OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karl Hoff

Karl Heinrich Hoff (8 September 1838, Mannheim – 13 May 1890, Karlsruhe) was a German genre painter, best known for his 18th century period scenes. He is generally referred to as The Elder, to distinguish him from his son, Karl Heinrich [de], who was also a painter.

## Biography

His father, Carl (1804–1891), was a confectioner. From 1855 to 1858, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe, with Johann Wilhelm Schirmer and Ludwig des Coudres. In 1858, developed an interest in the Düsseldorf school of painting and went there to continue his studies with Benjamin Vautier. After an extended series of study trips through France, Italy, Greece and Eastern Europe, he set up his own business in Düsseldorf, where he produced his first series of genre paintings. During this time, he married Marie Sohn (1841–1893), daughter of the painter Karl Ferdinand Sohn. They had two sons.
He was an active member of the Malkasten, a progressive artists' association and, from 1870 to 1872, served as President of the Allgemeinen Vereins der Karnevalsfreunde zu Düsseldorf [de], the organization that planned the annual carnival. In 1874, he became involved with a private group planning the proposed Zoologischer Garten Düsseldorf [de], which opened in 1876, and the animal welfare society "Fauna", which was seeking to ensure that the park was properly cared for.
He was also a poet. In 1877, he composed tableaux vivants for the "Kaiserfest", honoring Kaiser Wilhelm I on the occasion of his visit there. The following year, he wrote a comic epic called Schein (appearance), billed as a "sketchbook in verse".
In 1878, he was appointed a Professor at the Karlsruhe Academy, succeeding Wilhelm Riefstahl [de], who had moved to Munich. His pupils there included Alexander Koester and Julius Fehr [de]. In 1882, he issued Artists and Art Writers, a controversial brochure containing violent attacks against art critics and criticism in general. In 1886, he made use of his experience with the carnival in Düsseldorf to help organize a large historical pageant, celebrating the 500th anniversary of the University of Heidelberg.
He suffered from tuberculosis and died in 1890, aged only fifty-one, following a brief illness.
# Karlsburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Karlsburg is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The former municipality Lühmannsdorf was merged into Karlsburg in May 2019.
The original name of the place was Gnatzkow. In 1771 King Gustav III of Sweden, then imperially enfeoffed with Swedish Pomerania, renamed the place into Karlsburg after the first name of Carl Heinrich Behrend, Count von Bohlen (1705–1757), who had built the new manor house between 1731 and 1739. In 1745 Carl Heinrich Behrend von Bohlen was raised to the rank of imperial count. Through the marriage of Caroline, Countess von Bohlen, with Theodor Alexander von Bismarck of the Schönhausen branch of the House of Bismarck, Karlsburg Castle was inherited by this family. Theodor Alexander was made a count by King Frederick William III of Prussia in 1818. In 1945, the estate was expropriated following the communist power seizure in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. It has become a hospital since.
# Dangerous Games (TV series)

Dangerous Games is an Armenian drama television series created by Anush Petrosyan. The series premiered on Kentron TV on December 14, 2015. Director of the series is Angel Martirosyan, who is also a member of cast. Camera operator is Armenian-American Vahe Avedian. Screenwriter is Rafayel Tadevosyan. Production manager is Gegham Margaryan. Sound engineer is Bahieh Claggett. The series takes place in California, United States.

## Cast and characters

* Armen Zargaryan as Mark
* Levon Sharafyan
* Alla Tumanyan
* Shahen Badalyan
* Razmik Mansuryan
* Khachatur Hunanyan
* Vahan Margaryan
* Angel Martirosyan
* Lusine Gasparyan
* Susanna Nidelyan
* Anna Panni
* Marine Minasyan
* Hayk Grigoryan
* Artur Sukiasyan
* Edgar Rostomyan
* Albert Diloyan
* Davit Sargsyan
* Vartan Torosyan
* Stepan Babujyan
* Mkrtich Setoyan
* Dwayne Johnson
* Alton Mills
* Bianca Doria
* Slim Khezri
* Stephon Steward
* Akrem Abdu
* Destiny Soria
* Troy Musil
* Mike Hro
* Gor Yepremyan as Gor
# Karugampattur

Karugampattur 632013 is a census town in Vellore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Karugampattur had a population of 5272. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Karugampattur has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 49%. In Karugampattur, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Karen Lumley

Karen Elizabeth Lumley (28 March 1964 – 25 May 2023) was a British Conservative politician and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Redditch in Worcestershire from 2010 to 2017.

## Early life and education

She was born Karen Elizabeth Allott in Barnsley on 28 March 1964, to Derek and Sylvia Allott. She grew up in the county of Warwickshire, in the town of Rugby. Her early education was at the Rugby High School for Girls, and subsequently the East Warwickshire College.

## Political career

Lumley was the deputy chair of the Welsh Young Conservatives from 1986 to 1987, and the group leader of the district of Wrexham Maelor from 1991 to 1996. She also served on Clwyd County Council between 1993 and 1996, and on Redditch Borough Council from 2001 to 2003.
Lumley unsuccessfully contested the Delyn constituency in 1997 and at National Assembly level in 1999. In both the general elections of 2001 and 2005, she unsuccessfully contested the constituency of Redditch before gaining the seat at the general election of 2010, defeating the former Labour Home Secretary Jacqui Smith.
Lumley was one of 175 MPs to vote against the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 in March 2013, which legalised same sex marriage in England and Wales.
Lumley had said that while she supported civil partnerships, she had felt that the bill would redefine the meaning of marriage and that her decision would be supported by the majority of her constituents. She held her seat in the election of May 2015.
Lumley indicated her support for voting to leave the European Union in the EU Referendum in March 2016. She commented that the move would regain the sovereignty of the United Kingdom.
In the House of Commons Lumley sat on the Finance Committee as of July 2015. She had previously been part of the Welsh Affairs Select Committee and the Transport Select Committee. She was also a Parliamentary Private Secretary in the Department of Health.
Lumley did not seek re-election as an MP at the general election of 2017 due to ill health.

## Personal life and death

After becoming an MP, she lived in the Brockhill area of Redditch. She was married to Richard Lumley, a geologist, and had two children.
Lumley died on 25 May 2023, at the age of 59.
# Celebrity Big Brother 2

Celebrity Big Brother 2 may refer to:
* Celebrity Big Brother 2 (UK), the 2002 UK series of Celebrity Big Brother
* Celebrity Big Brother 2 (U.S.), the 2019 U.S. season of Celebrity Big Brother
* Big Brother Famosos 2, the 2002 season of Big Brother Famosos, the Portuguese version of Celebrity Big Brother
* Big Brother VIP 2, the 2003 season of Big Brother VIP in Hungary
* Big Brother VIP 2, the 2003 season of Big Brother VIP in Mexico
* Big Brother VIPs 2, the 2006 season of Big Brother VIPs in Belgium
* Bigg Boss (India):
** Bigg Boss (Hindi season 2), the 2008 Hindi season of Bigg Boss, the Indian version of Big Brother
** Bigg Boss Kannada 2, the 2014 Kannada season of Bigg Boss, the Indian version of Big Brother
** Bigg Boss Bangla 2, the 2016 Bengali season of Bigg Boss, the Indian version of Big Brother
** Bigg Boss Tamil 2, the 2018 Tamil season of Bigg Boss, the Indian version of Big Brother
** Bigg Boss Telugu 2, the 2018 Telugu season of Bigg Boss, the Indian version of Big Brother
* Gran Hermano VIP 2, the 2005 VIP season of Gran Hermano, the version of Big Brother in Spain
* Grande Fratello VIP 2, the 2017 VIP season of Grande Fratello, the version of Big Brother in Italy
* HaAh HaGadol VIP 2, the 2015 VIP edition of HaAh HaGadol, the Israeli version of Big Brother
* Hotel Big Brother, the 2009 season of Big Brother VIPs in the Netherlands
* Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition 2, the 2007-2008 celebrity season of Big Brother in the Philippines
* Promi Big Brother 2, the 2014 season of Promi Big Brother, the celebrity version of Big Brother in Germany
* Veliki brat VIP 2, the 2008 celebrity season of Veliki brat, the version of Big Brother in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro
* VIP Brother 2, the 2007 season of VIP Brother in Bulgaria
# John Dhanraj

John Dhanraj (Tamil:ஜான் தன்ராஜ்) is an Indian television host. He hosted DD Podhigai from 2010 to 2013. As of 2014 he is the host of Kalaignar TV's Nenju Porukkuthillaiye, which discusses social problems. He is the recipient of Edison Awards (India) for the best Anchor for Kaara Saram.

## Early life

Dhanraj was born in Chennai district Tamil Nadu, India. He pursued his law degree at Madras Law College, Chennai.

## Career

Dhanraj began his career in 1992 on the Sun TV (India) program kavidhai Kelungal, an on spot poem show. He later hosted kaara saram program(2010-2013) for DD Podhigai,a social awareness program. He is currently hosting Nenju Porukkuthillaiye, broadcast on Kalaignar TV.

## Lyricist

Dhanraj wrote several songs for the movie Manadhil our maargazhi (Tamil) and Lillies of March (Malayalam)

## Television works

| Title | Channel | Year |
| Kavidhai kelungal | Sun TV (India) | 1992 |
| Kaarasaram | DD Podhigai | 2010-2013 |
| Nenju Porukkuthillaiye | Kalaignar TV | 2013–present |
# Dampier (surname)

Dampier is an English toponymic surname, from one of several places named Dampierre in France. People with the surname include:
* Alex Dampier (born 1951), Canadian-British athlete and coach in ice hockey
* Alfred Dampier (1843–1908), English-born actor and playwright, active in Australia
* Claude Dampier (1879–1955), English actor
* Devon Dampier (born 2004), American football player
* Erick Dampier (born 1975), American basketball player
* Jeffrey Dampier (1966–2005), American lottery winner and murder victim
* John Dampier (1750–1826), English athlete in cricket
* Lily Dampier (1867/1968 – 1915), Australian actress
* Louie Dampier (born 1944), American basketball player
* Robert Dampier (1799–1874), English artist
* Thomas Dampier (1748–1812), English cleric
* Thomas Dampier (priest) (ca. 1700–1777), English cleric and educator
* William Dampier (1651–1715), English explorer, the first person to circumnavigate the Earth three times
* William Cecil Dampier (1867–1952), British scientist, agriculturist and science historian
# Chishui leaf litter toad

The Chishui leaf litter toad (Leptobrachella chishuiensis) is a species of frog endemic to Eastern Asia in China. The species was described in 2020.
# Kobiljača, Dubrovnik-Neretva County

Kobiljača is a village in southern Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 198.
# Kinetin

Kinetin (/'kaɪnɪtɪn/) is a cytokinin-like synthetic plant hormone that promotes cell division in plants. Kinetin was originally isolated by Carlos O. Miller and Skoog et al. as a compound from autoclaved herring sperm DNA that had cell division-promoting activity. It was given the name kinetin because of its ability to induce cell division, provided that auxin was present in the medium. Kinetin is often used in plant tissue culture to induce callus formation (in conjunction with auxin) and regenerate shoot tissues from callus (with lower auxin concentration).
For a long time, it was believed that kinetin was an artifact produced from the deoxyadenosine residues in DNA, which degraded when standing for long periods or when heated during the isolation procedure. Therefore, it was thought that kinetin does not occur naturally, but since 1996, it has been shown by several researchers that kinetin exists naturally in the DNA of cells of almost all organisms tested so far, including humans and various plants. The mechanism of production of kinetin in DNA is thought to be via the production of furfural — an oxidative damage product of deoxyribose sugar in DNA — and its quenching by the adenine base's converting it into N6-furfuryladenine, kinetin.
Kinetin is also widely used in producing new plants from tissue cultures.

## History

In 1939, P. A. C. Nobécourt (Paris) began the first permanent callus culture from root explants of carrots (Daucus carota). Such a culture can be kept forever by successive transplantations onto fresh nutrient agar. The transplantations occur every three to eight weeks. Callus cultures are not cell cultures since whole tissue associations are cultivated. Though many cells keep their ability to divide, this is not true for all. One reason for this is the aneuploidy of the nuclei and the resultant unfavourable chromosome constellations.
In 1941, J. van Overbeek (Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) introduced coconut milk as a new component of nutrient media for callus cultures. Coconut milk is liquid endosperm. It stimulates the embryo to grow when it is supplied with food at the same time. Results yielded from callus cultures showed that its active components stimulate the growth of foreign cells, too.
In 1954 F. Skoog (University of Wisconsin, Madison) developed a technique for the generation and culture of wound tumor tissue from isolated shoot parts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The developing callus grows when supplied with yeast extract, coconut milk, or old DNA preparations. Freshly prepared DNA has no effect but becomes effective after autoclaving. This led to the conclusion that one of its breakdown products is required for cell growth and division. This characterized substance was named kinetin, and was classified as a phytohormone.
# Huantán District

Huantán District is one of thirty-three districts of the province Yauyos in Peru.

## Geography

The Cordillera Central traverses the district. One of the highest peaks of the district is Upyanqa at approximately 5,300 m (17,400 ft). Other mountains are listed below:
* Anta P'unqu
* Awki Sunqu
* Chaka Punta
* Chuntani
* Kaywa
* Llamayuq
* Maray
* Misitu
* Paquchi
* Puma Ranra
* P'allta Rumi
* P'ukru
* P'unqu
* P'unqu Punta
* Ruphasqa
* Sinchi Marka Punta
* Siq'i
* Suni Qaqa
* T'uru
* T'uruyuq
* Wampuru
* Wamp'una
* Wankarqucha
* Waylla
* Wayu Marka
* Yunka Warmi
# Howard Cunningham

Howard Cunningham may refer to:
* Howard Cunningham (computer programmer) (born 1949), American computer programmer
* Howard Cunningham (Happy Days), fictional character played by Tom Bosley on the 1970s sitcom Happy Days
# Brookfield Place (Calgary)

Brookfield Place is a skyscraper located in downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The complex is home to Brookfield Place East, a 56-storey 247 m (810 ft) office tower, which, upon its completion in 2017, became the tallest building in Calgary, exceeding The Bow. Its anchor tenant is the oil and gas company Cenovus.
The commercial complex between 1st and 2nd Streets and 6th and 7th Avenues SW in downtown Calgary, was originally imagined as a full-block development with a 56-storey East and 41-storey West office tower, the project has since been scaled back with groundbreaking indefinitely delayed for the West tower.

## Construction

The Brookfield Place complex was designed by London and Toronto-based architecture firm Arney Fender Katsalidis. The delivery architect was Calgary based Dialog. The original name for the site was "225 Sixth", which was later changed to Brookfield Place. The design would feature a three-storey, 50,000 square foot transparent glass pavilion connected to the City's Plus 15 pedway system, a winter garden, and numerous sustainable design features such as storm-water management and auto sharing, car pooling and electric plug-in parking facilities.
Groundbreaking for the complex took place on October 29, 2013, which was attended by Calgary Mayor Naheed Nenshi. On May 11, 2016, Brookfield Place East reached 247 metres, exceeding The Bow and becoming the tallest building in Calgary.
The development is constructed to LEED Gold standard for Core and Shell. Commuters have direct access to the Plus 15 skywalk system and the CTrain LRT system on 7th Avenue.

### Glass window failures

In October 2017 Brookfield Place East experienced two separate window failures, the first occurring on October 15 when high wind caused window-washing equipment to strike the northeast facade causing a panel from the 51st floor to break. The second incident on October 29 saw a panel from the 23rd floor break, causing shards of glass to fall on the street below.
# HuaChanSu

HuaChanSu (bufo bufo gargarizans) is a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from the skin of toads from the genus Bufo that is believed by some to slow the spread of cancerous cells. The parotoid gland of toads of the Bufo genus secrete a venom, which is dried and dissolved in water. This solution, HuaChanSu, is injected into a cancerous area and targets specific cancer cells. HuaChanSu is undergoing further trials, and its effect is not completely understood.

## Background

HuaChanSu had been used in China as a therapy for cancer for over 1000 years and over time spread to other Asian countries. In 1991, HuaChanSu was accepted by China as an official cancer treatment. Even then, the treatment's effectiveness and toxicity levels were still at question due to the lack of consistent scientific evidence.

## Bufo toad

Bufo is a group of over 150 species of toads. Nearly all of these species contain a venom in their skin called bufotoxin which is a naturally a mild hallucinogen. They also contain the poison bufotenin which is another toxin used in HuaChanSu. Bufo toads can live under very adverse conditions resulting in its inhabitance in nearly every continent; its ability to survive makes it a desired source for cancer cure studies.

## Specific molecular process

The molecules in HuaChanSu include the cardiac glycosides bufalin, cinobufagin, cinobufotalin and resibufogenin. These molecules are effective due to their lipid-soluble characteristic, which helps them remain in the body longer; they slow the growth of cancer cells and induce cell cycle arrest. More specifically, these molecules suppress the protein Bcl-2, which is a cancer-prone lymphoma protein, and induce cell death upon BRO (melanoma) cells.

## Trials

Since the 1970s, clinical trials for HuaChanSu had been held in China. The clinical trials showed between 10% and 16% decrease in lung cancer masses. At first, the United States was reluctant to invest in the study of HuaChanSu, but in 2005, trials were administered by Americans who applied doses that were eight times larger than those from the Chinese trials. These trials resulted with 40% of lung and liver cancer patients having tumors stabilized. Although no significant change was made in tumor sizes, the quality of life of the patients with stabilized tumors improved, evaluated by M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI).

## Toxicity and side effects

The toxicity levels of HuaChanSu were also recorded and studied during the various trials. The toad venom was found to have grade 1 and 2 toxicity levels in majority of the injected areas. No toxicity greater than grade 2 was observed and the effects subsided within a month. These side effects included thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, mouth ulcers, and myalgia.
# Broomfleet

Broomfleet is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the Humber Estuary approximately 4 miles (6 km) west of Brough. According to the 2011 UK Census, Broomfleet parish had a population of 302, an increase on the 2001 UK Census figure of 293.
The village is served by Broomfleet railway station on the Selby Line.
The local parish church is dedicated to St Mary and is designated Grade II listed.
Whitton Island in the Humber Estuary falls partly within the parish. The island was formed from a mud and sandbank at the turn of the 21st century. Broomfleet Island is an area of low-lying land adjacent to the Humber Estuary, which was historically detached from the mainland by the tidal channel of Broomfleet Hope.
# Howard Abbott

Howard T. Abbott (February 11, 1867 – October 5, 1939) was an American football player, lawyer and judge. He played college football and was the starting quarterback for both the University of Minnesota in 1886 and the University of Michigan in 1889. He was also the captain of the first Minnesota Golden Gophers football team in 1886. He was a lawyer in Duluth, Minnesota, starting in 1891 and later became a judge.

## Early years

Abbott was born in Washington, D.C. in 1867, the son of Asa T. and Fannie B. (Cross) Abbott. Starting at age eight, Abbott attended Army schools, as his father was serving in the military. In 1879, he moved with his family to Minneapolis where he attended public schools.

## College career
### Minnesota

In 1886, Abbott enrolled at the University of Minnesota where he studied for three years. While he was a student at Minnesota, he was the captain and quarterback of the first Minnesota Golden Gophers football team in 1886.

### Michigan

In 1889, Abbott enrolled at the University of Michigan as a law student. While studying law, he was the starting quarterback for the 1889 Michigan Wolverines football team. The 1889 team led by Abbott finished with a 1–2 record and was outscored 76–0 by Cornell and the Chicago University Club. He was also a reserve quarterback on the 1890 team.

## Legal career and personal life

After receiving a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1890, Abbott moved to Duluth, Minnesota, where he began practicing law in 1891. In November 1895, he married Gertrude P. Markell, and they had two children. He was a member of the firm of Abbott, McPherran, Lewis and Gilbert. He later served as a judge. In 1935, Judge Abbott was honored as a pioneer of Gopher sports in a reunion held at the Minnesota Union on the 50th anniversary of the first football team.

### Death

In October 1939, Abbott died at Rochester, Minnesota from coronary thrombosis. He had come to the Mayo Clinic three weeks earlier and died at Worrell Hospital.