OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colotis etrida

Colotis etrida, the little orange tip, is a species of butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is native to India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.

## Description

The ground colour on the upperside of the males is white, sparsely irrorated (speckled) at base of forewings and hindwings with black scales. The forewing has a small black spot on the discocellulars; apex broadly black, with an enclosed oval, curved, rich orange patch placed obliquely and traversed by the veins, which there are black; inner edge of black area diffuse. Hindwing is uniform, except for a preapical short diffuse black streak from the costa, sometimes absent, and a series of terminal black spots that in specimens from moist localities are very large. Underside is white with the cell and apex of forewing suffused with sulphur yellow, the orange patch of the upperside shows through by transparency, its inner edge margined anteriorly by a very obscure oblique fuscous band. Hindwing has the preapical short transverse black streak on the upperside obscurely indicated.
The female is very similar to the male but can be distinguished as follows: Upperside of the forewing has a narrower orange patch enclosed within the black apical area; a small black spot in middle of interspace 1 and another in interspace 3. Hindwing has the terminal spots slightly larger. On the underside the apex of forewing and whole surface of hindwing suffused lightly, or in specimens from very dry localities heavily, with ochraceous. Forewing has spots in interspaces 1 and 3 as on the upperside. Hindwing: a curved, almost complete, discal series of fuscous spots; otherwise as in the male.
In both sexes the antennae vary from white to pale brownish; head, thorax and abdomen black, the head and thorax with short greyish-brown hairs; beneath: the palpi, thorax and abdomen white.

## Range

It is found from the outer ranges of the Himalayas throughout peninsular India except Bengal.
Subspecies C. e. limbata is found in Sri Lanka. and it has the black apical area on the forewing darker, broader, occupying about a third of the wing; the orange patch enclosed within it is proportionately narrower, so that the black on its inner margin has the appearance of being broader proportionately than it is in the typical form. Very often this inner edge is bordered by a suffusion of sulphur yellow. Specimens from south Indian hills resemble this closely.

### Larva

The larva is narrow and uniformly green with a yellow, white, or pink-tinged line along each side.

### Pupa

The pupa is compressed with a long, upturned end. It is green when new, turning a brown-mottled grey.

## Biology

The food plants of this species include the toothbrush tree (Salvadora persica), pilu (Salvadora oleoides), and Indian cadaba (Cadaba indica).

## Subspecies

* Colotis etrida etrida (India)
* Colotis etrida limbata Butler, 1876 (Sri Lanka)

## Gallery

* Male underside
* Female upperside
# Colophon eastmani

Colophon eastmani is a species of beetle in family Lucanidae. It is endemic to South Africa.
# Nova Zembla (record label)

Nova Zembla is a Belgian electronic music record label, daughter of Kk Records. It has worked with artists such as Black Lung, Xingu Hill, Shaolin Wooden Men, Little Nobody and Zen Paradox, as well as with the former Melbourne label IF? Records, now based in Tokyo.
# Colorful Sensibility

Colorful Sensibility is the second studio album by South Korean band F.T. Island, released on 25 August 2008. The album sold 11,209 copies in one month.
# Colorblends

Colorblends is a wholesaler/distributor of flower bulbs based in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The company was founded in the Netherlands by the Schipper family in 1912. Colorblends serves landscape professionals and ambitious residential gardeners.

## Background

The company's website states that Schipper & Company started in the Netherlands in 1912. Cornelis Schipper moved the company to the United States after World War II. Cornelis Nicolaas Schipper was born into a tulip farming family and emigrated to the United States in 1947. When he arrived in the United States he borrowed $1000 and purchased a car. He drove from town to town receiving orders for flower bulbs. He serviced florists and wholesale growers.
Schipper & Company USA is still a privately owned business and Colorblends is part of the company. The company is located on the east side of Bridgeport, Connecticut at 747 Barnum Avenue and they feature a spring flower display garden attraction called the "Colorblends House and Spring Garden" which is located on 893 Clinton Ave on the west side of Bridgeport. The company operates under the trade names: Colorblends Wholesale Flowerbulbs.

### Museum

Colorblends is one of the founders of the Amsterdam Tulip Museum in the Netherlands.
# College of Education, Gindiri

The College of Education, Gindiri is a state government higher education institution located in Mangu, Plateau State, Nigeria. It is affiliated to Ahmadu Bello University for its degree programmes. The current acting provost is Emmanuel Jurte.

## History

The College of Education, Gindiri, was established vide Plateau State Edict No. 26 of 1980.

## Courses

The institution offers the following courses:
* Chemistry Education
* Education and Economics
* Business Education
* Education and Geography
* Primary Education Studies
* History
* Fine And Applied Arts
* Cultural and Creative Art
* Education and French
* Early Childhood Care Education
* Islamic Studies
* Education and Mathematics
* Political Science
* Computer Education
* Education and English
* Biology Education
* Hausa
* Christian Religious Studies
* Home Economics
* Integrated Science
* Agricultural Science
* Technical Education
* Computer Education
* Theatre Arts
* Physical And Health Education

## Affiliation

The institution is affiliated with the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, to offer programmes leading to Bachelor of Education, (B.Ed.).
# Colombier, Loire

Colombier is a commune in the Loire department in central France.
# Commerce High School

Commerce High School may refer to:
* Commerce High School (Commerce, Georgia)
* Commerce High School (Commerce, Texas)
* The High School of Commerce (New York City), 1902–1968 (first high school of its kind in the USA)
* High School of Commerce (Massachusetts)
# Columbia Union Church

Columbia Union Church, originally Epping Baptist Church, was a historic church in Epping, the northeastern part of Columbia, Maine. Built in 1829 and extensively altered in 1870, it is a fine example of a Greek Revival church with Gothic alterations. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, and was delisted in 2024 after collapsing in 2023.

## Description and history

The Columbia Union Church was located in northeastern Columbia, on the north side of Epping Road just east of its junction with Cemetery Road. It was a single-story wood frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof, clapboard and shingle siding, and a granite foundation. The front facade faced south, and had a fully pedimented gable above a pair of entrances that flanked a central window. The doors and window were topped by Gothic drip molding, which was also found on other windows. The building's corners have pilasters, which rose to an entablature that encircled the building. A two-stage tower rose above the front, with windows in the second stage and crenellations above. The tower featured drip molding, pilasters and friezes similar to those found on the main body. The building was condemned by the Town of Columbia in 2019, and collapsed on February 16th, 2023.
Built in 1829 as the Epping Baptist Church, this was the first church building to be built within the municipal bounds of Columbia, which was incorporated in 1796. The congregation had been meeting in private homes since 1788 prior to construction of this building. It is unclear at what point the building's use changed to that of a union church (serving multiple denominations), but the Columbia Union Society was formally organized in 1866 to oversee the building's rehabilitation. Under that organization's oversight the building was renovated, adding Gothic features such as the tower crenellations and drip molding.
# Columbus High School

Columbus High School can refer to a number of high schools in the United States:
* Columbus High School (Downey, California), a public secondary high school in California
* Columbus High School (Columbus, Georgia), a liberal arts magnet school in Georgia
* Columbus High School (Waterloo, Iowa), a Catholic secondary school in Iowa
* Columbus High School (Columbus, Kansas), a public secondary high school in Kansas
* Columbus High School (Columbus, Mississippi), a public secondary high school in Mississippi
* Columbus High School (Columbus, Montana) in Columbus, Montana
* Columbus High School (Columbus, Nebraska), a public secondary high school in Columbus, Nebraska
* Columbus High School (Lake View, South Carolina), a public secondary high school in South Carolina
* Columbus High School (Texas) in Columbus, Texas
* Category:High schools in Columbus, Ohio

## Similarly named

* Christopher Columbus High School (Miami-Dade County, Florida), a Catholic secondary school
* Christopher Columbus High School (Bronx, New York), a public secondary school
* Columbus Alternative High School in Columbus, Ohio
* Columbus Catholic High School (Marshfield, Wisconsin)
* Columbus Community High School in Columbus Junction, Iowa
* Columbus East High School and Columbus North High School in Columbus, Indiana
* Columbus Grove High School in Columbus Grove, Ohio
* Columbus Senior High School, a public secondary high school in Columbus, Wisconsin
* East Columbus High School in Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina
* South Columbus High School in Tabor City, North Carolina
* West Columbus High School in Cerro Gordo, North Carolina
# Nyssodrysternum amparense

Nyssodrysternum amparense is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1934.
# Colorado Springs City Auditorium

Colorado Springs City Auditorium is a historic auditorium in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Completed in 1923, the auditorium still serves the city of Colorado Springs by way of hosting various events throughout the year. The building, cost $424,910 at the time, was primarily used for concerts, theatre performances and graduations. The plaque above the stage is inscribed, "USUI CIVIUM DECORI URBUS", or "For the use of the people and the glory of the city." In the 1940s, a local promoter, Abe Marylander, brought wrestling exhibitions and boxing matches to the facility. As the years passed, the City Auditorium has played host to various musical concerts, the Harlem Globetrotters, many conventions and trade shows, professional wrestling, boxing, mixed martial arts, roller derby and more. The City Auditorium was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1995.
The Pikemasters Model Railroad club is housed in the Auditorium's basement. Located in the old Colorado Springs Police firing range, as of 2019 they hosted meetings every Thursday night, at which visitors were welcome.
# Nørre-Snede Municipality

Until 1 January 2007 Nørre-Snede was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in the former Vejle County on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 254 km$^2$ (98 sq mi), and had a total population of 7,266 (2005). Its last mayor was Uffe Henneberg, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Nørre Snede.
The municipality was created in 1970 as the result of a kommunalreform ("Municipality Reform") that merged a number of existing parishes:
* Ejstrup Parish
* Klovborg Parish
* Nørre-Snede Parish
Nørre-Snede municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). It was merged with existing Brande and Ikast municipalities to form the new Ikast-Brande municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 768 km$^2$ (297 sq mi) and a total population of 39,371 (2005). The new municipality belonged to Region Midtjylland ("Mid-Jutland Region").

## Notable people

* Jes Bertelsen (born 1946), spiritual teacher and author
# Comet (pyrotechnics)

A comet is a type of firework star fired into the sky from the ground which leaves a long trail of sparks in its wake as it flies through the air. A low noise effect that is popular in pyro-musicals because comets can be easily synchronized to music given their instantaneous impact.
A comet may also be a small block attached to the outside of a shell which burns and emits sparks as the shell is rising, leaving a trail in the sky.
Some comets use a matrix composition with small stars embedded in it. The matrix composition burns with little light but ignites the stars, producing the effect.
Some freely-launched comets contain crossette breaks, which explode and break the comet into several pieces to produce a branching effect.
Comets intended for use indoors near an audience, such as at a rock concert, are typically freely-launched projectiles designed to completely consume themselves to reduce the hazard to audience members.
# Command to Charge

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Command to Charge is the seventh studio album by the German melodic death metal band Suidakra.

## Track listing

* "Decibel Dance" - 4:15
* "C14_Measured by Infinity" - 5:17
* "Haughs of Cromdale" - 0:29
* "The Alliance" - 4:15
* "A Runic Rhyme" - 1:49
* "Second Skin" - 4:50
* "Reap the Storm" - 4:26
* "Gathered in Fear" - 4:34
* "Strange Perfection" - 5:26
* "Dead Man's Reel (instrumental)" - 4:17
* "The End Beyond Me" - 3:42

## Personnel

* Arkadius Antonik – lead, rhythm, melodic, acoustic guitars & main vocals
* Marcel Schoenen – melodic, acoustic guitars & clean vocals
* Marcus Riewaldt- bass
* Lars Wehner – drums & percussion
* Martin Buchwalter – engineering & mastering
* Mike Bohatch - covert art
* Nils Bross - Suidakra logo
# Con Tan Pocos Años

Con Tan Pocos Años (English: With so few years) is the second album from Mexican pop music singer and actress Lucerito. It was released on 1984. The first single was "Música", which was the song that she chose to be on OTI. Once again, it was produced by Sergio Andrade [es] through Musart Label.

## History

In 1983 Sergio Andrade wrote all the songs on the second album Con Tan Pocos Años, which included the song of the same name that would come to the top of popularity and sales and would make the young artist a star of magnitude. The novelty and originality of the arrangements, and the theme of the lyrics of songs by Andrade, made Lucerito the young star of excellence in those years and became a symbol for children and adolescents.
This second album was recorded entirely in Los Angeles, California, the main studio used by Mr. Andrade was Skyline Recording in Topanga Canyon, and where Andrade mixed Lucerito vocals.

## Track listing

The album is composed by ten songs, all of them were arranged, directed and produced by Sergio Andrade, except where it's indicated.

## Singles

* Música: a soft song that represents the importance of the music for a singer.
* Con tan pocos años: a love song, that escapes to a simple classification, and it became a first place of sales and popularity since it expresses the female feelings of any teenager who has fallen in love with an older man.
* Contigo: a rhythmic theme in which the singer expresses the importance that represents the closeness of her lover.

### Controversy

Sergio Andrade introduced Lucerito as a participant in the Festival OTI of 1983 with the song "Música". Although in the competition the name that appeared in the song was the one of Lucerito, showing as the composer of the song, this was a general comment to suppose that the song was actually written by Mr. Andrade, since some gossips speculate that he was in love with the teenager so he gave her the song away. She lost in the competition.
| # | Title | B-side | Date |
| 1. | "Música" | "Hola... Amigos del Espacio" (From Él album) | 1983 |
| 2. | "Con tan pocos años" | "Te quiero porque sí" | 1984 |
| 3. | "Contigo" | "Acción" | 1984 |

## Personnel

* Guitar: Grant Geissman
* Bass: Jimmy Johnson
* Drums: Ed Greene and Tom Breckline
* Pianos and Synthesizers: Sergio Andrade
* Strings: Gary Gertzweig
# Complementary monopoly

A complementary monopoly is an economic concept. It considers a situation where consent must be obtained from more than one agent to obtain a good. In turn leading to a reduction in surplus generated relative to an outright monopoly, if the two agents do not cooperate. The theory was originally proposed in the nineteenth century by Antoine Augustin Cournot.
This can be seen in private toll roads where more than one operator controls a different section of the road. The solution is for one agent to purchase all sections of the road.
Complementary goods are a less extreme form of this effect. In this case, one good is still of value even if the other good is not obtained.
In a 1968 paper Hugo F. Sonnenschein claims complementary monopoly is equivalent to Cournot duopoly.

## Example

Consider a road between two towns where half of the road is owned by two agents. A customer must pass two toll booth in order to pass from one town to the other. Each agent sets the price of his toll booth.
Given a demand function,
$D=D_{max}\cdot (P_{max}-P)$,
The optimal price for a monopolist is
$P={\frac {P_{max}}{2}}$
leading to revenue of
$R={D}\cdot {P}={D_{max}\cdot (P_{max}-{\frac {P_{max}}{2}})}\cdot {\frac {P_{max}}{2}}={D_{max}\cdot {\frac {P_{max}^{2}}{4}}}$
If both agents are independently setting their prices, then the Nash equilibrium is for each to set their price at
$P={\frac {P_{max}}{3}}$.
This leads to an increase in the total price to
$P={\frac {2\cdot P_{max}}{3}}$
and a decrease in total revenue to
$R={D}\cdot {P}={D_{max}\cdot (P_{max}-{\frac {2\cdot P_{max}}{3}})}\cdot {\frac {2\cdot P_{max}}{3}}={D_{max}\cdot {\frac {2\cdot P_{max}^{2}}{9}}}$
The total revenue generated by the two owners is reduced and the price is increased. This means that both the owners and the users of the road are worse off than they would otherwise be.
# O28

O28 may refer to:
* Oxygen-28, an isotope of oxygen
* Vought O-28 Corsair, a prototype observation aircraft of the United States Army Air Corps
* Willits Municipal Airport, in Mendocino County, California, United States
# OAPI

OAPI may refer to:
* Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle, the African Intellectual Property Organization
* Online Abuse Prevention Initiative
# OAP Tower

Osaka Amenity Park Tower is one of the largest plaza and office developments in Japan, located at the Tenmabashi District in Kita Ward, Osaka.
It was built by Mitsubishi Estates in 1994. It displays a collected line of cafes, restaurants, plazas, stores, offices and sky-view features like sky restaurants. It has a position in the List of tallest structures in Japan. It has a height of 176 meters and has 39 floors. OAP Tower is also integrated with the two OAP Residence Towers and the Teikoku Hotel.
# Němčičky

Němčičky may refer to:

## Places in the Czech Republic

* Němčičky (Břeclav District)
* Němčičky (Brno-Country District)
* Němčičky (Znojmo District)

## People

* Tomáš Němčický, Slovak ice hockey player
* Pavel Němčický, Czech football player
# Communauté de communes de Seine-École

The Communauté de communes de Seine-École is a former federation of municipalities (communauté de communes) in the Seine-et-Marne département and in the Île-de-France région of France. It was created in April 1974. It was merged into the Communauté d'agglomération Melun Val de Seine in January 2016.

## Composition

The Communauté de communes de Seine-École comprised 2 communes:
* Pringy
* Saint-Fargeau-Ponthierry
# OBB (band)

OBB (meaning, Oswald Brothers Band) is an American pop rock band made up of the three Oswald brothers, Zach, Jacob, and Nich. They come from Atlanta, Georgia, where the band started making music in 2008. They have released four extended plays, 3 in 2011, Live, Life, Loving in 2012, OBB in 2013, and Feelin' like Christmas in 2014. The group have also released one studio album, Bright Side in 2014, and an independent album, Ready Set Go in 2009.

## Background

OBB is a pop/rock band from Atlanta, Georgia, where they formed in 2008, being a group of three brothers, lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist, Zach Oswald, lead guitarist, Jacob Oswald, and drummer and background vocalist, Nich Oswald.

## Music history

The band started as a musical entity in 2008, with their first release, Ready Set Go, that was released independently in 2009. Their second release, an extended play, 3, was released independently, in 2011. The band released a second extended play, Live, Life, Loving, on February 21, 2012, independently.
Their third extended play release, OBB, was released on January 8, 2013, from Curb Records. They released a studio album, Bright Side, on September 30, 2014, with Curb Records. The group released a Christmas extended play, Feelin' like Christmas, by Curb Records, on November 18, 2014.

## Members

Current members
* Zachary David Oswald – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
* Jacob Daniel Oswald – lead guitar
* Nicholas Aaron Oswald – drums, background vocals
Past members
* Paul Lombardi – rhythm guitar, background vocals

## Discography

Independent albums
* Ready Set Go (2009)
Studio albums
* Bright Side (September 30, 2014, Curb)
EPs
* 3 (2011, independent)
* Live, Life, Loving (February 21, 2012)
* OBB (January 8, 2013, Curb)
* Feelin' like Christmas (November 18, 2014, Curb)
* Is This A Thing (July 8, 2018, Curb)
Singles
* "7 Billion" (2019)
# Confederation of South African Workers' Unions

The Confederation of South African Workers' Unions (CONSAWU) is a national trade union centre in South Africa.

## History

The federation was established in 2003 by 21 trade unions which identified themselves as Christian democratic. It applied for membership of the government's National Economic Development and Labour Council, but it was rejected for having a membership below 300,000. In 2006, it engaged in discussions about a merger with rivals the Federation of Unions of South Africa and the National Council of Trade Unions, although they later excluded CONSAWU from the talks, on the grounds that it was too right-wing.
By 2008, the federation claimed a total of 290,000 members, of whom nearly half were members of its largest affiliate, Solidarity. It affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation. It was largely inactive by 2017, but attempted to revive itself with a promise of lower affiliation fees than rival federations. Solidarity has since withdrawn, along with the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers, formerly its second-largest affiliate.

## Affiliates
### Current affiliates

* Brick and General Workers' Union (BGWU)
* Building, Wood and Allied Workers' Union of South Africa (BWAWUSA)
* Building Workers' Union (BWU)
* Care Centre, Catering, Retail and Allied Workers' Union of South Africa (CCRAWUSA)
* Commercial Workers' Union of South Africa (CUSA)
* Federal Council of Retail and Allied Workers (FEDCRAW)
* Food, Cleaning and Security Workers' Union (FOCSWU)
* Mine, Engineering and Distributor Workers Union of South Africa (MEDWUSA)
* National Certified Fishing and Allied Workers' Union (NACFAWU)
* National Construction Building and Allied Workers' Union (NACBAWU)
* National Union of Education (NUE)
* National Union of Hotel, Restaurant Catering, Commercial Health and Allied Workers (NUHRCCHAW)
* Professional Educators' Union (PEU)
* Progressive General Employees Association of SA (PGEASA)
* South African Building and Allied Workers' Organization (SABAWO)
* South African Food, Retail and Agricultural Workers' Union (SAFRAWU)
* Trawler and Line Fishermen's Union (TALFU)
* Transport Action, Retail and General Workers' Union (THOR)
* Westcoast Workers' Union (WWU)

### Former affiliates

* National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW)
* Solidarity
# Nwoduo

Nwoduo is a community in Kumbungu District in the Northern Region of Ghana.
# Nwogu, Ghana

Nwogu is a community in Kumbungu District in the Northern Region of Ghana.