th-century colonial fort on the Delaware River in modern New Jersey

### Other military uses

* HSwMS Älvsborg, a minelayer of the Swedish Navy
* Älvsborg Regiment, a former infantry regiment based in Borås
* Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment, a former regiment of the Swedish Coastal Artillery
* Älvsborg Brigade, a former infantry brigade in Sweden's Western Military District

## Sports

* Älvsborgs FF, a football club in Gothenburg
* IF Elfsborg, a professional football club based in Borås
* SK Elfsborg, a swimming club in Borås; see List of Swedish Swimming Championships champions (women)

## Other uses

* Älvsborg, Gothenburg, a borough of Gothenburg, Sweden
* Älvsborg County, a former county in Sweden
* Älvsborg Line, a railway line in Sweden
# Trichepectasis rufescens

Trichepectasis rufescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Trichepectasis. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940.
# Car Trouble

Car Trouble may refer to:

## Books

* Car Trouble (Jeanne DuPrau novel), 2005

## Film and TV

* Car Trouble (film), 1986 film starring Julie Walters

### TV

* "Car Trouble", a 2003 episode of Teen Titans
* "Car Trouble", a 1998 episode of Malcolm & Eddie
* "Car Trouble", a 2003 episode of Kim Possible
* "Car Trouble", a 2019 episode of Big City Greens

## Music
### Songs

* "Car Trouble" by Adam and the Ants from the album Dirk Wears White Sox (1979)
* "Car Trouble" by Owl City from the album Coco Moon (2023)
* "Car Trouble" by J-Live from the EP Always Will Be (2003)
* "Car Trouble" by Ennio Morricone from the soundtrack to The Secret of the Sahara (1973)
* "Car Trouble" by Jerry Goldsmith from the soundtrack to Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003)
* "Car Trouble" by All Girl Summer Fun Band
* "Car Trouble" by Thomas Newman from the film Pay It Forward (2000)
* "Car Trouble" by HammerFall
* "Car Trouble" by The Jerky Boys from Best of the Jerky Boys (2002)
* "Car Trouble" by Alicia Myers from Alicia Again (1981)
# Ram air

Ram air refers to the principle of using the airflow created by a moving object to increase ambient pressure, known as ram pressure. Often, the purpose of a ram air system is to increase an engine's power.
The term "ram air" may also refer to:
* Parafoils, also called ram air parachutes, non-rigid airfoils inflated by wind
* Ram-air intake – an air intake system that aids in engine performance and cooling, commonly used on aircraft and other high-performance vehicles
** Pontiac "Ram Air" Engines -- a line of performance oriented engines developed in the 1960s and 1970s by General Motors' Pontiac Motor Division
* Ram air turbine – an air driven turbine used by aircraft to generate power
# Purpuricenus axillaris

Purpuricenus axillaris is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Haldeman in 1847.
# Clark County Shooting Complex

The Clark County Shooting Complex, located on the northern outskirts of the Las Vegas–North Las Vegas line in Nevada, is the largest shooting facility in the United States at 2,900 acres (1,200 ha). At full build out is anticipated that only 900 acres (360 ha) will be developed with the rest of the site serving as a buffer for the surrounding community. The park is located at the northern end of Decatur Boulevard at a traffic circle in unincorporated Clark County, just north of the City of Las Vegas boundary.

## History

Planning for the park started in 1984. The construction started in January 2008. The first phase on 148 acres (60 ha) is being built at a projected cost of $64 million. The park was dedicated on August 25, 2009, and had a soft opening on December 12, 2009, with limited hours and days of operation. The park fully opened in 2010.

## Facilities

* Rifle range
* Skeet shooting
* RV park
* Archery range
* Pistol range
Pistol rentals available. Onsite safety education course required before using range.
* Trap shooting
Shotgun rentals available.
* Sport clay shooting (opened Spring 2013)
Golf cart and shotgun rentals available.
# Sengari Dam

Sengari Dam is a dam in the Hyōgo Prefecture of Japan.
* This article about a dam or floodgate in Kansai region of Honshu, Japan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This Hyōgo Prefecture location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Smart Data Compression

Smart Data Compression is a compressed GIS dataset format developed by Esri. It stores all types of feature data and attribute information together as a core data structure. The SDC format was used in Esri products such as ArcGIS StreetMap, ArcIMS Route Server, RouteMAP IMS, ArcGIS Business Analyst, and the ArcMobile SDK.
The SDC file format is no longer supported by Esri software since ArcMap 10.2, although later versions of ArcMap can convert SDC data to a geodatabase. ArcGIS Pro does not support the SDC format at all.
Compression ratios range from 8x to 20x depending on the data source and structure. SDC data is optimized for rapid map display, accurate routing, and high-performance geocoding.
Smart Data Compression is a proprietary format. The FAQ for ESRI's RouteServer IMS notes that additional datasets for that application must be prepared by an ESRI subsidiary at additional cost. The SDC technology was developed by Software Technologies, ESRI partner in Russia. Tele Atlas and NAVTEQ provide North American commercial street datasets in SDC format. This data was prepared using the Data Development Kit Pro (DDK Pro), which ESRI licenses to select vendors.
The term Smart Data and idea was coined and created by Dr. James A Rodgers professor at Indiana University of Pennsylvania and James A George, Circa"Smart Data Enterprise Performance Optimization Strategy".
# Juoksija

Juoksija (Finnish: Runner) is a Finnish language sports magazine which focuses on endurance sports, fitness, healthy living and running. Founded in 1971, the magazine is one of the earliest publications in this category in Europe.

## History and profile

Juoksija was launched in 1971, and the first issue appeared on October that year. The founders are Finnish brothers Tapio and Heikki Pekola. The magazine is published ten times per year.
Tapio Pekola served as the editor-in-chief of Juoksija until 1998 who remained in the editorial board of the magazine until 2008. Another editor-in-chief was Ari Paunonen.
Juoksija sold 20,537 copies and had 72,000 readers in 2017.
# (I'm So) Afraid of Losing You Again

"(I'm So) Afraid of Losing You Again" is a song written by Dallas Frazier and A.L. "Doodle" Owens, and recorded by American country music artist Charley Pride. It was released in October 1969 as the first single from the album Just Plain Charley. The song was Pride's second number one on the country charts. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 15 weeks on the country charts.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1969) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 74 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |