OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Löwenstein–Jensen medium

Löwenstein–Jensen medium, more commonly known as LJ medium, is a growth medium specially used for culture of Mycobacterium species, notably Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
When grown on LJ medium, M. tuberculosis appears as brown, granular colonies (sometimes called "buff, rough and tough"). The medium must be incubated for a significant length of time, usually four weeks, due to the slow doubling time of M. tuberculosis (15–20 hours) compared with other bacteria.
The medium is named after the Austrian pathologist Ernst Löwenstein (1878–1950) and the Danish medical doctor Kai Adolf Jensen (16.7.1894-2.5.1971).

## Composition

The usual composition as applicable to M. tuberculosis is:
* Malachite green
* Glycerol
* Asparagine
* Potato starch
* Coagulated eggs
* Mineral salt solution
** Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
** Magnesium sulfate
** Sodium citrate
The original formulation included starch, which was later found to be unnecessary, so omitted.
Low levels of penicillin and nalidixic acid are also present in LJ medium to inhibit growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, to limit growth to Mycobacterium species only. Presence of malachite green in the medium inhibits most other bacteria. It is disinfected and solidified by a process of inspissation. Presence of glycerol enhances the growth of M. tuberculosis.
If the slopes are made on test tubes, they must be stored in cold and used within a month.
For cultivation of M. bovis, glycerol is omitted and sodium pyruvate is added.
The medium appears green, opaque, and opalescent.

## Uses

* For diagnosis of mycobacterial infections
* For testing antibiotic susceptibility of isolates
* For differentiating different species of Mycobacterium (by colony morphology, growth rate, biochemical characteristics, and microscopy)
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Mycobacterium bovis |
| Eugonic, rough tough and buff | Dysgonic |
| Aerobic | Microaerophillic |
| Glycerol enhancement + | Glycerol enhancement - |
| Pyruvate enhancement + | Pyruvate enhancement - |
| Niacin production + | Niacin production - |

## Alternatives
### Alternative culture media

While LJ medium is the most popular means of culturing mycobacteria, as recommended by the International Union against Tuberculosis, several alternative media have been investigated.

#### Solid media

* Egg-based – Petragnani medium and Dorset medium
* Middlebrook 7H10 agar
* Middlebrook 7H11 agar
* Blood-based – Tarshis medium
* Serum-based – Loeffler medium
* Potato-based – Pawlowsky medium

#### Liquid media

* Dubos' medium
* Middlebrook 7H9 broth
* Proskauer and Beck's medium
* Sula's medium
* Sauton's medium

### Rapid detection techniques

The chief limitation of culture-based techniques is the time it takes to culture positivity, which can be several months. Several new molecular technologies have emerged in recent years to secure more speedy confirmation of diagnosis.
* Polymerase chain reaction
* GeneXpert MTB/RIF
* Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
# Löwenhielm family

The Löwenhielm family (English pronunciation:), also known as House of Löwenhielm, is a Swedish noble family originating from the extinct Nordenberg family and the still existing Nordenfalk family. The Löwenhielm family has obtained baronial status and one branch has further elevated to count-hood. The family was first ennobled on 12 March 1725. Löwenhielm was first introduced in the House of Nobility in 1726 under the number Löwenhielm - 1791.

## History

The Löwenhielm family originates from Småland, where its oldest known ancestor, a farmer named Gudmund, lived in the Kånna parish in the 16th century. According to the “Svenska adelns Ättar-taflor” (English: Clan paintings of the Swedish nobility), he was a Walloon and a tower builder in Sweden. Gudmund's son, Erlandus Gudmundi Norenius (1554-1630), signed the decision of the Uppsala Synod and was a parish priest in the North. Norenius first wife, Birgitta Persdotter, was the sister of the dean Esbernus Petri in Örebro, and his second wife was Anna Kax, the daughter of the parish priest in Tuna parish. In the second marriage, Gudmundus Erlandi Norenius was born, who became the principal in Karlstad and the dean of Nordmark's district. His wife noblewomen was Elisabeth Flygge, whose mother was a von Brehme. Their children took the name Nordberg. One of their sons became the father of Johan Henrik, who was ennobled as Nordenborg.
Their second son, Gudmund Nordberg (1656-1739), was a judge and assessor in the Göta Court of Appeal. He was married to Baroness Anna Elisabeth Cederhielm from the Cederhielm family, whose mother was the niece of Anders Siggesson belonging to the Bure family, which was ennobled as Falkengren. Gudmund Nordberg was ennobled by King Frederick I of Sweden with the name Löwenhielm on 12 May 1725 and was introduced under the number 1791 in the year 1726. The lineage still continues, and the current (2007) head is the architect Gunnar Löwenhielm (born 1936). Multiple members of the family spell the name Löwenhjelm.
A son of Gudmund Löwenhielm and Anna Elisabeth (Maria) Cederhielm, the Chancellor of Justice and later Councilor of the Realm Carl Gustaf Löwenhielm (1701-1768), who was raised to the rank of baron in 1747 and introduced as such in 1752 under the number 224. Ten years later, he was further elevated to the rank of count (at which point the baronial family line ended), and he was introduced as such in 1766 under number 87. This committal family became extinct on the patrilineal side in 1861 and on the matrilineal side in 1933.

## Notable members

* Gudmund Löwenhielm
* Carl Gustaf Löwenhielm
* Augusta Löwenhielm
* Gustaf Löwenhielm
* Carl Löwenhielm
* Carl Gustaf Löwenhielm
* Jacquette Löwenhielm
* Betty Löwenhielm
* Severin Löwenhielm
* Laura Löwenhielm
* Harriet Löwenhjelm
* Brita Löwenhielm
* Fredrik Löwenhielm
* Fredrik Adolf Löwenhielm
* Johan Fridolf Helin (married Löwenhielm Helin)
# Léon Bouffard

Léon Bouffard (24 June 1893 in Geneva, Switzerland – 23 July 1981 in Geneva, Switzerland) was a Swiss athlete and sports administrator. As an athlete, he competed in pole vault, winning the Swiss championship in 1914. He was the founder (in 1929) and president of the Swiss Basketball Federation. He co-founded FIBA in 1932 and served as FIBA's president from 1932 to 1948. He organized 1st European Basketball Championship in 1935 and 4th European Basketball Championship in 1946, both in Geneva. Since 1948 he served as the Honorary President of FIBA. In 2007, he was enshrined as a contributor into the FIBA Hall of Fame.
# IFIP Working Group 2.10

IFIP Working Group WG 2.10 on Software Architecture is a working group of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).

## Aim

The purpose of WG 2.10 is to further the practice of software architecture by integrating software architecture research and practice.
Software architecture is important because
* it captures and preserves designers' intentions about system structure, thereby providing a defense against design decay as a system ages
* it is the key to achieving intellectual control over the enormous complexity of a sophisticated system.
Some of the concerns of a software architect are
* early analysis of critical whole-system properties
* preservation of the integrity of design over time in the face of system modifications and the creation of families of related systems.

## Scope

The aspects of software architecture within the working group's scope are:
* identifying common problems encountered by practitioners
* investigating notations, languages, techniques, tools, and methodologies for improving the practice of software architecture.
Current areas for improvement are:
* describing software architectures
* supporting reuse at the architectural level
* interoperability and integration
* evaluating and analyzing software architectures (e.g. for fulfillment of requirements or properties, comparing design alternatives, etc.)
* supporting the correspondence between the architecture and the implementation
* reverse-engineering the architecture of an implemented system
* training, education, and certification of software architects

## The Software Architecture Portal

The IFIP WG 2.10 maintains the software architecture portal. The portal provides information about the working group, the Software Architecture Village wiki, and other resources on software architecture. The IFIP WG 2.10 is also active in organising the ICSA (previously WICSA) conference series.
# ISO 3166-2:JM

ISO 3166-2:JM is the entry for Jamaica in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
Currently for Jamaica, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 14 parishes.
Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is JM, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Jamaica. The second part is two digits (01–14). The codes are assigned in the counter-clockwise direction starting from Kingston Parish.

## Current codes

Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).
Click on the button in the header to sort each column.
| Code | Subdivision name (en) |
| JM-13 | Clarendon |
| JM-09 | Hanover |
| JM-01 | Kingston |
| JM-12 | Manchester |
| JM-04 | Portland |
| JM-02 | Saint Andrew |
| JM-06 | Saint Ann |
| JM-14 | Saint Catherine |
| JM-11 | Saint Elizabeth |
| JM-08 | Saint James |
| JM-05 | Saint Mary |
| JM-03 | Saint Thomas |
| JM-07 | Trelawny |
| JM-10 | Westmoreland |
# M14 road (Zambia)

The M14 is a road in the Muchinga Province of Zambia that connects Nakonde with the Malawian Border at Katumbi via Chitipa, Thendere and Muyombe.
It is made up of two disjoint segments (the first section is from Nakonde to the Chitipa Border with Malawi and the second section is from the Border with Malawi south of Chisenga (near Mafinga Central), through Thendere and Muyombe, to the Border with Malawi at Katumbi).

## Route

The M14 is made up of two disjoint segments.

### First Section

The M14 begins in Nakonde, (just north-east of the town centre and just south-west of the Tunduma Border with Tanzania) at a junction with the T2 road (Great North Road; Tanzam Highway). It heads south-east for 85 kilometres, through the eastern part of Isoka District, to the Chitipa Border with Malawi, where it becomes the M9 road of Malawi and passes through the town of Chitipa on the other side. This marks the end of the first section.

### Second Section

The second section begins at a border with Malawi approximately 15 kilometres south of the Malawian town of Chisenga (in the Chitipa District), near the Mafinga Central peak in the Mafinga Hills (south-east of the Luangwa River source). It heads southwards through Mafinga District for 100 kilometres, through the towns of Thendere (headquarters of Mafinga District; where it meets the D790 coming from Isoka) and Muyombe, to the Katumbi Border with Malawi (south-west of the Nyika National Park), with the town of Katumbi on the other side. This marks the end of the second section.
The in-between road connecting Chitipa (near the end of the first section) with Chisenga (near the beginning of the second section) forms part of Malawi's M9 road.
# MIR133A1

MicroRNA 133a-1 is a MicroRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR133A1 gene, and is a known extracellular RNA (exRNA).

## Function

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.
# MIR124-3

MicroRNA 124-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR124-3 gene.

## Function

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009].
# M1914

M1914 may refer to:
* Hotchkiss M1914, machine gun chambered for the 8mm Lebel cartridge
* Prilutsky M1914, a semi-automatic pistol
* Lewis Model 1914, a First World War-era light machine gun
# I Was on a Boat That Day

"I Was on a Boat That Day" is a song recorded by American country music band Old Dominion. It was released on May 21, 2021 as the lead single from their fourth studio album Time, Tequila & Therapy. The song was written by each member of Old Dominion, Shane McAnally, Josh Osborne, and produced by McAnally and Old Dominion.

## Composition

I Was on a Boat That Day is in the key of B major.

## Content

"I Was on a Boat That Day" is a summer party anthem with "joyful ad-libs, raucous instrumentation, and [...] classically Old Dominion rhythms and rhymes".
Lead vocalist Matthew Ramsey said the idea started around six or seven years ago, he told KFDI: “We were kicking it around for a long time. We’d bring it up and shoot it down I don’t know how many times we decided not to write this song.”
In a press release, Ramsey mentioned: "When you listen to 'I Was On a Boat That Day' you are hearing us in the full joy of making music together, from the moment I counted the band off we were smiling from beginning to end. The tequila was flowing, the laughter was loud, and we knew in that moment we were creating something that would bring people as much joy as it was bringing us."

## Music video

The music video, directed by Mason Allen, was uploaded on May 21, 2021. Clips show partygoers dancing and smiling, and the band members performing the song on a boat.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "I Was on a Boat That Day" :
| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| Australia Country Hot 50 (TMN) | 30 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 44 |
| Canada Country (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 37 |
| US Country Airplay (Billboard) | 9 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 8 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "I Was on a Boat That Day" :
| Chart (2021) | Position |
| US Country Airplay (Billboard) | 37 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 36 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# M79

M79 or M-79 may refer to:
* M79 (New York City bus), a New York City Bus route in Manhattan
* Messier 79, a globular cluster in the constellation Lepus
* M79 grenade launcher, an American grenade launcher
* M79 rocket launcher, a Yugoslav rocket launcher
* M-79 (Michigan highway), a state highway in Michigan
* Calder Freeway in Victoria, Australia, designated "M79"
* "M79" (song), a song by Vampire Weekend from their self-titled album
# M78 (Johannesburg)

The M78 is a short metropolitan route in Greater Johannesburg, South Africa. It is a short route connecting Illiondale with Klopper Park in the Edenvale/Germiston area of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality.

## Route

The M78 begins at a junction with the R25 road in the suburb of Illiondale (south of Modderfontein and north-east of Edenvale CBD). It begins by going southwards through Illiondale to reach a junction with the M59 road (Terrace Road). It continues south as Harris Avenue, separating the Sebenza and Edenglen suburbs of Edenvale, to reach a junction with the M16 road (Baker Road) east of Edenvale CBD. The M16 joins the M78 and they are one road southwards for a few metres before the M16 becomes its own road eastwards (Harris Avenue) while the M78 remains as the southerly road (Shelton Road).
The M78 proceeds to fly over the R24 highway (Albertina Sisulu Freeway) and enter Klopper Park (the northernmost suburb of Germiston), where it reaches a junction with the M99 road (Herman Street). It proceeds south-east through Klopper Park to reach its end at another junction with the M59 road (Lazarus Mawela Road).
# ISO/IEC 21827

ISO/IEC 21827 (SSE-CMM – ISO/IEC 21827) is an international standard based on the Systems Security Engineering Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM) developed by the International Systems Security Engineering Association (ISSEA). ISO/IEC 21827 specifies the Systems Security Engineering - Capability Maturity Model, which describes the characteristics essential to the success of an organization's security engineering process, and is applicable to all security engineering organizations including government, commercial, and academic. ISO/IEC 21827 does not prescribe a particular process or sequence, but captures practices generally observed in industry. The model is a standard metric for security engineering practices covering the following:
* Project lifecycles, including development, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning activities
* Entire organizations, including management, organizational, and engineering activities
* Concurrent interactions with other disciplines, such as system software and hardware, human factors, test engineering; system management, operation, and maintenance
* Interactions with other organizations, including acquisition, system management, certification, accreditation, and evaluation.
# Ian Arkley

Ian Arkley is a British heavy metal guitarist and singer. His current band is the UK gothic doom metal outfit My Silent Wake.

## Biography

Arkley first gained attention as a member (and leader) of Christian thrash metal band Seventh Angel. Signed to Under One Flag, Seventh Angel released first album The Torment (1990), followed by Lament for the Weary (1992).
After Seventh Angel split, Arkley formed Ashen Mortality, adopting a doomier style mixed with mediaeval influences and some death vocals. Ashen Mortality self-released two albums, Sleepless Remorse and Your Caress.
Arkley was briefly a member of the Australian doom band Paramaecium and recorded the album A Time to Mourn with them. Ashen Mortality split in the autumn of 2004, playing their last gig on Halloween of that year. With two of the members in the final line-up of Ashen Mortality, Arkley formed My Silent Wake. My Silent Wake recorded a two-song demo in mid-2005, and the limited 100 copy run sold out almost immediately, and resulted in a record deal with indie label Bombworks Records. My Silent Wake released their first full-length album Shadow of Sorrow on Bombworks Records in spring 2006. Drawing on similar influences to Ashen Mortality, My Silent Wake is a more experimental progression for Arkley, with more open soundscape arrangements, but also a heavier aspect to the sound. My Silent Wake went on to record a further three albums and a split album with The Drowning. The band are still active.
Arkley recorded two albums with the space rock band The Other Window.
Arkley is also involved in a collaboration with the Visionaire frontman in a band called Century Sleeper who released Awaken in 2006.
Seventh Angel later reformed in 2008, and released the album "The Dust of Years" in 2009, which saw the band take a more Death/Doom approach to their previous style.
Since 2010 Arkley has also been involved with the industrial/darkwave band Attrition, contributing guitar. During this time, Arkley has also been active with My Silent Wake.
# Ian Bishop

Ian Bishop may refer to:
* Ian Bishop (cricketer) (born 1967), West Indian Test cricketer
* Ian Bishop (English cricketer) (born 1977), English first-class cricketer
* Ian Bishop (footballer) (born 1965), former football midfielder
* Ian Bishop (bishop) (born 1962), Church of England bishop
* Ian Bishop (rugby union) (born 1943), New Zealand rugby player
# Ian Campbell (Royal Navy officer)

Vice Admiral Sir Ian Murray Robertson Campbell, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar (8 August 1898 – 15 April 1980) was a Royal Navy officer who served as Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic Station from 1954 to 1956.

## Naval career

Promoted to captain in 1940, Campbell served in the Second World War in the Arctic Convoys commanding the destroyer HMS Milne from 1942 to 1944 and then becoming deputy director of naval intelligence. He was appointed Flag Officer Liaison for the Middle East in 1950, and Flag Officer Flotillas in the Mediterranean Fleet in 1952. He then became Flag Officer Commanding the Reserve Fleet in 1953, and Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic Station in 1954, before retiring in 1956.
# Ian Rogers

Ian Rogers may refer to:
* Ian Rogers (chess player) (born 1960), Australian chess grandmaster
* Ian Rogers (referee) (1957–1998), South African rugby referee
* Ian Rogers (singer), singer, member of band Still Pending
* Ian Rogers (writer) (born 1976), Canadian supernatural and horror writer
# M. A. Chidambaram

Muthiah Annamalai Chidambaram (12 October 1918 – 19 January 2000) was an Indian industrialist and cricket administrator. He was the youngest son of Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar, Raja of Chettinad.

## Early life

Chidambaram was born at Kanadukathan on 12 October 1918, the third and youngest son of Annamalai Chettiar, the Raja of Chettinad. He was the younger brother of M. A. Muthiah Chettiar and M. A. Ramanathan Chettiar.

## Career

He started off with a scooter factory in Mumbai, Automobile Products of India in 1946 and later became the Director of the Indian Aluminium Company at a young age. He was instrumental in founding the Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation (SPIC) and served as the chairman till his death. He was the Mayor of Madras in 1955.
He was the president of the Southern Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry from 1951 to 1957.
Chidambaram became the Vice President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in India in 1956, President from 1960–61 to 1962-63 and treasurer for about twenty years. He was the head of Tamil Nadu Cricket Association (TNCA) for 32 years. He was also the President of All India Lawn Tennis Association from 1963 to 1966.
He played a significant role in the negotiations between the TNCA and the Madras Cricket Club over the construction of a stadium on the club's ground in Chepauk. Completed in 1980, this stadium was later named M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in his honour. He was also an honorary life member of MCC, the Marylebone Cricket Club.
Besides being a pioneering industrialist, MAC is also remembered for his contribution to several other fields. He started the Tamil Isai Sangam to promote music in Tamil. His trust contributed substantially to the Voluntary Health Service started by Dr K. Sanjeevi.

## Family

Chidambaram has a son A. C. Muthiah and a daughter Seetha. His nephew is the former Finance Minister of India P. Chidambaram.

## Legacy

The M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chepauk, Chennai (formerly the Madras Cricket Club Stadium) is named after M. A. Chidambaram.