OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1558 in art

Events from the year 1558 in art.

## Events

* Benvenuto Cellini begins writing his influential autobiography, focusing not only on his life but on his goldsmith's art, sculpture, and design.
* Juan Bautista Vázquez the Elder returns to Avila to complete the altarpiece at the Monastery of Santa Maria de las Cuevas, left unfinished by Isidro de Villoldo.

## Paintings

* Pieter Bruegel the Elder – Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
* Pierre Reymond – Tazza: Scene from the Book of Proverbs
* Domenico Campagnola – Callisto's Transformation into a Bear after Giving Birth to Arcas
* Tintoretto – Saint George and the Dragon
* Titian - Crucifixion
* Paolo Veronese – Assumption of the Virgin

## Births

* January (or February) Hendrik Goltzius, Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and painter (died 1617)
* December 3 - Gregorio Pagani, Italian painter active mainly in Florence (died 1605)
* date unknown
** Giovanni Alberti, Italian painter (died 1601)
** Baldassare Croce, Italian academic painter and director of the Accademia di San Luca (died 1628)
** Honami Kōetsu, Japanese craftsman, founder of the Rinpa school (died 1637)
** Dirk Pietersz, Dutch Golden Age painter (died 1621)
** Juan de las Roelas, Seville-based painter (died 1625)
** Gregorius Sickinger, Swiss painter, draughtsman, and engraver (died 1631)
** Jan de Wael I, Flemish painter of the Baroque period (died 1633)
* probable
** Belisario Corenzio, Italian Mannerist painter (died 1643)
** Chen Jiru, Chinese landscape painter and calligrapher during the Ming Dynasty (died 1639)

## Deaths

* January 24 - Gerlach Flicke, German limner and portrait painter working in London
* August 15 - Paul Lautensack, Germain painter and musician (born 1478)
* date unknown - Scipione Sacco, Italian painter of the Renaissance active in Cesena (born 1495)
* probable
** (died 1555/1558): Giovanni Francesco Caroto, Italian painter active in Verona (born 1480)
** (died 1555/1558): Benedetto Montagna, Italian engraver (born 1481)
# Chloroclystis hypopyrrha

Chloroclystis hypopyrrha is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by West in 1929. It is found in Japan.
The wingspan is 16–17 mm.
# Dynamic frequency hopping

One of the key challenges of the cognitive radio based wireless networks, such as IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks (WRAN), is to address two apparently conflicting requirements: assuring Quality of Services (QoS) satisfaction for services provided by the cognitive radio networks, while providing reliable spectrum sensing for guaranteeing licensed user protection. To perform reliable sensing, in the basic operation mode on a single frequency band (the so-called "listenbefore-talk" mode) one has to allocate Quiet Times, in which no data transmission is permitted. Such periodic interruption of data transmission could impair the QoS of cognitive radio systems.
This issue is addressed by an alternative operation mode proposed in IEEE 802.22 called Dynamic Frequency Hopping (DFH) where data transmission of the WRAN systems are performed in parallel with spectrum sensing without any interruption.
# Dyschlorodes

Dyschlorodes is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Claude Herbulot in 1966. All the species in this genus are from Madagascar.

## Species

* Dyschlorodes bicolor Viette, 1971
* Dyschlorodes hepatias Herbulot, 1966
# Dzhokhar (name)

Dzhokhar (جوهر) is a male name Perso-Arabic origin, meaning "jewel". It is popular in Chechnya, Dagestan, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran. It is related to the following same-origin names:
* Desi male name: Jawahar,
* Azerbaijani female name: Govhar
* Armenian female names: Johar, Kohar, Gohar
* Albanian male name: Xhevahir, Xhevahiri
* Chechen male name: Dƶoxar
* Turkish male name: Cevher

## Notable people

* Dzhokhar Dudayev (1944–1996), Chechen politician, 1st President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
* Dzhokhar Tsarnaev (born 1993), convicted perpetrator of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings
# Dzhokhar

Dzhokhar may refer to:
* Dzhokhar (name)
* Grozny, formerly (1998–2000) called Dƶoxar by the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
# Duprez

Duprez may refer to:
* Caroline Duprez (1832-1875), French soprano
* Gilbert Duprez (1806–1896), French tenor, singing teacher and minor composer
* June Duprez (1918–1984), English film actress
* Fred Duprez (1884–1938), American film actor and comedian who appeared mainly in British films
* Charles H. Duprez (1833–1902), American minstrel show performer and manager
** Duprez & Benedict's Minstrels, an American minstrel group led by Charles H. Duprez and Lew Benedict that enjoyed its greatest popularity in the late 1860s and 1870s
* Karina Duprez (born 1946), Mexican director and former actress
# Thomas Wilson (Queensland politician)

Thomas Wilson (5 May 1865 – 19 May 1933) was an Australian miner and a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He was also Mayor of Brisbane in 1909 and 1925.

## Biography

Wilson was born in Riddells Creek, Victoria, to parents James Wilson and his wife Mary (née McLean). He was educated in Riddells Creek. As a young man, he left home to work in the primary industries and later as a shearer in the Riverina district. He then worked at the Cobar copper mine and came to Queensland in 1884 where he invested in mining and pastoral pursuits.
In 1890 he married Emma Brown (died 1952) in Rockhampton and together had two sons and two daughters. He was a keen sportsman and a member of the Tattersalls Club. Wilson died in office in May 1933, and was accorded a state funeral which proceeded from his New Farm residence to the Toowong Cemetery.

## Public career

Wilson was associated with the Labour Party from its very early days of existence. He was an alderman on the Brisbane City Council, winning the ward of Merthyr in 1905 and holding it for the next sixteen years. During that time he was a member of the Brisbane Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board. In 1909 he was Mayor of Brisbane and held the distinction of welcoming Lord Kitchener when he visited Brisbane on New Year's Day, 1910. In 1925 he was once again Mayor for a short period.
Following the death of David Bowman in 1916, Wilson won the seat of Fortitude Valley in the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He held the seat until his death in 1933, and was Minister for Public Instruction from 1925 until 1929. As minister he initiated many reforms for the welfare of school children and a lasting tribute to his name was the Wilson Ophthalmic School at Windsor. The Wilson Hospital was a specialised facility where eye diseases in children from country Queensland could be diagnosed and treated.
# E. E. Aiken

Edwin Edgerton Aiken (March 1, 1859 – January 5, 1951) was an American Congregationalist minister and author who spent over four decades as a missionary and educator in China.
Born in Newington, Connecticut, he graduated from Yale University in 1881, where he was Phi Beta Kappa and a member of Skull and Bones. The following year he published The Secret Society System. While not naming Skull and Bones,$^{:196}$ he objected to the exclusiveness of societies and fraternities. He wrote: "Real friendship is not the result of formal compacts and societies; the spiritual bond is the true one, covenants of friendship are unnecessary, compacts are made for different ends."
He earned his Bachelor of Divinity from Yale Divinity School in 1884. In 1885 he began his missionary work in China with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, serving in Beiping (1885–90), Tianjin (1892–99), Baoding (1902–11), and Yichang (1917-21, 26-27). From 1912-1917 he was on the committee that revised the Mandarin-language translation of the Bible. When finally published, the Mandarin Union Version superseded earlier versions and became the translation of choice for Chinese Christians into the 21st century. He was also editor of the Peking Union Church Bulletin from 1928-1943, was a member of the Peking Oriental Society and held a number of teaching posts.
Aiken and his wife left China in 1943 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After a four-month internment by the Japanese, they were evacuated on the MS Gripsholm.
He was married twice, first in 1892 to Maud Lockwood, who died of scarlet fever in Tianjin in 1899, and second in 1902 to Rose Ethel Merrill. With his first wife he had two sons, Reverend Edwin Edgerton Aiken Jr. and George Lockwood Aiken, and a daughter, Margery, and with his second wife a daughter, Lura Susan Aiken, wife of Erhart Friedrich Petersen.
# Thomas William Hall

Thomas William Hall (1861 – 12 June 1937) was a British Solicitor and philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1921.
# Duệ Tông

Duệ Tông is the temple name used for several monarchs of Vietnam. It may refer to:
* Trần Duệ Tông (1337–1377), emperor of the Trần dynasty
* Nguyễn Phúc Thuần (1754–1777), one of the Nguyễn lords
# Dyscritothamnus

Dyscritothamnus is a genus of Mexican flowering plants in the daisy family.

## Species

* Dyscritothamnus filifolius B.L.Rob. - Guanajuato, Hidalgo
* Dyscritothamnus mirandae Paray - Querétaro
# Thomasia microphylla

Thomasia microphylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, spreading shrub with egg-shaped leaves and racemes of pale pink or mauve flowers.

## Description

Thomasia microphylla is an erect, spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 15–60 cm (5.9–23.6 in), its young stems covered with small scales surrounded by short hairs. Its leaves are egg-shaped, 2–10 mm (0.079–0.394 in) long and 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) wide on a petiole 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long. The flowers are arranged on the ends of branches in racemes of 2 to 4 on a peduncle 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) long, each flower 12 mm (0.47 in) wide on a pedicel 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long. The sepals are pale pink or mauve, the petals minute. Flowering occurs from August to November.

## Taxonomy

Thomasia microphylla was first formally described in 1974 by Susan Paust in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected by Alex George near the Ravensthorpe Range in 1963. The specific epithet (microphylla) means "small-leaved".

## Distribution and habitat

This thomasia grows in sandy coastal heath, on laterite, loam or clay in the Esperance Plains and Mallee bioregions in the south of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Thomasia microphylla is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Thomasia paniculata

Thomasia paniculata is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading shrub with heart-shaped to narrowly egg-shaped leaves and pinkish-mauve flowers.

## Description

Thomasia paniculata is a spreading shrub that typically grows to 0.3–2 m (1 ft 0 in – 6 ft 7 in) high and 1.0–1.5 m (3 ft 3 in – 4 ft 11 in) wide, its new growth densely covered with star-shaped hairs. The leaves are heart-shaped to narrowly egg-shaped, 30–100 mm (1.2–3.9 in) long and 8–20 mm (0.31–0.79 in) wide on a petiole 8–13 mm (0.31–0.51 in) long with rounded to wing-like stipules at the base of the petioles. The edges of the leaves are regularly notched and both sides are covered with scattered star-shaped hairs. The flowers are up to 13 mm (0.51 in) in diameter and arranged in racemes of 3 to 8 on a peduncle up to 80 mm (3.1 in) long. Each flower is on a pedicel 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long with densely hairy, linear bracts and similar bracteoles 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long at the base. The sepals are pinkish-mauve, densely covered with star-shaped hairs and joined for about half their length. Flowering occurs from September to December or from January to March.

## Taxonomy

Thomasia paniculata was first formally described in 1839 by John Lindley in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. The specific epithet (paniculata) refers to the branching habit of some of the flowering racemes.

## Distribution and habitat

This thomasia usually grows as an understorey plant in moist places in karri, jarrah and tingle forest, mainly between Perth and Albany in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren bioregions of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Thomasia paniculata is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Döhl

Döhl is a German language surname. Spelling variants include Dohl, Döhle and Dohle. The name may refer to:
* Friedhelm Döhl (1936–2018), German composer
* Karl Gottfried Paul Döhle (1855–1928), German pathologist
* Reinhard Döhl (1934–2004), German writer
# E636

E636 may refer to:
* Maltol, a flavour enhancer
* FS class E636, an Italian locomotives class
# E641

E641 or E-641 may be:
* The E-number of the flavour enhancer L-leucine
* European route E641, a European route class B road connecting the Austrian cities of Wörgl and Salzburg via Sankt Johann in Tirol and Bad Reichenhall in Germany
# E. gigantea

E. gigantea may refer to:
* Epipactis gigantea, the stream orchid or giant helleborine, an orchid species
* Edwardsina gigantea, the giant torrent midge, a fly species endemic to Australia
* Eulagisca gigantea a not so giant ocean worm that lives in the depths of the antarctic and Southern oceans
# Rhodt unter Rietburg

Rhodt unter Rietburg (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in Südliche Weinstraße district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany. Rietburg castle (ruins) is located on a nearby hill. The village has been making wine for over 1200 years, and is one of the centres of Palatine wine as a home of Rietburg wine co-operative.
# Canton of Sées

The canton of Sées is an administrative division of the Orne department, northwestern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Sées.
It consists of the following communes:
* Almenêches
* Aunou-sur-Orne
* Belfonds
* La Bellière
* Boissei-la-Lande
* Boitron
* Le Bouillon
* Le Cercueil
* Chailloué
* La Chapelle-près-Sées
* Le Château-d'Almenêches
* La Ferrière-Béchet
* Francheville
* Macé
* Médavy
* Montmerrei
* Mortrée
* Neauphe-sous-Essai
* Saint-Gervais-du-Perron
* Sées
* Tanville
# Otoniel Gonzaga

Otoniel Gonzaga may refer to:
* Otoniel Gonzaga (sport shooter)
* Otoniel Gonzaga (tenor singer)
# Sandy River Reservoir

Sandy River Reservoir is a 740-acre (3.0 km$^2$) water supply impoundment located slightly east of the town of Farmville (and South of Rice) in Prince Edward County. The Sandy River Reservoir is one of the newest lakes in Virginia with construction completed in 1994 and fishing opened in 1996. The reservoir was built and is owned by the county of Prince Edward with fisheries management responsibilities belonging to the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries.
# Chloroclystis grisea

Chloroclystis grisea is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Comoros, Kenya Mozambique and South Africa.
Host-plant of this species is Phyllanthus niruri
# Charles Learmonth

Charles Cuthbertson Learmonth DFC & Bar (2 May 1917 – 6 January 1944) was an officer in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) during World War II. He commanded No. 22 Squadron in combat during the New Guinea campaign, and subsequently took over No. 14 Squadron which was stationed near Perth, Western Australia. He was killed in a flying accident on 6 January 1944, and one of the RAAF's bases was later named in his honour.

## Death

On 6 January 1944, Learmonth led a formation of three No. 14 Squadron Bristol Beauforts on an exercise off Rottnest Island with ships of the US Navy. At a height of 1,000 ft (300 m) and about 18 mi (29 km) north-west of Rottnest Island his Beaufort began to shake violently. The Australian-built Beauforts were plagued by a mysterious problem that had destroyed over 90 aircraft and killed many crews, including many under training at RAAF East Sale. Learmonth recognised that the violent shaking was driven by the tail of his aircraft and he called Flight Lieutenant Ken Hewitt, the pilot of one of the other Beauforts, to fly in close and observe his tail. Hewitt could see the control rod to the elevator trim tab on Learmonth's Beaufort, hanging down. It had separated from the tab, allowing the tab and elevator to oscillate and drive the violent shaking of the whole aircraft. Learmonth used his radio to advise the crews of the other two Beauforts what he was observing. Shortly afterwards, the trim tab flicked to the extreme up position, over-powering Learmonth and forcing the aircraft to descend rapidly. After less than a minute Learmonth's Beaufort crashed into the sea, killing Learmonth and his three crew members. The wireless operator on one of the other Beauforts reported sighting a parachute on the surface of the water.
With the information obtained from Learmonth's radio commentary the problem plaguing the Australian-built Beauforts was traced to a component in the elevator trim tab actuating unit. All the RAAF Beauforts were grounded until they were modified to eliminate the problem. Learmonth is credited with supplying the vital information that was necessary to identify the problem and eventually solve it. A secret World War II landing field at Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia, known only by the code-name Potshot, was eventually developed into a permanent military base and named RAAF Learmonth in honour of Wing Commander Charles Learmonth.
# Ewen Fields

Ewen Fields in Hyde, Greater Manchester, England, is the home ground of Hyde United F.C. and has also hosted Manchester City Reserves, Manchester United F.C. Reserves, Stockport County Reserves and Oldham Curzon Ladies. The stadium holds 4,250 people, with 530 seats.

## History

The stadium formerly used Baspograss, on which Hyde United played Darlington in the 1st round proper in 1994, the last non-qualifying FA Cup game on an artificial surface for twenty years, until Maidstone United played Stevenage on their artificial surface in 2014.
It also hosted an American football team, the Manchester Spartans, in the 1980s after a surge in the sport's popularity in the UK following Channel 4's coverage of live NFL games. A Rugby league Super League game between Oldham and Sheffield was staged at the stadium in 1997.
In 2010, Hyde United changed their name to Hyde F.C. and had a kit change to black and white. Ewen Fields had a make over in summer 2010, funded by Manchester City as part of the clubs' partnership. In 2015, the club reverted to being called Hyde United.

## Structure and facilities

Ewen Fields is made up of five stands, the Main Stand, the Scrattin Shed, the Tinker's Passage End, the Leigh Street Stand and the Walker Lane End. All of the stands are covered.
The Main Stand is the only seated stand at Ewen Fields. It also houses the players' dressing rooms, board room and sponsors lounge as well as a refreshments bar and toilets.
Next to the Main Stand is the Scrattin' Shed, although it is more commonly known as the Shed End, despite not actually being at the end of the ground. This is where the most vociferous home fans usually congregate. The Social Club is behind the Shed, and traverses the boundary wall. There is a door inside the ground, and one in the car park.
The Tinker's Passage End (named after the footpath which runs behind the stand) is behind the goal nearest to the Scrattin' Shed. Unusually, the stand runs at an acute angle to the goal line. This is because the pitch prior to the Astroturf was not a perfect rectangle, and the stand, which used to be parallel to the goal line, shows the extent of this previous irregularity. Away fans are housed in the Tinker's Passage End on the rare occasions that games at Ewen Fields are segregated.
Running opposite to the Main Stand and Scrattin' Shed is the Leigh Street Stand, behind the home and away dugouts where another set of home fans stand. A second refreshments bar is also on this side.
The Walker Lane End (sometimes referred to as the Baths End due to the leisure centre behind the stand) is behind the goal at the opposite end to the Tinker's Passage End. When the Astroturf was laid, and the pitch realigned, it was also lengthened at this end. As a result, the Walker Lane Stand was built afterwards, and is parallel to the goal line.
# Przywodzie

Przywodzie may refer to the following places:
* Przywodzie, Choszczno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Przywodzie, Gmina Lipiany in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Przywodzie, Gmina Przelewice in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# Reginald Brian

Reginald Brian was a medieval Bishop of St David's and Bishop of Worcester. He was the son of Guy Bryan, 1st Baron Bryan, brother of Guy Brian the younger, and brother-in-law of Alice Brian, better known as Alice de Bryene.
Brian was consecrated Bishop of St David's on 26 September 1350 and translated to the see of Worcester on 22 October 1352.
Brian died on 10 December 1361.

## Citations

* ↑ See "Brian, Guy, Baron Brian (c. 1310-1390)" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 297
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 279
# Regional landscape parks of Ukraine

Regional landscape park in Ukraine is one of the categories of protected areas of Ukraine.
The Law of Ukraine defines regional landscape parks as follows:
Regional landscape parks are environment-protected recreational institutions of local or regional status that are created with the goal of conservation in natural state typical or unique natural complexes and objects as well as providing the conditions for organized recreation for the population.
Regional landscape parks are organized with withdrawal or without withdrawal of land plots, water, and other natural objects from their owners or users.
In the event when the withdrawal of land plots, water, and other natural objects is necessary for the needs of the regional landscape parks, it is conducted in order established by the legislation of Ukraine.
On regional landscape parks relies the implementation of such objectives:
* conservation of valuable natural and historical-cultural complexes and objects;
* creating conditions for effective tourism, recreation, and other types of outdoor activities in natural conditions in compliance with the regime of protection of preserved natural complexes and objects;
* promoting environmental education work.

## Notable parks

* Mizhrichynskyi Regional Landscape Park
* Nadsiansky Regional Landscape Park
* Znesinnia Regional Landscape Park
* Seymskiy Regional Landscape Park
* Stilske Horbohirya Regional Landscape Park
* Feldman Ecopark