OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rashwe.com

Rashwe.com is a Lebanese citizen initiative. It is a web portal created by Rabih G. Sfeir for the purpose of collecting data on bribery in Lebanon.
The initiative was officially launched on December 18, 2012. Pre-launch works on the website (logo design, web pages design and web development) were started around a year earlier. First data posted on the website reflects claims of briberies for the period from December 18, 2012, to February 28, 2013. The data was not meaningful enough to derive any inferences. The founder is still working and pushing hard to get media and publicity exposure and reach out to a large Lebanese audience in order to get a meaningful data and a steady stream of claims. The website has received a fair amount of media coverage notable newspapers (around five local newspapers).

## Corruption in Lebanon

Lebanon is among the most corrupt countries in the world. Transparency International issues a yearly Index measuring corruption perception in 176 countries and according to the 2012 index, Lebanon ranks 128th among 170 countries. Within the MENA region, Lebanon ranks only better to the countries where there is political and security turmoil (Syria, Libya...). It is believed that around these ranks, corruption costs around 10% of GDP. In addition to that, Global Financial Integrity issues a report on illicit financial flows from Developing Countries and Lebanon had $21 billion illicit outflow during a 10-year period ending in 2010.
So between $3 and $4 billion is the approximated yearly cost of corruption in Lebanon which means around $1,000 per Lebanese citizen as a cost paid yearly.

## Ultimate Target

The initiative of rashwe.com aims to eradicate the cost of corruption and briberies and make sure that citizens pay less and less on this corrupt practice. The founder strongly believes that once you have statistical numbers and studies, it is much easier to show the problem and thus induce more people to tackle such issues.
Once a meaningful data is available, politicians should adopt strong and firm initiatives to bring down the numbers and thus reflect on the well-being of the citizens. By bringing down corruption, costs of affecting business drops, and this will reflect on prices and services in Lebanon.
This initiative was financed so far (19 June 2013) solely by the founder. This is also a non governmental initiative and the founder is keen to maintain confidentiality of the claimants in addition to that they can keep their names anonymous. He also believes that the identity of the claimants is irrelevant once the data reflects large number of claims.
Given a new competition from a well funded source, www.sakkera.com, rashwe.com is currently not updated and on halt.
# Ray Phillips (American football)

Ray Phillips (born March 18, 1954) is a former linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). Phillips was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 1977 NFL draft. While a member of the Philadelphia Eagles, he participated in Super Bowl XV
# Rasmussen Lowlands

The Rasmussen Lowlands is a 3,000 km$^2$ coastal plain complex of wetlands in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. It was designated a Ramsar wetland of international importance by the Ramsar Convention on May 24, 1982. It is also classified as an Important Bird Area.
The poorly drained area consists of flat lowlands overlain by marine silts and sand, with numerous tundra ponds throughout.
Shorebirds numbering up to 500,000 individuals nest in the ponds and surrounding areas. The vulnerable peregrine falcon nests in the adjacent escarpment, with nearly 6% (80 pairs) of the national population observed here in 1995.
# Rational animal

The term rational animal (Latin: animal rationale or animal rationabile) refers to a classical definition of humanity or human nature, associated with Aristotelianism.

## History

While the Latin term itself originates in scholasticism, it reflects the Aristotelian view of man as a creature distinguished by a rational principle. In the Nicomachean Ethics I.13, Aristotle states that the human being has a rational principle (Greek: λόγον ἔχον), on top of the nutritive life shared with plants, and the instinctual life shared with other animals, i. e., the ability to carry out rationally formulated projects. That capacity for deliberative imagination was equally singled out as man's defining feature in De anima III.11. While seen by Aristotle as a universal human feature, the definition applied to wise and foolish alike, and did not in any way imply necessarily the making of rational choices, as opposed to the ability to make them.
The Neoplatonic philosopher Porphyry defined man as a "mortal rational animal", and also considered animals to have a (lesser) rationality of their own.
The definition of man as a rational animal was common in scholastical philosophy. Catholic Encyclopedia states that this definition means that "in the system of classification and definition shown in the Arbor Porphyriana, man is a substance, corporeal, living, sentient, and rational".
In Meditation II of Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes considers and rejects the scholastic concept of the "rational animal":
   Shall I say 'a rational animal'? No; for then I should have to inquire what an animal is, what rationality is, and in this one question would lead me down the slope to other harder ones.

## Modern use

Freud was as aware as any of the irrational forces at work in humankind, but he nevertheless resisted what he called too much "stress on the weakness of the ego in relation to the id and of our rational elements in the faced of the daemonic forces within us".
Neo-Kantian philosopher Ernst Cassirer, in his work An Essay on Man (1944), altered Aristotle's definition to label man as a symbolic animal. This definition has been influential in the field of philosophical anthropology, where it has been reprised by Gilbert Durand, and has been echoed in the naturalist description of man as the compulsive communicator.
Sociologists in the tradition of Max Weber distinguish rational behavior (means-end oriented) from irrational, emotional or confused behavior, as well as from traditional-oriented behavior, but recognise the wide role of all the latter types in human life.
Ethnomethodology sees rational human behavior as representing perhaps one-tenth of the human condition, dependent on the nine-tenths of background assumptions which provide the frame for means-end decision making.
In his An Outline of Intellectual Rubbish, Bertrand Russell argues against the idea that man is rational, saying "Man is a rational animal — so at least I have been told. Throughout a long life I have looked diligently for evidence in favour of this statement, but so far I have not had the good fortune to come across it."
# Rational arrival process

In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a rational arrival process (RAP) is a mathematical model for the time between job arrivals to a system. It extends the concept of a Markov arrival process, allowing for dependent matrix-exponential distributed inter-arrival times.
The processes were first characterised by Asmussen and Bladt and are referred to as rational arrival processes because the inter-arrival times have a rational Laplace–Stieltjes transform.

## Software

* Q-MAM a MATLAB toolbox which can solve queueing systems with RAP arrivals.
# Rational behavior therapy

Rational behavior therapy (RBT) is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy developed by psychiatrist Maxie Clarence Maultsby Jr., a professor at the Medical College at Howard University. RBT is designed to be a short term therapy which is based on discovering an unsuspected problem which creates unwanted mental, emotional and physical behaviors.
According to Maultsby, RBT addresses all three groups of learned behaviors directly: the cognitive, the emotive, and the physical. It also involves systematic guidance in the technique of emotional self-help called rational self-counseling. One of the features of rational behavior therapy is that the therapist assigns the client "therapeutic homework".
In Dr. Maultsby's book, Rational Behavior Therapy, he discusses the nine scientific approaches that are the foundation to this method:
* The art and science of practicing family medicine.
* Specialty training in adult and child psychiatry.
* Neuropsychological theories of Donald Hebb and Alexander Luria.
* Classical conditioning theory of Ivan Pavlov.
* The operant learning theory of James G. Holland and B.F. Skinner.
* Learning theories of Hobart Mowerer and Julian Rotter.
* Conditioning and learning research of Clarence V. Hudgins, Mary Cover Jones, John I. Lacey, Robert L. Smith, Charles E. Osgood and George J. Such, Gregory H.S. Razran, Arthur W. Staats and Carolyn K. Staats, John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner, Joseph Wolpe, and Arnold Lazarus.
* Psychosomatic research of David T. Graham and William J. Grace.
* Albert Ellis's theory and technique of Rational Emotive Therapy.
Some of the concepts of Rational Behavior Therapy is ABC Emotion scale, Five Rules for Healthy Thinking (5RHT), and Healthy Semantics. Both ABC and 5RHT creates Healthy Semantics. These concepts are used to help treat the patient. Another key component is Rational Self-analysis (RSA) which helps structure the patient. This is better known as being given a homework assignment that creates a routine for the patient. Rational Emotive Imagery (REI) is another concept used to create a essential learning of a habit to replace an old habit we no longer want.

## History

Rational behavior therapy is the result of four significant influences in Maultsby's professional life: his experience as a physician, the neuropsychology of Alexander Luria, B. F. Skinner's behavioral learning theory, and Albert Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy. RBT is considered to be one of the first cognitive-behavior therapies that was developed specifically to be used as a self-counseling technique. It was Ellis who had the most significant impact on the development of RBT as a psychotherapy method. However, unlike Ellis's technique, RBT leaves philosophical issues to patients' individual preferences.
# Real Hotel Company

The Real Hotel Company was a hotel firm which was founded in 1877 and went into administration in 2009.

## History

The company was founded as the Birmingham Coffee House Company in 1877 and evolved through the early 20th century to become the Arden and Cobden Group, owning three Birmingham properties: the Arden Hotel, Cobden Hotel and Norfolk Hotel. In December 1985 the company was bought by Henry Edwards, an entrepreneur. In 1986, he floated the company under the name of Friendly Hotels PLC on the London Stock Exchange.
The company became a franchisee of Choice Hotels International (CHI), a US-based hotel group, in 1996. It rebranded its Friendly Hotels and Friendly Stop Inns with the Comfort Inn and Quality Hotel brand names. The relationship prospered and in 1996, the company gained the master franchise from CHI to develop the Choice brands in the UK and Ireland, followed, in 1998, by the master franchise to develop the Comfort, Quality, Clarion and Sleep Inn brands across Continental Europe (excluding Scandinavia).
In June 2001, CHI revealed that it was talking to several potential buyers about selling its stake in the company. In order to demonstrate synergy with CHI, the company changed its name from Friendly Hotels PLC to CHE Group PLC in August 2001. The talks with buyers ended in February 2002, and having failed to find a buyer, CHI simply wrote off its interest in the company.
In October 2007, the company announced the launch of its new brand, Purple Hotels, and changed to The Real Hotel Company.
However, the economic downturn hit the company hard, and it slid into losses in 2007. The company announced the suspension of the company's ordinary shares on the Alternative Investment Market on 13 January 2009. The company was placed into administration with Shay Bannon and Antony Nygate of BDO Stoy Hayward appointed as the administrators on 21 January 2009.
The final property disposed of was the Quality Hotel in Perth which was sold in February 2011.
# RealDownloader

RealDownloader is a freemium download manager by RealNetworks that downloads embedded Internet videos in multiple formats including MOV and FLV from sites such as YouTube, CollegeHumor, Facebook, Funny or Die and Dailymotion. This software utility lets users share downloaded videos on social networks and transfer them to their mobile devices. CNET reviewed it on July 19, 2011 and gave it a 4.5 / 5 rating.

## Features

Features of the freeware version include:
* Automatic embedded video detection
* Integration with web browsers such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox
* Downloads files in parallel
* Integrated video viewing capabilities
* Built-in sharing to social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook and Myspace
Premium features include:
* Download, convert and copy files to a specific device
* Accelerated download
* Download audio only from a video file
# Prince Malachi

Prince Malachi (born Mark Wynter, 1969, London, England) is an English roots reggae singer.

## Biography

Wynter was born in south London, and is the son of jazz guitarist Winston Wynter.
He adopted the stagename Federal and worked as a deejay, performing on UK Sound systems such as Gemini, Fatman, Sir Coxsone, and Java during the 1980s. He became a Rastafari and changed his name to Prince Malachi. In 1997, he formed the Mount Ararat label with Bruno Wiener. In 1998, he released his first album, Jah Light, which garnered some international attention, under RAS Records. He then teamed up with Xterminator producer Philip "Fatis" Burrell on the "Love Jah" single and the album that followed in 1998. The following year, he released Watch Over We on RAS Records.
He recorded his next album, Runaway Slave, but his career was interrupted when he received a three-and-a-half-year prison sentence, of which he served 18 months, for what he described as "just a likkle thing that happened with me and babylon".

## Discography
### Singles

* "Dancing School" (Stingray)
* "Runaway Slave" (1998, Stingray)
* "This Feeling" (Stingray)
* "Greater Things in Life" (Stingray)
* "Our Country" (Xterminator)
* "Love Jah" (1998, Xterminator)
* "Watch Over We" (Xterminator)
* "You Can't Come In" (Xterminator)
* "Life Circle" (Jet Star/Xterminator)
* "Ready Fi Dem" (1998, Xterminator)
* "Fire It Is Blazing" (1998, Xterminator)
* "I've Searched" (VP/Xterminator)
* "Why Is It So" (2000, Harmony House)
* "Jah Love" (2003, Backyard Movements)
* "Can't Control I" (2003, Falasha)
* "I Know" (2004, Notorious)
* "Behold" (2004, Falasha)
* "1966" (2004, Blakamix)
* "Onward We Go" (2004, Stingray)
* "Time To Move On" (2004, Cousins)
* "Gideon Trod" (2006, Hi Tek)
* "Which Way" (2006, Vibes House)
* "Jah Guide Dem" (2006, Reggae Fever)
* "Jah Nah Sleep" (2006, Maximum Sound)
* "Heavy Load" (2007, Stingray)
* "Judgment Hour" (2007, Stingray)
* "Me & Them" (versatile riddim) (2008, Wake Up)

### Albums

* Jah Light (1998, Mount Ararat/RAS/Heartbeat)
* Love Jah (1999, VP) also issued as Prophet, Priest & King (1999, Xterminator)
* Watch Over We (1999, RAS)
* Runaway Slave (2004, Charm/Stingray)
* One Perfect Love (2007, Blakamix)
# National Parliament of the Solomon Islands

The National Parliament of the Solomon Islands is the legislature of the Solomon Islands. Its 50 members are elected for a four-year term in 50 single-seat constituencies.

## Latest elections

| | Ownership, Unity and Responsibility Party | 83,279 | 24.07 | 15 | New |
| | Solomon Islands Democratic Party | 66,808 | 19.31 | 11 | +3 |
| | Solomon Islands United Party | 46,662 | 13.49 | 6 | +4 |
| | Kadere Party | 16,906 | 4.89 | 1 | –7 |
| | Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement | 15,735 | 4.55 | 1 | 0 |
| | People First Party | 11,045 | 3.19 | 3 | +2 |
| | Umi for Change Party | 10,388 | 3.00 | 1 | New |
| | People's Liberal Democratic Party | 6,025 | 1.74 | 0 | New |
| | People's Alliance Party | 5,593 | 1.62 | 0 | –2 |
| | Democratic Alliance Party | 5,515 | 1.59 | 1 | –3 |
| | National Transformation Party | 1,116 | 0.32 | 0 | 0 |
| | Green Party Solomon Islands | 893 | 0.26 | 0 | 0 |
| | Solomon Islands Progressive Action Party | 349 | 0.10 | 0 | New |
| | Independents | 75,713 | 21.88 | 11 | –10 |
| Total | Total | 346,027 | 100.00 | 50 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 420,185 | – | | |
| Source: SIEC, SIBC, Solomon Islands Gazette ||||||
# United States Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sites

United States Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS-USA) is one of numerous national subsidiary committees of ICOMOS, forming a worldwide alliance for the study and conservation of historic buildings, districts, and sites. It is the center for international cultural resources exchange in the United States, working to share preservation information and expertise globally. It also showcases and explains the unique American preservation system, which involves partnerships between private organizations and federal, state, and local governments, as well as collaboration among the academic community, professionals, and civic volunteers.
ICOMOS-USA is one of the largest national committees of ICOMOS, comprising over 500 members in the United States and abroad. As the primary preservation organization with a global focus in the United States, ICOMOS-USA serves as the principle gateway for the participation of U.S. preservation professionals in worldwide heritage conservation. The organization guides and promotes activities through an extensive membership network of preservation professionals, institutions, and organizations, including specialized scientific committees. ICOMOS-USA also organizes an annual international scientific symposium, an International Intern Exchange Program, and occasional special training courses and workshops.
ICOMOS-USA is supported by World Heritage USA, which raises funds and organizes and carries out activities and programs on behalf of ICOMOS-USA. Learn more about ICOMOS-USA at www.ICOMOS-USA.org and about World Heritage USA at www.WorldHeritageUSA.org.
# Neptune's Daughter

Neptune's Daughter may refer to:
* Neptune's Daughter (1914 film)
* Neptune's Daughter (1949 film)
* Neptune's Daughter (1906 play) at the New York Hippodrome
# Bayerfeld-Steckweiler

Bayerfeld-Steckweiler is a municipality in the Donnersbergkreis district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Bayerfeld-Steckweiler has an area of 1.49 km² and a population of 408 (as of December 31, 2020).
# Bulbophyllum lecouflei

Bulbophyllum lecouflei is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Schwarzberg (Vogtland)

Schwarzberg is a mountain of Saxony, southeastern Germany.
# Orth, Minnesota

Orth is an unincorporated community in Nore Township, Itasca County, Minnesota, United States, located in the northwestern corner of the county.
The community is located southwest of Northome; along Itasca County Road 30. The North Cormorant River is in the vicinity. U.S. Highway 71 and State Highway 46 (MN 46) are both nearby.
Nearby places include Bergville, Northome, Houpt, Funkley, Blackduck, and Alvwood.
Orth is located five miles southwest of Northome and 14 miles northeast of Blackduck. Orth is nine miles northwest of Alvwood and 47 miles northwest of Deer River. The boundary line between Itasca, Koochiching, and Beltrami counties is nearby.
Orth is located within ZIP code 56661, based in Northome. A post office previously operated in the community of Orth, first as Bridgie (1895–1908), and then as Orth (1908–1930), until its closing in 1930.
# Dušica Žegarac

Dušica Žegarac (Serbian Cyrillic: Душица Жегарац; 15 April 1944 – 24 May 2019) was a Serbian film and television actress. She began acting in 1960 and her first appearance was in France Štiglic's film The Ninth Circle (Deveti krug), for which she won the Golden Arena for Best Actress at the Pula Film Festival, the Yugoslav national film awards.
She won her second Golden Arena for starring in Zdravko Randić [sr]'s 1971 film Opklada [sr].
In 2014, Žegarac's memoir Kao na filmu was released.
# Neocollyris modica

Neocollyris modica is a species in the tiger beetle family Cicindelidae. It was described by Naviaux in 1994.
# Chestnut Ridge, Indiana

Chestnut Ridge is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Indiana, in the United States.

## History

A post office was established at Chestnut Ridge in 1878. Renamed Chestnut in 1894, the post office was discontinued in 1902.
# Arakawa River (Kantō)

The Arakawa River or Ara River (Japanese: 荒川, Hepburn: Arakawa, "kawa" (川) already means "river") is a 173-kilometre (107 mi) long river that flows through Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo. Its average flow in 2002 was 30 m$^3$/s.
It originates on Mount Kobushi in Saitama Prefecture, and empties into Tokyo Bay. It has a total catchment area of 2,940 km$^2$ (1,140 sq mi).
The river is one of Tokyo's major sources of tap water, and together with the Tone River, accounts for around 80% of Tokyo's water supply as of 2018. The Okubo water purification plant takes water from the river.

## History

Attempts to control flooding of the Arakawa River have been made since the area that is now Tokyo became the de facto capital of Japan during the Edo period. Following a major flood in 1910 that damaged a large part of central Tokyo, a 22-kilometre (14 mi) long drainage canal was constructed between 1911 and 1924. In 1996 an agreement was signed to make it a "sister river" of the Potomac River in the eastern United States. This means that officials and volunteers from both river areas collaborate with each other.

## In popular culture

This river is also depicted in many anime such as Toaru Kagaku no Railgun and Arakawa Under the Bridge, which is set on the riverbank.
The Arakawa plays a small but significant background role in the game Yakuza 4. Main character Masayoshi Tanimura spends the game trying to discover who murdered his father, Taigi, whose body was dumped in the Arakawa after he was killed.
# Netherlands national bandy team

The Dutch national bandy team represents the Netherlands in the sport of bandy.
The team made its international championship debut at the 1913 European Bandy Championships in Davos, Switzerland. However, the Netherlands did not compete in the Bandy World Championship before the 1990s, even if bandy actually has been played more or less regularly in the Netherlands since the early 20th Century. The Netherlands participated in their first World Championship tournament in 1991 and has been attending the tournaments regularly since the 2003 championship.
By the 1991 World Championship the team had the traditional Dutch orange jerseys, but before that the colours of the flag.
On 6 January 2014 the Dutch won a four nation tournament in Davos, a centenary celebration of the European Championship of 1913. The other teams were Czech Republic, Hungary, and Germany. The Netherlands also took part in the 2016 Davos Cup.
The current team is controlled by the Bandy Bond Nederland.
# Neripteron auriculatum

Neripteron auriculatum is a species of brackish water and freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae, the nerites.
Neripteron auriculatum is the type species of the genus Neripteron.

## Distribution

India

## Human use

It is a part of ornamental pet trade for freshwater aquaria.
# Neogene corumbensis

Neogene corumbensis is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia.
The forewings are 23 mm long in males and 25 mm in females. It is mainly brown.
# Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

The Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal. It is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association. It is abstracted and indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE/Index Medicus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 7.186. The journal's current editor-in-chief is Denis Fouque (Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France).