OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# IFIL-Reghin RG-4 Pionier

The IFIL-Reghin RG-4 Pionier or CIL Reghin RG-4 Pionier was a Romanian single seat primary glider built in the 1950s. Fifty were produced.

## Design and development

The RG-4 Pionier was a single seat primary glider built in Romania in the 1950s, though very much in the 1930s Zögling tradition with the pilot exposed on a simple beam fuselage under the leading edge of a high wing. This wing was supported over the fuselage beam on a set of N-form, cross braced struts and by a pair of parallel lift struts on each side to the wing at about one third span. The wing, which was wood framed, was mounted with 2.8° of dihedral, had parallel chord and was unswept. There were plain, fabric covered ailerons out to the wing tips.
The RG-4 landed on a fixed monowheel under the wing trailing edge, with a skid that reached from the nose to under mid chord, assisted by a small tailskid. It had a conventional empennage with a parallel chord tailplane and elevators, similar in plan to the wing, mounted in front of the narrow fin, held above the fuselage on a short step and braced from below with a single strut on each side. Despite its forward position the elevators still required an elevator cut-out for rudder movement. As well as carrying the broad, near triangular rudder, the fin also anchored a pair of bracing wires on each side to reduce horizontal flexing of the fuselage beam. One of these ran to the wing underside, the other to the fuselage under the wing.
The RG-4 Pionier was first flown on 1 May 1954. A batch of fifty was produced.

## Specifications

Data from Sailplanes of the World, pp.210-11
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 5.75 m (18 ft 10 in)
* Wingspan: 10.45 m (34 ft 3 in)
* Height: 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)
* Wing area: 14.8 m$^2$ (159 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 7.0
* Airfoil: NACA 60 modified
* Empty weight: 100 kg (220 lb)
* Gross weight: 188 kg (414 lb)
Performance
* Stall speed: 40 km/h (25 mph, 22 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 165 km/h (103 mph, 89 kn) placard, in smooth air
* Rough air speed max: 100 km/h (62 mph; 54 kn)
* Winch launch speed: 90 km/h (56 mph; 49 kn)
* Maximum glide ratio: best 14.5 at 58 km/h (36 mph; 31 kn)
* Rate of sink: 0.90 m/s (177 ft/min) minimum, at 52 km/h (32 mph; 28 kn)
* Wing loading: 12.7 kg/m$^2$ (2.6 lb/sq ft)
# ISO 3166-2:JO

ISO 3166-2:JO is the entry for Jordan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
Currently for Jordan, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 12 governorates.
Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is JO, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Jordan. The second part is two letters.

## Current codes

Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).
Click on the button in the header to sort each column.
| Code | Subdivision name (ar) (BGN/PCGN 1956) | Local variant | Subdivision name (ar) | Subdivision name (en) |
| JO-AJ | ‘Ajlūn | | عجلون | Ajloun |
| JO-AQ | Al ‘Aqabah | Aqaba | العقبة | Aqaba |
| JO-AM | Al ‘A̅şimah | ‘Ammān | العاصمة | Amman |
| JO-BA | Al Balqā’ | | البلقاء | Balqa |
| JO-KA | Al Karak | | الكرك | Karak |
| JO-MA | Al Mafraq | | المفرق | Mafraq |
| JO-AT | Aţ Ţafīlah | | الطفيلة | Tafilah |
| JO-AZ | Az Zarqā’ | | الزرقاء | Zarqa |
| JO-IR | Irbid | | إربد | Irbid |
| JO-JA | Jarash | | جرش | Jerash |
| JO-MN | Ma‘ān | | معان | Ma'an |
| JO-MD | Mādabā | | مادبا | Madaba |

### Notes

* ↑ For reference only, Arabic name in Arabic script not included in the ISO 3166-2 standard.
* ↑ For reference only, English name not included in the ISO 3166-2 standard.

## Changes

The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:
| Newsletter | Date issued | Description of change in newsletter |
| Newsletter II-3 | 2011-12-13 (corrected 2011-12-15) | Alphabetical re-ordering, administrative names precision and evolution and source list update. |
# M15

M15 or M-15 may refer to:

## In science

* Messier 15 (M15), a globular cluster in the constellation Pegasus

## In firearms and military equipment

* M15 mine, a United States anti-tank mine
* M15 rifle, a variant of the M14, a United States military rifle
* Grigorovich M-15, a Russian World War I-era biplane flying boat
* M15 pistol, a General Officer's variant of the M1911A1
* M15 Half-track
* M15/42 tank, an Italian medium tank

## In transportation

* M-15 (Michigan highway), a highway in the lower peninsula of Michigan, US
* M15 motorway (Hungary), a motorway in Hungary
* M15 road (East London), a Metropolitan Route in East London, South Africa
* M15 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa
* M15 road (Pretoria), a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa
* M15 road (Durban), a Metropolitan Route in Durban, South Africa
* M15 road (Bloemfontein), a Metropolitan Route in Bloemfontein, South Africa
* M15 (Port Elizabeth), a Metropolitan Route in Port Elizabeth, South Africa
* The Hunter Expressway in New South Wales, Australia
* M15 motorway (Great Britain), an unbuilt motorway in London
* M15 (New York City bus), a New York City Bus route in Manhattan, US
* Select Bus Service § M15, a New York City Bus route in Manhattan, US
* Noble M15, a British sport car built by Noble Automotive Ltd
* FAA location identifier for James Tucker Airport, a rural airport in Linden, Tennessee, US
* GER Class M15, a class of British 2-4-2T steam locomotive
* WSK-Mielec PZL M-15 Belphegor, a Polish-designed jet-engined agricultural biplane
* M15 fuel mixed with 15% of methanol
* M15 road (Zambia), a road in Zambia

## In sports

* Markku Uusipaavalniemi (nicknamed "M-15"), a Finnish curler

## In computing

* An ergonomic model of IBM's Model M keyboard, produced in the mid-1990s.
# M-spline

In the mathematical subfield of numerical analysis, an M-spline is a non-negative spline function.

## Definition

A family of M-spline functions of order k with n free parameters is defined by a set of knots t$_1$ ≤ t$_2$ ≤ ... ≤ t$_{n+k}$ such that
* t$_1$ = ... = t$_k$
* t$_{n+1}$ = ... = t$_{n+k}$
* t$_i$ < t$_{i+k}$ for all i
The family includes n members indexed by i = 1,...,n.

## Properties

An M-spline M$_i$(x|k, t) has the following mathematical properties
* M$_i$(x|k, t) is non-negative
* M$_i$(x|k, t) is zero unless t$_i$ ≤ x < t$_{i+k}$
* M$_i$(x|k, t) has k − 2 continuous derivatives at interior knots t$_{k+1}$, ..., t$_{n−1}$
* M$_i$(x|k, t) integrates to 1

## Computation

M-splines can be efficiently and stably computed using the following recursions:
For k = 1,
    $M_{i}(x|1,t)={\frac {1}{t_{i+1}-t_{i}}}$
if t$_i$ ≤ x < t$_{i+1}$, and M$_i$(x|1,t) = 0 otherwise.
For k > 1,
    $M_{i}(x|k,t)={\frac {k\left[(x-t_{i})M_{i}(x|k-1,t)+(t_{i+k}-x)M_{i+1}(x|k-1,t)\right]}{(k-1)(t_{i+k}-t_{i})}}.$

## Applications

M-splines can be integrated to produce a family of monotone splines called I-splines. M-splines can also be used directly as basis splines for regression analysis involving positive response data (constraining the regression coefficients to be non-negative).
# I Never Quite Got Back (From Loving You)

"I Never Quite Got Back (From Loving You)" is a song recorded by American country music artist Sylvia. It was released in December 1983 as the third single from the album Snapshot. The song reached #3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Mike Reid and Don Pfrimmer.

## Content

The songs narrator speaks of still being in love with a man who has left her for someone new.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1983–1984) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 3 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 2 |
# M77

M77 or M-77 may refer to:
* M-77 (Michigan highway), a state highway in Michigan
* M77 motorway, a motorway in Scotland
* M-77 pistol, a semi-automatic pistol
* Miles M.77 Sparrowjet, a 1950 twin-engined jet-powered racing aeroplane
* Zastava M77, a Serbian assault rifle
* Ruger M77, a bolt-action rifle
* Messier 77, a spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus
* M-77 Oganj, a Serbian multiple rocket launcher
* Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition, M77 DPICM submunition
# I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon

"I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon" is a short story by American writer Philip K. Dick. The short story was first published in Playboy in December 1980, under the title "Frozen Journey".

## Plot summary

In the story, a man (Victor Kemmings) regains consciousness during a failed attempt at cryosleep on board a spaceship. The ship's artificial intelligence cannot repair the malfunction and cannot wake him, so Kemmings is doomed to remain conscious but paralyzed through the ship's entire ten-year-long journey. To maintain his sanity, the A.I. replays Kemmings's memories to him. But when this goes awry, the ship's A.I. asks Kemmings what he wants most -- and the answer is that Kemming wants the trip to be over and to arrive at his new home. The A.I. constructs such a scenario for Kemming and plays it to him over and over for the next ten years. When the ship finally arrives at its destination, Kemming cannot accept reality and believes his arrival to be yet another construction.
Like most of Philip K. Dick's work, I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon involves a questioning of what it is to be human and of what reality is. The story also has a theme of guilt, as the memories of the passenger are spoiled by the guilt he retains about his past actions.
* This article about a science fiction short story (or stories) published in the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ian Bishop (English cricketer)

Ian Emlyn Bishop (born 26 August 1977) is an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Somerset and Surrey and List A cricket for Devon, Surrey, and the Surrey Cricket Board between 1996 and 2004. He was born in Taunton, Somerset.
A tail-end batsman and a right-arm fast bowler, Bishop played for Somerset's second eleven from 1995 but made only one first-team appearance, the match against the 1996 Pakistan touring team and he failed to take a wicket in that. Bishop left Somerset after a year in the second team in 1997; in 1998 he played Minor Counties cricket for Devon and made his List A debut in the NatWest Trophy match against Yorkshire, without success. In the second half of the 1998 season, he began playing second-team matches for Surrey and in 1999, after appearing in the Surrey Cricket Board side in the first round of the NatWest Trophy one-day competition, he appeared in several Surrey first-team games in the Sunday League, taking four wickets for 34 runs, his best List A figures, in the game against Durham. He was less successful in a handful of first-class matches for the Surrey first team, with best bowling figures of two wickets for 45 runs in the game against Derbyshire. There were a few further List A and first-class matches for Bishop in 2000 but he did not improve on these figures and after a few second-eleven matches in 2001 he left the Surrey staff. He resumed playing Minor Counties cricket with Devon and that brought further List A appearances between 2002 and 2004.
# Ian Campbell (Middlesex cricketer)

Ian Maxwell Campbell (3 October 1870 – 6 March 1954) was an English first-class cricketer active 1900–02 who played for Middlesex and London County. He was born in Kensington; died in Amersham. He served in the Territorial Force from 1894 to 1907 and then on the western front with the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, reaching the rank of lieutenant-colonel by the time he retired in 1929. His father, Frederick Campbell, was also a first-class cricketer.
# MSR

MSR may refer to:

## Science and technology

* Macrophage scavenger receptor, a receptor found in macrophages
* Magnetic stripe reader, a device used to read magnetic stripe cards such as credit cards
* M–sigma relation, in astrophysics
* Mars sample return mission, a spaceflight mission to return rock and dust samples collected on Mars
* Mirror self-recognition, in animals through the mirror test
* Molten salt reactor, an advanced nuclear reactor design

### Computing

* Machine state register, a register used in PowerPC architectures
* Model-specific register, a feature in x86 processors
* Microsoft Reserved Partition, a space-management partition on a computer storage device
* Mining software repositories, a field that analyzes the rich data available in software repositories

## Entertainment

* MSR Studios, a New York recording studio
* The Most Serene Republic, a Canadian indie rock band
* Metropolis Street Racer, a Dreamcast racing game
* Mid-season replacement, a television series that premieres in the second half of a traditional season
* Metroid: Samus Returns, a video game
* Mulder Scully Romance, the relationship of the main characters of the television series The X-Files
* March, Strathspey and Reel, common bagpipe tune set

## Organizations and companies

* Market Street Railway (nonprofit), a historic preservation organization in San Francisco, California, U.S.
* Microsoft Research, the research division of Microsoft
* Mountain Safety Research, a US company specializing in outdoor equipment
* Mouvement social révolutionnaire, the French fascist party Revolutionary Social Movement
* Movimiento Social Republicano, the Republican Social Movement political party in Spain
* MSR - The Israel Center for Medical Simulation, Israeli institute for Simulation-Based Medical Education

## Places

* Most Serene Republic, a title in the name of various countries
* Montserrat (ISO 3166-1 code)

## Transportation

* EgyptAir (ICAO designator), an Egyptian airline
* Main supply route, a military operations supply route
* Market Street Railway (transit operator), a defunct company in California, U.S.
* Maserati, a luxury sports car company
* Michigan Shore Railroad, US
* Muar State Railway, a defunct railway formerly operating in the Johor Sultanate, British Malaya
* Mumbai Suburban Railway, India
* Muş Airport (IATA airport code), Turkey

## Weapons

* Modern sporting rifle or AR-15 style rifle
* Modular Sniper Rifle, a sniper rifle produced by Remington Arms
* Magnum Sniper Rifle or Accuracy International Arctic Warfare, a bolt-action sniper rifle

## Other uses

* Market Stability Reserve, a part of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme
* Milan–San Remo, an annual bicycle race
* Mortgage servicing rights, the rights to collect mortgage payments from a borrower for the benefit of the lender
* Meyer Shank Racing, an American auto racing team
# MEPA

MEPA may refer to:
* Malta Environment and Planning Authority
* Medium Energy Particle Analyzer, an experiment on the AMPTE-CCE NASA satellite
* Montana Environmental Policy Act, a law in the U.S. state of Montana; see Held v. Montana
* Multi-Ethnic Placement Act
# Ian Docker

Ian Docker (born 12 September 1969) is an English former professional footballer. He made over 100 appearances for Gillingham between 1987 and 1991, scoring three goals.
# I Need an Angel (album)

I Need an Angel is the second studio album by American singer Ruben Studdard. It was released on November 23, 2004 by J Records.

## Crtitical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| People | |
AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine found that "while there are a number of cooks in the kitchen [...] I Need an Angel, winds up being cohesive since it's all coming from the same perspective. It's all easy-rolling, smooth, and polished slow grooves, sometimes easing by on the sound of the record, other times gelling quite nicely thanks to some sturdily written and arranged songs [...] So, while it has no standout cuts, on the whole I Need an Angel winds up being a bit more solid than his proper debut. People noted that "on this gospel excursion, the cuddly singer takes it back to church, and whereas he never seemed quite comfortable in his role as R&B; love man on last year's debut, Soulful, he seems totally in his element here. Studdard is clearly inspired to perform songs he grew up on."

## Commercial performance

The album debuted and peaked at number 20 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, with first week sales of 96,000 units. It also topped both the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and the Top Gospel Albums chart. On April 8, 2005, it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

## Track listing

Notes
* signifies a co-producer
Sample credits
* "Don't You Give Up" contains a sample from "Maybe Tomorrow" as performed by The Jackson 5.

## Certifications

Certifications and sales for I Need an Angel :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# MS Viking 1

The MS Viking 1 was a car and passenger ferry delivered to Rederi Ab Sally for use in Viking Line traffic between Naantali, Finland and Kapellskär, Sweden. She operated this route in Viking Line colours between 1970 and 1982.
The Viking 1 was later known by the names Wasa Express, Khalid 1, Mecca 1, Al Hussein II, Al-Quamar Al-Saudi Al-Misri 1, Mecca 1, Al-Quamar Al-Saudi II and Fagr. As the Fagr, the ship capsized in a storm in the Red Sea on 19 April 2000. The wreck was salvaged and scrapped in October 2002.
# Ibrahima Fofana

Ibrahima Fofana may refer to:
* Ibrahima Breze Fofana, Guinean footballer
* Ibrahima Fofana (footballer, born 1946), Guinean footballer
* Ibrahima Fofana (trade unionist), Guinean trade unionist
* Ibrahima Kalil Fofana, Guinean basketball player
* Ibrahima Kassory Fofana, Guinean politician
# I Stand Alone

I Stand Alone may refer to:
* I Stand Alone (Agnetha Fältskog album), a 1987 album by Agnetha Fältskog
* “I Stand Alone”, by Steve Perry from the movie Quest for Camelot and the album Greatest Hits + Five Unreleased
* I Stand Alone (Al Kooper album), a 1968 album by Al Kooper
* I Stand Alone (Ramblin' Jack Elliott album), a 2006 album by Ramblin' Jack Elliott
* "I Stand Alone" (Godsmack song), the title of a song by Godsmack
* "I Stand Alone" (Takako Matsu song), the title of a song by Takako Matsu
* "I Stand Alone", a song by Jackyl from the album Jackyl
* I Stand Alone (film), the English title of Seul contre tous, a French film directed by Gaspar Noé
# Johl

Johl may refer to:
* Max G. Johl (1876-1935), an American philatelist of Connecticut
* Peter Johl who died November 3, 2005, after a long career on Broadway
# Ma-Indies Ladies

Ma-Indies Ladies F.C. is a women's soccer club based in Polokwane, Limpopo. The team competes in the Sasol Women's League, the second tier women's football league in South Africa.

## History

They won the 2013 Limpopo Sasol Women's League and qualified for the 2013 Sasol League National Championship. They ended the championship as runners-up losing 2-0 to Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies in the final.
They won the 2019 Limpopo Sasol Women's League and lost 2-0 to JVW in the 2019 Sasol League National Championship final. They were one of the first two finalists, the other JVW, to be promoted to the SAFA Women's League.
The finished 8th in the 2021 SAFA Women's League and 2022 SAFA Women's League.
The team was relegated to the Sasol Women's League after finishing last, 16th, in the 2023 SAFA Women's League.

## Notable players
### FIFA World Cup participants

List of players that were called up for a FIFA Women's World Cup while playing for the club. In brackets, the tournament played:
* Noko Matlou (2019)
* Lebogang Ramalepe (2019)

## Honours

* Limpopo Sasol Women's League:2013, 2019
* Sasol League National Championship: Runners-up:2013, 2019
# Carmen (district)

Carmen is the first distrito of San José Canton in Costa Rica, and one of the four administrative units that form San José downtown (casco central). This district is not heavily populated although it is a busy downtown area in daytime.

## Geography

Carmen lies in the north of the San José Canton. It is surrounded by other districts (going clockwise): Goicoechea Canton (north) and Montes de Oca Canton (east) from San José Province. The District borders other districts of San José Canton, Catedral District (south) and Merced District (west).
Carmen has an area of 1.47 km$^2$ and an elevation of 1156 metres.

## District information

This district comprises several barrios or neighbourhoods, such as Barrio Amón, Barrio Aranjuez, part of Barrio La California, El Carmen, El Empalme, Barrio Escalante and Barrio Otoya. Between its boundaries there are many important institutions and buildings, including government, health and culture.
* Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica – Costa Rica's Legislative Assembly building
* Hospital Calderón Guardia – One of the country's three main hospitals
* Biblioteca Nacional de Costa Rica – Costa Rica's national library
* National Insurance Institute – Government-controlled monopoly enterprise for Costa Rica's insurance business
* Atlántico railway station - Main railway station hub of the Interurbano Line train

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, Carmen had a population of 2702 inhabitants.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The district is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 218

### Rail transportation

The Interurbano Line operated by Incofer goes through this district.
# Dorian Haarhoff

Dorian Haarhoff (born 1944) is a South African-Namibian writer and poet. Haarhoff was born in 1944 in Kimberley, Northern Cape, then part of the Cape Province. He is a naturalized citizen of Namibia. He wrote his first poem in 1955 and has been published in numerous books. He was also a professor of English at the University of Namibia. As of 2004, he worked in the creative writing department at the University of Cape Town.
# Karl von Weishaupt

Carl also Karl Romanus von Weishaupt (11 August 1787 – 18 December 1853) was a Bavarian lieutenant general and War Minister under Maximilian II of Bavaria from 5 April to 21 November 1848.

## Biography

Weishaupt, one of four sons of philosopher Adam Weishaupt and his second wife Anna Maria (née Sausenhofer), was born in Regensburg. He studied at the University of Altdorf and was taught by Franz Xaver von Zach in Gotha. In 1804 he was made to a lieutenant of the general staff due to his cooperation at geodetical works. He took part primarily as an infantryman, then as an artillerist in the campaigns of the Bavarian army during the years 1805 to 1815, since 1812 in the rank of a Hauptmann, and became prisoner of war until 1813. In 1826 he was advanced to major, and served as head of division for artillery affairs in the Bavarian war ministry until 1829. After studying artillery installations in England and France, he became head of a cannon foundry in Augsburg in 1831. In 1840 he became Oberstleutnant and artillery director in Fort Landau. When he got a deployment in the main direction of armory in Munich in 1844, he was appointed Oberst. During his short time as war minister, he became major general and brigadier in 1848, and one day before he died in Munich, he was made lieutenant general.
His brother Eduard (died 1864) was also a general. His youngest brother Alfred (1795–1872) was a higher council for mining and salines (Oberberg- und Salinenrat) in Berchtesgaden, and was knight (Ritter) of the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown (Verdienstorden der Bayerischen Krone) and member of the Order of Saint Michael.
# Diadegma coleophorarum

Diadegma coleophorarum is a wasp first described by Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg in 1852. No subspecies are listed.
# Diffwys West Top

Diffwys West Top is a top of Diffwys in Snowdonia, North Wales, near Barmouth and forms part of the Rhinogydd. It is a grassy summit found on the west ridge. The summit is marked with a pile of stones, below which is the crags of Craig Bodlyn and the glacial lake, Llyn Bodlyn. Moelfre is to the north.