OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Papyrus 88

Papyrus 88 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓$^{88}$, is a single leaf from an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of Mark. The surviving texts of Mark are verses 2:1-26. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 4th century.
Don Barker proposes a wider and earlier range of dates for Papyrus 88, along with Uncial 0232, Papyrus 39 and Uncial 0206; and states that all four could be dated as early as the late second century or as late as the end of the fourth century.

## Text

The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category III.

## Location

It is currently housed at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (P. Med. Inv. no. 69.24) in Milan.
# David Alan Stevenson

David Alan Stevenson FRSE MIMechE FRSSA MICE (21 July 1854 in Edinburgh – 11 April 1938) was a lighthouse engineer who built 26 lighthouses in and around Scotland.

## Life

He was born on 21 July 1854 the son of David Stevenson and his wife, Elizabeth Mackay. His early years were spent at their home at 8 Forth Street in the eastern section of the New Town in Edinburgh. The family later moved to 45 Melville Street.
He was part of the famous Stevenson family of lighthouse engineers, including brother Charles Stevenson, uncle Thomas Stevenson, and grandfather Robert Stevenson. His cousin was the author Robert Louis Stevenson.
Stevenson was educated at Edinburgh Academy (1865–70) and then studied Engineering at the University of Edinburgh, graduating BSc in 1875.
In 1884 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were William Swan, Peter Guthrie Tait, Robert MacKay Smith and George Chrystal.).
Stevenson died at his home, "Troqueer", in the Kingsknowe area of Edinburgh on 11 April 1938. He is buried in Dean Cemetery. The grave lies on the north wall of the original cemetery, backing onto the first northern extension. It is heavily worn.

## Family

In 1882 he married Annie Roberts (1862–1945). The family resided in Edinburgh's West End at 45 Melville Street.
Their daughter Dorothy Emily was born in 1892; she became a best-selling author of more than 40 books published under the name D. E. Stevenson. A commemorative plaque marks the house.
His nephew was also named David Alan Stevenson (1891-1971).

## Works

Between 1885 and 1886 he built three lighthouses with his uncle Thomas, and over the following 50 years, built a further 23 with his brother Charles.
From 1904 he was assisted by John Davidson Gardner who became his Chief assistant in 1911.
He retired aged 83 in March 1938.

### Lighthouses of David A Stevenson

Stevenson worked on 26 lighthouses during his career. Among them are:
* Fidra (1885)
* Oxcar (1886)
* Ailsa Craig (1886)
* Skroo, Fair Isle (1892)
* Helliar Holm (1893)
* Sule Skerry (1895)
* Rattray Head (1895)
* Stroma (1896)
* Tod Head (1897): Catterline, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
* Noup Head (1898)
* Flannan Isles (1899)
* Tiumpan Head (1900)
* Killantringan (1900)
* Barns Ness (1901)
* Hoxa Head (1901)
* Bass Rock (1903)
* Hyskeir (1904)
* Trodday (1908)
* Neist Point (1909)
* Rubh Re (1912)
* Milaid Point (1912)
* Maughold Head (1914)
* Copinsay (1915)
* Clyth Ness (1916)
* Duncansby Head (1924)
* Brough of Birsay Lighthouse (1925)
* Ardtornish (1927)
* Esha Ness (1929)
* Tor Ness (1937)
# Dave Ridley

David George Henry Ridley (16 December 1916 – 13 September 1998), known as Dave or Dai Ridley, was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a centre forward in the Football League for Brighton & Hove Albion.

## Life and career

Ridley was born in Pontypridd, Wales, in 1916. He played local football before signing for Millwall in early 1945. He played for them in the 1945–46 FA Cup, and scored once, but moved on at the end of the season to Brighton & Hove Albion for a £400 fee. He suffered knee cartilage problems during his season at Brighton, and made only five appearances in the Third Division South. He then decided to give up full-time football, and signed for Southern League club Bedford Town, where he spent a 1947–48 season again disrupted by injury. Playing alongside his brother Frank, Ridley scored 12 goals from 22 appearances in all competitions, which included 5 of Bedford's 7 in the FA Cup against Eynesbury Rovers. He then returned to Wales where he played for Merthyr Tydfil, Ton Pentre and Pembroke Borough and worked in a power station. Ridley died in Pontypridd in 1998 at the age of 81.
# Parasi, Nepal

Parasi is a place in Ramgram, Nepal Municipality in Parasi District in the Lumbini Province of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 7281 people living in 1320 individual households.
Parasi is in the Terai region and borders India to the south. Ramgrama stupa and Palhi temple are famous religious place in Parasi.
# Paramathi

Paramathi is a panchayat town in Namakkal district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarter of Paramathi block.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Paramathi had a population of 10,957. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Paramathi has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 61%. In Paramathi, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Education
### Schools

* Government Higher Secondary School, Palapatti, Namakkal
* Government Boys Higher Secondary School, Paramathi, Namakkal.
* Government Girls Higher Secondary School, Paramathi, Namakkal.
* Malar Matric Higher Secondary School, Paramathi, Namakkal.
* sivabakkiam Muthusamy Matric Higher Secondary school, Paramathi, Namakkal.

### colleges

* K.S. Maniam College of Education, Irukkur Post, Paramathi Velur-Tk, Namakkal-Dt
* Kandaswami Kandar's College, Velur, Paramathi velur-Tk, Namakkal.
* PGP Group of Educational Institutions, NH-7, Namakkal to Paramathi Main Road, Namakkal.
These colleges can be connected to Paramathi with 5 kilometers. And also there are many colleges nearby Namakkal, Rasipuram, Tiruchengode, Karur and Erode which are connected approximately 35 kilometers each.

## Economy

Agriculture, lorry and poultry farms are the main source for the economy apart from this textiles, oil mills, etc.

## Transport

Paramathi is located on the highway NH7 which connects Salem and Namakkal and Karur. And also located on the SH86 which connects Tiruchengode and Karur.
Paramathi is well connected by private and government buses from Tiruchengode, Erode, Salem, Namakkal, Rasipuram, Karur, Sankagiri, Attur, Paramathi-Velur, Edappadi, etc., The nearest railway station is Pugalur Railway Station (13 km) and Mohanur Railway Station (20 km). The nearest major Railway Junction is Namakkal Railway Station (24 km), Karur Railway Station (27 km) and Salem Railway Station (73 km)
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 255

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 255 (P. Oxy. 255 or P. Oxy. II 255) is a fragment of a census return, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It is dated to the 28 September – 27 October 48. Currently it is housed in the Union Theological Seminary (Rare Book Library) in New York City.

## Description

The document is similar to POxy 254. It was written by a woman called Thermoutharion and was addressed to the officials. At the end is a declaration on oath that no one else was living in the house "neither a stranger, nor an Alexandrian citizen, nor a freedman, nor a Roman citizen, nor an Egyptian".
The measurements of the fragment are 160 by 115 mm. The text is written in an uncial hand.
It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1899.
# Parasetigena

Parasetigena is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Parasetigena silvestris (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863)
* Parasetigena takaoi (Mesnil, 1960)
# Parasesarma leptosoma

Parasesarma leptosoma, also known as the arboreal crab, is an arboreal, leaf-eating mangrove crab, from East and South Africa where it is found on Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera gymnorhiza, but not on Avicennia marina. It occupies an ecological niche similar to that of another sesarmid, Aratus pisonii, from the Americas.
Crabs of the family Sesarmidae are some of the most diverse and important components of mangrove estuary communities in the tropics and are not found in Europe. Two genera common in African, Asian and Australian mangroves are Parasesarma (26 species) and Perisesarma (23 species). Often colourful, they have a squarish appearance and have two transverse pectinated crests on the upper edge of the male chelar carpus. The two genera are separated by the absence in Parasesarma or presence in Perisesarma of an anterolateral tooth.
Parasesarma leptosoma was formerly considered widespread in mangrove along the coast of the Indo-Pacific region. A taxonomic review found that this included several similar species and that the true P. leptosoma is restricted to coastal parts of South and East Africa, as far north as Tanzania. In order to escape low tide predators, this species twice daily climbs mangrove stems to the canopy and feeds on fresh leaves, and is commonly found on Rhizophora mucronata, but studies suggest that it prefers the foliage of Bruguiera gymnorhiza. Its diet also includes algae, mollusks, insects and annelids. Its aversion to Avicennia marina may be due to its secreting salt from its leaves, while both R. mucronata and B. gymnorhiza are salt excluders. Distinguishing characters are its propodus being three times the length of its dactylus, and the carapace width only some 2 cm. Females carry the eggs, which remain attached to the swimming legs or pleopods until hatching.
Important physiological adaptations enable these crabs to feed on leaves, with no evidence of fermentation in the gut, a solution common in other animals.
# David Montague Davis

David Montague Davis (c.1853 – 30 November 1932), was a British choirmaster and music teacher.
David Montague Davis was born in London in c. 1853, and privately educated there.
Davis started as choirmaster of the East London Synagogue in 1877, and the following year he was appointed musical director, choirmaster and organist of the New West End Synagogue, a year before it opened its doors in 1879, and remained its choirmaster for 51 years.
He edited The Voice Of Prayer And Praise (1899), together with Rabbi Francis Lyon Cohen, known as the Blue Book, as that was the colour of its original cover.
Davis founded the Hebrew Choral Association, and in 1900, was appointed director of the Gunnersbury School of Music, and in 1906 he became conductor of the Chiswick and Gunnersbury Philharmonic Society.
# David Montalba

David Montalba, FAIA, SIA, LEED AP (born 1972 in Florence, Italy) is a Swiss-American architect based in Santa Monica, California. He is the founding principal of Montalba Architects, established in 2004.

## Early life and education

Montalba was born in Florence, Italy and raised in both Lausanne, Switzerland and Carmel and San Diego, California. He attend Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc) where he earned his Bachelor of Architecture in 1996 and completed his Master of Architecture at UCLA in 2000.

## Career

Upon graduating from UCLA, he started his career with Fehlman Labarre Architects and has worked with design driven practices in Los Angeles including Frank Gehry, Rios Associates, and Pugh Scarpa, before establishing Santa Monica-based Montalba Architects, Inc. in 2004. He is also an adjunct professor at UCLA's Graduate School of Architecture.
He has served as a Board Member and Treasurer of the Los Angeles chapter of the American Institute of Architects and an advisor to the AIA's Academic Outreach and 2x8 Exhibition Committees. David has also served as a Board Member of the A+D Museum in Los Angeles and a registered member of NCARB.

## Awards and recognition

Montalba has received 30 awards from the notable American Institute of Architect (AIA) including the 2008 National Young Architect Award, Institute Honor Award in 2011 and 2019, 2013 AIA LA Presidential Honor Award for Building Team of the Year and in 2016, he was elevated to the College of the Fellows of the AIA. He was named one of the Top 20 Under 40 winners by ENR California in 2012 and listed as one of the 40 Under 40 architects by Building Design + Construction in 2012. In 2020, AN Interior named him one of the Top 50 Architects of the year.

## Selected projects

Hospitality
* SOHO House - Malibu, California
* Nobu Hotel Palo Alto - Palo Alto, California
* Whitepod, Zen Suite – Monthey, Switzerland
* Whitepod Suites-Chalets – Monthey, Switzerland
* Nobu Ryokan - Malibu, California
* Nobu Malibu - Malibu, California
* Equinox - Vancouver, British Columbia
* Equinox, Huntington Beach – Huntington Beach, California
Commercial
* Headspace SM Campus - Santa Monica, California
* Sony Music Headquarters – Beverly Hills, California
* Tom Bradley International Terminal – LA Airport - Los Angeles, California
Retail
* The Row Melrose – West Hollywood, California
* Monique Lhuillier – New York City, New York
* Carolina Herrera – Beverly Hills, California
* Gabriele Colangelo – Beijing, China
# Paraleprodera bigemmata

Paraleprodera bigemmata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1865. It is known from India.
# Paraleprodera corrugata

Paraleprodera corrugata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1935.
# Paraleprodera carolina

Paraleprodera carolina is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Léon Fairmaire in 1900. It is known from China.
# Paris in Motion (photography)

Paris in Motion is a photographic project about the city of Paris. It contains a series of three videos made only of photographs (more than 30,000 photos).

## Parts

Paris in Motion is in 3 parts (Videos featured on Vimeo and YouTube).
* 2012: Paris in Motion (Part I) – 3000 photographs selected
* 2012: Paris in Motion (Part II) – 3500 photographs selected
* 2013: Paris in Motion (Part III) – 5500 photographs selected
* 2014: Paris in Motion (part IV)
* 2014: Paris in Motion (part V)
# Parisutham Institute of Technology and Science

Parisutham Institute of Technology and Science (PITS) is an Autonomous engineering institution in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. The institution is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) & is affiliated to Anna University, Chennai. The institution had earlier been affiliated to Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli before the merger on 15 September 2011.

## Accreditation

The institution has been accredited with NAAC 'A' GRADE by the National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) in December 2021 in the very first cycle of NAAC peer team visit.
It was founded in 2008 by Mr. S P Anthonisamy, entrepreneur and a member of the Parisutham Nadar family in Thanjavur. PITS provides technical education in the fields of Engineering and Management. It is a self-financing, minority institution.

## Departments

* School of Science and Humanities: English, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry
* School of Computing Technology and Engineering: Civil Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, and Communication Engineering

### Centres for curricular activities

* Incubation Cell and Placement Centre
* Digital Knowledge Centre
* Centre for Language Learning

### Extra curricular activities

* Yoga
* Aerobics
* Silambam
* Indoor Games - Snooker, Billiards, Squash, Rifle shooting, Badminton, Fencing, Table Tennis, carom & Chess.
* Gymnasium for boys and girls.
* Open field games - Grass-turfed football court, Cricket field & Hockey Court, Tennis, Roller skating / Roller Hockey rink, 2 Basket ball Courts, 2 Volleyball courts, Ball badminton, Cricket Net practice & Archery.
# Pararrhaptica capucina

Pararrhaptica capucina is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Oahu, Molokai and Hawaii.
# Pararrhaptica fuscoviridis

Pararrhaptica fuscoviridis is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Lanai.
# David E. H. Jones

David Edward Hugh Jones (20 April 1938 – 19 July 2017) was a British chemist and writer, who - under the pen name Daedalus - was the fictional inventor for DREADCO. Jones' columns as Daedalus were published for 38 years, starting weekly in 1964 in New Scientist. He then moved to the journal Nature, and continued to publish until 2002. Columns from these magazines, along with additional comments and implementation sketches, were collected in two books: The Inventions of Daedalus: A Compendium of Plausible Schemes (1982) and The Further Inventions of Daedalus (1999).

## Early life and education

He was born in Southwark, London. His father, Philip, was an advertising copywriter. His mother was Dorothea, née Sitters. He had one brother, Peter Vaughan Jones. He attended Crofton Primary School in Orpington, Kent, and then Eltham College.
His professional training was as a chemist. In 1962, he graduated in chemistry and completed a PhD in organic chemistry from Imperial College London.

## Career

Jones worked for a year for a company specialising in the design of laboratory equipment and then as a post-doctoral fellow at Imperial, where he worked on infrared spectroscopy and began his column for New Scientist. In 1967, he took up a post as an assistant lecturer at the University of Strathclyde. After one year he moved to Runcorn, Cheshire where he worked as a research scientist in spectroscopy for Imperial Chemical Industries. In 1974, he became the Sir James Knott Research Fellow at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. He then became an independent science consultant to industry providing ideas, brainstorming services, and scientific demonstrations for television.
Some of his Daedalus inventions proved practical; about one-fifth of them were seriously proposed or even patented by others. His most notable scientific contribution as Daedalus was possibly his 1966 prediction of hollow carbon molecules, before buckminsterfullerene was made, and long before its synthesizers won a Nobel prize for the discovery of fullerenes. It is often claimed that the invention of 3D printing was in 1984 by Chuck Hull, but Jones in his Daedalus persona laid out the concept in New Scientist in 1974, 10 years earlier. He was an early proposer of a space elevator (1964) and of archaeoacoustics (1969).
Beyond Daedalus, in scientific circles he is known for his study of bicycle stability, his determination of arsenic in Napoleon’s wallpaper, and for having designed and flown on the Space Shuttle a microgravity experiment to grow a chemical garden.
He is also known for his series of fake perpetual-motion machines, one of which is in the Technisches Museum, Vienna. In 2009, a documentary film about his work and inventions, Perpetual Motion Machine, was made and shown at the Newcastle Science Festival 2010.
He was known in Germany as a regular guest on the 1980s TV science quiz show Kopf um Kopf (Head to Head), presenting interesting physics experiments.

## Personal life

In 1972, he married Jane Burgess. The marriage lasted a year, and he later had a long relationship with the artist Naomi Hunt.
He died in 2017 from prostate cancer.
# Paratetralophodon

Paratetralophodon is an extinct genus of proboscidean from late Neogene deposits in India and China. Although traditionally classified in the family Gomphotheriidae, recent studies find it to be more closely related to modern elephants.
Paratetralophodon hasnotensis, found in the Siwalik Hills of northern India, is the only unequivocal species in the genus, but the Far Eastern form "Tetralophodon" exoletus is tentatively considered referable to this genus based on similarities with P. hasnotensis, while specimens from Lantian, China, appear to represent an unnamed species of Paratetralophodon.
# David Francis Bacon

David Francis Bacon (November 30, 1813 – January 23, 1865) was an American physician and author. He published three books:
* Memoirs of Eminently Pious Women of Britain and America (1833)
* Lives of the Apostles (1836)
* Wanderings on the Seas and Shores of Africa (1843)

## Obituary

He was a son of Rev. David Bacon, (well known as one of the missionary pioneers of Ohio and Michigan), and was born November 30, 1813, in Prospect, Connecticut. He graduated from Yale College in 1831 and Yale Medical School in 1836. A short time afterwards he was sent out by the American Colonization Society, as principal colonial physician in Liberia.
After his return from Liberia, he published three parts of a work entitled Wanderings on the Seas and Shores of Africa, in which his observations on the west coast of that country are very minutely recorded (N. Y. 1843. 8vo)
During most of his life he resided in New York, and at one time he was actively engaged in political affairs, as an earnest advocate of the election of Henry Clay to the Presidency. He was a frequent contributor to the periodicals of the day. In 1835 he published a work, evincing much research, entitled Lives of the Apostles. He died in the city of New York, January 23, 1865, aged 51 years.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Yale Obituary Record.
# Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research

The Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) is an oceanic, atmospheric, and geophysical research institute that is sponsored jointly by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the University of Hawaiʻi (UH). Formerly incorporated as JIMAR (Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research), it is one of 21 NOAA Cooperative Institutes (CIs).
The CIMAR research themes are:
* Ecosystem-Based Management
* Ocean Monitoring & Forecasting
* Ecosystem Monitoring
* Climate Science & Impacts
* Ecological Forecasting
* Air-Sea Interactions
* Protection & Restoration of Resources
* Tsunamis (and other long period ocean waves)
# Elachista indigens

Elachista indigens is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found in the Australian state of New South Wales.
The wingspan is 9.4–10 mm for males. The forewings and hindwings are pale grey.
# Manya, Victoria

Manya is a locality situated in the Sunraysia region and close to the border of South Australia. The place by road, is situated about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north from Panitya and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south from Sunset.
The place name Manya is derived from the local Aboriginal word meaning "the hand".
# Brachyopa insensilis

Brachyopa insensilis is a Palearctic species of hoverflies.

## Description

External images For terms see Morphology of Diptera The wing length is 6·5-7·25 mm. Apical antennomere small and without a sensory pit. Arista almost bare. Face less produced than in Brachyopa bicolor. Scutellum with microtrichia only on anterior margin. The larva is illustrated by Rotheray (1993).

## Distribution

Brachyopa insensilis is a Palearctic species with a wide distribution in Europe and east to Tajikistan, Siberia, Russian Far East and Kamchatka.
The habitat is Abies, Quercus and Fagus forest with senile trees, but also occurs on old trees in suburban parks.

## Behaviour

Brachyopa insensilis is arboreal descending to visit sap runs and flowers (white umbellifers, Photinia, Prunus padus, Sorbus aria. The flight period is from the beginning of May to the end of June. Brachyopa insensilis has a characteristic, rapid, zigzag flight and rarely descends lower than 3 metres from the ground. It may occur in small swarms around sap runs. Larvae feed in sap runs and rot holes.