OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vascularity

Vascularity, in bodybuilding, is the condition of having many highly visible, prominent, and often extensively-ramified superficial veins. The skin appears "thin"—sometimes virtually transparent—due to an extreme reduction of subcutaneous fat, allowing for maximum muscle definition.
Vascularity is enhanced by extremely low body fat (usually below 10%) and low retained water, as well as the muscle engorgement ("pump") and venous distension accentuated by the vigorous flexing and potentially hazardous Valsalva effect which characterize competitive posing. Genetics and androgenic hormones will affect vascularity, as will ambient temperature. Additionally, although some bodybuilders develop arterial hypertension from performance-enhancing substances and practices, "high" venous pressure—being an order of magnitude lower than that of arteries— neither causes nor is caused by vascularity. Some bodybuilders use topical vasodilators to increase blood flow to the skin as well. Although historically controversial, vascularity is a highly-sought-after aesthetic for many male bodybuilders, but less so for female bodybuilders, where the target aesthetic is relatively more towards aesthetic symmetry than extreme development.
Bodybuilders or athletes sometimes dehydrate themselves a few days before a competition or show to achieve this so-called "ripped," vascular look. Self-dehydration is not recommended by medical professionals, as the negative and sometimes-fatal effects of the resultant water-electrolyte imbalances are well documented.
# Chale Island

Chale Island is a headland rather than an island, located at the northern end of Msambweni Bay in Kwale County in southeastern Kenya. Originally, "Chale" was the name of a Digo warrior. Chale was buried on this island after passing away. Chale Island is known as a sacred kaya (worshipping place) by the locals.
For beach enthusiasts, this exclusive sandy island is the absolute dream location. Chale Island is a tropical haven with mangrove forests and green coral reefs as its lush green vegetation. Additionally, while on the island, visitors can enjoy beautiful views of the Indian Ocean's blue-green waters, which are equally as beautiful as the island itself. The island's intensely beautiful views go well with the opulent Italian, Oriental, and Swahili cuisines. You can experience a lovely atmosphere by traveling to this peaceful Island.
The island is largely renowned for its breathtaking and serene sandy beaches, as the name would imply. The large beach, which is located in the island's northeast, is located 175 meters from the resort's front and is 70 meters deep. On this portion of the island, breathtaking coral reefs may be discovered around 750 meters from the gorgeous beach. Additionally, you may see the many and healing tidal flows that wash over the reef from this location. The beach on the eastern side of the island, which looks out over Gazi Town, is the ideal location to see mangrove woods that link to Gazi Bay. The beach on the southeast side is 100 meters long and roughly 50 meters deep. A substantial mangrove forest that leads to the Gulf of Gavi is also located on the western side of the island.
# Parkhead, Edinburgh

Parkhead is a residential area of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It was one of the smallest wards in the Edinburgh City Council before a reorganisation into larger multi-member wards in 2007; since then it has been part of the Sighthill/Gorgie ward.
Located about 4 miles (6.4 km) south-west of the city centre, the area was built in 1940s and contains low-rise houses, mainly in the cottage flat (four-in-a-block) format with Art Deco features and unique red roofs. Parkhead is bounded to the north by the A71 Calder Road (with the Fairbrae and Broomhouse neighbourhoods beyond), to the east by Longstone Road and a development at 'The Green' completed in 2021, to the west by Sighthill, and to the south by Murrayburn Road (opposite the Lothian Buses Longstone Depot, as well as the Murrayburn Depot which in 2019 has been secured for the future housing development of around 200 units).

## Sources

* ↑ Electoral Ward: Sighthill/Gorgie, Scottish Government Statistics
* ↑ The Green, Homes To Buy
* ↑ S. Moir, Stephen (6 December 2019). "Murrayburn Depot, Murrayburn Road, Edinburgh" (PDF).
# Rock House

Rock House, Rockhouse, Old Rock House or variations may refer to:

## Places
### United States

(by state)
* Old Rock House (Harpersville, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Shelby County, Alabama
* Rock House, Arizona, a census-designated place in Gila County
* Rock House (Groom Creek, Arizona), listed on the NRHP in Yavapai County
* Old Rock House (Thomson, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in McDuffie County
* Old Rock House (Alton, Illinois), a station on the Underground Railroad
* Rockhouse, Kentucky, an unincorporated community and coal town in Pike County
* Creelsboro Natural Bridge, in Russell County, Kentucky, commonly referred to as Rock House or the Rockhouse
* Old Rock House (Moscow Mills, Missouri), listed on the NRHP in Lincoln County
* Adam Spach Rock House Site, listed on the NRHP in Davidson County, North Carolina
* Rock House (King, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Stokes County
* Rock House (Roaring Gap, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Alleghany County
* Rockhouse, Texas
* Rock House-Custodian's Residence, Moab, Utah, listed on the NRHP in Grand County

## United Kingdom

* Rock Houses, at Kinver Edge

## Other

* Roy Orbison at the Rock House, a 1961 rockabilly album
* Rock shelters, shallow natural caves
# Belmont railway line, Western Australia

vteBelmont line :
Legend :
The Belmont Railway Line was a branch railway in Western Australia that extended from the Eastern Railway at Bayswater to cross the Swan River to Belmont near the Ascot Racecourse. The line closed in 1956.
The line was also known as the Belmont Spur line, Belmont Branch, and Perth Racecourse Railway.

## History

In November 1885 a 65 chains (1.3 km) branch line was constructed from the Eastern Railway at Bayswater across the Swan River to the Perth Race Course, improving access to the Race Course. Initially a ferry service across the Swan River was provided for racegoers travelling to and from the Race Course by train, which was replaced by a narrow footbridge by 1891.
The branch line's construction immediately spawned proposals to construct a railway linking the Eastern Railway at Bayswater (via the branch line) to areas south of Perth, including Canning, Kelmscott, Woongong, Pinjarra, Bunbury, and Busselton. The various proposals were abandoned following the announcement of the construction of the South Western Railway in 1891 which provided a more direct route bridging the Swan River further to the south.
The Perth Racecourse Railway Act 1896, an act by the Parliament of Western Australia assented to on 27 October 1896, authorised the construction of the railway line from Bayswater.
In 1897 the line was extended across the Swan River, and a new station built on the southern side of the Race Course. The new station was opened on 21 October 1897. The railway service to Belmont was suspended in 1926 following floods.
Consideration of closing the railway had been publicly discussed as early as 1930. There was a proposal to convert the rail bridge over the Swan River to a road bridge, however this never happened. Instead, the Garratt Road Bridge opened nearby in 1935.
In the mid-1930s, the Bayswater Road Board asked the Main Roads Department to construct a subway at Guildford Road to replace the existing level crossing. The Bayswater Road Board considered the level crossing, named Whatley Crossing to be one of the most dangerous level crossings in the area. The subway was never constructed.
The Belmont branch line was closed in 1956 following a fire on the bridge crossing the Swan River, and the bridge, line and stations were removed in 1957. The Belmont Branch Railway Discontinuance and Land Revestment Act 1956, assented to on 7 December 1956, authorised the closure of the line.
# Bill Ray

Bill Ray may refer to:
* Bill Ray (bishop) (born 1950), Anglican bishop of North Queensland in Australia
* Bill Ray (politician) (1922–2013), American businessman, politician, and writer
* Bill Ray (photojournalist) (1936–2020), photojournalist
# Christopher J. Lane

Christopher J. Lane (born 1966) is a British-American medical writer, researcher and intellectual historian who taught medical humanities and the history of medicine at Northwestern University until his retirement in 2022. A former Guggenheim fellow, awarded the Prescrire Prize for Medical Writing, he has held Northwestern's Pearce Miller Research Professorship and is a member of the Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities in the Feinberg School of Medicine. Previously, he taught at Emory University, where he was director of the Psychoanalytic Studies Program in the Psychiatry Department. A Victorianist by training, Lane specializes in 19th- and 20th-century psychology, psychiatry, and intellectual history. He is a regular contributor to Psychology Today and comparable media.

## Publications

Lane is the author of six books and the editor of two essay collections:
* The Ruling Passion (Duke University Press, 1995)
* The Burdens of Intimacy (University of Chicago Press, 1999)
* Hatred and Civility: The Antisocial Life in Victorian England (Columbia University Press, 2004)
* Shyness: How Normal Behavior Became a Sickness (Yale University Press, 2007)
* The Age of Doubt: Tracing the Roots of Our Religious Uncertainty (Yale University Press, 2011)
* Surge of Piety: Norman Vincent Peale and the Remaking of American Religious Life (Yale University Press, 2016)
* The Psychoanalysis of Race (Columbia University Press, 1998, editor)
* Homosexuality and Psychoanalysis (University of Chicago Press, 2001, co-editor).
His book Shyness: How Normal Behavior Became a Sickness critiques the broadness of the concept of social phobia as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Drawing heavily on unpublished papers at the American Psychiatric Association that document the creation and revision of the manual's third and fourth editions, Shyness also criticized the definitions of other mental disorders, including in a Los Angeles Times article that covered the controversies surrounding the drafting of the DSM-V. In Slate, he discussed some of the disputes over the direction of the DSM and the secrecy surrounding the revision of its fifth edition.
His articles on the DSM and psychiatric diagnosis have appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Boston Globe, Los Angeles Times, New York Sun, and Chronicle Review.
# Concordat of 1929

Concordat of 1929 may refer to:
* Lateran Treaty, between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy
* Prussian Concordat, between the Holy See and the Free State of Prussia
# Caripunás River

The Caripunás River is a river of Rondônia state in western Brazil.
# El Menaouer

El Menaouer is a town and commune in Mascara Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 9,346.
# Simon Norberg

Simon Norberg (born February 1, 1996) is a Swedish ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Leksands IF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).
Norberg made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with Leksands IF during the 2014–15 SHL season.
# Pastry heart

A pastry heart is a regional dessert item found in the Western New York area, with Buffalo credited as the place it was first created.
The pastry heart is a heart shaped flaky puff pastry, similar to a palmier or palm leaves pastry, that is usually topped with a white sugar icing that has a hard shell but is soft on the inside.
# Black hound

Black hound may refer to:
* Black dog (folklore), a mythological creature, also known as black hound
* Montenegrin Mountain Hound, a dog breed previously known as Black Hound
* Baldur's Gate III: The Black Hound, a cancelled video game
* Black hound, a monster in the role-playing game Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition
* Hilda and the Black Hound, a novel in the graphic novel series Hilda
* "Chapter 13: The Black Hound", an episode of the television series Hilda
# Nicolas Deschamps

Nicolas Deschamps may refer to:
* Nicolas Deschamps (ice hockey) (born 1990), Canadian ice hockey player
* Nicolas Deschamps (writer) (1797–1872), French Jesuit writer
# Confessions of a Dangerous Mind

Confessions of a Dangerous Mind may refer to:
* Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, a 1984 autobiography by Chuck Barris
** Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (film), a 2002 film adaptation of the book
* Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (album), the fifth studio album by rapper Logic
** "Confessions of a Dangerous Mind" (song), the second single and title track from the album
# Seedling (novel)

Seedling is the thirteenth book in the series of Deathlands. It was written by Laurence James under the house name James Axler.

## Plot synopsis

A particularly rough MAT-TRANS jump takes Ryan Cawdor and his friends to a clean, almost immaculate arrival chamber. A cautious exploration of the nearby control room shows it to be similarly clean, free of dust or any form of decay. It is only when Doc Tanner discovers a cup of recently brewed, sweetened coffee that the companions realize the room may have been recently used. Instead of the usual blast doors, the room's exit appears to be some form of airlock; nearby readouts indicate the outside air pressure is very low. Ryan cautiously opens the exterior door in the hopes that the equipment is simply malfunctioning, only to pass out from a sudden drop in oxygen levels. J. B. Dix pulls him to safety before he succumbs, and shuts the airlock door. The demonstrated lack of atmosphere, combined with a lifeless desert view through the airlock portal and mention of "NASA-SEC" on warnings above it, lead all the companions to the same unstated conclusion: they are on another world. Seeing something through the portal that alarms him, Ryan orders his friends into the MAT-TRANS chamber to make another jump. When pressed for what prompted the reaction Ryan can only say he saw something gigantic and alive underneath the desert sand.
The next jump takes them to a partially damaged arrival chamber. Upon examination the redoubt seems ireminiscent of a hidden redoubt the companions previously visited. Numerous earthshifts have blocked of much of this deep-buried redoubt, including the upper reaches of the staircase leading out of it. With no other choice the companions make use of an ancient elevator to reach the exit. Some ten feet from the top it stops functioning as the cables lifting it begin to fray. The companions narrowly escape through the elevator's maintenance hatch, and hang from the snapped cable strands as the elevator drops hundreds of feet to the bottom of the shaft. J. B. blows the door atop the shaft with plas-ex, allowing everyone to swing to safety.
The elevator shaft opens to a destroyed Victorian house in a similarly destroyed city. Ryan guesses it might be the ruins of New York, which is confirmed when the group encounters an armed teen named Dred. Dred explains (at gunpoint) that he is the king of the "turf" the companions are in, which they acknowledge. A truce is established, and Dred takes the group with him to one of his hideouts in the basement of a ruined house. They are later joined by Retha, Dred's "slut". Soon after a small group of mutants - scalies - attack, but are fended off and killed.

## Characters Introduced/Leaving

Dean Cawdor (introduced)
# El Menabha

El Menabha (also written El Mena Bha or Menabha) is a village in the commune of Mogheul, in Lahmar District, Béchar Province, Algeria. The village lies north of Lahmar on the road to Mogheul town.
# Vannappuram

Vannappuram is a village in the Idukki district of state Kerala in India . The village is in the highland regions and is loacated 17 km north of Thodupuzha Town and 28 km east of Muvattupuzha Town and lies north of the Kaliyar River.

## Demographics

As of 2001 the India census records Vannappuram had a population of 27449 with 13792 males and 13657 females.
# Sindou Department

Sindou is a department or commune of Léraba Province in south-western Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Sindou.
# Dean Kino

Dean Kino (born 15 April 1971) is an Australian former cricket administrator and first-class cricketer.
Kino was born in April 1971 at Melbourne. He later studied for a Bachelor of Laws at Monash University, before studying for his doctorate in law at Magdalen College at the University of Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1999, making five appearances. He scored 31 runs in his five matches, while with his left-arm fast-medium bowling he took 6 wickets.
Kino joined Cricket Australia (CA) in 2004 as their general manager of legal and business affairs. Kino was staying at the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel when it came under attack during the 2008 Mumbai attacks. He escaped five and a half hours after the attack had begun at 10pm. Kino was head of the governing council for the Champions League Twenty20 (CLT20). He was an important link in the relationship between Cricket Australia and the Board of Control for Cricket in India, in addition to working alongside cricket officials Sundar Raman, N. Srinivasan and Giles Clarke in the 2014 constitutional changes in the International Cricket Council. He resigned from CA and the CLT20 in September 2014.
# Richard McLaughlin

Richard McLaughlin may refer to:
* Richard McLaughlin (lawyer) (born 1947), High Court judge in Northern Ireland
* Richard E. McLaughlin (1915-1993), Massachusetts government official
# Bisi Akin-Alabi

Bisi Akin-Alabi is a Nigerian education expert, social worker, administrator, technocrat, education consultant and former special adviser on education, science and technology to Senator Abiola Ajimobi, the former governor of Oyo state, Nigeria.

## Early life and education

Bisi was born in Igbo-Ora, Oyo State to a Nigerian father who was a paramedic and a Beninese mother from Porto-Novo. She attended Federal School of Arts and Science. She holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Lagos and Master of Business administration from London South Bank University.
She also holds Postgraduate Certificate in Education from the Roehampton Institute, University of Surrey and a Ph.D in child development and humanities from London Graduate School. She is a fellow of the International Chartered Management Consultant, Chartered Institute of Commerce of Nigeria (FCICN), Fellow of the Windsor Fellowship UK and United Kingdom Strategic Society.
In March 2001 at 10 Downing Street, London, she was honored by the then British Prime Minister, Tony Blair and his wife Cherie Blair in recognition of her contributions to education and childcare in United Kingdom.

## Career

Bisi was a science and mathematics teacher in mainstream schools in the United Kingdom for more than two decades. She is the founder of SchoolRun Academy and the publisher of SchoolRun Magazine. She served as a special adviser to Senator Abiola Ajimobi, the former governor of Oyo state, Nigeria.
In 2017, she conceptualized the Oyo State Model Education System Interventions, OYOMESI. The program led to the adoption of Ibadan as United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) learning city.
# Nicolaus Hieronymus Gundling

Nicolaus Hieronymus Gundling (February 25, 1671 – December 9, 1729), was a German jurist and eclectic philosopher. He was born in Kirchensittenbach, and died in Magdeburg. He was the brother of Jacob Paul von Gundling, Court Historiographer to King Frederick I of Prussia, who became a figure of ridicule in the "Tobacco Cabinet" (Tabakskollegium) of Frederick William I.
Son of a pastor, Gundling studied in Altdorf, Jena, Leipzig and Halle. In 1702 he entered into controversy with Gotthard Heidegger, who had raised fears about the effect on German life of the French fashion for the novel. In 1705 he became professor of philosophy at Halle, and in 1707 he became professor of jurisprudence there.

## Works

* Dissertatio de statu naturali Hobbesii, 1706
* Ioannes Casa an paiderastìas crimen defenderit, in: Observationes selectae ad rem litterariam spectantes, Renger, Halae 1707, vol. 1, pp. 120–136.
* Politica seu prudentia civilis ratione connexa, exemplis illustrata, 1732
* Ausführlicher Discours über den jetzigen Zustand der europäischen Staaten, 1733/4
* Singularia ad legem maiestatis itemque de silentio in hoc crimine (in Latin). Frankfurt am Main: Johann Heinrich Gross. 1737.
* Ius naturae ac gentium (in Latin). Genoa: sumptibus Antonii Philibert. 1751.
# Computerised Pilot Selection System

The Computerised Pilot Selection System is used for screening candidates into the flight branch of the Indian Air Force. It replaced the earlier pilot selection test named Pilot Aptitude Battery Test (PABT). It was originally conceived by then Scientific Advisor to the Prime Minister Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam with a view to adopt a better tool for conducting pilot aptitude test in consonance with the modern aircraft of the IAF. It has been developed jointly by Aeronautical Development Establishment, Bangalore and Defence Institute of Psychological Research, Delhi.
# Carine

Carine may refer to:

## Places

* Carine, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth
** Electoral district of Carine, in the Western Australian parliament
* Carine, Nikšić, Montenegro
* Carine (Mysia), a town of ancient Mysia, now in Turkey

## Owl species

* Little owl (Carine noctua or Athene noctua)
* Rodrigues scops owl (Carine murivora or Mascarenotus murivorus)

## Other uses

* CARINE, a theorem prover
* Carine (given name)
# El Pieloro

El Pieloro (Spanish: Piedeloro) is one of 12 parishes (administrative divisions) in Carreño, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
The parroquia is 5.83 km$^2$ (2.25 sq mi) in size, with a population of 222 (INE 2007). The postal code is 33439.

## Villages and hamlets

* L'Alto la Ilesia
* Los Caleros
* El Cellero
* La Espeñada
* La Estación
* Llaneces
* El Llanu
* El Raitán
* El Rendaliego
* San Zabornín
* La Xunca
# Jorge Castellón

Jorge Castellón Velarde (born 7 February 1969) is a former Bolivian sprinter who competed in the men's 100m competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He recorded a 10.74, not enough to qualify for the next round past the heats. His personal best is 10.65, set in 1996.
# Changsong Provincial School

The Changsong Provincial School (Korean: 창성향교) is a historical Confucian school located in Changsong County, North Phyongan Province, North Korea. It is designated as one of the National Treasures of North Korea.
The school was established in the early days of the Joseon Dynasty. One ridgepole has an inscription saying it was rebuilt in 1765. The School served as the first institution to teach children of the local aristocratic class feudalistic Confucianism. In the front of the building is the Myongryun Hall which has no walls. It has a façade 15.4 meters wide and is 5.6 meters long. At the back of the hall are two gabled houses that face each other, known as Tong-mu and So-mu. These houses have double eaves built on a terraced base. The Taesong Hall which stands behind the two houses is also a gabled house with double eaves, measuring 11.15 meters wide by 7.1 meters long. It has “exquisitely dovetailed” pillars and roof brackets. The school complex "has unique features of composition and placement common to such buildings of those days, thus representing the contemporary architecture and management of Confucian schools".