OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Exoneration

Exoneration occurs when the conviction for a crime is reversed, either through demonstration of innocence, a flaw in the conviction, or otherwise. Attempts to exonerate individuals are particularly controversial in death penalty cases, especially where new evidence is put forth after the execution has taken place. The transitive verb, "to exonerate" can also mean to informally absolve one from blame.
The term "exoneration" also is used in criminal law to indicate a surety, i.e. bail bond has been satisfied, completed, and exonerated. The judge orders the bond exonerated; the clerk of court time stamps the original bail bond power and indicates exonerated as the judicial order.

## Based on DNA evidence

DNA evidence is a relatively new instrument of exoneration. The first convicted defendant from a United States prison to be released on account of DNA testing was David Vasquez, who had been convicted of homicide, in 1989. Subsequently, DNA evidence was used to exonerate a number of persons either on death row or serving lengthy prison sentences. As of October 2003, the number of states authorizing individuals to request DNA testing on their behalf had increased from two to thirty. Access to DNA testing then and now can vary greatly by degree; post-conviction tests can be difficult to acquire. Organizations such as the Innocence Project and Centurion are particularly concerned with the exoneration of those who have been convicted based on weak or faulty evidence, regardless of DNA evidence. In October 2003, prosecutors of criminal cases must approve the defendant's request for DNA testing in certain cases.
Monday, April 23, 2007, Jerry Miller became the 200th person in the United States exonerated through the use of DNA evidence. There is a national campaign in support of the formation of state Innocence Commissions, statewide entities that identify causes of wrongful convictions and develop state reforms that can improve the criminal justice system.
As of 2020, 375 people in the U.S. have been exonerated based on DNA tests. In nearly half of these cases, faulty forensics contributed to the original conviction.
Per February 4, 2014 NPR article, Laura Sullivan cited Samuel Gross, a University of Michigan law professor stating that exonerations were on the rise, and not just because of DNA evidence. Only one-fifth of the exonerations in 2013 relied on newly tested DNA, a little less than a third of exonerations occurred due to further investigating by law enforcement agencies.
According to a 2020 study, DNA exonerations in rape cases "strongly suggest that the wrongful-conviction rate is significantly higher among black individuals than white individuals."

## Exonerees after exoneration

Wrongful conviction has many social, economic, and psychological consequences for people later exonerated, especially for death row exonerees.
After exoneration, some exonerees publicly have joined or formed organizations like Witness to Innocence and the Innocence Project to tell their stories as a form of advocacy against the death penalty, prison conditions, or other criminal justice issues.
# Center for International Relations

The Center for International Relations (CIR) is a nonpartisan and nonprofit, tax exempt 501(c)(3) organization that publishes various materials about international relations and current affairs. The organization is based in the Washington, D.C. area, though its staff operates in various countries throughout the world.

## Activities

The CIR's core activities include publication of its online journal, publication of special reports, hosting special events and awarding annual prizes for outstanding essays submitted by students.

## Outlets
### International Affairs Forum

The International Affairs Forum is CIR's online journal, which publishes articles, opinion pieces and interviews. It also maintains databases of organizations, blogs and institutions active in the sphere of international relations and economic policy studies. The forum's stated mission is to present ‘information in an unbiased manner, regardless of political creed to provide our readers an all-encompassing view of subjects’ as well as to present ‘content from a global perspective.’

### Cultural Affairs Forum

The Cultural Affairs Forum is the sister site of the International Affairs Forum and covers ‘cultural diplomacy’. It publishes articles, editorials and links, in this case on topics such as classical music and politics, and culture as propaganda.

## Boards
### Board of directors

* John J. Tierney, Jr., Former executive director of the Congressional Caucus on National Defense, U.S. House of Representatives; faculty chairman, The Institute of World Politics
* James Stockmal, director, BearingPoint
* Dimitri Neos, executive director, Center for International Relations

### Editorial board

* Steven Clemons, New America Foundation
* Ross H. Munro, Center for Security Studies
* Robert R. Reilly, former director Voice of America

### Resource board

* Terrence R. Guay, professor of international business, Pennsylvania State University
* Muhiuddin Haider, associate professor, Department of Global Health & International Affairs, George Washington University
* John C. King, adjunct professor of international affairs, American University (Washington, D.C.)
* Christos N. Kyrou, assistant professor, School of International Service (SIS) at American University; director of the Environmental Peacemaking Program at the Center for International Development and Conflict Management at the University of Maryland, College Park
* Ghada Gomaa A. Mohamed, lecturer in economics, Carleton University (Canada)
* Sahar Khamis, assistant professor of communications, Affiliate Faculty of Women's Studies, and Affiliate Faculty in the Consortium on Race, Gender and Ethnicity, University of Maryland
* Madhav Das Nalapat, UNESCO Peace Chair and director of the Department of Geopolitics at Manipal University
# Nicold Haughton

Nicole Haughton (born January 1975) is a Jamaican model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Jamaica Universe 1999.

## Pageantry career

Haughton, a graduate of Campion College, in Kingston, was encouraged to enter the Miss Jamaica Universe Pageant by Author and journalist Legrek Parond, whom she had met while managing the family business, Haughton' Pharmacy in Spanish Town. It was through this chance encounter that afforded Legrek Parond his breakthrough, in landing a freelance journalism position at the Jamaica Observer Newspaper, and subsequently covering the 1999 Miss Universe Pageant in Trinidad,as an accredited journalist.
She represented her country at Miss Universe 1999 in Trinidad and Tobago and placed Top 10.
# Momilactone B

Momilactone B is an allelopathic agent produced from the roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (100 mg from 200 kg dry rice husk). It has been shown to be produced in high concentrations by the roots of rice seedlings. The production of momilactone B has also been induced in response to infection by blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) or irradiated with UV light. More recently it has been shown to be a potential chemotherapeutic agent against human colon cancer.

## Biosynthesis

Of the 15 phytoalexins that have been isolated from rice, 14, including momilactone B, are diterpenes commonly biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP). Research on the synthetic pathway for momilactone B has found it involves a set of enzymes that are encoded by genes located on chromosome 4.
The first step in the biosynthesis of momilactone B is the cyclization of GGDP to syn-copalyl diphosphate (syn-CDP), a type B cyclization. This is initiated by the addition of a proton to the terminal olefin bond of GGDP. The genes encoding for syn-CDP synthase was found by Otomo et al.. in 2004. This was labeled as OsCyc1 (Oryza sativa Cyclase 1). According to the rice genome database, OsCyc1 corresponds to OsCPS4 (AL662933) found in chromosome 4 (14.3cM) discovered by Sakamoto et al.. in 2004.
The second step is the cyclization of syn-CDP to 9β-pimara-7,15-diene. This step is initiated by the elimination of the diphosphate group, a type A cyclization. The genes encoding for the type A cyclase were found by Otomo et al.. in 2004. It is suggested that OsKS4, located on chromosome 4 (14.3cM) is one of the genes responsible for phytoalexin biosynthesis. After UV-radiation, OsKS4 mRNA levels rise drastically in response to the attack.
Further oxidation of the 9β-pimara-7,15-diene compound followed by lactone and lactol formation yields momilactone B. Though the gene sequence of these oxidations is unknown, P450 monooxygenase genes have been identified near the cyclase genes on chromosome 4.

## Stereochemistry

The stereochemistry reported by Kato et al. in 1973 is different than that shown in the biosynthesis references. The stereochemistry of momilactone B shown here is based on the biosynthesis references. There are no known papers correcting the stereochemistry from the isolation paper.
# River Shimanto Ultramarathon

The River Shimanto Ultramarathon, also referred to as Shimantogawa Ultra Marathon (四万十川ウルトラマラソン), is a 100 km and 60 km ultramarathon foot road race event held annually in October in Kochi, Japan since 1995. It is an official 100 km and 60 km event endorsed by JAAF. Its 1998 event was held as IAU 100 km World Championship. Time limit for the 100 km race is 14 hours, and that for the 60 km race is 9 hours and 30 minutes.

## 100km Results

2013 2,000 participants were accepted out of 6,267 entries over all. In 100 km race, 1,091 runners finished out of 1,466 starters. Men : Yoshikazu Hara (原 良和) 6:48:43 / Ladies : Tomoko Hara (原 朋子) 8:04:38
2012 2,000 participants were accepted out of 4,859 entries over all. In 100 km race, 1,072 runners finished out of 1,475 starters. Men : Yoshikazu Hara (原 良和) 6:45:45 / Ladies : Tomoko Hara (原 朋子) 8:08:50
2011 Men : Yoshikazu Hara (原 良和) 6:45:45 / Ladies : Mikie Sakane (坂根 充紀栄) 8:07:16
# Taagepera Castle

Taagepera Castle (German name: Wagenküll) is a mansion in Taagepera village, Helme Parish, Valga County, Estonia. It was registered as a national cultural monument on 27 September 1999.

## History

The first recorded mention of the mansion dates to the 16th century.
During the Polish rule and Swedish rule of Estonia, the mansion belonged to the Rehbinder family. In 1674, it was sold to the Swedish major Otto von Stackelberg.
In 1819, the almost bankrupt mansion was sold to Bernhard Heinrich von Stryk [et] (1746–1829), who married Anna Elisabeth von Oetting (1763–1825) in 1782. The last owner of the mansion was his great-grandson Hugo von Stryk, who lost the mansion in the 1919 land reform.

## Mansion complex
### Mansion house

The current mansion house was built in 1907 to an Art Nouveau design by the German architect Otto Wildau. The western corner of the house includes a 40-metre tall tower. Because of the large size of the mansion house, it is commonly called a castle.
After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the mansion house was converted into a sanatorium. In the late 1930s, a new sanatorium building was added, designed by the architect Alar Kotli. The mansion house served as a sanatorium until 2000; since 2002 it has been a hotel. In mid-2018 it reopened after renovations as Castle Wagenküll Spa Hotel.

### Graveyard

In the late 19th century, a family graveyard was constructed near the mansion house. Among those buried there are:
* Katharina Mathilde von Stryk (née Rogge), born 15 July 1815 – died 13 April 1892
* Bernhard Heinrich Konstantin von Stryk, born 29 July 1827 – died 5 January 1912

## Postage stamps

In 1933, Eesti Post designed a series of four stamps with an anti-tuberculosis theme, of which the blue/red 10-cent stamp and the dark blue/red 20-cent stamp depict the Taagepera mansion house (at that time a sanatorium). A new stamp depicting the Taagepera mansion house was issued in 2006.
# Damisi

Damisi is an album recorded by American saxophonist Harold Land in 1972 for the Mainstream label. In Swahili damisi means "cheerful".

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Tom Hull | B+ |
AllMusic awarded the album 3 stars stating "The modal music, which clearly shows the influences of early fusion and funk, is interesting but very much of its period".

## Track listing

All compositions by Harold Land except as indicated
* "Step Right Up to the Bottom" - 4:40
* "In the Back, in the Corner, in the Dark" - 5:48
* "Pakistan" - 7:58
* "Chocolate Mess" (Ndugu Chancler) - 7:31
* "Damisi" - 9:08
* "Dark Mood" - 8:48 Bonus track on CD reissue, taken from Choma (Burn)
* "Up and Down" - 10:49 Bonus track on CD reissue, taken from the Mainstream LP Jazz, a sampler featuring various artists

## Personnel

* Harold Land – tenor saxophone, oboe
* Oscar Brashear – trumpet, flugelhorn
* William Henderson – piano, electric piano
* Buster Williams – bass, electric bass
* Ndugu Chancler – drums
# Taekwondo at the 2018 Mediterranean Games – Women's 67 kg

The women's 67 kg competition of the taekwondo events at the 2018 Mediterranean Games took place on the 29 of June at the Salou Pavilion.

## Schedule

All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2).
| Date | Time | Round |
| June 29, 2018 | 10:00 | Preliminaries |
| June 29, 2018 | 16:30 | Finals |

## Results
### Legend

* PTG — Won by Points Gap
* SUP — Won by superiority
* OT — Won on over time (Golden Point)
* DQ — Won by disqualification
* PUN — Won by punitive declaration
* WD — Won by withdrawal

### Main bracket

| Preliminary round | Preliminary round | Preliminary round | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | | Gold medal match | Gold medal match | Gold medal match |
| | | | 1 | Matea Jelić (CRO) | 10 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 8 | Eva Calvo (ESP) | 7 | | | | | | | |
| 8 | Eva Calvo (ESP) | 7 | 8 | Eva Calvo (ESP) | 7 | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Chaimae Kriem (MAR) | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Chaimae Kriem (MAR) | 2 | | | | 1 | Matea Jelić (CRO) | 8 | | | | |
| | | | | | | 4 | Dunja Lemajić (SLO) | 2 | | | | |
| | | | 4 | Dunja Lemajić (SLO) | 19 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 5 | Athanasia Mitsopoulou (GRE) | 4 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Matea Jelić (CRO) | 9 |
| | | | | | | | | | | 7 | Althéa Laurin (FRA) | 7 |
| | | | 3 | Hedaya Malak (EGY) | SUP | | | | | | | |
| | | | 6 | Nađa Savković (SRB) | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Nađa Savković (SRB) | 5 (OT) | 6 | Nađa Savković (SRB) | | | | | | | | |
| | Amani Layouni (TUN) | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Amani Layouni (TUN) | 4 | | | | 3 | Hedaya Malak (EGY) | 2 | | | | |
| | | | | | | 7 | Althéa Laurin (FRA) | 16 | | | | |
| 7 | Althéa Laurin (FRA) | 11 | | | | | | | 7 | Althéa Laurin (FRA) | 16 | |
| 10 | Sofia Cruz (POR) | 10 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | Sofia Cruz (POR) | 10 | 7 | Althéa Laurin (FRA) | 14 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 2 | Daniela Rotolo (ITA) | 7 | | | | | | | |
# Tabernaemontana penduliflora

Tabernaemontana penduliflora is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is found in Nigeria to Zaïre.
# Tabernaemontana peschiera

Tabernaemontana peschiera is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is native to northern Brazil, Suriname, and French Guiana.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1851 by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel as Peschiera albiflora. In 1906, August Adriaan Pulle transferred it to the genus Tabernaemontana as Tabernaemontana albiflora. However, this was an illegitimate name, as it had already been used in 1897 for a different species, now accepted as Tabernaemontana catharinensis. As of November 2023, Plants of the World Online used what appears to be a replacement name, Tabernaemontana peschiera, but without a known author.
# Tabernaemontana persicariifolia

Tabernaemontana persicariifolia is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is found in Mauritius and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. The species is listed as endangered.
The epithet "persicariifolia" is sometimes spelled "persicariaefolia." This is a misspelling to be corrected according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, article 60.8.
# Dan Forsberg

Dan O. Forsberg (born 25 March 1934) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from Sweden. He earned 17 caps for the Sweden national speedway team.

## Speedway career

Forsberg was a leading speedway rider in the late 1950s. He reached the final of the Speedway World Championship on two occasions,in the 1952 Individual Speedway World Championship and the 1957 Individual Speedway World Championship.
He rode in the top tier of British Speedway, riding for Birmingham Brummies, where he rode from 1952 to 1953 and again in 1957.

## World final appearances
### Individual World Championship

* 1952 - London, Wembley Stadium - 6th - 9pts
* 1957 - London, Wembley Stadium - 15th - 2pts

## Family

His grandson Billy Forsberg rode for Belle Vue Aces from 2007 to 2009.
# Taback

Taback is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jennifer Taback, American mathematician
* Joshua Taback, animated television director of Spirit Riding Free
* Simms Taback (1932–2011), American writer, graphic artist, and illustrator
# Tabacundo

Tabacundo is the seat of Pedro Moncayo Canton, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Tabacundo is located on the southeastern foothills of Mojanda Volcano northeast of the city of Quito and west of the city of Cayambe.
# Tahiti Nui (song)

Tahiti Nui is a Tahitian song that has been recorded by a multitude of artists. It is possibly one of the most popular Pacific Island songs.

## Background

The song can be heard on radio and in parties from Guam, to Port Moresby, to Rarotonga. Toti's Tahitians covered the song and it was released on the Little Brown Gal album which was released on Viking VP 24. It has been described by Bengt Danielsson, author of From Raft to Raft: An Incredible Voyage from Tahiti to Chile and Back as a melancholy Tahitian song in praise of the island. Possibly the earliest recorded version of the song was by Eddie Lund and his orchestra featuring female lead singer Irma Emma Samila Spitz, professionally known then as Mila. The song credited to Mila avec L'Orchestre Eddie Lund was the B side on a 78 RPM single with the A side "Ragout pommes de terre" by Teaitu. It was released on Tahiti label cat # 139. It was released as a 45 RPM single on Viking in 1958, credited to Mila With Eddie Lund And His Tahitians.
A song of the same name was recorded by Sol K. Bright And His Holly-Waiians. This is a completely different composition.

## Releases

Singles :
| Artist | Title | Release info | Year | Notes |
| Teaitu, Mila avec L'Orchestre Eddie Lund | "Ragout pommes de terre" / "Tahiti Nui" | Tahiti 139 | | Side A = Teaitu, Side B = Mila avec L'Orchestre Eddie Lund |
Albums (LP) :
| Artist | Album title | Release info | Year | Notes |
| Toti's Tahitians | Little Brown Gal | Viking VP 24 | | Also released on 49th State Hawaii Record Co. LP-3426 |
| Manuia & Maeva | Otuitui • Tahiti | Reo Tahiti Records SRT-520 | 1966 | |
Albums (CD) :
| Artist | Album title | Release info | Year | Notes |
| Amy Hanaiali'i | Generation Hawaii | Hanaiali'i Records 8556 | 2006 | |
# Tailor's ham

A tailor's ham or dressmaker's ham is a tightly stuffed pillow used as a curved mold when pressing curved areas of clothing, such as darts, sleeves, cuffs, collars, or waistlines. Pressing on a curved form allows a garment better to fit body contours. To accommodate tapering or garments of different sizes, it has roughly the shape of a ham.
It is possible to make a tailor's ham using a heavy weight fabric such as cotton canvas; a tailor's ham may be filled with sawdust or pieces of scrap fabric.
# Tago

Tago may refer to:
* Tago District, Gunma
* Tago Island
* Tago Mago, 1971 studio album by Can
* Tago River
* Tago, Surigao del Sur
* UDP-N-acetylglucosamine—undecaprenyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase

## Surname

* Agaese Tago (1939–2017), American Samoa politician
* Akira Tago (1926–2016), Japanese psychologist
* Izack Tago (born 2002), Samoa international rugby league footballer
* Kenichi Tago (born 1989), Japanese former badminton player
# Tai'an station

Tai'an railway station can refer to:
* Tai'an railway station (Taichung), a station in Houli, Taichung on the TRA Taichung Line
** Tai'an Old railway station, a defunct station near the new station
* Tai'an station (Shenzhen Metro), a station on the Shenzhen Metro
* Tai'an railway station (Shandong), a station in Tai'an, Shandong on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway
* Tai'an railway station (Liaoning), a station in Tai'an, Liaoning on the Qinhuangdao–Shenyang high-speed railway
# Taimuraz Tigiyev

Taimuraz Tigiyev (born 15 January 1982 in Vladikavkaz) is a Russian-Kazakhstani wrestler from Moscow of Ossetian origin. He initially won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics. In 2016, he was stripped of his Olympic medal after a retest of his doping sample tested positive for steroids.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he lost in the second round to Abdusalam Gadisov of Russia.
# Takadachi Gikeidō

Takadachi Gikeidō (高館義経堂) is a Buddhist chapel located in Hiraizumi in what is now southern Iwate Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan, dedicated to Minamoto no Yoshitsune. It was designated a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty in 2014 as part of the Landscapes of the Oku no Hosomichi. It is managed by neighboring Mōtsū-ji.

## Overview

The chapel is located on the site of the Battle of Koromogawa, and was built on the ruins of the Koromogawa Palace (衣川館, Koromogawa-no-tachi) of Fujiwara no Motohari as was mentioned in the Azuma Kagami. The palace was located on a hill overlooking the Kitakami River some 500 meters east-southeast of the temple of Chūson-ji. In 1189, it was occupied by Fujiwara no Yasuhira, who extended shelter to Minamoto no Yoshitsune after the latter had a falling out with his brother, Minamoto no Yoritomo. This provided Yoritomo with a pretext to declare war on the Northern Fujiwara and his forces quickly overran the defenses of Hiraizumi. The palace was destroyed and was the site of Yoshitsune's last stand with his faithful retainer Benkei, as was celebrated in the medieval account Gikeiki.
In 1683, the 4th daimyō of Sendai Domain, Date Tsunamura built a memorial chapel on the site, and enshrined a statue of Yotsushine. This was visited by famed poet, Matsuo Basho in 1689, and a memorial stelae was later erected commemorating a famous haiku Basho wrote about this site.
* Entrance
* Basho memorial
* View of the Kitakami River
# Tahvo Rönkkö

Tahvo Heikki Rönkkö (8 December 1905 – 15 February 1993) was a Finnish farmer and politician, born in Sonkajärvi. He served as Minister of Agriculture from 14 July 1961 to 13 April 1962. Rönkkö was a Member of the Parliament of Finland from 1948 to 1972, representing the Agrarian League, which renamed itself the Centre Party in 1965.