OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clifford's theorem

Clifford's theorem may refer to:
* Clifford's theorem on special divisors
* Clifford theory in representation theory
* Hammersley–Clifford theorem in probability
* Clifford's circle theorems in Euclidean geometry
# Coarazuphium

Coarazuphium is a genus in the beetle family Carabidae. There are about 12 described species in Coarazuphium.

## Species

These 12 species belong to the genus Coarazuphium:
* Coarazuphium amazonicum Pellegrini & Ferreira, 2017 (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium bezerra Gnaspini, Vanin & Godoy, 1998 (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium caatinga Pellegrini & Ferreira, 2014 (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium cessaima Gnaspini, Vanin & Godoy, 1998 (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium formoso Pellegrini & Ferreira, 2011 (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium lundi Pellegrini, Ferreira, Zampaulo & Vieira, 2020 (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium pains Alvares & Ferreira, 2002 (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium ricardoi Cassia Bená & Vanin, 2014 (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium spinifemur Pellegrini & Ferreira, 2017 (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium tapiaguassu Pellegrini & Ferreira, 2011 (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium tessai (Godoy & Vanin, 1990) (Brazil)
* Coarazuphium whiteheadi Ball & Shpeley, 2013 (Mexico)
# Johann Christoph Wilhelm Ludwig Döderlein

Johann Christoph Wilhelm Ludwig Döderlein (19 December 1791 – 9 November 1863) was a German philologist.

## Biography

Ludwig Döderlein was born at Jena. His father was Johann Christoph Döderlein, professor of theology at Jena. After receiving his preliminary education at Windsheim and Schulpforta (Pforta), he studied at Munich, Heidelberg, Erlangen and Berlin. He devoted his chief attention to philology under the instruction of such men as F. Thiersch, G. F. Creuzer, J. H. Voss, F. A. Wolf, August Boeckh and P. K. Buttmann.
In 1815, soon after completing his studies at Berlin, he accepted the appointment of ordinary professor of philology in the academy of Bern. In 1819 he was transferred to Erlangen, where he became second professor of philology in the university and rector of the gymnasium. In 1827 he became first professor of philology and rhetoric and director of the philological seminary.

## Works

Döderlein's most elaborate work as a philologist was marred by over-subtlety, and lacked method and clearness. He is best known by his Lateinische Synonymen und Etymologien (1826-1838), and his Homerisches Glossarium (1850-1858). To the same class belong his Lateinische Wortbildung (1838), Handbuch der lateinischen Synonymik (1839), and the Handbuch der lateinischen Etymologie (1841), besides various works of a more elementary kind intended for the use of schools and gymnasia. Most of the works named have been translated into English.
To critical philology Döderlein contributed valuable editions of Tacitus (Opera, 1847; Germania, with a German translation) and Horace (Epistolae, with a German translation, 1856-1858; Satirae, 1860). His Reden und Aufsätze (Erlangen, 1843-1847) and Öffentliche Reden (1860) consist chiefly of academic addresses dealing with various subjects in pedagogy and philology.
# Clinopodium menthifolium

Clinopodium menthifolium, commonly known as the wood calamint or woodland calamint, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is found throughout southern and central Europe from the United Kingdom and east as far as temperate parts of Asia, and as south as North Africa. It grows up to 1,700 m (5,600 ft) in elevation.
The three subspecies of C. menthifolium have been previously considered separate species, including C. m. subsp. ascendens (syn. C. ascendens), the common calamint or ascending wild basil, and C. m. subsp. hirtum (C. hirtum).

## Taxonomy

The wood calamint was first formally named in 1831 by Nicolaus Thomas Host as Calamintha menthifolia.
Three subspecies are accepted:
* Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. menthifolium (Host) Stace – commonly called Calamintha sylvatica
* Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens (Jord.) Govaerts – commonly called Calamintha ascendens
* Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. hirtum (Briq.) Govaerts – commonly called Calamintha hirta

## Description

Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. menthifolium is a tufted, hairy, mint-scented perennial herb with an upright habit and few branches. It grows to a height of around 60 cm (2 ft). The leaves are dark green, stalked and grow in opposite pairs. The leaf blades are ovate with rounded teeth and are larger than those C. menthifolium subsp. ascendens. The lipped flowers are also larger and darker, with the corolla lobe at least twice as long as the hairy calyx.
Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens grows to about 30–60 millimetres (1.2–2.4 in) in height. This perennial rhizomatous herbaceous hemicryptophyte plant has stalked leaves and an erect hairy stem with tall flowering spikes. It produces pinkish or bluish flowers with spots on the white lower lip. They bloom from July to September.
* Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. menthifolium
* Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens

## Distribution and habitat

Wood calamint is native to Western Europe and North Africa. Its range extends from France and Germany south to Spain and Algeria, and it also known from Northern Syria. In Britain, it is limited to a single site in the Isle of Wight, where it grows in ancient deciduous woodland on a chalk soil. It has been introduced into the United States where it has become naturalised in California and Virginia.
Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens occurs on dry, calcareous soils in hedges, roadsides, grasslands and rocky grounds.

## Uses

The leaves of wood calamint can be infused to make an aromatic herb tea. They can also be added to cooked foods, imparting a pungent, aromatic flavour that has been described as being a combination of the flavours imparted by marjoram and mint. The plant is also used as an ornamental for garden cultivation, and will attract butterflies and bees.
The plant has also been used medicinally, as a diaphoretic and an expectorant, and to settle the stomach. It can be added to cough medicine, often in combination with yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris). It is also used to treat fever, insomnia and depression.
# Johann David Schoepff

Johann David Schoepff, or Schoepf, or Schöpf, (8 March 1752 – 10 September 1800) was a German botanist, zoologist, and physician.
He was born in Bayreuth and travelled to New York in 1777 as the chief surgeon for the Ansbach regiment of Hessian troops fighting for King George III of the United Kingdom.
During the revolutionary war Schoepff was stationed in Rhode Island. Determined to study the Americas as a scientist once the war ended, he travelled for two years in the United States, British East Florida, and the Bahamas.
He returned to Europe in 1784, where he worked for a time at the United Medical Colleges of Ansbach and Bayreuth. His North American observations are recorded in Travels in the Confederation [1783–1784], which first appeared in English translation in 1911. In 1792, he wrote Historia testvdinvm iconibvs illvstrata (A Natural History of the Turtles, Illustrated with Engravings), illustrated by Friedrich Wilhelm Wunder.

## Works

* Materia medica Americana potissimum regni vegetabilis . Lloyd Library, Cincinnati, Ohio 1903 (reproduction of the edition from 1787) Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
* Schoepff, Johann David (1792). Historia testvdinvm iconibvs illvstrata [Illustrated History of the Turtles] (in Latin). OL 24395805M.
* Schoepff, Johann David (1792). Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten: mit Abbildungen erläutert [Natural History of Turtles: with Illustrations] (in German). Illustrated by Friedrich Wilhelm Wunder. Digital reproduction Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:109-opus-72919
# Cochetopah National Forest

Cochetopah National Forest was established as the Cochetopah Forest Reserve in Colorado on June 13, 1905 with 1,133,330 acres (4,586.4 km$^2$). It became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 it was renamed Cochetopa National Forest and exchanged land with Leadville National Forest, ceding land to Rio Grande National Forest and Gunnison National Forest. Its lands exist now as portions of San Isabel, Gunnison and Rio Grande National Forests.
# John Burgoyne (MP for Cambridgeshire)

John Burgoyne (died c. 1435), of Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire, was an English politician.

## Family

Burgoyne married and had one daughter and five sons, including the MP, Thomas Burgoyne.

## Career

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Cambridgeshire in May 1413, 1419, December 1421 and 1433.
# Clypeolum (fungus)

Clypeolum is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
# John Cheshire (physician)

John Cheshire (1695–1762) was an English physician.

## Biography

Cheshire is stated to have been educated at Oxford, although he does not seem to have graduated there. He practised medicine in Leicester and the surrounding district, but never entered the London College of Physicians. He attained local celebrity and wrote two medical books: ‘A Treatise upon the Rheumatism,’ first published at Leicester in 1723, and afterwards in an enlarged edition, London, 1735; and ‘The Gouty Man's Companion,’ Nottingham, 1747. A case related (p. 14, ed. 1728; p. 26, ed. 1735) shows that Cheshire did not clearly distinguish between gout and chronic rheumatism. Of acute rheumatism his account shows little clinical knowledge, and is mixed up with trivial passages from other authors and much self-praise. For chronic rheumatism he recommends the waters of Kedlestone (p. 148), and for acute rheumatism advises cold baths and sweating between blankets (p. 75). ‘The Gouty Man's Companion’ is more interesting, but contains no important observations. Cheshire advises temperance as a preventive, draws up a diet scale, recommends tea in the afternoon, calomel and emetics during the attack, mercury in the intervals. He had observed that sciatic pain was sometimes a part of a general gouty condition, and this is almost the only weighty remark in all his pages. Of his personal history and character his medical writings give some glimpses. They show that he himself suffered from gout, that he had a high opinion of his own merits, and that he had been patronised by William, the third lord Craven. Craven was one of the followers of Pulteney, and in a servile dedication Cheshire goes out of his way to join in the cry against Robert Walpole as a corrupt and wicked minister, who ought to be impeached ‘in order to satisfy the well-grounded resentment of an injured nation.’
# Coelotrypes

Coelotrypes is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.
Species accepted within the genus include:
* Coelotrypes circumscriptus (Hering, 1941)
* Coelotrypes fasciolatus (Loew, 1863)
* Coelotrypes flavina (Hering, 1941)
* Coelotrypes hammersteini (Enderlein, 1911)
* Coelotrypes inumbratus (Munro, 1957)
* Coelotrypes latilimbata (Enderlein, 1911)
* Coelotrypes major (Bezzi, 1924)
* Coelotrypes nigricornutus Hering, 1942
* Coelotrypes nigriventris Bezzi, 1924
* Coelotrypes pallidus Bezzi, 1924
* Coelotrypes pulchellinus (Hering, 1940)
* Coelotrypes pulchellus (Bezzi, 1920)
* Coelotrypes punctilabris (Bezzi, 1928)
* Coelotrypes ripleyi Munro, 1933
* Coelotrypes simplex (Bezzi, 1924)
* Coelotrypes vittatus Bezzi, 1923
# Coates Golf Championship

The Coates Golf Championship was a women's professional golf tournament on the LPGA Tour. It debuted as the first event in 2015 and was played at Golden Ocala Golf Club, west of Ocala, Florida. The event was not included for the 2017 season.
Choi Na-yeon won the inaugural tournament by one stroke over Jang Ha-na, Lydia Ko, and Jessica Korda. With the runner-up finish, Ko moved to number one in the Women's World Golf Rankings.

## Winners

| Year | Dates | Champion | Country | Winning score | To par | Margin of victory | Purse ($) | Winner's share ($) |
| 2016 | Feb 3–6 | Jang Ha-na | South Korea | 65-72-68-72=277 | −11 | 2 strokes | 1,500,000 | 225,000 |
| 2015 | Jan 28–31 | Choi Na-yeon | South Korea | 68-70-66-68=272 | −16 | 1 stroke | 1,500,000 | 225,000 |

## Tournament records

| Year | Player | Score | Round |
| 2015 | Jang Ha-na | 65 (−7) | 2nd |
| 2015 | Lydia Ko | 65 (−7) | 3rd |
| 2015 | Amy Yang | 65 (−7) | 3rd |
| 2016 | Jang Ha-na | 65 (−7) | 1st |
# John Clem Clarke

John Clem Clarke (June 6, 1937 – June 5, 2021) was an American painter and graphic artist who was active in the SoHo art scene during the 1970s.

## Early life

Clarke was born in Bend, Oregon to Wilma (née Owen) and Eugene Clarke, both of whom were school teachers. He was an only child and grew up a rural region of the Willamette Valley. His father later became a farmer who grew wheat and rye and also tended to sheep.
Attending Central High School in Independence, Oregon, he played football and became an all-state fullback, later earning a football scholarship to Oregon State University. At the 1957 Rose Bowl, he was the kicker for Oregon State.
Clarke later transferred to the University of Oregon where he took up art classes, graduating with a bachelor of fine arts degree in 1960.

## Career

After graduating, Clarke travelled Europe before settling in New York City where he eventually bought loft in the neighborhood of SoHo and an art studio in Greenwich Village.
Clarke became known for his reinterpretations of famous paintings. Using a projector, he broke down images of those paintings into stencils and used sponges or homemade spray-paint cans to paint on a canvas. His works hang in a number of museums, including the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
His works were featured in the 1973 Whitney Biennial, the first biennial contemporary art exhibition held by the Whitney Museum of American Art.
David L. Shirley, art critic for The New York Times, praised his works, writing: "One of my favorite artists in the show is John Clem Clarke, who in the last decade has betrayed his own romantic interest in the past by interpreting established masterpieces in a very individual way. In the work on view he gives us his point of view of a David canvas of a young girl, which he covers with graffiti‐like marks and daubs of Expressionist paint in incandescent colors. He manages to do everything but cover up the David image, but does not offend it. Mr. Clarke magically merges the past and the present."
Clarke continued to paint and work until 2018 when he retired due to dementia.

## Personal life

Clarke married Jane Dee Purucker in 1979. She had previously been his studio assistant and was a sorority sister of Laura Bush, later first lady of the United States. The couple had one child together, a daughter named Trillion. They divorced in 2003; Jane Clarke remarried in 2008, to Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Sandy Koufax.
After years of ill-health, he moved into a nursing home in Keizer, Oregon where he died on June 5, 2021, a day before his 84th birthday. He was survived by his daughter and two grandchildren (a third grandchild predeceased him).
# Johannes Susay

Jo[hannes] Susay or Jehan Suzay (sometimes written Suzoy or Susoy) (fl. c. 1380; d. after 1411) was a French composer of the Middle Ages. He is the composer of three ballades in the ars subtilior style, all found in the Chantilly Codex: A l'albre sec, Prophilias, un des nobles, and Pictagoras, Jabol et Orpheus. The last ballade is also found in the Boverio Codex, Turin T.III.2, with the more accurate incipit "Pytagoras, Jobal, et Orpheus" . A a three-voice Gloria "in fauxbourdon-like style" found in the Apt codex (ff. 25v/26r) is also attributed to Susay.
Susay's secular works have been edited in Willi Apel, French Secular Music of the Fourteenth Century and Gordon Greene, Polyphonic Music of the Fourteenth Century, volumes 18 and 19, and his Gloria by Stäblein-Harder and Cattin/Facchin.
According to the anonymous, early-fifteenth century treatise, Règles de la seconde rhétorique, the poet Jehan de Suzay (named along with Tapissier and others) was still alive at the time of writing. He is generally supposed to be this composer.
# John Copley (artist)

John Copley RBA (25 June 1875 – 17 July 1950) was a British artist. He was a founder member of the Senefelder Club and served as its honorary secretary from 1910 to 1916. While there he met his future wife, Ethel Léontine Gabain, with whom he had two sons.
Copley won a silver medal for Painting and Engraving at the 1948 London Summer Olympics. At 73, he was the oldest recipient of any Olympic medal. 1948 was the last Games in which art competitions were held.

## Personal life

Copley was born in Manchester in 1875. He studied art at the Manchester School of Art and the Royal Academy. He spent ten years in Italy before moving to London. In 1909 Copley and Joseph Pennell started the Senefelder Club to publicise and promote lithography as an artistic medium. Copley was honorary secretary of the club until 1916. During this time he met the French-English artist Ethel Léontine Gabain and the couple married in June 1913.
John and Ethel lived in Kent for a time at The Yews in Longfield. They had two children, Peter and Christopher. Peter went on to have a successful and lengthy career as an actor. The family moved to 10 Hampstead Square, NW3, where they created a studio in which the couple could work together. They moved to Alassio, Italy, where they would stay for two and a half years before moving back to London.
During World War II he worked as an official war artist.
Ethel died on 30 January 1950 at the age of 66. Less than six months later, on 17 July 1950, John also died.

## Career

Copley was influenced by Ford Madox Brown. He became interested in lithography in 1906 and initially worked in colour before exclusively working in black and white. One of his works claimed a prize at Chicago Art Institute's First International Exhibition of Lithographs. In 1947 Copley was honoured as the president of the Royal Society of British Artists.

### Olympic success

Copley submitted an engraving entitled "Polo Players" to the art competitions of the 1948 Summer Olympic Games in London. He won the silver medal in the Mixed Painting, Engravings And Etchings category, finishing second behind French artist Albert Decaris. At the time of the competition Copley was 73 years of age, making him the oldest ever Olympic medal winner. The arts competitions are no longer recognised by the International Olympic Committee; 72-year-old Swedish shooter Oscar Swahn is recorded as the oldest sporting medal winner.
The Fine Art Society celebrated Copley's Olympic success at the London Original Print Fair in April 2012. A collection of his works was on display throughout the event.
# John A. Cuthbert House

John A. Cuthbert House is a house built in 1811 in Beaufort. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
It is included in the Beaufort Historic District, which is a National Historic Landmark.
# John Cunningham (physician)

Sir John Cunningham KCVO FRCP (born 1949) is a British professor of nephrology at University College London Medical School and the Royal Free Hospital. He is a former physician to the Queen.

## Biography

John Cunningham was born in 1949 and educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford, Trinity Hall, Cambridge (BA, 1970) and St John's College, Oxford (BM, BCh, 1973; DM, 1988). He also trained at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA.
He became professor of nephrology at UCL Medical School, London and the Royal Free Hospital. He holds appointments at The London Clinic, and the King Edward VII Hospital, London.
He was Head of the Medical Household to Queen Elizabeth II from 2005 to 2014, and also occupied the position of Physician to the Queen. On stepping down, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II as a KCVO.

## Selected publications

* Achieving therapeutic targets in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
* New Vitamin D analogs and changing therapeutic paradigms.
# John Dewhurst

John Dewhurst may refer to
* Sir Christopher John Dewhurst (1920–2006), English gynecologist
* Jack Dewhurst (1876–1924), English footballer with Blackburn Rovers and Bury
# Colliander

Colliander is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hans Colliander (1924–2013), Swedish diplomat
* James Colliander (born 1967), American-Canadian mathematician
* Rafael Colliander (1878–1938), Finnish journalist and politician
* Sven Colliander (1890–1961), Swedish Army officer and horse rider
* Tito Colliander (1904–1989), Finnish Eastern Orthodox Christian writer
# John Cressy-Hall

John Walter Cressy-Hall (4 August 1843 – 7 April 1894) was an English first-class cricketer and merchant.
The son of the physician Alfred Hall, John was born at Brighton in August 1843. He was educated there at Brighton College. After completing his education, Cressy-Hall became a merchant. He played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club on three occasions, playing against Cambridge University in 1873, Derbyshire in 1878, and Hampshire in 1880. He scored 27 runs in these matches, in addition to taking two wickets. By 1894, Cressy-Hall was living in poverty at Kimberley in South Africa. He was financially supported by his younger brother, Sir Edward Marshall Hall, who sent money to him via Archdeacon Gaul. The two were not on good terms, with Cressy-Hall resenting being financially supported by his younger brother, to the extent that he sent offensive correspondences to him back in England. Cressy-Hall was found dead in his bed on 7 April 1894 at Kimberley.
# Coleophora pendulivalvula

Coleophora pendulivalvula is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in China.
# Coleophora pelinopis

Coleophora pelinopis is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Mexico.