OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pestov–Ionin theorem

The Pestov–Ionin theorem in the differential geometry of plane curves states that every simple closed curve of curvature at most one encloses a unit disk.

## History and generalizations

Although a version of this was published for convex curves by Wilhelm Blaschke in 1916, it is named for German Gavrilovich Pestov [ru] and Vladimir Kuzmich Ionin [ru], who published a version of this theorem in 1959 for non-convex doubly differentiable ($C^{2}$) curves, the curves for which the curvature is well-defined at every point. The theorem has been generalized further, to curves of bounded average curvature (singly differentiable, and satisfying a Lipschitz condition on the derivative), and to curves of bounded convex curvature (each point of the curve touches a unit disk that, within some small neighborhood of the point, remains interior to the curve).

## Applications

The theorem has been applied in algorithms for motion planning. In particular it has been used for finding Dubins paths, shortest routes for vehicles that can move only in a forwards direction and that can turn left or right with a bounded turning radius. It has also been used for planning the motion of the cutter in a milling machine for pocket machining, and in reconstructing curves from scattered data points.
# EPHA

EPHA may refer to:
* European Public Health Alliance, a European non-profit association registered in Belgium
* Ephrin receptors (EPHA1-10), components of cell signalling pathways involved in animal growth and development
# Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia

Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia, the beaked hawksbeard, is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe and northwest Africa. It has become naturalized in scattered locations in the United Kingdom, North America, and Oceania.

## Description

Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia reaches 4 ft (120 cm) in height, with each of many branches producing yellow, dandelion-like flower heads at the tips.
At the base of the plant are long leaves 4 to 14 in (10 to 36 cm). Smaller leaves connect directly to the stem. Leaves are irregularly and deeply lobed.
The underside of each flower head has two layers of leaf-like phyllaries. The inner phyllaries are longer and pointed, and often curl back away from the flower head. The outer layer of phyllaries is substantially shorter.
# Farský

Farský is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* František Farský (1846–1927), Czech agronomist and chemist
* Jan Farský (born 1979), Czech politician
* Karel Farský (1880–1927), Czech Roman Catholic priest
# Dance with Somebody

"Dance with Somebody" is a song by the alternative rock band Mando Diao. It was released in January 2009 as the lead single from their album, Give Me Fire. A segment of the song was the theme song for the twelfth season of Dancing With The Stars.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Matt Wignall and Vern Moen.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 1 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 16 |
| Czech Republic (Rádio – Top 100) | 12 |
| European Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 12 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 13 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 2 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 4 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 9 |
| Slovakia (Rádio Top 100) | 1 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 4 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 3 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2009) | Position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 12 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 5 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 6 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 32 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 42 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 14 |

## Covers

In 2014, the song was covered by German heavy metal band Iron Savior as a surprise track on their album Rise of the Hero. Vocalist/guitarist Piet Sielck explained that the band originally intended the song to be a bonus track for their limited edition release. He addressed why it never came to be:
   "we simply liked it too much and finally decided to make it a regular album track."
# José Antonio Páez Municipality

José Antonio Páez is one of the 14 municipalities of the state of Yaracuy, Venezuela. The municipality is located in southwestern Yaracuy, occupying an area of 135 km ² with a population of 15,101 inhabitants in 2001. The capital lies at Sabana de Parra. It was named after José Antonio Páez.
# Centraal Beheer

Centraal Beheer is an insurance company located in Apeldoorn, Netherlands. It became part of Achmea in 2001. Centraal Beheer is usually referred to as "Apeldoorn". Its offices are known for its architecture by Herman Hertzberger. The company is noted for its external relations, in particular with startups.
Centraal Beheer's advertising slogan is Even Apeldoorn bellen (Just call Apeldoorn), in use since 1985. Many of its TV commercials feature people causing big problems, played for comical effect, which culminate in the slogan. A few of these commercials have won the Dutch Gouden Loeki award for Best Commercial, in 2001, 2004 and 2006. In 2011 Even Apeldoorn bellen was declared the "most classic advertising slogan of all time" in the Netherlands by visitors of the Dutch exhibition ReclameKlassiekers.
# From Here to Paternity

"From Here to Paternity" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, The Green Green Grass. It was first screened on 25 December 2006, as the 2006 Christmas special of the second series. It was written by The Green Green Grass and Only Fools and Horses series creator John Sullivan and directed by Tony Dow.

## Synopsis

When Llewellyn arrives accusing the Boyce's dog, Earl, of seducing his pedigree collie, Blodwyn, who is now pregnant, trouble starts to brew in the village. Boycie doesn't want his reputation to be scarred by having a sexually orientated pet so he denies everything until Llewellyn produces a photograph of the crime to which Marlene replies 'that's canine pornography!'
Things get a whole lot worse, when Mrs Cakeworthy overhears the Boyces talking about it and she assumes they're talking about Tyler getting Beth pregnant. Then when Marlene and Boycie confront Tyler he thinks that they mean that Mrs Cakeworthy is pregnant. Spiralling out of control, the rumours get more and more wild until Ray, Beth's dad, decides to get nasty. When Boycie decides to tell the staff that Mrs Cakeworthy is pregnant her husband shows up and the following conversation leads to Boycie receiving another black eye.
Meanwhile, Mrs Cakeworthy is named Tai Chi Student of the Month, Tyler has a real Christmas surprise for Beth – a horse, and Jed, Elgin and Bryan are convinced that the strange, terrible creature Old Bones has come back to stalk the land, consuming everything in its path. Or maybe they're just trying to scare Boycie and pocket some extra money.

## Episode cast

| Actor | Role |
| John Challis | Boycie |
| Sue Holderness | Marlene |
| Jack Doolan | Tyler |
| David Ross | Elgin |
| Ivan Kaye | Bryan |
| Ella Kenion | Mrs Cakeworthy |
| Peter Heppelthwaite | Jed |
| Alan David | Llewellyn |
| Lisa Diveney | Beth |
| Nigel Harrison | Ray |
| Paul Bown | Colin Cakeworthy |
# Sir William Dunn Professor of Biochemistry

The Sir William Dunn Professorship of Biochemistry is the senior professorship in biochemistry at the University of Cambridge. The position was established in 1914 by the trustees of the will of Sir William Dunn, banker, merchant and philanthropist.
The first holder of the chair was Frederick Gowland Hopkins, winner of the 1929 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on the discovery of vitamins.

## Sir William Dunn Professors

* Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1914-1943)
* Albert Chibnall (1943-1949)
* Frank George Young (1949-1975)
* Hans Kornberg (1975-1995)
* Tom Blundell (1995-2009)
* Gerard Evan (2009-2022)
* Laura Machesky (2022- )
# Dirty Work

Dirty Work may refer to:

## Films and television

* Dirty Work (1933 film), an American comedy short starring comic duo Laurel and Hardy
* Dirty Work (1934 film), a British comedy film
* Dirty Work, a 1992 made for TV crime film starring John Ashton
* Dirty Work (1998 film), an American comedy film starring Norm Macdonald and Artie Lange
* Dirty Work (TV series), a 2012 television series

## Music

* "Dirty Work" (Steely Dan song), 1972
* Dirty Work (The Rolling Stones album), 1986
* Dirty Work (All Time Low album), 2011
* "Dirty Work" (Austin Mahone song), 2015
* Dirty Work – The Album, a 2017 album by Austin Mahone
* Derty Werk, 1999 album by T.W.D.Y.
* "Dirty Work", a song by Halestorm from the album Halestorm

## Novels

* Dirty Work (Cox novel), a 1987 novel by Nigel Cox
* Dirty Work (Brown novel), a 1989 novel by Larry Brown
* Dirty Work, a 1993 novel by Dan McGirt
* Dirty Work, a 2003 novel by Stuart Woods

## Play

* Dirty Work (play), farce by Ben Travers, produced in 1932 at the Aldwych Theatre, London

## Other

* Dirty work, another name for chore division, a part of the theory of fair division
* Dirty Work, a story from The Railway Series' book "Duck and the Diesel Engine"
# Dzielnica (disambiguation)

A dzielnica is a subdivision of a Polish town (and historically a subdivision of the Polish kingdom).
Dzielnica may also refer to:
* Dzielnica, Gmina Czerniewice in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Dzielnica, Gmina Żelechlinek in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Dzielnica, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
# Summoned by Bells

Summoned by Bells, the blank verse autobiography by John Betjeman, describes his life from his early memories of a middle-class home in Edwardian Highgate, London, to his premature departure from Magdalen College, Oxford.
The book was first published in November 1960 by Betjeman's London publisher, John Murray, and was read by the author, chapter by chapter, in a series of radio broadcasts on the Third Programme (later to become Radio Three) of the BBC. A later, illustrated edition with line and water colour illustrations by Hugh Casson was published in 1989 by Murray (ISBN 0-7195-4696-6). A paperback edition appeared in 2001.
There is also a BBC film version directed by Jonathan Stedall for television in 1976. In an autobiography covering the life of Betjeman before he started his first job, narrated in blank verse by him, Betjeman visits places that played an important part in his early life.

## Synopsis

* Chapter I Before MCMXIV — Memories of the nursery, realisation of class. You could:
       looking up socially
       looking down socially and geographically
* Chapter II The Dawn of Guilt — The author prefers poetry to his father's fascinating workshop; early lines.
* Chapter III Highgate — His love for Miss Peggy Purey-Cust; trouble with bullies.
* Chapter IV Cornwall in Childhood — To Cornwall by rail, evocative sounds and smells of childhood holidays.
* Chapter V Private School — To the Dragon School in Oxford; bicycling to look at church architecture.
* Chapter VI London — John's father is doing well, they have moved to Chelsea, "the slummy end"; but he preferred leafy Hampstead.
* Chapter VII Marlborough — After a depressing start, the discovery of literature, nature and the Wiltshire Downs; manages poetry better than painting.
* Chapter VIII Cornwall in Adolescence — To Cornwall by road, adolescent family troubles, and bicycling independently to explore Cornish churches.
* Chapter IX The Opening World — Up to Magdalen College, Oxford, influences, hobnobbing, versifying, failing at Holy Scripture.

## Places mentioned in the book

* St Ervan (In the cool shade of interlacing boughs, I found St Ervan's partly ruined church…)
* Trebetherick
* Pembroke College, Oxford
* Sezincote

## A Ring of Bells

In 1962 Betjeman released an abridged version of the book for children, with illustrations by Edward Ardizzone.
# Fair Warning (1937 film)

Fair Warning is a 1937 American mystery film written and directed by Norman Foster. The film stars J. Edward Bromberg, Betty Furness, John Payne, Victor Kilian, Bill Burrud and Gavin Muir. The film was released on March 5, 1937, by 20th Century Fox.

## Plot

In California's Death Valley a chemistry whiz-kid helps a sheriff track the man who murdered a wealthy mine owner who had been staying at a fancy winter resort.

## Cast

* J. Edward Bromberg as Matthew Jericho
* Betty Furness as Kay Farnham
* John Payne as Jim Preston
* Victor Kilian as Sam
* Bill Burrud as Malcolm Berkhardt
* Gavin Muir as Herbert Willett
* Gloria Roy as Grace Hamilton
* Andrew Tombes as J.C. Farnham
* Ivan Lebedeff as Count Andre Lukacha
* John Eldredge as Dr. Galt
* Julius Tannen as Mr. Taylor
* Paul McVey as Mr. Berkhardt
* Lelah Tyler as Mrs. Berkhardt
* Lydia Knott as Miss Willoughby
# Dance with The Shadows

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Dance with The Shadows is a 1964 rock album by British instrumental (and sometimes vocal) group The Shadows. It was their third album. It reached number 2 in the album charts. The album was also released as a double-album with The Sound of The Shadows by MFP in the 1980s.

## Personnel

* Hank Marvin – Lead Guitar, piano and vocals
* Bruce Welch – Rhythm guitar and vocals
* John Rostill – Bass guitar
* Brian Locking – Bass guitar on "Blue Shadows", "Dakota" and "French Dressing"
* Brian Bennett – Drums and percussion
* Norrie Paramor – Producer
* Malcolm Addey – Engineer

## Charts

| Chart (1964) | Peak position |
| UK Albums Chart | 2 |
# Joël van Noort

Joël van Noort is a Dutch speedcuber (solving the Rubik's Cube as fast as possible). Joël is one of the top cubers and has won many tournaments. His most memorable win was at the European Championship in 2006 in Paris. Further tournaments victories were: Dutch Nationals 2005, German Open 2006, Belgian Open 2006, Dutch Open 2006, German Open 2007 and Dutch Open 2007. Joël finished 6th at the 2007 World Championship in Budapest. He has held several Dutch and European Records.
# Shop Clubs Act 1902

The Shop Clubs Act 1902 (2 Edw. 7. c. 21) was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, given the royal assent on 8 August 1902, and repealed in .
It was made illegal for an employer to require a worker to resign his membership in a friendly society as a condition of employment, or to prohibit him from joining a friendly society other than the workplace shop club or thrift fund.
The Act did allow for compulsory membership of a shop club or thrift fund, provided it was registered under the Friendly Societies Act 1896 and certified under this Act. The certification was conditional on the Registrar of Friendly Societies determining that it offered significant benefits to the employee, that it took contributions at the cost of the employer as well as its members, and that it was of a permanent character. The registrar was also to consult with the workforce, and no such society was to be established unless at least three-quarters of the employees desired it. A schedule provided guidelines for the regulations of any certified societies.
No member was to be forced to resign his membership on account of having left employment; he was to be given the option of remaining a member or having an appropriate share of the funds returned to him.
The Act came into force on 1 January 1903 and was repealed by the Wages Act 1986.
# Charles Whitmore

Charles Whitmore may refer to:
* Charles Widmore, a fictional character on the American TV series Lost
* Charles Algernon Whitmore (1851–1908), British barrister and politician
# Fubuki Koshiji

Fubuki Koshiji (越路 吹雪, 18 February 1924 – 7 November 1980), real name Mihoko Kouno (内藤 美保子), was a Japanese singer and actress.
She joined the Takarazuka Revue in 1939. Though she was recognized as a star at Takarazuka, she left in 1951. When she chose to leave the troupe, Koshiji's friend, Tokiko Iwatani, also quit to manage Koshiji's budding career in film, made possible by the liberalization that took place during and after the occupation of Japan. Throughout the 1950s, Koshiji appeared in productions that merged the arts of shinpa, shingeki, and kabuki.
Known as the "Queen of Chanson" (シャンソンの女王, Shanson no Joō), Koshiji was influenced by French singer Édith Piaf. She released Japanese-language covers of Piaf's "Hymne à l'amour" in 1951, "Tombe la neige" by Salvatore Adamo, and "C'est si bon".
Koshiji was married to composer Tsunemi Naitō [ja]. She died in Tokyo of stomach cancer at the age of 56. Koshiji's final words, addressed to her husband, were "Tsunemi-san, black coffee and milk."
She is the subject of "Koshiji Fubuki Monogatari", a television production of TV Asahi in Japan with Takimoto Miori playing the role of Fubuki Koshiji.

## Selected filmography

* A Night Without Stars (1951)
* Wedding March (1951)
* Ah, Tears of Youth (1952)
* The Woman Who Touched Legs (1952)
* Gozen Reiji (1953)
* The Lover (1953)
* Mr. Pu (1953)
* With All My Heart (1953)
* Jirocho's New Year (1954)
* Last of the Wild One (1954)
* Love Express (1954)
* A Man Among Men (1955)
* That Crazy Adventure (1965)
# Perlaza

Perlaza is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Baldomero Perlaza (born 1992), Colombian professional footballer
* Carlos Perlaza (born 1983), Colombian footballer
* Flavio Perlaza (born 1952), Ecuadorian footballer
* Jhon Perlaza (born 1994), Colombian sprinter
* Jonathan Perlaza (born 1997), Ecuadorian footballer
* Jorge Perlaza (born 1985), Colombian footballer
* José Luis Perlaza (born 1981), Ecuadoran former footballer
* Pedro Perlaza (born 1991), Ecuadorian footballer
* Santiago Martinez Perlaza (born 1998), Colombian footballer
# Pop Robson

Bryan Stanley Robson, better known as Pop Robson (born 11 November 1945) is an English former footballer who played as a centre-forward. He played for Newcastle United, West Ham United, Sunderland, Chelsea and Carlisle United, and scored 265 goals in 674 league games. He also earned one cap for England under-23s.

## Playing career
### Early career

Born in Sunderland, County Durham, Robson played for Clara Vale in his youth. His first senior club was Newcastle United, and whilst there he won the Second Division title in 1964–65 and the 1969 Fairs Cup, forming a productive partnership with Welshman Wyn Davies.

### West Ham United and Sunderland

In February 1971 he became West Ham United's record purchase when he signed for £120,000. He scored on his debut against Nottingham Forest on 24 February 1971. He was West Ham's leading scorer in two of his three seasons at Upton Park.
He made a return to the North-East to join Sunderland in July 1974 for £145,000.
He rejoined West Ham in October 1976. During his two spells at West Ham, he made 254 appearances, scoring 104 goals. He returned to Roker Park in June 1979 for £45,000, and was to eventually play for Sunderland in three separate stints, his goals twice helping them to promotion, as Football League Second Division champions 1976 and runners-up in 1980.

### Carlisle and Chelsea

Robson was employed as a player/coach by Carlisle United and Chelsea, and at Sunderland during his third spell there. He even stepped in as caretaker manager for one game during the 1983–84 season before the arrival of Len Ashurst. In 1982 Carlisle managed promotion back to the Second Division with a young Peter Beardsley alongside Robson in attack.

### Third spells at Sunderland and Carlisle United

Robson is remembered by the Sunderland fans for the rescue act on the last day of the 1983–84 season at Leicester City. Recalled to lead the front line at the age of 38 years and 182 days, he scored his last goal for Sunderland in a 2–0 win that saved the team from relegation. In his three stays at the club he amassed 174 appearances (10 from the bench) and 67 goals. He also managed the club as caretaker for a single game in 1984 following the sacking of Alan Durban.
He finished his Football League career with a third spell at Carlisle, and in total he made 674 Football League appearances and scored 265 goals. Robson briefly played for non-league Gateshead after leaving Carlisle, scoring one goal during his stint at the club in 1985–86.

## Personal life

Robson is married to the former England international table tennis player Maureen Heppell.

## Coaching career

After finishing playing with Carlisle he coached at Hartlepool United, Manchester United, Leeds United and finally Sunderland until May 2004. In July 2011, Robson joined his former club Sunderland as the new chief scout. In April 2013, Ellis Short, Sunderland's chairman and owner, sacked Robson along with his entire scouting network.
# Fair Warning

Fair Warning may refer to:

## Music

* "Fair Warning", a 1975 song by Todd Rundgren from Initiation
* Fair Warning (Van Halen album), a 1981 album by Van Halen
* Fair Warning (band), a German hard rock band founded in 1991
* Fair Warning (Fair Warning album), a 1992 album by Fair Warning
* Fair Warning, a 2014 album by The Rails

## Other media

* Fair Warning (1931 film), a 1931 American film starring George O'Brien
* Fair Warning (1937 film), a 1937 American mystery film
* "Fair Warning" (The Twilight Zone), an episode of the 2002 revival of The Twilight Zone
* Fair Warning, a 2002 novel by Robert Olen Butler, or the 2001 short story expanded for the novel
* Fair Warning, a 2020 novel by Michael Connelly
# Tadigadapa

Tadigadapa is a major industrial, commercial, educational and residential hub located in eastern part of Vijayawada. On 31 December 2020, the Government of Andhra Pradesh formed a first grade municipality by merging Yenamalakuduru, Kanuru, Tadigadapa and Poranki villages. Tadigadapa Municipality is a part of Vijayawada Urban Agglomeration, Vijayawada Metropolitan area and Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

## Education

Primary and secondary school education is provided by the local government. Aided and private schools also function under the School Education Department of State. Instruction in schools is in English and/or Telugu.
# Vernia

Vernia may refer to:
* Vernia (album), an album by American rapper Erick Sermon
* Vernia (butterfly), a genus of skipper butterflies in the tribe Hesperiini
* La Vernia, Texas
# Channel 37 virtual TV stations in the United States

The following television stations operate on virtual channel 37 in the United States:
* WIMN-CD in Arecibo, Puerto Rico
* WNWT-LD in New York City
* KSLM-LD in Salem, Oregon
# Shop It To Me

Shop It To Me is a member-only personal shopping website for discounted clothing, shoes and accessories. Members must indicate clothing brand preferences and size preferences to see discounted items. The website aggregates discounted items from online retailer websites based on the member's brand and size preferences and sends the items in an email newsletter each morning called Salemail. Clicking an item in Salemail links directly to one of Shop It To Me's retail partners where the item can be purchased.

## History

Shop It To Me was founded by Charlie Graham while he was a student at Harvard Business School in 2004. In 2007 the company raised an undisclosed amount of angel funding. Shop It To Me has 20 employees and over 4 million members.
In 2012, Shop It To Me launched a personalization engine on its website called Threads. Threads allows Shop It To Me members to indicate clothing trends, styles and price preferences and populates the results in a personalized feed.
In November 2013, Shop It To Me launched an iOS app for iPhone and iPad allowing its members to browse discounted items from a mobile device.
# Siri Røine

Siri Røine (born 1957) is a Norwegian civil servant.
She was born in Oslo, and took education as a dental hygienist and jurist. She has worked as assisting head negotiator in the trade union, Norwegian Nurses' Union. Later, she worked in the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities and the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise. In 2008 she was named as the new Government Director of Personnel. As such she is also a member of the National Wages Board.
She resides in Son.