OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dependent-marking language

A dependent-marking language has grammatical markers of agreement and case government between the words of phrases that tend to appear more on dependents than on heads. The distinction between head-marking and dependent-marking was first explored by Johanna Nichols in 1986, and has since become a central criterion in language typology in which languages are classified according to whether they are more head-marking or dependent-marking. Many languages employ both head and dependent-marking, but some employ double-marking, and yet others employ zero-marking. However, it is not clear that the head of a clause has anything to do with the head of a noun phrase, or even what the head of a clause is.

## In English

English has few inflectional markers of agreement and so can be construed as zero-marking much of the time. Dependent-marking, however, occurs when a singular or plural noun demands the singular or plural form of the demonstrative determiner this/these or that/those and when a verb or preposition demands the subject or object form of a personal pronoun: I/me, he/him, she/her, they/them, who/whom. The following representations of dependency grammar illustrate some cases:
Plural nouns in English require the plural form of a dependent demonstrative determiner, and prepositions require the object form of a dependent personal pronoun.

## In German

Such instances of dependent-marking are a relatively rare occurrence in English, but dependent-marking occurs much more frequently in related languages, such as German. There, for instance, dependent-marking is present in most noun phrases. A noun marks its dependent determiner:
The noun marks the dependent determiner in gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter) and number (singular or plural). In other words, the gender and number of the noun determine the form of the determiner that must appear. Nouns in German also mark their dependent adjectives in gender and number, but the markings vary across determiners and adjectives. Also, a head noun in German can mark a dependent noun with the genitive case.
# December 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

December 15 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 17
All fixed commemorations below celebrated on December 29 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For December 16, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 3.

## Saints

* Prophet Haggai (Aggaeus) (500 BC) (see also: December 4, July 4)
* Martyr Marinus of Rome (283)
* Martyrs Promus (Probus) and Hilary, by the sword.
* Saint Memnon, Archbishop of Ephesus (c. 440)
* Saint Modestus II, Patriarch of Jerusalem (634) (see also December 18 - Modestus I)
* Saint Simeon, Archbishop of Antioch (834-840)
* Blessed Empress Theophania of Byzantium (893), wife of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise.
* Saint Nicholas Chrysoberges, Patriarch of Constantinople (995)

## Pre-Schism Western saints

* Martyrs Valentine, Concordius, Navalis and Agricola, martyrs venerated in Ravenna in Italy. (c. 305)
* Women Martyrs of North-West Africa, a great number of women martyred under Hunneric, Arian King of the Vandals (482)
* Saint Dabheog (Beoc, Beanus, Mobeoc), founder of a monastery on an island in Lough Derg in Donegal in Ireland (5th century)
* Saint Ado of Vienne (875)
* Saint Adelaide of Italy, daughter of the King of Burgundy, she was married to Lothair II of Italy, became a nun (999)

## Post-Schism Orthodox saints

* Saint Sophia of Suzdal, nun (Solomonia Saburova), wife of Grand Duke Basil III of Moscow (1542)

### New martyrs and confessors

* New Hieromartyr Vladimir Alexeyev, Priest, of Okhansk (1918)
* New Hieromartyr Arcadius (Ostalsky), Bishop of Bezhetsk (1937)
* New Hieromartyr Alexander Kolokolov, Protopresbyter of Tver (1937)
* New Hieromartyr Paul Favoritov, Priest of Tver (1937)
* New Hieromartyr Macarius Smirnov, Priest-monk of Tver (1937)
* New Hieromartyr Peter Zinoviev, Priest of Tver (1937)
* New Hieromartyr Theodosius Boldiriev, Priest of Tver (1937)
* New Hieromartyrs Priests Elias Cheredeev, and Vladimir Damaskinus (1937)

## Icon gallery

* Prophet Haggai, Russian icon from first quarter of 18th century
* Saint Theophano and her husband the emperor Leo IV the Wise.
* Saint Theophano (Menologion of Basil II, 10th century)
* Seal of Patriarch Nicholas II Chrysoberges.
* First Page of Martyrologium of Ado Viennensis. Edition: Rome, 1745.
* Saint Adelaide of Italy.
* St. Sophia of Suzdal.
* New Hieromartyr Arcadius (Ostalsky), Bishop of Bezhetsk.
* New Hieromartyr Arcadius (Ostalsky), Bishop of Bezhetsk - after NKVD tortures.
# Trinidad and Tobago at the 2015 Parapan American Games

Trinidad and Tobago competed in the 2015 Parapan American Games.

## Competitors

The following table lists Trinidad and Tobago's delegation per sport and gender.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Athletics | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Swimming | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Table Tennis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 3 | 1 | 4 |

## Medalists

The following competitors from Trinidad and Tobago won medals at the games. In the by discipline sections below, medalists' names are bolded.
| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Gold | Akeem Stewart | Athletics | Men's Discus Throw F44 | August 13 |
| Gold | Akeem Stewart | Athletics | Men's Javelin Throw F44 | August 14 |
Medals by sport :
| Sport | | | | Total |
| Athletics | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Total | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Medals by day :
| Day | | | | Total |
| August 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| August 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |

## Athletics
### Men

| Athlete | Event | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result | Rank |
| Carlos Grenne | Men's Shot Put F11/12 | 10.47 | 10.41 | 10.06 | 10.58 | 9.92 | 10.39 | 63.03 | 4 |
| Akeem Stewart | Men's Discus Throw F44 | 60.36 | X | X | X | - | 63.03 | 63.03 WR | |
| Akeem Stewart | Men's Javelin Throw F44 | 48.74 | 52.72 | 53.36 | 53.06 | X | 52.56 | 53.36 WR | |

## Swimming
### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Shanntol Ince | Women's 50 m Freestyle S9 | 33.71 Q | 3 | 33.36 | 6 |
| Shanntol Ince | Women's 100 m Butterfly S10(S8-10 | 1:20.02 Q | 4 | 1:19.11 | 8 |
| Shanntol Ince | Women's 100 m Freestyle S9 | — | — | 1:12.54 | 6 |
| Shanntol Ince | Women's 400 m Freestyle S9 | — | — | 5:28.81 | 7 |

## Table tennis

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary Round | Preliminary Round | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Rank |
| Dennis La Rose | Men's Singles Class 5 | Daniel Rodriguez (ARG) L (0-3) | Stuart Caplin (USA) W (3-2) | Elias Romero (ESA) L (1-3) | did not advance | did not advance | 5 |
# Salviati Planisphere

The Salviati Planisphere is a world map showing the Spanish view of the Earth's surface at the time of the map's creation, c. 1525, and includes the eastern coasts of North and South America and the Straits of Magellan. Rather than include imagined material in unexplored areas—as was customary—it is content to leave them blank, inviting future exploration.
It is believed to have been drawn by Nuño García de Toreno, the head of the Casa de la Contratación, in Seville. It takes its name from Cardinal Giovanni Salviati, the papal nuncio to Spain from 1525–30, who was given it by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, also King of Spain at the time.
It is currently located at the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, in Florence, Italy.
# RAF Hospital Uxbridge

RAF Hospital Uxbridge was a military hospital within the Royal Air Force station RAF Uxbridge.

## History

Douglas Bader arrived at the hospital in 1932 to recover after the amputation of both of his legs following a flying accident. It was during his stay that he met the Desoutter brothers who were pioneering the use of lightweight aluminium for the production of prosthetic limbs. Bader was fitted with the new style of legs and returned to active service with the RAF, to become known as "the legless pilot".
In early 1940, the officers' hospital on the station became the Women's Auxiliary Air Force Hospital, with the Officers' hospital moving to the RAF Hospital Torquay.
# R. N. Smith

Richard Norman Smith FRCVS (1926 – 12 August 1988), also known as Dr R. N. Smith, was President of the British Veterinary Association between 1975 and 1976. He was on the council of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons and served as chairman of the Education Committee at the same institution. He was an academic and practitioner at the newly formed Veterinary School at the University of Bristol from its inception in the 1950s, and therefore one of the first contributors to its future success.
Smith was a regular contributor to learned journals. He also enjoyed his role in ceremonial affairs at the University of Bristol as Bedell, Assistant Marshal, Deputy Macebearer and as Macebearer from 1982.

## Life

Richard Norman Smith was born in 1926 and educated at Bedford Modern School where he won the mile in a new school record and the Bedfordshire Youth mile, also in a then record time. After school, he went up to the Royal Veterinary College where he would later be a Demonstrator in Anatomy.
After the Royal Veterinary College, Smith joined the fledgling Veterinary School at the University of Bristol. He was on the council of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, and served as chairman of the Education Committee at the same institution. He was an academic and practitioner at the newly formed Veterinary School at the University of Bristol from its inception in the 1950s, and therefore one of the first contributors to its future success. He served as visiting professor at Purdue University between 1964 and 1965, and also provided courses at Ontario Veterinary College, and at Tufts University in Boston.
Smith later became president of the Mid-West Association of the British Veterinary Association, treasurer of the British Veterinary Association and then its president between 1975 and 1976.

## Selected works

* An Anatomy of the Horse, by Richard Norman Smith. Published by Quartilles International, London, 1973
* Anatomy of the Dog, by Richard Norman Smith. Published by Quartilles International, London, 1972
* Fusion of ossification centres in the cat, by R. N. Smith. Published in The Journal of Small Animal Practice, 1969
* Radiography for the Veterinary Surgeon, by Richard Norman Smith. Published by Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1960
* Fusion of the epiphyses of the limb bones of the sheep, by R. N. Smith. Published in The Veterinary Record, 1956
# 4-alpha-glucanotransferase

In enzymology, a 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.25) is an enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction that transfers a segment of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to a new position in an acceptor carbohydrate, which may be glucose or a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan.
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glycosyltransferase. Other names in common use include disproportionating enzyme, dextrin glycosyltransferase, D-enzyme, debranching enzyme maltodextrin glycosyltransferase, amylomaltase, and dextrin transglycosylase. This enzyme participates in starch and sucrose metabolism in plants. Studies of the enzyme from potato led to the discovery of cycloamylose.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 14 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1CWY, 1ESW, 1FP8, 1FP9, 1K1W, 1K1X, 1K1Y, 1LWH, 1LWJ, 1TZ7, 1X1N, 2OWC, 2OWW, and 2OWX.
# George H. Wanton

George Henry Wanton (May 15, 1868 – November 27, 1940) was a Buffalo Soldier in the United States Army and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Spanish–American War. Wanton and three of his fellow Buffalo Soldiers were the last black servicemen to be presented the Medal of Honor for more than half a century.

## Biography

Wanton was born on May 15, 1868, in Paterson, New Jersey, the son of William H. and Margaret (Miller) Wanton. He served in the Navy from 1884 to 1888, and joined the Army in August 1889. By June 30, 1898, was serving as a private in Troop M of the 10th Cavalry Regiment. He and 49 other Buffalo Soldiers were selected to serve in a special operations role during Battle of Tayacoba. On that day, American forces aboard the Florida near Trinidad, Cuba, dispatched a landing party to provide reconnaissance on Spanish outposts in the area prior to a planned deployment of Cuban resistance fighters in the area. The party was discovered by Spanish scouts and came under heavy fire; their boats were sunk by enemy cannon fire, leaving them stranded on shore.
The men aboard the Florida launched several rescue attempts; the first four were forced to retreat under heavy fire. The fifth attempt, manned by Wanton and three other privates of the 10th Cavalry (Dennis Bell, Fitz Lee, and William H. Thompkins) under the command of Lieutenant Ahern, launched at night and successfully found and rescued the surviving members of the landing party. Upon return to the ship, Wanton volunteered to go back and retrieve the body of Captain Jose Manuel Núñez (brother of General Emilio Núñez) who had been killed on the beach, but this was deemed too risky.
One year later, on June 23, 1899, four of the rescuers were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions in what had come to be known as the Battle of Tayacoba.
In November 1921, Wanton was selected as an honorary pallbearer at the burial of the Unknown Soldier.
George Wanton reached the rank of master sergeant and served in the Quartermaster Corps before leaving the Army.
He died at age 72 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington County, Virginia.

## Medal of Honor citation

Private Wanton's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   Voluntarily went ashore in the face of the enemy and aided in the rescue of his wounded comrades; this after several previous attempts at rescue had been frustrated.
# Riga Charter

The Riga Charter on Authenticity and Historical Reconstruction in Relationship to Cultural Heritage, known simply as the Riga Charter, is an international charter or a statement of the scope, objectives and participants in cultural heritage projects, which guides the conservation, restoration, maintenance, repair and use of historic railway equipment, which can still be operated.
The charter was adopted at Riga in Latvia on 23 and 24 October 2000 at the Regional Conference on Authenticity and Historical Reconstruction in Relationship to Cultural Heritage, initiated by ICCROM The Riga Charter was composed by a scientific committee organised for that purpose during the Riga meeting.

## Application

* The Riga Charter was adopted by FEDECRAIL (European Federation of Museum & Tourist Railways) at their Annual Meeting held at Anse, near Lyon on 16 April 2005
# Desmoglyptus

Desmoglyptus is a genus of flower weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There are at least two described species in Desmoglyptus.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Desmoglyptus:
* Desmoglyptus arizonicus Casey, 1920
* Desmoglyptus crenatus (LeConte, 1876)
# Ter (river)

The Ter (Catalan:) is a river in Catalonia, Spain. It rises in the Ulldeter, a glacial cirque in the East Pyrenees, at an approximate elevation of 2,400 metres (7,900 ft). At heights of around 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), the nearby peaks bordering the Ulldeter—the Bastiments, the Gra de Fajol, and the Pic de la Dona—supply its headwaters. The river runs through the comarques of Ripollès, Osona, Selva, Gironès, and Baix Empordà, discharging into the Mediterranean Sea at l'Estartit.
The Ter follows a course of 208 kilometres (129 mi) and drains an area of approximately 3,010 square kilometres (1,160 sq mi); its basin is described by a dendritic (branching, tree-like) and exorheic drainage pattern. Annually, an average of 840 cubic hectometres (680,000 acre⋅ft) of water is moved by the river, with an average flow rate of 25 cubic metres per second (880 cu ft/s) at its mouth. Although its headwaters are in the Pyrenees, the Ter receives significant inflow from rivers in the middle and lower plains. Thus it is susceptible to flooding in both the spring and the autumn.
# Tresjuncos

Tresjuncos is a municipality located in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 445 inhabitants.
# Ter Aard

Ter Aard is a hamlet in the Netherlands and is part of the Assen municipality in Drenthe.
Ter Aard is a statistical entity, and has its own postal code, however it is considered a part of Zeijen. It was first mentioned in 1335 as "in Arth" and means "near the farmland". In 1840, it was home to 25 people.
# Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority

The Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority (also known as the Peace Bridge Authority and the Public Bridge Authority) is the agency established to regulate the Peace Bridge, which crosses the Canada–United States border. This bridge is designed to handle vehicle traffic between Buffalo in the American state of New York and Fort Erie in the Canadian province of Ontario.
The authority is a bi-national agency, incorporated as both a Class D public benefit corporation in the State of New York and a Crown corporation federally in Canada, governed under the terms of an agreement between New York and the Canadian federal government.

## Board of directors

The Bridge Authority is led by a ten-member board, five from each country. The chairmanship alternates annually between a Canadian representative and an American representative.
Board of Directors :
| Canada | United States |
| Tim Clutterbuck, Chairman | Kenneth A. Manning, Vice Chairman |
| Llewellyn Holloway | Sam Gurney |
| Isabel Meharry | Marie Therese Dominguez |
| Patrick Robson | Anthony Masiello |
| Debbie Zimmerman | Michael J. Russo |
Two of the five US members are appointed by the Governor of New York with confirmation by the New York State Senate. The remaining members are the Commissioner of the New York State Department of Transportation, Chairman of the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority, and the Attorney General of New York (or their delegates).
All five of the Canadian members are appointed by the Governor-in-Council as per recommendation by the federal Minister of Transport.
# Races of Faerûn

Races of Faerûn is an optional supplemental sourcebook for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting for the 3rd edition of Dungeons & Dragons.

## Contents

Races of Faerûn centers on the races which inhabit Faerûn, the fictional continent where most of the Forgotten Realms setting is set, giving detailed information on the histories of the races in the Realms, their languages, clothing, relations to other races, culture and so on. And also, much to the delight of players, it gave detailed information on how to play the races as characters. Races explored were the major races dwarves, elves, gnomes, half-elves, half-orc, halflings, humans, and planetouched, as well as minor races, aarakocra, centaurs, goblinoids, kir-lanan, lizardfolk, lycanthropes, shades, wemics, and yuan-ti, and the various subraces (in the case of humans, ethnic groups) of each of the races.
A handful of new feats, spells, magic items, prestige classes, and monsters are also given.

## Publication history

Races of Faerûn was designed by Eric L. Boyd, James Jacobs, and Matt Forbeck, and published in March 2003. Cover art is by Greg Staples, with interior art by Dennis Calero, Dennis Cramer, Mike Dutton, Wayne England, Jeremy Jarvis, Vince Locke, David Martin, Raven Mimura, Jim Pavelec, Vinod Rams, and Adam Rex.
Eric Boyd explained that for this project, "Rich Baker assigned individual races to each designer. [...] The project was then given a unified look and feel by the in-house design staff to resolve any differences among our approaches." Matt Forbeck noted that, as a freelancer, "I had absolutely no contact with my co-writers. I dealt exclusively with Sean Reynolds and Rich Baker instead, and they drew up the book's outline and parceled out the individual pieces. Although I don't normally like books written by many isolated people, the structure of this book actually leant itself to that kind of approach." James Jacobs explained that he "came in at pretty much the tail end of the design process to work on two chapters (elves and orcs), so I ended up designing in my own little bubble. I'd turn in my work to Sean Reynolds, and he'd go through it and fix all the stuff that was broken (or more often, make some suggestions to me on how to fix them), and then I'd go over it again. Once everyone had their pieces of the book all done, R&D got to go through and make sure that the pieces all fit together nicely."

## Reception

In May 2003 Races of Faerûn landed on the Amazon.ca bestseller list at number 42.
In June 2021 D&D Beyond criticized the book's approach to diversity in a blog post, writing, "Books such as third edition's Races of Faerun went through great pains to detail the myriad of human ethnicities. Unfortunately, concepts like inclusivity and sensitivity weren't the priority when they were written."

## Reviews

* Black Gate #6
# Queen Yongmok

Queen Yongmok of the Yi clan (Korean: 용목왕후 이씨; Hanja: 容穆王后 李氏) was a Korean queen consort as the third wife of Jeongjong of Goryeo while her sister became Deokjong of Goryeo's fourth wife. As a queen, she lived in Changseong Palace (창성궁; 昌盛宮) and bore Jeongjong a daughter, Princess Doae.