OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1863 in architecture

The year 1863 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

## Events

* January 10 – The Metropolitan Railway, London, England, is opened, the world's first underground railway (engineer: John Fowler).
* December 2 – The Statue of Freedom is set on top of the new dome of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.
* date unknown
** The École des Beaux-Arts in Paris becomes independent of the Académie des Beaux-Arts.
** William Burges is declared winner of the competition to design the new Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral, Cork (Church of Ireland), his first major commission.

## Buildings and structures
### Buildings opened

* March 2 – Clapham Junction railway station, London.
* October 18 – Befreiungshalle memorial above Kelheim in Bavaria, designed by Friedrich von Gärtner and completed by Leo von Klenze, is inaugurated.
* October 27 – Leeuwarden railway station in the Netherlands, designed by Charles van Brederode.
* December 13 – Gulen Church, Eivindvik, Norway, designed by Georg Andreas Bull, consecrated by Dean Thomas Erichsen.

### Buildings completed

* Berns Salonger, Stockholm, Sweden.
* Smíchov Synagogue, Prague, Czech Republic.
* Kelham Hall near Newark-on-Trent, England, designed by George Gilbert Scott.

## Awards

* RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Anthony Salvin.
* Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: Emmanuel Brune [fr].

## Births

* April 3 – Henry van de Velde, Belgian painter, architect and interior designer (died 1957)
* May 17 – C. R. Ashbee, English interior designer (died 1942)
* October 21 – Sir George Troup, New Zealand architect, engineer and statesman (died 1941)
* December 16 – Ralph Adams Cram, American architect of academic and ecclesiastical buildings (died 1942)
* W. G. R. Sprague, Australian-born British theatre architect (died 1933)

## Deaths

* June 16 – Ludwig Förster, Austrian religious architect (died 1797)
* September 17 – Charles Robert Cockerell, English architect, archaeologist and writer (born 1788)
* October 9 – Andrew Egan, Irish architect and builder (born c.1810)
* October 28 – William Cubitt, English building and civil engineering contractor and politician (born 1791)
* December 29 – Joseph John Scoles, English Catholic architect (born 1798)
# 1861 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1861 in Scotland.

## Incumbents
### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – James Moncreiff
* Solicitor General for Scotland – Edward Maitland

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General – Lord Colonsay
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Glenalmond

## Events

* 27 February – ironclad warship HMS Black Prince is launched from Robert Napier's yard at Govan on the River Clyde.
* 11 March – the Portpatrick Railway opens to Stranraer Town railway station, providing a connection from Dumfries.
* June – first modern excavation of the Neolithic chambered cairn and passage grave of Maeshowe on Orkney.
* 26 September – golfer Tom Morris, Sr. wins the second Open Championship.
* 23 October – foundation stone of the Royal Museum laid by Prince Albert.
* 25 November – a tenement collapses in the Old Town, Edinburgh killing 35 with 15 survivors.
* Edinburgh Co-operative Building Company begin construction of Stockbridge Colonies, pioneering low-cost flats for artisans.
* One O'Clock Gun first fired from Edinburgh Castle.
* Edinburgh and Glasgow Bible Societies merged to form the National Bible Society of Scotland.
* White Horse whisky first produced by James Logan Mackie of Edinburgh.

## Births

* 11 April – Thomas Jaffrey, actuary (died 1953)
* 17 June – Robina Nicol, New Zealand photographer and suffragist (died 1942)
* 19 June – Douglas Haig, soldier and Field Marshal during World War I (died 1928)
* 9 July – William Burrell, shipowner and art collector (died 1958)
* 12 October – Agnes Jekyll, née Graham, artist, writer on domestic matters and philanthropist (died 1937 in England)
* 24 December – John Macdonald, sportsman and physician (died 1938)

## Deaths

* 8 April – John Bartholomew, Sr., cartographer (born 1805)
* 4 October – Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton (born 1812 in Sicily)
* 13 November – John Forbes, physician to Queen Victoria (1841–1861) (born 1787)
# Eatwell

Eatwell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Brian Eatwell (1939–2007), British art director
* John Eatwell, Baron Eatwell, (born 1945), British economist
* Piu Eatwell (born 1970), British-Indian author
* Roger Eatwell, British academic
* Luke Eatwell, English professional wrestler better known by the ring name Zack Sabre Jr.
# Eattupara

Eattupara is a small village in the Western Ghats of Himalayas, in the Kannur district of Kerala State in India. It is a pilgrim centre of St. Alphonsa in northern Kerala. The anniversary of Saint Alphonsa's death, which falls on 28 July, is an important day for the devotees. Eattupara and its surrounds are hilly areas and have a lot of vegetation.
# Competitive Cyclist Racing Team

Competitive Cyclist Racing Team (UCI team code: RCC) was a professional road bicycle racing team based in the United States. The title sponsor, CompetitiveCyclist.com, is an online retailer specializing in premium cycling goods. The team merged with Kenda-5 Hour Energy at the end of 2012.

## Major wins
### 2011

    Pro, Age 1–24 San Dimas, Cole House
    Overall Redlands Bicycle Classic, Francisco Mancebo
       Stage 1, Cole House
       Stages 2 & 3, Francisco Mancebo
    Overall Tour of the Gila, Francisco Mancebo
       Stages 1 & 2, Francisco Mancebo
    Overall Cascade Cycling Classic, Francisco Mancebo
       Stages 1 & 3, Cesar Grajales
       Stage 2, Francisco Mancebo

### 2012

    Stage 1 Rutas de América, Michael Olheiser
    Stage 3 Vuelta Mexico Telmex, Thomas Rabou
    Tour of the Battenkill, Francisco Mancebo
    Stage 1 Tour de Beauce, Francisco Mancebo

## 2012 team

As of February 8, 2012.
| | Rider | Date of birth |
| Chad Beyer (USA) | Chad Beyer (USA) | (1986-08-15)August 15, 1986 (aged 25) |
| Ian Burnett (USA) | Ian Burnett (USA) | (1986-12-09)December 9, 1986 (aged 25) |
| Cesar Grajales (COL) | Cesar Grajales (COL) | (1973-06-05)June 5, 1973 (aged 38) |
| Phil Grenfell (AUS) | Phil Grenfell (AUS) | (1989-04-07)April 7, 1989 (aged 22) |
| Cole House (USA) | Cole House (USA) | (1988-02-05)February 5, 1988 (aged 24) |
| Max Jenkins (USA) | Max Jenkins (USA) | (1985-01-18)January 18, 1985 (aged 27) |
| Nathan King (USA) | Nathan King (USA) | (1987-09-03)September 3, 1987 (aged 24) |
| | Rider | Date of birth |
| Francisco Mancebo (ESP) | Francisco Mancebo (ESP) | (1976-03-09)March 9, 1976 (aged 35) |
| Tommy Nankervis (AUS) | Tommy Nankervis (AUS) | (1983-01-21)January 21, 1983 (aged 29) |
| Michael Olheiser (USA) | Michael Olheiser (USA) | (1975-01-23)January 23, 1975 (aged 37) |
| Thomas Rabou (NLD) | Thomas Rabou (NLD) | (1983-12-12)December 12, 1983 (aged 28) |
| Taylor Sheldon (USA) | Taylor Sheldon (USA) | (1987-03-31)March 31, 1987 (aged 24) |
| David Williams (USA) | David Williams (USA) | (1988-06-19)June 19, 1988 (aged 23) |
# John Jones (physician, died 1709)

John Jones (1644 or 1645 – 22 August 1709) was a Welsh cleric, inventor and physician.

## Life

Jones, whose family was from Pentyrch, Glamorgan, was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, where he matriculated on 28 June 1662. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1666, with further degrees of Master of Arts in 1670, Bachelor of Civil Law in 1673 and Doctor of Civil Law in 1677. He was a Fellow of the college from 1667 to 1668. He became a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians in 1677, obtaining a licence from Oxford University in the following year to practise medicine and working thereafter in Windsor, Berkshire. He was appointed chancellor of Llandaff Cathedral in 1686, but the then Bishop of Llandaff, William Beaw, disputed the appointment and Jones was not able to take up his position until 1691.
His works included a treatise, in Latin, on fevers (De febribus intermittentibus) (1683), and The Mysteries of Opium Revealed (1700), which was described by one commentator as "extraordinary and perfectly unintelligible". He also invented a clock which Robert Plot described as being "moved by the air, equally expressed out of bellows of a cylindrical form, falling into folds in its descent, much after the manner of paper lanterns."
After his death, on 22 August 1709, he was buried near the west door of Llandaff Cathedral.
# Conny Schmalfuss

Conny Schmalfuss (born 29 October 1975 in Schwedt, Brandenburg) is a female diver from Germany, who won her first international medal (a bronze) at the 1991 European Championships in Athens, Greece in the women's 1 m springboard.
Schmalfuss competed for Germany in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was affiliated with the Berliner Turn- und Sportclub in Berlin, and formed a pair in the synchro event with Ditte Kotzian.
# Concordia sulla Secchia

Concordia sulla Secchia (Concordiese: Cuncordia) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Modena.
Concordia sulla Secchia borders the following municipalities: Mirandola, Moglia, Novi di Modena, Quistello, San Giacomo delle Segnate, San Giovanni del Dosso, San Possidonio.

## History

Concordia was part of the fiefs of the Pico della Mirandola family starting from 1311, when Francesco I Pico had a mill built here near the Secchia river. In 1704 the town was besieged and set to fire by French troops in the course of the War of Spanish Succession.
In 1711, the duke of Modena (House of Este) acquired the states of the Pico della Mirandola, including, among others, the duchy of Mirandola, the marquisate of La Concordia and the lordship of San Martino in Spino.
Concordia has been heavily damaged by an earthquake on 29 May 2012. The event has partially destroyed the church, the town hall and all the historical buildings in the town center.
# Confusing poison frog

The confusing poison frog (Epipedobates maculatus) is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae endemic to Panama. It is only known from its type locality, "Chiriqui" (which at the time of the description included both Atlantic and Pacific versants of western Panama).
Its natural habitat is unknown but might be forest. It is threatened by habitat loss and may already be extinct given the level of deforestation within the region of collection.
# Computational transportation science

Computational Transportation Science (CTS) is an emerging discipline that combines computer science and engineering with the modeling, planning, and economic aspects of transport. The discipline studies how to improve the safety, mobility, and sustainability of the transport system by taking advantage of information technologies and ubiquitous computing. A list of subjects encompassed by CTS can be found at include.
Computational Transportation Science is an emerging discipline going beyond vehicular technology, addressing pedestrian systems on hand-held devices but also issues such as transport data mining (or movement analysis), as well as data management aspects. CTS allows for an increasing flexibility of the system as local and autonomous negotiations between transport peers, partners and supporting infrastructure are allowed. Thus, CTS provides means to study localized computing, self-organization, cooperation and simulation of transport systems.
Several academic conferences on CTS have been held up to date:
* The Fourth ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science
* The Third ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science
* Dagstuhl Seminar 10121 on Computational Transportation Science
* The Second International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science
* The First International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science
There is also an IGERT PHD program on Computational Transportation Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
# John Nichols (journalist)

John Harrison Nichols (born February 3, 1959) is a liberal and progressive American journalist and author. He is the National Affairs correspondent for The Nation and associate editor of The Capital Times. Books authored or co-authored by Nichols include The Genius of Impeachment and The Death and Life of American Journalism.

## Personal life

Nichols grew up in Union Grove, Wisconsin. He lives in Madison, Wisconsin with his wife Mary Bottari, who is the chief of staff for the city of Madison.

## Journalism

Nichols holds a master's degree from Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin–Parkside. He used to be the national correspondent for newspapers in Toledo and Pittsburgh. He lives in Madison and works as an editor for The Capital Times. Nichols is Washington correspondent for The Nation and writes "The Beat" blog for the magazine. He is a regular contributor to In These Times and The Progressive. He appears in the documentary films Outfoxed, Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election, Orwell Rolls in His Grave, and Call It Democracy. Nichols is co-founder, with Robert McChesney and Josh Silver, of Free Press.
Nichols is a regular radio and TV guest of many liberal and progressive talk shows, including The Ed Show with Ed Schultz on MSNBC, Up with Chris Hayes on MSNBC, The Drive Home with Sly on The Big Oldies WEKZ 93.7 (Monroe, WI), Thom Hartmann, and Jon Wiener on KPFK in Los Angeles.
# Conradin Bible

The Conradin Bible is an illuminated manuscript likely produced in central or southern Italy around 1265. It is usually associated with its namesake, Conradin, king of Sicily (1254–68). It was originally a large codex illustrated with 57 miniatures and numerous historiated and illuminated initials in a High Romanesque style with Byzantine influences. It was cut up and dispersed for centuries, but most of it—164 folios and some fragments—has been reassembled and is now MS W. 152 in the collection of the Walters Art Gallery in Baltimore.
In 1966, Roberto Longhi proposed that the illustrator of the Conradin Bible was Oderisi da Gubbio.
# Condarco

Condarco is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gonzalo Condarco, Bolivian sculptor
* José Antonio Álvarez Condarco (1780–1855), Argentinian soldier
# John Perkins

John Perkins may refer to:
* John Perkins (Australian politician) (1878–1954), Australian politician
* John Perkins (author) (born 1945), American author of Confessions of an Economic Hit Man
* John Perkins (rugby union) (born 1954), Wales international rugby union player
* John Perkins Jr. (1819–1885), American politician, son of John Perkins Sr.
* John Perkins Sr. (1781–1866), American judge and planter
* John Perkins (physician) (1698–1781), American physician and essayist
* John M. Perkins (born 1930), American civil rights activist, American Christian minister, author
* Johnny Perkins (1953–2007), American football receiver with the New York Giants
* John Perkins (Royal Navy officer) (fl. 1775–1812), Captain, Napoleonic War
* John Alanson Perkins (1914–1982), American academic administrator and government official
* John Frederick Perkins (1910–1983), English entomologist
* John Perkins (academic) (born 1950), British academic, engineering scientist and government adviser
* John Astin Perkins (1907–1999), interior designer and architect
* John Perkins (cricketer) (1837–1901), English cricketer
# John Lambe (priest)

John Lambe (b London 30 December 1649; d Ely 10 August 1708) was an Anglican Dean at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th.
Lambe was educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He was Rector of Wheathampstead from 1673 and Dean of Ely from 1693, holding both positions until his death. He was also a Chaplain to William III of England
# John Ormond (farmer)

Sir John Davies Wilder Ormond BEM JP (8 September 1905 – 8 March 1995) was a businessman and farmer from New Zealand.

## Early life and family

Born at Waipukurau, New Zealand, Ormond was the son of John Davies Ormond Jr and Emilie Mary Gladys Wilder. He was educated at Christ's College, New Zealand. His sports were tennis and rugby. He married Judith Wall on 26 August 1939. They had four sons and one daughter.
He was the grandson of John Davies Ormond and brother-in-law of the politician Sir Hugh John Dyke Acland. His great uncle was Edward John Eyre, former governor of Jamaica. His cousin is the headmistress, Ormond Felicity Lusk.

## Political career

He started out with a large sheep and cattle run. Later he was elected to the Waipukurau Branch of the New Zealand Farmers' Union (1927–1930).
During the 1930s he "...was a leading proponent of the New Zealand Legion..." a radical, right-wing party, but when this proved ineffective he stood in the 1935 election, in the Waipawa electorate as an Independent Reformer. He split the right vote, taking support from the official United/Reform Coalition candidate, Albert Jull. The Democrats also had a candidate, which further contributed to vote splitting on the right, and the electorate went to the Labour candidate, Max Christie.
In the 1938 election, he contested the Napier electorate for the National Party, but was beaten by the incumbent, Labour's Bill Barnard.
In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.

## Wartime service

During World War II, he served in Greece, and received the British Empire Medal for diving off a troopship attempting to rescue a drowning man. Wounded in action he was invalided back to New Zealand, where he served as instructor and rose to the rank of army captain.

## Postwar career

After the war, he saw the need for New Zealand to ship products abroad. He was the longtime chairman of the New Zealand Meat Producers Board, beginning in 1951. Later in life he organised the Shipping Corporation of New Zealand. He was its chairman until September 1979.
In his later life, Ormond retired to his cattle and sheep run. In the 1964 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Knight Bachelor, in recognition of his role as chairman of the Meat Producers Board. In 1977, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal. The Sir John Ormond Fellowship is named in his honour.
# Conesa Department

Conesa is a department of the province of Río Negro (Argentina).
# John Paterson (architect)

John Paterson (died 1832) was a Scottish architect who trained with Robert Adam (1728–1792) whom he assisted with his work on Edinburgh University Old College and Seton House Castle.

## Life

He was the second son of George Paterson (d. 1789) an Edinburgh architect and builder linked to Robert Mylne and living on St John Street in the Canongate in a building he had built with Francis Charteris, Earl of Wemyss and March and thereafter shared. Its site is remembered in the building Charteris Land, a modern building which replaced it. The family also owned a small estate at Monimail in Fife called Cunnochie. The estate passed to the oldest son (also George Paterson) on the death of the father.
John lived on St John Street until 1784 and then moved to Elgin to work with Sir James Grant.
He returned to Edinburgh in 1789 to oversee the building of Old College for Robert Adam. His business connection to Adam ended in 1791, whereafter he opened an office at 2 North Bridge. In 1820 he apprenticed Anthony Salvin.
The original concept for a road on the line of what is now Waterloo Place in Edinburgh was mooted by Paterson as early as 1790.
Just before death he is listed as living at 24 Buccleuch Place in Edinburgh's south side, just south of George Square.

## Principal works

* Monzie Castle, 1785–1790
* Sundrum Castle, 1792.
* Dundee Royal Infirmary, 1794
* The Bridewell Prison, Duke Street, Glasgow, 1795
* Longforgan Parish Church, 1795 (incorporating older tower)
* Eglinton Castle, 1798
* Barmoor Castle, c. 1801
* Pinkie House, 1800
* St Paul's Church, Perth, 1807
* Barmoor Castle, Northumberland, 1801
* Canaan Lodge, Edinburgh (as his own home), 1802 (demolished 1988 to build the Royal Blind School)
* Harviestoun Castle near Dollar, 1804 for Crauford Tait (demolished 1971)
* Leith Bank, Bernard Street, Leith, 1804
* Magdalen Asylum, Canongate, Edinburgh, 1805 (demolished)
* Winton House, 1805
* Milbourne Hall, 1807
* Seafield Baths, Leith, 1810
* Stonehaven Sheriff Court, 1810
* Kinghorn Manse, 1816
* Brancepeth Castle County Durham, 1818-21
# John Scott (engraver)

John Scott (1774–1827) was an English engraver, known for his work on topics showing animals.

## Life

He was born on 12 March 1774 at Newcastle-on-Tyne, where his father, John Scott, worked in a brewery. At the age of twelve he was apprenticed to a tallow-chandler; but at the end of his articles went to London, where his fellow-townsman Robert Pollard gave him two years' instruction, at the same time paying him.
On leaving Pollard, Scott obtained employment from John Wheble, the proprietor of the Sporting Magazine, and for many years executed the portraits of racehorses published there. He became known among English animal engravers.
Scott worked until 1821, when a stroke of paralysis practically terminated his career; during the last years of his life he was assisted by the Artists' Benevolent Fund, of which he had been one of the originators. Scott died at his residence in Chelsea, London, on 24 December 1827. He left a widow, and several daughters; one son, John R. Scott, also became an engraver, and executed some plates for the Sporting Magazine.
A portrait of Scott, drawn by John Jackson R.A. in 1823, was engraved by William Thomas Fry and published in 1826. A crayon portrait by his son went to the print-room of the British Museum.

## Works

Scott's works included:
* William Barker Daniel's British Rural Sports, 1801, many of the plates in which were both designed and engraved by him;
* Sportsman's Cabinet, a correct delineation of the Canine Race, 1804;
* History and Delineation of the Horse, 1809; and
* Sportsman's Repository, comprising a series of engravings representing the horse and the dog in all their varieties, from paintings by Marshall, Reinagle, Gilpin, Stubbs, and Cooper, 1820, which made Scott famous.
A pair of large plates, Breaking Cover, after Philip Reinagle, and Death of the Fox, after Sawrey Gilpin, issued in 1811, are regarded as his masterpieces. Scott also did much work for publications of a different kind, such as Henry Tresham and William Young Ottley's British Gallery, Ottley's Stafford Gallery, John Britton's Fine Arts of the English School, James Hakewill's Tour of Italy, and Peter Coxe's Social Day.
# John Scott (footballer, born 1890)

John George Scott was an English professional footballer who played as an outside left in the Football League for Grimsby Town and Newcastle United.

## Personal life

Scott served in the British Army during the First World War.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Newcastle United | 1910–11 | First Division | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Newcastle United | 1911–12 | First Division | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| Newcastle United | 1912–13 | First Division | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Newcastle United | Total | Total | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 |
| Grimsby Town | 1914–15 | Second Division | 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 18 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 25 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 2 |