OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clive Oppenheimer

Clive Oppenheimer (born 1964) is a British volcanologist, and Professor of Volcanology in the Department of Geography of the University of Cambridge.

## Education

Oppenheimer studied the Natural Sciences Tripos at the University of Cambridge where he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1986. He has a PhD from the Open University, his thesis investigated the use of remote sensing in volcanology and was supervised by Peter Francis and David Rothery.

## Career and research

Oppenheimer's research interests are in volcanology and geochemistry, particularly in Antarctica. He has spent 13 seasons doing field work on Mount Erebus in Antarctica. In addition to his volcanological work he discovered two previously lost campsites used by a group of explorers from Scott's Terra Nova expedition in 1912, now recognised as protected sites under the Antarctic Treaty System.
In 2011, the Government of North Korea invited him, his PhD student Kayla Iacovino, and volcanologist James Hammond of Imperial College, London to study the Baekdu Mountain for recent volcanic activity. Their project was continuing in 2014 and expected to last for another "two or three years".
He is a member of the Cambridge Volcanology unit.

### Media appearances

Oppenheimer has appeared on BBC Radio 4's The Museum of Curiosity. His hypothetical donation to this imaginary museum was a small tin of magma. He has also appeared on The Infinite Monkey Cage alongside Jo Brand and Tamsin Mather and Midweek and In Our Time on BBC Radio 4.
Oppenheimer has also collaborated with filmmaker Werner Herzog on three documentaries. He appeared in Herzog's films Encounters at the End of the World and is prominently featured Into the Inferno. In 2020, he made his directorial debut with his third Herzog film, Fireball: Visitors from Darker Worlds, which Oppenheimer and Herzog co-directed.

### Awards and honours

In 2005 he was awarded the Murchison Award by the Royal Geographical Society “for publications judged to contribute most to geographical science in preceding recent years”.

### Selected publications

His publications include Eruptions that Shook the World which formed the basis of the 2016 film Into the Inferno directed by Werner Herzog. In 2023, Hodder Press published Mountains of Fire: The Secret Lives of Volcanoes. Writing for Literary Review, John Gribbin said: "This...is neither a dry academic account of his research nor a standard popularisation. Instead, Oppenheimer weaves together science, history and culture into a book that is far greater than the sum of its parts."
* Eruptions that Shook the World
* Volcanoes by Peter Francis and Clive Oppenheimer
* Volcanism and the Earth's Atmosphere
* Volcanic Degassing
# Catorce de Noviembre

Catorce de Noviembre is a corregimiento in Río de Jesús District, Veraguas Province, Panama with a population of 787 as of 2010. It was created by Law 58 of July 29, 1998, owing to the Declaration of Unconstitutionality of Law 1 of 1982. Its population as of 2000 was 829.
# Pericampylus

Pericampylus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Menispermaceae.
Its native range is Tropical and Temperate Asia.
Species:
* Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr.
* Pericampylus macrophyllus Forman
# Solar Soul

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Rock Hard | 8/10 |
Solar Soul is the seventh album by the Swiss heavy metal band Samael, released on 1 June 2007 through Nuclear Blast.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Vorph; all music is composed by Xy

## Personnel
### Samael

* Vorph – guitar, vocals
* Xy – keyboard, drums, programming, production
* Mas – bass
* Makro – guitar

### Additional musicians

* Sami Yli-Sirniö – sitar (10)
* Vibeke Stene – vocals (7)

### Technical personnel

* Waldemar Sorychta – production
* D-Teck – engineering
* Stéphane Loup – engineering
* Stefan Glaumann – mixing
* Tor Ingvarsson – Pro Tools assistant
* Henrik Jonsson – mastering
* Patrick Pidoux – front cover, additional graphics
* Edi Maurer – portraits
* Petri de Pità – band picture
* Carsten Drescher – layouts

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 158 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 41 |
# Boundary Bay, British Columbia

Named for, and located adjacent to the bay of the same name, Boundary Bay is a residential neighbourhood in the community of Tsawwassen (Delta, British Columbia, Canada). Directly south of the neighbourhood, and across the international border, is the residential neighbourhood of Maple Beach, Washington, in Point Roberts, Washington. The traditional name of the location in the Downriver dialect of the Halkomelem language is Chiltinm or Chiltenm. The Boundary Bay Airport is a notable inclusion in this area.
# Journal of Cluster Science

The Journal of Cluster Science is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of cluster science, including nanoclusters and nanoparticles. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media and the co-editors-in-chief are Tim Prior, Boon Teo, and Gareth Williams.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Chemical Abstracts Service/CASSI
* Science Citation Index
* Scopus
* Academic OneFile
* Astrophysics Data System
* GeoRef
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.061.
# Bonnie Schwartz

Bonnie D. Schwartz is an experimental linguist, specializing in generative approaches to second language acquisition. She is currently a professor in the Department of Second Language Studies at the University of Hawaii.
Schwartz received her PhD in 1987 from the University of Southern California, supervised by Stephen Krashen.
Schwartz's work has focused on the nature of second language acquisition, arguing for full transfer of the first language grammar as the initial state of the second language grammar. More recently, her work has come to focus on child second language acquisition, and how it may differ from that of adults. She co-founded two conferences, Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition (GALA), and its North American counterpart (GALANA).

## Key publications

* (2007) Schwartz, B.D. "The L2 child as arbitrator." Studies in Language Sciences 6: 3-30.
* (1998) Schwartz, B.D. "The second language instinct." Lingua 106:133-60.
* (1996) Schwartz, B.D. & R.A. Sprouse. "L2 cognitive states and the Full Transfer/Full Access model." Second Language Research 12.1: 40–72.
# Omroep Zeeland

Omroep Zeeland is a public broadcaster located in Zeeland, Netherlands. Founded in 1988, the media organization is active in television, radio, and internet. The audience is on average slightly older than that of the other Dutch regional broadcasters.

## History

Omroep Zeeland was founded in 1988 after being in the pipeline since 1965. It launched its radio broadcasts on 1 January 1990. Its building, located in Oost-Souburg, served until 1996 as municipality seat of Oost- en West-Souburg. Omroep Zeeland launched its television broadcasts on 1 October 1997. In 2000, after it filmed riots by football supporters of the Dutch national team in Middelburg, Omroep Zeeland surrendered its film material under severe pressure to the Dutch police.
In 2007, Flip Feij retired as founding director and chief editor and was replaced by Monique Schoonen and Edwin Laar in his respective positions. A plan to move to Vlissing's historic Timmerfabriek was dropped in 2012. In March 2012, the website of Omroep Zeeland was contaminated with a Trojan malware for about an hour and blocked by Google for about 12 hours. The virus was reported to be a variant of Zeus malware that may have entered through an advertiser. Over 2012, the average daily reach was 25% for its television broadcasts and 15% for its radio station. In 2013, it partnered with the Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant, especially in the domain of internet reporting.
Budget cuts in the 2010s largely affected the organization. Since 2016, Omroep Zeeland TV can be received in HD resolution via cable networks. In 2017, the Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij was upset over Omroep Zeeland's annual report that contained, according to SGP, profanity in Zeelandic in its title. Also in 2017, Omroep Zeeland's TV channel was again found to be more popular than its radio channel. Exposure rate for the radio was 14%, just 1 point percent down since 2012. In 2019, Omroep Zeeland's satellite broadcast was ceased due to high costs. In the late 2010s, a drunken editor was fired after groping two female colleagues at an employee party.

## Notable personalities

* Carolyn Lilipaly, former TV news host
# Castello Cabiaglio

Castello Cabiaglio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 548 and an area of 7.1 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi).
Castello Cabiaglio borders the following municipalities: Barasso, Brinzio, Comerio, Cuveglio, Cuvio, Luvinate, Rancio Valcuvia, Varese.
# Pentrecelyn

Pentrecelyn is a rural village in Denbighshire, North East Wales just off the A525 between Ruthin and Wrexham. The village can be located by turning off the A525 at Llysfasi college and heading towards Graigfechan.
# Encephalartos hirsutus

Encephalartos hirsutus is a species of cycad that is native to Limpopo Province of South Africa. It was recorded from three separate localities on south-east-facing quartzite cliffs in the Makuya Nature Reserve bordering the Kruger National Park at elevations ranging from 800–1,000 meters (2,600–3,300 ft) above sea level.
As of 2020, it is assumed there are up to 10 individuals in the wild.

## Description

It is an arborescent cycad, with an erect stem, which becomes decumbent in older specimens, up to 4 m (13 ft) high and with a diameter of 35–40 cm (14–16 in). The leaves, pinnate, arranged in a crown at the apex of the stem, are 1.1–1.4 m (3 ft 7 in – 4 ft 7 in) long, supported by a petiole about 13 cm (5.1 in) long, and composed of numerous pairs of elliptic leaflets and coriaceous, long 13–17 cm (5.1–6.7 in), with entire margin and thorny apex, fixed on the rachis with an angle of about 40°, reduced to thorns towards the base of the petiole. It is a dioecious species, with male specimens that have from 2 to 5 cylindrical-ovoid cones, erect, about 50 cm (20 in) long and 9 cm (3.5 in) broad, and female specimens with 1–3 ovoid cones, about 40 cm (16 in) long and 35 cm (14 in) broad, of glaucous green color, glabrous. The seeds are coarsely ovoid, 3–3.5 cm (1.2–1.4 in) long, covered with an orange-red sarcotesta.

## Threats

This species has effectively been extirpated in the wild due to over-collecting for ornamental purposes.

## Gallery

* Trunk
* Leaves
# Chi Lăng (disambiguation)

Chi Lăng is the name of several places in Vietnam. The name was derived from Chi Lăng pass in current-day Lạng Sơn Province, which was the site of many battles between feudal Vietnam and northern armies.
* Chi Lăng District, a rural district of Lạng Sơn Province
* Chi Lăng, Gia Lai [vi], a ward of Pleiku
* Chi Lăng, Lạng Sơn City [vi], a ward of Lạng Sơn City
* Chi Lăng, An Giang, a township of Tịnh Biên District
* Chi Lăng (township of Chi Lăng District) [vi], a township of Chi Lăng District
* Chi Lăng, Bắc Ninh [vi], a rural commune of Quế Võ District
* Chi Lăng (commune of Chi Lăng District) [vi], a rural commune of Chi Lăng District
* Chi Lăng, Tràng Định [vi], a rural commune of Tràng Định District, Lạng Sơn Province
* Chi Lăng, Thái Bình [vi], a rural commune of Hưng Hà District

## Other uses

* Chi Lăng Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium in Đà Nẵng
# Rudnick

Rudnick is a surname. People with this surname include:
* Bryan G. Rudnick, American political public relations consultant
* Dorothea Rudnick (1907–1990), American biologist and scientific editor
* Elynor Rudnick (1923–1996), American aviator
* Irene Krugman Rudnick (1929–2019), American lawyer and politician
* Josef Rudnick (1917–2009), German businessman and politician
* Joseph Rudnick (born 1944), American physicist
* Joel Rudnick (born 1936), American painter and sculptor
* Paul Rudnick (born 1957), American writer
* Roberta Rudnick (born 1958), American earth scientist
* Steve Rudnick, American screenwriter
* Zeev Rudnick (born 1961), Israeli mathematician
# Bill Dow (cricketer)

William David Fraser Dow (born 27 November 1933) is a former Scottish cricketer. A right arm paceman, he took 34 wickets for Scotland.
Dow was born at Glasgow. He played a County Championship game for Essex against Kent during the 1959 season but went wicketless. For his club side Clydesdale he managed 1393 runs and 245 wickets.
# Borbona

Borbona is a comune (municipality) in the province of Rieti, in the Italian region of Latium, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Rome and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Rieti.
Borbona borders the following municipalities: Antrodoco, Cagnano Amiterno, Cittareale, Micigliano, Montereale, Posta.
# Craig Rhos-y-felin

Craig Rhos-y-felin is a rocky outcrop on the north side of the Preseli Mountains in Wales, which is designated as a RIGS site on the basis of its geological and geomorphological interest. It is accepted by some in the archaeological community that it is the site of a quarry, used together with one at Carn Goedog, for gathering stones used at Stonehenge, most notably as the source of some of the foliated rhyolite found in the Stonehenge "debitage". This is disputed by others, who believe that all of the features at the site, apart from evidence of intermittent occupation over a long period, are of natural origin. Some believe that the site was used as a quarry in both the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, around 4000 to 5000 years ago, and the rock's shape, like a pillar, allowed the stones to be quarried with relative ease compared to stones taken from other places. Others argue that if prehistoric men had wanted to obtain monoliths for use as standing stones, all they had to do was collect them from the abundant glacial erratics littering the landscape.
Craig Rhos-y-felin was first claimed to be the site of a quarry in 2011. The cited evidence was disputed in two journal articles published in 2015 by Brian John, Dyfed Elis-Gruffydd and John Downes.
# Claybrook House

Claybrook House is a Grade II listed house at 136 New King's Road, Fulham, London.

## History

It was built in the early 18th century, and the architect is not known. From 1811 to 1816 (at least), it must have been a school as the diarist Louisa Bain was educated there from the age of seven to twelve.
It is next door to Northumberland House.
# Sheen (film)

Sheen (Kashmiri/Sanskrit: Snow) is a 2004 Indian Bollywood film produced and directed by Ashok Pandit. It stars Raj Babbar, Tarun Arora and Sheen in pivotal roles.The film deals with the plight of the Kashmiri Pandits, who fled their homes as refugees in the light of the Kashmir insurgency.

## Cast

* Raj Babbar as Pandit Amarnath
* Tarun Arora as Mannu
* Sheen as Samreen Zaidi
* Anup Soni
* Kiran Juneja
* Mukesh Rishi

## Soundtrack

The music for the film is composed by Nadeem-Shravan.
| # | Title | Singer(s) |
| 1 | "Tum Dua Karo" | Kumar Sanu, Neerja Pandit |
| 2 | "Yeh To Kashmir Hai" | Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik |
| 3 | "Sahara Chahiye" | Amin Sabri, Farid Sabri |
| 4 | "Aao Jannat Mein" | Kumar Sanu, Mohammed Aziz, Udit Narayan, Shreya Ghoshal, Neerja Pandit |
| 5 | "Main Ladki Kashmir Ki" | Kavita Krishnamurthy |
| 6 | "O Sanam Kuja Beri" | Sonu Nigam, Sapna Mukherjee |
| 7 | "Sheen Theme" (Instrumental) | |

## Release and Reception

A special screening of the film was held at Human Rights Violation Conference in Geneva on 8 April 2004. The film was released theatrically in India on 7 May 2004.
Taran Adarsh of IndiaFM gave the film 1.5 stars out of 5, writing ″If SHEEN belongs to anyone, it's Raj Babbar who delivers a knock-out performance. The veteran seems to be in form after a long, long time and has been offered a role where he can sink his teeth into. The helplessness of a father and that of being uprooted is performed in the most convincing manner by the actor. Anoop Soni as the terrorist leaves an equally strong impression. Sheen makes a confident debut. Tarun Arora draws a blank this time around. He gets no scope at all. Kiran Juneja and Samay Pandit are adequate. On the whole, SHEEN will meet with diverse reactions - a few might empathize with the issue, while others may not really want to reopen the wounds.
# Pentre Maelor

Pentre Maelor is a housing estate near Wrexham Industrial Estate in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. In the 2011 census, its built-up area had a population of 305.
The village is part of the community of Abenbury, and forms the majority of the community's population. The River Clywedog flows just south of the village. Pentre Maelor was established in 1947 as a housing estate to provide accommodation for workers from factories in the area. The village has retained its original layout, which consists of a rectangular central lock and connected 'wings' of houses, each of which is built around a green space. One of those green spaces located in the centre of the estate, is an Owain Glyndwr Field protected by Fields in Trust, and operated by Wrexham County Borough Council.

## History

The housing estate was originally known as "Pilgrim's Place", as the area served as a burial place for non-conformists who were not allowed a burial at Wrexham Cemetery. The first non-conformist to be buried was J Lloyd of Bryn Agog Hall of which the area surrounding his grave was given the name.
During World War II, the UK Government built a Royal Ordnance Factory in the area, producing cordite, for use in firing shells. Following the war, the area was developed into a trading estate when the land came under the ownership of the Board of Trade. The first factories on the estate, were built for Courtaulds, Johnson & Johnson and British Tissue. Pentre Maelor was developed as a housing estate to accommodate these factory workers. The housing estate was built in 1947 by Edward Gittings and the first residents moved in by 1948.
HM Prison Berwyn was built in 2017, to a short distance north-east of the housing estate. Prior to its eventual construction, residents of the estate were consulted on the proposals.
# Trojan horse (business)

In business, a trojan horse is an advertising offer made by a company that is designed to draw potential customers by offering them cash or something of value for acceptance, but following acceptance, the buyer is forced to spend a much larger amount of money, either by being signed into a lengthy contract, from which exit is difficult, or by having money automatically drawn in some other method. The harmful consequences faced by the customer may include spending far above market rate, large amount of debt, or identity theft.
The term, which originated in New England during the 2000s, and has spread to some other parts of the United States, is also sometimes misused in reference to an item offered seemingly at a bargain price. But through fine print and other hidden trick, the item is ultimately sold at above market rate.
Some of the items involved in trojan horse sales include cash, gift cards or merchandise viewed as a high-ticket item, but the item actually being given away is made cheaply, has a very low value, and does not satisfy the expectations of the recipient. Meanwhile, the victim of the trojan horse is likely to end up spending far more money over time, either through continual withdrawals from the customer's bank account, charges to a debit or credit card, or add-ons to a bill that must be paid in order to avoid loss of an object or service of prime importance (such as a house, car, or phone line).
Victims of trojan horses include poor people or those who are searching for bargains or the best price on an item. Many of these victims end up with overdrawn accounts or over-the-limit on their credit cards due to fees that are automatically charged.
Some of the businesses using trojan horse marketing include banks, internet and cell phone service providers, record and book clubs and other companies in which the customer will be expected to have a continuing relationship. Banks often offer cash initially for opening an account, but later charge fees in much larger amounts to the account holder. Auto-manufacturers and car dealerships will often advertise free or subsidized gas to car buyers for a certain amount of time, but increase the cost of the car in other ways. Cell phone companies use trojan horse marketing by attempting to sell items like ringtones to customers, who unknowingly are sold many more ringtones over time.
# Chevak Airport

Chevak Airport (IATA: VAK, ICAO: PAVA, FAA LID: VAK) is a publicly owned airport located one mile (1.6 km) north of the central business district of Chevak, a city in the Kusilvak Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. The airport is owned by the state.

## Facilities

Chevak Airport has one runway and one seaplane landing area:
* Runway 14/32: 2,680 x 50 ft. (817 x 15 m), surface: gravel
* Runway 18W/36W: 2,000 x 400 ft. (610 x 122 m), surface: water
| Dimension: | 3200 x 75 ft / 975.4 x 22.9 m |
| Surface: | GRVL, Fair Condition RY USED AS ROAD. FIRST 200 FT OF RY02 ROUGH. |
| Edge Lights: | Medium |
| | Runway 02 | Runway 20 |
| Longitude: | 165-36-21.2000W | 165-35-45.2212W |
| Latitude: | 61-32-13.8312N | 61-32-40.2536N |
| Elevation: | 35.00 ft | 47.00 ft |
| Alignment: | 33 | 127 |
| Traffic Pattern: | Left | Left |
| Crossing Height: | 25.00 ft | 25.00 ft |
| VASI: | 4-light PAPI on left side | 4-light PAPI on left side |
| Visual Glide Angle: | 3.00° | 3.00° |
| Runway End Identifier: | Yes | Yes |

### Runway 18W/36W

| Dimension: | 2000 x 400 ft / 609.6 x 121.9 m |
| Surface: | WATER, RY USED AS ROAD. FIRST 200 FT OF RY02 ROUGH. |
| | Runway 18W | Runway 36W |
| Traffic Pattern: | Left | Left |

## Radio Navigation Aids

| ID | Type | Name | Ch | Freq | Var | Dist |
| CZF | NDB/DME | Cape Romanzof | 114Y | 275.00 | 13E | 18.3 nm |
| HPB | VOR/DME | Hooper Bay | 099X | 115.20 | 13E | 15.4 nm |

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Grant Aviation | Bethel |
| Ryan Air | Bethel, Hooper Bay, Scammon Bay |
Prior to its bankruptcy and cessation of all operations, Ravn Alaska served the airport from multiple locations.

### Statistics

Top domestic destinations: January – December 2015 Top destinations :
| Rank | City | Airport | Passengers | Carriers |
| 1 | Bethel, AK | Bethel Airport | 4,870 | Grant, Hageland |
| 2 | Hooper Bay, AK | Hooper Bay Airport | 780 | Grant |
| 3 | Scammon Bay, AK | Scammon Bay Airport | 190 | |
| 4 | Newtok, AK | Newtok Airport | 70 | |
| 5 | St. Mary's, AK | St. Mary's Airport | 50 | |
| 6 | Chefornak, AK | Chefornak Airport | 10 | |
| | Platinum, AK | Platinum Airport | 10 | |
| | Emmonak, AK | Emmonak Airport | 10 | |
| | Unalakleet, AK | Unalakleet Airport | 10 | |
| | Eek, AK | Eek Airport | 10 | |
# Boudigau

The Boudigau (French pronunciation:) is a coastal river of the Landes, in Aquitaine, Southwest France. It is 24.5 km (15.2 mi) long.
It collects waters of the Orx marsh, in Maremne, and flows north behind the dunes fronting the Atlantic Ocean. It flows into the sea, between Capbreton and Hossegor, through the old estuary of the Adour, an estuary which is shared by another coastal river, the Bourret.
Owing to this estuary, Capbreton is the only port between Bayonne and Arcachon. Formerly a fishing port, Capbreton is today more of a resort.

## Départements and towns

* Landes: Labenne, Capbreton, Hossegor