OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Devon Commission

The Devon Commission (officially 'Commission on Occupation of Land (Ireland)') was a commission that was appointed by Sir Robert Peel to research the problems with land leases. It was formed by a queen's proclamation issued 20 November 1843 and reported 14 February 1845. This was a positive step for the government as it made the Irish believe that reform would come soon afterwards. This was the first time that a British government had taken a step towards reforming the unfair leases.
The Devon Commission was headed by William Courtney, the 10th Earl of Devon, and it reported in 1845 that the population of Ireland had increased from 6 million people to close on 8 million people. Similarly they concluded that the leases were unfair and were favourable to the landowners (who were usually Anglo-Irish). The majority of Irish tenants had no form of protection, they could be, and often were, summarily evicted. They also had no claim to the Ulster Custom of landholding - this would have granted tenants the "3F's": Free sale, fixity of tenure, and fair rent. The Devon Commission had wide reaching consequences and though too late to prevent the famine, it did galvanize change afterwards.
# Adeiso

Adeiso is capital of the Upper West Akim district of the Eastern Region of Ghana.

## Location

Adeiso is located just north of the southern border of the Eastern Region. Nsawam, capital of the Nsawam Adoagyire municipal district is located to the east. To the northwest is Asamankese, capital of the West Akim Municipal District and to the west are Akroso. To the southwest is Bawjiase in the Assin North District of the Central Region and to the south east, Amasaman, capital of the Ga West Municipal District in the Greater Accra Region.

## Transport

The Inter-Regional Highway 1 which runs from Mankessim in the Central Region, passes eastward through Adeiso where it intercepts the National Highway 6 at Nsawam before continuing further east to Aburi in the Eastern Region where it meets the National Highway 4 which runs north from Accra to Bunso.
# Adeixis griseata

Adeixis griseata (also known as the swamp looper) is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been collected in the North, South and Chatham Islands. This species inhabits poorly drained or swampy areas. As at 2017 the host plant of this species is unknown however it has been hypothesised that the host plant may be Schoenus brevifolius or another common sedge. Adults have been observed on the wing from October until January.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by George Vernon Hudson in 1903 from a specimen collected by Alfred Philpott at Seaward Moss in Southland and named Dichromodes griseata. There was some debate between taxonomists as to whether this species was distinct from the Australian species Adeixis inostentata. However, in 1920, after comparing specimens of both species, Philpott concluded it was distinct enough to be regarded as its own species. Louis B. Prout placed this species within the genus Adeixis in 1910. The syntype specimens are not held in Te Papa but J. S. Dugdale hypothesised that one of the syntypes may be held at the Natural History Museum, London under the species name Paragyrtis inostentata (now known as Adeixis inostentata). In 2019 the molecular phylogeny of this species was studied.

## Description

The forewings of A. griseata are silver grey in colour with a small disk-shaped dot as well as with dark brown or blackish triangular shaped shading from the middle of the base of the forewing to its apex and a much smaller brown triangular shaped shading below this. The hind-wings are grey coloured tinged with yellow brown. When at rest its body position tends to be head downward. Hudson regarded this species as being extremely variable in the intensity of its markings and the depth of its colouring.

## Range

Specimens have been collected not only at the type locality of Seaward Downs but also in other locations in the South Island such as Lake Manapouri, as well as localities in the North Island such as in Whangārei, Waimarino, Raetihi, Ohakuni and Kaitoki. A. griseata has also been found on the Chatham Islands.

## Behaviour

The adults of this species have been observed on the wing from October to January.

## Habitat

Adeixis griseata tends to inhabit poorly drained or swampy areas with sedges, rushes, Gleichenia, and native shrubs such as Pittosporum and Coprosma. However as at 2017 the host plants of A. griseata is unknown. It has been hypothesised that the host plant may be Schoenus brevifolius or another common sedge.
# Acrolophus arizonellus

Acrolophus arizonellus is a moth of the family Acrolophidae. It is found in North America, including Arizona and Texas.
# Acrolophus arcanella

Acrolophus arcanella (grass tubeworm moth) is a moth of the family Acrolophidae. It is found in eastern North America.
The wingspan is about 25 mm.
# Dian'an

Dian'an is a township of Longde County, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. In 2014 it had a population of 6,000. The township has jurisdiction over 10 administrative villages and 48 villager groups, with the townhall being located in Jiujie village (旧街村).
Didian was originally part of Jingning County, Gansu. In May 1956, Dian'an was incorporated into Longde County. In October 1958, the name was changed to Qianfeng Commune, but renamed to Dian'an Commune in April 1959. In January 1984, the commune was changed into a township. Xueyang Village of Dian'an is an exclave of Ningxia in Gansu province, which was formed when Ningxia was split off Gansu.
# Dichotomie

Dichotomie is a two-movement composition for solo piano by the Finnish composer Esa-Pekka Salonen. The work was completed in October 2000 and was first performed by pianist Gloria Cheng on December 4, 2000 in Los Angeles.

## Composition

Salonen described the background and composition of Dichotomie in the score program notes, writing:
   Dichotomie was originally intended to become a short encore-type of piece. I wanted to write a surprise new work for Gloria Cheng for a concert dedicated to my music in Los Angeles in January 2000. I soon realised, that the material I had invented had a tendency to grow into two very different kinds of music. It became obvious that this was going to be a longer piece in two movements as the material seemed to have that sort of genetic code. I missed my deadline for the January concert, and kept working during the early months of the year 2000. I put the piece aside for the summer, and finally completed it in October of the same year.
He continued:
   The first movement, Mécanisme, is indeed like a machine, but not a perfect one: more like one of the Tinguely sculptures (or mobiles, they really defy all attempts to categorise them), which are very active, extroverted and expressive, but produce nothing concrete. I imagined a machine that could feel some sort of joie de vivre, and in that process, i.e. becoming human, would lose its cold precision. Organisme (originally a separate piece Spin I), the second movement, behaves very differently. Again, the music is busy on the surface, but breathes a lot slower and deeper. The music is completely continuous; all different sections grow into each other organically. A metaphor I had in mind was indeed a tree, not a huge one, more like a slender willow that moves gracefully in the wind but returns always to its original shape and position.

### Structure

The work has a duration of roughly 18 minutes and is composed in two movements:
* Mécanisme
* Organisme

## Reception

Daniel Cariaga of the Los Angeles Times praised Dichotomie, remarking, "The first [movement] is wide-ranging but standoffish, the second many hued and emotionally resonant. Both parts are complex, dense with activity, thick with chordal movement yet unchaotic, very often Lisztian in textures." Reviewing a later recording of the piece, Anthony Tommasini of The New York Times similarly noted the "stupefying challenges" of the piano writing. Arnold Whittall of Gramophone wrote, "Dichotomie (2000) for solo piano provides a useful digest of Salonen’s current compositional preoccupations. Its first movement deploys aggressive but constantly shifting rhythmic mechanisms whose origins lie in Prokofiev, while its second seems closer to the flowing spontaneity of the Ligeti Etudes."
# Adductor muscles of the hip

The adductor muscles of the hip are a group of muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh mostly used for bringing the thighs together (called adduction).

## Structure

The adductor group is made up of:
* Adductor brevis
* Adductor longus
* Adductor magnus
* Adductor minimus This is often considered to be a part of adductor magnus.
* pectineus
* gracilis
* Obturator externus is also part of the medial compartment of thigh
The adductors originate on the pubis and ischium bones and insert mainly on the medial posterior surface of the femur.
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | innervation |
| Adductor brevis | Inferior pubic ramus | Medial ridge of linea aspera | Obturator nerve (L2-L4) |
| Adductor longus | Front side of the pubic bone under the pubic tubercle | Medial ridge of linea aspera | Obturator nerve (L2-L4) |
| Adductor magnus | Inferior pubic ramus and ischial tuberosity | Medial ridge of linea aspera and the adductor tubercle | Obturator nerve and tibial nerve (L2-L5) |
| Adductor minimus | Inferior pubic ramus | Medial ridge of linea aspera | Obturator nerve (L2) |
| Pectineus | Pectineal line (pubis) | Pectineal line | Femoral nerve and sometimes the obturator nerve (L2-L4) |
| Gracilis | Inferior pubic ramus | Pes anserinus on the tibia | Obturator nerve (L2-L3) |
| Obturator externus | Lateral surface of obturator membrane and the ischiopubic ramus | Trochanteric fossa | Posterior branch of obturator nerve (L5-S2) |

### Nerve supply

The pectineus is the only adductor muscle that is innervated by the femoral nerve. The other adductor muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve with the exception of a small part of the adductor magnus which is innervated by the tibial nerve.

### Variation

In 33% of people a supernumerary muscle is found between the adductor brevis and adductor minimus. When present, this muscle originates from the upper part of the inferior ramus of the pubis from where it runs downwards and laterally. In half of cases, it inserts into the anterior surface of the insertion aponeurosis of the adductor minimus. In the remaining cases, it is either inserted into the upper part of the pectineal line or the posterior part of the lesser trochanter. While similar to its neighbouring adductors, it is formed by separation from the superficial layer of the obturator externus, and is thus not ontogenetically related to the adductors.

## Clinical significance
### Tenotomy

An adductor tenotomy (cutting the origin tendons of the adductor muscles of the thigh) and obturator neurectomy (cutting the anterior branch of the obturator nerve) are sometimes performed on children with cerebral palsy. These children often have hypertonia of the adductor muscles, making abduction difficult, obstructing normal hip development, and putting them at risk of hip luxation.
# Dharampani

Dharampani may refer to:
* Dharampani, Gandaki
* Dharampani, Rapti
# Dharampani, Rapti

Dharampani is a village and Village Development Committee in Pyuthan, a Middle Hills district of Rapti Zone, western Nepal.

## Villages in VDC

| | | Ward | Lat. | Lon | Elev. |
| Argeli | अर्गेली | | 28°03'N | 82°56'E | 1,079m |
| Banchare | बन्चरे | | 28°04'N | 82°55'E | 1,190 |
| Barbot | बरबोट | 8 | 28°04'N | 82°56'E | 1,272 |
| Bhedikhore | भेडीखोरे | | 28°03'N | 82°56'E | 870 |
| Bujathati | बुजाथाटी | | 28°03'N | 82°57'E | 805 |
| Bukeni | बुकेनी | 5 | 28°05'N | 82°55'E | 1,685 |
| Chauthi Laune | चौथी लाउने | | 28°04'N | 82°56'E | 1,308 |
| Chhap | छाप | | 28°04'N | 82°55'E | 1,170 |
| Dhanubas | धनुबास | | 28°05'N | 82°55'E | 1,370 |
| Dharampani | धरमपानी | 2 | 28°04'N | 82°54'E | 1,250 |
| Gahtara | गहतरा | | 28°04'N | 82°56'E | 1,045 |
| Girichaur | गिरीचौर | 1 | 28°04'N | 82°53'E | 1,570 |
| Jebundanda | जेबुनडाँडा | | 28°04'N | 82°55'E | 1,142 |
| Khanidanda | खानीडाँडा | | 28°03'N | 82°53'E | 1,210 |
| Maidan | मैदान | | 28°04'N | 82°56'E | 1,198 |
| Manjh Pokhara | माँझ पोखरा | | 28°04'N | 82°56'E | 1,170 |
| Mundanda | मुनडाँडा | | 28°04'N | 82°56'E | 1,418 |
| Nisan Takura | निसान टाकुरा | | 28°05'N | 82°55'E | 1,461 |
| Sirkot | सिरकोट | | 28°04'N | 82°53'E | 1,485 |
| Tallo Takura | तल्लो टाकुरा | | 28°04'N | 82°56'E | 1,100 |
# Adelphocoris seticornis

Adelphocoris seticornis is a Palearctic species of true bug
# Dibble Glacier Tongue

Dibble Glacier Tongue (65°50′S 135°0′E﻿ / ﻿65.833°S 135.000°E﻿ / -65.833; 135.000) is a large glacier tongue extending seaward from Dibble Glacier in Wilkes Land, Antarctica. The seaward end of the glacier tongue is named Dibble Iceberg Tongue. It was delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Jonas Dibble and the unsung crew members of the United States Exploring Expedition squadron under Lieutenant Charles Wilkes, 1838–42.
# Dibble Basin

Dibble Basin (65°20′S 133°0′E﻿ / ﻿65.333°S 133.000°E﻿ / -65.333; 133.000) is an undersea basin in the Antarctic Ocean. The name was approved by the Advisory Committee on Undersea Features in December 1971.
# Adilet Kyshtakbekov

Adilet Kyshtakbekov (also Kyshtabekov, born 11 April 1993) is a runner from Kyrgyzstan who competed internationally over distances from 800 m to marathon. He won a bronze medal in the 10,000 m at the 2017 Asian Championships and placed 10th in the 1500 m at the 2014 Asian Games and 14th in the marathon at the 2018 Asian Games.
Kyshtakbekov took up athletics in 2005 following his father.
# Adolph Ernst Kroeger

Adolph Ernst Kroeger (28 December 1837 in Schwabstedt, Duchy of Schleswig – 8 March 1882 in St. Louis, Missouri) was a translator and author who contributed significantly to the understanding of German literature in the United States.

## Biography

Kroeger was the son of a clergyman who emigrated to the United States with his family in 1848 and settled at Davenport, Iowa. He was a Latin farmer, and instructed his son in foreign languages and instilled in him a love for music, poetry and philosophy. Young Kroeger first went into a banking house. In 1857 his father died, and he moved to New York City and was connected with The New York Times as translator for three years. He became their St. Louis correspondent and was noted for his political articles. During the Civil War he served on the staff of Gen. Frémont.
At the close of the Civil War, he settled in St. Louis. He made his living as a journalist and dabbled in municipal politics, but philosophy was his life calling. Both by translations of the works of Fichte, Kant, and Leibniz, and by numerous essays in different periodicals, he largely contributed to a better understanding of German literature in the United States, and increased the number of those that are interested in it. He wrote regularly for the St. Louis Journal of Speculative Philosophy. He published Fichte's Science of Knowledge (Philadelphia, 1868), the same author's Science of Rights (1869), and translated his Science of Morals, though at his death the latter remained in manuscript. He also issued The Minnesingers of Germany, containing translations of Walter von der Vogelweide and others (New York, 1873), and Our Forms of Government and the Problems of the Future (1862).
An 1870 incident involving St. Louis finances and the city treasurer resulted in him being convicted for forgery and sentenced to a term in prison. There were mitigating circumstances, and Governor Gratz Brown pardoned him in 1872.
# Adolph Emmerling

Adolph Emmerling (13 June 1842, Freiburg im Breisgau – 17 March 1906, Baden-Baden) was a German chemist, known for his research in the field of agricultural chemistry.
He studied chemistry at the University of Freiburg, receiving his doctorate in 1865. Following graduation, he spent several years as a laboratory assistant in Freiburg and Heidelberg. In 1870 he became director of the Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchsstation Kiel (Agricultural Experimental Station in Kiel), a post he maintained until his death. In 1874 he obtained his habilitation at the University of Kiel, and in 1882, received the title of professor.
In 1869, with Adolf von Baeyer, he discovered a method for synthesizing indole by fusing ortho-nitrocinnamic acid with potash and iron filings ("Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis").

## Published works

* Agrikultur-Chemische Untersuchungen: Versuche und Analysen, 1895 – Agricultural-chemical investigations: Testing and analysis.
* Studien über die Eiweissbildung in der Pflanze, 1900 – Studies on protein formation in plants.
* Beiträge zur kenntnis der dauerweiden in den marschen Norddeutschlands, 1901 – Contributions to the knowledge of permanent pasture in the marshes of Northern Germany (with Carl Albert Weber).
Many of his scientific articles were published in the periodicals, Die Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchs-Stationen and the Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft.
# Dichomeris ardelia

Dichomeris ardelia is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1986. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida.
# Dichomeris geochrota

Dichomeris geochrota is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in southern India.
The wingspan is about 13 mm (0.51 in). The forewings are light ashy grey irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous, with the extreme costal edge ochreous whitish. There is a cloudy dark-brown dot in the disc at one-fourth. The stigmata is dark brown, obscure, the discal approximated, the plical hardly before the first discal, the second discal connected with the dorsum by an irregular dark brown line. There is a fine indistinct irregular ochreous-whitish transverse line at four-fifths, forming a small distinct spot on the costa and there are also several blackish dots around the apex and termen. The hindwings are grey.
# Adriaan Stephanus Beukes

Adriaan Stephanus Beukes (born 14 July 1994) is a Botswanan javelin thrower.
He finished fourth at the 2011 African Junior Championships, fourth at the 2014 African Championships and fifth at the 2015 African Games. He also competed at the 2012 World Junior Championships and the 2013 Summer Universiade without reaching the final.
His personal best throw is 80.49 metres, achieved in May 2015 in Gaborone. This is the Botswanan record.
# DieHard 500

Two NASCAR races at Talladega Superspeedway have been called the DieHard 500:
* For the race from 1990 to 1997, see YellaWood 500
* For the race from 1998 to 2000, see GEICO 500
# Diadegma claripenne

Diadegma claripenne is a wasp first described by Carl Gustaf Thomson in 1887. No subspecies are listed.
# Adib Khorram

Adib Khorram (born 12 April, 1984) is an Iranian-American author who mainly writes young adult fiction. He is most well known for his books Darius the Great is Not Okay, Darius the Great Deserves Better, and Kiss & Tell.

## Career

Khorram studied technical theater and design at Southern Illinois University before attending Vancouver Film School.
Khorram published his first novel, Darius the Great is Not Okay, in 2018 followed by the sequel, Darius the Great Deserves Better, in 2020.

### Accolades

* 2019 William C. Morris Debut Award
* 2018–2019 Asian/Pacific American Award for Young Adult Literature
* Boston Globe–Horn Book Honor

## Personal life

Khorram was born and raised in Kansas City, Missouri, where he still lives. He identifies as gay. Khorram is biracial.
# Adina racemosa

Adina racemosa is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is a tree native to northern Myanmar and Thailand, southern China, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and Japan.
# Die Abreise

Die Abreise (The Departure) is a comic opera in one act by composer Eugen d'Albert. The libretto was written by Ferdinand Sporck, a friend of the composer, after a play by August Ernst Steigentesch.

## Composition history

Eugen d'Albert composed the opera in 1896. The score was published by Max Brockhaus Musikverlag [de] in 1898, and is now available from Boosey & Hawkes.

## Performance history

The opera was first performed 20 October 1898 at the Alte Oper in Frankfurt, under the baton of Ludwig Rottenberg.

## Roles

Roles, voice types, premiere cast :
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 20 October 1898 Conductor: Ludwig Rottenberg |
| Gilfen, a baron | baritone | Rudolf Brinkman |
| Luise, his wife | soprano | Hedwig Schacko |
| Trott, a baron, their friend | tenor | Max Pichler [de] |

## Synopsis

    Time and place: The garden hall of a summer residence in central Germany, at the end of the 18th century.
Gilfen and Luise have been married for many years, and the passion in their relationship has dimmed considerably. Gilfen has been planning to undertake a long journey, but he has postponed his departure every time because he was afraid his wife would take advantage of the situation. And so, he never departed.
Trott, a friend of the couple, is in love with Luise, so it is easily understood why he advises his friend to finally undertake the long planned journey. Gilfen (who has guessed Trott's motives) plays along and takes leave from his wife, faking his departure. Trott immediately seizes the opportunity, but Luise rejects him.
Gilfen then returns to find (much to his surprise and delight) that his wife has been faithful to him. Now it is Trott's turn to leave. Gilfen and Luise finally have time for each other again and they decide to renew their love.

## Recordings

In 1998 CPO released a recording made in 1978 at the Ruhrfestspielhaus [de]. János Kulka conducted the Philharmonia Hungarica; the singers were Hermann Prey (Gilfen), Edda Moser (Luise) and Peter Schreier (Trott).