OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Davies House

Davies House may refer to:
* Davies House (Berks County, Pennsylvania)
* Betts House (Yale University), a Yale University building in New Haven, Connecticut formerly known as the Davies House
* George S. Clement House, Wauseon, Ohio, USA, also known as Davies House
* Edward Davies House, Churchtown, Pennsylvania
* Charles E. Davies House, Provo, Utah
* Dr. James Davies House, Boise, Idaho, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Ada County
* A house in Bayside
# Portrait of Giovanni Agostino della Torre and his son Niccolò

Portrait of Giovanni Agostino della Torre and his son Niccolò is an oil-on-canvas painting by Lorenzo Lotto, created in 1515, and now in the National Gallery, London. It is signed and dated "L.[aurentius] Lotus P.[inxit] / 1515". Its subjects have been identified via inscriptions scattered throughout the painting. They both practised medicine and pharmacy in Bergamo, selling iron vitriol from a shop on Piazza Vecchia.
This painting was probably the first portrait Lotto produced in that city. It was retained by its subjects' descendants until 1812, when it was sold to an art dealer. The National Gallery accepted Giovanni Morelli's recommendation to buy it in 1863.
# Sterling crisis

Sterling crisis may refer to:
* 1931 sterling crisis, emergency measures during the Great Depression
* 1949 sterling crisis, devaluation
* 1967 sterling crisis, devaluation
* 1976 sterling crisis, IMF loan
* 1992 sterling crisis ("Black Wednesday"), depreciation
# Błaszczyk

Błaszczyk, Błaszczak, Blaščik, Blaščak, Blashchuk, or Blashchak Blasscyk is a surname.
The surname is derived from Slavic diminutives of the given name Blasius. Błaszczyk and Błaszczak are the standard Polish variants, with Błaszczyk about four times more common. A variant with a Ukrainian/Belarusian ending (-uk) is found at a lower frequency in Poland, mainly in the east.
| Language | Masculine | Feminine |
| Czech, Slovak | Blaščik Blaščík Blaščak | Blaščiková Blaščíková Blaščaková |
| Polish | Błaszczyk (Polish pronunciation:) Błaszczak (Polish pronunciation:) | Błaszczyk (Polish pronunciation:) Błaszczak (Polish pronunciation:) |
| Ukrainian (Romanization) | Блащук (Blashchuk, Blaščuk) | Блащук (Blashchuk, Blaščuk) |

## People

* Mariusz Błaszczak (born 1969), Polish politician
* Ewa Błaszczyk (born 1955), Polish actress
* Grzegorz Błaszczyk (born 1953), Polish historian
* Lucjan Błaszczyk (born 1974), Polish table tennis player
* Iwona Blazwick (born 1955), British art critic, director of the Whitechapel Art Gallery
# Ostheide

Ostheide is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Lüneburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of Lüneburg. Its seat is in the village Barendorf.

## Division of the municipality

The Samtgemeinde Ostheide consists of the following municipalities:
* Barendorf
* Neetze
* Reinstorf
* Thomasburg
* Vastorf
* Wendisch Evern
# Cigera

Cigera is a village in Didohu District, Pegunungan Arfak Regency in West Papua province, Indonesia. Its population is 82 in 2010.$^{:2031}$

## Climate

Cigera has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) with heavy rainfall year-round.
Climate data for Cigera :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.9 (69.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 20.4 (68.7) | 19.9 (67.8) | 19.2 (66.6) | 18.2 (64.8) | 17.4 (63.3) | 17.4 (63.3) | 18.6 (65.5) | 20.2 (68.4) | 20.7 (69.3) | 20.9 (69.6) | 19.5 (67.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) | 16.2 (61.2) | 16.2 (61.2) | 15.9 (60.6) | 15.6 (60.1) | 15.0 (59.0) | 14.5 (58.1) | 14.3 (57.7) | 14.9 (58.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 16.1 (61.0) | 16.3 (61.3) | 15.6 (60.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) | 11.8 (53.2) | 12.1 (53.8) | 12.0 (53.6) | 12.1 (53.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | 11.7 (53.1) | 11.3 (52.3) | 11.3 (52.3) | 11.5 (52.7) | 11.5 (52.7) | 11.8 (53.2) | 11.7 (53.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 278 (10.9) | 292 (11.5) | 266 (10.5) | 293 (11.5) | 310 (12.2) | 289 (11.4) | 269 (10.6) | 257 (10.1) | 243 (9.6) | 228 (9.0) | 232 (9.1) | 272 (10.7) | 3,229 (127.1) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||
# Ca Lu Combat Base

Ca Lu Combat Base (Vietnamese: Cà Lu) was an Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and United States Marine Corps base located on Highway or Route 9, near Krông Klang, Đa Krông District, western Quảng Trị Province, South Vietnam.
The base was originally established by the ARVN to cover the infiltration route across the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) through the Cam Lo river valley.$^{:75}$ The base was taken over by the 3rd Marine Division during Operation Virginia in April 1966 by the 4th Marine Regiment, with three 105 mm howitzers, a command group and a security force were positioned there.$^{:142}$
By February 1967, six 105 mm howitzers operated by the 12th Marine Regiment were located at Ca Lu, with companies from the 3rd Battalion, 3rd Marines providing security.$^{:10,20}$ From August 1967 the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) cut Route 9 between Ca Lu and Khe Sanh Combat Base. In late 1967 work began on expanding Ca Lu into a combat operating base and by December 1967 the base was completed.$^{:94}$ Ca Lu was the westernmost position of the strongpoint obstacle system, a line of sensors and obstacles intended to prevent infiltration across the DMZ.$^{:28}$
In 1968 Ca Lu fell within the Lancaster tactical area of operations under the control of the 3rd Marine Regiment.$^{:18}$ In support of their attack on Khe Sanh, the PAVN isolated the Marine outposts along Route 9, attacking supply and engineering convoys and on 28 February they shot down a CH-46 helicopter near Ca Lu, killing 22 marines on board.$^{:232}$ By late March Route 9 into Ca Lu had been reopened and Marine and United States Army engineers and Navy Seabees started construction of a major base near Ca Lu to include an airfield, ammunition storage facilities, bunkers and helicopter revetments and a supporting road network, named Landing Zone Stud. On 28 March, the 1st Cavalry Division took over operational control of Ca Lu in preparation for the launch of Operation Pegasus, the relief of Khe Sanh.$^{:246}$ The 1st Battalion, 1st Marines remained at Ca Lu, providing security for the recently completed LZ Stud.$^{:284}$ With the closure of Khe Sanh Combat Base in July 1968, Ca Lu and Landing Zone Stud, renamed Vandegrift Combat base were the westernmost Marine bases along the DMZ.$^{:352}$
In September 1969 as part of the withdrawal of the 3rd Marine Division from South Vietnam, preparations began for the Marines to withdraw from Ca Lu and Vandegrift.$^{:162}$ In early October the 4th Marine Regiment withdrew from Ca Lu and Vandegrift handing control of the bases to the ARVN 1st Division which dismantled and salvaged material at the bases for the expansion of the combat base at Camp Carroll.$^{:165}$
# 1983 Copa Libertadores finals

The 1983 Copa Libertadores de América finals was the final two-legged tie to determine the Copa Libertadores de América champion. It was contested by Brazilian club Grêmio and Uruguayan club Peñarol. The first leg of the tie was played on 22 July at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo, with the second leg played on 28 July at Estádio Olímpico Monumental in Porto Alegre.
With the first game tied 1-1, Grêmio were crowned champions after winning the second leg 2–1.

## Qualified teams

| Team | Previous finals appearances (bold indicates winners) |
| Peñarol | 7 (1960, 1961, 1962, 1966, 1965, 1970, 1982 |
| Grêmio | None |

## Format

The finals was played over two legs; home and away. The team that accumulated the most points —two for a win, one for a draw, zero for a loss— after the two legs was crowned champion. If the two teams were tied on points after the second leg, a playoff at a neutral was to be the tie-breaker. Goal difference was to be used as a last resort to crown a champion.

## Match details
### First leg

| Peñarol | Gremio |
| GK | 1 | Gustavo Fernández |
| DF | | Néstor Montelongo |
| DF | | Walter Olivera |
| DF | | Nelson Gutiérrez |
| DF | | Víctor Diogo |
| MF | | Mario Saralegui |
| MF | | Miguel Bossio |
| MF | | José Zalazar |
| FW | | Walkir Silva | 72' |
| FW | 9 | Fernando Morena (c) |
| FW | 11 | Venancio Ramos |
| Substitutes: ||
| MF | | José Villarreal | 72' |
| Manager: ||
| Hugo Bagnulo ||
| GK | 24 | Mazarópi |
| DF | | Baidek |
| DF | 6 | Hugo De León (c) |
| DF | | Paulo Roberto |
| DF | | Casemiro |
| MF | | China |
| MF | | Osvaldo |
| MF | 10 | Tita |
| FW | 7 | Renato |
| FW | | Caio | 46' |
| FW | | Tarciso |
| Substitutes: ||
| FW | | César | 46' |
| Manager: ||
| Valdir Espinosa ||

### Second leg

| Gremio | Peñarol |
| GK | 24 | Mazarópi |
| DF | | Baidek |
| DF | 6 | Hugo De León (c) |
| DF | | Paulo Roberto |
| DF | | Casemiro |
| MF | | China |
| MF | | Osvaldo |
| MF | 10 | Tita |
| FW | 7 | Renato | 88' |
| FW | 23 | Caio | | 63' |
| FW | | Tarciso |
| Substitutes: ||
| FW | | César | | 63' |
| Manager: ||
| Valdir Espinosa ||
| GK | 1 | Gustavo Fernández |
| DF | | Néstor Montelongo |
| DF | 2 | Walter Olivera |
| DF | 3 | Nelson Gutiérrez |
| DF | | Víctor Diogo |
| MF | | Mario Saralegui |
| MF | | Miguel Bossio |
| MF | | José Zalazar |
| FW | | Walkir Silva |
| FW | 9 | Fernando Morena (c) |
| FW | 11 | Venancio Ramos |
| Substitutes: ||
| DF | | Miguel A. Peirano |
| Manager: ||
| Hugo Bagnulo ||
# John Magruder

John Magruder may refer to:
* John Magruder (United States Army officer, born 1887) (1887–1958), Brigadier general in the United States Army
* John B. Magruder (1807–1871), military, in United States Army, Confederacy and Imperial Mexican Army
* John H. Magruder III, United States Marine Corps officer
# Colleen Bawn

Colleen Bawn is a town in Zimbabwe.

## Location

Colleen Bawn is located in Gwanda District, in Matabeleland South Province, in southwest Zimbabwe. It is approximately 59 kilometres (37 mi), by road, east of Gwanda, the provincial and district headquarters. This is about 191 kilometres (119 mi), by road, southeast of Bulawayo, the nearest large city.
This location lies on Highway A-6, the main road between Bulawayo and Beitbridge, at the international border with the Republic of South Africa. The coordinates of the town are:21° 0' 0.00"S, 29° 12' 36.00"E (Latitude:21.0000; Longitude:29.2100). Colleen Bawn lies at an average elevation of 955 metres (3,133 ft), above mean sea level.

## Overview

Colleen Bawn is supplied with water from Geelong Weir on the Mzingwane River, fed by releases of water from Silalabuhwa Dam, on the tributary Insiza River. The town grew up around the Colleen Bawn gold mine. The prospector who pegged claim to the mine in 1895, named it after an Irish girl with whom he had been acquainted. The mine was opened in 1905 but after the Second World War, limestone became the focal mineral in the area. The limestone is mined by Pretoria Portland Cement, who operate a cement factory on the site and have been responsible for recent growth in the town.

## Population

According to the 1982 Population Census, Colleen Bawn had a population of 1,427. In 2004, the population of the town was estimated at 2,545. As of 2020, the population of the town was estimated at 2,492 inhabitants.

## Economy

The Pretoria Portland Cement company, is planning to construct a 32 megawatts solar power plant at the location of its cement manufacturing factory in Colleen Bawn. 16 megawatts of the output of Colleen Bawn Solar Power Station will be consumed by the cement factory, and the remainder will be sold to the Zimbabwean national electricity grid.
# Samuel Sawny

Samuel Sawny is a retired Grenadian middle-distance runner who represented his country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in the men's 800 metres.
# Orthomene

Orthomene is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Menispermaceae.
Its native range is Panama to Southern Tropical America and Trinidad.

## Species

Species:
* Orthomene hirsuta (Krukoff & Moldenke) Barneby & Krukoff
* Orthomene prancei Barneby & Krukoff
* Orthomene schomburgkii (Miers) Barneby & Krukoff
* Orthomene verruculosa (Krukoff & Barneby) Barneby & Krukoff
# Spirotropis limula

Spirotropis limula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 11.6 mm, its diameter 4 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the demersal zone of the Mid Indian Ridge, Southern Indian Ocean, at a depth of 500 m.
# Saraswati (disambiguation)

Saraswati, or Sarasvati, is a Hindu goddess.
Saraswati or Sarasvati may also refer to:

## River

* Sarasvati River, a river mentioned in ancient Indian texts
** Ghaggar-Hakra River, the possible remains of the Sarasvati River in India and Pakistan
** Saraswati River (Madhya Pradesh), India
** Saraswati River (Uttarakhand), India
** Saraswati River (Gujarat), India
** Saraswati River (West Bengal), India

## People

* Saraswati Vidyardhi, an Indian singer
* Saraswati Saha, an Indian sprinter
* Saraswati Devi (music director) (1912–1980), Indian director of music and score composer
* Saraswati Devi (scholar), Telugu scholar and poet
* Sarada (actress), Indian actress, born Saraswati Devi
* Saraswati Devi, daughter of Tansen
* Isyana Sarasvati (born 1993), Indonesian singer
* Rahayu Saraswati (born 1986), Indonesian politician
* Saraswat Brahmin, Brahmin sub-caste of India who claim an origin from settlements near the Sarasvati river
** Saraswat cuisine, their cuisine

## Other uses

* Sarasvati Productions, a Canadian theatre company
* Saraswati Supercluster, an astronomical object
* Saraswati veena, a musical instrument
# Robert Giles (civil servant)

Robert Giles CIE JP (27 September 1846 – 17 March 1928) was a British civil servant in colonial Bombay.
Giles was born in Grimsthorpe, the son of Archdeacon John Douglas Giles, Canon of Lincoln and Rector of Willoughby, and Sarah Elizabeth (née Allen). His brother Edward Giles CIE was also a civil servant.
Giles was a career civil servant who was stationed only in Sind. He attended Durham Grammar School and St. John's College, Cambridge, earning his B.A. in 1869 and M.A. in 1874. He was appointed to the Sind Commission in 1868. He worked for the Bombay Revenue Survey, and was Deputy Collector, Deputy Superintendent of Police, and Educational Inspector. He served as the Chief Commissioner of Sind from 1900 to 1902. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1899 Birthday Honours.
He retired in April 1902 and returned to live in Midhurst, Sussex, where he was JP for West Sussex. He died in Monte Carlo, aged 81.
# Eupithecia emporias

Eupithecia emporias is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Ecuador.
# Days Go By (Keith Urban album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Days Go By is the second compilation album by New Zealand-born Australian country music artist Keith Urban, released on 20 May 2005 by Capitol Nashville. The album is named for his 2004 single of the same name, included on his previous full-length album, Be Here (2004). Also included on this album are tracks from that album and Golden Road (2002).

## Album cover

The front cover features the same picture used on the American release of Urban's album Be Here.

## Personnel

* Keith Urban – lead guitar, acoustic guitar, lead vocals, banjo, cardboard box and ebow
* Chris McHugh – drums, percussion
* Jimmie Lee Sloas – bass
* Tom Bukovac – rhythm guitar
* Dann Huff – mandolin
* Tim Akers – accordion, keyboards
* Jonathan Yudkin – fiddle
* Eric Darken – percussion
* Russel Terrell – vocals
* Scotty Huff – vocals
* Steve Nathan – keyboards
* Dan Dugmore – electric guitars

## Chart performance

| Chart (2005) | Peak position |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 58 |
| Irish Albums (IRMA) | 7 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 40 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Ireland (IRMA) | Gold | 7,500$^^$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Poul Andersen (resistance member)

Poul Dalby Andersen (April 19, 1922 – May 29, 2006) was a printer who served in the Danish resistance movement during World War II and later published one of the remaining two Danish-language newspapers in the United States.

## Background

Andersen was born in Ringkøbing, a small town in Ringkøbing-Skjern municipality on the west coast of Denmark. His grandfather was a co-founder of the town's daily newspaper. Andersen's father was a typesetter, and Andersen learned the printing trade in the newspaper's offices. Andersen came to the United States in 1949 and worked on an uncle's farm in Ohio. A friend encouraged him to move to Santa Monica, California. In 1950 Andersen was hired by the Los Angeles Times as a printer.

## Career

Andersen was a conversationalist and a soccer fanatic, two traits that helped him as a member of the Danish resistance.
"My husband was a chatterbox, and he loved soccer, so he could bicycle down to a neighboring town to play soccer and the Germans would never think twice about it," Judy Andersen told the Los Angeles Times. "He would ask the guards, 'What are they doing in the field there?' and learn that [the Germans] were building gun emplacements."
In 1975 Andersen bought Bien, a San Francisco-based Danish-language newspaper. Andersen moved the newspaper to Burbank, California, to allow him to work on the paper after completing his shift at the Times. Bien's circulation reached a high of 5,300 during Andersen's tenure as publisher.
Andersen continued to use a Linotype machine to set the type for each edition of Bien long after other newspapers had switched to computerized typesetting. In 1997 the California Newspaper Publishers Association said Bien was probably the last newspaper in California being printed with Linotype.
Andersen was knighted in 1982 by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark for his efforts in uniting the Danish American community. Andersen died in Los Angeles from complications of Alzheimer's disease.
# Cam Thomas

Cam Thomas or Cameron Thomas may refer to:
* Cam Thomas (basketball) (born 2001), American basketball player
* Cam Thomas (cornerback) (born 1991), American football player, a cornerback
* Cam Thomas (defensive tackle) (born 1986), American football player, a nose tackle
* Cameron Thomas (linebacker) (born 2000), American football player, a linebacker
* Cameron Thomas (politician), British politician
# Collits' Inn (radio play)

Collits' Inn is a 1943 Australian radio play based on the 1932 stage musical of the same name.
The ABC broadcast a version again in 1948.
Another production aired in 1950. One listener complained "the script-writer took some unwarrantable liberties with it. The story was actually altered in parts, and the dialogue was quite out of character with the period covered by the play, making it disconnected and patchy.
Could not the original version of it have been retained and the dialogue simply abridged? "
The play was aired again in 1951 as part of an ABC series of musical comedies.
# Bystrá (mountain)

Bystrá is the highest mountain in the Western Tatras in Slovakia, near the Polish border. It is 2,248 meters high and surrounded by the valleys of Kamenistá, Račkova and Bystrá.
# Dagmara Slianova-Mizandari

Dagmara Levanovna Slianova-Mizandari (December 1910 - 1983) was a composer born in the Republic of Georgia. Slianova-Mizandari studied at the Tbilisi State Conservatoire. She graduated in 1933, received a diploma in composition in 1935, and taught there until 1938. Her teachers included Boris Arapov, Mikhail Bagrinovsky, Pyotr Ryazanov, Ana Tulashvili, and Iona Tuskiya.
Slianova-Mizandari’s works were published by Tbilisi: Education and Tbilisi: Georgian Branch of the Music Foundation of the USSR. They are archived at the National Parliamentary Library of Georgia. Her works include:

## Chamber

* Pages of the Album (clarinet and piano)
* Quintet
* Romance (cello and piano)

## Pedagogy

* A Collection of Musical Dictations
* Solfeggio

## Piano

* Five Pieces for Children
* Preludes
* Six Pieces for Children
* Two Plays for Piano
# Sperm precedence

Sperm precedence, also known as sperm predominance, is tendency of a female who has been bred by multiple males to give birth to their offspring in unequal proportions. Sperm precedence is an important factor in the sperm competition.
Sperm precedence can be temporal, favoring either the first or last male to breed the female (the former is known as first sperm precedence and the latter is known as last sperm precedence), or it can favor the male whose sperm are the most motile, or the male whose sperm were delivered closest to the female's ova. First male sperm precedence is seen in a variety of species, including the common crab spider, Misumena vatia.
# CUBIC TCP

CUBIC is a network congestion avoidance algorithm for TCP which can achieve high bandwidth connections over networks more quickly and reliably in the face of high latency than earlier algorithms. It helps optimize long fat networks.
In 2006, the first CUBIC implementation was released in Linux kernel 2.6.13. Since kernel version 2.6.19, CUBIC replaces BIC-TCP as the default TCP congestion control algorithm in the Linux kernel.
MacOS adopted TCP CUBIC with the OS X Yosemite release in 2014, while the previous release OS X Mavericks still used TCP New Reno.
Microsoft adopted it by default in Windows 10.1709 Fall Creators Update (2017), and Windows Server 2016 1709 update.

## Characteristics

CUBIC is a less aggressive and more systematic derivative of BIC TCP, in which the window size is a cubic function of time since the last congestion event, with the inflection point set to the window size prior to the event. Because it is a cubic function, there are two components to window growth. The first is a concave portion where the window size quickly ramps up to the size before the last congestion event. Next is the convex growth where CUBIC probes for more bandwidth, slowly at first then very rapidly. CUBIC spends a lot of time at a plateau between the concave and convex growth region which allows the network to stabilize before CUBIC begins looking for more bandwidth.
Another major difference between CUBIC and many earlier TCP algorithms is that it does not rely on the cadence of RTTs to increase the window size. CUBIC's window size is dependent only on the last congestion event. With earlier algorithms like TCP New Reno, flows with very short round-trip delay times (RTTs) will receive ACKs faster and therefore have their congestion windows grow faster than other flows with longer RTTs. CUBIC allows for more fairness between flows since the window growth is independent of RTT.

## Algorithm

CUBIC increases its window to be real-time dependent, not RTT dependent like BIC. The calculation for cwnd (congestion window) is simpler than BIC, too.
Define the following variables:
* β: Multiplicative decrease factor
* w$_{max}$: Window size just before the last reduction
* T: Time elapsed since the last window reduction
* C: A scaling constant
* cwnd: The congestion window at the current time
RFC 8312 indicates the following:
* The unit of all window sizes in this document is segments of the maximum segment size (MSS), and the unit of all times is seconds. (Section 4)
* β SHOULD be set to 0.7 (Section 4.5)
* C SHOULD be set to 0.4 (Section 5)
Then cwnd can be modeled by:
${\begin{array}{lcr}cwnd\ =\ C(T-K)^{3}+w_{max}\\{\textrm {where}}\ K={\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {w_{max}(1-\beta )}{C}}}\end{array}}$

## Alternatives

Apart from window based algorithms like Cubic, there are rate based algorithms (including TCP BBR from Google) that works differently using "sending rate" instead of the window.