OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Echidnopsis

Echidnopsis is a genus of succulent, cactus-like plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1871. They are native to eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

## Accepted species

* Echidnopsis angustiloba E.A.Bruce & P.R.O.Bally - Kenya
* Echidnopsis archeri P.R.O.Bally - Kenya
* Echidnopsis ballyi (Marn.-Lap.) P.R.O.Bally - N Somalia
* Echidnopsis bentii N.E.Br. ex Hook.f. - Arabia
* Echidnopsis bihenduhensis P.R.O.Bally - N Somalia
* Echidnopsis cereiformis Hook.f. - South Africa
* Echidnopsis chrysantha Lavranos - Somalia
* Echidnopsis ciliata P.R.O.Bally - N Somalia
* Echidnopsis dammaniana Sprenger - Eritrea
* Echidnopsis ericiflora Lavranos - Kenya
* Echidnopsis globosa Thulin & Hjertson - Yemen
* Echidnopsis inconspicua Bruyns
* Echidnopsis insularis Lavranos - Socotra
* Echidnopsis leachii Lavranos
* Echidnopsis malum (Lavranos) Bruyns - Somalia
* Echidnopsis mijerteina Lavranos - Somalia
* Echidnopsis milleri Lavranos - Socotra
* Echidnopsis montana (R.A.Dyer & E.A.Bruce) P.R.O.Bally - Ethiopia
* Echidnopsis multangula (Forssk.) Chiov. - Arabia
* Echidnopsis planiflora P.R.O.Bally - Somalia, Ethiopia
* Echidnopsis radians Bellerue-Bleck - Kenya
* Echidnopsis repens R.A.Dyer & Verdoorn - Tanzania
* Echidnopsis rubrolutea Plowes - Somalia
* Echidnopsis scutellata (Deflers) A.Berger - Arabia, Kenya
* Echidnopsis seibanica Lavranos - Arabia
* Echidnopsis sharpei A.C.White & B.Sloane - Kenya, Somalia
* Echidnopsis similis Plowes - Somalia
* Echidnopsis socotrana Lavranos - Socotra
* Echidnopsis squamulata (Decne.) P.R.O.Bally - Arabia
* Echidnopsis uraiqatiana Dioli - Eritrea
* Echidnopsis urceolata P.R.O.Bally - Kenya
* Echidnopsis virchowii K.Schum. - Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania
* Echidnopsis watsonii P.R.O.Bally - Somalia
* Echidnopsis yemenensis Plowes - Yemen

## Species formerly included

Echidnopsis quadrangula now Caralluma quadrangula

## Taxonomy

Phylogenetic studies have shown the genus to be monophyletic, and most closely related to the genus Rhytidocaulon. Marginally more distantly related is a sister branch comprising the genus Pseudolithos and the widespread Caralluma stapeliads of North Africa.
# 1888 in Denmark

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1888 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Christian IX
* Prime minister – J. B. S. Estrup

## Events
### Undated

* The Nordic Exhibition of 1888 took place in Copenhagen.

## Culture
### Music

* 5 February – First public performance of Carl Nielsen's String Quartet No. 1 in the smaller hall of the Odd Fellows Mansion in Copenhagen.

## Births
### January–March

* 6 March – Hans Christian Hagedorn, pharmachologist and Novo Nordisk co-founder (died 1971)
* 9 March – Ernestine Nyrop, textile artist (died 1975)
* 15 March – Sophus Nielsen, footballer (died 1963)
* 30 March – Einar Utzon-Frank, sculptor (died 1955)

### April–June

* 26 April – Olaf Henriksen, Major League baseball player (died 1962)

### July–September

* 15 July – Svend Bille, actor (died 1973)
* 28 July – Adam Fischer, sculptor (died 1968)
* 12 August – Prince Axel of Denmark (died 1964)

### October–December

* 13 December – A. J. Iversen, cabinetmaker and furniture designer (died 1979)
* 15 December – Kaare Klint, architect (died 1954)
* 16 December – Ivan Joseph Martin Osiier, Olympic athlete (died 1965)

## Deaths

* 29 February – Wilhelm Sponneck, nobleman and politician, Danish finance minister (born 1815)
* 8 August – Jørgen Roed, painter (born 1808)
* 14 August – Carl Christian Hall, politician, Danish prime minister (born 1812)
# Alvin A. Lee

Alvin A. Lee (born September 30, 1930), is a Canadian literary critic and former academic administrator.

## Career

The majority of his academic career—some 39 years—was spent at McMaster University in Hamilton; he served as President and vice-chancellor of that university from 1980 to 1990. He also served as Chairman of the Council of Ontario Universities. The McMaster Museum of Art is housed in a building named in his honour because of his work acquiring extensive and valuable art collections for McMaster University. He received honorary doctorates from Victoria University in the University of Toronto, and from McMaster University, and was made an honorary professor at Beijing University, the University of Science and Technology Beijing, and Heilongjiang University. Lee holds B.A., M.A., M.Div., and Ph.D. degrees.
His academic interests lie in the fields of Old English literature, the Bible and literature, and literary theory.
Lee served as the General Editor of the 30-volume Collected Works of Northrop Frye, being published by the University of Toronto Press (the final volume published in 2012); he has edited two volumes himself, including an annotated edition of Frye's The Great Code. He also wrote the introduction to the Penguin Modern Classics editions of The Great Code and Words with Power. He is perhaps best known for his work on Beowulf: Gold-Hall and Earth-Dragon: Beowulf as Metaphor (University of Toronto Press). He has written articles, reviews and another book on Old English poetry, The Guest Hall of Eden: Four Essays on the Design of Old English Poetry (Yale University Press), and one on the Canadian poet and playwright, James Reaney. He, along with his wife, Hope Lee, also edited several textbooks for Harcourt Brace: Wish and Nightmare, Circle of Stories: One, Circle of Stories: Two, The Temple and the Ruin, The Garden and the Wilderness, and The Peaceable Kingdom.
# 1901 Ulster Senior Hurling Championship

The 1901 Ulster Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural edition of the annual Ulster Senior Hurling Championship held under the auspices of the Ulster GAA. The Championship consisted of a single match between Antrim and Derry, the only entrants.
Antrim had competed in the previous year's All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship having emerged from Ulster unchallenged. As a consequence, Antrim were treated as defending Ulster Champions despite no matches taking place.
Antrim emerged victorious by 41 points to 12. The exact breakdown of the final score has been lost to history. Antrim advanced to the semifinal of the 1901 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship where they were defeated by Wexford.

## Teams

| Antrim | Derry |
| Titles ||
| 1 | 0 |
| Last title ||
| 1900 | n/a |

## Bracket

| Finals | Finals | Finals |
| Antrim | Antrim | 41 |
| Derry | Derry | 12 |
# 1901 University of New Mexico football team

The 1901 University of New Mexico football team was an American football team represented the University of New Mexico as an independent during the 1901 college football season. The team compiled a 0–3–1 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 111 to 34. Joe Napier was the coach and team captain. Prane was a co-captain.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| November 9 | Central School | Albuquerque, New Mexico Territory | T 0–0 |
| November 16 | at New Mexico Normal | Las Vegas, New Mexico Territory | L 0–32 |
| November 28 | Central School | Albuquerque, New Mexico Territory | L 0–11 |
| December 7 | Albuquerque Indian School | Albuquerque, New Mexico Territory | L 7–11 |
# 1894–95 Scottish Districts season

The 1894–95 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.

## History

The scoring was tweaked again this season, to give greater emphasis on try-scoring. A 'goal' - a try and conversion - remained 5 points; but the try was now greater value than the conversion (3pts to 2pts).
Glasgow District beat Edinburgh District in the Inter-City match. The gate money was estimated at £150. The Scottish Referee noted that it was unfortunate that Glasgow District's and West of Scotland FC's player Charles Nicholl was not eligible for Scotland.
The North of Scotland v South of Scotland match was called off due to the frost.

## Results

| Date | Try | Conversion | Penalty | Dropped goal | Goal from mark | Notes |
| 1894–1904 | 3 points | 2 points | 3 points | 4 points | 4 points |

### Inter-City

* 1 December 1894
| Glasgow District | 10 - 6 | Edinburgh District |
| Try: W. R. Gibson Thomson Con: George Neilson x 2 | Report | Try: Welsh Gibson |
* Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow Referee: Graham Findlay
Glasgow District:
Edinburgh District:
* 8 December 1894
| Glasgow District | - | South of Scotland District |
| | Preview | |
Glasgow District:
South of Scotland District:
* 8 December 1894
| Edinburgh District | - | North of Scotland District |
| | Preview Preview | |
* Holborn Cricket Grounds
Edinburgh District:
North of Scotland District:

### Other Scottish matches

* 28 December 1894
| Provinces District | 5-3 | Cities District |
| | Report Report | |
* Merchiston Castle grounds
Provinces:
Cities:

### English matches

No other District matches played.

### International matches

No touring matches this season.
# Eburia crinitus

Eburia crinitus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
# Eburia distincta

Eburia distincta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
# Echinolepis

Echinolepis is a monotypic genus of flatworms belonging to the family Hymenolepididae. The only species is Echinolepis carioca.
The species is found in Europe, Northern America.
# Ambulyx tondanoi

Ambulyx tondanoi is a species of moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Sulawesi.
# Ambilly

Ambilly (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, southeastern France.

## Notable persons born in Ambilly

* Pierre Cormon, writer
* Diane Rouxel, actor
# Echaskech

Echaskech are a British electronica / audio-visual act based in London. The band formed in 2004 and were originally a duo composed of Dom Hoare and Andy Gillham, who had previously worked together as a drum & bass DJ act touring with artists such as LTJ Bukem and Grooverider. Early in 2005 the music duo became a multimedia trio with the addition of visual artist Mach V, who provides visuals during live performances and whose prior work includes music festivals such as The Big Chill and a collaboration with Sounds from the Ground that exhibited at Tate Britain. Also in 2005 Echaskech performed along with Jon Hopkins at various events in London and as a result Jon introduced the band to Just Music who subsequently signed them.
Echaskech's eclectic style spans across the electronic music genre, as Ian Roullier from musicOMH says, "This is where Orbital, Brian Eno, The Radiophonic Workshop, Warp's Artificial Intelligence series from the early '90s and good old tuneful, contemporary, grimy dance music collide".
Shatterproof, the act's second album on Just Music was compared to The Future Sound of London's Lifeforms by the BBC's Colin Buttimer and Ben Hogwood of DMC, who commented that "The band move between a spaced-out ambience, peppered with splintered beats, to darker moments" on this release.
Musically, the duo have collaborated with numerous acts including Roots Manuva, James Yuill, Max Cooper, Kraddy, Posthuman_(band) and SBTRKT with festival performances at Glade, Blissfields, Secret Garden Party, Solfest, Big Chill and Festinho. Their performance at Festinho 2010 was nominated for the UK Festival Awards Critics’ Choice Award.
In November 2010, Echaskech collaborated with Traum Schallplatten artist Max Cooper on a remix of "Chaotisch Serie" for his Expressions EP.
In December 2013 the single 'Form | Function' was debuted on the Lauren Laverne show BBC Radio 6 Music, and officially announced by SPIN magazine on 14 Jan 2014 as being the first single to a new album Origin to be released 24 Feb 2014 on Just Music.
In 2014 Dom and Andy from Echaskech started the record label 'VLSI'. The label's name is homage to a classic rave track by Epoch 90 and also a nod to Very Large Scale Integration where thousands of transistors were combined into a single chip. The label has had releases by BUNKR, Jonathan Krisp, and Echaskech themselves.
2020 sees the release of a new studio album 'Invisible City' and a string of 'lockdown' performances during the Covid-19 pandemic. Other releases included an experimental cassette release called 'Andromeda' on Balkan Vinyl the label owned by Posthuman_(band).
Dom Hoare is the nephew of computer scientist Sir Tony Hoare.

## Discography

Albums:
* Skechbook (2007)
* Shatterproof (2009)
* Origin (2014)
* Invisible City (2020)
Singles & EPs:
* Popstars (2007)
* Every Touch (2008)
* The Storm Before The Calm (2009)
* Future Sex EP (2009)
* 626 - [ASIP - Uncharted Places] (2013)
* Form | Function EP (2014)
* Certainty of Tides EP (2017)
* Twich EP (2017)
* Andromeda (mini album) (2020)
* Rackmount (2020)
* Mirrors EP (2021)
Remixes:
* Chaotic Serie (2010) - Expressions EP, Max Cooper
# American (1902 automobile)

The American, often nicknamed as the American Gas, was a small gasoline-powered buggy manufactured by the American Motor Carriage Company in Cleveland from 1902 to 1903, and sold until early 1904. It was one of nearly two dozen American automobile marques to bear this name.
The company evolved in August 1901 from an interior decorating studio. Its president was George F. McKay, with F.D. Dorman as vice president and general manager, J.F. Morris acting as secretary-treasurer and George H. Wadsworth as superintendent.
The car was developed by chief engineer George W. Dunham. It was a light (1000 lb) two-passenger runabout with a water-cooled, 7-horsepower (5.2 kW) single-cylinder engine fitted under the seat, a planetary transmission and a single chain to the rear axle. The wheel base was 72 inches (180 cm). The most outstanding item of the vehicle was its wheel-steering device. A 7-gallon fuel tank was fitted, which would give a driving range of about 150 miles (240 km). As usual at the time, the car was right-hand driven. Minimalistic coachwork included a small compartment in front. The car came painted in "French carmine", with the running gear in "Valentine red", and the seat bench trimmed in black leather. The car's initial price was $1000, and the company came never close to the targeted capacity of 200 cars per year.
In September 1903, the company came under receivership management by the Prudential Trust Company. Dunham became general manager, looking to assemble as many cars as possible from parts ready. These were sold for $750 until April 1904, when a new company named American Automobile Company moved in. They never produced a car.
Press noted that the American Motor Carriage Company was the first automobile manufacturer in Cleveland that failed. This is not true, but it was the most important by then.
# East Devon National Landscape

East Devon National Landscape covers over 100 square miles (260 km$^2$) of the East Devon countryside (England).
This countryside includes eighteen miles (29 km) of Heritage coastline. The designated area covers: twenty-nine parishes and borders the coastal towns of Exmouth, Seaton and Sidmouth but includes the entire resort of Budleigh Salterton.
East Devon has two AONBs within its catchment area which includes the Blackdown Hills (designated 1991) and East Devon AONB (designated 1963), both AONBs make up over 66% of the district.
East Devon AONB Partnership is a joint initiative funded by Defra (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), East Devon District Council and Devon County Council. Through ventures such as community projects and project grants East Devon AONB Partnership helps to conserve and manage the East Devon AONB.
# Eastern Range (disambiguation)

The Eastern Range is a U.S. rocket range on the east coast of Florida.
Eastern Range or variation, may also refer to:
* Eastern Ranges, an Australian-rules football team in the state of Victoria, Australia.
* Eastern Range mine, Pilbara region, Western Australia, Australia; an iron ore mine named "Eastern Range"
* Eastern Range (Kamchatka), Russia; a mountain range
* Great Eastern Ranges, a cordillera in eastern Australia, extending from Victoria to Queensland
# American Beverage Association

The American Beverage Association (ABA) is a government lobbying group that represents the beverage industry in the United States. Its members include producers and bottlers of soft drinks, such as The Coca-Cola Company, PepsiCo, and Keurig Dr Pepper, along with other non-alcoholic beverages.

## History

The organization was founded in 1919, and originally named the American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages. In 1966, it renamed itself the National Soft Drink Association. Then in November 2004, it changed to its current name, "to better reflect the expanded range of nonalcoholic beverages the industry produces."

## Leadership

Its members are bottling companies and other beverage industry firms, including Bulldog Americas Corporation, several Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola bottlers, Pepsi-Americas Inc, and Royal Crown Bottling Corporation.

## Lobbying

The American Beverage Association's lobbying efforts have recently skyrocketed, largely to finance the industry's opposition to legislators’ considering increased taxes on soft drinks given their impact on Americans' health. The Association has annually spent from $391,000 to more than $690,000 annually on lobbying from 2003 to 2008. In the 2010 election cycle, its lobbying grew more than 1000 percent to $8.67 million. These funds are helping to pay for 25 lobbyists at seven different lobbying firms.

## Latest news

In September 2009, a New England Journal of Medicine study called for taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages saying that these actions would cut rates of diet-related diseases and health care costs. Written by experts in nutrition, public health and economics, the study called for an excise tax of a penny per ounce on soft drinks and other beverages that have added sweeteners such as sucrose, high fructose corn syrup or fruit-juice concentrates. The expectation is that such a tax could reduce calorie consumption from sweetened beverages by 10% and create revenue that governments could use to pay for health programs. A report on the New England Journal of Medicine study can be read here
To counter these pro-tax efforts, the American Beverage Association and other beverage industry companies have established an "Americans Against Food Taxes" coalition and website. Their efforts include national advertising and other actions positioning the proposed taxes as "taxing hard-working families." This group's actions have been opposed by pro-tax organizations including the Center for Science in the Public Interest.
To date, 33 states have taxes on soft drinks but they are "too low to affect consumption and the revenues are not earmarked for health programs," according to the New England Journal of Medicine study.
# American Bicentennial Series

American Bicentennial Series may refer to:
* Bicentennial Series, a series of American stamps commemorating the Bicentennial in 1976
* The Kent Family Chronicles (The American Bicentennial Series), a series of eight novels by John Jakes
* Bicentennial Minutes, a series of short educational American television segments commemorating the bicentennial of the American Revolution
* United States Bicentennial coinage of 1975-1976
# Jonas Rønning

Jonas Rønning (born 8 August 1970 in Jevnaker) is a Norwegian comedian, actor and cabaret artist. Notable performances include the musical "Olsenbanden Jr. - At Circus" (based on the film Olsenbanden Jr. på Cirkus) at the Oslo Nye Teater, and appearances in entertainment programs on TV, including a regular role in the long-running television drama series Hotel Cæsar, and appearances on the musical variety show Beat for Beat, which airs weekly on the national television channel NRK1. As a stand-up comedian he is best known as "the man with the megaphone" and for "Hønefosskålen".
In 2002 Rønning received the Stå opp-prisen (Stand-up Prize) from Stand Up Norge, the largest booking agency for comedians in Norway.
Rønning and Bror Andersen set up an annual summer revue in Hønefoss. In October to December 2007 he performed his show "Et Fønny Sjow" at Victoria Nasjonal Jazzscene with Morten Grøtnes. In December 2012, Rønning and Grøtnes performed the Christmas show "Julelatter 2012" ("Christmas Laughter 2012").
# Craig Haupt

Craig Arend Haupt (born 25 June 1972) is a South African-born English former cricketer.
Haupt was born at Cape Town in June 1972. In South Africa, he represented South Africa Under-19s and played minor matches for Western Province, prior to moving to England to become the professional at Banbury Cricket Club Following success at club level with Banbury, Haupt made his debut for Oxfordshire in a List A one-day match against the Durham Cricket Board in the 1999 NatWest Trophy at Hartlepool. He played List A cricket for Oxfordshire until 2001, making a total of four appearances. He scored 182 runs in these matches, at an average of 60.66; he made one century, a score of 126 not out against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board at Oxford in 2001. He also took a single wicket his medium pace bowling in List A cricket. In addition to playing List A one-day cricket for Oxfordshire, Haupt also played minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire from 2000 to 2012, making 35 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and 27 appearances in the MCCA Knockout Trophy.
In 2018, he became the first player to score 10,000 runs in the Home Counties Premier Cricket League. For Banbury, he has made 24 centuries and 57 half centuries. His former teammate Neal Radford considered him capable of playing at a higher level, while his former captain at Banbury, Jimmy Phillips, considered him the best slip fielder in the country at any level in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Haupt underwent knee surgery in his early 40s, but continued to play club cricket. His nephew, Dale, has played first-class cricket in South Africa.
# Algorithmic mechanism design

Algorithmic mechanism design (AMD) lies at the intersection of economic game theory, optimization, and computer science. The prototypical problem in mechanism design is to design a system for multiple self-interested participants, such that the participants' self-interested actions at equilibrium lead to good system performance. Typical objectives studied include revenue maximization and social welfare maximization. Algorithmic mechanism design differs from classical economic mechanism design in several respects. It typically employs the analytic tools of theoretical computer science, such as worst case analysis and approximation ratios, in contrast to classical mechanism design in economics which often makes distributional assumptions about the agents. It also considers computational constraints to be of central importance: mechanisms that cannot be efficiently implemented in polynomial time are not considered to be viable solutions to a mechanism design problem. This often, for example, rules out the classic economic mechanism, the Vickrey–Clarke–Groves auction.

## History

Noam Nisan and Amir Ronen first coined "Algorithmic mechanism design" in a research paper published in 1999.
# Aita Ighodaro

Aita Ighodaro is a British author with two published books, Sin Tropez and All that Glitters, a journalist, an art collector with the Tate Africa Acquisitions Committee, and a former model.

## Early life and education

Ighodaro was born in London in 1983 to a family of Nigerian and Sierra Leonean descent. She studied Modern and Medieval Languages at Oxford University.

## Career

While studying at Oxford University, Ighodaro worked as a fashion model for a year attending shoots in St Tropez and Cannes. After Oxford she worked in the television industry and has written for several national newspapers and magazines including the Independent and the Sunday Express. On graduating from Oxford, Ighodaro wrote two novels. Sin Tropez, published by Corvus, Atlantic Books in December 2010, and All That Glitters, published in November, 2012.
In 2012, Ighodaro founded Idaro, a consulting firm with a focus on business and investment with Sub-Saharan Africa.