OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement

The Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement (CIFTA) is a free trade agreement between Canada and Israel.

## History

It was signed on July 31, 1996, and came into effect on January 1, 1997. It was Canada's first free trade agreement outside of the Western Hemisphere. 80% Tariffs on most manufactured and agricultural goods were eliminated. However, CIFTA does not affect certain agriculture sectors like poultry, dairy and eggs.
CIFTA was amended in 2002, 2003 and 2015. On May 27, 2019, Bill C-85 went before parliament to amend CIFTA and received royal assent. This most recent amendment was in force from September 1, 2019. The first amendment allows certain products like textiles to undergo some levels of processing in the United States without losing their status while in transit. The second amendment further reduced agricultural tariffs.
CIFTA's main goals include:
* The elimination of trade barriers and tariffs
* Promotion of fair competition
* The increase of investments between the two nations
While Israel is not one of Canada's major trading partners, the Canadian government sought to put Canadian businesses on the same footing as US businesses, who were benefiting from the US-Israel Free Trade Agreement. Bilateral trade increased to $1.24 billion by 2005.

## History of trade balances

| Trade Type | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
| Total Canadian Exports | 385,007 | 399,878 | 265,631 | 379,773 | 449,875 |
| Total Canadian Imports | 1,006,448 | 982,437 | 1,144,827 | 1,059,010 | 1,107,296 |
| Trade Balance | -621,441 | -582,559 | -879,197 | -679,237 | -657,420 |
Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars ($CDN).

## Exploratory discussions for the modernization

There are a number of ongoing discussions for the modernization of the agreement.
# Forward Operating Base Gardez

The Gardez Fire Base was an American outpost in Afghanistan, near the city of Gardez, in the province of Paktia, near the border with Pakistan. The base was approximately 100 kilometers south of Kabul, and was the subject of regular attack in 2003. In mid-August 2011, a truck packed with explosives detonated at the entrance, killing two Afghan guards but otherwise doing minimal damage to the base. The Taliban, however, made spurious claims of massive casualties and destroyed helicopters.
Colonel Burke Garrett published a letter in the Fort Drum Blizzard in which he described the living conditions at the Gardez Fire Base, and its neighboring bases:
   The 1-87 Infantry and A Troop / 3-17 Cav are based out of Orgun-E and Gardez Fire Base respectively, but also located at several smaller bases in the eastern central part of the country, along the border with Pakistan. Living conditions are more austere there due to their remote locations, but they all receive mail, supplies of food and personal items regularly. Phone and e-mail connectivity varies by location, but we are working hard to improve our ability to contact families. They also have monthly helicopter visits from the AAFES staff based out of Bagram and Kandahar, so that they can still purchase items like CDs and magazines for their personal enjoyment.
FOB Gardez was closed in November 2014 by the 319th Movement Control Team from Dover, Delaware (Army Reserve). The FOB was run by the 101st Airborne Division, 1st/506 Infantry Easy Co. (Band of Brothers).

## Custodial death of Jamal Nasser

Jamal Nasser, an Afghan militia soldier in United States' custody, died at Gardez Fire Base on March 16, 2003.
Nasser, 18-year-old Afghan militia soldier was captured with seven other militiamen in March 2003. Members of the Green Beret team who captured Nasser and his comrades were under investigation because it was alleged that they hid his death, colluded and falsified their reports.
In 2004, eighteen months after his death, when Nasser's death in custody was brought to the attention of American headquarters, his death was attributed to a kidney infection.
CBS News reported, on September 21, 2004, that former Paktia Governor Raz Mohammed Dalili confirmed that he had requested a Green Beret officer named "Mike" to apprehend militia soldiers who were conducting illegal roadblocks, on the Khost-Gardez highway, and extorting money from travelers. CBS News identified Dalili as the current Governor of Wardak Province.
Later, an investigation determined that the account of death by natural causes was the result of collusion among the GIs in the Special Forces unit who had custody of Nasser when he died. After a two-year investigation, no one was held responsible for his death. Reprimands were filed in the dossiers of several GIs for the failure to report his death.
# Payson Smith

Payson Smith (February 11, 1873 – March 11, 1963) was an American educator. He served as Superintendent of Schools of Maine from 1907 to 1917 and in that same role (Commissioner of Education) in Massachusetts from 1917 to 1935. He also served on the faculty of the Graduate School of Education at Harvard University and the University of Maine.

## Early life

Born in Portland, Maine, Smith was the son of John Parker and Margaret (Bolton) Smith. His father was a well-known barber in a city hotel. As a child, Smith studied in Portland Public Schools, Westbrook Seminary and Tufts College. He earned a Master of Arts from Tufts in 1903. He also earned an L.L.D. from the University of Maine in 1908.

## Teaching career
### Maine

After teaching classics at Westbrook Seminary for two years, he was hired to be school principal and then superintendent of schools in the small town of Canton, Maine. In 1896 at the age of 23, he was elected superintendent of schools for Rumford and Mexico. Seven years later, in November 1903, Smith left that position when he was hired as superintendent of Auburn public schools after the resignation of Bertram C. Richardson. In 1906, he was elected president of the Maine Teachers' Association and in so doing became the organization's youngest leader at the age of 33. In May 1907, Smith was appointed by Governor William T. Cobb as Maine State Superintendent of Education, replacing William Wallace Stetson. Prior to become state superintendent, Smith was the highest-paid official in the city of Auburn. In that role, he was very actively involved with the National Education Association, which at the time included primarily educational administrators. Smith was replaced in the role of Maine's top educator by Augustus O. Thomas.

### Massachusetts

On July 1, 1916, Smith replaced David Snedden as Commissioner of Education for Massachusetts. The salary was $6,500 per year with a term of five years. In 1932, he was elected as to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was a vocal opponent of the Massachusetts Teachers' Oath, a loyalty oath which required educators to submit signed oaths of loyalty to the state and federal Constitutions. Smith spoke against the oath before it became law but enforced it in his role as Commissioner of Education. Despite this, Democratic Governor James Michael Curley replaced Smith with oath-supporter James G. Reardon in December 1935.
# El Salvador at the 1992 Summer Olympics

El Salvador competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, from 25 July to 9 August 1992. This was the nation's fifth appearance at the Olympics.
Comité Olímpico de El Salvador sent a total of 4 athletes to the Games, 3 men and 1 women, to compete in 3 sports. This is the smallest-ever contingent of Salvadorian athletes at the Games. Swimmer María José Marenco was selected to carry her nation's flag during the opening ceremony.

## Competitors

Comité Olímpico de El Salvador selected a team of 4 athletes, 3 men and 1 women, to compete in 5 sports. Judoka Juan Vargas, at age 29, was the oldest athlete of the team, while swimmer María José Marenco was the youngest at age 15.
The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Athletics | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Judo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Swimming | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 3 | 1 | 4 |

## Athletics
### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 2 | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Angelo Ianuzzelli | Long jump | 7.31 m | 20 | — | — | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Herbert Rodríguez | Discus throw | 43.22 m | 16 | — | — | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |

## Judo
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Repechage 1 | Repechage 2 | Repechage 3 | Final / BM | Final / BM |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Juan Vargas | 71 kg | Mohamed Al-Jalai (YEM) W | Toshihiko Koga (JPN) L | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | =13 |

## Swimming
### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heats | Heats | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| María José Marenco | 200 m freestyle | 2:09.36 | 32 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| María José Marenco | 400 m freestyle | 4:29.32 | 26 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| María José Marenco | 800 m freestyle | 9:09.41 | 20 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
# F. Gilman Spencer

Frederick Gilman Spencer III (December 8, 1925 – June 24, 2011) was an American newspaper editor. He was editor at The Trentonian, Philadelphia Daily News from 1975 to 1984, New York Daily News from 1984 to 1989, and The Denver Post, from 1989 to 1993. "As an editor, Spencer gained a reputation for pulling struggling newspapers back from the brink and inspiring respect and loyalty among his staff. He guided the Philadelphia Daily News for nine years and then in 1984 moved to the New York Daily News, where he reveled in the tabloid wars."
Spencer lived in Manhattan with his wife, Isabel, until his death on June 24, 2011, aged 85.

## Awards

* 1974 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing
* 2003 George Polk Award
# Seguieria

Seguieria is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Petiveriaceae.
Its native range is southern America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (northern, north-east, southern, south-east and west-central), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Tobago and Venezuela.
The genus name of Seguieria is in honour of Jean-François Séguier (1703–1784), a French archaeologist, epigraphist, astronomer and botanist from Nîmes. It was first described and published in Iter Hispan. on page 191 in 1758.

## Known species

According to Kew:
* Seguieria aculeata Jacq.
* Seguieria americana L.
* Seguieria brevithyrsa H.Walter
* Seguieria langsdorffii Moq.
* Seguieria macrophylla Benth.
* Seguieria paraguayensis Morong
# Palazzo Gabrielli-Borromeo

The Palazzo Gabrielli-Borromeo is a palazzo in Rome, Italy. It is located in Via del Seminario, between piazza di Sant'Ignazio and the Pantheon in the ancient Campus Martius and in the second sector of the present-day Colonna rione, not far from Via del Corso.
The first palazzo on the site was built by the Gabrielli family, counts of Gubbio, whilst its second name derives from its rebuilding and redecoration by cardinal Vitaliano Borromeo for use by the Jesuits. In 1605 the Jesuits paid 20,000 Scudos for the palace to use it as a Seminary. The Jesuit order was suppressed during the papacy of Clement XIV. In 1774 the Monte di Pietà of Rome purchased the palace for 32,000 scudi. In 1796 it was given to the fabbrica di San Pietro, however by 1824, it was returned to the Jesuit order.
During the 19th century, the palace ownership changed hands a number of times. Since 1853, it has been attached to Roman Catholic colleges in the city, since 1930 it has been the site of the Jesuit postgraduate institution for Jesuits, the Collegio Bellarmino. The church of San Macuto is accessed from the courtyard.
# Sarir (armoured personnel carrier)

Sarir or Tala'iye is an Iranian 4x4 cross-country armoured personnel carrier developed and produced by DIO's Shahid Kolah Dooz industrial complex. This APC is developed specifically for IRGC. It was unveiled in early 2012 during IRGC's "Shohadaye Vahdat" (Martyrs of unity) wargames.
The APC's main armament is a 14.5 mm KPV heavy machine gun machine gun with a turret similar to Russian BTR series. Like Rakhsh, engine in situated in the front of the vehicle that provides more room for troops inside. It uses different kinds of domestic communication systems to be connected to the command stations and two large antennas are installed to the back. Troop compartment is in the middle of vehicle and is accessed only by 2 doors in the rear. Armor is said to be welded steel which protects from 12.7 mm machine guns. Troops can fire their weapons from 8 small firing ports in the sides.
A list of Iranian military vehicles published in 2020 described the Sarir/Tala'iye as a prototype that did not enter mass production.

## Operators

* Iran - IRGC
# Campana, Buenos Aires

Campana is a city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the seat of the Campana Partido. It is located about 75 km (47 mi) from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, on the right-hand margin of the Paraná River. Its population is 94,333 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [INDEC].
Campana and Zárate make up an important industrial region. The city is linked to Zárate and the Zárate-Brazo Largo Bridge (and from there to Mesopotamia) by Provincial Route 6. The Pan-American Highway (Route 9) links Campana to Buenos Aires, Rosario, Córdoba and the north of Argentina.
The village of Campana was officially created in 1875. It was on July 6, 1885 that Campana Partido was created as an offshoot of the Exaltación de la Cruz Partido.
Campana has been since late 19th century and to a lesser degree today an important shipyard and port for passengers traveling to the remote Ibicuy Islands of the Paraná Delta.
Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda opened a factory in 2011, where it has built the Honda City and Honda HR-V.

## Demographics

Campana has a total of 94,333 inhabitants (INDEC, 2010).

### Population origins

Most of the city's population consists almost entirely by descendants of Italian and Spanish (mostly Galicians) immigrants, although there are other minorities such as Germans, British, French and Roms. In recent years there has been a slight increase in population from East Asia (China and South Korea) and Latin American countries like Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru.

## Sports

Campana is home to Club Villa Dálmine, a football club that plays in Argentina's regionalised 2nd division, and to Puerto Nuevo, an older club that plays in 5th division.
# Clypeomorus nympha

Clypeomorus nympha is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cerithiidae.
# Payson National Forest

Payson National Forest was established as the Payson Forest Reserve by the United States General Land Office in Utah on August 3, 1901, with 86,400 acres (350 km$^2$), located near Nephi. After the transfer of federal forests to the U.S. Forest Service in 1905, it became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908, Payson and Vernon National Forests and part of Fillmore were combined to create Nebo National Forest. The lands presently exist in Uinta National Forest and contain the Mt. Nebo Wilderness.
# Eichelbach

Eichelbach may refer to:
* Eichelbach (Baunach), a river of Bavaria, Germany, tributary of the Baunach
* Eichelbach (Nidda), a river of Hesse, Germany, tributary of the Nidda
* Eichelbach (Weil), a river of Hesse, Germany, tributary of the Weil
# Stranda Fjord Trail Race

Stranda Fjord Trail Race is a 33 km (21 mi) long-distance race with 3,000 m (9,800 ft) meters of vertical climb. The race attracts many international runners and takes place since 2015 in the mountains around Stranda on the Norwegian coast. The course takes the runners along the Geirangerfjord.

## Winners

The course records are for men 4:02:15 by Sindre Hoff (2016) and for women 4:39:13 by Yoie Bohlin (2016). Course records with green background in the table.
| Year | Country | Man | Time | Country | Woman | Time |
| 2015 | Norway | Ola Hovdenak | 4:03:20 | Sweden | Kristin Larsson | 5:38:59 |
| 2016 | Norway | Sindre Hoff | 4:02:15 | Sweden | Yoie Bohlin | 4:39:13 |
# Segmental medullary artery

Segmental medullary arteries are arteries of varying size in the thoracolumbar region that arise from segmental arteries of this region (posterior intercostal arteries or lumbar arteries) and pass through intervertebral foramina to supply the spinal cord. They may join the anterior spinal artery.
The largest anterior segmental medullary artery is known as the artery of Adamkiewicz.

## Anatomy
### Development

During embryological development, about 75% of the segmental medullary arteries regress, forming the thinner (anterior and posterior) radicular arteries (which supply the two roots and sensory ganglion of each spinal nerve); the remaining segmental medullary arteries persist to contribute arterial supply to the spinal cord, as well as giving rise to the aforementioned radicular arteries.
# Sarir Script

Sarir script is a type of Persian calligraphy, which was created by Korosh Ghazimorad by looking at Shekasteh Nastaʿlīq, Chinese script and Gothic script, and was introduced in 2013.

## Origin and Evolution

In February 2014, Korosh Ghazimorad, after 7 years of study and efforts, unveiled this script for the first time by setting up an exhibition in the gallery of "Ostad Morteza Momayez", Iran's Artist House, in collaboration with Bahram Kalhornia, by exposing 54 works.
Also, various exhibitions were held in different countries to introduce this script. in 2014, this script was displayed in the city of Beirut, Lebanon.

## Attributes

Sarir, which is designed based on the usual Iranian calligraphy methods and styles, as the first script that is against the angle of the usual calligraphy and is also the first script that is written in two ways, thin and bold.
In the bold font, the basis of the design is based on the classical Shekasteh Nastaʿlīq, especially the classic Shekasteh Nastaʿlīq, and the thin font is based on the English cursive font and is designed with a poetic look to that font.
Sarir was created by studying the form and space and Iranian calligraphy methods, especially classical Shekasteh Nastaʿlīq script, Chinese script, and Gothic script. Sarir can easily overcome some limitations of traditional Iranian calligraphy because in this new way of calligraphy, all angles of the pen can be used. For the first time in Iranian calligraphy, in the Sarir style pen, the back of the calligraphy pen and the opposite angle of the usual calligraphy has been used.
Bahram Kalharnia says about Sarir: "You can write with this pen and have exclusive writings in the old way. This pen has a history and contains all the historical and Iranian values, like Shekasteh Nastaʿlīq and Nastaʿlīq.
Korosh Ghazimorad said about the use of the opposite angle of the pen: "One of the important reasons why I used this angle was that I know Gothic, Chinese, and Thuluth calligraphy, and I know that these styles can have points of connection and commonality. and in Gothic and Latin styles, the opposite angle of the pen is used well, and I tried to use this angle for Persian script.

## Sources

* ↑ "تجربه 7 ساله یک هنرمند در طراحی خط "سریر" به نمایش درآمد". Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 2015-02-14. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
* ↑ "خط نبشته‌های کوروش قاضی‌مراد با قلم سریر در گالری ممیز خانه هنرمندان روی دیوار می‌رود". خبرگزاری هنر ایران (in Persian). 2024-06-05. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
* ↑ ""سریر" قاضی‌مراد بر دیوار "ممیز"". ISNA (in Persian). 2015-02-14. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
* ↑ ""سریر" قاضی‌مراد بر دیوار "ممیز"". ISNA (in Persian). 2015-02-14. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
* ↑ ""سریر" قاضی‌مراد بر دیوار "ممیز"". ISNA (in Persian). 2015-02-14. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
# Cletus Komena Emein

Cletus Komena Emein was Governor of Niger State in Nigeria from 9 Dec 1993 to 22 Aug 1996. He became a member of the Niger Delta Committee, tasked with solving the endemic violence in the oil-producing region, in September 2008.

## Niger State governor

As governor of Niger State he was noted for going to work without a security guard. In 1994 he dethroned Etsu Muhammadu Attahiru of the Agaie Emirate due to allegations that he had murdered Alhaji Ibrahim Tsadu, Chairman of the Agaie Local Government Area. Attahiru was later cleared of the allegation. He retired with the rank of Brigadier-General.

## Subsequent career

Cletus Emein became chairman of Reach Engineering & Diving Services, a company involved in maintenance of offshore oil rigs.
In October 2004, Cletus Emein and other Ijaw leaders asked a visiting delegation from the British government to advise the Shell Petroleum Development Company to avoid trouble in the region by ceasing to take undue advantage of the people of the Niger Delta. In April 2005 Cletus Emein called on the Federal Government to ensure that oil companies operating in the Niger Delta comply with their legal obligations to the communities in the region, imposing severe penalties for non-compliance.
Speaking about a Niger Delta stakeholders conference called by President Olusegun Obasanjo in April 2006, General Cletus Emein said he was not against dialogue. However, the Federal Government must already know that the people of the Niger-Delta, particularly the Ijaw, were being grossly marginalized. In May 2008, speaking as a member and advisor on Peace and Security of the Izon Council of Elders in Delta State, Cletus Emein called for restraint by both the militants and the Joint Military Task Force to avoid causing further harm to Ijaw communities in the area. He called on the Federal Government to set up a panel to determine the cause of the recent crisis and recommend how to avoid a repeat. In September 2008 Delta State Governor Emmanuel Uduaghan nominated General Cletus Emein to the Niger Delta committee as a representative of the Ijaw ethnic group.
# Detroit Olympics

The Detroit Olympics were a minor league hockey team located in Detroit, Michigan that was a member of the Canadian Professional Hockey League 1927–29 and the International Hockey League 1929–36. The team played all of their home games at the Detroit Olympia. On October 4, 1936, after winning the IHL championship, the Olympics moved to Pittsburgh to become the Pittsburgh Hornets.