OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jackson, Pennsylvania

Jackson is an unincorporated community in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located at the intersection of state routes 92 and 492, 7.3 miles (11.7 km) south of Susquehanna Depot. Jackson has a post office with ZIP code 18825.
# Iceland at the 1912 Summer Olympics

Iceland competed in the Summer Olympic Games at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. Olympic historians treat Iceland's results separate from those of Denmark despite Iceland's lack of independence at the time.

## Athletics

A single athlete represented Iceland in athletics in the nation's debut at the sport and the Olympics. Halldórsson ran in the 100 metres, finishing fourth in his first round heat and not advancing to the semifinals.
Ranks given are within that athlete's heat for running events.
| Athlete | Events | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Events | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Jón Halldórsson | 100 m | 12.4 | 4 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

## Wrestling
### Greco-Roman

Iceland's Olympic debut also included a wrestler. Pétursson advanced to the fifth round of the light heavyweight competition on the strength of a 3–2 record (making Iceland one of a very few countries to have a winning record in wrestling). He did so despite facing four wrestlers from the dominant Finland team. Pétursson remains the only wrestler to represent Iceland at the Olympics.
| Wrestler | Class | First round | Second round | Third round | Fourth round | Fifth round | Sixth round | Seventh round | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Wrestler | Class | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Match A Opposition Result | Match B Opposition Result | Match C Opposition Result | Rank |
| Sigurjón Pétursson | Light heavyweight | Lind (FIN) W | Salila (FIN) W | Wiklund (FIN) L | Rajala (FIN) W | Varga (HUN) L | Did not advance | N/A | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | 6 |
# James Dunsmure (physician)

James Dunsmure FRCSEd (1 January 1846 – 5 July 1907) was a Scottish physician and obstetrician who, as his father had done before him, served as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

## Early life and education

James Dunsmure was born in Edinburgh on 1 January 1846 and baptised on 5 February that year. He was the son of James Dunsmure (1814 -1886) and his wife Catherine (née Hill). His father was a surgeon in Edinburgh and had been president of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd). He was educated at the Edinburgh Academy and studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School, graduating MB, CM in 1867. That same year he became a Licentiate of the RCSEd. As a student he lived in the family home at 53 Queen Street, Edinburgh next door to the obstetrician Sir James Young Simpson, an association which may have influenced his choice of career speciality.

## Career

He worked in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE) as house surgeon to Professor James Spence and then as house physician to Dr Daniel Haldane. After further postgraduate experience studying in Berlin, Vienna and Prague, he returned to Edinburgh and qualified MD in 1870 with a thesis entitled Pathology and treatment of strictures of the urethra. In 1871 he became a Fellow of the RCSEd. He joined his father’s Edinburgh practice , specialising in obstetrics and diseases of children. For ten years acted as Physician to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, and was obstetrician to the New Town Dispensary. When his father retired he took over his practice and also acted as Medical officer to the Trinity College Hospital, Physician to John Watson’s Institution, and surgeon to the Trades Maiden Hospital and to the North British Railway Company.He served as a governor of Donaldson’s Hospital and as a manager of the RIE.
In 1890 he was living at 53 Queen Street, Edinburgh.

## Honours and awards

In 1872 he was elected a member of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh and in 1892 he was elected a member of the Aesculapian Club. He was elected president of the RCSEd in 1899. During his term of office the University of Glasgow conferred on him the honorary degree of LL.D. He was a main organiser of the quatercentenary celebration of the RCSEd which took place in 1905.
He died in Edinburgh on 15 July 1907 and is buried in the Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh.

## Family

He was married with one daughter. His brother Robert Dunsmure (1852–94) emigrated to Australia where he became a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.
# Chiasmocleis atlantica

Chiasmocleis atlantica is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# John Whiteley

John Whiteley may refer to:
* John Whiteley (missionary) (1806–1869), English Methodist missionary to New Zealand
* John Whiteley (politician) (1898–1943), British Conservative Party politician, MP for Buckingham 1937–43
* John Peter Whiteley (born 1955), British cricketer
* John Scott Whiteley (born 1950), English organist
* John Whiteley (British Army officer) (1896–1970), British Army general
# Ceylon Railway Engineer Corps

Ceylon Railway Engineer Corps was a departmental corps of the Ceylon Defense Force from 1943 to 1945 and of the Ceylon Volunteer Force 1955 to 1956 consisting of staff from the Ceylon Government Railway. The government hoped to minimized the effects to the Post and Telegraph services in the event of trade union action (strikes were common) by mobilizing the personnel attached to this unit. However it was disbanded in 1956 when the leftist S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike became prime minister.
# Jacob Masen

Jacob Masen (28 March 1606 - 27 September 1681) was a German Jesuit priest, historian, dramatist and theologian. He is known as a prolific writer in Latin.

## Life

He was born at Dahlen in Jülich, and studied in Cologne. Having entered the Order of Jesus in 1629, he taught poetry and rhetoric in the Lower Rhine region. After theological studies he was ordained priest between 1639 and 1641. On the 3 May 1648 he took his final vows in Cologne. where he also acted as a preacher. He also acted in Paderborn and Trier. He died, aged 75, in Cologne.

## Works

He completed a substantial antiquarian work on Trier by Christoph Brouwer.
His epic poem Sarcotis (1654) became notorious in the 18th century, after William Lauder alleged that John Milton had plagiarised it in writing Paradise Lost.
With Jacob Bidermann, he was one of the most important Jesuit dramatists influencing German drama.
# 2017 Kakinada Municipal Corporation election

The 2017 Kakinada Municipal Corporation election was held on 10 August 2017. Its purpose was to elect members for all 48 wards of the municipal corporation for this municipality in India. After three decades of running, the Telugu Desam Party won the election, securing 32 of the 48 seats.

## Election schedule

| Date | Event |
| 7 August 2017 | Opening for filing Nominations |
| 10 August 2017 | Last Date for filing Nominations |
| 11 August 2017 | The nominations were scrutinized |
| 12 August 2017 | Opening date for candidates to withdrawal |
| 13 August 2017 | Last date for voluntary withdrawals and publication of contesting candidates |
| 29 August 2017 | Poll took place |
| 1 September 2017 | Counting took place and the TDP won |
| 16 September 2017 | Sunkara Pavani was elected mayor |
# Iceland at the 1936 Summer Olympics

Iceland competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.

## Results by event
### Athletics
#### Key

* Note – Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

#### Track & road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Sveinn Ingvarsson | 100 m | | 5 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

#### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Sigurður Sigurðsson | Triple jump | | | 13.58 | 22 |
| Sigurður Sigurðsson | High jump | 1.80 | 23 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Kristján Vattnes | Javelin throw | 52.0 | 22 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

#### Combined events – Decathlon

| Athlete | Event | 100 m | LJ | SP | HJ | 400 m | 110H | DT | PV | JT | 1500 m | Final | Rank |
| Karl Vilmundarson | Result | 12.6 | 5.06 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | DNF |
| Karl Vilmundarson | Points | 495 | 472 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | DNF |

### Water polo

* Men (8 athletes)
# Chaukham

Chaukham is a village development committee in Baitadi District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,026 and 341 houses in the village.
# Clifford Leznoff

Clifford Clarke Leznoff is a Canadian chemist, currently a Distinguished Research Professor at York University.
# Cheng Yu-tung Family

The Cheng Yu-tung Family refers to a wealthy Hong Kong–based family best known for controlling Chow Tai Fook, via which it also owns New World Development and Rosewood Hotel Group, among other businesses.
The businesses are currently being led by Adrian Cheng, the third-generation, and has been called by Citigroup research as being "brave and innovative" among other scions in Hong Kong.

## Notable family members

* Cheng Yu-tung (1925–2018); founder of Chow Tai Fook
** Henry Cheng (b. 1946); chairman of New World Development
*** Adrian Cheng (b. 1979); CEO of New World Development
*** Sonia Cheng (b. 1980); CEO of Rosewood Hotel Group
*** Brian Cheng (b. 1982); co-CEO of NWS Holdings
*** Christopher Cheng (b. 1989); CEO of NWS Modern Logistics Limited
** Peter Cheng (b. 1952)
*** Conroy Cheng (b. 1977)
*** Conrad Cheng (b. 1979)

## Charity

Since 2019, New World has been involved in donating land to build public housing in Hong Kong.

## Businesses

* Chow Tai Fook
* New World Development
* NWS Holdings
* Rosewood Hotel Group (parent company of Rosewood Hotels & Resorts)
# Jon Atle Gaarder

Jon Atle Gaarder (27 November 1934 – 14 March 2020) was a Norwegian diplomat.
Gaarder was born in Årnes in the county of Hedmark in Norway and grew up in Skarnes. He attended the Norwegian Military Academy, and was an active military officer before joining the foreign service in 1962. He was a counsellor for the Norwegian delegation to NATO from 1975 to 1979. In 1984 he was appointed as the Norwegian ambassador to Saudi Arabia, and he also represented Norway in the United Arab Emirates, Yemen and Oman. In 1990 he became the Norwegian ambassador to India, with additional representation in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and the Maldives. He left in 1994, and in 1996 he became the Norwegian ambassador to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, with additional representation in Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia and Albania. From 1999 to 2001 he was the Norwegian ambassador to Lithuania.
He was decorated as a Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.
# Chain-linked model

The chain-linked model or Kline model of innovation was introduced by mechanical engineer Stephen J. Kline in 1985, and further described by Kline and economist Nathan Rosenberg in 1986. The chain-linked model is an attempt to describe complexities in the innovation process. The model is regarded as Kline's most significant contribution.

## Description

In the chain-linked model, new knowledge is not necessarily the driver for innovation. Instead, the process begins with the identification of an unfilled market need. This drives research and design, then redesign and production, and finally marketing, with complex feedback loops between all the stages. There are also important feedback loops with the organization's and the world's stored base of knowledge, with new basic research conducted or commissioned as necessary, to fill in gaps.
It is often contrasted with the so-called linear model of innovation, in which basic research leads to applied development, then engineering, then manufacturing, and finally marketing and distribution.

## Applications

The Kline model was conceived primarily with commercial industrial settings in mind, but has found broad applicability in other settings, for example in military technology development. Variations and extensions of the model have been described by a number of investigators.
# Chariesthes rutila

Chariesthes rutila is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Karl Jordan in 1894. It is known from Gabon and Equatorial Guinea.
# Botanical Garden of Lourizán

The Botanical Garden of Lourizán is an arboretum of some 54 hectares in the municipality of Pontevedra in Spain. It has more than 850 catalogued species and one of the largest collections in Spain. It is the most important botanical garden in Galicia.

## Location

The Lourizán Arboretum is located on the northern slopes of the Morrazo massif, at the end of the Pontevedra Ria, between Pontevedra and Marín, about 3 kilometres from the centre of Pontevedra.

## History

The origins of the property date back to the 15th century, when it was still a farm. The arboretum was created in 1949 with exotic and Galician species.
In the 19th century, the estate was acquired by the politician Eugenio Montero Ríos, who made the Lourizán Palace his summer residence and a meeting place for the most prominent Spanish figures of the time.
In 1943, by order of the Ministry of National Education on 25 February, the Lourizán estate was created in Pontevedra, donated for this purpose by the Pontevedra Provincial Council. The study of fast-growing forest species was started there, with the aim of satisfying the Spanish needs for wood in those years.
The estate and palace of Lourizán were the place of practice for the students of the Madrid School of Forestry Engineers until it became part of the Galician Government. This autonomous government created the Lourizán Forest and Environment Research Centre in its facilities.

## Description

In this botanical garden, there are 700 different species and more than 1900 trees from all over the world, many of which are of great size. Among them, a cedar of Lebanon over 130 years old and the oldest metasequoia in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the tallest in Europe, which has been in Lourizán since 1951.
Since 1993, the Parque das Autonomías has been located inside the park, with almost 50 species of flora representative of the different autonomous communities of Spain. There are also areas dedicated to the flora of Taiwan and Australia, as well as the Eucaliptetetum and Coniferetum, with more than 85 and 170 different species respectively.
Many native trees grow on the estate, such as oaks, chestnuts and birches, sycamores and introduced and exotic trees, such as cypresses, araucarias, cedars, magnolias or common privet, many of which were brought in by French gardeners. Several of these trees are included in the Catalogue of Singular Trees of the Galician Government. There are arboretums with all varieties of chestnut trees, pines, eucalyptus or camellias, with the tallest specimen in the world, a 20.5 metre tall Japanese camellia. There is also a rimu from New Zealand and a small Taiwanese garden.
In the park there is an important collection of Camellias. It is believed that old specimens of camellias from Lourizán belonged to the Portuguese horticultural establishment of José Marques Loureiro in the 19th century. Most of the Merino herbarium is also located in the arboretum.

## Activities of the research centre

* Genetic improvement.
* Introduction of tree species.
# CYP6M2

CYP6M2 is a gene location in Anopheles gambiae chromosome 3R, involved in the insecticide resistant. The enzyme encoded by this gene is capable of directly metabolizing pyrethroids, belongs to the cytochrome P450 family CYP6
# Canton of Hayange

The canton of Hayange is an administrative division of the Moselle department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Hayange.
It consists of the following communes:
* Clouange
* Hayange
* Gandrange
* Moyeuvre-Grande
* Moyeuvre-Petite
* Ranguevaux
* Rosselange
* Serémange-Erzange
* Vitry-sur-Orne
# John Ashe

John Ashe may refer to:
* John Ashe (minister) (1671–1735), English dissenting minister
* John Ashe (of Freshford) (1597–1658), MP for Westbury
* John Ashe (priest) (born 1953), Church of England priest and Archdeacon of Lynn
* John Ashe (general) (c. 1720–1781), American Revolutionary War figure
* John Baptista Ashe (delegate) (1748–1802), North Carolina delegate to the Continental Congress
* John Baptista Ashe (representative) (1810–1857), U.S. Congressman from Tennessee
* John William Ashe (1954–2016), President of the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly
# Janus Metz Pedersen

Janus Metz Pedersen (born 27 September 1974) is a Danish film director and documentary filmmaker.

## Work

Metz worked as a documentary researcher and moved to South Africa. There he worked on the television drama Soul City before making his debut documentary short Township Boys in 2006. His feature documentaries include Love on Delivery and Ticket to Paradise. These two films are a two-part series depicting women in a situation of mail-ordered brides from Vietnam and Thailand to Denmark.
In 2010, Pedersen directed Armadillo.
In 2015, Pedersen directed the third episode, "Maybe Tomorrow", of the second season of True Detective, starring Colin Farrell, Rachel McAdams and Vince Vaughn.
Metz directed the 2017 film Borg vs McEnroe.
After this Metz returned to the documentaries by making Heartbound: A Different Kind of Love Story (2018) about more than 900 Thai women married to men in a small region of Denmark.
He directed three episodes of ZeroZeroZero, which premiered on Sky Atlantic, Italy, in February 2020.
He was the director of the Amazon production All the Old Knives, released in 2022, an American spy thriller film written by Olen Steinhauer.

## Awards

* Winner at BFI London Film Festival, Cannes Film Festival, Critics' Choice Movie Award and Shaken's Stars.
* Official selection of Brisbane International Film Festival, Cleveland International Film Festival and Toronto International Film Festival.
# Jonathan Erlichman

Jonathan Erlichman, nicknamed "J-Money", is a Canadian professional baseball coach for the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is the first analytics coach in MLB.

## Career

Erlichman grew up in the Yonge-Eglinton area in Toronto, Ontario. His only experience as a baseball player was in t-ball at the age of five. At age 13, Erlichman read Moneyball, which cultivated his interest in baseball analytics. He attended the prestigious Upper Canada College for his secondary education, where he further developed his mathematical prowess.
Erlichman earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Princeton University in 2012. Erlichman then worked as an intern for the Toronto Blue Jays. He obtained his first fulltime job from the Rays in January 2013 (which is when Andrew Friedman, the then General Manager of the Rays, nicknamed Erlichman “J-Money”) and in December 2016 became their director of analytics. In December 2018, the Rays named Erlichman to their coaching staff as MLB's first process and analytics coach.
Erlichman was a coach for the Rays during their 2020 World Series appearance, was a coach for the American League All Star team in the 2021 MLB All-Star Game, and was the analytics advisor for the Dominican Republic national baseball team during the 2023 World Baseball Classic.
Erlichman joined the Pittsburgh Penguins organization of the NHL in August 2024 after having spent the previous 12 seasons with the Tampa Bay Rays.

## Personal

He lives in St. Petersburg, Florida with his wife Casey. The couple has a daughter. His cousin, Michael Cammalleri, played in the National Hockey League for 15 seasons.
# Işanguly Nuryýew

Işanguly Nuryýew (born 1953 in Balkanabat, Turkmenistan) is a Turkmen statesman. He was Deputy Minister of Oil and Gas Industry and Mineral Resources of Turkmenistan (2005—2007).

## Biography

Işanguly Nuryýew was born in 1953 in Balkanabat, Turkmenistan.
Since 1973, he worked at the enterprise "Turkmencolomtaslama".
In 1973—1974, he worked at the woodworking enterprise of Ashgabat, then the driver of the Central Department of Forecasting of Turkmenistan.
In 1974—1979, he studied at the Turkmen Polytechnic Institute by specialty "Mining engineer" (drilling of oil and gas wells).
In 1989 he worked as a drill master, engineer of the Etrapian engineering and technical service of the petroleum expedition of the industrial association "Turkmengeology".
In 1989—1993, he was head of the central engineering and technical service of the Eastern expedition of the deep drilling of the association "Turkmengeology".
In 1993—2005, the chief engineer of the Karakum administration of mechanized works, an engineer of a hydrogeological trust, head of the paramilitary service to combat oil and gas fountains.
From 2005 — State Minister — Chairman of the State corporation "Turkmengeology".
From December 2005 to March 2007 — Deputy Minister of Oil and Gas Industry and Mineral Resources of Turkmenistan.

## Participation in the presidential election

On December 26, 2006, he was nominated by the People's Council of Turkmenistan to be a candidate in the presidential election scheduled for February 11, 2007. Nuryýew finished third with 2.38% of the votes.
Was arrested a month after the elections and convicted for a long time.

## Awards

* Award «Altyn Asyr»
* Award «Gayrat»
* Award «Watana bolan söygüsi üçin»
# Jacobaea aquatica

Jacobaea aquatica or Senecio aquaticus, the water ragwort or marsh ragwort, is a plant of the family Asteraceae. It is a perennial or biennial plant: young plants form a rosette near the ground, eventually producing a taller flowering shoot with many bright yellow flower heads, each with prominent ray florets. It grows in damp, grazed grassland, especially where there has been some disturbance.

## Biogeography

Jacobaea aquatica is endemic to Europe. It may be found throughout the continent, except Finland and Eastern Europe. There are small populations in the European part of Turkey and on Svalbard.
# 25th Infantry Division (Poland)

The 25th Infantry Division (Polish: 25 Dywizja Piechoty) was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period, created in 1921 with headquarters in Kalisz. It consisted of the following regiments:
* 29th Infantry Regiment, stationed in Kalisz,
* 56th Infantry Regiment, stationed in Krotoszyn,
* 60th Infantry Regiment, stationed in Ostrów Wielkopolski.
During the Polish September Campaign the Division, under General Franciszek Alter, was part of the Poznań Army. It took part in the border battle, defending Krotoszyn on 1 September 1939. However, parts of the 56th Infantry Regiment were defeated near Rawicz.
For the next days, the Division was in retreat, together with the whole Army. On 8 September it was positioned near Koło, then it took part in the Battle of the Bzura, attacking the Germans at Ozorków and Łęczyca. In the evening of 9 September the division managed to recapture Łęczyca, but a few days later it was ordered to retreat. On 17 September the unit forced its way into the Kampinos Wilderness, where it soon afterwards engaged in bloody skirmishes. After 20 September the remnants of the Division reached Warsaw, taking part in the defence of the city.