OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edgardo Lami Starnuti

Edgardo Lami Starnuti (3 March 1887 – 4 May 1968) was an Italian lawyer and politician. He was a member of Italian Senate for the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI). He also served as the minister of state holdings and minister of industry and commerce.

## Biography

Starnuti was born in Pontedera near Pisa on 3 March 1887. He was a lawyer by profession. During the Fascist rule in Italy he edited a weekly socialist publication, La Battaglia Socialista. He was arrested due to his opposition and detained on Lipari island for two years. He continued his anti-fascist activities after his release. Then he took refuge in Switzerland and could return to Italy in 1945.
He was elected to the Italian Senate on the PSDI list and served there for four terms. He was part of the Forti Commission which dealt with the reorganization of the Italian State in the first legislature. From 2 July 1958 to 16 February 1959 Starnuti served as the minister of state holdings in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani. Then he was appointed minister of industry and commerce to the second cabinet of Aldo Moro on 5 March 1965 and held the post until 23 February 1966.
Starnuti was also president of the Milan electricity company and provincial councilor in Milan. He died on 4 May 1968.
# Edinburgh City F.C. (1928)

Edinburgh City Football Club was an amateur Scottish football club which played in the Scottish Football League in the 1930s and 1940s, but went out of business in the 1950s. A new club adopted the Edinburgh City name in 1986.

## History

Edinburgh City were founded in 1928 and joined the Scottish Football League as an amateur club in 1931. The club won election to the league, where they replaced Clydebank, ahead of Nithsdale Wanderers by 25 votes to 7.
The club was very unsuccessful in the league, as on average they won fewer than one game in six. This record led to the club finishing bottom of the league table in six of the eight seasons between 1931 and 1939. It also conceded more than 110 goals in seven of those seasons. They achieved a famous Scottish Cup upset victory when they defeated Hibernian 3–2 at Easter Road in the first round of the 1937–38 competition. Hibernian's Arthur Milne missed a penalty kick with five minutes left to play. In the next round, Edinburgh City lost 9–2 at Raith Rovers on 9 February 1938.
The club played in the Lothian Amateur League during the Second World War and were only admitted to the C Division in 1946. After three more years of struggle, the club left the Scottish Football League in 1949. It switched to junior status and played in the Edinburgh & District Junior League. The club stopped playing football in 1955. The city council had not renewed the lease on its home ground, City Park.
A new club called Postal United was founded in 1966. The Edinburgh City Football Club Ltd., which had continued trading as a social club since the football club stopped playing, approved an application from Postal United in 1986 to adopt the Edinburgh City name. The new Edinburgh City gained promotion to the Scottish Professional Football League in 2016.

## Stadium

When the club was formed in 1928, they played at the Marine Gardens. When they first joined the Scottish Football League in 1931, it played its home matches at Powderhall Stadium. The pitch was only just wider than the minimum width of 50 yards due to the presence of a sprint track. Edinburgh City also played at City Park during the club's time in the SFL.

## Colours

The club colours were white and black.
# Edith Klestil

Edith Klestil (née Wielander; 13 November 1932 – 29 March 2011) was an Austrian political figure, former First Lady of Austria, and the first wife of Thomas Klestil, the tenth President of Austria.
Edith Klestil was born in Vienna, the only child of a post office worker, Leopold Wielander, and his wife, Rosa. On 8 June 1957 she married Thomas Klestil, whom she met when they were both 17. She gave up her job in order to support her husband's career as a diplomat and accompanied him to Paris and Los Angeles. When her husband was elected federal president in 1992, she became Austria's first lady. Two years later, Thomas made public that he had a love affair with the much younger diplomat Margot Löffler. Edith left her husband in February 1994, and they were divorced in September 1998; Thomas married Löffler three months later.
When Thomas died in office on 6 July 2004, Klestil and their children attended the funeral service held in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
It was announced on 4 April 2011 that Klestil had died of cancer, a few days earlier, in Vienna.
# Personoid

Personoid is the concept coined by Stanisław Lem, a Polish science-fiction writer, in Non Serviam, from his book A Perfect Vacuum (1971). His personoids are an abstraction of functions of human mind and they live in computers; they do not need any human-like physical body.
In cognitive and software modeling, personoid is a research approach to the development of intelligent autonomous agents. In frame of the IPK (Information, Preferences, Knowledge) architecture, it is a framework of abstract intelligent agent with a cognitive and structural intelligence. It can be seen as an essence of high intelligent entities.
From the philosophical and systemics perspectives, personoid societies can also be seen as the carriers of a culture. According to N. Gessler, the personoids study can be a base for the research on artificial culture and culture evolution.

## Personoids on TV and cinema

* Welt am Draht (1973)
* The Thirteenth Floor (1999)
# Parvo (camera)

The Parvo was a 35mm motion picture camera developed in France by André Debrie. The patent was registered in 1908 by his father, Joseph Dules Debrie. The camera was relatively compact for its time. It was hand-cranked, as were its predecessors. To aid the camera operator in cranking at the correct speed, the camera had a built in tachometer.
The Parvo held up to 120 metres (390 ft) of film inside without the need for an external film magazine, yielding almost 6 minutes of film when cranked at the standard 16 frames per second silent film rate. It allowed the camera operator to focus the camera lens but – as all other cine cameras of its era – had a side optical viewfinder to be used during actual filming.
The Parvo was immensely popular in Europe during the silent film era, straight through the 1920s. Directors who relied on the camera included Dziga Vertov, Abel Gance, Leni Riefenstahl, and Sergei Eisenstein. The latter's cinematographer, Eduard Tisse, would use the camera into the sound era, i.e. filming the duelling sequence in Alexander Nevsky. Vertov animated a Debrie Parvo as mechanical protagonist and used it to make several hand-held sequences in his 1929 documentary, Man with a Movie Camera.
# Pleurobelus

Pleurobelus is a genus of belemnite, an extinct group of cephalopods.
# Stenoma chromatopa

Stenoma chromatopa is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found in Brazil.
# Modern Synthesis

Modern Synthesis is the second studio album by English rock band Area 11. It was released on 1 July 2016 and has an 11-song track list similar to their previous album All The Lights In The Sky. The album was written and partially recorded in Italy from between in the Spring of 2016 and then recorded in England throughout the rest of the year of 2015 into early 2016 between the band's tours.
The writing process for this album was more collaborative than the band's other records, with Jonathan Kogan and Sparkles* sharing much of the work, and with band members Alex Parvis and Leo Taylor contributing. This album is the band's first to be partly distributed by a non-indie label: Cooking Vinyl.

## Track list

Note: As a hidden track, the previously released single, "Override [B]" is placed in the pregap of the first track Override [C]. This track is exclusive to the CD release of the album.

## Personnel
### Area 11

* Sparkles* – vocals; guitar; piano; synthesizer
* Alex Parvis – guitar; guitar; vocals
* Jonathan Kogan – bass guitar; vocals; guitar
* Leo Taylor – percussion; guitar; vocals

### Additional musicians

* Connie McGuinness Griffiths – vocals on "Panacea and the Prelogue"
* Megan Paschke – vocals on "Panacea and the Prelogue"
* Owen Piper – vocals on "Panacea and the Prelogue"

### Production

* Sparkles* and Leo Taylor – engineering
* Phil Davies – additional engineering
* Sparkles* and Phil Davies – mixing
* Tom Woodhead – mastering

### Design

* Daniel Houlb and Adam Davis – artwork
* Sparkles* – sleeve and booklet design; photography

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 27 |
# Carbondale Township

Carbondale Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Carbondale Township, Jackson County, Illinois
* Carbondale Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
# Mughroin mac Sochlachan

Mughroin mac Sochlachan (died 904) was 30th King of Uí Maine.
Mughroin mac Sochlachan is the first recorded king of Ui Maine since 844. He was the son of Sochlachan mac Diarmata and his brother's pedigree Murchadh mac Sochlachan (died 936) - written as Murchatan (from the diminutive Murchadhain) - is recorded in Leabhar Ua Maine as:
   Murchatan, son of Sochlachan, son of Diarmait, son of Fergus, son of Murchadh, son of Dubh-da-Thuath, son of Daimin, son of Darnhdairi, son of Ailell, son of Coirbin, son of Aedh, son of Crimthann Cael, son of Lughaidh, son of Dallan, son of Breasal, son of Maine Mor.
A heading indicates that his sept were called the Clann Cremthainn. As his is the terminal name in the list, it may be that the Clann Cremthainn provided no more kings.
| Preceded byCathal mac Murchadh | King of Uí Maine ?–904 | Succeeded bySochlachan mac Diarmata |
# Cape Bickerton

Cape Bickerton (66°20′S 136°56′E﻿ / ﻿66.333°S 136.933°E﻿ / -66.333; 136.933) is an ice-covered point 5 nautical miles (9 km) east-northeast of Gravenoire Rock which marks the north extremity of the coastal area close east of Victor Bay. Charted by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911–1914, and named by him for F. H. Bickerton, engineer of the expedition and leader of the Western Party which sighted the cape from its farthest west camp.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Cape Bickerton". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Adélie Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Taynuilt Shinty Club

Taynuilt Shinty Club is a shinty team based in Taynuilt, Scotland. The club has existed in several different forms most recently in junior form but has reformed and won South Division Two in 2009.

## History

Taynuilt has a history of abeyance although the sport has strong historical roots in the area. There was side in the village originally called Ben Cruachan founded in 1905. The first known Taynuilt side competed in the Sutherland Cup in 1935. A Taynuilt side was also active in the 1970s and 1980s but went into abeyance at senior level in 1990.
The club was linked at junior level with Glenorchy Camanachd in recent years but decided to go out on its own.
The village shinty pitch has been used several times as a completely neutral venue for semi-finals and finals.
Gary Innes appeared in a Taynuilt top at Runrig’s Beat the Drum concert in 2007 wearing a Taynuilt strip as on the cover of the album Everything You See, Innes’ Fort William strip was altered to Taynuilt colours to match the colour scheme of the album artwork and because the photographer, Stewart MacKenzie played shinty for an incarnation of Taynuilt.
Taynuilt had a strong comeback season, including a 4–0 defeat of Bute Shinty Club. In 2009, the recently retired Fraser Inglis, formerly of Oban Camanachd and Kingussie became a coach. Taynuilt marked a successful return to senior shinty by winning South Division Two in 2009 with a flawless record.
Their expansion since rejoining the league gathered apace as they created a second team to enter the Bullough and Sutherland cups in 2010. 2010 also saw Taynuilt's first ever match in the Camanachd Cup, a 5–0 loss to Kilmallie on 24 April. They reached the second round of the Camanachd Cup in 2011, defeating Inverness then facing Kingussie, where they exited 8–1, although they opened the scoring.
Taynuilt even has foreign connections as they have a player from Africa, Iain Macdonald, but the club will have to develop further without Fraser Inglis as coaching guru as he stepped down for the 2012 season which will see Taynuilt compete in the MacAulay Cup for the first time.
The club made history in 2012 by reaching the final of the Glasgow Celtic Society Cup for the first time. Taynuilt took advantage of the strongest teams in the tournament being in the other side of the draw to advance to the final at Strachur. Oban Celtic were defeated 3–2 in the quarter-final before Taynuilt saw off Aberdour 4–1 in the semi-final. Unfortunately the team was to make further history in the final as they were thrashed by a record 14–0 scoreline by Inveraray.
In 2022, Taynuilt combined with Glenorchy at senior level to field a team as Cruachanside.
# Carex fuscolutea

Carex fuscolutea is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of northern Mexico.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Johann Otto Boeckeler in 1886 as a part of the work Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie.
# Mul, India

Mul is a town and a municipal council in Chandrapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Pincode of Mul is 441224.

## Geography

Mul is located at 20°05′N 79°40′E﻿ / ﻿20.09°N 79.67°E﻿ / 20.09; 79.67. It has an average elevation of 198 metres (649 feet).
Places to visit: Somnath is just 9 km away from Mul, well connected via road. Somnath is a well-known tourist place around Chandrapur district. Amtepharm is located in Somnath, which is run by Baba Amthe for leprotic patients.
There is also a ritual place known as markandadeo at about 25 km from mul. There is lord shiva Temple is situated in village at the bank of the Wainganga river, which flows generally from North to South but at Markanda it takes Northward turn for 20 km before again going Southward. It is believed that this uttar vahini (Northward flow) of wainganga river makes this place more sacred to worship lord shiva. A great yatra is heals here on occasion of mahashivratri and thousand of devotees gathers together to worship lord shiva.
Mul is mainly known for rice production, having 53 rice mills covering 90% of rice production in whole Chandrapur district, Maharastra. Rice is supplied throughout Maharashtra involving big cities like Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Amravati, and Nashik.
The educational facility in Mul was very poor. It found surprising that there is no well-known B.Sc., M.Sc. college for higher studies. But fortunately, Karmaveer college is offering Bachelore in science since 3 to 4 years. Also, many CBSE schools are offering quality education.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Mul had a population of 22,256. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Mul has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 60%. In Mul, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mul has very big area for MIDC; need to think about development of this area. Power plants are being constructed at MIDC area, near Maregaon. Those who are staying in Mul have struggled for higher studies; there are no colleges for B.Sc., Engineering.
| Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) |
| Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change | Hindu | Muslim | Christian | Sikhs | Buddhist | Jain | Other religions and persuasions | Religion not stated |
| 2001 | 11366 | 10964 | 22330 | - | 80.296 | 3.963 | 0.282 | 0.461 | 14.393 | 0.197 | 0.287 | 0.121 |
| 2011 | 12764 | 12685 | 25449 | 0.140 | 78.463 | 4.232 | 0.318 | 0.546 | 15.545 | 0.090 | 0.758 | 0.047 |

## Transport

Mul is connected to the district place Chandrapur by road. The MSRTC buses regularly ply to Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Nagbhid, Nagpur, Saoli, Sindewahi. Mul is very well connected via train. Daily DMO runs between Chandrapur and Wadsa via Mul. Now people can enjoy long journey from Mul which connected to Bilaspur and Bangalore via weekly trains.
# Taşköprü, Mustafakemalpaşa

Taşköprü is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mustafakemalpaşa, Bursa Province in Turkey. Its population is 87 (2022).
# Mubarak Al-Kabeer

Mubarak Al-Kabeer may refer to:
* Mubarak Al-Kabeer Al-Sabah, former ruler of Kuwait
* Mubarak Al-Kabeer Governorate, a governorate of Kuwait named after him
* Mubarak Al-Kabeer City, a city in Mubarak Al-Kabeer Governorate
* Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital
# Capital punishment in Kenya

This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" &#x2D; please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it!
Capital punishment has been a legal penalty in Kenya since before its independence, and continues to be so under Kenyan law. No executions have been carried out in Kenya since 1987, when Hezekiah Ochuka and Pancras Oteyo Okumu, leaders of the 1982 coup d'état attempt, were hanged for treason.
Presidents have on occasion commuted all death sentences to life imprisonment, and thereby releasing all inmates from death row, most recently in 2016. There is no current policy to abolish the death penalty.
Despite the lack of executions, death sentences are still passed in Kenya. In July 2013, Ali Babitu Kololo was sentenced to death for his role in the murder and kidnapping of two British tourists, and in 2014 a nurse received a death sentence after being convicted of carrying out an abortion on a woman who subsequently died although her sentence was eventually reversed by the court of appeal in Kenya

## History

Capital punishment was introduced in Kenya in 1893 by the British colonial government; the practice was infrequent in pre-colonial communities, which placed a value on restorative justice. In general, most African communities did not use death sentences as part of administering justice except for offenders who had repeatedly "made themselves dangerous beyond the limits of endurance of their fellows". The penal code as created by the British stipulated a mandatory death penalty for murder, treason and armed robbery. Numerous executions, documented as 1,090 in number, were carried out by the colonial government during the Mau Mau rebellion.
After the 1982 coup d'état attempt, Hezekiah Ochuka, Pancras Oteyo Okumu and two other masterminds of the coup were convicted of treason, sentenced to death and subsequently hanged in July 1987. They were the last people executed in Kenya to date.
In 2010, the Court of Appeal repealed the mandatory death sentence for murder in Mutiso v. Republic, the third national court in common-law Africa to do so.
In 2016, President Uhuru Kenyatta commuted the death sentences of 2,747 inmates on death row to life imprisonment. President Mwai Kibaki had implemented a similar action in 2009. All of the 4,000 death row inmates who were awaiting execution had their sentences vacated and commuted to life imprisonment. The intention was to compel the prisoners involved to partake in physical labour, from which death row prisoners are exempt.
In 2017 the Supreme Court abolished the mandatory death penalty, declaring it unconstitutional.
A widely circulated report in 2018-19 implied that the government had announced its intent to reintroduce the death penalty for wildlife poaching. However, the report was not adopted and no such plans are in consideration.
# David H. S. Richardson

David Horsfall Stuart Richardson is a British and Canadian lichenologist noted for his studies on the effects of air pollution upon lichens. Richardson was awarded a doctorate from the University of Oxford for his thesis entitled Studies in the biology and physiology of lichens with special reference to Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. Richardson was a professor at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland before transferring to Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Until July 2006, he served as Dean of Science at St. Mary's University for numerous years.
Richardson usually teaches a week-long seminar on lichen identification each summer at the Humboldt Field Research Institute at Eagle Hill along the coast of Maine.

## Honours

* Recipient of the George Lawson Medal from the Canadian Botanical Association in 2000.
* Recipient of the Paragon Award in 2003 from the Halifax Ambassador Club. Award and Brief Biography
* Lichen, Skyttea richardsonii named by Teresa Iturriaga and David L. Hawksworth to honor David Richardson.
On line publication Iturriaga, Teresa and David L. Hawksworth. 2004. Skyttea richardsonii sp. nov. from Maine, with a key to the species known from North America. Mycologia 96 (4):925-928.
# Cappeller Fauna Park

Cappeller Fauna Park is a zoo and amusement park in Cartigliano, Veneto, northern Italy. Opened in 1998, it extends over an area of 4 hectares.

## Gallery

* Mantled guereza
# David H. Shepard

David Hammond Shepard (September 30, 1923 – November 24, 2007) was an American inventor, who invented among other things, the first optical character recognition device, first voice recognition system and the Farrington B numeric font used on credit cards.

## Life

Shepard was born September 30, 1923, in Milwaukee. His father died when he was 2 and his mother when he was 10. His guardian was Laurens Hammond who invented the Hammond organ. He graduated in electrical engineering from Cornell in 1945 and then University of Michigan with a master's degree in mathematics in 1947. He worked during World War II for the Armed Forces Security Agency (now National Security Agency) on cryptanalysis, breaking Japanese codes. His nickname was "D-Shep" and "Party Shep" After the war he built an optical character recognition device (reading machine) in his attic with Harvey Cook Jr. called "Gismo". In 1952 he formed Intelligent Machines Research Corporation to commercialize the invention with William Lawless Jr. in Arlington, Virginia.
IBM licensed the machine, but never put it into production. Shepard designed the Farrington B numeric font now used on most credit cards. Recognition was more reliable on a simple and open font, to avoid the effects of smearing at gasoline station pumps. Reading credit cards was the first major industry use of OCR, although today the information is read magnetically from the back of the cards.
In 1962 Shepard founded Cognitronics Corporation. In 1964 his patented "Conversation Machine" was the first to provide telephone Interactive voice response access to computer stored data using speech recognition. The first words recognized were "yes" and "no".
Since the 1980s he worked on high altitude wind power, harnessing winds at high altitudes to generate power. He founded Sky WindPower Corporation with Australian Bryan William Roberts of the University of Sydney. Shepard died in San Diego of bronchiectasis on November 24, 2007, at the age of 84.

## Patents

* Low output impedance feedback power amplifier
* Time interval marking apparatus
* US Patent 4572962 Apparatus for extracting energy from winds at high altitudes by David H. Shepard, filed April 28, 1982.
* US Patent 4659940 Power generation from high altitude winds by David H. Shepard, filed Oct 11, 1985.
* US Patent 7109598 Precisely controlled flying electric generators III by Bryan William Roberts and David Hammond Shepard, filed Oct 18, 2004.
* US Patent 7183663 Precisely controlled flying electric generators by Bryan William Roberts and David Hammond Shepard, filed Aug 17, 2004.