OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Titer

Titer (American English) or titre (British English) is a way of expressing concentration. Titer testing employs serial dilution to obtain approximate quantitative information from an analytical procedure that inherently only evaluates as positive or negative. The titer corresponds to the highest dilution factor that still yields a positive reading. For example, positive readings in the first 8 serial, twofold dilutions translate into a titer of 1:256 (i.e., 2$^{−8}$). Titres are sometimes expressed by the denominator only, for example 1:256 is written 256.
The term also has two other, conflicting meanings. In titration, the titer is the ratio of actual to nominal concentration of a titrant, e.g. a titer of 0.5 would require 1/0.5 = 2 times more titrant than nominal. This is to compensate for possible degradation of the titrant solution. Second, in textile engineering, titre is also a synonym for linear density.

## Etymology

Titer has the same origin as the word "title", from the French word titre, meaning "title" but referring to the documented purity of a substance, often gold or silver. This comes from the Latin word titulus, also meaning "title".

## Examples
### Antibody titer

An antibody titer is a measurement of how much antibody an organism has produced that recognizes a particular epitope. It is conventionally expressed as the inverse of the greatest dilution level that still gives a positive result on some test. ELISA is a common means of determining antibody titers. For example, the indirect Coombs test detects the presence of anti-Rh antibodies in a pregnant woman's blood serum. A patient might be reported to have an "indirect Coombs titer" of 16. This means that the patient's serum gives a positive indirect Coombs test at any dilution down to 1/16 (1 part serum to 15 parts diluent). At greater dilutions the indirect Coombs test is negative. If a few weeks later the same patient had an indirect Coombs titer of 32 (1/32 dilution which is 1 part serum to 31 parts diluent), this would mean that she was making more anti-Rh antibody, since it took a greater dilution to abolish the positive test.
Many traditional serological tests such as hemagglutination or complement fixation employ this principle. Such tests can typically be read visually, which makes them fast, cost-effective, and able to be deployed in a wide variety of laboratory environments. The interpretation of any serological titer result is guided by reference values that are specific to the antigen or antibody in question, so a titer of 1:32 may be below the cut-off for one test but above for another.

### Other examples

A viral titer is the lowest concentration of a virus that still infects cells. To determine the titer, several dilutions are prepared, such as 10$^{−1}$, 10$^{−2}$, 10$^{−3}$, ... 10$^{−8}$.
The titer of a fat is the temperature, in degrees Celsius, at which it solidifies. The higher the titer, the harder the fat. This titer is used in determining whether an animal fat is considered tallow (titer higher than 40 °C) or a grease (titer below 40 °C).
# Shire of Ilfracombe

The Shire of Ilfracombe was a local government area located in central western Queensland, between the towns of Longreach and Barcaldine. Administered from the town of Ilfracombe, it covered an area of 6,575.5 square kilometres (2,538.8 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1902 until 2008, when it amalgamated with the Shires of Isisford and Longreach to form the Longreach Region.
The region formerly located within the shire contains many large cattle and sheep stations. By population, it was one of the smallest local government areas in Queensland.

## History

The Aramac Division was created on 11 November 1879 as one of 74 divisions around Queensland under the Divisional Boards Act 1879. On 27 December 1902, part of the Aramac Division was excised to create the Ilfracombe Division under the Divisional Boards Act 1887.
With the passage of the Local Authorities Act 1902, Ilfracombe Division became the Shire of Ilfracombe on 31 March 1903.
On 15 March 2008, under the Local Government (Reform Implementation) Act 2007 passed by the Parliament of Queensland on 10 August 2007, the Shire of Ilfracombe merged with the Shires of Isisford and Longreach to form the Longreach Region.

## Towns and localities

The Shire of Ilfracombe included the following settlement:
* Ilfracombe (pop. 170)

## Chairmen

* 1927: A. Howatson

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1933 | 642 |
| 1947 | 450 |
| 1954 | 544 |
| 1961 | 653 |
| 1966 | 660 |
| 1971 | 389 |
| 1976 | 428 |
| 1981 | 460 |
| 1986 | 327 |
| 1991 | 344 |
| 1996 | 333 |
| 2001 | 356 |
| 2006 | 279 |
# Darenth Wood

Darenth Wood is a 122.9-hectare (304-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Dartford in Kent.
This ancient semi-natural wood has many rare invertebrates, including thirty-two which are nationally scarce and two which are nationally rare: these are beetles which live in dead and dying oak timber, Grilis pannonicus and Platypus cylindricus.
The wood is crossed by roads and footpaths.
# Daigo (Shōbōgenzō)

Daigo (Japanese:大悟), also known in English translation as Great Realization, is a book of the Shōbōgenzō by the 13th century Sōtō Zen monk Eihei Dōgen. The book appears tenth in the 75 fascicle version of the Shōbōgenzō, and it is ordered 26th in the later chronological 95 fascicle "Honzan edition". It was presented to his students in the first month of 1242 at Kōshōhōrin-ji, the first monastery established by Dōgen, located in Kyoto. According to Gudō Nishijima, a modern Zen priest, the "great realization" to which Dōgen refers is not an intellectual idea, but rather a "concrete realization of facts in reality" or "realization in real life". Shōhaku Okumura, another modern-day Zen teacher, writes that Dōgen equates the term daigo with the network of interdependence in which all beings in the universe exist rather than something that we lack and need to obtain. Given this, Okumura writes that Dōgen is encouraging us to, "to realize great realization within this great realization, moment by moment; or perhaps it is better to say that great realization realizes great realization through our practice."
# Pleocoma fimbriata

Pleocoma fimbriata is a species of rain beetle in the family Pleocomidae. It is found in North America.
# RFA Black Rover

RFA Black Rover was a Rover-class small fleet tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA). She was designed to replenish ships underway at sea with fuel, fresh water, and stores in all weather conditions. She had a helicopter deck served by a stores lift and was capable of conducting helicopter replenishment. Displacing 16,160 tonnes, she was powered by twin diesels and has a ship's company of 60.

## History

Black Rover was launched by Swan Hunter on 30 August 1973 and was accepted into service the following year. She was in refit in Rosyth during the Falklands Conflict and took no part in the efforts to liberate the islands.
Black Rover was deployed from UK in June 2005 and its tasking included assisting with post-tsunami reconstruction and participation in multi-national exercises in the Far East as the UK's component of the Five Power Defence Arrangement.
In 2006 she was the Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST) tanker, and in September she hosted the RFA recruitment video film crew. Her role as FOST tanker allowed the film makers to capture many of the RFA's capabilities. The busy nature of the FOST schedule allowed the film crew to experience a wide variety of exercises and evolutions during their time on board.
In 2013, Black Rover deployed to the Falkland Islands and South Georgia.
Black Rover was scheduled to decommission in 2016 however she never returned to sea under her own power after docking in Birkenhead in September 2015.

## Disposal

In March 2017, after 18 months alongside in Birkenhead, Black Rover was towed to Portsmouth. On 29 August 2017 the Defence Equipment Sales Authority (DESA) invited expressions of interest from companies interested in receiving an invitation to tender in respect to the proposed sale for the sole purpose of recycling of the former RFA ship. She departed Portsmouth under tow on 11 August and arrived at Aliaga on 1 September 2019. Scrapping was completed on 20 January 2020.
# Swimming at the 2019 African Games – Women's 50 metre butterfly

The Women's 50 metre butterfly competition of the 2019 African Games was held on 22 August 2019.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.
| | Name | Nation | Time | Location | Date |
| World record | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 24.43 | Borås | 5 July 2014 |
| African record | Farida Osman | Egypt | 25.39 | Budapest | 29 July 2017 |
| Games record | Farida Osman | Egypt | 26.27 | Brazzaville | 7 September 2015 |
The following new records were set during this competition.
| Date | Event | Name | Nation | Time | Record |
| 22 August | Final | Farida Osman | Egypt | 25.94 | GR |

## Results
### Heats

The heats were started on 22 August at 10:50.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | 4 | Farida Osman | Egypt | 26.68 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | 5 | Felicity Passon | Seychelles | 27.23 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 4 | Erin Gallagher | South Africa | 27.26 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | 4 | Amel Melih | Algeria | 27.59 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | 5 | Emma Chelius | South Africa | 27.84 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | 3 | Farida Samra | Egypt | 28.72 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | 2 | Timipame-ere Akiayefa | Nigeria | 28.74 | Q |
| 8 | 3 | 3 | Emily Muteti | Kenya | 28.82 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | 6 | Imara-Bella Thorpe | Kenya | 29.19 | |
| 10 | 1 | 2 | Robyn Lee | Zimbabwe | 29.37 | |
| 11 | 1 | 3 | Rebecca Ssengonzi | Uganda | 29.49 | NR |
| 12 | 1 | 5 | Lia Lima | Angola | 29.65 | |
| 13 | 1 | 6 | Nomvulo Mjimba | Zimbabwe | 29.91 | |
| 14 | 2 | 6 | Sophia Diagne | Senegal | 30.22 | |
| 15 | 3 | 2 | Kiah Borg | Namibia | 30.58 | |
| 16 | 3 | 7 | Caitlin Loo | Botswana | 31.48 | |
| 17 | 2 | 7 | Khema Elizabeth | Seychelles | 32.03 | |
| 18 | 1 | 7 | Rahel Gebresilassie | Ethiopia | 35.85 | |
| 19 | 3 | 1 | Lina Selo | Ethiopia | 37.84 | |
| 20 | 2 | 1 | Aya Mpali | Gabon | 39.64 | |

### Final

The final was started on 22 August at 17:00.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 4 | Farida Osman | Egypt | 25.94 | GR |
| | 3 | Erin Gallagher | South Africa | 26.24 | |
| | 2 | Emma Chelius | South Africa | 27.40 | |
| 4 | 6 | Amel Melih | Algeria | 27.41 | |
| 5 | 5 | Felicity Passon | Seychelles | 27.43 | |
| 6 | 8 | Imara-Bella Thorpe | Kenya | 28.82 | |
| 7 | 7 | Farida Samra | Egypt | 28.83 | |
| 8 | 1 | Timipame-ere Akiayefa | Nigeria | 29.09 | |
# Borealis (2015 film)

Borealis is a 2015 Canadian comedy-drama film, directed by Sean Garrity.
The film stars Jonas Chernick as Jonah Finn, a man from Winnipeg, Manitoba whose daughter Aurora (Joey King) suffers from a degenerative eye disease, who takes her on a road trip to Churchill to see the Northern Lights before she goes blind; however, the duo are simultaneously pursued by Tubby (Kevin Pollak), a loan shark to whom Jonah owes $100,000 in gambling debt. The cast also includes Jake Epstein, Emily Hampshire, Greg Bryk and Clé Bennett.
Chernick, the film's screenwriter, wrote the film after his wife responded to My Awkward Sexual Adventure, his prior collaboration with Garrity, by asking him to make a film they could actually let their young daughter see. His original idea had been for the road trip to be to Tofino, British Columbia, but changed the destination to Churchill after realizing that several other movies, including Going the Distance and Foreverland, had already depicted characters taking road trips to Tofino.

## Reception

The film has a user rating of 5.6 due to mixed critic reviews on IMDb. Darren Wall received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Visual Effects at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016.
# STKRJ Kampong Lambak Kiri

Skim Tanah Kurnia Rakyat Jati (STKRJ) Kampung Lambak Kiri is a public housing estate and located village in the north of Brunei-Muara District in Brunei Darussalam. The population was 2,593 in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Berakas 'A'. Its postcode is BB1114.

## History

The residents of STKRJ Lambak Kiri started moving in 1992 to 1993. There are two types of housing available here, which are stone and wooden types. This settlement includes residential areas in STKRJ, Berakas Garrison, and Kampong Lambak Kiri. It has an area of 1,616.45 hectares.

## Economy

Tamu Lawak Oil (Temulawak Oil) is a product named as 'One Village One Product' (1K1P) in STKRJ Lambak Kiri and its surroundings. It is further expanded its production by Majlis Perundingan Kampung (MPK) together with the manufacturer of the product. The MPK receives donations continuously as a result of the sale. MPK STKRJ Lambak Kiri and the surrounding area also help in marketing related products by participating in exhibitions and sales. Tamu Lawak oil or in its scientific name is curcuma zanthorrhiza is a type of herbal plant that can be found in Brunei. This Tamu Lawak oil can be said to be the first massage oil in the country produced and produced by a local daughter company, and made into a 1K1P Project that has been carried out and achieved success both nationally and regionally.
# Eddie Ioane

Eddie Ioane (born 2 June 1966) is a Samoan rugby union player. He played as lock.

## Career

Ioane's first match for Samoa was against Tonga, at Apia, on 17 June 1990. He was also part of the 1991 Rugby World Cup roster. He retired after the World Cup. In the NPC he played for Auckland.

## Personal life

He is married with the former Black Fern Sandra Wihongi and he is the father of Akira and Rieko Ioane, both of them playing for the All Blacks Sevens and for the All Blacks. Another family member is Steven Ioane, who plays for Ponsonby RFC.
In 2016, Ioane was named president of his former club Ponsonby RFC.
# Shire of Isisford

The Shire of Isisford was a local government area located in central western Queensland, between the towns of Longreach and Blackall. It covered an area of 10,482.6 square kilometres (4,047.4 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1908 until 2008, when it amalgamated with the Shires of Ilfracombe and Longreach to form the Longreach Region.
The region formerly located within the shire contains many large cattle and sheep stations.

## History

The Shire of Isisford was created on 1 January 1908 under the Local Authorities Act 1902, having been separated from the Shire of Barcoo. On 15 March 2008, under the Local Government (Reform Implementation) Act 2007 passed by the Parliament of Queensland on 10 August 2007, the Shire of Isisford merged with the Shires of Ilfracombe and Longreach to form the Longreach Region.

## Towns and localities

The Shire of Isisford included the following settlements:
* Isisford
* Emmet
* Yaraka

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1933 | 873 |
| 1947 | 657 |
| 1954 | 807 |
| 1961 | 867 |
| 1966 | 747 |
| 1971 | 453 |
| 1976 | 431 |
| 1981 | 605 |
| 1986 | 465 |
| 1991 | 440 |
| 1996 | 302 |
| 2001 | 313 |
| 2006 | 347 |

## Chairmen

* 1919: F. J. C. Coxon
* 1927: J. J. Dowie
# Takeshi Nagao

Takeshi Nagao (長尾 猛司, Nagao Takeshi, born 7 December 1943) is a Japanese wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 97 kg at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Daigo

Daigo may refer to:

## Buddhism

* Daigo (Zen) (大悟), a Buddhist term meaning great enlightenment or great realization
* Daigo (Shōbōgenzō) (大悟), or Great Realization, a book in Eihei Dōgen's Shōbōgenzō
* Daigo Temple (醍醐寺), from which Emperor Daigo took his name

## People

* Emperor Daigo (醍醐天皇), Emperor of Japan between 897 and 930
* Daigo family, a branch of the Ichijō family of Japanese nobility
* Daigo (musician) (born 1978), Japanese singer-songwriter, actor, talent, and voice actor
* Daigo (name)
* Daigo Umehara, or simply "Daigo", Japanese competitive fighting game player

## Places

* Daigo, Fushimi, Kyoto, a district in the ward of Fushimi-ku, Kyoto
* Daigo Station (Kyoto) (醍醐駅), a train station
* Daigo Station (Akita) (醍醐駅), a train station
* Daigo, Ibaraki (大子町), a town in Ibaraki Prefecture

## Other uses

* Daigo (dairy product) (醍醐), or ghee, which is theorized to have been made in ancient Japan
* Daigo of the Heavenly Illusion Star (天幻星・大五, Tengensei Daigo), aka Shishi Ranger (シシレンジャー, Shishi Renjā) from Gosei Sentai Dairanger
# Planet Helpless

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| The Guardian | link |
| Leonard's Lair | link |
Planet Helpless is the third album by English alternative rock band Puressence, released in 2002. "Walking Dead" was the only single released from the album. The second single was penned as "She's Gotten Over You" but was not released due to the band leaving Island Records after Planet Helpless had been released.

## Track listing

All songs written by Mudriczki, Szuminski, Matthews and McDonald.
* "Walking Dead" – 3:25
* "Prodigal Song" – 3:33
* "How Does It Feel" – 3:06
* "Analgesic Love Song" – 3:43
* "She's Gotten Over You" – 3:26
* "Make Time" – 3:27
* "Planet Helpless" – 3:03
* "Ironstone Izadora" – 3:31
* "You Move Me" – 3:49
* "Comfort When You Smile" – 4:03
* "Strangers" – 3:09
* "Heart of Gold" – 3:46
* "Throw Me a Line" – 3:30

## Personnel
### Musicians

* James Mudriczki - vocals
* Neil McDonald - guitar
* Kevin Matthews - bass
* Anthony Szuminski - drums

### Technical

* Clive Martin - producer and engineer
* Peter Anderson - Photography
# RFA Birchol

Two ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) have borne the name RFA Birchol:
* RFA Birchol (X07) was a harbour oiler launched in 1917. She was declared a total loss having run aground during fog in the Hebrides, in November 1939.
* RFA Birchol (A127) was a Ol-class coastal tanker launched in 1946. She served with the Royal Fleet Auxiliary until being taken out of service in February 1965 and was eventually scrapped four years later.
# DO-242A

DO-242A is an aviation system standard published by RTCA, Incorporated. It contains minimum aviation system performance standards (MASPS) for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). These standards specify operational characteristics that should be useful to designers, manufacturers, installers, service providers and users of an ADS-B system intended for operational use on an international basis. DO-242A provides a view of the system-wide operational use of ADS-B, but does not describe a specific technical implementation or design architecture meeting these operational and technical characteristics.
As of 8 Jul 2024, an electronic copy is available for 225 USD at: https://my.rtca.org/productdetails?id=a1B36000001Ick1EAC.

## Outline of contents

* Purpose and Scope
** Introduction
** System Overview
** Operational Applications
** Verification Procedures
* Operational Requirements
** General Requirements
** System Performance - Standard Operational Conditions
* ADS-B System Definition and Functional Requirements
** System Scope and Definition of Terms
** ADS-B System Description
** System Requirements
** ADS-B Messages and Reports
** ADS-B Subsystem Requirements
** ADS-B Functional Level Requirements
* Procedures for Requirement Verification
* Appendix A: Acronyms
* Appendix B: Definition of Terms
* Appendix C: Bibliography and References
* Appendix D: Near-Term ADS-B Applications
* Appendix E: Other Applications
* Appendix F: Efficient Spectrum Utilization
* Appendix G: Design Tradeoff Considerations
* Appendix H: Receive Antenna Coverage Constraints
* Appendix I: Integrity Considerations for ADS-B Applications
* Appendix J: Accuracy and Update Period Analysis
* Appendix K: Latency and Report Time Error Data
* Appendix L: Track Acquisition and Maintenance Requirements
* Appendix M: Examples of On-Condition Report Formats
* Appendix N: Intent Guidance Material for Future ADS-B Intent Broadcast
* Appendix O: Determination of Intent Information Exchange Requirements for Air-Air Encounter Alerting and De-Confliction
* Appendix Q: Future Air-Referenced Velocity (ARV) Broadcast Conditions
* Appendix R: Determining the Navigation Accuracy Category for Velocity ($\mathrm {NAC} _{v}$)
# Rover (yacht)

Rover (later renamed Southern Cross, Orizaba) was a steam yacht built in 1930 by Alexander Stephen and Sons in Linthouse, Glasgow, Scotland for Lord Inchcape, then chairman of the P&O. Built as yard number 527, she was 265 feet 5 inches (80.90 m) long with a beam of 40 feet 1 inch (12.22 m) and a tonnage of 2,115, and was considered "the most luxurious ever built on the Clyde".

## Description

The yacht's figurehead was a likeness of Lord Inchcape's daughter, Elsie Mackay, who disappeared while trying to fly the Atlantic in 1928. With accommodation for up to 14 guests, the yacht was painted green and white at launch with a predominantly silver-coloured dining room.
Rover's staterooms featured en-suite marbled bathrooms. Dancing and games were staged on the open decks. Long-distance fuel tanks permitted long round-the-world voyages. In Cowes Week in August 1930, she was visited by the then King George V and Queen Mary.

## Later career

After Lord Inchcape's death aboard Rover in Monte Carlo's Port Hercules harbour on 23 May 1932, rumours circulated that the Aga Khan would buy the yacht, while a rumoured deal with King Carol II of Romania also fell through. However, a year later she was bought, unseen, by US businessman Howard Hughes, and renamed Southern Cross. She was subsequently sold to Swedish entrepreneur Axel Wenner-Gren, under whose ownership she helped rescue survivors from the SS Athenia, the first ship to be sunk by Nazi Germany in World War II.
The vessel subsequently served in the Mexican Navy as Orizaba until she was scrapped around 1960.
# STKRJ Kampong Rimba

Skim Tanah Kurnia Rakyat Jati (STKRJ) Kampong Rimba or STKRJ Rimba is a public housing area on the northern outskirts of Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei. It is officially a village subdivision under Mukim Gadong 'A', a mukim in Brunei-Muara District. It has an area of 69.15 hectares (170.9 acres); the population was 5,023 in 2016.

## Demography

The housing area has a population of 6,800 people. There are 560 houses under the scheme, consisting of 61 Class B houses, 154 Class C houses, 97 Class D houses, 50 Class E houses, 87 houses in Expo 99 and 111 houses in Semi-detached houses.

## Infrastructure

This village has access to basic facilities such as electricity supply, roads, water supply and telephone booths. The public facilities that were established are the Public Service Institute, the Pengiran Anak Puteri Hajah Muta-Wakkilah Hayatul Bolkiah Health Center, the ABDB Military Camp and the Military Police Camp (storage) and the Holticultur Business Center. In the religious field, the Muslim villagers carry out religious events such as the Maulidur Rasul procession, the Majlis Korban in conjunction with Hari Raya Aidiladha and the Tahlil and Doa Sekampung Arwah Ceremony held in the month of Ramadan and so on.