OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canada–Kazakhstan relations

Canada and Kazakhstan established diplomatic relations with each other in 1992. Canada has an embassy in Astana. Kazakhstan has an embassy in Ottawa and a consulate in Toronto.
Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. The former President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, made an official visit to Canada in May 2003.

## Political

Canada and Kazakhstan established diplomatic relations with each other in 1992. Canada established an embassy in Almaty, which it later moved to Astana. Kazakhstan is represented in Canada through its embassy in Ottawa. On March 31, 2009, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev met with Canada's ex-prime minister Jean Chrétien to discuss deepening mutual relations. After their conversation, Chrétien went on to say, "We should use new economic opportunities. It is high time to start new projects. During the talks with Kazakh President we discussed cooperation in various spheres. Kazakhstan and Canada can work together". Also in 2009, Kazakh Prime Minister Karim Massimov met with Canadian Senator Consiglio Di Nino.
On November 13, 2013, Kazakhstan and Canada Foreign Minister John Baird signed a new agreement of peaceful atomic energy and new technology. The two also discussed agriculture and visa regimes.

## Economic

Initial trade and investment between the two countries focused on agriculture and mining, with nominal but decreasing exports of oil and gas machinery from Canada to Kazakhstan. According to Rod Lever, the Chief Representative to Russia for Export Development Canada, "Kazakhstan has been able to develop commercial relations with Canada keyed to shared strengths in agriculture and extractive industries", and there is an increased emphasis in Canadian export of aerospace and telecommunications equipment, such as regional jets. The focus on agriculture has led to Canadian equipment gaining nearly 25 percent of the agriculture and machinery market in Kazakhstan.
Canadian exports to Kazakhstan have been growing steadily, and increased by over 50% in 2007 to reach a total of CAD $182.7 million for that year, from $138 million in 2005. As of 2008, there are 170 Canadian companies active in the market and more than forty with a permanent presence there. Canada is also among the top ten foreign investors in the country, with investments totaling more than two billion CAD.

## Canadian Ambassadors to Kazakhstan

* Bell, Michael Richard 1992
* Kinsman, Jeremy K.B. 1992/08
* Mann, Richard 1996/08/19
* Skinner, Gerald R. 1999/08/11 (1999/11/09)
* Cowan, Hector 2001/07/16 (2001/10/17)
* Biolik, Anna 2004/08/09 (2004/09)
* Dap, Margaret 2006/06/14 (2006/10/18)
* Millar, Stephen 2009/07/15 (2009/11/19)
* Style, Sean 2014/03/24 (2014/08/12)
* Nicolas Brousseau 2017/08/17 (2017/10/19
# Tom Beckett

Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Anthony Beckett, KCB, CBE (born 1962) is a former British Army officer. He served as Chief of Staff for the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan.

## Early life and education

Beckett was born in 1962 in Bahrain. He was educated at Blackrock College, an all-boys Catholic school in Dublin, Ireland. During his army career, he studied at Cranfield University: he graduated with a Master of Arts degree in military studies in 1994 and a Master of Science degree in global security in 2002.

## Military career

Beckett was commissioned into the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars in 1984. After serving in the Gulf War in 1991 and Sierra Leone Civil War in 2001, he became commanding officer of 1st Battalion the Parachute Regiment in 2002 in which role he was deployed for the Invasion of Iraq in 2003.
Beckett became deputy director, Higher Command and Staff Course in 2005, commander of the 20th Armoured Brigade in 2007 (in which role he was again deployed to Iraq) and Director Commitments at Headquarters Land Forces in 2009. He went on to be Deputy Commander of the NATO Rapid Deployable Italian Corps in July 2010 in which role was deployed as chief of staff for the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. Beckett became Defence Senior Advisor Middle East at the Ministry of Defence with the rank of lieutenant general in late 2014. In the 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.
Beckett retired from the British Army in 2018. He held the position as Regimental Colonel of the Queen′s Royal Hussars from 2014 to 2023.

## Later career

Since 2018, Beckett has been executive director of International Institute for Strategic Studies – Middle East.
# Pangtang

Pangtang is a village in Sindhupalchok District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,268 and had 410 houses in the village.
# Bill Cregar

William Osmund Cregar (May 2, 1925 – December 28, 2019) was an American football guard who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football at the College of the Holy Cross, having previously attended Frank H. Morrell High School. He is a member of the College of the Holy Cross Athletic Hall of Fame.
Cregar later joined the FBI in the early 1950s and worked as a CIA–FBI liaison agent and then chief of the FBI counter-intelligence agency. A colleague, Jay Aldhizer described Cregar as having a "high profile in the intelligence community...a flamboyant personality, with a desk-pounding, get what I want type of relationship with CIA". He retired from the FBI as the Assistant Director of Foreign Intelligence and Counter Espionage in 1980.
# Reynolds Homestead

The Reynolds Homestead, also known as Rock Spring Plantation, is a slave plantation turned historical site on Homestead Lane in Critz, Virginia. First developed in 1814 by slaveowner Abram Reynolds, it was the primary home of R. J. Reynolds (1850–1918), founder of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, and the first major marketer of the cigarette. Upon liberation of the plantation in 1863, 88 people were freed from captivity and enslavement. It was later designated a National Historic Landmark in 1977. The homestead is currently an outreach facility of Virginia Tech, serving as a regional cultural center. The house is open for tours.

## Description and history

The Reynolds Homestead is located in a rural area of eastern Patrick County, Virginia, about one mile north of the village of Critz. The estate house is a two-story brick building with a hip roof, from which an older two-story ell extends. Outbuildings of the plantation complex include a large corn crib, a brick kitchen, milkhouse, and icehouse. The Reynolds family cemetery is located near the house and across a field is the slave cemetery. The house has been restored to its nineteenth century state and includes many of the original family furnishings.
The property was first developed by Abram Reynolds, who built a log cabin near where the main house stands. His son, Hardin W. Reynolds, developed the estate in the mid-19th century, and it here that his son, R. J. Reynolds was born and lived for the first 24 years of his life. Reynolds achieved early economic success selling plug tobacco, but made an instant success out of the introduction of the Camel cigarette brand, which he marketed and advertised widely.
Reynolds moved out of the family homestead in 1874. It remained within the family, but in declining condition, into the mid-20th century. In 1968, Nancy Susan Reynolds, R.J.'s only surviving child, purchased over 700 acres (280 ha) of the original plantation, most of which she gave to Virginia Tech, retaining life interest in the homestead, which was carefully restored. The property is now managed by Virginia Tech, and includes a continuing education center managed by its Department of Outreach and International Affairs. It hosts educational and cultural events, and the house is open for tours for both individuals and groups.
# Bhāvasena

Bhāvasena was a Jain philosopher of the Digambara school who lived in South India during the late 13th and early 14th century. His Viśvatattvaprkāśa is particularly important for its systematic questioning of the validity of the Vedic tradition. In his Collected papers on Jaina studies, P. S. Jaini gave an account of Bhāvasena and his Muktivicāra and Bhuktivicāra, with translations. Somewhat later, Eiichi Yamaguchi, in his report on the 14th world Sanskrit conference in Kyoto, 2009, refers to a paper delivered by Robert Zydenbos on Bhāvasena's Viśvatattvaprkāśa, but that work remains unpublished.
# Archive for Christian Democratic Policy

The Archive for Christian Democratic Policy (ACDP) at the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, established in 1976 on the initiative of Heinrich Krone, Bruno Heck and Helmut Kohl, is the central archive of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) of Germany in Sankt Augustin.
By bringing together the sources of history of the CDU and processing the materials thus assembled, the founders’ aim was to enable extensive research to be conducted into the effectiveness of Christian democratic policy in German and European post-war history.

## Size and content of the archive

The ACDP is in charge of the records of the CDU, its leading representatives, committees and organisations. It also collects records and other documentation of the Christian precursor parties and of the parties that have merged with the CDU. The records of the international Christian democratic parties, especially the European confederations, are also collected as they arise. Moreover, by taking over the archive and library of the East German CDU in 1990 the ACDP has assumed a significant role in researching the German Democratic Republic’s history.
At present the archive collection runs to 18,000 metres of files, as well as extensive stocks of photographs, posters and audio-visual material. In addition to the historical archive a documentation which collects news and commentaries from the print media and television as well as publications by state institutions, political parties, organisations and the churches is at the user’s disposal. A specialised research and reference library is also available with about 164,000 titles on politics and contemporary history. This intermeshing of the domains of archive, documentation and library makes the ACDP both a source of knowledge and a research institution.

## Operations

Its effective functioning is ensured as a result of
* making its records available for historical and political research;
* its own exhibitions, conferences and series of events (e.g. “Colloquy on the Kohl era” since 2000);
* surveys and publications (especially through its series “Forschungen und Quellen zur Zeitgeschichte/Researches and Resources on Contemporary History” and its annually published review “Historisch-Politisch Mitteilungen/Historical-Political Announcements”).

## International significance

The archive is frequently consulted and used by foreign researchers, demonstrating that its importance for research on Christian democracy and German history since 1945 is acknowledged throughout the world.
# Colorblind (book)

Colorblind: The Rise of Post-Racial Politics and the Retreat from Racial Equity is a non-fiction book by the anti-racist writer and educator Tim Wise, and is published by City Lights.

## Critical reception

Reviewing the book, Kel Munger from the Sacramento News and Review states that "Tim Wise dismantles the myth that full equality has been won and the playing field is level with hard facts, citing studies that have shown the persistence of institutional racism and white racial preference in all areas, including employment, education and health care." In another review from AnnArbor.com, La'Ron Williams highlights Wise's attempts at addressing contemporary concerns: "Focusing on disparities in four key areas--employment, education, healthcare, and housing--and drawing upon a wide range of academic studies, Wise pulls back the veil from the face of contemporary 'invisible' racism. He also, simultaneously, points out the ways that so-called 'colorblind' social policies--those which are based on programs meant to 'lift all boats' by raising the overall economic water level for working class and poor people--will actually worsen the problems of racial injustice."
# Schistocerca piceifrons

Schistocerca piceifrons is a large locust in the subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae: Acrididae. There are two subspecies. S. p. piceifrons is sometimes called the Central American locust and S. p. peruviana is sometimes known as the Peruvian locust.

## Taxonomy and distribution

S. piceifrons is closely related to Schistocerca americana, but exhibits a greater degree of phase polymorphism referred to in the technical literature as "density-dependent phenotypic plasticity. It is the swarming locust of tropical America.

### Subspecies

Two subspecies of S. piceifrons are recognised:
* S. p. piceifrons, which occurs in the dry areas of the Pacific coast of Central America and the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico;
* S. p. peruviana, which occurs in the high valleys of the Andes.
Historically, swarms have invaded north through Colombia and Venezuela as far as Guyana. This species shows typical locust phase polymorphism. Solitarious nymphs are green, but gregarious ones are pink with a black pattern. There are morphological differences between solitarious and gregarious adults. For many years the two phases were believed to be different species; the gregarious form was mistakenly identified as S. paranensis and the solitarious form as S. americana.

## Life cycle and pest status

The species is polyphagous, but shows a preference for rice, wheat, maize, palms and citrus. It also attacks sunflower, lentil, potato, tobacco and sorghum when preferred plants are unavailable.
The life cycle of S. p. piceifrons in Yucatan and Central America is as follows. It survives the winter dry season in the adult stage. Copulation and oviposition occur in April with a new generation of adults appearing in July. These mature in September and lay a second generation of eggs which hatch in October. This generation becomes adult in late December to early January and remains immature until the following April.
The life cycle of S. p. peruviana is less well understood owing to the complicating effect of altitude. However, it is also believed to have two generations per year, although this is not certain, surviving the dry season from May to October in the adult stage.
The most serious recorded plague of S. p. piceifrons in Central America occurred in 1939 and lasted until 1954. Regarding S. p. peruviana, the area around Ayacucho has been permanently infested since 1940. From 1945 to 1948 northern Peru was infested by a plague that covered 100,000 square kilometres. Colombia has recorded 12 locust plagues between 1540 and 1917. Swarms, probably originating in Colombia, reached Venezuela, Trinidad and Guyana in two plagues: 1881–1886 and 1913–18, although the subspecies of these last cannot be determined with certainty.
# Edebessa purens

Edebessa purens is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found in Brazil.
# Valea Râmnicului

Valea Râmnicului is a commune in Buzău County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Oreavu, Rubla and Valea Râmnicului.
# Shyamsila

Shyamsila is a village development committee in Bhojpur District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2793.
# Pangu, Hebei

Pangu (simplified Chinese: 盘古; traditional Chinese: 盤古; pinyin: Pángǔ) is a town under the administration of Qing County, Hebei, China. As of 2023, it administers the following 31 villages:
* Dapangu Village (大盘古村)
* Guanzhuang Village (官庄村)
* Lijiaying Village (李家营村)
* Beiliu Village (北柳村)
* Dixiatou Village (堤下头村)
* Nanliu Village (南柳村)
* Qiangeshangying Village (前阁上营村)
* Wujiayuan Village (吴家院村)
* Sujiayuan Village (苏家院村)
* Hemuzhuang Village (和睦庄村)
* Baizhuangzi Village (白庄子村)
* Weizhuangzi Village (魏庄子村)
* Xiaopangu Village (小盘古村)
* Daxingzhuang Village (大兴庄村)
* Nanwangzhuang Village (南王庄村)
* Hougeshangying Village (后阁上营村)
* Xiwangying Village (西王营村)
* Rulin Village (儒林村)
* Linzhuangzi Village (林庄子村)
* Jinjiaying Village (金家营村)
* Miao Village (苗村)
* Yuanli Village (园里村)
* Dongwangying Village (东王营村)
* Xiaoxinzhuang Village (小辛庄村)
* Caoxinzhuang Village (曹辛庄村)
* Wanghuangma Village (王黄马村)
* Tasizhuang Village (塔寺庄村)
* Sunjialou Village (孙家楼村)
* Siwotou Village (四沃头村)
* Beiyu'erzhuang Village (北渔二庄村)
* Mazhuangzi Village (马庄子村)
# Billbergia elegans

Billbergia elegans is a plant species in the genus Billbergia. This species is native to Brazil.

## Cultivars

* Billbergia 'Caraca'
* Billbergia 'Esther'
* Billbergia 'George Cooley'
* × Cryptbergia 'Hazel Quilhot'
# Bay City (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
Bay City is an album by David Thomas and Foreigners, released in 2000.

## Production

The album was recorded in Denmark, over a period of three years. Its title is an homage to the Bay City of Raymond Chandler's writings.

## Critical reception

CMJ New Music Monthly wrote that Thomas "has to be one of the most soulful abstractionists going, and these three Danish improvisers are as simpatico as any band he's been with."

## Track listing

All tracks composed by David Thomas, Peter Ole Jørgensen, Per Buhl Acs and Jørgen Teller
* "Clouds of You" – 4:24
* "White Room" – 3:37
* "Black Coffee Dawn" – 4:35
* "Salt" – 5:58
* "Nobody Lives On The Moon" – 2:06
* "Charlotte" – 3:52
* "The Doorbell" – 2:51
* "15 Seconds" – 5:19
* "The Radio Talks To Me" – 3:57
* "Shaky Hands" – 4:56
* "Black Rain" – 5:47
* "Turpentine" – 2:34
* "White Room #4" – 3:36

## Personnel
### David Thomas and Foreigners

* David Thomas - vocals
* Jørgen Teller - guitar, Casio synthesizer
* Per Buhl Acs - bass, clarinet, melodica
* Peter Ole Jørgensen - drums, percussion, steel drums, vibraphone
# Bhalubang

Bhalubang (Nepali:भालुबाङ), sometimes Bhaluwang (Nepali:भालुवाङ) is a place located in Rapti Rural Municipality, ward number 1 Dang Deukhuri District, Nepal. It is declared as the capital of Lumbini Province from general assembly of province number 5. Bhalubang refers to bear ground. In the Magar Kham language, “Bhalu” means bear and “Bang” means playground. Before human settlement, that place was a playground and habitat for bears. Human settlement in the Bhalubang started mainly in two different stages: one was before the construction of the west Rapti bridge and, another was after the construction of west Rapti river bridge. Bhalubang, the land of ethnic diversity, lies on the lap of Chure hills along with the West Rapti River. It is the local marketplace; people from nearby villages come to shop.
Before the construction of a bridge on the Rapti River, the human settlement was there on the east part of Pulchowk; known as upper Bhalubang. Human settlement in the next phase was started after the construction of the Rapti Setu bridge; people from different parts of Nepal came and captured the land of the national forest near around newly constructed bridge, now known as Pulchowk or Lower Bhalubang. Before the construction of the Rapti bridge, People returning from India used to travel through Banghushree; a village located at Gadhawa rural municipality ward number 1.
Jwalamai gan is an armed police camp and a regional police training center. This camp is located on the west side of Bhalubang where Maoist attack in 2002 AD (2058 BS) caused a huge loss of life and property.
# Archive for Mathematical Logic

Archive for Mathematical Logic is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It was established in 1950 and publishes articles on mathematical logic.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Mathematical Reviews
* Zentralblatt MATH
* Scopus
* SCImago
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.287.
# Ntamba

Ntamba is a village in the Commune of Musigati in Bubanza Province in north western Burundi.
# Edebessa

Edebessa is a genus of moths in the family Megalopygidae erected by Francis Walker in 1856.

## Species

* Edebessa bicolor (Möschler, 1883)
* Edebessa placida (E. D. Jones, 1912)
* Edebessa purens (Walker, 1855)

## Former species

* Edebessa circumcincta (Schaus, 1905)
* Edebessa nigrorufa (Walker, 1865)
# Valea Satului (Iza)

The Valea Satului is a right tributary of the river Iza in Romania. It discharges into the Iza in Strâmtura. Its length is 8 km (5.0 mi) and its basin size is 22 km$^2$ (8.5 sq mi).
# Central Collegiate

Central Collegiate is a high school in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada. It has approximately 520 students and 40 staff and is currently one of the oldest operating public schools in Saskatchewan. Central originally opened its doors in 1910.
Central is a progressive and diverse school. It offers a wide variety of courses in various disciplines: business, technology, fine arts, math, sciences, applied arts, wellness, humanities, and languages. There is also an English as a second language program for many Moose Jaw residents.
# Paracoccus

Paracoccus is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to:
* Paracoccus (bacterium), a genus of bacteria in the family Rhodobacteraceae
* Paracoccus (bug), a genus of insects in the family Pseudococcidae
# Billbergia formosa

Billbergia formosa is a species of flowering plant in the genus Billbergia. It is endemic to Peru but cultivated elsewhere as an ornamental. The species is very rare in the wild and listed as endangered.

## Cultivars

* Billbergia 'Caroliniana'
* Billbergia 'Wallonia'
# Battleship (rocketry)

In rocketry, 'battleship' was a term used during the design of the Saturn V to refer to a heavy duty rocket stage which was used to test configuration and integration of a launch vehicle.
The term was used in contrast to the boilerplate nickname, which refers to a non-functional mock-up used to test spacecraft.
A battleship is functional, but simpler, cheaper and heavier than the operational version. Thus, it functions but does not achieve the same performance (such as thrust-to-weight ratio) as the operational one. In particular, propellant tanks and major structural components were made of thicker, more rugged materials rather than being carefully thinned to save as much weight as possible. This is done mainly to test the liquid engines operationally and the configuration of the propellant tank passively.
# Bhaluka Road railway station

vteHowrah–New Jalpaiguri line :
Legend :
Source: India Rail Info :
Bhaluka Road railway station is a railway station on the Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line of Katihar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway Zone. It is situated at Kariali of Malda district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Total 24 passengers and express trains stop at Bhaluka Road railway station.
# Ntakarutimana

Ntakarutimana or Ntakirutimana is a Burundian surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Egide Ntakarutimana (born 1997), Burundian long-distance runner
* Sabine Ntakarutimana, Burundian politician
* Elizaphan Ntakirutimana, Rwandan pastor convicted of genocide