OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Current Shorthand

Current Shorthand was developed beginning in 1884 and published in 1892 by Dr. Henry Sweet. It shares some similarities with the Gregg system, with which Current is contemporary. It uses more ink than classical systems, and whether or not it is fit like them for sustained verbatim reporting has never been established.

## History and attributes

Sweet wished to produce a shorthand system which could replace longhand in most situations. For this reason Sweet proceeded to develop a shorthand which is a pure script which is easily written with any slant comfortable yet does not sacrifice legibility.
The system has two styles: orthographic and phonetic. The orthographic style is based on traditional English spelling, and so is easier to learn but slower to write. The phonetic style is based on the sounds of spoken language, and may be used for greater brevity. If the writer wishes, the two styles may be intermixed. Vowels are attached to the consonants and can, therefore, be omitted; the script is linear, like longhand, and can be easily adapted for use in printing.

## Reception

There is little evidence that Current Shorthand was publicly successful. George Bernard Shaw wrote in Pygmalion that the system's fatal flaw was Sweet's indifference to business, as well as the already established infrastructure of Pitman shorthand.
# Optimistic (Sounds of Blackness song)

"Optimistic" is a song by American vocal and instrumental ensemble Sounds of Blackness, recorded for their debut studio album The Evolution of Gospel (1991). It was written and produced by Gary Hines, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, and features vocals from Ann Bennett-Nesby, Carrie Harrington, Coré Cotton, Patricia Lacy, and Jamecia Bennett. The urban contemporary gospel song was released as the group's debut single and reached the top three on Billboard's Hot R&B Singles chart. A remake by August Greene featuring Brandy was released in 2018. Jadakiss also recorded a version of the song, titling it "Keep Ya Head Up". The song was included on his first album, Kiss Tha Game Goodbye.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Optimistic" :
| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 45 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Dance Club Songs (Billboard) | 17 |
# Opydorscus

Opydorscus fonsecae is a species of tardigrades. It is the only species in the genus Opydorscus, part of the family Halechiniscidae and the subfamily Orzeliscinae. The species has been found on the Brazilian coast of the South Atlantic Ocean. The genus and the species were named by Jeanne Renaud-Mornant in 1983.
# Ctenucha ruficeps

Ctenucha ruficeps is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1854. It is found in Mexico.
# Ctenucha subsemistria

Ctenucha subsemistria is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Argentina.
The wingspan is about 32 mm.
# Cusco District

Cusco is a district in the northern Cusco Province within the Cusco Region of Peru. It is bordered by districts of Ccorca and Poroy on the west, the provinces of Anta, the Calca, and Urubamba on the north, the San Jerónimo District on the east, and the districts of Santiago and San Sebastián to the south.

## Geography

One of the highest peaks of the district is Sinqa at 4,423 m (14,511 ft). Other mountains are listed below:
* Champa Kancha
* Ichhu K'uchu
* Muña Urqu
* Puka Muqu
* Puka Qaqa
* Quyqu
* Sirk'a
* Sirk'a Pata
* Wanakawri (Calca-Cusco)
* Wayna K'urkur
* Yana Qaqa
# Cychropsis tuberculipennis

Cychropsis tuberculipennis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily of Carabinae. It was described by Mandl in 1987.
# Cychropsis paramontana

Cychropsis paramontana is a species of black coloured ground beetle in the subfamily of Carabinae. It was described by Sehnal & Hackel in 2006 and is endemic to China.
# Curmudgeon

Curmudgeon may refer to:
* Dyskolos, sometimes translated The Curmudgeon, an ancient Greek comic play by Menander
* Curmudgeons (film), a 2016 short film
* Curmudgeon, b-side of Nirvana's Lithium single
# Cyperus echinatus

Cyperus echinatus is a species of plant in the sedge family. It is native to much of the eastern United States, primarily in the lower Mississippi Valley and the lowland plain east of the southern Appalachians, with scattered populations in Florida and as far north as Wisconsin and the Adirondacks. Additional isolated populations occur in southern Mexico. It is found in a variety of sunny, often mesic habitats.
# Cyperus eglobosus

Cyperus eglobosus is a species of sedge that is native to Queensland and New South Wales in eastern Australia.

## Description

Cyperus eglobosus is a small, tufted sedge that typically grows to a height of 20-50 cm. The stems are trigonous (three-angled) and smooth. The leaves are 1-2 mm wide and are arranged in a basal rosette. The inflorescence is a digitate cluster of 4-25 spikelets, without branches, or rarely a solitary spikelet.

## Distribution

The species is native to Queensland and New South Wales in eastern Australia. It mostly grows in the seasonally dry tropical biome, where it can be found in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, forests, and grasslands.

## Environment

Cyperus eglobosus is pollinated by insects. The fruits are dispersed by wind. The species is an important food source for a variety of animals, including birds, insects, and rodents.

## Conservation

Cyperus eglobosus is not considered to be at risk of extinction. However, it is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. The species is protected under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 and the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.
# Ormenans

Ormenans (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Oreopanax raimondii

Oreopanax raimondii is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is endemic to Peru.
# Cychrini

Cychrini is a tribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are about 6 genera and more than 300 described species in Cychrini.

## Genera

These six genera belong to the tribe Cychrini:
* Cychropsis Boileau, 1901 - China and the Indian subcontinent
* Cychrus Fabricius, 1794 - Holarctic
* Maoripamborus Brookes, 1944 - New Zealand
* Pamborus Latreille, 1812 - Australia
* Scaphinotus Dejean, 1826 - North America
* Sphaeroderus Dejean, 1826 - North America
# Cycetogamasus

Cycetogamasus is a genus of mites in the family Parasitidae.

## Species

* Cycetogamasus californicus (Banks, 1904)
* Cycetogamasus corculatus Athias-Henriot, 1980
* Cycetogamasus coreanus Athias-Henriot, 1980
* Cycetogamasus denticulatus (Tikhomirov, 1971)
* Cycetogamasus diviortus (Athias-Henriot, 1967)
* Cycetogamasus insolitus Athias-Henriot, 1980
* Cycetogamasus planeticus Hennessey & Farrier, 1989
* Cycetogamasus squamatus Athias-Henriot, 1980
# Oreta loochooana

Oreta loochooana is a moth in the family Drepanidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1902. It is found in Japan, Korea, mainland China, Taiwan and the Russian Far East.
The wingspan is 30–37 mm.
The larvae feed on the leaves of Viburnum odoratissimum and Viburnum luzonicus var. formosanum. Pupation takes place on the leaf surface.

## Subspecies

* Oreta loochooana loochooana (Taiwan, Korea, Russian Far East, Japan: Ryukyus, China: Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu)
* Oreta loochooana timutia Watson, 1967 (China: Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan)
# Oreta hoenei

Oreta hoenei is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Watson in 1967. It is found in China (Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan).

## Subspecies

* Oreta hoenei hoenei (China: Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu)
* Oreta hoenei inangulata Watson, 1967 (China: Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan)
* Oreta hoenei tienia Watson, 1967 (China: Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian)
# Oriental plover

The oriental plover (Anarhynchus veredus), also known as the oriental dotterel, is a medium-sized plover closely related to the Caspian plover. It breeds in parts of Mongolia and China, migrating southwards each year to spend its non-breeding season in Indonesia, New Guinea and northern Australia.

## Description

Adult male in breeding plumage: white face, throat and fore-crown; grey-brown hind-crown, hind-neck and back; belly white, demarcated with narrow black band and then broad chestnut breast band merging into white throat. Female, juvenile and non-breeding male: generally grey-brown upperparts and white belly; pale face with white streak above eye. Measurements: length 21–25 cm; wingspan 46–53 cm; weight 95 g. Among the red-breasted Charadrius plovers, this bird is relatively large, long-legged and long-winged.

## Distribution and habitat

Breeds in Mongolia, eastern Russia and Manchuria; migrates through eastern China and South-East Asia to Indonesia and northern Australia. Rare in New Guinea; straggler to New Zealand and Europe four times (Finland, Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands). The oriental plover breeds in dry steppes, deserts, arid grasslands and saltpans. Its non-breeding habitat includes grasslands, salt-fields and coastal areas.

## Food

The oriental plover feeds mainly on insects.

## Breeding

The breeding of this bird has not been much studied but it nests on the ground.

## Conservation

About 90% of the oriental plovers that make the long journey south overwinter in Australia and it has been estimated that there may be 160,000 individuals of this species. With a large range and no evidence of significant population decline, this species’ conservation status is rated by the IUCN as being of Least Concern.
# Customs Officer Bom

Customs Officer Bom (Swedish: Tull-Bom) is a 1951 Swedish comedy film directed by Lars-Eric Kjellgren and starring Nils Poppe, Inga Landgré and Gunnar Björnstrand.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Svenwall.

## Synopsis

A customs officer leads the search for a missing young woman.

## Cast

* Nils Poppe as Fabian Bom
* Inga Landgré as Frida
* Gunnar Björnstrand as Frans Melin, aka Hamn-Casanova
* Jan Molander as Urban Karlsson
* Marianne Löfgren as Aurora
* Harry Ahlin as Ingemar Berglund
* Fritiof Billquist as Johansson
* Ulla Norgren as Aina
* Nils Hallberg as Kalle Värst
* Alf Östlund as Skakis
* Olav Riégo as Head of Customs
* Arne Lindblad as Hugo Larsson
* Margit Andelius as Miss Agnelius, the new secretary
* Bisse Andersson as Dancer
* Eddy Andersson as French policeman
* Wiktor Andersson as Night watchman at the funfair
* Karin Appelberg-Sandberg as Tickert woman at the variety
* Gunwer Bergkvist as Young woman
* Barbro Boman as French singer at Coq d'Or in Le Havre
* Ivan Bousé as Jean, French smuggler
* Knut Burgh as Man with stockings to declare
* Nils Croona as Smuggler
* Doreen Denning as French girl
* Einar Eriksson as Waiter at Coq d'Or in Le Havre
* Michael Fant as Customs officer
* Siegfried Fischer as Archivist at the customs office
* Anna-Lisa Fröberg as Woman with cloth to declare
* Thomas Gistedt as Aurora's son
* Herman Greid as German
* Freddy Groneman as German customs officer
* Mary Gräber as American tourist's wife
* Emil Halberg as Danish customs officer
* Gustaf Hiort af Ornäs as Custom officer
* Karl-Arne Holmsten as Narrator (voice)
* Gösta Holmström as Policeman at the docks
* Ingemar Jacobsson as Policeman at the docks
* Gunnar Johansson as Policeman at warehouse no. 15
* Sten-Morris Johansson as Aurora's son
* Ludde Juberg as Traveller with a bottle to declare
* Sven-Lennart Karlsson as Aurora's son
* Arne Källerud Sailor on 'Stella'
* Torsten Lilliecrona as French prison guard
* Lennart Lindberg as First mate on 'Stella'
* Carl-Gustaf Lindstedt as Radio officer at 'Stella'
* Calle Lindström as Aurora's son
* Gösta Lycke as Swedish customs officer
* Börje Mellvig as French police inspector
* Börje Nyberg as Customs officer
* Verner Oakland as American tourist in a cabriolet
* John Roos as Dutch customs officer
* Birger Sahlberg as Man at the show at the funfair
* Walter Sarmell as A man
* Henrik Schartau as Sailor on 'Stella'
* Henrik Schildt as French policeman
* Gurli Swahn as Dancer
* Katarina Taikon as Girl at Coq d'Or in Le Havre
* Olle Teimert as Customs officer
* Carl-Mats Törnblom as Aurora's son
* Alexander von Baumgarten as Jacques, French smuggler
* Peter Winner as French prison guard
* Bo Wärff as Customs officer
* Fylgia Zadig as Sonja at 47:ans Café
* Curt 'Minimal' Åström as Desk clerk at the customs office
# Cyclohexanedimethanol

Cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) is a mixture of isomeric organic compounds with formula C$_6$H$_{10}$(CH$_2$OH)$_2$. It is a colorless low-melting solid used in the production of polyester resins. Commercial samples consist of a mixture of cis and trans isomers. It is a di-substituted derivative of cyclohexane and is classified as a diol, meaning that it has two OH functional groups. Commercial CHDM typically has a cis/trans ratio of 30:70.

## Production

CHDM is produced by catalytic hydrogenation of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). The reaction conducted in two steps beginning with the conversion of DMT to the diester dimethyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DMCD):
    C$_6$H$_4$(CO$_2$CH$_3$)$_2$ + 3 H$_2$ → C$_6$H$_{10}$(CO$_2$CH$_3$)$_2$
In the second step DMCD is further hydrogenated to CHDM:
    C$_6$H$_{10}$(CO$_2$CH$_3$)$_2$ + 4 H$_2$ → C$_6$H$_{10}$(CH$_2$OH)$_2$ + 2 CH$_3$OH
A copper chromite catalyst is usually used industrially. The cis/trans ratio of the CHDM is affected by the catalyst.
Byproduct of this process are 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (CH$_3$C$_6$H$_{10}$CH$_2$OH) and the monoester methyl 4-methyl-4-cyclohexanecarboxylate (CH$_3$C$_6$H$_{10}$CO$_2$CH$_3$, CAS registry number 51181-40-9). The leading producers in CHDM are Eastman Chemical in US and SK Chemicals in South Korea.

## Applications

Via the process called polycondensation, CHDM is a precursor to polyesters. It is one of the most important comonomers for production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polyethylene terephthalic ester (PETE), from which plastic bottles are made. In addition it maybe spun to form carpet fibers.
Thermoplastic polyesters containing CHDM exhibit enhanced strength, clarity, and solvent resistance. The properties of the polyesters vary from the high melting crystalline poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate), PCT, to the non-crystalline copolyesters derived from both ethylene glycol and CHDM. The properties of these polyesters also is affected by the cis/trans ratio of the CHDM monomer.
CHDM reduces the degree of crystallinity of PET homopolymer, improving its processability. The copolymer tends to resist degradation, e.g. to acetaldehyde. The copolymer with PET is known as glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate, PETG. PETG is used in many fields, including electronics, automobiles, barrier, and medical, etc.
CHDM is a raw material for the production of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol diglycidyl ether, an epoxy diluent. The key use for this diglycidyl ether is to reduce the viscosity of epoxy resins.
# Cyclotorna monocentra

Cyclotorna monocentra is a moth of the family Cyclotornidae. It is found in Australia.
# Orpecacantha multispina

Orpecacantha multispina is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by László Anthony Gozmány in 2008. It is found in Iran.
# Orpe (surname)

Orpe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Michelle Orpe, British TV presenter, columnist and poker personality
* Tom Orpe (1900–?), English footballer
# Cyphokentia

Cyphokentia is a genus of flowering plant in the palm family endemic to New Caledonia. the genus is named from two Greek words meaning "tumor" and "Kentia", a former palm genus, and the species name translates to "large" and "spike", describing the inflorescence. The genus has two known species and Its closest relative is Clinosperma, also endemic to New Caledonia, and the sole other genus of the subtribe Clinospermatinae.

## List of species

* Cyphokentia cerifera (H.E.Moore) Pintaud & W.J.Baker
* Cyphokentia macrostachya Pancher ex Brongn.
# Cypholomia amphiaula

Cypholomia amphiaula is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1934. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Orsamus H. Marshall

Orsamus Holmes Marshall (1813–1884) was an American lawyer, educator and historian.

## Biography

Orsamus H. Marshall was born in Franklin, Connecticut on February 1, 1813. In 1831 he graduated from Union College. He then studied for the bar, to which he was admitted in 1834. That year, he opened a law office in Buffalo, NY which later became Phillips Lytle LLP. He was one of the founders of the Buffalo Female Academy and of the Buffalo Historical Society. He also served several years as chancellor of the University of Buffalo. He wrote much in connection with the Iroquois dealings with European Americans. Posthumously there appeared a volume entitled Historical Writings of Orsamus H. Marshall Relating to the Early History of the West (1887).
He died at his home in Buffalo on July 9, 1884.
# Oriental Orthodoxy in Norway

There is a fast-growing Oriental Church in Bergen, Norway, named Saint Michael's Orthodox Church, with 147 members in 2010 (up from 98 in 2009). It is almost exclusively made up of Ethiopians and Eritreans. The number of Eritreans in Norway grew from 813 in 2000 to 7,728 in 2010, while the number of Ethiopians grew from 2,803 to 5,805.
# Czech Boys Choir

The Czech Boys Choir from the town of Hradec Králové in East Bohemia, maintains the famous traditions of boychoir singing in the Czech territory as it began in the 13th century with the first boys’ choir at the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague. Founding artistic director, Jakub Martinec, began singing as a child with the first boys’ choir established in the region by Jiri and Kveta Skopal in 1982.

## Bio

The Czech Boys Choir organization provides artistic training for boys from the age of three to adult, and consists of the professional touring SATB concert choir, the Young Men's Ensemble and the training choir Zpěváček.
The choir regularly records for TV and radio, performs concerts in the Czech Republic and abroad, collaborates with renowned artists, ensembles and orchestras. Their repertoire includes both traditional and modern works of both Czech and international composers from all musical periods, large choral works, chamber music, folk songs and traditionals, contemporary music or choral arrangements of popular songs. The Czech Boys Choir is recognized for its stable sound quality created by uniform voice training. The young musical ambassadors of the Czech Republic enjoy singing and bringing joy to the audiences around the whole world.

## Conductors and Pianists

Artistic Advisor, former Conductor and Founding Artistic Director is Jakub Martinec, new conductor for season 2013/2014 is Lukáš Jindřich. Training choir Zpevacek leads choirmaster Simona Hlavata. The concert choir closely cooperates with pianist Martin Fišl.

## Gallery

* The Czech Boys Choir with Jakub Martinec (2010)
* The Czech Boys Choir in the Czech TV (2011)
# Cycas arnhemica

Cycas arnhemica is a species of cycad in the genus Cycas, native to Australia, in the northwest of Northern Territory in Arnhem Land, after which it is named.
The stems are erect, growing to 1.5-2.5 m tall. The leaves are numerous, flat, 70–160 cm long, pinnate, with 160-260 leaflets; the new young leaves are deep white tomentose at first, becoming bright to dark green, moderately glossy above, the down often persisting on the underside.
There are three subspecies:
* Cycas arnhemica subsp. arnhemica. Leaflets broad, 5-6.5 mm wide.
* Cycas arnhemica subsp. muninga. Leaflets slender, 3.5-5.5 mm wide; seeds over 32 mm wide.
* Cycas arnhemica subsp. natja. Leaflets slender, 3.5-5.5 mm wide; seeds under 32 mm wide.
The female cones are open, 15–24 cm long, with grey sporophylls and orange hairs, with two to six ovules per sporophyll. Triangular lamina, toothed, with an apical spine. The seeds are 28–32 mm long and 25–29 mm broad, with an orange sarcotesta when ripe. The male cones solitary, ovoid, 18–36 cm long and 6.5–12 cm diameter, also covered in orange hairs.

## Habitat

This cycad, like Cycas arenicola, is common amongst the Eucalyptus woodlands and savanna grasslands. Found only around the Goyder River and the lower Blyth River in Arnhem land, it has a somewhat restricted distribution.
First described in 1994, it is most closely related to Cycas maconochiei. The grass fires that are so beneficial to Cycas armstrongii, seem to do some damage to this species populations. With these grass fires, many seeds are easily killed off, as are seedlings in these ever more common events. However, the conservation status is considered stable due to its inhospitable habitat and healthy number of individuals.
# Cyrtidula

Cyrtidula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis).

## Species

As of July 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept five species of Cyrtidula:
* Cyrtidula hippocastani (DC.) R.C.Harris (1995)
* Cyrtidula larigna (Lambotte & Fautrey) Höhn. (1927)
* Cyrtidula major (Nyl.) Vain. (1921)
* Cyrtidula quercus (A.Massal.) Minks (1891)
* Cyrtidula subcembrina (Anzi) Minks (1891)
# Oreosyce

Oreosyce africana is a species of flowering plant in the cucumber family, Cucurbitaceae. It is the sole species in genus Oreosyce. It is a climber native to sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, ranging from Bioko and Cameroon to the west to Ethiopia to the northeast and Limpopo Province of South Africa to the south.
# Cəfərli, Imishli

Cəfərli (also, Jafarli and Jafarly) is a village and municipality in the Imishli District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,509. The municipality consists of the villages of Cəfərli and Hacımustafalı.
# Cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase

Cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.14, arylamidase, aminopolypeptidase, thiol-activated aminopeptidase, human liver aminopeptidase, puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, soluble alanyl aminopeptidase, cytosol aminopeptidase III, alanine aminopeptidase) is an enzyme.
This enzyme catalyses the release of an N-terminal amino acid, preferentially alanine, from a wide range of peptides, amides and arylamides.
This puromycin-sensitive enzyme is a Co$^{2+}$-activated zinc-sialoglycoprotein.
# Cymene

Cymene describes organic compounds with the formula CH$_3$C$_6$H$_4$CH(CH$_3$)$_2$. Three isomers exist: 1,2- 1,3-, and 1,4-. All are colorless liquids, immiscible in water, with similar boiling points. They are classified are aromatic hydrocarbons. The bearing two substituents: an isopropyl (CH(CH$_3$)$_2$) group and a methyl group.
Cymenes :
| Name | o-Cymene | m-Cymene | p-Cymene |
| Structural formula | | | |
| CAS number | 527-84-4 | 535-77-3 | 99-87-6 |
| melting point | -71.54 | -63.75 | -67.94 |
| boiling point (°C) | 178.15 | 175.05 | 177.10 |

## Production and reactions

m- and p-Cymene are prepared by alkylation of toluene with propylene:
    CH$_3$C$_6$H$_5$ + 2 CH$_3$CH=CH$_2$ → CH$_3$C$_6$H$_4$CH(CH$_3$)$_2$
These alkylations are catalyzed by various Lewis acids, such as aluminium trichloride.
m- and p-Cymene are mainly of interest as precursors to the respective cresols, which exploits the Hock rearrangements.
# Oreovica (Pirot)

Oreovica is a village in the municipality of Pirot, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 128 people.
# Orere Point Regional Park

Orere Point Regional Park is a regional park situated south-east of Auckland in New Zealand's North Island. It is owned and operated by Auckland Council. It is located in Ōrere Point in Franklin, in the Auckland Region.