OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pasumai Thaayagam

பசுமை தாயகம் - Pasumai Thaayagam ( meaning "Green Motherland" ) is a mass based, voluntary, Non-partisan, Non-governmental organization (NGO) from India that promotes nature conservation. Its jurisdiction covers the states of Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, and parts of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Karnataka. It has special consultative status with the United Nations.

## History

Pasumai Thaayagam was registered on 20 November 1995 under the Public Trust of India. It was founded by Dr. S. Ramadoss. This movement is currently headed by Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss. He led a number of protests to highlight environmental degradation thereby facilitating access for Pasumai Thayagam to ECOSOC ( United Nations Economic and Social Council ), the United Nations central platform for reflection, debate, and innovative thinking on sustainable development. He also facilitated for Pasumai Thayagam to get a special consultative status with the United Nations Human Rights Council General Debate in 2013. The organization witnessed incredible recognition worldwide under his exemplary leadership to an extent that Pasumai Thayagam is today accredited to being the lone member from TN to the United Nations Human Rights Council.
The organization has participated in the following events:
* Johannesburg Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002.
* 50th session of the Commission on the Status of Women in 2006.
* 60th International Conference on New or Restored Democracies in 2006.
* United Nations Human Rights Council General Debate in 2013, 2015.
In 2005, it received special consultative status with the United Nations. As a result, on 30 October 2015, Anbumani was able to voice the concern of Sri Lankan Tamils in UNHRC through Pasumai Thayagam Foundation.

## Goals

Pasumai Thaayagam primarily works for the preservation of the environment and ecologically sustainable development. It focuses on:
* Environmental regeneration
* Natural resources management
* Water management
* Massive tree plantation, and
* Promotion of environmental awareness.
# Seealpsee

Seealpsee is a lake in the Alpstein range of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden, Switzerland. At an elevation of 1,143.2 m, the surface area is 13.6 hectares (34 acres). The lake can be reached by foot from Wasserauen or from Ebenalp. It is a popular tourist destination. A network of routes around Ebenalp connects Seealpsee with other notable sights in the Appenzell Alps, such as the Wildkirchli and Säntis. The Seealpsee provides hydroelectric power and drinking water to the town of Appenzell through the Kraftwerk Seealpsee-Wasserauen [de], which is run by the Feuerschaugemeinde.
The Berggasthaus Forelle am Seealpsee, with a large open air terrace, dominates the western end of the lake.
# Casalbore

Casalbore is a town and comune in the province of Avellino, Campania, Italy.
Located in the Irpinia historical region, its territory borders the municipalities of Buonalbergo, Ginestra degli Schiavoni, Montecalvo Irpino, and San Giorgio La Molara.

## Twin towns — sister cities

Casalbore is twinned with:
* Vinovo, Italy (2011)
# Commodity dependence

Commodity dependence is a high proportion of commodities in a country's exports. Therefore, a commodity-dependent country is a country in which commodities constitute the predominant share of its exports, that is when more than 60% of the merchandise a country exports, in value terms, are commodities.
The high number of exports combined with high proportion of commodities in the said exports has significant consequences on development of a country. Export reliance on main commodities, or "commodity dependence," has long been associated with underdevelopment, both conceptually and empirically. One of the main consequences of commodity dependence that commodity-dependent countries struggle with is when commodity prices get affected by negative price shocks, as this can negatively impact short- and medium-term economic development and welfare by increasing those countries' vulnerability to these price shocks.
More than half of the world's countries were dependent on commodities, according to a study made by the UNCTAD that looked at the level of commodity dependence around the world from 1998 to 2017, using trade data from 189 countries. Commodity dependence was found to be nearly entirely a developing country problem and to mostly affect those classified as least developed countries (LDCs) and landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) with Sub-Saharan Africa and South America being among the most affected regions.
It also revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between export diversification and a country's level of development (GDP per capita). However, only 13% of developed countries -- including Australia, New Zealand and Norway are in this situation.
Dependence can be higher for some nations. 35 countries in the world have commodities making more than 90% of their exports, with Angola, Iraq, Chad, Guinea-Bissau, and Nigeria surpassing 98%. The export revenue from a single product can be as high as 75% in some instances.
According to UNCTAD's State of Commodity Dependence 2021 report, published on September 8, the number of countries that are heavily dependent on commodities has climbed over the past ten years, from 93 in 2008-2009 to 101 in 2018-2019.
# Phaeobalia maculata

Phaeobalia maculata is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.
# Frank Stiefel

Frank Stiefel is an American filmmaker and photographer. His film Heaven Is a Traffic Jam on the 405 won the Oscar for Best Documentary Short Subject.

## Career

Stiefel was born to a Jewish family in New York and attended The City College of New York. Stiefel's career in the television business began in the 1970s, when he was making commercials, among other things. In 1999 he was the executive producer of the documentary short film Two Weddings. He made his directorial debut in 2009 with the movie Ingelore, a short film about the Jewish Holocaust survivor Ingelore Herz Honigstein. The documentary, which he dedicated to his mother, tells the story of how his mother has survived being raped by two Nazis and managed to flee to the United States. This film was presented at film festivals and broadcast on the station HBO.
Frank Stiefel is married to artist BJ Dockweiler and has two daughters.

## Filmography
### Producer

* 2017: Bose Angelo' (Short) (executive producer) (completed)
* 2016: Heaven is a Traffic Jam on the 405' (Documentary short) (producer)
* 2009: Ingelore' (Documentary short) (producer)
* 2008: Two Roads to the Taupo 1000' (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)
* 2007: Two Roads to Baja' (TV Movie documentary) (executive producer)
* 2002: A Stoner's Life' (Short) (producer)
* 1999: Two Weddings' (Documentary short) (executive producer)

### Director

* 2016: Heaven is a Traffic Jam on the 405' (Documentary short)
* 2009: Ingelore' (Documentary short)

### Cinematographer

* 2016: Heaven is a Traffic Jam on the 405' (Documentary short)

### Other

* 2009: Ingelore' (Documentary short) (camera operator)
* 1980: Mr. & Mrs. Dracula' (TV Series) (assistant to the producer - 1 episode)
* 2011: Stage 5' (TV Series, himself)
# Quercus urbani

Quercus urbani, also known as Quercus urbanii, is a species of oak. It is native to western and central Mexico from Sinaloa, Durango, and Zacatecas to Oaxaca. It was previously synonymized with Quercus pennivenia, but this was restored as an independent species in 2020.

## Description

Quercus urbani is a deciduous tree up to 10 metres (33 feet) tall with a trunk as much as 30 centimetres (12 inches) in diameter. The leaves are thick and leathery, up to 30 cm long, broadly egg-shaped (almost round), with pointed teeth along the edges.

## Distribution and habitat

Quercus urbani is native to central Mexico (south to northern Guerrero). While still synonymized with Quercus pennivenia, it was said to have a disjunct distribution across several mountain ranges in Mexico, including the western slope of the southern Sierra Madre Occidental, the south-central Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt including the Sierra de Taxco, and the Sierra Madre del Sur.
Quercus urbani found on reddish sterile igneous soil, between 1,800 and 2,200 meters elevation. It typically grows in monspecific stands, and sometimes with pines and other oaks. In pine forests it is often associated with Pinus lumholtzii. Quercus urbani forms a lower woody stratum with young P. lumholtzii trees, Quercus crassifolia, Juniperus deppeana, and Nolina durangensis.
# Crucify My Love

"Crucify My Love" is the fifteenth single by Japanese heavy metal band X Japan, released on August 26, 1996. A power ballad, "Crucify My Love" is written and performed entirely in English, unlike most of the band's songs.

## Summary

Its B-side is a live version of one of the band's earlier singles, "Week End", recorded on December 31, 1995 at the Tokyo Dome.
"Crucify My Love" was covered by Spanish gothic metal band Gothic Dolls on their 2008 album The Last Breath. It was the ending theme of the TV programme Tonight 2 (トゥナイト2) on Asahi TV, and used in Nippon Oil's ZOA television advertisement.

## Commercial performance

The single reached number 2 on the Oricon charts, and charted for 9 weeks. It is certified Gold by RIAJ.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Yoshiki

## Personnel

* Co-Producer – X Japan
* Orchestra arranged by – Yoshiki, Dick Marx, Shelly Berg
* Scored by – Tom Halm
* Orchestra – American Symphony Orchestra
* Mixed by – Mike Ging
* Recorded by – Mike Ging, Rich Breen
* Assistant engineers – Tal Miller, Carl Nappa, Paul Falcone
* Mastered by – Stephen Marcussen
* A&R directed by – Osamu Nagashima
* Art directed by – Shige "#11" Komai
* Executive producers – Ryuzo "Jr." Kosugi, Yukitaka Mashimo
# Valipe

Valipe is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia. Valipe has about 10 people.
# Catherine Tasca

Catherine Tasca (French pronunciation:; born 13 December 1941 in Lyon) is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as a member of the Senate of France, representing the Yvelines department from 2004 to 2017, including as the Senate's vice-president. From 2000 to 2002 she was Minister of Culture in France.

## Early life and education

Tasca is the daughter of Angelo Tasca, a former founding member of the Communist Party of Italy from Piedmont. After expulsion from the Communist Party, Angelo went into exile in France. There he joined the French Section of the Workers' International in 1934 and later supported the Vichy regime in the 1940s.

## Political career

During her time as Minister of Culture, Tasca caused a diplomatic incident when she announced that she would boycott the opening of the Paris Book Fair in 2002, which celebrated Italy, if it were attended by Italy's right-wing prime minister, Silvio Berlusconi.
Ahead of the Socialist Party's 2011 primaries, Tasca endorsed Martine Aubry as the party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election.
# Seeder

A seeder is a stamp-type leatherworking tool used in leather carving. It is predominantly used in floral designs to represent the seeds in the center of a flower, hence the name. Similar to other stamp-type tools, it is held vertically over the leather and struck with a wooden or rawhide mallet to create an impression in the surface of the leather. The seeder creates a small circular impression, often similar to an asterisk with a hole in the center.
# Seton Hall (disambiguation)

Seton Hall University is a four-year University with its main campus and schools located in South Orange, New Jersey.
Seton Hall may also refer to:
* Seton Hall Preparatory School, a private High School with its main campus in West Orange, New Jersey
* Elizabeth Ann Seton (aka Mother Seton, 1774–1821), founder of a Catholic girls school in Emmitsburg, Maryland and the Sisters of Charity Roman Catholic order
# Come On England

"Come On England" is a music single by the band 4-4-2. The song is a re-working of the Dexys Midnight Runners hit "Come On Eileen". A football-themed song, it was released on 7 June 2004 to coincide with the England national team's appearance at the European Championships. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number two, held off the number-one spot by "I Don't Wanna Know" by Mario Winans.
4-4-2 consisted of Phil Doleman (banjo), Mark Knight (fiddle), Jimmy McCafferty (drums), Lucy Wills (trumpet), Neil Murray (vocals), former Coventry City player Micky Quinn (vocals) and Ian Murphy (vocals). The band appeared on the U.K. TV shows CD:UK and, alongside Pharrell Williams and Blue, Top of the Pops to promote the single.

## Music video

The video features the popular glamour models Lucy Pinder and Michelle Marsh.
# Phanaeus adonis

Phanaeus adonis is a species of true dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, found primarily in north-central Mexico, but also ranging into Cameron County in far southern Texas, United States.
# Kayan, Ergani

Kayan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ergani, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 242 (2022).
# Encyclopedia of American Studies

The Encyclopedia of American Studies (EAS) covers the history and culture of the United States, from pre-colonial days to the present, and the American Studies movement. The Encyclopedia of American Studies first appeared in 2001 as a four-volume print edition, published by Grolier Press. The EAS was sponsored by the American Studies Association, which appointed an editorial board consisting of Johnnella Butler, Robert Gross, and Miles Orvell. (Robert Gross was replaced by Jay Mechling during the first year of planning.) The intent behind the EAS was to create a work that would serve the needs of scholars, graduate students, college students and a high school audience, a work that would be accessible yet authoritative and that would cover the range of American history and culture from an interdisciplinary perspective. Articles in the EAS range from the singular features of American material culture (e.g. the Statue of Liberty or Barbie Dolls) to the broadest concepts of American intellectual culture (e.g. Exceptionalism and Millennialism) as well as the methods and theories of American Studies.
In 2003 the EAS appeared in its initial online version, and in 2005 Johns Hopkins University Press took over as publisher, working with the American Studies Association, and making the EAS a regular benefit of membership in the ASA. Miles Orvell served as Editor in Chief of the online version until 2011 and organized an EAS Advisory Board appointed by the American Studies Association. In 2011, Simon J. Bronner, distinguished professor of American Studies at Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, took over the reins of the EAS as Editor in Chief. Participation in the EAS grew with the involvement of students, staff, faculty, and regional scholars around the doctoral program in American Studies at Penn State Harrisburg in addition to an international roster of contributors and advisory board members. The online version added illustrations, related web links, and bibliographic listings to the original entries. The EAS also sponsored a Forum on the American Studies Association website with essays related to the mission of the Encyclopedia such as "Encyclopedias and American Studies" with a panel of encyclopedia editors and "Organizing a Class on Organizing" by Mark Rudd. The EAS is expanded and updated quarterly, with an ever-growing database of articles, illustrations, and bibliographies that stay current with the evolution of American Studies scholarship. In 2011, the EAS had over 700 entries, including new topics such as "transnationalism," "American Studies: A Discipline," and "Women and Labor."
# Susie Williams

Susannah Jane Williams (15 September 1875 – 27 May 1942), better known as Susie Williams, was an Australian educator. She served for 16 years as principal of The Women's College at the University of Sydney.

## Early life and education

Williams was born at Castlemaine in Victoria on 15 September 1875. Her parents were Jane (née Jones) and Welsh-born grocer Edward David Williams. Her father was Member for Castlemaine in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1894 to 1904. She completed her secondary education at Castlemaine Grammar School, then attended the University of Melbourne, living at Trinity College Hostel while she studied for a Bachelor of Arts. She graduated in 1897 with first-class honours. She went to England and enrolled at Newnham College, Cambridge reading classics (1897–1901) and also read archaeology at the University of London (1897–1898).

## Career

Williams returned to Australia where she tutored in classics at the University of Melbourne. She joined Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School in 1902 as an English and classics teacher and was promoted to head of staff in 1908. In 1914 she returned tutor in classics at Trinity College and became acting principal of Trinity College Hostel in 1919.
In June 1919 Williams was appointed the second principal of The Women's College (TWC) at the University of Sydney, taking over from Louisa Macdonald who had served in the role since it opened in 1892. Under her management, the college grew from 40 to 70 students.
Following her retirement from TWC in 1935 she was appointed principal of University Women's College at the University of Melbourne, overseeing its opening in 1937. She was succeeded by Greta Hort in 1938.
# Varshavsky

Varshavsky (masculine), Varshavskaya (feminine), or Varshavskoye (neuter) may refer to:

## Places

* Varshavsky Rail Terminal, a former rail terminal in St. Petersburg, Russia
* Varshavskaya (Moscow Metro), a station of the Moscow Metro, Russia
* Varshavskoye (MPD), a motion power depot of the Moscow Metro
* Varshavskoye Shosse, a highway in Moscow, Russia
* Warsaw Governorate (Varshavskaya Guberniya)
# Casselia

Casselia is a small genus of flowering plants in the verbena family (Verbenaceae) first named in 1823. Plants in the genus Casselia are native to South America.

## Species

As of 2020, Kew's Plants of the World Online accepts seven species in the genus Casselia:
* Casselia chamaedryfolia Cham.
* Casselia confertiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke
* Casselia glaziovii (Briq. & Moldenke) Moldenke
* Casselia integrifolia Nees & Mart.
* Casselia rosularis Sandwith
* Casselia serrata Nees & Mart.
* Casselia zelota (Moldenke) Moldenke
# Part II Bistro Ladies Classic

The Part II Bistro Ladies Classic (formerly the Listowel Women's Classic and the Listowel Women's Cash Spiel) is a bonspiel that is part of the women's Ontario Curling Tour. The event is an annual event held in November and takes place at the Wingham Golf and Curling Club in Wingham, Ontario. Prior to 2018 it was held at the Listowel Curling Club in Listowel, Ontario. The first event was held in 2015, and was sponsored by Libro Credit Union. In its latest season in 2019, it was part of the World Curling Tour.

## Past champions

| Year | Winning skip | Runner-up skip | Purse (CAD) | Winner's share |
| 2015 | Julie Tippin | Megan Balsdon | $6,800 | $2,500 |
| 2016 | Danielle Inglis | Julie Hastings | $8,200 | $2,000 |
| 2017 | Cathy Auld | Katelyn Wasylkiw | $5,000 | $2,000 |
| 2018 | Jestyn Murphy | Cathy Auld | $10,400 | $3,000 |
| 2019 | Katelyn Wasylkiw | Jestyn Murphy | $10,400 | $3,000 |
| 2021 | Irene Schori | Cathy Auld | $10,000 | |
# Seedling (disambiguation)

A seedling is young plant after germination from seeds (sometimes also referred to as sprouts).
Seedling may also refer to:
* Seedlings (novel), a book in the Deathlands series by James Axler
* Seedlings (film), a Pakistani film directed by Mansoor Mujahid
* Seedlings (gumball), a type of gumball candy
# Pharga

Pharga is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1863.

## Taxonomy

The genus was previously classified in the subfamily Calpinae of the family Noctuidae.

## Species

* Pharga barbara Schaus, 1915 Rio de Janeiro in Brazil
* Pharga pallens (Barnes & McDunnough, 1911) Arizona in the US
* Pharga pholausalis (Walker, [1859]) Venezuela
# Empress Lu (Tang dynasty)

Empress Lu (陸皇后, personal name unknown) was briefly an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang dynasty in 710. Her husband was Emperor Shang (Li Chongmao).
Very little is known about her. It is known that when Li Chongmao was the Prince of Wen under his father Emperor Zhongzong, she was the Princess of Wen. In 710, after Emperor Zhongzong's sudden death—a death that traditional historians believed to be a poisoning carried out by Emperor Zhongzong's wife Empress Wei and daughter Li Guo'er the Princess Anle—Li Chongmao was made emperor, although Empress Wei retained power as empress dowager and regent. Princess Lu was created empress. Less than a month later, Emperor Zhongzong's sister Princess Taiping and nephew Li Longji the Prince of Linzi rose in rebellion and killed Empress Dowager Wei and Li Guo'er. Emperor Shang was subsequently reduced back to princely rank, and Li Longji's father Li Dan the Prince of Xiang became emperor (as Emperor Ruizong). Nothing further was mentioned about Empress Lu, although presumably she became Princess of Wen again. It is not known whether she survived Li Chongmao, who died in 714 without a son, whether by her or any other consort.
# Sutlej Medal

The Sutlej Medal was a campaign medal approved in 1846, for issue to officers and men of the British Army and Honourable East India Company who served in the Sutlej campaign of 1845–46 (also known as the First Anglo-Sikh War). This medal was the first to use clasps to denote soldiers who fought in the major battles of the campaign.
The medal was approved on 17 April 1846.

## Description

* A circular silver medal, 36 millimetres (1.4 in) in diameter, designed by William Wyon.
* Obverse: The diademed head of Queen Victoria with the legend VICTORIA REGINA.
* Reverse: A standing figure of victory, facing left and holding a wreath in her outstretched hand, with a collection of trophies at her feet. Around the circumference is the legend ARMY OF THE SUTLEJ, with the name and year of the first battle in which the recipient served below.
* The recipient's name and unit are impressed on the rim of the medal in capital letters or roman skeleton lettering.
* Ribbon: The 31.7 millimetres (1.25 in) wide ribbon is dark blue with crimson edges.

## Clasps

The Sutlej Medal commemorates four battles. The first in which the recipient participated is shown on the reverse of the medal, with any further battles indicated by a clasp. As there was no battle prior to the battle of Moodkee no clasp was produced for this action. The three clasps awarded were for the battles of:
* Ferozeshuhur
* Aliwal
* Sobraon