OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Photoshop contest

A Photoshop contest, or sometimes Photoshop battle (often abbreviated to PS Battle), is an online game, in which a website or user of an Internet forum will post a starting image — usually a photograph — and ask others to manipulate the image using some graphics editing software, usually Adobe Photoshop, however other editors are commonly allowed, such as Corel Photo-Paint, GIMP, PaintShop Pro, Paint.NET or even Microsoft Paint. People can also use video editing software to create these images, such as Adobe Premiere Pro, Kdenlive, OpenShot, or NCH VideoPad.
While Photoshop is the industry standard image editing program, Adobe Systems, the publisher of Photoshop, discourages use of "Photoshop" to refer to anything other than their photo editing software, to prevent their trademark from becoming generic.

## Humor

A large part of the humor in many of these contests involves the use of internet memes.
Such contests have recently seen increasing participation on many blogs and forums. The popular internet community Reddit has a community called r/photoshopbattles devoted to the contests.
A more "underground" variety of these image manipulation jokes involves the blending of celebrity faces with nude or pornographic images commonly known as fake nudes, often combined with references to movies, music, magazines and other forms of related popular culture.

## Photoshop tennis

Photoshop tennis (also known as Photoshop Pong or Photoshop battle (similar in its function to a "DJ battle" or "rap battle" in hip hop music) is a game played through sequential alternating (photoshopping) of an image. Photoshop tennis originated in graphics-related internet forums in the late-1990s/early-2000s, and shares an earlier history with online image games such as SITO's "PANIC" (started January, 1994). The game was made popular by art director Jim Coudal in 2001 as "Photoshop Tennis". The matches on coudal.com were later renamed Layer Tennis after enabling the use of other software, and continued through four seasons of competition.
Each match tennis is generally played with two competing players. The players pick a starting image, or one is "served" by a player, then another player makes some sort of alteration to the image in any chosen image editor (matches are not exclusive to Adobe Photoshop). They then send the altered image to the other player or players, usually via e-mail or by posting the image to a Photoshop tennis forum, who then edits that image and sends it back to the first player. This process goes back and forth until a predetermined number of rounds have elapsed, or the players otherwise wish to end the game. When the final round is over, there may be an independent judge who determines who has played the best shots, and declares that person the winner, or players may play without a clear winner. Sometimes extra rules can be enforced, such as sticking to one particular software package, or keeping to a particular theme.

## Pictures

* Photomontage made using GIMP.
* Détournement of Jacob Jordaens' The Fall of Man, made using GIMP.
# Charles Julien Brianchon

Charles Julien Brianchon (19 December 1783 – 29 April 1864) was a French mathematician and chemist.

## Life

He entered into the École Polytechnique in 1804 at the age of eighteen, and studied under Monge, graduating first in his class in 1808, after which he took up a career as a lieutenant in Napoleon's artillery. Later, in 1818, Brianchon became a professor in the Artillery School of the Royal Guard at Vincennes.

## Work

Brianchon is best known for his proof of Brianchon's theorem (1810).
Brianchon's book Mémoire sur les lignes du second ordre (Paris, 1817) is available online .
# Phyllotreta cruciferae

Phyllotreta cruciferae, known generally as crucifer flea beetle, is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. Other common names include the canola flea beetle and rape flea beetle. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China) and North America.
# Charpentiera

Charpentiera is a flowering plant genus in the family Amaranthaceae. It consists of five species endemic to Hawaiʻi, where they are known as pāpala, and one species found only on the island of Tubuai in the Austral Islands. All species are trees, some reaching more than 10 metres (33 ft) in height. The genus is named for Arsène Charpentier (1781-1818), professor of pharmacy at Antwerp from 1810 to 1814 and at Cherbourg from 1814 to 1816.

## Species

* Charpentiera australis Sohmer (Rarotonga in the Cook Islands and Tubuai and Raivavae in the Tubuai Islands)
* Charpentiera densiflora Sohmer (Kauaʻi)
* Charpentiera elliptica (Hillebr.) A.Heller (Kauaʻi)
* Charpentiera obovata Gaudich. (main islands of Hawaiʻi)
* Charpentiera ovata Gaudich. (Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui, island of Hawaiʻi)
* Charpentiera tomentosa Sohmer
** Charpentiera tomentosa var. maakuaensis (Oʻahu)
** Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa (Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui, island of Hawaiʻi)

## Uses

Native Hawaiians on the northwest coast of the island of Kauaʻi used lightweight pāpala branches in the art of ʻōahi. Branches were ignited and tossed off of high sea cliffs, where they were buoyed by ridge lifts and burned like fireworks.
# Chile men's national under-17 basketball team

The Chile national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is a national basketball team of Chile, administered by the Federación de Basquetbol de Chile.
It represents the country in international under-16 and under-17 (under age 16 and under age 17) basketball competitions.
The team won the 2017 South American Under-17 Championship for the first time after it beat Argentina in the final 70-60.
It played at the Under-17 South American Basketball Championship.
# Donja Barska

Donja Barska is a village in the municipality of Cazin, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 127.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 125 | 98.4% |
| other/undeclared | 2 | 1.6% |
| Total | 127 | 100% |
# Symmoca cinerariella

Symmoca cinerariella is a moth of the family Autostichidae. It is found in Italy and on Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia.
The forewings are dull ash grey with fine dark sprinkling. The hindwings are also ash grey.
# Charles K. Heiden

Charles Kenneth Heiden (July 7, 1925 - August 7, 2020) was a major general in the United States Army, who served as the Commanding General of Fort Dix from 1980 to 1981. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1949.
# Phyllotreta denticornis

Phyllotreta denticornis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# Prajna Bhatta

Prajna Bhatta was a historian who wrote Rajvalipataka. It gives a historical account of Kashmir from the time of Zayn al-Abidin to the time of its incorporation in the dominions of the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1586.
# Gaius Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus

Gaius Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus was a Roman senator of the early Roman Empire, whose known career flourished under the reign of Vespasian. He was suffect consul in the nundinium of November to December AD 70 as the colleague of Lucius Annius Bassus.
His full, polyonymous name is known from a votive inscription from Minturnae set up by a slave named "Theseus". The nomenclature of his name has led scholars to agree that Caecina Paetus was the son of Aulus Caecina Paetus, consul of 37, and that he was adopted by Gaius Laecanius Bassus, consul of 64, between his consulate and his governorship.
Caecina Paetus is attested as consular governor of Roman Asia in 80/81. He also served on the board that managed the water supply of Rome around this time.
He is thought to be the father of Gaius Laecanius Bassus Caecina Flaccus, known from an inscription found at Brundisium. Flaccus died young, aged eighteen.
# Chaucheprat Point

Chaucheprat Point (63°32′S 56°42′W﻿ / ﻿63.533°S 56.700°W﻿ / -63.533; -56.700) is a low headland at the northwest corner of Jonassen Island in Antarctic Sound. The name "Cap Chaucheprat", after M. Chaucheprat, Private Secretary to Vice Admiral Claude de Rosamel, was applied to a feature in this vicinity by Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville in 1838. The present name revives the d'Urville naming, which probably was related to the heights of Jonassen Island.
# Socoroma

Socoroma is a village in the Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile. It lies off Ruta 11 at km 99. It is an old Aymara settlement into which significant investment has been made to try to stop it from becoming a complete ghost town. It has a well-ordered church and plaza.
The traditional houses are now mostly covered with corrugated iron instead of grass and leather. The church on the other hand was renovated in 2012 and the roof was constructed with the mentioned wood structure tightened by leather. A farm product in the village is Oregano. This Oregano differs from the Oregano produced elsewhere as the plant is protecting itself at this level above sea with extra ingredients.

## Weblinks

* La Cooperativa Oro Verde, website of the Oregano producing cooperative
# Juan Luis Iborra

Juan Luis Pérez Iborra (born 25 March 1959), simply known as Juan Luis Iborra, is a Spanish screenwriter and director.

## Biography

Juan Luis Pérez Iborra was born in L'Alfàs del Pi on 25 March 1959. He moved to Madrid, where he started studying drama in 1979.
After making his acting debut on stage in 1982, he developed instead a career as a screenwriter (both in film and television), including Televisión Española's show ¡Hola Raffaella! [es].
In 1995, he won the Goya Award for Best Original Screenplay for All Men Are the Same. One year later, he earned a nomination for Best Original Screenplay for Mouth to Mouth.
Iborra debuted as director with the featured films Amor de hombre (1997) and Km. 0 (2000), both co-helmed alongside Yolanda García Serrano, making his solo debut with Tiempos de azúcar [es] (2000). They were followed by Valentín, and Crazy. He also worked as director of the popular series Aquí no hay quien viva and La que se avecina.
# Philipp Schwartz

Philipp Schwartz (19 July 1894 – 1 December 1977) was a Hungarian-born neuropathologist. In the interwar period he was a professor in Frankfurt, Germany. He became a major figure in the community of German émigré scientists after 1933 and founded the Emergency Association of German Scientists Abroad [de].

## Early career

Schwartz was born on 19 July 1894 in Versec. He studied medicine in Budapest and earned his doctorate there in 1919. In the same year, he became an assistant of Bernhard Fischer at the Senckenberg Institute of Pathology at the University of Frankfurt, where he worked for the next 14 years. He earned his Habilitation in 1923, became an associate professor in 1926 and a full professor in 1927.

## Life in exile

Following the Nazi takeover in Germany in 1933 he was dismissed from his university chair for being Jewish, and he emigrated to Zürich, Switzerland, where he founded the Emergency Association of German Scientists Abroad [de] to help other refugees find new employment. He notably established contacts with Turkish universities. Together with Albert Malche, Schwartz convinced the Turkish government to offer a significant number of persecuted German professors employment in Turkey. Finally, contracts of up to five years were signed. Over time around 150 academics immigrated to Turkey. Most of them were from the economic, finance, legal or medical fields, while social sciences played a less important role. He later became director of the Department of Pathology at the University of Istanbul.
From 1953 he worked as a pathologist at the Warren State Hospital in Pennsylvania and chaired a research department there. In 1957 he was formally reinstated as a Professor (emeritus) at the Goethe University, but the university declined his wish to resume teaching due to his age.

## Family

His daughter is the Zürich psychiatrist Susan Ferenz-Schwartz. He is interred at the Fluntern Cemetery in Zürich.
# DO-297

DO-297, Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) Development Guidance and Certification Considerations is one of the primary document by which certification authorities such as the FAA and EASA approve Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) systems for flight. The FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 20-170 refers to DO-297.
Along with ARINC 653 and DO-248, the DO-297 standard guides "Safety of flight for IMA systems" DO-297 provides specific guidance for the stakeholders, defining the following roles
* platform and module suppliers
* application suppliers
* IMA system
* integrator
* certification applicant
* maintenance organization
* certification authority.
The DO-297 standard formalizes the use of more powerful computing hardware to host multiple software functions of mixed safety-criticality. IMA produces benefits of reduced Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) by integrating into a single computing platform software functions that were formerly on separate (federated) computing systems. The standard describes how safety is maintained through the isolation provided by a partitioning environment, ensuring that independent functions cannot adversely impact one another's behavior.

## History

The document was published by RTCA, Incorporated, in a joint effort with EUROCAE, completed in November 2005. The lessons learned in certifying early approaches to IMA in commercial aircraft such as the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and the Airbus A380 helped inform the development of the standard.
# Sisyrinchium groenlandicum

Sisyrinchium groenlandicum, commonly known as Greenland blue-eyed grass, is a perennial cespitose herb native and endemic to Greenland. It has simple purplish tinged 1–2 mm wide stems and glabrous grass-like leaves and 10–13 mm wide pale blue flowers. It is only known from the areas of Nuup Kangerlua, Ameralik and previously Kangerslussuaq.

## Description

The leaves of this 12–30 cm high perennial herb are glabrous 1-1.8 mm broad and similar to those of grasses. The stems is 1–2 mm wide and sometimes with purplish tinge.
Flowers consists of two sets of tepal, the outer most are 5.7–10.3 mm with rounded apex. Innermost tepals are pale blue to whitish.

## Distribution and habitat

Greenland blue-eyed grass is endemic to Greenland and only found in a very limited area around Kapisillit in the Nuup Kangerslua area. In 1948 was found in Kangerlusssuaq, but despite dedicated searching in 1979 have not been found here since.
Greenland blue-eyed grass has been found on warm, sunny, steep, dry southerly exposed slopes.
# Physcomitrella

Physcomitrella is a genus of mosses, containing two species. Physcomitrella patens is a model organism in laboratory research. Physcomitrella readeri is fairly similar, distinguished only by subtle characteristics. In fact, it has often been debated whether they should rightly be considered separate species, or a single species.
Physcomitrella has been used as a model organism. It diverged from the flowering plants over 400 million years ago, so the difference between the groups indicates the changes in the genome that accompanied the adaptation of plants to living on land.
# Dave Diehl

David Douglas Diehl (September 30, 1918 – September 15, 1994) was an American football player. He played college football for Michigan State College (later known as Michigan State University). He also played professional football in the National Football League for the Detroit Lions from 1939 to 1940 and 1944 to 1945. He also served as the Michigan State Spartans' ends coach in 1941. In 1944, he ranked third in the NFL with 426 receiving yards and led the league with an average of 23.7 yards per reception.
# Chebulic

Chebulic may refer to:
* Chebulic acid, a phenolic acid found in Terminalia chebula
* Chebulic myrobalan, a vernacular name for Terminalia chebula, a tree species native to southern Asia
# Chillianwala

Chillianwala (also spelled Chellianwala) is a village and union council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°39'0N 73°36'0E at an altitude of 218 metres (718 feet) and lies to the north-east of the district capital Mandi Bahauddin.
The most notable site in the centre of the village is a war memorial and graveyard which contains graves of British officers and mass graves of soldiers of the opposing sides at the Battle of Chillianwala. It is both deeply respected by the citizens of Chillianwala, and surrounding towns and villages; a few million rupees have been donated by the Government of Punjab for the restoration of the above-mentioned war memorial and graveyard whereas further efforts are still being put in to highlight its historical importance and military significance; this has so far been a success.
Chillianwala and the locale to the west of the town was site of the Battle of Chillianwala fought on 13 January 1849 during the Second Anglo-Sikh War between the Sikh Empire and East India Company.
# Fidel Demédicis Hidalgo

Fidel Demédicis Hidalgo (born 23 March 1956) is a Mexican politician. He served as a senator of the LXII and LXIII Legislatures of the Mexican Congress, representing Morelos.

## Life

Demédicis was born in Temixco and began his career in business, assisting on a hydroelectric project in Chiapas and maintaining the air conditioning systems at the Cancún and Cozumel international airports. He returned to Temixco in 1983, becoming a teacher at Secondary Technical School #21; while there, he earned a degree in political science from the UNAM and became active in the SNTE teachers' union.
Demédicis began his political career in 1997, when the PRD ran him as its candidate for municipal president of Temixco; at the time, he had been the deputy director of Secondary Technical School #36, also in Temixco. He rose through the ranks of the state PRD hierarchy, serving as the secretary of organization for the Morelos state executive committee from 1999 to 2002 and as its secretary general from 2002 to 2003. In 2003, Demédicis was elected to the first of two nonconsecutive terms in the Morelos state congress; in between, he represented the PRD on a reform commission and served as the state party's finance secretary.
Demédicis ran for and won a seat in the Senate in the 2012 election, serving for six years. He presided over the Rural Development Commission in both the LXII and LXIII Legislatures and served on three others—Foreign Relations (North America), Communications and Transportation, and Education—throughout his tenure.
In 2017, Demédicis left the Party of the Democratic Revolution, accusing it of betraying its ideals and the PRD state government of having incited terror and fear in Morelos. He later joined the Labor Party caucus. After the state PT expressed concerns about a potential Demédicis candidacy, and the party entered into coalition with Morena and nominated Cuauhtémoc Blanco, Demédicis mounted an independent candidacy in which he renounced all public funding. He finished fifth on election day, drawing just under five percent of the vote.
# Donna Ball

Donna Ball (born 1951 in North Georgia, US) is an American writer of over 90 novels, mainly romantic novels since 1982, writing under her own name and with pen names Rebecca Flanders, Donna Carlisle and Donna Boyd. She also signed novels with Shannon Harper as Leigh Bristol and Taylor Brady.

## Biography

Donna Ball born in 1951 in the United States. Her ancestors were one of the first pioneer families of North Georgia, and her family still lives on the land they purchased from the Cherokee in 1782.
She published her first book in 1982 as Donna Ball and since then has written novels under other pseudonyms: Rebecca Flanders, Donna Carlisle and Donna Boyd. She also signed novels with Shannon Harper as Leigh Bristol and Taylor Brady.
Donna has given numerous print and broadcast interviews and has been quoted by such publications as the Detroit Free Press, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, T.V. Guide, and Family Circle, as well as having appeared on such television programs as Entertainment Tonight and Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous. She also operates an online dog-training Web site and is a volunteer puppy raiser for a national service dog organization.
Donna lives in a restored turn-of-the-century barn in the heart of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northeast Georgia with her dogs, they have won numerous awards for agility, obedience, and canine musical freestyle. Her hobbies include oil painting, hiking and dog obedience training.
# Charles Poots

Charles Boucher "Charlie" Poots (1929 – 23 April 2020) was a Northern Irish unionist politician and farmer, known for being one of the founding members of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP).

## Political career

Poots joined Ian Paisley's Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, acting as Treasurer of the Hillsborough church. He also joined the Protestant Unionist Party (PUP), standing unsuccessfully for the group in Iveagh at the 1969 Northern Ireland general election. The PUP soon reformed as the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), and Poots was elected to Lisburn Borough Council at the 1973 local elections. He also won a seat in North Down at the 1973 Northern Ireland Assembly election. Contemporary reports claim that he started a fist-fight at the Assembly in December, after throwing a punch at Basil McIvor and he was suspended in 1974 for one day after calling Brian Faulkner a "lying tramp".
Poots held his North Down seat on the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in 1975, but he lost it at the 1982 Assembly election. In 1976, shots were fired at his car while driving through the predominantly Irish nationalist Markets area of Belfast.
He held his Lisburn council seat until 1997, serving as Deputy Mayor in 1991/2.
His son, Edwin Poots, later became a DUP member of the Northern Ireland Assembly. Edwin was elected to the leadership of the party on 15 May 2021, effective from 28 May.
Charlie Poots died in April 2020, at the age of 90.
# Piano Concerto (Davies)

The Piano Concerto is a composition for solo piano and orchestra by the British composer Peter Maxwell Davies. The work was commissioned by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and was completed on 24 September 1997. The piece is dedicated to the pianist Kathryn Stott, who premiered the work with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra under the composer at the Nottingham Royal Concert Hall on 7 November 1997.

## Composition

The piano concerto has a duration of roughly 35 minutes and is composed in three movements:
* Moderato – Più mosso – Andante – Più mosso – Andante – Più mosso – Andante
* Adagio
* Allegro

### Instrumentation

The work is scored for solo piano and an orchestra comprising piccolo, two flutes, two oboes, cor anglais, two clarinets, bass clarinet, two bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, timpani, three percussionists, and strings.

## Recording

A recording of the work, performed Kathryn Stott and Royal Philharmonic Orchestra under Davies, was released on CD through Naxos Records in January 2013. The disk also features Davies's 1969 motet for orchestra Worldes Blis.
# Dave Raun

Dave Raun (born June 7, 1970) a resident of Fresno, California, is the drummer for the seminal California punk rock band Lagwagon. He also filled in on drums for a short period for Sean "SC" Sellers of Good Riddance. Additionally, Raun drums for the punk rock cover band/supergroup Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, with fellow Lagwagon member Joey Cape. Me First and the Gimme Gimmes also features members of NOFX, Swingin' Utters, and Foo Fighters. Raun, a native of San Mateo, California, began his career in the mid to late '80's drumming in numerous bands before joining California hardcore punk band Rich Kids on LSD in 1992. Raun joined Lagwagon in 1996, replacing original drummer Derrick Plourde. Most recently, he has been seen drumming for Hot Water Music and Black President. Raun is married to Laura Slippy.
# Pradip Sarkar

Pradip Sarkar may refer to:
* Pradip Sarkar (Assam politician), an Indian politician
* Pradip Sarkar (West Bengal politician), an Indian politician