OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology

The STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) Statement is a reporting guideline including a checklist of 22 items that are considered essential for good reporting of observational studies. It was published simultaneously in several leading biomedical journals in October and November 2007 and comprises both the checklist and an explanation and elaboration article which gives examples of good reporting and provides authors with more guidance on good reporting. It is also referred to in the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and is endorsed by hundreds of biomedical journals.

## Purpose

   The STROBE Statement was developed by the STROBE Initiative, an international collaboration of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers and journal editors with the aim to assist authors when writing up analytical observational studies, to support editors and reviewers when considering such articles for publication, and to help readers when critically appraising published articles.

## Extensions

There are many extensions to the STROBE Statement which cover a variety of different topic domains such as nutritional epidemiology, genetic association studies, rheumatology, molecular epidemiology, infectious disease molecular epidemiology, respondent-driven sampling, routinely collected health data (e.g., health administrative data, electronic health records, and registry data), antimicrobial stewardship programs, seroepidemiologic studies for influenza, medical abortion, simulation-based research, newborn infection, veterinary, and sports injury and illness.
A draft checklist for reporting observational studies in conference abstracts is also available.

## Adaptations and future

In 2010, three years after STROBE's publication, the original creators reconvened and deemed an update unnecessary at the time. However, since, calls have supported for the reporting guideline to be updated, similarly to other reporting guidelines (like CONSORT and PRISMA) which have been updated as needed. An assessment of extension content as well as a survey of authors of observational studies provided several areas to improve upon.
The STROBE Statement checklist is also available to use within a Writing Aid Tool add-in for Microsoft Word that includes the STROBE checklist within the software.
The STROBE Statement has also been adapted as a public, open-source repository for epidemiological research methods and reporting skills for observational studies. Epidemiologists, statisticians, and public health researchers are able to comment and edit the tool to inform future updates of the reporting guideline.
# Dyrithiopsis

Dyrithiopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Amphisphaeriaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis from Fuxian Lake in China.
# Pirates Well

Pirates Well is a town in the Bahamas, located on Mayaguana island. It has a population of 235 (2012 estimates). Pirates Well is home to a well, clearly marked by a sign and circled by stones and mortar, that was dug by buccaneers in the 16th century, hence the name. The Baycaner Beach Resort is located in Pirates Well.
It is 500 km southeast of the capital Nassau. Pirates Well is 5 meters above sea level. Average annual temperature in the village is 25 °C . The warmest month is August, when the average temperature is 28 °C, and the coldest is January, with 23 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1,026 millimeters. The rainiest month is October, with an average of 244 mm rainfall, and the driest is March, with 9 mm rainfall.
During Hurricane Irma the sea wall was damaged and several power lines were down in Pirates Well but there was no serious damage to houses.
# Ken Parker (guitar maker)

Ken Parker is an American luthier known for his unique archtop guitars and the Parker Fly electric guitar which came out in 1993. He is the founder of Parker Guitars.

## Life and career

Parker was raised on Long Island, New York and made his first guitar (out of wood and cardboard) at the age of 13. In his early 20s, after studying various aspects of tool-making and woodworking, he worked in a grandfather clock factory in a Rochester, New York and began building stringed instruments while working with the furniture-maker Richard Newman. Guitar lessons further sparked his interest in the instrument and in the 1970s he returned to the New York City area where he began working with a lute maker on Long Island. He then worked at Stuyvesant Music in Manhattan repairing string instruments. From 1983 had his own shop where he worked on the development and construction of violins, cellos, and especially Renaissance lutes.
In the early 1990s, he founded the company Parker Guitars and collaborated with Larry Fishman to design the Fly, a controversial, innovative and futuristic electric guitar brought out in 1993. The Fly incorporated non-traditional materials like fiberglass and Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer blended with more traditional elements like mahogany, basswood and spruce. His tremolo/vibrato design allowed the user to choose between floating or dive only operation, and it could also be used as a stop tail bridge. The Fly weighed around 5 pounds, while most full size solid body electric guitars of the same category usually weigh from 7 to more than 9 pounds. Parker was one of the first builders to use stainless steel frets that were glued on the fretboard. With Larry Fishman's help he was also one of the first builders to embrace the use of a piezo bridge which allowed the electric guitar to simulate the sounds of an acoustic one and blend the acoustic with the electric signal through his innovative control layout. The Fly had 11 patents and was exhibited at the Smithsonian Institution.
Parker sold his company in 2004. A few years later, he started designing archtop guitars. His archtop designs incorporate an adjustable neck that mounts to the guitar via a turnbuckle mechanism that allows the action to be adjusted without affecting the tuning, a unique tailpiece and non-traditional sound holes. As of 2015 Parker has a shop in Massachusetts where he builds a small number of hand made and individualized custom archtop guitars per year.
# Robert Don Hughes

Dr. Robert Don Hughes (born 1949), is an American educator, writer, and pastor. He has authored mainstream fantasy and science fiction and evangelical non-fiction.

## Education

Hughes received his B.A. from California Baptist College, his M.Div. from Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary, and his Ph.D. from the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, also studying at the University of Redlands.

## Educational career

Hughes was formerly employed at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, as associate vice president for external programs and associate professor of communication and mass media. Later he was a professor of missions and evangelism at Clear Creek Baptist Bible College. He retired from Pastoral ministry in 2019. His last pastorate was East Jellico Missionary Baptist Church in Pineville, Ky. He has also worked as a missionary in Africa.

## Literary works

Hughes' fiction tends to deal seriously with religious themes, particularly in The Fallen and its sequel The Eternity Gene. Of his non-fiction, Satan's Whispers has the distinction of having been adopted for use by the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association.
Hughes' most extended body of work consists of his two fantasy sequences about a magical country split into three states by a two-headed dragon's occupation of the mountain pass linking each region with the others. As a result, the magical potential of each region has developed differently. The "Pelmen the Powershaper" trilogy tells of the end of the dragon's reign and its consequences; The unfinished "Wizard and Dragon" sequence, also projected as a trilogy, is set earlier in the country's history and deals with how the dragon was originally created.
Hughes' powerfully imagined dragon Vicia-Heinox with its two bickering heads has set a pattern for the portrayal of similar creatures in other media, including the animated film Quest for Camelot (1998) and the public television children's program Dragon Tales (1999–2005).
# Cross-country skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics – Men's 50 kilometre

The 50 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing programme at the 1952 Winter Olympics. It was the sixth appearance of the event. The competition was held on Wednesday, 20 February 1952. Thirty-six cross-country skiers from 13 nations competed.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Veikko Hakulinen Finland | Eero Kolehmainen Finland | Magnar Estenstad Norway |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Time | Time | Time |
| Rank | Athlete | At 13 km | At 32.5 km | At 42 km | Final |
| 1 | Veikko Hakulinen (FIN) | 50:50 | 2'03:20 | 2'59:50 | 3'33:33 |
| 2 | Eero Kolehmainen (FIN) | 51:30 | 2'05:40 | 3'02:50 | 3'38:11 |
| 3 | Magnar Estenstad (NOR) | 50:30 | 2'03:40 | 3'02:00 | 3'38:28 |
| 4 | Olav Økern (NOR) | 50:00 | 2'07:30 | 3'04:20 | 3'38:45 |
| 5 | Kalevi Mononen (FIN) | 50:20 | 2'04:40 | 3'04:00 | 3'39:21 |
| 6 | Nils Karlsson (SWE) | 51:40 | 2'07:30 | 3'04:40 | 3'39:30 |
| 7 | Edvin Landsem (NOR) | 50:30 | 2'09:30 | 3'06:10 | 3'40:43 |
| 8 | Harald Maartmann (NOR) | 49:50 | 2'06:30 | 3'05:00 | 3'43:43 |
| 9 | Pekka Kuvaja (FIN) | 53:00 | 2'10:50 | 3'09:00 | 3'46:31 |
| 10 | Anders Törnkvist (SWE) | 51:20 | 2'09:30 | 3'11:15 | 3'49:22 |
| 11 | Benoît Carrara (FRA) | 53:10 | 2'12:10 | 3'15:40 | 3'55:16 |
| 12 | Gunnar Eriksson (SWE) | 49:10 | 2'11:30 | 3'16:10 | 3'55:45 |
| 13 | Arthur Herrdin (SWE) | 50:30 | 2'13:30 | 3'18:10 | 3'57:46 |
| 14 | Jaroslav Cardal (TCH) | 54:00 | 2'18:30 | 3'22:10 | 4'01:49 |
| 15 | Otto Beyeler (SUI) | 56:40 | 2'20:20 | 3'25:50 | 4'06:15 |
| 16 | Alfred Roch (SUI) | 56:30 | 2'23:20 | 3'27:20 | 4'09:39 |
| 17 | Karl Hischier (SUI) | 57:10 | 2'22:30 | 3'31:10 | 4'13:46 |
| 18 | Severino Compagnoni (ITA) | 57:10 | 2'25:40 | 3'35:25 | 4'16:13 |
| 19 | Antenore Cuel (ITA) | 58:40 | 2'28:40 | 3'35:40 | 4'16:26 |
| 20 | Josef Schnyder (SUI) | 56:50 | 2'21:00 | 3'23:00 | 4'18:45 |
| 21 | František Balvín (TCH) | 57:30 | 2'29:50 | 3'39:15 | 4'21:19 |
| 22 | Gheorghe Olteanu (ROU) | 1:00:20 | 2'28:50 | 3'40:10 | 4'23:08 |
| 23 | Ion Sumedrea (ROU) | 1:01:00 | 2'30:40 | 3'41:10 | 4'24:45 |
| 24 | Dumitru Frăţilă (ROU) | 59:00 | 2'27:10 | 3'43:05 | 4'30:13 |
| 25 | Hristo Donchev (BUL) | 1'00:00 | 2'27:00 | 3'43:50 | 4'30:35 |
| 26 | Juku Pent (GER) | 56:50 | 2'29:30 | 3'45:45 | 4'30:56 |
| 27 | Pál Sajgó (HUN) | 1'01:10 | 2'32:00 | 3'47:05 | 4'38:34 |
| 28 | Gervais Gindre (FRA) | 59:00 | 2'30:20 | 3'48:00 | 4'39:31 |
| 29 | Ívar Stefánsson (ISL) | 58:10 | 2'30:00 | 3'48:30 | 4'39:50 |
| 30 | Jón Kristjánsson (ISL) | 57:30 | 2'30:00 | 3'47:30 | 4'41:32 |
| 31 | Ignácz Berecz (HUN) | 1'02:10 | 2'39:10 | 3'58:35 | 4'46:23 |
| 32 | Ion Hebedeanu (ROU) | 1'02:30 | 2'37:30 | 4'00:30 | 4'47:58 |
| 33 | Matthias Kristjánsson (ISL) | 59:50 | 2'35:40 | 3'55:50 | 4'48:47 |
| - | Cedric Sloane (AUS) | 1'07:50 | 2'58:40 | DNF | - |
| - | Karl Schüssler (GER) | 59:20 | 2'35:30 | DNF | - |
| - | Bruce Haslingden (AUS) | 1'06:10 | 2'54:00 | DNF | - |
# Styazhkina

Styazhkina, or Stjazkhkina, is a Cyrillic surname. Notable people so named include:
* Anna Styazhkina (born 1997), Russian chess player
** Viacheslav Styazhkina, her father, also a chess player, covered at Anna Styazhkina
* Olga Stjazhkina (born 1970), Russian chess player
* Tetyana Styazhkina (born 1977), Ukrainian cyclist
# Lake City Classic

The Lake City Classic was a golf tournament on the Ben Hogan Tour. It ran from 1990 to 1992. It was played at Lake City Country Club in Lake City, Florida.
In 1992 the winner earned $25,000.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| Ben Hogan Lake City Classic ||||||
| 1992 | Tim Loustalot | 206 | −10 | 1 stroke | Jack Larkin |
| 1991 | Don Reese | 198 | −18 | 1 stroke | Roger Rowland |
| 1990 | Jim McGovern | 202 | −14 | Playoff | David Toms |
# Eugênio Bucci

Eugênio Bucci (Orlândia) is a Brazilian journalist, known for his works at many Brazilian publications and also for his time as president of Radiobras (now working under the name Agência Brasil).

## Biography

Bucci graduated in Social Communication at Communication and Arts School of the University of São Paulo (ECA-USP) in 1982 and in Law at the same university.
In 1984, he was president of the Centro Acadêmico XI de Agosto, from USP. His campaign group was called "The Pravda", in allusion of the American newspaper The New York Times and the official soviet publication Pravda. The same group elected his successor, Fernando Haddad. Affiliated to the Worker's Party in the early 80s, he was the creator and first editor of the magazine Teoria e Debate, published by Fundação Perseu Abramo.
As a journalist, he was director of magazines such as Set, Superinteressante, Playboy and Quatro Rodas, culture and television critic in newspapers like (Folha de S.Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo, Jornal do Brasil) and magazines as (Veja, Nova Escola and Sem Fronteiras), besides being Editorial Secretary of Editora Abril.
In 2002, he became doctor at Communication Science, Journalism area, at ECA-USP. He taught journalistic ethics at Faculdade Cásper Líbero in 2001 and 2002.
From January 2003 to April 2007, he directed Radiobrás (Empresa Brasileira de Comunicação S.A), leading the process of revitalization and repositioning of the company. His work was positively received by the press, the critics and other politicians and intellectuals, granting him national and international prizes.
After leaving the position at Radiobras, he became visiting professor at the Advanced Studies Institute of University of São Paulo. Currently, he is a member of the Curator Council of the Fundação Padre Anchieta, he works occasionally for O Estado de S. Paulo and with the website Observatório da Imprensa. In 2008, he became a professor at ECA-USP. In the same year, he became ombudsman of the "Jornal do Campus", a newspaper edited by the students from the second grade of the Journalist course of the university. In 2010, he became director of the new post-graduation course of journalism at ESPM, although he still works at USP.
Bucci has published many books, including a partnership with Maria Rita Kehl.
# The War of the Oxen

The War of the Oxen or The Oxen War (German:Der Ochsenkrieg) may refer to:
* War of the Oxen, a 1421-1422 conflict in between two German states
* The War of the Oxen (novel), a 1914 work by Ludwig Ganghofer
* The War of the Oxen (1920 film), a silent film adaptation
* The War of the Oxen (1943 film), a film adaptation
* The War of the Oxen (TV series), a 1987 television adaptation
# Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act of 2015

The Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act of 2015, H.R. 3299, is a bill introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives that would streamline government decisions and provide incentives for vaccines and treatment of dangerous pathogens and diseases. The bill was introduced by Representatives Susan Brooks (R-IN) and Anna Eshoo (D-CA).
H.R. 3299 would improve the United States' emergency preparedness by increasing administrative efficiency within the Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response ("ASPR") in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS"). It would also provide incentives for companies to develop medical countermeasures for public health emergencies and biochemical attacks.

## Background

Brooks and Eshoo introduced the bill in response to a report prepared in October 2015 by the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense. The report said:
   The nation has not come to fully appreciate the severity of the biological threat and our leaders have not demonstrated the political will to fully address it. We must address these shortcomings by prioritizing the following areas: 1). coordination and accountability among federal departments and agencies; 2) collaboration between federal and non-federal stakeholders; and 3) innovation that addresses both lingering and novel problems.

## Legislative details

The Public Health Service Act authorizes the government to spend funds on programs to prepare communities and hospitals for public health emergencies. H.R. 3299 would require that at least 97 percent of those funds be used for awards (grants).
The legislation would require that the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) develop certain procedures concerning medical countermeasures. Specifically, HHS would need to coordinate stockpiling of countermeasures between the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Additionally, the bill would amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to by adding threatening diseases and other agents to the government's list of tropical diseases under the Priority Review Voucher program. The program gives a voucher for fast-track approval by the FDA to companies that sponsor a new drug or biological product that would prevent or treat a disease contained on the list of tropical diseases.
The legislation would create an incentive program that awards vouchers for priority review to companies that get approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for specific drugs that can be used to counter the effects of biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agents. The bill also would make several changes to the processes used by the government to procure medical countermeasures in HHS. Additionally, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) would be required to report on programs to improve state, local, and hospital preparedness.
The Congressional Budget Office estimated that implementing H.R. 3299 would cost $20 million over the 2017-2021 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts.
# Platyceps najadum

Platyceps najadum, also known commonly as Dahl's whip snake or the slender whip snake, is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to Eurasia. Four subspecies are recognized as being valid.

## Taxonomy

P. najadum was first described by Karl Eichwald in 1831, as Tyria najadum.

## Geographic range

P. najadum is found in the Balkans, Aegean, Cyprus, the Mid-East, and as far as Turkmenistan and the Caucasus Mountains.

## Habitat

P. najadum occurs in dry and xeric environments in a wide range of habitats: in desert and rocky land, in forests, woodland scrub, and agricultural land from sea level to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) altitude. It is commonly found in fields, and seen crushed on roads.

## Description

P. najadum has a slim body, and is rarely over a metre (39 inches) in total length (including tail).

## Conservation status

P. najadum is threatened by direct persecution, forest fires and intensive agriculture, where its range interacts with human interests. The species is listed on Annex II of the Bern Convention and Annex IV of the European Union Habitats Directive. It has varying protection in some countries including Serbia, Montenegro, Russia, and Lebanon.

## Reproduction

P. najadum is an egg laying species. Females lay between 3 and 16 eggs in a clutch.

## Subspecies

Four subspecies are identified, including the nominotypical subspecies.
* Platyceps najadum albitemporalis (Darevsky & Orlov, 1994)
* Platyceps najadum dahlii (Fitzinger, 1826) – Balkans, Cyprus, Aegean Turkey
* Platyceps najadum kalymnensis (B. Schneider, 1979) – endemic to Kalymnos island, the Aegean
* Platyceps najadum najadum (Eichwald, 1831) – Caucasus and Asia Minor
A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Platyceps.

## Etymology

Both the subspecific name, dahlii, and the common name, Dahl's whip snake, are in honor of Austrian entomologist Georg Dahl (1769–1831) who collected the type specimen in Dalmatia in 1824.
The subspecific name, schmidtleri, is in honor of German herpetologist Josef Friedrich Schmidtler (born 1942).

## Indigenous names

Σαϊτα (Greek), Saita, Стрелушка (Bulgarian), šilac (Croatian), Za'aman Z'eitani (Hebrew), Ok Yılanı (Turkish).
# 2-Chloro-9,10-diphenylanthracene

2-Chloro-9,10-diphenylanthracene is a fluorescent dye used in glow sticks for a blue-green glow. It is a chlorinated derivative of 9,10-diphenylanthracene.
# Bhaal

Bhaal may refer to:
* Bhaal (Forgotten Realms), a deity in the Forgotten Realms setting of Dungeons and Dragons
* the Bhal region of India
# Cross-country skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics – Men's 50 kilometre

The 50 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event. The competition was held on Friday, 6 February 1948. Twenty-eight cross-country skiers from nine nations competed.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Nils Karlsson Sweden | Harald Eriksson Sweden | Benjamin Vanninen Finland |

## Results

| Place | Competitor | Time |
| 1 | Nils Karlsson (SWE) | 3'47:48 |
| 2 | Harald Eriksson (SWE) | 3'52:20 |
| 3 | Benjamin Vanninen (FIN) | 3'57:28 |
| 4 | Pekka Vanninen (FIN) | 3'57:58 |
| 5 | Anders Törnkvist (SWE) | 3'58:20 |
| 6 | Edi Schild (SUI) | 4'05:37 |
| 7 | Pekka Kuvaja (FIN) | 4'10:02 |
| 8 | Jaroslav Cardal (TCH) | 4'14:34 |
| 9 | Kristian Bjørn (NOR) | 4'15:21 |
| 10 | Martin Jære (NOR) | 4'17:11 |
| 11 | František Balvín (TCH) | 4'17:51 |
| 12 | Josl Gstrein (AUT) | 4'21:13 |
| 13 | Cristiano Rodeghiero (ITA) | 4'24:12 |
| 14 | Jože Knific (YUG) | 4'26:00 |
| 15 | Franc Smolej (YUG) | 4'26:12 |
| 16 | Matevž Kordež (YUG) | 4'27:25 |
| 17 | Max Müller (SUI) | 4'30:51 |
| 18 | Silvio Confortola (ITA) | 4'31:36 |
| 19 | Louis Bourban (SUI) | 4'33:50 |
| 20 | Jaroslav Zajíček (TCH) | 4'44:35 |
| – | Vít Fousek Sr. (TCH) | DNF |
| – | Victor Borghi (ITA) | DNF |
| – | Thorleif Vangen (NOR) | DNF |
| – | Stefano Sommariva (ITA) | DNF |
| – | Arthur Herrdin (SWE) | DNF |
| – | Leif Haugen (NOR) | DNF |
| – | Tom Dennie (CAN) | DNF |
| – | Martti Sipilä (FIN) | DNF |