OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Conscience clause (education)

The conscience clause was an important term in education in England throughout much of the 19th century. In this context, it referred to permitting parents of schoolchildren to withdraw them from Church of England worship services or other school activities that violated the parents' religious principles.

## Overview

The conscience clause is part of the Elementary Education Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75), which established the neutrality and indifference of the state regarding religious instruction. It was introduced and applied to all State-aided schools to protect the religious liberties of minorities, who were viewed as religious dissidents. The law, which was not applicable to Scotland and Ireland stated that "no religious catechism or religious formularity which is distinctive of any particular denomination shall be taught in the school." The conscience clause did not exempt students from Saturday classes or any other day when their religious creed require attendance. d and that it is composed of diverse interests and influences so it is not bound by the principles of the Church.
Objections to the introduction of the "conscience clause" included those made by the Church of Missionary Society, a section of the Church of England, arguing that this rule will force them to close their schools. Critics refer to it as a "secular intrusion", claiming that it turns education into mere instruction.

## Usage

In Scotland, a similar law was passed in 1872. The inclusion of the conscientious clause was a result of a series of public discussions that resulted in the adoption of Bible instruction in primary education while respecting the conscientious objections of parents and guardians.
Similar policy was adopted in some British colonies such as the Leeward Islands, which introduced its own Education Act in 1890. This law reinforced governmental participation in governance of schools that receive public funding but also allowed learners invoking the conscience clause without suffering discrimination in their lessons.
In India, the term became the subject of debate in 1882 after it was raised by a Commission led by K.T. Telang, which recommended that private schools that receive grants from the government adopt it. It was only on 1904 when the conscientious clause was first applied in Travancore.
# Oak Hill Cemetery (Lawrence, Kansas)

The Oak Hill Cemetery is a cemetery in Lawrence, Kansas. It was first constructed as a way for the people of Lawrence to remember those who were killed in Quantrill's Raid. Several prominent Kansans are buried there, including Charles L. Robinson, John P. Usher, Lucy Hobbs Taylor, James H. Lane, and the grandparents of Langston Hughes - Charles and Mary Langston. It was built in 1866.
# Oberkirchen

Oberkirchen may refer to:

## Places

* Oberkirchen (Freisen), is a locality in the municipality Freisen in Saarland, Germany
* Oberkirchen (Schmallenberg), is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
# Odessa Jackalopes (1997–2011)

The Odessa Jackalopes were a minor professional ice hockey team based in Odessa, Texas. The team played in the Central Hockey League (CHL), and was an affiliate of the New York Islanders. The Jackalopes played their home games at Ector County Coliseum.
All Jackalopes games were broadcast live on KMCM from the franchise's inaugural year until the 2009–10 season when KFZX took over the broadcasting rights to the live games and the Monday talk show called Hockey Talk.

## History

In October 1997, Odessa joined the Western Professional Hockey League (WPHL). In their first season the home games drew an average of 4,000 spectators. Over the next couple of seasons that number leveled off, and the team averaged just over 3,200 hockey fans each game. The team mascot, a jackalope, quickly became one of the most popular in hockey's minor leagues, and team merchandise featuring the snarling, antlered rabbit, has sold well throughout the United States and Canada.

### Leagues

The Jackalopes continued playing in the WPHL until 2001, when the league merged with the Central Hockey League. Beginning with the 2001–02 season, the Jackalopes played in the CHL.
On March 23, 2011, the ownership group confirmed that they would be leaving the CHL and joining the North American Hockey League (NAHL), by purchasing an existing NAHL franchise and moving it to Odessa and adopting the same name.

## Captains

Captain - Sébastien Thinel Alternate - Philippe Plante
Alternate - Mike Ramsay
Note: Thinel named as captain replacing injured David van Drunen & Ramsay named alternate.
# Dendrobium nanum

Dendrobium nanum is a species of orchid in the genus Dendrobium Tiny Dendrobium is a small herb with pseudobulbs ovoid, covered with basal portion of leaves and smallest dendrobium known. Leaves are 3 or 4, 3 x 1.2 cm, lance-shaped-elliptic. Tiny flowers are borne in racemes up to 8 cm. Flowers are 6-8, pinkish white; bracts 0.5 cm, lance-shaped; sepals up to 8 mm; mentum to 5 mm; lip tri-lobed, narrowed to a short stalk; lateral lobes narrow, shortly pectinate; ovary with flower-stalks up to 1 cm. Tiny Dendrobium is endemic to Southern Western Ghats.
# Paulo Gonçalves (motorcyclist)

Paulo Gonçalves (; 5 February 1979 – 12 January 2020) was a Portuguese rally racing motorcycle rider. He won the FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship in 2013.

## Early life

Gonçalves was born on 5 February 1979, in Gemeses, a civil parish in the Braga District city of Esposende in Portugal.

## Rally biking

Gonçalves won 23 titles in motocross, supercross and enduro, and won the FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship in 2013, before being a runner-up in 2014. He started participating in the Dakar Rally in 2006, and participated in thirteen of them. He raced on African, South American and Asian continents and won three stages. He finished among the top ten competitors, and was the runner-up in 2015, Marc Coma being the only competitor ahead of him.
Between 2006 and 2009, and also from 2013 to 2019, Gonçalves raced for the Honda team in the Dakar Rally, before moving to the Hero MotoCorp team in 2020. From 2010 to 2012 he was with the BMW-owned Husqvarna Motorcycles team outfit. He was also a member of the KTM team during his career. During the 2020 edition of the Dakar rally the engine stalled in the third stage, and its withdrawal was announced, which was corrected about three hours later, as Gonçalves was trying to repair his vehicle at the same time as he was waiting for his team to arrive for assistance. Due to his taste for high speeds, he was nicknamed "Speedy", which was a reference to the Looney Tunes character Speedy Gonzales.

## Death and tributes

Gonçalves crashed during the seventh stage of the 2020 Dakar Rally in Saudi Arabia, at 276 km. He was found unconscious, resuscitated at the scene, and then flown by helicopter to a hospital in Layla, where he was pronounced dead. He was less than a month away from his 41st birthday.
After his death, the municipality of Esposende issued a note of regret, highlighting his career as a racer, and regarded him as an Esposende ambassador to the world. His death was also mourned by the President of Portugal, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, who stated that Gonçalves "died trying to achieve the dream of winning one of the hardest and most dangerous rally events in the world, in which he was always a worthy representative of Portugal, reaching second place in 2015".
# Paul Tierney

Paul Tierney may refer to:
* Paul Tierney (footballer) (born 1982), English-born Irish footballer
* Paul Tierney (referee) (born 1980), English football referee
* Paul Tierney (rugby league) (1919–1973), Australian rugby league footballer
* Paul Tierney (hurler) (born 1982), Irish hurler and Cumbria-based fellrunner
* Paul E. Tierney (born 1943), American businessman
# Stefan Popov (musician)

Stefan Popov (born 3 April 1940) is an internationally recognised Bulgarian cellist. He started playing the cello at the age of 12 and, having won a scholarship, continued his training at the Moscow Conservatory where he studied under Sviatoslav Knushevitsky and Mstislav Rostropovich from 1961 to 1966. He became a prize-winner in many music competitions, including Geneva, Florence and Vienna. In 1966, as a finalist he won a medal in the International Tchaikovsky Competition for cello. Around the same time as the Tchaikovsky competition, he was also awarded a prize from the Union of Soviet Composers for his performance of Russian music.
From 1971 to 1975 he taught at the Boston University and he was the head of the cello department of the New England Conservatory. From 1977 to date, he lives in the United Kingdom, where he is a professor of cello at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London. He performs regularly and leads numerous cello masterclasses privately, as well as at music festivals and in state conservatoires throughout the world.
He has had performances broadcast on radio and television, as well as having recorded numerous CDs. In 2006, he recorded and transcribed Beethoven's violin concerto for cello, to coincide with the 200 year anniversary of its first performance. He stated that he did this also in part "to compensate for the fact that no Beethoven cello concerto was ever written" and to commemorate what is generally regarded as one of the greatest concertos for any instrument.
In 2008 he was awarded the "Chevalier du violoncelle" title at the Eva Janzer Memorial Cello Center for his contribution to the cause of cello playing.
# Colasposoma rufimembris

Colasposoma rufimembris is a species of leaf beetle of Senegal, described by Maurice Pic in 1942.
# Colchicum alpinum

Colchicum alpinum, the alpine autumn crocus, is a corm-forming perennial with pale, delicate rosy-purple flowers, similar to C. autumnale but smaller. It is native to the Alps and the Appennini of Italy, Switzerland, France and Sicily, and cultivated as an ornamental in other regions.
* Corm with flower bud
* Colchicum alpinum in Les Grandes Rousses (Oisans)
* Colchicum alpinum in a collector garden
* Leaves in the spring
* Seed capsule
# 2017 Artsakhian presidential election

Indirect presidential elections were held in the unrecognised Republic of Artsakh on 19 July 2017. The incumbent, Bako Sahakyan, was elected to a third term.

## Background

After a constitutional referendum in 2017, the country is transitioning from a semi-presidential system to a presidential system. As a result, presidential elections were delayed until 2020 in order to be held alongside legislative elections. In July 2017, the National Assembly elected the President for the next three years until the general election.

## Candidates

Two candidates were registered.
The Democratic Party of Artsakh nominated the incumbent president Bako Sahakyan. Free Motherland and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation also supported the incumbent.
While, Movement 88 nominated former Stepanakert Mayor Eduard Aghabekyan.

## Results

28 members of National Assembly voted for Bako Sahakyan, 4 of them voted for Eduard Aghabekyan, while one of the MPs abstained.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Bako Sahakyan | Democratic Party | 28 | 87.50 |
| | Eduard Aghabekyan | Movement 88 | 4 | 12.50 |
| Total | Total | Total | 32 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 33 | – |
| Source: Media Max |||||
# Marek Czyż

Marek Czyż (Polish:; born 25 March 1968) is a Polish journalist and news presenter.

## Biography

Marek Czyż was born on 25 March 1968 in Cieszyn, Poland. He has graduated from the University of Silesia in Katowice. He started his media career in the mid-1990s at Katowice-based TOP Radio. Before that, he spent several years co-hosting the student Egida Radio [pl] programme.
From 1996 to 2008, he worked in Telewizja Polska (TVP), where he worked, among others, on programmes Monitor Wiadomości and Gość Jedynki in TVP1, various journalistic programmes in TVP3, Aktualności in TVP3 Katowice, and various news programmes dedicated to the accession of Poland to the European Union in 2004. He also worked as a foreign correspondent in the Telewizyjna Agencja Informacyjna (Television Information Agency).
From 2009 to 2011 he worked in TVS, where he hosted Silesia Informacje, Kiosk, and Gość TVS. From 30 September 2009 to 2011 he was also the director of TVS.
In 2011, he began working in TVP Info. Until 2016 he co-hosted Poranek Info and Forum. From 18 May 2014 to 24 July 2016 and again since 3 March 2024, he hosted Bez retuszu. On 25 April 2016, he returned to working in TVP3 Katowice, where he hosted Czyżby? and Aktualności. He left Telewizja Polska in August 2016.
In 2016 he began working in Nowa TV, where from 9 November 2016 to 30 November 2017, he co-hosted news programme 24 godziny online.pl. From 2016 to October 2017 he also hosted Tu i teraz, and Proste pytanie. In 2019 he hosted programme Czyż nie… in Nowa TV, and co-hosted radio audition Rozmowa dnia in Superstacja. From 2019 to 2020 he was the editor-in-chief of Silesia24.pl news web portal. In 2020, he joined to the editor team of the internet radio station Halo.Radio, where he hosted his own programmes. In 2020 he also founded internet news portal CzyzTak.pl. From January 2020 to July 2023 he was the information director of Radio Zet.
On 20 December 2023, he made an announcement about the management changes in TVP, which was emitted in place of the regular news programme Wiadomości on TVP1. The next day, he hosted the first episode of the new news programme 19.30, which replaced Wiadomości.
# Marcelo Silva

Marcelo Silva may refer to:
* Marcelo Silva (footballer, born 1976), Brazilian football defensive midfielder
* Marcelo Silva (footballer, born 1989), Uruguayan football centre-back
# Margaret Roberts (herbalist)

Margaret Joan Roberts (1937 – 4 March 2017) was a South African herbalist and author of over 40 books on herbs and related topics. Margaret Roberts brought herbs into South Africa over 60 years ago and gave lectures about the benefits of herbs and healthy living, her motto was to 'Educate and Inspire'. The Margaret Roberts Herbal Centre in De Wildt, North West Province was developed by Margaret and is named after her, this continues with her daughter Sandy Roberts who has worked with Margaret for 32 years. Margaret has lent her name to product ranges including food ranges, toiletries, gifts, kitchenware, stationery, textiles, seeds and books. The Margaret Roberts Herbal Centre is known to be one of the top ten gardens in South Africa. Margaret is well known for her Margaret Roberts lavenders which she cross cultivated over 15 years and which is endemic to South Africa, also known for her Ginger Rosemary, High Hopes Basil and Margaret Roberts Rose, all of these varieties are named after her.
She was a qualified physiotherapist and has received a Laureate Award from the University of Pretoria for being one of South Africa's first organic farmers.

## Books

Margaret Roberts wrote more than 40 books on herbs and related topics.
These include:
* A-Z of Herbs
* The Essential Margaret Roberts: My 100 Favourite Herbs
* Edible and Medicinal Flowers
* Alles oor Kruie (Afrikaans)
* Companion Planting
* Plantmaats (Afrikaans)
* Pregnancy and Child Care for Healthy Living
* Healing Foods
* The Forest Fairies and the Great Battle
* Herbal Teas for Healthy Living
* Pot-Pourri making
* Herbal Beauty for Healthy Living
* The Lavender Book
* 100 Edible & Healing Flowers: Cultivating, Cooking, Restoring Health
* My 100 Favourite Herbs
* 100 New Herbs including weeds
* Tissue Salts for Children: Babies, Tots, Teens
* Tissue Salts for Healthy Living
* Anti-aging Tissue salts
* Indigenous Healing plants including foraging plants
# Brian Andersen

Brian Askel Andersen (born 13 March 1971) is a Danish former international motorcycle speedway rider. He earned 12 caps for the Denmark national speedway team.

## Career

Andersen reached the final of the Under-21 World Championship in 1990. The following year, he won the championship to become the 1991 Junior World Champion. In the final he defeatied fellow Dane Morten Andersen in a run-off for the title after both riders had finished on 14 points. The success brought him to the attention of British leagues and Coventry Bees signed him for the 1992 British League season.
He drove up his average over the following seasons for Coventry and established himself as one of their leading riders. In 1995, he won the Individual Speedway Danish Championship. In 1996, he finished second in the 1996 Intercontinental Final, which qualified him for his first Speedway Grand Prix series.
He rode in the Grand Prix between 1997 and 2001, and won two bronze medals in the Speedway World Team Cup. He won the Danish Championship for the second time in 1999, which was also his last season for Coventry before he moved to join Oxford Cheetahs for the 2000 Elite League speedway season.
In 2001, he was part of the Oxford Cheetahs title winning team in 2001.

## Family

His brother Jan Andersen was a speedway rider. His son Mikkel Andersen is also a speedway rider and the 2022 FIM Speedway Youth World Championship (SGP3) world champion.

## Major results
### World individual Championship

* 1997 Speedway Grand Prix - 6th (80 pts) including winning the 1997 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain
* 1998 Speedway Grand Prix - 16th (31 pts)
* 1999 Speedway Grand Prix - 22nd (12 pts)
* 2000 Speedway Grand Prix - 23rd (15 pts)
* 2001 Speedway Grand Prix - 18th (23 pts)

### World team Championships

* 1996 Speedway World Team Cup - bronze medal
* 1998 Speedway World Team Cup - bronze medal
* 2000 Speedway World Team Cup - =5th
* 2001 Speedway World Cup - 4th
# 2024 Cook Out 400

2024 Cook Out 400 may refer to:
* 2024 Cook Out 400 (Martinsville), at Martinsville Speedway on April 7
* 2024 Cook Out 400 (Richmond), at Richmond Raceway on August 11
# Menikbowa

Menikbowa is a village in Sri Lanka, within Central Province.
# Brian Cartwright

Brian G. Cartwright (born 1948) is an American lawyer and former astrophysicist. From 2006 to 2009, he was general counsel for the Securities and Exchange Commission of the USA.

## Career

On January 3, 2006, the SEC Commission Chair Christopher Cox officially appointed ex-Latham & Watkins partner Brian G. Cartwright as its top lawyer, replacing Giovanni Prezioso. In 2008 Cartwright announced he was leaving the SEC.
Cartwright holds a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School, where he was president of the Harvard Law Review and winner of the Sears Prize, given every year to the first and second-year students with the highest grade point averages. He served as law clerk to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor from 1981 to 1982.
Before becoming a lawyer, Cartwright was an astrophysicist graduating from Yale University. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Chicago and worked as a research physicist at the University of California at Berkeley's space sciences laboratory. He published numerous articles in scholarly journals including the Astrophysical Journal.

## Personal life

Brian Cartwright is married with three sons.
# Brian Carthy

Brian Carthy works as a Gaelic games correspondent and commentator for RTÉ, specialising in Gaelic games.

## Early life and family

Carthy is a native of Ballymore, near Strokestown, County Roscommon. His mother was Susan.
In 2012, his son John Brian won an All-Ireland U-21 Football Championship medal playing in goal for Dublin against Brian's native Roscommon and was part of the U-21 squad again in 2013.

## Broadcasting career

Carthy's first day at RTÉ was 26 May 1980.
In 2011, Carthy was "downgraded" by RTÉ. This prompted a response from numerous Gaelic games figures, including Mickey Harte, Kieran McGeeney and Justin McNulty, who felt this mistreatment of Carthy was unfair. Those who disagreed with RTÉ's treatment of Carthy wrote a four-page letter to director general Noel Curran and boycotted the organisation.
Carthy launched a podcast in August 2022, focusing on Senior Club Championship results.

## Writing career

In possession of a nationwide profile, Carthy has also written a number of books with a sporting theme.
# 2023 Youth Baseball5 World Cup

The 2023 Youth Baseball5 World Cup (2023 YB5WC) was the first edition of the Youth Baseball5 World Cup, a mixed-gender Baseball5 tournament held in 2023 from 10–15 October. 12 countries participated, with Cuba beating France in the final.

## Format

The 12 teams were divided into two groups. After the 30-game Opening Round concluded on 12 October, the top three finishers from each group advanced to the Super Round. The top two teams from the Super Round competed in the final on 15 October.
There was also a Placement Round to determine which of the teams that didn't advance to the Super Round finished in 7th to 12th place.

### Teams

Group A: China, Cuba, Malaysia, Tunisia, Turkey and Zambia
Group B: Australia, France, Ghana, Korea, Mexico and Chinese Taipei

## Results

Cuba won the tournament, having gone unbeaten the entire time and only losing one game in a best-of-three against Mexico.

## Finals round
### Third place play-off

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg | 3rd leg |
| Mexico | 2–1 | Turkey | 2–3 (F/6) | 7–1 | 4–2 |

### Final

15 October 2023 15:00 at Yenimahalle Spor Kompleksi Fair, 22 °C (72 °F), 57% humidity :
| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | R | H | E |
| France | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 1 |
| Cuba | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | 6 | 12 | 0 |
| Umpires: Alessia Cicconi (HP), Tony Jones (1F), Thalia Villavicencio (2F), Batuhan Akkaya (3F) Boxscore |||||||||
15 October 2023 15:30 at Yenimahalle Spor Kompleksi Fair, 22 °C (72 °F), 57% humidity :
| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | R | H | E |
| France | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| Cuba (6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 0 |
| Umpires: Alessia Cicconi (HP), Tony Jones (1F), Thalia Villavicencio (2F), Batuhan Akkaya (3F) Boxscore ||||||||||
# Mermaid Lagoon (Tokyo DisneySea)

Mermaid Lagoon is a "port-of-call" (themed land) at Tokyo DisneySea in the Tokyo Disney Resort, and is themed to Disney's The Little Mermaid franchise.

## Theming

The facade is made to look like the Palace of King Triton and features fanciful seashell-inspired architecture. This area is unique in that it is mostly indoors and recreates the feeling of being underwater. Most of the rides in this area are geared towards younger children. Inside Mermaid Lagoon's building, families can ride several flat-rides, explore the Ariel's Playground play area, and it formerly included a live entertainment show.

## Attractions and entertainment
### Indoor Section

* Jumpin' Jellyfish
* Blowfish Balloon Race
* The Whirlpool
* Ariel's Playground
* Mermaid Lagoon Theater:
** Ariel's Greeting Grotto - (2005-2020, original outdoor location), (2020–present, current indoor location)

### Outdoor Section

* Scuttle's Scooters: A Caterpillar-type ride, similar to Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin.
* Flounder's Flying Fish Coaster: A small steel roller coaster for children and families.

## Former attractions and entertainment
### Indoor Section

* Mermaid Lagoon Theater:
** Under the Sea (2001-2014)
** King Triton's Concert (2015-2020)
Notes: Originally scheduled to close on March 31, 2020, the outside location for Ariel's Greeting Grotto closed on January 31, 2020, in response to COVID-19. The area's Mermaid Lagoon Theater then closed on July 1, 2020, and became Ariel's new meet-and-greet location on September 29, 2020.

## Shops

* The Sleepy Whale Shoppe
* Mermaid Treasures
* Kiss de Girl Fashions
* Mermaid Memories
* Grotto Photos & Gifts
* Sea Turtle Souvenirs

## Restaurants

* Sebastian's Calypso Kitchen: A counter service restaurant that serves pizza, seafood, and sandwiches.
# Mendivil

Mendivil may refer to:

## People

* Soraya Jiménez Mendívil (born 1977), a Mexican weightlifter and Olympic champion
* Ulises Mendivil (born 1980), a Mexican footballer

## Places

* Mendívil, Álava, Basque Country, Spain