OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Finswimming at the 2009 World Games – Men's 200 m surface

The men's 200 m surface competition in finswimming at the 2009 World Games took place on 24 July 2009 at the Kaohsiung Swimming Pool in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

## Competition format

A total of 16 athletes entered the competition. The best eight athletes from preliminary round qualifies to the final.

## Results
### Preliminary

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Note |
| 1 | Stefano Figini | Italy | 1:25.39 | Q |
| 2 | Dmytro Shekera | Ukraine | 1:25.51 | Q |
| 3 | Denes Kanyo | Hungary | 1:25.61 | Q |
| 4 | Andrea Nava | Italy | 1:26.15 | Q |
| 5 | Daniel Kokai | Hungary | 1:26.22 | Q |
| 6 | You Gyeong-heon | South Korea | 1:26.34 | Q |
| 7 | Sven Lutzkendorf | Germany | 1:26.42 | Q |
| 8 | Roman Maletin | Russia | 1:26.43 | Q |
| 9 | Nikolay Reznikov | Russia | 1:26.45 | |
| 10 | Yoon Young-joong | South Korea | 1:26.65 | |
| 11 | Florian Ziegler | Germany | 1:26.92 | |
| 12 | Patrik Ščasný | Slovakia | 1:27.93 | |
| 13 | El Hassan Ghonim | Egypt | 1:29.15 | |
| 14 | Lin Chien-lung | Chinese Taipei | 1:30.63 | |
| 15 | Jian Ka | China | 1:34.52 | |
| 16 | Viktor Panov | Ukraine | 1:35.03 | |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Note |
| | Stefano Figini | Italy | 1:22.10 | GR |
| | Andrea Nava | Italy | 1:22.97 | |
| | You Gyeong-heon | South Korea | 1:23.42 | |
| 4 | Denes Kanyo | Hungary | 1:23.50 | |
| 5 | Daniel Kokai | Hungary | 1:24.66 | |
| 6 | Dmytro Shekera | Ukraine | 1:24.75 | |
| 7 | Roman Maletin | Russia | 1:25.50 | |
| 8 | Sven Lutzkendorf | Germany | 1:26.80 | |
# 1983 Welwyn Hatfield District Council election

The 1983 Welwyn Hatfield District Council election took place on 5 May 1983 to elect members of Welwyn Hatfield District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. Around a third of the seats on the council were up for election. The results were relatively uneventful - the Conservatives gained a seat from Labour, but still fell very short of threatening Labour's majority on the council.

## Summary
### Election result

1983 Welwyn Hatfield District Council election :
| Party | Party | This election | This election | This election | Full council | Full council | Full council | This election | This election | This election |
| Party | Party | Seats | Net | Seats % | Other | Total | Total % | Votes | Votes % | +/− |
| | Labour | 7 | 1 | 43.8 | 17 | 24 | 55.8 | 15,396 | 36.2 | –1.2 |
| | Conservative | 9 | 1 | 56.3 | 10 | 19 | 44.2 | 20,124 | 47.3 | +5.3 |
| | Alliance | 0 | | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 6,990 | 16.4 | –4.1 |
# 1987 Benson & Hedges Championships – Doubles

John McEnroe and Peter Fleming were the defending champions, but McEnroe could not compete this year after facing a two-month suspension due to committing three code violations on his match against Slobodan Živojinović at the US Open. Fleming teamed up with Henri Leconte and lost in the first round to Mark Kratzmann and Laurie Warder.
Miloslav Mečíř and Tomáš Šmíd won the title by defeating Ken Flach and Robert Seguso 7–5, 6–4 in the final.

## Seeds

* Ken Flach / Robert Seguso (final)
* Anders Järryd / Emilio Sánchez (quarterfinals)
* Paul Annacone / Christo van Rensburg (semifinals)
* Miloslav Mečíř / Tomáš Šmíd (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | K Flach R Seguso | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Bates A Castle | 2 | 4 | | 1 | K Flach R Seguso | 5 | 6 | 16 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Kohlberg R Van't Hof | 6 | 3 | 6 | | A Kohlberg R Van't Hof | 7 | 3 | 14 | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Bourne J Klaparda | 4 | 6 | 2 | | | | | | 1 | K Flach R Seguso | 3 | 7 | 6 | | | | |
| 3 | P Annacone C van Rensburg | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | 3 | P Annacone C van Rensburg | 6 | 6 | 2 | | | | |
| | M De Palmer W Fibak | 1 | 6 | | 3 | P Annacone C van Rensburg | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Hlasek C Mezzadri | 4 | 6 | 6 | | J Hlasek C Mezzadri | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Gunnarson J Nyström | 6 | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | K Flach R Seguso | 5 | 4 |
| | M Kratzmann L Warder | 5 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | M Mečíř T Šmíd | 7 | 6 |
| | P Fleming H Leconte | 7 | 3 | 4 | | M Kratzmann L Warder | 3 | 7 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Leach T Pawsat | 3 | 6 | | 4 | M Mečíř T Šmíd | 6 | 5 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | M Mečíř T Šmíd | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | 4 | M Mečíř T Šmíd | 7 | 7 | | | | | |
| | K Curren G Forget | 3 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | K Curren G Forget | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | J Svensson M Tideman | 6 | 3 | 4 | | K Curren G Forget | 4 | 7 | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Birner F González | 2 | 3 | | 2 | A Järryd E Sánchez | 6 | 6 | 5 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | A Järryd E Sánchez | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 2018–19 Gaza Strip Premier League

The 2018–19 Gaza Strip Premier League was the 2018–19 season of the Gaza Strip Premier League, the top football league in the Gaza Strip of Palestine. The season started on 8 September 2018 and ended on 10 March 2019.

## Teams

A total of 12 teams competed in the league. Shabab Khan Yunis were the defending champions. Al-Qadisiya and Al-Ahli Gaza were relegated from last season, and were replaced by promoted teams Al-Ahli Beit Hanoun and Khidmat Khan Yunis.
* Al-Ahli Beit Hanoun
* Al-Hilal Gaza
* Al-Ittihad Khan Yunis
* Al-Ittihad Shuja'iyya
* Al-Sadaqah
* Gaza Sports Club
* Khidmat Al-Shatia
* Khidmat Khan Yunis
* Khidmat Rafah
* Shabab Jabalia
* Shabab Khan Yunis
* Shabab Rafah

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Khidmat Rafah (C) | 22 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 40 | 16 | +24 | 51 | |
| 2 | Shabab Jabalia | 22 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 26 | 20 | +6 | 36 | |
| 3 | Al-Ittihad Khan Yunis | 22 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 21 | 20 | +1 | 36 | |
| 4 | Shabab Khan Yunis | 22 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 29 | 21 | +8 | 35 | |
| 5 | Shabab Rafah | 22 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 30 | 27 | +3 | 34 | |
| 6 | Al-Ittihad Shuja'iyya | 22 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 35 | 25 | +10 | 31 | |
| 7 | Al-Hilal Gaza | 22 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 20 | 27 | −7 | 29 | |
| 8 | Khidmat Al-Shatia | 22 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 30 | 26 | +4 | 27 | |
| 9 | Al-Sadaqah | 22 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 19 | −3 | 26 | |
| 10 | Gaza Sports Club | 22 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 18 | 28 | −10 | 24 | |
| 11 | Al-Ahli Beit Hanoun (R) | 22 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 25 | 34 | −9 | 21 | Relegation to Gaza Strip First League |
| 12 | Khidmat Khan Yunis (R) | 22 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 16 | 43 | −27 | 14 | Relegation to Gaza Strip First League |
# Florida building collapse

Florida building collapse may refer to:
* 1974 Miami DEA building collapse
* Harbor Cay condominium collapse, a 1981 collapse of a condominium building under construction
* Surfside condominium collapse, a 2021 collapse of an inhabited building
# Aphomia caffralis

Aphomia caffralis is a species of snout moth in the genus Aphomia. It was described by George Hampson in 1917 and is known from South Africa.
# 1956 10 Hours of Messina

The 4th 10 Hours of Messina was a sports car race, held on 26 August 1956 in the street circuit of Messina, Italy.
In this edition Automobile Club d'Italia to avoid the cancellation he decided to reduce the race to only 5 hours starting at 20 and arriving at 1 in the night, moreover, the route has been reduced by about a kilometer to free the transit for the Regina Margherita hospital.

## Final standings

* Started: 24
* Classified: 11
| # | Drivers | Team | Average speed | Cause of retirement |
| 1. | Phil Hill | Ferrari 500 TR | 116.844 km/h | |
| 2. | Franco Bordoni | Maserati 300S | | |
| 3. | António Borges Barreto | Ferrari | | |
| 4. | Franco Cortese | Ferrari 500 TR | | |
| 5. | Canova | Ferrari | | |
| 6. | Chico Landi Gerino Gerini | Maserati 200S | | |
| 7. | Alotta Alfonso Vella | Maserati 200S | | |
| 8. | Aurelio Garavaglia | Maserati 150S | | |
| 9. | Bob Hicks Jo Bonnier | Lotus Eleven | | |
| 10. | Mario Ricci | Gordini 3.0 | | |
| 11. | Mario Piccolo | Giaur 750 | | |
| not classified | Benoit Musy | Maserati | | Last lap too long |
| DNF | Jo Bonnier | Alfa Romeo 6CM 3000 | | Accident |
| DNF | Gerino Gerini | ? | | |
| DNF | Hans Herrmann | Porsche | | |
| DNF | Piero Carini | Ferrari 500 TR | | |
| DNF | Munaron | ? | | |
| DNF | Herbert Mackay-Fraser | Ferrari 750 Monza | | |
| DNF | Gaetano Starrabba | Ferrari 500 TR | | |
# 2014 UEC European Track Championships – Men's keirin

The Men's keirin was held on 19 October 2014.

## Results
### First round

Top 2 in each heat qualified directly for the second round; the remainder went to the first round repechage.

### First round Repechage

Heat winners qualified for the second round.

### Second round

First three riders in each semi qualified for the final; the remainder went to the small final (for places 7-12).

### Finals

The final classification is determined in the ranking finals.
# Badampudi

Badampudi is a village in Unguturu mandal, located in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Badampudi has an excellent road and rail connectivity to the all major cities of India. Badampudi has a famous Kalikrishna ashram which attracts pilgrims from all other states during winter season.
Badampudi has produced so many talents to the nation working in India and abroad at various positions. ZPH School Badampudi which is there since 1975 has produced so many Engineers, Doctors, Teachers, Army Professionals and politicians. You can see lush green paddy fields welcoming you to the village. Badampudi - BPY has its own railway station.

## Demographics

As of 2011 census, Badampudi village has population of 6654 of which 3350 are males while 3304 are females. Average Sex Ratio of Badampudi village is 986 which is lower than Andhra Pradesh state average of 993. Population of children with age 0-6 is 708 which makes up 10.64% of total population of village. Child Sex Ratio for the Badampudi as per census is 1017, higher than Andhra Pradesh average of 939. Literacy rate of Badampudi village was 71.78% compared to 67.02% of Andhra Pradesh.
# Apostolic Nunciature to El Salvador

The Apostolic Nunciature to El Salvador is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in El Salvador. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. The nuncio resides in San Salvador.

## List of papal representatives to El Salvador
### Apostolic Delegates and Internuncios

* Giovanni Battista Marenco (15 September 1920 – 22 October 1921)
* Angelo Rotta (16 October 1922 – 9 May 1925)
* Giuseppe Fietta (27 February 1926 – 23 September 1930)
* Carlo Chiarlo (28 January 1932 – 30 September 1933)

### Apostolic Nuncios

* Albert Levame (21 December 1933 - 12 November 1939)
* Giuseppe Beltrami (20 February 1940 - 15 November 1945)
* Giovanni Castellani (18 December 1945 - 23 August 1951)
* Gennaro Verolino (5 September 1951 - 25 February 1957)
* Giuseppe Paupini (25 February 1957 - 23 May 1959)
* Ambrogio Marchioni (1 July 1959 - 1 September 1964)
* Bruno Torpigliani (1 September 1964 - 3 August 1968)
* Girolamo Prigione (27 August 1968 - 2 October 1973)
* Emanuele Gerada (8 November 1973 - 15 October 1980)
* Lajos Kada (15 October 1980 - 8 April 1984)
* Francesco De Nittis (24 January 1985 - 25 June 1990)
* Manuel Monteiro de Castro (21 August 1990 - 2 February 1998)
* Giacinto Berloco (5 May 1998 - 24 February 2005)
* Luigi Pezzuto (2 April 2005 - 17 November 2012)
* Léon Kalenga Badikebele (22 February 2013 - 17 March 2018)
* Santo Rocco Gangemi (25 May 2018 – 12 September 2022)
* Luigi Roberto Cona (26 October 2022 – present)
# 1985 Games of the Small States of Europe

The I Games of the Small States of Europe were held in 1985 by the Republic of San Marino.

## Competitions

* Athletics (details)
* Basketball (details)
* Cycling (details)
* Judo (details)
* Shooting (details)
* Swimming (details)
* Weightlifting (details)

## Medal table

Final Table:
* Host nation (San Marino)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Iceland (ISL) | 21 | 7 | 4 | 32 |
| 2 | Cyprus (CYP) | 15 | 8 | 9 | 32 |
| 3 | Luxembourg (LUX) | 11 | 23 | 18 | 52 |
| 4 | San Marino (SMR)* | 2 | 11 | 11 | 24 |
| 5 | Andorra (AND) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Liechtenstein (LIE) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 7 | Monaco (MON) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 8 | Malta (MLT) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | Totals (8 entries) | 49 | 49 | 53 | 151 |
# Frederick Henry Yates

Frederick Henry Yates (4 February 1797 – 21 June 1842) was an English actor and theatre manager.

## Life

Yates was born in London, the youngest son of Thomas Yates, a tobacco manufacturer, of Thames Street and Russell Square. Frederick was educated at a preparatory school at Winchmore Hill and at Charterhouse School (at the former meeting John Reeve, whom he would later work with) before joining the commissariat department. In that job he was with Wellington in the Peninsular War and possibly at the battle of Waterloo.
When peace came, he met Charles Mathews at a fancy ball before accompanying him on a trip to France in winter 1817/18 and becoming an actor on his advice (his first stage appearance was in Boulogne during the trip). He then appeared at Edinburgh before making his London debut on 7 November 1818 at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, where he remained until 1824/25. Through his marriage he was related to the Robertsons who ran the Lincoln and Stamford theatrical circuits, it was not long before he was able to take productions on tour.
James Rodwell, who was the lessee of the Adelphi Theatre, died in 1824 or 1825, and the lease passed to his brother George Herbert Buonaparte Rodwell; it then came on the market, and Yates with Daniel Terry bought it, at a price of £30,000. They opened it on 10 October 1825 with Killigrew, for which they both were in the cast: it included also Benjamin Wrench, John Reeve, and Fanny Elizabeth Fitzwilliam. Yates put on a three-act production of Yates Laughable Entertainments at Stamford Theatre on 13 and 14 June 1827 and Popular Entertainments on 25 and 26 June in Lincoln theatre. In 1829 he brought over a female elephant from Paris to star in the Adelphi theatre and she brought in crowds, its debut in The Elephant of Siam and the Fire Fiend was reported as one of the most successful ever with the walls of the theatre actually shaking from the thunders of applause. Yates took it on tour in 1830 when in August in Newcastle the elephant killed one of its keepers and seriously injured the other.
In 1833 he brought with him Harriet Waylett to perform at King's Lynn theatre.
Yates managed the Adelphi until his retirement from management in 1842 (seven years after his patron Mathews' death in 1835). He also co-managed the Caledonian Theatre, later renamed the Adelphi, on Leith Walk in Edinburgh (with William Henry Murray, 1830–31), the Colosseum in Regent's Park (with John Braham, 1835). He was still acting until the time of his death on 21 June 1842, having just arrived at Euston Square by train, and was buried at St Martin in the Fields.

## Family

Yates married the actress Elizabeth Brunton (21 July 1799 – 30 August 1860) daughter of John Brunton, manager of the Exeter theatre on 7 December 1823. Their son Edmund Hodgson Yates become a journalist, playwright and novelist.
# Flabellobasis capensis

Flabellobasis capensis is a species of snout moth in the genus Flabellobasis. It is found in South Africa, Ghana, Kenya, Namibia, Réunion and Zimbabwe but has also been recorded from Spain.
The wingspan is about 24 mm.
# First warrant officer

First warrant officer (1WO) is a warrant officer rank in the Singapore Armed Forces. It is senior to second warrant officer but junior to master warrant officer.
First warrant officers may be given appointments such as battalion regimental sergeant major. They may serve tours as instructors, or on various staffs. As comparatively senior warrant officers, they may be given appointments normally given to commissioned officers at such as quartermaster at non-combat units or platoon commander at training units.
# Aspergillus amoenus

Aspergillus amoenus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Versicolores section. The species was first described in 1930.
# 2001 World Archery Championships – Men's individual compound

The men's individual compound competition at the 2001 World Archery Championships took place in September 2001 in Beijing, China. 88 archers entered the competition. Following a qualifying 144 arrow FITA round, the top 64 archers qualified for the 6-round knockout tournament, drawn according to their qualification round scores. The semi-finals and finals then took place on 23 September.

## Qualifying

The following archers were the leading 8 qualifiers:
* Dejan Sitar (Champion)
* Clint Freeman (3rd round)
* Gerhard Kranabeter (3rd round)
* Mario Ruele (Quarterfinal)
* Stephane Sauvignon (1st round)
* Morgan Lundin (2nd place)
* Robert Hesse (3rd round)
* Henning Kornbek (3rd round)

## Finals

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 1 | Dejan Sitar | 114* | | | | | | |
| 24 | Rainer Voss | 114 | | | | | | |
| 24 | Rainer Voss | 114 | 1 | Dejan Sitar | 116 | | | |
| | | | 28 | Jose Ignacio Catalan | 112 | | | |
| 28 | Jose Ignacio Catalan | 111 | 28 | Jose Ignacio Catalan | 112 | | | |
| 4 | Mario Ruele | 110 | | | | | | |
| 4 | Mario Ruele | 110 | | | | 1 | Dejan Sitar | 118* |
| | | | | | | 6 | Morgan Lundin | 118 |
| 14 | Michael Peart | 114 | | | | | | | 6 | Morgan Lundin | 118 |
| 6 | Morgan Lundin | 115 | | | |
| 6 | Morgan Lundin | 115 | 6 | Morgan Lundin | 118 | Third place | Third place | Third place |
| | | | 18 | Morten Bøe | 116 |
| 10 | Antonio Tosco | 111 | 18 | Morten Bøe | 116 | 28 | Jose Ignacio Catalan | 115 |
| 18 | Morten Bøe | 115 | | | | 18 | Morten Bøe | 115* |
# 2001–02 UAE Football League

Statistics of UAE Football League for the 2001–02 season.

## Overview

It was contested by 12 teams, and Al Ain FC won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Al Ain | 22 | 14 | 5 | 3 | 44 | 23 | +21 | 47 |
| 2 | Al Jazira | 22 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 50 | 33 | +17 | 38 |
| 3 | Al Shaab | 22 | 9 | 10 | 3 | 40 | 26 | +14 | 37 |
| 4 | Al Wahda | 22 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 55 | 38 | +17 | 36 |
| 5 | Al Ahli | 22 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 42 | 35 | +7 | 30 |
| 6 | Al Wasl | 22 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 34 | 31 | +3 | 30 |
| 7 | Sharjah | 22 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 28 |
| 8 | Al Nasr | 22 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 28 |
| 9 | Kalba | 22 | 8 | 2 | 12 | 28 | 36 | −8 | 26 |
| 10 | Al Shabab | 22 | 3 | 10 | 9 | 29 | 39 | −10 | 19 |
| 11 | Al Khaleej | 22 | 3 | 9 | 10 | 35 | 61 | −26 | 18 |
| 12 | Baniyas | 22 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 22 | 57 | −35 | 16 |
# Bachhuber

Bachhuber is a German surname.
Notable people with this surname include:
* Andrew Bachhuber (1856–?), American farmer and politician
* Frank E. Bachhuber (1884–1939), American politician
* Martin Bachhuber (born 1955), German politician
* Max Bachhuber (1832–1879), American farmer and politician
* Nina Lola Bachhuber (born 1971), German artist
* Ruth Bachhuber Doyle (October 14, 1916 – May 6, 2006), American politician
# Archaeological Museum of Mykonos

The Archaeological Museum of Mykonos is a museum in Mykonos, Greece. It was built in 1902 to house the findings from the Putrefaction Pit of 425/426 BC, which was discovered in 1898 on the islet of Rheneia by D. Stavropoulos. It is one of the oldest museums in Greece and was designed by Alexandros Lykakis and funded by the Ministry of Education and the Archaeological Society of Athens. The land as donated by the Municipality of Mykonos. Its collections include exhibits dating from the Prehistoric to the Hellenistic period.
The original Neoclassical building underwent refurbishments and expansions in the 1930s and 1960s and the large eastern room was added in 1972. The museum contains artefacts from the neighbouring island Rhenia, including 9th- to 8th-century BC ceramic pottery from the Cyclades and 7th- to 6th-century BC works from other areas in the Aegean. Its most famous item is the large vase produced in Tinos, showing scenes from the fall of Troy.

## Gallery

* Early Cycladic pottery, 2800-2300 BC
* Donkey vase, orientalizing style, probably from Sifnos, 700-650 BC
* Large relief pithos, capture of Troy, 675-650 BC
* Large relief pithos, capture of Troy, detail, 675-650 BC
* Melian amphora, a girl with earring, 625-600 BC
* Kouros as a handle, archaic small bronze, 560-540 BC
* Pelike, sales of oil, Eucharidés painter, 520-500 BC
* Amphora, Dionysus and menade, Shuvalov Painter, 450-425 BC
* Heracles, Parakastri, Roman copy of a classical Attic work
# Flash spotting

Flash spotting was a military method of detecting the position of enemy guns at long range where the gun could not be observed directly, and was developed during World War I. The flashes could be observed at night as reflections from the sky. The purpose was then to call up friendly guns to destroy the enemy guns' position. Theoretically this could be achieved by several observers spotting the flash from a particular gun and then plotting the intersection of the bearings.
This was extremely difficult with multiple guns firing since several observers could not be sure they were all looking at the same gun. The British solved this using a flashboard located at HQ fitted with a combination of buzzers and signal lights connected to the observers by telephone wires. Using this system, after a sequence of observations, all observers could be sure they were looking at the same gun flashing and its position determined by triangulation.
# 1985 Gator Bowl

The 1985 Gator Bowl game was a post-season college football bowl game between the Florida State University Seminoles and the Oklahoma State Cowboys, and was played on Monday, December 30, 1985, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the 41st edition of the bowl game.

## Game summary

Freshman quarterback Chip Ferguson threw for 338 yards and a pair of touchdowns, and Tony Smith added 201 yards rushing as Florida State defeated Oklahoma State, 34–23, in the 41st annual Gator Bowl.
FSU, which entered the game without its top three receivers, tricked Oklahoma State's defense by throwing on 15 of its first 20 plays. Derek Schmidt field goals of 23 and 39 yards, and a 39-yard touchdown catch by Herb Gainer sandwiched in between, gave FSU a 13–0 halftime lead.
Oklahoma State got on the scoreboard following the intermission when a 63-yard drive ended in a 33-yard field goal by Brad Dennis.
Ferguson, who was named Florida State's MVP, went back to the air, taking the Seminoles 73 yards on the next series before handing off to senior fullback Cletis Jones for a three-yard touchdown run. An interception by Deion Sanders gave the ball back to FSU, and Ferguson used just five plays before hitting Gainer with a 19-yard touchdown pass. That made the score 27–3, Florida State.
Oklahoma State didn't give up with Cowboy quarterback Ronnie William passing 29 yards to All-America tailback Thurman Thomas for an Oklahoma State touchdown. Following a Ferguson fumble, Williams handed off to Thomas, who threw back to the quarterback for a 12-yard touchdown that closed the score to 27–17.
Early in the fourth quarter, Ferguson scored from one yard out to give the Seminoles a 17-point cushion. The Cowboys added a late touchdown on a 31–yard pass from Williams to Hart Lee Dykes.
Sophomore wide receiver Randy White, who had never caught a pass at FSU, grabbed four passes for 87 yards in the first half while Gainer, who had caught just five during the regular season, hauled in seven for 148 yards and two touchdown. Smith's 201 rushing yards came on 24 carries.
The Seminole defense held Thomas in check the entire game, limiting him to 97 yards on 26 attempts. Florida State finished the season with a 9–3 record.