OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deoxyguanosine kinase

See DGUOK for a more thorough description of the human deoxyguanosine kinase.

## Description of the catalyzed reaction and general features of deoxyguanosine kinases

In enzymology, a deoxyguanosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.113) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    ATP + deoxyguanosine $\rightleftharpoons$ ADP + dGMP
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and deoxyguanosine, whereas its two products are ADP and dGMP.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include deoxyguanosine kinase (phosphorylating), (dihydroxypropoxymethyl)guanine kinase, 2'-deoxyguanosine kinase, and NTP-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphotransferase. This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 4 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 2JAQ, 2JAS, 2JAT, and 2OCP.

## Clinical

Mutations in this gene have been linked to inherited mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes, neonatal liver failure, nystagmus and hypotonia.
# The Bell Notes

The Bell Notes were an early American rock and roll group from the East Meadow area of Long Island, New York.
The Bell Notes were regular performers in The Bronx in the 1950s, and performed at a bar owned by the father of Ray Tabano; he and Steven Tyler (of Aerosmith) occasionally played between Bell Notes sets, and covered their song "I've Had It". New York DJ (WADO) Alan Fredericks saw the group play at a record hop on Long Island and saw the group's potential. In 1958, he recorded "I've Had It" at a recording studio in Times Square, New York. The session cost a total of $50. He peddled the song around town and the group was eventually signed by Bob Shad. He was starting up a new label and thought the band would be ideal, because of the raw sound of the recording and the catchy tune. "I've Had It", released on Time Records, was a nationwide hit in the U.S. in March 1959, peaking at No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100. They released four further singles in 1959 – "Old Spanish Town", "That's Right", "You're a Big Girl Now", and "White Buckskin Sneakers & Checkerboard Socks" – but only "Old Spanish Town" charted, peaking at No. 76.
The band was managed by Natalie Fredericks.
In 1960, they signed with Madison Records and released two singles,"Shortnin' Bread" and "Friendly Star" followed. "Shortnin' Bread" hit No. 96 in the U.S. and was their last hit; they broke up by 1962.
In 1959, the group appeared in the series of Nu-Trading Rock 'n Roll Trading Cards.

## Members

* Carl Bonura – vocals, saxophone
* John Casey – drums
* Ray Ceroni – vocals, guitar
* Lenny Giambalvo – bass
* Peter Kane – piano

## Discography
### Singles

| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Record Label | B-side |
| Year | Title | US Pop | US R&B | Record Label | B-side |
| 1958 | "I've Had It" | 6 | 19 | Time Records | "Be Mine" |
| 1959 | "Old Spanish Town" | 76 | — | Time Records | "She Went That-A-Way" |
| 1959 | "That's Right" | — | — | Time Records | "Betty Dear" |
| 1959 | "You're a Big Girl Now" | — | — | Time Records | "Don't Ask Me Why" |
| 1959 | "White Buckskin Sneakers and Checkerboard Socks" | — | — | Time Records | "No Dice" |
| 1960 | "Shortnin' Bread" | 96 | — | Madison Records | "To Each His Own" |
| 1960 | "Real Wild Child" | — | — | Madison Records | "Friendly Star" |
# Den Tseut

Den Tseut is a craft brewery located in the Belgian village of Oosteeklo (part of the municipality of Assenede, East Flanders). The brewery was founded in 2007 by Stefan De Decker and Ria Danneels.
In 2015 the brewery's capacity was increased from 300 hectolitres to 800 hectolitres.
Beers brewed include Den Tseut, Bras, Den Beir, Belle Cies, Den Mulder, Den Krulsteirt, Hoppesnoet and Den Drupneuze.
In 2016 the brewery began production of an abbey beer, "Den Cister", named after the Cistercian Oosteeklo Abbey that once stood in the village.
# Eric Brewer

Eric Brewer may refer to:
* Eric Brewer (ice hockey) (born 1979), Canadian ice hockey player
* Eric Brewer (scientist), American computer scientist
# Ponte Palatino

Ponte Palatino, also known as Ponte Inglese (Italian for English Bridge), is a bridge that links Lungotevere Aventino to Lungotevere Ripa in Rome (Italy), in the Rioni Ripa and Trastevere.

## Description

The bridge was designed by architect Angelo Vescovali and built between 1886 and 1890 in place of the partially destroyed, 2,200-year-old Pons Aemilius (also called Ponte Rotto, "Broken Bridge"). One arch of the ancient three-arch bridge was destroyed by a flood in 1598, while another arch was demolished by Vescovali in 1887 to make room for the Ponte Palatino, thus leaving the Pons Aemilius just a single arch in mid-river, situated adjacent to the modern bridge.
Ponte Palatino takes its name from the Palatine Hill, at whose slopes the structure rises. The bridge links the Forum Boarium to Piazza Castellani, in front of the Tiber Island; the epithet English is due to the left-hand traffic flow that applies on it, just as in the United Kingdom.
It shows four masonry piers with a metal top surface and is 155 metres (509 ft) long.
# Anetarca piutaensis

Anetarca piutaensis is a species of sea slug, specifically an aeolid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Punta Piuta, Limón Province, on the Caribbean Sea coast of Costa Rica.
# No. 140 Expeditionary Air Wing

No. 140 Expeditionary Air Wing is a deployable Expeditionary Air Wing of the Royal Air Force based at RAF Lossiemouth, Moray, Scotland, UK.
The current wing was established on 1 April 2006 the wing has history dating back to May 1944:

## Second World War

No. 140 Airfield RAF
The wing was originally No. 140 Airfield RAF.
No. 140 (Bomber) Wing RAF
No. 140 Wing RAF was a formation of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. It comprised No. 21 Squadron RAF, No. 464 (RAAF) Squadron RAF and No. 487 (RNZAF) Squadron RAF. It carried out many notable low-level bombing operations, including Operation Jericho (Amiens prison) and Operation Carthage in Copenhagen.
No. 464 and No. 487 Squadrons were Article XV Squadrons, i.e. they were Commonwealth squadrons which operated under the operational control of the Royal Air Force, which also was responsible e.g. for their pay.

## Current use

* Deployed to Ämari Air Base, Estonia from April to September 2023 for Operation Azotize with Typhoon FGR4 of No. 9 Squadron.
# Feature article

Feature article may refer to:
* Feature story, a piece of non-fiction writing about news covering a single topic in detail
* English Wikipedia § Wikiproject and assessment, article quality on the English Wikipedia
# Calliostoma sanjaimense

Calliostoma sanjaimense is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 10 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Cocos Island, Costa Rica
# Bismarck, Washburn and Great Falls Railway

The Bismarck, Washburn and Great Falls Railway (BW&GF) was a railroad that was organized in North Dakota on May 12, 1899. Its offices were located in Bismarck, North Dakota.

## History

The BW&GF started as the Bismarck, Washburn & Fort Buford Railroad in 1889 by General William D. Washburn, a U.S. Senator and Surveyor-General from Minnesota. He was the main owner of the Washburn-Crosby Flour Mills. By 1903, the railroad ran from Bismarck to Washburn, a distance of 44.81 miles. In 1904, the road was extended to Underwood.
The railroad primarily carried passengers, mail, coal, and grain. It also included a steamboat operation.
In 1903, the railroad owned 3 steam engines, 2 passenger cars, 34 freight cars, and 1 caboose. In 1901, the BW&GF was one of the first US railroads to roster the Mikado 2-8-2 steam engine design.
The railroad was purchased by the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway in 1904.
# Big Ten Conference Baseball Pitcher of the Year

The Big Ten Conference Pitcher of the Year is a baseball award given to the Big Ten Conference's most outstanding pitcher. The award was first given following the 1994 season.

## Key

| * | Awarded a College National Player of the Year award: the Dick Howser Trophy or the Golden Spikes Award |
| † | Major League Baseball Player |
| ‡ | Major League Baseball All-Star |

## Winners

| Season | Player | School |
| 1994 | Matt Beaumont | Ohio State |
| 1995 | Chad Schroeder | Northwestern |
| 1996 | Nate Bump† | Penn State |
| 1997 | Justin Fry | Ohio State |
| 1998 | James Tow | Illinois |
| 1999 | Justin Fry (2) | Ohio State |
| 2000 | Jason Anderson† | Illinois |
| 2001 | Andy Dickinson | Illinois |
| 2002 | C.J. Woodrow | Minnesota |
| 2003 | Scott Lewis† | Ohio State |
| 2004 | Glen Perkins‡ | Minnesota |
| 2005 | Jim Brauer | Michigan |
| 2006 | Dan Brauer | Northwestern |
| 2007 | Cory Luebke† | Ohio State |
| 2008 | Zach Putnam† | Michigan |
| 2009 | Eric Arnett Alex Wimmers | Indiana Ohio State |
| 2010 | Alex Wimmers† (2) | Ohio State |
| 2011 | Kurt Wunderlich | Michigan State |
| 2012 | Joe Haase | Purdue |
| 2013 | Aaron Slegers† | Indiana |
| 2014 | Joey DeNato | Indiana |
| 2015 | Tyler Jay | Illinois |
| 2016 | Cody Sedlock | Illinois |
| 2017 | Brian Shaffer | Maryland |
| 2018 | Patrick Fredrickson | Minnesota |
| 2019 | Andrew Saalfrank | Indiana |
| 2021 | Trenton Wallace | Iowa |
| 2022 | Adam Mazur | Iowa |
| 2023 | Connor O'Halloran | Michigan |

## Winners by school

| School (year joined) | Winners | Years |
| Ohio State (1912) | 7 | 1994, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010 |
| Illinois (1896) | 5 | 1998, 2000, 2001, 2015, 2016 |
| Indiana (1900) | 4 | 2009, 2013, 2014, 2019 |
| Michigan (1896) | 3 | 2005, 2008, 2023 |
| Minnesota (1896) | 3 | 2002, 2004, 2018 |
| Iowa (1900) | 2 | 2021, 2022 |
| Northwestern (1896) | 2 | 1995, 2006 |
| Maryland (2014) | 1 | 2017 |
| Michigan State (1953) | 1 | 2011 |
| Penn State (1993) | 1 | 2000 |
| Purdue (1896) | 1 | 2012 |
| Nebraska (2011) | 0 | — |
| Rutgers (2014) | 0 | — |
| Wisconsin (1896)$^a$ | 0 | — |

## Footnotes

* $^a$ Wisconsin discontinued its baseball program after the 1991 season.
# Billbergia magnifica

Billbergia magnifica is a species of flowering plant in the genus Billbergia. This species is native to Brazil and Paraguay.
# Bilbster railway station

Bilbster was a railway station located in the village of Bilbster, in the Highlands region of Scotland.
The station opened on 28 July 1874. The station buildings were destroyed by fire on 16 September 1877.
It was one of a number of smaller stations on the Far North Line which were closed in 1960.

## Sources

* Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.
* Jowett, Alan (March 1989). Jowett's Railway Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland: From Pre-Grouping to the Present Day (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-086-0. OCLC 22311137.
# Robert Spangler (American football)

Robert F. Spangler (September 8, 1917 – March 31, 1992) was an American football and basketball player and coach. Following a successful played career as a quarterback at Duke University, he served as the head football coach at Atlantic Christian College—now known as Barton College—in Wilson, North Carolina from 1947 to 1948 and Catawba College in Salisbury, North Carolina from 1949 to 1952.

## Head coaching record
### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Atlantic Christian Bulldogs (North State Conference) (1947–1948) ||||||
| 1947 | Atlantic Christian | 0–8 | 0–5 | 9th |
| 1948 | Atlantic Christian | 2–7 | 1–6 | 8th |
| Atlantic Christian: | Atlantic Christian: | 2–15 | 1–11 | |
| Catawba Indians (North State Conference) (1949–1952) ||||||
| 1949 | Catawba | 5–5 | 4–2 | 4th |
| 1950 | Catawba | 4–6 | 2–3 | 5th |
| 1951 | Catawba | 5–5 | 3–2 | 3rd |
| 1952 | Catawba | 4–5–1 | 4–1–1 | T–2nd |
| Catawba: | Catawba: | 18–21–1 | 13–8–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 20–36–1 | | |
# Robert Spall

Robert Spall VC (5 March 1890 – 13 August 1918), was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Robert Spall was born in Acton, London, England on March 5, 1890. He enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force in July 1915.
Spall was 28 years old, and a sergeant in Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War, and was awarded the VC for his actions on 13 August 1918 near Parvillers-le-Quesnoy, France.
His citation reads:
   For most conspicuous bravery and self-sacrifice when, during an enemy counter-attack, his platoon was isolated. Thereupon Serjt. Spall took a Lewis gun and, standing on the parapet, fired upon the advancing enemy, inflicting very severe casualties. He then came down the trench directing the men into a sap seventy-five yards from the enemy. Picking up another Lewis gun, this gallant N.C.O. again climbed the parapet, and by his fire held up the enemy. It was while holding up the enemy at this point that he was killed. Serjt. Spall deliberately gave his life in order to extricate his platoon from a most difficult situation, and it was owing to his bravery that the platoon was saved.
Sergeant Spall's final resting place was lost and as such he is commemorated on the Canadian National Vimy Memorial with the over 11,000 other Canadian dead of the war killed in France but whose remains were lost or never recovered.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the PPCLI Museum at The Military Museums in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
He is also commemorated in Acton, London, England with a plaque outside the house he was born at 16 Spencer Road.
# Robin Boyd

Robin Boyd may refer to:
* Robin Boyd (architect) (1919–1971), Australian architect, writer, teacher and social commentator
* Robin Boyd (theologian) (1924–2018), Irish theologian and missionary to India
# Bilkaradié

Bilkaradié is a village in the Nassere Department of Bam Province in northern Burkina Faso. It has a population of 276.
# Bilkent

39°51′49″N 32°44′57″E﻿ / ﻿39.86361°N 32.74917°E﻿ / 39.86361; 32.74917 Bilkent is a district in Ankara, Turkey, with the postal code 06800 where Bilkent University is located.
Besides Bilkent University, a technological improvement and tech start-up center called CYBERPARK is also located inside the district. CYBERPARK hosts more than 250 developing tech companies.
Three housing sites situated in green fields and woods provide its residents with natural settings, social facilities, sports areas and children's playgrounds. These are among Ankara's most prestigious addresses and 3,500 residential and commercial units serve a variety of demands and needs.
* This geographical article about a location in Çankaya District, Ankara Province, Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Bill Ratcliffe

Wilfred Joseph "Bill" Ratcliffe (30 May 1880 – 25 March 1935) was an Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1922 until 1932, representing the districts of Botany (1922–1927), Alexandria (1927–1930) and Barwon (1930–1932). He was Secretary of Public Works and Minister for Railways for four months in 1927, during the last months of the first Lang government.
Ratcliffe was born at Pyrmont, and was a tram driver before entering politics as a local alderman. He was an unsuccessful Labor candidate at the 1920 state election, when he was placed fifth and last on the Labor ticket for multi-member Botany. He again contested Botany in 1922 and was again placed fifth on the Labor list, but this time, campaigned for voters to ignore the official ticket and give him their first preference. The tactic was successful, and he was elected at the expense of fellow Labor MLA Simon Hickey; however, it earned him significant enmity within the Labor Party. He was expelled by the Labor executive in April and sat as an Independent Labor member, but was readmitted to the party in July.
Ratcliffe was re-elected in 1925 when Labor won a majority under Jack Lang, and was promoted to the ministry in 1927, when Martin Flannery was dropped in a reshuffle. His ministerial career was cut short by Labor's defeat that year; however, he was re-elected as the member for Alexandria. The Alexandria seat was abolished in 1930, and Ratcliffe lost the preselection ballot for inner-city Redfern. The executive tried to find him another seat; after rumours he would run for Monaro, he was appointed candidate for the traditionally conservative rural seat of Barwon. He won the seat, but suffered from ill health during his final term, and retired in 1932. He died in 1935, and was buried in the Roman Catholic section of Rookwood Cemetery.
# Birač (region)

Birač (Serbian Cyrillic: Бирач) is a region of eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina comprising the municipalities of Milići, Vlasenica, Srebrenica, Bratunac, Zvornik and Šekovići.

## History
### Yugoslavia

In November 1990 multi-party elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the first time since the Second World War. The principal element of the political platform of the SDS was the goal of unifying ethnic Serbs in a common state. The outcome of the election meant that the SDS would not be able to ensure that Bosnia and Herzegovina continue to be part of a Serb-dominated Yugoslavia through democratic and peaceful means alone. The Bosnian Serbs began to organise certain areas of BiH into formal regional structures as "Associations of Municipalities", a form of structure that was already provided for under the 1974 Yugoslav constitutional regime. These Associations were nominally non-ethnic but were the first step toward establishing separate Bosnian Serb governmental bodies in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In September 1991, the various Associations of Municipalities were transformed into Serbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs). On 9 November 1991 Birac was designated an SAO and on 21 November 1991 the Bosnian Serb Assembly established Birač as a Serbian Autonomous Oblast and merged it with the Oblast of Romanija to form the Serb Autonomous Region of Romanija-Birac.
On 9 January 1992, the Bosnian Serb Assembly adopted a declaration proclaiming the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SRBiH). On 28 February 1992 the Constitution of the Serbian Republic of BiH declared that the territory of the SRBiH included "the territories of the Serbian Autonomous Regions and Districts and of other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina" and that it was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 12 August 1992 the SRBiH's name was changed to Republika Srpska. The Serb Autonomous Region of Romanija-Birač became part of Republika Srpska.
# Bisaya nossidiiformis

Bisaya nossidiiformis is a beetle that is native to Iran, and the sole member of the genus Bisaya. Its diet consists of mainly dead wood and leaf litter .
# Bilney railway station

Bilney railway station was located on the line between East Winch and Narborough and Pentney. It served the village of West Bilney, and closed in 1866.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| East Winch Line and station closed | Great Eastern Railway Lynn and Dereham Railway | Narborough and Pentney Line and station closed |

## History

The Bill for the Lynn and Dereham Railway (L&DR) received Royal Assent on 21 July 1845. The line and its stations were opened on 27 October 1846 as far as Narborough. Bilney station opened with the line. The L&DR was taken over by the East Anglian Railway on 22 July 1847. Nineteen days later, on 10 August 1847, the line reached Swaffham.
# Bismarck (1914 film)

Bismarck is a 1914 German silent historical film directed by Richard Schott, Gustav Trautschold and William Wauer and starring Franz Ludwig. It portrays the life of the German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck.

## Cast

* Anna Ludwig
* Franz Ludwig as Bismarck
* Paul Passarge
* Hanni Reinwald
# Bindrich

Bindrich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Falko Bindrich (born 1990), German chess grandmaster
* Karsten Bindrich (born 1973), German sport shooter
# Bishop's Palace, Ely

The Bishop's Palace, Ely was one of the residences of the Bishop of Ely from the 15th century until 1941. It is a Grade I listed building.
The palace was built in the 15th century by Bishop John Alcock however just two towers from the original building remain. He also completed the bishop’s palace (now Wisbech Castle) at Wisbech (where he died in 1500). Bishops over the following centuries expanded and remodelled the palace.
During the Second World War the palace was used as a base for the British Red Cross and after this period it became a home for disabled children until its closure in the 1980s. Following this, the palace was purchased on a 99 years lease by the Sue Ryder Care organization although the palace went up for sale again in 2010. Later that year, local public school, King's Ely took over the lease from Sue Ryder Care and refurbished the palace to become the school new sixth form centre. It was opened by the Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester on Friday 25 January 2013.
# BioPerformance

BioPerformance is a multi-level marketing company that sells fuel additives, often in the form of "gas pills", which are claimed to increase fuel efficiency in automobiles. The company was founded in 2005 by Gus Romero.
Research has concluded that the "gas pills" are not effective with regard to fuel efficiency. It has also been claimed that BioPerformance made other false claims, such as that its pills are non-toxic (they are made primarily of naphthalene, a toxic chemical also found in mothballs). The company was sued and temporarily shut down on May 17, 2006 by the Texas Attorney General for being an alleged pyramid scheme and also because of the company's alleged false advertising claims.
It has been asserted by former BioPerformance representatives now speaking out against BioPerformance that the company appears to have taken early precautionary measures to avoid refunds on the gas pill. The company accepted money order payments or check payments through postal mail. Multilevel marketing companies selling faulty products have been known to not accept credit card payments due to charge backs from unsatisfied customers, which in turn create accrued charge back fees for the company.
As of May 2007, the company still does not take credit cards and is still selling a naphthalene-based product. The headquarters is no longer in Texas, and the company no longer ships to Texas, where the owners were sued and ultimately gave over $7,000,000 to the Office of the Attorney General. Nor did they issue refunds or ship over 10,000 cases of product, although complaints arrived from all over the nation. To date, over $6.5 million in refund requests have been processed by the Texas Attorney General's Office.
# Bitoscanate

Bitoscanate is an organic chemical compound used in the treatment of hookworms. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.
# Rock Corral on the Barlow Road

The Rock Corral on the Barlow Road is a glacial erratic, on Oregon's Barlow Road, itself a new route on the Oregon Trail.

## Its location

It is on the way to Marmot, where the Barlow Road then goes southwest cross the Devil's Backbone and back across the Sandy River.
It is in Clackamas County, and was at the end of the Oregon Trail's most difficult, most dangerous passage over the Cascade Mountains. The Barlow Tollgate was once there.