OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier

The Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier (Dutch, 'Northern Quarter'), also known as the Admiralty of West Friesland, was one of the five admiralties of the Dutch Republic, made up of West Friesland, a region in the north of the province of Holland.

## History

It was set up on 6 March 1589 by a resolution of the Parliament of the Netherlands, via a decision of the Stadholder Maurits of Orange. It was established at Hoorn (and in Enkhuizen for about three months in 1597). The admiralty was disestablished in 1795.

## Fleet guardians

Known fleet guardians of the admiralty include:
* Callenburgh, Gerard: viceadmiraal (1689)
* Dorp, Philips van: waarnemend-luitenant-admiraal (1629)
* Florisse, Pieter: schout-bij-nacht (1652); viceadmiraal (1653)
* Ghent, Willem Joseph: luitenant-admiraal (1666)
* Gravé, Hendrik: luitenant-admiraal (1744)
* Heyn, Piet: luitenant-admiraal (1629)
* Hoen, Albert Cornelisz 't:
* Hoen, Govert 't: schout-bij-nacht (1666)
* Meppel, Jan: viceadmiraal (1659)
* Quispel, Egbert Pietersz: vlaggenkapitein Frederick Stachouwer
* Schepers, Willem Bastiaensz: luitenant-admiraal (1673)
* Schram, Volckert: schout-bij-nacht (1664); viceadmiraal (1664)
* Stachouwer, Frederick: schout-bij-nacht (1665)
* Tobias, Thomas: vlaggenkapitein (?)
* Tromp, Cornelis: viceadmiraal (1665)
* Vlugh, David: schout-bij-nacht (1666)
# Bryan Donkin (physician)

Sir Horatio Bryan Donkin FRCP (1 February 1845 – 26 July 1927) was a British medical doctor and criminologist. He spent his early career as a consultant physician and lecturer at Westminster Hospital before joining the prison service.

## Biography

Horatio Bryan Donkin was born on 1 February 1845 in Blackheath, the son of civil engineer Bryan Donkin (1809–1893) and grandson of the engineer and inventor Bryan Donkin (1768–1855).
He attended Blackheath Proprietary School and The Queen's College, Oxford, before graduating from St Thomas's Hospital Medical School in 1873. He held junior roles at St Thomas' Hospital and the City of London Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, and, in 1874, began working at Westminster Hospital, initially as an assistant physician and later becoming consultant physician, dean, and lecturer in clinical medicine.
He also served as physician to East London Hospital for Children and lectured at the London School of Medicine for Women. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1880 and received an M.D. from Oxford in 1893.
Donkin was appointed a commissioner of prisons and director of convict prisons in 1898, resigning from his hospital posts. He was a member of the Royal Commission on Control of the Feeble-Minded in 1904–1908 and, upon retiring as commissioner, became medical adviser to the Prison Commission. He was interested in the psychology of crime, and viewed prisoners as if they were patients. He presented the Harveian Oration at the Royal College of Physicians in 1910, on the topic of "Inheritance of Mental Characters".
He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in 1911, the honour being conferred by George V at St James's Palace on 23 February.
A prominent member of the Savile Club, Donkin was also a rationalist and was involved with Ray Lankester in investigating and exposing spiritualists. He was friends with Karl Marx, and treated Marx, his wife Jenny von Westphalen, and their daughter Eleanor Marx. He died on 26 July 1927 in London.
# Michael Lynas

Michael Lynas (born 3 October 1981) was the Chief Executive of the National Citizen Service (NCS). He was replaced in the role by Mark Gifford on 2 March 2020.

## Early life

After graduating from Eton College, from 2000 to 2003 Lynas studied Social and Political Sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge, and he was also the President of the Cambridge Union.
In 2003, he was awarded a Frank Knox Memorial Fellowship to study at the Kennedy School of Government, at Harvard University. He received a Master's in Public Policy in 2005.

## Career
### Bain & Company

Michael worked as a consultant at global strategy consulting firm Bain & Company.

### No. 10 Downing Street

In June 2010 he became a senior policy adviser to the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, in the Number 10 Policy Unit. He worked on a range of policy areas including London 2012, equal marriage and National Citizen Service.

### National Citizen Service

The National Citizen Service was piloted by The Challenge in 2009. Lynas joined NCS Trust, the government body overseeing the programme, in 2013 where he served as the Chief Executive. The NCS Trust is headquartered in west London, south of the A40 (Westway, London), near the junction (Westway Roundabout) with the West Cross Route (A3220).
In September 2019 he announced his resignation, with NCS Trust facing criticism on being overly expensive and failing to hit participation targets.

## Other interests

He serves as a Trustee for two charities: Generation Change, an independent partnership of charities that together help over 600,000 young people each year to take part in social action, and the John Browne Memorial Trust. He is also listed as a Big Changer, by Big Change, a social impact accelerator to support young people.
He has also written about youth issues, including as a columnist for the i newspaper.
# Adolphe Engers

Adolphe Engers (1884–1945) was a Dutch writer and actor on stage and in the movies, who appeared in more than fifty films during his career, a number of them in Weimar Germany.

## Biography

Before his career in film, he was an actor on the stage and a writer. In 1920, he published Peccavi...???, a then-scandalous novel with a gay protagonist, co-written with fellow actor Ernst Winar. A performer of considerable talent, he was to be honored for his achievements on the stage in the 1930s by an honorary committee that included Simon Carmiggelt, who related that, when the committee members understood that Engers himself was gay, withdrew from the committee one after the other.
Other works were a screenplay about the closing of the Zuiderzee, which created the artificial lake IJsselmeer, in which he was to act as well (only promotional footage for the project seems to remain), and a play about Oscar Wilde, published in 1917, whose main themes are norms and deviancy; "deviancy" in Engers' play includes art and beauty, which are crushed by the normality of everyday society.
He appeared in the 1922 German-Dutch co-production The Man in the Background.

## Selected filmography

* Madeleine (1919)
* Roswolsky's Mistress (1921)
* The Love Corridor (1921)
* Lumpaci the Vagabond (1922)
* The Man in the Background (1922)
* King of Women (1923)
* Daisy (1923)
* The Grand Duke's Finances (1924)
* By Order of Pompadour (1924)
* The Man at Midnight (1924)
* The Evangelist (1924)
* The Doll of Luna Park (1925)
* The Morals of the Alley (1925)
* Nick, King of the Chauffeurs (1925)
* The Elegant Bunch (1925)
* The Marriage Swindler (1925)
* The Prince and the Dancer (1926)
* Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman (1926)
* The Wooing of Eve (1926)
* A Girl of the People (1927)
* The Prince's Child (1927)
* Carnival Magic (1927)
* When the Young Wine Blossoms (1927)
* The False Prince (1927)
* Serenissimus and the Last Virgin (1928)
* Vienna, City of My Dreams (1928)
* Love and Thieves (1928)
* He Goes Right, She Goes Left! (1928)
* Guilty (1928)
* Don Juan in a Girls' School (1928)
* The Fourth from the Right (1929)
* Sinful and Sweet (1929)
* Terra Nova (1932)
* Forty Years (1938)
* De Spooktrein (1939)
# Michael Freund (historian)

Michael Freund (1902–1972) was a German historian and professor at the University of Kiel.
Freund's view was that Louis Napoleon was the only real revolutionist in 1848. Freund wrote, "After the solemn republican respectability of 1848 it seemed that only with the Napoleonic experiment did a great revolutionary élan appear on the stage of history". "The state created by Napoleon was anti-socialist, but it was not the laissez-faire state of capitalism. The social ideals of the disciples of Saint-Simon were given by Napoleon, for the first time, a military and authoritarian aspect."

## Writings

* Die Idee der Toleranz im England der großen Revolution., PhD Halle 1927.
* Oliver Cromwell. Biographische Skizze, Lübeck 1933.
* Napoleon III. Eine Betrachtung zur Krise der Democratie in Frankreich, Deutsche Zeitschrift, XLVIII (October, 1934-September, 1935).
* Von Versailles zur Wehrfreiheit. Die Wiedererstehung Deutschlands als Großmacht, Essen 1936.
* Weltgeschichte der Gegenwart in Dokumenten 1934/35.
** Vol. 1: Internationale Politik, Essen 1936.
** Vol. 2: Staatsform und Wirtschaft der Nationen, Essen 1937.
* Die große Revolution in England. Anatomie eines Umsturzes, Hamburg 1951.
* Das Elitenproblem in der modernen Politik, Munich 1954.
* Deutsche Geschichte, Gütersloh 1960.
* Der zweite Weltkrieg, Gütersloh 1962.
* Das Dritte Reich 1933-1939, Gütersloh 1963.
* Deutschland unterm Hakenkreuz. Die Geschichte der Jahre 1933-1945, Gütersloh 1965.
* Das Drama der 99 Tage. Krankheit und Tod Friedrichs III., Cologne 1966.
* Napoleon und die Deutschen. Despot oder Held der Freiheit? Munich 1969.
* Georges Sorel. Der revolutionäre Konservatismus, 2nd ed. Frankfurt 1972.
# Adoptium

The Eclipse Adoptium (/əˈdɒptiəm/) Working Group is the successor of AdoptOpenJDK.
The main goal of Adoptium is to promote and support free and open-source high-quality runtimes and associated technology for use across the Java ecosystem. To do so the Adoptium Working Group (WG) builds and provides OpenJDK based binaries under the Eclipse Temurin project. In addition to Temurin the WG creates an open test suite for OpenJDK based binaries as part of the Eclipse AQAvit project.
The Adoptium Working Group was launched by Alibaba Cloud, Huawei, IBM, iJUG, Karakun AG, Microsoft, New Relic, and Red Hat in March 2021.
In May 2022, the Adoptium project announced the formation of the Adoptium Marketplace.

## Projects
### Eclipse Temurin

The Eclipse Temurin project produces Temurin (/ˈtɛmjərɪn/), a certified binary build of OpenJDK. The initial release in October 2021 supported Java LTS 8, 11, 17, and 21. The name for the project, Temurin, is an anagram of the word runtime. Since 2023 the Adoptium Working Group members Azul Systems, IBM, Open Elements and Red Hat offer commercial support for Temurin.

## History

Eclipse Adoptium originally started as AdoptOpenJDK. AdoptOpenJDK was founded in 2017 and provided enterprises with free and open-source Java runtimes.
In 2020, AdoptOpenJDK moved to the Eclipse Foundation project under the name Eclipse Adoptium. The working group produces binaries via the Eclipse Temurin project.

## Members

As of July 2023, there are 12 members:
* Alibaba Cloud
* Azul Systems
* Bloomberg L.P.
* Canonical
* Google
* Huawei
* IBM
* iJUG
* Open Elements
* Microsoft
* New Relic
* Red Hat
# Adelheid von Stolterfoth

Adelheid Karoline Wilhelmine Julie von Stolterfoth (11 September 1800 in Eisenach – 17 December 1875 in Wiesbaden) was a German poet.

## Life

Adelheid von Stolterfoth was the daughter of Gottfried von Stolterforth and Caroline von Stolterforth, née Schott von Schottenstein. Adelheid von Solterfoth grew up in Erlangen, Bavaria. In 1816 she and her mother relocated closer towards the Rhine: first to Bingen and then to Winkel (Rheingau). Following the death of her mother in 1825, she moved inwith the family of her uncle, Parliamentary President Hans Carl Freiherr von Zwierlein, whom she married on 14 February 1844. She accompanied the Zwierlein (royal family) on their trip through England (1827), Switzerland, and Upper Italy (1828). She and her sister would go on to travel through Tyrol in 1840, and Holland and Belgium in 1841 as well. Following the death of her husband in 1850, she began to live interchangeably in Winkel, Eltville; Frankfurt am Main; and lastly in Wiesbaden.
Adelheid von Stolterfoth was well known for her poetry about the Rhine area and was a proponent of Rhine romanticism with her works: "Rheinischer Sagenkreis" (romances, ballads, and legends), 1835; Rheinische Lieder und Sagen, 1839, 4. ed. 1859; Rheinisches Album oder: Der Rheingau mit dem Wispertale und den Nachbarstädten Mainz und Wiesbaden, 1836; Burg Stolzenfels (epic poem), 1842.

## Works

* Zoraide (1825)
* Alfred (1834)
* Rheinischer Sagenkreis. Ein Cyclus von Romanzen, Balladen und Legenden des Rheins. - Frankfurt a./M : Jügel, 1835. Digitalisierte Ausgabe der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf
* The Rhenish minstrel. A Series of Ballads, Traditional and Legendary, of the Rhine. - Frankfort o/M : Jugel, 1835. Digitalised copy from the University and National Library of Düsseldorf.
* Rheinisches Album (1838)
* Rheinische Lieder und Sagen (1839)
* Alfred: Romantisch-episches Gedicht in 8 Gesängen (1840)
* Malerische Beschreibung von Wiesbaden und der Umgegend (1841)
* Burg Stolzenfels (1842)
# Michael Klein (writer)

Michael Klein (born August 17, 1954) is an American Lambda literary award-winning fiction writer, poet, and faculty member of the English department at Goddard College and The Frost Place Conference on Poetry.

## Life

Klein was born in Washington, DC and attended Bennington College as an undergraduate, later receiving his MFA from Vermont College. He resides in New York City, where he has lived since the age of two. Klein attended PS 41 in the West Village, and New Lincoln School on the Upper West Side for Junior High School, and finished at New York City's Music and Art High School where he studied voice.
Among his mentors was Adrienne Rich, attending poetry workshops with a select few other teenagers. Not only an important influence on his love of poetry and writing, she became a life long friend with whom he would share time whenever she came to New York for a reading engagement or to visit her home city.
Klein was a fellow at the Provincetown Fine Arts Work Center from 1990 to 1991, where he finished his first memoir, Track Conditions, about his life on the race track where he was a groom to the Kentucky Derby Winning horse Swale and his subsequent life of sobriety.

### Poetry

Klein has published three books of poetry, two books of non-fiction as well as literary criticism and interviews with other notable authors. He is currently publishing, albeit not exclusively, under Sibling Rivalry Press.

## Educator

Klein serves as a member of the writing faculty at Goddard College. He teaches courses to humanities students in the memoir, essay, fiction and poetry concentrations. He has also featured interviews with writers like the poet Adrienne Rich and the playwright Eve Ensler.
# Aeolanthes cianolitha

Aeolanthes cianolitha is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1938. It is found in China (Yunnan).
# Aeolanthes cladophora

Aeolanthes cladophora is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1938. It is found in China (Yunnan).
# Aeolanthes dicraea

Aeolanthes dicraea is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1908. It is found in India (Assam).
The wingspan is 20–22 mm. The forewings are white, towards the costa irregularly suffused with pale yellowish and with the basal third of the costa ferruginous-yellow. There is a ferruginous subcostal dash before the middle and an elongate patch of yellow suffusion in the middle of the disc, as well as a reddish-brown dorsal patch extending from the base to near the tornus, and reaching nearly half across the wing, containing a triangular dark reddish-brown dorsal spot at three-fourths, partially whitish-edged. There is a ferruginous-yellow suffusion along the posterior half of the costa, with a black mark beneath it near the apex and veins 5 and 6 are marked with reddish-brown lines becoming blackish posteriorly, vein 4 less distinctly lined with brownish, between veins 5-7 two light ferruginous-brown streaks, sometimes partially yellowish-suffused, between 4 and 5 a yellowish streak, and on tornus a deep yellow elongate patch. There is also a fine blackish line along the termen. The hindwings are grey, the apex sometimes suffused with whitish-yellowish.
# Aeronautical Engineering Review

Aeronautical Engineering Review was a journal published by the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences.

## History

The Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences started on 1933. It was titled the Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences. It became a monthly publication in 1935. The journal contained a section called "News from the Institute", that contained meeting notices, announcements, and obituaries. By 1944 this information was transferred to the Aeronautical Engineering Review.
# Michael Sommer

Michael Sommer (born 15 January 1952) is a German trade unionist leader. He served for 12 years as the chairman of the German Confederation of Trade Unions (DGB).

## Early life and career

Born in Büderich, now part of Meerbusch, North Rhine-Westphalia, Sommer studied political sciences at Free University of Berlin from 1971 to 1980. He has been a member of the German Post Trade Union, which became part of ver.di in 2001, since 1971.
After his final degree, Sommer worked for the trade union. He climbed the ladder in the trade union becoming chairman of ver.di on 18 March 2001. A year later, on 28 May 2002, he was elected chairman of the DGB. He served for twelve years, retiring in 2014.

## Other activities

* Aktion Deutschland Hilft (Germany's Relief Coalition), Member of the Board of Trustees
* Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES), Deputy Chairman of the Board
* Volkswagen, Member of the Sustainability Council (since 2016)
* Volkswagen Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2009)
* Schloss Neuhardenberg Foundation, chairman of the Board of Trustees
* KfW, Member of the supervisory board (2003-2014)
# Adrien Auzout

Adrien Auzout [pronounced in French somewhat like o-zoo] (28 January 1622 – 23 May 1691) was a French astronomer.
He was born in Rouen, France, the eldest child of a clerk in the court of Rouen. His educational background is unknown, although he may have attended the Jesuit college in Rouen. Adrien left for Paris during the 1640s, where he developed an interest in astronomy and became well known in academic circles. In 1664–1665 he made observations of comets, and argued in favor of their following elliptical or parabolic orbits (in this he was opposed by his rival Johannes Hevelius). Adrien was briefly a member of the Académie Royale des Sciences from 1666 to 1668 (he may have left due to a dispute) and a founding member of the Paris Observatory. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1666. He then left for Italy and spent the next 20 years in that country, finally dying in Rome in 1691. Little is known about his activities during this last period.
He was described as a good optician and maker of telescopes. He is also said to have had poor health through much of his life.
Auzout made contributions in telescope observations, including perfecting the use of the micrometer. He made many observations with large aerial telescopes and he is noted for briefly considering the construction of a huge aerial telescope 1,000 feet in length that he would use to observe animals on the Moon. In 1647 he performed an experiment that demonstrated the role of air pressure in function of the mercury barometer. In 1667–68, Auzout and Jean Picard attached a telescopic sight to a 38-inch quadrant, and used it to accurately determine positions on the Earth.
Auzout, the Moon crater, is named after him.

## Works

* Auzout, Adrien (1665). Lettre à monsieur l'Abbé Charles, sur le Ragguaglio di due nuove osservationi, etc. da Giuseppe Campani (in French). Jean Cusson.
* Auzout, Adrien (1735). Lettres sur les grandes lunettes (in French). Pieter Mortier.
# Adrien André

Adrien André (29 May 1884, in La Bussière, Vienne – 22 April 1965) was a French politician. He represented the Independent Radicals in the Chamber of Deputies from 1928 to 1936 and in the Senate from 1936 to 1940. On 10 July 1940, he voted in favour of granting the cabinet presided by Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. Between 1951 and 1958, he was a member of the National Assembly as a Radical Party representative.
# 23rd Infantry Regiment (Imperial Japanese Army)

The 23rd Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Imperial Japanese Army. The regiment was attached to the 6th Infantry Brigade of the 6th Division and participated during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The regiment fought in the later stages of World War II, assigned to the Japanese Seventeenth Army at Bougainville Island in the Solomon Islands.

## Organization

* 1st Battalion
* 2nd Battalion
* 3rd Battalion
# Adidja Alim

Youssouf née Adidja Alim is a Cameroonian political figure. Since 2009, she has been the Minister of Basic Education.

## Biography

She was born in 1956 in the Bénoué division, in the North region of Cameroon.

### Education

She is a graduate from the National School of Administration and Magistracy (ENAM) with a specialty inspector of social affairs.

### Career

She began her professional career at the Maternity Department of the Garoua Hospital. She later became director of Garoua's House of Women

#### Deputation

She is a member of the Cameroonian People's Democratic Movement (CPDM). The CPDM is the majority political party in Cameroon. She became a member of the National Assembly of Cameroon, Cameroon's parliament, for the constituency from the Benoue division.

#### Ministerial mandate

During the cabinet reshuffle of June 30, 2009, she became the Minister of Basic Education.

## Distinctions

On October 24, 2015, she received the Kirei-Na Gakko Award of Excellence, awarded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for "Best Practices" for the maintenance and upkeep of schools in Japan. Japanese donation project in Cameroon. Cameroon is the third African country to receive this distinction after Tunisia in 2010 and Malawi in 2013.

### Other projects

* Media related to Category:Youssouf Adidja at Wikimedia Commons
# Adidjatou Mathys

Adidjatou Mathys is a Beninese politician and educator. She is the current Minister of Labour and Public Service in Benin, having been appointed to the position in early 2021 by the current president of Benin, Patrice Talon. Her term began on 25 May 2021.
# Browns Lake (Washington)

Browns Lake is a lake in the U.S. state of Washington.
Browns Lake derives its name from Henry Brown, a pioneer settler.
# Adromischus bicolor

Adromischus bicolor is a perennial, succulent plant in the family Crassulaceae. The species name bicolor refers to the light, grey-green leaves spotted with purple to purple-green spots. It is endemic to the Succulent Karoo of western South Africa, as well as the Eastern Cape, South Africa.

## Description

Adromischus bicolor is a small, clumping plant with a compact habit reaching 4 cm tall and 9 cm wide. Its many small, grey-brown, succulent branches reach a diameter of 3 mm. The grey-green leaves with purple spots are obovate, sometimes obtriangular. One to two inflorescences begin to appear in the middle of summer, reaching up to 25 cm tall. The tubular flowers begin yellow-green at the base and gradated to a tinge of red. The 2 mm long petals are white and triangular.

## Distribution and habitat

Adromischus bicolor occurs in exposed rock crevices in eastern and western regions of South Africa. There are less than five known populations. Some variation in leaf shape occurs depending on the locality, and it is unclear if both groups are of the same species. It is the only species of the Adromischus section to grow endemically in the eastern Cape. It is one of thousands of species of succulent plants to occur in the Succulent Karoo.

## Cultivation

Adromischus bicolor is a slow-growing plant. Indoors, it will take as much sun as it can get in order to make the purple pigments pop. If growing outdoors, some shade may be required during the hottest months. Water only when soil dries completely. It can tolerate short periods of frost if the soil is completely dry, otherwise it can rot. Adromischus require a period of cold temperatures, around 10 °C, in order to flower. Propagation is easily done by leaf.