OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thermo galvanometer

The thermo-galvanometer is an instrument for measuring small electric currents. It was invented by William Duddell about 1900. The following is a description of the instrument taken from a trade catalog of Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company dated 1905:
   For a long time the need of an instrument capable of accurately measuring small alternating currents has been keenly felt. The high resistance and self-induction of the coils of instruments of the electro-magnetic type frequently prevent their use. Electro-static instruments as at present constructed are not altogether suitable for measuring very small currents, unless a sufficient potential difference is available.
   The thermo-galvanometer designed by Mr W. Duddell can be used for the measurement of extremely small currents to a high degree of accuracy. It has practically no self-induction or capacity and can therefore be used on a circuit of any frequency (even up to 120,000~ per sec.) and currents as small as twenty micro-amperes can be readily measured by it . It is equally correct on continuous and alternating currents. It can therefore be accurately standardized by continuous current and used without error on circuits of any frequency or wave-form.
   The principle of the thermo-galvanometer is simple. The instrument consists of a resistance which is heated by the current to be measured, the heat from the resistance falling on the thermo-junction of a Boys radio-micrometer. The rise in temperature of the lower junction of the thermo-couple produces a current in the loop which is deflected by the magnetic field against the torsion of the quartz fibre.
# Frea barbertoni

Frea barbertoni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by William Lucas Distant in 1898.
# Piggy (Merrie Melodies)

Piggy is the name of two animated cartoon characters in the Merrie Melodies series of films distributed by Warner Bros. The first character was a fat, black pig wearing a pair of shorts with two large buttons in the front, and his first film was You Don't Know What You're Doin'!
Piggy's name came from one of two brothers who were childhood classmates of Freleng's, nicknamed "Porky" and "Piggy".

## Merrie Melodies

Animator Rudolf Ising introduced Piggy to replace his previous character, Foxy, as the star of the Merrie Melodies series Ising was directing for producer Leon Schlesinger. Nonetheless, Ising had only made two Piggy shorts in 1931 before he left Warner Bros. with partner Hugh Harman. The animators who took over the Merrie Melodies cartoons dropped the Piggy character (as well as his girlfriend Fluffy) and turned the series into a string of one-shots.
Piggy's coloration and dress were identical to those of the Walt Disney character Mickey Mouse before the advent of color film. John Kenworthy argues that, considering the fact that some sketches of mice that Hugh Harman had drawn in 1925 were the inspiration for the creation of Mickey Mouse, Harman and Ising never intended to copy Disney.
Despite their clichéd lead character, Ising's two Piggy shorts are well received by some critics. In the first, You Don't Know What You're Doin'!, Piggy visits a surreal nightclub where he heckles and plays with the club's jazz band. Cartoon historians Jerry Beck and Will Friedwald call this "the definitive Harman-Ising Warner film: the characters are cute, the humor is gross, the visuals are uninhibited, and the music is red hot."
This was followed by Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land, also in 1931. Here, Piggy plays a steamboat captain who must rescue a drowning Uncle Tom. Due to its stereotypical portrayal of the Uncle Tom character, the cartoon is included among the so-called "Censored 11", Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts that are withheld from circulation due to their heavy use of ethnic stereotypes. Piggy never starred in another cartoon, although he continued to appear at the end of every short up to 1932's You're Too Careless with Your Kisses!
In 1936, Animator Friz Freleng created another character named Piggy. This character was given lighter, more white color with distinguishing birthmarks. The redesigned character appeared as a gluttonous child in a large family of pigs in At Your Service Madame (which gives his full name as Piggy Hamhock), where he leads his fellow siblings in foiling a bum's attempt to rob their mother.
A year later, the new Piggy starred in Pigs Is Pigs in which his gluttony takes center stage. This is his final appearance. After this, he is discarded, with his character traits transferred for a time to Porky Pig.
# Surendra Nagar

Surendra Nagar may refer to:
* Surendra Singh Nagar (born 1965), Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh
* Surendranagar district, an administrative district in Saurashtra region, Gujarat, India
* Surendranagar Lok Sabha constituency, Gujarat, India
* Surendranagar Dudhrej, a municipality in Surendranagar district, Gujarat, India
# Cortinarius quarciticus

Cortinarius quarciticus is an agaric fungus of the genus Cortinarius found in Europe. It was described as new to science in 1994.
# Seale-Hayne College

Seale-Hayne College was an agricultural college in Devon, England, which operated from 1919 to 2005. It was the only agricultural college in the United Kingdom whose buildings were purpose designed and built. It was located 3 miles from Newton Abbot.
The college was established in accordance with the will of Charles Seale Hayne (1833-1903), a Liberal politician who was a Devon land-owner. The college was built between 1912 and 1914, but its opening was delayed by the start of the First World War. During the war it served as a training centre for Land Girls, and in 1918 and 1919 it operated as a military neurasthenic hospital for the treatment of soldiers suffering from shell shock.
The first students arrived in 1920. During the Second World War the college was used for the training of the second Women's Land Army. After the war the college was significantly expanded, and by 1986 there were over 1,000 students. In 1989 the college merged with Plymouth Polytechnic to form the Seale-Hayne Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Land Use, Polytechnic South West, and Polytechnic South West became the University of Plymouth in 1992. In 2005 the university closed the college, and staff and students were transferred to Plymouth.
Until 31 January 2019 the Seale-Hayne site was used by Dame Hannah Rogers Trust, which provided education, therapy, care and respite for children and young people with profound physical disabilities as well as a centre to hold events to raise funds for the Dame Hannah Rogers School in Ivybridge.
Notable former pupils of the College, known as "Seale-Haynians", include:
* T C Ivens (1921-1988), orchid grower, fly fisherman and author.
* Richard Ashworth (born 1947), dairy farmer and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP).
* Adam Henson (born 1966), English farmer, author and television presenter.
# The Stone Gate

The Stone Gate (Kamenita vrata) is a 1992 Croatian film directed by Ante Babaja, starring Ivica Kunčević and Vedrana Međimorec.

## Plot

Branko Boras, a physician (Ivica Kunčević), is writing a book about the afterlife. Alienated from the world, with a failed marriage behind him, he meets Ana (Vedrana Međimorec), a somewhat mysterious woman who is a wife of a nouveau riche (Kruno Šarić). In her, Boras recognizes a soulmate, and they become close. His health is however, seriously failing, and reality and imagination begin to mix on his journey to the beyond...

## Sources

* "Kamenita vrata". kinotuskanac.hr (in Croatian). Croatian Film Association. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
* "Kamenita vrata". Baza HR kinematografije (in Croatian). Croatian Film Association. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
* "Kamenita vrata". mojtv.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 28 August 2020.
# Consort Yuan

Consort Yuan may refer to:

## Imperial consorts with the surname Yuan

* Yuan Qigui (405–440), wife of Liu Yilong (Emperor Wen of Liu Song)
* Empress Yuan (Northern Qi) (died after 580), wife of Gao Yan (Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi)
* Yuan Humo (died 616), wife of Yuwen Jue (Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou)
* Yuan Leshang (born 565), concubine of Yuwen Yun (Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou)
* Consort Yuan (Ma Yin) (died 933?), concubine of Ma Yin, ruler of Ma Chu

## Imperial consorts with the title Consort Yuan

* Consort Yuan (Hong Taiji) (1593–1612), concubine of Hong Taiji, ruler of Later Jin
* Jia Yuanchun, fictional character from Dream of the Red Chamber
# Frea bimaculata

Frea bimaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1942.
# Pickala Manor

Pickala Manor (Finnish: Pikkalan kartano, Swedish: Pickala gård) is a historical manor house in Siuntio in Finland. The current main building was built in 1850 according to architect A. F. Granstedt's blueprints. Pickala Manor is owned privately and acts as a private home. The historical manor house together with the surrounding land area builds a Significant Built Cultural Environment of State Interest and therefore the area is protected by law. Protection of the area is monitored by the Finnish Heritage Agency.
Pickala Manor has also acted as a set for two Finnish movies, The Snow Queen (Finnish: Lumikuningatar) and Onnelliset leikit.

## History

Pickala Manor was established originally in 1590 by the noble family Fleming, the owners of nearby Suitia Manor. Before the 1660s the manor house was situated a bit father away from where it is now located. Pickala Manor was separated from the lands of Suitia Manor in 1815 and annexed to the lands of Sjundby Manor. In the end of the 19th century Pickala became an independent estate of its own.
The historical King's Road between Turku and Vyborg passes Pickala on the northern side of the manor. The Flemings of Suitia Manor founded a port by the Baltic Sea near Pickala Manor. This port was situated by the mouth of river Pikkalanjoki.

### Main building

Pickala Manor's main building is located in the end of a small sand avenue with a line of trees running along each side. The current main building in empire style was built by general A. F. Silfverhjelm, who then owned the manor house, in 1850. Blueprints were made by architect A. F. Granstedt. General Silfverhjelm built also a large stone cow house. The courtyard consist also of a bakery cottage from the 1700s, inspector's house from the 1800s and a stall in art nouveau style from 1913.
The garden and park area of Pickala Manor has remained almost unchanged since 1872.

### Soviet rental era

After the Second World War the area of Porkkala Naval Base was rented for the Soviet Union. Parts of municipalities of Siuntio, Kirkkonummi, Ingå and Degerby were left on the Soviet side of the border and people had to evacuate their homes. Also Pickala Manor was part of the rental area and the main building was used as a home for 20 families, judged by the amount of stoves that had been built inside. After Porkkala Naval Base was returned to Finland also Pickala was returned to its rightful owners. Soviet era had left its marks and the manor house was in need of extensive reparation.
A cobblestone road, a so-called Kabanov's artillery road, leads to Pickala Manor. This road was built by Soviet troops to make it better support the weight of heavy armoured military vehicles. A Soviet triumphal arch has been preserved by this road. There used to be more of these triumphal arches across the rental area but only the one in Pickala has survived. Many monuments built by Soviet soldiers were torn down after the area was returned to Finland and people were able to return to their homes.

## Images

* Pickala Manor in 1912.
* Pickala manor, the northern facade in 1912.
* Pickala Manor and garden in 1912.
# Ripiphorus schwarzi

Ripiphorus schwarzi is a species of wedge-shaped beetle in the family Ripiphoridae. It is found in North America.
# Crime in Rhode Island

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] In 2019, there were 25 murders, 491 rapes, 418 robberies, and 2,321 burglaries reported in the U.S. state of Rhode Island.

## Capital punishment laws

Capital punishment is not applied in this state.

## History

The first formal law system in Rhode Island was established in 1647, which created a code, which was based on the English criminal code, but could also be changed to the likings of the colonists. According to this, each person was disallowed from Murder, Witchcraft, Burglary, Theft, Fornication, and High Treason, the latter requiring being sent to trial in England, and the rest being punishable by imprisonment.
# Lake Lotta

Lake Lotta is a kidney-shaped natural freshwater lake in Orange County, Florida. Florida State Road 50 (West Colonial Drive) travels over this lake. To the east are shopping areas and to the north, south and west are residential areas. The only public access to this lake is along Vizcaya Lake Road, along part of the southeast shore of the lake. There are no swimming areas or public boat ramps on this lake. No reliable fishing information exists for Lake Lotta on online sites.
# Douglas Adams (disambiguation)

Douglas Adams (1952–2001) was an English writer and dramatist.
Douglas or Doug Adams may also refer to:
* Douglas Adams (cricketer) (1876–1931), American cricketer
* Douglas Adams (engineer), American engineer
* Douglas Q. Adams, Indo-Europeanist academic and professor
* Doug Adams (American football) (1949–1997), American football player
* Doug Adams (baseball) (born 1943), MLB player
* Doug Adams (music journalist), American music journalist and author
* Doug Adams (television producer), American television producer
* Douglas Adams, CEO of Adams Cable
# Steven Schmidt

Steven J. Schmidt is an American media entrepreneur and a political and environmental activist.

## Biography

Steven Schmidt was the lieutenant governor nominee of the Green Party in New Mexico in 1994, receiving 10.4 percent of the vote, an unusually high percent of the vote for third party candidates. As a result of the vote, the New Mexico Green Party became the first independent political party in the state’s history to qualify as a major party with ballot-access under state election law.
After the campaign, Schmidt was nominated for a constitutional position on the New Mexico State Board of Education and confirmed by the Legislature. As "constitutional officers" the Board members were responsible for policy, management and oversight of over 50 percent of the state budget.
Schmidt was an adviser to the Center for Voting and Democracy and from 1993-2003 collaborated with Green party advocates to build a major third-party. After the 1994 New Mexico election, Schmidt put forward a Green model for organizing a platform-based national campaign. Schmidt became the key drafter of the founding platform of the Green Party of the United States as chairperson of the Platform committee from 1995–2001 and became a principal figure in the formation of the national Green Party.
In the international arena, Steve Schmidt created a first-of-its-kind 1999 "Blue-Green" initiative bringing labor groups and environmentalists together for sustainable jobs and conservation; proposed and co-drafted the initial "Common Ground Platform" aligning U.S. Greens and thirty two European Green parties; participated in the subsequent proposal and drafting of the first international "Global Greens Charter" and in 2004 attended the founding meeting of the European Green Party in Rome, Italy.
In 1998, Senator Paul Wellstone, who reviewed campaign finance and voting reform proposals with Schmidt from 1990 on, met in Albuquerque with Schmidt to discuss his writing for the Senator’s exploratory committee for President. Schmidt agreed and worked with him until his decision in 1999 to abandon the campaign due to health issues. In 2004, Schmidt co-established the Green Institute/Green Policy360 with Dean Myerson and co-authored with Roger Morris its first strategic policy paper, "Strategic Demands of the 21st Century: A New Vision for a New World". He co-established the Green Policy wiki site in 2004 to "compete with the Republican’s Legislative Exchange, ALEC strategy." A writer on security and peace issues, Schmidt co-organized the 2006 "Surviving Victory" conference in Washington, DC.
# Thomas Burman (sculptor)

Thomas Burman (1618–1674) was a 17th century English sculptor based in London.

## Life

Born in London in 1618 of Jewish parentage he was indentured as a bound apprentice to mason and sculptor Edward Marshall in 1633. He began working independently around 1640.
Around 1650 he took on John Bushnell as an apprentice who proved a worthy student. Andre Charles Boulle also studied under him.
He died on 17 March 1674 in the parish of St Martin's and is buried in the churchyard of St Paul's in Covent Garden in central London.

## Family

He was married to Rebekeh (Rebecca). They had a son Balthasar Burman who was also a sculptor - his most notable work being the tomb of Bishop Brian Duppa in Westminster Abbey.

## Known works

* Statue of Anna Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury (1671) at St. John's College, Cambridge
* Fireplace for Sir Robert Clayton's banking house (1671) in Old Jewry
* Memorial to John Dutton in Church of St Mary Magdalene in Sherborne
* Memorial to Mrs and Rev Beale (1672) at Walton, Buckinghamshire
* Memorial to John Ashburnham (1672) in the parish church of Ashburnham, East Sussex
# Frea bituberculata

Frea bituberculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1964.
# Betsihaka

Betsihaka or Betsiaka is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It is part of the district of Ambilobe, which is in the Diana Region. According to the 2001 commune census, the population of Betsihaka was 10,661.
The genus Triadobatrachus, an extinct amphibian, was discovered there.
Only primary schooling is available in the town. 60% of the population are farmers, while an additional 38% receive their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice; other important products are maize and seeds of catechu. Industry and services each provide employment for 1% of the population.

## Roads

Betsiaka is situated on the National road 5a.

## Protected areas

* Andrafiamena Andavakoera New Protected Area

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 13 February 2008.
13°9′S 49°14′E﻿ / ﻿13.150°S 49.233°E﻿ / -13.150; 49.233
* This Diana Region of Madagascar location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Susan McGahey

Susan Bell McGahey (1862 - November 16, 1919) was the matron of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital from 1891 to 1904. McGahey was also co-founder of the Australasian Trained Nurses' Association in 1899 and president of the International Council of Nurses from 1904 to 1909.

## Early life and education

Susan Bell McGahey was born in 1862 in Stewartstown, Ireland. She was partially homeschooled before attending a college in Belfast where she received multiple awards and scholarships. After moving to England in the 1870s, McGahey completed her nursing training at The London Hospital in 1886. with an additional certificate at the Obstetrical Society of London.

## Career

McGahey initially started her nurse training as a Paying Probationer at The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London in 1884. She transferred to become a Regular Probationer and completed her training under Eva Luckes in 1886. From December 1887 until August 1889 she worked at The London as a Holiday Sister, and then Ward Sister before moving to Australia because of her health. Upon arriving in Australia in 1890, McGahey became a matron at Carrington Convalescent Hospital in Camden, New South Wales. Later in 1890 she became Matron's Assistant at the Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney.The following year, she replaced Catherine C. Downs as matron of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in 1891. As matron, she introduced recommendations about the training and hiring of nurses in New South Wales. One of her charges was Isla Stuart Blomfield who would go on to be another leading nurse. In 1901 McGahey and Blomfield went on a tour of American hospitals. In 1904, McGahey resigned from the RPAH because the then Chairman of the Board of Directors, Professor Anderson Stuart refused to allow her to establish a nurse training school. McGahey moved to Charlemont Private Hospital where she opened a training hospital for nurses.
Outside of her career as a matron, McGahey was a co-founder of the Australasian Trained Nurses' Association in 1899. During her time at the ATNA, McGahey was elected president of the International Council of Nurses in 1904. She remained at the ATNA as a secretary until 1912.

## Death

McGahey died from cancer on 16 November 1919 in Carlingford, New South Wales, Australia.
# Country Teachers

Country Teachers (Chinese: 凤凰琴) is a 1993 Chinese drama film directed by He Qun. The film was selected as the Chinese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Cast

* Li Baotian as Principal Yu
* Ju Xue as Zhang Yingzi
* Wang Xueqi as Sun Shihai
* Xiu Zongdi as Uncle
* Sun Qian as Deng Youmei
* Ding Jiali as Deng's Wife
# Scymnus barberi

Scymnus barberi, is a species of beetle found in the family Coccinellidae. It is found in North America.
# Erin McGraw

Erin McGraw (born 1957) is an American author, known primarily for works of fiction, both short stories and novels. Her generous, genial works often depicts familial relations with cold-eyed optimism.

## Work

Her first book, the story collection Bodies at Sea (1989), features a range of characters from a coal miner to college professor who engage in surprising actions. Her next story collection, Lies of the Saints (1996), which explores themes including marriage and parenthood through quirky stories about endearing misfits, was described by The New York Times as a "gratifyingly substantial" work featuring "savvy, sardonic women". The Good Life (2004), which features characters battling daily demons of envy, fear, and disillusionment while somehow maintaining an abiding optimism. Her novels include The Baby Tree (2002), The Seamstress of Hollywood Boulevard (2008), which draws on her own family history to describe the price one woman pays for independence, and Better Food for a Better World (2013), the story of six idealistic college friends who band together to open the Natural High Ice Cream parlor only to find life intruding on their dreams, until … . Her short work has appeared in The Atlantic Monthly, Good Housekeeping, The Southern Review, and The Kenyon Review.

## Awards

A former Wallace Stegner Fellow at Stanford University (1988–90), she has received fellowships from the Ohio Arts Council and the corporations of MacDowell and Yaddo.

## Personal life

Born and raised in Redondo Beach, California, McGraw received her MFA at Indiana University Bloomington and has lived in the Midwest ever since. Now an emeritus member of the faculty, McGraw taught in the MFA in Creative Writing program at the Ohio State University alongside her husband, the poet Andrew Hudgins, until her retirement.