OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sofia Gumaelius

Sofia Lovisa Gumaelius (8 December 1840 in Örebro – 23 January 1915 in Stockholm), was a Swedish businessperson.

## Early life

She was the daughter of Otto Joel Gumaelius [sv], founder of the newspaper Nerikes Allehanda. In July 1877, Sofia Gumaelius founded the advertising agency "Nya annonsbyrån, landsortspressens egen annonsförmedlare", generally referred to as Gumaelius Annonsbyrå or Gumaelius. It is known as one of the oldest advertising and communications businesses in the world.
In 1877 Sofia Gumaelius rented two rooms in Stockholm’s old town, intended as a temporary office. She borrowed some of the money for the start up from her brother Arvid Gumaelius and started the business off on her own. After a few months she needed to hire people and the first employee was Agda Wilson. The company quickly grew in size and within a year the office location had to be changed. In 1908 the firm built a new building in central Stockholm for their office. During Sofia Gumaelius’ lifetime offices were also established in London, Oslo, Malmö and Gothenburg.

## Career

From 1881 the name S. Gumaelii Annonsbyrå was registered as an abbreviation for Sofia Gumaelius’ Annonsbyrå. In 1883 Sofia Gumaelius also established the firm Gumaelius & Co, for printing supplies. In 1918, both these firms were joint into one firm under the name S Gumaelius. As an advertising person she was known for being strongly in favour of creating truthful messages in advertising to build trust among consumers.
She differed her agency at an early stage in relation to her competitors by employing illustrators at an early stage and by focusing on ads with visual elements and slogans.

## Social activism

Sofia Gumaelius was socially engaged and had an interest in democracy and free publicity. For some years she was treasurer in the Swedish organisation for women suffrage, National Association for Women's Suffrage. She was active in the Swedish journalist association Publicistklubben where she participated until her death and where she was referred to as ”The first lady of the Press” among her associates. She was the vice chairman of the women's club of her time Kvinnoklubben and was active in the women’s organisation Fredrika Bremer Association.

## Death and legacy

At her death, she was described as the greatest businesswoman in her country. Her business lived on beyond her death.
# Solar power in Taiwan

Taiwan government plans to build 6.5 GW solar power stations before 2020 and a total of 20 GW by 2025.

## History

Early research indicated that there are strong solar energy potential in all country. Further research published in 2022 pointed out that Taipei City as the area with the weakest solar irradiance, the solar energy potential on the rooftop is still beneficial and can compete the energy consumption in certain circumstances.
In 2012, the Million Rooftop Photo Voltaic and Thousand Wind Turbines programs were initiated. In 2014, the Rising Green Energy Industry Program was also initiated.
Here is a table showing the growth of solar power capacity and generation in Taiwan since 2000.

## Statistics

Taiwan's installed solar power capacity and generation in recent years is shown in the table below:
| Year | Capacity (MW) | Generation (GWh p.a.) |
| 2000 | 0.1 | 0.12 |
| 2001 | 0.2 | 0.26 |
| 2002 | 0.3 | 0.34 |
| 2003 | 0.4 | 0.46 |
| 2004 | 0.5 | 0.58 |
| 2005 | 1.0 | 0.96 |
| 2006 | 1.4 | 1.45 |
| 2007 | 2.4 | 2.18 |
| 2008 | 5.5 | 4.47 |
| 2009 | 9.5 | 9.11 |
| 2010 | 34.5 | 21.72 |
| 2011 | 129.9 | 61.62 |
| 2012 | 231.2 | 159.87 |
| 2013 | 409.9 | 321.09 |
| 2014 | 635.9 | 528.76 |
| 2015 | 884.2 | 850.26 |
| 2016 | 1245.0 | 1109.00 |
| 2017 | 1767.7 | 1667.45 |
| 2018 | 2738.1 | 2712.03 |
| 2019 | 4149.5 | 4015.94 |
| 2020 | 5817.2 | 6074.67 |
| 2021 | 7700.2 | 7970.19 |
| 2022 | 9723.7 | 10676.98 |
| 2023 | 12417.6 | 12908.69 |
# Sociedad Gabriela Mistral

Sociedad Gabriela Mistral (Gabriela Mistral Society), was a women's organization in Guatemala, founded in 1925. It is known for the role it played in the campaign for women's suffrage.
During the Second Federal Republic of Central America June 1921 and January 1922, women's suffrage was introduced on 9 September 1921, however the reform became moot when the Federal Republic of Central America was dissolved not long after.
The Sociedad Gabriela Mistral was founded to campaign for women's rights, and named after Gabriela Mistral. It was founded by a woman who was denied the right to study at the university, and initially worked for women's rights to university education. The Sociedad succeeded with its campaign to achieve women's access to university in Guatemala. The Sociedad continued addressing other women's issues, initially educational, professional, and finally campaigning for women's suffrage.
# Chiasmocleis schubarti

Chiasmocleis schubarti is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Chiasmocleis gnoma

Chiasmocleis gnoma is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, intermittent freshwater marshes, and plantations . It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Socs

Socs or SOCS may refer to:
* Senior chief special warfare operator, a Navy Seals rating
* Single overhead camshaft, a type of internal combustion engine
* Socs, one of the rival gangs in S.E. Hinton's novel The Outsiders.
* Socs subculture in the United States in the 1950s
* Suppressor of cytokine signalling, family of genes involved in inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway
* Symposium on Combinatorial Search, international computer science conference
* System on a chip, an integrated circuit that includes all components of a computer or other electronic system
# Chile men's national pitch and putt team

The Chile men's national pitch and putt team represents Chile in the pitch and putt international competitions. It is managed by the Federación Chilena de Pitch and Putt (FCPP), one of the founders of the Federation of International Pitch and Putt Associations (FIPPA).
Chile reached the 5th place in the 2008 Pitch and putt World Cup.

## National team

World Cup :
| Year | Championship | Host | Classification |
| 2006 | 2nd World Cup | Teià (Catalonia) | 8th place |
| 2008 | 3rd World Cup | Papendal (Netherlands) | 5th place |

## Players

National team in the World Cup 2008
* Fernando Valenzuela
* Guillermo Aranciba
* Daniel Valenzuela
National team in the World Cup 2006
* Max Valenzuela
* Guillermo Arancibia
* Juan Morán
# Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

The Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (or CNRRA -pronounced "Sin-rah") was an organisation established by the government of the Republic of China to distribute relief aid after from 1945 to 1947. Under an agreement with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) it was authorized to take possession of relief supplies and to distribute them. Critics have alleged that much of the aid was misappropriated.
# Chinakapavaram

Chinakapavaram is a village in West Godavari district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Chinakapavaram has a population of 3111 of which 1573 are males while 1538 are females. The average sex ratio of Chinakapavaram village is 978. The child population is 322, which makes up 10.35% of the total population of the village, with sex ratio 940. In 2011, the literacy rate of Chinakapavaram village was 70.96% when compared to 67.02% of Andhra Pradesh.
# Chinari

Chinari may refer to:

## Places

* Chinari, Armenia; a village
* Chinari, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan; a village
* Chinari, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; in Mohmand District
* Chinari, Mureș County, Romania; a village in the commune of Sântana de Mureș

## Other uses

* Chinarism, the offshoot of Alevism
* Oberiu or chinari, a Soviet art collective
# Chinarem

Chinarem was a traditional open-deck boat of the Ivatan people from the island of Sabtang in the Philippines. It was around 6 to 8 m (20 to 26 ft) long with three or four pair of rowers and a single mast. It was similar to the falua in shape, but differs in that the stern was pointed (hence its name). It can carry ten passengers and was generally used to ferry goods and people between the islands of Sabtang and Batan. Chinarem is extinct; it disappeared in Sabtang Island around the 1970s.
# Sofular, Tovuz

Sofular is a village and municipality in the Tovuz Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 443.
# Soligo

Soligo may refer to:
* Soligo (river)
* Soligo, Farra di Soligo, a frazione of Farra di Soligo
* Evans Soligo
# Nicholas Barber

Nicholas or Nick Barber may refer to:

## Musicians

* Doof (musician), real name Nick Barber (born 1968)
* Aaron Sprinkle, musician, real name Nick Barber (born 1974)

## Others

* Nicholas Barber (writer) who worked with Nick Percival
* Nicholas Barber (MP) for Dunwich
* Nicholas Barber, character in Morality Play
# Pectis elongata

Pectis elongata, the tropical cinchweed, is a summer blooming annual plant of the genus Pectis, found in the West Indies as well as in South and Central America. Tropical cinchweed is burned as a mosquito repellent.
# Shahrdari Tabriz FSC

Departments of Shahrdari Tabriz :
| Futsal | Football | Volleyball |
| Cycling road | Basketball | |
Shahrdari Tabriz Cultural and Athletic Club (Persian: باشگاه فرهنگی ورزشی شهرداري تبريز) is an Iranian sports club most widely known for its professional futsal team based in Tabriz, Iran.They currently compete in the Iranian Futsal Super League, the 1st tier of Iranian futsal.

## Season-by-season

The table below chronicles the achievements of the Club in various competitions.
| Season | League | Position | Hazfi | Notes |
| 2009 | 2 Div | ?? | | Promoted Play Off |
| 2009–10 | 1 Div | 6th/Group A | | bought Romatism Tehran |
| 2010–11 | 1 Div | 4th/Group A | | |
| 2011-12 | 1 Div | 1st/Group A | | Promoted |
| 2012-13 | Super League | 7th | | |
| 2013-14 | Super League | 8th | Semi-Final | |

## Honours

* Iran Futsal's 1st Division
** Champions (1): 2011-12

## First-team squad 2012-13

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | IRN | Yaghob Filgosh |
| 2 | IRN | Babak Akbari |
| 3 | IRN | Ramin Rostamiyan |
| 5 | IRN | Babak Nasiri |
| 6 | IRN | Moslm Rostamiha |
| 7 | IRN | Majid Tikdarinejad |
| 8 | IRN | Hashem Amnizadeh |
| 10 | IRN | Majid Rezaei |
| 11 | IRN | Hamed Hossienzadeh |
| 12 | IRN | Amin Mehmandoost |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 13 | | IRN | Iraj Jahanbakhsh |
| 16 | | IRN | Morteza Ezati |
| 17 | | IRN | Davood Tajbakhsh |
| 18 | DF | IRN | Vahid Shafiei |
| 19 | | IRN | Hamid Charkhiyan |
| 21 | | IRN | Saeed Moemeni |
| 22 | | IRN | Hatef Ghanbari |
| — | | IRN | Afshin Sepah |
| — | | IRN | Ali Mikaeili |
# Polerady

Polerady may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Polerady (Most District), a municipality and village in the Ústí nad Labem Region
* Polerady (Prague-East District), a municipality and village in the Central Bohemian Region
# Bonk: The Curious Coupling of Science and Sex

Bonk: The Curious Coupling of Science and Sex is a 2008 book by American popular science writer Mary Roach. It follows the winding history of science and its exploration of human sexuality, going back as far as Aristotle and finally ending with recent discoveries about the origination and anatomy of the female orgasm. Throughout, Mary Roach provides a humorous and often very personal view—both as a participant and observer—of humans, scientists, animals, and sex machines. Of the book's numerous accounts, Roach discusses artificial insemination of sows in Denmark, the history of sex machines, and provides commentary on Alfred Kinsey's notorious attic sex experiments. Her footnotes provide additional humor: as in a sentence that includes several DSM diagnoses listed as acronyms, she adds, "And from HAFD (hyperactive acronym formation disorder)". In the book, Roach describes a session in which she and Ed, her husband, volunteer to have sex while being recorded by a groundbreaking 4D ultrasound, in the interests of science. A doctor looks on during the experiment, making suggestions, and finally telling Ed that he "may ejaculate now".
In 2008, Bonk: The Curious Coupling of Science and Sex, was a New York Times Top 10 Bestseller as well as a New York Times Book Review Editor's Choice; it was a San Francisco Chronicle #1 bestseller and made it to the Boston Sunday Globe′s Top 5 Science Books. Bonk was also a Booksense Independent Bestseller and the Publishers Weekly 2008 Staff Pick.
In an interview with D. J. Grothe, Roach observed about her book tour audiences for Bonk:
   "It takes a while for the first person to raise a hand, but once one person has asked a question about sex, then you get ten people raising their hand and asking fairly explicit questions. And I do get the sense that it's kind of liberating for people to be able to just talk freely and ask questions using those words—it's the words themselves—I think everybody should just spend an hour just saying: 'clitoris, masturbation, penis, penis, penis, clitoris, clitoris'—just saying it over and over until it doesn't sound strange. Because eventually, it becomes like any other word. And some people are there already, of course, but for some people it just feels kind of scary to say those words in a public setting with strangers".
# Cremastobombycia verbesinella

Cremastobombycia verbesinella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Florida, United States.
The wingspan is about 6.4 mm.
The larvae feed on Verbesina virginica. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Boris Gămurari

Boris Gămurari (born 1 December 1946) is a Moldovan politician and diplomat who served as Minister of Defense of Moldova from 1999 until 2001.
# No. 8 Wing SAAF

No. 8 Wing SAAF was a South African Air Force commanded formation during World War II that served in Italy, the Balkans and the Mediterranean Theatre. It was formed on 25 July 1944 and consisted of Royal Air Force and South African Air Force squadrons under South African command. MAAF on 13 June 1944 asked the SAAF to reman immediately a new defensive fighter wing HQ to embrace No. 3 Squadron, No. 11 Squadron and No. 41 Squadron. By 22 June the request had been approved. Col "Rosy" du Toit (promoted from Sweep Leader No. 7 (South African) Wing) opened the new office for the Wing in the SAAF Headquarters building in Bari on 16 July 1944. HQ 8 Wing would also take control of No. 87 Squadron RAF and No. 185 Squadron RAF Lt-Col D.D. "Snowy" Moodie was appointed Sweep Leader of the new Wing. On 25 July 8 Wing came under administrative control of Desert Air Force. 8 Wing Headquarters moved from Foiano to Borghetto on 10 September 1944. where the two RAF squadrons joined the Wing, together with RAF No. 53 RSU (Repair and Salvage Unit). By the end of September, a it became clear that the end of the war was not at hand, the SAAF had two fighter-bomber Wing operating in Europe simultaneously for the first time (7 Wing and 8 Wing).
8 Wing began fighter-bomber operations supporting the fighting in Italy and took part in offensive sweeps across the Balkans from its detached Italian bases. It continued in this role until the end of the war.
On 30 October 1945 8 Wing went back to Egypt to be disbanded.

## History

It was designated as a fighter bomber wing and its squadrons flew Spitfire Mk IXs (Spitbombers) and Curtiss Kittyhawk Mk.IVs. Col "Rosy" du Toit became the youngest officer in the SAAF to command a fighter wing in operations. He was decorated with CBE, DFC and Bar, US DFC and served in Abyssinia, in North Africa from EL Alamein to Tunis and in the Italian campaign with both 7 Wing and 8 Wing

## Organisation and Squadrons

No. 7 Wing SAAF organisation: 1941 - 1945 :
| Date | Assigned Squadrons | Wing Commander | Higher formation |
| 25 July 1944 | 3 Squadron SAAF 11 Squadron SAAF 41 Squadron SAAF No. 87 Squadron RAF No. 185 Squadron RAF | Col. S.F. du Toit-12 July 1944 | |
# Soltau (surname)

Soltau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Annegret Soltau (born 1946), German artist
* Eleanor Soltau (1877–1962), English doctor
* Gordy Soltau (1925–2014), American football player
* Henrietta Soltau (1843–1934), British evangelist
* Jill Soltau (born 1967), American businesswoman
* Mirko Soltau (born 1980), German football player
* Otto Soltau (1885–1915), German artist
* Wilfried Soltau (1912–1995), German sprint canoer
# Nicolaus Hinrich Rieman

Nicolaus Hinrich Rieman (died 1759) was an architect and master builder in Denmark during the 1700s. Rieman's background is not known but he may originally have been from Mecklenburg, Germany. On 25 June 1726 a great fire destroyed large parts of Viborg and many German builders and architects moved to Jutland in the aftermath seeking employment and Rieman may have been one of these. Unlike most master builders at the time Rieman made plans for many projects without being directly involved in the construction or renovation process.
Rieman opened a successful architect's practice which designed works from Skagen in the north to Trøjborg Manor at Tønder in the south. Rieman renovated and expanded Engelsholm Castle in the late 1730s and by the 1740s Rieman's practice was well established and he was commissioned for the extensive renovation of Aarhus Cathedral in 1743-44. In 1744 he constructed Lichtenbergs Palæ in Horsens, in 1748-51 the north wing of Gammel Estrup Manor and in the 1750s Østergård Manor in Fjellerup. Rieman renovated a total of 14 churches in the Barony of Scheel on Djursland.
Rieman's works are known for arched baroque style gables and onion domes.
# Crambus perspicuus

Crambus perspicuus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1870. It is found in Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
# Onamia Township, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota

Onamia Township is a township in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 575 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.1 square miles (93.6 km$^2$), of which 35.7 square miles (92.5 km$^2$) is land and 0.42 square miles (1.1 km$^2$), or 1.13%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 583 people, 218 households, and 163 families residing in the township. The population density was 16.2 people per square mile (6.3/km$^2$). There were 258 housing units at an average density of 7.2/sq mi (2.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.05% White, 2.57% Native American, 0.34% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.20% of the population.
There were 218 households, out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $33,889, and the median income for a family was $41,786. Males had a median income of $26,458 versus $19,318 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,735. About 10.5% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.8% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.
# Crimes of War

Crimes of War: What the Public Should Know is a 1999 reference book edited by Roy Gutman and David Rieff. The 352-page book contains more than 150 entries, and was published by W.W. Norton.
The book collects reporters' accounts of war crimes with essays by lawyers on international humanitarian law to examine war crimes and the laws of war. Contributors include Sydney Schanberg, William Shawcross, Christiane Amanpour, and Justice Richard Goldstone, the UN Tribunal's first prosecutor, who provides a foreword. Photographers featured include Gilles Peress and Annie Leibovitz.
The book is part of a comprehensive project started by Gutman, photojournalist Gilles Peress, and UN Messenger for Peace Anna Cataldi which includes educational initiatives and additional articles. It has been published in 11 languages, including Arabic, Spanish, Italian, Hungarian, Serbo-Croatian and Chinese. A revised edition (2.0) with updated articles was published in October 2007 by W.W. Norton.

## Reviews

* "Crimes of War is fascinating and quite probably indispensable for anyone whose job it is to cover conflicts." --The Evening Standard
* "A riveting mixture of reporters' accounts of war crimes in every continent, coupled with essays by lawyers on international humanitarian law." --The Guardian

## Detailed release information

* Crimes of War: What the Public Should Know, Gutman, Roy, and David Rieff. W. W. Norton & Company, New York City: 1999, ISBN 0-393-04746-6 ISBN 0-393-31914-8 (Pbk.)
# Cressin-Rochefort

Cressin-Rochefort (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.
# One Percent Panic

One Percent Panic is the second full-length album by the California rock band Viva Death. The album was released in 2006 on Functional Equivalent Recordings.

## Track listing

* "Broken Nose"
* "Be Excited"
* "Suspect"
* "You Can't Love"
* "Behind You, Soldier"
* "United by the Threat of a Common Enemy"
* "Defector"
* "Rise and Shine"
* "The Fear"
* "Damage Control"
* "White Car"
* "Into the Void"

## Credits

* Scott Shiflett – Baritone guitar, vocals
* Trever Keith – Baritone guitar, vocals
* Chris Shiflett – Baritone guitar
* Josh Freese – Drums
* Chad Blinman – Noises and Effects

### Additional musicians

* Jason Freese (Baritone saxophone, Behind You, Soldier)
* Reiko Yoshida (Poetry reading, Defector)
# One Penny (film)

One Penny is a 2017 United States low budget drama film directed by Michael DeVita and produced by David A. Melendez. It tells the story of a young boy abandoned after the murder of his mother who is taken in by a homeless man known as the "Professor".
The film was shot on location around the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore areas and premiered at the DC Independent Film Festival in February 2017.

## Cast

* Harrison Samuels – Dylan
* Carson Grant – Professor
* Ben Rezendes – Tristan
* Will Roland – Collin
* Erin O'Brien – Jordan

## Critical reception

In her review of One Penny for Film International, Elias Savada considered that: " ... The cast all offer well-crafted performances, particularly Harrison Samuels as Dylan ... Devita and Melendez have shown a great deal of creativity in this freshman study of homeless life in the streets."
# Crepidodera populivora

Crepidodera populivora is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# Crepidodera luminosa

Crepidodera luminosa is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# Crispy Park

Crispy Park is the seventh album by the Japanese pop rock group Every Little Thing, released on August 9, 2006.
The album's seemingly unconventional name has the meaning of "an enjoyable atmosphere that's both fresh and exciting" (新鮮でワクワクするような楽しい雰囲気), according to ELT's official website.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Kaori Mochida

### Notes

* co-arranged by Every Little Thing
* co-arranged by Ichiro Ito
* Christmas concert held at the Urakami Cathedral on December 11, 2005.

## Charts

| Release | Chart | Peak position | Sales total |
| August 9, 2006 | Oricon Weekly Albums Chart | 1 | 209,316 copies sold |