OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rob Reitzen

Rob Reitzen is an American mathematician and professional gambler.

## Biography

Reitzen attended University of California, Los Angeles, where he studied mathematics and probabilities. He was initially interested in poker. However, his focus shifted to blackjack after discovering and studying Lawrence Revere's book, Playing Blackjack as a Business.
In the early 1980s, coinciding with the rise of home computing, Reitzen collaborated with a colleague who later became influential in horse betting technology in Hong Kong. Together, they utilized emerging computer technology to develop new blackjack techniques. These techniques included sophisticated card counting systems, shuffle tracking, and improved methods for memorizing card sequences.
In the early 1990s, Reitzen co-founded CORE, a company that specialized in providing financial and operational support to Native American casinos, including supplying both the bankroll and dealers for blackjack games.
Retizen also specialized in hold'em poker, developing a mathematical strategy that resulted in forming a successful team under his guidance, which achieved notable success on the Full Tilt Poker platform. Later, Reitzen developed another mathematical technique with John Wayne and Darrell Miers that was provided as a service to casinos as well as stock and futures markets.
In 1997, Reitzen's methods and achievements were notably featured in a Esquire magazine article titled "Fleecing Las Vegas." The article described his use of a technique known as "The Hammer" at the blackjack tables of Caesars Palace, where he reportedly won $500,000. "The Hammer" involved a combination of card counting, shuffle tracking, ace location, and card sequence memorization.
In 2019, Reitzen was inducted into the Blackjack Hall of Fame.
Reitzen is the founder of Random Order Inc. He is also the co-founder of StyleScan, a B2B software specializing in AI.

## Recognition

* 2019: Blackjack Hall of Fame
# George Munro

George Munro may refer to:
* George Munro, 5th Baron of Foulis, Scottish clan chief of the 13th century.
* George Munro, 10th Baron of Foulis (died 1452), Scottish clan chief.
* George Munro, 1st of Newmore (1602–1693), fought as a royalist for King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland.
* George Munro, 1st of Auchinbowie, fought as a royalist for King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland.
* George Munro, 1st of Culcairn (died 1746), fought as a royalist for King George I of Great Britain and George II of Great Britain.
* George Munro (philanthropist) (1825–1896), Canadian educator, dime novel publisher, and philanthropist
* George Campbell Munro (1866–1963), botanist and ornithologist
# The Fox, the Flies and the Hedgehog

The fable of The Fox, the Flies and the Hedgehog is ascribed to Aesop's Fables. From its beginning it was applied satirically to political leaders and is numbered 427 in the Perry Index.

## The fable

An enfeebled fox is plagued by flies, ticks or mosquitoes, of which a hedgehog offers to rid her. The fox refuses such help on the grounds that the insects have already gorged themselves on her blood and hardly trouble her now, but they would inevitably be succeeded by new swarms if removed. The fable is mentioned by Aristotle in his work on Rhetoric (II.20) as an example of Aesop's way of teaching a political lesson through a humorous example. The context in this case was said to be the trial of a demagogue; Aesop pointed out that, since self-interested politicians are a necessary evil, to replace one who has already exploited the state with others who have yet to satisfy their greed would only make the situation worse.
The reason for the fox's enfeebled state is that, while crossing a river, she has been swept into the mud on the other bank and cannot free herself. These circumstances are repeated in the neo-Latin verse of Gabriele Faerno's fable collection (1563), which closes on the sentiment
       Who seeks a ruler to reverse
       Calls in another that is worse.
Aristotle's version of the fable is also followed by Samuel Croxall in his prose collection of The Fables of Æsop (1722).
The story in La Fontaine's Fables (1694) is more or less the same, except that the fox has been wounded in the chase. La Fontaine too mentions Aristotle and the political lesson that he draws, while the circumstances are repeated in Brooke Boothby's very short poetic version. William Somervile adapted the fable more long-windedly into "The wounded man and the swarm of flies", taking sixteen lines to relate the story told of a "Lazar" (leper) and fifteen to draw the moral.
# Entylia carinata

Entylia carinata, commonly known as the keeled treehopper, is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae. They can be found in Brazil, Panama, Mexico, the United States, and Canada. Keeled treehoppers are often attended by ants which feed on the honeydew they excrete. In return, the ants offer protection from predators. Keeled treehoppers typically feed on plants in the aster family and they are not known to transmit plant diseases and are not considered significant plant pests.

## Biology
### Life cycle

As adults, keeled treehoppers spend the winter months in leaf litter and debris, finally emerging in March. They begin to reproduce and implant their eggs on aster leafs. During this time of year plants produce vulnerable growth and soft tissues which make it an optimal time to embed their eggs. Occasionally the laid eggs cause the leaf to fold over, forming a protected environment for the nymphs to develop in once they hatch.

### Behavior

Keeled treehoppers mothers exhibit parental care and spend time protecting their egg masses. They are phloem feeders, and their diet consists of liquids extracted from plants. Plant sap, while a convenient material to feed on, is lacking in many different nutrients including essential amino acids. Because their food source is so nutrient poor, keeled treehoppers rely on gut symbionts in order to supplement their diet.

### Host plants

Keeled treehoppers can be found on plants such as asters, baccharis, fleabane, goldenrod, sunflowers, oaks, dogwood, solanum, dahlias, and many more. However, they exhibit a preference for plants in the family Asteraceae.

### Geographic distribution

These insects can be found in Canada, the eastern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America.

## Morphology

Keeled treehoppers have unique saddle shaped keels, and are small and brown. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism, females are typically 1/4 of an inch (6.35 mm) long with more pronounced keels while males are smaller, and their keels less noticeable. On occasion, males appear so different that they are misidentified.

## Symbiosis

Like many other species in the family Membracidae, keeled treehoppers have ant-tending mutualism. Ants care for both nymphs and adults. The ant species known to live symbiotically with keeled treehoppers are Camponotus ferrugineus, Formica subsericea, Prenolepis imparis, Tapinoma sessile, and Camponotus pennsylvanicus. Ants feed on treehopper honeydew and assist the treehoppers fending off predators and facilitating feeding. Honeydew feeding not only benefits ants, but also prevents nymphs from becoming trapped in the sticky material and sooty molds from growing on the host plants.
# Desdemona (John's Children song)

"Desdemona" is a song by the English cult band John's Children. The song was composed by Marc Bolan, who at the time was a member of John's Children.
It was released in 1967 and failed to chart in Britain, possibly due to the fact it was banned by the BBC for the controversial lyric "lift up your skirt and fly." However, the song was a minor hit in Europe.
It was also recorded by the band Fresh, on their album, "Fresh Today" (RCA LSP-4427), in 1970. This revision was co-produced by John's Children producer Simon Napier-Bell and Ray Singer, who provided vocals.
It was later covered by Radio Stars (featuring former John's Children singer Andy Ellison) (1978) and Marsha Hunt (1969), with The Jam additionally known to have played the song live.
# The Ballad of Billie Blue

The Ballad of Billie Blue (Jailbreakin') is a Christian-themed film that stars Jason Ledger, Renny Roker, Ray Danton, and Sherry Bain. It also features Erik Estrada. A country singer who has a problem with alcohol is sent to prison for a crime he didn't commit.

## Story

A country music singer played by Jason Ledger is wrongly convicted of a crime and as a result ends up being on a Southern chain gang. Marty Allen in a serious role plays a reporter for a scandal newspaper who reports on the singer.

## Background
### Screenings

The film premiered in Grand Rapids, Michigan in February, 1972. The film opened Thursday April 20, 1972 at the Holland Theatre and was showing for a week. It was scheduled for screening at the Peoria Christian Center on Saturday, July 19, 1975. The film was showing at the Grand Theatre in July 1976. An organization called Christian Young People had the film showing at the Ottawa Technical High School at 8PM, April 26, 1979.

### Awards

The film was nominated for two Image Awards.

### Releases

The film was released on video with the title Jailbreakin'. It has also been released as Star-Crossed Roads. The video release is 78 minutes. A review by HR in 1972 running time as 107 minutes. Another source noted that a release of the film through Gateway Films had it 90 minutes.

### Reviews

Hanko Herman of The Reformed Free Publishing Association referred to it as "a filthy piece of pornography" in his article "The Christian And Movies" that appeared in Issue: 11, 3/1/1972. This was due to some of the content in the film.

## Cast

Johnny Green of Johnny Green and the Greenmen appears in the film. He band also contributed to the music.

### Cast list (listed alphabetically)

* Marty Allen ... Harvey Trip
* Sherry Bain ... Reba Stone
* Ray Danton ... Carlton Jacobs
* Erik Estrada ... Justin
* Jason Ledger ... Billie Blue
* Sherry Miles ... May Blue
* Bob Plekker ...Preacher Bob
* Renny Roker ... Al
# Byam Channel

The Byam Channel (75°15′N 105°00′W﻿ / ﻿75.250°N 105.000°W﻿ / 75.250; -105.000﻿ (Byam Channel)) is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago within Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It separates Melville Island (to the west) from Byam Martin Island (to the east). To the south it opens into the Parry Channel, and to the north are the Byam Martin Channel and Austin Channel.
* This Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Rebecca Nandwa

Rebecca Nandwa is a Kenyan writer who is best known for her children's books written in Swahili. She has been involved in a wide range of journalism and editorial work and used to be a teacher.

## Biography

After going to primary school in Western Kenya and secondary school in Limuru, she graduated from Kenyatta University with a B.Ed. Her first teaching post was at Emusire High School in 1988. She soon moved to Nairobi because she wanted to be closer to the country's publishers.
Nandwa likes writing in Swahili for children and, in this way, hopes to support traditional culture and language. She is motivated to deal with “social issues” in her stories. Chura Mcheza Ngoma, her first book, teaches the value of trusting friends, while Kiki and the Piggy Bank is about saving. Nandwa is a founder member of Angaza Writers, a group concerned with promoting integrity and good citizenship through writing. She also belongs to the National Culture and Creative Writers Association of Kenya: a “think tank that promotes local heritage and culture through writing”.
In 2013, she won a Jomo Kenyatta award in the Kiswahili Children's Category for her book Nimefufuka, and was also a nominee in 2015. She has written more than 35 books for a variety of publishers, including a few in English. Her books are recommended by the Kenyan Institute of Curriculum Development for use in educational institutions. Chura Mcheza Ngoma has featured in an International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY) online exhibition. Some of Nandwa's books are included in the Worldreader programme and her Pole Mzee Bonga was one of their “top books” for East Africa in 2014.
# Zruanduxt

Zruanduxt was a Sasanian Princess from Persia who lived in the 4th century. She became queen consort to King Khosrov IV of Armenia.

## Background

Zruanduxt was the daughter of the Sasanian King Shapur II who reigned from 309 until 379 and was the father of the Sasanian King Shapur III who reigned from 383 until 388 by a mother whose name is unknown. Zruanduxt was born and raised in Ctesiphon, the capital of the Sasanian Empire. Little is known on her life prior to marrying the King Khosrov IV of Armenia.

## Partition

In 387, from the Sasanian invasions of Armenia, led the Roman emperor Theodosius I and the Sasanian King Shapur III to negotiate into a treaty called the Peace of Acilisene. This led the whole Roman Client Armenian Kingdom to be partitioned into two empires: Western Armenia to be under Roman rule and Eastern Armenia to be under Sasanian rule. Later in 387, the last Roman Client Armenian King Arsaces III (Arshak III) who ruled in Western Armenia died leaving no heir. Western Armenia was annexed and became a province of the Byzantine Empire.
Armenians that lived in Western Armenia moved into Eastern Armenia which included many of the Nakharars. The Armenians that lived under Sasanian rule, requested to Shapur III from him an Arsacid King. Shapur III delighted from the request of the Armenians and with their consent appointed the Arsacid prince Khosrov IV as King of Armenia. After the appointment of Khosrov IV, Shapur III put a crown on the head of the youth.

## Marriage

As a sign to extend his courtesies to Sasanian Armenia, Shapur III gave his sister Zruanduxt to Khosrov IV to marry as his wife. Through marriage Zruanduxt became a Queen consort, a relation to the ruling Arsacid dynasty of Armenia and a powerful, influential woman in Armenian society. Shapur III gave to his sister with Khosrov IV a large army to protect Armenia and gave Khosrov IV a tutor called Zik.
Zruanduxt had married a King Client who was a Christian in faith, as she was a follower of the Zoroastrianism, a faith that was the official state religion of the Sasanian Empire. It's unknown whether she became a Christian in faith. Little is known on her relationship with Khosrov IV. According to modern genealogies, Zruanduxt and Khosrov IV were the parents of two sons: Tigranes and Arsaces.

## Replacements

The goodwill that existed between Khosrov IV and Shapur III didn't last, as in 388 Shapur III died. Shapur III was succeeded by his son Bahram IV, who was Zruanduxt's nephew. Sometime in 389 Bahram IV, dethroned Khosrov IV and placed him in confinement in Ctesiphon. Bahram IV considered Khosrov IV had shown too great assertiveness of his royal authority. As Bahram IV was unsatisfied with Khosrov IV, he did various acts in his kingship without consultation from the Sasanian dynasty.
Bahram IV in 389 replaced Khosrov IV, with his brother Vramshapuh as Sasanian Client King of Arsacid Armenia. The fate of Zruanduxt and their two sons after this moment is unknown.
# Solenidae

Solenidae, commonly called "razor shells", is a family of marine bivalve molluscs in the unassigned Euheterodonta.

## Taxonomy

Originally, razor shells were all classified as Solenidae. Then, the genera were grouped into two sub-families, the Cultellinae and Soleninae. Later, the two subfamilies were recognized as separate families, with Cultellinae accepted as Pharidae and the family Solenidae containing only the three genera Solen, Solena and Neosolen.

## Genera

Genera in the family Solenidae include:
* Solen Linnaeus, 1758
* Solena Mörch, 1853
* Neosolen Ghosh, 1920
# Beverly, Missouri

Beverly is an unincorporated community in Platte County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is within the Kansas City metropolitan area.
The community is located at the confluence of Bee Creek with the Missouri River Floodplain. Missouri Route 92 and Missouri Route 45 pass through the community. Platte City lies four miles to the east on Route 92. Weston Bend State Park is just to the north on Route 45.

## History

A variant name was "Beverly Station". A post office called Beverly Station was established in 1874, the name was changed to Beverly in 1946, and the post office closed in 1960. The community was named after one Mr. Beverly, a railroad employee.
# George Upham

George Upham may refer to:
* George B. Upham (1768–1848), U.S. Representative from New Hampshire
* George W. Upham (1862–1907), Canadian politician in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
# Dickson Ekhaguere

Dickson Ekhaguere is a Nigerian author, playwright and entrepreneur who serves as a director at Tryspect Solutions, a writing and publishing company. He is best known for his work titled Unstable, and Nigerian Superheores (The Legend of The Spirit of Nigeria)

## Life and career

Born and raised in the ancient city of Benin, Ekhaguere is a graduate of the University of Benin, Edo State. Most notable among his works is Unstable, winner of the 2015 Association of Nigerian Authors award for Drama, which became an accepted text in a variety of institutions of learning, including Universities and Colleges of Education. He is also a public speaker, voice actor, songwriter and singer. His sensational song titled "Unstable" became the theme song for the Theater production of his play Unstable directed by Ben Tomoloju, featuring a cast of theatre veterans such as Tina Mba, Olu Okenkanye, Ropo Eweala, Bassey Okon and many others. In 2017, Dickson's unpublished play "General Ologbosere" was Runner-up winner of the Association of Nigerian Authors award; in the same year, his song titled "HAPPY" was also awarded Best Pop Single by Hot Sound Music Award.
In 2018, Dickson's work UNSTABLE was long listed in the NLNG Nigeria Prize for Literature. Dickson lives in Lagos.
# Endograptis

Endograptis is a genus of moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It contains only one species, Endograptis pyrrhoptila, which is found on Samoa.
# Deputy assistant commissioner

Deputy assistant commissioner (DAC), formally Deputy Assistant Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, is a rank in London's Metropolitan Police Service between assistant commissioner and commander. It is equivalent to deputy chief constable in other British police forces and wears the same insignia: a pip above crossed tipstaves within a wreath.
The rank was introduced in 1919 as an intermediate rank between assistant commissioner and (the Metropolitan Police rank of) chief constable. Deputy assistant commissioners were always warranted constables, as opposed to the higher ranks who were instead sworn as magistrates. In 1946 the rank was split, with senior DACs continuing to hold the rank and junior DACs (the four district commanders and the deputy to the assistant commissioner "C" in the Criminal Investigation Department) being regraded to the new rank of commander.
The rank was abolished on 1 April 1995 following recommendations made in the Sheehy Report, later confirmed by the Police Act 1996, although officers already holding the rank could continue to hold it. Senior commanders were in the meantime sometimes given the designation "deputy to assistant commissioner". The Home Office officially reintroduced the rank on 1 January 2002 under the terms of the Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001.
All the deputy assistant commissioners initially held senior staff jobs at Scotland Yard. In 1933, command of the four Districts, formerly held by chief constables, was given to deputy assistant commissioners, with the chief constables remaining as their deputies. District commanders were regraded to commander in 1946, but later regained DAC rank, holding it until 1995, by which time there were eight areas (as the districts had been renamed). These were reorganised into five and handed over to the assistant commissioners.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 4 Martin Fido, The Official Encyclopedia of Scotland Yard, 1999
* 1 2 "New Ranks For Police Officers: District And Deputy Commanders", The Times, 18 March 1946
* ↑ "Police Reform: The Government Proposals", The Times, 12 May 1933
* ↑ "Reorganization Of Police: Lord Trenchard's Scheme Complete", The Times, 27 September 1933
# Deoxygenation

Deoxygenation is a chemical reaction involving the removal of oxygen atoms from a molecule. The term also refers to the removal of molecular oxygen (O$_2$) from gases and solvents, a step in air-free technique and gas purifiers. As applied to organic compounds, deoxygenation is a component of fuels production as well a type of reaction employed in organic synthesis, e.g. of pharmaceuticals.

## Deoxygenation of C-O bonds
### With replacement by H$_2$

The main examples involving the replacement of an oxo group by two hydrogen atoms (A=O → AH$_2$) are hydrogenolysis. Typical examples use metal catalysts and H$_2$ as the reagent. Conditions are typically more forcing than hydrogenation.
Stoichiometric reactions that effect deoxygenation include the Wolff–Kishner reduction for aryl ketones. The replacement of a hydroxyl group by hydrogen (A-OH → A-H) is the point of the Barton–McCombie deoxygenation and the Markó–Lam deoxygenation.

### Biomass valorization

Deoxygenation is an important goal of the conversion of biomass to useful fuels and chemicals. Partial deoxygenation is effected by dehydration and decarboxylation.

### Other routes

Oxygen groups can also be removed by the reductive coupling of ketones, as illustrated by the McMurry reaction.
Epoxides can be deoxygenated using the oxophilic reagent produced by combining tungsten hexachloride and n-butyllithium generates the alkene. This reaction can proceed with loss or retention of configuration.
    Deoxygenation of trans-cyclododecene oxide, which occurs with retention.

## Deoxygenation of S-O and P-O bonds
### N=O bonds

Nitroaromatics are deoxygenated by strongly reducing silyl reagents such as N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4,4'-bipyridinylidene.

### P=O bonds

Phosphorus occurs in nature as oxides, so to produce elemental form of the element, deoxygenation is required. The main method involves carbothermic reduction (i.e., carbon is the deoxygenation agent).
    4 Ca$_5$(PO$_4$)$_3$F + 18 SiO$_2$ + 30 C → 3 P$_4$ + 30 CO + 18 CaSiO$_3$ + 2 CaF$_2$
Oxophilic main group compounds are useful reagents for certain deoxygenations conducted on laboratory scale. The highly oxophilic reagent hexachlorodisilane (Si$_2$Cl$_6$) stereospecifically deoxygenates phosphine oxides.

### S=O bonds

A chemical reagent for the deoxygenation of many sulfur and nitrogen oxo compounds is the combination trifluoroacetic anhydride/sodium iodide. For example, in the deoxygenation of the sulfoxide diphenylsulfoxide to the sulfide diphenylsulfide:
The reaction mechanism is based on the activation of the sulfoxide by a trifluoroacetyl group and oxidation of iodine. Iodine is formed quantitatively in this reaction and therefore the reagent is used for the analytical detection of many oxo compounds.
# Bystrzyk

Bystrzyk is a part of the Szczecin City, Poland situated on the left bank of Oder river, north of the Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town.
# Limnonectes cintalubang

Limnonectes cintalubang is a species of fanged frogs in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to western Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo), and is only known from two locations. It is closely related to Limnonectes hikidai.
Limnonectes cintalubang occurs in secondary forest with mixed bamboo and broad-leaf trees. They can be found near burrows that they use to hide when disturbed. Reproduction probably takes place in streams.