OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apparatus theory

Apparatus theory, derived in part from Marxist film theory, semiotics, and psychoanalysis, was a dominant theory within cinema studies during the 1970s, following the 1960s when psychoanalytical theories for film were popular.

## Overview

Apparatus theory maintains that cinema is by nature ideological because its mechanics of representation are ideological, and because the films are created to represent reality. Its mechanics of representation include the camera and editing. The central position of the spectator within the perspective of the composition is also ideological. In the simplest instance the cinematic apparatus purports to set before the eye and ear realistic images and sounds. However, the technology disguises how that reality is put together frame by frame.
The meaning of a film, plus the way the viewing subject is constructed and the mechanics of the actual process and production of making the film affect the representation of the subject. This effect is ideological because it is a reproduced reality and the cinematic experience affects the viewer on a deep level. This theory is explored in the work of Jean-Louis Baudry. This is where the Marxist aspect of the theory comes into play.
The idea is that the passive viewers (or Marx's proletariat) cannot tell the difference between the world of cinema and film and the real world. These viewers identify with the characters on screen so strongly that they become susceptible to ideological positioning. In Baudry's theory of the apparatus he likens the movie-goer to someone in a dream. He relates the similarities of being in a darkened room, having someone else control your actions/what you do, and the inactivity and passivity of the two activities. He goes on to say that because movie-goers are not distracted by outside light, noise, etc., due to the nature of a movie theater, they are able to experience the film as if it were reality and they were experiencing the events themselves.
Apparatus theory also argues that cinema maintains the dominant ideology of the culture within the viewer. Ideology is not imposed on cinema, but is part of its nature and it shapes the way the audience thinks.
Apparatus theory follows an institutional model of spectatorship.

## Apparatus theorists

(this is an incomplete list)
* Gregory Ulmer
* Louis Althusser - Marxist writer who wrote about mirror mis-recognition and the role it plays in forming identities, to explore the relationship between cinema goers and film texts.
* Jean-Louis Comolli
* Christian Metz - argued that viewing film is only possible by voyeurism (or ‘scopophilia’: Greek for love of looking), best seen in silent film.
* Giorgio Agamben
* Laura Mulvey
* Peter Wollen
* Jean-Louis Baudry - argued that Bazin's film theory was metaphysical.
# Apóstol Santiago

Apóstol Santiago is a ward (barrio) of Madrid belonging to the district of Hortaleza.
40°28′35″N 3°39′29″W﻿ / ﻿40.47639°N 3.65806°W﻿ / 40.47639; -3.65806
* This article about a location in the Community of Madrid, Spain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Apóstoles Department

Apóstoles is a department in the southeast of the province of Misiones, Argentina. Its head is the homonymous locality.
It borders the departments of Capital, Leandro N. Alem, Concepción, with the province of Corrientes, and the Federative Republic of Brazil. The department has an area of 1,035 km², equivalent to 3.48% of the total province. Its population is 51,169 inhabitants, according to the 2022 census (INDEC).

## Education

In the town of Apóstoles, there is the rural secondary school mediated by technology, located in the rural neighborhood 3 kilometers from the urban center.
# Nels Johnson

Nels Johnson (1838–1915) was a Danish-American professional mechanic and engineer. Johnson died in Manistee on January 20, 1915, at the age of 76.
# Chica Xavier

Francisca Xavier Queiroz de Jesus (22 January 1932 – 8 August 2020), known professionally as Chica Xavier, was a Brazilian actress and producer. Xavier worked in stage, film, and television. She was known primarily for her work in Rede Globo's telenovelas, but was active in stage for 60 years. Xavier was born in Salvador, Bahia. She was married to actor Clementino Kelé.
Xavier started working at 14 years as bookbinder at the Official Press of the State of Bahia. She moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1953 and studied theater with Pascoal Carlos Magno. Her theater debut was on September 25, 1956 at the Teatro Municipal. Xavier acted in Orfeu da Conceição alongside Haroldo Costa, Léa Garcia, Cyro Monteiro, Dirce Paiva, Clementino Kelé, among others. Xavier played the role of Dama Negra, which symbolized Death; she recited verses from Vinícius de Moraes and danced to atabaques, or Afro-Brazilian drumming.
Xavier's film debut was in Assalto ao Trem Pagador in 1962, directed by Roberto Farias. She then worked in several Rede Globo productions. In 1973 Xavier debuted on TV in the telenovela Os Ossos do Barão. She played more than 50 characters on television, and was a cast member in Sinhá Moça, Dancin' Days, Renascer, Pátria Minha, Força de um Desejo, and the miniseries Tenda dos Milagres, where she played the mãe-de-santo Magé Bassã.
Xavier published Chica Xavier canta sua prosa: Cantigas, louvações e rezas para os orixás in 1999. The book had a preface by her friend Miguel Falabella, and was illustrated by her daughter Izabela d'Oxóssi. She was the subject of a biography in 2013 by Teresa Montero titled Chica Xavier: Mãe do Brasil. Xavier was born at a Candomblé terreiro, or temple. She was the leader of a Candomblé religious community in Rio de Janeiro, the Cercado de Boiadeiro.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1962 | O Assalto ao Trem Pagador | Lino's wife | |
| 1973 | Um Virgem na Praça | | |
| 1975 | Uma Mulata Para Todos | | |
| 1979 | Lerfá Mú | | |
| 1979 | A Deusa Negra | | |
| 1983 | Inocência | | |
| 1986 | Sinhá Moça | Virgínia | TV series |
| 1988 | Fera Radical | Júlia | TV series |
| 1993 | Encontros imperfeitos | D. Joana | |
| 1993 | Renascer | Inácia | |
| 1996 | O Rei do Gado | | TV series |
| 1999 | Força de um Desejo | Rosália | TV series |
| 2001 | A Partilha | Bá Toinha | |
| 2002 | Esperança | Nhá Rita | TV series |
| 2004 | Um Só Coração | Isolina | TV mini-series |
| 2006 | Só Deus Sabe | Mãe de Santo | |
| 2007-2008 | Duas Caras | Setembrina | 51 episodes |
| 2010 | Nosso Lar | Ismália | |
| 2016 | Mulheres no Poder | Senadora entrevistada | (final film role) |
# Apostolic Nunciature to Mauritania

The Apostolic Nunciature to Mauritania is the diplomatic mission of the Holy See to Mauritania. The Apostolic Nuncio to Mauritania is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Mauritania, with the rank of an ambassador. The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of Mauritania and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Mauritania and the pope.
Since its creation in 1973, the post of Nuncio to Mauritania has been held by the archbishop who is Nuncio to Senegal; the Nuncio to Mauritania resides in Dakar, Senegal.
In 1948, the Holy See established the Delegation to Dakar led by Marcel-François Lefebvre to represent its interests in French colonial Africa. Following the decolonization of the region, the title of that position was changed to Apostolic Delegate to Western Africa on 23 September 1960 and given responsibility for Senegal, Upper Volta, Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey (Benin), Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan, Togo, Ghana, Gambia, and Sierra Leone. Over the next decade, as the Vatican established relationships with individual countries, country-specific offices were created, including the Delegations to Guinea, Togo, Mali, and Mauritania on 21 May 1973.

## List of papal representatives to Mauritania
### Apostolic Delegate

* Giovanni Mariani (17 October 1973 – 11 January 1975)
* Luigi Barbarito (5 April 1975 – 10 June 1978)
* Luigi Dossena (24 October 1978 – 30 December 1985)
* Pablo Puente Buces (15 March 1986 – 31 July 1989)
* Antonio Maria Vegliò (21 October 1989 - 2 October 1997)
* Giuseppe Pinto (4 December 2001 – 6 December 2007)
* Luis Mariano Montemayor (19 June 2008 – 22 June 2015)
* Michael Banach (19 March 2016)

### Apostolic Nuncios

* Michael Banach (13 May 2017 – 3 May 2022)
* Waldemar Stanisław Sommertag (6 September 2022 – present)
# Chendebji

Chendebji (ཅན་དན་སྦྱིས། in Dzongkha) is a village in Trongsa District in central Bhutan.
# Ned Ryan

Ned Ryan, is a former Irish hurler. He played hurling with his local club Borris–Ileigh in the 1950s and was a member of the Tipperary senior inter-county team that won the Munster Senior Hurling Championship and the All-Ireland in 1950 and 1951. He started both All-Ireland final's in the number ten position in the half forward line, and scored a goal in the 1951 All Ireland final against Wexford.
# Aquino Government

The "Aquino Government" or "Aquino government" may refer to either of these two presidencies of the Philippines:
* the presidency of Corazon Aquino, or
* the presidency of Benigno Aquino III
# Neoporteria

Neoporteria may refer to:
* the cactus genus Eriosyce
* the Amaurobiidae spider genus Neoporteria (spider)
# Aptychotrema massoniae

Aptychotrema massoniae is an extinct species of guitarfish, belonging to the family Rhinobatidae. Its only known fossil remains belong to the of Cenomanian age.
# Aptychonitis

Aptychonitis is a genus of Scarabaeidae or scarab beetles in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea.
# Nerds by Nature

Nerds by Nature is the fifth extended play by electronic duo Pegboard Nerds. Nerds by Nature was released on 13 January 2017, by independent electronic music label Monstercat.

## Background and composition

When announcing Nerds by Nature, Odden and Parsberg stated “We are very excited for this release! It went back and forth from being an EP and an album but ultimately we ended up with an EP as we felt that would be a stronger package. We’re stoked to have people finally hear the tracks in their full glory”.

## Reception and release

Nerds by Nature gained generally positive reviews with Cameron Sunkel of EDM.com stating "there's perhaps no better time to be a fan, as this EP truly has something to offer everyone". Landon Fleury of YourEDM stated "Though Nerds by Nature contains much of the duo’s highest quality material, this clumsy disorganization makes the EP difficult to enjoy as a solid body of work". Harsh Makwana stated "It’s quite apparent that Nerds By Nature is one heck of a musical ride that you wouldn’t want to miss".

## Nerds by Nature (The Remixes)

A remix EP was released on 16 May 2017. The EP features 5 remixes from various artists including RIOT, Virtual Riot, Andy C, Gammer, and Quiet Disorder as well as a vocal VIP of Melodymania featuring Anna Yvette as the vocalist.

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Top Dance/Electronic Albums (Billboard) | 12 |
# Nere

Nere may refer to:

## People

* Mitchell Nere (born 1988), Indonesian footballer
* Nicolae Nere (born 1981), Romanian rugby union player
* Rully Nere (born 1957), Indonesian football coach

## Places

* Néré, a commune in the Charente-Maritime department, France
* Nere, Mulshi, a village in Maharashtra, India
* Lac Nère, a lake in Hautes-Pyrénées, France

## Other uses

* Nerë language
# Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 2010

23rd CFCA Awards
December 20, 2010
Best Film:
The Social Network
The 23rd Chicago Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2010, were announced on December 20, 2010.

## Winners and nominees
### Best Actor

Colin Firth – The King's Speech
* Jeff Bridges – True Grit
* Jesse Eisenberg – The Social Network
* James Franco – 127 Hours
* Ryan Gosling – Blue Valentine

### Best Actress

Natalie Portman – Black Swan
* Annette Bening – The Kids Are All Right
* Jennifer Lawrence – Winter's Bone
* Lesley Manville – Another Year
* Michelle Williams – Blue Valentine

### Best Animated Film

Toy Story 3
* Despicable Me
* How to Train Your Dragon
* The Illusionist
* Tangled

### Best Cinematography

Inception – Wally Pfister
* Black Swan – Matthew Libatique
* Shutter Island – Robert Richardson
* The Social Network – Jeff Cronenweth
* True Grit – Roger Deakins

### Best Director

David Fincher – The Social Network
* Darren Aronofsky – Black Swan
* Debra Granik – Winter's Bone
* Tom Hooper – The King's Speech
* Christopher Nolan – Inception

### Best Documentary Film

Exit Through the Gift Shop
* Inside Job
* Restrepo
* The Tillman Story
* Waiting for "Superman"

### Best Film

The Social Network
* Black Swan
* Inception
* The King's Speech
* Winter's Bone

### Best Foreign Language Film

A Prophet, France
* Biutiful, Mexico
* The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, Sweden
* I Am Love, Italy
* Mother, South Korea

### Best Original Score

Black Swan – Clint Mansell
* I Am Love – John Adams
* Inception – Hans Zimmer
* The Social Network – Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross
* True Grit – Carter Burwell

### Best Screenplay – Adapted

The Social Network – Aaron Sorkin
* Rabbit Hole – David Lindsay-Abaire
* Toy Story 3 – Michael Arndt
* True Grit – Joel Coen and Ethan Coen
* Winter's Bone – Debra Granik and Anne Rosellini

### Best Screenplay – Original

Inception – Christopher Nolan
* Black Swan – Mark Heyman, Andres Heinz and John McLaughlin
* Four Lions – Chris Morris, Jesse Armstrong, and Sam Bain
* The Kids Are All Right – Lisa Cholodenko and Stuart Blumberg
* The King's Speech – David Seidler

### Best Supporting Actor

Christian Bale – The Fighter
* Andrew Garfield – The Social Network
* John Hawkes – Winter's Bone
* Mark Ruffalo – The Kids Are All Right
* Geoffrey Rush – The King's Speech

### Best Supporting Actress

Hailee Steinfeld – True Grit
* Amy Adams – The Fighter
* Helena Bonham Carter – The King's Speech
* Melissa Leo – The Fighter
* Jacki Weaver – Animal Kingdom

### Most Promising Filmmaker

Derek Cianfrance – Blue Valentine
* Banksy – Exit Through the Gift Shop
* David Michôd – Animal Kingdom
* Aaron Schneider – Get Low
* John Wells – The Company Men

### Most Promising Performer

Jennifer Lawrence – Winter's Bone
* Armie Hammer – The Social Network
* Katie Jarvis – Fish Tank
* Tahar Rahim – A Prophet
* Hailee Steinfeld – True Grit
# Neparholaspis serratichela

Neparholaspis serratichela is a species of mite in the family Parholaspididae.
# Neparholaspis monticola

Neparholaspis monticola is a species of mite in the family Parholaspididae.
# Arbas

Arbas (Arbàs in Occitan) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Neritoida

Neritoida was a taxonomic order of sea snails, freshwater snails and land snails, gastropod molluscs. This order was placed within the superorder Neritopsina within the order Orthogastropoda. Now see Neritoidea.

## Superfamilies

Superfamilies within the order Neritoida were:
* Helicinoidea
* Hydrocenoidea
* Neritoidea
* Neritopsoidea
* Symmetrocapuloidea
# Arabian Nights and Days

Arabian Nights and Days is a 1982 novel by Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. The novel serves as a sequel and companion piece for One Thousand and One Nights and includes many of the same characters that appeared in the original work such as Shahryar, Scheherazade, and Aladdin.
# Aghaboy, County Antrim

Aghaboy is a townland in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Toome Upper and the civil parish of Drummaul and covers an area of 286 acres
The name derives from the Irish: Achadh Bui (yellow field).
The population of the townland decreased during the 19th century:
| Year | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 |
| Population | 150 | 107 | 130 | 118 | 131 | 76 |
| Houses | 26 | 23 | 25 | 22 | 24 | 17 |
The decrease in population between 1881 and 1891 was attributed to emigration and removals.
# Raphael Andergassen

Raphael Andergassen (born 16 June 1993) is an Italian ice hockey player for HC Pustertal Wölfe in the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL) and the Italian national team.
He participated at the 2017 IIHF World Championship.
# Crime Against Joe

Crime Against Joe is a 1956 American film noir crime film directed by Lee Sholem and written by Robert C. Dennis. The film stars John Bromfield, Julie London, Henry Calvin, Patricia Blair, Joel Ashley and Robert Keys.

## Plot

A Korean War veteran is accused of the murder of a night club singer in Tucson, Arizona. A high school pin was found on the scene of the crime and the veteran's pin is missing. However, when the crime was committed, the veteran was leading a female somnambulist to her home but her over-protective father gives a false testimony to the district attorney. "Slacks", a female friend, gives him a false alibi but the police soon sort that out. The veteran thinks that one of his fellow high school students from 1945 was the murderer. He has got possible suspects on a list. Is the murderer among them?

## Cast

* John Bromfield as Joe Manning
* Julie London as Frances 'Slacks' Bennett
* Henry Calvin as Red Waller
* Patricia Blair as Christine 'Christy' Rowen
* Joel Ashley as Philip Rowen
* Robert Keys as Detective Sgt. Hollander
* Alika Louis as Irene Crescent
* John Pickard as Harry Dorn
* Frances Morris as Nora Manning
* Rhodes Reason as George Niles
* Mauritz Hugo as Dr. Louis Tatreau
* Joyce Jameson as Gloria Wayne
* Morgan Jones as Luther Woods
* James Parnell as Ralph Corey
* Addison Richards as District Attorney Roy Kasden
# Falseuncaria kaszabi

Falseuncaria kaszabi is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi) and Mongolia.
# Riana, Tasmania

Riana (pronounced rye-anna) is a small town in the North West region of Tasmania, south-west of the Dial Range. It is located west of the popular tourist town, Penguin. Riana and its smaller neighbouring town South Riana are a part of the municipality of the Central Coast Council
At the 2021 census, Riana had a population of 313, and neighbouring South Riana had 212.
The fertile red soil hosts paddocks of vegetables (particularly potatoes) and dairy farms.

## History

Riana Post Office opened on 1 August 1899. Riana South Post Office opened on 20 January 1908. The current school, Riana Primary School, has been in its current location since the 1960s. Multiple schools existed in the vicinity of Riana after World War Two; however, they were closed due to a lack of teachers.
# Portland Group

Portland Group may refer to:
* The Portland Group, a computer company
* Portland Group (geology) or Portlandian, a series of rock strata from the Late Jurassic of southern England
# Primary form

Primary form is used in surface metrology to refer to the over-all shape of a surface which can be measured quantitatively.
# Primary fissure of cerebellum

The monticulus of the cerebellum is divided by the primary fissure (or preclival fissure) into an anterior, raised part, the culmen or summit, and a posterior sloped part, the clivus; the quadrangular lobule is similarly divided.

## Additional images

* Animation. Primary fissure shown in red.
* Close up animation. Primary fissure shown in red.
* Dissection video (1 min 20 s). Demonstrating the three cerebellar lobes. "V-shaped fissure" is the primary fissure.
# Edward Hyde (Northamptonshire cricketer)

Edward Hyde (18 March 1881 – 9 October 1941) was an English cricketer who played for Northamptonshire. He was born in Earls Barton and died in Cambridge.
Hyde made a single first-class appearance, during the 1907 season, against Kent. From the tailend, he scored 3 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and a duck in the second innings. Northamptonshire lost the match by an innings margin.
Hyde took two catches during the match.
# Efrenk River

Efrenk River (also called Suntras or Arslanlöy River in the upper reaches and Müftü River in the lower reaches) is a short river in Mersin Province, Turkey. It was originally called Efrenk River. After a mosque named Müftü Mosque was built by the river in Mersin, it was popularly renamed Müftü River.

## Geography

The headwaters are in the Toros Mountains, near the town of Arslanköy and the village of Atlılar (Sadiye). The river runs east and then south, flowing to the Mediterranean Sea within the city of Mersin at 36°47′06″N 34°37′16″E﻿ / ﻿36.78500°N 34.62111°E﻿ / 36.78500; 34.62111. In fact the river is the borderline between the second level municipalities of Mersin; Yenişehir is to the west and Akdeniz and Toroslar are to the east of the river. There are five bridges within Mersin and one on the Çukurova motorway just north of the city.

## Hydrology

The drainage basin is only 480 square kilometres (190 sq mi) in area. But the altitudes of the headwaters are about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Thus the river flows fast. Like the other locations of the Mediterranean Region annual precipitation is mostly in the spring and the winter. So the flow rate is highly irregular depending on the season. While the average flow rate is quite low, 303 m$^3$/s (10700 ft$^3$/s) had been recorded during the flood of 2001.

## Arslanköy pond

Arslanköy Pond is an artificial pond on the upper reaches of the river. The storage capacity is 1.3 hm$^3$ (1.7·10$^6$yd$^3$) and the total irrigation area is about 1.51 km$^2$ (0.69 mi$^2$).
# Efreytor Bakalovo

Efreytor Bakalovo is a village in the municipality of Krushari, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.
# Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile (TV series)

Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile (transl. Even Having Met, We Did Not Meet) is an Indian drama television series which aired on Dangal from 19 February 2024. It was produced by Masterstoke Productions. It currently stars Diksha Dhami, Adhik Mehta and Manisha Saxena. It formerly starred Zohaib Siddiqui and Manisha Saxena in the lead roles.

## Plot

Reva was only six months old when her parents separated from her, leaving her in the care of a greedy couple who exploited her luck for financial gain. They planned to marry her off to an elderly man for his wealth, but Rajveer Chauhan intervened and rescued her. As Reva grows closer to Rajveer, she discovers that he is engaged to her sister Shruti, and her own feelings for him become more complicated. Eventually Rajveer dies after getting shot leaving Reva and Shruti as widows.

### 5 Year Later

Reva is shown living as a widow eventually she marries Raghav Bhansingh.

## Cast
### Main

* Diksha Dhami as Reva Dikshit Bhansingh (formerly Chauhan): Mohan and Anu's younger / long lost daughter; Shruti's younger sister; Rajveer's widow; Raghav's wife (2024)
* Adhik Mehta as Raghav Bhansingh: Reva's second husband(2024)
* Manisha Saxena as Shruti Dikshit Chauhan: Rajveer's widow; Mohan and Anu's elder daughter; Reva's elder sister (2024)
* Zohaib Siddiqui as Rajveer Chauhan: Shruti and Reva's husband; Deepak and Kashmira's brother (2024) (Dead)
* Vibhanshu Dixit as Manav

### Recurring

* Vibhanshu Dixit as Manav
* Ruby Thuukral as Dadi
* Parul Chauhan as Kashmira Chauhan: Rajveer and Deepak's elder sister (2024)
* Anjali Gupta as Anu Dixit: Reva and Shruti's mother; Mohan's wife (2024)
* Rajiv Kumar as Mohan Dixit: Reva and Shruti's father; Anu's husband (2024)
* Toral Trivedi as Nandini
* Yeshu Diman as Parul
* Bindiya Kalra
* Mohit Arora as Deepak Chauhan: Rajveer and Kashmira's brother (2024)
* Love Singh as Pramod
* Neelakshi Naithani as Lata Bhansingh: Raghav's paternal aunt

## Production
### Casting

Manisha Saxena, Diksha Dhami, Vibhanshu Dixit and Zohaib Siddiqui were signed as the leads. The series also marks television comeback of Mohit Arora into television after 10 years.
Zohaib Siddiqui and Manisha Saxena quit the show in April 2024. All cast changed After 5 Year Leap.

### Release

The series was announced on Dangal by Masterstoke Productions. Manisha Saxena, Diksha Dhami and Zohaib Siddiqui were signed as the leads. The first promo was released on 3 February 2024 featuring Manisha Saxena, Diksha Dhami and Zohaib Siddiqui. It replaced the television series Purnimaa.