OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Upper Batkhela

Upper Batkhela is one of three administrative unit, known as Union council, of Batkhela Tehsil other being the Lower Batkhela and Middle Batkhela in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
District Malakand has 2 Tehsils i.e. Swat Ranizai and Sam Ranizai. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of Union councils. There are 28 union councils in district Malakand.
# John Parsons (jockey)

John Parsons was a British jockey and the youngest jockey ever to win The Derby, reportedly aged 16.
Parsons won the race on Caractacus, trained by Bob Smith. Caractacus was an unusual winner of the Derby. He had run and lost three times as a two-year-old, and as a three-year-old, he had been campaigned over races of two miles and more. He thus started the race at odds of 40/1 and was not expected to win. His owner Charles Snewing had interests in another more fancied runner, Spite, and Snewing's main jockey James Goater had been offered the ride on Caractacus, but had opted for Spite instead. This left Caractacus for Parsons, Snewing's stable boy, who had ridden the horse on three previous starts. Despite the low expectations, Caractacus won, Parsons riding the horse with "marvellous coolness and assurance". Parsons is reported to have encouraged his mount by shouting, "Get along, Crackey" and "Good lad, Crackey."
Subsequently, it is said that Parsons disappeared into "utter obscurity". Caractacus was his only ride in the Derby. He would later be found leading horses round the sales ring at Newmarket.

## Major wins

Great Britain
* Epsom Derby - Caractacus (1862)
# Ewhurst, East Sussex

Ewhurst is a civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex, England. The parish is on the southern ridge of the River Rother valley, and much of the northern boundary of the parish follows the river. The centre of the parish is 24 miles (40 km) east-northeast from the county town of Lewes, and 9 miles (14 km) north from the coastal town of Hastings.
The parish is one of farms, woods, dispersed residences and businesses, and the settlements of Staplecross (the largest), Collier's Green, Ewhurst Green, and Cripps Corner.
There are two parish churches, one dedicated to St. James the Greater in Ewhurst Green, and one to St Mark in Staplecross. There are two public houses: the Cross Inn at Staplecross and The White Dog at Ewhurst Green. The White Hart at Cripps Corner closed its doors in 2021.
The former A229 road (now the B2244) crosses the parish from north to south. The Kent and East Sussex Railway follows the river in the north of the parish, where Bodiam station takes its name from the neighbouring parish of Bodiam. The line closed in 1961 but has been partly reopened as a heritage railway, which was extended to Bodiam in 2000; the station is at present the southern terminus.

## Governance

Ewhurst is part of the electoral ward called Ewhurst and Sedlescombe. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 2,606.
# Ewhurst Green

Ewhurst Green is a village and the main settlement of the civil parish Ewhurst, in the Rother district, in the county of East Sussex, England. It is located 10 miles (16 km) north of Hastings in the valley of the River Rother.
The parish church is dedicated to St James the Great and is Grade I listed. The church dates from the Norman period and has an unusually shaped spire. It also has a marble font, dating from the 12th or 13th century. The Rector of Ewhurst and Bodiam is The Reverend Canon Christopher Irvine, a former Canon Librarian and Director of Education of Canterbury Cathedral and a former Principal of The College of the Resurrection, Mirfield.
The public house in Ewhurst Green is The White Dog.
# John Roberts (footballer, born 1946)

John Griffith Roberts (11 September 1946 – 4 January 2016) was a Welsh footballer who made nearly 400 appearances in the Football League and won 22 caps for Wales.

## Playing career

Born in Abercynon, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Roberts played football for local club Abercynon Athletic while working as a railway fireman. He joined Swansea Town as an apprentice in 1963, turning professional in 1964. Initially a striker who later switched to centre half, he moved to Northampton Town in 1967
Roberts moved to Arsenal in May 1969 on a transfer fee of £30,000. He played for Arsenal for three seasons, including 18 appearances in the 1970–71 season, when Arsenal won the First Division title, thus earning him a championship medal. Roberts however did not play in the FA Cup Final the same year, which Arsenal also won to complete the Double. He won the first of his caps with Wales in a game versus England in the same year.
Roberts left Arsenal in 1972, having played a total of 81 matches, scoring five goals. He joined Birmingham City for a transfer fee of £140,000 in March 1972. He went on to have spells at Wrexham and Hull City before trying his hand as player-manager of Oswestry Town. He also won 22 caps with Wales.

## Later career

He went on to work as a stationery salesman and as a driving instructor.
Roberts' death at the age of 69 was reported on 4 January 2016.
# Ravikamatham

Ravikamatham is a village and mandal headquarters of Ravikamatham mandal in Anakapalli district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.
# Uramya indita

Uramya indita is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

United States, Mexico, El Salvador.
# Rapid thermal processing

Rapid thermal processing (RTP) is a semiconductor manufacturing process which heats silicon wafers to temperatures exceeding 1,000°C for not more than a few seconds. During cooling wafer temperatures must be brought down slowly to prevent dislocations and wafer breakage due to thermal shock. Such rapid heating rates are often attained by high intensity lamps or lasers. These processes are used for a wide variety of applications in semiconductor manufacturing including dopant activation, thermal oxidation, metal reflow and chemical vapor deposition.

## Temperature control

One of the key challenges in rapid thermal processing is accurate measurement and control of the wafer temperature. Monitoring the ambient with a thermocouple has only recently become feasible, in that the high temperature ramp rates prevent the wafer from coming to thermal equilibrium with the process chamber. One temperature control strategy involves in situ pyrometry to effect real time control. Used for melting iron for welding purposes.

## Rapid thermal anneal

Rapid thermal anneal (RTA) in rapid thermal processing is a process used in semiconductor device fabrication which involves heating a single wafer at a time in order to affect its electrical properties. Unique heat treatments are designed for different effects. Wafers can be heated in order to activate dopants, change film-to-film or film-to-wafer substrate interfaces, densify deposited films, change states of grown films, repair damage from ion implantation, move dopants or drive dopants from one film into another or from a film into the wafer substrate.
Rapid thermal anneals are performed by equipment that heats a single wafer at a time using either lamp based heating, a hot chuck, or a hot plate that a wafer is brought near. Unlike furnace anneals they are of short duration, processing each wafer in several minutes.
To achieve short annealing times and quick throughput, sacrifices are made in temperature and process uniformity, temperature measurement and control, and wafer stress.
RTP-like processing has found applications in another rapidly growing field: solar cell fabrication. RTP-like processing, in which the semiconductor sample is heated by absorbing optical radiation, has come to be used for many solar cell fabrication steps, including phosphorus diffusion for N/P junction formation and impurity gettering, hydrogen diffusion for impurity and defect passivation, and formation of screen-printed contacts using Ag-ink for the front and Al-ink for back contacts, respectively.
# 石州

石州 may refer to:
* Iwami Province, abbreviated name was following Sekishū (石州), province of Japan located in what is today the western part of Shimane Prefecture
* Shizhou (in modern Shanxi) (石州), a former subdivision in modern Lüliang, Shanxi, China
* Shizhou (in modern Shaanxi) (石州), a former prefecture in modern Yulin, Shaanxi, China
* Shizhou (in modern Guangxi) (石州), a former subdivision in modern Wuzhou and Yulin, Guangxi, China
* Shizhou (in modern Sichuan) (石州), a former subdivision in modern Dazhou, Sichuan, China
# 神

神 is a Chinese character meaning "spirit" or "deity". It may refer to:
* Kami, the deities, divinities, spirits, mythological, spiritual, or natural phenomena that are venerated in the Shinto religion
* Shen (Chinese religion), a Chinese word with senses of deity, god or spirit
# Şefik

Şefik is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Şefik Abalı (born 2002), Austrian footballer
* Şefik Aker (1877 – 6 February 1964
* Šefik Bešlagić (1908–1990), Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina historian
* Şefik Birkiye (born 1954), Turkish-Belgian architect
* Şefik Can (1909–2005), Turkish spiritual leader
* Şefik Yılmaz Dizdar (born 1938), Turkish businessman
* Šefik Džaferović (born 1957), Bosnian politician
* Şefik Kamil Efes (1899— 1988), Turkish banker
* Şefik Avni Özüdoğru (1884–1960), Turkish officer
* Denis Šefik (born 1976), Serbian water polo player
* Süleyman Şefik Pasha, Turkish military officer
# 1638 in Denmark

Events from the year 1638 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Christian IV

## Events

* Sorø is incorporated as a market town.
* Peder Winstrup is installed as Bishop of Lund.
* Jesper Brochmand is installed as Bishop of Zealand.

## Culture
### Art

* Henrik Werner completes the Orebygård altarpiece.
* Abraham Wuchters moves to Denmark and created a portrait of Christian IV.
* Orebygård altarpiece
* Abraham Wuchters' 1638 portrait of Christian IV.

## Publications

* Christen Sørensen Longomontanus, Problemata duo Geometrica
* Jesper Brochmand, Päpstischer Warheit (1638)
* Jesper Brochmand, Sabbati sanctificatio aller Gudelig Betaenkning over alle Evangelier og Epistler paa Sondage og alle hellige Dage

## Births

* 1 January – Nicolas Steno, scientist (died 1686)
* 25 February – Jørgen Iversen Dyppel, governor of St. Thomas in the Danish West Indies (died 1683)
* 20 July – Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, statesman (died 1704).
* 23 December – Birgitte Skeel, landowner (died 1699)
Full date missing
* Brita Scheel, noblewoman (died 1699)

## Deaths

* Hans Poulsen Resen, clergy (born 1561)
# 16th Virginia Infantry Regiment

The 16th Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in 1861 in Portsmouth in southeastern Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment fought almost exclusively with the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.
The 16th Virginia completed its organization in May 1861 with ten companies. However, because of various reorganizations and transfers, the unit contained only seven companies after 1 November 1862. The men were from Suffolk and Portsmouth, and the counties of Nansemond, Isle of Wight, Sussex, and Chesterfield.
The regiment initially served in the Department of Norfolk, and in June 1862 had 516 effectives. Assigned to General John Weisiger's Brigade, General William Mahone's Division, and eventually General A.P. Hill's Third Corps of General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, it fought in many conflicts: from the Seven Days' Battles to Cold Harbor. Later in the War, it was involved in the Siege of Petersburg (south of the James River) and in the Appomattox Campaign.
The regiment reported 91 casualties at Malvern Hill, 154 at Second Manassas, 5 in the Maryland Campaign, and 18 at Chancellorsville. Of the 270 engaged at Gettysburg, about five percent were disabled. The regiment eventually surrendered with 10 officers and 114 men.
The field officers were Colonels Raleigh E. Colston, Charles A. Crump, Stapleton Crutchfield, Joseph H. Ham, and Henry T. Parrish; Lieutenant Colonels John C. Page and Richard O. Whitehead; and Majors Francis D. Holladay, Francis M. Ironmonger, and John T. Woodhouse.
# 中央高速

中央高速 may refer to:
* Central Expressway, Singapore (中央高速公路), an expressway in Singapore
* Chūō Expressway (中央自動車道), an expressway in Japan
* Jungang Expressway (中央高速道路), an expressway in South Korea
# Ray Charles at Newport

Ray Charles at Newport is a 1958 live album of Ray Charles' July 5, 1958 performance at the Newport Jazz Festival. The detailed liner notes on the album were written by Kenneth Lee Karpe. All tracks from this Newport album, along with all tracks from his 1959 Herndon Stadium performance in Atlanta, were also released on the Atlantic compilation LP Ray Charles Live. A later CD reissue of that compilation album included a previously unissued song from the 1958 Newport concert, "Swanee River Rock".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Discogs | link |

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Ray Charles, except where indicated

## Personnel

* Ray Charles – keyboards, piano, alto saxophone, lead vocals
* Marcus Belgrave – trumpet
* Lee Harper – trumpet
* David "Fathead" Newman – tenor saxophone
* Bennie Crawford – alto saxophone, baritone saxophone
* Edgar Willis – bass
* Richie Goldberg – drums
* Marjorie Hendricks – vocals on "The Right Time"
* The Raelettes – backing vocals

### Technical

* Tom Dowd, Harold Chapman – recording engineer
* Marvin Israel – cover design
* Lee Friedlander – cover photography
# Rarotonga (disambiguation)

Rarotonga is the largest and most populous of the Cook Islands, in the South Pacific.
Rarotonga may also refer to:
* Kingdom of Rarotonga, a predecessor state of the Cook Islands, 1858-1893
* Rarotonga (comics), a Mexican comic book series
* "Rarotonga" (song), on the 1992 self-titled album by Café Tacuba
* Rarotonga / Mount Smart, a dormant volcano in North Island, New Zealand
* Rarotonga hotspot, a volcanic hotspot
* Rarotonga International Airport
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Rarotonga
# Ravensworth, Queensland

Ravensworth is a rural locality in the Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Ravensworth had "no people or a very low population".

## Geography

The Lynd River flows through from south-east to north. The Tate River flows from the east to join the Lynd in the centre.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Ravensworth had "no people or a very low population".
In the 2021 census, Ravensworth had "no people or a very low population".
# Ravensworth Castle

Ravensworth Castle may refer to:
* Ravensworth Castle (North Yorkshire), in the village of Ravensworth
* Ravensworth Castle (Tyne and Wear), in the civil parish of Lamesley
# 17th Producers Guild of America Awards

The 17th Producers Guild of America Awards (also known as 2006 Producers Guild Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2005, were held on January 22, 2006. The ceremony at the Universal Hilton Hotel in Hollywood, California was hosted by Queen Latifah. The nominations were announced on January 4, 2006. The award for Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures was given out for the first time at this ceremony.

## Winners and nominees
### Film

Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures :
* Brokeback Mountain – Diana Ossana and James Schamus
* Capote – Caroline Baron, William Vince, and Michael Ohoven
* Crash – Paul Haggis and Cathy Schulman
* Good Night, and Good Luck – Grant Heslov
* Walk the Line – James Keach and Cathy Konrad |
* Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures |
* Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit – Claire Jennings and Nick Park
* Chicken Little – Randy Fullmer
* Corpse Bride – Tim Burton and Allison Abbate
* Madagascar – Mireille Soria
* Robots – Jerry Davis, John C. Donkin, and William Joyce |

### Television

Norman Felton Award for Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Drama :
* Lost
* 24
* Boston Legal
* Grey's Anatomy
* Six Feet Under |
* Danny Thomas Award for Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Comedy |
* Entourage
* Arrested Development
* Curb Your Enthusiasm
* Desperate Housewives
* Two and a Half Men |
* David L. Wolper Award for Outstanding Producer of Long-Form Television |
* The Life and Death of Peter Sellers
* Empire Falls
* Into the West
* Lackawanna Blues
* Warm Springs |
* Outstanding Producer of Non-Fiction Television |
* 60 Minutes
* 30 Days
* The Amazing Race (season 6)
* The Amazing Race (season 7)
* Extreme Makeover: Home Edition |
* Outstanding Producer of Variety Television |
* The Ellen DeGeneres Show
* 77th Annual Academy Awards
* Late Night with Conan O'Brien
* Late Show with David Letterman
* Real Time with Bill Maher |

### David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures

* Roger Corman

### Milestone Award

* Clint Eastwood

### Producers Guild Achievement Award in Television

* Norman Lear

### Stanley Kramer Award

Awarded to the motion picture that best illuminates social issues.
* Good Night, and Good Luck

### Vanguard Award

Awarded in recognition of outstanding achievement in new media and technology.
* Jonathan Miller
# 1731 in architecture

The year 1731 in architecture involved some significant events.

## Buildings and structures
### Buildings

* Basilica of Superga in Italy, designed by Filippo Juvarra, is completed.
* Cumbernauld House in Scotland, to designs by William Adam, is built.
* Hôtel Peyrenc de Moras in Paris, designed by Jean Aubert, is completed.
* Jakobstad Church in Finland, designed by Johan Knubb, is built.
* Jerusalem's Church in Berlin, designed by Philipp Gerlach, is completed.
* Royal Theatre in Mantua, Italy, designed by Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, is built.
* Trooditissa Monastery on Cyprus is built.
* Staircase of Schloss Bruchsal in Baden is designed by Balthasar Neumann.

## Births

* January 13 – Carl von Gontard, German architect (d. 1791)
* April 14 – Laurent-Benoît Dewez, Belgian architect (d. 1812)
* May 10 – Victor Louis, French architect (d. 1800)
* Andrea Giganti, Sicilian Baroque architect (d. 1787)
* Approximate date – John Hawks, English-born architect working in the Province of North Carolina (d. 1790)

## Deaths

* November 6 – James Smith, Scottish architect (b. c.1645)
* Francesco de Sanctis, Roman architect (b. 1679)
# 1795 Massachusetts gubernatorial election

The 1795 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on April 6.
Incumbent Governor Samuel Adams was re-elected to a second term in office; opposition to Adams was not organized and did not contest the election.

## General election
### Candidates

* Samuel Adams, incumbent Governor since 1794 (Republican)

### Results

1795 Massachusetts gubernatorial election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic-Republican | Samuel Adams (incumbent) | 15,976 | 90.21% |
| | Others | Scattering | 1,734 | 9.79% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 17,710 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic-Republican hold | Democratic-Republican hold | Swing | |
# 1755 (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Blabbermouth.net | |
1755 is the eleventh studio album by Portuguese gothic metal band Moonspell, released on 3 November 2017. Unlike previous albums, it is entirely sung in Portuguese. It is a concept album, detailing the story of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
This album was recorded in Antfarm Studios and Poison Apple Studios, produced and mixed by Tue Madsen, noted for working with Meshuggah, The Haunted, Dark Tranquillity, Dir En Grey, and Die Apokalyptischen Reiter. Cover artwork was designed by João Diogo. It includes guest performances in some songs, including vocals by Paulo Bragança on the track 'In Tremor Dei'.

## Track listing

All songs written by Moonspell, all lyrics by Fernando Ribeiro (except "Lanterna dos Afogados").

## Personnel

* Fernando Ribeiro – vocals
* Ricardo Amorim – guitars
* Aires Pereira – bass
* Pedro Paixão – keyboards
* Miguel Gaspar – drums

### Additional musicians

* Silvia Guerreiro – choir vocals
* Mariangela Demurtas – choir vocals
* Carmen Susana Simões – choir vocals
* Jon Phipps – virtual orchestration
* Martin Lopez – darbuka on "1755"
* Paulo Bragança – vocals on "In Tremor Dei"

### Production

* Adriano Esteves – logo
* Tiago Canadas – engineering, recording
* Jon Phipps – pre-production, arrangements
* João Diogo – artwork
* Tue Madsen – producer, mixing, mastering
* Paulo Mendes – photography

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 63 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 89 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 95 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 159 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 72 |
| Portuguese Albums (AFP) | 11 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 62 |
| US World Albums (Billboard) | 14 |
# John Smith (footballer, born 1901)

John Smith (born 1901) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

Born in Eccleshill, Smith moved from Harrogate Amateurs to Bradford City in August 1923. He made 38 league appearances for the club, scoring 6 goals, before signing for Blackburn Rovers in August 1926.

## Sources

* Frost, Terry (1988). Bradford City A Complete Record 1903–1988. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-38-0.
# 1818 in science

The year 1818 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

## Astronomy

* January 3 (21:52 UTC) – Venus occults Jupiter, last occultation of one planet by another before 22 November 2065.

## Chemistry

* Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou isolate the alkaloid strychnine in Paris.
* Louis Jacques Thénard discovers hydrogen peroxide.

## Exploration

* John Ross sets sail in search of the Northwest Passage.

## Medicine

* September 25 – In London, Dr James Blundell carries out the first blood transfusion using human blood.
* Jean Esquirol produces reports urging greater medicalization in the treatment of insanity in France.
* Carl Ferdinand von Graefe publishes his pioneering work on rhinoplasty, Rhinoplastik.

## Meteorology

* Luke Howard begins publication of The Climate of London, the first book on urban climatology in English, presenting new thinking on atmospheric electricity and the causes of precipitation.
* Alexander Adie patents the sympiesometer.

## Physics

* July 29 – French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light" to the French Academy of Sciences, precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.

## Technology

* January 2 – Institution of Civil Engineers inaugurated in London.
* January 12 – The Dandy horse (Laufmaschine bicycle) is invented by Karl Drais in Mannheim.
* February 3 – Jeremiah Chubb is granted a patent for the Chubb detector lock.
* April 6 – Heinrich Stölzel and Friedrich Blühmel patent the first brass instrument valve.
* Shipbuilder Thomas Morton of Leith, Scotland, invents the patent slip.
* Rev. Robert Stirling builds the first practical version of his Stirling engine.
* Adam Ramage files a United States patent for an improved printing press.

## Publications

* Benjamin Silliman begins publishing the American Journal of Science, concentrating on geology; by the 21st century it will be the longest-running scientific journal issued in the United States.

## Awards

* Copley Medal: Robert Seppings

## Births

* April 8 – August Wilhelm von Hofmann (died 1892), German chemist.
* May 1 – Lyon Playfair (died 1898), Scottish chemist.
* June 29 – Angelo Secchi (died 1878), Italian astronomer.
* July 1 – Ignaz Semmelweis (died 1865), Hungarian physician.
* August 1 – Maria Mitchell (died 1889), American astronomer.
* September 27 – Hermann Kolbe (died 1884), German chemist.
* December 24 – James Prescott Joule (died 1889), English physicist.

## Deaths

* July 28 – Gaspard Monge (born 1746), French mathematician.
* August 11 – Ivan Petrovich Kulibin (born 1735), Russian inventor.
* Bryan Higgins (born 1741), Irish-born chemist.
* William Jones (born c. 1745), English lepidopterist.
# Explicator

Explicator may refer to:
* something or someone that explicates
* Explicator verb
* The Explicator, a journal of literary criticism