OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Divyamani

Divyamani (pronounced Divyamaṇi, meaning the divine gem) is a rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is the 48th in the series. It is called Jeevantika or Jeevantini in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

## Structure and Lakshana

It is the 6th rāgam in the 8th chakra Vasu. The mnemonic name is Vasu-Sha. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gi mi pa dhu nu. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
* ārohaṇa: S R₁ G₂ M₂ P D₃ N₃ Ṡ
* avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₃ D₃ P M₂ G₂ R₁ S
(the notes used in this scale are shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, prati madhyamam, shatsruthi dhaivatham, kakali nishadham)
As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Roopavati, which is the 12th melakarta.

## Janya rāgams

Divyamani has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for all rāgams associated with Divyamani.

## Compositions

A few compositions set to Divyamani are:
* Leela ganu joochi by Thyagaraja
* Appa muruga by Koteeswara Iyer

## Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Divyamani's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields no other melakarta rāgam.
# Divyansh

Divyansh is an Indian male given name and may refer to:
* Divyansh and Manuraj, an Indian musical duo
* Divyansh Singh Panwar, an Indian sport shooter
# Dirk Poot

Dirk Poot (born 1968) is a Dutch programmer and politician who is a former lijsttrekker and spokesperson for the board of the Pirate Party of the Netherlands. Poot was the lijsttrekker of the Dutch Pirate Party for the Dutch parliamentary elections in 2012 and fourth on the list for the Pirate Party in the 2010 Dutch parliamentary elections.

## Personal life

Poot studied business administration in Breukelen and medicine in Sint Eustatius.
He currently resides close to Breda in the Netherlands.

## Professional work

Poot is a self-employed computer programmer, focusing on medical and education software. He has previously worked as a physician.

## Political activities

When he was younger, Poot was a member of the Jongerenorganisatie Vrijheid en Democratie (JOVD), the youth organization of the main Dutch conservative party, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).
He has been blogging about democracy, privacy, and medical issues since 2005. He has written about collection and storage of sensitive information in government databases, in particular the Electronic Patient Record (EPR).

### Dutch Pirate Party

Poot has been active with the Pirate Party since late 2009. He joined the party after discovering it through IRC while blogging about Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement.
He was fourth on the list for the Pirate Party in the 2010 Dutch parliamentary elections. Since 2011, he has been a member of the board of the Dutch Pirate Party, and the board's spokesperson since December 2011. In the 2012 parliamentary elections in the Netherlands, he was the first candidate of the Dutch Pirate Party.
# Peter and the Test Tube Babies

Peter and the Test Tube Babies are an English punk rock band, formed in Peacehaven, Sussex in 1978, by Derek "Strangefish" Greening and Peter Bywaters. Due to their humorous tongue-in-cheek lyrics, they have been considered part of the Punk pathetique subgenre.

## History

Peter and the Test Tube Babies were first featured in Sounds magazine in July 1980, and after a John Peel Radio One session, made their vinyl debut on the Brighton compilation album Vaultage 78.
In recent years the band has played at festivals including the 11th Antifest in 2005. They also had two songs on the Oi! compilation Oi! the Album in that same year. They favoured absurd lyrics and strange titles, such as "The Queen Gives Good Blow Jobs". In 1982, they covered the chart-topping Gary Glitter hit "I'm the Leader of the Gang (I Am)" on their album Pissed and Proud.
When the band is not touring, Bywaters offers English as a second language tuition on a live-in basis at his home in Brighton.
Strangefish currently hosts a punk rock radio show with Jimmy Skurvi of the Brighton punk band, Skurvi, on Brighton's Radio Reverb. The shows are also shown every week on his podcast page.
In 2017, Bywaters was refused entry and deported from the US; he stated that this occurred because he had imitated Donald Trump the previous year; U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials said it was because he had the wrong visa.

## Members
### Current line-up

* Peter Bywaters — Vocals
* Derek "Strangefish" Greening — Guitar
* Nick Abnett — Bass
* Sam Fuller — Drums

### Original line-up

* Peter Bywaters — Vocals
* Derek "Strangefish" Greening — Guitar
* Chris "Trapper" Marchant — Bass
* Trev Rutherford — Drums
Dave Kent - Drums 1978–1979

## Discography
### Albums

* Pissed and Proud, 1982
* The Mating Sounds of South American Frogs, 1983
* Journey to the Centre of Johnny Clarke's Head, 1984
* The Loud Blaring Punk Rock LP, 1985
* Soberphobia, 1986
* Live and Loud!! - More Chin Shouting, 1990
* The $hit Factory, 1990
* Cringe, 1991
* Supermodels, 1995
* Schwein Lake Live, 1996
* Alien Pubduction, 1998
* A Foot Full of Bullets, 2005
* Piss Ups, 2012
* That Shallot, 2017
* Fuctifano, 2020

### EPs and singles

* "Banned From The Pubs", 1982
* "Run Like Hell", 1982
* 3 x 45, 1983
* The Jinx, 1983
* Zombie Creeping Flesh, 1983
* Pressed for Ca$h EP, 1984
* Rotting in the Fart Sack EP, 1985
* Key To The City, 1986
* Fuck The Millennium, 2000 (Free New Year's Eve Sampler)

### Compilation appearances

* Vaultage 78, 1978
* Oi The Album "Rob A Bank (Wanna)" 1980
* The Kids Are United "Rob A Bank" 1981
* Carry On Oi "Transvestite", "Maniac"1981
* The Secret Life of Punks "Maniac" 1982
* Punk and Disorderly, 1982
* There Is No Future "Banned From The Pubs", "Up Yer Bum" 1984
* Angels With Dirty Faces "Banned From The Pubs", "Moped Lads" 1984
* Viva La Revolution "Run Like Hell" 1985
* The Best of Peter and the Test Tube Babies, 1988
* Oi Chartbusters Vol.5 "Transvestite" 1989
* Test Tube Trash, 1994
* The Punk Singles Collection, 1995
# Peter McCarthy (film producer)

Peter McCarthy is an American film producer, screenwriter, director, and editor. He is best known as a producer on the film Repo Man.
Originally from Chicago, McCarthy moved to Los Angeles to attend film school at UCLA. There, he met Alex Cox and Jonathan Wacks, with whom he went on to make Repo Man. McCarthy and Wacks established a production company in Venice Beach and created the film as their first feature release. He continued producing films in the 1980s, including Sid and Nancy, I'm Gonna Git You Sucka, and Tapeheads. McCarthy directed his first film, Floundering, in 1994.
# Diversity and Distributions

Diversity and Distributions is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal on conservation biogeography. It was established in 1993 as Biodiversity Letters. The journal covers the applications of biogeographical principles, theories, and analyses to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity. The editors-in-chief are K. C. Burns, Luca Santini, and Aibin Zhan, who took over from Janet Franklin in 2019. After over two decades as editor-in-chief, David M. Richardson stepped down from the role in December 2015. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 4.092, ranking it 2nd out of 37 journals in the category "Biodiversity Conservation" and 20th out of 134 journals in the category "Ecology".

## 2018 resignation of the editorial board

A majority of the editorial board of the journal resigned in 2018 after Wiley allegedly blocked the publication of a letter protesting the publisher's decision to make the journal entirely open access.
# Divided Heaven

Divided Heaven may refer to:
* Divided Heaven (novel), translation of Der geteilte Himmel, a 1963 novel by Christa Wolf
* Divided Heaven (film), an East German drama film by Konrad Wolf and based on the novel
* Divided Heaven (band), Los Angeles–based indie-rock band
# Peter und Ännchen

Peter und Ännchen (Peter and Annie) is an opera (singspiel) in one act composed by Ludwig Abeille to a German libretto by Franz Carl Hiemer (1768–1822). The libretto was based on Charles Simon Favart and Marie Favart's text for Annette et Lubin, a comédie mêlée d'ariettes with music by Adolphe Benoît Blaise, which was in turn based on Jean-François Marmontel's morality tale of the same name. In Marmontel's story two orphaned cousins, Annette and Lubin, are raised together and later fall in love. When Annette becomes pregnant, the village priest and the magistrate forbid them to marry on the grounds of incest, but the local lord eventually persuades the Pope to allow the marriage.
Peter und Ännchen premiered on 29 September 1809 in the theatre of the Ludwigsburg Palace near Stuttgart. The opera was popular in Germany in its day and a version of the score for voice and piano was published by Breitkopf & Härtel. It was also performed in Paris in 1810 as Pierre et Annette. Franz Carl Hiemer had written the libretto for Abeille's first opera, Amor und Psyche (1800) as well as the libretti for Carl Maria von Weber's operas Silvana and Abu Hassan.

## Sources

* Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (December 26, 1810). "Recension: Peter und Ännchen", No. 65, p. 1050 (in German)
* Grove, George ed. (1900). "Abeille, Joh. Chr. Ludwig", Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Vol. 1, p. 4. MacMillan & Co. Ltd.
* Hardin, Richard F. (2000). Love in a Green Shade: Idyllic Romances Ancient to Modern. University of Nebraska Press, p. 75. ISBN 0-8032-2394-3
* Iacuzzi, Alfred (1978). The European Vogue of Favart: The Diffusion of the Opéra-comique. AMS Press, p. 363. ISBN 0-404-60165-0
# 2022 Kabul school bombing

2022 Kabul school bombing may refer to:
* April 2022 Kabul school bombing
* September 2022 Kabul school bombing
# Cipocereus crassisepalus

Cipocereus crassisepalus is a species of cactus endemic to the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil.

## Description

Cipocereus crassisepalus grows tree-shaped, branches irregularly and reaches heights of up to 2 meters. The dark green, segmented shoots have a diameter of up to 6 centimeters. There are 4 to 6 blunt ribs that are thickened around the areoles. Thick, reddish-brown wool and bristly hair initially emerge from the round areoles, which later turn gray until the areoles are finally bald. The initially shiny reddish-brown thorns turn gray with a darker tip. The 1 to 2 central spines are directed upwards and up to 3 centimeters long. The approximately 3 marginal spines are spread out and are up to 2.5 centimeters long.
The flowers are 4 centimeters to 7.5 centimeters long in diameter. The pear-shaped fruits are yellowish white and tinged with purple.

## Distribution

Cipocereus crassisepalus is widespread in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais in the Diamantina region.

## Taxonomy

The first description as Cereus crassisepalus was made in 1973 by Albert Frederik Hendrik Buining and Arnold J. Brederoo. The specific epithet crassisepalus is derived from the Latin words crassus for 'thick' and sepalum for 'sepal' and refers to the thick-fleshed outer perianth segments. Nigel Paul Taylor and Daniela Cristina Zappi (* 1965) placed the species in the genus Cipocereus in 1991. Further nomenclature synonyms are Piptanthocereus crassisepalus (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter (1979) and Pilosocereus crassisepalus (Buining & Brederoo) Anceschi & Magli (2010).
# Nord-Elm

Nord-Elm is a federation of municipalities (Samtgemeinde) in Helmstedt, Lower Saxony. Its capital is Süpplingen. It is a rural community, located in the Elm hills from which it receives its name. Nord-Elm has an area of 63.32 square kilometres (24.45 sq mi) and a population of around 5,634 people.
Its member municipalities are Frellstedt, Räbke, Süpplingen, Süpplingenburg, Warberg, and Wolsdorf.

## History

After a union ceremony on 16 December 1969, Nord-Elm was officially founded in 1970. They planned to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding in 2020, but it was postponed due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The celebration eventually took place on 22 May 2022.
52°14′00″N 10°55′00″E﻿ / ﻿52.2333333333°N 10.9166666667°E﻿ / 52.2333333333; 10.9166666667
# Daniel Mio

Daniel Charles Mio (12 May 1941 – 23 September 2021) was a French politician and teacher. He was known for his development of the Parc naturel régional Scarpe-Escaut [fr].

## Biography

Mio was born in Somain on 12 May 1941. His father was a train station manager. He studied at the École normale d'instituteurs de Douai from 1956 to 1960 and spent his military service in Saumur from 1962 to 1964. He became a teacher of mathematics at the Collège Victor-Hugo in Somain.
Mio moved to Rieulay in 1966 and became a Municipal Councilor in 1971. In 1977, he was elected mayor, a position he held until 2006. He was involved in the certification of spoil tip #144, which became the base des Argales. The area then became the Parc naturel régional Scarpe-Escaut and included parts of communes in the Arrondissement of Douai in 1986. He became its first President in 1989. He became a member of the Regional Council of Nord-Pas-de-Calais, serving from 1982 to 1992 and again from 1997 to 2004.
Mio resigned as mayor of Rieulay in 2006 and was replaced by Laurent Houllier. He served as President of the Centre historique minier de Lewarde [fr] from 1999 to 2008. He was succeeded by General Councilor of the Canton of Douai-Nord-Est [fr] and mayor of Raimbeaucourt Érick Charton. He became an Officer of the Ordre national du Mérite in 2013.
Daniel Mio died in Lille on 23 September 2021 at the age of 80. His funeral was held on 28 September at the Église Saint-Amand de Rieulay [fr] and he was buried at the Crématorium d'Orchies.
# Aaron Hawkins (engineer)

Aaron Roe Hawkins (born February 26, 1970) is an American engineer known for his work in optofluidics. He is a professor and chair in the department of electrical and computer engineering at Brigham Young University.

## Education and career

Hawkins was born in Rehoboth, New Mexico. He received his B.S. degree from the California Institute of Technology in applied physics in 1994, and went on to the University of California, Santa Barbara for his Ph.D. in electrical and computer engineering, which he completed in 1998. His dissertation, Silicon-Indium-Gallium-Arsenide Avalanche Photodetectors, was supervised by John E. Bowers. He held several jobs in industry before moving to Brigham Young in 2002.
He is a past Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

## Research

One of the research projects led by Hawkins developed optofluidic single-chip devices for rapid diagnosis of antibiotic resistance in bacterial infections. These devices operate on a sample of the bacteria causing the infection by attaching fluorescent markers to the genes for antibiotic resistance in DNA from the sample, using a laser to illuminate the marked samples, and scanning the resulting fluorescence to detect whether the genes are present. In their work on this project, Hawkins's team discovered that a layer of matte black nail polish with openings in specified locations could be used to make an effective light guide.
As well as his work on optofluidics, Hawkins has contributed his expertise to the Biological Oxidant and Life Detection proposed Mars landing mission, working on a mass spectrometry device to measure the size and electrostatic properties of Martian dust.

## Books

With Stephen Schultz, Hawkins is the author of the textbook Practically Magic: A Guide to Electrical and Computer Engineering (Kendall Hunt Publishing, 2013). Hawkins coedited the Handbook of Optofluidics (CRC Press, 2017) with Holger Schmidt.
Hawkins is also the author of a children's book, The Year Money Grew On Trees. The book, based on Hawkins' childhood in New Mexico, follows a thirteen-year-old who agrees to work the apple orchard of his neighbor.

## Short stories

Aaron Hawkin's current project is a series of short stories called 500 Ironic Stories. They are available to be read for free or listened to on many podcast platforms.

## Awards and honors

Hawkins was elected a Fellow of the Optical Society in 2015 for "developments in optical communications photodiodes and receivers, specifically wafer-fused photodiodes, and for contributions in the field of optofluidics, especially hollow-core waveguide-based analysis platforms." He was named as a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2016 "for contributions to optofluidics."
In 2019 he received the IEEE Photonics Society Engineering Achievement Award, jointly with his collaborator, Holger Schmidt of UC Santa Cruz, "for the invention and development of optofluidic waveguides and their applications, in particular commercialization for biomedical diagnostics."
# Bravos de Nuevo Laredo

The Bravos de Nuevo Laredo is a soccer club in the Mexican Football League Liga TDP in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez (Benito Juárez Sport Complex) is their home stadium. During Clausura 2011, the Bravos became Liga Premier Sub-Champs.

## History

The Bravos are an institution formed in 2004 by a group of business people in Nuevo Laredo, whose objective is to organize a soccer team in the city with aspirations it will become a professional soccer club.

### League Record

| Season | Rank | W | L | T |
| Apertura 2011 | 20 | 1 | 8 | 5 |
| Clausura 2011 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 3 |
| Apertura 2012 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 4 |
| Clausura 2012 | 19 | 4 | 6 | 5 |
| Apertura 2013 | 21 | 4 | 7 | 4 |
| Clausura 2014 | 30 | 4 | 10 | 1 |
# OHCA

OHCA may refer to:
* Oklahoma Health Care Authority
* Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
* Otterhound Club of America
# Shook (magazine)

Shook was an underground independently produced British music magazine, based in London, which covered various forms of black music and electronic music.
The magazine covered the current black music scene in both the UK and around the rest of the world.

## Publishing

It was published in the UK and distributed for sale across the whole country, much of Europe, and also metropolitan areas of the US and beyond. It was published quarterly, however the actual number of issues fluctuated year on year, and it didn't have a regular release date, so regular purchasers of the magazine often had to keep an eye out for its release. Covermount CDs or tapes were not included with the magazine, although with a subscription, a free compilation or artist album was often included as a bonus with the first edition the subscriber receives.

## Content and themes

Shook magazine did not have a set slogan, but it covered jazz music at the center, with other black musics from around the world—especially soulful electronic music—forming the core of its focus. While some of the magazine contained charts from eminent DJs on the scene or articles on underground music scenes around the world, it also had an eye on contemporary artwork, and underground fashionable trends in and outside various music communities usually not generally well-known about outside of the world's big urban centres (London, Paris, Tokyo, New York, San Francisco, et al.).
The magazine has sometimes been compared with both the US magazine publication Wax Poetics which has been around many years and continues both publication (both physical, and later, digital), and also to the now defunct British magazine Straight No Chaser.

## Versions

The magazine was mainly published for sale in physical non-glossy paper form, with distribution largely appearing in record shops, larger newsagents, and bookshops like Borders, but they also initially offer the first three editions for free digital distribution as dual-page PDFs – although, this did not continue.
The magazine continued to publish in physical form, with no digital versions of the magazine ever being made available. However, while the magazine did not regularly publish digital versions, it did later offer the last two issues (issues nine and ten) for PDF viewing and free download on the Issuu online publishing platform.
# Daniel Barrett (visual effects supervisor)

Daniel Barrett is an animation supervisor.
On January 24, 2012, he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for the film Rise of the Planet of the Apes.
Barrett received his second Oscar nomination for the sequel Dawn of the Planet of the Apes at the 87th Academy Awards, and his third for War for the Planet of the Apes at the 90th Academy Awards.
On March 12, 2023, Barrett won his first Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for Avatar: The Way of Water.
Barrett is an Aries.
# Petr Kašpar

Petr Kašpar (born 26 June 1960) is a retired Czech football defender.

## Director manager career

He began business career with traded fruit, clothing and furniture from Hungary, which were exported to the Czech Republic. Later he continued as a FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda club officer. Then he moved to Artmedia Petržalka as club officer. From 2010 he is a director general of ŠK Slovan Bratislava.
# Chwałki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Chwałki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Obrazów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Obrazów, 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Sandomierz, and 80 km (50 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Coca-Cola Trophy

The Coca-Cola Trophy was a series of criterium cycling races held annually throughout Germany from 1979 to 2000. The competition consisted of up to eight races contested in different German cities, generally located in the south of the country such as Sindelfingen, Heilbronn, Ulm, Erlangen, Regensburg, all of which contributing to the overall title.

## Winners

| 1979 : Klaus-Peter Thaler 1982 : Klaus-Peter Thaler 1983 : Gregor Braun 1984 : Henry Rinklin 1985 : Guido Van Calster 1986 : Dietrich Thurau 1987 : Dietrich Thurau | 1988 : Reimund Dietzen 1989 : Andreas Kappes 1990 : Ad Wijnands 1991 : Peter Gänsler 1992 : Raimund Lehnert 1993 : Erik Zabel | 1994 : Urs Freuler 1995 : Andreas Kappes 1996 : Gert Vanderaerden 1997 : Andreas Beikirch 1998 : Erik Zabel 1999 : Erik Zabel 2000 : Gian Matteo Fagnini |
# Prieska Commando

Prieska Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History
### Operations
#### With the SADF

During this era, the unit was mainly engaged in area force protection, search and cordones as well as stock theft control assistance to the rural police.
The unit resorted under the command of Group 23.

#### With the SANDF
##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonels | To |
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
# Acarai River

The Acarai River is a river of Pará state in north-central Brazil, a tributary of the Xingu River.
The river runs through the 1,288,720 hectares (3,184,500 acres) Verde para Sempre Extractive Reserve, a sustainable use conservation unit created in 2004, before discharging into the Xingu.
# OH4

OH-4 may refer to:
* Ohio's 4th congressional district
* Original military designation of the Bell 206.
* Ohio State Route 4