OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sproul Observatory

Sproul Observatory was an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Swarthmore College. It was located in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, United States, and named after William Cameron Sproul, the 27th Governor of Pennsylvania, who graduated from Swarthmore in 1891. The 24" telescope was moved from Sproul Observatory to Bentonville, Arkansas in July 2017.

## History

In 1907, William Cameron Sproul communicated to the Board of Managers of Swarthmore College his desire to donate funds for the purchase of equipment for an astronomical observatory. Sproul was a successful businessman who graduated from Swarthmore in 1891 and a trustee to the college. At the time of the gift, he was serving as Pennsylvania State Senator for the 9th District and went on to become the 27th Governor of Pennsylvania.
The telescope was built in 1911 by the John A. Brashear Company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. When the telescope was installed at the observatory in 1913, it was the largest on the East Coast of the United States and one of the largest in the world.
From 1986 to 2004, the computer science department was given office and lab space in the observatory building.
In 2009, Swarthmore College added the Peter van de Kamp Observatory to the newly built Science Center. The new observatory contained a more technologically advanced 24" reflecting telescope and replaced the Sproul Observatory for education and public outreach purposes.
In 2017, the telescope was dismantled and moved to the Eighth Street Market in Bentonville, Arkansas to be restored, upgraded and used for public outreach. The book collection of the Sproul Observatory was donated to an astronomy center in Magdalena, New Mexico.
In 2017, Swarthmore unveiled plans to renovate Sproul Observatory which will transform the observatory into the James Hormel and Michael Nguyen Intercultural Center at Sproul Hall which will bring the Intercultural Center, Interfaith Center, Religious and Spiritual Life Center and the Office of International Student Services in one building.

## Directors

* John A. Miller (1923–1938)
* Peter van de Kamp (1937–1972)
* Wulff-Dieter Heintz (1973–1982)
* Sarah L. Lippincott (1982–)

## Planetary discovery controversies

Under the direction of Peter van de Kamp this observatory made numerous claims of planetary systems and discoveries based on astrometry using the photographic plates made with the 24 in (61 cm) refractor telescope. These plates were found to have a systematic error that was misinterpreted as the effect of a planetary system on the parent star. This error was identified as early as 1973 and confirmed by the observatory in the 1980s.
# St. John the Baptist Chapel

The St. John the Baptist Chapel is a historic Russian Orthodox chapel in Naknek, Alaska, United States. It is traditionally said to have been built in 1886 and enlarged in 1914. It is a simple single story wood-frame building. It consists of a single chamber, measuring 10'3"' wide and 30'3" long, which houses the nave and altar, and a small vestibule. Analysis of the construction indicates that the vestibule and a portion of the nave were constructed after the original construction date. The gable roof is topped by a centrally-placed Russian Orthodox cross, and there is a bell mounted on a metal framework outside the vestibule.
The chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Clepsis gnathocera

Clepsis gnathocera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Eswatini.
The wingspan is about 22 mm.
# Claudio Costa (doctor)

Claudio Marcello Costa (born 20 February 1941, in Imola) is an Italian medical doctor and founder of the Mobile Clinic.

## Biography

Costa graduated in medicine on 3 March 1967 and over the next years achieved three specializations: in 1971 in clinical orthopaedics and traumatology, in 1973 in orthopaedic physical therapy, and in 1980 in sports medicine. He is the son of Checco Costa, who was one of the leading organisers of international motorcycle racing and the creator of the Imola circuit.
His commitment in rescuing riders starts right on the circuit of Imola, on 22 April 1957, when he saved the life of Geoff Duke, after a disastrous fall on the curve of the "mineral waters" while he was competing in the 500 class of the Golden Shell Cup on his Gilera. On that occasion, the young Claudio Costa managed to rescue Duke by dragging him from the track. He also removed Duke's bike from the course since it would have been a dangerous obstacle for other riders.
During the Imola 200, organized by his father in 1972, Claudio Costa and his young colleagues (all good friends and fans of motorcycling) volunteered to provide emergency first aid to the pilots in the event of a fall or a crash.
The innovative service became so popular that racers tried to convince the Dr. Costa and his team to follow them for the entirety of the championship. These young medics were so fond of motorbikes that – as Costa himself admitted – the team of doctors and physiotherapists was convinced "without too much toil". Among the first to realise the importance of having an expert on the track was Giacomo Agostini, who in 1974 wanted Dr. Costa at his side during the American debut at the Daytona 200.
During the first year the service was carried out by car to reach the various circuits with medical bag in tow, but in 1976 Dr. Costa to imagined a vehicle specially equipped for first aid. This innovative idea was suggested to Gino Amisano, who fully funded the initiative and then created the now famous and celebrated "Mobile Clinic".
For over thirty years Claudio Costa has been the figure of medical reference for motorcycle riders, becoming well known and appreciated by fans, experts and commentators of this sport.
# St Lawrence's Hospital, Caterham

St Lawrence's Hospital was a mental health facility in Caterham, Surrey.

## History

The facility was commissioned by the Metropolitan Asylums Board and designed by John Giles. It opened as the Metropolitan Asylum for Chronic Imbeciles in 1870. A nurses' home was added to the asylum in 1889 and it became Caterham Mental Hospital in 1920.
In 1928 Joey Deacon, the author and television personality, was admitted to the hospital where he remained for the rest of his life. London County Council took administrative control of the facility in 1930. A nurse was killed when a bomb fell on the hospital in November 1940 during the Second World War. It was renamed St Lawrence's Hospital after the local parish in 1941 and it joined the National Health Service in 1948.
In 1981 Silent Minority, a documentary film made by Nigel Evans for ATV, highlighted the conditions of mental patients at the Borocourt Hospital near Reading, Berkshire and at St Lawrence's Hospital in Caterham.
After the introduction of Care in the Community in the 1980s the hospital reduced in size and closed in 1994. Most of the buildings have been demolished but the nurses' home has been converted into flats.
# St Lawrence's Hospital

St Lawrence's Hospital may refer to:
* Hospital of St Lawrence, Acton
* St Lawrence's Hospital, Bodmin
* St Lawrence's Hospital, Caterham
* St Lawrence Hospital, Chepstow
# St Mary's Church, Għaxaq

The Parish Church of the Assumption of Mary is a Baroque Roman Catholic parish church located in the village of Għaxaq, Malta.

## History

Records show that since 1511, a church dedicated to the Assumption of Mary stood where the current church stands today. When Għaxaq became an independent parish in 1626, the church became the parish church. The church was modified and enlarged multiple times, notably in 1655. Nonetheless, a new Baroque church was built instead between 1723 and 1760. The new church was consecrated on May 2, 1784.

## Interior

The church includes a number of artifacts, amongst these the titular statue of the Blessed Virgin, carved in wood by Mariano Gerada in 1808. Another statue which could be found in this church is that of Saint Joseph which was made by Fratelli Bertarelli of Milan in Italy in the year 1932 and is also carved in wood. The paintings which decorate the church's ceiling were painted by Emvin Cremona during the 1960s while other works of art date back to the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries mostly painted by famous Maltese artists: Gio Nicola Buhagiar, Francesco Zahra, Rokku Buhagiar and Gianni Vella among others.
# St. Vincent's Seminary

St. Vincent's Seminary may refer to:
* St. Vincent's Seminary (Missouri), operated during the 19th century by the Congregation of the Mission
* St. Vincent's Seminary (Germantown), formerly operated by the Congregation of the Mission in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
# St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray (electoral division)

St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray (Cornish: Sen Domynek, Kelliskovarnek ha Kellivrygh) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2013 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Calstock and Callington and St Dominic.

## Councillors

| Election | Member | Member | Party |
| 2013 | | Jim Flashman | Conservative |
| 2017 | | Jim Flashman | Conservative |
| 2021 | Seat abolished | Seat abolished | Seat abolished |

## Extent

St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray represented the villages of Kelly Bray, Latchley, Chilsworthy, St Dominick, Harrowbarrow, Norris Green, Bohetherick, St Mellion and Metherell, and the hamlets of Ashton and Newton. It covered 4070 hectares in total.

## Election results
### 2017 election

2017 election: St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Jim Flashman | 690 | 40.2 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Matthew Waterworth | 517 | 30.1 |
| | Mebyon Kernow | Mark Smith | 365 | 21.2 |
| | Labour | Alistair Tinto | 143 | 8.3 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 173 | 10.1 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 3 | 0.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1718 | 49.4 |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | |

### 2013 election

2013 election: St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Jim Flashman | 477 | 36.1 | |
| | UKIP | Dave Lawson | 371 | 28.1 | |
| | Independent | Phillip Harriman | 193 | 14.6 | |
| | Mebyon Kernow | Maria Coakley | 139 | 10.5 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Charles Jones | 138 | 10.4 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 106 | 8.0 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 3 | 0.2 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1321 | 38.1 | |
| | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) |
# Cleora acaciaria

Cleora acaciaria is a moth of the family Geometridae described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1833. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Ghana, Madagascar, Réunion São Tomé and Príncipe and the United Arab Emirates.
The wingspan is 28–33 mm.
The larvae feed on various plants and trees, including Rutaceae (including Toddalia asiatica), Ericaceae (including Augauria salicifolia), Verbenaceae (including Stachytarpheta urticifolia) and Asteraceae species.
# St Mary's Church, Sutterton

St Mary's Church (or The Church of Saint Mary the Blessed Virgin) is an Anglican church and Grade I Listed building in Sutterton, Lincolnshire, England.

## Architecture

The present stone church is cruciform in shape and dates to the second half of the 12th century. It is predominantly constructed with Barnack stone ashlars.
Over time the building has been altered to keep up with the fashions of the time and generally to enhance its status. In Victorian times there was significant re-building, particularly of the chancel and south transept. In 1862 this was overseen by the architect Edward Browning of Stamford. Much of the original stone and special features were re-incorporated so that the building did not become overwhelmingly "victorianised".
Notably, the original arch and surround of the carved Norman north door was left in place. D Stocker, in the Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland, has suggested that the decoration around the arch of the north doorway is one of the richest Romanesque survivals in the county and that it recalls the decoration on the north portal on the west facade of Lincoln Cathedral.
Alterations took place in the remainder of the 19th century including the installation of the pews, the tiled floors and walls in the chancel and the mosaic reredos.
The church is Grade I listed.

## 14th-century figures

The chancel houses three recumbent 14th-century stone figures, representing John Boneworth, who was priest in the parish in 1400, together with his mother and father. They were recently moved from the south transept.

## Bells

There is a peal of eight bells, with the heaviest weighing just over twelve cwt. The bells date from the 18th century, but two were recast in 1937. In addition there is a sanctus or priest's bell thought to have been made by Simon Hathfield of London in about 1353.
The bells were re-hung on an iron frame with ball bearings by Taylors of Loughborough in 1937.
# Stade de DUC Dakar

Stade de DUC Dakar is a multi-use stadium in Dakar, Senegal. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as a home ground of Dakar UC of the Senegal Premier League. The stadium holds 2,000 spectators.
# Claytonia palustris

Claytonia palustris is a species of wildflower in the family Montiaceae known by the common names Jonesville springbeauty and marsh claytonia. Often mistaken for Claytonia sibirica, the species is diploid (2n = 12) with a chromosome base number of x = 6.

## Distribution

The wildflower is endemic to California where it is a rare species indigenous to wetlands including bogs, fens, meadows and streamside riparian thickets at low- to mid-elevations of the Klamath Mountains, Cascade Range, and Sierra Nevada as far south as the Kern and Tule River watersheds. The species epithet palustris is Latin for "of the marsh" and indicates its common habitat.

## Description

Claytonia palustris is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing a slender stem up to about 0.5 metres (1.6 ft) long. It has leaves with oval-shaped blades a few centimeters long at the ends of long, narrow petioles. The inflorescence bears up to 18 flowers on a long stalk. Each flower has 5 white or pink-tinted white petals just under a centimeter long. The bloom period is May to October.
# St Morhaiarn's Church, Gwalchmai

St Morhaiarn's Church is a medieval church in the village of Gwalchmai in Anglesey, Wales. The building dates from the 14th century and underwent extensive renovations in 1845 by Reverend J. Wynne Jones. It was designated a Grade II*-listed building on 4 May 1971.
# Stadion Banja Ilidža (Gradačac)

Stadion Banja Ilidža is a football stadium in Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the home stadium of First League of FBiH club NK Zvijezda Gradačac. The stadium holds 5,000 spectators.
# Claude Gauthier (ice hockey)

Claude Gauthier (born September 12, 1947) is a Canadian former ice hockey forward who played right wing and was drafted first overall in the 1964 NHL Amateur Draft by the Detroit Red Wings. He never played in the National Hockey League.
# Stadtkind

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Stadtkind is the debut album by German experimental techno musician Ellen Allien. Released on Allien's own label, BPitch Control in 2001, it was an homage to the city of Berlin, whose post-reunification culture inspired the work. The album's title means "city child" in German.

## Track listing

* "Send" – 6:27
* "Fensterbrettmusik" – 5:19
* "Tief in Mir" – 5:05
* "Stadtkind" – 5:14
* "Shorty" – 3:40
* "Funkenflug der Träume" – 4:21
* "Salzsee" – 4:30
* "Licht" – 5:03
* "Wolken Ziehen" – 5:30
* "Trust and ..." – 3:20
* "Data Romance" – 4:02
# St John's Academy

St John's RC Academy is a Catholic, 2-18 all-through school located in Perth, Scotland.

## History

The academy resulted from a merger of St John’s Primary School and St Columba’s High School. The secondary part of the school opened in March 2010 and the nursery and primary part in November 2011. John Swinney MSP officially opened the academy in December 2011.
The original St John’s School was established in 1864 while St. Columba’s High School officially opened in 1967.

## Facilities

The academy is located at the centre of the North Inch Community Campus. This campus has a range of facilities open to the community including a library, meeting rooms, drama and music facilities and sports facilities. All of these can be accessed by the students.

## Sports

The academy has formed a sports partnership with Perth Grammar School. This partnership was awarded the first inter-denominational Sports Comprehensive status in Scotland under the banner, 'Everyone Active'. It won the Sunday Mail/Sports Scotland Scottish Sports Award 2011. The winning category was 'School Sports Award'. The partnership organises joint sports teams.

## Awards

The academy received the UNICEF UK Rights Respecting School Gold Award in 2014 and 2019.

## Notable pupils

* Colin McCredie - actor
* Stephen Gethins MP
* Dave Doogan MP
* Fran Franczak - footballer for St Johnstone
# St Mark's, South Africa

St Mark's, Eastern Cape is a town in Chris Hani District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Village on the White Kei River, about 15 km west of Cofimvaba and 40 km north-east of Cathcart.

## History

It was founded in 1855 by Bishop John Armstrong as one of four Anglican mission stations named after the apostles.
# Stalingrad (disambiguation)

Stalingrad is a former name of Volgograd, a city in Russia.
Stalingrad may also refer to:

## Related to the city

* Battle of Stalingrad, a battle in 1942–1943 widely considered the turning point in the European theatre of World War II
* Stalingrad Oblast, former name of Volgograd Oblast, an administrative division of Russia

## Arts and entertainment
### Films

    (All set in the Battle of Stalingrad)
* Stalingrad (1943 film), a Soviet propaganda film
* Stalingrad: Dogs, Do You Want to Live Forever?, film made in West Germany and released in 1959
* Stalingrad (1990 film), a Soviet war film
* Stalingrad (1993 film), a German anti-war film following the fate of German soldiers
* Stalingrad (2013 film), a Russian film, part love story

### Music

* Stalingrad (Eternal Flame album) (1988)
* Stalingrad (Accept album) (2012)
* "Stalingrad", a song by Swedish metal band Sabaton from the album Primo Victoria
* "Stalingrad", a song by Russian-sung Finnish metal band KYPCK from the album Cherno

### Other

* Stalingrad (painting), an oil painting by Danish artist Asger Jorn
* Stalingrad (1948 novel), by Theodor Plievier, and the two television adaptations of it
* Stalingrad (Grossman novel), a 1952 novel by Vasily Grossman
* Stalingrad (Beevor book), a non-fiction book by Antony Beevor published in 1998
* Stalingrad (wargame), a table top wargame, published by Avalon Hill in 1963
* Stalingrad (2005 video game), a real-time strategy computer game

## Other uses

* Stalingrad legal defense, a strategy used by a defendant to wear down the plaintiff or legal proceedings.
* Stalingrad-class battlecruiser, a cancelled Soviet dreadnought warship
* SS Stalingrad, a Soviet steamship active in the World War II Arctic convoys, and sunk in 1942
* Stalingrad (Paris Métro), a metro station in Paris, France
* Place de la Bataille-de-Stalingrad, a square in Paris named after the battle
* 2250 Stalingrad, an asteroid discovered in 1972 by Tamara Smirnova
# Claude, West Virginia

Claude is an unincorporated community in Barbour County, West Virginia, United States.
# Stallybrass

Stallybrass is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anne Stallybrass (1938–2021), English actress
* Edward Stallybrass (1794–1884), British Congregational missionary
* William Stallybrass (1883–1948), British barrister
# Stamford, Vermont

Stamford is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. The population was 861 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Stamford is located near the southwestern corner of Vermont, on the Massachusetts state line. To the south of Stamford lie the towns of Clarksburg and Florida, Massachusetts. Stamford is also bordered by the Vermont towns of Pownal to the west, Readsboro to the east, and Woodford to the north. The village of Stamford is in the southern part of town, in the valley of the North Branch of the Hoosic River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 39.5 square miles (102.3 km$^2$), of which 39.5 square miles (102.4 km$^2$) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.3 km$^2$), or 0.29%, is water.
Two state-maintained routes share a concurrency through Stamford: Vermont Route 8 and Vermont Route 100. They are the only state highways through town, and the concurrency has its southern terminus at the Massachusetts state line.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 813 people, 313 households, and 235 families residing in the town. The population density was 20.6 people per square mile (7.9/km$^2$). There were 387 housing units at an average density of 9.8 per square mile (3.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 98.52% White, 0.25% Native American, 0.37% Asian, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.25% of the population.
There were 313 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.8% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.9% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $48,988, and the median income for a family was $49,345. Males had a median income of $39,196 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,575. About 2.4% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 11.6% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Leroy Lawrence (1908–1997), Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives
* Stephen C. Millard (1841–1914), U.S. congressman from New York
* Ezra Miller (1992–), actor
* Susan Sarandon (1946–), actress
# St Mary's Church, Edwinstowe

St Mary's Church is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Edwinstowe.
The Boundary Wall, Gate, Steps And Overthrow At Church Of St Mary are also Grade II listed by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport.

## History

The church dates from around 1175. It was restored in 1869 and 1890.
It is visited by tourists, who come to see the church where, according to legend, Robin Hood and Maid Marian were married.

## Organ

The organ is by Forster and Andrews dating from 1862. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.