OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adriaan Stoop

Adriaan Stoop (18 October 1856 – 7 September 1935) was a Dutch oil prospector and mining engineer.

## Life and career

Stoop was born in Dordrecht. He graduated from Delft University with a mining degree in 1878, was posted to the Department of Mines and arrived in the Dutch East Indies. Realizing he knew little about oil prospecting, Stoop requested paid leave for a study trip to the United States. Although the American oil industry, afraid of new competition in Asia, refused to see him, Stoop was still able to collect essential new information on the latest American drilling techniques. His report became the "bible" for oil drilling technology in the Dutch East Indies. Stoop proposed that the Dutch colonial government should start a state petroleum enterprise, but the idea was rejected. Stoop then requested three years leave of absence so he could initiate oil exploration at his own risk. Stoop "was a man above average, a forceful personality in a delicate frame; able, matter-of-fact and self-disciplined; a silent man, his mind only revealed itself in sparks of keen humor."
Stoop acquired one of the first oil concessions in Indonesia in 1886 and with money from friends and family in 1887—as Gerretson puts it, 50,000 Dutch guilders "from head-shaking relatives"—he founded the Dordtsche Petroleum Maatschappij. Within a year, he had a "spouter." Production increased steadily and he had a ready home market on the island of Java. He introduced gasoline street lighting to several large cities on Java in the 1890s. "If the Royal Dutch relied upon distribution for its strength, the Dordtsche excelled in manufacture." In 1896, Stoop returned to the Netherlands and sold shares in the company to the public, becoming very wealthy. He had held all 350 shares in the company, and converted each into 14,900 guilders in cash and 20,000 guilders in ordinary shares. Thus he yielded more than 5 million guilders in cash and 7 million guilders in shares from the initial investment just ten years earlier.
However, in order to stay competitive the company would have needed to expand its sales territory beyond Java and this would have required an enormous investment in ships and unloading supplies. By 1910, the Dordtsche was the last independent producer on Java and rumors spread that Royal Dutch Shell's main rival, Standard Oil, would buy it. But in the end Stoop merged his enterprise with the Royal Dutch Shell through an exchange of stock in 1911. Dordtsche Petroleum Maatschappij board minutes later revealed company officials feared a "public outcry" if they did not sell to another Dutch company. The board expected “a storm against us, if the competition struggle would end in the favor of the foreigner [Standard Oil],” the minutes said.
While prospecting for oil in Bavaria, Germany in the early 1900s, Stoop discovered instead thermal water containing high levels of sulfur and iodine. German specialists thought this water would have health promoting properties and this led to creation of a spa at Bad Wiessee that exists to this day. Stoop also built his vacation home Jungbrunnen there.
# Diadegma combinatum

Diadegma combinatum is a wasp first described by Holmgren in 1860. No subspecies are listed.
# Diadegma clavicorne

Diadegma clavicorne is a wasp first described by Carl Gustav Alexander Brischke in 1880. No subspecies are listed.
# Diego Maradona stadium

Diego Maradona stadium can refer to:
* Estadio Diego Armando Maradona, home stadium of Argentinos Juniors in Buenos Aires, Argentina
* Stadio Diego Armando Maradona, home stadium of Napoli in Naples, Italy
# Adinassa skoogi

Adinassa skoogi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Nassariidae, the Nassa mud snails or dog whelks.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Angola and Namibia.
# Différences (Berio)

Différences is a composition by the Italian composer Luciano Berio for flute, clarinet, viola, cello, harp and magnetic tape, dating 1958–59. It was written for the Domaine musical concerts in Paris and first performed in March 1959, conducted by Pierre Boulez.
Différences is one of the first attempts to combine live instruments with electronic music. At the centre of the work, the tape sound takes the place of the performers. They return with various pizzicato entries, creating a homogeneous texture which seeks only an alteration in the expression rather than a disruption in the character of the music.
Berio began the composition for Différences a year before the premiere by recording in Paris the same musicians who were to give the first performance. In the Studio di fonologia musicale in Milan he then transformed these recordings to produce the tape with which the musicians interact during the performance. Berio remarked that "[i]n Différences the original model of the five instruments coexists alongside an image of itself that is continually modified, until the different phases of transformation deliver up a completely altered image that no longer has anything to do with the original" (Berio, Dalmonte & Varga 1985, p. 126).
# Difi

Difi, DiFi or DIFI can refer to:
* Agency for Public Management and eGovernment (Norwegian: Direktoratet for forvaltning og ikt, short: Difi), a Norwegian government agency subordinate
* Dianne Feinstein, American politician
* Difi (cell line), a type of cancer cell line
* Difi (river), a river in the Central African Republic
* Difi (watercourse), a watercourse in Guinea
# Adrian Piperi

Adrian "Tripp" Piperi III (born January 20, 1999) is an American male shot putter who won the individual gold medal at the Youth World Championships. Three years later he won the silver medal, a scant centimeter behind gold at the 2018 World U20 (Junior) Championships.
Competing for The Woodlands High School, he completed an undefeated senior season with the 2017 Texas State Championship in the shot put. Collegiately he competes for the University of Texas.
# Adventure (ship)

Numerous vessels have been named Adventure:
* Adventure Galley, an English ship captained by William Kidd, the notorious privateer turned pirate
* Adventure (1792 ship) was built by the crew of Captain Robert Gray on his second voyage in the maritime fur trade to the Northwest Coast of North America. The 45-ton sloop was built to allow the trading venture to access smaller inlets the Columbia could not reach. At the end of his second voyage Gray sold the ship to the Spanish Navy. It was renamed Orcacitas (also spelled Orcasitas or Horcasitas) and served the Naval Department of San Blas for some years.
* Adventure (1799 ship) was a French vessel that the British captured in 1799. New owners immediately sailed her as a slaver. She then made a voyage as West Indiaman during which a French privateer captured her, but the British Royal Navy quickly recaptured her. She then made a second slave trading voyage. Thereafter she became a general trader, trading primarily with the Baltic. She was wrecked in October 1814. Although she was refloated and taken into Copenhagen, she disappeared from subsequent ship arrival and departure data.
* Adventure (1802 ship) was a schooner launched at Liverpool. She made three voyages as a slave ship before a French privateer captured her in 1806 on her fourth voyage.
* Adventure (1804 ship) was a French privateer captured in 1803. She became a whaler that made two voyages to the Southern Whale Fishery. She was wrecked in April 1808 as she set out on her third.
* Adventure (1834 ship) was a wooden sloop that was built in 1834 at Brisbane Water. It was wrecked during a storm in July 1836, but the exact position where it was lost on the New South Wales coast is uncertain.
* Adventure (1850 schooner) was a wooden schooner built in 1850 at Hong Kong, that was wrecked in 1855 at Richmond River, New South Wales, under the master James Cook.
* Adventure (1926 schooner) is a gaff rigged knockabout schooner built in Essex, Massachusetts, and launched in 1926 to work the Grand Banks fishing grounds near Gloucester. She is one of only two surviving Grand Banks knockabouts – schooners designed without bowsprits for the safety of her crew. Adventure was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1994, underwent a substantial restoration in 2012, and sails today in the tourist trade out of Gloucester.
# Digitalis Ambigua: Gold & Poison

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| New Musical Express | 8/10 |
Digitalis Ambigua: Gold & Poison is the fifth album by the band SPK. Half of the tracks can be found on their previous record, Zamia Lehmanni.

## Track listing

* "Breathless" - 4:50
* "Mouth to Mouth" - 5:50
* "Sheer Naked Aggression" - 4:12
* "Crack!" - 5:30
* "The Doctrine of Eternal Ice" - 4:24
* "Invocation" - 5:09
* "White Island" - 5:29
* "Palms Crossed in Sorrow" - 5:02
* "Alocasia Metallica" - 5:50
* "The Garden of Earthly Delights" - 3:13

## Personnel

* Graeme Revell - Producer, Instrumentalist, Vocals
* Karina Hayes - Vocals
* Sinan Leong - Vocals
# Adzap

Adzap is a town in northern Gabon near the border with Equatorial Guinea. It lies near Bitam.
# Dick Johnson (reporter)

Richard S. Johnson (October 1953 – June 9, 2020) was the morning news co-anchor and a street reporter for the NBC-owned television station WMAQ-TV in Chicago. Before coming to WMAQ-TV in 2002, he was a longtime reporter/anchor at rival WLS-TV.
Johnson won numerous awards, including the DuPont-Columbia Award (the broadcast equivalent of the Pulitzer Prize) and the Emmy Award.
Johnson was also the producer for the summer play productions put on by the Community House in Hinsdale, Illinois. In 2006, he produced Oliver! One year later, in the summer of 2007, he performed as Franklin D. Roosevelt in Annie.
He died on June 9, 2020, following days of respiratory complications. He was being treated at a northern Michigan hospital at the time of death.
# Aeranthes henricii

Aeranthes henricii is a species of orchid.
* This Vandeae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Aerocar 2000

The Aerocar 2000 was a proposed flying car under development in the early 2000s in the United States. The Aerocar 2000 was designed by Ed Sweeney, who was inspired by Moulton Taylor's Aerocar of the 1950s (and is the owner of the only still-flying example of this vehicle). The Aerocar 2000 consisted of a removable wings, tail, and powerplant "flight module" added to a modified Lotus Elise roadster.

## Comparison to original Aerocar

In conception, this was far closer to the AVE Mizar of the early 1970s than to Taylor's designs, the vehicle portions of which were purpose-designed and built. Another difference with the original Aerocar (and similarity to the Mizar) is that the flight module is not designed to be taken away from the airfield. Finally, while the Aerocar used the one engine to drive both the road wheels and the propeller, the Aerocar 2000 (again like the Mizar) uses two separate engines. In the Aerocar 2000's case, the flight engine is a twin-turbocharged V-8 motor from a Lotus Esprit. A far lighter three-cylinder engine and gearbox from a Chevrolet Sprint is to be installed in the road module to power the vehicle on the ground.

## Specifications (Aerocar 2000, as designed)

Data from The Aerocar Home Page
General characteristics
* Crew: One (pilot)
* Capacity: one passenger
* Length: 27 ft (8.2 m)
* Wingspan: 36 ft (11 m)
* Height: 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m)
* Empty weight: 2,850 lb (1,293 kg)
* Max takeoff weight: 3,450 lb (1,565 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lotus 2.5L V8 piston engine, 350 hp (260 kW)
* Propellers: 3-bladed MT-Propeller constant-speed
Performance
* Cruise speed: 268 mph (431 km/h, 233 kn)
* Range: 300 mi (480 km, 260 nmi)
# Aechmutes subandinus

Aechmutes subandinus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Clarke in 2012.
# Aechmutes

Aechmutes is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Aechmutes armatus Gounelle, 1911
* Aechmutes boliviensis Clarke, 2012
* Aechmutes lycoides Bates, 1867
* Aechmutes subandinus Clarke, 2012
# Afghanistan: The Great Game – A Personal View by Rory Stewart

Afghanistan: The Great Game – A Personal View by Rory Stewart is a 2012 documentary in two parts written and presented by Rory Stewart that tells the story of foreign intervention by Britain, Russia, and the United States in Afghanistan from the 19th century to the present day. It won the BAFTA Scotland award for best Factual Series in 2012.

## Episode one

In episode one Stewart tells the story of British interventions in Afghanistan in the 19th century when the British Empire became obsessed with the idea that their rival, Russia expanding south, was considering the invasion of Afghanistan as a staging post for an attack on British India. It was a period of mutual suspicion and paranoia that later became known as "The Great Game". Stewart tells the story of explorer and spy Alexander Burnes whose book when translated into French and read by Russia alerted them to believe Britain was expanding north and then Stewart relates the decision-making that led to the first British invasion of Afghanistan and the three Anglo-Afghan wars fought in this era. After the First World War an Afghan elite, led by King Amanullah Khan, made a futile attempt to impose western inspired ideas and modernity such as western dress and education of girls in a conservative country that forced the king into exile.

## Episode two

This episode Stewart tells the story of Soviet and United States involvement in Afghanistan. From 1928 until 1978 there had been relative peace and in the 1960s and '70s was on the hippie trail but the Cold War was at its height with Afghanistan surrounded by American allies Iran and Pakistan. In northern Afghanistan, Soviet aid was provided and in southern Afghanistan American aid. In Kabul Islamists and Communists vied for supremacy and when the Communists took control in 1978 they asked the Soviet Union for military assistance. Reluctantly they agreed after Afghan leader Hafizullah Amin went to Moscow in 1979. 80,000 troops entered Afghanistan and the United States saw a chance for revenge against the Soviets who aided the Communists in the Vietnam War. The CIA covertly through General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan, provided modern weaponry. Charlie Wilson and socialite Joanne Herring were prominent in the raising of $9 billion covertly passed to Afghanistan. In 1988 the Soviets pulled out and the country descended into a vicious five-year civil war that the Taliban emerged victorious imposing strict Islamic law. Afghanistan became a safe haven for many terrorist groups and when the twin towers were attacked in New York the United States and its coalition allies entered Afghanistan in large numbers and as Rory Stewart points to the history of Afghanistan, it is an easy country to enter but a difficult one to leave.
# AfaR small RNA

In molecular biology, AfaR small RNA is an Hfq-dependent small RNA produced by the bacterium Escherichia coli. It is an Hfq-dependent RNA which downregulates AfaD-VIII invasin translation by binding to and initiating cleavage of its mRNA.
The transcription of AfaR is dependent on the stress response sigma factor sigma E.
# Aethaloessa floridalis

Aethaloessa floridalis is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1852. It is found throughout of subtropical Africa, including islands of the Indian Ocean and South and South-East Asia.
# Aethaloida

Aethaloida is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae erected by James Halliday McDunnough in 1920. Its only species, Aethaloida packardaria, was first described by George Duryea Hulst in 1888. It is found in the US state of California.
# Aethalodes verrucosus

Aethalodes verrucosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Aethalodes. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1888.
Subspecies Aethalodes verrucosus formosanus Kriesche, 1924 is endemic to Taiwan.
# Diketopyrrolopyrrole dye

Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) are organic dyes and pigments based on the heterocyclic dilactam 2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, widely used in optoelectronics. DPPs were initially used as pigments in the painting industry (e.g. in automotive paints) due to their high resistance to photodegradation. More recently, DPP derivatives have been also investigated as promising fluorescent dyes for bioimaging applications, as well as components of materials for use in organic electronics.

## Structure

DPP dyes are based on the bicyclic heterocyclic compound diketopyrrolopyrrole. 2,5-Dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione is a basic body of Diketopyrrolopyrrole dye. DPP pigments are an important class of high-performance pigments used in inks, paints and plastic. More recently their optical-electronic performance was discovered for photovoltaic applications and related uses.

## Optical properties

DPP has high stability to heat but not very well to acid and base. The alkylation of amide groups improves the solubility. The modified DDP shows high fluorescence and the emission wavelength is adjustable by change the aromatic group at 3 and 6 positions. Both electron donor group, such as thiophene, and expanding of the conjugated system increase the emission wavelength. DPP is also developed as a red emitting group in pure polymer light emitting diodes. Some DPP derivatives show aggregation induced emission and were used as effective fluorescent sensors, in organic solar cells.
# Amnart Chalermchaowarit

Amnart Chalermchaowarit (Thai อำนาจ เฉลิมชวลิต) is a Thai former footballer. He is one of the legend of Thai football who played in 1971–1985 for Thailand national football team, He got the nickname "Colonel Iron Bones".
# Louis Dutfoy

Louis Charles Marie Dutfoy (12 January 1860 in Marseille – 7 August 1904 in Marseille) was a French sport shooter who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He participated in Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won a silver medal with the French military pistol team.
# Cutter Consortium

Cutter Consortium, founded by Karen Fine Coburn in 1986, is an information technology research company based in Arlington, Massachusetts.

## History

Cutter Information Corp. was founded by Karen Fine Coburn in 1986. In 1990, Cutter purchased the rights to the American Programmer journal (since renamed to Cutter Business Technology Journal), and partnered with Ed Yourdon to form the Cutter Consortium.
On 2 June 2020, Cutter Consortium has been purchased by Arthur D. Little. The acquisition was to extend the consultancy platform and build a value proposition for the next century driven by digital consultancy and transparent problem-solving.
# Duan Albanach

The Duan Albanach (Song of the Scots) is a Middle Gaelic poem. Written during the reign of Mael Coluim III, who ruled between 1058 and 1093, it is found in a variety of Irish sources, and the usual version comes from the Book of Lecan and Book of Ui Maine.
It follows on from the Duan Eireannach, which covers the earlier mythological history of the Gael.
It is a praise poem of 27 stanzas, probably sung at court to a musical accompaniment by the harp. If performed in a public context, it is possible that the audience would have participated in the performance.
The Duan recounts the kings of the Scots since the eponymous Albanus came to Alba. The poem begins with the following stanzas.
   | A eolcha Alban uile, | O all ye learned of Alba ! |
   | a shluagh feuta foltbhuidhe, | Ye well skilled host of yellow hair ! |
   | cia ceud ghabhail, an eól duíbh, | What was the first invasion – is it known to you? |
   | ro ghabhasdair Albanruigh ? | Which took the land of Alba ? |
   | Albanus ro ghabh, lia a shlógh, | Albanus possessed it, numerous his hosts; |
   | mac sen oirdérc Isicon, | He was the illustrious son of Isacon, |
   | brathair is Briutus gan brath, | He and Brutus were brothers without deceit, |
   | ó ráitear Alba eathrach. | From him Alba of ships has its name. |
In the final stanzas it is seen that the poem dates from the time of Malcolm III, in the second half of the 11th century.
   | Se bliadhna Donnchaid glain gaoith | The six years of Donnchad the wise, |
   | xuii bliadhna mac Fionnlaoich, | Seventeen years the son of Findláech; |
   | tar és Mec Beathaidh go m-blaidh, | After Mac Bethad, the renowned, |
   | uii mís i f-flaithios Lughlaigh. | Seven months was Lulach in the sovereignty. |
   | Maolcholuim anosa as rí, | Máel Coluim is now the king, |
   | mac Donnchaidh dhata dhrechbhi, | Son of Donnchad the florid, of lively visage, |
   | a ré nocha n-fidir neach, | His duration knoweth no man |
   | acht an t-eólach as éolach. A eolcha. | But the Wise One, the Most Wise. O ye learned. |
# Cornelius Gardinier

Cornelius Gardinier (June 24, 1809 in Fultonville, Montgomery County, New York – October 21, 1892 in Darien, Fairfield County, Connecticut) was an American politician from New York.

## Life

Born to Rynier Gardinier and Mary Newkirk, he married Catherine and had at least ten children.
He was Postmaster of Fultonville from 1841 to 1843. In 1853, he ran for Canal Commissioner on the Whig ticket against John C. Mather. He won the election and remained in office from 1854 until 1856.
He died on October 21, 1892, in Darien, Connecticut, at the home of his son-in-law J. H. Taylor.

## Sources

* Official State Canvass in NYT on January 3, 1854
* Whig State Officers in the Havana Journal, of Havana, on January 14, 1854
* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pg. 42; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
* Death notice in the New York Herald on October 23, 1892
* History of the Town of Glen
* This article about a politician from the state of New York is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Cyana conclusa

Cyana conclusa is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1862. It is found on Borneo and Sumatra. The habitat consists of lowland forest types, excluding heath forests.
# Allan Cameron

Allan Cameron may refer to:
* Allan Cameron, 16th century head of Clan Cameron
* Allan Cameron (author) (born 1952), Scottish author and translator
* Allan Cameron (British Army officer) (1917–2011), Scottish soldier and creator of the International Curling Federation
* Allan Cameron (founder), co-founder of, Kincardine, Ontario
* Allan Cameron (politician) (1868–1923), Australian politician
* Allan Cameron (rugby union) (1924–2009), Scotland rugby union player
# 1,000 Guineas Trial Stakes

The 1,000 Guineas Trial Stakes was a flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It was run over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it was scheduled to take place each year in early April.

## History

The event was originally held at Ascot. The present grading system was introduced in 1971, and the race was classed at Group 3 level. It was staged at Newmarket in 1978, and transferred to Salisbury in 1979. It was relegated from Group 3 status in 1983, and discontinued after 1986.
The race served as a trial for the 1000 Guineas Stakes. The last horse to win both events was Full Dress in 1969.
The equivalent race for colts was the 2,000 Guineas Trial Stakes.

## Records

Leading jockey since 1968 (3 wins):
* Greville Starkey – Gilding (1976), Spring in Deepsea (1978), Go Leasing (1981)
Leading trainer since 1968 (3 wins):
* Harry Wragg – Ileana (1968), Full Dress (1969), Cheveley Princess (1973)
# Aenetus splendens

Aenetus splendens is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from New South Wales and Queensland.
The larvae bore in the stems of saplings of various plants, including Syzygium smithii, Callistemon, Eucalyptus, Callicoma serratifolia, Trema aspera, Casuarina, Dodonaea, Lantana camara, Pandorea pandorana and Rubus.