OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edibe Sözen

Edibe Sözen Yavuz (born Edibe Sözen; 1 January 1961) is an academic of sociology and communications, and politician.

## Early life and academic career

Born at Sivas to Doğan Sözen and his wife Nevzade on 1 January 1961, she is a great-niece of Nurettin Sözen, a member of the social democratic Republican People's Party (CHP) and former mayor of Istanbul.
Edibe Sözen graduated from Marmara University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of International Relations with a BSc degree in 1982. She made her Master's degree and earned a PhD title from the Faculty of Economics at Istanbul University. She completed her post-doctoral studies at University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA.
In 1994, she became associate professor of sociology, and was appointed professor of communications in 2000 in Istanbul University. She was visiting professor at universities in Utah, Arizona, Chicago, USA and Cologne, Germany. She served as vice dean at Istanbul University.
Sozen published eight books about social life and communications.

## Political career

In 2006, Edibe Sözen suspended her academic career, and joined the ruling social conservative Justice and Development Party (AKP). She was elected vice chairperson of the party as the second female member, and appointed responsible for media and publicity. In the 2007 general election, she won a seat in the parliament as a deputy from Istanbul Province.
In 2008, Sözen prepared a law proposal about the protection of youth, and sent it to the minister responsible for youth and sports to be forwarded in the parliament. It would ban entry of underaged into restaurants after 22:00 hours and youth's visit of internet cafés, provide closure of nightclubs at midnight, establishment of a worship place in all schools and keeping record for buyers of pornographic publication. As it became public, and sparked controversy in the public, she defended herself that she was inspired by a German law and they (the AKP) bring Western standards to Turkey. The Constitutional Court of Turkey threatened with closure of the AKP due to offending secularity, and sanctioned with cutting of financial aids by the state. Following a harsh reaction by the party leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and a decision of the party's high commission distancing itself from her proposal, she announced that her draft does not bind the party, and she will not submit it in the parliament.
She was dropped from the candidate nomination list by the party for the 2011 general election. In the 2012 party congress, she was re-elected to the party's central committee.
In September 2013, Sözen announced her candidature in the 2014 local elections for the mayorship of Maltepe district in Istanbul Province. She lost the election to her rival Ali Kılıç from the CHP.

## Books

* Medyatik Hafıza (1999)
* Söylem (2000)
* Kimliklerimiz (2000)
* Kertenkele Mantığı (2004)
* İnsan Hakları Bir Gündelik Hayat Pratiği (Sözen, Ayten, İri) (2006)
* Türkiye'nin ABD ve AB Denklemi (Gökçe, Demiray, Sözen) (2006)
* Sosyal Kimlikten Siyasal Kimliğe Geçişte Kadın (2008)
* Hepimiz Globaliz Hepimiz Yereliz (2012)
# FF2

FF2 may refer to:
* Final Fantasy II, a 1988 console role-playing game for the Family Computer
* Final Fantasy IV, retitled Final Fantasy II in North America, a 1991 console role-playing game for the Super NES
* Fatal Fury 2, a 1992 competitive fighting game for the Neo-Geo
* Fatal Frame II, a 2003 survival horror game for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox
* Final Fight 2, a 1993 side-scrolling action game for the Super NES
* Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, the sequel to the 2005 Fantastic Four film
* 2 Fast 2 Furious, a 2003 film
* Mozilla Firefox 2, a web browser released in 2006
* Freak Fortress 2, a game mode/mini-community for the game, "Team Fortress 2"
# Alex Kerr (Australian footballer)

Alexander Kerr (13 November 1880 – 1 February 1965) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Kerr, known by his nickname of "Bubs", was a rover, recruited from Metropolitan Junior Football Association side Port Rovers.
A knee injury brought an early end to his debut season and kept him out of action for over a year, until he came back into the team late in the 1907 VFL season. In just his third game back, Kerr kicked four goals in a semi final win over Collingwood. He then appeared as one of South Melbourne's followers in the 1907 Grand Final, which ended in a Carlton victory.
He appeared in all possible 21 games for South Melbourne in 1909, including their grand final win, when they reversed the result from two years earlier and defeated Carlton.
From 1912, until the war, Kerr played for Prahran.
# Double Concerto (Zwilich)

The Concerto for Violin, Violoncello and Orchestra is a double concerto for violin, cello, and orchestra by the American composer Ellen Taaffe Zwilich. The work was commissioned by the Louisville Orchestra for the violinist Jaime Laredo and the cellist Sharon Robinson and in memory of the sculptor Albert Wein. It was first performed by Laredo, Robinson, and the Louisville Orchestra under the direction of Lawrence Leighton Smith on December 5, 1991. The piece is dedicated to Lawrence Leighton Smith and the Louisville Orchestra.

## Composition

The Double Concerto is cast in two numbered movements and has a performance duration of roughly 18 minutes. In the score program note, Zwilich described the two movements as "both employing related expansive themes in a mixture of speeds and moods." She continued, "The first begins lyrically, becomes agitated, then returns to a quiet close. The second movement is just the reverse; it starts very fast, changes character into an extended slow section, and finally returns to the faster tempos in an extended coda."

### Instrumentation

The work is scored for solo violin and cello and an orchestra consisting of two flutes, oboe, English horn, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns in F, two trumpets, timpani, and strings.

## Reception

Reviewing a recording of the work performed by Laredo, Robinson, and the Florida State University Orchestra conducted by Michael Stern, John Fleming of the Tampa Bay Times described the concerto as "Zwilich at her best, perhaps because she is a violinist." He added, "Cellist Sharon Robinson and violinist Jaime Laredo mesh beautifully, their instruments often coming together as one complex, beguiling voice. Stern and the FSU students do a fine job of creating an orchestral texture that includes some splendidly forthright brass play."
# André Juillard

André Juillard (9 June 1948 – 31 July 2024) was a French comics artist.

## Biography

Born in Paris, Juillard was one of the most prolific artists of historical comics in France. His career began in 1974. After studies in the School of Decorative Arts of Paris (l'école des Arts décoratifs de Paris), Juillard started in the popular magazine Formule 1, drawing La Longue Piste de Loup Gris, a Western story with scenario by Claude Verrien. He then adapted Roméo et Juliette for the magazine Djin. In 1976, he began his first long series, featuring the knight Bohémond de Saint-Gilles, based on a text written by Verrien, published in Formule 1. During this period he also started Isabelle Fantouri based on texts by Josselin, for Djin, as well as Les Cathares with Didier Conrad for the same publication.
Juillard died on 31 July 2024, at the age of 76.
# Espionage (1955 film)

Espionage (German: Spionage) is a 1955 Austrian historical spy drama film directed by Franz Antel and starring Ewald Balser, Barbara Rütting and Gerhard Riedmann. It was shot at the Sievering Studios and on location in Vienna. The film's sets were designed by the art director Felix Smetana. It was based on the real story of Alfred Redl, an officer serving with Austrian Military Intelligence who was also secretly spying for the hostile Russian Empire before the First World War.

## Cast

* Ewald Balser as Oberst Redl
* Barbara Rütting as Nadeschda
* Gerhard Riedmann as Hauptmann Angelis
* Oskar Werner as Leutnant Zeno von Baumgarten
* Marte Harell as Gräfin Lichtenfels
* Hannelore Bollmann as Pauline von Heymeneck
* Rudolf Forster as Chef des Generalstabes, von Heymeneck
* Attila Hörbiger as Dr. Hartmuth
* Erik Frey as Oberst Rabansky
* Heinz Moog as Baron Letten
* Karl Ehmann as Leopold, Diener bei Lichtenfels
* Hermann Erhardt as Steidl
* C.W. Fernbach as Rittmeister Weidler
* Harry Hardt as General Maximoff
* Kurt Jaggberg as Sabrenin
* Alexander Trojan as Baron Korff
* Ernst Waldbrunn as Ebinger
* Grete Sellier as Gast
# Erlau

Erlau is a municipality in the district of Mittelsachsen in Saxony in Germany. In 1994 it absorbed the former municipalities Beerwalde, Crossen and Schweikershain, and in 1999 Milkau.
# Economics of gambling

As a result of gambling, some are driven to extreme lengths to cover debt. Severely addicted gamblers spend most of their energy following their addiction. They cost companies loss of productivity and profit. Gamblers themselves may suffer from depression and bankruptcy. Some may go into severe debt and suffer anxiety because of it. The social costs to society are varied and include unemployment benefits, family services and medical treatment to gamblers.
During times of economic success, casinos tend to take labor supply away from neighboring businesses. Since casinos offer higher wages than regular neighboring businesses, such as restaurants, employees leave the neighboring business and works for the casino. Customers who normally go to the neighboring restaurants now instead go to the casino for food. This demonstrates how not all growth by a casino can be attributed as economic growth; sometimes casinos merely transfer growth from other businesses into their own.

## Economic benefits

Gambling provides jobs since all commercial games require labor. Casinos require intensive labor including security guards, technical support staff, gaming staff, among others. In 1996, around 300,000 employees earned a total of US$7.7 billion within the US nation. This number does not include those who are indirectly involved with gambling, such as racing organizers. Employment resulting from gambling is difficult to estimate since gambling involves employees in many different stages. Entertainment is interlinked with gambling as well, for instance, the many shows available in casinos in Las Vegas. Hotel services and chauffeurs are also in higher demand because of gambling. Gambling increases aggregate demand for goods and services in the economy. In 1996, Americans spent one in every ten dollars on commercial gaming. This money goes directly toward stimulating the economy. This expenditure on gambling can also be magnified when considering the multiplier effect.

## Reasons for gambling institutions

In a study by Grinols, it was found that in the US, even though a state may not want to support a gambling institution, it would be economically beneficial for them to do so. If they did not support the institution, there would be many repercussions. This is because, neighboring states have gambling institutions. Residents of the local state will travel to these institutions and gamble nonetheless. This would take away profit and revenue form the resident state. Since these gamblers will gamble anyway, it is economically beneficial for a state to allow and support gambling institutions.
Another study compared personal income to personal gambling expenditure and found that gambling occurs whether or not the country is in a recession. This aspect will attract states to invest in an institution that is basically recession-proof. During the Early 1990s recession, GGR (Gross Gambling Revenue) increased 9.4% even though the recession slowed personal income to 5.95%. This shows resilience of gambling to the effects of recessions.
# Ewald Lassen

Ewald Lassen (20 July 1911–?) is a German classical violinist.

## Life

Lassen was born in Hamburg in 1911. He attended the Aufbaugymnasium in his home town and received violin lessons from 1927 to 1931 from Jan Gesterkamp at the Brahms Conservatory. He then studied with Max Strub in Berlin.
From 1935 to 1937 he was deputy concert master at the Staatstheater Schwerin. From 1937 to 1939, he held the 1st concert master position at the Municipal Orchestra Gießen-Bad Nauheim. In 1939, he became violinist of the Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester. In 1940, he was called up for military service. Until 1949, he stayed a prisoner of war. After that, he played with the 2nd violins of the Frankfurt museum orchestra. He was also editor of works by Mozart and Haydn.
In 1951, he married Ilse Achenbach. His brother Harald Lassen (1908-1959) was a philosopher and psychologist.
# Appan

Appan may refer to:

## People

* Appan Menon (1947 – 1996), Indian journalist
* Appan Thacheth (1937 – 2011), Indian poet
* K. P. Appan (1936 – 2008), Indian literary critic
* M. P. Appan (1913 – 2003), Indian poet
* Shash Appan (b. 1996), Welsh activist

## Film

* Appan (film), a 2022 Indian film
# 1971 European Athletics Championships – Men's long jump

The men's long jump at the 1971 European Athletics Championships was held in Helsinki, Finland, at Helsinki Olympic Stadium on 10 and 11 August 1971.

## Medalists

| Gold | Max Klauß East Germany |
| Silver | Igor Ter-Ovanesyan Soviet Union |
| Bronze | Stanisław Szudrowicz Poland |

## Results
### Final

11 August
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result |
| | Max Klauß | East Germany | 7.92 (w: 0.1 m/s) |
| | Igor Ter-Ovanesyan | Soviet Union | 7.91 w (w: 2.3 m/s) |
| | Stanisław Szudrowicz | Poland | 7.87 (w: 0.1 m/s) |
| 4 | Lynn Davies | Great Britain | 7.85 |
| 5 | Mauri Myllymäki | Finland | 7.85 (w: 1 m/s) |
| 6 | Reijo Toivonen | Finland | 7.85 (w: 0.1 m/s) |
| 7 | Tõnu Lepik | Soviet Union | 7.78 |
| 8 | Jan Kobuszewski | Poland | 7.75 (w: 0.9 m/s) |
| 9 | Christian Tourret | France | 7.74 (w: 0.5 m/s) |
| 10 | Valeriy Podluzhniy | Soviet Union | 7.68 (w: 1.1 m/s) |
| 11 | Jacques Rousseau | France | 7.56 (w: 0.9 m/s) |
| 12 | Josef Schwarz | West Germany | 7.50 |
| 13 | Terje Haugland | Norway | 7.41 (w: 0.7 m/s) |
| 14 | Finn Bendixen | Norway | 7.32 (w: 0.7 m/s) |
| 15 | Vasile Sărucan | Romania | 6.05 (w: 0.9 m/s) |

### Qualification

10 August
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| 1 | Tõnu Lepik | Soviet Union | 7.93 | Q |
| 2 | Lynn Davies | Great Britain | 7.90 | Q |
| 3 | Christian Tourret | France | 7.82 | Q |
| 4 | Jacques Rousseau | France | 7.82 | Q |
| 5 | Josef Schwarz | West Germany | 7.80 | Q |
| 6 | Vasile Sărucan | Romania | 7.79 | Q |
| 7 | Igor Ter-Ovanesyan | Soviet Union | 7.77 | Q |
| 8 | Jan Kobuszewski | Poland | 7.77 | Q |
| 9 | Reijo Toivonen | Finland | 7.77 | Q |
| 10 | Terje Haugland | Norway | 7.75 | Q |
| 11 | Stanisław Szudrowicz | Poland | 7.75 | Q |
| 12 | Finn Bendixen | Norway | 7.74 | Q |
| 13 | Max Klauß | East Germany | 7.72 | Q |
| 14 | Valeriy Podluzhniy | Soviet Union | 7.72 | Q |
| 15 | Mauri Myllymäki | Finland | 7.70 | Q |
| 16 | Klaus Beer | East Germany | 7.65 | |
| 17 | Hans Baumgartner | West Germany | 7.62 | |
| 18 | Dušan Košutić | Yugoslavia | 7.60 | |
| 19 | Miljenko Rak | Yugoslavia | 7.58 | |
| 20 | Andreas Gloerfeld | West Germany | 7.57 | |
| 21 | Jesper Tørring | Denmark | 7.52 | |
| 22 | Valeriu Jurcă | Romania | 7.50 | |
| 23 | Jacques Pani | France | 7.41 | |
| 24 | Nenad Stekić | Yugoslavia | 7.35 | |
| 25 | Gürol Dinsel | Turkey | 7.27 | |
| 26 | Geoff Hignett | Great Britain | 7.25 | |
| 27 | Henrik Kalocsai | Hungary | 7.24 | |
| 28 | Gábor Katona | Hungary | 7.22 | |
| 29 | Jaroslav Brož | Czechoslovakia | 5.92 | |
| | Alan Lerwill | Great Britain | NM | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 30 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.
* Czechoslovakia (1)
* Denmark (1)
* East Germany (2)
* Finland (2)
* France (3)
* Hungary (2)
* Norway (2)
* Poland (2)
* Romania (2)
* Soviet Union (3)
* Turkey (1)
* Great Britain (3)
* West Germany (3)
* Yugoslavia (3)
# Alexander James Hamilton

Alexander James Hamilton (born 2 December 1967) is a British contemporary environmental artist best known for his figurative and vanitas works using the medium of water.

## Career

Hamilton's work is noted for its intricate compositions that are submerged in large volumes of purified water, which are then photographed as still life images which retain the clarity and semblance of fine art paintings and the look of Caravaggio's Chiaroscuro. Hamilton works with the subtle distortions and reflections caused by the movement of water. He is a photographic purist, whose underwater scenes are documented only by analogue camera, without any post-production or digital editing. His work explores ‘the moral issue’ and the ‘future of the world’.
In 1990, Hamilton established the Distil Ennui Studio, the umbrella from under which he operates, exhibits and hosts artist residencies around the world mentoring young artists.
In 2012 Hamilton published a book titled Tokyo Taxi celebrating Japanese lighting design - Publisher: Merrell Publishers Ltd - ISBN 9781858945699.
In 2012 his culture-driven work saw him re-locate an entire art production to Moscow to the historic Red October chocolate factory to launch his exhibition Rastvorennaya Pechal held at the Triumph Gallery, Moscow. In 2015, his Oil + Water project was shortlisted for ‘Environmental photographer of the year 2015’ award.
In 2018, Hamilton donated a collection of his artworks from Visions from the shoreline to fund the first plastic and aluminium fully recycling facility based in Maldives.
In 2019 Hamilton re-opened a disused photographic paper factory closed since the 1970's to host the 'Dark Vat' artist residency, in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia. 12 young Russian artists participated in the 3 month residency. The resulting public exhibition changed the landscape of art in the region of Krasnoyarsk, Siberia.
In 2020 Hamilton worked with the local community to re-open the last standing Baroque Carmelita Convent still standing in Spain. The convent had been closed to the public for over 170 years. Hamilton hosted the exhibition Renaciendo, the artist bequest a museum standard lighting system to the space to ensure its future public use and restoration.
# Double Concerto (Henze)

The Double Concerto by German composer Hans Werner Henze is a double concerto for oboe and harp, better known by its original Italian title Doppio concerto. It was completed and first performed in Zurich in 1966, and published by Schott.

## Composition

Henze's Double Concerto was commissioned by Paul Sacher and his Collegium Musicum Zürich and is dedicated to him and his wife, Maya Sacher, like Henze's Sonata per archi. It was written for oboist Heinz Holliger and his wife, harpist Ursula Holliger. It was finished in 1966 and was premiered on 2 December 1966 by the Holligers as the soloists and Sacher conducting his Collegium Musicum Zürich. It was eventually published by Schott Music.

## Structure

The concerto is in one movement which has a total duration of approximately thirty minutes. It is divided in a ternary ABA$_1$ structure, with an additional coda based in B, which recalls the structure of Bartók's third quartet. In recordings, the tracks are usually divided according to this structure:
* Section A starts at bar 1, marked ♩ = c. 112, with the oboe presenting the theme to be further developed in the section.
* Section B starts at bar 252, marked Andante, with a slower and darker tone, and ends with a cadenza performed by the harp.
* Section A$_1$ starts at bar 386, after the cadenza is finished, and the main theme is quoted several times during this section. It is marked ♩ = 80 and features a short cadenza by the oboe.
* The coda starts at bar 558, marked Andante, and is the shortest section in the concerto. The tone is, again, dark and rhythmically simpler.
Since this is a concertante piece, it features many technical challenges, such as double harmonics, flutter-tonguings, microtone glissandi and the so-called circular breathing, a technique which was fairly recent at the time. For Henze, it is important to have a decorative contrast in instrumentation such as the harp, since "the distinctive oboe timbre can exhaust the listener if overdone". The concerto is scored for the two soloists, oboe and harp, and a string section consisting of 18 soloists, eight violins, four violas, four cellos and two double basses.

## Recordings

* Both the commissioners and the original soloists recorded the piece in July 1968. The recording was released by Deutsche Grammophon.
* Hans Werner Henze conducted the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra and recorded the piece with soloists Heinz and Ursula Holliger in October 27, 1968.
# Androdamas

In Greek mythology, Androdamas (Ancient Greek: Ἀνδροδάμας means 'man-taming') was the Sicyonian son of Phlias and Chthonophyle, daughter of King Sicyon.

## Note

* ↑ Pausanias, 2.6.6, 2.7.6, 2.12.6.
# 1978 New York City Marathon

The 1978 New York City Marathon was the 9th edition of the New York City Marathon and took place in New York City on 22 October.
# Aphomia erumpens

Aphomia erumpens is a species of snout moth in the genus Aphomia. It was described by Thomas Pennington Lucas in 1898 and is known from Queensland, Australia.
# 1985 Masters

1985 Masters may refer to:
* 1985 Masters Tournament, golf
* 1985 Masters (snooker)
* 1985 Nabisco Masters, tennis
# Atonsu (Central Region)

Atonsu is a town near Assin Fosu in the Assin Central Municipal District in the Central Region of Ghana. It is located along the Cape Coast-Fosu-Kumasi Highway.

## Institutions

* Atonsu Municipal Assembly Basic School

## Notable natives

* Stephen Adu Gyamfi
* Hymo
# Doyle Cofer

Doyle Cofer (January 18, 1923 – January 15, 1999) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball League for the Detroit Vagabond Kings during the 1948–49 season and averaged 3.4 points per game.
He spent one season as a member of the Indiana State Sycamores. In his lone season, the Sycamores reached the finals of the 1946 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament, they were led by Glenn Curtis.
A civil engineer after basketball, Cofer was killed at age 75 in an accident when he was trying to load a bulldozer onto a flatbed. The bulldozer toppled over and crushed him.
# Androcymbium melanthioides

Androcymbium melanthioides (the African crocus, Afrikaans: bobbejaanskoen, "baboon shoe") is a plant native to Namibia and South Africa. It is not found in KwaZulu-Natal and is registered under the SANBI Red List as "safe" (LC).
There are three subspecies:
* Androcymbium melanthioides subsp. australe
* Androcymbium melanthioides subsp. melanthioides
* Androcymbium melanthioides subsp. transvaalense
The plant is a geophyte with an asymmetrical bulb covered in black fibrous tissue. The sepals are satiny in texture and range from light pink to light purple to light green in color, with many small flowers within.