OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stuttgarter Hymnus-Chorknaben

The Stuttgarter Hymnus-Chorknaben (Stuttgart hymn choir boys) is a German boys' choir founded in Stuttgart in 1900 by the Swabian entrepreneur Paul von Lechler [de] in 1900.

## History

Lechler's models were the Thomanerchor and the Dresdner Kreuzchor. After World War II, the choir was continued in 1946 by Gerhard Wilhelm [de], who conducted the group until 1987. The boys soon reached a high artistic level, which was also recognised abroad. Eckhard Weyand succeeded Wilhelm, leading the choir until 1992.
From 1992 until 2010 the choir was directed by Kirchenmusikdirektor Hanns-Friedrich Kunz, who retired in March 2010. The choir has been led by Rainer Johannes Homburg [de] since. Even though churches and concert halls in Baden-Württemberg are the centre of their public appearances, the choir was on successful concert tours through Germany and Europe.
The choir has a broad repertoire of sacred vocal music, especially music by Johann Sebastian Bach and other Baroque composers. The choir performs in church services.
About 170 boys and 30 young men come together to rehearse in Stuttgart once week, because the choir has no boarding school. The boys start to learn reading easy music and dealing with musical basics at an age of seven or eight years. Later, usually after three years, the boys are introduced to the literature of the concert choir and start to fully participate in concerts. After the voice has changed, the boys can sing as tenors or basses. Skilled voice teachers support the singers in individual voice lessons.
# Chernev (surname)

Chernev is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Irving Chernev (1900–1981), Russian-American chess author
* Lyubomir Chernev (born 1986), Bulgarian footballer
* Nedelcho Chernev [bg], Bulgarian film director
* Petar Chernev, mayor of Sofia, Bulgaria
* Pavel Chernev (1969–2016), Bulgarian politician
# Büyükmelen, Cumayeri

Büyükmelen is a village in the Cumayeri District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 85 (2022).
# Fairview, North Carolina

Fairview, North Carolina may refer to :
* Fairview, Buncombe County, North Carolina, a census-designated place in Buncombe County, North Carolina
* Fairview, Union County, North Carolina, an incorporated town in Union County, North Carolina
# Letzi

A Letzi (plural: Letzinen, also known in German as a Talsperre in the sense of a fortification, not a dam) or Letzimauer refers to defensive barriers whose purpose is to protect the entrance into a valley. The term is Swiss, and such stone barriers were particularly common in medieval Switzerland but were also built in Austria and Germany.

## Location

Letzis usually consisted of:
* hill castles on the valley sides or on heights either side of the valley
* defensive walls, often in combination with other bastions, running transversely across the valley in order to seal it completely. Because these parts of the position were typically unable to use the advantage of height, they had some of the character of lowland castles.
Because they had a combination of elements of hill and lowland castles, letzis did not fall neatly into either category.
The walls were often several kilometres long, for example in Rothenthurm SZ, and were often combined with ditches.
Such defensive valley barriers were still being built in the 19th century, for example the Forte della Chiusa and Buco di Vela.

## Purpose

Researchers have not been united in all respects about whether these fortifications actually served as protective lines of defence or whether, in most cases, they were just intended as border marcations and defence against cattle thieves.
What is certain is the Letzis were used to force merchants to adhere to specified routes (Straßenzwang) and thus to enable the collection of customs duties (Wegzoll) and money to pay for the maintenance of the roads.

## Examples with hill castles

* Castles of Bellinzona, Ticino
* Castelmur Castle, Grisons
* Ehrenberg Castle, Tyrol
* Fernstein Castle, Tyrol
* Fracstein Castle, Grisons
* Klamm Castle (Lower Austria) above Schottwien
* Mauterndorf Castle, Salzburg
* Schlossberg Castle (Seefeld in Tirol)
* Castle ruins in the Mühlbacher Klause, South Tyrol
* Hohenwerfen Fortress, Salzburg
* Fortini della Fame, Ticino
* Karlsfried, Saxony
* La Serra, Zernez, Grisons
* Letzi and ruins of Mülenen Castle, Berne
* Serravalle, Ticino
* Schloß-Nauses Castle, Hesse
* Castle and letzi of Castelmur
* The castle ruins in the Mühlbacher Klause, which guards the western Pustertal
* Letzi of Mülenen Castle
* Buco di Vela

## Free-standing examples

* Hadnmauer (a letzi near Rattendorf in the Gailtal valley, which presumably guarded Gurina)
* Landmauer Gamsen, Wallis
* Letzis of Arth and Oberarth, Schwyz
* Letzimauer in Näfels, Glarus
* Letzimauer in Rothenthurm, Schwyz
* Letzi Tower, Basel
* Letzi Tower in Morgarten, Schwyz
* Porta Claudia, Tyrol
* Türkenschanze, Carinthia
* Hardturm, Zürich
* Letzimauer at Näfels
* Letzimauer at Oberarth
* Letzi Tower in Morgarten
* Porta Claudia

## Name

The Swiss German word, Letzi, comes from the Middle High German "letze", i. e. a barrier, obstacle, defensive wall or border fortification. Even today many toponyms include the words Letzinen, Letzimauern or Letzitürme. Remains of such defensive fortifications may still be seen in many places today.
Examples of Letzi in place names:
* Letzigasse in Zofingen
* Letzigraben and Letzistrasse in Zürich
* Letzigrund Stadium in Zürich
# Emel Vardar

Emel Vardar is a Turkish sculptor and painter.

## Biography

Vardar studied in the Faculty of Painting and Sculpture at the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University and at the Sculpture Museums Society Studios. She painted many sea scenes and one of her paintings was taken by the Turkish Naval Forces headquarters. She held several personal exhibitions and participated in many art festivals and fairs in other countries including the United States, China, Monaco and the United Kingdom. More recently she has worked mainly on sculpture especially following her opening a sculpture gallery. In 1993, Vardar opened the Eylul Art Gallery. In 2004 she opened the Emel Vardar Art Gallery for exclusively sculpture exhibitions.

## Sculpture

Vardar's main sculpture style include female figures and busts. She uses various materials, including bronze, glass and steel, and techniques. In her female sculptures she wants to express the strength of the female while still representing a beautiful and naive female figure. She has said that she is after beauty in her sculptures. She wants to represent the inner beauty of a woman with different techniques alongside representing her outer beauty. She has described her sculptures as the solidification of her thoughts and feelings in the enchanting magic of glass and crystal. She has a crystal sculpture which is part of the permanent exhibit of the Museum of Contemporaneous Glass Artworks. Some of her other works are part of private collections.

## Recognitions

She won the Bronze sculptures Individual Disarmament and Peace award. Her sculptures have also been documented in art journals and Turkish newspapers.

## Exhibitions

Vardar has had many exhibitions. In 2017 she has had two exhibitions in the United States, an exhibition in France and two exhibitions in both Spain, Italy and also two in her native Turkey.
# San Polo dei Cavalieri

San Polo dei Cavalieri is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Lazio, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Rome.
San Polo dei Cavalieri borders the following municipalities: Guidonia Montecelio, Licenza, Marcellina, Monteflavio, Palombara Sabina, Roccagiovine, Tivoli, Vicovaro.
# Tony Wilkinson (businessman)

Anthony Harwick Wilkinson (born April 1937) is a British businessman, who was the co-owner and former chairman of the British high street chain Wilko.

## Early life

Anthony Harwick Wilkinson was born in April 1937, the son of Wilko founder James Kemsey Wilkinson and his wife Mary Cooper.

## Career

When Tony Wilkinson retired as chairman of Wilko after 45 years in June 2005, he was replaced by his niece, Karin Swann, and his daughter, Lisa Wilkinson. In 2014, Karin Swann sold her family's 50% holding in the business to Lisa Wilkinson.
In May 2019, the Sunday Times Rich List estimated his net worth at £252 million.
Following his retirement and Karin Swann's share sale, daughter Lisa Wilkinson oversaw the Wilko chain's eventual collapse, as it entered administration on 10 August 2023. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) was appointed administrator to the business the same day.
During the administration of the business, it transpired its ownership had taken £77m out of the business in the preceding decade.
# Schwarzach

Schwarzach may refer to:

## Places

* Schwarzach im Pongau, a market town in the St. Johann im Pongau District in the Austrian state of Salzburg
* Schwarzach, Vorarlberg, a municipality in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg
** Schwarzach in Vorarlberg railway station, a railway station in Schwarzach, Vorarlberg
* Schwarzach, Baden-Württemberg, a municipality in the district of Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
* Schwarzach am Main, a municipality in the district of Kitzingen in Bavaria in Germany
* Schwarzach, Lower Bavaria, a municipality in the district of Straubing-Bogen in Bavaria, Germany
* Schwarzach bei Nabburg, a municipality in the district of Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany

## Rivers

* Svratka (river) or Schwarzach in German, a river in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic
* Schwarzach (Schussen), a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, tributary of the Schussen
* Schwarzach (Danube), a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, tributary of the Danube
* Schwarzach (Altmühl), a river of Bavaria, Germany, left tributary of the Altmühl
* Schwarzach (Main), a river of Bavaria, Germany, tributary of the Main
* Schwarzach (Naab), a river of Bavaria, Germany, tributary of the Naab
* Schwarzach (Rednitz), a river of Bavaria, Germany, tributary of the Rednitz
# Richard Cooke (MP for Preston)

Richard Cooke (by 1530 – 3 October 1579) was an English politician.
He was the eldest surviving son of Sir Anthony Cooke of Gidea Hall, near Romford, Essex. He succeeded his father in 1576. He was a Groom of the Privy Chamber in 1551. He was elected the Member of Parliament for Stamford in March 1553, Tavistock in 1563 and Preston in 1559.
He married Anne, daughter of John Caulton, by whom he had one son, Anthony (MP for Lymington), and a daughter Philippe (mother of Lady Cornwallis). William Cooke (of Highnam) was a nephew.
# Stuttgarter FC

Stuttgarer FC is a German futsal club from Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg currently competing in the Futsal Bundesliga, the highest division of futsal in Germany.

## History

Stuttgarter FC was the inaugural champions of the Futsal Bundesliga in 2021. With the championship, the club qualified for the 2022–23 UEFA Futsal Champions League.

## International competition

    Scores and results list Stuttgart's goal tally first.
| Competition | Round | Country | Opponent | Home | Away | Aggregate |
| 2022–23 UEFA Futsal Champions League | Preliminary round | Turkey | Istanbul Şişli | N/A | 4–2 | N/A |
| 2022–23 UEFA Futsal Champions League | Preliminary round | Georgia | Georgians Tbilisi | N/A | 2–4 | N/A |
| 2022–23 UEFA Futsal Champions League | Preliminary round | Sweden | Örebro | N/A | 1–2 | N/A |
# Slim, Perak

Slim (Jawi: سليم) is a mukim in Muallim District, Perak, Malaysia. Variant names are Selim, Slim Village, Kampong Slim, and Slin. (Selim is the standard name preferred by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names).

## Geography

Slim spans over an area of 410 km$^2$ with a population of 21,900 people.

## Notable attractions

* Orang Asli village
* Sungai Bil waterfall
Villages surrounded Slim Village are Kampung Sungai Jurong, Kampung Sungai Gesa, Kg Masjid, Kg Lintah, Kg Sawa, Kg Piong, Kg Penderas, Kg Tamba, Taman Slim Jaya, Taman Slim Jaya 2, Taman Kampung Slim, Rumah Awam, Kampung Baru, Taman Seroja.
# Snow Water Lake

Snow Water Lake is a lake in the U.S. state of Nevada.
When it's not completely dry, Snow Water Lake is filled by melting snow, hence the name.
# Cherokee Strip (disambiguation)

Cherokee Outlet often referred to as the Cherokee Strip, is in what is now the state of Oklahoma.
Cherokee Strip may also refer to:
* Cherokee Strip (Kansas), a disputed strip of land on the southern border of Kansas
* Cherokee Strip, California, a census-designated place in Kern County, California
* The Cherokee Strip, a 1937 American western film
* Cherokee Strip (film), a 1940 American Western
# Chersotis elegans

Chersotis elegans is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the mountains of Spain, Greece, Turkey, the Caucasus, Lebanon, Israel and western central Asia.

## Description

Warren (1914) states R. elegans Ev. (— grammiptera Bsd., cancellata Frr.) Forewing pale brown, the veins whitish: lines black and white; stigmata margined with white and black, the claviform large and pointed, the reniform angled inwards on median nervure; submarginal line white preceded by a row of black wedge-shaped marks: hindwing of male white with slight subterminal brownish band of female more or less suffused with fuscous. A South European species, found in Spain, France, Greece, and S. Russia; widely spread in W. Asia, and also in Siberia and Turkestan.

## Subspecies

* Chersotis elegans elegans
* Chersotis elegans hermonis (Israel)

## Biology

Adults are on wing from July to September. There is one generation per year.
# Chess aesthetics

Chess aesthetics or beauty in chess is the aesthetic appreciation of chess games and problems, by both players and composers. This is evident, for example, in brilliancy prizes awarded to some games in certain tournaments and also in the world of chess composition. There are many books published featuring chess problems or puzzles that emphasize its aesthetic aspect. One of the earliest is from the 9th century AD. Aesthetics in chess can be both a source of pleasure for humans and also instruction, as compositions or games featuring it typically illustrate original ideas or new instantiations of old ones. A good chess problem composer, however, is not necessarily a good player.
Factors about a game or move sequence (also referred to as a combination) that might cause it to be regarded as 'brilliant' by most players include, among other things: expediency, disguise, sacrifice, correctness, preparation, paradox, unity and originality.
* Expediency refers to a move's effectiveness in achieving something tangible, like checkmate or a decisive material gain.
* Disguise occurs when a move played (usually the key move) does not expose the solution immediately.
* Sacrifice refers to the exchange of a more powerful piece for a weaker one, but can also mean the exchange of other less tangible advantages, like mobility.
* Correctness simply means the solution should work against any defense. (A plus but not always possible in real games.)
* Preparation means that the aesthetic perceived—say, in a particular tactical combination—was achieved in great part due to the strategic play preceding it.
* Paradox refers to the range of things that violate 'good practice' in chess, for example, the deliberate exposure of one's king.
* Unity refers to the cooperation between pieces toward the attainment of a specific goal (e.g. checkmate, winning material, controlling more space).
* Originality means something the observer has not seen before, and must therefore rely heavily on personal experience.
Composition conventions such as not having any checks or captures in the first (i.e. key) move, and the use of variations to illustrate a particular theme (e.g. zugzwang, pin), also play a role in the aesthetics of the game.
Conceptually, a 'common ground' of aesthetics between the domains of real (e.g. tournament) games and compositions can be established. These are beauty characteristics that apply approximately equally to both domains; examples include heuristic violations, economy and material sacrifice. This common ground is useful in computational models of aesthetics in the game because it helps in experiments comparing the beauty of compositions (on average, considered more beautiful) against the beauty of real games (on average, considered less beautiful). Some factors that pertain solely to real games (e.g. pressure under time control) or compositions (e.g. avoidance of castling moves) may be conflated with aesthetics in the game—and perhaps to some degree this is justifiable; however, they would lie outside the common ground described above.
# Smoky Hill Trail

The Smoky Hill Trail ran through the Smoky Hills, in central Great Plains of North America, and was in use from 1855 to 1870. Before American colonization, the land along the Smoky Hill River was favored hunting ground for the Plains Indians, and had an ancient American Indian trail. This gave rise to the establishment of the Smoky Hill Trail across what was then Kansas Territory. It extended west from Atchison, Kansas to the Kansas River, then along the Smoky Hill River, and finally to Denver, spanning the width of what became the state of Kansas and the eastern portion of Colorado. The trail was named after the Smoky Hill River, whose course it paralleled for much of its length.
In 1859, the Pike's Peak Gold Rush prompted increased exploration of the westward path from the Missouri River through the dangerously vast Kansas Territory prairie. Emigration by gold prospectors was enticed greatly by a deluge of newspaper articles with wild claims of efficiency and natural provisions of the Smoky Hill Trail. These were especially published in towns competing as Smoky Hill Trail launch stations for the gold rush. Several routes were explored by individual emigrant parties. Many who attempted the Smoky Hill Trail got repeatedly lost from it or found no natural provisions, contrary to the published reports and guidebooks, culminating in one infamous case of cannibalism. The Rocky Mountain News said "for the benefit of speculators and lot owners, in prospective towns along the line of travel, has been tried once over this fated Smoky Hell route with only too lamentable success, and its instigators stand to-day, in the sight of Heaven, guilty of manslaughter, to say the least".
In 1860, a few officially organized expeditions were sponsored by a collective fundraiser among the city of Leavenworth and various towns along the Kansas Valley and the Kansas River. The resulting road and guide reports were far too late, because the Pike's Peak Gold Rush embarkment traffic had peaked in 1859, was substantial in 1860, and was depleted by 1861. The official road-building expedition's markers were already eroding due to wild buffalo migration by then.
The Smoky Hill Trail continued as a path westward for American settlers, while considered the forerunner of an impending railroad. Beginning in 1865, the trail was the route for the short-lived Butterfield Overland Despatch serving freight and passengers. To protect travelers, the United States Army established several forts along the trail, including Fort Downer, Fort Harker, Fort Hays, Fort Monument, and Fort Wallace. In 1867, the Comanche and the Kiowa, and in 1868, the Sioux and the Arapaho signed treaties withdrawing their opposition to the construction of a railroad along the Smoky Hill River. The Kansas Pacific Railway was completed in 1870, rendering the Smoky Hill Trail obsolete.

## Gallery

* Smoky Hill Trail Marker on Pioneer Monument
* Pioneer Monument, Denver, Colorado
* Route of the Butterfield Overland Despatch along the Smoky Hill Trail.
# Sober Saturday Night

"Sober Saturday Night" is a song co-written recorded by American country music singer Chris Young as a duet with Vince Gill. It was released in June 2016 as the third and final single from Young's 2015 album I'm Comin' Over (2015). Young wrote this song with The Warren Brothers and assisted Corey Crowder with production.

## Critical reception

The staff of Taste of Country described the song as both a "vocal showcase" and a "personal performance." The blog also noted that the contrast between the two vocalists' tones "makes the unlikely pair a compelling listen." In 2017, Billboard contributor Chuck Dauphin put "Sober Saturday Night" at number eight on his top 10 list of Young's best songs.

## Commercial performance

The song reached No. 4 on the Hot Country Songs, and No. 1 on the Country Airplay chart, making it Young's third consecutive number one, his eighth overall, and Gill's sixth number one and his first since "Tryin' to Get Over You" in 1994. It also reached No. 47 on the Billboard 100. It has sold 204,000 copies as of March 2017.

## Music video

A lyric video for the song was posted to Young's Vevo channel on November 6, 2015 during the lead-up to the album's release. The official music video was directed by David Poag and premiered July 14, 2016. Similar to the story told by the lyrics, the video depicts a man who appears to be recovering from a hangover but who is actually "adapting to a new normal" without the influence of alcohol, with the bar scenes implied to be flashbacks to the man's troubled past. It turns out that on a particular night, he saw his ex-girlfriend with another man and confronted them, causing the girl to storm off into her new boyfriend's truck. Unfortunately, since everyone had had too much to drink, the truck crashed, causing the girl and her boyfriend to pass away on impact. We see that the protagonist is visiting the grave of his former love, and it's been a month since the fateful night, after which he made a vow to stay sober.

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Sober Grid

Sober Grid is a digital health company providing mental health addiction care around the world in over 170 countries.
The mobile user base is largest social mobile networking application for people with substance abuse issues on a mobile platform. The application works by connecting sober people and those looking to get sober based on their relative distance. Sober Grid creator Beau Mann had the idea to create Sober Grid while attending the Sundance Film Festival. He served as president and CEO.
With millions worldwide struggling with addiction, the creators saw that there was a need for developing a community. Sober Grid's goal is sharing a tool that makes peer support available at the touch of a button.
In June 2018 Sober Grid purchased Ascent, an evidence-based peer recovery coaching service in Ohio. Through this acquisition, Sober Grid is now able to provide HIPAA compliant 24/7 certified peer coaching support through their application.
The company received funding from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. The company is partnered with researchers from the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School where it works on its Artificial Intelligence capabilities to predict relapses and hopefully later intervene. The company has appeared on Fox, CNBC, Entrepreneur, NY Metro, New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes, and many other media outlets.

## Features

The design of Sober Grid has two main features: the newsfeed and the grid. The newsfeed contains a time-oriented list of posts from Sober Grid users. The grid displays users based on their proximity. On the newsfeed, users have the option to turn on the “burning desire” feature.

## Competitors

Sober Grid is a leader in the digital health marketplace for mental health and Substance Use Disorder. Sober Grid competes with a rival digital health therapy, reSET-O, made for Opioid Use Disorder by Pear Therapeutics. Click Therapeutics and MAP Health Management are also competitors to Sober Grid.
An additional feature, added in September 2018 allows users to pay for certified peer coaching.