OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elmer Smith (activist)

Elmer Smith (1888–1932) was a 20th-Century American lawyer and Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) union defender (known as Wobblies), who played a key role in the 1919 Centralia massacre (Washington).

## 1919 Centralia massacre

See also Centralia massacre (Washington)
The IWW opened a local in Centralia, Washington, early in World War I. By 1918, they had clashed with the local American Legion after the burning of a first IWW union hall in 1938. The IWW re-opened in a second location.
Elmer Smith was a local lawyer, sympathetic to the IWW. A pacifist, he strongly encouraged union members to pursue a non-violent course and to try to reach a peaceful arrangement with the other residents of Centralia. He also reached out to the governor to attempt to get him to intervene to prevent a vigilante raid. The landlady for the hall and Britt Smith (no relation), the local IWW secretary, contacted law enforcement and asked for protection, but were told nothing was possible. The Wobblies then printed and widely distributed a flier calling on the people of Centralia to take action. None of these efforts yielded any response. With this being the case an extra-legal raid on the Wobbly hall seemed likely.
With attempts at a peaceful compromise unsuccessful, local IWW leader Britt Smith pressed Elmer Smith for additional advice. Elmer Smith agreed that it would be legal for the Wobblies to physically defend themselves, but, as he later testified, only in self-defense if attacked first. The IWW members interpreted this legal advice as justification to arm themselves for what they perceived as an inevitable and dangerous confrontation.
During Smith's trial the following year for his part in the Centralia Massacre, prosecutors would present this advice as proof that the IWW had planned the massacre. However, considering Elmer Smith's strong belief in non-violence and seeming good character, it is doubtful that armed conflict was his objective. The true intent of Smith's recommendation will probably never be known.
After the massacre (in which six people were killed), officials arrested Smith, although he had not participated in the massacre. Later, he was acquitted and released. He died before Governor Clarence D. Martin (1884–1955) commuted sentences.
# Aphanopleura

Aphanopleura is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. It includes three species native to Iran and Transcaucasia.

## Species

Three species are accepted.
* Aphanopleura breviseta (Boiss.) Heywood & Jury
* Aphanopleura trachysperma Boiss.
* Aphanopleura zangelanica Gogina & Matsenko
# Aonio Paleario

Aonio Paleario (c. 1500 – July 3, 1570) was an Italian Christian termed a reformer.

## Life

He was born about 1500 at Veroli, in the Roman Campagna. Other forms of his name are Antonio Della Paglia, A. Degli Pagliaricci.
In 1520 he went to Rome, where he entered the brilliant literary circle of Leo X. When Charles of Bourbon stormed Rome in 1527, Paleario went first to Perugia and then to Siena, where he settled as a teacher of Greek and Hebrew.
In 1536 his didactic poem in Latin hexameters, De immortalitate animarum, was published at Lyon. It is divided into three books, the first containing his proofs of the divine existence, and the remaining two the theological and philosophical arguments for immortality based on that postulate. The whole concludes with a rhetorical description of the occurrences of the Second Advent.
In 1542 the Inquisition made his tract Della Pienezza, sufficienza, et satisfazione della passione di Christo, or Libellus de morte Christi (The Benefit of Christ's Death), the basis of a charge of heresy, from which, however, he successfully defended himself. In Siena he wrote his Actio in pontifices romanos et eorum asseclas, a vigorous indictment, in twenty testimonia, against what he now believed to be the fundamental error of the Roman Church in subordinating Scripture to tradition, as well as against various particular doctrines, such as that of purgatory; it was not, however, printed until after his death (Leipzig, 1606).
In 1546 he accepted a professorial chair at Lucca, which he exchanged in 1555 for that of Greek and Latin literature at Milan. Here about 1566 his enemies renewed their activity, and in 1567 he was formally accused by Fra Angelo, the inquisitor of Milan. He was tried at Rome, condemned to death in October 1569, and executed in July 1570.

## Works

An edition of his works (Ant. Palearii Verulani Opera), including four books of Epistolae and twelve Orationes besides the De immortalitate, was published at Lyon in 1552; this was followed by two others, at Basel, and several after his death, the fullest being that of Amsterdam, 1696. A work, entitled Benefizio di Cristo ("The Benefit of Christ's Death"), has been attributed to Paleario on insufficient grounds. Lives by Gurlitt (Hamburg, 1805); Young (2 vols., London, 1860); Bonnet (Paris, 1862).
Churchill Babington, vicar of Cockfield, Suffolk published an English translation of Benefizio di Cristo in 1855.
Aonio Paleario is the subject of a 2014 novel A Dream of Shadows by Diana M. DeLuca. This novel was awarded two first place awards by Reader Views annual literary contest n the categories of Spiritual Fiction and Best in the Rocky Mountain region 2014.
# Ellsworth Hoagland

Howard Ellsworth Hoagland (August 15, 1903 – September 4, 1972) was an American film editor. He worked on several films and television series. His career began in 1933, when he edited One Sunday Afternoon.
In 1936, Hoagland received an Academy Award for Best Film Editing nomination. In 1966, he won a Primetime Emmy Award for editing the television series Bonanza.

## Selected filmography

* One Sunday Afternoon (1933)
* The Night of January 16th (1941)
* Cross My Heart (1946)
* The Country Girl (1954)
# Ellsworth J. Beggs House

The Ellsworth J. Beggs House, at 703 Park Ave. in Park City, Utah, was built or moved to the site around 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
It has also been known as High West Distillery.
It is Queen Anne and eclectic in style. It was deemed "architecturally significant as one of about four extant two story box houses in Park City, three of which are well preserved and included in this nomination. The two story box is closely tied with the pyramid house, one of three major house types in Park City. Like the pyramid house, it has a square or nearly square form, a pyramid or truncated hip roof, and a porch spanning the facade. It varies in size from the pyramid house, being a full two stories, as compared with the one or one and one half stories of the pyramid house. The two story box was not common in Park city, but judging from the range of extant buildings in Park City, it seems to have been the preferred design choice for a sizeable Park City house."
# 1985 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships

The 1985 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships (also known as the 1985 Volvo Tennis Hall of Fame Championships for sponsorship reasons) was a men's Grand Prix tennis tournament held in Newport, Rhode Island, USA. It was the 10th edition of the tournament and was held from July 6 through July 12, 1985. Unseeded Tom Gullikson won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Tom Gullikson defeated John Sadri 6–3, 7–5
* It was Gullikson's only singles title of his career.

### Doubles

Peter Doohan / Sammy Giammalva Jr. defeated Paul Annacone / Christo van Rensburg 6–1, 6–3
# Dolichoderus spinicollis

Dolichoderus spinicollis is a species of ant in the genus Dolichoderus. Described by Pierre André Latreille in 1817, the species is endemic to Brazil and Venezuela.
# Arthur Gordon Matthew

Brigadier Arthur Gordon Matthew CBE, DSO (22 December 1898 – 6 October 1947) was a British Royal Artillery officer who served in the First World War and the Second World War.

## Military career

Matthew (who was known as "Hammer") served in the First World War and in North Africa during the Second World War, including during the Siege of Tobruk and the Second Battle of El Alamein. After the Normandy campaign and the Rhine crossing, he served as commander of the Kiel Brigade area during the post-war occupation of Germany.
Matthew died in 1947 from a heart attack, but is recorded amongst the dead for the 1939–1945 conflict as occupation operations had then not yet normalised to peacetime arrangements. He is buried in the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge.
He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1941 for distinguished service in the Middle East between December 1940 and February 1941, and was appointed a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1945. He was also Mentioned in Despatches five times.
# Hundvåg, Stavanger

Hundvåg is a borough of the city of Stavanger which lies in the southwestern part of the large municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. The borough includes a number of islands lying to the north of the main city centre of Stavanger. It includes the islands of Hundvåg, Sølyst, Grasholmen, Engøy, Buøy, Bjørnøy, Roaldsøy, and Ormøy. These islands are all connected together by bridges and they are connected to mainland Stavanger by the Stavanger City Bridge.
The 6.41-square-kilometre (1,580-acre) borough has a population (2015) of 13,217. This gives the borough a population density of 2,062 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,340/sq mi).

## Neighbourhoods

Although the borders of city's "neighbourhoods" (delområder) do not correspond exactly to the borough borders, Hundvåg roughly consists of the neighbourhoods of Buøy and Hundvåg.

## Politics

Hundvåg borough is led by a municipal borough council (kommunedelsutvalg). The council consists of 11 members, with the following party allegiances:
Hundvåg kommunedelsutvalg 2020–2024 :
| Party name (in Norwegian) | Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives |
| | Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 3 |
| | People's Action No to More Road Tolls (Folkeaksjonen nei til mer bompenger) | 2 |
| | Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 2 |
| | Conservative Party (Høyre) | 3 |
| | Red Party (Rødt) | 1 |
| Total number of members: | Total number of members: | 11 |
Hundvåg bydelsutvalg 2016–2019 :
| Party name (in Norwegian) | Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives |
| | Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 3 |
| | Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 2 |
| | Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) | 1 |
| | Conservative Party (Høyre) | 2 |
| | Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 1 |
| | Liberal Party (Venstre) | 1 |
| | Local List(s) (Lokale lister) | 1 |
| Total number of members: | Total number of members: | 11 |
# Archive Series

Archive Series may refer to:
* Archive Series Volume No. 1, an album by Iron & Wine
* Archive Series No. 1: Live in Iceland, an album by Violent Femmes
* Archive Series No. 2: Live in Chicago Q101, an album by Violent Femmes
* Archive Series (The Korgis album)
# Elimia aterina

Elimia aterina is a species of freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pleuroceridae. This species is endemic to the United States.
# Didi Lilo

Didi Lilo (Georgian: დიდი ლილო) is a daba (small town) in the country of Georgia, located on the Iori Plateau on the outskirts of Tbilisi. It has a population of around 2,400. In 1974, it was granted the status of city. It is a rural village with a small agricultural industry. The town is best known for being the birthplace of some members of Joseph Stalin's family, including Stalin's father Besarion Jughashvili.
# Ensign Peak Foundation

The Ensign Peak Foundation (formerly the Mormon Historic Sites Foundation) is an independent organization that seeks to contribute to the memorialization of sites important to the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The organization also maintains a Sites Registry database of historic sites related to the Latter Day Saint movement.

## History

The foundation was originally started in 1992 as the Ensign Peak Foundation, involved in the creation of Ensign Peak Park in Salt Lake City, Utah. After the success of this project the organization changed to the Mormon Historic Sites Foundation and undertook a broader mission. Their next major project was the restoration of Kirtland, Ohio including the working towards the relocation of the main road so visitors would not have to compete with traffic in visiting the historic sites there.
The new name of the organization first appeared in the LDS Church News, about a ceremony held in 1998 to remember the Haun's Mill Massacre, held jointly by the MHSF and the Missouri Mormon Frontier Foundation.
In 2020 the organization returned to its original name, Ensign Peak Foundation, after the LDS Church discouraged use of the "Mormon" nickname.

## Publications

The Foundation published a semiannual scholarly journal called Mormon Historical Studies. It features "essays, biographies, documents, book reviews, historical site descriptions, indexes, and archival listings relevant to subjects of general interest to Latter-day Saints".
Mormon Historical Studies was originally The Nauvoo Journal, until its name change in spring 2000. The Nauvoo Journal started with Lyman D. Platt and the Early Mormon Research Institute in 1989, intending to aid Mormon History "by bringing to light previously unknown and little used records, by correcting false research and traditions, by indexing of other difficult records, and by publishing many sources that are inaccessible to hundreds of interested family historians and genealogists".
In 2020 the journal was renamed to Latter-day Saint Historical Studies.
# Endocoelus orbicularis

Endocoelus orbicularis, is a species of handsome fungus beetle found in Sri Lanka.

## Description

Typical length of male is about 10 mm. Body orbicular. Head exerted, with small prominent coarsely granulated eyes. Elytra sub-globularly convex. Elytral disk is evenly and strongly punctured. Antennae with 10 segments where the two basal joints are stout. The third to the seventh segments are very short. The three last segments collectively form the elongate lax club. Thorax short, narrowed in front, with a raised thickened and flattened margin. Base is narrower than the elytra at their base. Tarsi are four-jointed, and are almost linear.
# Embassy of Croatia, Ottawa

The Embassy of the Republic of Croatia is the diplomatic mission of Croatia in Canada. It is located in Toller House at the corner of Chapel and Daly Streets in the Sandy Hill neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
The building was originally constructed in 1875 in Domestic Gothic Revival style by Henry Horsey and J. Sheard, architects. The first occupant was J.H. Plummer, the new Ottawa manager of the Bank of Commerce. Two years later, Télesphore Fournier, a Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, moved in with his family. It was bought by Auditor General of the Dominion’s Currency Frederick Toller in 1882. His family owned it until 1912 when it was bought by cabinet minister Louis-Philippe Brodeur who owned it until 1931. The house was owned by a group of nuns who used it as a residence and school until 1968. It was then rented out to students from the nearby University of Ottawa.
The heritage building was purchased for the Republic of Croatia by the Croatian-Canadian community after Croatia gained its independence in 1993. Local fundraising also paid for the significant restoration work that completely refurbished the estate. It opened as the Croatian embassy in 1999. The building was included amongst other architecturally interesting and historically significant buildings in Doors Open Ottawa, held June 2 and 3, 2012.
Croatia also maintains a consular office in Mississauga.
# Dolichoderus sundari

Dolichoderus sundari is a species of ant in the genus Dolichoderus. Described by Mathew and Tiwari in 2000, the species is endemic to India.
# Arthur Gore

Arthur Gore may refer to:

## Baronets

* Sir Arthur Gore, 1st Baronet (c. 1640–1697), Irish MP for Mayo 1661–1666
* Sir Arthur Gore, 2nd Baronet (c. 1685–1741), Irish MP for Ballynakill, Donegal County and Mayo 1715–1742

## Earls

* Arthur Gore, 1st Earl of Arran (1703–1717), Irish MP for Donegal Borough
* Arthur Gore, 2nd Earl of Arran (1734–1809), Irish MP for Wexford County
* Arthur Gore, 3rd Earl of Arran (1761–1837), Irish MP for Baltimore, British MP for County Donegal
* Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran (1839–1901), Anglo-Irish diplomat, Lord Lieutenant of Mayo
* Arthur Gore, 6th Earl of Arran (1868–1958), Anglo-Irish soldier, Lord Lieutenant of Donegal
* Arthur Gore, 7th Earl of Arran (1903–1958), Anglo-Irish author
* Arthur Gore, 8th Earl of Arran (1910–1983), Anglo-Irish peer
* Arthur Gore, 9th Earl of Arran (born 1938), British politician

## Others

* Arthur Gore (cricketer) (1866–1944), New Zealand cricketer
* Arthur Gore (priest) (1829–1913), Archdeacon of Macclesfield and Canon of Chester
* Arthur Gore (rugby league) (1891–1969), Australian rugby league footballer
* Arthur Gore (tennis) (1868–1928), British tennis player, Olympic gold medallist 1908
# Hundred of Kongorong

The Hundred of Kongorong is a cadastral division of the County of Grey in southeastern South Australia. It was named on 12 June 1862 after an indigenous phrase thought to mean "the corner of it".
The township of Kongorong is at the heart of the hundred with coastal localities making up the remainder. From northwest to south east these are: Carpenter Rocks, Pelican Point, Blackfellows Caves, Nene Valley, and Cape Douglas.
# Archive Series No. 2: Live in Chicago Q101

Archive Series No. 2: Live In Chicago Q101 is a live broadcast 'studio' album performed in Chicago on April 22, 2000 and released by Violent Femmes in 2006. Includes banter between selections.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Gordon Gano

## Personnel

* Gordon Gano – vocals, acoustic guitar
* Brian Ritchie – acoustic bass guitar, backing vocals
* Guy Hoffman – snare drum, percussion, backing vocals
Additional musicians
* Hani Naser – Arabic percussion (tracks 6,7,8)
* Sigmund Snopek III – piano, flute (tracks 6,7,8)
# Ecuador at the 2022 World Games

Ecuador competed at the 2022 World Games held in Birmingham, United States from 7 to 17 July 2022. Athletes representing Ecuador won one gold medal and three bronze medals. The country finished in 44th place in the medal table.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Gold | Gabriela Vargas | Road speed skating | Women's 10,000 m point race | 10 July |
| Bronze | Gabriela Vargas | Track speed skating | Women's 1000 m sprint | 9 July |
| Bronze | Gabriela Vargas | Track speed skating | Women's 10,000 m elimination race | 9 July |
| Bronze | Gabriela Vargas | Track speed skating | Women's 10,000 m point elimination race | 8 July |

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Cue sports | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Finswimming | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Powerlifting | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| Racquetball | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Road speed skatingTrack speed skating | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Sport climbing | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Squash | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 9 | 4 | 13 |

## Cue sports

Ecuador competed in cue sports.

## Finswimming

Ecuador competed in finswimming.

## Powerlifting

Ecuador competed in powerlifting.

## Racquetball

Ecuador competed in racquetball.

## Road speed skating

Ecuador won one gold medal in road speed skating.

## Sport climbing

Ecuador competed in sport climbing.

## Squash

Ecuador competed in squash.

## Track speed skating

Ecuador won three bronze medals in track speed skating.
# Elisabeth Schmid

Elisabeth Schmid (1912–27 March 1994) was a German archaeologist and osteologist. She is best known for her work concerning the prehistoric statue, the lion-man, and for her book, Atlas of Animal Bones.

## Early life and career

Schmid was born in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1912 and graduated with a PhD from the University of Freiburg.
Over her career, Schmid published over two hundred papers and two books. She began studying animal bones from Augusta Raurica in the 1950s, and her analysis of those bones was the subject of her most well-known book, Atlas of Animal Bones, which was published in 1972 and is still used worldwide today. In 1953, she established a laboratory at the University of Basel for prehistoric studies. In 1975 she became the first woman to serve as dean of the natural sciences faculty.
In the 1980s, Schmid became involved with the prehistoric ivory sculpture known as the Lion-man. It was first discovered in 1939 in a cave in southwestern Germany by Otto Völzing. Around 30 percent of the statue is missing, and its gender is heavily disputed. German archaeologist Joachim Hahn interpreted part of the statue as representing male genitalia; however, Schmid later interpreted the same part of the statue as a pubic triangle. Further restoration of the statue began in autumn 1987 by Schmid and restorer Ute Wolf.
Schmid died on 27 March 1994.
# Lonnie Lee Van Zandt

Lonnie Lee Van Zandt (1937–1995) was a professor of physics at Purdue University in Indiana, USA.
Van Zandt participated in the formation of the molecular biological physics group at Purdue and studied the dynamics of dissolved DNA polymers. He also performed pioneering research on the effect of microwaves on DNA. His PhD thesis in Physics at Harvard University focused on the "Effects of Static Spin Density Waves on Electron Transport".
# Afia Pokua

Afia Pokua (known as Vim Lady) is a Ghanaian media personality and the Head of Programs at the Despite Media Group, operating Peace FM, Okay FM, Neat FM and Hello FM in Kumasi.

## Education

Afia attended Labone Senior High School for her secondary education. She then proceeded to the Ghana Institute of Journalism and the Ghana Institute of Management And Public Administration for a bachelor's degree in law.

## Career

She is the former editor of Adom FM, a subsidiary of Multimedia Group Limited. In 2013, Afia had attempted to quit Mulitimedia following a misunderstanding she had with the management.
In October 2019, she resigned from the Multimedia Group and joined UTV, a satellite television station owned by the Despite Media Group Currently, Afia Pokuaa is the host of Egyaso Gyaso, a popular news analysis program aired on Okay FM Mondays and Fridays between 7pm and 9:30pm. She also co-hosts UTV's morning show dubbed Adekye Nsroma.

## Awards and recognition

Radio and Television Personalities Awards Radio Female Presenter of the Year 2019–2020.

## Personal life

In May 2020, Afia Pokua revealed for the first time that she has a son, who is in his teens.

## Voluntary work

In 2018, she founded the SugarDem Ministry, a gender parity activist group set up to parallel the PepperDem Ministry that advocates for women to uphold stricter relationships with men.
# Hunshikatti

Hunshikatti is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka, India.
# Lucerne Lake (California)

Lucerne Lake is a dry lake bed in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California, 24 km (15 mi) east of Apple Valley. The lake is approximately 6 km (3.7 mi) long and 8 km (5.0 mi) at its widest point.
# Hulsea nana

Hulsea nana is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name dwarf alpinegold. It is native to the western United States from Washington, Oregon, and far northern California.
The plant grows in the talus of volcanic mountains and plateaus.

## Description

Hulsea nana is a diminutive perennial herb producing clumps of hairy foliage and stout stems rarely more than 20 centimeters (6 inches) tall. The leaves are 2 to 6 centimeters (0.4-2.4 inches) long and have lobed edges and many glandular hairs.
The stem usually bears a single robust flower head with layers of hairy to woolly phyllaries. The center of the head is packed with golden disc florets surrounded by a circumference lined with golden ray florets each about a centimeter (0.4 inches) long.