OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacques Meertens

Jacques Meertens (born 16 April 1948) is a Dutch clarinetist. He was the principal clarinetist of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra from September 1990 until his retirement in April 2013. He plays on a German Reform-Boehm system clarinet.
A native of Limburg, Meertens studied at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam with Bram de Wilde, who was principal clarinetist at the Concertgebouw Orchestra between 1940 and 1975. Meertens was clarinetist at the Nederlands Balletorkest [nl] and Noordhollands Philharmonisch Orkest [nl] in Haarlem before he joined the Concertgebouw Orchestra.
# Charles Dubin

Charles Leonard Dubin OC OOnt QC (April 4, 1921 – October 27, 2008) was a Canadian lawyer and former Chief Justice of Ontario. He led the Dubin inquiry into the use of steroids by athletes.

## Early life

Charles Leonard Dubin was born on April 4, 1921, in Hamilton, Ontario, the son of Harry and Ethel Dubin. He received a B.A. from the University of Toronto in 1941 and an LL.B. from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1944. He was called to the Bar of Ontario in June 1944 and was created a King's Counsel in December 1950. In 1945, he married Anne Levine, who died in 2007. They had no children.

## Legal and judicial career

He practiced law with the law firm Kimber, Dubin, Brunner & Armstrong which later merged to form Tory Tory DesLauriers & Binnington where he was a counsel and a senior partner. In 1973, he was appointed to the Court of Appeal for Ontario. In 1987, he was appointed Associate Chief Justice and Chief Justice in 1990. He served until 1996 when he rejoined Torys as a counsel.
He served on two royal commissions: the Dubin inquiry (1988) a royal commission regarding the use of performance-enhancing drugs in which sprinter Ben Johnson admitted wrongdoing; and a royal commission regarding safety in aviation (1979).

## Honours

In 1997, he was awarded the Order of Ontario and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in recognition for having made "a profound and lasting effect upon the Canadian judiciary". He was awarded honorary degrees from the University of Toronto, Law Society of Upper Canada, and York University.
Dubin died on October 27, 2008, at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, after being hospitalized for ten days due to bacterial pneumonia. He was buried at Holy Blossom Memorial Park in Toronto.
# Con Gorozidis

Con Gorozidis (born 20 September 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda and Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Gorozidis was a leading junior player with the East Brighton Football Club and had made his senior football debut at only sixteen with Victorian Football Association (VFA) side Caulfield. He was recruited by St Kilda where he made his senior VFL debut in round 8, 1980, against Geelong Football Club at Geelong's home ground, Kardinia Park. Gorozidis was St Kilda Football Club leading goalkicker in 1981, with 34 goals, but he played only one more season with St Kilda before transferring to rival VFL club Footscray for the 1983 VFL season.
Gorozidis played only one season with Footscray before returning to the VFA with Sandringham Football Club playing in the 1985 premiership.
After moving on from Sandringham Goro returned to East Brighton where he played in a premierships with mate John Bennett. Other clubs Con played for include Hampton Park, Bentleigh, Hampton Hammers and Murrumbeena.
He was also a successful cricketer, playing for over 30 years for the Brighton Union Cricket Club in the City of Moorabbin Cricket Association.
# John Martin Brewery

John Martin is the name of a beer brewery in Genval (Walloon Brabant), Belgium, founded in 1909 by English businessman John Martin (1886-1966). A family company, it is currently run by his grandson, Anthony Martin. Besides brewing Belgian-style ales, the company also imports British and Irish beers, and produces soft drinks for Schweppes under license. It is the oldest Guinness distributor in the world.
In 1993 the company bought Timmermans Brewery, a lambic beer brewery from Itterbeek founded in 1702.
In 2015, the company opened the new Brasserie de Waterloo at Mont Saint Jean. In 2016, it opened the Bourgogne des Flandres brewery in Bruges.
# John Oakman

John Oakman (c.1748–1793) was an English engraver and writer.

## Life

Oakman was born in Hendon about 1748, and was educated at a grammar school. He was apprenticed to the map-engraver Emanuel Bowen, but left before completing his indenture, in consequence of an affair with his daughter, whom he afterwards married.
He kept a shop in partnership with Matthias Darly for the sale of caricatures and similar prints, "but the love of pleasure and good company got so much the better of his judgment that he was soon put to other contrivances to obtain a living." Having some literary facility, he made money by writing several disreputable novels, such as The Life and Adventures of Benjamin Brass (1765), partly based on his early life, The History of Sir Edward Haunch, and others. His book The Adventures of William Williams, an African Prince, whom Oakman met in Liverpool prison, had some success through its attack on slavery as an institution. "He wrote for two guineas a set of two volumes; and such was his rapidity, that he could produce one work a week."
Oakman had a gift for song-writing, and wrote many popular songs for Vauxhall Gardens, Bermondsey Spa and elsewhere; he also wrote burlettas for the performances at Astley's Amphitheatre. He engraved on wood illustrations for children's books and cheap literature. After a somewhat vagrant life, Oakman died destitute at his sister's house in Westminster in October 1793, and was buried at Holy Trinity Minories.
# John Murray (physician)

Dr John Murray FRSE FGS (1778–1820) was a 19th century British physician and prominent scientist, working in the fields of physics, chemistry, and geology, and described by Brydges as a "Chemical Philiospher". His first important published work, "Elements of Chemistry", appeared when he was only 23.

## Life

He was born in Edinburgh in 1778 and educated at the High School. He studied Medicine at St Andrews University graduating around 1798.
He appears in Edinburgh again in 1810 as a lecturer in Chemistry. He later also lectured in Materia Medica, Pharmacy and Natural Philosophy (Physics).
In 1812 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh for his contributions to Geology, his proposers being Thomas Charles Hope, Robert Jameson, and Sir George Steuart Mackenzie. He was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1815 and was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of London. He presented 28 papers to the Royal Society, the most important relating to proposals for a safety lamp for miners.
He received his doctorate (MD) in 1814.
He lived at 31 Nicolson Street in south Edinburgh and died there on 22 July 1820.

## Family

His children included Dr John Murray (1798–1873) who emigrated to Australia and died in Melbourne.

## Publications

* Elements of Chemistry (1801)
* A Comparative view of Huttonian and Neptunian Systems of Geology (1802)
* Elements of Materia Medica and Pharmacy (1804)
* A System of Chemistry (1806/7)
# John McAra House

The John McAra House is a single-family home located at 2157 Irish Road in Davison, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
John McAra built this house in 1892. It is a two-story brick Queen Anne structure with a slate roof and a large, open wrap-around porch in the front. The porch has a lattice-like tower section, turned columns, and decorative bargeboards. The panels in the gable ends are ornately carved. The house is one of the most sophisticated examples of rural Queen Anne styling in the surrounding area.
# Conrad Holck

Frederik Vilhelm Conrad Holck (1745–1800) was a Danish nobleman and courtier.

## Biography

Holck was the son of Major General Christian Christopher Holck til Orebygård (1698–1774) and Ermegaard Sophie Winterfeldt (1702–56). He was raised on the family estate at Guldborgsund. He came to court as a chamber page at a young age. Holck was a favorite companion of king Christian VII of Denmark during the first years of his reign, and were regarded to have a bad influence upon the monarch by encouraging him in decadent pleasures and by distancing him from his consort Queen Caroline Matilda
He was appointed Chamberlain in 1767 and Privy Councilor (geheimeråd) in 1769.
In 1770, however, he was removed from court upon the influence of royal physician Johann Friedrich Struensee and replaced by Royal Chamberlain Enevold Brandt. In 1789, he obtained the office of county governor over Kiel, Cronshagen and Bordesholm. The remainder of his life was spent at Kiel where he died in 1800.
# John Parker (painter, fl. 1762–1776)

John Parker (fl. 1762–1776) was a British painter.

## Biography

After some study in the Duke of Richmond's gallery of casts in London, Parker went to Chichester, where he studied landscape-painting under the brothers George and John Smith, the well-known landscape-painters. On returning to London he resided in Stangate Lane, Lambeth, near Westminster Bridge. In 1762 he exhibited a still-life in crayons at the Free Society of Artists, in 1763 ‘A Cock,’ also in crayons, and in 1764 another still-life. In 1765 and the following years he exhibited landscapes. In 1768 he went to Rome for two years, returning in 1770, when he again exhibited landscapes in the Italian manner both at the Free Society of Artists and at the Royal Academy. His name appears for the last time as an exhibitor in 1776. He was then residing at 26 Portman Street, London.
# John McEwen House

The John McEwen House, or National Party Headquarters, is the head-office, or headquarters, of the Federal National Party. It was officially opened by Prime Minister John Gorton on 4 November 1968. Unlike the Liberal Party Headquarters, the National Party HQ was built in honour of former Prime Minister and National Party Leader John McEwen whom was Deputy Prime Minister (alive) at the time. Whereas the Liberal Party HQ was renamed in honour of Robert Menzies posthumously. The total cost of the building was A$262,000, over $200k of which being donated for the project. As well as being the head-office for the National Party it also serves offices of other organisations, including the Argentine embassy, and the National Party think tank: the Page Research Centre.
John McEwen House was sold to superannuation fund ISPT Pty Ltd in April 2020 for approximately $15 million, with the Nationals remaining as tenants under a leaseback arrangement.
# John McFarland (baseball)

John McFarland is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1940s.
McFarland played for the New York Black Yankees in 1944 and again in 1947. In ten recorded career appearances on the mound, he posted an 11.57 ERA over 25.2 innings.
# John McGrath (New South Wales politician)

John Francis McGrath (1 September 1893 – 20 December 1971) was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1941 until 1959. He was a member of the NSW Branch of the Australian Labor Party and held a number of ministerial positions including Minister for Housing.

## Early life and career

McGrath was born in Chicago, the son of a publican and migrated with his family to Australia at age nine. He was educated at St Aloysius' College and initially worked as an electrician. He became an official of the Electrical Trades Union but left the industry to become a hotel owner. After owning several hotels, including losing one in Rockdale during the Great Depression, McGrath leased the Bexley Hotel and became a proprietor of other hotels in the Bexley area. McGrath was soon active in community organisations, becoming president of Bexley Chamber of Commerce from 1936 until 1970. McGrath was elected as an alderman on the Bexley Municipal Council at a by-election in 1937, and served until 1944. He was the deputy mayor for three terms in 1938–1941 and served as a Bexley delegate on the St George County Council.

## Political career

McGrath was the defeated ALP candidate at the 1939 by-election for the seat of Hurstville which was won by Clive Evatt of the Industrial Labor Party. He was eventually elected to the New South Wales parliament as the Labor member for new seat of Rockdale at the 1941 election. He retained the seat for the next five elections and retired at the 1959 election. In 1947, he was elected Government Whip and served until his promotion to the cabinet in 1953.
McGrath held ministerial positions in the government of Joseph Cahill. He was a Minister without portfolio in 1953, and was appointed the Minister for Housing in 1954 and the Secretary for Public Works from 1956 until his retirement. In this role he was responsible for the early construction work on the Sydney Opera House.
# Conference of Women in the Visual Arts

The Conference of Women in the Visual Arts was an event held on April 20, 1972, through 22, 1972 at the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington DC. The conference was organized by Cynthia Bickley, Mary Beth Edelson, Barbara Frank, Enid Sanford, Susan Sollins, Josephine Withers, and Yvonne Wulff. The impetus behind the conference was anger over the complete lack of women represented at the Corcoran Biennial the previous year, 1971. The three day conference consisted of lectures and panels of women artists and art historians. It was attended by over 300 female artists, art historians, critics and museum curators.
Notable speakers and attendees included Liza Bear, Adelyn Dohme Breeskin, Judy Chicago, Elaine de Kooning, Helen Frankenthaler, Alice Neel, Cindy Nemser, Linda Nochlin, M. C. Richards, Linda Frommer, Enid Sanford, Miriam Schapiro, and June Wayne.
It was one of the first conferences to focus on the place of women in the visual arts, encouraging participation and consciousness-raising.
# ConMed

ConMed may refer to:
* CONMED Corporation, an American medical equipment manufacturer
* Conmed Healthcare Management, an American prison healthcare company
* Concomitant medication, two medications used at or almost at the same time
# Conradin of Bornada

Conradin of Bornada (or Conradin of Brescia) (died 1 November 1429) was an Italian Dominican preacher. His early biographers generally refer to him as Blessed.

## Biography

His parents, noble and wealthy Brescians, were devoted adherents of the Catholic Church during the Western Schism. They gave their son a careful education and sent him, at the age of sixteen, to study civil and canon law at the University of Padua.
He entered the Dominican Order at Padua in 1419, and was speedily found to be a model of religious observance. After his ordination his zeal found fruitful expression in his eloquent preaching. He was made prior of Brescia and shortly afterwards, by appointment of the master general, prior of the convent of St. Dominic at Bologna, where he was to restore strict observance.
Amid political upheavals, when Bologna under the influence of the Bentivoglio family had revolted against papal authority, Conradin took a firm stand against them. For publishing the papal interdict, which they had incurred but which they had disregarded, he was twice seized and imprisoned. Pope Martin V, in recognition of his services, sought to create him a cardinal, but he declined.
Conradin died at Bologna in 1429 during a plague.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Conradin of Bornada". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
# Bowman Lake Patrol Cabin

The Bowman Lake Patrol Cabin in Glacier National Park, Montana, United States, is a rustic back-country log cabin. Built in 1934, the cabin has a single room, with a front porch extension to create a shelter from snowfall.
During the 1920s and 1930s the National Park Service built a series of snowshoe cabins or patrol cabins in Glacier's back country. The cabins were built to a standardized plan that was developed in Yellowstone National Park, which were themselves similar to those used by the U.S. Forest Service which took design cues from trappers' cabins. Cabins usually included a bear-and-rodent-proof food cache under the floor. Furnishings were limited to a hinged cupboard which could be folded down to form a table, a stove, and a bunk bed.
The Bowman Lake cabin, located closer to the "front country" than most, featured a six-burner wood stove, a permanent table and a bedding storage box.
# Khora Bhurt Pass

Khora Bhurt pass, also known as Khodarg Werth, Khora Burt Pass, Khord Bhort Pass, Kowtal-e Khvorah Bort, is a high mountain pass at an elevation of 4,630 metres (15,190 ft). It connects the Karambar valley in Ishkoman tehsil of Ghizer district in Gilgit–Baltistan, Northern Pakistan, with the Wakhan valley in Afghanistan.
To trek from Gahkuch to the Gilgit River is extremely difficult in winter, with snow blocking communication with Wakhan. The route through Karambar Valley and over Khora Bhurt Pass to the Afghan Pamir is only passable in early spring and autumn. An old trade route over Khora Bhurt Pass connects to the Wakhan, but access is only possible from a tributary valley below the Chateboi glacier tongue.
# Crib A'Glow

Crib A'Glow is a portable solar-powered phototherapy unit that uses blue LED lights to treat infants with jaundice. The device was invented by Virtue Oboro, a visual designer and mother whose newborn son had developed jaundice. Crib A'Glow has won multiple prizes for innovation.

## Background

In 2015, Oboro's son developed symptoms of jaundice soon after birth. The nearby hospital had five phototherapy units; however, two were already in use and the other three were inoperable. Once he was in a phototherapy unit, a power outage led to him developing severe jaundice for which he received an emergency blood transfusion. Jaundice affects more than 60% of newborns throughout the world, with the most serious cases requiring phototherapy. In Nigeria, it is estimated that fewer than 5% of medical facilities have sufficient phototherapy devices to treat the condition. Approximately 100,000 infants die annually from jaundice, with many more experiencing permanent injuries.
After Oboro's son recovered, she and her husband began their Tiny Hearts Technology company to work on the development of a portable crib that could use solar power to provide phototherapy to jaundiced infants.

## Description

Oboro was assisted by her husband's experience with solar energy and a pediatrician who helped ensure the device met phototherapy guidelines and was safe.
Manufactured in Nigeria and using local materials, Crib A'Glow is affordable, retailing at $360 compared to $2,000 for other phototherapy units used in Nigeria. Phototherapy devices used in developed countries have common side effects such as skin burns, dehydration, and rashes. Crib A'Glow avoids these side effects through the use of LED lights.
The portable unit is particularly useful in remote areas where access to electricity can be limited or inconsistent.
Crib A'Glow is in use at hundreds of hospitals in Nigeria and Ghana and has treated about 300,000 babies as of December 2021.

## Awards

Johnson & Johnson awarded Crib A'Glow $50,000 as one of six winners of its Champions of Science Africa Innovation Challenge 2.0. Tiny Hearts Technology, Oboro's company, received the third-place prize from the Africa Business Center of the United States Chamber of Commerce for its inaugural Digital Innovation Awards in 2020. The device was selected by the Royal Academy of Engineering for the Africa Prize 2022 shortlist.
# Coțofenii

Coțofenii may refer to one of two communes in Dolj County, Romania:
* Coțofenii din Dos
* Coțofenii din Față
# Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary

In modern Chinese politics, a Deputy Party Committee Secretary (simplified Chinese: 党委副书记; traditional Chinese: 黨委副書記; pinyin: dǎngwěi fùshūjì; also translated as Deputy Party Secretary, deputy party chief, vice party chief) serves as the lieutenant to the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary, and thus the deputy leader of the party committee, ranked immediately after the party chief. The term is also use for leadership positions of Communist Party organizations in state-owned enterprises, private companies, foreign-owned companies, universities, hospitals, as well as other institutions of the state.
In most administrative jurisdictions, there are two deputy party chiefs. The first-ranked deputy party chief is also the head of government of that jurisdiction. The second-ranked deputy party chief assists the party chief primarily in party affairs.
For example, in a province, the party chief is in charge of the overall work of the party committee, and in practice also determines the broad direction of government policy. However, the policies are then implemented and carried out by the provincial governor through specific measures, and it is the governor's job to oversee the details of the implementation. The governor is always concurrently the first-ranked Deputy Party Secretary. The second-ranked Deputy Secretary is also called zhuanzhi fushuji (专职副书记; lit., "full time deputy secretary") or, more rarely changwu fushuji (常务副书记; i.e., "executive deputy secretary").
The zhuanzhi deputy party chief is mainly in charge of party affairs; that is, keeping the party organization in line, spearheading party initiatives such as education campaigns and ideological indoctrination campaigns, and overseeing the work of the Party School in their area of jurisdiction. For example, since the 1990s, a provincial deputy party chief is almost always concurrently the head of the provincial Party School.
The zhuanzhi deputy party chief is an office that carries significant weight. Although administratively, they are half a level below the party chief and head of government (for example, a deputy provincial party chief is ranked at the sub-provincial level), they generally are seen as likely candidates to ascend to the position of head of government (and potentially, ascend even higher to party chief). Examples of this include Zhejiang governor Li Qiang, and Gansu governor Liu Weiping.
In the party centre, the position analogous to the deputy party chief is the executive secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party.
Other communist states may also have deputy party chiefs, but their organization may vary from the Chinese model.

## Notable provincial deputy party chiefs

* Li Chuncheng
* Lü Xiwen
* Qiu He
* Zhao Yong
* Shohrat Zakir
# China Stock Index Futures

China Shanghai Shenzhen 300 Stock Index Futures, often abbreviated to "Hushen 300 Index" (Shanghai is commonly abbreviated in Chinese as Hù, and Shenzhen is abbreviated as shēn), designated by the commodity ticker symbol IF, is a stock market index futures contract traded in China Financial Futures Exchange (CFFEX). The notional value of one contract is RMB¥300 (US$1.00 = 6.83 RMB) times the value of the Shanghai Shenzhen 300 Stock Index. It is known to be the first stock index futures contract in China.
It was introduced by the CFFEX on April 16, 2010.

## Contract Specifications

Exchange: China Financial Futures Exchange (CFFEX)
Type: Index Futures
Underlying: Hushen 300 Index
Currency: Renminbi (RMB)
Contract: Size 300 RMB x Index
Tick Size: 0.2
Tick Value: 60 RMB
Pre-Open 1
Trading Session 1: 09:15 – 11:30
Pre-Open 2
Trading Session 2: 13:00 – 15:15
Pre-Open T+1 : No T+1 Session
Trading Session T+1: No T+1 Session
Last Trading Day: The Third Friday of the Contract Month
Final Settlement Day: The Third Friday of the Contract Month
Final Settlement Price
Settlement Type: Cash
Contract Months: current month, next-to current month, last month of the next quarter, last month of the second next quarter
First Trading Day: April 16, 2010
Position Limit: 10000 long or short position delta limit for all contract months combined
Initial Margin (outright): 15% of contract value (18% for far months)
Daily Price Limit: +/- 10% of previous close
Index Options: No
Exchange Symbol: IF
Notes: RMB 500,000 yuan minimum account size to begin trading.