OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nuno Pereira de Lacerda

Nuno Pereira de Lacerda (1425–1509) was a Portuguese nobleman, who served as Alcaide of Portel Fronteira and Vidigueira. He was vassal of the King John I of Portugal.

## Biography

Nuno was born in the Iberian Peninsula, the son of Diogo Nunes Pereira de Lacerda, Lord of Sardoal, and Brites Rodrigues de Abreu, daughter of John Falconet and Maria da Silva, belonging to an Anglo Portuguese family. His paternal grandparents were Martim Gonçalves de Lacerda and Violante Pereira, a noble lady who was the daughter of Álvaro Gonçalves Pereira.
Around the year 1455, he and his family lived in the village of Serpa. In 1483, he received from the hands of the King John II of Portugal, the rights over the localities of Portel, Vidigueira and Vila do Conde.
Nuno Pereira de Lacerda was married to Guiomar de Brito, daughter of Manuel de Brito, Captain of Chaul, and his wife Francisca Cardoso.
# Royal war and popular war

Royal war and popular (or people's) war (Guerra regia e guerra di popolo) is a recurring concept in the historiography of the Italian Risorgimento, referring to the two possible forms in which the whole of Italy could be conquered and formed into a single independent state.

## First Italian Independence War

In the First Independence War for Italy, which ended unfavourably for the Risorgimento cause, there was a balance between two initiatives: people's war and royal war. The notable moments in the people's war were:
* the Five Days of Milan, chronologically the first notable action that led to the Austrians' exit from Milan, which was thus brought about solely by a spontaneous revolt by the city's inhabitants.
* the Repubblica di San Marco, which governed Venice from 17 March 1848 to 22 August 1849 and only fell after a hard-fought siege.
* the Ten Days of Brescia, in which Brescia's inhabitants responded to Austrian repression by resisting their troops from 23 March (the day of Piedmont's defeat at Novara) to 1 April 1849.
* the Roman Republic from 24 November 1848 (the flight of pope Pius IX) to 3 July 1849.
The royal war was the campaign by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, including the battles of Goito, Peschiera del Garda, Custoza and Novara.

## Second Italian Independence War

The Second Independence War was a typical example of royal war led by Victor Emmanuel II, allied to Napoleon III in conducting a war against Austria. The people's war was only a minor support Hunters of the Alps, a corps of volunteers commanded by Giuseppe Garibaldi and considered as a special unit within the royal army.

## Expedition of the Thousand

The Expedition of the Thousand was entirely a people's war, with Garibaldi being its central figure.

## Third Italian Independence War

In the Third Independence War, with the Italian defeats at Custoza and Lissa, was essentially a royal war, though the corps of volunteers under Garibaldi did win a victory at Bezzecca.

## Analogy with the Resistance

The same contrast between royal war and people's war can be applied to the history of the Second World War, when a disastrous war under the royal and fascist régime was followed by the people's war of the Italian Resistance.
# Shujauddin Shaikh

Shujauddin Shaikh is the current Ameer (leader) of Tanzeem-e-Islami since August 2020.

## Early life and education

Shujauddin Shaikh was born in Karachi. He started his professional studies in chartered accountancy (CA) and he completed his 4-year audit training and internship from A. F. Ferguson & Co. Chartered Accountants in 2001.
Shujauddin Shaikh took a few basic Arabic courses from Karachi in 1989. He obtained his master's degree in Islamic Studies from the University of Karachi in 1996.

## Tanzeem-e-Islami

In 1998 he joined Tanzeem-e-Islami as a member (rafiq).
After joining Tanzeem-e-Islami he then completed the one year Qur’anic learning course (Raju Illal Qur’an course) in 2002 from Qur’an Academy, Karachi, established by Dr. Israr Ahmed
He has delivered lectures in several countries including United Kingdom, Australia, Hong Kong, Oman, United Arab Emirates. and Saudi Arabia. He also organized training(Tarbiyah) courses for rufuqa overseas.
Shujauddin Shaikh has also been supervising the development of a comprehensive syllabus of Qur’anic teachings (from 2009 to 2020) for students of educational institutions, which consists of complete translation and exposition of the Holy Qur’an that is agreed upon by all the schools of religious thought and approved by the Federal Ministry of Education, Government of Pakistan.

## Ameer of Tanzeem e Islami

After a process of consultations initiated by the former Ameer of Tanzeem-e-Islami, Hafiz Aakif Saeed, on the issue of the future Presidency of Tanzeem-e-Islami, Shujauddin Shaikh's name came to the forefront in the Majlis-e-Shoora of Tanzeem-e-Islami held on Saturday 8 August 2020. He was appointed as the new Ameer of Tanzeem-e-Islami on the same day, by a majority decision taken by the Majlis-e-Shoora of Tanzeem-e-Islami. Currently he is serving as an Ameer of Tanzeem-e-Islami.
# Turlan

Turlan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Guillaume Turlan (born 1996), French rower
* Thibaud Turlan (born 1996), French rower
# Peter Bischof

Peter Bischof may refer to:
* Frank-Peter Bischof (born 1954), German canoe racer
* Peter Bischof (songwriter), songwriter, composer of "Where Do You Go" & "Please Don't Go"
# Chlorovibrissea

Chlorovibrissea is a genus of six or more aquatic or semi-aquatic fungi in the family Vibrisseaceae. Most species are found in Australasia but C. chilensis, described as new to science in 2014, is from South America and C. korfii is from China.
# S. L. Hakimi

Seifollah Louis Hakimi (1932–June 23, 2005) was an Iranian-American mathematician born in Iran, a professor emeritus at Northwestern University, where he chaired the department of electrical engineering from 1973 to 1978. He was chair of the Department of Electrical Engineering at University of California, Davis, from 1986 to 1996.
Hakimi received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1959, under the supervision of Mac Van Valkenburg. He has over 100 academic descendants, most of them via his student Narsingh Deo.
He is known for characterizing the degree sequences of undirected graphs, for formulating the Steiner tree problem on networks, and for his work on facility location problems on networks.

## Selected publications

* Hakimi, S. L. (1963), "On realizability of a set of integers as degrees of the vertices of a linear graph. II. Uniqueness", J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math., 11 (1): 135–147, doi:10.1137/0111010, JSTOR 2098770, MR 0153001.
* Hakimi, S. L. (1964), "Optimum locations of switching centers and the absolute centers and medians of a graph", Operations Research, 12 (3): 450–459, doi:10.1287/opre.12.3.450.
* Hakimi, S. L. (1971), "Steiner's problem in graphs and its implications", Networks, 1 (2): 113–133, doi:10.1002/net.3230010203, MR 0295947.
* Megiddo, N.; Hakimi, S. L.; Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S.; Papadimitriou, C. H. (1988), "The complexity of searching a graph", Journal of the ACM, 35 (1): 18–44, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.63.3708, doi:10.1145/42267.42268, S2CID 1521081.
* Bauer, D.; Hakimi, S. L.; Schmeichel, E. (1990), "Recognizing tough graphs is NP-hard", Discrete Applied Mathematics, 28 (3): 191–195, doi:10.1016/0166-218X(90)90001-S, MR 1074858.
# 1934 in Romania

Events from the year 1934 in Romania. The year saw the country sign the Balkan Pact.

## Incumbents

* King: Carol II.
* Prime Minister:
** Constantin Angelescu (interim, until 4 January).
** Gheorghe Tătărescu (from 5 January).

## Events

* 9 February – Romania signs the Balkan Pact with Greece, Turkey and Yugoslavia in Athens.
* 27 May – The national football team is defeated by Czechoslovakia in the first round of the 1934 FIFA World Cup.
* 20 August – The Union of Hungarian Workers of Romania (MADOSZ, Magyar Dolgozók Országos Szövetsége or Uniunea Oamenilor Muncii Maghiari din România) is founded.
* 26 September – Ford Romania buy the land on which they will build their factory in Bucharest.
* October – The Criterion Association is dissolved, Mircea Vulcănescu citing the rise of fascism for the demise.
* 22 November – Mihai Stelescu founds the newspaper Cruciada Românismului to propagate the Crusade of Romanianism.

## Births

* 22 February – Iuliana Simon, skier that competed in the 1956 Winter Olympics.
* 29 April – Zoe Țapu, agronomist (died 2013).
* 6 May – Stela Perin, artistic gymnast that competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
* 21 September – Maria Scheip, handballer, gold medallist at the 1956, 1960, and 1962 World Championships.
* 15 November – Kira Muratova, Romanian-born Soviet film director and screenwriter (died 2018).
* 10 December – Leopoldina Bălănuță, actor (died 1998).

## Deaths

* 14 January – Ioan Cantacuzino, physician, bacteriologist, and a titular member of the Romanian Academy (born 1863).
* 16 February – Ștefan Cicio Pop, politician (born 1865).
* 20 April – Constanța Hodoș, novelist, playwright and journalist (born 1860).
* 24 September – Alexandru Mavrodi, director of the National Theatre Bucharest (born 1881).
# Bloodied, but Unbowed

Bloodied, but Unbowed is the debut album by the American hard rock band Desperado. It was released by Destroyer Records in 1996.
Re-titled under its original title, Ace, it was re-issued in 2006 by Angel Air Records in the UK (including extensive sleeve notes by Record Collector magazine's Joe Geesin, featuring interviews by Bernie Tormé and Dee Snider) and Deadline Records in the U.S. with the songs "Easy Action" and "Heart of Saturday Night" cut from the track listing. Argentina's Del Imaginario Discos also released the album in 2007.
"Gone Bad", "Calling for You", "Emaheeval", and "Easy Action" were re-recorded by Snider's next band, Widowmaker, for their 1992 debut album, Blood and Bullets.

## Track listing

All songs written by Dee Snider and Bernie Tormé, except "Heart of Saturday Night" by Tom Waits.
* "Hang 'Em High" - 4:51
* "Gone Bad" - 3:44
* "The Maverick" - 5:06
* "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter" - 7:11
* "Calling for You" - 4:54
* "See You at Sunrise" - 5:53
* "There's No Angels Here" - 4:54
* "Made for Trouble" - 3:45
* "Ride Thru the Storm" - 4:30
* "Son of a Gun" - 5:34
* "Emaheevol" - 4:25
* "Easy Action" - 3:52
* "Heart of Saturday Night" - 3:53

## Personnel

* Dee Snider – vocals
* Bernie Tormé – guitars
* Marc Russell – bass
* Clive Burr – drums
# Ophrys × flavicans

Ophrys × flavicans is a hybrid species of orchid found in Spain, the Balearic Islands, France, mainland Italy, Sicily and former Yugoslavia. It is a hybrid between Ophrys bertolonii and Ophrys sphegodes. It has a large number of synonyms, either as other hybrid species, such as Ophrys × drumana and Ophrys × bertoloniiformis, or as infrataxa of other species, such as Ophrys bertolonii subsp. flavicans.

## Description

Ophrys × flavicans is herbaceous with an erect stem 15–30 cm (6–12 in) high. The flowers are grouped into a more-or-less lax inflorescence. They have ovate to lanceolate pink to lilac sepals. The lateral petals are elongated, pink to brownish red, with greenish central veins and wavy margins. The labellum is reddish brown, with marginal hairs, and a glossy grey-blue central patch.

## Taxonomy

The hybrid has been given many scientific names. As of December 2023, Plants of the World Online regarded the earliest and therefore the one with priority as Ophrys × flavicans, published by Roberto de Visiani in 1842.

## Ecology

Like the other species of Ophrys, no nectar is produced, fertilization being effected by pseudocopulation by males of the family Megachilidae, including Megachile albonotata, Megachile benoisti, Megachile manicata, Megachile parietina and Megachile sicula.
# Colorful Daegu Championships Meeting

The Colorful Daegu Championships Meeting was an annual track and field competition at the Daegu Stadium in Daegu, South Korea as part of the IAAF World Challenge Meetings. The first edition took place in 2005 under the name Colorful Daegu Pre-Championship Meeting. The event was last organized in 2012.

## Meet records
### Men

Men's meeting records of the Colorful Daegu Championships Meeting :
| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date |
| 100 m | 9.86 (+0.1 m/s) | Usain Bolt | Jamaica | 19 May 2010 |
| 200 m | 19.65 (±0.0 m/s) | Wallace Spearmon | United States | 28 September 2006 |
| 400 m | 44.72 | Kirani James | Grenada | 16 May 2012 |
| 800 m | 1:43.51 | Mohammed Aman | Ethiopia | 16 May 2012 |
| 1500 m | 3:53.09 | Philemon Kimutai | Kenya | 28 September 2006 |
| 5000 m | 13:24.92 | Joseph Kitur Kiplimo | Kenya | 25 September 2009 |
| 110 m hurdles | 13.11 (−0.2 m/s) | David Oliver | United States | 19 May 2010 |
| 400 m hurdles | 48.72 | L. J. van Zyl | South Africa | 2008 |
| 3000 m steeplechase | 8:12.08 | Hillary Kipsang Yego | Kenya | 12 May 2011 |
| High jump | 2.30 m | Stefan Holm | Sweden | 28 September 2006 |
| Pole vault | 5.56 m | Brad Walker | United States | 2005 |
| Long jump | 7.99 m (+0.8 m/s) | Ignisious Gaisah | Ghana | 16 May 2012 |
| Triple jump | 17.50 m | Aarik Wilson | United States | 3 October 2007 |
| Shot put | 21.14 m | Ryan Whiting | United States | 16 May 2012 |
| Javelin throw | 86.95 m | Teemu Wirkkala | Finland | 25 September 2009 |
| 4 × 400 m relay | 3:01.04 | Kei Takase Yuzo Kanemaru Yusuke Ishitsuka Hiroyuki Nakano | Japan | 16 May 2012 |

### Women

Women's meeting records of the Colorful Daegu Championships Meeting :
| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date |
| 100 m | 10.83 | Carmelita Jeter | United States | 25 September 2009 |
| 200 m | 22.38 (+0.4 m/s) | Allyson Felix | United States | 12 May 2011 |
| 800 m | 2:00.51 | Kenia Sinclair | Jamaica | 19 May 2010 |
| 1500 m | 4:03.52 | Anna Mishchenko | Ukraine | 12 May 2011 |
| 5000 m | 16:30.57 | Tirunesh Dibaba | Ethiopia | 2005 |
| 100 m hurdles | 12.60 | Brigitte Foster-Hylton | Jamaica | 25 September 2009 |
| 3000m steeplechase | 9:24.51 | Ruth Bisibori Nyangau | Kenya | 3 October 2007 |
| High jump | 1.94 m | Xingjuan Zheng | China | 12 May 2011 |
| High jump | 1.94 m | Marina Aitova | Kazakhstan | 12 May 2011 |
| Pole vault | 4.80 m | Elena Isinbaeva | Russia | 3 October 2007 |
| Long jump | 6.90 m | Tatyana Lebedeva | Russia | 3 October 2007 |
| Hammer throw | 77.24 m | Betty Heidler | Germany | 16 May 2012 |
| Javelin throw | 66.37 m | Maria Abakumova | Russia | 25 September 2009 |
# Boxers of Loyalty and Righteousness

Loyalty and Righteousness, also known as Shogun Saints (Chinese: 忠義門), is a 1972 Hong Kong action martial arts film directed by Lung Chien, and starring Jimmy Wang Yu.

## Plot

Warlord Yu Ming gained great power for himself. He was a killer, and betrayed his friend General Yip and then slaughtered his family. But the General's son escaped, and spent all the life learning martial arts, with only will to kill Yu Ming.

## Cast

* Jimmy Wang Yu as Yu Wang
* Pin Chiang
* Chia-Lin Sun
* Yeh Tien
* Shao-Chun Chang
* Hui-Lou Chen
* Li-Yun Chen
* Tao Chiang
* Wan-Hsi Chin
# Sideritis elica

Sideritis elica is a plant species in the genus Sideritis, endemic to Bulgaria. The species was discovered and described by Associate Prof. Ina Aneva and Senior Assistant Prof. Georgi Bonchev of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, as well as by Prof. Petar Zhelev of the University of Forestry in Sofia.
The molecular analysis supports the morphological data about the divergence between the more widespread Sideritis scardica and Sideritis elica. The studied populations of the two taxa were found to be genetically distant.
The species is only known from the northern foothills of the central Rhodope Mountains, where it grows in the Chervenata Stena Reserve near Asenovgrad and Bachkovo Monastery.
# Eomeropidae

Eomeropidae is a family of aberrant, flattened scorpionflies represented today by only a single living species, Notiothauma reedi, known from the Nothofagus forests in southern Chile, while all other recognized genera in the family are known only as fossils, with the earliest definitive fossil known from Liassic-aged strata, and the youngest from Paleogene-aged strata.

## Ecology

Notiothauma adults are thought to be saprophagous with a preference for carrion, having been observed feeding on dead chickens and rabbits, though in one experimental study they were also observed feeding on plant material.

## Genera

There are six extinct genera and one monotypic living genus which have been placed in Eomeropidae.
* †Eomerope. Cockerell 1909 This genus is known from Paleogene fossils from Eocene and Oligocene strata of North America, including the Allenby Formation and the Florissant Formation, and Paleocene to Oligocene strata of Russia. Because N. reedi is not known in the fossil record, Eomerope is the youngest of the fossil genera, and has the widest range.
* †Burmothauma Zhang at al. 2022 B. eureka is known from the mid Cretaceous Burmese amber of Myanmar.
* †Jurachorista. Soszyńska-Maj, et al., 2016 Known from the Early Jurassic, Sinemurian aged Charmouth Mudstone Formation of Dorset, England, is currently considered to be one of the oldest members of the family.
* †Jurathauma. Zhang et al. 2011 J. xinjiangensis is known from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) Badaowan Formation of Xinjiang, China, while J. simplex is known from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Beds of Inner Mongolia, China.
* Notiothauma. McLachlan, 1877 N. reedi is a remarkable species, flattened and extremely cockroach-like in appearance and habits. It is nocturnal, and scuttles on the forest floor, where it can be collected by laying trails of oatmeal. The larvae are still unknown. Because this is the last extant species of Eomeropidae, N. reedi can be characterized as a living fossil taxon.
* †Tsuchingothauma. Ren and Shih 2005 T. shihi and T. gongi are both known from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds of China.
* †Typhothauma Ren and Shih 2005 known from the Early Cretaceous Dabeigou Formation and Yixian Formation of China.

## Phylogeny

The proposed phylogenetic relationships within Eomeropidae based on Soszyńska-Maj et al 2016.
Eomeropids have been suggested to be most closely related to the also poorly diverse and relictual Meropeidae.
# Disney Magicboard Online

Disney Magicboard Online (迪士尼魔幻飞板) is an online racing game featuring Disney characters. This game was released only in China on December 10, 2007. It was developed by the Chinese game developer Shanda under license of The Walt Disney Company.

## Gameplay

Players control the magicboard by using the arrow keys on the keyboard. Players can choose from a variety of Disney characters, including: Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Goofy, Donald Duck, Daisy Duck, and Pluto.
# Chloroxylon swietenia

Chloroxylon swietenia , the Ceylon satinwood or East Indian satinwood, is a tropical hardwood, the sole species in the genus Chloroxylon (from the Greek χλωρὸν ξύλον, "green wood"). It is native to southern India, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar.
It and Zanthoxylum flavum, the West Indian satinwood, are considered to be the original satinwoods.

## Wood

Its wood is prized for veneers, inlays, fine furniture, and other specialty applications.

## Conservation

Populations have declined due to overexploitation.
# Rönnberg

Rönnberg is a Swedish surname that may refer to:
* Glenn Rönnberg (born 1961), a Swedish footballer
* Hanna Rönnberg (1862–1946), a Finnish artist and writer
* Jerker Rönnberg (born 1953), a Swedish professor of psychology
* Joonas Rönnberg (born 1983), a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman
* Lennart Rönnberg (1938–2022), a Swedish Army major general
* Mikael Rönnberg (born 1957), a Swedish footballer
* Nico Rönnberg (born 1992), a Finnish handball player
* Roger Rönnberg (born 1971), a Swedish ice hockey coach
# 1938 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship

The 1938 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 44th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.
Ahane were the defending champions.
On 30 October 1938, Ahane won the championship after a 4–05 to 2–02 defeat of Croom in the final. It was their seventh championship title overall and their sixth title in succession.
# Blendon

Blendon can refer to:
* Blendon, London
* Blendon Township, Michigan
* Blendon Township, Ohio
# Cryphia nana

Cryphia nana is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1911. It can be found in the US state of California.
# Novosibirsk Specialized Music School

Novosibirsk Specialized Music School was founded in 1970, and in 2003 was officially designated by the State Duma a school for children with exceptional ability in the arts. It is one of only two music schools in Russia directly subordinate to the Ministry of Culture.
Nearly 180 young musicians from Novosibirsk, different cities of Russia and other countries study at 5 departments. Also, college students often play in most famous concert halls in Russia, United States, Italy, Germany, Japan, Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Brazil, Korea. The names of graduates are Vadim Repin, Maxim Vengerov, and others.
# Bowed psaltery

The bowed psaltery is a type of psaltery or zither that is played with a bow. In contrast with the centuries-old plucked psaltery, the bowed psaltery appears to be a 20th-century invention.

## History
### Violin zither

In 1925, a German patent was issued to the Clemens Neuber Company for a bowed psaltery which also included a set of strings arranged in chords, so that one could play the melody on the bowed psaltery strings, and strum the accompaniment with the other hand. These are usually called "violin zithers".

### Ukelin-type instruments

Similar instruments were being produced by American companies of the same time period, often with Hawaiian-inspired names, such as Hawaiian Art Violin or Violin-Uke, and marketed for use in playing the Hawaiian music, which was popular in the United States in the 1920s. These instruments are not typically referred to as psalteries, but by the various trade names they were sold under, such as Ukelin.

### The conventional bowed psaltery

Today, the bowed psaltery is most often produced without chord accompaniment strings (though some modern players retune the chromatic side to produce chords, and play it in the manner of the violin zither).
After the Second World War, Walter Mittman, a primary school teacher in Westphalia, popularized the conventional triangular bowed psaltery, which had earlier been advocated for use in education by the German Edgar Stahmer (1911–1996).

## Description

The conventional bowed psaltery is triangular, allowing each string to extend a little farther than the one before it, so that each can be individually bowed. Chromatic bowed psalteries have the sharps and flats on one side and the diatonic notes on the opposite.
It is a psaltery in the traditional sense of a wooden sound box with unstopped strings over the soundboard. It significantly differs from the Medieval plucked psaltery only in that its strings are arranged to permit bowing. The soundboard has a sound hole or rose in the center. In the United States, it is normally played with a small bow, often made in the earlier semicircular style, whereas in Europe a reduced-size modern violin bow is used.

## Method of playing

Performance styles vary, but the instrument may be played either one note at a time, with the instrument held with one hand and bowed with the other, as in instruments of the violin family, or it may be laid down and played with a bow in each hand, in a style reminiscent of the closely related hammered dulcimer. Some players will also hold two bows in one hand to facilitate double-stopping.
Other than bowing, the instrument may also be strummed or struck for additional tone colors. The strings are often too closely spaced for conventional finger picking, but may be plucked at the bowing end.
# Centla Municipality

Centla is a municipality in the Mexican state of Tabasco in south-eastern Mexico.
# Eosentomon maryae

Eosentomon maryae is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in North America.