OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sonning Cutting

Sonning Cutting is on the original Great Western Railway built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. It is to the east of Reading station and to the west of Twyford station near the village of Sonning in Berkshire, England. Originally planned to route around the north of Sonning Hill past the village, the railway instead bypasses the village due to local objections. The resulting route follows a cutting over 1-mile (1.6 km) and up to 60 feet (18 m) deep, through the hill, giving a more direct route between Twyford and Reading.
The cutting was hand-dug without machinery and the spoil removed in wheelbarrows and horse-drawn carts. It took two years to complete and there were several casualties in the process. The line was opened on 30 March 1840.
After the ending of the broad gauge in 1892, the railway was widened to four tracks. This involved a major rebuilding of the cutting, during which the slope of the sides was reduced.

## Accident

Early on 24 December 1841, a mixed goods and passenger train ran into a landslide in the cutting, caused by earlier persistent heavy rain. Many passengers who were carried in open-topped wagons were thrown out or crushed between the wagons. Eight people died there and seventeen, one of whom died later, were injured. Among the casualties were artisans returning home after working on the new Parliament building. The tragedy stimulated William Ewart Gladstone, while President of the Board of Trade (1843–1845), to introduce legislation to improve safety on the railways.
# Christia (given name)

Christia is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Christia Adair
* Christia Brown
* Christia Mercer, American professor of philosophy at Columbia University
* Christia Sylf (1924–1980), French writer
* Christia Visser (born 1992), South African actress and singer
# Sound of Love (song)

"Sound of Love" is a ballad number performed by the Bee Gees, It was written by Barry, Robin & Maurice Gibb, and appeared on their album Odessa in 1969.

## Background

It was originally recorded at Atlantic Studios, New York City on August 20, 1968, and was finished at IBC Studios, London in November of that year. A mix with the original vocal take appears on the Sketches for Odessa disc released with the remastered edition in 2009. The song starts with a piano introduction from Maurice Gibb, the bass and drums come in at 0:37. The orchestra was conducted by Bill Shepherd, with a powerful lead vocal from Barry Gibb.

## Personnel

* Barry Gibb — lead vocal, guitar
* Maurice Gibb — piano, bass, guitar
* Vince Melouney — guitar
* Colin Petersen — drums
* Bill Shepherd — orchestral arrangement

## Cover versions

* Etta James recorded this song and released on her 1970 album Etta James Sings Funk. The version was arranged by Gene Barge and produced by Barge and Ralph Bass, and James' version was released as the B-side of "When I Stop Dreaming" on Cadet Records.
* The Sandpipers recorded this song on their Come Saturday Morning album also in 1970 on A&M Records.
# Source Lake (Nipissing District)

Source Lake is a small lake in geographic Canisbay and Peck townships in the Unorganized South part of Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It lies in southern Algonquin Provincial Park and is part of the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin. The river is the source of the Madawaska River, which flows via the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.
Camp Pathfinder, a boys' summer camp, is located on Source Lake.
# Sophie Zhang

Sophie Zhang may refer to:
* Sophie Zhang (whistleblower), data-analyst and Facebook whistleblower
* Zhang Xueying, Chinese actress whose English name is Sophie Zhang
# Christian Kaunert

Christian Kaunert is a German-Irish-British political scientist and Jean Monnet professor specialised in European security. Kaunert is professor of international security at Dublin City University and professor of policing and security at the University of South Wales, where he holds a Jean Monnet chair of EU counter-terrorism and directs a Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence. He is also the co-ordinator of a research-focused Jean Monnet Network of EU counter-terrorism, which brings together fourteen universities and research centres across Europe and its neighbourhood. Kaunert has published extensively in the field of European security, and also collaborated with major international news outlets as an expert in security, migration and counter-terrorism.

## Academic career

Kaunert started his academic career as a lecturer in European politics at Aberystwyth University, where he obtained his PhD, with a thesis entitled The European Commission: an 'engine' in the area of freedom, security and justice?, in 2006. After a brief spell as a lecturer at the University of Maastricht, he moved to the UK in 2007 as a lecturer and senior lecturer at the University of Salford, where he earned his first Jean Monnet chair in 2012. While at Salford, he was also Marie Curie senior research fellow at the European University Institute in Florence from 2010 to 2012. At the end of 2012 he left for the University of Dundee in Scotland, where he established his first Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence in 2013, and was appointed professor in 2014. Kaunert then moved back to continental Europe in 2016 as professor and academic director of the Institute for European Studies of Vrije Universiteit Brussel, until he returned to the UK as a professor and director of the International Centre for Policing & Security at the University of South Wales in 2018. In 2021, he was appointed Professor of International Security at Dublin City University in Ireland.

## Selected works

* Kaunert, C. (2010). European internal security: towards supranational governance in the area of freedom, security and justice. Manchester University Press.
* Kaunert, C. & Zwolski, K. (2013). The EU as a global security actor–a comprehensive analysis beyond CFSP and JHA. Palgrave Macmillan.
* Léonard, S., & Kaunert, C. (2019). Refugees, security and the European Union. Routledge.
* Ilbiz, E., & Kaunert, C. (2021). EU, Turkey and Counter-Terrorism: Fighting the PKK and ISIS. Edward Elgar
# South Africa men's national squash team

The South Africa men's national squash team represents South Africa in international squash team competitions, and is governed by Squash South Africa.
Since 1967, South Africa has won two Bronze medals of the World Squash Team Open.

## Current team

* Dewald van Niekerk
* Jean-Pierre Brits
* Christo Potgieter
* Tristen Worth

## Results
### World Team Squash Championships

| Year | Result | Position | W | L |
| Melbourne 1967 | Group Stage | 4th | 2 | 3 |
| Birmingham 1969 | Group Stage | 3rd | 2 | 3 |
| Palmerston North 1971 | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present |
| Johannesburg 1973 | Group Stage | 3rd | 2 | 2 |
| Birmingham 1976 | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present |
| Toronto 1977 | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present |
| Brisbane 1979 | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present |
| Stockholm 1981 | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present |
| Auckland 1983 | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present |
| Cairo 1985 | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present |
| London 1987 | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present |
| Singapore 1989 | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present |
| Helsinki 1991 | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present | Did not present |
| Karachi 1993 | Group Stage | 13th | 5 | 0 |
| Cairo 1995 | Quarter Final | 5th | 4 | 2 |
| Petaling Jaya 1997 | Quarter Final | 5th | 5 | 1 |
| Cairo 1999 | Quarter Final | 8th | 3 | 3 |
| Melbourne 2001 | Quarter Final | 6th | 5 | 2 |
| Vienna 2003 | Round of 16 | 10th | 4 | 3 |
| Islamabad 2005 | Round of 16 | 9th | 4 | 2 |
| Chennai 2007 | Round of 16 | 11th | 4 | 3 |
| Odense 2009 | Quarter Final | 6th | 5 | 2 |
| Paderborn 2011 | Round of 16 | 13th | 3 | 4 |
| Mulhouse 2013 | Quarter Final | 6th | 5 | 2 |
| Cairo 2015 | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| Marseille 2017 | Group Stage | 18th | 2 | 3 |
| Washington, D.C. 2019 | Group Stage | 19th | 2 | 5 |
| Total | 16/26 | 0 Title | 57 | 40 |
# Chris Orr (rugby league)

Christopher Orr (born (1973-11-18)18 November 1973) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a stand-off or scrum-half in the 1990s. He played at representative level for Scotland, and at club level for the Gold Coast Chargers and the Huddersfield Giants.

## International honours

Chris Orr won caps for Scotland while at the Huddersfield Giants 1998 2-caps.
# Christoph Biedermann

Christoph Biedermann (born 30 January 1987) is a former international footballer from Liechtenstein who played as a midfielder. Biedermann last played club football for FC Balzers.
# South Korea at the 2015 Summer Universiade

South Korea participated at the 2015 Summer Universiade in Gwangju, South Korea.

## Medal summary
### Medal by sports

Medals by sport :
| Sport | | | | Total |
| Archery | 8 | 4 | 2 | 14 |
| Badminton | 6 | 1 | 2 | 9 |
| Baseball | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Gymnastics | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
| Diving | 0 | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| Fencing | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
| Football | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Golf | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Handball | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Judo | 8 | 5 | 2 | 15 |
| Shooting | 6 | 3 | 4 | 13 |
| Swimming | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Table tennis | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 |
| Taekwondo | 8 | 4 | 3 | 15 |
| Tennis | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Total | 47 | 32 | 29 | 108 |

### Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
# Christophiella

Christophiella is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# South Otter Township, Macoupin County, Illinois

South Otter Township (T11N R7W) is located in Macoupin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 465 and it contained 204 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.41 square miles (94.3 km$^2$), of which 35.77 square miles (92.6 km$^2$) (or 98.24%) is land and 0.63 square miles (1.6 km$^2$) (or 1.73%) is water.

## Adjacent townships

* North Otter Township (north)
* Girard Township (northeast)
* Nilwood Township (east)
* Shaws Point Township (southeast)
* Carlinville Township (south)
* Bird Township (southwest)
* South Palmyra Township (west)
* North Palmyra Township (northwest)
# Sot de Chera

Sot de Chera is a municipality in the comarca of Los Serranos in the Valencian Community, Spain.
# South-West Province

South-West or Southwest Province may refer to:
* Southwest Australia, a bioregion in Western Australia;
* South-West Province (Western Australia), an electoral province of Western Australia;
* Southwest Region (Cameroon), a region of Cameroon (known as Southwest Province between 1983 and 2008).
# Christie Downs, South Australia

Christie Downs is a suburb in southern Metropolitan Adelaide within the city of Onkaparinga, South Australia. It has a unique postcode of 5164, and is adjacent to the suburbs of Christies Beach to the west, Noarlunga Centre to the south, Morphett Vale to the east and Lonsdale to the north.
The area was named after Lambert Christie, who was one of the original European settlers in the area. The area continued to be mainly farming land until the late 1950s when large portions were purchased by the South Australian Housing Trust. Since then the suburb has steadily grown to have almost 2500 households.
The suburb is served by Christie Downs railway station on the Seaford railway line.
# Cletus Ibeto

Cletus Madubugwu Ibeto (born November 6, 1952) is a Nigerian businessman from the industrial city of Nnewi. He is head of The Ibeto Group, the largest business enterprise from Nnewi, a city unique for its entrepreneurial spirit. In the early 1980s, when the oil crash and a controversial import licensing system was making a dent on the Nigerian manufacturing environment, Nnewi went through a growth period. The Ibeto Group under the Ibeto's leadership was a pacesetter in the region and nation's trading and later manufacturing development.

## Early history

Cletus Ibeto started out as a spare parts import dealer, after spending some time as an apprentice in the motor parts business, a gradual step taken by many eastern traders. In March 1988 he stopped direct importation of lead-acid automotive battery and plastic motor accessories, after completing his factory in Nnewi. By 1995 The Ibeto Group had become one of the largest auto spare parts manufacturing outfits in the country.
On October 2, 1996, he established Ibeto Petrochemical Industries Ltd. which is engaged in the blending of oil lubricants as well as the production of various types of petroleum products for local and international markets. The Company owns one of the largest liquid storage facilities for petroleum products in Nigeria with a capacity of over 60,000 metric tonnes located at Apapa Wharf and the Ibru Port Complex, Lagos.
In May 2018, Ibeto Cement Company Limited announced a reverse merger with Century Petroleum Corporation, a United States publicly-traded petroleum exploration and production company in a move to enter global markets and bypass the complex process of listing. Ibeto acquired a 70% controlling stake of the company and Cletus Ibeto was subsequently made the Chairman of the Board of Directors. He graduated from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka with a degree in Accountancy

## Honours

In 2008 Ibeto received the national Honour of Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON) from the Federal Republic of Nigeria for his outstanding contributions to the country through his manufacturing enterprise. In 2012 he was awarded the Honour of Commander of the Order of the Niger (CON) for his continued outstanding service to the nation.
# Sylvester John Hemleben

Sylvester John Hemleben was born February 25, 1902, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, a descendant of an ancient German family which emigrated to America to practice medicine and pharmacy in pioneer Wisconsin.
Hemleben received the Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from the University of Iowa, the Doctor of Philosophy degree in political science from Fordham University, and the Bachelor of Laws With Distinction and the Juris Doctor degrees from the University of Mississippi. He furthered his education at Columbia University, Harvard University, Cambridge University, England, and Munich University, Germany.
Hemleben’s career was devoted to college and university teaching. For a time he was head of the department of history and social studies in the School of Education at Fordham University. He also taught at the University of Southwest Louisiana, Brevard College, and the University of Mississippi School of Law in the fields of history, law, and political science. Hemleben was a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. He was the author of numerous books, including Plans for World Peace through Six Centuries (1943, University of Chicago Press), as well as numerous articles in learned journals. Hemleben also wrote numerous volumes of poetry, including Musings of a Mystic, that are expressive of his philosophy of life.
Hemleben died on June 14, 1991.
# Livada, Burgas Province

Livada is a village in Kameno Municipality, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.
# FC Aliança Nacional

Futebol Club Aliança Nacional or with (de Pantufo) (Portuguese meaning the Football Club National Alliance) is a football club based in Pantufo in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship and plays at its own field. The team never claimed any national and insular titles, but won the cup in 1996.

## Logo

Its logo is a seal with a white rim reading the club name surrounded by an orange line. Inside is a black portion with two orange half crescents and an inner white crescents with the acronym ANP, the last three letters in the middle, the N is colored white and the other two are black and a slightly smaller size.

## History

The team lost in the semi-final to Sporting Clube Praia Cruz in 1994. Years later, the club was relegated to the second division and later returned to the first division where they reached second place in the 2001 season. They remained in the top division until 2009 when they were relegated after finishing 12th place. The club spent five years in the Second Division until they achieved promotion again in 2014 and returned to the Premier Division for the 2015 season.

## Honours

* Taça Nacional de São Tomé e Principe: 1
       1996

## Seasons
### Island championships

| Season | Division | Place |
| 2001 | 1st | 2nd. |
| 2009/10 | 1st | 12th. |
| Season | Div. | Pos. | Pl. | W | D | L | GS | GA | GD | P | Qualification/relegation |
| 2014 | 2 | 7 | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | None |
| 2015 | 2 | 7 | 18 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 22 | 28 | -6 | 24 | |
| 2016 | 2 | 3 | 22 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 33 | 20 | +13 | 41 | |
| 2017 | 2 | 6 | 22 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 26 | 27 | -1 | 33 | |

## Statistics

* Best position: 2nd (national)
* Best position at cup competitions: 1st (national)
* Appearance at a national cup competition: 1
# Frederic Williams Hopkins

Frederic Williams Hopkins (September 15, 1806 – January 21, 1874) was a Vermont lawyer and militia officer who served as Adjutant General of the Vermont Militia.

## Early life

Frederic Williams Hopkins was born in Pittsford, Vermont on September 15, 1806. He graduated from Middlebury College in 1828, studied law, and became an attorney in Rutland.

## Legal career

He was a long time Rutland Justice of the Peace, and served as Rutland County's Register of Probate from 1832 to 1836 and 1838 to 1839. Hopkins served as Clerk of the Rutland County Courts from 1839 to 1868, and was an organizer of the Rutland Union School District in 1855. He was also an organizer of Rutland's first volunteer fire department.

## Military career

Active in the militia during a period between wars when interest was on the wane, he served as Vermont's Adjutant and Inspector General from 1837 to 1852.
In the 1830s and 1840s Hopkins was part of a group of individuals interested in reorganizing and revitalizing the state militias, which had become increasingly dormant in the years following the War of 1812. This group, including Franklin Pierce, Alden Partridge, Alonzo Jackman, and Truman B. Ransom, held seminars to discuss tactics, strategy and recruiting, and carry out maneuvers and drills in an effort to improve unit readiness.
He spoke the eulogy at the memorial service for Truman B. Ransom, the President of Norwich University and a militia officer who was killed in the Mexican–American War while leading his regiment at Chapultepec in 1848.

## Later life

Hopkins was praised when he left his sick bed during an extended illness to supervise the removal of records from the Rutland County Court House during a fire on April 3, 1868.

## Death and burial

Hopkins died in Rutland on January 23, 1874. He was originally interred in Rutland's West Street Cemetery, and his grave there was one of several that were vandalized in 1891.
His remains were later moved to Rutland's Evergreen Cemetery.

## Family

Hopkins was the son of Hiram Hopkins (1777–1847) and Rachel Spotten Hopkins (1773–1839).
He was married twice. His first wife was Julian Ann Hooker (1810–1842) and his second was Ann Eliza Lawrence (1816–1897).
His children included:
* Sarah Hooker Hopkins Woodbury
* Martha Vinal Hopkins
* Anna Larose Lawrence Hopkins Burnham
* Genevieve (Jennie) Andrews Hopkins Enos
* Grace Elizabeth Hopkins Gregory
* William F. Hopkins.
# Fred Larson

Fred or Frederick Larson may refer to:
* Fred Larson (American football) (1897–1977), American football player
* Fred Larson (politician) (1913–1994), Canadian member of Parliament
* Frederick Larson (filmmaker), American lawyer, law professor and filmmaker
# Fiddlin' Doc Roberts

Fiddlin' Doc Roberts (April 26, 1897 - August 4, 1978) was an American Kentucky-style old-time fiddler.

## Biography

Dock Philipine Roberts was born and raised on a farm in Madison County, Kentucky and learned to play the fiddle at an early age with some help from his older brother Liebert. Doc's and Liebert's musical mentor was the African-American fiddler Owen Walker. After finishing his studies in Berea, Roberts married in 1913. In 1925, a talent scout, Dennis Taylor, recruited Roberts along with Welby Toomey and Edgar Boaz as old time recording artists for Gennett Records. In early 1927, Roberts recorded with the string band, the "Booker Family". Together with Dick Parman and Ted Chestnut, he formed the Kentucky Thorobreds. They recorded in April 1927 for the Paramount label.
In the fall of 1927, he formed a duo with Asa Martin called Martin & Roberts. They made their recording debut in May 1928 for the Gennett label. Between 1927 and 1934, the duo performed at fiddler's conventions, in schoolhouses, on vaudeville stages, and on radio (WHAS in Louisville, Kentucky). Martin & Roberts recorded altogether more than 200 sides on 11 different labels. Later on, with the addition of Doc Roberts' son James, the Fiddlin' Doc Roberts Trio was formed. In 1928, Roberts was hired, through the agency of Bradley Kincaid, by the National Barn Dance radio show in Chicago. He was paid $50 a week. After only two weeks he quit the show and moved back to Kentucky. The reason was that he was unable to sleep due to the noise of the big city. The Doc Roberts Trio lasted until 1934 when Roberts retired as a recording artist. During the next four decades, he continued to make personal appearances and occasional radio works.
He died at the age of 81 in his hometown of Richmond, Kentucky.

## Discography

78s: In various prewar lineups Roberts recorded singles on Gennett and affiliated labels, ARC labels, and Paramount and affiliated labels.
Reissued material also appears on:
* Fiddlin' Doc Roberts: Classic Fiddle Tunes, Recorded During The Golden Age - Davis Unlimited DU-33015 (ca. 1974)
* Fiddling Doc Roberts: Old Time Tunes - County 412 (1983)
* Fiddlin' Doc Roberts: Complete Recorded Works In Chronological Order, Volume 1: 1925–1928 - Document DOCD-8042 (1998)
* Fiddlin' Doc Roberts: Complete Recorded Works In Chronological Order, Volume 2: 1928–1930 - Document DOCD-8043 (1998)
* Fiddlin' Doc Roberts: Complete Recorded Works In Chronological Order, Volume 3: 1930–1934 - Document DOCD-8044 (1998)

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Kleber 1992, p. 775.
* ↑ Carlin 2003, p. 346.
* ↑ Kennedy 1994, p. 158.
* 1 2 3 Carlin 2003, p. 347.
* ↑ Kennedy 1994, pp. 157.
* ↑ Wolfe 1996, p. 29.
* 1 2 Wolfe 1996, p. 30.
* ↑ Russell, Pinson 2004, p. 588.
# Richard Barrett (Medal of Honor)

First Sergeant Richard Barrett (1838 – March 20, 1898) was an Irish-born American soldier in the U.S. Army who served with the 1st U.S. Cavalry Regiment during the Indian Wars. He was awarded the Medal of Honor during the Apache Wars when he voluntarily led a charge against a group of hostile Tonto Apaches at Sycamore Canyon on May 23, 1872.

## Biography

Richard Barrett was born in County Mayo, Ireland in 1838. He eventually emigrated to the United States and settled in Buffalo, New York. It was there that Barrett enlisted in the United States Army and was assigned to Company A of the 1st U.S. Cavalry Regiment. By 1872, he had risen to the rank of first sergeant. On May 23 of that year, while posted to the Arizona Territory, Barrett volunteered to lead a charge against a group of renegade Tonto Apaches at Sycamore Canyon. He was cited for "conspicuous gallantry" and recommended for the Medal of Honor for his actions which he officially received on April 12, 1875. Barrett moved to Washington, D.C. after his retirement from military service. He died there on March 20, 1898, at the age of 60. He was interred at the United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: First Sergeant, Company A, 1st U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Sycamore Canyon, Ariz., May 23, 1872. Entered service at: --. Birth: Ireland. Date of issue: April 12, 1875.
Citation:
   Consplcuous gallantry in a charge upon the Tonto Apaches.