OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stavros Institute

The Gus A. Stavros Institute is an organization founded in 1989 and named after Gus Stavros. Located in Largo in Pinellas County, Florida, the institute is partnered with the Pinellas Education Foundation to run Enterprise Village and Finance Park, two economic educational programs.

## Programs
### Enterprise Village

Enterprise Village was first proposed by former associate Superintendent of Education Dr. Howard Hinesley after visiting Exchange City, an economic educational facility in the form of a simulated town in Kansas City. It was determined that state money could not be used to support a similar venture in Pinellas County, Florida, so the funds for Enterprise Village were raised by a coalition of local business leaders led by Gus A. Stavros.
Established in 1989, Enterprise Village is designed for fifth-grade students. After six weeks of in-classroom learning, fifth-grade students at participating Pinellas County schools visit Enterprise Village, an indoor facility of various artificial stores, where they learn to write checks, use debit cards, and apply for and work at mock-up versions of partnered companies like CVS Pharmacy, Home Shopping Network, McDonald's, the Tampa Bay Times, and Verizon. During their breaks, the students can become consumers, being able to walk around the other stores and buy items with the artificial money they received from working at their jobs. In the early 2000s, students could work at mock-ups of a Blockbuster Video and an Eckerd Drug Store, but those now-defunct sponsors have since been replaced.
In 2002, baseball outfielder Jason Tyner was optioned from the Tampa Bay Devil Rays to a Triple-A team, resulting in the cancellation of a promotional giveaway involving 10,000 bobbleheads of Tyner. After sitting in storage for some time, many of the bobbleheads were eventually donated to Enterprise Village.

### Finance Park

Finance Park is the eighth-grade equivalent of Enterprise Village, serving around 10,000 local students annually. Modeled after the success of Enterprise Village, Finance Park has a focus on mathematics and decision-making skills, with the aim of teaching students how to manage a household budget, including insurance, transportation, healthcare, entertainment, utilities, and other expenses. Students participating at Finance Park are challenged to pay all of their bills and balance their checkbooks by the end of their visit. In October 2018, a facility representing the YMCA was opened in Finance Park. David Jezek, president and CEO of the YMCA of Greater St. Petersburg, stated that "We are thrilled to partner in this manner, enhancing our impact on middle school students through financial literacy and health".

## Image gallery

* The "town square", known as Stavros Square, in Enterprise Village.
* The exterior of the building which houses Enterprise Village, as seen from the Stavros Institute's entrance.
* The exterior of the building which houses Finance Park, as seen from the Stavros Institute's parking lot.
# State Flag Square and Museum of Nakhchivan

The State Flag Square and Museum of Nakhchivan (Naxçıvan Bayraq Meydanı Muzeyi) is a museum and square in the city of Nakhchivan of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan.

## History

The museum was established by the decree of the Chairman of the Supreme Parliament of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic dated August 22, 2014. The museum has been open to the public since November 17, 2014.

## Architecture and design

The museum is located in the highest point of the city of Nakhchivan. The museum, designed around a flagpole, has an octagonal shape. The length of the national flag waving on the square is 20 meters, the width is 10 meters, and the height of the flagpole is 57 meters.
The museum presents a copy of the decree "On State Symbols of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic", adopted by the supreme legislative body of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic on November 17, 1990, at the initiative of Heydar Aliyev as well as photographs related to that date. Restored flags, coats of arms and administrative maps of historical states, as well as the Nakhichevan Khanate, flags issued to the cavalry units of the Nakhichevan Khanate, military uniforms, constitutions of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic adopted in different years, old banknotes, as well as coins minted in Nakhchivan are exhibited in the museum.

## Controversies

According to the investigation of Caucasus Heritage Watch, the hill on which the museum is located was an Armenian cemetery that had been destroyed at some point between 1997 and 2005.
The New Armenian Cemetery of Nakhchivan contained between 1000 and 1020 tombstones in the late Soviet period. The tombstones of the cemetery dated to the 18th to 20th centuries. Approximately 400-410 tombstones in the cemetery bore Armenian inscriptions.
# Stefan Kristiansson

Major General Nils Stefan Kristiansson (born 25 September 1951) is a retired Swedish Army officer. He served as Director of Military Intelligence and Security from 2007 to 2012.

## Early life

Kristiansson was born on 25 September 1951 in Saint John Parish (Sankt Johannes församling) in Malmö, Sweden. Kristiansson passed gymnasieexamen in 1974.

## Career

Kristiansson graduated from the Military Academy Karlberg in 1976 and was commissioned as an officer in Halland Regiment the same year as a lieutenant, where he served until 1984. He attended school for regimental officers from 1978 to 1979 and was promoted to captain in 1979. He attended the General Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1982 to 1983 and the 1983 UN Military Observer Course and was promoted to major in 1984. From 1984 to 1986, Kristiansson was posted as a UN observer in Kashmir within the framework of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP). From 1986 to 1988, he attended the Army's senior staff course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College, after which he served in the Operations Section 5 of the Operations Command in the Defence Staff from 1988 to 1989. Kristiansson was posted as company commander in Halland Regiment from 1989 to 1990, office head in the Planning Section in the Army Staff from 1990 to 1994 and office head in the Coordination Section in the Army Command at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in 1994. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1993. Kristiansson then served as deputy commander of the Småland Brigade (Smålandsbrigaden) from 1994 to 1995 and became a Överstelöjtnant med särskild tjänsteställning [sv] in 1995. He attended the International Training Course in Security Policy at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva from 1995 to 1996, after which he was project manager at the Swedish Army Staff and Communication Center (Arméns lednings- och sambandscentrum, LSC).
In 1998 he was promoted to colonel and from 1998 to 2001 he was defence attaché at the embassy in Helsinki and in Tallinn. He was promoted to brigadier general in 2001 and was a military adviser at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs from 2001 to 2003 and head of the Coordination Department at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 2003 to 2004. Kristiansson served as Deputy Director of Military Intelligence and Security from May 2004 to June 2007. In 2007, he was promoted to major general and from June 2007 to 30 September 2012 he served as Director of Military Intelligence and Security and head of the Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Service (MUST).
Kristiansson was chairman of the Swedish Pistol Shooting Association (Svenska pistolskytteförbundet) from 2012 to 2020.

## Dates of rank

* 1976 – Lieutenant
* 1979 – Captain
* 1984 – Major
* 1993 – Lieutenant colonel
* 1995 – Överstelöjtnant med särskild tjänsteställning [sv]
* 1998 – Colonel
* 2001 – Brigadier general
* 2007 – Major general

## Awards and decorations

* Officer of the Legion of Honour (20 January 2012)
* 3rd Class of the Order of the Cross of the Eagle (4 February 2002)
# Cobham's thesis

Cobham's thesis, also known as Cobham–Edmonds thesis (named after Alan Cobham and Jack Edmonds), asserts that computational problems can be feasibly computed on some computational device only if they can be computed in polynomial time; that is, if they lie in the complexity class P. In modern terms, it identifies tractable problems with the complexity class P.
Formally, to say that a problem can be solved in polynomial time is to say that there exists an algorithm that, given an n-bit instance of the problem as input, can produce a solution in time O(n$^c$), using the big-O notation and with c being a constant that depends on the problem but not the particular instance of the problem.
Alan Cobham's 1965 paper entitled "The intrinsic computational difficulty of functions" is one of the earliest mentions of the concept of the complexity class P, consisting of problems decidable in polynomial time. Cobham theorized that this complexity class was a good way to describe the set of feasibly computable problems.
Jack Edmonds's 1965 paper "Paths, trees, and flowers" is also credited with identifying P with tractable problems.

## Limitations

While Cobham's thesis is an important milestone in the development of the theory of computational complexity, it has limitations as applied to practical feasibility of algorithms. The thesis essentially states that "P" means "easy, fast, and practical", while "not in P" means "hard, slow, and impractical". But this is not always true, because the thesis abstracts away some important variables that influence the runtime in practice:
* It ignores constant factors and lower-order terms.
* It ignores the size of the exponent. The time hierarchy theorem proves the existence of problems in P requiring arbitrarily large exponents.
* It ignores the typical size of the input.
All three are related and are general complaints about analysis of algorithms, but they particularly apply to Cobham's thesis, since it makes an explicit claim about practicality. Under Cobham's thesis, a problem for which the best algorithm takes n$^{200}$ instructions is considered feasible, and a problem with an algorithm that takes 2$^{0.00001n}$ instructions infeasible—even though one could never solve an instance of size n = 2 with the former algorithm, whereas an instance of the latter problem of size n = 10$^6$ could be solved without difficulty. In fields where practical problems have millions of variables (such as operations research or electronic design automation), even O(n$^3$) algorithms are often impractical.
A separate consideration is that in many cases, one is often content with approximate solutions if an exact solution cannot be found. For example, the travelling salesman problem is widely suspected to be unsolvable exactly in polynomial time (it is NP-hard), but good solutions can be obtained in polynomial time with methods such as the Christofides algorithm.
# Dendrobium maidenianum

Dendrobium maidenianum, commonly known as the coastal burr orchid, is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to tropical North Queensland, Australia. It has a single thin, dark green leaf on a thin stem and one or two small white flowers that self-pollinate. It grows on trees and rocks in shady rainforest.

## Description

Dendrobium maidenianum is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb that usually forms small clumps. It has a flattened stem, 40–70 mm (2–3 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wide with a single fleshy, dark green leaf 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) long and 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) wide. There is a single, sometimes two white flowers 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide with fleshy, hair-like tubercles about 1 mm (0.039 in) long on the ovary. The dorsal sepal is about 3 mm (0.12 in) long, 2 mm (0.079 in) wide and the lateral sepals are about 2.5 mm (0.098 in) long and wide. The petals are about 3.5 mm (0.14 in) long and less than 1 mm (0.04 in) wide. The labellum is about 3.5 mm (0.14 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. Flowering occurs between January and July but the flowers are short-lived and self-pollinated.

## Taxonomy and naming

Dendrobium maidenianum was first formally described in 1905 by Rudolf Schlechter in Schumann and Lauterbach's book Nachträge zur Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Südsee. Schlechter noted that the forms of Dendrobium hispidum from northern Australia are different from those of Vanikoro in having "small white or female flowers" and gave them the name D. maidenianum in honor of the director of the Botanic Garden in Sydney, who at that time was Joseph Maiden. The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families gives the year of description as 1912, referring to Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Beihefte., but in that journal, published in 1914, Schlechter refers to the 1905 publication.

## Distribution and habitat

The coastal burr orchid is endemic to tropical North Queensland, Australia. It grows on trees and rocks, usually in shady places in rainforest in coastal and near-coastal ranges at altitudes up to 250 m (820 ft).
# Odaia

Odaia may refer to several places in Moldova:
* Odaia, a village in Şişcani Commune, Nisporeni district
* Odaia, a village in Alcedar Commune, Şoldăneşti district
and in Romania:
* Odaia Banului, a village in Țintești Commune, Buzău County
* Odaia Turcului, a village in Mătăsaru Commune, Dâmboviţa County
* Odaia Manolache, a village in Vânători Commune, Galați County
* Odaia Bogdana, a village in Fălciu Commune, Vaslui County
* Odaia Bursucani, a village in Grivița Commune, Vaslui County
# Simeon Lazović

Simeon Lazović (Serbian Cyrillic: Симеон Лазовић; c. 1745 – 1817) was a Montenegrin Serb painter and one of the most famous icon painters of his time in the Balkans.

## Biography

Born in Bijelo Polje in Montenegro, the priest Simeon Lazović and his son Aleksije are best known for having painted the icons of the altar screens (iconostases) and the walls of St. Dimitrius and St. Nicholas Serbian Orthodox chapels in Kosovo. Most of the icons belong to the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; the best among them were done by Simeon Lazović at the end of the eighteenth century. His style continued the tradition of Byzantine painting. He is the father of the painter Aleksije Lazović.

## Works

Among the works painted by Simeon Lazović are icons preserved in the wooden church of Kućani in 1780 and in the church of Sirogojno in 1764 in the Zlatibor Mountains. He also worked at the iconostasis of the Klisura Monastery in the Church of St. Achillius in Arilje or that of the Monastery of the Holy Trinity of Pljevlja. With his son Aleksije, he painted the iconostases of both Saint Demetrius and Saint Nicolas chapels at the Dečani monastery (Kosovo) and the iconostasis of the Savina monastery church near Herceg Novi in Boka Kotorska (Montenegro) in 1795. Also, he is the author of the 1805 iconostasis and frescoes for the Church of St. Nicholas in Brezova, and many more throughout Dalmatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia.
# Ogburn

Ogburn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charlton Ogburn (1911–1998), American journalist and author
* Charlton Greenwood Ogburn (1882–1962), American lawyer
* John Ogburn (1925–2010), Australian painter
* Michael Ogburn (born 1948), British footballer
* William Fielding Ogburn (1886–1959), American sociologist
# Elaphromyia pallida

Elaphromyia pallida is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Elaphromyia of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa.
# Bretigney

Bretigney (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Marauiá River

Marauiá River is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil.
# Dwayne Turner

Dwayne Turner is an American comic book artist and illustrator in the film and video game industry.

## Biography

Turner began his professional career in the late 1980s while still in college at the School of Visual Arts.
He got his start at Marvel Comics on such titles as Avengers Spotlight and Transformers. For DC, he penciled the Power of the Atom limited series in 1988. Teaming up with writer Marcus McLaurin and inker Chris Ivy, Turner penciled the bulk of the first 12 issues of Marvel's Cage title in 1992–1993. In 1995, he co-created the title Sovereign Seven for DC Comics with writer Chris Claremont.
In 1992, he co-created the character James Lucas for Marvel Comics with writer Marcus McLaurin. In 1993, he co-created Hulk 2099 for Marvel Comics with writer Gerard Jones. In 2001 he co-created the character Orpheus also for DC Comics with writer Alex Simmons. In 2003, he co-created the character Traci Thirteen for DC Comics with writer Joe Kelly.
Turner worked on a number of Todd McFarlane's Spawn titles, with a long run on the spin-off series Curse of the Spawn from 1996 to 1999. He was the penciller on volume 2 of Wildstorm's The Authority in 2003–2004.
Leaving the comics industry in 2006, Turner has worked in the video game and motion picture fields. As a storyboard illustrator, his feature film credits include Tron: Legacy, Oblivion, and The Jungle Book. His video game work includes the Halo franchise, the God of War franchise, and Gears of War.
# Plittersdorfer Straße station

Plittersdorfer Straße is a Bonn Stadtbahn station in Bonn-Bad Godesberg, served by lines 16, 63 and 67. The tiles of the station are colored blue.
# Plastigauge

Plastigauge is a measuring tool used for measuring plain bearing clearances, such as in engines. Other uses include marine drive shaft bearings, turbine housing bearings, pump and pressure system bearings, shaft end-float, flatness and clearance in pipe-flanges and cylinder heads. Wherever it is required to determine the separation between hidden surfaces. Plastigauge is a registered trademark of Plastigauge Ltd., West Sussex, United Kingdom. Plastigauge was introduced to US retail sales in 1948.
Plastigauge consists of a strip of soft material with precise known dimensions and deformation characteristics. This is sandwiched between a clean bearing surface on a shaft and the bearing shell itself. The plastigauge flattens after the bearing cap is tightened. The dimensional clearance is then determined by comparing the amount that the gauge material has flattened using a template. Letter designation describes the range of measurement use for each gauge.
Table of Plastigauge types :
| Type | Range (metric) | Range (imperial) |
| PL-A | 0.025mm - 0.175mm | 0.001" - 0.007" |
| PL-B | 0.100mm - 0.250mm | 0.004" - 0.010" |
| PL-C | 0.175mm - 0.500mm | 0.007" - 0.020" |
| PL-D | 0.500mm - 1.000mm | 0.020" - 0.040" |
| PL-E | 0.750mm - 1.750mm | 0.030" - 0.070" |
| PL-X | 0.018mm - 0.045mm | - |
# Dwarf sparrowhawk

The dwarf sparrowhawk (Tachyspiza nanus), also known as the small sparrowhawk, is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It was formerly placed in the genus Accipiter.
It is endemic to Indonesian islands of Sulawesi and Buton. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and to a lesser degree lowland forests. It closely resembles the fellow Wallacean vinous-breasted sparrowhawk, but is still thought to be most closely related to besra. All this makes it rather difficult to identify and thus possibly under-recorded. It is one of the smallest members of its family (length approximately 25 cm/10in). Hunts insects and small birds.
It is threatened by habitat loss. There are not many verified recordings of this species, but it is known to occur at least in Lore Lindu National Park.
# Piz Medel

Piz Medel is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. At 3,210 metres (10,531 ft) above sea level it is the highest summit on the chain between Lukmanier Pass (1,915 metres) and Crap la Crusch (2,268 metres). The mountain overlooks the Greina, an important pass connecting the cantons of Graubünden and Ticino.
The northern side of the massif (Graubünden) is covered by a large glacier named Glatscher da Medel, separated on its lower part in three branches. The massif consists of several summits among which the highest are Piz a Spescha (3,109 metres), Piz Cristallina (3,128 metres), Piz Uffiern (3,151 metres) and Cima di Camadra (3,172 metres).
The normal route to the summit starts at Fuorcla da Lavaz (2,524 metres), a pass connecting the northern valleys of Medel and Sumvitg. A hut has been erected on the pass by the Swiss Alpine Club, the Medel hut.
# Duke of Santa Cruz

Duke of Santa Cruz was a title of nobility of the Empire of Brazil created by Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, dated from 5 November 1829, for his brother-in-law, Prince Auguste de Beauharnais, brother of Pedro's second wife Empress Amélie.
Five years later, in December 1834, Auguste became (the late) Pedro I's son-in-law, when he was chosen to marry the Emperor's eldest daughter, Queen Maria II of Portugal.
The toponym associated to this title concerns Santa Cruz, today a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro.

## List of dukes

* Auguste de Beauharnais (1810–1835), also 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg, 2nd Prince of Eichstätt, and Prince consort of Portugal (1834–1835).
# Plej

Plej are an electronic DJ band from Gothenburg, Sweden. The two members are brothers Arvid and Erik Niklasson. They signed in 2002 to the music label Exceptional Records where they released their first album Electronic Music from the Swedish Leftcoast on 19 August 2003. The album was nominated for a Grammis in 2004.
They released their second album, Home is Where Your Heart Was, on 28 July 2008.
# Plesiobaris aemula

Plesiobaris aemula is a species of flower weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Plesiobaris signatipes

Plesiobaris signatipes is a species of flower weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Plesiobaris t-signum

Plesiobaris t-signum is a species of flower weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Piz Mingèr

Piz Mingèr (3,114 m) is a mountain in the Sesvenna Range of the Alps, located west of S-charl in the canton of Graubünden. It lies on the range north of Piz Foraz, between the Val Plavna and the Val S-charl.
The east side of the mountain is part of the Swiss National Park.
# Duluth and Northeastern Railroad

The Duluth and Northeastern Railroad (DNE) was a logging railroad headquartered in Cloquet, Minnesota. Incorporated on September 30, 1898, the railroad was built through the forests of northeastern Minnesota, eventually reaching its zenith with 75 mi (121 km) of track, including branches extending from Cloquet to Hornby, Minnesota, near today's settlement of Brimson, Minnesota. The railroad interchanged with the Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway at Saginaw, Minnesota.
The railroad was one of the last in Minnesota to dieselize, continuing to operate steam locomotives until 1964. Following dieselization, Duluth & Northeastern 28 continued to make special trips until it was donated to the Lake Superior Railroad Museum in 1974.
In 1941, the railroad was cut back to a 10-mile (16 km) line between Cloquet and Saginaw, Minnesota. This 10-mile line continued to operate until 1991, when the line was again cut back to just the trackage in Cloquet serving the then Potlatch Paper Mill and the USG Ceiling Tile Plant. Potlatch Corporation acquired the railroad in 1964.
In the 1990s, traffic consisted of about 5,000 cars of pulpwood, pulp, paper and related products plus chemicals.
On May 13, 2002, the SAPPI paper mill took over operations of the railroad, the Duluth and Northeastern Railroad ceased, and its successor, the Cloquet Terminal Railroad began.