OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bawsey

Bawsey is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is about 4 miles (6.4 km) east of the town of King's Lynn and 40 miles (64 km) west of the city of Norwich. The village sits astride of the B1145 Kings Lynn to Mundesley road that dissects North Norfolk west to east.
The village's name means 'Beaw's island'
The civil parish has an area of 6.81 square kilometres (2.63 sq mi) and in the 2011 census had a population of 216 in 105 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. It forms part of the North West Norfolk constituency in the House of Commons. Norfolk County Council is responsible for roads, some schools, and social services.
The church was dedicated to St James and has been in ruins since at least 1745. The building and its surrounding area were the subject of a live dig by the Time Team programme in 1998. They determined it started life as a monastic settlement before becoming the parochial church of Bawsey; also during the weekend dig, the Norman arch under the former central tower was restored after it had collapsed some years before.

## War memorial

The War Memorials for Ashwicken, Bawsey and Leziate are located in All Saint's Church, Ashwicken. It holds the following names for the First World War:
* Rifleman William Watson (d.1917), 11th Battalion, Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own)
* Private Robert J. Britton (1888–1916), 6th Battalion, Border Regiment
* Private Maurice G. Allison (d.1916), 1st (North Midland) Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
* Private Thomas H. Reed (d.1916), 1st Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
* Private Bertie E. Beales (1896–1918), 5th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
* Private William Newell (d.1917), 5th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
* Private Walter Law (1893–1918), 7th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
* Private Herbert Watson (d.1918), 9th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
* Private George Wilkin (d.1916), 9th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
And, the following names for the Second World War:
* Able-Seaman Raymond C. Powley (1922–1941), HMS Nile
# Eucalyptus patellaris

Eucalyptus patellaris, commonly known as weeping box, is a species of tree that is endemic to the Northern Territory in Australia. It has rough, fibrous to flaky bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and bell-shaped or cup-shaped fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus patellaris is a tree that typically grows to a height of 10–18 m (33–59 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, greyish, flaky or fibrous bark on the trunk and branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull green, egg-shaped leaves that are 90–135 mm (3.5–5.3 in) long and 35–60 mm (1.4–2.4 in) wide. Adult leaves are lance-shaped or curved, the same shade of green on both sides, 95–270 mm (3.7–10.6 in) long and 13–35 mm (0.51–1.38 in) wide, tapering to a petiole 8–26 mm (0.31–1.02 in) long. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched peduncle 5–25 mm (0.20–0.98 in) long, the individual buds in groups of seven on pedicels 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in) long. Mature buds are pear-shaped to oval, 9–16 mm (0.35–0.63 in) long and 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) wide with a conical or beaked operculum. Flowering occurs from November to February and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, bell-shaped or cup-shaped capsule 6–12 mm (0.24–0.47 in) long and 6–13 mm (0.24–0.51 in) wide with the valves near rim level.

## Taxonomy

Eucalyptus patellaris was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linneany Society, Botany from material collected from the upper part of the Roper River. The specific epithet (patellaris) is from Latin, meaning "pan" or "knee-cap", referring to the shape of the operculum in the original, possibly diseased buds.

## Distribution and habitat

Weeping box grows in open forest and woodland in gentle slopes and on river flats in the Top End of the Northern Territory in scattered locations. Some sources list this species as occurring in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, but recent research indicates that these specimens are a new species, E. xerothermica.
# Billbergia microlepis

Billbergia microlepis is a species of flowering plant in the genus Billbergia. This species is endemic to Bolivia.
# Aanaar (restaurant)

Restaurant Aanaar is a restaurant in Inari, Finland at the Hotel Kultahovi, which was on the list of the 50 best restaurants in Finland in 2019. The Finnish Gastronomical Society has named it as the restaurant of the year in Finland in 2020. The chef of the restaurant is Heikki Nikula. The hotel and the restaurant are located on the banks of the Juutuanjoki River. Nikula has taken correspondence courses with the Helsinki Culinary School Perho.

## History

Hotel Kultahovi ("Gold Court") was founded in 1937. It was closed in September 1944, during the Lapland War, and the Germans burnt it down in November of the same year. A new hotel building was completed in 1956. During 1966–86 the hotel's director was Maija Nikula. She became the owner in 1987, when the Finnish Tourism Association decided to give up the hotel. For the next 20 years, Nikula led the hotel until it was taken over by the next generation. Nikula's daughter Kaisu Nikula became the director, and her brother Heikki Nikula became the chef of the restaurant. The restaurant has been working on the present principles since 2008.

## The restaurant today

The restaurant follows a Nordic style, and its models include Noma and Fäviken. It also draws from the Inari Saami tradition and comes up with innovative dishes. It serves local fishes, such as various species belonging to the salmonidae, whitefish and pike, brown trout and arctic charr. Ingredients also include lichen, usnea pine bark, spruce beer, hierochloe and marinated pine cones. For a dessert called "Forest", bark bread is used along with berries, spruce twig granite and boletus edulis ice cream. According to the Finnish Gastronomical Society the unique ingredients are the strength of the restaurant. In addition to the ingredients listed above the restaurant also uses oxyria digyna, angelica archangelica, inonotus obliquus, of which tea is made, and birch leaves, with which sorbet is made. Naturally the restaurant also uses local berries, such as blueberry, lingonberry, cloudberry, mountain ash berries, as well as various local mushrooms and wild herbs.
Some of the ingredients are found right outside the restaurant’s back door, and some from elsewhere in Lapland, some from the Arctic Ocean. "This restaurant has to be located in Inari, somewhere else it would not be the same", says chef Heikki Nikula.
In the restaurant hall there is a TV screen, on which one can see underwater life of the fish in Juutuanjoki River. Aurora borealis can be observed from the restaurant’s windows.
# The Ignorance of Blood

The Ignorance of Blood is the final novel in Robert Wilson's Javier Falcón series, set in Seville.
# Sandy Lane, West Yorkshire

Sandy Lane is a village and civil parish to the north of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 2,646.
It is situated between Wilsden, Allerton and Nab Wood.

## History

Sandy Lane has been a small village since it was founded until the 1990s when a series of new developments were built to accommodate the burgeoning Bradford population. However residents in the village were upset with the plans and formed their own opposition group and subsequently voted for a parish council in 2003.
It is a traditional English village including a primary school, church, pub and park.

## Sport

Sandy Lane has a football and a cricket team.
The football team has played in a variety of nearby places including Bingley and Keighley. Their current ground is at Marley Stadium, Keighley. The team currently plays in West Yorkshire League Division One. There are also junior teams with children from five to 16 years old. The football team colours are red and blue stripes.
The cricket side currently play in Greenwood Park within the village.
# Quercus asymmetrica

Quercus asymmetrica is an oak tree species in the beech family Fagaceae. It is found in China (specifically, Guangxi Province and Hainan Province, where it is called 托盘青冈 tuo pan qing gang) and northern Vietnam. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

## Description

Quercus asymmetrica is a tree growing up to 15 m tall, with branchlets that are conspicuously angular when young; by second year, they become glabrous with occasional lenticels. The leaves are leathery, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 50-120 × 25–60 mm and have 9-11 secondary veins on each side of mid-vein. The acorns are oblate, 25–28 mm in diameter, greyish-brown, with a scar 15–20 mm in diameter, impressed or flat. The cupules are 20–30 mm in diameter. A persistent stylopodium is approximately 40 mm in diameter. In China, flowering is in May–June and acorns may be found in October–November of the following year.
# Die hard (phrase)

Die hard is a phrase coined by Lieutenant-Colonel William Inglis of the 57th (West Middlesex) Regiment of Foot during the Battle of Albuera. Its original literal meaning has evolved to describe any person who will not be swayed from a belief. The metaphorical sense was first applied almost exclusively to right wing politics, but since the latter half of the 20th century, it has come into general use with wide application.

## Original military use

The phrase die hard was first used during the Battle of Albuera (1811) in the Peninsular War. During the battle, Lieutenant-Colonel William Inglis of the 57th (West Middlesex) Regiment of Foot was wounded by canister shot. Despite his injuries, Inglis refused to retire from the battle but remained with the regimental colours, encouraging his men with the words "Die hard 57th, die hard!" as they came under intense pressure from a French attack. The 'Die Hards' subsequently became the West Middlesex's regimental nickname.
The term was later used to deride several senior officers of the Army who sought to maintain the system bequeathed to them by the Duke of Wellington and who strenuously resisted military reforms enacted by Parliament starting in the late 1860s.

## British political uses

In British politics the adjective "die-hard" (best written with a hyphen) was first used to describe those who, during the crisis caused by the Lords' rejection of David Lloyd George's "People's Budget" of 1909, refused to accept the diminution of the House of Lords' powers by the Parliament Act 1911, and who generally held right wing views, most notably Richard Verney, 19th Baron Willoughby de Broke.
It was subsequently used to describe right-wing critics of Lloyd George's Coalition Government 1918–1922, several of whom had been die-hards before the War such as Leopold Maxse. There was at this time a "higher proportion of Irishmen in the Diehard group than in the rest of the parliamentary Conservative Party".
It was later revived to describe a grouping of members of the Conservative Party in the 1930s, including Henry Page Croft who had been prominent among both the earlier die-hards, who amongst other things refused to accept any moves towards Indian independence. But this time it also included some who "did not necessarily share the general views of the right on other matters", such as Winston Churchill who had been a bête noire of the original die-hards. Some of the die-hards, though not Churchill, flirted with Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists and/or supported Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement.

## Other usage

The term is now commonly used to describe any person who will not be swayed from a belief, and was used as the title of the popular action movie series Die Hard, all starring Bruce Willis as police officer John McClane.
# Cadusia

Cadusia the land of the Cadusians, a satrapy under Tanaoxares.
According Moses Coit Tyler and George Rawlinson Cadusia was a thin strip of country along the south-eastern and southern shores of the Caspian, corresponding to the modern Gilan and Mazanderan. It hardly belonged to the great plateau, as it lay outside the Elburz mountain range, on the southern slopes of the chain, and between them and the Caspian Sea. It contained no important city, but was fertile, well-wooded and we'll-watered; and had a large population. Strabo wrote, that Cadusia was being part of Atropatene.
# Rhinotropis heterorhyncha

Rhinotropis heterorhyncha, synonym Polygala heterorhyncha, is a species of flowering plant in the milkwort family known by the common names beaked spiny polygala and notch-beaked milkwort. It is native to southern Nevada and it is known from a few occurrences just over the border in the Funeral Mountains of California above Death Valley. It is a resident of desert scrub habitat. This desert plant is a perennial herb or small shrub growing in small clumpy mats. The thin, branching, thorny-tipped stems are somewhat waxy in texture and sometimes slightly hairy. They are lined sparsely with small oval, dull-pointed leaves. The inflorescence bears a few flowers, each with a winglike pair of bright pink sepals and a yellow-tipped central petal. The fruit is a vein-streaked capsule.
# Eucalyptus paedoglauca

Eucalyptus paedoglauca, commonly known as the Mount Stuart ironbark, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to a small area in Queensland. It has rough, dark ironbark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped fruit. It is only known from a few hills near Townsville.

## Description

Eucalyptus paedoglauca is a tree that typically grows to a height of 10–15 m (33–49 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has rough dark grey to black ironbark to the thinnest branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have glaucous, broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped or sickle-shaped leaves that are 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) long and 35–70 mm (1.4–2.8 in) wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of usually dull green on both sides, lance-shaped, 80–140 mm (3.1–5.5 in) long and 17–32 mm (0.67–1.26 in) wide, tapering to a petiole 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched peduncle in groups of seven, the peduncle 4–9 mm (0.16–0.35 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) long. Mature buds are oval, about 7 mm (0.28 in) long and 4 mm (0.16 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs from April to May and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped capsule 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) long and wide with the valves near rim level.

## Taxonomy

Eucalyptus paedoglauca was first formally described in 1991 by Lawrie Johnson and Donald Blaxell from material collected on Mount Stuart, near Townsville. The description was published in the journal Telopea in a paper by Ken Hill and Johnson. The specific epithet (paedoglauca) is from ancient Greek, meaning "child" or "youth" and "pale blue or grey", referring to the glaucous juvenile leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

Mount Stuart ironbark grows in remnant vegetation on Mount Stuart and a few other hills near Townsville.

## Conservation status

This eucalypt is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and by the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992. The main threats to the species are road maintenance and inappropriate fire regimes.
# Roberts Orya

Roberts U. Orya is a former managing director and CEO of the Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM) and honorary president of the Global Network of Export-Import Banks and Development Finance Institutions. He entered office in August 2009 to lead the bank's executive management team.

## Family background and early education

Orya was born in Ugwe, Benue State, Nigeria, from a poor background and a father who was physically challenged. He later attended Benue State Polytechnic from where he got an Ordinary National Diploma after completing his studies at the Teacher's College where he obtained a National Certificate of Education.

## NEXIM Bank

By December 2009, the new management of the bank inherited debts totaling about ₦14.6 billion, about 72 per cent of which was categorized as non-performing, while over ₦10.03 billion (69.05 per cent) was classified lost or irrecoverable in line with prudential guidelines.

## Achievements and initiatives At NEXIM Bank

Orya led the initiative of the Nigerian Export-Import Bank (NEXIM) in conjunction with the Federation of West African Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
To broaden the scope of the credit offering by the bank to guarantee credits for both export and import as well as credit insurance, he led the bank entered into agreements with some international credit institutions like the Islamic Development Bank. Through his leadership the bank also generated about 1.3 billion dollars (about ₦164 billion) foreign exchange earnings for the country during the period.

## Legal proceedings

In May 2021, the Benue State High Court ordered NEXIM to pay ₦500 million to Orya as damages for "unlawful arrest and detention".

## Policies and presentations

Orya's leadership in NEXIM initiated the Sealink project. He has contributed to national and international policies including:
* "Economic diversification, non-oil export growth back on front burner", by Roberts Orya
* A Practical Framework for Boosting Intra-Africa Trade, Financial Nigeria Magazine, August 2013
* Funding/investment Opportunities in the creative/entertainment industry
* Facilitating the non-oil sector in Nigeria
# Sorbia affinis

Sorbia affinis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1964. It is known from Borneo.
# Directional-change intrinsic time

Directional-change intrinsic time is an event-based operator to dissect a data series into a sequence of alternating trends of defined size $\delta$.
The directional-change intrinsic time operator was developed for the analysis of financial market data series. It is an alternative methodology to the concept of continuous time. Directional-change intrinsic time operator dissects a data series into a set of drawups and drawdowns or up and down trends that alternate with each other. An established trend comes to an end as soon as a trend reversal is observed. A price move that extends a trend is called overshoot and leads to new price extremes.
Figure 1 provides an example of a price curve dissected by the directional change intrinsic time operator.
The frequency of directional-change intrinsic events maps (1) the volatility of price changes conditional to (2) the selected threshold $\delta$. The stochastic nature of the underlying process is mirrored in the non-equal number of intrinsic events observed over equal periods of physical time.
Directional-change intrinsic time operator is a noise filtering technique. It identifies regime shifts, when trend changes of a particular size occur and hides price fluctuations that are smaller than the threshold $\delta$.

## Application

The directional-change intrinsic time operator was used to analyze high frequency foreign exchange market data and has led to the discovery of a large set of scaling laws that have not been previously observed. The scaling laws identify properties of the underlying data series, such as the size of the expected price overshoot after an intrinsic time event or the number of expected directional-changes within a physical time interval or price threshold. For example, a scaling relating the expected number of directional-changes $N(\delta )$ observed over the fixed period to the size of the threshold $\delta$:
$N(\delta )=\left({\frac {\delta }{C_{N,DC}}}\right)^{E_{N,DC}}$,
where $C_{N,DC}$ and $E_{N,DC}$ are the scaling law coefficients.
Other applications of the directional-change intrinsic time in finance include:
* trading strategy characterised by the annual Sharpe ratio 3.04
* tools designed to monitor liquidity at multiple trend scales.
The methodology can also be used for applications beyond economics and finance. It can be applied to other scientific domains and opens a new avenue of research in the area of BigData.
# The Gift of Christmas

The Gift of Christmas may refer to:
* The Gift of Christmas (En Vogue album), 2002
* The Gift of Christmas (Juice Newton album), 2007
* "The Gift of Christmas" (song), a 1995 charity single by supergroup Childliners
* Gift of Christmas, a Christmas pageant in the US
# Die head

A die head is a threading die that is used in the high volume production of threaded fasteners.
Die heads are commonly used on lathes, turret lathes, screw machines and CNC lathes. They may be used for either cutting a thread or rolling a thread. They may also be used for internal or external thread cutting.
In operation, there are usually four moveable chasers that cut the thread then back away from the work to permit rapid removal of the tool. The lower picture at the right shows four sets of chasers. Each set of chasers is designed to cut a different thread. One set of chasers would be used at a time, each chaser is inserted into the die head (in the correct order) and the die head is closed bringing the chasers down to their cutting position. When sufficient length of thread has been cut the die head will open allowing for rapid retraction of the head without interference with the newly formed thread.
The die head shown cuts an outside thread. There are also collapsible die heads that are used to cut an internal thread.
The bottom picture shows a Die Head used for Thread Rolling. A Rolled Thread may have greater strength than a cut thread, though it usually requires more energy to roll a thread than cut one.
# Rhinotus purpureus

Rhinotus purpureus is a species of millipede in the family Siphonotidae. It is found in the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America.
# Robert Spankie

Robert Spankie (17 April 1774 – 2 November 1842) was a Scottish-born journalist, barrister and politician who spent most of his career and life in England and India.
Born in Falkland, Fife, he was the son of a Church of Scotland Minister. He entered the University of St Andrews but left without graduating, moving to London in about 1792. He became a reporter for the Morning Chronicle rising to be the editor. In 1803 he left journalism and became a law student at the Inner Temple in 1803, and was called to the bar in 1808. Following his marriage to Euphemia Inglis, daughter of an East India Company director in 1813, he pursued a legal career in India. In 1817 he became Advocate-General of Bengal. He returned to England in 1823 due to illness.
He resumed his legal practice from his home in Russell Square, London, and became a serjeant-at-law in 1824 and a king's serjeant in 1832.
At the 1832 general election Spankie was elected as one of two members of parliament for the new London constituency of Finsbury, enfranchised under the Reform Act 1832. Elected as Liberal, in parliament he took a distinctly Conservative line, leading to his defeat at the next election in 1835. He subsequently stood as a Conservative candidate at Bury in 1837 without success.
He continued his legal practice, becoming standing counsel for the East India Company. He died at his London home in 1842 aged 68.
# South African Musicians' Alliance

The South African Musicians' Alliance (SAMA) is a union, artist collective, and resistance movement formed by musicians in South Africa who opposed the censorship and suppression of the apartheid regime. The alliance was formed sometime before 1983. SAMA musicians flouted the government's imposed racial segregation and restrictions on music content. Three of SAMA's priorities were freedom of speech, freedom of movement, and freedom of association.
One prominent spokesperson of the organisation was pianist Rashid Lanie.