OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Electrical and Mechanical Services Department

The Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD; Chinese: 機電工程署) is a Hong Kong government department responsible for inspection and enforcement of operation and safety of many electricity and gas installations; railways and trams; lifts and escalators; amusement rides; working platforms on building sites, and many other diverse areas. The department has two main branches: Regulatory Services and Trading Services. The department falls under the purview of the Development Bureau. The incumbent Director of Electrical and Mechanical Services is Pang Yiu-hung. The two deputy directors are H. C. Lai and T. H. Tai.

## Regulatory Services

* Railways Branch: In February 2008, the department absorbed and expanded the small Hong Kong Railway Inspectorate (HKRI) from the Transport and Housing Bureau (THB), renaming it the Railways Branch. The Railways Branch has regulatory responsibility for the railway lines operated by the MTR Corporation and the automated people mover operated by the Airport Authority in the terminal building of the Hong Kong International Airport, as well as (since the move from THB) Hong Kong Tramways and the Peak Tram. The former HKRI had been responsible for the railway lines operated by the then Kowloon–Canton Railway Corporation. Its main functions are investigation of railway incidents, oversight of railway safety, assessment and approval of new railways and major modifications, and assessment and follow-up of improvement measures by railway operators. The unit consists of 14 professional and support staff.
* Electricity and Energy Efficiency Branch
* Gas & General Legislation Branch

## Trading Services

There are three branches under the Trading Services and each branch is led by an assistant director.
* Engineering Services Branch 1
* Engineering Branch 2
** General Engineering Services Division
** Municipal Sector Division
** Health Sector Division
* Corporate Support and Business Development Branch

## Innovation and Development

In 2018, EMSD up an Interactive Learning Center in 4/F, EMSD HQ. The learning center has introduced the latest VR (Virtual reality) Learning systems for Electrical and Mechanical industry including the first LED Immersive CAVE in Hong Kong by combining the technologies of immersive VR and BIM (Building information modeling) and the VR training system for Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Passenger Boarding Bridges.
# Anti-sp100 antibodies

Anti-sp100 antibodies are found in association with primary biliary cirrhosis. The autoimmune target of anti-sp100 is the sp100 nuclear antigen which was identified by its association with primary biliary cirrhosis. 20-30% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have sp100 Abs. The sera of these patients exhibit a characteristic "nuclear dots" pattern in indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on Hep-2 cells.

## Immunodominant regions of sp100

* Antigenic region 1 - positions 296-311 - Sequence (I K K E K P F S N S K V E C Q A)
* Antigenic region 2 - positions 332-351 - Sequence (E G S T D V D E P L E V F I S A P R S E)
(Bolded areas represent the core epitope.)
# Anthony (character)

Anthony is a Raj comics character. The character and the plot is inspired by The Crow, created by James O'Barr.

## Origin

Anthony was a great singer and his album "Crow Sangeet" (Crow Music) became very popular all over the world. He was murdered by jealousy and later resurrected by nature itself. Now he is undead and as long as his soul is out of his body, his corpse lies motionless, but his corpse was possessed several times by numerous enemies including Count Dracula.

## Plot summary

The late Anthony Gonsalvez, a young music enthusiast, composed an original album entitled "Crow Music". This album became very popular, much to the dismay of his competitors. He was tortured to death by his rivals. He is fondly remembered by his wife Julia and daughter Maria and his pet crow Prince still sits on his tombstone to mourn his death.
Whenever innocent people are subjected to injustice, Prince cries out, loud and shrill, in the graveyard. The air trembles, the clouds thunder, lightning flashes, and the dead man Anthony rises out of his grave to render the justice.

## Powers and abilities

Anthony can make use of cold fire, also called as hellfire, as a lethal weapon against his enemies. Though he cannot be hurt in any possible human way, after his death he became hydrophobic. On his second resurrection, this limit of his was removed. Anthony regenerates each time after he kills his enemy, and until then his corpse remains mutilated. He has superhuman strength as of Shakti, Nagraj and other superhumans of the Raj Comics universe. Psychic powers like telepathy do not affect him at all. He can teleport at any place on his wish.

## Family, friends and allies

* Julie (wife)
* Maria (daughter)
* Prince Crow
* Inspector/DCP Itihaas
* Venu AKA Saza
* John (Maria's husband)

## Enemies

* Bhanja
* Bhairav Nath
* Prof. Jaandaal
* khuler baba
* Gajanan
* baban
* lashkhor
* Obo
* pisaach
* Jeevan data
* koyla
* kala doctor
* Murda supari
* Kaga
* Dr Bharati
* Yamraj
* Justice kaal
* Death stone
* Vulture gang
* operator
* Deadly
* Dyne
* Dozer gang
# Anthony (disambiguation)

Anthony is a common male given name.
Anthony may also refer to:

## Awards

* Anthony Awards, literary awards
* Tony Awards, theatre awards

## Locations
### United Kingdom

* Antony, Cornwall (usage varies)

### United States

* Anthony, Florida
* Anthony, Indiana
* Anthony, Kansas
* Anthony, New Jersey
* Anthony, New Mexico, neighboring Anthony, Texas
* Anthony, Texas, neighboring Anthony, New Mexico

## People

* Anthony (surname)

### Saints and clerics

* St. Anthony the Great, of Egypt, 4th-century founder of Christian monasticism
* St. Anthony the Hermit (Antony of Lerins), 5th-century hermit of Italy and Gaul
* St. Anthony of Kiev, founder of Russian monasticism
* St. Anthony of Padua, considered the greatest miracle worker of the thirteenth century, also known as Anthony of Lisbon
* St. Antoninus of Florence, archbishop of Florence

### Monarchs

* Anthony I of Portugal, (known commonly as António, Prior of Crato, 1531–1595), disputed King of Portugal and the Algarves
* Antoine of Navarre (also known as Anthony of Navarre, 1518–1562), King of Navarre and Duke of Bourbon
* Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (1489–1544)
* Anton of Saxony (also known as Anthony of Saxony, 1755–1836)), King of Saxony

### Other

* Anthony (film editor) (born 1973), Indian film editor
* Anthony (writer) (born 1984), Chinese author

### Fictional characters

* Anthony (comics), Indian comic book character
* Anthony (Encantadia), fictional character in Encantadia
* Anthony (The Father), a dementia patient in the movie The Father
# 130th IOC Session

The 130th IOC Session took place on 11 July 2017 at the SwissTech Convention Centre in Lausanne.

## Host city elections

The session authorised the IOC Executive Board to conclude an agreement with Los Angeles and Paris and their respective NOCs for the simultaneous election of the host cities of the Olympic Games 2024 and 2028 during the 131st IOC Session in Lima later in 2017.
# Elementary definition

In mathematical logic, an elementary definition is a definition that can be made using only finitary first-order logic, and in particular without reference to set theory or using extensions such as plural quantification. Elementary definitions are of particular interest because they admit a complete proof apparatus while still being expressive enough to support most everyday mathematics (via the addition of elementarily-expressible axioms such as Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZFC)).
Saying that a definition is elementary is a weaker condition than saying it is algebraic.

## Related

* Elementary theory
# 1676 in music

The year 1676 in music involved some significant events.

## Events

* Construction of the Teatro San Angelo in Venice is completed.
* Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni arrives in Rieti.

## Publications

* Thomas Mace – Musick's Monument

## Classical music

* Johann Jakob Walther – Scherzi da Violino solo con il basso continuo
* Isabella Leonarda – Motetti a voce sola, Op.6
* Johann Christoph Bach – Meine Freundin, du bist schön
* Dietrich Buxtehude – Jesu dulcis memoria, BuxWV 56
* Nicola Matteis – Ayres for the Violin, Books 1 and 2 (Containing Diverse bizzarie sopra la vecchia sarabanda o pur ciaccona)
* Giovanni Legrenzi – Cantate e canzonette, Op.12
* Johann Caspar Kerll
** Canzona in C major
** Ciacona in C major
* Marc-Antoine Charpentier – Circé, H.496
* Nicolas Lebègue – Livre d'orgue No.1
* Esaias Reusner – Neue Lauten-Früchte
* Alessandro Stradella – S. Giovanni Battista, G.3.3
* Heinrich Biber – Sonatae tam aris quam aulis servientes
* Johann Philipp Krieger – Passacaglia in D minor
* Giovanni Battista Bassani – La Tromba della Divina misericordia

## Opera

* Jean-Baptiste Lully
** Atys
** Isis
* Antonio Sartorio – Giulio Cesare in Egitto

## Births

* January 19 – John Weldon, musician (died 1736)
* February 4 – Giacomo Facco, violinist, conductor and composer (died 1753)
* April 4 – Giuseppe Maria Orlandini, opera composer (died 1760)
* May 23 – Johann Bernhard Bach, composer, cousin of Johann Sebastian Bach (died 1749)

## Deaths

* January 14 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (born 1602)
* June 7 – Paul Gerhardt, Germany's best-known hymn-writer (born 1606)
* October 6 – Claudia Rusca, singer, composer and organist (born 1593)
* October 10 – Sebastian Knüpfer, composer (born 1633)
# 1974–75 Southern Hockey League season

The 1974–75 Southern Hockey League season was the second season of the Southern Hockey League. On July 31, 1975, Jack Riley was announced as the new commissioner of the SHL, taking over for interim leader Gene Hawthorne, of the Roanoke Valley Rebels. The four existing teams returned from the previous season, joined by a fifth expansion team from Fayetteville, North Carolina. The new team was named after the Fayetteville Arsenal, and was scheduled to play at the Cumberland County Memorial Arena. In October 1974, owner Bill Raue moved the team, to Hampton, Virginia before playing any games, when availability of home ice dates became a problem. The new Hampton Gulls moved into the Hampton Coliseum recently vacated by the Virginia Wings of the American Hockey League. The five teams played a complete schedule of 72 games, with the Charlotte Checkers winning the regular season, and the playoffs.

## Standings

Final standings of the regular season.
| | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | Pts |
| Charlotte Checkers | 72 | 50 | 21 | 1 | 370 | 256 | 101 |
| Hampton Gulls | 72 | 43 | 28 | 1 | 323 | 262 | 87 |
| Winston-Salem Polar Twins | 72 | 32 | 40 | 0 | 300 | 345 | 64 |
| Roanoke Valley Rebels | 72 | 29 | 41 | 2 | 296 | 304 | 60 |
| Greensboro Generals | 72 | 23 | 47 | 2 | 262 | 384 | 48 |

## WHA/NHL affiliations

Southern Hockey League franchises were primarily affiliated with World Hockey Association teams, however some also had agreements with National Hockey League teams. Summary of WHA/NHL affiliation agreements:
| SHL team | WHA parent clubs | NHL parent clubs |
| Charlotte Checkers | Vancouver Blazers | Buffalo Sabres California Golden Seals |
| Greensboro Generals | Michigan Stags/Baltimore Blades | New York Islanders |
| Hampton Gulls | Cincinnati Stingers | none |
| Roanoke Valley Rebels | Houston Aeros Winnipeg Jets | none |
| Winston-Salem Polar Twins | none | New York Rangers Detroit Red Wings |

## Scoring leaders

Top 10 SHL points scoring leaders.
| Rank | Player | Team | Goals | Assists | Points |
| 1 | Steve Hull | Charlotte | 39 | 75 | 114 |
| 2 | Claude Chartre | Hampton | 33 | 79 | 112 |
| 3 | Andre Deschamps | Charlotte | 59 | 42 | 101 |
| 4 | Lorne Rombough | Hampton | 56 | 43 | 99 |
| 5 | Ken Gassoff | Winston-Salem | 31 | 55 | 86 |
| 6 | Wayne Zuk | Greensboro | 35 | 49 | 84 |
| 7 | Camille LaPierre | Roanoke Valley | 35 | 45 | 80 |
| 7 | Wally Olds | Hampton | 19 | 61 | 80 |
| 9 | Bobby Guindon | Roanoke Valley | 40 | 38 | 78 |
| 10 | Jamie Kennedy | Winston-Salem | 37 | 40 | 77 |

## Playoffs

James Crockett Cup playoffs.
| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Charlotte Checkers | 4 | | | |
| 4 | Roanoke Valley Rebels | 0 | | | |
| 4 | Roanoke Valley Rebels | 0 | 1 | Charlotte Checkers | 4 |
| | | | 2 | Hampton Gulls | 2 |
| 2 | Hampton Gulls | ? | 2 | Hampton Gulls | 2 |
| 3 | Winston-Salem Polar Twins | ? | | | |
# Anthidium paroselae

Anthidium paroselae is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees.

## Distribution

Middle America and North America
# Anthidium peruvianum

Anthidium peruvianum is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees.

## Distribution

* Chile
* Peru
# Anthidium politum

Anthidium politum is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees.
# 1978 European Athletics Championships – Men's 1500 metres

These are the official results of the Men's 1,500 metres event at the 1978 European Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia. The final was held on 3 September 1978.

## Medalists

| Gold | Steve Ovett Great Britain |
| Silver | Eamonn Coghlan Ireland |
| Bronze | David Moorcroft Great Britain |

## Results
### Final

3 September
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Steve Ovett | Great Britain | 3:35.59 | CR |
| | Eamonn Coghlan | Ireland | 3:36.57 | |
| | David Moorcroft | Great Britain | 3:36.70 | |
| 4 | Thomas Wessinghage | West Germany | 3:37.19 | |
| 5 | Antti Loikkanen | Finland | 3:37.54 | |
| 6 | José Marajo | France | 3:38.20 | |
| 7 | Jürgen Straub | East Germany | 3:38.88 | |
| 8 | John Robson | Great Britain | 3:39.6 | |
| 9 | Olaf Beyer | East Germany | 3:39.7 | |
| 10 | Francis Gonzalez | France | 3:40.1 | |
| 11 | Rolf Gysin | Switzerland | 3:41.0 | |
| 12 | Jozef Plachý | Czechoslovakia | 3:42.2 | |

## Heats

1 September

### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Eamonn Coghlan | Ireland | 3:39.98 | Q |
| 2 | David Moorcroft | Great Britain | 3:40.0 | Q |
| 3 | Olaf Beyer | East Germany | 3:40.1 | Q |
| 4 | Thomas Wessinghage | West Germany | 3:40.1 | q |
| 5 | José Marajo | France | 3:40.6 | q |
| 6 | Valeriy Abramov | Soviet Union | 3:40.9 | |
| 7 | Bernhard Vifian | Switzerland | 3:42.5 | |
| 8 | Robert Nemeth | Austria | 3:44.1 | |
| 9 | Ari Paunonen | Finland | 3:45.0 | |
| 10 | José Manuel Abascal | Spain | 3:47.6 | |
| 11 | Marcel Pierrard | Luxembourg | 3:52.8 | |
| | Klaas Lok | Netherlands | DNF | |

### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Steve Ovett | Great Britain | 3:42.94 | Q |
| 2 | Jürgen Straub | East Germany | 3:43.1 | Q |
| 3 | Rolf Gysin | Switzerland | 3:43.2 | Q |
| 4 | Marc Nevens | Belgium | 3:43.2 | |
| 5 | Ray Flynn | Ireland | 3:44.1 | |
| 6 | Dietmar Millonig | Austria | 3:44.8 | |
| 7 | Vladimir Sheronov | Soviet Union | 3:45.1 | |
| 8 | Günther Hasler | Liechtenstein | 3:46.7 | |
| 9 | Philippe Dien | France | 3:47.4 | |
| 10 | Björn Nilsson | Sweden | 3:47.9 | |
| 11 | Jón Didriksson | Iceland | 3:48.1 | |

### Heat 3

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Antti Loikkanen | Finland | 3:39.66 | Q |
| 2 | John Robson | Great Britain | 3:40.0 | Q |
| 3 | Francis Gonzalez | France | 3:40.4 | Q |
| 4 | Jozef Plachý | Czechoslovakia | 3:40.6 | q |
| 5 | Pierre Délèze | Switzerland | 3:40.7 | |
| 6 | Günther Ruth | East Germany | 3:41.4 | |
| 7 | Lars Ericsson | Sweden | 3:42.5 | |
| 8 | Valeriy Toropov | Soviet Union | 3:45.1 | |
| 9 | Sermet Timurlenk | Turkey | 3:45.8 | |
| 10 | Fotios Kourtis | Greece | 3:45.9 | |
| | Karl Fleschen | West Germany | DNF | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 34 athletes from 19 countries participated in the event.
* Austria (2)
* Belgium (1)
* Czechoslovakia (1)
* East Germany (3)
* Finland (2)
* France (3)
* Greece (1)
* Iceland (1)
* Ireland (2)
* Liechtenstein (1)
* Luxembourg (1)
* Netherlands (1)
* Soviet Union (3)
* Spain (1)
* Sweden (2)
* Switzerland (3)
* Turkey (1)
* Great Britain (3)
* West Germany (2)
# Elijah Martindale

Elijah Martindale (November 10, 1793 – July 21, 1874) was an American pioneer and a leader of the Restoration Movement in Indiana. He was often called "Elder Elijah Martindale".

## Biography

Martindale was born in Laurens County, South Carolina. He moved with his family to Warren County, Ohio in 1801 where they established a farm outside Waynesville, Ohio. The family lived there self-sufficiently, making their own clothes and raising their own food. In 1811, Martindale's father was determined to move again, and he resettled the family to Whitewater Valley, Indiana Territory, on a brook now called Martindale Creek. The family constructed a cabin in October and cleared 10 acres (40,000 m$^2$) by the following spring. During the aftermath of the Battle of Tippecanoe and the War of 1812, the neighboring settlers decided to erect a small fort around the Martindale cabin. Uncomfortable with the rough lifestyle, Martindale's parents decided to move back to Ohio and to wait out the war there before returning to Indiana.
In October, 1815, Martindale married a Wayne County, Indiana, pioneer named Elizabeth Boyd. In the spring of 1832, Martindale moved with his wife to Flat Rock, Indiana, in Henry County. In 1865, they moved to New Castle, Indiana.
Martindale died in New Castle, Indiana, at the age of 80.

### Ministry

In 1820, Martindale preached his first sermon. From then until his death, he preached throughout Henry County, Wayne County, Fayette County, Indiana; Rush County, Indiana, Delaware County, Indiana, Madison County, Indiana, Hancock County, Indiana, and Ohio. He organized Disciples of Christ churches throughout eastern Indiana and Ohio, including Hillsboro, Henry County, Indiana; New Lisbon, Indiana, Middletown, Indiana, Prairie Township, Indiana, Bentonville, Indiana, Plum Creek, Indiana, and Fairview, Indiana.
He is interred at South Mound Cemetery, New Castle, Indiana.

## Personal life

Elijah Martindale was the father of lawyer and businessman James B. Martindale, a founder of the noted legal reference and catalog of lawyers, the Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory.
# 16 Most Requested Songs: Encore!

16 Most Requested Songs: Encore! is a compilation album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released by Columbia Records and Legacy Recordings on May 16, 1995.
The album did not chart in Billboard magazine until after Williams's death in 2012 when it spent its sole week on the Billboard 200 at number 152 in the issue dated October 13 of that year.

## Track listing

* "Butterfly" (Bernie Lowe, Kal Mann) – 2:21
** rec. 1/23/57; Top 100: #1 (3 weeks)
* "Are You Sincere?" (Wayne Walker) – 2:41
** rec. 12/12/57; Billboard Hot 100: #3
* "Lonely Street" (Kenny Sowder, W.S. Stevenson, Carl Belew) – 2:46
** rec. 8/23/59; Billboard Hot 100: #5, Hot R&B Sides: #20
* "The Village of St. Bernadette" (Eula Parker) – 3:22
** rec. 11/19/59; Billboard Hot 100: #7
* "The Sweetest Sounds" from the Broadway musical No Strings (Richard Rodgers) – 2:44
** rec. 1964 for his album The Great Songs from "My Fair Lady" and Other Broadway Hits
* "Charade" from the film Charade (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer) – 2:35
** rec. 11/1/63, rel. 12/16/63; Billboard Hot 100: #100
* "Stranger on the Shore" (Acker Bilk) – 2:50
** rec. 1962 for his album Warm and Willing
* "On the Street Where You Live" from the Broadway musical My Fair Lady (Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe) – 3:12
** rec. 5/7/64, rel. 8/25/64; Billboard Hot 100: #28, Easy Listening: #3
* "Quiet Nights of Quiet Stars (Corcovado)" (Antonio Carlos Jobim, Gene Lees) – 3:00
** rec. 5/18/65 rel. 11/1/65; Billboard Hot 100: #92, Easy Listening: #18
* "Music to Watch Girls By" (Tony Velona, Sid Ramin) – 2:38
** rec. 2/21/67, rel. 3/2/67; Billboard Hot 100: #34, Easy Listening: #2
* "In the Arms of Love" from the film What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? (Henry Mancini, Jay Livingston, Ray Evans) – 2:56
** rec. 6/23/66, rel. 7/8/66; Billboard Hot 100: #49, Easy Listening: #1 (2 weeks)
* "Michelle" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 3:25
** rec. 1966 for his album The Shadow of Your Smile
* "(Where Do I Begin?) Love Story" from the film Love Story (Francis Lai, Carl Sigman) – 3:10
** rec. 12/17/70, rel. 1/13/71; Billboard Hot 100: #9, Easy Listening: #1 (four weeks)
* "Happy Heart" (Jackie Rae, James Last) – 3:15
** rec. 3/8/69, rel. 3/14/69; Billboard Hot 100: #22, Easy Listening: #1 (two weeks)
* "Music from Across the Way" (James Last, Carl Sigman) – 3:45
** rec. 6/10/71, rel. 12/14/71; Easy Listening: #30
* "Speak Softly Love (Love Theme from 'The Godfather')" from the film The Godfather (Larry Kusik, Nino Rota) – 3:05
** rec. 2/18/72 & 2/24/72, rel. 3/3/72; Billboard Hot 100: #34, Easy Listening: #7
* $^A$ This track was released before Billboard created its Hot 100 chart for tracking song performance.
# 1976 Skate Canada International

The 1976 Skate Canada International was held in Ottawa, Ontario. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and ice dancing.

## Results
### Men

| Rank | Name | Nation |
| 1 | Ron Shaver | Canada |
| 2 | Robin Cousins | United Kingdom |
| 3 | David Santee | United States |
| 4 | | |
| 5 | | |
| 6 | | |
| 7 | | |
| 8 | Vern Taylor | Canada |
| 9 | | |
| 10 | | |
| 11 | Brian Pockar | Canada |

### Ladies

| Rank | Name | Nation |
| 1 | Kim Alletson | Canada |
| 2 | Karena Richardson | United Kingdom |
| 3 | Garnet Ostermeier | West Germany |
| 4 | | |
| 5 | | |
| 6 | Suzie Brasher | United States |
| 7 | | |
| 8 | | |
| 9 | | |
| 10 | | |
| 11 | Carolyn Skoczen | Canada |
| 12 | | |
| 13 | | |
| 14 | Camille Rebus | Canada |

### Ice dancing

| Rank | Name | Nation |
| 1 | Natalia Linichuk / Gennadi Karponosov | Soviet Union |
| 2 | Janet Thompson / Warren Maxwell | United Kingdom |
| 3 | Susan Carscallen / Eric Gillies | Canada |
| 4 | | |
| 5 | | |
| 6 | Lorna Wighton / John Dowding | Canada |
| 7 | | |
| 8 | | |
| 9 | | |
| 10 | Sherry Temple / Marty Fulkerth | Canada |
| 11 | Kelly Johnson / David Martin | Canada |
# Elephantopus

Elephantopus is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae).
The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Several species are native to the southeastern United States, and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.

## Uses

Elephantopus scaber is a traditional medicine and other species, including E. mollis and E. carolinianus, have also been investigated for medicinal properties. Elephantopus scaber contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group.

## Species
### Accepted species

* Elephantopus angolensis O.Hoffm. - Angola
* Elephantopus arenarius Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba
* Elephantopus arenosus Krasch. - Brazil
* Elephantopus biflorus (Less.) Sch.Bip. - Brazil
* Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch.- southeastern + south-central United States; Cuba, Puerto Rico
* Elephantopus dilatatus Gleason - Costa Rica, Panama
* Elephantopus elatus Bertol. - southeastern United States
* Elephantopus elongatus Gardner- Brazil
* Elephantopus hirtiflorus DC. - Brazil, Venezuela
* Elephantopus mendoncae Philipson - Angola
* Elephantopus micropappus Less.- Brazil
* Elephantopus mollis Kunth native to Latin America + West Indies; widely naturalized in tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, various islands
* Elephantopus multisetus O.Hoffm. ex T.Durand & De Wild. - Angola, Zaire, Tanzania
* Elephantopus nudatus A.Gray - southeastern + south-central United States, east Texas to Maryland
* Elephantopus nudicaulis Poir. - Mexico
* Elephantopus palustris Gardner - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
* Elephantopus piauiensis R.Barros & Semir - Brazil
* Elephantopus pratensis C.Wright - Cuba
* Elephantopus racemosus Gardner- Brazil
* Elephantopus riparius Gardner- Brazil
* Elephantopus scaber L.- China, India, southeast Asia, northern Australia; naturalized in Africa, Madagascar, Latin America
* Elephantopus senegalensis (Klatt) Oliv. & Hiern- tropical Africa
* Elephantopus tomentosus L. - southern United States
* Elephantopus vernonioides S. Moore - Africa
* Elephantopus virgatus Desv. ex Ham. - Guyana
* Elephantopus welwitschii Hiern - Africa