OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cyanika

Cyanika is a village in Rwanda. It sits adjacent to Kyanika, across the international border with neighboring Uganda. Cyanika, also refers to Cyanika Sector, one of the 17 administrative divisions of Burera District.

## Location

Cyanika is located in Cyanika Sector, Burera District, Northern Province, approximately 121 kilometres (75 mi), by road, north-west of Kigali, the capital and largest city of Rwanda. The geographical coordinates of Cyanika, Burera District, Rwanda are: 1°20'40.0"S, 29°44'32.0"E (Latitude:-1.344444; Longitude:29.742222). Cyanika sits at an average elevation of 1,957 metres (6,421 ft), above sea level.

## Overview

Cyanika/Kyanika is one of the three major road crossings between Rwanda to the south and Uganda to the north. The other to are Gatuna/Katuna and Kagitumba/Mirama Hills.
In February 2019, Rwanda closed its borders to Ugandans and Ugandan goods, including at the Chanika/Kyanika border crossing. As a result, the annual trade worth approximately US$180 million to Uganda and about US$10 million to Rwanda came to a halt. As of February 2020, attempts by the presidents of Angola, João Lourenço and of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Félix Tshisekedi, have not yet resolved the impasse.

## Points of interest

The border crossing is in close proximity to Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda, Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda, and Virunga National Park, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Cécile Hugonnard-Roche

Cécile Hugonnard-Roche is a French pianist and piano assistant teacher at the Conservatoire de Paris and has taught at the École normale de musique de Paris.
As of 2016, Hugonnard-Roche teaches the piano at the Saint-Maur-des-Fossés conservatory.

## Biography

Hugonnard-Roche studied music at the Conservatoire de Paris where she was taught by Vlado Perlemuter, Jean Hubeau and Dominique Merlet. There she won four First Prizes: piano, chamber music, harmony and accompaniment.
Thanks to a postgraduate scholarship, she spent two years perfecting her skills with foreign masters, thus broadening and deepening her repertoire.
Second prize (first nominated) at the Geneva International Music Competition in 1976, she also won the Schumann Prize and the Alex de Vries Foundation Prize (Antwerp).
Since then, she has been invited to play regularly in numerous festivals and has performed as soloist and chamber music throughout Europe, Brazil, Southeast Asia and Japan.
For the label "Quantum" she has recorded a CD dedicated to Robert Schumann, a second to Prokofiev and a third of French two-piano music with André Cauvin.
For "Bayard Musique", she records in the series Les Grands Chefs-d'œuvre, Schumann's Fantasy pieces and Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 11.
   Cécile Hugonnard-Roche expresses with sensitivity and determination the passionate vehemences, tensions and lyricism, highlighting the overall architecture... An artist who makes the piano sing
# Perceptive Pixel

Perceptive Pixel was a developer and producer of multi-touch interfaces. It was purchased by Microsoft in 2012. Its technology is now used in fields including broadcast, defense, geo-intelligence, energy exploration, industrial design and medical imaging.

## Background

The company begain in 2006 as Perceptive Pixel, Inc., headquartered in New York City and maintaining offices in Mountain View, Portland, and Washington, D.C. Prior to the company's establishment, founder Jeff Han publicly demonstrated multitouch hardware and software technology at a TED conference in February 2006. The company was founded later in the same year. Subsequently, it shipped its first Multi-Touch Workstation and larger Multi-Touch Collaboration Wall in 2007. The latter gained widespread recognition for transforming the way CNN covered the 2008 US Presidential elections. In 2009, the Smithsonian awarded Perceptive Pixel the National Design Award in the inaugural category of Interaction Design. Throughout its history as a startup company, Perceptive Pixel had focused on ultra-high-end touch displays that were sold to large businesses in key niches.

## Microsoft acquisition

On July 9, 2012, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced that they would acquire Perceptive Pixel Inc. in a transaction that closed three weeks later on July 31. At that year's WPC conference, Ballmer stated the company hoped to use its newly acquired technology to enhance its Windows 8 operating system. Han also stated that the sale could allow their products to be more broadly available.
On January 21, 2015, Microsoft announced the Surface Hub during its Windows 10 launch. The new product was described as a next-generation device under the Surface brand and was developed by members of the Perceptive Pixel team.
# Eduardo Gordon Cañas

Eduardo Gordon Cañas (1918 − 8 November 2001) was a Chilean police officer and football leader who served as president of the Chilean Football Association, then called Asociación Central del Fútbol (ACF).

## Biography

During his period as president of the ACF, were created many clubs in bordering zones of Chile for geopolitical reasons, with the goal to generate a sense of belonging, especially in front of Peru and Bolivia. In that way, were established Cobreloa (1978), Deportes Iquique (1979) or Cobresal (1979).
In 1979, after a signature forgery scandal related to the Chile U-20 team, Gordon lost the ANFP elections to Abel Alonso, and, immediately afterward, Augusto Pinochet appointed him ambassador to Nicaragua.
# Chris Terkelsen

Chris Terkelsen (born 16 February 1972) is a Danish orienteering competitor and World champion. He won a gold medal in the 1997 World Orienteering Championships in Grimstad with the Danish Relay team. He received a silver medal in the 2005 World Orienteering Championships in Aichi (middle distance). He won the overall World Cup in 1998, and received a silver medal in the 2004 European Championships with the Danish relay team. Terkelsen won the 1997, 1998 and 2000 editions of the Jukola relay.
# Catnic Components Ltd v Hill & Smith Ltd

Catnic Components Ltd. v. Hill & Smith Ltd. [1982] R.P.C. 183 is a leading House of Lords decision on the nature of a patent and in particular the methods of claim construction.

## Background

Catnic Components had a patent for a steel lintel, used to provide structural support over a door or window opening in a brick wall. The lintel is hollow, being made from sheet steel pressed into a rectangular or trapezoidal shape with a wind to anchor the device to the surrounding brickwork. Part of the specification required a bar to "extend vertically". Hill & Smith created a virtually identical invention that had a bar that extended at an upwards slant, only 6 or 8 degrees from being completely vertical. Despite the difference the device worked entirely in the same way as Catnic's invention.
Catnic sued for patent infringement. At trial, the judge held there was an infringement under the "pith and marrow" doctrine. The Court of Appeal of England and Wales overturned the ruling as it held that the "vertical" requirement was an exact and essential element of the patent. The Law Lords reversed the decision of the Court of Appeal, finding that there was an infringement, and affirmed the use of purposive construction in patent interpretation.

## Opinion of the Court

Lord Diplock held that a patent must be read in a "purposive" manner that focuses on the essential features of the patent. He famously stated:
    My Lords, a patent specification is a unilateral statement by the patentee, in words of his own choosing, addressed to those likely to have a practical interest in the subject matter of his invention (i.e. "skilled in the art"), by which he informs them what he claims to be the essential features of the new product or process for which the letters patent grant him a monopoly. It is called "pith and marrow" of the claim. A patent specification should be given a purposive construction rather than a purely literal one derived from applying to it the kind of meticulous verbal analysis in which lawyers are too often tempted by their training to indulge. The question in each case is: whether persons with practical knowledge and experience of the kind of work in which the invention was intended to be used, would understand that strict compliance with a particular descriptive word or phrase appearing in a claim was intended by the patentee to be an essential requirement of the invention so that any variant would fall outside the monopoly claimed, even though it could have no material effect upon the way the invention worked.
# Col de la Croix (Corsica)

Col de la Croix (or Bocca a Croce) is a mountain pass in the department of Corse-du-Sud in France.
It is in the commune of Osani, and connects Porto and Galéria.
# Oregon Education Association

The Oregon Education Association (OEA) stands as the largest public education employees' union in the U.S. state of Oregon, advocating for the interests of 44,000 teachers and classified personnel. With local affiliates established in each of the state's 199 public school districts and 8 community colleges, the OEA serves as the state affiliate of the National Education Association.
Founded in 1927 as a non-profit educational organization, the Oregon Education Association (OEA) predates Oregon's Teacher-Board Consultation Law by almost four decades, marking one of the earliest collective bargaining laws for teachers in the United States. Its origins can be traced back to the Oregon State Educational Association, established in 1858. While the OEA engages in activities commonly associated with organized labor, it also prioritizes public educational policy and professional development programs.
In September 2008, the union's own professional-level employees went on strike against the union as their employer, protesting their workload and benefits. The strike was resolved, and the professional staff returned to work on October 13, 2008.
# Claude Crépeau

Claude Crépeau is a professor in the School of Computer Science at McGill University. Ηe was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1962. He received a master's degree from the Université de Montréal in 1986, and obtained his Ph.D. in Computer Science from MIT in 1990, working in the field of cryptography with Silvio Micali as his Ph.D. advisor and Gilles Brassard as his M.Sc advisor. He spent two years as a Postdoctoral Fellow at Université d'Orsay, and was a CNRS researcher at École Normale Supérieure from 1992 to 1995. He was appointed associate professor at Université de Montréal in 1995, and has been a faculty member at McGill University since 1998. He was a member of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research program on Quantum Information Processing from 2002 to 2012.
Crépeau is best known for his fundamental work in zero-knowledge proof, multi-party computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum teleportation.
In 1993, together with Charles H. Bennett, Gilles Brassard, Richard Jozsa, Asher Peres, and William Wootters, Crépeau invented quantum teleportation.

## Publications

* Bennett, Charles H.; Brassard, Gilles; Crépeau, Claude; Jozsa, Richard; Peres, Asher; Wootters, William K. (1993-03-29). "Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels". Physical Review Letters. 70 (13). American Physical Society (APS): 1895–1899. Bibcode:1993PhRvL..70.1895B. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.1895. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10053414.
# Christophia saxauli

Christophia saxauli is a species of snout moth in the genus Christophia. It was described by Mark I. Falkovitsh in 1999 and is known from Uzbekistan and Mongolia.
The larvae have been recorded feeding on Haloxylon ammodendron.
# Christopher Lew

Christopher Lew may refer to:
* Christopher Y. Lew, American art curator and writer
* Christopher Lew (cinematographer), Canadian cinematographer
# Christopher Liebig

Christopher Liebig (born 18 January 1987) is a German international rugby union player, playing for the Heidelberger RK in the Rugby-Bundesliga and the German national rugby union team.
Liebig played in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 German championship final for Heidelberger RK, losing the first one and winning the following two.
He plays rugby since 1991. His brother, Steffen Liebig, is also a German international.
He made his debut for Germany against Portugal on 21 February 2009.

## Honours
### Club

* German rugby union championship
** Champions: 2010, 2011, 2012
** Runners up: 2009
* German rugby union cup
** Winners: 2011

## Stats

Christopher Liebig's personal statistics in club and international rugby:

### Club

| Year | Club | Division | Games | Tries | Con | Pen | DG | Place |
| 2008-09 | Heidelberger RK | Rugby-Bundesliga | 15 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2nd — Runners-up |
| 2009-10 | Heidelberger RK | Rugby-Bundesliga | 11 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3rd — Champions |
| 2010-11 | Heidelberger RK | Rugby-Bundesliga | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1st — Champions |
| 2011-12 | Heidelberger RK | Rugby-Bundesliga | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1st — Champions |
* As of 11 May 2012

### National team

| Year | Team | Competition | Games | Points | Place |
| 2008-2010 | Germany | European Nations Cup First Division | 2 | 0 | 6th — Relegated |
* As of 15 December 2010
# South Ossetian Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia

The First Secretary of the South Ossetian regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the South Ossetian AO in the Georgian SSR of the Soviet Union. The position was created in June 1918, and abolished in August 1991. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

## List of First Secretaries of the Communist Party of South Ossetia

| Name | Term of Office | Term of Office | Life years |
| Name | Start | End | Life years |
| Chairman of the Organization Bureau ||||
| Vladimir Sanakoyev | June 1918 | July 30, 1918 | 1884–1937 |
| Chairman of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party ||||
| Vladimir Sanakoyev | July 30, 1918 | 1920 | 1884–1937 |
| First Secretaries of the Oblast Committee of the Communist Party ||||
| Sergey Gagloyev | 1921 | 1921 | 1896–1938 |
| Vladimir Sanakoyev | 1921 | April 22, 1924 | 1884–1937 |
| Aleksandr Dzhatiyev | 1924 | ? | 1891–1937 |
| Sergey Kudryavtsev | 1929 | 1930? | 1903–1938 |
| Isaak Zhvaniya | 1932 | 1934? | ?–1937 |
| Boris (Abdul-Bekir) Tautiyev | 1936? | 1937 | ?–1937 |
| Georgiy Gochashvili | 1937 | 1938 | 1904–? |
| Vladimir Tskhovrebashvili | February 1938 | January 1949 | 1905–1977 |
| Akaky Imnadze | January 1949 | May 1953 | 1908–? |
| Ivan Kudzhiashvili | May 1953 | 1954 | 1906–? |
| Grigory Sanakoyev | 1954 | 1959 | 1914–? |
| Vladimir Kozayev | 1959 | 1962 | 1917–? |
| Iosif Chiayev | 1962 | February 1965 | 1907–? |
| Georgy Dzhussoyev | February 1965 | November 1973 | 1926– |
| Feliks Sanakoyev | November 1973 | April 1988 | 1939– |
| Anatoly Chekhoyev | April 1988 | January 1990 | 1950– |
| Valnin Tskhovrebashvili | January 1990 | February 1991 | 1933– |
| Znaur Gassiyev | February 1991 | August 1991 | 1925– |
# South Oropouche

South Oropouche is a community in Trinidad and Tobago. It is at sea level. There is an archaeological site at St John's Road, South Oropouche. Dow Village is in South Oropouche.
# South-West Qiwang

The South-West Qiwang (Chinese: 西南棋王赛; pinyin: Xīnán Qíwáng Sài), also known as the Xinan Wang, is a Go competition in China.

## Outline

The competition is a single-elimination tournament for 16 players. It is played with fast time controls: each player has no main time and five 40-second byoyomi periods, as of the 23nd South-West Qiwang in 2024. Formerly, in 2021 and earlier, each player had 30 seconds to play each move, as well as ten extra periods of 60 seconds.
As of 2024, the winner's prize is 250,000 RMB and the runner-up's prize is 120,000 RMB. This was increased from 2019, when the prize money was 160,000 RMB and 80,000 RMB respectively.

## Past winners and runners-up

| Edition | Year | Winner | Runner-up |
| 1st | 2002 | Yang Yi | Ding Wei |
| 2nd | 2003 | Gu Li | Ding Wei |
| 3rd | 2004 | Zhou Heyang | Gu Li |
| 4th | 2005 | Wang Lei | Zhu Yuanhao |
| 5th | 2006 | Wang Lei | Wang Xi |
| 6th | 2007 | Gu Lingyi | Yang Yi |
| 7th | 2008 | Gu Lingyi | Li Jie |
| 8th | 2009 | Gu Lingyi | Gu Li |
| 9th | 2010 | Wang Xi | Piao Wenyao |
| 10th | 2011 | Gu Lingyi | Dang Yifei |
| 11th | 2012 | Piao Wenyao | Peng Liyao |
| 12th | 2013 | Xie He | Gu Li |
| 13th | 2014 | Tang Weixing | Chang Hao |
| 14th | 2015 | Tang Weixing | Shi Yue |
| 15th | 2016 | Yang Dingxin | Tao Xinran |
| 16th | 2017 | Yang Dingxin | Tan Xiao |
| 17th | 2018 | Mi Yuting | Tang Weixing |
| 18th | 2019 | Ke Jie | Dang Yifei |
| 19th | 2020 | Mi Yuting | Tuo Jiaxi |
| 20th | 2021 | Yang Dingxin | Mi Yuting |
| 21st | 2022 | Ke Jie | Tang Weixing |
| 22nd | 2023 | Fan Tingyu | Tang Weixing |
| 23rd | 2024 | Fan Tingyu | Ke Jie |
# South Trees, Queensland

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
South Trees is a coastal industrial suburb of Gladstone in the Gladstone Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, South Trees had "no people or a very low population".

## Geography

South Trees is a coastal suburb facing the Auckland Channel, a waterway separated from the Coral Sea by Facing Island. The suburb consists of three non-contiguous areas of island, including the land around Parsons Point to the west of the South Trees Inlet and two islands within the South Trees Inlet, the northern one called South Trees Island while the southern one is unnamed.
The suburb is used only for industrial purposes. In the Parsons Point area is the Queensland Alumina Limited refinery with a footprint of 80 hectares (200 acres) of a 3,050-hectare (7,500-acre) site. There is a causeway bridge from Parsons Point to South Trees Island where the refinery's wharf and storage facility is located.
The Gladstone–Benaraby Road runs just inside or just outside the western boundary.

## History

The suburb takes its name from South Trees Point, which in turn was named about 6 August 182 by explorer Matthew Flinders on HMS Investigator on the first circumnavigation of Australia.
The Queensland Alumina refinery was commissioned in 1967.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, South Trees had "no people or a very low population".
In the 2021 census, South Trees had "no people or a very low population".

## Economy

Queensland Alumina Plant is one of Australia's largest alumina refineries (23°51′59″S 151°17′20″E﻿ / ﻿23.8664°S 151.2890°E﻿ / -23.8664; 151.2890﻿ (Queensland Alumina Plant)). The refinery has an annual capacity of 3,950,000 tonnes of alumina.

## Amenities

Gladstone Kart Club is off South Trees Drive (23°54′17″S 151°17′13″E﻿ / ﻿23.90465°S 151.28693°E﻿ / -23.90465; 151.28693﻿ (Gladstone Kart Club)).
Gladstone Clay Target Club is also off South Tree Drive (23°54′22″S 151°17′10″E﻿ / ﻿23.90616°S 151.28611°E﻿ / -23.90616; 151.28611﻿ (Gladstone Clay Target Club)).

## Facilities

South Trees Sewage Treatment Plant is at 15 Wapentake Road (23°54′15″S 151°17′36″E﻿ / ﻿23.9043°S 151.2933°E﻿ / -23.9043; 151.2933﻿ (South Trees Sewage Treatment Plant)).

## Attractions

Queensland Alumina Lookout provides a panoramic view of bauxite processing (23°52′18″S 151°17′12″E﻿ / ﻿23.8718°S 151.2867°E﻿ / -23.8718; 151.2867﻿ (QAL Lookout)). It is off QAL Access Road.
# Christine Bentley

Christine Bentley is Canadian journalist and former news anchor on Toronto, Ontario, Canada television station CTV Toronto. She was an employee of the CTV News since 1977.

## Career

Christine Bentley began her career at CKVR-TV in Barrie. She then moved to CFTO-TV Toronto (CTV), after a brief stint as a summer reporter for CBC News in Toronto. Bentley started as a general assignment reporter, and then assigned to Toronto City Hall and later Queen's Park. Her next career move was being news anchor, where she worked on weekends in the following year, before moving to the 11:30 news, which she co-anchored with Ken Shaw. The next assignment were the 6:00 pm evening news, as well as the Noon news with her longtime co-anchor on CTV News.

### Retirement

On September 12, 2012, during the CTV News at Six, she announced she would be leaving the station to pursue other interests after 35 years with CFTO. Bentley's last broadcast on CTV News at 6 was on September 14. Her replacement is Michelle Dubé.
With Kate Wheeler, she co-hosted and was executive producer of the talk radio show What She Said on Sirius XM and the Jewel FM Network.

## Awards

Bentley has received many awards over the years, primarily for her involvement in the community. She was chosen "Woman of the Year" in 2009 by Consumers' Choice Awards Canada, an organization that promotes business excellence in the GTA and across the country. In 2009, she was given the Paul Harris Fellowship Award for Community Service by the Rotary Club of Canada. Other awards include Olympic Torchbearer GTA Toronto 2010, Communication and Leadership Award 2010, Toastmasters International for outstanding service to Community, Country and Industry, Career achievement Award 2011, Women of Baycrest Award in 2011, and Daring to Dream Award in 2012. She also received a Star on Scarborough Walk of Fame in May 2013.

## Charity work

Bentley has served on the Board of Governors for Rouge Valley Centenary, as well as the Hospital's Foundation Board. She has served on the board of the Children's Wish Foundation of Canada, for which she is still an ambassador at large. She has been active with numerous charities, including Toy Mountain and the Canadian Cancer Society. She is also a Women Build Ambassador for Habitat for Humanity GTA.

## Personal

Bentley is divorced and is the mother of Canadian music producer/audio engineer DJ Swivel (born Jordan Young in 1984). Young is one of Bentley's twin sons and daughter.
# Christine Berg

Christine Dorothy Berg is an American radiation oncologist and physician-scientist who was chief of the early detection research group at the National Cancer Institute.

## Life

Berg completed a M.D. at the Northwestern University School of Medicine. She completed a residency in internal medicine from 1977 to 1981 at the McGaw Medical Center. Berg conducted a fellowship in hematology and medical oncology from 1981 to 1984 at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. She was a resident in radiation oncology from 1984 to 1986 with MedStar Health.
As of 2004, Berg was chief of the early detection research group in the division of cancer prevention at the National Cancer Institute. In 2010, she was co-lead of the National Lung Screening Trial. Berg retired from NCI in November 2012.