OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Historical names of Nubia

Nubia is the term commonly used by scholars to refer to the land located south of Ancient Egypt, from the city of Elephantine down to modern-day Khartoum. Nubia has been one of the earliest humanly inhabited lands in the world. Its history is tied to that of Egypt, from which it became independent in the 10th century BC. The rich gold deposits in Nubia made the latter the target of Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and later Arabs. Research on Nubia has allowed scholars to find several of its references.

## Historical References to Nubia
### Egyptians

Ancient Egyptians referred to Nubia as several different names. The aforementioned Nubia is derived from the Egyptian word from nub, the Egyptian word for "gold." It is believed that the Nubians were the first people along the Nile to mine for gold, later introducing the mineral to Egyptians and earning their name.
Because Nubians were very skilled archers, Egyptians also called Nubia and the southernmost region of Egypt (near Elephantine) by the moniker Ta-Seti, meaning "Law of the Bow." Accordingly, the Nubian inhabitants were named Iuntiu-setiu, which translates to "Bowmen." Ta-Nehesy and Ta-Nehasyu were also used by both Nubians and Egyptians as another word for Nubia, with Nubians being named Nehesy at times.
It has also been argued by historians that Ta-Netjer (meaning "God's Land") and Punt refer to a region in Upper Nubia near Medja.

### Greeks and Romans

Greeks occupied Egypt from the Ptolemaic Period (332-30BC), they called the land south of Egypt, Aethiopia. Romans adopted that name for Nubia when they came and defeated the Ptolemaic Dynasty.

### Arabs and English

Arabs conquered Egypt in 641AD, and were planning to attack Bilad al-Sudan, or The Land of the Blacks. That was the name Arabs used to refer to Nubia. That name was still used in 1820, when Mohammed Ali Pasha or Mehmet Ali became the viceroy of Egypt. When The English came and conquered the area, they adopted the name Sudan from the Arab term to refer to that area.
# Immovable Cultural Heritage in the Kosovska Mitrovica District

This list includes Immovable Cultural Heritage sites (listed by the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia [sr]) which are located in the Kosovska Mitrovica District of Serbia – which overlaps with the District of Mitrovica of Kosovo.

## Cultural monuments

| Number in the Central Register | Monument | Municipality | Address | Designated since | Classification |
| SK 1371 | Banjska Monastery | Zvečan | Banjska 42°58′18″N 20°46′58″E﻿ / ﻿42.971683°N 20.782819°E﻿ / 42.971683; 20.782819 | 26 August 1947 | Exceptional Importance |
| SK 1373 | Old Stone Bridge - Vojnović Bridge | Vučitrn | Vučitrn R. Dedovića St. 42°49′24″N 20°57′37″E﻿ / ﻿42.823375°N 20.960206°E﻿ / 42.823375; 20.960206 | 11 June 1949 | Exceptional Importance |
| SK 1374 | Vojinović Tower | Vučitrn | Vučitrn 42°49′20″N 20°58′03″E﻿ / ﻿42.822299°N 20.967431°E﻿ / 42.822299; 20.967431 | 19 May 1949 | Exceptional Importance |
| SK 1413 | Devič Monastery | Srbica | Lauša 42°43′06″N 20°46′26″E﻿ / ﻿42.718427°N 20.773760°E﻿ / 42.718427; 20.773760 | 24 March 1948 | Exceptional Importance |
| SK 1416 | Zvečan Fortress | Zvečan | Zvečan 42°54′17″N 20°50′51″E﻿ / ﻿42.904720°N 20.847622°E﻿ / 42.904720; 20.847622 | 29 August 1947 | Exceptional Importance |
| SK 1449 | Church of the Holy Protection of the Virgin - Sokolica | Zvečan | Veliko Rudare Boljetin 42°55′39″N 20°51′46″E﻿ / ﻿42.927385°N 20.862720°E﻿ / 42.927385; 20.862720 | 25 December 1948 | Exceptional Importance |
| SK 1506 | St. Parascheva Church | Zubin Potok | Čečevo 42°55′11″N 20°36′48″E﻿ / ﻿42.919601°N 20.613352°E﻿ / 42.919601; 20.613352 | 29 December 1966 | |
| SK 1507 | St. Nicholas' Church | Zubin Potok | Crepulja 42°52′59″N 20°40′36″E﻿ / ﻿42.883103°N 20.676735°E﻿ / 42.883103; 20.676735 | 25 December 1948 | |
| SK 1508 | Church of the Holy Virgin in Čitluk | Zubin Potok | Duboki Potok 42°55′14″N 20°42′45″E﻿ / ﻿42.920591°N 20.712414°E﻿ / 42.920591; 20.712414 | 25 December 1948 | |
| SK 1510 | Ćamilović's Old Town House | Vučitrn | Vučitrn 33 Mačvanska St. | 31 December 1955 | |
# Chinangin

Chinangin is a locality in Victoria, Australia, located approximately 42 km from Swan Hill.
# Comboio

João Manuel Dinis, commonly known as Comboio, (born 13 October 1979) is a Portuguese football defender playing for Omonia Aradippou. During his stay in Cyprus he played also for Doxa Katokopias, Aris Limassol and Elpida Xylofagou.
Comboio previously played for Alverca, Estoril, Barreirense and Olhanense in the Portuguese Liga de Honra. He left Barreirense to join Olhanense for the 2006–07 season.
He joined Cypriot side Doxa Katokopia before the 2008–09 season.
# Carbacanthographis amazonica

Carbacanthographis amazonica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Amazon region of South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected in Saül (Canton of Maripasoula, French Guiana) at an altitude of 300 to 400 m (980 to 1,310 ft); here it was found in a hilly, moist tropical forest. It has also been recorded in Colombia and Suriname. The lichen has an uneven, greenish to greenish-yellow thallus that lacks a cortex, and has a black prothallus. The specific epithet refers to its distribution in the Amazon region of South America.
# Chrisom

Anciently, a chrisom, or "chrisom-cloth," was the face-cloth, or piece of linen laid over a child's head during baptism or christening. Originally, the purpose of the chrisom-cloth was to keep the chrism, a consecrated oil, from accidentally rubbing off. With time, the word's meaning changed, to that of a white mantle thrown over the whole infant at the time of baptism. The term has come to refer to a child who died within a month after its baptism—so called for the chrisom cloth that was used as a shroud for it. Additionally, in London's bills of mortality, the term chrisom was used to refer to infants who died within a month after being born.
# Betrayal (disambiguation)

Betrayal is violation of trust.
Betrayal or Betrayer may also refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Films

* Betrayal (1929 film), a drama film
* Betrayal (1932 film), a British crime film
* Betrayal (1974 film), an ABC Movie of the Week starring Amanda Blake and Tisha Sterling
* Betrayal (1978 film), an NBC telemovie starring Lesley Ann Warren and Rip Torn
* Betrayal (1981 film), Norwegian film by Haakon Gundersen
* Betrayal (1983 film), adaptation of Pinter's play directed by David Jones
* Betrayal (1993 film), Romanian film
* Betrayal (2003 film), by Jeffrey Goldenberg and Courtney Joyner
* Betrayal (2009 film), Norwegian film
* Betrayal (2012 film), a Russian film
* The Betrayal (1948 film), an American race film
* The Betrayal (1957 film), a British war film
* The Betrayal – Nerakhoon, by Ellen Kuras and Thavisouk Phrasavath

### Games

* Betrayer (video game)
* Betrayal at House on the Hill, a board game by Avalon Hill
* God of War: Betrayal, a 2007 mobile game
* "The Betrayer", the nickname of the Warcraft character Illidan Stormrage
* WWF Betrayal, a 2001 World Wrestling Entertainment video game for the Game Boy Color

### Literature

* Betrayal: The Final Act of the Trump Show, by Jonathan Karl (2021)
* Betrayal (Gertz book), full title: Betrayal: How the Clinton Administration Undermined American Security, by Bill Gertz
* Betrayal (Star Wars novel), a 2006 novel by Aaron Allston
* Betrayal (McIntosh novel), the first fantasy novel in the Trinity series published in 2001
* Betrayal (Star Trek novel), a 1994 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine novel written by Lois Tilton
* Betrayal (Steel novel), a 2012 novel by Danielle Steel
* Betrayal, in the Dragonlance realm, by Jean Rabe
* Traitors to All or Betrayal, a 1966 novel by Giorgio Scerbanenco
* Betrayal: Whitey Bulger and the FBI Agent Who Fought to Bring Him Down, a 2012 book by Robert Fitzpatrick
* Betrayer (novel), a 2011 novel set in C. J. Cherryh's Foreigner universe
* The Betrayal (Dunmore novel), a 2010 novel by Helen Dunmore
* The Betrayal (Hartley novel), a 1966 novel by L. P. Hartley
* The Betrayal, a 1964 novel by Henry Kreisel

### Music

* Betrayal, a 1993 album by Muslimgauze
* "Betrayal", a 1983 song by Secession
* "Betrayal", a 1980 song by Jah Wobble, from The Legend Lives On... Jah Wobble in "Betrayal"
* "The Betrayal (Act III)" and "The Betrayal (Act I)", songs by Nickelback from the album Feed the Machine, 2017

### Theatre

* Betrayal (play), a 1978 work by Harold Pinter

### Television

* Betrayal (TV series), a 2013 American drama series
* The Betrayal (2022 TV series), a Thai drama series

#### Episodes

* "Betrayal" (Arrow)
* "Betrayal" (Batman Beyond)
* "Betrayal" (Charlie Jade)
* "Betrayal" (Devious Maids)
* "Betrayal" (The Following)
* "Betrayal" (Lincoln Heights)
* "Betrayal" (Revenge)
* "The Betrayal", an episode of Seinfeld

## Other uses

* Western betrayal, the Western powers seeming abandonment of Central European nations to Hitler and Stalin from 1931 to 1945
# Jakob Pöschl

Jakob Pöschl (25 February 1828 in Vienna – 6 January 1907 in Graz) was an Austrian physicist and university teacher.

## Biography

After graduating from Gymnasium Pöschl studied philosophy for two years at the University of Vienna. From 1846 to 1851 he studied at the Vienna Polytechnic Institute. He obtained permission to teach in Realschulen in mathematics and physics. From 1851 onwards he worked as a teacher, first in Vienna and later in Brno. In 1855 Pöschl was appointed first professor for experimental and technical physics at the Joanneum in Graz. In 1871–72 he was rector of the university. Pöschl retired in 1887 and was succeeded by Albert von Ettingshausen. Pöschl passed away in his house located at Klosterwiesgasse 19 after a long period of suffering on 6 January 1907. He was buried at the Graz St. Peter cemetery.
Jakob Pöschl married Magdalena, née Nömayer (born 1849, alternative spellings: Nömeyer or Nomayr) in 1870 in the Graz Parish Church. The Pöschls had five children, three of them being scientists and working at universities as well: Son Arnold (born 1880) was a professor of canon law and rector of the University of Graz, Theodor (born 1882) was a mathematician and engineer in Karlsruhe, and Viktor (born 1884) was a chemist and rector of the Handelshochschule Mannheim. Historic sources state that son Fritz Pöschl studied medicine and daughter Maria married Dr. Karl Schadelbauer, a spa physician, on 16 April 1901. The German-Austrian classical philologist Viktor Pöschl was a grandson of Jakob Pöschl.

## Work

Jakob Pöschl is most known for his role as a university teacher. His most prominent student in Graz was Nikola Tesla, whose 1919 autobiography My Inventions mentions Pöschl's demonstration of a Gramme electric generator as an inspiration in his development of an Induction motor. Pöschl's role in Tesla's university education is documented by the local press as early as in 1892–1893 (whereas to current knowledge and in contrast to that early sources Tesla never finished his studies in Graz). Pöschl repeatedly donated scholarships and prizes which were – together with other grants – awarded during the annual celebration of the founding of the Joanneum on 26 November.
# Chenango, Texas

Chenango is an unincorporated community in Brazoria County, Texas, United States. It is a part of the Greater Houston metropolitan area.

## History

The older town of Chenango, New York, is the namesake for this community. It was centered on Chenango Plantation, a 1,300-acre plantation carved out of the William Harris Survey during the 19th century. S. Richardson and Joshua Abbott added about 3,000 acres to the plantation. In 1835 (circa) Benjamin Fort Smith bought a portion of the 3,000 acres, along with Monroe Edwards and Christopher Dart, who converted the cotton production of the plantation to sugarcane. Monroe Edwards and Christopher Dart also used the plantation for slave smuggling to Texas from Cuba. It was known as "Parker's Point" in the 1840s when James Love and Albert T. Burnley became partners in the plantation. An officer of the Eighth Texas Cavalry Terry's Texas Rangers, Captain Sharpe, owned the plantation later. A post office was opened in Chenango in 1869 and closed in 1871, reopened in 1877, and closed after 1930. There were 40 residents in 1884, which became a station on the railroad. Its population went down by 10 residents but had two general stores in operation. It also had a cotton gin in 1914. It had 100 residents and four businesses in 1929. Two businesses closed and lost half of its population a decade later. It had 20 registered voters that next year. There was only one business in 1947. After 1950, though some oil production began and Chenango Plantation raised cattle and grew feed, the census no longer listed it.

## Geography

Chenango is located in Brazoria County at the intersection of State Highway 521 and the International & Great Northern Railroad, seven miles north of Angleton.

## Education

In 1906, Chenango had a white school with two teachers and twenty pupils. It also had a black school with 180 pupils and five teachers. By 1947, the white children attended school in the Angleton Independent School District while the black children continued to attend school in Chenango. Today, the community continues to be served by the Angleton ISD. Children in the area attend Rancho Isabella Elementary School, Angleton Junior High School, and Angleton High School in Angleton.

## Notable person

* Clarence Sasser, Medal of Honor recipient
# 2019 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship

The 2019 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship – known as the Liberty Insurance Camogie Championship for sponsorship reasons – is the premier inter-county competition of the 2019 camogie season.
The winners receive the O'Duffy Cup. The championship began on 15 June. It was won by Galway, who defeated Kilkenny in the final.

## Teams

Eleven county teams compete in the Senior Championship. 19 lower-ranked county teams compete in the Intermediate and Junior Championships.

## Format

Group stage
The eleven teams are drawn into two groups of five and six. Each team plays each other team in its group once. Three points are awarded for a win and one for a draw.
Knock-out stage
* The two group runners-up and the two third-placed teams play in two quarter-finals.
* The two group winners and the two quarter-final winners play in two semi-finals.
* The semi-final winners contest the 2019 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
Relegation
* The two teams that finish last in their group play each other in a relegation playoff; the losers are relegated to the All-Ireland Intermediate Camogie Championship for 2020.

## Group stage

Key to colours :
* Advance to semi-finals
* Advance to quarter-finals
* Relegation playoff
Group games took place 15 June – 24 July 2019.

### Group 1

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | Diff | Pts |
| Kilkenny | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | +74 | 12 |
| Galway | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | +51 | 9 |
| Limerick | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | –12 | 6 |
| Offaly | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | –28 | 3 |
| Wexford | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | –85 | 0 |

### Group 2

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | Diff | Pts |
| Cork | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | +83 | 15 |
| Tipperary | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | +5 | 12 |
| Waterford | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | +11 | 9 |
| Dublin | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | –21 | 4 |
| Clare | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | –30 | 4 |
| Meath | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | –48 | 0 |

### Relegation playoff

Meath are relegated to the All-Ireland Intermediate Camogie Championship for 2020.

## Knock-out stage
### Final

* RTÉ 2 Sky Sports
* 8 September 2019 16:15 IST Final
* Report
| Kilkenny | 0-17 (17) – (23) 3-14 | Galway |
| (HT: 0-10 – 3-07) |||
| Pts: Michelle Quilty 8 (7f), Denise Gaule 3 (1f), Anne Dalton 2 (1f), Miriam Walsh 1, Davina Tobin 1, Anna Farrell 1, Aoife Doyle 1 | | Gls: Ailish O'Reilly 2, Niamh Hannify 1 Pts: Carrie Dolan 6 (5f, 1 '45), Niamh Kilkenny 4, Sarah Healy 1, Catherine Finnerty 1, Sarah Spellman 1, Noreen Coen 1 |
* Croke Park, Dublin Referee: Ray Kelly (Kildare) Attendance: 24,730
# 382nd

382nd or 382d may refer to:
* 382d Bombardment Group, inactive United States Air Force unit
* 382d Bombardment Squadron, unit of the Maine Air National Guard 101st Air Refueling Wing located at Bangor Air National Guard Base, Bangor, Maine
* 382d Fighter Squadron or 62d Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron, provisional United States Air Force unit
* 382nd Infantry Regiment (United States), infantry regiment in the United States Army
# Coluzea madagascarensis

Coluzea madagascarensis is a species of large sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Columbariidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 77 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Madagascar.
# Jeesiö

Jeesiö (Finnish pronunciation:) is a rural village in the Sodankylä municipality in Lapland, Finland. It is located along the Highway 80, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the town centre towards Kittilä. About 130 residents live in the village's postal code area. There are still buildings left in the village from the early 20th century, as the village was not burned in the Lapland War by Germans, possibly due to poor transport connections.
The Kaarestunturi fell is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of Jeesiö and a gravel road called Jeesiönratsutie leads there.
# Bessieres Island

Bessieres Island is a small island off the Pilbara coast of north-west Australia. It is uninhabited, however it does contain a lighthouse.
The most recent total Solar eclipse visible from Western Australia could be seen from Bessieres Island, on April 20, 2023.
The Bessieres Island Nature Reserve was declared in 2000 and has a size of 55 hectares (140 acres).
# Country Foods

Country Foods is Belize's main supplier of eggs. It is located in the heart of Spanish Lookout. Country Foods has eight delivery trucks, delivering eggs, rice, beans, corn and maseca countrywide.

## History

In 1958 the Mennonites moved to Belize from Mexico, searching a country of freedom. Not long after that, they started raising hens and marketing eggs countrywide. At first they sold the eggs at Farmers Trading Center but in 1997 they split up and started a separate company, Country Foods.
In 2014 the disease locally referred to as AI (Avian Influenza) invaded the country and thousands of hens were infected and subsequently slaughtered, raising the egg prices to all time highs.
On a windy day at 15:00 on February 10, 2016, an employee lit the trash near the building. The flames rose high into the air and the breeze carried sparks into the building alighting on paper trays, igniting a huge flame. The Spanish Lookout Fire Department and BNE water trucks battled the flames until nightfall. By the time the fire was contained the entire warehouse and its contents had been burnt and destroyed.
# Holzberger

Holzberger is a German language habitational surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Jordyn Holzberger (born 1993), Australian field hockey player
* Martin Holzberger (born 1968), officer of the Royal Australian Navy
# Iman FM

Iman FM (103.1 MHz) was a British community radio station based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Broadcast from a transmitter site at Wincobank, to the east of the city of Sheffield, its programming was primarily religious in nature and focused on the Muslim community. It was the first community radio station in the United Kingdom to have its broadcasting licence revoked after broadcasting a number of lectures by radical cleric and al-Qaeda extremist Anwar al-Awlaki.

## History

Iman FM launched in September 2014, using the Sheffield-based FM frequency previously occupied by Burngreave Community Radio, a local station which broadcast between 2008 and 2011. It was operated by a religious group, Institute of Media, Arts and Naats.

### Anwar al-Awlaki incident

The station came to the attention of media regulator Ofcom in July 2017 after a listener complained of hearing several hours of lectures by Anwar al-Awlaki during the month of Ramadan, leading Ofcom to take the unusual step of suspending the station's licence to broadcast for a period of three weeks from 4 July 2017, pending investigation.
Ofcom's subsequent investigation revealed that Iman FM had broadcast over 25 hours of material featuring al-Awlaki, in place of the station's usual morning programming during Ramadan. The regulator found that the broadcast content included "a direct call to action to members of the Muslim community to prepare for and carry out violent action against non-Muslim people" and "statements clearly condoning and encouraging acts of crime, terrorism or violent behaviour".
Responding to Ofcom, the operators of Iman FM said that they were unaware of the background of al-Awlaki, that they had obtained the "freely available" lectures from YouTube to replace scheduled morning programming, that they believed the content consisted of uncontroversial historical descriptions of the life of the Prophet Muhammad, and that monitoring of output had not been performed as management were "probably catching up on sleep" during early mornings in the month of Ramadan. After being made aware, Iman FM said that they had removed the lectures from broadcast immediately and transmitted an on-air apology.
As a result of the investigation, on 26 July 2017, the station's licence, which had not been reinstated following its temporary suspension, was permanently revoked, with Ofcom stating that Iman Media UK Ltd was "unfit to hold a licence". As of April 2023, the 103.1 MHz frequency in the Sheffield area remains unoccupied.
# Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association Building

The Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association Building is an historic building in Chinatown Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
# John Jervis

John Jervis may refer to:
* John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (1735–1823), Royal Navy admiral
* Sir John Jervis (judge) (1802–1856), British politician, Solicitor General, Attorney General and Privy Counsellor
* John Jervis (MP for Horsham) (1826-?), British MP for Horsham
* John B. Jervis (1795–1885), American civil engineer
# Jeff Louder

Jeff Louder (born December 8, 1977) is an American former professional road racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2000 and 2014 for the Landbouwkrediet–Colnago, Navigators Insurance, BMC Racing Team and UnitedHealthcare teams. Originally from Salt Lake City, Utah, Louder won the 2008 Tour of Utah, and took part in the 2010 Giro d'Italia. At the 2014 Tour of Utah Louder announced that he would be retiring from the sport at the end of the season.

## Major results
### 2003

    8th, Grand Prix Pino Cerami

### 2004

    2nd, Overall, Cascade Cycling Classic
    3rd, Overall, Tour of Qinghai Lake
       1st, Stage 2

### 2005

    2nd, National Time Trial Championships
    3rd, Overall, Cascade Cycling Classic
    3rd, Overall, Tour de Beauce
       1st, Mountains classification

### 2006

    2nd, Overall, Cascade Cycling Classic
    3rd, Overall, Tour of Utah
    4th, Overall, Tour de Taiwan

### 2007

    1st, Mountains classification, Tour of Missouri
    1st, Stage 5, Cascade Cycling Classic
    7th, Overall, Tour de Georgia

### 2008

    1st, Overall, Tour of Utah
       1st, Stage 4
    1st, Stage 2, Redlands Bicycle Classic
    2nd, Overall, Cascade Cycling Classic
       1st, Stage 4

### 2009

    1st, Overall, Redlands Bicycle Classic
       1st, Stage 1
    3rd, Overall, Cascade Cycling Classic
    3rd, Overall, Tour of Utah
    3rd, National Road Race Championships

### 2010

    1st, Stage 4, Tour of Utah

### 2011

    10th, Overall, Tour of Utah

### 2012

    6th, Tour of the Battenkill