OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Whyte (pastoralist)

John Whyte (1826 – 16 February 1902) was a pastoralist and businessman in the early years of South Australia. He was born in Kinross, Scotland. He was a partner with James Counsell in the grocery wholesaler and Murray paddle steamer firm Whyte, Counsell & Co. (until 1884) as well as owner of significant sheep runs. He married the widow Louisa Heath, a sister of James Counsell, on 18 May 1854.

## Early life

Whyte was born in Kinross in 1826. one of his schoolteachers was a nephew of Robert Burns, the Scottish poet, and schoolmates included Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman who later became Prime Minister of Great Britain. He served an apprenticeship in Dunfermline as a draper and milliner then opened his own shop in Galway, Ireland. His brother William Whyte had migrated to the Victorian gold rush, and John Whyte migrated to Adelaide in 1853, his first employment being in Louisa Heath's drapery in Hindley Street, Adelaide.

## Whyte, Counsell & Co.

Whyte, Counsell & Co. were wholesale grocers and shipowners. James Counsell (Louisa Heath's brother), John and William Whyte established the grocery firm of Whyte, Counsell and Co. In 1864 they built a large building in Currie Street, Adelaide. They also owned several Murray River steamers which were loaded with goods from their warehouse and sold along the Murray-Darling river system.
Whyte withdrew from the partnership in 1884, taking a share of the paddle steamers and the Currie Street property.

## Pastoralist

While still a partner in Whyte, Counsell and Co, Whyte had also become involved as a pastoralist, taking up or purchasing several runs in the Murray Mallee region south of the Murray River. He also then purchased runs in the Mid North and Far North of South Australia. Some of the pastoral leases he acquired had previously been stocked with cattle, but Whyte restocked them with sheep.
In 1877, Whyte had held a total of 21 pastoral leases covering a total of 3,343 square miles (8,660 km$^2$) (not all at the same time). He grazed up to 61,783 sheep in addition to some cattle. The town of Whyte Yarcowie is named in part in honour of John Whyte.

## Paddle steamers

In 1890 he was owner of Decoy, Tolarno, Saddler and South Australian, and at the time of his death in 1902 he was the owner of Menindie and Saddler.
# Cooperative School

Cooperative School, or variant, may refer to:
* cooperative school, a type of school in the UK
* Cooperative High School, New Haven, Connecticut, US
* Paris Cooperative High School, Paris, Illinois, US
* Majuro Cooperative School, Majuro, Marshall Islands
* Cochabamba Cooperative School, Cochabamba, Bolivia
* American Cooperative School (disambiguation)
* Co-operative University (disambiguation)
# Cophixalus zweifeli

Cophixalus zweifeli is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to northern Queensland, Australia, and only known from the area of its type locality in the Cape Melville National Park. The species was named to honour American herpetologist Richard G. Zweifel. Common name Zweifel's frog has been coined for it. It is one of the five northeast Australian Cophixalus species that are specialized in boulder field habitats.

## Description

Adult males measure 36–38 mm (1.4–1.5 in) and adult females 40–49 mm (1.6–1.9 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is elongated, truncated in dorsal view and straight, slightly projecting laterally. The tympanum is large but obscured dorsally. Fingers II–IV have greatly enlarged, truncated discs. The toe discs are also enlarged but smaller than those of the fingers. The dorsum is tan with some darker brown spots. A dark canthal stripe runs from the tip of the snout to slightly beyond the tympanum.
The male advertisement call is a single high-pitched "yelp" composed of hundreds of fine pulses.

## Habitat and conservation

Cophixalus zweifeli live in boulder fields amongst and adjacent to rainforest. They are nocturnal. Males call from boulders on the ground. The types were found in a boulder field near a creek, at the base of rocks and on a rock in a creek at 40–80 m (130–260 ft) above sea level. Cophixalus zweifeli is sympatric with Cophixalus petrophilus, but the latter is restricted to boulder fields largely devoid of vegetation, whereas the former is associated with boulders under or near rainforest.
In the past, logging was a threat to this species. At present, a more likely threat is habitat degradation caused by increased visitation to the Cape Melville National Park.
# Cornufer guentheri

Cornufer guentheri, commonly known as the Solomon Island leaf frog, Solomon Island eyelash frog and Gunther's triangle frog, is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. This frog can be found throughout the Solomon Islands archipelago (both in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville of Papua New Guinea and in the Solomon Islands, an independent state), except for San Cristobal. Scientists have seen it between 0 and 830 meters above sea level.
Cornufer guentheri is abundant throughout the Solomon Islands where it can be found on the forest floor in tropical rain forests; it can also live in secondary forests, rural gardens, and in other modified habitats. They average about 7.6–10 cm (3–4 in) in length, with females being larger than the males. Their cryptic coloration and dorsal patterns aid in their camouflage—often mimicking decaying leaf matter—giving rise to the common name of "leaf frog". They are an interesting example of a species that undergoes direct development—there is no free-living tadpole stage; instead, the juvenile emerges from the egg as a fully developed froglet. Eggs are laid in small hollows at the base of trees. They grow rapidly from a 3 mm (1⁄8 in) long froglet on a diet of tiny insects until they can take the adult diet of insects, arthropods, smaller amphibians and small reptiles. They are ambush predators, pouncing quickly on any prey animals that happen to wander within their reach – including their own species.
# Cornufer cheesmanae

Cornufer cheesmanae is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to New Guinea and found in the Cyclops Mountains (Papua, Indonesia) and Bewani Mountains (Papua New Guinea). The specific name cheesmanae honors Lucy Evelyn Cheesman, an English entomologist, explorer, and curator at London Zoo. Common name Cheesman's wrinkled ground frog has been coined for it.

## Description

Cornufer cheesmanae is the smallest species of its genus in New Guinea: adult males can grow to 23 mm (0.9 in) and adult females to 27 mm (1.1 in) in snout–vent length. It is morphologically similar to Cornufer wuenscheorum, but is even smaller. The first finger is shorter than second one. The inner metatarsal tubercle is relatively shorter in Cornufer cheesmanae. The male advertisement call consists of a single note, instead of double notes as in Cornufer wuenscheorum. The dominant frequency is about 3300 Hz. Call series can last tens of seconds, during which the emission rate increases.

## Habitat and conservation

Little is known about this inhabitant of hilly tropical rainforests. The type series from the Cyclops Range was collected at 910–1,220 m (3,000–4,000 ft) above sea level, whereas the Bewani Mountains record is from 210 m (690 ft) above sea level. The eggs are laid on the ground and development is direct, without free-living tadpole stage.
The threats to Cornufer cheesmanae are unknown. Its range includes Cyclops Mountains Nature Reserve, but fires and illegal removal of vegetation are encroaching on this habitat.
# Corinne A. Beckwith

Corinne Ann Beckwith (born April 3, 1963) is an associate judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, the highest appellate court for the District of Columbia. She spent her legal career as a public defender before being nominated to the bench by President Barack Obama in 2011.

## Biography

Beckwith grew up in Michigan, where she attended public schools in Grand Rapids and received a B.A. with honors in English from Kalamazoo College in 1985. She was the first person in her family to graduate from college.
After college, Beckwith went into journalism, earning an M.A. from the University of Illinois in 1987 and working as a reporter for the Midland Daily News. In 1989, she entered law school at the University of Michigan. She served as editor-in-chief of the Michigan Law Review and graduated with a J.D. in 1992. She then clerked for Judge Richard Dickson Cudahy of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and Justice John Paul Stevens of the United States Supreme Court before beginning a career in appellate public defense in Michigan and then, beginning in 1999, at the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia.
On March 31, 2011, President Barack Obama nominated Beckwith to serve as an associate judge on the D.C. Court of Appeals. On November 18, 2011, the United States Senate confirmed her nomination by voice vote.
# Corapi

Corapi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Francesco Corapi (born 1985), Italian footballer
* John Corapi (born 1947), American Roman Catholic priest
# Cordulegaster dorsalis

Cordulegaster dorsalis (Pacific spiketail) is a dragonfly in the family Cordulegastridae.
# Johnny Hott

Johnny Hott is the former drummer for the House of Freaks, a musical duo with singer/guitarist Bryan Harvey. He was also one of three drummers for the band Cracker. He has also played drums for indie supergroup Gutterball and drums and keyboards for Sparklehorse. Hott remains an active musician and lives in Richmond, Virginia.
# Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government

The Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government (Chinese: 民主政制促進聯委會, abbreviated 民促會; JGPDG) was an umbrella organisation representing various groups of the pro-democracy movement in Hong Kong. It was established on 27 October 1986 by 190 groups and led by the prominent pro-democracy figures Szeto Wah and Martin Lee, two members in the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee (BLDC), pushing for a faster pace of democratisation in the drafting of the Basic Law of Hong Kong.
For the transition period up to 1997, the committee demanded direct election in the 1988 Legislative Council, a "through train" arrangement for letting Legislative Council members elected in 1995 automatically becoming the members of the first legislature in the SAR government after 1997. They also demanded the Chief Executive to be elected by universal suffrage.
The committee formed the backbone of today's pro-democracy camp as many of its key members formed the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China during the Tiananmen protests of 1989 and the United Democrats of Hong Kong (later transformed into Democratic Party) for the first direct election in 1991.

## Members

Source:
# Joint Committee on the Draft Parliamentary Buildings Bill

The Joint Committee on the Draft Parliamentary Buildings Bill is a joint select committee of the House of Commons and House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The committee was established in 2018 with a remit to consider the Draft Parliamentary Buildings Bill. They are due to report on 28 March 2019.

## Membership

As of 17 March 2019, the members of the committee are as follows:
| Member | Party | Constituency |
| Rt. Hon. Dame Caroline Spelman PC DBE MP (Chair) | Conservative | Meriden |
| Rt. Hon. Baron Blunkett PC | Labour | N/A |
| Rt. Hon. Baron Brabazon of Tara PC DL | Conservative | N/A |
| Baroness Byford DBE DL | Conservative | N/A |
| Neil Gray MP | SNP | Airdrie and Shotts |
| Meg Hillier MP | Labour | Hackney South and Shoreditch |
| Rt. Hon. David Jones MP | Conservative | Clwyd West |
| Rt. Hon. Sir Edward Leigh MP | Conservative | Gainsborough |
| Rt. Hon. Baroness Prashar CBE PC | Crossbench | N/A |
| Rt. Hon. Baron Stunell OBE PC | Liberal Democrats | N/A |
| Rt. Hon. Mark Tami PC MP | Labour | Alyn and Deeside |
| Baroness Warwick of Undercliffe | Labour | N/A |
# Jordi Amat (author)

Jordi Amat Fusté (born 1978, Barcelona) is a Spanish essayist, philologist, editor and cultural critic, expert in the 20th-century intellectual history of Catalonia and the rest of Spain. He writes in both the Catalan and Spanish languages.

## Works
### Author

* Luis Cernuda. Fuerza de soledad i Las voces del diálogo. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 2002.
* Las voces del diálogo. Poesía y política en el medio siglo. Barcelona: Península, 2007 (Premi d'Assaig Casa de América). ISBN 8483077647.
* Dionisio Ridruejo: Casi unas memorias. Edició de Jordi Amat. Barcelona: Península, 2012.
* Roc Boronat, el republicà que va fundar el Sindicat de Cecs. Amb Betsabé Garcia. Barcelona: Pòrtic, 2008. ISBN 8498090385.
* Els Coloquios Cataluña-Castilla (1964-1971). Debat sobre el model territorial de l'Espanya democràtica. Barcelona: PAM, 2010.
* Els laberints de la llibertat: Vida de Ramon Trias Fargas. Barcelona: La Magrana, 2009 (Premi Gaziel de Biografies i Memòries). ISBN 8498674182.
* Querido amigo, estimado maestro: cartas a Guillermo Díaz-Plaja (1929-1984). Jordi Amat, Blanca Bravo Cela, Ana Díaz-Plaja Taboada (eds.). Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. ISBN 8447533867.
* El llarg procés: cultura i política a la Catalunya contemporània 1937-2014. Barcelona: Tusquets, 2015. ISBN 9788490660478.
* Un país a l'ombra. Vida de Josep Maria Vilaseca Marcet (1919-1995). Barcelona: L'Avenç, 2015. ISBN 978-84-88839-88-6.
* La primavera de Múnich. Esperanza y fracaso de una transición democrática. Barcelona: Tusquets, 2016.
* Com una pàtria. Vida de Josep Benet. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2017. ISBN 9788429775549.
* La confabulació dels irresponsables. Barcelona: Anagrama, 2017.
* La conjura de los irresponsables. Barcelona: Anagrama, 2017.
* Largo proceso, amargo sueño. Cultura y política en la Cataluña contemporánea. Barcelona: Tusquets, 2018.
* El fill del xofer. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2020.
* El hijo del chofer. Barcelona: Tusquets, 2020.

### Coauthor

* Amat, Jordi; Garcia, Betsabé (2008). Roc Boronat. El republicà que va fundar el Sindicat de Cecs de Catalunya. Barcelona: Pòrtic.

### Editor

* Ridruejo, Dionisio (2017). Casi unas memorias. Barcelona: Península.
# Acleris dentata

Acleris dentata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Japan (Honshu).
The wingspan is 18–22 mm.
The larvae feed on Tilia japonica.
# 1911–12 Maltese Premier League

The 1911–12 Maltese First Division was the second edition Maltese First Division. It was contested between five teams, each playing a match against the other teams; Floriana were able to defend their title won in the first edition.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Floriana (C) | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | +7 | 8 |
| 2 | Ħamrun Spartans | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | +1 | 4 |
| 3 | St. George's | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 3 |
| 4 | Valletta United | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | −2 | 3 |
| 5 | Sliema Wanderers | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | −5 | 2 |

## Results

| Home \ Away | FLO | ĦAM | SLI | STG | VAL |
| Floriana | — | 2–0 | 3–0 | 1–0 | 1–0 |
| Ħamrun Spartans | | — | 1–1 | 0–0 | 3–0 |
| Sliema Wanderers | | | — | 0–2 | 0–0 |
| St. George's | | | | — | 0–2 |
| Valletta United | | | | | — |
# Africotriton fictilis

Africotriton fictilis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 21 mm.
(Original description in Latin) The solid, ovate shell has a gray color. The whorls are rounded with longitudinal, obliquely folded ribs and narrow transverse striae. The spirals barely extend beyond the aperture, which is polished, deep, and smoothed with a contracted callous opening.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Agulhas Bank, South Africa.
# Kurt Birkins

Kurt Daniel Birkins (born August 11, 1980) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) player who pitched for the Baltimore Orioles (2006-2007) and Tampa Bay Rays (2008).

## High school/college

Birkins attended El Camino Real high school in Woodland Hills, California. He played baseball for the Conquistadors and helped them win back-to-back LA City Championships in 1997 and 1998. He was named MVP of the 1998 championship game after throwing a 10 inning complete game, striking out 12, and hitting the go ahead 2-run double.
Birkins pitched for the UCLA Bruins in 1999 and led the staff in ERA, but decided to step away after the season due to burn out. During his time away from school, he volunteered as an assistant coach for his alma mater. That June, Birkins was selected in the 33rd round (984th overall) by the Baltimore Orioles. El Camino Real's senior infielder Conor Jackson was drafted in the 31st round (936th overall) by the Cleveland Indians which meant a player and coach from the same high school were drafted on the same day, and both went on to play in the Major Leagues.
In the fall of 2000, Birkins enrolled at Los Angeles Pierce College and was rated by Baseball America as the #1 Junior College draft prospect in the country. Birkins signed with the Baltimore Orioles prior to the 2001 draft as they held his rights from the previous year as a "draft-and-follow" prospect.

## MLB career

Birkins made his Major League debut on May 4, 2006, against the Texas Rangers throwing 2.1 scoreless innings in relief. He struck out Mark Texiera to record his first Major League strikeout. He picked up his first Major League victory on May 28, 2006, against the Anaheim Angels. Birkins retired all four batters he faced including two strikeouts.
After the 2007 season, Birkins was claimed off waivers by the Tampa Bay Rays. He was a member of the 2008 Tampa Bay Rays which won the franchise's first American League pennant.
He signed a minor league contract with the Colorado Rockies in February 2009 and pitched for the AAA Colorado Springs SkySox in 2009 and 2010. After conclusion of the 2010 season, Birkins retired from professional baseball.

## Personal

After his baseball career, Birkins enrolled at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro and graduated summa cum laude. He is currently the Assistant Executive Director at the ABCA and resides in Winston-Salem, North Carolina with his wife Ashley and their two daughters.
# Alvestad

Alvestad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anton Ludvig Alvestad (1883–1956), Norwegian politician and government minister
* Olaus Alvestad (1866–1903), Norwegian educator and newspaper editor
* Per Olav Alvestad, Norwegian television host
# 1874 in Belgium

Events in the year 1874 in Belgium.

## Incumbents

    Monarch: Leopold II
    Head of government: Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (to 21 August); Jules Malou (from 21 August)

## Events

* 20 January – Royal decree providing for subsidies to the dramatic arts.
* 19 March – Extradition treaty with the United States of America.
* 25 May – Provincial elections
* 1 June – Service starts on Brussels–Charleroi railway line. Nivelles railway station inaugurated.
* 9 June – Partial legislative elections of 1874
* 21 August – Prime Minister Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt dies in office; succeeded by Jules Malou
* 2 September – Convention with The Netherlands for improvements to the Ghent–Terneuzen Canal signed in Brussels.
* 10 September – Postal convention with Peru signed in Brussels.
* 24 December – Extradition treaty with the German Empire, replacing earlier treaties with individual German states.

## Publications

* Pasinomie: collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, arrêtés et règlements généraux qui peuvent être invoqués en Belgique. 1874. (Brussels).
* Émile de Laveleye, De la Proprieté et de ses Formes Primitives
* Eugène Van Bemmel, Patria Belgica: Encyclopédie nationale, vol. 2 (Brussels, Bruylant-Christophe & Cie., 1874)

## Art and architecture
### Paintings

* Jean-François Portaels, Juive de Tanger

## Births

* 13 January – Jozef-Ernest van Roey, archbishop (died 1961)
* 26 February – Gaston-Antoine Rasneur, bishop (died 1939)
* 19 April – Firmin Baes, painter (died 1943)

## Deaths

* 17 February – Adolphe Quetelet (born 1796), mathematician
* 23 May – Sylvain Van de Weyer (born 1802), politician
* 4 July – Hippolyte Boulenger (born 1837), painter
* 21 August – Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (born 1794)
* 6 December – Gustaf Wappers (born 1803), painter
# Eastern Illinois Railroad

The Eastern Illinois Railroad (EIRC) was a Class III, 53-mile shortline railroad that ran from Neoga, Illinois, to Metcalf, Illinois, on former Toledo, St. Louis and Western Railroad trackage, with headquarters in Charleston, Illinois. The railroad hauled grain and lumber. There were 4 locomotives in operation on the EIRC when operations ceased, two they owned and two that were leased. They were an EMD GP9 and GP10, along with their prized pair of GP38-2 locomotives leased from ILSX and Wells Fargo. The president of EIRC was Everett Fletcher.
In 2019, Watco's Decatur & Eastern Illinois Railroad filed in intent to acquire EIRC. According to the senior counsel for ADM (company), a majority shareholder of NRG Inc. (which owned EIRC), EIRC ceased rail switching and terminal operations December 31, 2019, and ceased being a covered employer under the Railroad Retirement and Railroad Unemployment Insurance Acts on March 1, 2020.
# 1869 Ecuadorian constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Ecuador on 1 July 1869 to ratify or reject the constitution drafted by the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly elected earlier in 1869. The country's eighth constitution, known as the Black Charter, was approved by 13,640 of the 14,154 voters.
After the referendum the new National Constituent Assembly met in Quito and enacted the Constitution on 11 August 1869.

## Background

In 1869 Gabriel García Moreno, a conservative, intensely devout Catholic, promulgated a more authoritarian constitution, referred to as the Garciana constitution or Carta Negra (the Black Charter), which extended the presidential term to six years and gave the president almost unlimited powers. It provided for a bicameral parliament, and introduced a religious factor into politics by making membership of the Roman Catholic Church a requisite for citizenship, with other requirements being at least twenty-one years of age, married and literate.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 13,640 | 96.37 |
| Against | Against | 514 | 3.63 |
| Total | Total | 14,154 | 100.00 |
# Amauropelta semilunata

Amauropelta semilunata, synonym Thelypteris semilunata, is a species of fern in the family Thelypteridaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
# Amax Engineering

Amax Engineering was an Australian aircraft manufacturer based in Donvale, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne. When it was in business, the company specialized in the design and manufacture of kit aircraft for amateur construction. The company designed and supplied kits and plans for both fixed-wing aircraft and autogyros.
# 1887 in Costa Rica

Events in the year 1887 in Costa Rica.

## Incumbents

* President: Bernardo Soto Alfaro

## Births

* September 13 - Rodriguez Garcia-Uriza

## Deaths

* June 15 - Miguel Mora Porras
* September 26 - José María Montealegre
* October 17 - Rafael García-Escalante Nava
# 1882 Wentworth colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wentworth on 23 January 1882 because of the resignation of William Brodribb to accept an appointment to the Legislative Council.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 29 December 1881 | William Brodribb resigned, and summoned to the Legislative Council. |
| 29 December 1881 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 13 January 1882 | Nominations |
| 23 January 1882 | Polling day |
| 6 February 1882 | Return of writ |

## Result

1882 Wentworth by-election Monday 23 January :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Edward Quin (elected) | Edward Quin (elected) | 216 | 50.7 |
| Evan Evans | Evan Evans | 210 | 49.3 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 426 | 100.0 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | 0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | 426 | 22.4 |