OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Centroleninae

Centroleninae is one of two subfamilies of the family Centrolenidae. It has nine genera distributed in Central America from Honduras south and east to northern and central South America. As of mid 2015, it contains 117 species.

## Taxonomy

Centroleninae are defined based on molecular and morphological characteristics, none of which are obvious to a naked eye. However, in several species a fighting behaviour that might be synapomorphy has been observed: males dangle by their feet and grapple venter-to-venter; amplexus-like or wrestling on leaves fighting of Hyalinobatrachinae is hypothesized to be primitive behaviour. Their sister taxon is ambiguous, it is either genus Ikakogi or subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae.

## Genera

There are nine genera:
* Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 (29 sp.)
* Chimerella Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (2 sp.)
* Cochranella Taylor, 1951 (9 sp.)
* Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (5 sp.)
* Nymphargus Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2007 (38 sp.)
* Rulyrana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (6 sp.)
* Sachatamia Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (5 sp.)
* Teratohyla Taylor, 1951 (5 sp.)
* Vitreorana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (10 sp.)
Several species have uncertain generic placement and are placed in Centroleninae Incertae Sedis, awaiting for more information:
* "Centrolene" acanthidiocephalum (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1989)
* "Centrolene" azulae (Flores and McDiarmid, 1989)
* "Centrolene" guanacarum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
* "Centrolene" medemi (Cochran and Goin, 1970)
* "Centrolene" petrophilum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991
* "Centrolene" quindianum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
* "Centrolene" robledoi Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
* "Cochranella" duidaeana (Ayarzagüena, 1992)
* "Cochranella" euhystrix (Cadle and McDiarmid, 1990)
* "Cochranella" geijskesi (Goin, 1966)
* "Cochranella" megista (Rivero, 1985)
* "Cochranella" ramirezi Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991
* "Cochranella" riveroi (Ayarzagüena, 1992)
* "Cochranella" xanthocheridia Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
The AmphibiaWeb includes Ikakogi Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 in this subfamily, whereas it is not included in any subfamily in the Amphibian Species of the World.
# Andre Hartman

Andre Hartman (born in Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa, 9 August 1953) is a South African diving guide best known for his work with great white sharks. In a Discovery Channel documentary known as "Great White Sharks: Uncaged" he is filmed free-diving unprotected with several great white sharks.
He is also seen free-diving with a white shark along with Jean-Michel Cousteau in one of Cousteau's documentaries, where he shows Jean-Michel how to grab a ride on the shark's dorsal fin. Another video, from Tow Surfing Adventures, shows Andre not only free-diving with a white, but petting it as it swims by, and even touching its nose as it opens its mouth toward him.
Hartman also appeared on an episode of MTV's "Wildboyz", in which Steve-O and Chris Pontius jumped off a boat with a great white shark. Hartman also did a trip with Steve Irwin off Gansbaai, South Africa in 2004. In February 2004, while chumming the waters during a cage-diving expedition, Andre's foot was bitten by a great white shark as they dangled over the edge of his boat. The South African newspapers claimed that Andre was free-diving with the sharks in the chummed water at the time of the incident, which is illegal in South Africa. The actual sequence of events that took place are disputed. Andre's foot never fully recovered.
# Nannotinea

Nannotinea is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tineidae.

## Species

* Nannotinea holovalva Gozmány, 1968
* Nannotinea simplex Gozmány, 1966
# Anders Banke

Anders Banke (born 2 August 1969) is a Swedish director. He was born and raised in Ystad and developed an early interest in film. He was trained as a director at VGIK in Moscow and learned to speak Russian. There he met his friend and future collaborator Chris Maris. In 1998 he came across a horror comedy script written by Daniel Ojanlatva about a town north of the Arctic Circle being terrorized by vampires. Banke loved the idea and spent several years developing it with Ojanlatva. Since the Swedish Film Institute doesn't often approve of horror films or genre movies in general, Banke had a hard time pulling the film off. In the end, got funding from the Swedish Film Institute needed to attract other producers to the project in 2004 and production could begin. The film was Sweden's first vampire film.
The film did not hit at the box office as he thought it would, but became by far the most popular Swedish film that year, being sold to over 40 countries, which is far above the average of Swedish films. The success was especially big in Russia where it reached cult status and became the most profitable independent film of that year in Russia. The success led to Banke being offered the job of directing a remake of the Hong Kong film Breaking News, Gorjacije novosti or Newsmakers.
Anders Banke will direct a new Swedish horror comedy written by Daniel Ojanlatva called Ond Bråd Sommar. According to the writer of the movie the film will be filmed in 2012 or 2013.
Banke will direct a 16-part black comedy-horror TV-series called Chernobyl for Russian National TV channel TNT. Shooting starts summer 2012.

## Works

* Frostbite (2006)
* Newsmakers (2009)
* Chernobyl: Zone of Exclusion (2014)
* Warg (2016)
* Enemy Lines (2020)
# Centrin 2

Centrin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CETN2 gene. It belongs to the centrin family of proteins.
Centrin-2 belongs to a family of calcium-binding proteins and is a structural component of the centrosome. The high level of conservation from algae to humans and its association with the centrosome suggested that centrin-2 plays a fundamental role in the structure and function of the microtubule-organizing center, possibly required for the proper duplication and segregation of the centrosome.

## Interactions

CETN2 has been shown to interact with XPC and SFI1.
# Centrilobular necrosis

Centrilobular necrosis (CN) is a nonspecific histopathological observation brought on by hepatotoxins like acetaminophen (paracetamol), thioacetamide, tetrachloride, cardiac hepatopathy due to acute right sided cardiac failure, and congestive hepatic injury in veno-occlusive disease, or hypoxic injury due to ischemia. Centrilobular necrosis can also be found in those with autoimmune hepatitis. Centrilobular necrosis is characterized by necrotic hepatocytes completely encircling the central vein.

## Outlook

After a single or brief exposure to a toxicant, hepatocytes that have suffered centrilobular necrosis typically heal quickly; the liver can regain its normal appearance under a microscope in about a week. Nevertheless, fibrosis, which may be slight, occurs in the previously necrotic zone surrounding the central vein when regeneration replaces the necrotic hepatocytes if sinusoidal cells and the normal scaffolding are destroyed.
# Centrifuge (disambiguation)

A centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force to separate its components.
Centrifuge may also refer to:
* Various types of centrifuges
** Laboratory centrifuge, a laboratory equipment which spins liquid samples at high speed
** Peeler centrifuge, a device that performs by rotating filtration basket in an axis
** Gas centrifuge, a device that performs isotope separation of gases
** Zippe-type centrifuge, a gas centrifuge designed to enrich the rare fissile isotope uranium-235
** Decanter centrifuge, a device that employs a high rotational speed to separate components of different densities
** Large diameter centrifuge, any centrifuge extending several meters
** Ultracentrifuge, a centrifuge optimized for spinning a rotor at very high speeds
** Solid bowl centrifuge, a type of centrifuge that uses the principle of sedimentation
** Conical plate centrifuge, a type of centrifuge which provides a parallel configuration of centrifugation spaces
** Screen scroll centrifuge, a filtering or screen centrifuge
** Pusher centrifuge, a type of filtration technique
* The machine used for high-g training of aviators by simulating g-force
* Centrifuge (camps), a series of Christian summer camps
* Spin (physics), the spin direction in quantum mechanics
* Various manufacturing techniques:
** Centrifugal casting (industrial), a casting technique typically used to cast large thin-walled cylinders such as pipes
** Centrifugal casting (silversmithing), a casting technique typically used to make small, highly detailed forms
** Spin casting, a technique to produce small, detailed castings
** Spin casting (mirrors) a technique for constructing large parabolic mirrors
* Centrifuge Accommodations Module, a cancelled element of the International Space Station
# Centrocalia

Centrocalia is a genus of South Pacific white tailed spiders that was first described by Norman I. Platnick in 2000. As of May 2019 it contains only three species, all found in New Caledonia: C. chazeaui, C. lifoui, and C. ningua.
# Ceromitia benedicta

Ceromitia benedicta is a species of moth of the family Adelidae. It was first described in 1918 by Edward Meyrick and is known from South Africa.

## Description

The species was described from a single male specimen caught in Pretoria in December. Edward Meyrick gave the specimen's appearance as follows:
   Head yellow-ochreous. Palpi very short, loosely scaled, grey-whitish. Thorax pale ochreous. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa anteriorly slightly, posteriorly moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded; all veins separate; pale greyish-ochreous; costal edge dark grey towards base: cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings with 5 and 6 approximated at base; grey; cilia whitish-grey
# Andrew Streitwieser

Andrew Streitwieser was an American chemist known for his contributions to physical organic chemistry.
Streitwieser was born in 1927 in Buffalo, New York and he grew up in New York City. He attended Columbia College and then Columbia University where he earned a PhD in the research group of William von Eggers Doering in 1952. He then was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of John D. Roberts at MIT. He has been Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley since 1953.
Streitwieser was one of the pioneers of molecular orbital theory and his book Molecular Orbital Theory for Organic Chemists had a lasting impact on the field. He is also well-known for proposing the currently accepted interpretation of the origin of secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects. Streitwieser developed the technique of using protium/deuterium exchange to measure the acidity of exceedingly weak carbon acids and was a codeveloper of the MSAD acidity scale, named for the first initials of the chemists who developed it. His Chemical Reviews article titled "Solvolytic Displacement Reactions at Saturated Carbon" was influential in the field of physical organic chemistry. Streitwieser is also the author of the widely used university textbook Introduction to Organic Chemistry (4th revised ed., 1998, with Heathcock and Kosower, ISBN 0139738509, German translation, Organische Chemie, ISBN 3527258108), as well as the autobiography A Lifetime of Synergy With Theory and Experiment (ISBN 0841218366).
Streitwieser was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1969 and was an American Chemical Society Fellow. He is the recipient of the ACS Award in Petroleum Chemistry (1967), James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry (1982), the Guggenheim Fellowship (1968), the Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award (1989), and the Roger Adams Award (2009).
# Central Lapland Greenstone Belt

The Central Lapland Greenstone Belt (CLGB) is a greenstone belt located in the northern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The region belongs to Lapland, northern Finland. The CLGB is part of a much larger belt of Paleoproterozoic greenstones, a cover of metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks that cover the Archean basement, the latter which is representative of the Archaean Karelian craton. Deposition of the cover sequence occurred between about 2.5 Ga and 1.8 Ga, thus it preserves information about Earth's history from a period that encompass about 700 Ma.
Thus, the CLGB records a prolonged and episodic history of rifting, sedimentation and magmatism before the collision and rift closure at about 1.9 Ga. The collision was related to the amalgamation of the supercontinent Columbia. The CLGB is considered to have significant potential for gold deposits.
# Centromadia pungens

Centromadia pungens, the common spikeweed or common tarweed, is a species of North American plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to northern Baja California and the western United States (California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona). The plant is considered a noxious weed in parts of the Pacific Northwest.
Centromadia pungens is an herb up to 120 cm (47 in) tall. It produces arrays of numerous yellow flower heads with both ray florets and disc florets.

## Subspecies

* Centromadia pungens subsp. laevis (D.D.Keck) B.G.Baldwin - Baja California, southern California
* Centromadia pungens subsp. pungens - most of species range
# Centromerita

Centromerita is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by David B. Hirst in 1912. As of May 2019 it contains only two species: C. bicolor and C. concinna.
# Andrew Henderson

Andrew or Andy Henderson may refer to:
* A. A. (Andrew Augustus) Henderson (1816-1875), navy surgeon and specimen collector
* Andrew Henderson (writer) (died 1775), Scottish writer
* Andrew Henderson (portrait painter) (1783–1835), Scottish portrait painter
* Andrew Henderson (schoolmaster) (1797–1869), school teacher in Nova Scotia, Canada
* Andrew Kennaway Henderson (1879–1960), New Zealand clerk, illustrator, cartoonist, editor and pacifist
* Andrew Henderson (English cricketer) (born 1941), former English cricketer
* Andrew Henderson (Scottish cricketer) (1922–2020), Scottish cricketer
* Andrew Henderson (botanist) (born 1950), English-born palm systematist
* Andrew Henderson (rugby league) (born 1979), English rugby league footballer
* Andrew Henderson (rugby union) (born 1980), Scottish rugby union footballer
* Andy Henderson (soccer) (born 19??), Australian football (soccer) player and coach
* Andy Henderson (Scottish footballer) (active 1914–1919), Scottish football goalkeeper
* Andy Henderson (EastEnders)
# Andrew Henderson (botanist)

Andrew James Henderson (born September 8, 1950) is a palm-systematist and Curator of the Institute of Systematic Botany at the New York Botanical Garden. He has authored taxonomic descriptions of 140 species, subspecies and varieties of plants, especially in the palm family

## Education

Henderson was educated in Wycliffe College in Gloucestershire and Birkbeck College, University of London. In 1986, he received 'The George H.M. Lawrence Memorial Award', in the amount of $2,000, presented by the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University and presented at the annual banquet of the Botanical Society of America. He later received his Ph.D. from City University of New York in 1987.
He joined the New York Botanic Garden in 1987.

## Works

He has authored several books, including The Palms of the Amazon and a field guide to the palms of the Americas.
# Andrud

Andrud is a small village in Phaltan, Satara district, Maharashtra, India. Postal index number 415523. The majority of the population is involved in agriculture, and working as drivers and doing physical works in Mumbai and Pune. Previously onion was major cash crop. this village is usually hit by draught every year
* This Satara district, Maharashtra, India location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Chacarilla Canton

Chacarilla Canton is a canton in the La Paz Department, Bolivia. Its seat is Chacarilla. The 2001 census counted 23 inhabitants.
# Chabba Cheema

Chabba Cheema is a small village located to the east of Ahmad Nagar Chattha, Gujranwala District, Settlement Wazirabad. For education in the village a Government Primary School is functional, by Government of Punjab, Pakistan under Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Gujranwala.
People go to Ahmad Nagar Chattha and city Gujranwala for higher education. Most of the population of the village is educated. Farming is the only livelihood of the people in the village, a few people are government employees. For Basic Essentials People go to Ahmad Nagar Chattha like food, education, health and electricity. The only way to get to Chabba Cheema is by Road. Chabba Cheema is connected with Ghakhar via by road. The village is quite peaceful with very low crime rate as compare to other nearby villages. Mostly the people are well off and live a quality life. People from various Jatt Clans are living in the village but the majority of the population belongs to "cheema" clan. The soil of the area is very fertile. The total area, including agricultural land, of chabba cheema is 1400 acres (estimated). The major crops cultivated are rice and wheat. But sugarcane, tobacco, potatoes, watermelon, maize and strawberry are also cultivated.
# Chabbewal

Chabbewal is a town in the district of Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India, with a population of 5000.
Chabbewal is situated just in the middle of Hoshiarpur and Mahilpur stretch about 10 km each side on State Highway 24 of the state Punjab that connect Dasuya, Pathankot to Chandigarh. Chabbewal is a now major shopping center that attracts neighboring villagers regularly. It is a major Bus Stop for villagers in and out of that area. The town has five High Schools, and a very renowned Girls College - Shri Guru Har Rai Sahib College for Women. It now has the Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic College in village Handowal Kalan which is rich in Technical diploma courses. It is the first institute in Hoshiarpur district to provide vocational diploma in engineering through the NSQF scheme of AICTE.
The main clan in Chabbewal is the Jatt Clan - Jhuty (or Jhutti / Jhooti, or Jhutty) The neighboring villages house many historical Gurdwaras (Baba Rattan Singh Ji / Nattrala, Harian-Vellan - Jathedar Sant Baba Nihal Singh Ji) and has produced many football players for the state. Many people have migrated to foreign countries from this area: The UK, Canada, The US, Norway, Australia and other parts of Europe.
It is a well established village with many past and present political figures. Moreover, there is now an established Police Station present in Chabbewal, plus the town is host to the biggest peas (mutter) supplying market (mandi) in Asia. There is a strong footballing background in the town. This had led to a Football Academy being established, which has played host to some of the top football players in Punjab, while it hosts big football tournaments every summer and winter.
Chabbewal has also produced many soldiers that have served the Indian Armed Forces. The people of the town are very enthusiastic, hard-working and sociable. This is the reason why the NRI population of the town has been successful abroad, plus the sporting and military achievements of the people of Chabbewal. The village has gained a reputation of not just being a standard village, but a well-respected town of the Hoshiarpur district that people from all over the region like to visit and enjoy.
# Chaffee (surname)

Chaffee or Chafee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ada Gilmore Chaffee (1883–1955), American watercolorist and printmaker
* Adna Chaffee (1842–1914), American lieutenant general
* Adna R. Chaffee Jr. (1884–1941), American major general, son of Adna
* Cathleen Chaffee, American curator, art historian
* Calvin C. Chaffee (1811–1896), American doctor, politician and abolitionist
* Emory Leon Chaffee (1885–1975), American physicist and engineer
* George D. Chafee (1839–1927), American politician and lawyer
* Harold G. Chaffee (1926-2020), American football player and coach
* Jerome B. Chaffee (1825–1886), American entrepreneur and senator from Colorado
* John Chafee (1922–1999), American politician and Secretary of the Navy
* Judith Chafee (1932–1998), American architect
* Lincoln Chafee (born 1953), Rhode Island governor and U.S. Senator; son of John
* Oliver Newberry Chaffee (1910–1944), American painter and printmaker
* Rick Chaffee (born 1945), American skier, brother of Suzy
* Roger B. Chaffee (1935–1967), American Apollo astronaut
* Suzy Chaffee (born 1946), American skier and actress
* Zechariah Chafee (1885–1957), American free speech and legal scholar
# Chaffee, North Dakota

Chaffee is an unincorporated community in Cass County, North Dakota, United States.

## History

A post office was established at Chaffee in 1894, and remained in operation until 1966. The community, named for promoter Eben Chaffee, was platted in 1898 soon after the railroad was extended to that point.
Herbert Fuller Chaffee (Eben's son) was a first-class passenger aboard the RMS Titanic, with his wife Carrie Constance Toogood (1864-1931). She survived, but his body was never recovered.
# Andrzej Trzebski

Andrzej Trzebski (2 February 1928 – 5 July 2017) was a Polish physiologist and neurophysiologist. Since 1971 professor in Medical University of Warsaw. A member of: Warsaw Scientific Society (since 1981), Polish Academy of Sciences (1983) and Polish Academy of Learning (since 1990). Doctor honoris causa of Jagiellonian University.
He was decorated with a Gold Cross of Merit (1971), a Knight's Cross of Polonia Restituta (1981) and a Commander's Cross of Polonia Restituta (1998).
He died on 5 July 2017 at the age of 89 in Warsaw.
# Andrzej Trzebiński

Andrzej Trzebiński (1922 – 1943) was a Polish poet, essayist, and playwright.
During the German occupation of Poland, Trzebiński studied at the secret University of Warsaw. He was also editor of the right-wing cultural magazine Sztuka i Naród (Art and Nation) He was arrested by the Nazis and executed in Warsaw on November 12, 1943.
# Andrew Hood (author)

Andrew Hood is a Canadian author. He has written two books of short stories, Pardon Our Monsters (Véhicule Press) and The Cloaca (Invisible Publishing). His most recent book, Jim Guthrie: Who Needs What, is a work of nonfiction published as part of Invisible Publishing's Bibliophonic Series.
Hood's works have won him multiple accolades, including the Danuta Gleed Literary Award for Pardon Our Monsters. His writings has appeared in Maisonneuve, PRISM International, The New Quarterly, and in Joyland magazine.
Hood lives in Guelph, Ontario.