# Thoracica

Thoracica is an infraclass of crustaceans which contains the most familiar species of barnacles found on rocky coasts, such as Semibalanus balanoides and Chthamalus stellatus. They have six well-developed limbs, and may be either stalked or sessile. The carapace is heavily calcified. The group includes free-living and commensal species.

## Classification

This article follows Chan et al. (2021) and WoRMS in placing Thoracica as an infraclass of Thecostraca and in the following classification of thoracicans down to the level of family:
    Infraclass Thoracica Darwin, 1854
       Superorder Phosphatothoracica Gale, 2019
          Order Iblomorpha Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
             Family Iblidae Leach, 1825
             Family Idioiblidae Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
          Order †Eolepadomorpha Chan et al., 2021
             Family †Eolepadidae Buckeridge, 1983
             Family †Praelepadidae Chernyshev, 1930
       Superorder Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015
          Order Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
             Superfamily Balanoidea Leach, 1817
                Family Balanidae Leach, 1817
                Family Pyrgomatidae Gray, 1825
             Superfamily Chthamaloidea Darwin, 1854
                Family Catophragmidae Utinomi, 1968
                Family Chionelasmatidae Buckeridge, 1983
                Family Chthamalidae Darwin, 1854
                Family Pachylasmatidae Utinomi, 1968
                Family Waikalasmatidae Ross & Newman, 2001
             Superfamily Coronuloidea Leach, 1817
                Family Austrobalanidae Newman & Ross, 1976
                Family Bathylasmatidae Newman & Ross, 1971
                Family Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916
                Family Coronulidae Leach, 1817
                Family Tetraclitidae Gruvel, 1903
             Superfamily Elminioidea Chan et al., 2021
                Family Elminiidae Foster, 1982
             Superfamily †Pachydiadematoidea Chan et al., 2021
                Family †Pachydiadematidae Chan et al., 2021
          Order Calanticomorpha Chan et al., 2021
             Family Calanticidae Zevina, 1978
             Family †Cretiscalpellidae Buckeridge, 1983
             Family †Titanolepadidae Gale & Sørensen, 2015
          Order Pollicipedomorpha Chan et al., 2021
             Family Lithotryidae Gruvel, 1905
             Family Pollicipedidae Leach, 1817
             Family †Zeugmatolepadidae Newman, 1996
          Order Scalpellomorpha Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
             Superfamily Lepadoidea Chan et al., 2021
                Family Heteralepadidae Nilsson-Cantell, 1921
                Family Lepadidae Darwin, 1852
                Family Malacolepadidae Hiro, 1937
                Family Poecilasmatidae Annandale, 1909
                Family Rhizolepadidae Zevina, 1980
             Superfamily Neolepadoidea Chan et al., 2021
                Family Neobrachylepadidae Newman & Yamaguchi, 1995
                Family Neolepadidae Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004
                Family Neoverrucidae Newman, 1989 in Hessler & Newman, 1989
                Family Probathylepadidae Ren & Sha, 2015
             Superfamily Scalpelloidea Chan et al., 2021
                Family Scalpellidae Pilsbry, 1907
                Family †Proverrucidae Newman, 1989 in Hessler & Newman, 1989
          Order Verrucomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
             Family Verrucidae Darwin, 1854
             Family †Eoverrucidae Gale, 2020
          Order †Archaeolepadomorpha Chan et al., 2021
             Family †Archaeolepadidae Gale, 2019
             Family †Myolepadidae Gale, 2015 in Gale & Sørensen, 2015
             Family †Stramentidae Withers, 1920
          Order †Brachylepadomorpha Withers, 1923
             Family †Brachylepadidae Woodward, 1901