OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Comisión para la Reforma del Estado

The Comisión para la Reforma del Estado (COPRE – Commission for the Reform of the State) was a Presidential Commission created in 1984 by President Jaime Lusinchi to examine the reform of the Venezuelan state and political system. The 35-member commission included 18 independents, as well 9 members from Democratic Action and 5 from COPEI.

## History

From 1984 to 1987 its President was Ramón José Velásquez; upon his resignation he was replaced by Arnoldo José Gabaldón.
In May 1986 COPRE published "Proposals for Immediate Political Reform". These proposals included direct popular election of Venezuelan state governors and mayors, replacing the previous system of voters choosing a single party slate for all. The proposals also included "increased democratization of internal party procedures, and regulation of public and private financing of political parties". These reforms were considered too radical, with the governing Democratic Action publicly rejecting them; the reforms were defeated without even being discussed in Congress.
Only during the campaign for the 1988 Venezuelan general election did the political space for the reforms appear. COPEI's presidential candidate, Eduardo Fernández, promoted the idea of reform, forcing Democratic Action candidate Carlos Andrés Pérez to address the issue. This led to an agreement between the two parties, and in June 1988 direct election of mayors, a law on fiscal and administrative decentralization to local governments, and a change in the electoral system from closed list proportional representation (used since 1958) to a mixed system was agreed. Implementation of the new electoral system was postponed until the following elections (in the event, the 1993 Venezuelan general election used a different system agreed in the interim). Only with the loss of Democratic Action's absolute majority in Congress in the 1988 Congressional elections, and the popular unrest demonstrated in the early 1989 Caracazo, was the direct election of state governors approved.
# Con Sullivan (footballer)

Cornelius Sullivan (22 August 1928 – 14 April 2022) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Arsenal and Bristol City.
Sullivan is arguably most notable for his part in a memorable own goal scored by team-mate Dennis Evans in a game against Blackpool in December 1955. With Arsenal winning 4–0, Sullivan and Evans heard what they thought was the final whistle, and while Sullivan turned to retrieve his cap, Evans kicked the ball past him into his own net. The whistle had in fact come from the crowd, and Evans' own goal counted; the match finished 4–1.
Sullivan died in April 2022, at the age of 93.
# Nullform

In mathematics, a nullform of a vector space acted on linearly by a group is a vector on which all invariants of the group vanish. Nullforms were introduced by Hilbert (1893). (Dieudonné & Carrell 1970, 1971, p.57).
# Complex Hadamard matrix

A complex Hadamard matrix is any complex $N\times N$ matrix $H$ satisfying two conditions:
* unimodularity (the modulus of each entry is unity): $|H_{jk}|=1{\text{ for }}j,k=1,2,\dots ,N$
* orthogonality: $HH^{\dagger }=NI$,
where $\dagger$ denotes the Hermitian transpose of $H$ and $I$ is the identity matrix. The concept is a generalization of Hadamard matrices. Note that any complex Hadamard matrix $H$ can be made into a unitary matrix by multiplying it by ${\frac {1}{\sqrt {N}}}$; conversely, any unitary matrix whose entries all have modulus ${\frac {1}{\sqrt {N}}}$ becomes a complex Hadamard upon multiplication by ${\sqrt {N}}.$
Complex Hadamard matrices arise in the study of operator algebras and the theory of quantum computation. Real Hadamard matrices and Butson-type Hadamard matrices form particular cases of complex Hadamard matrices.
Complex Hadamard matrices exist for any natural number $N$ (compare with the real case, in which Hadamard matrices do not exist for every $N$ and existence is not known for every permissible $N$). For instance the Fourier matrices (the complex conjugate of the DFT matrices without the normalizing factor),
    $[F_{N}]_{jk}:=\exp[2\pi i(j-1)(k-1)/N]{\quad {\rm {for\quad }}}j,k=1,2,\dots ,N$
belong to this class.

## Equivalency

Two complex Hadamard matrices are called equivalent, written $H_{1}\simeq H_{2}$, if there exist diagonal unitary matrices $D_{1},D_{2}$ and permutation matrices $P_{1},P_{2}$ such that
    $H_{1}=D_{1}P_{1}H_{2}P_{2}D_{2}.$
Any complex Hadamard matrix is equivalent to a dephased Hadamard matrix, in which all elements in the first row and first column are equal to unity.
For $N=2,3$ and $5$ all complex Hadamard matrices are equivalent to the Fourier matrix $F_{N}$. For $N=4$ there exists a continuous, one-parameter family of inequivalent complex Hadamard matrices,
    $F_{4}^{(1)}(a):={\begin{bmatrix}1&1&1&1\\1&ie^{ia}&-1&-ie^{ia}\\1&-1&1&-1\\1&-ie^{ia}&-1&ie^{ia}\end{bmatrix}}{\quad {\rm {with\quad }}}a\in [0,\pi ).$
For $N=6$ the following families of complex Hadamard matrices are known:
* a single two-parameter family which includes $F_{6}$,
* a single one-parameter family $D_{6}(t)$,
* a one-parameter orbit $B_{6}(\theta )$, including the circulant Hadamard matrix $C_{6}$,
* a two-parameter orbit including the previous two examples $X_{6}(\alpha )$,
* a one-parameter orbit $M_{6}(x)$ of symmetric matrices,
* a two-parameter orbit including the previous example $K_{6}(x,y)$,
* a three-parameter orbit including all the previous examples $K_{6}(x,y,z)$,
* a further construction with four degrees of freedom, $G_{6}$, yielding other examples than $K_{6}(x,y,z)$,
* a single point - one of the Butson-type Hadamard matrices, $S_{6}\in H(3,6)$.
It is not known, however, if this list is complete, but it is conjectured that $K_{6}(x,y,z),G_{6},S_{6}$ is an exhaustive (but not necessarily irredundant) list of all complex Hadamard matrices of order 6.
# Complex Lie group

In geometry, a complex Lie group is a Lie group over the complex numbers; i.e., it is a complex-analytic manifold that is also a group in such a way $G\times G\to G,(x,y)\mapsto xy^{-1}$ is holomorphic. Basic examples are $\operatorname {GL} _{n}(\mathbb {C} )$, the general linear groups over the complex numbers. A connected compact complex Lie group is precisely a complex torus (not to be confused with the complex Lie group $\mathbb {C} ^{*}$). Any finite group may be given the structure of a complex Lie group. A complex semisimple Lie group is a linear algebraic group.
The Lie algebra of a complex Lie group is a complex Lie algebra.

## Examples

* A finite-dimensional vector space over the complex numbers (in particular, complex Lie algebra) is a complex Lie group in an obvious way.
* A connected compact complex Lie group A of dimension g is of the form $\mathbb {C} ^{g}/L$, a complex torus, where L is a discrete subgroup of rank 2g. Indeed, its Lie algebra ${\mathfrak {a}}$ can be shown to be abelian and then $\operatorname {exp} :{\mathfrak {a}}\to A$ is a surjective morphism of complex Lie groups, showing A is of the form described.
* $\mathbb {C} \to \mathbb {C} ^{*},z\mapsto e^{z}$ is an example of a surjective homomorphism of complex Lie groups that does not come from a morphism of algebraic groups. Since $\mathbb {C} ^{*}=\operatorname {GL} _{1}(\mathbb {C} )$, this is also an example of a representation of a complex Lie group that is not algebraic.
* Let X be a compact complex manifold. Then, analogous to the real case, $\operatorname {Aut} (X)$ is a complex Lie group whose Lie algebra is the space $\Gamma (X,TX)$ of holomorphic vector fields on X:.
* Let K be a connected compact Lie group. Then there exists a unique connected complex Lie group G such that (i) $\operatorname {Lie} (G)=\operatorname {Lie} (K)\otimes _{\mathbb {R} }\mathbb {C}$, and (ii) K is a maximal compact subgroup of G. It is called the complexification of K. For example, $\operatorname {GL} _{n}(\mathbb {C} )$ is the complexification of the unitary group. If K is acting on a compact Kähler manifold X, then the action of K extends to that of G.

## Linear algebraic group associated to a complex semisimple Lie group

Let G be a complex semisimple Lie group. Then G admits a natural structure of a linear algebraic group as follows: let $A$ be the ring of holomorphic functions f on G such that $G\cdot f$ spans a finite-dimensional vector space inside the ring of holomorphic functions on G (here G acts by left translation: $g\cdot f(h)=f(g^{-1}h)$). Then $\operatorname {Spec} (A)$ is the linear algebraic group that, when viewed as a complex manifold, is the original G. More concretely, choose a faithful representation $\rho :G\to GL(V)$ of G. Then $\rho (G)$ is Zariski-closed in $GL(V)$.
# Complex Mexican hat wavelet

In applied mathematics, the complex Mexican hat wavelet is a low-oscillation, complex-valued, wavelet for the continuous wavelet transform. This wavelet is formulated in terms of its Fourier transform as the Hilbert analytic signal of the conventional Mexican hat wavelet:
    ${\hat {\Psi }}(\omega )={\begin{cases}2{\sqrt {\frac {2}{3}}}\pi ^{-{\frac {1}{4}}}\omega ^{2}e^{-{\frac {1}{2}}\omega ^{2}}&\omega \geq 0\\0&\omega \leq 0.\end{cases}}$
Temporally, this wavelet can be expressed in terms of the error function, as:
    $\Psi (t)={\frac {2}{\sqrt {3}}}\pi ^{-{\frac {1}{4}}}\left({\sqrt {\pi }}\left(1-t^{2}\right)e^{-{\frac {1}{2}}t^{2}}-\left({\sqrt {2}}it+{\sqrt {\pi }}\operatorname {erf} \left[{\frac {i}{\sqrt {2}}}t\right]\left(1-t^{2}\right)e^{-{\frac {1}{2}}t^{2}}\right)\right).$
This wavelet has $O\left(|t|^{-3}\right)$ asymptotic temporal decay in $|\Psi (t)|$, dominated by the discontinuity of the second derivative of ${\hat {\Psi }}(\omega )$ at $\omega =0$.
This wavelet was proposed in 2002 by Addison et al. for applications requiring high temporal precision time-frequency analysis.
# OAS2

2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the OAS2 gene.
This gene encodes a member of the 2-5A synthetase family, essential proteins involved in the innate immune response to viral infection. The encoded protein is induced by interferons and uses adenosine triphosphate in 2'-specific nucleotidyl transfer reactions to synthesize 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5As). These molecules activate latent RNase L, which results in viral RNA degradation and the inhibition of viral replication. The three known members of this gene family are located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
# Conceptual Love

"Conceptual Love" was the debut single by singer Bada Badoo and was the first official single release by any featured performer from X-Factor, UK series 7 (ITV/SYCO, 2010). Bada Badoo, real name Baddar Chowdhry gained notoriety for his initial stage performance on the X-Factor (UK) TV Series. Bada Badoo entered the competition at the Cardiff, Wales auditions and reached the latter stages of Boot camp. With a geek persona his televised performance of the Tom Jones version of ‘I Who Have Nothing’ coined a Cheryl Cole soundbyte ‘Don’t Judge a book by its cover’. The geek persona was later carried forward in to the promotion campaign for the Conceptual Love Single released by I-innovate (UK).
The original music composition for Conceptual Love was based on a song by R&B/Soul group The Wah Wah Collective called ‘Quartet Junkie’. This original recording was taken by I-innovate (UK), indie label of the Wah Wah Collective and restructured by the Greasy Geezers production unit for the Bada Badoo release.

## Critical reception

The single release date Monday, 27 September 2010 coincided with the last televised appearance of Bada Badoo on the X-Factor TV series. Saturday, 25 September (ITV/SYCO, 2010). Conceptual Love gained regional radio airplay in the UK and was supported with radio interviews at various stations including Real Radio 105-106fm (Wales) and The Martin Lowes Show 2BR Radio 99.8fm (Lancashire).
"themusiccritic.co.uk" gave the song a positive single review stating:
   " Conceptual Love is a chilled slice of radio friendly R'n'B with some serious pop overtones, and a video that has its tongue firmly in its cheek, that provides the perfect vehicle for Bada's soulful and pure voice, and you know what he may just have a hit on his hands. There is a place in UK music at the moment for a truly great soul voice and if he can live up to the early promise of this single, then he will certainly have a career that lasts a lot longer than that of Leon Jackson, Shayne Ward or Steve Brookstein".

## Music video

The Conceptual Love single was promoted online through comedic video skits by I-innovate (UK) emphasizing the geek character of Bada Badoo. This was later supported with an Official Music Video directed by James Ward. The video was filmed on location in a Victorian library branding Bada Badoo the ‘Geek with Soul’. The music video was produced by Najero Okenabirhie for I-innovate Communications who are the video production side of the I-innovate (UK) label.

## Credits and Personnel

* "Lead Vocals" — Bada Badoo
* "Lyrics" — Bada Badoo
* "Producer" — George Eyo, Mel Glynn, Najero Okenabirhie
* "Record label" — I-innovate (UK)
* "Album" — The Conceptual Love single was released on the 'Cry Baby Soul' studio album by The Wah Wah Collective.
# Condensed Classics with Dave Shaw

Condensed Classics (also known as Condensed Classics with Dave Shaw) was a television show that aired on the Canadian Channel Movieola. Although only 25 episodes were produced, the show was run and rerun on Movieola, and later on its sister station Silver Screen Classics. The program was aired as late as April 2013 on Silver Screen Classics, usually late on Saturday nights.

## The Show

Condensed Classics was an attempt at reviving the "horror host" format of the 1950s and 1960s. The program aired movies such as The Terror of Tiny Town and Gorgo, which were condensed from their original running time to about 40 minutes, presided over by host and head writer Dave Shaw. The hosted segments of the show would appear four times a broadcast, and rarely had anything to do with the movies. Some of the hosted segments were parodies of different movies, which were usually cult films such as Mulholland Drive and Misery.

## Style

Shaw described the show as "What if Dean Martin hosted a horror movie show?", and then ran with that aesthetic. The hosted segments were shot in black and white and featured Shaw wearing a tuxedo in the "Condensed Classics" movie lounge where he'd do short comedy bits, usually with a comely female sidekick in a 1940s era cocktail dress. The sidekicks switched every week, although several were put in return appearances, always as different characters.

## Aftermath

The show stopped airing on Movieola completely in 2004 and moved to Silver Screen Classics. A version of Condensed Classics called NEW Condensed Classics, which cut down the movies even more (to about 20 minutes) started airing in 2005. This version of the show was still being run in 2024, not in its own time slot, but frequently playing after scheduled films which had been allotted significantly more time than their actual duration. Shaw was not involved with this version, having been replaced by Tarantella [Alison Phillips], whose host persona was that of a somewhat sultry but fully knowledgeable film expert. The original set and "Rat Pack" aesthetic was gone as well, though Tarantella occasionally wore cocktail dresses.
# Concordat of 1887 (Colombia)

The Concordat of 1887 was a treaty signed by the President of the Republic of Colombia, Rafael Núñez, and by the Vatican State under Pope Leo XIII on December 31, 1887. It recognized Catholicism as the official religion of Colombia and gave major concessions to the Catholic Church. The treaty had a lasting effect on the relations of the Colombian State and Church. Most of its provisions were reversed through the 20th Century.
Following the defeat of the Radical Liberals and their prohibition to establish a Concordat with the Holy See, Rafael Núñez sought to reinstate and reverse the separation of State and Church in the period known as "La Regeneración". The Treaty was modeled in the Spanish colonial empire tradition of the "Patronato Regio" (Royal Patronage). It returned the authority of the church over previously expropriated land, buildings and compensation from the expulsion by the Radical Liberals (1853) and added authority over birth and death registry, municipal and public cemetery management, marriage, forbade divorce, and provided for the church to impart education and determine educational contents including censorship that extended to film in the beginning of the 20th Century. It also provided for catholic missions in "barbaric tribes" not to require Congress approval and made bishops immune to the State's jurisdiction making them subject solely to Canon Law. In turn, the President could veto the candidates for the archbishop and episcopal posts throughout the republic.
# OKR FM

OKR FM is a community radio station, broadcasting from the Kilmore Racecourse to the Mitchell Shire area of Victoria, Australia.

## History

OKR FM was first established under the name OK Radio – or Old Kilmore Radio – and in 2001 was successful in being granted a low power Narrowcast licence of 10 Watts in Kilmore. In 2002, the licence was surrendered in return for a Community licence, to permit greater depth in programming otherwise not permitted under a Narrowcast licence. The station has within the past few years adjusted its branding from OK Radio to OKR FM. First broadcasting on 97.1 FM, the station moved to 98.3 FM to increase power. In 2013, the 97.1 FM frequency returned – as a repeater covering areas surrounding Wallan.
Today, OKR FM airs a mix of music programming, with a selection of specialist music programs (including country music, rock, jazz and hiphop) and community programs presented by various community organisations in the township and surrounding areas, including local council information, local sport, local youth programs (as part of the OKR "Young Presenters Quest") and other specialty programs and features.
# Concurrency semantics

Semantics :
LinguisticLogical :
Semantics of programming languages :
Language
Linguistics :
vte :
In computer science, concurrency semantics is a way to give meaning to concurrent systems in a mathematically rigorous way. Concurrency semantics is often based on mathematical theories of concurrency such as various process calculi, the actor model, or Petri nets.
A more detailed account of concurrency semantics is given here: Concurrency (computer science).
# OTO Award for TV Host – Sports

OTO Award TV Host – Sports
Currently held by Marcel Merčiak
First awarded | Last awarded 2000 | Present
OTO Award for TV Host – Sports has been awarded since the first edition of the accolades, established by Art Production Agency (APA) in Slovakia in 2000. Each year, the award has been presented to the most recognized television presenters of the past year in the sports program, with the ceremony permitted live by the national television network STV.

## Winners and nominees
### 2000s

| Year | Recipient | Nominees |
| 2000 | ★ Jarmila Lajčáková$^{┼†}$ (née Hargašová) | Miroslav Michalech Stanislav Ščepán |
| 2001 | Not awarded | Not awarded |
| 2002 | Not awarded | Not awarded |
| 2003 | Held only in joint-category | Held only in joint-category |
| 2004 | Held only in joint-category | Held only in joint-category |
| 2005 | Held only in joint-category | Held only in joint-category |
| 2006 | Held only in joint-category | Held only in joint-category |
| 2007 | Held only in joint-category | Held only in joint-category |
| 2008 | Held only in joint-category | Held only in joint-category |
| 2009 | Held only in joint-category | Held only in joint-category |

### 2010s

| Year | Recipient | Nominees |
| 2010 | Held only in joint-category | Held only in joint-category |
| 2011 | Held only in joint-category | Held only in joint-category |
| 2012 | ★ Lenka Čviriková (née Hriadelová) | Marcel Merčiak$^{†Ž}$ Peter Varinský |
| 2013 | ★ Peter Varinský (2 consecutive wins) | Marcel Merčiak$^{†Ž}$ Lenka Čviriková |
| 2014 | ★ Peter Varinský (2 consecutive wins) | Marcel Merčiak$^{†Ž}$ Lenka Čviriková |
| 2015 | ★ Marcel Merčiak (2 consecutive wins) | Lenka Čviriková Peter Varinský |
| 2016 | ★ Marcel Merčiak (2 consecutive wins) | Lenka Čviriková Peter Varinský |

## Superlatives

| Multiple winners 2 awards Peter Varinský Marcel Merčiak$^{ЮŽ}$ | Multiple nominees 5 nominations Lenka Čviriková Marcel Merčiak$^{†Ž}$ Peter Varinský |

### Notes

$^┼$ Denotes also a winner in two or more of the main categories. $^Ю$ Denotes also or a winner of the Absolute OTO category. $^Ž$ Denotes also or a winner of the Život Award.
# O'Higgins, Chile

O'Higgins is a Chilean commune in Capitán Prat Province, located around O'Higgins Lake in the south east of Aisén Region. The commune is administered by the municipality in Villa O'Higgins, the principal settlement.
O'Higgins contains 4,338—or 28.5%—of Aysén Region's 15,240 ha of Sphagnum bogs.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, O'Higgins spans an area of 8,182.5 km$^2$ (3,159 sq mi) and has 463 inhabitants (277 men and 186 women), making the commune an entirely rural area. The population grew by 37.4% (126 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

## Administration

As a commune, O'Higgins is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is José Fica Gómez (PDC).
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, O'Higgins is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by René Alinco (PDC) and David Sandoval (UDI) as part of the 59th electoral district, which includes the entire Aisén Region. The commune is represented in the Senate by Antonio Horvath Kiss (RN) and Patricio Walker Prieto (PDC) as part of the 18th senatorial constituency (Aisén Region).
# Concise (disambiguation)

Concise may refer to:
* Concision, conciseness
* Concise, Switzerland; a municipality in Jura-Nord Vaudois, Vaud
** Concise railway station
* USS Concise (AM-163), a WWII U.S. Navy Admirable-class minesweeper
* Project Concise, a U.S. military project to close extraneous military installations after the U.S.-Vietnam War
* Concise Command Language, the command language for the command line interpreters of several DEC computers
# Oak Hill Historic District (Oak Hill, Alabama)

The Oak Hill Historic District is a historic district in the community of Oak Hill, Alabama, United States. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 26, 1998. The district is roughly centered on the intersection of AL 10 and AL 21. It contains 6,750 acres (2,730 ha), 56 buildings, and 7 structures with the architectural styles ranging from mid-19th century revival to Victorian.
# OGLE-LMC-CEP0227

OGLE-LMC-CEP0227 is an eclipsing binary and Cepheid variable star, pulsating every 3.8 days. The star, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, was the first Cepheid star system found to be orbiting exactly edge on.
The OGLE-LMC-CEP0227 system contains two stars which orbit each other almost exactly 'edge on' to the line of sight from the Earth. This unique configuration has allowed astronomers to refine their understanding of classical Cepheid variable stars. Studies of this system have allowed astronomers to measure the Cepheid mass with unprecedented accuracy. There is still disagreement over whether the pulsational properties accurately match the mass derived from the observed orbit.
The two stars orbit each other every 309 days, and each has a mass close to 4.1 M$_☉$. The primary component has an effective temperature of 6,050 K and the secondary a temperature of 5,120 K.
# Conran, Missouri

Conran is an unincorporated community in eastern New Madrid County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately ten miles southwest of New Madrid on U.S. Route 61.
A post office called Conran was established in 1898, and remained in operation until 1992.