OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jules Thurmann

Jules Thurmann (5 November 1804, Neuf-Brisach in Haut-Rhin, France – 25 July 1855, Porrentruy) was an Alsatian French-Swiss geologist and botanist.
He studied at the college in Porrentruy, then continued his education at the University of Strasbourg and at the École royale des mines in Paris. In 1832 he was appointed professor of mathematics and natural sciences at Porrentruy College. In 1837 he became the first director of the "normal school" for teachers in Porrentruy. In 1838 he was chairman of the first congress for the Société géologique de France, which took place in Porrentruy.
He devoted much of his time to geological studies of the Jura Mountains, being known for his pioneer investigations in regards to Jurassic orography. In the field of stratigraphy, he introduced in 1834 the term "Neocomian" to define the lowest stage of Cretaceous formation. As a botanist, he conducted phytosociological research, and is credited with directing the last phases of development for the botanical garden at Porrentruy.
He was the founder of the Société de statistique des districts du Jura (1832); co-founder and first president of the Société jurassienne d'émulation (1847–1855) and a member of the Grand Conseil bernois (1837–1839, 1844–1845).

## Published works (selection)

* Essai sur les soulèvemens jurassiques du Porrentruy, 1832 – Essay on Jurassic upheavals around Porrentruy.
* Principes de pédagogie, 1842 – Principles of pedagogy.
* Système de géographie botanique, 1847 – System of phytogeography.
* Enumération des plantes vasculaires du district de Porrentruy, 1848 – Enumeration of vascular plants in the district of Porrentruy.
* Essai de Phytostatique appliqué à la chaîne du Jura et aux contrées voisines, 1849 – Essay on applied phytostatics for the Jura chain and neighboring regions.
* Résumé des lois orographiques générales du système des Monts-Jura, 1853 – On general orographic laws involving the Jura Mountains.
# Cricotopus bicinctus

Cricotopus bicinctus is a species of fly in the family Chironomidae. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Cricotopus

Cricotopus is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

## Species

* C. annulator Goetghebuer, 1927
* C. arcuatus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. beckeri Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. bicinctus (Meigen, 1818)
* C. brevipalpis Kieffer, 1909
* C. caducus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. coronatus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. cumulatus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. curtus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. cylindraceus (Kieffer, 1908)
* C. debilis (Williston, 1896)
* C. dobroginus Albu, 1964
* C. draysoni Cranston & Krosch, 2015
* C. elegans Johannsen, 1943
* C. ephippium (Zetterstedt, 1838)
* C. festivellus (Kieffer, 1906)
* C. flavocinctus (Kieffer, 1924)
* C. fuscus (Kieffer, 1909)
* C. gelidus (Kieffer, 1922)
* C. glacialis Edwards, 1922
* C. guttatus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. intersectus (Stæger, 1839)
* C. laetus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. laricomalis Edwards, 1932
* C. lestralis (Edwards, 1924)
* C. levantinus Moubayed & Hirvenoja, 1986
* C. lygropis Edwards, 1929
* C. magus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. maurii Spies & Sæther, 2004
* C. nevadensis Casas & Vilchez-Quero, 1992
* C. obnixus (Walker, 1856)
* C. obtusus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. ornatus (Meigen, 1818)
* C. pallidipes Edwards, 1929
* C. patens Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. perniger (Zetterstedt, 1850)
* C. pilicauda Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. pilidorsum Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. pilitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1850)
* C. pilosellus Brundin, 1956
* C. pirifer Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. polaris Kieffer, 1926
* C. pulchripes Verrall, 1912
* C. reductus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. relucens Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. reversus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. septentrionalis Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. similis Goetghebuer, 1921
* C. slossonae Malloch, 1915
* C. speciosus Goetghebuer, 1921
* C. suspiciosus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. sylvestris (Fabricius, 1794)
* C. tibialis (Meigen, 1804)
* C. tremulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
* C. triannulatus (Macquart, 1826)
* C. tricinctus (Meigen, 1818)
* C. trifascia Edwards, 1929
* C. trifasciatus (Meigen, 1810)
* C. tristis Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. vierriensis Goetghebuer, 1935
* C. villosus Hirvenoja, 1973
* C. zavreli Szadziewski & Hirvenoja, 1981
# Crossotus

Crossotus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.
* Crossotus albicollis Guérin-Méneville, 1844
* Crossotus albofasciculatus Breuning, 1971
* Crossotus arabicus Gahan, 1896
* Crossotus argenteus Hintz, 1912
* Crossotus barbatus Gerstäcker, 1871
* Crossotus bifasciatus Kolbe, 1900
* Crossotus brunneopictus (Fairmaire, 1891)
* Crossotus capucinus (Gerstäcker, 1884)
* Crossotus erlangeri Hintz, 1912
* Crossotus falzonii Breuning, 1943
* Crossotus freoides Breuning, 1938
* Crossotus genalis Aurivillius, 1913
* Crossotus inermis Breuning, 1935
* Crossotus katbeh Sama, 1999
* Crossotus klugi Distant, 1892
* Crossotus nebulosus (Fairmaire, 1892)
* Crossotus plumicornis Audinet-Serville, 1835
* Crossotus plurifasciculatus Breuning, 1938
* Crossotus pseudostypticus Breuning, 1956
* Crossotus saxosicollis Fairmaire, 1893
* Crossotus schoutedeni Breuning, 1935
* Crossotus stigmaticus (Fahraeus, 1872)
* Crossotus strigifrons (Fairmaire, 1886)
* Crossotus stypticus Pascoe, 1869
* Crossotus sublineatus Gestro, 1892
* Crossotus subocellatus (Fairmaire, 1886)
* Crossotus tubericollis (Fairmaire, 1886)
* Crossotus ugandae Breuning, 1936
* Crossotus vagepictus (Fairmaire, 1886)
* Crossotus xanthoneurus Sama, 2000
# Cross-site tracing

In web security, cross-site tracing (abbreviated "XST") is a network security vulnerability exploiting the HTTP TRACE method.
XST scripts exploit ActiveX, Flash, or any other controls that allow executing an HTTP TRACE request. The HTTP TRACE response includes all the HTTP headers including authentication data and HTTP cookie contents, which are then available to the script. In combination with cross domain access flaws in web browsers, the exploit is able to collect the cached credentials of any web site, including those utilizing SSL.
# Charlotte Taylor Blow Charless

Charlotte Taylor Blow Charless (1810–1905) founded the "Home of the Friendless" in St. Louis in 1853 for elderly, indigent women who could no longer work and care for themselves. Renamed “The Charless Home" in 1977, the institution celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2003 and continues to provide housing and services to retired men (since 1996) as well as women.
Mrs. Charless wrote a biography of her husband, Joseph Charless, Jr. (1804-1859) to extol his exemplary moral and Christian character. Her husband, a prominent merchant and banker, was assassinated in St. Louis by a deranged bookkeeper, Joseph Thornton, who believed that Charless had ruined his character by testifying against him at trial. Thornton, accused of stealing nearly $20,000 from the Boatmen’s Saving Association, was acquitted of theft, but found guilty of murder. Mrs. Charless's biography, written as a series of letters to her grandchildren, was privately printed and published in St. Louis in 1869.
Born in Southampton County, Virginia, Mrs. Charless traveled with her family first to northern Alabama and then, in 1830, to St. Louis where her father, Peter Blow (1777 -1832), briefly operated a hotel. At the time of his death, he or his family sold their slave Dred Scott (ca.1799-1858) to Colonel John Emerson, who took Scott to the “free” state of Illinois and territory of Wisconsin. When Scott returned to St. Louis in 1842, he sued for his freedom. Scott found moral and monetary support from Charlotte Charless, her husband and her brothers Henry and Taylor Blow. After Scott's final appeal to the United States Supreme Court failed in 1857, Colonel Emerson's widow, by then married to a leading abolitionist, transferred ownership of Scott to Taylor Blow. Taylor Blow gave Scott his freedom in 1857.

## Sources

* Gary Sluyter, St. Louis’ Hidden Treasure, A History of The Charless Home, 1853-2003 (St. Louis, 2003).
* Charlotte Charless, A Biographical Sketch of the Life and Character of Joseph Charless, in a Series of Letters to His Grandchildren (St. Louis, 1869). Text is available at Project Gutenberg.
# Ilnur Gizatullin

Ilnur Gizatullin (born May 13, 1969) is a Soviet and Russian former professional ice hockey forward. He is a one-time Russian Champion. After completing his career as a player, he became a coach.

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |
| RSL |||
| Winner (Ak Bars Kazan) | 1998 |
# José Vilariño

José Antonio Vilariño (19 May 1961 – 8 April 2022) was an Argentine engineer and politician. A member of the Victory Party, he served in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies from 1995 to 1999 and again from 2003 to 2015. He died of cardiac arrest in Buenos Aires on 8 April 2022 at the age of 60.
# De/Vision discography

This is the discography of German synth-pop band De/Vision.

## Studio albums

| Year | Details | Peak chart positions |
| Year | Details | GER |
| 1994 | World Without End Released: 28 January 1994 Label: Strange Ways Records Format: CD | — |
| 1995 | Unversed in Love Released: 20 January 1995 Label: Strange Ways Records Format: CD | — |
| 1996 | Fairyland? Released: 9 August 1996 Label: Strange Ways Records Format: CD | 87 |
| 1998 | Monosex Released: 14 April 1998 Label: WEA Records Format: CD | 30 |
| 2000 | Void Released: 28 February 2000 Label: WEA Records Format: CD | 34 |
| 2001 | Two Released: 1 October 2001 Label: E-Wave Records Format: CD | 42 |
| 2003 | Devolution Release: 6 January 2003 Label: E-Wave Records Format: CD | 53 |
| 2004 | 6 Feet Underground Release: 28 June 2004 Label: E-Wave Records Format: CD | 35 |
| 2006 | Subkutan Release: 27 January 2006 Label: E-Wave Records Format: CD | 50 |
| 2007 | NOOB Release: 24 August 2007 Label: E-Wave Records Format: CD | 44 |
| 2010 | Popgefahr Release: 19 March 2010 Label: Popgefahr Records Format: CD | 62 |
| 2012 | Rockets and Swords Release: 24 August 2012 Label: Popgefahr Records Format: CD | 39 |
| 2016 | 13 Release: 13 May 2016 Label: None Format: CD | 11 |
| 2018 | Citybeats Release: 22 June 2018 Label: Popgefahr Records Format: CD | 38 |
| "—" denotes a release that did not chart. |||||||||

## Singles

| Year | Song | GER | Album |
| 1990 | "Your Hands on My Skin" | — | Non-album singles |
| 1992 | "Boy on the Street" | — | Non-album singles |
| 1993 | "Try to Forget" | — | World Without End |
| 1994 | "Dinner Without Grace" | — | World Without End |
| 1994 | "Love Me Again" | — | Unversed in Love |
| 1995 | "Blue Moon" | — | Unversed in Love |
| 1995 | "Dress Me When I Bleed" | — | Unversed in Love |
| 1996 | "Sweet Life" | — | Fairyland? |
| 1996 | "I Regret" | — | Fairyland? |
| 1998 | "We Fly Tonight" | 47 | Monosex |
| 1998 | "Strange Affection" | — | Monosex |
| 1998 | "Hear Me Calling" | — | Monosex |
| 1999 | "Blue Moon 1999" | — | Non-album single |
| 2000 | "Foreigner" | 76 | Void |
| 2000 | "Freedom" | — | Void |
| 2001 | "Heart-Shaped Tumor" | 89 | Two |
| 2002 | "Lonely Day" | — | Two |
| 2002 | "Miss You More" | — | Devolution |
| 2003 | "Drifting Sideways" | — | Devolution |
| 2003 | "I Regret 2003" | — | Non-album single |
| 2004 | "I'm Not Dreaming of You" | — | 6 Feet Underground |
| 2004 | "Unputdownable" | — | 6 Feet Underground |
| 2005 | "Turn Me On" | — | 6 Feet Underground |
| 2005 | "The End" | — | Subkutan |
| 2006 | "Love Will Find a Way" | — | Best Of |
| 2007 | "Flavour of the Week" | — | NOOB |
| 2009 | "Rage/Time to Be Alive" | — | Popgefahr |
| 2011 | "Twisted Story" | — | Popgefahr - The Mix |
| 2012 | "Brotherhood of Man/Binary Soldier" | — | Rockets and Swords |
| 2012 | "Kamikaze" | — | Rockets and Swords |
| 2014 | "Brothers in Arms" | — | 25 Years - Best of Tour 2013 |
| 2016 | "Who Am I" | — | 13 |
| "—" denotes a release that did not chart. ||||
# Curses, Hexes and Spells

Curses, Hexes and Spells is a 1974 book by Daniel Cohen. Marketed as children's book, it explains what "curses" are, and describes supposed curses on families (such as the House of Atreus in Greek mythology, the House of Habsburg or the Kennedy family), creatures, places (the Bermuda Triangle, the Devil's Sea), wanderers (like the Flying Dutchman) and ghosts. It also describes a few protective amulets from supposed "occult" dangers, and briefly touches on birthstones.
Curses, Hexes, and Spells is number 73 on the American Library Association's list of the 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–2000. The book also appears on several other lists of "banned"/challenged books in the United States such as The New York Times 50 Most Frequently Banned Books in which it is number 11.
# Curses (Future of the Left album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Crawdaddy! | (favorable) |
| NME | (8/10) |
| Pitchfork Media | (8.0/10) |
Curses! is the debut release of Welsh band Future of the Left, released by Too Pure in 2007.

## Track listing

* "The Lord Hates a Coward" – 3:34
* "Plague of Onces" – 3:03
* "Fingers Become Thumbs!" – 1:50
* "Manchasm" – 3:54
* "Fuck the Countryside Alliance" – 2:06
* "My Gymnastic Past" – 2:30
* "Suddenly It's a Folk Song" – 2:55
* "Kept by Bees" – 1:54
* "Small Bones Small Bodies" – 2:22
* "Wrigley Scott" – 2:06
* "Real Men Hunt in Packs" – 3:27
* "Team:Seed" – 1:19
* "adeadenemyalwayssmellsgood" – 3:09
* "The Contrarian" – 3:02
* The iTunes version of the album contains the bonus track "I Need to Know How to Kill a Cat"
* The Japanese version includes the above bonus track and "The Big Wide O".
* Both tracks were previously released as B-sides on the Small Bones Small Bodies single.

## Personnel

* Andrew Falkous – Guitar, Piano, Keyboards, Vocals
* Kelson Mathias - Bass, Vocals
* Jack Egglestone - Drums
* Sean McGee – Mastering
* Richard Jackson - Engineering, Production
* Jim 'Jim' Anderson - Engineering
# Cyclosporins

The cyclosporins are a group of macrolides isolated from fungi and used as immunosuppresant drugs, for example after transplant surgery. They are nonribosomal peptide synthesized by cyclosporin synthetase.
* Cyclosporin A (ciclosporin)
* Cyclosporin B
* Cyclosporin C
* Cyclosporin D
* Cyclosporin E
* Cyclosporin F
* Cyclosporin G
# Kaare Reitan

Kaare Reitan (8 August 1903 – 8 October 2000) was a Norwegian orthodontist who was instrumental in introducing through his histological research experiments the responses of tissues to orthodontic tooth movement. His experiments set a foundation for future research on the effects on surrounding tissues of teeth by the mechanical forces of orthodontics. He was a recipient of Albert H. Ketcham Award.

## Life

He was born in Andebu, Norway. He then traveled to Paris to study linguistics and dentistry. He completed his dental degree in 1928 from a dental school there. He then started working in Sandefjord as a dentist. He then traveled to US and enrolled himself at the Northwestern University in Chicago in 1937. He completed his orthodontics and received his Masters there in 1939. He then started working under Dr. William Skillen and Balint Orban for the histological research. Later he returned to Norway in 1940 and practiced Orthodontics.

## Orthodontics

In 1946, he investigated the morphology of tissue changes and presented his thesis in 1951 called "The initial tissue reaction incident to orthodontic tooth movement as related to the influence of function". He worked on dogs on his experiment. His research was key in distinguishing the tissue response difference between animals and humans. His research was important in introducing possibly detrimental effects of orthodontics on tooth movement. He then returned to US in 1950 and further worked with Dr. Gottlieb, Dr. Sicher and Dr. Weinmann. His research focused on histological reactions in teeth and surrounding tissues. He studied the factors that influenced orthodontic tooth movement.
He published over 50 papers and has contributed to many chapters of orthodontic textbooks.

## Awards and recognition

* John Valentine Mershon Lecturer - 1966
* Prix George Villain - 1967
* Albert H. Ketcham Award - 1976
* Honorary member of Danish and Norwegian Orthodontic Societies - 1972
* Honorary Doctorate from University of Gothenburg and University of Bergen
# Cutter Service Act

Cutter Service Act, 1914 is a United States federal statute authorizing the construction of two revenue cutter vessels as related to medical and surgical relief for American vessel crews engaged in the deep-sea fisheries. The two revenue cutters provided a class of service as a steam-powered vessel encompassing the coastal geography of the Gulf of Mexico and Maine.
The act of Congress emphasized providing otherwise-unobtainable medical services for seamen on board American fishing fleets. It authorized the commandant of the Revenue Cutter Service to "detail for duty on revenue cutters such surgeons and other persons of the Public Health Service as ... necessary."
As a result of the act, many cutter vessels were fitted out as hospital ships and "relieved from the regular duties as normally performed by cutters" to cruise the fishing banks off the U.S. coastlines as floating hospitals.
# Cycling at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's road race T1–2

The men's road race T1-2 cycling event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place on September 17 at Pontal, Rio. The race distance was 60 km.

## Results : Men's road race T1-2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Classification | Time | Deficit |
| | Hans-Peter Durst | Germany | T2 | 02:57:00 | 0 |
| | David Stone | Great Britain | T2 | 03:00:00 | 3 |
| | Néstor Javier Ayala | Colombia | T2 | s.t. | s.t. |
| 4 | Ryan Boyle | United States | T2 | 03:16:00 | 19 |
| 5 | Giorgio Farroni | Italy | T2 | 03:52:00 | 55 |
| 6 | Tim Celen | Belgium | T2 | 06:23:00 | 03:26:00 |
| 7 | David Vondracek | Czech Republic | T2 | s.t. | s.t. |
| 8 | Stephen Hills | New Zealand | T2 | s.t. | s.t. |
| 9 | Goldy Fuchs | South Africa | T2 | 09:13:00 | 06:16:00 |
| 10 | Quentin Aubague | France | T1 | 01:06:26 | 15:29:00 |
| 11 | Rickard Nilsson | Sweden | T1 | 01:07:34 | 16:37:00 |
| 12 | Jiri Hindr | Czech Republic | T1 | 01:07:38 | 16:41:00 |
# Cynosa

Cynosa is a genus of spiders in the family Lycosidae. It was first described in 1933 by Caporiacco. As of 2017, it contains only one species, Cynosa agedabiae, found in North Africa.
# Cystiscus maskelynensis

Cystiscus maskelynensis is a species of very small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Cystiscidae.

## Description

The size of the shell attains 1.66 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Vanuatu.
# Ka-Boom

Ka-Boom was an Italian children's programming block. It was aimed at children between the ages of 8 and 14.

## History

After period of experimental services started 3 July 2013, Ka-Boom was launched on 23 September 2013.

## Availability

It was available free to air on digital terrestrial television multiplex Tivuitalia.

## Programming
### Animated series

* Boys Be...
* Ceres, Celestial Legend
* Chi's Sweet Home
* Fresh World Cocomon
* Gin Tama (second season)
* Growing Up With Hello Kitty
* Heroes of the City
* Oh My Goddess!
* Sugarbunnies
* Sugarbunnies: Chocolat!
* X
# Czechoslovakia men's national under-18 ice hockey team

The Czechoslovakia men's national under-18 ice hockey team was the men's under-18 ice hockey team that represented Czechoslovakia at international competitions. It was succeeded by the Czech Republic men's national under-18 ice hockey team in 1993.
The team won a total of 22 medals at the IIHF European Junior Championships, including five gold, nine silver, and eight bronze medals. They finished in 4th place at the unofficial 1967 European U19 Championship.
# Cycling at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's road time trial C1

The Men's time trial C1 road cycling event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics took place on 4 September 2024, at Clichy-sous-Bois, Paris. Ten riders competed in the event.
The C1 classification is for the following cyclists:
C1: severe hemiplegic or diplegic spasticity; severe athetosis or ataxia; bilateral through knee amputation, etc.

## Results

| Rank | Rider | Nationality | Class | Time | Deficit |
| | Ricardo Ten Argiles | Spain | C1 | 20:39.53 | |
| | Michael Teuber | Germany | C1 | 21:18.14 | +0:38.61 |
| | Zbigniew Maciejewski | Poland | C1 | 21:18.94 | +0:39.41 |
| 4 | Pierre Senska | Germany | C1 | 21:58.34 | +1:18.81 |
| 5 | Mohamad Yusof Hafizi Shaharuddin | Malaysia | C1 | 22:27.91 | +1:48.38 |
| 6 | Liang Weicong | China | C1 | 23:01.23 | +2:21.70 |
| 7 | Carlos Alberto Gomes Soares | Brazil | C1 | 23:23.52 | +2:43.99 |
| 8 | Haytam el Amraouy | Morocco | C1 | 23:36.52 | +2:56.99 |
| 9 | Li Zhangyu | China | C1 | 24:50.93 | +4:11.40 |
| 10 | Rodrigo Fernando Lopez | Argentina | C1 | 25:07.69 | +4:28.16 |
Source:
# József Balogh (musician)

József Balogh (born 1956) is a Hungarian clarinetist.
Balogh was a student of Béla Kovács at the Franz Liszt College of Music in Budapest. He is a solo clarinetist in the Budapest Opera and Budapest Radio Symphony Orchestra. He has been the president of the Hungarian Clarinet Society since 1994.

## Discography

* Contrasts - Hungarian Clarinet Music, with various artists. FonTrade, 1990
* Mozart: Clarinet Trio, Clarinet Quartets, with various artists. Naxos, 1994.
* Brahms: Clarinet Trio & Quintet, with Danubius Quartet. Naxos, 1994.
* Beethoven: Chamber Music For Horns, Winds And Strings, with various artists. Naxos, 1995.
* Adagio Beethoven, with various artists. Naxos, 1997.
* Music for the Mozart Effect, with various artists. Spring Hill Music, 1998.
* Mozart Effect: Music for Little Ones, with various artists. Children's Group, 2000.
* Interclarinet, with various artists. Farao Classics, 2007.
# Kacık, Mudurnu

Kacık (also: Kaçık) is a village in the Mudurnu District of Bolu Province in Turkey. Its population is 25 (2021).