OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tom Chatto

Thomas Chatto St George Sproule (1 September 1920 – 8 August 1982) was an English actor who made numerous appearances on television, film, and stage between 1957 and his death in 1982.

## Early life and career

Chatto is a great-grandson of Andrew Chatto (1840–1913) the founder of the publishers Chatto and Windus.
According to a London Palladium souvenir brochure from a 1970 production of Aladdin, he was trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. During the war he was commissioned in the Indian Army. After the war he maintained the family interest in books and became a director of the firm of booksellers Pickering and Chatto.
Chatto appeared mostly in films, including Oscar Wilde (1960) in which he played the Clerk of Arraigns. He was well known for his role in the 1969 Guy Hamilton film Battle of Britain.
His work in the theatre includes Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be, My Fair Lady, Number 10, The Young Visiters and Hushabye. In 1969 he appeared with Tommy Steele and Mary Hopkin in Dick Whittington at The London Palladium and in 1970 was The Emperor of China in Aladdin with Cilla Black, Alfred Marks and Leslie Crowther, and with Alec Guinness in the play Time out of Mind.
He appeared on TV in Honey Lane, The Cedar Tree, The Expert, Happy Ever After, and as Sergeant Grimshaw in Young Sherlock: The Mystery of the Manor House. He had a minor role in the pilot episode of Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased) in 1969 in the episode, "My Late Lamented Friend and Partner".

## Marriage

Chatto married Rosalind Joan Thompson, who became a successful talent agent under the name Ros Chatto (died 5 June 2012); the couple had two sons:
* James Chatto whose child is the stand-up comedian Mae Martin.
* Daniel Chatto who married Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones, the daughter of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon and Anthony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, and the niece of Queen Elizabeth II.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1957 | The Girl in the Picture | George Keefe |
| 1957 | Quatermass 2 | Broadhead |
| 1960 | Oscar Wilde | Clerk of Arraigns |
| 1962 | The Boys | Morris |
| 1966 | The Frozen Dead | Inspector Witt |
| 1967 | It! | Young Captain |
| 1969 | Battle of Britain | Willoughby's Assistant Controller |
| 1970 | My Lover My Son | Woods |
| 1970 | The Man Who Had Power Over Women | Doctor |
| 1971 | Assault | Police Doctor |
| 1971 | When Eight Bells Toll | Lord Kirkside |
| 1974 | Galileo | Town Crier |
| 1975 | The Romantic Englishwoman | Neighbour |
| 1979 | The Human Factor | General Phipps |
# Fairview, Page County, Virginia

Fairview, Page County is an unincorporated community in Page County, in the U.S. state of Virginia. In this community, there is a local general store, with a butchery, jams, honey, and interesting snacks. It is near Luray, Virginia also.
# Centrotherm Photovoltaics

centrotherm international AG is a supplier of process technology and equipment for the photovoltaics, semiconductor and microelectronics industries. Its company headquarters are in Blaubeuren, Germany (Baden-Württemberg).

## Industry sector

centrotherm international AG develops, manufactures and markets thermal key equipment and process technology for the production of solar cells, power semiconductor devices, logic and memory devices as well as LED and sensor technologies and also provides related services to customers.

## Company history

The company was founded in 1976 as centrotherm Elektrische Anlagen GmbH + Co. KG. In the 1990s the company broke into the photovoltaic business and since 2000 has been an important global player in this industry sector. As part of company restructuring in the centrotherm Group, the name of the photovoltaic business unit was changed to centrotherm photovoltaics solutions GmbH & Co. KG in 2004 and in 2006 became centrotherm photovoltaics AG. The company has been listed on the Prime Standard of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange since October 2007 and was also listed on the German TecDAX in December of the same year.
# Bauraha khola

Bauraha khola (Nepali: बौराह खोला), sometimes known as Baulaha khola, is a stream in Gadhawa Rural Municipality ward number 1 Dang Deukhuri District Nepal. It irrigates the land of Banghushree 12 months. The water level rises in monsoon season. It runs from south to north between Banghushree and Badahara village, originating from southern Chure hills of Banghushree Dang Deukhuri District Nepal; near 'Bauraha Kapilvastu' such as Saani Bauraha, Thulo Bauraha, Kalyankot, Domai, Gangare, and Gogan paani. Chureni khola, Sota, Bhutaiya khola and Bagaiya khola are tributaries of Bauraha khola. Sanghuri ।सॉघुरी।, an area of vertical slope with a narrow opening, is a place where stream accumulates its strength. In the monsoon season, it causes a huge loss of property. The upper large catchment area where high precipitation in monsoon season results devastating flash floods each year, impacting the locals of Banghushree. Bauraha khola, which generally carries mud, boulders and much debris due to steep slope, sweeps the fertile land of Banghushree each year. It ends its presence by mixing with West Rapti River near at Banghushree. Both Damodar road and Dulaiya road cross Bauraha khola to connect Banghushree with Badahara village. There is no solid infrastructure built to cross the stream Bauraha khola.
In 2018 B.S. (1961 AD), flooding in Bauraha Khola caused huge loss of livestock and property. It was the most devastating flood ever recorded. At that time, the stream modified the lower lands near Banghushree and Badahara. The peak, Ekal Danda, was the result of the flood.

## Location

Gadhawa Rural Municipality ward number 1, Dang Deukhuri District Nepal. It is nearly 4.5 km west from Kalakate.

## Affected villages

* Banghushree
* Banbari
* Badahara
* Bauraha

## Swept areas

* Putali danda and nearby agricultural lands
* western Majhaghat and nearby lands of national forest
* west part of Banghushree
* Khaireni

## Affected roads

* Damodar road
* Dulaiya road
* Banghushree Banbari local footpath
* Bauraha khola
* Banghushree
* Baurahakhola near Banghushree
* Khaireni
* Bauraha Khola
* BaurahaKhola near west rapti river
# Chloroclystis gymnoscelides

Chloroclystis gymnoscelides is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in South Africa.
# Nyborg, Sweden

Nyborg (pronounced : Newbury) is a locality situated in Kalix Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden with 833 inhabitants in 2010. Their bandy club is called Nyborgs SK.
Nyborg was originally the name of a now disfunct saw mill, but has become used for the two villages Ytterbyn and Målsön which are so close together that they count as one locality.
# Scopula sinnaria

Scopula sinnaria is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1904. It is found in Angola, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe.

## Subspecies

* Scopula sinnaria sinnaria (South Africa)
* Scopula sinnaria bisinuata (Warren, 1905) (Angola)
# Cethegus broomi

Cethegus broomi is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Euagridae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1901 by British arachnologist Henry Roughton Hogg.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales in open forest habitats. The type locality is Hillgrove, about 30 km east of Armidale.

## Behaviour

The spiders are fossorial, terrestrial predators. They construct silk webs.
# Paradeniz

Paradeniz (literally "semi sea") is a lagoon along the Mediterranean Sea shore in Turkey. It is part of a lagoon system composed of four lakes.

## Geography

Paradeniz is in Silifke district of Mersin Province, Turkey. It is a formed within the Göksu Delta at 36°18′N 34°00′E﻿ / ﻿36.300°N 34.000°E﻿ / 36.300; 34.000. It is at the west of the river, south west of the town Arkum, north of the cape İncekum and east of the town Taşucu.

## Location

East shore line of Paradeniz lies more or less parallel to Mediterranean Sea shore. The average distance to sea is less than 50 metres (160 ft). At the north east end there is a narrow channel to sea. The salinity is ‰ 19, which is less than that of Mediterranean Sea. The surface area of the lagoon is about 4 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi) and the average dept is 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in)

## Ecology

Paradeniz together with the surrounding area is an important breeding and wintering area for the waterbirds. The number of bird species which were determined around Paradeniz is as high as 302 Paradeniz is also a fishery. By controlling the narrow channel to sea, fishes are trapped and harvested. The best known Paradeniz produce is blue crab (Callinectes sapidus).
# Billboard Top Hits: 1977

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Billboard Top Hits: 1977 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1991, featuring ten hit recordings from 1977.
The track lineup includes seven songs that reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The remaining three songs each reached the top five of the Hot 100.

## Track listing

* Track information and credits were taken from the CD liner notes.
# Rhinehart, Louisiana

Rhinehart is an unincorporated community in La Salle and Catahoula parishes, Louisiana, United States. The community is located on Louisiana Highway 8, 8.1 miles (13.0 km) east-southeast of Jena. Rhinehart has a post office with ZIP code 71363.
# Chocolaterie Robert

Chocolaterie Robert is the first commercial producer of locally produced chocolate in Madagascar. Bars of chocolate are the company's most widespread product and are sold under the name Chocolat Robert. The company was established in 1940 by the French-Reunionais Robert family in Toamasina and changed hands several times before being sold to a Malagasy business group run by the Ramanandraibe family, among the major Malagasy leaders driving economic development of the island in the post-colonial period.

## History

Chocolaterie Robert is the first brand of chocolate to be commercially produced and sold in Madagascar. The company was established in 1940 by Mr and Mrs Robert, a French couple from nearby Reunion Island. The couple began producing chocolates using local cocoa from Brickaville, where Madagascar's first cocoa plantations had been established by earlier French colonists. In 1948 the couple sold the company to a candy maker based in Antananarivo. By 1977 the company was owned by a French family named Berger who decided to leave the island and sell the chocolaterie to a Malagasy entrepreneur named Ramanandraibe, whose family were among the Malagasy economic leaders of the post-colonial period.

## Products

Robert chocolate bars (Chocolat Robert) are currently available throughout Madagascar and in 12 stores in France and one in the United Kingdom. Artisanal chocolates and other sweets are sold in speciality Chocolaterie Robert boutiques at seven locations in Madagascar. These include cakes, chocolate-based candies, baking chocolate, chocolate powder, and chocolate bars. On 18 October 2014, Robert chocolate won awards in several categories at the International Chocolate Awards in London. These included the gold medal for 50% milk chocolate, the silver medal for 85% dark chocolate, the silver medal for its white chocolate with vanilla, and the bronze medal for its 65% dark chocolate, considered the most difficult category with over 100 competitors.

## Operations

The Ramandraibe group is currently working closely with the farmers of Brickaville to rebuild local expertise in cocoa production. Since 2012 the company has made intensive investments to further improve the quality of their chocolate in order to compete globally with international chocolate makers. To this end, the company established a series of cooperatives employing 125 farmers in the Ambanja region to produce top quality organic cocoa. New high performance machines were purchased for the Antananarivo factory, and the company has adopted British quality standards as required by the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point in order to expand into the British market.
# Nyssodrysilla vittata

Nyssodrysilla vittata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1934.
# Scott Henry

Scott Henry may refer to:
* Scott Henry (cricketer) (born 1989), Australian cricketer
* Scott Henry (golfer) (born 1987), Scottish golfer
* Scott Henry (vine training system)
# Tomasz Młynarski

Tomasz Młynarski (born 1977 in Kraków) is a Polish political scientist and the former ambassador to France (2017–2022).

## Life

Tomasz Młynarski was born in 1977. He has earned his master's degree from the Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Law and Administration. In 2005, he defended there his Ph.D. thesis on France strategy toward European Union institutional reform and enlargement. In 2014, he received his post-doctoral degree (habilitation thesis: France in the process of communitarization of energy security and climate policy of the European Union). He has been educated also at the Institut d'études politiques de Rennes (1999–2000), Sciences Po in Paris (2012) and Sorbonne University (2012, 2014).
He works as an assistant professor at the Jagiellonian University, Faculty of International and Political Studies. His research interests include: energy cooperation in Europe, European integration, international security and France foreign policy. He authored six monographs and 70 scientific papers. He was also working as the manager at the private company and as the deputy director at the Małopolska Provincial Office in Kraków.
On 12 August 2017, Tomasz Młynarski was nominated Poland ambassador to France. On 13 October 2017, he presented his credentials to the President of France Emmanuel Macron. He is accredited also to Monaco. He ended his term on 31 March 2022.
He is married, with three children. Apart from his native Polish, he speaks English and French languages.

## Works

* Francja wobec głównych problemów reformy instytucjonalnej Unii Europejskiej w XXI w. , Wydawnictwo Dante, Kraków, 2006, ISBN 978-83-89500-99-1.
* Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku: mozaika interesów i geostrategii, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, 2011, ISBN 978-83-233-3119-3.
* Francja w procesie uwspólnotowienia bezpieczeństwa energetycznego i polityki klimatycznej Unii Europejskiej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2013, ISBN 978-83-233-3497-2.
* Źródła energii i ich znaczenie dla bezpieczeństwa energetycznego w XXI wieku [with M. Tarnawski], Wydawnictwo Difin, Kraków 2015, ISBN 978-83-8085-024-8.
* Energetyka jądrowa wobec globalnych wyzwań bezpieczeństwa energetycznego i reżimu nieproliferacji w erze zmian klimatu, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2016, ISBN 978-83-233-4070-6.
* Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne i ochrona klimatu w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2017, ISBN 978-83-233-4239-7.
# Valverda Plantation

The Valverda Plantation is a Southern plantation with a historic mansion located in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, just outside of Maringouin in neighboring Iberville Parish. It was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style, and completed in 1850. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 1, 2002.
# Chain of Lakes Trail

The Chain of Lakes Trail is a 4.7 miles (7.6 km) paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue B Northwest near the Chamber of Commerce Building. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida, and Lake Conine before coming to an end at the southwest corner of West Haines Avenue and southbound US Highway 17 and westbound US Highway 92.
Originally running 3.2 miles (5.1 km) between Avenue E Northwest at the Winter Haven bus terminal near city hall and Lake Rochelle at US 17/92 in Lake Alfred, it was extended north over a bridge crossing US 17 and 92 running as far north as West Haines Avenue in Lake Alfred, as well as south through Winter Haven Central Park to the Chamber of Commerce Building in the late 2010s.
# Paradentiscutata maritima

Paradentiscutata maritima is a species of fungus. It is characterised by introverted ornamentations on the spore wall; the spore wall structure and germ shield morphology. It was first isolated in northeast Brazil, and can be distinguished by the projections on the outer spore surface.
# Rhadinaea fulvivittis

Rhadinaea fulvivittis, the ribbon graceful brown snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Mexico.
# Robert Kemp

Robert Kemp may refer to:

## Politicians

* Sir Robert Kemp, 2nd Baronet (1627–1710), MP for Norfolk and Dunwich
* Sir Robert Kemp, 3rd Baronet (1667–1734), MP for Dunwich and Suffolk
* Sir Robert Kemp, 4th Baronet (1699–1752), MP for Orford
* Robert Kemp (Canadian politician), politician in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario

## Others

* Robert Kemp (literary critic) (1878–1959), French literary critic
* Robert Kemp (playwright) (1908–1967), Scottish playwright
* Robert S. Kemp, professor of finance
* Robert G. Kemp (1928–1988), Canadian painter
* Bobby Kemp (1959–1998), American football player
* Robert "Father" Kemp, founder of the Old Folks Concerts
# Chocolate temper meter

A chocolate temper meter is used to measure the presence of various types of the crystal forms IV, V in semi-molten cocoa butter in the preparation of well tempered chocolate. It works by measuring "the temperature of a standard weight of chocolate as it crystallizes when cooled in a controlled way." A modern, digital version, the Greer temper meter, can measure the degree of temper at any required time.
# Committee on Commonwealth Membership

The Committee on Commonwealth Membership (CCM) was a committee convened by the Commonwealth Secretariat in 2006 to examine and report on prospective changes to the membership criteria of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was chaired by P. J. Patterson, formerly Prime Minister of Jamaica, and consisted of seven other members.
The committee met twice, both times in London: on 6-7 December 2006 and 14 May 2007. It issued its report on 24 October 2007, and presented it to the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007, in Kampala, Uganda.

## Composition

* P. J. Patterson (Jamaica)
* Guido de Marco (Malta)
* Rebecca Kadaga (Uganda)
* Baroness Valerie Amos (United Kingdom)
* Cheryl Carolus (South Africa)
* Yashwant Sinha (India)
* Tuiloma Neroni Slade (Samoa)
* Olivia MacAngus (Canada)
The committee was also attended by the Commonwealth Secretary-General Don McKinnon, Commonwealth Deputy Secretary-General Florence Mugasha, and Head of the Political Affairs Division, Matthew Neuhaus.

## Recommendations

The Committee's reported to the 2007 CHOGM in the name of all the members, without dissenting opinion. It was drafted by W. David McIntyre, who also served as a consultant to the Committee. The report supported the prevailing and existing requirements as established by the Edinburgh Declaration. It dictated that the core criteria for membership should be that countries:
* 'As a general rule', have historic constitutional connections with an existing member, or a 'substantial' relationship with the Commonwealth as an institution or a particular group of members.
* Accept the Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth principles.
* Demonstrate commitment to democracy, the rule of law, good governance, and protecting human rights and equality of opportunity.
* Use English as the language of Commonwealth relations.
* Recognise Queen Elizabeth II as Head of the Commonwealth.
The Committee also recommended that new members be 'encouraged' to join the Commonwealth Foundation and engage in the Commonwealth Family, but that they would not be required to do so.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 McIntyre, W. David (April 2008). "The Expansion of the Commonwealth and the Criteria for Membership". Round Table. 97 (395): 273–85. doi:10.1080/00358530801962089. S2CID 219623317.
* ↑ "Committee to meet on Commonwealth membership". Commonwealth Secretariat. 6 December 2006. Archived from the original on 5 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
* ↑ Soal, Judith (August 2007). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 96 (391): 395–413. doi:10.1080/00358530701564969. S2CID 219629130.
* 1 2 3 "Report on the Committee on Commonwealth Membership". Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from the original on 2009-04-26. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
# Cantlop Bridge

Cantlop Bridge is a single span cast-iron road bridge over the Cound Brook, located to the north of Cantlop in the parish of Berrington, Shropshire. It was constructed in 1818 to a design possibly by Thomas Telford, having at least been approved by him, and replaced an unsuccessful cast iron coach bridge constructed in 1812. The design of the bridge was innovative for the period, using a light-weight design of cast-iron lattice ribs to support the road deck in a single span, and appears to be a scaled-down version of a Thomas Telford bridge at Meole Brace, Shropshire. The bridge is the only surviving Telford-approved cast-iron bridge in Shropshire, and is a Grade II* listed building and scheduled monument. It originally carried the turnpike road from Shrewsbury to Acton Burnell.

## History and description

Thomas Telford worked as the county surveyor of Shropshire between 1787 and 1834, and the bridge is reported to have once held a cast iron plate above the centre of the arch inscribed with "Thomas Telford Esqr - Engineer - 1818", which is apparently visible in historic photographs, but has not been in place since at least 1985. The bridge design incorporates dressed red and grey sandstone abutments with ashlar dressings, these are slightly curved and ramped, with chamfered ashlar quoins, string courses, and moulded cornices. The structural cast-iron consists of a single segmental span with four arched lattice ribs, braced by five transverse cast-ironmembers. The road deck is formed from cast-iron metal deck plates, tarmacked over, and now finished with gravel. The original parapets have at some point been replaced with painted cast-iron railings with dograils, dogbars and shaped end balusters.

### Present-day

The bridge today remains as a monument only, being closed to vehicular traffic. It was bypassed by a more modern adjacent concrete bridge built in the 1970s. It is in the care of English Heritage and is freely accessible to pedestrians. A layby exists for visitors to park and there is an information board.