OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Postage stamps and postal history of Eastern Rumelia

Eastern Rumelia or Eastern Roumelia was an autonomous province (vilayet) in the Ottoman Empire from 1878 to 1908; however, it was under Bulgarian control beginning in 1885 (see Bulgarian unification). The province is remembered today by philatelists for having issued postage stamps from 1881 on, although a postcard was issued locally for internal use in 1880.
The 1878 Treaty of Berlin provided for the Ottoman Empire to issue special stamps for Eastern Rumelia. However, they were slow to do so. In 1880, in part a reaction to the local postcard, the Turkish government sent some 50,000 piasters worth of Turkish stamps overprinted with "ROUMELIE / ORIENTALE" in an oval. The Eastern Rumelian government found these to be unsatisfactory in presenting the province as an autonomous region, and refused to issue them. A compromise was reached, new stamps specifically printed for Eastern Rumelia were sent from Constantinople and both versions were issued on 16 January 1881.
Overprints on stamps of Turkey were made locally. First was an "R.O." that was stamped both on regular Turkish stamps and the oval overprinted ones. This was done in Philippopolis. In addition, a pattern of bars was sometimes used. All of these overprints are uncommon and extensively counterfeited.
The stamps that were specifically printed for Eastern Rumelia used design elements from the existing Ottoman postage stamps, differing from them by having the Greek inscription Ανατολική Ρωμυλία (Anatolian (i.e. Eastern) Rumelia) above the "Emp. Ottoman" and with French and Bulgarian inscriptions of the name in small letters along the left and right sides. In 1884, a 5 paras stamp and a ten paras stamp of a second issue of this design, with changed colors, were issued. Higher denominations for the 1884 issue were prepared, but not issued. Both of these sets, 1881 and 1884, were printed in Constantinople. Most of these types are quite common, but perforation variations can be scare.
On September 10, 1885, the existing Rumelian issues were overprinted with two different images of the Bulgarian lion, and then with the lion in a frame and "Bulgarian Post" in Bulgarian (Cyrillic letters). As with the first overprints, these are uncommon, with prices ranging from US$6–200, and counterfeits are widespread. From 1886 on, the province used Bulgarian stamps.
* Stamp overprinted with the image of the Bulgarian lion
* Stamp overprinted with the image of the Bulgarian lion
# Stewart Fraser (politician)

Donald Stewart Fraser (1895 – 20 August 1965) was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1953 until 1962. He was a member of the Liberal Party.
Fraser was born in Bunbury, Western Australia and was educated to a secondary level. He worked initially as a journalist but after a period as a sales director for a car distributor in Sri Lanka, moved to Sydney and became a company director for several building societies and the Master Builders Association. He served in the Second Australian Imperial Force for 18 months during the Second World War. Fraser was elected unopposed to parliament as the Liberal member for Gordon at the 1953 state election. He replaced the incumbent Liberal member Harry Turner who had resigned in late 1952 to successfully contest the federal seat of Bradfield at the by-election caused by the death of Billy Hughes. A by-election for Gordon was not held as parliament was dissolved within two months of Turner's resignation. Fraser retained the seat for three terms of parliament but remarkably never faced an election as he was re-elected unopposed at the 1956 and 1959 elections. Fraser lost the Liberal endorsement to Harry Jago and unsuccessfully contested the 1962 election as an independent. After his defeat, he retired from public life. He did not hold party, parliamentary or ministerial office afterwards.
# Santa Terezinha Airport

Santa Terezinha Airport (IATA: STZ, ICAO: SWST) is the airport serving Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

## Airlines and destinations

No scheduled flights operate at this airport.

## Access

The airport is located 1 km (1 mi) northwest from downtown Santa Terezinha.
# DFFITS

In statistics, DFFIT and DFFITS ("difference in fit(s)") are diagnostics meant to show how influential a point is in a linear regression, first proposed in 1980.
DFFIT is the change in the predicted value for a point, obtained when that point is left out of the regression:
    ${\text{DFFIT}}={\widehat {y}}_{i}-{\widehat {y}}_{i(i)}$
where ${\widehat {y}}_{i}$ and ${\widehat {y}}_{i(i)}$ are the prediction for point i with and without point i included in the regression.
DFFITS is the Studentized DFFIT, where Studentization is achieved by dividing by the estimated standard deviation of the fit at that point:
    ${\text{DFFITS}}={\frac {\text{DFFIT}}{s_{(i)}{\sqrt {h_{ii}}}}}$
where $s_{(i)}$ is the standard error estimated without the point in question, and $h_{ii}$ is the leverage for the point.
DFFITS also equals the products of the externally Studentized residual ($t_{i(i)}$) and the leverage factor (${\sqrt {h_{ii}/(1-h_{ii})}}$):
    ${\text{DFFITS}}=t_{i(i)}{\sqrt {\frac {h_{ii}}{1-h_{ii}}}}$
Thus, for low leverage points, DFFITS is expected to be small, whereas as the leverage goes to 1 the distribution of the DFFITS value widens infinitely.
For a perfectly balanced experimental design (such as a factorial design or balanced partial factorial design), the leverage for each point is p/n, the number of parameters divided by the number of points. This means that the DFFITS values will be distributed (in the Gaussian case) as ${\sqrt {p \over n-p}}\approx {\sqrt {p \over n}}$ times a t variate. Therefore, the authors suggest investigating those points with DFFITS greater than $2{\sqrt {p \over n}}$.
Although the raw values resulting from the equations are different, Cook's distance and DFFITS are conceptually identical and there is a closed-form formula to convert one value to the other.

## Development

Previously when assessing a dataset before running a linear regression, the possibility of outliers would be assessed using histograms and scatterplots. Both methods of assessing data points were subjective and there was little way of knowing how much leverage each potential outlier had on the results data. This led to a variety of quantitative measures, including DFFIT, DFBETA.
# Sanzinia madagascariensis

Sanzinia madagascariensis, also known as the Madagascar tree boa or Malagasy tree boa, is a boa species endemic to the island of Madagascar. It was once considered conspecific with the Nosy Komba ground boa (Sanzinia volontany). Like all other boas, it is non-venomous.

## Description

Adults average 4–5 feet (122–152 cm) in length, although 6–7 foot (183–213 cm) specimens are not uncommon. Thermoreceptive pits are located between the labial scales. Females are larger than males.
It is greenish in colour and is found on the eastern side of Madagascar.

## Distribution and habitat

Endemic to Madagascar. The type locality given is "Madagascar". Favors trees and shrubs near streams, rivers, ponds and swamps.

## Conservation status

This species was classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2006 with the following criteria: A1cd (v2.3, 1994). This means that a population reduction of at least 20% has been observed, estimated, inferred or suspected over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, based on a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat, and based on actual or potential levels of exploitation. It is now listed as Least Concern (LC) as it is widespread, present in heavily degraded habitats and it is not subject to any known or suspected threats.
Also listed as CITES Appendix I, which means that it is threatened with extinction and CITES prohibits international trade except when the purpose of the import is not commercial, for example for scientific research.

## Feeding

Arboreal and generally nocturnal, S. madagascariensis feeds on mammals and birds. Its thermoreceptive pits help it to locate its prey. It will also leave the trees to actively hunt for small mammals on the ground.

## Reproduction

Ovoviviparous, females give birth to up to 12 young at a time, each about 15 inches (38 cm) in length.
When females become gravid, their skin color darkens. This adaptation provides increased heat absorption for the developing young. After giving birth, the color returns to normal as soon as the female next sheds her skin. Neonates are a bright red that may warn predators to "stay away", while simultaneously providing camouflage among brightly colored treetop flowers.

## Taxonomy

When Kluge (1991) moved Sanzinia madagascariensis (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1844) to Boa together with Acrantophis madagascariensis (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1844), it resulted in homonymy. To fix this nomenclatural problem, he proposed the specific name manditra as a replacement for S. madagascariensis.
It has since been shown that the Madagascar boids and the ones of the genus Boa do not form a monophyletic group, so that the lumping of Sanzinia, Acrantophis and Boa was incorrect, and the name Sanzinia madagascariensis is therefore the correct name for this species.
# Spilarctia comma

Spilarctia comma is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is found in Tibet in China and in Bhutan.

## Subspecies

* Spilarctia comma comma (Tibet)
* Spilarctia comma wittmeri (Toulgoët, 1975) (Bhutan)
# Deceit (1952 film)

Deceit (Italian: Inganno) is a 1952 Italian melodrama film directed by Guido Brignone and starring Gabriele Ferzetti, Nadia Gray and Tina Lattanzi. The film's sets were designed by the art director Piero Filippone. It was partly shot on location around Trieste.

## Plot

Anna is a policewoman, member of the female section of the Civil Police of the Free Territory of Trieste, she marries Andrea, a doctor with an unclear past but already during the honeymoon begins to have doubts especially after the chance meeting with a former lover of his. Back at work Anna has to investigate this adventurer who seems to be involved not only in drug trafficking but also in the white trade.
Andrea is also involved in the investigation and is suspected of complicity, for this reason Anna decides to separate. Andrea, having failed every attempt to reconcile her, wants to go abroad and also asks for help from her ex-lover but then refuses to collaborate with her precisely because he does not want his wife's suspicions to become certainties.
Meanwhile, Anna discovers she is pregnant and she would like to leave the police to form a family with Andrea but the man is killed by the mother of a girl who underwent an abortion and then died.

## Cast

* Gabriele Ferzetti as Andrea Vannini
* Nadia Gray as Anna Comin
* Tina Lattanzi as Ispettrice di polizia Rosasco
* Bice Valori as Giustine
* Lia Orlandini as Signora Comin
* Bianca Doria as Signora Casardi
* Wilma Pagis as Baronessa Monica d'Erlange
* Giovanna Galletti as Marta
* Mirko Ellis as Commissario Costa
* Leo Garavaglia as Matteo Casardi
* Tina Pica as Cecchia inferma
* Bruna Corrà as Silvia
* Heinz Moog as Rassuna, complice della baronessa
* Pietro Tordi as L'altro complice della baronessa
* Rosita Pisano as La signora litigiosa
* Italia Marchesini as Signora Bedini
* Carlo Giuffrè as Un corteggiatore di Giustina
* Renato Malavasi as Il cameriere dell'hotel
* Mario Castellani as Ubriaco al night-club
* Maria Zanoli as La padrona della pensione
* Mimmo Palmara as Un uomo in canottiera
* Michele Malaspina as Il sovrinntendente della polizia
* Vittorio Kramer as Tenente della finanza
* Lili Cerasoli as Luisa, la ragazza morente per aborto
* Rossana Galli as Ragazza alla festa
* Pietro Carloni as Un commissario di polizia
* Mimmo Poli as Un cliente della trattoria
# Praestigia

Praestigia is a genus of sheet weavers that was first described by Alfred Frank Millidge in 1954.
The defining characteristic of Praestigia is a projection issuing from the ocular region in males, which varies in form depending on the species, and bears a cap at its distal end. The cap is composed of a series of interconnected fibers glued to the projection with a waxy substance. The cap itself is easily dislodged and lost, and where it originates from is unclear.
The generic name is a combination of Latin prae, meaning "in front" or "before" and Greek stigios, meaning "an awl," a reference to the above-described projection.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains eight species:
* Praestigia duffeyi Millidge, 1954 (type) – Europe
* Praestigia eskovi Marusik, Gnelitsa & Koponen, 2008 – Russia
* Praestigia groenlandica Holm, 1967 – Canada, Greenland
* Praestigia kulczynskii Eskov, 1979 – Russia, Japan, Canada
* Praestigia makarovae Marusik, Gnelitsa & Koponen, 2008 – Russia
* Praestigia pini (Holm, 1950) – Sweden, Finland, Russia, Mongolia
* Praestigia sibirica Marusik, Gnelitsa & Koponen, 2008 – Russia, USA (Alaska)
* Praestigia uralensis Marusik, Gnelitsa & Koponen, 2008 – Russia
# Sangat Singh Saini

Sardar Sangat Singh Saini was a general in the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in the Sikh Empire. He oversaw the operations in the Gurdaspur District. His headquarters were in Batala. Sardar Sangat Singh was rewarded 300-acre (1.2 km$^2$) estate from Maharaja Ranjit Singh for bravery in battle when Sangat Singh conquered a post in the Afghan region and brought back the Golden Sword of the Afghan ruler to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The estate is now known as Sangatpur in Batala, Gurdaspur District, India.
# DFG / LFA Strasbourg

48°34′55″N 7°46′40″E﻿ / ﻿48.582047°N 7.777817°E﻿ / 48.582047; 7.777817
The Lycée Franco-Allemand de Strasbourg (German: Deutsch-Französisches Gymnasium Straßburg, abbreviated as DFG / LFA Strasbourg) is a French-German public secondary school opened in September 2021. It is the fifth DFG / LFA to open and the second of its type in France.
The school is run by the school authority (académie) of Strasbourg. It is situated on the premises of the Collège Vauban, an international school with Korean, Polish, and Portuguese international branches (sections internationales). The LFA Strasbourg replaced its German branch.

## History

The French minister of education Jean-Michel Blanquer announced the opening of the LFA Strasbourg at a French-German ministerial meeting on 25 January 2021. The French director of the other DFG / LFA in France, at Buc near Paris, learned of the Strasbourg LFA on the same day.
Students who wanted to join the LFA Strasbourg in the 2021–22 academic year had to sit an oral and written exam in German in March 2021. The school opened with the beginning of the school year of the Collège Vauban on 2 September 2021. The LFA Strasbourg started with around 60 school beginners, among around 170 enrolled at the Collège Vauban.
The DFG/LFA Strasbourg was previously the German Section Internationale of the Lycée Vauban and as such, its students entering until the 2020–21 academic year graduate with a French Baccalauréat with German Option Internationale du Baccalauréat (OIB). It is also possible to switch to the Lycée International des Pontonniers in Strasbourg and do the AbiBac. The first Strasbourg students will graduate with the French-German Baccalaureate in 2029.
Shortly after the opening, the French education minister at the time, Jean-Michel Blanquer, visited the school and said that his goal was to have more schools of this type in France. Metz, the capital of the French Moselle border region, is a candidate for a sixth French-German School.
# Sanzoles

Sanzoles is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 646 inhabitants.
# Sports in Georgia

Sports in Georgia may refer to:
* Sports in Georgia (country)
* Sports in Georgia (U.S. state)
# Forestry Commission (disambiguation)

Forestry Commission may refer to:

## Africa

* Forestry Commission (Ghana)
* Forestry Commission (Zimbabwe), a forestry university in Mutare
* Central African Forest Commission (French: Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale, or COMIFAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon

## Americas
### United States

* Alabama Forestry Commission
* Georgia Forestry Commission
* New Hampshire Forestry Commission; see Kearsarge North
* New York Fisheries, Game and Forest Commission (1895–1900), predecessor to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
* New York Forest Commission (1885–1893), predecessor to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
* New York Forest, Fish and Game Commission (1900–1911), predecessor to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

### Mexico

* National Forestry Commission

## Asia

* National Forest Commission (India), established 2003; see Conservation in India

## Australasia

* Forestry Commission of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; see Richardson v Forestry Commission of Tasmania
* New South Wales Forestry Commission, forest management agency for New South Wales, Australia; see Cumberland State Forest (New South Wales)
* Forests Commission Victoria (1918–1983), Victoria, Australia

## Europe

* Forestry Commission, a non-ministerial government department responsible for forestry in England
* Lower Saxon Forestry Commission, Lower Saxony, Germany; see WeltWald Harz
# EuroHockey Junior Championship

EuroHockey Junior Championship may refer to:
* Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship
* Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship
# Patricia Byrne

Patricia Byrne may refer to:
* Patricia Byrne (writer) (born 1950), Irish writer
* Patricia M. Byrne (1925–2007), American diplomat
* Patsy Byrne (1933–2014), English actress
# Eduardo de Lima

Eduardo "Veio" de Lima is a 6th degree black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) under Carlos "Carlinhos" Gracie, Jr. and the head of Gracie Barra Clearwater. He has won several gold medals in the black belt divisions at the Pan American Championships.
Eduardo began training in BJJ at age nineteen after his friend Renzo Gracie recommended he try a class at the Gracie Barra Academy in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For the first two years, he studied under Jean Jacques Machado, then the head instructor, who awarded his blue and purple belts before leaving for America. From then on Carlos Gracie, Jr. was his instructor and awarded his brown and then black belt (the latter in 1997 after 8 years of training).
As a purple belt, Eduardo was made an instructor for white belts and less experienced blue belts, but by the time he was promoted to brown belt, everyone was attending his class, including black belts. Once he reached the rank of black belt, Eduardo was made the head instructor of Gracie Barra. Roger Gracie, one of the most successful BJJ competitors today, was one of his pupils in the children's class during his tenure as instructor.
In 2000, with the help of Carlos Gracie, Jr. and American businessman Bob Rosseti, Eduardo came to the United States. He taught BJJ out of a Taekwondo dojang in Dunedin, Florida until he was able to start his own school in Clearwater. While in America, he has trained award-winning white, blue, purple, brown and black belt competitors. He is also a member of the Florida Federation of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.
# Commonwealth Government Film Competition

The Commonwealth Government Film Competition is a film competition held by the Australian Federal Government in the 1930s to judge the Best Australian film and best scenario. They were an early example of Australian film awards.

## 1930 Competition

The competition was first announced in 1929 and held in 1930. It offered a prize of £5,000 for the best film made between January 1, 1929, and March 31, 1930. Second prize was £2,500 and third prize £1,500.
There was criticism about the level of government co ordination with the industry with regards to the competition.
Four films were entered: Fellers, The Cheaters, Tiger Island and The Nation of Tomorrow.
The makers of Fellers argued that their film had been given enough prints under the judging system to warrant the second prize of £2,500 and threatened to sue, but the government did not change its mind.

### Winners

The only film given an award was Fellers which was only granted third prize. No film was considered good enough for first or second prize. The Cheaters was voted fourth, Tiger Island fifth and Nation of Tomorrow sixth (even though there had only been four entries.)

## 1935 Competition
### Conditions of Entry

The conditions of the film competition included that films should be produced in the Commonwealth, that 76 per cent, of the scenes should be "shot" in the Commonwealth or its territories, that the capital employed in the production of films should be substantially British, and that about 50 per cent, of the acting and the work of production should be carried out by British subjects, who had lived for the previous two years in the Commonwealth.
Entrants in the scenario competition had to be British subjects, who had lived in the Commonwealth or its territories since July 1, 1933, and that scenarios must have been written in the Commonwealth since that date.
Eleven films were entered. The judges were General I. C. Mackay, Beatrice Tildesley, and Kenneth Wilkinson.

### Winners

* First prize (£2500) - Heritage - 70 points
* Second prize (£1250) - The Silence of Dean Maitland - 63 points
* Third prize (£750) - Clara Gibbings - 60 points

### Scenario Competition

Judges were Professor S. H. Cowling, Irene Webb and Frank Clellow.
* Best feature sound cinematograph film scenario (£250) - Edgar Robin and James Gullan, for "Vendetta," *Best feature sound cinematograph film scenario containing Australian sentiment (£250) - Frederick Howard and Hermon Gill, for "Faithful Journey."
# C. H. Souter

C. H. Souter (1864–1944) was a British/Australian medical practitioner and poet who was born in Aberdeen in Scotland. At the age of eight, in 1872, Souter's family moved to Nottingham, England, where he attended Highgate and University College Schools. His father, also a medical practitioner, became his supervisor when, at the age of 14, he was enrolled in the Royal College of Surgeons.
In March 1879 Souter's father John took his family to Sydney from where they settled in Coonabarabran. Souter returned to Aberdeen in 1882 to complete his medical studies. There he married Jane Ann Raeburn and the two returned to Australia where they settled in Hillston. Jane died after the birth of a daughter in 1889.
After a stint as a ship's surgeon, Souter went to Balaklava, South Australia, where he practised medicine from 1891 to 1905. He married Lucy de Neufoille Lucas in 1896 and, after finishing in Balaklava, he worked in a number of South Australian towns before settling in North Adelaide in 1925, where he remained until his death in 1944.

## Working life

Souter published his first short story in The Australian Town and Country Journal in 1888 and then didn't publish another until 1896, when his work — mainly poetry with an occasional short story — began to appear in The Bulletin.
A writer in The Oxford Companion to Australian Literature noted: "Souter wrote bush ballads and sea shanties as well as straightforward lyrical verse. His bush ballads, which reflect the daily life of the small farms of SA, are sensitive to the experience and idiom of a wide range of personalities, both male and female."
Besides his own name Souter also used the pseudonyms "Nil" and "Dr Nil" when publishing his work.