OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of the Systems

The Battle of the Systems was a controversy over the most effective system of exercise and calisthenics that spanned from the 1830s to the early 1920s, consisted of different systems of exercise mostly in a gymnastic or calisthenic-type format. It raged in the United States as states mandated physical education systems.

## Systems
### German gymnastics

Started by Johann Guts Muth and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, used large fixed apparatus, vaulting and marching. Jahn felt that physical conditioning was essential for a strong nation. The German system had a "militaristic" view of fitness, with a very strict, formal style of physical training: Jahn's purpose in promoting what he called the Turnverein movement was to mold the German youth into strong citizens. It was introduced to America by Charles Beck, a German immigrant. Although they were based on the ideas and work of Friedrich Jahn, the American system was less nationalistic.

### Swedish gymnastics

Sometimes called the "Swedish Movement Cure," founded by Pehr Henrik Ling, was a health-oriented approach and recognized for inherent medical values. The Swedish "light gymnastics" used no apparatus, consisting of calisthenics and exercises. It was freer and less rigid than the German system. The Swedish system was made popular in America from the 1880s under Hartvig Nissen and Nils Posse.

### Delsarte system

A French system created by François Delsarte in the 1890s. His system, based on the belief that certain exercises contributed more to poise, grace, beauty and health, and were therefore more beneficial in improving performances in singing, drama and dance, gained popularity in dance and theatre as well as physical education, though in the latter its popularity was limited and short-lived.

### Sargent system

Founded by Dudley Allen Sargent in the 1800s, it was a system of gymnastics based on both the German and Swedish systems. Sargent constructed many types of apparatus to be used in his program and also experimented in anthropometric measurements. This eclectic system required a thorough medical examination as a basic preliminary to any physical activity.

## Outcome

There was no winner proclaimed because popularity varied from region to region and as one would gain a strong foothold, another system would grow in popularity. The public would shift with the latest trend. These systems would all but vanish as science and research would reveal the truth in promoters' claims.
# US Census Bureau International Data Base

US Census Bureau International Data Base (IDB) is a global demographic product created by the United States Census Bureau. The U.S. Census Bureau has been preparing estimates and projections of the populations of foreign countries since the 1960s for a number of reasons. In the 1980s, the Census Bureau released its first comprehensive set of estimates and projections for over 200 countries and areas of the world. Since then, the Census Bureau periodically updates estimates and projections for countries as new data become available, funding permits, and conditions warrant. IDB estimates and projections are produced for those countries and areas recognized by the U.S. Department of State which have populations of 5,000 or more. The statistics are maintained for every year from 1950 until the present plus have future projections until 2050. Population size (by single year of age and sex) and components of change (fertility, mortality, and migration) are provided for each calendar year beyond the initial or base year, through 2050.
The U.S. Census Bureau International Programs office has released a web map viewer that allows everyone to explore this data set, the International Map Viewer.
# Somayeh

Somayeh (Arabic : سمیه) is the Persian pronunciation of the Arabic feminine given name Sumaya. Notable people with the name include:
* Somayeh Tohidlou (born 1979), Iranian blogger and political activist
* Somayeh Mahmoudi, Iranian politician and current member of the Parliament of Iran
* Somayeh Mohammadi (born 1980), Iranian member of the Mujahedin-e Khalq
* Somayeh Abbaspour (born 1985), Iranian Paralympic archer
# Biem Benyamin

Biem Triani Benyamin (born 13 March 1964) is an Indonesian politician and businessman. He was Indonesian senator from Jakarta, known for proposing a judicial review allowing independent candidates to run in regional elections. He also chaired the special committee in the parliament for revising the Jakarta Special Capital Region Government Act. Biem Benyamin is the third son of Benyamin Sueb, Betawi iconic figure. He was later elected into the People's Representative Council in 2014.
Before starting his career in politics, Biem Benyamin was active in advocating the development of Betawi culture including initiating the establishment of Kongres Rakyat Betawi (Indonesian: Betawi People Congress). As a businessman, Biem Benyamin owns a radio station, Bens Radio, which is popular in promoting Betawi culture and traditions. He also founded Etnikom Network, a network between fourteen radio stations in Java and Sumatra which actively promote local cultures.
In 2012, he ran in Jakarta gubernatorial election as vice gubernatorial candidate for independent gubernatorial candidate Faisal Basri.
# Dimeropygiella

Dimeropygiella is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Arenig stage of the Ordovician Period, approximately 478 to 471 million years ago.
# Krochmal

Krochmal is a rare Polish surname meaning "laundry starch" (a starch solution in water used to whiten and stiffen fabric) . Notable people with the surname include:
* Menachem Mendel Krochmal (c. 1600 – 1661), Polish-Moravian rabbi
* Nachman Krochmal (1785–1840), Galician philosopher, theologian and historian
Few families today are known to have the surname, with those that are known primarily living in the United States and Australia.
# Epidemas cinerea

Epidemas cinerea is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Epidemas cinerea is 10002.
# Diathrausta profundalis

Diathrausta profundalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Julius Lederer in 1863. It is found on Ambon Island.
# The Consumer Movement

The Consumer Movement is a 1941 book on the consumer movement by Helen Sorenson.

## Reviews

One reviewer said that the book describes the consumer movement by describing what contemporary consumer organizations are doing as activism.
A reviewer for Kirkus Reviews said that the book describes "consumer group organization, the variety of interests that constitute the consumer movement, the definite objectives of consumer groups, the spread of services, testing agencies, committees, leagues, associations of all kinds and their power as consumer groups".
# C. orientalis

C. orientalis may refer to:
* Caecilia orientalis, an amphibian species found in Colombia and Ecuador
* Carcharodus orientalis, the Oriental skipper, a butterfly species found in eastern Europe to Asia Minor
* Carpinus orientalis, the Oriental hornbeam, a tree species native from southeastern Europe to northern Iran
* Canna orientalis, a garden plant
* Channa orientalis, the ceylon snakehead, a freshwater fish species found in Sri Lanka
* Chromodoris orientalis, a colorful sea slug species
* Cladogynos orientalis, a plant species found in Southeast Asia and Malesia
* Coccothrinax orientalis, a palm species endemic to eastern Cuba
* Collocalia orientalis, the Mayr's swiftlet, a swift species found in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands
* Colutea orientalis, a leguminous shrub species native to Europe and Asia
* Conringia orientalis, the hare's ear mustard, a flowering plant species native to Eurasia
* Crataegus orientalis, a hawthorn species native to the Mediterranean region, Turkey, Caucasia, Crimea and western Iran
* Crocidura orientalis, the Oriental shrew, a mammal species endemic to Indonesia
* Crossobamon orientalis, the Sind gecko, a lizard species found in Pakistan and India
* Cynops orientalis, the Chinese fire belly newt, a small newt species

## Synonyms

* Cissus orientalis, a synonym for Ampelopsis arborea, an ornamental plant species native to the United States
* Caudisona orientalis or Crotalus orientalis, synonyms for Crotalus durissus, a snake species found in South America
# Battle of Jasmund

Battle of Jasmund may refer to:
* Battle of Jasmund (1676)
* da:Søslaget ved Jasmund (1715) is the Danish name for Battle of Rügen (1715)
* Battle of Jasmund (1864)
# À travers Lausanne

À travers Lausanne was a professional road cycling race held annually in Lausanne, Switzerland.
The race was originally a one-day hill climb, but in 1968, it was changed to consist of two stages: a time trial and a hill climb.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| 1940 | Ferdi Kübler | Emile Vaucher | Robert Lang |
| 1941 | Ferdi Kübler | Ernest Kuhn | Hans Knecht |
| 1942 | Ferdi Kübler | Kurt Zaugg | Alfred Vock |
| 1943 | Hans Knecht | Alfred Vock | Ernest Kuhn |
| 1944 | Louis Garzoli | Gottfried Weilenmann | Alberto Boffa |
| 1945 | Ferdi Kübler | Gottfried Weilenmann | Fermo Camellini |
| 1946 | Fermo Camellini | Paul Giacomini | Jean de Gribaldy |
| 1947 | Fausto Coppi | Fermo Camellini | Fritz Schär |
| 1948 | Jean Robic | Paul Giacomini | Jean de Gribaldy |
| 1949 | Fritz Schär | Jean de Gribaldy | Lucien Lazaridès |
| 1950–1966 | No race | No race | No race |
| 1967 | Raymond Poulidor | Eddy Merckx | Julio Jiménez |
| 1968 | Eddy Merckx | Felice Gimondi | Raymond Poulidor |
| 1969 | Herman Van Springel | Martin Vandenbossche | Franco Bitossi |
| 1970 | Eddy Merckx | Raymond Poulidor | Gianni Motta |
| 1971 | Luis Ocaña | Eddy Merckx | Joaquim Agostinho |
| 1972 | Eddy Merckx | Bernard Thévenet | Joop Zoetemelk |
| 1973 | Eddy Merckx | Felice Gimondi | Raymond Poulidor |
| 1974 | Giuseppe Perletto | Felice Gimondi | Wladimiro Panizza |
| 1975 | Joop Zoetemelk | Eddy Merckx | Giuseppe Perletto |
| 1976 | Joop Zoetemelk | Bernard Thévenet | Willi Lienhard |
| 1977 | Joop Zoetemelk | Johan De Muynck | Bernard Thévenet |
| 1978 | Joop Zoetemelk | Bernard Hinault | Giuseppe Perletto |
| 1979 | Joop Zoetemelk | Gottfried Schmutz | Bernard Hinault |
| 1980 | Gottfried Schmutz | Stefan Mutter | Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle |
| 1981–1995 | No race | No race | No race |
| 1996 | Tony Rominger | Oscar Camenzind | Laurent Dufaux |
| 1997 | Laurent Dufaux | Marco Pantani | Beat Zberg |
| 1998 | Marco Pantani | Bobby Julich | Pascal Richard |
| 1999 | Alex Zülle | Laurent Dufaux | Stefano Garzelli |
| 2000 | Daniel Schnider | Oscar Camenzind | Laurent Dufaux |
| 2001 | Cadel Evans | José Luis Rubiera | Laurent Dufaux |
# ACD/ChemSketch

ACD/ChemSketch is a molecular modeling program used to create and modify images of chemical structures. The software allows for the importation and display of molecules and molecular models displayed in two and three dimensions.

## Features

ACD/ChemSketch allows for both basic structure drawing and importation of 3D and 2D .MDL files from other molecular modelling programs. ChemSketch has been favorably compared to other molecular modelling software, especially ChemDraw, based on its ability to display a wide range of structural components and the ease of creating complex structures quickly.
The program offers some advanced features that allows the molecules rotate and apply color to improve visualization. It has several templates with ions and functional groups with the possibility to add text and use other tools to optimize productions created by the software.

## Applications

Using ACD/ChemSketch is primarily for educational use. With this program it is possible to write and perform chemical equations, diagrams laboratories and chemical structures of various entity.
# Robert Post

Robert Post may refer to:
* Robert Post (journalist) (1910–1943), reporter of The New York Times
* Robert Post (law professor) (born 1947), professor of law at Yale Law School
* Robert Post (musician) (born 1979), Norwegian singer-songwriter
# Dimerocostus strobilaceus

Dimerocostus strobilaceus, called “Pinuue Barbat” by the Kuna people of Panama, is a species of plant native to Central and South Tropical America. It mainly grows in wet areas.
Dimerocostus strobilaceus grows up to 6 meters tall. The flower corolla may be white or yellow.
Dimerocostus strobilaceus is used for food and medicinal purposes. It has cardiovascular effects, and the Kuna people of Panama use it to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
Dimerocostus strobilaceus is possibly naturalizing in Hawaii.
# Epidelia

Epidelia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Ragonot in 1891, and contains the species E. viridalis. It is found in Panama.
# Diathrausta ochrifuscalis

Diathrausta ochrifuscalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1903. It is found in the Khasi Hills of India.
The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are brownish ochreous, irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous. The costal and terminal areas are less strongly irrorated. There are traces of a curved ochreous antemedial line, and ochreous discoidal lunule and three small spots on the costa towards the apex. Both wings have traces of a pale sinuous subterminal line which is more distinct on the underside. There is also a fine black terminal line.
# San Vivaldo Monastery, Montaione

San Vivaldo Monastery is a Roman Catholic convent, church, and sanctuary complex located outside of the town of Montaione, region of Tuscany, Italy. The eighteen distinct chapels on this hill, putatively corresponding to sites of the Holy Land, and containing vivid polychrome statuary groupings recalling events of the New Testament, specially the Passion of Jesus, are one of the few examples of the Sacri Monti complexes in Tuscany. Sacri Monti are more characteristic expressions of veneration in the Piedmont and Lombardy. The convent still houses the franciscan order.

## History

The origins of San Vivaldo date the 1325, when a chapel was built at the site where the blessed Vivaldo, a Franciscan tertiary, had recently died. Located in a rural hillside, outside the town, the former hermitage site soon collected a monastery; and in 1326 to 1355, a church was built. In 1500, the arrival of the Franciscan Minor Friars to the site propelled the construction of the Sacro Monti, attempting to reproduce for the pilgrims, a replica of the topography of the holy places of Jerusalem, hence the site was also called the "Jerusalem of Tuscany". Franciscans were at the time intermediaries for arranging pilgrimages to the Holy Land, as well as custodians of the sites.
The friars planning the display chose the local geography places to represent Jerusalem landmarks, for example a small forest to represent the Valley of Josaphat, small hill to represent the Mount of Olives and Calvary, and a flat area to the north of the complex to place the chapel representing the Temple.

## Church

The church was erected at the site of an oak tree inside which Vivaldo was found dead. The church was refurbished in 1410. The first chapel on the right has the 15th-century reliquary and sepulchral urn of San Vivaldo. The chapel has a ceramic statue of St Catherine Alexandria and San Vivaldo by Benedetto Buglioni. The altarpiece depicting the Virgin in Glory with Saints John the Baptist, Jerome, Francis, and Vivaldo by Raffaellino del Garbo.
Through the church one enters the 14th-century chapel which was once the church of Santa Maria a Camporena at the site. The dome was decorated with frescoes honoring the Franciscan order, including a St Clare hastening the flight of Saracens attacking San Damiano. The organ, dating to 1736, was made by Francesco Domenico Calcioli from Lucca.

## Chapels

From 1500 to 1516, 25 chapels were erected at the site; of these 15 remain, and three were added in subsequent centuries. Not all the near-life size terra cotta groups date to the 16th century. Some of the work has been attributed to the Della Robbia studio. But most of the sculptors and painters remain unknown. Some of the statuary representation of the Passion depict the tormentors of Jesus as darkly pigmented Moors.
43°31′34″N 10°53′59″E﻿ / ﻿43.526158°N 10.899778°E﻿ / 43.526158; 10.899778
# À tout prendre

À tout prendre (released as All Things Considered in English Canada and as Take It All in the United States) is a Canadian drama film, directed by Claude Jutra and released in 1963. His first film made outside the National Film Board, the film was a semi-autobiographical portrait of Jutra's own life, focusing on his romantic relationship with actress and model Johanne Harrelle, and his struggle to accept his own homosexuality.
Both Jutra and Harrelle played themselves in the film. Notably, the film version of Jutra commits suicide at the end of the film, drowning himself in the St. Lawrence River, in virtually the same manner which Jutra himself would eventually commit suicide in 1986 after being diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's. The film's cast also includes Victor Désy, Tania Fédor, Guy Hoffmann, Monique Joly, Monique Mercure, Patrick Straram and François Tassé, as well as brief cameo appearances by Anne Claire Poirier and François Truffaut.
Considered a landmark film in the history of Quebec and Canadian cinema, the film won the Canadian Film Award for Best Feature Film at the 16th Canadian Film Awards.

## Cast

* Claude Jutra as Claude
* Johanne Harrelle as Johanne
* Monique Joly [fr] as Monique
* Monique Mercure as Barbara
* Victor Désy [fr] as Victor
* Tania Fédor as the mother
* Patrick Straram [fr] as Nicholas
* François Tassé [fr] as actor
* Guy Hoffmann [fr] as The priest
* Anne Claire Poirier as a woman with a surprise party
# ACDC (medicine)

Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) is a rare genetic disorder that causes calcium buildup in the arteries and joints of the hands and feet, and other areas below the waist. Although patients exhibiting these symptoms have been identified as early as 1914, this disorder had not been studied extensively until recently. The identification of the specific ACDC gene and mutations occurred in 2011. ACDC is caused by a mutation in the NT5E gene, which prevents calcium-removing agents from functioning,. Patients with this mutation experience chronic pain, difficulty moving, and increased risk of cardiovascular problems. In experiments at the molecular level, treatment with adenosine or a phosphatase inhibitor reversed and prevented calcification, suggesting they could be used as possible treatment methods. There is currently no cure for ACDC, and patients have limited treatment options which focus primarily on removal of blood calcium and improving mobility.

## Cause

In ACDC, the gene NT5E, which produces the enzyme CD73, is mutated. A mutation in NT5E causes CD73 to form incorrectly. A nonsense mutation, a single nucleotide insertion, and a missense mutation have all been found to produce essentially the same inactivation of CD73. Normally, CD73 binds to adenosine monophosphate, a nucleotide in DNA, and converts it to adenosine. In affected patients, little to no CD73 was functional. The calcification of cells is caused in part by a lack of pyrophosphate, which is broken down throughout the body by tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Without pyrophosphate, calcium phosphate crystals cannot be broken down. Since the inactive CD73 is unable to produce adenosine, which inhibits TNAP, there is an increase in TNAP levels and a decrease in pyrophosphate levels.

## Treatment

The gene NT5E is related to the gene ENPP1, which when mutated is known to cause arterial calcification in infants. Treatments for the ENPP1 mutation, such as bisphosphonates, which are non-hydrolysable pyrophosphate analogs, and adenosine reuptake inhibitors, provide possible routes of treatment for the NT5E mutation, as the mechanism of both disorders are very similar.
# Robert Pulsford

Robert Pulsford (1814 – 3 June 1888) was a British Whig politician.
Baptised on 21 April 1815 at Church of St John-at-Hackney, Pulsford was the son of William Pulsford and Martha, daughter of William Hobson. He died in 1888 at Hennock, Devon, leaving £192,468 to three sons and five daughters.
Pulsford was elected a Whig Member of Parliament for Hereford at a by-election in 1841—caused by the resignation of Henry William Hobhouse—and held the seat until 1847 when he did not seek re-election.
# Dinitrobisphenol A

3,3'-Dinitrobisphenol A is an organic compound with the formula (HO(O$_2$N)C$_6$H$_3$)$_2$C(CH$_3$)$_2$. It is a yellow-orange solid prepared by nitration of bisphenol A

## Carcinogenicity

It has been proposed that dinitrobisphenol A might be formed in vivo by peroxynitrite mediated oxidations of bisphenol A and that it may exhibit higher toxicity than BPA itself. 3,3'-Dinitrobisphenol A is found to be genotoxic in male ICR mice on a micronucleus test. Its estrogenic potential is not known however it has shown some binding to estrogen-related receptor gamma to an extent.
# Q.E.D. (Terje Rypdal album)

Q.E.D. is a contemporary classical album by Norwegian jazz guitarist and composer Terje Rypdal recorded over two sessions in August and December 1991 and released on ECM in 1993. Rypdal is backed by the Borealis Ensemble conducted by Christian Eggen.

## Reception

The AllMusic review by Paul Collins awarded the album 3 stars stating "Rypdal often alternates sections of great dissonance with near silence, or lonely sustained notes by just one or two instruments. It can have the sweeping starkness of a tracking shot over a fjord, but there's a certain coldness to it as well, and even confirmed fans of his jazz work may take a while to warm up to it."
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Track listing

    All compositions by Terje Rypdal
* "Quod erat demonstrandum, Opus 52 – 1st movement" - 4:56
* "Quod erat demonstrandum, Opus 52 – 2nd movement" - 2:20
* "Quod erat demonstrandum, Opus 52 – 3rd movement" - 4:55
* "Quod erat demonstrandum, Opus 52 – 4th movement" - 4:52
* "Quod erat demonstrandum, Opus 52 – 5th movement" - 18:21
* "Largo, Opus 55" - 16:47

## Personnel

* Terje Rypdal – electric guitar
* Christian Eggen – conductor
** Borealis Ensemble
# Diathrausta picata

Diathrausta picata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1889. It is found in the north-western Himalayas and Australia.
The wingspan is about 17 mm. The wings are grey, with small blackish dots. The forewings are crossed by a black stripe and there is a small pure white spot in the cell, followed by a blackish marking. There is a white band, broken in two and bounded by a white-edged undulated discal black line. The hindwings have a marking at the end of the cell, connected by a black line. There is a short irregular white band from the costa.
# The Exploits of Solar Pons

The Exploits of Solar Pons is a collection of detective short stories by author Basil Copper. It was released in 1993 by Fedogan & Bremer in an edition of 2,000 copies of which 100 were numbered and signed by the author. The book collects stories about Solar Pons, a character originally created by August Derleth. Derleth's Pons stories are pastiches of the Sherlock Holmes stories of Arthur Conan Doyle.
Confusingly, this title had previously been used by Robson Books UK, 1975, for an omnibus edition of two Pons short story collections. However, the Robson volume is entirely distinct from the Fedogan & Bremer volume of this title by Basil Copper, since the Robson book collects two of August Derleth's original Solar Pons short story collections, The Adventures of Solar Pons (i.e. In Re: Sherlock Holmes) and The Chronicles of Solar Pons, which Robson had also published as standalone volumes in the UK in 1975.

## Contents

* "The Adventure of the Verger’s Thumb"
* "The Adventure of the Phantom Face"
* "Death at the Metropole"
* "The Adventure of the Callous Colonel"
# CBAL

CBAL may refer to:
* current balance
* CBAL-FM, a radio station (98.3 FM) licensed to Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada