OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Byfoged

The byfoged was a former Danish and Norwegian municipal officer. The title is sometimes translated as 'bailiff', 'magistrate', or 'stipendiary magistrate'.

## History

The byfoged was originally the king's representative in the local community, dating back to the 13th century. In Norway, the title dates back to 1337, in Bergen.
In the 16th century, he became the head of the town court (byting [da]) and began to act as a judge. In the 17th century, he began to be appointed by the king; at the same time, in market towns, the magistrate and the byfoged were jointly responsible for administration and the administration of justice. The office was usually held by a respected member of the merchant class, and he was often a member of the magistrate, both before and after his time as foged. Gradually, most of the town's administrative functions were brought together in the office, and during the 18th century he became the first professional civil servant in the local community.
His functions were many and varied: He was a judge in both the city court and the fogedret [da] (bailiff's court), he was an auctioneer, in charge of estate administration and land registration, and from 1701 he acted as chief of police and in many cases also as both magistrate and town council chairman.
In 1736 a decree was issued requiring judges to undergo a legal examination, but this was slow to take hold, as the king often chose on the recommendation of the diocesan magistrate (stiftamtmanden), who often took local considerations into account. The diocesan magistrate also supervised the lower courts.
Before 1919, the herredsfoged (hundred bailiff) was both police chief and judge. If there was a market town in the judicial district, the herredsfoged was also the mayor of the town (from 1868 to 1919), elected by the king. During this period, the herredsfoged thus performed the functions previously performed by the byfoged.
# Jaap de Zwaan

Jaap de Zwaan (born 1949 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch lawyer and legal scholar. Since 1998, he is Professor of the Law of the European Union at the Erasmus University Rotterdam. He was Director of the Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael from 2005 to 2011. From 1979 to 1998, he worked for the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He acted as Agent for the Dutch Government in numerous cases before the Court of Justice of the European Communities in Luxembourg. He was involved in the negotiations on and the drafting of several European treaties, such as the Treaties of Accession of Spain and Portugal to the European Communities, the European Single Act and the Treaty of Amsterdam.
He received a law degree from Leiden University in 1972 and attended the College of Europe in Bruges 1972–1973. In 1993 he received a doctorate in law from Groningen University. He was President of the Alumni Association of the College of Europe 1984–1988.
# Guy Henn

Guy Gavin Henn (25 September 1909 – 22 April 1998) was an Australian medical doctor and politician who was a Liberal Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1959 to 1971.
Henn was born in Beckenham, Kent, England, to Jean (née Elliott) and Percy Umfreville Henn. His family moved to Western Australia the year after his birth, where his father became headmaster of Guildford Grammar School. Henn initially attended his father's school, but was then sent to England to finish his secondary education, attending Lancing College in Sussex. He went on to study medicine at St Thomas' Hospital, London, although his medical training was interrupted by a two-year spell in Australia, which was spent working on sheep stations in the North West. In 1941, Henn enlisted as a medical officer in the British Merchant Navy, although he transferred to the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) the following year, with which he spent the rest of the war.
After the war's end, Henn settled in Perth. He initially worked as a general practitioner in Midland and Wembley, and later as the chief medical officer at the Repatriation General Hospital, Hollywood. Henn entered parliament at the 1959 state election, winning the seat of Leederville from the sitting Labor member, Ted Johnson. At the 1962 election, his seat was abolished and he transferred to the new seat of Wembley, which he held for the rest of his career. Henn retired from parliament at the 1971 election, and subsequently worked as the chief medical officer for a life insurance company. He died in Perth in 1998, aged 88. He had married Maureen O'Malley in 1941, with whom he had two children.
# Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes

Compagnie des messageries aériennes was a pioneering French airline which was in operation from 1919–23, when it was merged with Grands Express Aériens to form Air Union.

## History

Compagnie des messageries aériennes was established February 1919 by Louis Charles Breguet, Louis Blériot, Louis Renault and René Caudron. The first commercial route, a mail and freight service between Le Bourget Airport, Paris and Lille-Lesquin Airport, Lille, was started 18 April 1919 using ex-military Breguet 14s. In August, a service was started to Brussels. On 19 September, an international passenger service between Paris - Le Bourget Airport and London (Hounslow Heath Aerodrome) was started, also using Breguet 14s.
The company was merged with Grands Express Aériens to form Air Union on 1 January 1923.

## Accidents and incidents

* On 23 June 1921, a Blériot-SPAD S.27, F-CMAY of CMA was en route from Croydon to Le Bourget. It encountered technical problems and attempted a forced landing, possibly aiming for Bekesbourne Aerodrome, Kent, but crashed onto an adjacent railway line, first hitting telegraph cables which would have softened the impact. The two passengers were unharmed, while the pilot received minor injuries having been pinned underneath the aircraft. The aircraft was written off.
* On 3 June 1922, CMA's Blériot-SPAD S.33 F-ACMH en route from Croydon to Le Bourget crashed into the English Channel off Folkestone, killing both passengers and the pilot.
* On 15 March 1923, Farman F.60 Goliath F-AEIE overran the runway on landing at Croydon and collided with a building. The aircraft was later repaired and returned to service.
* On 3 December 1923, Goliath F-AEIF, which may have been operated by CMA, crashed at Littlestone, Kent.

## Fleet

* Breguet 14 (2 passengers)
* Farman F.60 Goliath (12 passengers, 15 aircraft)
* Blériot-SPAD S.27 (2 passengers, 10 aircraft)
* Blériot-SPAD S.33 (5 passengers, 15 aircraft)
# Intres B.V.

52°10′9.86″N 5°27′23.43″E﻿ / ﻿52.1694056°N 5.4565083°E﻿ / 52.1694056; 5.4565083 Intres B.V. (International Retail Support) is a Dutch retail organisation, established in Hoevelaken. The company provides various services to owners of shops and is franchisor of such brands as Intersport, Livera and Libris.

## History

Intres B.V. is 100th in the list of Dutch companies in terms of income and number of employees for 2005 and 2006. In 2007, Intres had 1,237 members with 1,874 stores and organized the central payments for 2,419 companies. Intres is the largest retailers' cooperative in the Netherlands with a consumer income of €2.1 billion.

## Operations

The activities of Intres can be divided into four divisions: Fashion, Living, Intersport Netherlands and Media. These four components manage brands as Livera, First Lady, Lin-o-Lux, Garant Furniture, Intersport, Coach, Blz. and Libris. The members can benefit from group purchasing.
In addition to the brand companies, Intres has also central services such as retail payment and commercial services (marketing). Most groups of retailers within Intres are cooperating on the development of consumer websites.
# Het 4e Gymnasium

Het 4e Gymnasium (English: The 4th Gymnasium. The official name contains a Dutch article, thus abandoning the need of using one in the English translation.) is a public gymnasium (grammar school or secondary school) in the Netherlands founded in 2005. Since October 2008 the school is located in the "Houthaven" area in Amsterdam. The school is well known for its unusual subjects Film and Astronomy, respectively presented as Audiovisueel and Sterrenkunde.

## Origination

Until 2005, three categorial gymnasia existed in Amsterdam. For years, the number of registrations for these schools had been higher than the number of available places. The school was established by the three gymnasia in order to provide enough spots for eager students. A fair number of staff from these three schools also went working at the newly set-up gymnasium.

## Architecture

In 2008, the school occupied a temporary complex in the Houthaven district, then in the process of being redeveloped. The design, by the Dutch firm HVDN architecten, was characterized by its modular structure, which in theory allowed it to be disassembled and moved to another location.
In 2016, the 4th Gymnasium moved to a permanent building in the Houthaven, designed by Paul de Ruiter Architects. This school building can hold approximately 800 students 52°23′N 4°52′E﻿ / ﻿52.383°N 4.867°E﻿ / 52.383; 4.867and is energy-neutral in design.
# C.D. Gerardo Barrios

Club Deportivo Gerardo Barrios is a Salvadoran professional football club based in San Rafael Oriente, El Salvador.
The club currently plays in the Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño, after being promoted as the third best team of the Tercera Division de Fútbol Salvadoreño.
The club previously went by Universidad de Gerardo Barrios.

## Stadium

Gerardo Barrios plays its home games at Cancha La Mercad in San Rafael Oriente. However the club stated the Cancha La Mercad was too small to play in the primera division therefore they moved their games to the bigger Estadio Cesar Antonio Angulo.
* Cancha La Merced (−2019)
* Estadio Cesar Antonio Angulo (2019–)
* Cancha Municipal de San Rafael Oriente

## Honours
### Domestic honours

* Segunda División Salvadorean and predecessors
* Champions (0) : TBD
* Tercera División Salvadorean and predecessors
** Champions:(1) :2018
* Liga ADFAS and predecessors
** Champions:(1) :2017

## Club Records
### Top goalscorers

| No. | Player | period | Goals |
| | TBD | TBD-TBD | TBD |
| | TBD | TBD-TBD | TBD |
| | TBD | TBD-TBD | TBD |
| | TBD | TBD-TBD | TBD |
| | TBD | TBD-TBD | TBD |
| | TBD | TBD-TBD | TBD |
| | TBD | TBD-TBD | TBD |
| | TBD | TBD-TBD | TBD |
| | TBD | TBD-TBD | TBD |
| | TBD | TBD-TBD | TBD |
| 10 | Rusvel Saravia | 2021-2022 | 16 |
Note: Players in bold text are still active with Gerardo Barrios

## Current squad

As of: October 2021
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | SLV | Juan Lemus |
| 2 | DF | SLV | Salvador Vega |
| 3 | DF | SLV | Esteban Quintanilla |
| 5 | MF | SLV | Roberto Hernandez |
| 7 | MF | SLV | Rene Martinez |
| 8 | MF | COL | Yohanny Fancy Mancilla |
| 9 | FW | BRA | Josielson Moraes |
| 10 | MF | SLV | Jose Ventura |
| 11 | FW | SLV | Rusvel Saravia |
| 12 | MF | SLV | Manfredi Sosa |
| 14 | | SLV | Wilson Chavez |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 15 | | SLV | Emmanuel Flores |
| 16 | | SLV | C. Diaz |
| 17 | | SLV | J.Avalos |
| 20 | DF | SLV | Joaquin Campos |
| 21 | DF | SLV | Edwin Jaimes |
| 22 | | SLV | J. Acevedo |
| 23 | | SLV | Marcial Maravilla |
| 24 | | SLV | Nelson Batres |
| 25 | GK | SLV | Jairo Rivas |
| 31 | MF | SLV | Daniel Castro |
| 32 | | SLV | Irvin Granados |
| 33 | | SLV | Cesar Carrillo |
| 34 | | SLV | Ever Medrano |

## List of coaches

* Nelson Antonio Granados (2017)
* Salvador Coreas Privado (2018)
* Victor Fuentos (2018)
* Efrain Solano (June 2019 – 2020)
* Ervin Loza (2020–21)
* Miguel Angel Aguilar Obando (Oct 2021-)
# J. H. Gakey House

The J.H. Gakey House in Boise, Idaho, is a 2-story brick Bungalow designed by Tourtellotte & Hummel and constructed by Lemon & Doolittle in 1910. The house features a sandstone foundation and a hip roof with attic dormers. Lintels and window sills are trimmed with stone. The house includes a large, cross facade porch with square posts decorated by geometric ornaments below the capitals. The Gakey house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
In 1910 the Idaho Statesman described the house as "one of the first of its kind in the city." The newspaper noted wide overhanging eaves to protect second floor windows from direct sunlight, natural ventilation, and air pockets behind the brick veneer to keep the house warm and dry in winter. The house included pieces of built in furniture.

## John H. Gakey

John H. Gakey (December 17, 1864—May 8, 1953) arrived in Boise City in 1882, having moved from Cheyenne, Wyoming. Although a resident of Boise, Gakey owned a large sheep ranch near Nampa.
Gakey married Martha Elizabeth Baker in Boise in 1886. By 1910, the year of construction of the J.H. Gakey House, Mrs. Gakey was being treated for stomach cancer, and she died of the disease before the Gakeys could occupy their new home. John Gakey never lived in the house, and he sold it to its first occupant, Frank Blackinger, in 1911.
Gakey was remarried in 1918 to Elizabeth Lynch in Boise, and the Gakeys later sold their Nampa ranch and moved to Napa, California, in 1947. John Gakey died in Napa in 1953.
In the early 20th century, a stop on the Boise Interurban Railway, Southern Division, was named "Gakey" in reference to its proximity to the John Gakey ranch near Nampa.
# 620 Drakonia

620 Drakonia is a minor planet, specifically an asteroid orbiting in the asteroid belt. It was discovered October 26, 1906, in Taunton, Massachusetts, by American astronomer Joel Hastings Metcalf and given the preliminary designation 1906 WE. It may have been named for Drake University.
Photometric observations at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado, in 2001 were used to build a light curve for this object. The asteroid displayed a rotation period of 5.49 ± 0.01 hours and a brightness variation of 0.56 ± 0.02 in magnitude.
# Guy Hemmings

Guy Hemmings (born May 10, 1962) is a Canadian curler from Sorel. Hemmings gained prominence after reaching the final of the Brier in 1998 and 1999. He is considered an ambassador for the game, not only in his home province of Quebec but across Canada which he crosses every year as part of his "Guy Hemmings Rockin' the House Tour". In his tour he conducts "junior clinics at local curling clubs, visits elementary and high schools, visits the sick kids' wings at area hospitals and will host media scrums and is the keynote speaker at receptions at local curling clubs."
Hemmings was born in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, and began curling in 1984 at the age of 22. Eight years later, he played in his first provincial championship. In 1998, he won his first provincial championship giving him the right to represent Quebec at the 1998 Labatt Brier. That year, he lost in the final to Ontario, skipped by Wayne Middaugh. The following year, Hemmings made it to the finals again but lost to Manitoba, skipped by Jeff Stoughton. In the 1999 semi-final, Hemmings won the game with a last-shot draw to the back of the button vs Gerald Shymko, which was the shot of the week. (Hemmings had had won that honour the previous year as well). In the year 2000 he was hired by the Canadian Curling Association at an annual stipend of $50000 to be their goodwill ambassador.
Hemmings qualified for both the 2001 Nokia Brier and the 2003 Nokia Brier, but never again reached the final. He has been unable to win the provincial championships since then.
Hemmings was a colour commentator during the 2006 Winter Olympics and is a French language colour commentator for RDS since the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Hemmings currently coaches the Gim Eun-ji curling team.

## Personal life

Hemmings currently works as a curling TV analyst. He is married.
# Cipriano Pérez y Arias

Cipriano Pérez y Arias (1784–1823) was a Costa Rican politician.

## Personal information

He was baptized in Heredia, Costa Rica, on 8 December 1784. His parents were Matías Pérez Viera and Feliciana Arias and Ugalde. On 30 April 1804 he married Juana de Jesús Reyes and Bludgeons, daughter of Pablo José Reyes y Jiménez and Ramona Engracia Porras and González of León.

## Career

In October 1821 the mayoralty of the town of Heredia designated him as its representative in the Meeting of Legatees of the Mayoralties, who met in Carthage on 25-26 October 1821 to discuss the independence of Costa Rica from Spain. He was present on 29 October 1821 at the meeting of the Mayoralty of Carthage he signed the Record of Independence of Costa Rica.

## Death

He died in Rivas, Nicaragua in February 1823.
# John Jones (English cricketer)

John Jones (18 September 1858 – 18 September 1937) was an English first-class cricketer.

## Background

Jones was born at Birmingham. He died on his 79th birthday at Kingsfield Cottage, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire, although according to the Herts and Essex Observer, he died on 6 March 1937, aged 81 years.

## Cricket career

Jones made his debut in first-class cricket for the South in the North v South fixture at Lord's in 1884. He played again for the South in the 1885 fixture. In that same season he played a first-class match for the Players of the South against the Gentlemen of the South at The Oval, scoring a century in the Players first-innings when he made 125, in a 212-run partnership with William Tester, who made 108.
Jones later played minor counties cricket for Hertfordshire, appearing once in the 1896 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. Between 1889 and 1907 he played for Bishop's Stortford Cricket Club.
# Jakob Emanuel Lange

Jakob Emanuel Lange (2 April 1864 – 27 December 1941), was a Danish mycologist who studied the systematics of gilled mushrooms. His best-known work is Flora Agaricina Danica, a five-volume plate work on the Agaricales of Denmark. He was also a dedicated Georgist land reformer.
He was the father of Morten Lange (1919–2003), mycologist, professor at the University of Copenhagen and member of the Folketing.
# Isomorphism-closed subcategory

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a subcategory ${\mathcal {A}}$ of a category ${\mathcal {B}}$ is said to be isomorphism closed or replete if every ${\mathcal {B}}$-isomorphism $h:A\to B$ with $A\in {\mathcal {A}}$ belongs to ${\mathcal {A}}.$ This implies that both $B$ and $h^{-1}:B\to A$ belong to ${\mathcal {A}}$ as well.
A subcategory that is isomorphism closed and full is called strictly full. In the case of full subcategories it is sufficient to check that every ${\mathcal {B}}$-object that is isomorphic to an ${\mathcal {A}}$-object is also an ${\mathcal {A}}$-object.
This condition is very natural. For example, in the category of topological spaces one usually studies properties that are invariant under homeomorphisms—so-called topological properties. Every topological property corresponds to a strictly full subcategory of $\mathbf {Top} .$
# Hesychotypa turbida

Hesychotypa turbida is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1880. It is known from Panama, Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
# IHRA Drag Racing: Sportsman Edition

IHRA Drag Racing: Sportsman Edition is a 2006 video game published by Bethesda Softworks.

## Development

The game was announced in May 2005 with a release date of Q3 2005.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| IGN | 2.3/10 |
| TeamXbox | 3/10 |
| GamesRadar | 2/5 |
| GameSpot | 3.4/10 |
TeamXbox gave the Xbox version of the game a rating of 3 of 10 stating "Unless you're that one extraordinarily diehard drag racing fan that's out there, chances are this game won't exactly light your fire. Pass on this for any of the other wonderful racing experiences that the Xbox already has in its library."
# J. H. Frimpong-Ansah

J. H. Frimpong-Ansah (22 October 1930 – 21 April 1999) was an economist and a Governor of the Bank of Ghana. He was governor from 8 March 1968 to 28 February 1973.
# Guy Henderson

Guy Lochhart Henderson (21 May 1934 – 4 January 2013) was a New Zealand-born Australian classical oboist.
Henderson was the principal oboe in the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra between the 1950s and 1960s. In 1967, he was offered the place of principal oboist in the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. He continued in this position until he retired in 1998. He also played in the Australian Chamber Orchestra's first concert in 1975. He was a member of the New Sydney Woodwind Quintet. Henderson also taught and mentored many oboe students in his career, many of whom have gone on to be successful musicians.
One of his more well known recordings is as the solo oboist in Peter Sculthorpe's "Small Town", played by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.
# John Leahy (Irish politician)

John Leahy is an Irish auctioneer and independent politician, who has served as an Offaly County Councillor for the Birr area since 2009. Leahy also served as leader of Renua from 2016 to 2019.

## Career

Leahy was first elected to Offaly County Council in 2009 as an Independent, representing the Birr area. He was re-elected, topping the poll, in 2014. Leahy joined Renua at its foundation in 2015 and stood unsuccessfully in the 2016 general election. He was eliminated on the fifth count with 6,588 votes. Leahy was elected leader of Renua on 3 September 2016, succeeding Lucinda Creighton.
Prior to being leader of Renua, Leahy worked as a GAA Coaching and Games Promotion Officer, he has also contributed as a hurling analyst on Midlands 103.
Leahy voiced his support for the legalisation of prostitution in Ireland in an interview with Hot Press. In the same interview stated his belief that "all religions are equal" and spoke of losing his virginity (at the age of 21), along with other personal details of his life.
Following Peter Casey's performance in the 2018 presidential election, there were reports that Leahy would step aside should Casey decide to join Renua. Leahy later clarified that "I’ve no plan to stand down," adding "but if he wants to come in and help out, I’ve no difficulties with that." Leahy resigned from Renua in June 2019 following the party's poor performance in the local elections.
He was an independent candidate for the Laois–Offaly constituency at the 2020 general election. He received 5% of the first preference vote and failed to be elected.
# Charles Dupré

Charles Eliza Adrien Dupré (7 June 1827 – 11 June 1907), better known as C.E.A. Dupré, was an administrative assistant by profession, possible forwarder, and one of the strongest players in the Dutch chess in the 19th century, unofficial Dutch Chess Championship winner (1879).

## Chess career

In the period from 1860 to 1865, Dupré probably spent all his time with, among others, Gustav Dufresne and Serafino Dubois playing chess at the Rotterdam club Vermaak door Oefening (1821–1876).
Best performance
* 1875: 2nd Prize of the unofficial Dutch Chess Championship.
* 1879: 1st Prize of the unofficial Dutch Chess Championship. Dupré was Dutch champion that year. Dupré's highest historical chess rating is 2270 and dates from his late years.

## Contribute to the development of chess

As a chess player, Dupré was involved in the development of chess in the Netherlands. He regularly shared copy with Willem Verbeek, who published it in the chess magazine Sissa. He discussed ideas for chess with Verbeek.
In addition to serving for years as secretary for Entertainment through Exercise, he has made efforts to set up a regional association.
When the Royal Dutch Chess Federation was founded in 1873, he became president/treasury secretary of the Rotterdam department.