OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Denag

Denag (fl. 459), was a Sasanian queen (banbishn). She was the wife of the king (shah) Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457), and functioned as queen regent in Ctesiphon during the civil war between her sons in 457–459.

## Life

Her origins are unknown, though given that her name had previously been used by Sasanian princesses, Denag may have been born a member of the royal family.
When Yazdegerd II died in 457, Hormizd III ascended the throne at Ray. His younger brother Peroz I, with the support of the powerful Mihranid magnate Raham Mihran, fled to the northeastern part of the empire and began raising an army in order to claim the throne for himself. The empire thus fell into a dynastic struggle and became divided; the mother of the two brothers, Denag temporarily ruled as regent of the empire from its capital, Ctesiphon.
Peroz eventually emerged victorious during the struggle, and became the new king of the Sasanian Empire. Hormizd was killed alongside three members of his family.
# Strandzha (organization)

"Strandzha" was a revolutionary organization of immigrants from Eastern Thrace to Bulgaria, which existed from 1896 to 1900. It was founded as a legal organization in 1896 in Varna by immigrants led by Petko Kiryakov. Only two months later in December 1896 in Burgas was convened the Congress of the Thracian emigration in the country. Following a first Congress now united company "Strandzha", various initiatives taken place and received public recognition. To perform its task a secret revolutionary committee was founded. This subsidiary body had the task to support the organization and to send armed bands in Thrace. Once, in the next few years it sent several detachments in Strandzha and the Rhodopes. In 1899 the Supreme Macedonian Committee made to "Strandzha" the proposal for unification. This act was realized on the seventh Congress of Supreme Macedonian Committee (30 July-5 August 1900). The combined organization was called the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee.
# Eugene MacBrehon

Eugene MacBrehon was an Irish clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mayo. He was appointed bishop in 1541. He died in 1573.
# Physical design

Physical design can refer to
* Physical database design - see also Physical data model
* Physical design (electronics)
# Swainsona burkei

Swainsona burkei is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a prostrate or perennial subshrub with imparipinnate leaves usually with 5 to 11 oblong to narrowly egg-shaped leaflets, and racemes of 5 to 10 purple flowers.

## Description

Swainsona burkei is a prostrate or perennial subshrub that typically grows to a height of 30–40 cm (12–16 in) with many slender stems arising from its base. Its leaves are imparipinnate, 2–7 cm (0.79–2.76 in) long with stipules 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long at the base. There are 5 to 11 oblong to narrowly leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, mostly 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) and 3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in) wide. The flowers are arranged in racemes 1–30 mm (0.039–1.181 in) long of 5 to 10, each flower on a pedicel 0.5–15 mm (0.020–0.591 in) wide. The sepals are joined at the base, forming a tube about 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long, the sepal lobes often three or more longer than the sepal tube. The petals are purple, occasionally pink or white, the standard petal 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) long, the wings 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long, and the keel 7–9 mm (0.28–0.35 in) long. The fruit is a more or less oblong pod 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) long and 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) wide with the remains of the style 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Swainsona burkei was first formally described in 1864 by George Bentham in Flora Australiensis from an unpublished description of Ferdinand von Mueller. Bentham's description was published in his Flora Australiensis.

## Distribution and habitat

This species of swainsona grows in grassland and woodland in the central parts of the Northern Territory and in western Queensland.
# Serrulate whiptail

The serrulate whiptail or serrulate rattail, Coryphaenoides serrulatus, is a rattail of the genus Coryphaenoides, found around southern Australia and New Zealand, at depths of between 750 and 2,000 m. Its length is between 30 and 45 cm.
# Joppa (wasp)

Joppa is a genus of Neotropical parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae.

## Selected species

The following are examples of species of Joppa:
* Joppa braunsii (Kriechbaumer, 1898)
* Joppa brunnii (Kriechbaumer, 1898)
* Joppa dromedaria (Kriechbaumer, 1898)
* Joppa furcifera Kriechbaumer, 1898
* Joppa fuscata Kriechbaumer, 1898
* Joppa geniculata Cameron, 1884
* Joppa hypoxantha (Kriechbaumer, 1898)
* Joppa linearis (Kriechbaumer, 1898)
* Joppa mesopyrrha (Kriechbaumer, 1898)
* Joppa subvittata (Kriechbaumer, 1898)
* Joppa verticalis Fabricius, 1804
# Rubus superbus

Rubus superbus is an uncommon Guatemalan species of brambles in the rose family.
Rubus superbus is a perennial with wool and a few prickles but not many. Leaves are compound with three leaflets.
# Central tendon

Central tendon can refer to:
* Central tendon of diaphragm
* Central tendon of perineum
# Shefford (Province of Canada electoral district)

Shefford was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada East, in the Eastern Townships. It was created in 1841, based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
Shefford was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Quebec.

## Boundaries

Shefford was located to the south-east of Montreal, in the Eastern Townships (including areas now in the regional county municipalities of Brome-Missisquoi and La Haute-Yamaska).
The Union Act, 1840 merged the two provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished. The Union Act provided that the pre-existing electoral boundaries of Lower Canada and Upper Canada would continue to be used in the new Parliament, unless altered by the Union Act itself.
Shefford electoral district of Lower Canada was not altered by the Act, and therefore continued with the same boundaries which had been set by a statute of Lower Canada in 1829:

## Members of the Legislative Assembly (1841–1867)

Shefford was a single-member constituency.
The following were the members of the Legislative Assembly for Shefford. The party affiliations are based on the biographies of individual members given by the National Assembly of Quebec, as well as votes in the Legislative Assembly. "Party" was a fluid concept, especially during the early years of the Province of Canada.
| Parliament | Member | Member | Years in Office | Party | Party |
| 1st Parliament 1841–1844 | Sewell Foster | Sewell Foster | 1841–1847 | Unionist; Tory | |
| 2nd Parliament 1844–1847 | Sewell Foster | Sewell Foster | 1841–1847 | "British" Tory | "British" Tory |
| 3rd Parliament 1848–1851 | Lewis Thomas Drummond | | 1848–1858 | French-Canadian Group | French-Canadian Group |
| 4th Parliament 1851–1854 | Lewis Thomas Drummond | | 1848–1858 | "English" Moderate | "English" Moderate |
| 5th Parliament 1854–1857 | Lewis Thomas Drummond | | 1848–1858 | English Ministerialist | English Ministerialist |
| 6th Parliament 1858–1861 | Lewis Thomas Drummond | | 1848–1858 | Liberal | Liberal |
| 6th Parliament 1858–1861 | Asa Belknap Foster | | 1858–1860 | Liberal-Conservative | Liberal-Conservative |
| 7th Parliament 1861–1863 | Lucius Seth Huntington | | 1861–1867 | Liberal | Liberal |
| 8th Parliament 1863–1867 | Lucius Seth Huntington | | 1861–1867 | Anti-Confederation; Liberal | |
# Denis Mickiewicz

Denis Mickiewicz, born into a Russian family in Latvia, is a founding conductor of the Yale Russian Chorus and professor emeritus of Russian literature at Duke University. He emigrated first to Austria and then to the United States in 1952. He was presented with a Festschrift in his honor in 2009.
# Strandvliet metro station

Strandvliet is an Amsterdam Metro station in the Venserpolder area of Amsterdam, Netherlands. The station opened in 1977 and is served by 2 lines, the 50 (Isolatorweg - Gein) and 54 (Amsterdam Centraal - Gein).
The metro station is only accessible with an OV-chipkaart or GVB Travel Pass.
# Ettringen

Ettringen may refer to:
* Ettringen, Bavaria
* Ettringen, Mayen-Koblenz
# Phytoscutus bakeri

Phytoscutus bakeri is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
# Swainsona calcicola

Swainsona calcicola is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to north-western Western Australia. It is a prostrate or ascending, low-growing perennial with many stems, imparipinnate leaves usually with 7 to 11 broadly egg-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, and racemes of usually 4 or 5 pink, purple or red flowers.

## Description

Swainsona calcicola is a prostrate or ascending, low-growing perennial plant, that has many stems arising from a tap root. Its leaves are imparipinnate, mostly up to 100 mm (3.9 in) long with stipules often more than 10 mm (0.39 in) long at the base. There are mostly 7 to 11 broadly egg-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, the lower leaflets about 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in) and 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) wide. The flowers are arranged in racemes 5–25 mm (0.20–0.98 in) long of 4 to 5, each flower 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in) long. The sepals are softly-hairy and joined at the base, forming a tube 2.0–2.5 mm (0.079–0.098 in) long with the sepal lobes about equal to or longer than the sepal tube. The petals are pink, purple or red, the standard petal 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long, the wings 8–11 mm (0.31–0.43 in) long, and the keel 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long. Flowering occurs in August and September, and the fruit is an oblong pod about 25 mm (0.98 in) long with the remains of the style about 7 mm (0.28 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Swainsona calcicola was first formally described in 1990 by Joy Thompson in the journal Telopea, from a specimen collected by Alex George near Ningaloo Station homestead in 1970. The specific epithet (calcicola) means "limestone-dweller".

## Distribution and habitat

This species grows in sand on coastal limestone and dunes on the coast and off-shore islands of Western Australia in the Carnarvon and Yalgoo bioregions of north-western Western Australia.
# Jose Gauche

José Gauche became Jose Browne, 10th Marchioness of Sligo (1908–2004) was an Irish artist who was the 10th Marchioness of Sligo and the châtelain and the designer of the interiors of Westport House.

## Life

Gauche's early life is not detailed. Her father, William, was a businessman and her ancestors included Huguenots. She was born in June 1908 and she was brought up in London. She comes to notice when she was an artist in London and she married on 12 January 1930. Their first home together was a Suffolk farm.
In 1953 her father-in-law died and she became a Marchioness. Her husband had inherited a 800-acre farm, the huge Westport House and the title of Marquess of Sligo. This was not expected as his elder brother inherited the family fortune and he had four sons. However the four sons died and the Browne family's finances were substantially reduced because of death duties which were paid twice on the fortune. She and her husband and her son moved to Ireland but the farm made no money and by 1958 the option of selling the house only brought derisory offers.
The plan was to open the house to the paying public although this would be the first house on the republic of Ireland to try this as a business plan. First Gauche had to go through each room discarding the detritus gathered over centuries. She and her husband were both artists and the Connauult area was not known for its tourism in the 1950s. She was able to design and make furnishing fabrics to suit the Westport House rooms as she had always made her own clothes and her own accessories. She crocheted bedspreads to decorate the beds and she is credited with being the house's châtelain and its interior designer.
Westport house was opened to the public in 1961 and it had 2,600 visitors. The expansion of the house as a business is credited to her son.
The family moved from Westport House into a house on the estate in 1969 and in 1975 they moved back to Surrey.She became a widow in 1991.

## Death and legacy

Gauche died in 2004 when the annual visitor numbers to the house she created was 50,000 per annum. Her heir was her son Jeremy. She had no other children.
# Rubus strigosus

Rubus strigosus, the American red raspberry or American raspberry, is a species of Rubus native to much of North America. It was often treated as a variety or subspecies of the closely related Eurasian Rubus idaeus (red raspberry or European red raspberry), but is now more commonly treated as a distinct species. Many of the commercial raspberry cultivars grown for their fruit derive from hybrids between R. strigosus and R. idaeus; see Raspberry for more details.

## Classification

Botanists have long debated the taxonomic treatment of the Eurasian and American red raspberries, with some viewing all of these plants as members of a single, circumboreal species Rubus idaeus, and others recognizing two (or more) species within this group. The two species share many similarities, and probably recently diverged from a common ancestor, leading to differences in taxonomic interpretation, particularly regarding the more intermediate eastern Asian plants. A common current treatment, followed here, is to classify the North American red raspberries as Rubus strigosus, and include only the Eurasian plants in Rubus idaeus. When the species are combined, as done in some recent publications, the Eurasian plants are Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus (or Rubus idaeus var. idaeus), and the American plants R. idaeus ssp. strigosus (or R. idaeus var. strigosus). Different interpretations are also sometimes made regarding placement of various eastern Asian populations of this group, by some considered to represent additional varieties or subspecies, if not different species altogether. The most distinctive physical difference among these plants is usual presence of gland-tipped hairs on first-year canes, petioles, pedicels, and calyces of R. strigosus, lacking in R. idaeus.

## Distribution

Rubus strigosus, as treated here, is widely distributed in North America, particularly the more boreal regions. Some authors also treat various raspberries in eastern Asia, east from the Altai Mountain Range in Mongolia to Manchuria and Japan in this taxon (where it is suggested to have originated along with a great deal of the North American flora), but others include all Asian raspberries in R. idaeus. with the Eurasian plants being Rubus idaeus ssp. (or var.) idaeus.

## Description

R. strigosus is a perennial plant which bears biennial stems ("canes") from the perennial root system. In its first year, a new stem grows vigorously to its full height of 0.5–2 m, unbranched, and bearing large pinnate leaves with three or five (rarely seven) leaflets; normally it does not produce any flowers. In its second year, the stem does not grow taller, but produces several side shoots, which bear smaller leaves with three leaflets.
The flowers are produced in late spring on short racemes on the tips of these side shoots, each flower with five white petals 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) long. The fruit is 1–1.2 cm (0.39–0.47 in) diameter, red, edible, sweet but tart-flavored, produced in summer or early autumn; in botanical terminology, it is not a berry at all, but an aggregate fruit of numerous drupelets around a central core.
# Sibby

Sibby is a given name or nickname.
Notable people with the name include:
* Sibby Flowers (born 1963), American weightlifter
* Sibby Nichols (1884–1957), Canadian ice-hockey player
* Sibby Sisti (1920–2006), American baseball player
* Sibimet ("Sibby"), a character in the Sylvie and Bruno novels by Lewis Carroll
# Shapurji Broacha

Sir Shapurji Burjorji Broacha (30 April 1845 – 23 June 1920) was an Indian industrialist and philanthropist. He was appointed as the Sheriff of Bombay in 1911 during the visit of the King-Emperor, then King George V.
He was the president of Bombay Native Share and Stock Brokers' Association for more than 25 years. Sir Shapurji Broacha was connected as a director with at least twenty-five joint-stock companies. He was honoured with a Knighthood by His Majesty the King-Emperor on the occasion of the 1911 Coronation Durbar. In 1913, he was the only Indian member to be appointed as a member of Royal Commission on Indian Finance and Currency. He was one of the founding members of Bank of India, which was founded in 1906.

## Early life

He was born on 30 April 1845 at Bharuch, Bombay Presidency to poor parents. His father died when he was a child, so his mother and his sisters migrated to Bombay when he was only 12 years old. He would stitch clothes with his mother and his sisters in order to earn a living in Bombay, His family couldn't afford higher education for shapoorji but young shapoorji was able to speak fluent English without any training. He joined Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway as a Petty Clerk in 1863, after a year he joined the Asian bank also as a petty clerk but his love of maths grew in his life working as a clerk in the bank. In 1864 he became a stockbroker.

## Death

Broacha died on 23 June 1920, at the age of 75. It was reported that a large number of commercial houses, share, bullion, and various other markets were closed on 24 June 1920, the day after his death.

## Honours and legacy

He was honoured with a Knighthood by His Majesty the King-Emperor on the occasion of the 1911 Coronation Durbar.
On 1 March 1923, White marble busts on the grey pedestal of the late Sir Shapurji Broacha and his wife Lady Pirojbai were unveiled in the Masina Hospital compound, Mumbai by Sir George Lloyd, the Governor of Bombay.
A bust of Broacha was unveiled at the Stock Exchange Building, Bombay by Michael Knatchbull, the Governor of Bombay on 4 April 1935.
One of the oldest and largest hostels for Boys of Institute of Science, in Banaras Hindu University, built in 1921 is named after him as Broacha hostel.
As per the Gujarat Government Gazette, in 1961, the Sir Shapurji Burjorji Broacha Hall, a public hall in Gujarat, is named after him. It was built at a cost of Rs. 49,446 and was opened on 12 November 1912.
# Paul Ritchie

Paul Ritchie is the name of:
* Paul Ritchie (musician), American musician, producer, guitarist for The Parlor Mob
* Paul Ritchie (footballer, born 1969), Scottish football player (East Fife)
* Paul Ritchie (footballer, born 1975), Scottish football player (Heart of Midlothian)
# Still Standing (Monica song)

"Still Standing" is a song by American R&B singer Monica, written by Christopher Bridges, Adonis Shropshire, Bryan-Michael Cox and Monica for her sixth studio album, Still Standing (2010). Produced by Bryan-Michael Cox, it features guest vocals by her cousin and rapper Ludacris.

## Background

The record was originally intended to be released as the album's lead single, with its production and release being tracked by a single episode of the reality television show format Monica: The Single on Peachtree TV. However, as the label and the singer were not in agreement with the album's title track becoming the first single Monica set up additional sessions to find a new single.
Without an official single release, the song entered the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 78 in the week of August 21, 2008, before sliding down the charts. In its fourth week, it rebounded from number 89 to number 74. The song reached number 65 on Billboard Digital Songs chart. It was sent to radio prior to the release of Still Standing, where it received some radio airplay.

## Live performances

Monica performed the song on for the national program special SOS Saving Ourselves – Help for Haiti Benefit on in early February with rapper Ludacris. It was received as one of the best performances overall that night. She performed it live on BET’s Black Girls Rock! on November 7, 2010 and The Mo'Nique Show on November 8, 2009. On August 22, 2020, it was announced that the latest Verzuz battle would be between Norwood and Monica. The challenge took place on August 31, 2020 at Tyler Perry Studios in Atlanta, Georgia and was watched by a record-breaking 1.2 million viewers on the Instagram live stream alone. Monica sang along to "Still Standing"in round 11, beating Brandy's 2020 single "Borderline".

## Charts

Chart performance for "Still Standing" :
| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 74 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay (Billboard) | 74 |
# Eucalyptus doratoxylon

Eucalyptus doratoxylon, commonly known as the spearwood mallee, spearwood or geitch-gmunt in Noongar language is a species of mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth, powdery white bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves mostly arranged in opposite pairs, flower buds in groups of seven, white to pale yellow flowers and pendulous, more or less spherical fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus doratoxylon is a mallee, rarely a small tree, that typically grows to a height of 1.4–6 m (4 ft 7 in – 19 ft 8 in) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, powdery white over reddish or greenish bark. Young plants and coppice regrowth have narrow elliptic to narrow lance-shaped leaves that are arranged in opposite pairs, 40–80 mm (1.6–3.1 in) long and 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) wide. Adult leaves are also usually arranged in opposite pairs, glossy green, 42–95 mm (1.7–3.7 in) long and 5–16 mm (0.20–0.63 in) wide on a petiole 2–12 mm (0.079–0.472 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle 8–20 mm (0.31–0.79 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in) long. Mature buds are pear-shaped to oval, creamy white, 8–11 mm (0.31–0.43 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a beaked operculum. Flowering occurs between August and March and the flowers are white to pale yellow. The fruit is a pendulous, woody, more or less spherical capsule 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) wide with the valves near rim level.

## Taxonomy

Eucalyptus doratoxylon was first formally described in 1860 by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae from samples collected by George Maxwell in the Kojoneerup district. The specific epithet is (doratoxylon) is derived from the Ancient Greek words dory, doratos meaning "spear" and xylon meaning "wood", possibly in reference to the use of the stems for spears.

## Distribution

Spearwood mallee grows in sandy loam or white-grey sandy soils in heath and open forest on hills and around granite outcrops along the south coast in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Eucalyptus doratoxylon is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife

## Noongar Uses

Noongars used the branches to make spears: the bends in the branch were straightened over fire and the tips were sharpened using a chert flake.
As with all other Eucalypts in the south-western region of Western Australia, the leaves of this species were crushed to make antibacterial poultices for wounds. They were also crushed and steamed to relieve nasal congestion. The gum was used after grinding, to make an ointment for sores, and also taken orally as a treatment for dysentery.