OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ergamenes

Ergamenes is the hellenized name of a Nubian king of Meroë reported by Agatharchides in Diodorus Siculus (3.2.6, FHN II No. 142). According to this account, Ergamenes reigned in Meroë during the friendly Egyptian reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus to Ptolemy IV Philopator, was instructed in Greek philosophy, favored Greek art and its way of life, although it could be rather intended as a cultural influence from a Ptolemaic-governed Egypt. He resented the tradition of ancient Egypt and the Ethiopian priests' control over the King's power and preferred the absolute power of his neighbor, Ptolemy II:
   A death of the kings, is still more extra-ordinary. The priests at Meroë have acquired great power. When they form a resolution, they send a courier to the king, with an order to him to die. They tell him that the gods (or oracles) had thus decreed, and that he would be guilty of crime if he violated an order from them. They added many other reasons, which would easily influence a simple man, aware of ancient custom, and who has no strength of the mind sufficient to resist such an unjust command. The first kings submitted to this cruel sentence. Ergamenes, who reigned at the time of the second Ptolemy, and who was instructed in the philosophy of Greece, was the first who dared to throw off this ridiculous yoke. He went with his army to the place difficult to get to, or fortress, when was formally the temple of gold of the Ethiopians, and caused all the priests to be massacred, and instituted himself a new religion.

## Identification

Ergamenes was tentatively identified with many archaeologically known king of Meroë, above all two kings with similar names, Arakamani and Arqamani. This situation has led to cause these two kings to be called Ergamenes I (Arakamani) and Ergamenes II (Arqamani). Although it is possible that – in a way similar to the semi-mythological Sesostris – Greeks conflated several rulers into a single figure named Ergamenes, Egyptologist Fritz Hintze and Meroitologist László Török believes that the original Ergamenes should be identified with Arakamani.
# Codex Augiensis

Codex Augiensis, designated by F$^p$ or 010 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 1029 (von Soden) is a 9th-century diglot uncial manuscript of the Pauline Epistles in double parallel columns of Greek and Latin on the same page.

## Description

The codex contains 136 parchment leaves (23 cm by 19 cm), with some gaps in the Greek (Romans 1:1-3:19, 1 Corinthians 3:8-16, 6:7-14, Colossans 2:1-8, Philemon 21–25, Hebrews). Hebrews is given in Latin only. It is written in two columns per page, 28 lines per page.

## Text
### Textual character

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Western text-type. According to Kurt and Barbara Aland it agrees with the Byzantine standard text 43 times, and 11 times with the Byzantine when it has the same reading as the original text. It agrees 89 times with the original text against the Byzantine. It has 70 independent or distinctive readings. Alands placed it in Category II.

### Textual features

In Romans 12:11 it reads καιρω for κυριω, the reading of the manuscript is supported by Codex Claromontanus*, Codex Boernerianus 5 it $^{d,g}$, Origen$^{lat}$.
In 1 Corinthians 2:4 the Latin text supports reading πειθοι σοφιας (plausible wisdom), as 35 and Codex Boernerianus (Latin text).
In 1 Corinthians 7:5 it reads τη προσευχη (prayer) along with 𝔓$^{11}$, 𝔓$^{46}$, א*, A, B, C, D, G, P, Ψ, 6, 33, 81, 104, 181, 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth. Other manuscripts read τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (fasting and prayer) or τη προσευχη και νηστεια (prayer and fasting) – 330, 451, John of Damascus.
The section 1 Cor 14:34-35 is placed after 1 Cor 14:40, like other manuscripts of the Western text-type (Claromontanus, Boernerianus, 88, it$^{d,g}$, and some manuscripts of Vulgate).

### Relationship to Codex Boernerianus

The Greek text of both manuscripts is almost the same; the Latin text differs. Also, lacunae omissions are paralleled to the sister manuscript Codex Boernerianus. According to Griesbach, Augiensis was recopied from Boernerianus. According to Tischendorf, two codices were recopied from the same manuscript. Scrivener enumerated 1982 differences between these two codices. Among textual scholars, there is a tendency to prefer Augiensis above Boernerianus. The codex is also similar to Codex Claromontanus, and again scholars favour the readings in Augiensis above those in Claromontanus.

## History

Codex Augiensis is named after the monastery of Augia Dives in Lake Constance. In 1718 Richard Bentley (1662–1742) was its owner. The Greek text of the codex was edited by Scrivener in 1859. It was examined, described, and collated by Tischendorf. E. M. Thompson edited a facsimile.
The codex today is located in the library of Trinity College (Cat. number: B. XVII. 1) in Cambridge.
# Kotla Nihang Khan

Kotla Nihang Khan is a suburb town of Ropar city in Punjab, India. It is famed as the erstwhile principality of the seventeenth-century Pathan zamindar ruler, Nihang Khan, who was an associate of the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh.

## Indus Valley Civilization Site

Kotla Nihang Khan is also a major archeological site associated with the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization, dating to the 3300-1300 BCE period. Several underground structures, including a furnace dating to the Bronze Age, were unearthed here. Kotla Nihang Khan's initial settlement has been dated to 2200 BCE based on analysis of excavated artifacts. The excavated area here shows two distinct sectors: an eastern sector where pottery remains are indicative of Urban Harappan Culture, and a western sector where Urban Harappan artifacts are found mixed with Bara Ware. This is believed to indicate coexistence or a transition between the original Harappan inhabitants and the later Baran settlers at the settlement.

## Gurdwara Bhatha Sahib

This place is famous for a historical Gurdwara Bhatha Sahib. Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, visited this place in 1688 during their return from Anandpur Sahib and stayed there where there was a brick kilan known as a Bhatha in vernacular Punjabi language. Later, the Gurdwara was built in memory of the visit of the Guru which came to be known as Bhatha Sahib.

## Kotla Nihang Khan Fort

There is a fort in the village known as Kotla Nihang Khan Fort which was built by the then Afghan Zimindar ruler Nihang Khan who ruled over 80 villages in the 17 Century.
# Springfield Local School District

Springfield Local School District may refer to any of three districts in Ohio, US:
* Springfield Local School District (Lucas County)
* Springfield Local School District (Mahoning County), Mahoning County
* Springfield Local School District (Summit County)
# Fort Winiary

Fort Winiary was part of Festung Posen ("Fortress Poznań"), a system of defensive fortifications around the Polish city of Poznań.

## Origins

Fort Winiary was first constructed under Prussian rule in the 19th century. It was the main fort in that system, and was among the first elements to be constructed. Detailed plans were approved on 21 February 1829, and the name "Fort Winiary" soon came to be applied, as the fort was situated on a hill where there were two villages called Winiary (the name alluding to the vine cultivation which had once taken place there). The fort would later become popularly known as Poznań's citadel (cytadela).
On 10 October 1829 an order was made restricting civilian building in a strip in front of the planned fort. In May and June 1830, the villages of Winiary and the nearby Bonin farm were evacuated, the inhabitants being moved to an area to the north-west (Neu Winiary). This is the neighbourhood known as Winiary today, part of the city's Jeżyce district (there is also an estate there named Bonin).
The fort had a main reduit (Kernwerk) on the southern (city) side, flanked by four redoubts (Redoute I and Redoute II to the west; Redoute IV and Redoute III to the east). At the eastern and western extremes were Ravelin I and Ravelin IV. The northern side of the fort consisted of (from west to east) Bastion I, Ravelin II, Bastion II, Ravelin III and Bastion III. The first and third redoubt were the first to be completed, in 1830, and the main réduit was finished in 1832. In 1834 three infantry battalions were garrisoned there. The third and fourth ravelins were finished in 1838 and 1839, completing the fort.
On 15 October 1856 the bastions were renamed Bastion Johann, Bastion Leopold and Bastion Ludwig, these being the forenames of the chief architect of Festung Posen and of the fort itself, Johann Leopold Ludwig Brese (later von Brese–Winiary).
Between 1865 and 1873 work was done to reinforce the fort's powder stores (Kriegs-Pulver-Magazin No. 1 and No. 2). In the early 1890s an artillery laboratory (Spezial-Kriegs-Laboratorium) was built within the fort.

## 20th century

In 1903 a telegraph station was added. The fort was further reinforced in 1910.
Unlike the bulk of the city's inner fortifications, Fort Winiary was not demolished during the early twentieth century. It served as the German army's last point of resistance in the Battle of Poznań (1945), and was finally taken by the Red Army on 23 February 1945. The main redoubt was seriously damaged in the fighting.
After the war, the fort was the site of public executions by hanging. The very last of these was that of the German SS functionary Arthur Greiser.
In the period 1963-1970 the Fort was developed into the city's Park Cytadela. Most of the fortifications were demolished, although some structures were preserved. The site is listed as one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated November 28, 2008, along with other portions of the city's historic core. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland.
# Dimov

Dimov may refer to:
* Dimov (surname)
* Ivan Dimov (village) in Bulgaria
* Dimov Gate in Antarctica
# Ralph Kellard

Ralph Kellard (June 16, 1883 - 1955) was an actor in the U.S. who appeared in theatrical productions and films. His film work included leading roles in several films such as The Shielding Shadow (1916), The Restless Sex (1920) and The Cost (film). His son Robert Kellard also became an actor. His other son, Thomas Kellard was also an actor and then became a Vice President at Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction in Seattle, Washington. Ralph's grandson's from Thomas, Phil and Rick Kellard, are both television writers and producers. His great grandson, Matthew Kellard is a screenwriter.
He was born Thomas J. J. Kelly in New York City.
Kellard was referred to as a popular local matinee idol of the Auditorium Stock Company in Kansas when he returned on screen in a showing of The Cost (film) in 1920. In 1915 Kellard was voted the second most handsome film star, and shown in a photograph of "this month's prominent film stars" in Motion Picture Classic.
Kellard appeared in the French language publication Mon Ciné on June 28, 1923. Images of Kellard are available at GettyImages, The Wisconsin Historical Society, and The Silent Film Still Archive.
Kellard ate a mostly fruit diet and caused slip and fall problems leaving fruit peels and other bits of fruit waste around studio sets.

## Theater

* The Warrens of Virginia (play) (1907), as Gen. Carr
* Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (play) (1907)
* The Second Tanqueray starring Tallulah Bankhead at the Amerhurst Drama Festival in 1940.
* The Skin of Our Teeth (1942)

## Filmography

* Her Mother's Secret (1915)
* The Precious Parcel (1916)
* The Shielding Shadow (1916), a serial
* Pearl of the Army (1916), a serial, as Captain
* The Hillcrest Mystery (1918), as Gordon Brett
* A Scream in the Night (1919)
* The Restless Sex (1920), as Jim Cleland
* The Cost (film) (1920), as John Dumont
* The Master Mind (1920 film), as Wainwright
* Veiled Marriage (1920)
* Love, Hate and a Woman (1921)
* Who's Cheating? (1924), Larry Fields
* Virtuous Liars (1924), as Jack Banton
* Women Everywhere (1930), as Michael Kopulos
# Ergen

Ergen is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charlie Ergen (born 1953), American businessman
* Gülben Ergen (born 1972), Turkish singer and actress
* Mehmet Ergen, British theatre director, producer, and entrepreneur
# Cluny Crichton Castle

Cluny Crichton Castle (also known as Clounie Crighton Castle) is a ruined 3-story tower house on the southern slopes of the Hill of Fare in Aberdeenshire, 4 km (2.5 miles) north of Banchory and 6.5 km (4 miles) east of Torphins.

## History

In 1572 Robert Crichton of Cluny married Agnes Mowbray (d. 1575), a daughter of the Laird of Barnbougle, her older sisters Barbara and Gilles Mowbray were servants of Mary, Queen of Scots in England. Crichton wrote to his kinsman James Menzies of Weem to send wild fowls and aquavitae (whisky) for the wedding at Barnbougle. He expected his new bride to look after his young daughters from a previous marriage, and was proud of his choice, "she has many good qualities in weaving, sewing and other handicrafts, wherein she may be helpful to your daughters and mine." She died two years later, after having a daughter Agnes Crichton.
The granite castle was built in 1666 in a modified L-plan design. Little is known of the history of the castle. It was built by George Crichton shortly after his marriage to the only daughter of Sir Robert Douglas of Tilquhillie.

## Modern day

The castle has since fallen into ruin with some stones being taken for construction of nearby farmsteads. The castle now stands in agricultural land on the Cluny Crichton Farm. It has been listed by Historic Environment Scotland as a Category B listed building and has also been categorised by the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland as at a high level of risk.
# San Cristóbal de Entreviñas

San Cristóbal de Entreviñas is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,645 inhabitants.
# Claro River (Laja)

The Claro River is a river of Chile.
# Denis Gavini

Denis Gavini (8 October 1820, Campile, Haute-Corse - 2 March 1916) was a French Bonapartist politician. He was a member of the National Legislative Assembly from 1849 to 1851, of the National Assembly from 1871 to 1876 and of the Chamber of Deputies from 1876 to 1885. He sat with the Appel au peuple parliamentary group.
# Edward Henry Potthast

Edward Henry Potthast (June 10, 1857 – March 9, 1927) was an American Impressionist painter. He is known for his paintings of people at leisure in Central Park, and on the beaches of New York and New England.

## Life and work

Edward Henry Potthast was born on June 10, 1857, in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Henry Ignatz Potthast and Bernadine Scheiffers. Starting in 1870 he studied art at the McMicken School in Cincinnati and in 1873 he started working at the Strobridge Lithography Company. From June 10, 1879, to March 9, 1881, Potthast studied under Thomas Satterwhite Noble, a retired Confederate army captain who had studied with Thomas Couture in Paris. Potthast later studied at the Royal Academy in Munich with the American-born instructor Carl Marr. After returning to Cincinnati in 1885 he resumed his studies with Noble. In 1886, he departed for Paris, where he studied with Fernand Cormon. In 1895 he relocated to New York City and remained there until his death in 1927.
Until the age of thirty-nine Potthast earned a living as a lithographer. The purchase of one of his paintings by the Cincinnati Museum of Art may have encouraged him to abandon lithography for a career as a fine artist. His paintings retained the subdued colors and strong contrasts of the Munich school until he adopted the Impressionist palette late in his career.
After his arrival in New York Potthast worked as a magazine illustrator, and exhibited regularly at the National Academy of Design, the Society of American Artists and the Salmagundi Club, winning numerous prizes. By 1908 he was installed in a studio in the Gainsborough Building. Thereafter he painted sun-saturated images of Central Park, New England landscapes, and the Long Island beach scenes for which he is best remembered.
His work is included in many major museums in the United States, including the Orlando Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum, the Cape Ann Museum, the Delaware Art Museum, the University of Michigan Museum of Art, the Phoenix Art Museum, the Nasher Museum of Art, and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.

## Gallery

* Edward Henry Potthast Coney Island, c. 1914
* Edward Henry Potthast Summer day, Brighton Beach
* Edward Henry Potthast A July Day, oil, 1914
* Edward Henry Potthast Happy Days, oil on panel, c. 1910–1920
# Cinema Vox

Cinema Vox may refer to:
* Cinema Vox (Casablanca), a former cinema in Casablanca, Morocco.
* Cinema Vox (Tangier), a former cinema in Tangier, Morocco.
# Robin Peckham

Robin Peckham is an arts writer, gallerist and curator based in Hong Kong. In 2011, Peckham founded the Saamlung Gallery in Hong Kong, which closed two years later. He is the youngest exhibitor to be included in the Art Futures portion of the 2012 Hong Kong International Art Fair and has been featured as one of today's top young Chinese arts professionals.

## Biography

He studied Modern Culture and Media at Brown University and Media Art Histories at Danube University Krems. Peckam has worked as director of Boers-Li gallery in Beijing, curator for Hong Kong-based curatorial office Kunsthalle Kowloon, and project associate to the Long March Space, one of Beijing’s first non-profit art platforms. In 2008, he created the Society for Experimental Cultural Production, a curatorial office and editorial team.

## Saamlung

Peckham's Saamlung Gallery opened in 2011 and was lauded as one of the best up-and-coming galleries in Hong Kong. The gallery presented work by emerging and historically significant artists from greater China and around the world through solo projects, thematic group exhibitions, publications, and other satellite events. Shows staged included architectural drawings by Charles LaBelle, street calligraphy by the "King of Kowloon" Tsang Tsou Choi, and machinic light sculptures by Matt Hope. Other artists shown included Nadim Abbas, João Vasco Paiva, and Adrian Wong. The gallery closed in January 2013: "the quality of the local audience and collector base for the underexposed artists he championed had “failed to improve” and “even seemed to be weakening”.

## Writing and publications

Peckham's writing, translation, and editorial work is published in Artforum, Ran Dian, Pipeline, Yishu, LEAP, and ArtSlant, and recent book-length publications include monographs on Zhang Peili and MAP Office.
# Dingfelder's Delicatessen

Dingfelder's Delicatessen is a restaurant in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood, in the U.S. state of Washington.

## Description

The Jewish deli Dingfelder's operates in a brick building in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood. The menu has included bagels and corned beef and pastrami sandwiches.
For Hanukkah, the business has served latkes. For Passover, the delicatessen has served brisket, brisket gravy, whole roasted kosher lemon chicken, chicken soup, potato kugels, and smoked salmon, with mushroom barley, split pea, and cabbage soup as vegan options. The deli has also had a special menu for Rosh Hashanah.

## History

Dingfelder's began operating in 2018. Owners have included Vance Dingfelder and Stephanie Hemsworth.
# Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete

Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete/A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics is a series of scholarly monographs published by Springer Science+Business Media. The title literally means "Results in mathematics and related areas". Most of the books were published in German or English, but there were a few in French and Italian. There have been several sequences, or Folge: the original series, neue Folge, and 3.Folge.

## Original series

The series started in 1932 with publication of Knotentheorie by Kurt Reidemeister as "Band 1" (English: volume 1). There seems to have been double numeration in this sequence.

## Neue Folge

This sequence started in 1950 with the publication of Transfinite Zahlen by Heinz Bachmann. The volumes are consecutively numbered, designated as either "Band" or "Heft". A total of 100 volumes was published, often in multiple editions, but preserving the original numbering within the series.
The ISSN for this sequence is 0071-1136. As of February 2008, P. R. Halmos, P. J. Hilton, R. Remmert, and B. Szökefalvi-Nagy are listed on the series' website as the editors of the defunct 2. Folge.

## 3. Folge

This sequence started in 1983 with the publication of Galois module structure of algebraic integers by Albrecht Fröhlich.
As of February 2008, the editor-in-chief is R. Remmert.
# Cogenerator

Cogenerator may refer to:
* Cogeneration, simultaneous generation of heat and electricity
* Injective cogenerator, in mathematics
* More generally, cogenerator is the dual of a generator of a category.
* An operator in the dilation theorem for contraction semigroups
# George Peake (inventor)

George Peake (c. 1722 – 1827) was an African American inventor who invented a hand mill for grinding grain.

## Life

Peake was born in Maryland in about 1722, lived in Pennsylvania, and later, in 1809, settled in the area that became Cleveland, Ohio. Peake bought a farm on the settlement's outskirts. He may have been the city's first African American resident. He reportedly fought with the British in the French and Indian War before deserting.
Peake married a woman from Maryland and had four sons, two of whom came with him to Cleveland and two more that followed later. Joseph Peake, a notable Cleveland farmer, was his son.

## Inventions

Peake invented a hand mill for grinding grain and corn. His mill was found to be easier to use than a mortar and pestle.
# Classic Christmas (Johnny Cash album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
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| Allmusic | |
Classic Christmas is the third Christmas album and 65th overall album by American country singer Johnny Cash, released on Columbia Records in 1980 (see 1980 in music). Unlike The Christmas Spirit or Family Christmas, none of the songs are originals; all are traditional Christmas songs. It is the third full-length Christmas album by Cash. A fourth Christmas album Country Christmas recorded and released in 1991 for the Delta Music label featuring rerecordings of many of the songs on Classic Christmas.

## Personnel

* Johnny Cash - vocals, arrangements
* The Bill Walker Orchestra - orchestra
* The Bill Walker Choir - chorus
* Bill Walker - arrangements, conductor

### Technical

* Ron Reynolds - engineer
* Elizabeth Barker White - cover art