OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Philippe DeJean

Philippe DeJean (1736 – c.1809) was a judge in Fort Detroit until he was captured during the American Revolution.
He was born 5 April 1736 in Toulouse, France, the son of Philippe Dejean and Jeanne de Rocques de Carbouere. His father was a legal officer, and may have given his son legal training.
DeJean was living in North American by 1761, and was a merchant in Detroit by 1766. By that time, the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France was over, and DeJean was under the jurisdiction of Great Britain. He was appointed Justice of the Peace in April 1767.
As the town surrounding Fort Detroit grew, DeJean's powers expanded, and he was soon appointed as Judge. The American Revolution created a crisis situation in which DeJean's authority as Judge and Henry Hamilton's authority as Lt-Governor went unchecked. Notably, in 1777 he executed Ann Wyley and a male accomplice for mere theft, in order to set an example to others. DeJean's reputation as a harsh judge who sometimes overstepped legal bounds was noticed beyond Detroit. Governor Guy Carleton criticized both DeJean and Hamilton for unjust and illegal acts, and they were both indicted in Montreal for "being tyrannical and acting illegally"
Hamilton left Detroit on an expedition to recapture Post Vincennes, South of Detroit along the Wabash River, which had recently declared its support for the Americans. DeJean, perhaps aware of his precarious legal position without the support of Hamilton, accompanied a convoy of reinforcements. Hamilton was captured at Fort Sackville by Colonel George Rogers Clark, and DeJean- along with some papers he neglected to destroy- was captured on the Wabash by Captain Leonard Helm.
DeJean was held as a prisoner in Williamsburg for four months, after which time he was paroled because he was considered sympathetic to the American cause. He returned to Vincennes, but did not return to Detroit for fear of prosecution for his abuses of power. His family, however, was not permitted to leave Detroit, and it appears that DeJean finally returned by late 1780.
Detroit court records from July 1790 indicate that he lived outside British dominions. Various records indicate that DeJean may have returned to France for a time, and/or may have relocated to Vincennes. An 1807 census of Vincennes lists Philip Dejean, Male over 21. The Dictionary of Canadian Biography lists his death in or after 1809, when documents cease to list his name.
# Philydrum

Philydrum is a genus of tufted, herbaceous, aquatic macrophyte plants, one of three genera constituting the plant family Philydraceae.
Philydrum lanuginosum is the sole known species. They are commonly known as frogsmouths and woolly waterlilies.
Woolly waterlilies occur naturally across south and east Asia, including India, S. China, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam; across Malesia including New Guinea; across northern and eastern Australia and the Pacific Islands. In Australia they grow naturally in wetlands in northern WA, NT, Qld, NSW and Vic.
They have spongy, soft, hairy, herbaceous foliage. The foliage grows upright in tufts up to 80 cm (2.6 ft) high, from short–creeping and branching stems rooted in the mud. The stems grow up taller than the leaves, becoming green and woolly spikes up to 2 m (6.6 ft) high. The spikes successively open many, attractive, fine yellow flowers. Long, pointed, green and woolly bracts up to 7 cm (2.8 in) enclose each bud. As the spike grows, each successively mature bud's bract reflexes, opening the flower inside and subtending it, holding its delicate yellow 'petals' on display. Each flower has two, outer, showy yellow 'petals' (perianth segments), hairy on the outside and measuring up to 15 mm × 10 mm (0.6 in × 0.4 in). They look like open yellow mouths hence the common name frogsmouths. Within, the two inner, smaller, yellow 'petals' stand around the reproductive parts, of the single stamen and style.
Woolly waterlilies have some popularity in Australian wetland landscaping and gardening, but have yet to become very well known.

## formerly included in genus

now in Helmholtzia
* P. glaberrimum - Helmholtzia glaberrima
* P. helmholtzii - Helmholtzia acorifolia
# Phloeotribus frontalis

Phloeotribus frontalis is a species of crenulate bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Phloeotribus liminaris

Phloeotribus liminaris, the peach bark beetle, is a species of crenulate bark beetle in the family Curculionidae.
# Phloeomyzinae

Phloeomyzinae is a subfamily of the family Aphididae.

## Genera

* †Dongbeiaphis Hong, 2002
* †Eocylindrites Hong, 2002
* †Eophloeomyzus Hong, 2002
* †Orbitaphis Hong, 2002
* Phloeomyzus de Horváth, 1896
# Phyllotreta bipustulata

Phyllotreta bipustulata, the woodland flea beetle, is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# Photoactivatable fluorescent protein

Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins (PAFPs) is a type of fluorescent protein that exhibit fluorescence that can be modified by a light-induced chemical reaction.

## History

The first PAFP, Kaede (protein), was isolated from Trachyphyllia geoffroyi in a cDNA library screen designed to identify new fluorescent proteins. A fluorescent green protein derived from this screen was serendipitously discovered to have sensitivity to ultraviolet light--
   We happened to leave one of the protein aliquots on the laboratory bench overnight. The next day, we found that the protein sample on the bench had turned red, whereas the others that were kept in a paper box remained green. Although the sky had been partly cloudy, the red sample had been exposed to sunlight through the south-facing windows.

## Properties

Many PAFPs have been engineered from existing fluorescent proteins or identified from large-scale screens in the wake of Kaede's discovery. Many of these undergo green-to-red photoconversion, but other colors are available. Some proteins take part in irreversible photoconversion reactions while other reactions can be reversed using light of a specific wavelength.

## List of PAFPs

PAFP Properties :
| PAFP | Absorbance$_1$ (nm) | Emission$_1$ (nm) | Absorbance$_2$ (nm) | Emission$_2$ (nm) | Photoconversion wavelength | Reversibility | Brightness$_1$* | Brightness$_2$* | Reference |
| Kaede (protein) | 508 | 518 | 572 | 580 | ultraviolet | none | 2.64X | 0.60X | |
| Eos (protein) | 506 | 516 | 571 | 581 | ultraviolet | none | 1.30X | 0.70X | |
| IrisFP | 488 | 516 | 551 | 580 | ultraviolet | none | 0.66X | 0.49X | |
| IrisFP | 488 | 516 | 390 | ? | 490 nm | reversible, 390 nm | ? | ? | idem |
| IrisFP | 551 | 580 | 440 | ? | 550 nm | reversible, 440 nm | ? | ? | idem |
| KikGR/Kikume | 507 | 517 | 583 | 593 | ultraviolet | none | 0.60X | 0.64X | |
| Dronpa | 503 | 518 | 390 | ? | 490 nm | reversible, 390 nm | ? | ? | |
| PAGFP | 400 | ? | 504 | 517 | ultraviolet | none | 0.08X | 0.42X | |
| PS-CFP | 402 | 468 | 490 | 511 | ultraviolet | none | 0.17X | 0.16X | |
| KFP1 | ? | ? | 590 | 600 | green | variable | 0.004X | 0.13X |
| *Brightness values are relative to EGFP. ||||||||||

## Applications

Unlike other fluorescent proteins, PAFPs can be used as selective optical markers. An entirely labeled cell can be followed to assess cell division, migration, and morphology. Very small volumes containing PAFPs can be activated with a laser. In these cases, protein trafficking, diffusion, and turnover can be assessed.
# Pic de la Munia

The Pic de la Munia culminating at 3,133 m (10,279 ft) is the highest point of the three cirques of Troumouse, Barroude and Barrosa. It is located on the border between France (Hautes-Pyrénées department) and Spain (Huesca province).

## Toponymy

Era Munia could mean "nun", from « moniale », of Spanish origin. Otherwise, it could stem from Latin, moenia meaning « walls », which corresponds to its relief.

## Access

There are three main access routes which lead to the summit of la Munia.
The first, most direct and most frequented, runs along the impressive north face, in the vast cirque de Troumouse. The starting point is located at the Troumouse car park, at about 2,100 m. The ascent is a bit technical (PD), with two delicate passages : a first small wall (III-) that one needs to climb before arriving at the col de la Munia, then the cat's footstep (II) shortly before the summit ~ all this achieved in a spectacular high mountain landscape. After having reached the col de la Munia (at 2,853 m), the route leading to the summit is clear-cut, leading straight east, by a sharp ridge.
The second starts south, in the Pineta valley at about 1,900 m. A path leads (without any major difficulty) to the col de la Munia, this time from the other side of the mountain. The ascent concludes the same way as the first route.
The third, begins at Troumouse car park, but runs through the most eastern point of the cirque. The ascent is made along the crest, from east to west.
# Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides

Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides, the Ruwenzori river frog or Ruwenzori puddle frog, is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is found in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Uganda, and extreme western Tanzania, although its precise distribution is uncertain. It has been treated as a junior synonym of Phrynobatrachus dendrobates, but is currently treated as a valid species.
Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides occurs in montane forest, usually above 900 m (3,000 ft) of elevation. Breeding presumably takes place in water.
This species is threatened by habitat loss (deforestation) caused by agricultural activities, wood extraction, and the expansion of human settlements. Mining is also a potential threat. It is present the Itombwe Natural Reserve, although this does not offer sufficient protection.
# Phrynobatrachus parkeri

Phrynobatrachus parkeri is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is endemic to the west-central and northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is only known from a few widely separated localities. It is similar to Phrynobatrachus acridoides (Cope, 1867), and it might be a synonym of the latter. The specific name parkeri honors Hampton Wildman Parker, an English zoologist and herpetologist. Common name Parker's river frog has been coined for it.

## Description

Adult males measure 18–24 mm (0.7–0.9 in) and adult females 19–26 mm (0.7–1.0 in) in snout–vent length. The head is longer than it is broad, but the snout is short. The tympanum is present but may be obscured by skin. The toe tips are dilated into small but distinct, round discs. The toes are moderately webbed, distinguishing it from the more extensively webbed Phrynobatrachus acridoides. There is a pair of concave ridges on the anterior part of the dorsum. Coloration is polymorphic. One form is dorsally dark greyish brown, usually with black areas overlying the dermal ridges. The second color morph is otherwise similar but has a narrow yellow or orange vertebral stripe superimposed on the previous pattern. The third morph has a reddish brown dorsum, edged with a black line and grayish brown sides. Most individuals have a narrow oblique stripe on the rear of the thigh. All individuals have whitish bellies, and males may have a grey or black throat. Mature males have a subgular vocal sac, grey nuptials pads, and many tiny spinules on the throat and the chest.

## Habitat and conservation

Phrynobatrachus parkeri occurs in grassy and shrubby savanna and in gallery forests. In the Garamba National Park, the majority (two thirds) of individuals were found in wet environments (marshes, springs, ponds, streams). Breeding probably takes place throughout the wet season. Males call at all times of the day, often from very small pools.
This is a poorly known species. It was abundant in the Garamba National Park. It is believed to be adaptable and not to face significant threats.
# Phrynobatrachus ogoensis

Phrynobatrachus ogoensis (also known as the Ogowe river frog) is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is endemic to Gabon and is known from its type locality, Lambaréné in the Moyen-Ogooué Province and from the Ramba Village in the Ogooué-Ivindo Province, in the buffer zone of the Lopé National Park.

## Description

The type specimen measures 20 mm (0.8 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is obtusely pointed. The tympanum is not visible. The finger tips are feebly dilated. The toes are nearly half-webbed, with the webbing extending as a fringe on the sides to the tips; the toe tips are dilated into small but distinct discs. Dorsal skin is smooth or has small warts. A fold runs from the eye to the shoulder. The dorsum is brown and bears indistinct darker markings. The limbs have darker cross-bands. A light vertebral stripe may be present. The lips have large dark brown spots. The venter is white. The throat is dark brown in males and may be spotted with brown in females. Males have a subgular vocal sac.

## Habitat and conservation

Ecology of this species is poorly known. The specimen from the Ramba Village (a gravid female) was collected from leaf litter in secondary forest at 220 m (720 ft) above sea level.
Threats to Phrynobatrachus ogoensis are not known. It is quite possible that it occurs the Lopé National Park.
# Pierce Mahony

Pierce Mahony may refer to:
* Pierce Mahony (Kinsale MP) (1792–1853), Irish Repeal MP for Kinsale
* Pierce Charles de Lacy O'Mahony (1850–1930), Irish Parliamentary Party MP for North Meath, known as Pierce Mahony until 1901
# Pierce Manse

The Pierce Manse is a historic house museum located in Concord, New Hampshire. It was the home of the 14th president of the United States, Franklin Pierce, who lived there from 1842 to 1848, not long before his presidency.

## Overview

Franklin Pierce and his wife Jane Pierce moved here after she persuaded him to resign his seat in the United States Senate and leave Washington, D.C. They owned the home from 1842 to 1848. Pierce resumed his law practice and also served as district attorney and chairman of the Democratic Party. During this time, Pierce advocated on behalf of James K. Polk's campaign for the presidency. Polk appointed Pierce U.S. Attorney for the State of New Hampshire as a reward in 1845.
In May 1845, Pierce took a trip away from home to visit his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne and his wife Sophia Peabody, who were then living in The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, along with their Bowdoin College friend Horatio Bridge. Peabody recalled the meeting fondly and recorded her first impression of Pierce as "loveliness and truth of character and natural refinement." In 1846, Polk offered Pierce the United States Attorney General position, which Pierce declined on account of his wife's health. That year, with the outbreak of the Mexican–American War, Pierce enlisted as a private and was soon promoted to brigadier general. After an accident resulted in injury during the Battle of Contreras, he resigned from the Army by 1848.
In 1971 the building was threatened with demolition as part of an urban renewal project. Locals created the "Pierce Brigade", an organization to raise funds to purchase and save the home. Due to their efforts, the building was moved from Montgomery Street in Concord to its present location at 14 Horseshoe Pond Lane (in 1971 known as Penacook Street). It was opened to the public in 1974.
The home is available for guided tours from mid-June to October. It continues to be operated by the Pierce Brigade.
# Phyllonorycter brunnea

Phyllonorycter brunnea is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the island of Rhodes in Greece.
The length of the forewings is about 3.1 mm (0.12 in).
# Physalis walteri

Physalis walteri, commonly known as Walter's groundcherry or dune groundcherry, is a species of flowering plant. Its native distribution is Alabama, Florida, Georgia and Virginia in the United States as well as Northeast Mexico. Its habitat is pinelands and open coastal areas.
It is a perennial herb that grows to a height of around 2 feet with yellow flowers that bloom from May to September. It grows from deep and stout roots with stems that are a mix of erect and ground spreading densely covered with very small hairs. The leaves are 3 to 13 cm long and 1.5 to 5 cm wide.
It is named after Thomas Walter a botanist born in Britain who moved to Charleston, South Carolina in the 18th century.
# Physalospora

Physalospora is a genus of fungi in the family Hyponectriaceae. The genus is estimated to contain about 36 species that grow on dead leaves. Often confused with Botryosphaeria, Physalospora is probably polyphyletic.

## Species

* Physalospora abdita
* Physalospora alpestris
* Physalospora anamalaiensis
* Physalospora aquatica
* Physalospora arctostaphyli
* Physalospora corni
* Physalospora disrupta
* Physalospora empetri
* Physalospora ephedrae
* Physalospora eucalypti
* Physalospora euphorbiae
* Physalospora lonicerae
* Physalospora perseae
* Physalospora prasiolae
* Physalospora rhododendri
* Physalospora scirpi
* Physalospora vaccinii
* Physalospora vitis-idaeae
# Physalosporopsis

Physalosporopsis is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis). Also, the placement of this genus within the Dothideomycetes is uncertain. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Physalosporopsis rhizophoricola.
# Physalopteridae

Physalopteridae is a family of spirurian nematodes, which belongs to the superfamily Physalopteroidea. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.
The Physalopteridae include species which are parasitic in various vertebrates.

## Systematics

The family includes:
* Subfamily Physalopterinae Railliet, 1893
** Genus Physaloptera Rudolphi, 1819
** Genus Abbreviata Travassos, 1920
* Subfamily Proleptinae Schulz, 1927
** Genus Rasheedia Moravec & Justine, 2018
** Genus Heliconema Travassos, 1919
** Genus Paraleptus Wu, 1927
** Genus Proleptus Dujardin, 1845
# Physalospora perseae

Physalospora perseae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting avocados.
# Pieter Cornelisz van der Morsch

Pieter Cornelisz van der Morsch (1543 – 1628), was a man in Leiden best known today for his portrait that was painted by Frans Hals in 1616.
According to K.van der Laan he was the Leiden Beadle and called himself Piero. He was the jester of the Leiden rederijkers club De Witte Acoleyen and signed his works with his motto, which was "LX.N.Tyt" (spoken "el eks en Tyt", or "to each his time"). In 1598 he sent an invitation in rhyme to the other rederijker clubs to come perform at his wedding, and nine did.
In the portrait of him painted by Hals, he is shown holding a smoked herring (the word for herring "bucken", or "bokking", has the double meaning of herring and red herring, referring to satiric comments). On the left, the text "Wie begeert?" means "Who wants some?". This phrase accompanied by the little monkey's head holding up his coat of arms in the upper right hand corner refer to his sharp wit and his epitaph, which he wrote himself. This epitaph was "Hier Leyt Piero/die deelde Bucken/En was Hier Bo/Van In te Rucken". Loosely translated this means Here lies Piero who handed out satiric comments; he was here "Bo" (Beadle) to be pulled, where these last words mean that from "pulling your leg", he could now be pulled from the heavens above.
This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1910, who wrote; "205. PIETER CORNELISZ VAN DER MORSCH (1546- 1629). B. 143 ; M. 259. Half-length. He is seen in full face, slightly turned to the left, and looks at the spectator. In his left hand he carries a basket of herrings packed in straw ; he holds up a herring in his right hand. Dark-green background. On the wall to the left is inscribed, "WIE BEEGERT"; to the right at top is his coat-of-arms, bearing half a silver unicorn. Inscribed below the coat-of-arms, " AETAT SVAE 73 (and under this) 1616" ; panel, 33 inches by 26 1/2 inches. See Moes, Iconographia Batava, No. 5171. An eighteenth-century drawing by V. van der Vinne after this portrait was in the Wertheim collection, Amsterdam, about 1883. Sales. Van Tol, Soeterwoude, near Leyden, June 15, 1779, No. 8 (15 florins, Delfos). Barend Kooy, Amsterdam, April 20, 1820, No. 38' (10 florins, Kopersmit). C. H. Hodges and others, Amsterdam, February 27, 1838, No. 294. J. A. Töpfer, Amsterdam, November 16, 1841, No. 28 (15 florins 50, Thijssen. In the possession of the London dealer Martin Colnaghi, from whom it was acquired in 1866. In the collection of the Earl of Northbrook, London, 1889 catalogue, No. 61."
# Piano Concerto No. 2 (Chopin)

The Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21, is a piano concerto composed by Frédéric Chopin in fall 1829. Chopin composed the piece before he had finished his formal education, at around 20 years of age. It was first performed on 17 March 1830, in Warsaw, Poland, with the composer as soloist. It was the second of his piano concertos to be published (after the Piano Concerto No. 1), and so was designated as "No. 2", even though it was written first.
From May 2024, a score from the collection of the National Library of Poland, where a piano part is in Chopin’s own hand, is presented at a permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth.

## Structure

The work contains the three movements typical of instrumental concertos of the period:
* Maestoso (F minor)
* Larghetto (A-flat major)
    A work of "undescribable beauty", this nocturnal movement is said to have been inspired by Chopin's distant idolization of Konstancja Gładkowska or of Tytus Woyciechowski. The main theme (the "A" section) is introduced by the piano after an orchestral introduction and is later repeated twice and again, at measure 82 (the start of the coda), is enhanced by the sublime entrance of the bassoon in canon, followed by the bassoon transitioning to a counter-melody.
* Allegro vivace (F minor – F major)
    The virtuosic finale is in rondo form. The violins and violas are at one point instructed to play col legno (with the wood of the bow). For the piano, the final sections are regarded as extremely technically demanding.
A typical performance lasts around 30 to 35 minutes.

## Orchestration

Chopin's fellow composers and Prof. Elsner's former students, Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński (1807-1867) and Tomasz Nidecki (1807-1852), are believed to have helped him orchestrate his piano concertos. This gave an excuse for other musicians to make slight alterations in the score. Alfred Cortot created his own orchestration of the F minor concerto and recorded it with the London Philharmonic Orchestra under John Barbirolli in 1935. Ingolf Wunder recorded Alfred Cortot's orchestration with minor changes done by himself in 2015. More recently (in 2017), Mikhail Pletnev recorded his arrangements of both of Chopin's piano concertos, conducting the Mahler Chamber Orchestra, with pianist Daniil Trifonov.