OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cosmos atrosanguineus

Cosmos atrosanguineus, the chocolate cosmos, is a species of Cosmos, native to Mexico. It has often been claimed that it is extinct in the wild; however it is "quite abundant" in Mexico. The species was introduced into cultivation in 1885, when the British seed company Thompson & Morgan first listed it in their seed catalogue. Its dark red to brownish red flowers have a scent resembling chocolate, which is one reason for its popularity as a cultivated plant.

## Description

Cosmos atrosanguineus is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 40–60 cm tall, with a fleshy tuberous root. The leaves are 7–15 cm long, pinnate, with leaflets 2–5 cm long. The flowers are produced in a capitulum 3–4.5 cm diameter, dark red to maroon-dark brown, with a ring of six to ten (usually eight) broad ray florets and a center of disc florets; they have a light vanillin fragrance (like many chocolates), which becomes more noticeable towards the end of the day.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1861 by William Hooker, as Cosmos diversifolia var. atrosanguineus. Eduard Ortgies later elevated it to a full species, placing it in the genus Bidens. Andreas Voss transferred it back to Cosmos, retaining its status as an independent species. It is one of eight species of Cosmos placed in section Discopoda. Cosmos belongs to subtribe Coreopsidinae.
In 2008, Oku, T.; Takahashi, H.; Yagi, F.; et al. analyzed the Chocolate Cosmos flower using PSID (plastid subtype identity) sequences in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of this plant. They determined that this species did indeed have closer relations to Cosmos than to the genus of Bidens or Dahlia.

## Distribution and habitat

Although it had been reported that Cosmos atrosanguineus was extinct in the wild, a research project on the genus Cosmos begun in 2007 by Mexican botanist Aarón Rodríguez found modern records starting from 1986. Field work showed that it grew in the states of Guanajuato, Querétaro and San Luis Potosí. It is found in mixed pine and oak forest, at elevations of around 1,800–2,450 m (5,910–8,040 ft).

## Cultivation and uses

Both seed-raised and vegetatively propagated cultivars are available, varying in the size, colour and shape of the petals. An article in 2017 listed 17 cultivars and seed-raised strains. As of 2018, C. atrosanguineus 'Hamcoec' (trade description Eclipse) has the largest flower heads, up to 5 cm in diameter. The variation in flower color from red to black of Cosmos atrosanguineus and its cultivars results from variation in the amounts of anthocyanins and chalcone present. Hybrids with other Cosmos species are also known in cultivation. As with Cosmos 'Thomocha' (Chocamocha), hybrids may be less scented than the species. Although cosmos smells like chocolate, it should not be eaten.
It requires partial sun or full sun, and flowers from mid to late summer. It is frost-sensitive (Zones 6–11); in temperate zones, the tuber has to be dug up and stored in a frost-free store over the winter.
# Coimbatore-South taluk

Coimbatore (South) taluk is a taluk of Coimbatore city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Coimbatore (South) had a population of 1,605,269 with 802,641 males and 802,628 females. There were 1,000 women for every 1,000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 81.18%. Child population in the age group below 6 years were 73,403 Males and 70,765 Females.
# Peadar O'Dowd

Peadar O'Dowd was a local historian from the Bóthar Mór (Bohermore) district of Galway city and a member of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society. He was an alumnus of University College, Galway. He died on 3 January 2024.

## Select bibliography

* Old and new Galway, Galway, 1985.
* Vanishing Galway, Galway, 1987.
* Down by the Claddagh, Galway, 1993.
* The Great Famine and the West, Galway, 2000.
* In from the West, the McDonogh Dynasty, 2002.
* Galway in Old Photographs, Gill & Macmillan, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7171-3483-0
* A history of County Galway, Gill & Macmillan, 2004. ISBN 0-7171-3687-6
* Christmas Tales of Galway, 2006.
* Final Tales of Galway, 2009.
* Tracing your Galway Ancestors, Flyleaf Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-9563624-2-1
# Pomax

Pomax is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. Pomax umbellata, found in Australia, is the sole species of the genus. The genus was created in 1830, by the Swiss taxonomist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, and published in his Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Pomax umbellata was first described as Opercularia umbellata by Joseph Gaertner in 1788. but was transferred to the genus, Pomax by Daniel Solander in 1834.
# EHNA

EHNA (erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonly)adenine) is a potent adenosine deaminase inhibitor, which also acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase type 2 (PDE2).
# EFL

EFL most commonly refers to English as a foreign language.
EFL may also refer to:

## Sports

* Eastern Football League (Australia), an Australian rules football league
* Eastern Football League (Scotland), a defunct Scottish football competition
* Elite Football League of India, an American football league in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh
* Empire Football League, a semi-pro American football league
* English Football League, an English football competition
* Enterprise Football League, a Taiwanese football league
* European Football League, a league of clubs affiliated with the European Federation of American Football

## Science and technology

* EFL (programming language)
* 35 mm equivalent focal length
* Effective focal length
* Enlightenment Foundation Libraries, a set of graphical software libraries

## Other uses

* Eagle Air (Tanzania), an airline
* Etron Fou Leloublan, a French avant-progressive rock band
* Kefalonia International Airport in Greece
# ELS Bridge over Big Wind River

The ELS Bridge over Big Wind River is a pony truss bridge located near Dubois, Wyoming, which carries Fremont County Road CN10-21 across the Big Wind River. The bridge was built circa 1920. Its design is uncommon and merges a kingpost truss with an arched chord. The materials used to build the bridge are also unusual and were likely salvaged; for instance, the arches are made from tunnel sets.
The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 22, 1985. It was one of several bridges added to the National Register for their role in the history of Wyoming bridge construction. The bridge was replaced by 2006.
# EMCF

EMCF is a four-letter acronym that may refer to:
* Edna McConnell Clark Foundation
* European Monetary Cooperation Fund
* European Multilateral Clearing Facility N.V.
# Earl of Lonsdale (ship)

Several ships have been named Earl of Lonsdale for the Earl of Lonsdale:
* Earl of Lonsdale (1810 ship) was launched at Whitehaven. She sailed as West Indiaman. She next made one voyage to the East Indies in 1814, and then returned to the West Indies trade. A gale at Jamaica in October 1815 destroyed her.
* Earl of Lonsdale (1839 ship), of 310 tons burthen, was launched at Whitehaven; she was last listed in 1860
* SS Earl of Lonsdale (1871 ship) was an iron, screw steamer of 1542 grt, launched at Shields, that wrecked in 1885.
# Ponter

Ponter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Danielle Ponter (born 2000), Australian rules footballer
* Daran Ponter (born 1968), New Zealand politician
# ESRI

ESRI may refer to:
* Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), an Irish economic research institute
* Esri, a GIS software company (Environmental Systems Research Institute)
# Pontes e Lacerda

Pontes e Lacerda is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso.

## Location

Pontes e Lacerda is located 450 km from Cuiabá, at a latitude 15° 13'34" south and a longitude 59° 20'07" west, with an altitude of 254 meters. Its estimated population in 2020 was 45,774 inhabitants. It has an area of 8,423 square kilometers.
The municipality contains 73% of the 120,092 hectares (296,750 acres) Serra de Santa Bárbara State Park, created in 1997.

## Transportation

The city is served by Pontes e Lacerda Airport.
# Ponteranica

Ponteranica (Bergamasque: Potranga or Put de Ranga) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Milan and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) northwest of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 6,866 and an area of 8.4 square kilometres (3.2 sq mi).
Ponteranica borders the following municipalities: Alzano Lombardo, Bergamo, Ranica, Sorisole, Torre Boldone, Zogno.
A part of its surface is occupied by Maresana Hill. The source of Morla is in Ponteranica. Part of Ponteranica's territory belongs of Parco dei Colli di Bergamo
# ESF

ESF may refer to:

## Education

* Écoles Sans Frontières, a French educational charity
* Education Without Borders (Spanish organization) (Spanish: Educación Sin Fronteras), a Spanish educational charity
* Emmanuel Schools Foundation, a British educational charity
* English Schools Foundation, an organization of twenty two international schools in Hong Kong
* Esperantic Studies Foundation, a Canadian Esperanto organization
* European School, Frankfurt am Main, in Germany
* Evans Scholars Foundation, an American scholarship program
* State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, in Syracuse, New York, United States

## Science and technology

* European Science Foundation, a research organization
* European Studbook Foundation, studbooks of reptiles and amphibians in captivity
* Electro sinter forging
* Extended superframe
* Exatron Stringy Floppy, an 8-bit computer peripheral
* Explosion Suppressant Foam, used to protect from fire in aircraft wings

## Other uses

* East Sea Fleet, of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy
* Empowering Spirits Foundation, an American LGBT rights organization
* English Stone Forum, a British conservation organization
* Entertainment Sports and Fun Camps (ESF), network of day camps
* Esler Airfield, in Louisiana, United States
* Estafeta Carga Aérea, a Mexican airline
* European Services Forum, a lobby group
* European Social Forum, a conference series
* European Social Fund of the European Union, currently European Social Fund Plus
* European Softball Federation
* European Ski Federation
* European Squash Federation
* Exchange Stabilization Fund, of the United States Treasury Department
* Expeditionary strike group in the United States Navy
# EZ Word

EZ Word was a word processor developed as part of the Andrew User Interface System, a user-interface research project jointly done by IBM and the Carnegie Mellon University. Originally developed for UNIX systems, it was the first graphical word processor available for Linux.
Many people found the user interface quirky and difficult to learn. The program never really caught on, and the Andrew project stopped developing software in 1997. The last version of the AUIS suite, version 8.0, was never fully debugged, but is free software available under the MIT-CMU license.
# East Pyongyang Grand Theatre

The East Pyongyang Grand Theatre (Korean: 동평양대극장) is a 2,500-seat theatre located in the North Korean capital, Pyongyang. It was the site of the 2008 concert by the New York Philharmonic, which was the first significant cultural visit to North Korea by the United States since the Korean War.
The hall was built in 1989 and is normally a venue for performances that celebrate North Korea's dynastic leaders and national achievements. The December before the concert, it had hosted an opera honoring Kim Jong-suk, the mother of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il.
In 2005, the theatre suffered a fire that resulted in the loss of its original facade and interior elements.
On New Year's Day 2007, following reconstruction, the theatre hosted the Mansudae Art Troupe. Its "massive" stage needed an acoustic shell built to properly project the orchestra's sound. The theatre was specifically chosen by Zarin Mehta, who rejected the home of the North Korea State Symphony as too small.
The overall size is more than 62,000 square meters. A colonnaded great hall (lobby) includes a mural of Ulrim Falls. According to a Reuters journalist, its architecture is "bland communist", and a "hulking, ramshackle structure the locals struggle to keep heated and lit at night."

## Gallery

* Auditorium of the Grand Theatre, 2006
* Staff in the audio monitoring room, 2006
* Lobby and chandeliers, 2006
# Earnscleugh River

The Earnscleugh or Fraser River is a river of the Otago Region of New Zealand. It arises in the Old Man Range and flows north-east to the Fraser Dam, then south-east to the Clutha River about 4 km (2.5 miles) west of Alexandra. The name Earnscleugh is given to the upper reaches of the river. The lower reaches are called the Fraser River, after one of the owners of Earnscleugh Station, William Fraser, who introduced rabbits to the area.
# Each Man Kills the Thing He Loves

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Each Man Kills the Thing He Loves is the debut album from Gavin Friday, following his exit from the Virgin Prunes. It was released in 1989 and is also his first collaboration with Maurice "The Man" Seezer.
The title track is an excerpt from Oscar Wilde's The Ballad of Reading Gaol set to original music. This album also features covers of Bob Dylan's "Death is not the End" and Jacques Brel's "Next" (in French : "Au Suivant").

## Track listing

All tracks written and arranged by Gavin Friday and Maurice Seezer; except where indicated
* "Each Man Kills the Thing He Loves" (Lyrics by Oscar Wilde) - 5:31
* "Tell Tale Heart" - 4:41
* "Apologia" - 5:28
* "Dazzle and Delight" - 6:24
* "Next" - (Jacques Brel; English lyrics by Mort Shuman and Eric Blau) - 2:02
* "You take Away the Sun" - 3:32
* "Death is not the End" - (Bob Dylan) - 5:40
* "He Got What he Wanted" - 3:25
* "Man of Misfortune" - 4:40
* "Rags to Riches" - 3:35
* "The Next Thing to Murder" - 2:59
* "Love is Just a Word" - 3:41
* "Another Blow on the Bruise" - 3:24
* "Each Man Kills the Thing He Loves (Reprise)" - 3:07

## Personnel

* Man Seezer - piano, keyboards, organ, accordion
* Bill Frisell - guitar
* Marc Ribot - guitar, banjo, the "e" flat horn [on "Death Is Not The End"]
* Hank Roberts - cello, electronics
* Fernando Saunders - bass, guitar
* Michael Blair - drums, percussion
* Howard Kaylan, Mark Volman - backing vocals on "Man of Misfortune"
# Portland Chamber Music Festival

The Portland Chamber Music Festival is an annual chamber music festival located in Portland, Maine, founded in 1994 by Jennifer Elowitch (violinist) and Dena Levine (pianist). In 2018, following PCMF's 25th anniversary season, Elowitch (Founder and Artistic Director Emerita) was succeeded by violist Melissa Reardon as Artistic Director. The core Festival is a four-concert main stage series and free Family Concert in August at the Abromson Community Education Center. In addition, the Festival's year-round offerings include a Salon Series of concerts in private homes and intimate spaces throughout Greater Portland, and innovative contemporary music concerts in collaboration with SPACE Gallery.
In 2011, the Maine Public Broadcasting Network chose PCMF to inaugurate its new “Maine Arts Live” initiative, featuring a live broadcast of PCMF Opening Night 2011 throughout the state and streaming on the web.
# Polyphagozerra

Polyphagozerra is a genus of moths in the family Cossidae.

## Species

* Polyphagozerra coffeae (Nietner, 1861)
* Polyphagozerra reticulata (Joicey et Talbot, 1916)
# Polyphagozerra reticulata

Polyphagozerra reticulata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by James John Joicey and George Talbot in 1916. It is found on New Guinea and the Moluccas.
# Earl of Zetland (ship)

The ship Earl of Zetland was a steel hull vessel registered on the UK's National Register of Historic Vessels (number 990). She was built in 1939 by Hall, Russell & Company in Aberdeen, Scotland, as a passenger vessel. Brought into service at the outset of WWII, she travelled over 100,000 miles and carried approximately 600,000 servicemen to and from the Orkney Islands. The vessel is believed to be one of many small ships involved in the evacuation of Dunkirk.
Her previous names include Celtic Surveyor and La Passerelle. In 1975, she was sold to Middlesbrough Ocean Surveys and renamed Celtic Surveyor. She was converted to a diving support vessel and was used as such until 1982, whereupon she was hulked as a restaurant ship on the Thames near Embankment. In 1998 the ship was moored in Albert Edward Dock, North Shields, and was used as a floating restaurant.
In October 2020 an 8-week programme of work began on dismantling the vessel, which had been in a worsening state of repair for a number of years. Mike Newbold, owner of the restaurant vessel since 2009 stated "The Zetland was very expensive to maintain and towards the end it was an effort just to break even. Now with the pressures of Covid and other things it seemed the right thing to do. Everything comes to its conclusion." It is now listed in the National Archive of Historic Vessels.
# East Side School

East Side School may refer to:
* East Side School (Thomasville, Georgia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Thomas County, Georgia
* East Side School (Oswego, Kansas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Labette County, Kansas
* East Side School (Laramie, Wyoming), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Albany County, Wyoming
# East Air

East Air was a privately owned airline based in Qurghonteppa, Tajikistan. The airline operated regular flights from Qurghonteppa and Kulob to Russia. In October 2014 the Tajikistan General Authority of Civil Aviation revoked East Air's Air Operator's Certificate (AOC) and the airline went out of business.

## Destinations

As of July 2013 East Air served following destinations:

### Asia
#### Kyrgyzstan

* Bishkek - Manas International Airport

#### Tajikistan

* Dushanbe - Dushanbe International Airport
* Kulob - Kulob Airport
* Qurghonteppa - Qurghonteppa International Airport

### Europe
#### Russia

* Kazan - Kazan International Airport
* Moscow - Moscow Domodedovo Airport
* Novosibirsk - Tolmachevo Airport
* Chelyabinsk - Balandino Airport
* Orenburg - Orenburg Tsentralny Airport
* Saint Petersburg - Pulkovo Airport
* Yekaterinburg - Koltsovo Airport

## Fleet

The East Air fleet consisted entirely of Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 aircraft (as of May 2014):
# East Africans

East Africans may refer to
* peoples of East African descent, see:
** Ethiopid race (Cushites)
** Hamites
** Nilotic peoples
* the contemporary demographics of East Africa, see:
** East Africa § Demographics
** List of ethnic groups of Africa
# East Elloe Rural District

52°48′12″N 0°01′21″E﻿ / ﻿52.8034°N 0.0226°E﻿ / 52.8034; 0.0226
East Elloe was a rural district in Holland in Lincolnshire from 1894 to 1974.

## History

The district had its origins in the Holbeach Poor Law Union, which had been established in 1835 covering Holbeach and several surrounding parishes. It was administered from the Holbeach Union Workhouse, which was built in 1836–1837 on Fleet Road in Holbeach. In 1872, sanitary districts were established, with public health and local government responsibilities given to the existing boards of guardians of poor law unions for areas without an existing urban authority. The Holbeach Rural Sanitary District therefore covered the area of the Holbeach Poor Law Union except for Holbeach itself, Long Sutton, and Sutton Bridge, each of which had a local board of health and so formed their own urban sanitary districts.
Under the Local Government Act 1894, rural sanitary districts became rural districts from 28 December 1894. It was decided that the Holbeach Rural Sanitary District would be renamed at the same time, becoming the East Elloe Rural District, named after the historic Elloe wapentake of Lincolnshire rather than being named after the town of Holbeach which it did not include. The neighbouring Spalding Rural Sanitary District was similarly renamed at the same time to become the West Elloe Rural District, but lasted only a few months under that name before changing back to become the Spalding Rural District.
In 1932, East Elloe Rural District was enlarged when the former urban districts of Holbeach, Long Sutton and Sutton Bridge were incorporated into it.
In its early years, the council met at the Holbeach Union Workhouse, which was latterly also known as The Shrubbery before becoming Fleet Hospital. In 1946 the council bought Mattimore House on Fleet Street, Holbeach, converting it to become their offices and meeting place, with the council chamber there being officially opened in November 1948. The council remained based at Mattimore House until its abolition in 1974.
The council was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and its area went to form part of the new South Holland district. Mattimore House was subsequently demolished, with 78–82 Fleet Street and Mattimore Drive built on the site.
# East Hill

East Hill may refer to:
* East Hill, Kent, England
* East Hill, a village amalgamated into Brome Lake, Quebec, Canada
* East Hill (Schoharie County, New York), an elevation
* East Hill, a mountain in Granite County, Montana
# East Kingston, West Virginia

East Kingston is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States.
# Charles Jundt

Charles Jundt (1880 in Alsace-Lorraine – 1945) was a New York City coiffeur who founded the Charles of the Ritz line of cosmetics products.

## Biography

Jundt came to New York in 1916 via Paris and London and took over the beauty salon of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel. He became an American citizen in 1921. By 1926, he was marketing beauty products under the name Charles of the Ritz. He had a wife, Anna, and a daughter, Ethel.
In 1932, Adeita de Beaumont Fisher, the estranged wife of cartoonist Bud Fisher, was awarded $5,000 damages after Jundt burned Fisher's ear while styling her hair.
# Charles Kadushin

Charles Garfiel Kadushin (June 5, 1932 – September 21, 2022) was an American psychologist and emeritus professor of psychology at the City University of New York. He was an expert in the field of social network analysis.

## Biography

Kadushin's parents were the Conservative rabbi Max Kadushin and the psychologist Evelyn Garfiel.
Kadushin received his A.B. from Columbia College in 1953 and Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1960. He carried out a number of large survey projects on the American intellectual elite, Vietnam veterans, and Jewish populations, especially those who partake in the Birthright Israel programs.
Kadushin was also a Visiting research professor at the department of sociology of Brandeis University and Distinguished Scholar at the Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies at Brandeis.
Kadushin was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1982. He was a recipient of the 2009 Marshall Sklare Award from the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry for his work on social networks.
Kadushin died on September 21, 2022.