OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Lafayette Todd

Charles Lafayette "Lafe" Todd (December 9, 1911 – August 4, 2004) was an American folklorist.
He was born in rural western New York State. As an undergraduate studying English literature at Hamilton College, he developed an interest in the Elizabethan ballad. In the late 1930s, while doing graduate work at Columbia University in New York City, Todd lived in Greenwich Village, where he frequented the Village Vanguard, a local night spot. Here he made the acquaintance of Alan Lomax (who later facilitated the Archive of American Folk Song's support of the Todd/Sonkin collecting expedition), along with other notables of the day such as Woody Guthrie, Huddie Ledbetter (better known as "Leadbelly"), Burl Ives, John Jacob Niles, and Frank M. Warner.
During the same period, Todd met Robert Sonkin. They were both working in the Department of Public Speaking at the City College of New York, where Todd taught for three years. They undertook their documentation in the California FSA camps during their summer vacations in 1940 and 1941. In addition to the ethnographic research Todd did with Sonkin in California, he also documented folk music in upstate New York and parts of New Jersey. In 1942, he returned to California and worked as associate manager of the Tulare Migrant Camp in Visalia. During his tenure at Tulare many of the men in camp left to assist in the war effort, either by working in the San Francisco shipyards or by joining the military. He was later drafted into the army and went to work as a public relations officer.
After the end of World War II, Todd continued his career in public relations, including a stint with the State Department doing Cold War broadcasts to Iron Curtain countries. He later went on to become president of an international public relations firm in New York. Ultimately, he became head of the Speech and Communications Department at his alma mater, Hamilton College. Todd and Sonkin once again undertook a collaborative project during this period, which resulted in a book titled Alexander Bryan Johnson: Philosophical Banker, published in 1977.
Todd and his wife, Clare, retired to Vero Beach, Florida.
# Jaime Alvar Ezquerra

Jaime Alvar Ezquerra (born April 20, 1955) is a Spanish historian, author and professor at the Charles III University of Madrid, specializing in ancient history.
He was born in Granada, studied Geography and History at the Complutense University of Madrid, and later continued his studies at the University of Cologne (1980-1981). He taught at the Complutense University between 1977 and 1996, the year in which he became professor in Huelva. He was a visiting professor at the University of Cambridge in 1999-2000. He has been a professor at the Charles III University of Madrid since 2000. He has been a visiting professor at the University of Tor Vergata (Rome, Italy), Franche-Comté (France) and Potsdam (Germany). He is the older brother of Alfredo Alvar Ezquerra of the Spanish National Research Council and the younger brother of Carlos Alvar Ezquerra, Romanic philologist. Their father was Manuel Alvar Ezquerra, prominent Spanish philologist.

## Areas of research

His career has focused on the early history of the Iberian Peninsula Greek and Phoenician colonization in the Mediterranean and Tartessic worlds. He is a recognized authority on Religion in ancient Rome, especially the romanization of oriental gods Mithra, Isis, Serapis, Cybele and Attis, as well as the processes of religious transformation of the indigenous peninsular world in contact with other Mediterranean peoples. He is currently working on the analysis of the construction of history and director of The Julio Caro Baroja Institute of Historiography of the Charles III University of Madrid.

## Publications

* De Argantonio a los romanos: la Iberia protohistórica - Madrid: Información e Historia: Temas de Hoy, [1995].
* Cristianismo primitivo y religiones mistéricas - Madrid: Cátedra, [1995].
* La navegación prerromana en la Península Ibérica: colonizadores e indígenas - Madrid: Universidad Complutense, 1981.
* Los pueblos del mar y otros movimientos de pueblos a fines del segundo milenio - Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid: Akal, D.L. 1989.
* Diccionario de Historia de España y América: Madrid: Espasa, D.L. 2002
* Diccionario de Historia de España: Madrid: Istmo, [2001] (con la colaboración de Ana Isabel Álvarez López)
* Diccionario Espasa mitología universal: Madrid: Espasa, D.L. 2000.
* Entre fenicios y visigodos [2008]

## Scientific Dissemination and Popular Science

Alvar participated as advisor on the Prehistory and Early History section in the History of Spain series (Prehistoria e Historia Antigua en la serie Historia de España) produced and broadcast by Spanish TV (Televisión Española) between 2004 and 2005. He participated on the book based on the script of this series as well. He has directed several projects for the publisher Editorial Espasa including dictionaries of Spanish history and is editor of Between Phoenicians and Visigoths, The Ancient history of The Iberian Peninsula (Entre fenicios y visigodos).
# Jakob Erdheim

Jakob Erdheim (24 May 1874, Boryslav, Galicia – 18 April 1937, Vienna) was an Austrian pathologist. He is credited with the characterization (or partial characterization) of Erdheim–Chester disease and cystic medial necrosis.
He was born into a Jewish family in Boryslav. In 1901 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna, later working as an assistant at the institute of pathological anatomy in Vienna. In 1913 he became habilitated for pathological anatomy, and in 1916 was named director of the pathological-anatomical institute at Vienna city hospital. From 1924 onward, he was associated with the "Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien-Lainz".
He distinguished himself in research of hyperparathyroidism, acromegaly, Paget’s disease and pituitary gland abnormalities. His name is associated with "Erdheim's syndrome", a condition that is also known as "Scaglietti-Dagnini syndrome" (cervical spondylosis secondary to acromegaly). Other eponyms associated with him are:
* Erdheim disease: a synonym for cystic medial necrosis.
* Erdheim tumor: a synonym for craniopharyngioma.
He used the term "nanosomia pituitaria" to describe pituitary dwarfism.

## Published works

* Uber Hypophysenganggeschwülste und Hirncholesteatome, 1904 - On pituitary swelling and brain cholesteatoma.
* Rachitis und Epithelkörperchen, 1914 - Rachitis and the parathyroid glands.
* Die lebensvorgange im normalen knorpel und seine wucherung bei akromegalie, 1931 - Life processes of normal cartilage and its growth in acromegalia.
# Jafferkhanpet

Jafferkhanpet is a locality of Chennai, India.
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# Jaffer Fuddoo Dispensary

The Jaffer Fuddoo Dispensary, also spelled as Jaffer Fadoo Dispensary, is a clock tower and formerly was a dispensary in Karachi, Pakistan. It now functions as the administrative block for Kutiyana Memon Hospital (KMH).

## History

It was constructed in 1904 by a Muslim philanthropist, Jaffer Fuddoo. After completing his matriculation, Fuddoo trained as a medical practitioner at Civil Hospital and established the dispensary to aid the underprivileged in Karachi. Recognized for his commitment, he received the King George V Coronation Medal in 1911.
The facility was leased by Karachi Metropolitan Corporation in 1988-89 to serve the Kutiyana Memon community. The building features solid stone, an arched entrance, and elegant windows.
# Charles Root

Charles Root may refer to:
* Charlie Root (1899–1970), American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball
* Charles Boudinot Root (1818–1903), American silversmith
* Charles W. Root, American lawyer and politician in Minnesota
# Jahan Bagcha Teesta Rangeet

Jahan Bagcha Teesta Rangeet (Where Teesta and Rangeet Flow) is a song that serves as the de facto state song for Sikkim, India.

## History

The Kingdom of Sikkim became a British protectorate in 1860 and following Indian independence in 1947, became a protectorate of India in 1950. During this period, Sikkim was an absolute monarchy ruled by a monarch known as the Chogyal. The national anthem of the Kingdom of Sikkim was Denjong Silé Yang Chagpa Chilo (Why is Sikkim Blooming So Fresh and Beautiful?), in the Sikkimese language.
The Nepali language song Jahan Bagcha Teesta Rangeet was released 4 April 1970 to mark the birthday of the then Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal. The song became very popular and was sometimes erroneously cited as the Sikkimese national anthem. Following a referendum in 1975, Sikkim became a state of India and the monarchy was abolished. The song was initially prohibited by the Indian authorities as it contained a reference to the Sikkemese monarchy. It was later reinstated with slightly altered lyrics which replaced the words "Raja Rani" ("king and queen") with "Janmahbhumi" ("motherland"). Nowadays, the song is used as the de facto state song for Sikkim, played at state government functions and social gatherings.

## Lyrics

| Romanization | English translation |
| Janha bagcha Teesta rangit, Jahan Khanchendzonga seer Yehi ho hamro dhana ko desh, Tapawan ho pyaro sikkim   Phulchan yeha aanganai maa, Chaap, guras, sunakhari Swargasari sundar desh ko Hamro pyaro pyaro janmah bhumi Janha bagcha Teesta rangit, Jahan Khanchendzonga seer   Batashle bokchaa yaha, Tathagat ko aamar waani shradha, Bhakti garchau sadha, Yehi matokaa phool rahau hami. Janha bagcha Teesta rangit, Jahan Khanchendzonga seer   Buddham saranam gacchami, Dharmam saranam gacchami, Sangam saranam gacchami. | Where Teesta and Rangeet flow ahead Where Kangchenjunga is placed as the head This is our country of rice, The pious Sikkim is our land so nice Here the beautiful flowers blooming at our courtyard look so genuine It’s almost like a celestial abode by dint of our motherland. Where Teesta and Rangeet flow ahead Where Kangchenjunga is placed as the head The air carries here immortal preaching words of Buddha, who did the ultimate toil, We adore and worship it always as we pine to remain as the flowers of this soil Where Teesta and Rangeet flow ahead Where Kangchenjunga is placed as the head I will take retreat to Buddha I will take retreat to Dhamma I will take retreat to Sangha |
# Charles Grignion

Charles Grignion is the name of:
* Charles Grignion the Elder (1721–1810), British engraver and draughtsman
* Charles Grignion the Younger (1754–1804), British painter and engraver
# Charles Edgar Loseby

Charles Edgar Loseby MC (1 May 1881 – 1970) was a captain, lawyer and British politician being Member of Parliament for Bradford East.
Before World War I, he was a teacher at St Cyprian's School, Eastbourne and in 1912 he taught at Winchester House School in Deal, Kent. He joined the army in September 1914 and went to serve in France. He was gassed at Ypres in May 1915.
In 1917, he won the Military Cross for actions at the Battle of Cambrai.
At the 1918 general election, he was elected as Coalition National Democratic member for Bradford East, and served in the House of Commons until the 1922 general election.
After the Coalition government ended he remained an advocate of close co-operation between the Liberal and Conservative parties; He was a supporter of Winston Churchill and like Churchill contested the 1924 General election as a Constitutionalist at Nottingham West. He was unsuccessful at the election and before the 1929 General election, he had joined the Conservatives, standing as a candidate for them in 1929.
He lived in Hong Kong and became the chairman of the Hong Kong Bar Association in 1953 and first chairman of the Reform Club of Hong Kong which was founded to campaign for direct elections to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.
# Charles Winter

Charles Winter may refer to:
* Charles E. Winter (1870–1948), U.S. Representative from Wyoming
* Charles Winter (cricketer, born 1866) (1866–1954), English cricketer who represented Somerset in 25 first-class matches between 1882 and 1895
* Charles Winter (Philadelphia cricketer) (1890–1969), American cricketer who represented the Gentlemen of Philadelphia in 13 first-class matches between 1908 and 1913
* Charles Winter (cricketer, born 1903) (1903–1982), English cricketer who represented Somerset in 26 first-class matches between 1921 and 1925
# Jaleen

Jaleen is a unisex given name, a variant of Jalen, which is an amalgamation of the names James and Leonard. Notable people with the given name include:
* Jaleen Roberts (born 1998), American track and field athlete
* Jaleen Smith (born 1994), American-born Croatian professional basketball player
# Charles Wallop

Charles Wallop (12 December 1722 – 11 August 1771) was a British politician.
The third son of John Wallop, 1st Earl of Portsmouth, Charles was educated at Winchester School from 1732 to 1739 and at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge from 1740 to 1743. In the 1747 election, his father had him returned for Whitchurch, where his family had acquired an electoral interest when his eldest brother married the daughter of John Conduitt. He supported Henry Pelham's government, but did not stand again in 1754. Wallop died unmarried in 1771 in Hackney.
# Charles Stanfield

Charles Stanfield (13 December 1884 – 1941) was a British athlete and footballer. He played in two matches for the Austria national football team from 1904 to 1905, scoring four goals.

## Biography

Stanfield was primarily an athlete and competed for the Herne Hill Harriers. In 1904, he took a up a work appointment in Vienna, Austria, and while there he broke the Austrian 100 yards record.
He was also an excellent footballer and played for Nunhead FC, Bury F.C. and Civil Service FC. While in Austria he played for Vienna FC and was capped twice for the Austria national football team. His brothers Ernest and Harry both played for Nunhead FC.
On his return from Austria he continued to race and would later finish second behind Edwin Montague in the 440 yards event at the 1907 AAA Championships.
# Jama Awil Aden

Jama Awil Aden (born 2 September 1948) is a former long-distance runner who competed for Somalia.
Aden was a member of Somalia's first ever Summer Olympic team when he competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich. He entered the marathon but was one of the eleven runners who didn't finish the course. He competed in college running for Fairleigh Dickinson.
He later served as a coach for distance running.
# Charlie Stubbs (American football)

Charlie Stubbs (born September 2, 1955) is an American college football coach. He served as head football coach at Nicholls State University from 2010 to 2014, compiling an overall record of ten wins and 38 losses. Stubbs resigned on September 14, 2014, citing health issues for his decision.
Stubbs is an alumnus of Brigham Young University (BYU). He has also been an assistant at BYU (graduate assistant), Oregon State (wide receivers/offensive coordinator/quarterbacks coach), Memphis (offensive coordinator/quarterbacks coach), Tennessee-Martin (offensive coordinator/quarterbacks coach), UNLV (offensive coordinator/quarterbacks coach), Alabama (passing game coordinator/quarterbacks coach), Tulsa (offensive coordinator/quarterbacks coach), Louisville (offensive coordinator/wide receivers coach) and Central Missouri (offensive coordinator/quarterbacks coach).
Stubbs has published three books throughout his career: Wide Open Football, Developing an Explosive Offense, and his most recent, 101 Playmakers and Special Plays.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Nicholls State Colonels (Southland Conference) (2010–2014) ||||||
| 2010 | Nicholls State | 4–7 | 3–4 | 6th |
| 2011 | Nicholls State | 1–10 | 0–7 | 8th |
| 2012 | Nicholls State | 1–10 | 0–7 | 8th |
| 2013 | Nicholls State | 4–8 | 1–6 | T–7th |
| 2014 | Nicholls State | 0–3 | 0–0 | 11th |
| Nicholls State: | Nicholls State: | 10–38 | 4–24 | |
| Total: | Total: | 10–38 | | |
# James Crawford (Burnley footballer)

James Crawford was a Scottish professional footballer, who played as a centre forward for Burnley in the early 1900s. He served in the Royal Navy during the First World War and he was aboard HMS Majestic when it sank, killing him.
# Charnwood (ward)

52°39′00″N 1°05′46″W﻿ / ﻿52.650°N 1.096°W﻿ / 52.650; -1.096
Charnwood was an electoral ward and administrative division of the city of Leicester, England. The population of the ward at the 2011 census was 13,291. It comprised the northern Leicester suburb of Northfields and its Tailby and Morton ex-council estates. Northfields has had a bad reputation for criminal activities. Despite being only 3 small estates it was responsible for 30% of the crime rate within the Leicester area. In response The Northfields Project was set upin order to help to combat crime and make Northfields a safer place to live. The scheme improved areas such as security fencing, lighting and public recreational spaces.
Charnwood was bounded by the wards of Belgrave to the west and Rushey Mead to the north-west on the other side of the Midland Main Line, Humberstone & Hamilton to the east on the other side of Victoria Road East, Coleman to the south-east at The Portway and North Evington to the south at Hastings Road. The Troon Industrial Area and Estate is to the north on the other side of Gipsy Lane.
Northfields was named for one of three open fields that once nearly surrounded Leicester. The field was enclosed in 1764 and then used as residential building land 'in good time for the population increase' of the industrial revolution, meaning that Leicester was largely spared the overcrowding problems typical of industrialising towns of that time.
The Charnwood ward, which was represented on Leicester City Council and covered the area, was abolished in 2015 with most of the area now being part of the Troon ward.
# Charles West, 5th Baron De La Warr

Charles West, 5th Baron De La Warr (February 1626 – 22 December 1687) was an English nobleman. He is alternatively described as the 14th Baron de la Warr and as Baron Delaware.
He was born in February 1626, the son of Henry West, 4th Baron De La Warr and Isabella, first daughter and coheiress of Sir Thomas Edmondes, Treasurer of the Household.
On 25 September 1642 he married Anne, daughter of John Wilde SL of Droitwich.
He died on 22 December 1687. His oldest son Charles West MP (1645–1684) having precedeased him, he was succeeded by his second son John West, 6th Baron De La Warr.
# 1862 in Ireland

Events from the year 1862 in Ireland.

## Events

* 1 January – a formal partnership between Edward Harland and Gustav Wilhelm Wolff establishes the Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolff.
* 12 May – the Ulster Hall, a concert hall in Belfast, is opened.
* July – the Glasgow & Stranraer Steam Packet Company's PS Briton enters service on the first Stranraer to Larne ferry service.
* 10 September – Eliza Lynch becomes de facto First Lady of Paraguay.
* 3 December – the Midland Great Western Railway extends from Longford to Sligo.

### Undated

*   * The Dublin Fire Brigade is established under the Dublin Corporation Fire Brigades Act.
*   * Publication of The Leadbeater Papers, containing the first edition of the Annals of Ballitore by Mary Leadbeater (died 1826).

## Arts and literature

* Julia Kavanagh publishes French Women of Letters.
* Charles Lever publishes the novel Barrington serially.

## Births

* 2 April – Bryan Mahon, British Army general, Commander-in-Chief, Ireland and Senator (died 1930).
* 27 May – John Edward Campbell, mathematician (died 1924 in Oxford).
* 10 June – John de Robeck, admiral in the British Navy (died 1928).
* 11 June – Violet Florence Martin, author (died 1915).
* 14 June – John J. Glennon, Roman Catholic Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis and Cardinal (died 1946).
* 21 September – Sir Thomas Esmonde, 11th Baronet, peer, MP and Seanad member (died 1935).
* 14 October – Samuel Cunningham, politician and Irish Privy Councillor (died 1946).
* 6 November – Edward Bulfin, British general during World War I (died 1939).
* 15 December – Jack (Nonpareil) Dempsey, boxer (died 1896).
* Gertrude Kelly, surgeon and radical activist in New York (died 1934 in the United States).

## Deaths

* 6 April – Fitz James O'Brien, author (born 1828).
* 21 May – John Drew, actor (born 1827).
* 18 July – John George de la Poer Beresford, Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland) (born 1773).
* 30 July – Eugene O'Curry, scholar (born 1794).
* 30 November – James Sheridan Knowles, dramatist and actor (born 1784).
# Kirchgasse

The Kirchgasse is a shopping street in central Wiesbaden, Germany, and with roughly 11,000 people passing through every hour, it is one of the busiest shopping streets in Germany. The Kirchgasse is a designated pedestrian zone and spans about 500 meters from the Rheinstraße on the southern end to the Langgasse on the northern end. In 2007 a study has named the Kirchgasse the second most expensive street for retail property in Hesse, after the Zeil in Frankfurt am Main.
# Aerola Alatus

The Aerola Alatus is a Ukrainian mid-wing, single-seat, glider and motor glider, designed and produced by Aerola of Kyiv.

## Design and development

A manufacturer of rigid wing hang gliders, Aerola decided to produce an ultralight sailplane along similar concept lines. The resulting aircraft is offered with and without a retractable engine. The prototype glider was known as the AL-12, with the motorized prototype designated as the AL-12M. The production versions are the Alatus and Alatus-M, respectively.
The aircraft is made from composites. Its 13.1 m (43.0 ft) span, slightly forward-swept wing has an area of 13.2 m$^2$ (142 sq ft). The landing gear is of a bicycle design, with a main wheel and a nose wheel, plus wing tip skids. The bubble canopy is in one piece and is removable. The light wing loading and low stall speed mean that the aircraft can be flown in the smallest thermals. The wings can be removed for ground transport on top of an automobile, while the fuselage is small enough to fit inside a van or to be secured to a small trailer.

## Variants
### AL-12

    Initial unpowered prototype

### AL-12M

    Initial powered prototype

### Alatus

    Production model pure glider with an empty weight of 80 kg (176 lb) and a gross weight of 200 kg (441 lb). Conforms to German LTF and LFG requirements.

### Alatus-M

    Production model motor glider with an empty weight of 115 kg (254 lb) and a gross weight of 235 kg (518 lb). Conforms to German LTF and LFG requirements, as well as US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules. Powered by a pylon-mounted retractable 20 hp (15 kW) CorsAir M25Y ES engine that produces a climb rate of 2.0 m/s (400 fpm) and gives an endurance of 1.5 hours. An electric powerplant is also available which provides a half-hour endurance. The Alatus-M can be converted back to the Alatus by removing the powerplant pylon and engine.

## Specifications (Alatus)

Data from Bayerl and Aerola
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Empty weight: 80 kg (176 lb)
* Gross weight: 200 kg (441 lb)
Performance
* Stall speed: 41 km/h (25 mph, 22 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 140 km/h (87 mph, 76 kn)
* Maximum glide ratio: 27:1 at 70 km/h (43 mph)
* Rate of sink: 0.6 m/s (120 ft/min) at 50 km/h (31 mph)
* Wing loading: 15.2 kg/m$^2$ (3.1 lb/sq ft)
# Louis Maillard

Louis Maillard may refer to:
* Louis Maillard (astronomer) (1867–1938), French-born Swiss astronomer
* Louis Camille Maillard (1878–1936), French physician and chemist
# Discula cheiranthicola

Discula cheiranthicola is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae.
This species is endemic to Madeira, Portugal.