OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Patricia Burrowes

Patricia A. Burrowes Gomez (born 1961) is an American herpetologist. She is a professor of biology at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus where she serves as principal investigator of the Amphibian Disease Ecology Lab. Burrowes specializes in amphibian population dynamics.

## Early life and education

Burrowes was born in 1961. In 1986, during her graduate studies, Burrowes and her doctoral advisor William E. Duellman collected specimens in Colombia and co-wrote A new species of marsupial frog (Hylidae: Gastrotheca) from the Andes of Southern Colombia. She completed a M.A. in systematics and ecology in 1987 at University of Kansas. Her graduate thesis was titled An ecological study of a cloud forest herpetofauna in southern Columbia. Burrowes earned a Ph.D. in ecology and systematics in 1997 at University of Kansas. Her 1997 dissertation was titled The reproductive biology and population genetics of the cave-dwelling Puerto Rican frog, Eleutherodactylus cooki.

## Career and research

In 2003, Burrowes began working with amphibians in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. She was a professor in the biology department at University of Puerto Rico at Cayey and is currently a professor of biology at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus where she serves as principal investigator of the Amphibian Disease Ecology Lab. Burrowes specializes in amphibian population dynamics. In April 2019, Burrows and a team of student researchers published a study in Science about a mycosis causing a dramatic population decrease in at least 501 species of amphibians.
# Bembridge Windmill

Knowle Mill, better known today as Bembridge Windmill, is a Grade I listed, preserved tower mill at Bembridge, Isle of Wight, England.

## History

Bembridge Mill was built c. 1700. It was painted by Turner in 1795. The mill was working by wind until 1913, having only been used for grinding animal feed after 1897. The mill was restored in 1935 and again in 1959, the latter restoration being funded by public subscription. In 1962 the mill was taken over by the National Trust. It has been restored and is open to the public. New sails were fitted to the mill in March 2021.

## Description

Bembridge Mill is a four-storey tower mill with a boat-shaped cap, which is winded by chain and wheel. It has four Common sails. The two pairs of millstones are driven underdrift.

## Public access

Bembridge Windmill is open to the public between March and November, from 10:30 am to 5:00 pm daily. For more information please visit the National trust website.
# BioPAX

BioPAX (Biological Pathway Exchange) is a RDF/OWL-based standard language to represent biological pathways at the molecular and cellular level. Its major use is to facilitate the exchange of pathway data. Pathway data captures our understanding of biological processes, but its rapid growth necessitates development of databases and computational tools to aid interpretation. However, the current fragmentation of pathway information across many databases with incompatible formats presents barriers to its effective use. BioPAX solves this problem by making pathway data substantially easier to collect, index, interpret and share. BioPAX can represent metabolic and signaling pathways, molecular and genetic interactions and gene regulation networks. BioPAX was created through a community process. Through BioPAX, millions of interactions organized into thousands of pathways across many organisms, from a growing number of sources, are available. Thus, large amounts of pathway data are available in a computable form to support visualization, analysis and biological discovery.
It is supported by a variety of online databases (e.g. Reactome) and tools. The latest released version is BioPAX Level 3. There is also an effort to create a version of BioPAX as part of OBO.

## Governance and development

The next version of BioPAX, Level 4, is being developed by a community of researchers. Development is coordinated by the board of editors and facilitated by various BioPAX work groups.
Systems Biology Pathway Exchange (SBPAX) is an extension for Level 3 and proposal for Level 4 to add quantitative data and systems biology terms (such as Systems Biology Ontology). SBPAX export has been implemented by the pathway databases Signaling Gateway Molecule Pages, and the SABIO-Reaction Kinetics Database. SBPAX import has been implemented by the cellular modeling framework Virtual Cell.
Other proposals for Level 4 include improved support for Semantic Web, validation and visualization.

## Databases with BioPAX Export

Online databases offering BioPAX export include:
* Signaling Gateway Molecule Pages (SGMP)
* Reactome
* BioCyc
* INOH
* BioModels
* Nature/NCI Pathway Interaction Database
* Cancer Cell Map
* Pathway Commons
* Netpath - A curated resource of signal transduction pathways in humans
* ConsensusPathDB - A database integrating human functional interaction networks
* PANTHER (List of Pathways)
* WikiPathways
* PharmGKB/PharmGKB*

## Software

Software supporting BioPAX include:
* Paxtools, a Java API for handling BioPAX files
* Systems Biology Linker (Sybil), an application for visualizing BioPAX and converting BioPAX to SBML, as part of the Virtual Cell.
* ChiBE (Chisio BioPAX Editor), an application for visualizing and editing BioPAX.
* BioPAX Validator - syntax and semantic rules and best practices (project wiki)
* Cytoscape includes a BioPAX reader and other extensions, such as PathwayCommons plugin and CyPath2 app.
* BiNoM, a cytoscape plugin for network analysis, with functions to import and export BioPAX level 3 files.
* BioPAX-pattern, a Java API for defining and searching graph patterns in BioPAX files.
# Sefwi people

The Sefwi are an Akan people.
The Akan sub-group live predominantly in Western North Region of Ghana. The Akan sub-group speak the Akan dialect Sefwi language.
The term Sefwi, which refers to the language spoken and the Sefwi people mythically originated from the withering of the Twi phrase, "Asa awie" which translates "War is over", by immigrants from Bono-Techiman, Wenchi, Adanse, Denkyira, Assin, and Asante who settled on the territories of Aowin (modern-day Sefwi) escaping the 17th century wars.
Geographically located on the Western North Region, Sefwi is about 200 kilometers from the coast, and covers an area of 2,695 square miles crossed by the Tano and Bia rivers.
The Sefwi like other Akan tribes originated from the ancient world; Northern part of modern Africa. Through wars many families forced their ways out to live in their present domains. For example, Obumangama of Sefwi Wiawso was told to have established his domain at Ewiaso because of its strategical position. Evidence suggests that by the end of the 17th century, Aowin's ambition to expand economically and politically led to confrontations with a strong new forces that try to control the trade routes and gold sources around 1715. This made Aowins eventually lose much of their territory to the new forces. New immigrants were victorious in their wars. They settled with many of their captives such as Aowin. This reveals why their language is seemly influenced by their closed tribes such as Bono, Wassa, Ahanta, Asante. Many of the families of Sefwi also stayed at different places among other tribes such as Adanse, Denkyira, and Asante, Bono, Aowin, Nzima before they finally settled at their new environment. Through these different staying at different places many of the Sefwi trace their origins from the immediate past where their memory can recall. For example, many of the families that trace their root to Denkyira, also classify themselves as Agona Royals.
Sefwi, collectively is made up of three traditional states namely Anhwiaso, Bekwai, and Wiawso, all of which have a mutually independent paramount chief and share a common deity Sobore and a common yam festival called Alluolue or Elue.
With a total population of about 880,231 (2021), Sefwi has 7 Districts and 7 Constituencies, comprising Bia West, Bia East, Bibiani/Anhwiaso/Bekwai, Bodi, Juabuso, Sefwi Akontombra and Sefwi Wiawso.
Sefwi is endowed with natural resources such as gold, bauxite and timber. The fertile nature of the land, has served as bait for farmers from other regions mostly Northern, Krobo and Ashanti. With cocoa farming as the main occupation of the people, Sefwi produces about 2/3 of Ghana's cocoa. Sefwi Wiawso, Asanwinso, Bibiani, and Sefwi Bekwai are the largest townships within the Sefwi land.
# Chapel of Osmussaar

Chapel of Osmussaar (Jesu Kapell in Swedish, Jeesuse kabel in Estonian) is a chapel on the island of Osmussaar which is currently in ruins.
In 2014 the chapel along with the cemetery of Osmussaar was declared a national heritage site.
The first wooden chapel was built at the port of Osmussaar in the 16th century. As the island of Osmussaar rises 3 mm per year, the chapel now stands 1.5 km North of the port.
In 1766 the limestone chapel was completed.
In 1852 a figurehead of Martin Luther reading the Bible was installed on the chapel gate. The figure came from a wrecked British ship.
On the wall of the chapel there is a plate with the names of the seven families who were forced to leave the island in 1940 to make room for the Red Army.
The chapel was damaged during World War II and only the facade with the tower is still standing.
In 1994 the new belfry built by the previous inhabitants was consecrated.
Remains of the chapel were conserved in 2011.

## Gallery

* Ruins in 2003
* Ruins in 2015
* Chapel and Kappelkärre lake
* Memorial site to the families who lived in island
# Parvocaulis

Parvocaulis is a genus of green algae in the family Polyphysaceae.
# Rohit Sagar v. State of Uttarakhand

Rohit Sagar & Anr. versus State of Uttarakhand & Ors. (2021), a decision of the Uttarakhand High Court, established the right of legal adults to select their own partners and instructed the police to ensure the couple's safety and safeguard their property.

## Background

Rohit Sagar and his partner Mohit Goyal, who are in a same-sex relationship, reside together in Rudrapur, Uttarakhand. However, they have faced resistance to their relationship from their respective families. Due to ongoing threats of serious repercussions from their family members, the couple lodged a formal complaint with both the Senior Superintendent of Police of Udham Singh Nagar district and the Station House Officer of Police Station No. 2, Rudrapur. However, as there has been no proactive action taken by the police authorities to safeguard the couple's lives and property, they have initiated a writ petition in the Uttarakhand High Court to seek a protective order.

## Opinion of the Court

The Bench upheld that adults who have attained the age of majority hold an inherent right to choose their life partners, even when confronted with objections from their families, and thus, the families of the couple should not be allowed to intimidate or harm the petitioners. Consequently, the Bench instructed the Senior Superintendent of Police for District Udham Singh Nagar to promptly ensure police protection for both the petitioners, encompassing not only their lives but also the safeguarding of their property.
The verdict of the Bench noticeably lacks legal precedents, thorough analysis, and comprehensive reasoning to substantiate its conclusions.

## Related Cases
### High Court Cases
#### Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh

In the related case of Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2020), a same-sex couple residing together, approached the Allahabad High Court seeking protection against threat to their life and liberty by family members and the immediate society. A two-judge Bench of the Allahabad High Court, guided by the Supreme Court's precedent in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), noted that sexual orientation constitutes an inherent aspect of the constitutional rights to liberty, dignity, privacy, personal autonomy, and equality. In contrast to the case of Rohit Sagar v. State of Uttarakhand, the judgment in Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh explicitly references the constitutional right to privacy, providing added support for safeguarding against unwarranted intrusions, in addition to offering protection against physical threats and violations.
While ordering police protection for the couple, in contrast to the Rohit Sagar v. State of Uttarakhand case, the Bench in the Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh case drew upon the Supreme Court's precedent in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, acknowledging the tate's dual obligation pertaining to sexual orientation—preventing discrimination and actively safeguarding the rights of same-sex couples, thereby contributing to the formation of a consistent legal precedent concerning sexual orientation and rights.
# Rick Beckett

Richard Blaine Beckett (June 30, 1954 – February 26, 2009) was an American radio broadcaster.
Rick was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan and moved to Grand Rapids shortly thereafter. He began his radio career while still in high school at Union High School in Grand Rapids at WZZM-FM in 1970, where he worked part-time on weekends. His career started as a result of his involvement in a Junior Achievement program called HERO. Shortly after his graduation from high school in 1972, Rick was fired from WZZM. He moved on to WLAV and worked there until early 1973. He then received his first full-time job at WGTO-AM 540 (now WFLF (AM)) in Cypress Gardens, Florida. Beckett returned to WZZM-FM in 1976, which by this time became WZZR-FM (now WLHT). He worked evenings for the majority of his time there but eventually worked the afternoon drive.
Beckett was fired from WZZR in 1980 and moved on to do radio at WAAY-AM (now WLOR) in Huntsville, Alabama. He was fired from WAAY in mid-1984 and returned to Cypress Gardens to work at WZNG-AM (now WHNR). He was also fired from WZNG.
Beckett eventually returned to Grand Rapids and began a stint at WKLQ on their "Q Morning Zoo" program in 1987. Beckett and the other members of the "Q Zoo" (Darla Jaye and Scott Winters) left WKLQ on September 12, 1995. On September 25, 1995, the three signed on the air at WGRD. Jaye left WGRD in September 1997, but the show continued with Beckett and Winters as the main players. Beckett was fired from WGRD in August 2002, Winters was fired several weeks later. Beckett had health problems over the years, including being a recovered alcoholic, diabetes, and nerve damage in his legs due to diabetes.
In April 2003, Beckett and Winters joined the staff at WOOD (AM), where they started their talk radio career. "The Rick and Scott Show" was one of WOOD-AM's most popular programs and was a rating winner in their time slot. In 2007, they won the Michigan Association of Broadcasters award for Midday Show Broadcast Team of the Year.
On February 26, 2009, at 8:56 pm, Beckett called his girlfriend, Debra Lowe to report he was having a heart attack. She called 911 and first responders were dispatched to Beckett's house. Paramedics arrived and broke into his house to try and revive Beckett. He died a short time later at a Grand Rapids area hospital.
# Rodolfo Tan Cardoso

Rodolfo Tan Cardoso (25 December 1937 – 21 August 2013) was a Filipino chess player. He was awarded the International Master title by FIDE in 1957, making him the first Asian to achieve it.
Cardoso was born in Anda, Pangasinan. In 1956, he won Philippine Junior Championship. In 1957, he took fifth place in the fourth World Junior Championship in Toronto, which was won by William Lombardy with a perfect score of 11–0. In the same year, the Pepsi-Cola company sponsored an eight-game match in New York City between Cardoso, the 19-year-old Philippine junior champion, and Bobby Fischer, the 14-year-old U.S. junior champion. He was the only Filipino to beat Fischer. Fischer claimed the $325 victor's prize with a 6−2 score (+5 –1 =2).
In 1957/58, Cardoso won the zonal tournament in Baguio City, thus qualifying him for the 1958 Portorož Interzonal tournament, in which he finished 19th (Mikhail Tal won). In this tournament he scored an upset win over David Bronstein in the final round, thereby denying him a place in the 1959 Candidates' Tournament but also allowing Fischer a place in the candidates. He was Philippine Champion in 1958 and 1963. He took second place at Christchurch 1967 (New Zealand championship, won by Yuri Averbakh). In 1974, he tied for first through fourth place in Casablanca. In 1974, he took 14th in Manila (Evgeni Vasiukov won). In 1975, he tied for 13-14th in Orense. In 1975, he took 10th in Las Palmas (Ruy Lopez Memorial tournament, won by Ljubomir Ljubojević).
Cardoso played for Philippines in four Chess Olympiads.
* In 1956, at fourth board in the 12th Chess Olympiad in Moscow (+11 –2 =4);
* In 1958, at first board in the 13th Chess Olympiad in Munich (+10 –4 =5);
* In 1972, at second board in the 20th Chess Olympiad in Skopje (+10 –4 =3);
* In 1974, at second board in the 21st Chess Olympiad in Nice (+9 –6 =4).
He won the individual silver medal at Moscow 1956 with his winning percentage of 76.5.
Cardoso died of a heart attack in Quezon City at the Philippine Heart Center on 21 August 2013.
# Nike of Paros

The Nike of Paros is an early classical depiction of Nike from the 5th century BC (c. 480 BC). The white marble figure was found before 1885 on the island of Paros. It is currently on display at the Archaeological Museum of Paros.

## Description

The female figure, originally winged, was depicted floating in mid-air, in an unbelted peplos which hung open. The wings and this posture identify her as Nike.
The head, left arm, lower right arm, most of the wings and the feet are missing. Even so, it can be recognised that the left leg is slightly further forward, while the right leg seems to have been pulled back. This posture in connection with the forward lean of the figure as a whole is also a characteristic posture in later depictions of Nike like the Nike of Paionios. In the classical period this posture replaced the archaic "kneeling run" as the usual way of depicting Nike. The forward slope of the body's axis, which is created mainly by the straightness of the upper body and the strong incline of the lower body to the left, would have made the whole figure tilt slightly and would have shifted all weight off the left leg. The left arm must be reconstructed as having stretched upwards, when the figure was fixed in place. It is the resulting disregard for the rules of gravity which gave the Nike of Paros the appearance of floating. A transition takes place then in statuary from a sideways to a forward moving figure, as a result of the change in pose.
The original circumstances of this Nike's creation are not clearly known. Either she served as an acroterion or she must have been a victory monument. Although no Parian victory is known to have occurred around 470/60 BC, the fact that it is carved all the way round makes it more likely that it was a victory monument.
# Selöz, Bilecik

Selöz is a village in the Bilecik District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 101 (2021).
# Torvaj

Torvaj is a village in Somogy county, Hungary.
# Chapel of Our Lady of Chiquinquirá

The Chapel of Our Lady of Chiquinquirá is a temple of Catholic worship, dedicated to the Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Chiquinquirá. It is located in the eastern side of the main square of La Ceja, Colombia, and belongs to the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Diocese of Sonsón-Rionegro.
The chapel contains the remains of some prominent Colombian people, such as the poet Gregorio Gutiérrez González and his wife Julia de Isaza, former President Juan de Dios Aranzazu, the first president of Colombia from Antioquia, and political and business leader José María Bernal.
The building has a colonial style, with a singular rectangular nave. It houses a collection of paintings of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, among which include works by the Colombian master Gregorio Vasquez de Arce y Ceballos. For that reason, in 1968, Monsignor Alfonso Uribe Jaramillo, bishop of Sonsón-Rionegro, declared the church a "Temple Museum of Religious Art". On November 2, 1995, the national government also declared it a national monument of Colombia.

## History

In 1820, construction of the chapel began on land donated by María Josefa Marulanda. The project was financed by Bárbara Villegas, whose family was devoted to the Virgin Mary of Chiquinquirá. This chapel replaced one that was built in El Hato in the 18th century, which was dedicated to La Chinca and was demolished in 1792. Goods that belonged to the chapels of El Burro, El Hato and Chaparral were brought to this chapel for its endowment.
The bishops of Antioquia, Fray Mariano Garnica y Orjuela, during his first pastoral visit to La Ceja in 1829, ordered that all be moved to the parish church built by Father Mateo Cardona. As a result, the chapel was dismantled and abandoned.
In 1853, due to the expansion of the church of Our Lady of Carmen, worship returned to the chapel for five years.
# Paton's Country Narrow Gauge Railway

The Paton's Country Narrow Gauge Railway (PCNGR) is a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge heritage railway in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
In 2000, the PCNGR was reconstructed from Allwoodburn Siding at Ixopo to Umzimkhulu, along the former branch of the Umzinto–Donnybrook narrow-gauge railway, closed around 1985.
As the line was partially lifted after closure, the line was in need of a complete rebuild.
Gradually, a fleet of locomotives and rolling stock was acquired from various closed railways in Natal and elsewhere.
Currently steam and diesel heritage trains run from Ixopo (Allwoodburn Siding) to Carrisbrooke and the service is to be extended to Umzinkulu and then to a new terminus closer to the township of Madonela when practicable
Patons Narrow Gauge was also involved in operating the Banana Express, which ceased operations in 2006. Later in conjunction with Gorgez View Lodge a small diesel hauled train was operated as the Hamba Wehelie Express along the small part of the Banana Express route between Paddock and Plains stations.
Locomotives used at Ixopo: NG G11 No. 55, two Avonside sugar cane locomotives and two 4 Cylinder Diesel Hunslet shunters.
In 2015 two Class 91-000 diesel-electric locomotives, numbers 91-006 and 91-007, were received and put into service at Ixopo.
# Blaisdon

Blaisdon is a village and civil parish in the Forest of Dean of Gloucestershire, England, about ten miles west of Gloucester. Its population in 2005 was estimated by Gloucestershire County Council to be 249. An estimate in 2012 placed the population at 420. The local church is dedicated to St Michael.
John Dowding of Tanhouse Farm, Blaisdon developed the popular jam-making plum "Blaisdon Red" in the late 19th century.
The Blaisdon Stud Farm was the home of the world's largest shire horse, "Blaisdon Conqueror". His bones are in the British Museum.
Blaisdon Hall sits on a hill overlooking the village. It was built in 1874. It was used as a seminary and school by the Salesians of Don Bosco from 1935 to 1995. It was an agricultural college (Hartpury) from 1995 to 1999. It has since become a private residence.

## Railways

Blaisdon Halt was located on the section of line between Ross-on-Wye and Grange Court on the Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Railway.
It was opened on 1 June 1855 as a 7 ft (2,134 mm) broad gauge line, it was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway in 1862. In 1869 the railway was converted to 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge. The railway was closed to passengers on 2 November 1964, freight services between Ross-on-Wye railway station and Grange Court railway station continued on until 1 November 1965.
# Rick Benjamin

Rick Benjamin may refer to:
* Rick Benjamin (announcer) (born 1952), American motor racing announcer
* Rick Benjamin (conductor), American bandleader, director and founder of The Paragon Ragtime Orchestra
* Rick Benjamin (trombonist), trombonist and contributor to numerous Elephant 6 Recording Co. albums
* Rick Benjamin (writer), American poet from Rhode Island