OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spruce Falls (Saskatchewan)

Spruce Falls was the local name for a small waterfall where the Swan River empties into Sisipuk Lake in north-eastern Saskatchewan, near the Manitoba border. In 1928, Spruce Falls became the site of a dam and temporary power plant supplying the Island Falls hydroelectric power development upstream on the Churchill River.
The Swan River, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) in length, is the outlet channel from Chicken Lake (also known as Barrier Lake) into Sisipuk Lake. Sisipuk Lake, also known as Duck Lake, is a large lake along the course of the Churchill River. Swan River has a drainage area of 1,800 square kilometres (700 sq mi) consisting of a number of lakes, chief among which are Chicken, Mari, and Kipahigan Lakes.

## Spruce Falls and the Island Falls Power Development

A large amount of power is required for construction purposes on a job the size of the Island Falls development. As steam and gasoline units could be used only to a minor extent, owing to the high cost of transporting fuel, the only alternative was to find a site where hydroelectric energy could be generated. Engineers for the Churchill River Power Company determined that Spruce Falls, about 21.7 kilometres (13+1⁄2 mi) north-east of Island Falls, was suitable.
By utilizing the natural fall of 7.6 metres (25 ft) at Spruce Falls in addition to a 4.6-metre-high (15 ft) timber dam which impounded a small forebay, a head of 12 metres (40 ft) was developed. Water from the head pond was conveyed to generator turbines by two wood stave pipes 2.1 metres (7 ft) wide and 27 metres (90 ft) long.

## The powerhouse

The Spruce Falls temporary powerhouse was a frame building on the shore of Sisipuk Lake. It contained two small generating units and complementary equipment. These two 930 kW (1,250 hp) vertical-type turbines, with propeller-type runners, were directly connected to 1,000 kV⋅A generators delivering power at 600 volts, 3 phase, 60 cycles to a bank of transformers.
The transformer bank was placed apart from the powerhouse and protected by a lightning arrester and fuses. Rated at 2,000 kV⋅A, these transformers stepped the voltage up to 26,400 volts for transmission to Island Falls. There, a sub-station stepped the current down to 600 volts for two motor-generator sets which supplied current for the electric locomotives used in hauling earth, concrete and other construction materials.

## Completion of the project

Work on the temporary power plant was started on October 4, 1928. Its operation began on March 20, 1929, and continued without interruption until No. 1 Unit at Island Falls took up the load on June 5, 1930. Subsequently, the Spruce Falls plant was dismantled, and, under very difficult freighting conditions due to snow and weak ice, the two small generating units were brought to Island Falls, where they were permanently installed in 1933.
During the period of operation this plant supplied 4,698,000 kWh of electrical energy for construction purposes, at an average cost of 4.35 cents per kilowatt-hour.
Today, the dam at the site — known as Chicken Lake Dam — is owned and operated by the Saskatchewan Water Security Agency.
# Kamarkundu railway station

Kamarkundu is a railway station at the crossing of the Howrah–Bishnupur and the Howrah–Bardhaman chord lines. It serves Kamarkundu in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Overview

This is a rich agricultural area with several cold storages.

## History

The Howrah–Tarakeswar line was opened in 1885 and the Howrah–Bardhaman chord line in 1917. It is part of Kolkata Suburban Railway system. It is 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Howrah via Howrah–Bardhaman chord and 36 kilometres (22 mi) via Howrah–Tarakeswar branch line.

## Station oddity

At Kamarkundu, the Sheoraphuli–Bishnupur branch line goes above the Howrah–Bardhaman chord. Since the lines are at two levels, trains cannot switch routes. Platforms are at two levels.

## Major trains

* Sealdah - Alipurduar Kanchan Kanya Express
* Howrah–Rampurhat Express
* Kolkata–Jammu Tawi Express
# Ralph Adimari

Ralph T. Adimari (1902–1970) was an editor, researcher, and historian of the dime novel.

## Life

A prodigious collector, Adimari did extensive research on dime novels, and published many articles in Dime Novel Round-Up before 1940, and at least 20 articles between 1954 and 1964. He also wrote a piece titled "Saga of a Dime Novelist" which appeared in American Book Collector in early 1935. Through correspondence with fellow dime novel historian and Dime Novel Round-Up editor Ralph F. Cummings, Adimari acquired the letters and notebooks of William J. Benners (1863-1940), a dime novel historian, author, and agent, and wrote a biography of Benners for the DNRU. Building upon Benners's work identifying dime novel authors, Adimari compiled detailed lists of authors and pseudonyms, titles, and publishers, definitively solving several mysteries about dime novel authorship.
Adimari was born Raphael Adimare on October 19, 1902. He lived in the New York City area for most of his life, including Mount Vernon and Suffolk. In addition to his work on dime novels, he co-edited a 1936 collection of Walt Whitman's essays, titled New York Dissected. Adimari died November 1970 in Suffolk, New York.
The Ralph Adimari Papers are housed in the Fales Library and Special Collections at New York University's Bobst Library. The papers comprise correspondence from fellow dime novel collectors and historians, including Edward G. Levy, Dr. Albert Johannsen, Dime Novel Round-Up editors Edward T. LeBlanc and Ralph Cummings, the latter from whom Adimari acquired William Benners's papers, and writers including Col. Charles D. Randolph, aka "Buckskin Bill," known for his dime-novel and Western themed poetry. Also included are notebooks of research, manuscripts, newspaper clippings related to dime novel authors, photographs, and Victoriana. The William J. Benners Papers, also housed in Fales, includes several of Benners's notebooks that were subsequently used and annotated by Adimari.
# Dimitri Gedevanishvili

Dimitri "Dima" Gedevanishvili (born January 30, 1993) is a Georgian alpine skier. He qualified to represent Georgia at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
He attends Carrabassett Valley Academy. He is the brother of Elene Gedevanishvili.
# Epectasis panamensis

Epectasis panamensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1974. It is known from Panama.
# Coca-Cola Charity Championship

The Coca-Cola Charity Championship was a golf tournament on the Sunshine Tour. It was founded in 2006 as a finale to the tour's "Winter Swing", and was last played over the Gary Player-designed Outeniqua course at the Fancourt Hotel and Country Club, near George, Western Cape, South Africa.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runners-up |
| 2010 | Branden Grace | 209 | −7 | 2 strokes | Ulrich van den Berg Justin Walters |
| 2009 | Christiaan Basson | 203 | −13 | 4 strokes | Andrew Curlewis Louis Oosthuizen |
| 2008 | Garth Mulroy | 197 | −19 | 7 strokes | James Kamte Chris Williams |
| 2007 | Titch Moore | 211 | −5 | 4 strokes | Steve Basson James Kingston Louis Oosthuizen |
| 2006 | Alan Michell | 200 | −16 | 8 strokes | Adilson da Silva Doug McGuigan |
# Kotla Mughlan

Kotla Mughlan is a union council of Jampur Tehsil, Rajanpur District, Pakistan.

## Geography

It is situated 10 kilometers southeast of Jampur. It is at the edge of the Indus river. Haero lies to the east, Muhammad Pur is to the west, Kotla Dewaan is to the north and Boola Wala is to the south.

## Demographics

Mostly people speak Saraiki language there, along with Punjabi and Balochi is also used.

## Education

Two government high schools, one for girls and one for boys, as well as many private schools are present. Iqra Public Elementary School Aqsa Model Public School Kot Bodla

## Medical facilities

A hospital provides medical facilities to the people, along with private clinics. A veterinary clinic is also available.

## Economy

Agriculture and farming is the primary occupation.
# Sports Tonight (Irish TV programme)

Sports Tonight was an Irish sports information television programme.
Originally broadcast from 1998 until 2009 on Virgin Media One (then known as TV3), the show aired Monday-Friday at 11:30pm. Sports Tonight was presented by Trevor Welch, with other TV3 sports journalists also contributing. These contributors included Aidan Cooney and Joanne Cantwell.
The show was axed on 23 March 2009 after broadcasting for more than a decade. This was due to budgetary cutbacks at TV3 and an emphasis being placed on live sports.
# Dent v. West Virginia

Dent v. West Virginia, 129 U.S. 114 (1889), was an important United States Supreme Court case involving the reputable practice of physicians and state laws in the late 19th century. It was a direct challenge to West Virginia having passed "the nation's first genuinely restrictive physician licensing law in the early 1880s."

## The Case

Frank Dent was a physician who practiced with his father and grandfather in Newburg, West Virginia. Frank had only apprenticed with his father and practiced for six years when West Virginia passed its Board of Health Act in 1881 requiring either a diploma from a reputable medical college, a certificate showing ten years' practice, or successful passing of a state-administered exam. In 1882 Dent submitted a diploma from the American Eclectic Medical College in Cincinnati, which the Board of Health determined to be a fraudulent eclectic institution. Dent continued practicing and the Board's President, James Reeves, had Dent arrested. Frank Dent turned to his cousin Marmaduke H. Dent, Grafton West Virginia attorney and the first graduate of the University of West Virginia for his defense. At his trial in 1883 Frank Dent was found guilty of practicing without a medical license. Marmaduke Dent appealed the decision to the West Virginia Supreme Court on the grounds that the state could not interfere with a citizen's right to practice a lawful trade.
The West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals heard Dent's case in 1884 and rejected Marmaduke's arguments. M.H. Dent then filed an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1885 claiming a violation of his cousin's rights under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment. The Supreme Court had a considerable backlog and did not hear the case until 1889.

## The Decision

Justice Stephen J. Field delivered the Court's unanimous opinion on January 14, 1889, which upheld the West Virginia statute. Field noted that each citizen had a right to follow any lawful calling, subject to natural restraints such as age, sex, etc., as well as state restrictions, as long as those state restrictions were reasonable. In addition, the Court ruled that medicine, because of the careful nature of its training, the large knowledge of the human body required of doctors, and the nature of life-and-death circumstances with which doctors dealt, reliance needed to be placed on the assurance of a license. Certain circumstances might prompt states to exclude people without licenses from practicing medicine.

## Aftermath

Later, the Court would extend its decision in the case Hawker v. New York, 170 U.S. 189 (1898) when it ruled that character was also an important qualification for doctors wishing to obtain a license. As in any Supreme Court case, Dent has been cited numerous times, particularly in defining the legitimate role of state regulation versus Constitutional prohibitions on Bills of Attainder. See, for example SBC Communications, Inc. v. FCC.
# Cindy Tolan

Cindy Tolan is an American casting director and producer. Her career began in theatre, before she transitioned to television and film. She was awarded a BAFTA for her work as casting director of West Side Story in 2021. For the film she auditioned 30,000 people in order to create an authentic cast with performers of Latin descent. She is credited with the discovery of Rachel Zegler and for encouraging Ariana DeBose to audition for the production.
In 2019 she was nominated for two Black Reel Awards for different films, competing with herself in the Best Ensemble category for If Beale Street Could Talk and Sorry to Bother You. In 2018 she awarded an Emmy for her work on The Marvelous Mrs Maisel - Tolan was part of a team who cast the first season, but subsequently was the sole casting director for seasons two and three. She is a member of the Casting Society of America.

## Awards and nominations

* Artios Award: Big Budget Drama - 2023 - The Fabelmans (nominee)
* BAFTA Award for Best Casting - 2021 - West Side Story (winner)
* Emmy: Outstanding Casting For A Comedy Series - 2020 - The Marvelous Mrs Maisel (nominee)
* Emmy: Outstanding Casting For A Comedy Series - 2019 - The Marvelous Mrs Maisel (nominee)
* Emmy: Outstanding Casting For A Comedy Series - 2018 - The Marvelous Mrs Maisel (winner)
* Black Reel Awards: Best Cast (ensemble) - 2016 - Straight Outta Compton (winner)
* Artios Award: Best Feature Film Casting - 2007 - The Namesake (nominee)

## Selected filmography

* The Fabelmans (2022)
* West Side Story (2021)
* If Beale Street Could Talk (2018)
* Wildling (2017)
* Straight Outta Compton (2015)
* Maggie's Plan (2015)
* This Is Where I Leave You (2014)
* A Winter's Tale (2014)
* Mississippi Grind (2014)
* The Place Beyond The Pines (2013)
* The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2013)
* The Namesake (2006)
# Kamarna

Kamarna is a village in Alutaguse Parish, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia.
# The Hodson Shop

Walsall Museum Service's nationally significant Hodson Shop Collection comprises the unsold shop stock of a general drapers' shop in the small town of Willenhall in the West Midlands of England. It contains everyday clothing from the mid-twentieth century aimed at ordinary working-class and lower middle-class women and their children. These are garments and accessories that rarely find their way into museum collections, making this an unusual and interesting resource for the study of everyday clothing.

## Background

In 1920 Edith Hodson established a small shop in the front room of her family home at 54 New Road, Willenhall. Catering for a local clientele, the shop sold women's and children's clothing, haberdashery and household goods. Edith was joined at the shop by her sister, Flora, in 1927, but business declined in the late 1950s. Edith died in 1966 and Flora, finding it difficult to manage alone, shut up shop in 1971. Rather than getting rid of the stock, she simply closed the door. After her death in 1983 the collection was discovered and transferred into the ownership of Walsall Museum. In 2003, the Black Country Living Museum took over the running of the premises, turning 54 New Road into a museum known as the Locksmith's House.

## The Collection

The collection contains around 3,000 items dating from the 1920s to the 1960s; including outerwear garments and underwear for women and children, plus accessories, dress patterns, magazines, haberdashery, cosmetics and domestic items. There is a small collection of clothing and accessories for men. The clothing is almost entirely machine-sewn, generally inexpensively made, and was purchased from a range of ready-to-wear manufacturers particularly in Birmingham and Leicester.

### Fabrics

The introduction of man-made fabrics facilitated the development of cheap mass-produced clothing from the 1920s onwards, making fashion and a choice of clothing affordable to many women for the first time. There are a large number of artificial silk and rayon garments that date from the 1920s in the Hodson Shop Collection, with nylon, Orlon, Courtelle, Tricel and terylene being used from the 1950s.

### Archive

The archival material relating to the running of the shop includes order books, invoices, a credit or 'club' book, trade catalogues and advertising material. Many of the garments still have their original price tags attached, giving an insight into the purchasing power of consumers at the lower end of the market and the compromises made by working-class people between quality and affordability.

## The Utility Scheme

The Utility Scheme was introduced in the United Kingdom during World War II as a response to the growing shortage of materials in the country. Designers were challenged to create styles using the minimum amounts of fabric, and trimmings were restricted. The general clothing collection of Walsall Museum Service includes a large selection of Utility garments, with 278 items in the Hodson Shop Collection alone.
# Rainer Funke

Rainer Funke (born 18 November 1940) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and former member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

He was a member of the German Bundestag from 1980 to 1983 and again from 1987 to 2005. After the 1990 parliamentary elections, Funke was appointed Parliamentary State Secretary to the Federal Minister of Justice in the Federal Government led by Chancellor Helmut Kohl on 24 January 1991.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# Ergan, Erzincan

Ergan (formerly Oğulcuk) is a village in the Erzincan District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Aşuran, Demenan and Keçelan tribes and had a population of 211 in 2021. The hamlet of Gelinsi is attached to the village.
# Kotla Nihang Khan Fort

Kotla Nihang Khan Fort is a fort located in Kotla Nihang Khan village nearly 3 km from Rupnagar city of Punjab, India. Kotla Nihang Khan was the headquarter of the Afghan Zimindar ruler Nihang Khan who ruled over 80 villages in the 17 Century.The village and the fort is named after this local chief, Nihang Khan who was contemporary and associate of 10 Guru of Sikhs sri Guru Gobind Singh.This place has a great significance in the history and memories of Sikhs due to supporting role of Nihang Khan for the Sikhs, especially during war period crisis. Nihang Khan had cordial relations with Guru Gobind Singh that is why Guru ji visited this fort three times in his lifetimes as a shelter place during various wars periods. Guru Gobind Singh first visited Kotla Nihang Khan while returning from Paonta Sahib to Anandpur Sahib. He again passed through this place while returning from viewing the solar eclipse in Kurukshetra 1702-1703. The third visit was on 6 December 1705 when Guru Gobind Singh, after crossing the Sarsa river, on being forced to leave Anandpur, reached Kotia Nihang Khan, after detaching 100 of his warriors under Bhai Bachittar Singh to cover the forces of enemy following him . He safely reached in Nihang Khan's residence, Kotla. While relaxing in Nihang Khan's house, he waited for Bhai Bachchittar Singh. But most of the Sikhs with Bhai Bachchiittar Singh were killed in war and Bhai Bachchiittar Singh himself was seriously wounded and was taken to Nihang Khan's house by Sahibzada Ajit Singh the elder son of Guru Gobind Singh and Bhai Madan Singh where he died despite being cared by Nihang Khan and his daughter Mumtaj.

## Present status

At present the fort is under private ownership. Most part of the original structure of the fort has been destroyed and very minor part is visible and that too in the form of ruins. However, a memorial of Bhai Bachittar Singh is being constructed here by purchasing some land of fort from the present owner of the fort.
# Dental

Dental may refer to:
* Dental consonant, in phonetics
* Dental Records, an independent UK record label
* Dentistry, oral medicine
* Teeth
# City Centre Towers

City Centre or London City Centre is a twin office tower complex in London, Ontario, Canada at 275 Dundas Street. Construction on the towers was finished in 1974. The South tower is 96 m tall, and is the second tallest building in the city and one of the tallest office buildings in Ontario outside Toronto. The North tower is 89 meters tall and is the third tallest office building in the city. The buildings are one of several twin tower complexes in London's central business district. The towers were the tallest buildings in Southwestern Ontario from 1974, to 1992 when One London Place was completed.
The towers are 64% occupied by TD bank which holds its regional offices within the complex. Overall the complex is 94% leased as of July 2011, owing to London's strong economy and business market.
# Fort Wilson, Idaho

Fort Wilson is an unincorporated community located in Payette County, Idaho, United States.
# The Kissing Bandit

The Kissing Bandit may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* The Kissing Bandit (film), a 1948 film starring Frank Sinatra and Kathryn Grayson
* Jojo the Kissing Bandit, a character in the Avatar: The Last Airbender trading card game
* An episode of The Love Boat

## People

* Adriano Belli (born 1977), defensive tackle in the Canadian Football League nicknamed "The Kissing Bandit" for his penchant for kissing people on the cheek
* Richard Dawson (1932–2012), actor and game show host nicknamed "The Kissing Bandit" for kissing female contestants while hosting Family Feud
* Morganna (born 1947), buxom entertainer nicknamed "The Kissing Bandit" for running onto baseball fields and kissing select baseball players throughout the 1970s and 1980s
* Edna Murray (1898–1966), criminal who got the nickname "Kissing Bandit" after kissing her victim during a robbery
* Peeter Pedaja (1931-1985), adventurer and sculptor, known as "The Real Life Kissing Bandit" in Australia after hijacking a motorcycle and committing armed robbery with a water pistol, then claiming to have been inspired by the Frank Sinatra film The Kissing Bandit.
* Valentine Phantom, nicknamed "The Kissing Bandit" for decorating the business district of Boulder, Colorado, United States, with red hearts on Valentine's Day
# Ralph Keen

Ralph Keen (born 1957) is an American historian of religion and an academic administrator at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Trained in classics as an undergraduate with graduate work in the history of Christianity, Keen has since 2010 been professor of history at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and since 2015 he has been dean of the Honors College there.
His research in Reformation-era religious thought includes Divine and Human Authority in Reformation Thought (1997), Luther’s Lives (2003), The Christian Tradition (2008), Exile and Restoration in Jewish Thought (2011), as well as editions of works by Thomas More and Johannes Cochlaeus. Keen is also a co-editor of the monograph series Catholic Christendom, 1300–1700 published by Brill.
In 2018, he was president of the American Society of Church History.
Keen received a bachelor's degree in Greek from Columbia University, master's degree in classics from Yale University, and a Ph.D. in the history of Christianity from the University of Chicago.