OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aouk National Park

Aouk National Park is a national park in Chad. It covers an area of 7400 km$^2$.
Although the park did not thrive with the same protection as Zakouma National Park, it is still home to a huge and impressive mix of mammals and birds. It is a popular place for safari excursions.
# End of Silence

End of Silence may refer to:
* End of Silence (Red album), 2006
* The End of Silence, a 1992 album by Rollins Band
* The End of Silence (2005 film), a 2005 Canadian film directed by Anita Doron
* The End of Silence (2011 film), a 2011 French film directed by Roland Edzard
# 1999 Sha Tin District Council election

The 1999 Sha Tin District Council election was held on 28 November 1999 to elect all 36 elected members to the 46-member District Council.

## Overall election results

Before election:
| 10 | 21 |
| Pro-democracy | Pro-Beijing |
Change in composition:
| 8 | 28 |
| Pro-democracy | Pro-Beijing |
Sha Tin District Council election result 1999 :
| Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| Civil Force | 11 | 3 | 1 | +2 | 30.6 | 24.2 | 19,633 | +5.9 |
| Independent | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 22.2 | 20.7 | 16,847 | |
| DAB | 9 | 5 | 0 | +5 | 25.0 | 28.7 | 16,830 | +18.3 |
| Democratic | 3 | 1 | 5 | −4 | 8.3 | 15.0 | 12,190 | +5.8 |
| Frontier | 3 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 8.3 | 10.1 | 8,215 | |
| HKPA | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 8.3 | 7.0 | 5,696 | |
| Liberal | 1 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1,870 | −13.4 |
# Ian Arkwright

Ian Arkwright (born 18 September 1959) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers, Wrexham and Torquay United. He played as a winger, and the majority of his League career was spent with Wrexham in the early 1980s.

## Career

Arkwright was born in Shafton, Barnsley, and began his career as an apprentice with Wolverhampton Wanderers, turning professional in September 1977. He failed to establish himself at Wolves however, and played just four times in total. His debut was as a substitute in a 1–0 win over Queens Park Rangers on 30 September 1978, but after starting the next three games, never featured for the first team again.
He was transferred to Wrexham for a fee of £100,000 in March 1980. In four years at the Racecourse Ground, he made 104 league appearances, scoring 10 goals. Towards the end of his time at Wrexham and of his league career, in March 1984, he played two games on loan to Torquay United, away to Chesterfield and at home to Mansfield Town.
He also plied his trade in foreign leagues, joining Finn Harps in Ireland (8 goals in 94 total appearances) and HIK in Finland.
# Hypopta triarcatata

Hypopta triarcatata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in French Guiana.
# 1932 Detroit City College Tartars football team

The 1932 Detroit City College Tartars football team represented Detroit City College (later renamed Wayne State University) as an independent during the 1932 college football season. The team compiled a 1–6 record and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 95 to 10.
Joe Gembis was hired as the team's head coach in July 1932. He succeeded Norman Wann as head coach. Gembis, a native of Vicksburg, Michigan, had played fullback for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1927 to 1929; he coached Chesapeake High School in Chesapeake, Ohio, to a 14-4 record in 1931. Gembis agreed to coach the Detroit City College team in exchange for post graduate work.
On October 8, the Tartars defeated Toledo, 3–0, for their only victory of the 1932 season. Dan Dobbins, a substitute halfback, kicked a field goal in the last eight seconds.
During Gembis' 14-year tenure as the school's head football coach, the team began playing a higher caliber of opponents, including regular games against regular Michigan State, the University of Detroit, Central Michigan, Western Michigan, Eastern Michigan, Cincinnati, and Bowling Green. Gembis compiled an overall record of 42–51–8 at Detroit City College/Wayne University.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 30 | at Albion | Albion, MI | L 0–7 |
| October 8 | at Toledo | Toledo, OH | W 3–0 |
| October 15 | Valparaiso | Kelsey FieldDetroit, MI | L 0–27 |
| October 29 | Central State (MI) | Kelsey FieldDetroit, MI | L 0–13 |
| November 5 | Kalamazoo | Kelsey FieldDetroit, MI | L 0–3 |
| November 11 | at Hope | Holland, MI | L 0–32 |
| November 19 | Defiance | Kelsey FieldDetroit, MI | L 7–13 |
# Dnopolje

Dnopolje (Serbian Cyrillic: Днопоље) is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D218 highway.

## Population

According to the 2011 census, Dnopolje had 112 inhabitants.
Population :
| 1857 | 1869 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1921 | 1931 | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| 892 | 1.050 | 1.013 | 789 | 783 | 809 | 826 | 665 | 482 | 436 | 385 | 377 | 285 | 249 | 158 | 112 |
Note: From 1857-1880 include data for the settlement of Birovača, and also part of data for the settlement of Mišljenovac.

### 1991 census

According to the 1991 census, settlement of Dnopolje had 249 inhabitants, which were ethnically declared as this:
* Dnopolje
* 1991
* total: 249
* Serbs 241 (96.78%)  Croats 2 (0.80%)  Yugoslavs 1 (0.40%)  nondeclared 5 (2.00%)

### Austro-hungarian 1910 census

According to the 1910 census, settlement of Dnopolje had 809 inhabitants in 2 hamlets, which were linguistically and religiously declared as this:
| Population by language | Croatian or Serbian | German |
| Dnopolje | 777 | 1 |
| Plješivička Kalinovača | 31 | - |
| Total | 808 (99.87%) | 1 (0.12%) |
| Population by religion | Eastern Orthodox | Roman Catholics |
| Dnopolje | 777 | 1 |
| Plješivička Kalinovača | 31 | - |
| Total | 808 (99.87%) | 1 (0.12%) |

## Literature

* Savezni zavod za statistiku i evidenciju FNRJ i SFRJ, popis stanovništva 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981. i 1991. godine.
* Knjiga: "Narodnosni i vjerski sastav stanovništva Hrvatske, 1880-1991: po naseljima, autor: Jakov Gelo, izdavač: Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, 1998., ISBN 953-6667-07-X, ISBN 978-953-6667-07-9;
# Donskoy (surname)

Donskoy is a Russian surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Alexander Donskoy (born 1970), mayor of Arkhangelsk, Russia
* Boris Donskoy (1894 or 1896–1918), Russian revolutionary
* Dmitry Donskoy (1350–1389), Grand Prince of Moscow (1359–1389) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (1363–1389)
* Evgeny Donskoy (born 1990), Russian professional tennis player
* Joonas Donskoi (born 1992), Finnish professional ice hockey player
* Mark Donskoy (1906–1985), Soviet film director
* Mikhail Donskoy (1948–2009), Soviet and Russian computer scientist
# Ellis–Numakura lemma

In mathematics, the Ellis–Numakura lemma states that if S is a non-empty semigroup with a topology such that S is a compact space and the product is semi-continuous, then S has an idempotent element p, (that is, with pp = p). The lemma is named after Robert Ellis and Katsui Numakura.
The compact topological semigroups appearing in this lemma should be distinguished with compact semigroups, in which "compact" is not used with its topological meaning.

## Applications

Applying this lemma to the Stone–Čech compactification βN of the natural numbers shows that there are idempotent elements in βN. The product on βN is not continuous, but is only semi-continuous (right or left, depending on the preferred construction, but never both).

## Proof

* By compactness and Zorn's Lemma, there is a minimal non-empty compact sub semigroup of S, so replacing S by this sub semi group we can assume S is minimal.
* Choose p in S. The set Sp is a non-empty compact subsemigroup, so by minimality it is S and in particular contains p, so the set of elements q with qp = p is non-empty.
* The set of all elements q with qp = p is a compact semigroup, and is nonempty by the previous step, so by minimality it is the whole of S and therefore contains p. So pp = p.
# Endotricha plinthopa

Endotricha plinthopa is a species of snout moth in the genus Endotricha. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1886, and is known from Samoa.
# 1999 Senior League World Series

The 1999 Senior League World Series took place from August 15–21 in Kissimmee, Florida, United States. Host Conway, Florida defeated Maracaibo, Venezuela in the championship game.

## Teams

| United States | International |
| Conway, Florida District 3 Host | Surrey, British Columbia Whalley Canada |
| Chicago, Illinois Jackie Robinson Central | Brussels, Belgium Europe |
| Franklin, Pennsylvania East | Hagåtña, Guam Central Far East |
| Mint Hill, North Carolina South | Maracaibo, Venezuela Latin America |
| Westminster, California Westminster West | |

## Results
### Winner's Bracket

| Opening Game | Opening Game | Opening Game | — | — | — | — | — | — | Bracket Final | Bracket Final | Bracket Final |
| | | | 1–0 | Florida | 12 | | | | | | |
| — | Florida | 10 | — | North Carolina | 4 | | | | | | |
| — | Canada | 2 | | | | 2–0 | Florida | 3 | | | |
| | | | | | | 1–0 | Venezuela | 2 | | | |
| | | | — | Venezuela | 5 | | | | | | |
| | | | — | California | 4 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | 3–0 | Florida | 9 |
| | | | | | | | | | 2–0 | Guam | 5 |
| | | | — | Pennsylvania | 1 | | | | | | |
| | | | — | Illinois | 9 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 1–0 | Illinois | 7 | | | |
| | | | | | | 1–0 | Guam | 12 | | | |
| | | | — | Belgium | 1 | | | | | | |
| | | | — | Guam | 6 | | | | | | |

### Loser's Bracket

| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Bracket Final | Bracket Final | Bracket Final |
| 0–1 | Belgium | 2 | | | | 1–1 | Venezuela | 2 | | | |
| | | | 0–1 | North Carolina | 0 | 2–1 | Canada | 0 | | | |
| 0–1 | California | 4 | 1–1 | Canada | 14 | | | | | | |
| 0–1 | California | 4 | 1–1 | Canada | 14 | | | | 2–1 | Venezuela | 4 |
| | | | | | | | | | 3–1 | California | 2 |
| | | | | | | 2–1 | Guam | 0 | | | |
| 0–1 | Pennsylvania | 2 | 1–1 | Illinois | 4 | 2–1 | California | 12 | | | |
| | | | 1–1 | California | 6 | | | | | | |
| 0–1 | Canada | 10 | | | | | | | | | |

### Placement Bracket

| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Third Place Game |
| 0–2 | Belgium | 2 | | | 2–2 | Guam | |
| | | | 0–2 | North Carolina | –2 | | |
| | | | 1–2 | Pennsylvania | | | |
| | | | 1–2 | Pennsylvania | | | –2 |
| | | | | | | | –2 |
| | | | | | 3–2 | California | |
| | | | 2–2 | Canada | –2 | | |
| | | | 1–2 | Illinois | | | |
| 0–2 | Pennsylvania | 12 | | | | | |

### Elimination Round

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | World Championship | World Championship | World Championship |
| 3–0 | Florida | 9 | | | |
| 2–0 | Guam | 5 | | | |
| 2–0 | Guam | 5 | 4–0 | Florida | 10 |
| | | | 3–1 | Venezuela | 2 |
| 2–1 | Venezuela | 4 | 3–1 | Venezuela | 2 |
| 3–1 | California | 2 | Third Place Game | Third Place Game | Third Place Game |
| | | | –2 | | |
| | | | –2 | | |
* 1999 Senior League World Series Champions
* District 3 Conway, Florida

## Notable players

* Zack Greinke (Conway, Florida) - MLB Cy Young Award winning pitcher
* Chris Gutierrez (baseball) (Orlando, Florida) - Senior League World Series in 1999
# Ian Rogers (referee)

Ian Rogers (9 July 1957 – 26 November 1998) was an international rugby union referee from South Africa. Before becoming a full-time referee, Rogers attended Maritzburg College – the same high school as fellow international rugby referee Craig Joubert. As one of South Africa's foremost referees of his time, Rogers represented his country as referee at the 1995 Rugby World Cup.

## Test Match Honour Roll

Rogers refereed a total of 10 international test matches during his career from 1993 to 1998. He is the 8th-most capped international rugby referee from South Africa, along with Freek Burger and Louis Mzomba.
Amongst other games, Rogers was referee in the following:

### Test history

| No. | Date | Teams | Teams | Notes |
| 1. | 22 May 1993 | Zimbabwe | Wales | |
| 2. | 7 Jul 1993 | Arabian Gulf | Zimbabwe | 1995 Rugby World Cup Qualifier |
| 3. | 4 Jun 1994 | Canada | France | |
| 4. | 11 Jun 1994 | Canada | Wales | |
| 5. | 18 Jun 1994 | Australia | Italy | |
| 6. | 25 Jun 1994 | Australia | Italy | |
| 7. | 4 Jun 1995 | Ireland | Wales | 1995 Rugby World Cup |
| 8. | 16 Dec 1995 | England | Samoa | |
| 9. | 31 May 1997 | Argentina | England | |

### The British & Irish Lions

Rogers was the referee for the match between the Junior Springboks & The British & Irish Lions at the Boland Stadium on 17 June 1997.

## Recognition

In recognition of Rogers' achievements in rugby refereeing, his alma mater now awards the "Ian Rogers Trophy for the Most Competent Rugby Referee".
# Hypopta ramulosa

Hypopta ramulosa is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Argentina.
# Ashland Colonels

The Ashland Colonels were a Mountain State League minor league baseball team based in Ashland, Kentucky, United States that played from 1939 to 1942. They were affiliated with the Chicago Cubs in their final year of existence.
They were the first team based in Ashland since the Ashland-Catlettsburg Twins in 1912 and the last team from that city until the Tri-State Tomahawks of the Frontier League arrived in 1993.
Notable players and managers include Ray French, Tommy Thevenow, Bill Kennedy, Nelson Burbrink, Moe Burtschy, Chuck Kress, Ed Hock and Pete Elko.
# Aio, Yamaguchi

Aio (秋穂町, Aio-chō) was a town located in Yoshiki District, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,801 and a density of 323.83 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 24.09 km$^2$.
On October 1, 2005, Aio, along with the town of Tokuji (from Saba District), and the towns of Ajisu and Ogōri (all from Yoshiki District), was merged into the expanded city of Yamaguchi.
# Alaria esculenta

Alaria esculenta is an edible seaweed, also known as dabberlocks or badderlocks, or winged kelp, and occasionally as Atlantic Wakame. It is a traditional food along the coasts of the far north Atlantic Ocean. It may be eaten fresh or cooked in Greenland, Iceland, Scotland and Ireland. It is the only one of twelve species of Alaria to occur in both Ireland and in Great Britain.

## Description

Grows to a maximum length of 2 m. The whole frond is brown and consists of a distinct midrib with wavy membranous lamina up to 7 cm wide on either side. The frond is unbranched and tapers towards the end. The base has a short stipe arising from a rhizoidal holdfast. The stipe may bear several sporophylls which are club-shaped and up to 20 cm long and 5 cm broad which bear the spores.
It grows from a short cylindrical stipe attached to the rocks by a holdfast of branching root-like rhizoids and grows to about 20 cm long. The stipe is continued into the frond forming a long conspicuous midrib, all other large and unbranched brown algae to be found in the British Isles are without a mid-rib. The lamina is thin, membranous with a wavy margin.

## Reproduction

Sporangia grow in club shaped narrow leafy outgrowths produced near the base growing from the stipe. These grow to 20 cm long and 5 cm broad.

## Distribution and ecology

Alaria esculenta is well known in Ireland, where it is known as Láir or Láracha, and in the rest of the British Isles save the south and east of England. It is perennial.
It is a common large algae on shores where there is severe wave exposure attached to rocks just below low-watermark in the "Laminaria belt", and is common on rocky shores in exposed places. It has a fairly high intrinsic growth rate compared to other algae, 5.5% per day and a carrying capacity of about 2 kg wet weight per square meter. It may reach lengths of about 2.5 m. It overlaps to a small degree (+) in distribution with Fucus serratus and somewhat more with Laminaria digitata. It has low and high light limitation values of about 5 and 70 W per square meter respectively. Its distribution is also limited by salinity, wave exposure, temperature, desiccation and general stress. These, and other attributes of the algae are summarized in Lewis (1964) and Seip 1980.
Leaf-like sporophylls develop from the stipe and produce zoospores.
A. esculenta may produce phlorotannins and oxidized lipids as protective functions against high photosynthetically active and UV radiations.
It is host to the pathogenic fungus Phycomelaina laminariae.

## World distribution

Europe: Atlantic France, Channel Islands, Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Heligoland, Baltic, Iceland, Faroes, Norway and Svalbard; North America: New York, New England, Maritime Provinces, Newfoundland, Quebec, Labrador, Alaska, Canadian Arctic and Greenland; Asia: Japan, Korea, Kuriles, Sakhalin and Kamchatka.
# Antônio Cardoso (musician)

Antônio Cardoso (born February 7, 1957, in Miguel) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter of Christian songs, particularly of Catholic music.

## Biography

Son of Antônio Silva de Carvalho and Sílvia Cardoso de Carvalho, Antônio was born in Miguel Calmon, Bahia. He learned musical culture from his father who was a musician and from 1975 he moved to São Paulo and then as a musician was supported by Padre Zezinho. Initially he was part of LP's in the Pauline Editions and since 1979 started a solo career. From 1986 until 1989, he paused his recording career to perform in Brazil.

## Discography

* Direitos de Menino, 1979
* Migrante, 1980, (first solo LP)
* Histórias da gente, 1981
* Teimosia, 1982
* Trilhos de fé, 1985
* Antonio Cardoso, 1989, with Padre Zezinho's participation
* Juntos, 1990
* Quando se vive um grande amor, 1991, double with Padre Zezinho
* Diante de ti, 1992
* Amor de Pai, 1993
* Antonio Cardoso, 1994
* Aprendiz, 1996, Padre Zezinho's production
* Juntos, 1998
* Quando se vive um grande amor, 2001
* Diante de ti, 2004
* Amor de Pai, 2007
* Pede um amor às estrelas, 2010
* Coletânea, 2012

## Louvemos ao Senhor Trophy

In 2016 Cardoso was one of the winners of the eighth edition of the Louvemos ao Senhor Trophy with liturgical songs: "Na Tua Presença, Senhor" e “Uma Casa Iluminada por Jesus”, in the composer category.
# M. A. Breeden

M. A. Breeden (1849 – October 19, 1916) was an American politician who served as the Attorney General of Utah from 1901 to 1909.
He died on October 19, 1916, in Redondo Beach, California.
# Hyper-IgM syndrome type 2

Hyper IgM syndrome type 2 is a rare disease. Unlike other hyper-IgM syndromes, type 2 patients identified thus far did not present with a history of opportunistic infections. One would expect opportunistic infections in any immunodeficiency syndrome. The responsible genetic lesion is in the AICDA gene found at 12p13.

## Hyper IgM syndromes

Hyper IgM syndromes is a group of primary immune deficiency disorders characterized by defective CD40 signaling; via B cells affecting class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation. Immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination deficiencies are characterized by elevated serum IgM levels and a considerable deficiency in Immunoglobulins G (IgG), A (IgA) and E (IgE). As a consequence, people with HIGM have an increased susceptibility to infections.

## Signs and symptoms

Hyper IgM syndrome can have the following syndromes:
* Infection/Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), which is common in infants with hyper IgM syndrome, is a serious illness. PCP is one of the most frequent and severe opportunistic infections in people with weakened immune systems.
* Hepatitis (hepatitis C)
* Chronic diarrhea
* Hypothyroidism
* Neutropenia
* Arthritis
* Encephalopathy (degenerative)

## Cause

Different genetic defects cause HIgM syndrome, the vast majority are inherited as an X-linked recessive genetic trait and most with the condition are male.
IgM is the form of antibody that all B cells produce initially before they undergo class switching. Healthy B cells efficiently switch to other types of antibodies as needed to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. In people with hyper IgM syndromes, the B cells keep making IgM antibodies because can not switch to a different antibody. This results in an overproduction of IgM antibodies and an underproduction of IgA, IgG, and IgE.

## Pathophysiology

CD40 is a costimulatory receptor on B cells that, when bound to CD40 ligand (CD40L), sends a signal to the B-cell receptor. When there is a defect in CD40, this leads to defective T-cell interaction with B cells. Consequently, humoral immune response is affected. Patients are more susceptible to infection.

## Diagnosis

The diagnosis of hyper IgM syndrome can be done via the following methods and tests:
* MRI
* Chest radiography
* Pulmonary function test
* Lymph node test
* Laboratory test (to measure CD40)

## Treatment

In terms of treatment for hyper IgM syndrome, there is the use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Additionally, anti-microbial therapy, use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, immunosuppressants, as well as other treatments, may be needed.
# And No More Shall We Part

And No More Shall We Part is a play by the Australian playwright Tom Holloway.

## Plot

The play is about Pam and Don; after a long and successful marriage, they are still very much in love. But Pam is ill and has to make a heartbreaking decision that will transform both their lives. She does so in the only way she knows how – quickly, pragmatically, and resolutely. Don behaves in the only way he knows how – struggling to keep up but desperate not to lose touch.
And No More Shall We Part follows Pam and Don’s halting, humorous and devastating attempt at the impossible – to begin to say goodbye to each other after a lifetime together.

## First production

And No More Shall We Part was first produced by A Bit Of Argy Bargy and Full Tilt for the Melbourne Fringe Festival at BlackBox Theatre, The Arts Centre, Melbourne, on 30 September 2009, with the following cast:
PAM: Margaret Mills
DON: Dennis Moore
Director: Martin White
Designer: Katie Skillington
Lighting Designers: Adam Hardy and Kimberly Anne Kwa
Production Manager: Erica McCalman
# Alaric

Alaric may refer to:

## People and fictional and legendary characters

* Alaric (name), a Germanic name, including a list of people and fictional characters
* Alaric I (c. 370–410), king of Visigoths, who sacked Rome, and many Greek cities
* Alaric II (c. 458–507), king of the Visigoths
* Alaric and Eric, legendary kings of the Swedes

## Other uses

* HMS Alaric (P441), a British Royal Navy submarine
# Endocochlear potential

The endocochlear potential (EP; also called endolymphatic potential) is the positive voltage of 80-100mV seen in the cochlear endolymphatic spaces. Within the cochlea, the EP varies in magnitude all along its length. When a sound is presented, the endocochlear potential changes either positive or negative in the endolymph, depending on the stimulus. The change in the potential is called the summating potential.
With the movement of the basilar membrane, a shear force is created and a small potential is generated due to a difference in potential between the endolymph (scala media, +80 mV) and the perilymph (vestibular and tympanic ducts, 0 mV). EP is highest in the basal turn of the cochlea (95 mV in mice) and decreases in the magnitude towards the apex (87 mV). In saccule and utricle, endolymphatic potential is about +9 mV and +3mV in the semicircular canal. EP is highly dependent on metabolism and ionic transport.
An acoustic stimulus produces a simultaneous change in conductance at the membrane of the receptor cell. Because there is a steep gradient (150 mV), changes in membrane conductance are accompanied by rapid influx and efflux of ions which in turn produce the receptor potential. This is known as the Battery Hypothesis. The receptor potential for each hair cell causes a release of neurotransmitters at its basal pole, which elicits excitation of the afferent nerve fibres.
# Arichandranathi River

Arichandranathi River is a river flowing in the Tiruvarur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.