OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# TMEM70

Transmembrane protein 70 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM70 gene. It is a transmembrane protein located in the mitochondrial inner membrane involved in the assembly of the F1 and Fo structural subunits of ATP synthase. Mutations in this gene have been associated with neonatal mitochondrial encephalo-cardiomyopathy due to ATP synthase (Complex V) deficiency, causing a wide variety of symptoms including 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, lactic acidosis, mitochondrial myopathy, and cardiomyopathy.

## Structure

The TMEM70 gene has 4 exons and is located on the q arm of chromosome 8 in position 21.11 and spans 6,642 base pairs. The gene produces a 29 kDa protein composed of 260 amino acids. The encoded protein is a multi-pass transmembrane protein localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane. It contains two putative transmembrane regions and the conserved domain DUF1301.

## Function

The encoded protein is involved in the assembly of the F1 and Fo structural subunits of ATP synthase.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in the TMEM70 gene have been associated with neonatal mitochondrial encephalocardiomyopathy due to nuclear type 2 Complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency. There are a wide variety of possible symptoms depending on the mutation, including 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, dysmorphic features, psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, growth retardation, mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy, hepatomegaly, hypoplastic kidneys, and elevated lactate levels in urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Most notably, a c.317-2A→G mutation in the splice site of intron 2 of this gene caused aberrant splicing and the loss of the TMEM70 transcript. This resulted in ATP synthase deficiency symptomized by apneoic spells, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, profound lactic acidosis, hyperammonaemia, psychomotor retardation, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, failure to thrive, and severe muscular hypotonia. Also noted in some patients were hypospadias, intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly and cryptorchidism, but most patients did not survive the neonatal period.
Another mutation (c.366A>T) in the second exon of this gene caused an amino acid substitution (Y112X), resulting in Nuclear Type 2 Mitochondrial Complex V deficiency symptomized by lactic acidosis, psychomotor retardation, facial dysmorphism, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hypospadia.
A study of mitochondrial morphology in patients with mutations in this gene revealed disorganization of the mitochondrial nucleoid. Mitochondria were abnormal, with whorled cristae and disrupted nucleoid clusters of mtDNA. The nucleoids and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes were confined to the outer rings of the whorls.

## Interactions

The encoded protein has protein-protein interactions with RAB2A, PHC2, NDUFAF8, NDUFS5, COX6B1, ECSIT, NDUFAF4, and COA3.
# Fenny Compton railway station

Fenny Compton railway station was a railway station serving Fenny Compton in Warwickshire, England.

## History

The Great Western Railway opened the station in 1852 on its Oxford and Rugby Railway. It would have formed the junction with its proposed Birmingham and Oxford Junction Railway. In 1871 the East and West Junction Railway opened its own Fenny Compton West station immediately next to it on its line between Stratford-upon-Avon and Towcester.
Parliament passed the Oxford and Rugby Railway Act in 1846, and a single track broad gauge line was opened in 1850 between Oxford and Banbury. In 1846 Parliamentary approval had also been sought for the Birmingham and Oxford Junction Railway. The two lines would meet 2 miles (3 km) north of Fenny Compton, near Knightcote, and at Oxford the ORR would connect with the GWR line from London Paddington. Parliament considered that the lines would provide useful competition for the London and Birmingham Railway which had become part of the London and North Western Railway. It gave approval subject to the lines being bought and operated by the GWR.
To discourage the GWR from proceeding, the LNWR approached the shareholders of the Oxford and Birmingham Company individually to buy their shares with view to forcing the price as high as possible - resulting in questions being asked in Parliament.
However, while the Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846 required that all new railways should be built to standard gauge, the GWR had been given a number of dispensations to continue with its broad gauge, including its lines from Oxford. The question arose of where the break-of-gauge should be – Oxford or Rugby – a dilemma the LNWR doubtless exploited. If the latter it would mean the GWR having a section of standard gauge line, including part of its Birmingham line. As a result, in August 1849 the section of the Rugby line north of Fenny Compton was abandoned. Then in 1848 Parliament ordered that the Oxford to Birmingham line be relaid to mixed gauge. By 1889 it was finally laid to standard gauge.
British Railways closed Fenny Compton station to passenger traffic from 2 November 1964. The GWR line remains as the present day Didcot to Chester line. A stub of the Stratford-upon-Avon line remains as a freight line leading to the MoD Kineton Military Railway. The station trackwork remains much as it was, but the platforms and most of the buildings have gone. Going north from Fenny Compton toward Leamington Spa the line curves gently to the right, on the course that would have taken it to Rugby via Southam. After about 2 miles (3 km) the line starts to curve to the left, and at this point (grid reference SP408562), earthworks for the abandoned Rugby line are still visible curving away to the right.

## Routes

| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Cropredy Line open, station closed | | Great Western Railway Chiltern Main Line | | Southam Road and Harbury Line open, station closed |
# Niagara Falls Rapids

The Niagara Falls Rapids were a Class-A minor league baseball team located in Niagara Falls, New York. The team played in the New York–Penn League throughout its existence. The team played all of their home games at Sal Maglie Stadium.
The team began in 1970 as the Niagara Falls Pirates, and were affiliated with the Pittsburgh Pirates until 1977. In 1982, the team became affiliated with the Chicago White Sox and took up the new name the Niagara Falls Sox. The affiliation with the White Sox would last until 1985. Then after a four-year hiatus the team was reestablished and affiliated with the Detroit Tigers under the Rapids name. However, in 1993 the team relocated to Jamestown, New York, and became the Jamestown Jammers.

## Notable alumni

* Dale Berra (1975)
* John Cangelosi (1982)
* Tony Clark (1992) MLB All-Star
* Terry Collins (1971)
* Chuck Cottier (1971–1972)
* Miguel Dilone (1972)
* Doug Drabek (1983) MLB All-Star; 1990 NL Cy Young Award
* Steve Farr (1977)
* Bobby Higginson (1992)
* Al Holland (1975) MLB All-Star
* Rick Honeycutt (1976) 2x MLB All-Star; 1983 AL ERA Title
* Odell Jones (1972)
* Brian Moehler (1993)
* Omar Moreno (1970, 1972) 2x NL Stolen Base Leader
* Ed Ott (1970)
* Larry Parrish (1992–1993) 2x MLB All-Star
* Aurelio Rodriguez (1990)
* Luis Salazar (1976)
* Rod Scurry (1974)
* Bobby Thigpen (1985) MLB All-Star
* Randy Velarde (1985)
# Thomas S. Candler

Thomas Slaughter Candler (December 15, 1890 – September 15, 1971) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia from 1945 to 1966.

## Biography

Born in Blairsville, Georgia, Candler received a B.A. from Young Harris College in 1913, followed by a J.D. from the University of Georgia in 1915. He was shortly thereafter elected mayor of Blairsville, serving in that office from 1916 to 1920. From 1927 to 1938, he served as United States commissioner for northeast Georgia. He was judge of the Superior Court of the Northeast Circuit from 1939 to 1945, when Governor Ellis Arnall appointed Candler to a newly established seat on the state supreme court. Candler ran for election to the full term, and remained on the court until his retirement in 1966. He was at various times in his career involved in the state Democratic Party.

## Personal life and death

Candler had a wife, Beulah, with whom he had two daughters and one son.
He died at a hospital in Blairsville following a two-week illness, at the age of 80.
# Bernd Höcker

Bernd Höcker (born 3 February 1953) is a German journalist and author from Hamburg. He is known for his campaigning against the GEZ (German public broadcasting).

## Publications
### Literature

* Bernd Höcker: GEZ abschaffen!: Einblicke in die Dunkelwelt des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks, Höcker Verlag Oktober 2006
* Bernd Höcker: Blockwart TV – Wie sehr uns der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk schadet, 2009
* Bernd Höcker: Böse Gutmenschen – Wer uns heute mit schönen Worten in den Abgrund führt, Kopp Verlag 2015
* Bernd Höcker: Erfolgreich gegen den Rundfunkbeitrag 2013"
* Bernd Höcker: Vegetarier Handbuch, Höcker Verlag
* Bernd Höcker: Bernds Kampfbüchlein: Erste Hilfe bei schweren Konflikten: strategisch, juristisch, psychologisch. Dieses Buch klärt auf über juristisches Vorgehen und über Maßnahmen im Schatten des Rechts.

## Sources

* ↑ "Krawallblogger erfährt Streisand-Effekt – verdient? " Rechtsanwalt Markus Kompa – Fachanwalt für Urheber- und Medienrecht, Köln". Retrieved 16 May 2017.
* ↑ Sawall, Achim (5 January 2010). "Abmahnung: GEZ-kritisches Blog zur Löschung von Inhalten gezwungen". Die Zeit. ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
# Electric eel (disambiguation)

An electric eel is a freshwater fish of the genus Electrophorus, able to generate powerful electric shocks.
The term may also refer to:
* Electric Eel (roller coaster), a roller coaster at SeaWorld San Diego
* electric eels, a punk rock band from Cleveland, Ohio active between 1972 and 1975
* Ampaire Electric EEL, a hybrid electric aircraft
* Electric Eel Shock, a Japanese, garage metal band, active since the late 1990s
# Carl Gottlieb Peschel

Carl Gottlieb Peschel (31 March 1798, Dresden – 3 July 1879, Dresden) was a German painter. He was a member of the Nazarene movement.

## Biography

Beginning in 1812, he became a student at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. When Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein was commissioned to paint the ceilings at the Schloss Pillnitz, Peschel worked as his assistant. He inherited part of his father's military pension and used the money to finance a study trip to Rome with his friend Adolf Zimmermann in 1825-1826. When he returned home, he supported himself by giving drawing lessons and painting snuff cans. After the Saxon Art Association bought his painting Eliezer and Rebecca at the Well, he was able to give full attention to his work.
He was commissioned to complete the frescoes at the Härtel House in Leipzig after Bonaventura Genelli had gotten into several quarrels and walked off the job. From 1836 to 1838, he was engaged by Johann Gottlob von Quandt to paint frescoes, depicting episodes from the works of Goethe, at his manor "Belvedere" in the Schönfeld Upland. In 1837, he became a teacher at the Dresden Academy, replacing Christian Ernst Stölzel, and was appointed a professor in 1846. He became a member of the Academic Council there in 1859. He retired in 1877.
Although he originally preferred motifs from the Old Testament, from 1850 on his paintings were more often related to the New Testament.
A street in Dresden has been named the "Peschelstrasse" in his honor.

## Illustrations

* In: ABC-Buch für kleine und große Kinder / gezeichnet von Dresdner Künstlern. Mit Erzählungen und Liedern von R. Reinick und Singweisen von Ferdinand Hiller. Leipzig: Wigand, 1845. (Digitalized by the University and State Library Düsseldorf)

## Writings

* Carl Peschel: Das Buch Tobiä in elf bildlichen Darstellungen. Zur Förderung frommen Sinnes herausgegeben mit einem Vorworte begleitet von D. August Hahn. C. G. Börner, Leipzig, 1830.
# Alastor pentheri

Alastor pentheri is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae.
# Endotricha flammealis

Endotricha flammealis, the rose-flounced tabby, is a species of snout moth, family Pyralidae.

## Taxonomy

The proposed subspecies carnealis and several supposed varieties seem to be indistinguishable from typical individuals found in Austria.

## Distribution

This species can be found in western, central and southern Europe and nearby regions. Its range extends to Turkey, Crimea, Cyprus, Iran (via the Caucasus), to Lebanon and Syria, and to Algeria and Tunisia.

## Habitat

These moths inhabit grassland, heathland, woodland, fens, scrub and gardens.

## Description

Endotricha flammealis has a wingspan of 18–23 mm. The forewings are oblong, rather pointed at the tip. The antennae of males are pubescent. The basic colour of the wings is extremely variable. It is usually ochre in colour, brown or pale brown, but it may also be pinkish brown. On the edge of the forewings there are characteristic darker brown markings and bright or pinkish lines. The front edge of the forewings shows also a series of small white spots. Sometimes the moths may be light coloured without almost no markings. These moths have usually a distinctive resting posture, with the head and the front part of the body raised on its forelegs and with bottom of wings touching the surface. The caterpillars are brownish.

## Biology

The moths fly from July to August in the temperate parts of its range (e.g. in the British Isles) and are attracted to light. They mainly feed on nectar of Calluna vulgaris, Tanacetum vulgare, Chamerion angustifolium, Buddleja davidii, Heracleum sphondylium and Jacobaea vulgaris.
The females lay their eggs in summer on the underside of leaves. The caterpillars typically feed on common agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria) and bilberries (Vaccinium), as well as on various plant remains and on dry leaves of willows (Salix) and oaks (Quercus).
# Rhinotropis subspinosa

Rhinotropis subspinosa, synonym Polygala subspinosa, is a species of flowering plant in the milkwort family known by the common name spiny milkwort. It is native to the southwestern United States, where it grows in desert and plateau habitat. It is a perennial herb or small shrub growing in a clump no more than 25 centimeters tall. The stems have woody bases and green, thorn-tipped branches. The leaves are up to 3 centimeters in length and generally oval in shape. The flowers have winglike pairs of bright pink sepals and the keeled central petal is tipped with a yellowish beak, sometimes fringed at the tip.
# Bayergorgia

Bayergorgia is a monotypic genus of corals belonging to the family Plexauridae. The only species is Bayergorgia vermidoma.
The species is found in southernmost South America.
# Rhondda Labour and Liberal Association

The Rhondda Labour and Liberal Association was a political grouping in the Rhondda, Glamorgan, Wales which sought to bridge the gulf between middle-class Liberal supporters and trade unionists who supported the principle of electing working men to public office. It was founded in the wake of the 1885 General Election in the Rhondda when William Abraham (Mabon) triumphed over the official Liberal candidate, Frederick Lewis Davis.
# Beaufort (automobiles)

Beaufort was a German manufacturer of automobiles solely for the British market. It existed from 1901 to 1906 and was established with English capital.
A notable piece of company history is that a Beaufort car was the first vehicle to climb Copenhagen's 'Round Tower' landmark (1902).
# Beaufort-sur-Gervanne

Beaufort-sur-Gervanne (French pronunciation:; Vivaro-Alpine: Beufòrt de Gervana) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Bayonne, Nebraska

Bayonne is an extinct town in Cherry County, in the U.S. state of Nebraska. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place.

## History

A post office was established at Bayonne in 1914, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1934. The community was named after Bayonne, in France.
# Richard Janíček

Richard Janíček (died 21 March 2007) was a Czech motorcycle speedway. He represented the Czechoslovak national speedway team.

## Speedway career

In 1946, Janíček started racing on road circuits.
Janíček was champion of Czechoslovakia after winning the Czechoslovakia Championship in 1958.
He also won the Czechoslovak Team Speedway Championship with Rudá Hvězda Praha.
He died in 2007.
# Ricardo Fernandes

Ricardo Fernandes may refer to:
* Ricardo Fernandes (badminton) (born 1972), Portuguese badminton player
* Ricardo Fernandes (footballer, born January 1978), Portuguese football defender
* Ricardo Fernandes (footballer, born April 1978), Portuguese football midfielder
* Ricardo Fernandes (footballer, born 1991), Portuguese football midfielder
* Ricardo Fernandes (footballer, born 1994), Portuguese football goalkeeper
* Ricardo Fernandes (futsal player) (born 1986), Portuguese futsal player
* Ricardo Fernandes (footballer, born 2002), Santomean football left-back
# Beauvilliers, Eure-et-Loir

Beauvilliers (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
# Beauvilliers

Beauvilliers may refer to:
* Beauvilliers (surname), a French surname, also of French nobility
* Communes in France:
** Beauvilliers, Eure-et-Loir, in the Eure-et-Loir department
** Beauvilliers, Loir-et-Cher, in the Loir-et-Cher department
** Beauvilliers, Yonne, in the Yonne department
# Beauvilliers, Yonne

Beauvilliers (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.
# Richard Ligon

Richard Ligon (1585?–1662), an English author, lost his fortune as a royalist during the English Civil War (1642-1651), and during this turbulent time in England he found himself, as he notes in his narrative, a "stranger in my own country.” On 14 June 1647, he left for Barbados to gain his fortune in the New World, like many of his fellow countrymen. Ligon purchased half of a sugar plantation in Barbados. After two years residence on the island he was attacked by a fever, and returned to England in 1650. He was soon afterward put into prison by his creditors. There are conflicting reports as to whether his narrative was conceived of in prison as a way to pay off his creditors and gain his freedom, or before his imprisonment at the urging of Brian Duppa, Bishop of Salisbury. His work, a folio with maps and illustrations, is entitled A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbados and was published in London in 1657 and again in 1673.

## Importance in literary analysis

Ligon's portrait of life in Barbados has made it into a number of literary journals and historical texts in an attempt by many scholars to derive exactly what life in the islands was like and exactly how Europeans, particularly the English, perceived slaves and their role in the sugar trade. One review in the journal Early American Literature offers a more linguistic approach to Ligon's texts. Author Thomas W. Krise reviews Keith A. Sandiford's analysis of words like "sweet" and "negotiation" in Ligon and says that such an analysis calls attention to various systems of contradiction present in our current understanding of Old World Caribbean culture.

## Sources

* Castillo, Susan & Schweitzer, Ivy, eds. (2001). The Literatures of Colonial America: An Anthology. Blackwell Anthologies. Malden, MA & Oxford, England: Blackwell. pp. 205–213. ISBN 9780631211259. OCLC 44461834. OL 6786942M. Retrieved 2022-10-10 – via the Internet Archive.
* Krise, Thomas W. (2002). "Review of The Cultural Politics of Sugar: Caribbean Slavery and Narratives of Colonialism by Keith A. Sandiford". Early American Literature. 37 (3): 554–557. doi:10.1353/eal.2002.0028. ISSN 1534-147X. JSTOR 25057287. OCLC 5543810312. S2CID 153709770.
# Beckhampton Avenue

The Beckhampton Avenue was a curving prehistoric avenue of stones that ran broadly south west from Avebury towards The Longstones at Beckhampton in the English county of Wiltshire. It probably dates to the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age.
Only one stone, known as Adam, remains standing and even in William Stukeley's time (early 18th century) there was little evidence on the surface of the avenue. The other stones were probably broken up and sold by local landowners in the post-medieval era. Excavations by the University of Southampton in 2000, however, revealed the parallel rows of holes that held the stones. 120 m of the avenue was uncovered and indicated that the avenue consisted of a double row of stones placed at 15 m intervals in a similar pattern to those at Kennet Avenue.
Stukeley's theory was that the two avenues were part of a giant 'snake' winding across the landscape with its head at The Sanctuary and also incorporating the Avebury monument.
The avenue may have originally extended further past the Longstones, with Adam being part of the 'cove' or standing stone arrangement sited along its course. Eve is a known part of the avenue leading back to the western gateway of the henge, which included what is now the village high street.
Before the avenue was built, the site was host to an earlier Neolithic causewayed enclosure.
# Beckstar Sangma

Beckstar Sangma was an Indian politician and member of the Nationalist Congress Party. Sangma was a member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly from the Rongchugiri constituency in West Garo Hills district as Indian National Congress candidate in 1993 and 1998.
# Beka Sheklashvili

Beka Sheklashvili is a Georgian rugby union player. He plays for Georgia and for US Colomiers in Pro D2.
# Richard Nugent, 3rd Earl of Westmeath

Richard Nugent, 3rd Earl of Westmeath, born before 1669, died April 1714, was an Irish peer and Roman Catholic monk.
Nugent was the eldest son of Christopher Nugent, Lord Delvin and Mary Butler (a daughter of Colonel Hon. Richard Butler and Lady Frances Tuchet). He succeeded his grandfather, Richard Nugent, 2nd Earl of Westmeath, as 3rd Earl. However, he was a Capuchin friar based in France and so had no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother, Thomas Nugent, 4th Earl of Westmeath.
# Beer in the Netherlands

Beer in the Netherlands mostly comprises pale lagers like Heineken and Grolsch. Heineken is the world's second-largest brewer.
While pale lager makes up the majority of beer in the Netherlands, Dutch brewers also produce witbier (wheat beer) and Bok, closely related to German Bock.
The Netherlands exports the most beer of any country in the world – approximately 50% of production. In 2004, almost 1,300 million litres were exported out of a total production of 2,300 million litres.

## Breweries

There are three major brewery companies in the Netherlands: Heineken (also brews Amstel), Grolsch, and Bavaria. Belgian breweries also take part in the market. Inbev for example sells Jupiler in the Dutch market. According to the Centraal Brouwerij Kantoor, Heineken controls about fifty percent of the market and the other three fifteen percent each. Between the them, the large companies operate eight breweries. In addition to the multinationals, there are five independent lager breweries and around forty five small, new microbreweries and brewpubs. A dozen other companies own no brewing plant themselves and have their beers brewed by third parties in the Netherlands or Belgium. The new breweries mostly brew top-fermenting beers roughly similar to those from Belgium. In addition there are also examples of British-style ales and traditional lagers.
The Dutch province, North Brabant, is home to two of the ten Trappist Breweries. The monks that run the Koningshoeven Brewery in Berkel-Enschot brew several beers, mostly branded La Trappe, and has been active since 1884, while the De Kievit brewery of the Zundert abbey was only founded in 2013 and brews a beer named Zundert. The four classics La Trappe Trappist beers are awarded with Golden European Beer stars in 2018. La Trappe Blond did won a Golden award in the World Beer Cup 2016. It was chosen as winner out of 6600 other international beers.
Some beers have their own regional consumption base. Bavaria, Budels and Dommelsch are popular in North Brabant. Grolsch is a favourite in the eastern province Overijssel.