OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henrik Ståhl

Jon Henrik Ståhl (born 31 July 1975) is a Swedish actor, playwright, author (among the 2003 book Livskartan) and television host. He studied at Gothenburg Theatre Academy 1995–99. He hosted the children's TV program Bolibompa 1999–2004. He has participated in many Sveriges Television programmes, among them Supersnällasilversara och Stålhenrik and Pomos piano. He has travelled around in Sweden and performed his own play Henrik – en tönt which is about mobbing.
# Henrik Stubkjær

Henrik Stubkjær (born 31 of December 1961 in Brædstrup) is a Danish Lutheran theologian, from November 2014 the 44th Bishop of Viborg in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark and president of the Lutheran World Federation (LWF).
Stubkjær is chair of World Service, a member of the presidium of Unicef Denmark and chair of Møltrup Optagelseshjem, a home for homeless men of all ages who wish to leave alcohol and drugs behind them.

## Life

Stubkjær graduated in theology from Aarhus University in 1990. Between 1993 and 1996 he was vicar of Møllevang Church in Aarhus and a chaplain to the students at Aarhus University. From 1996 to 2005 he was the head of the Diaconal College in Aarhus (Diakonhøjskolen in Aarhus) – an educational centre for the diaconate. From 2005 to 2014 he served as Secretary General in DanChurchAid – a humanitarian NGO rooted in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark and also a member organization of the Act Alliance. He has been a board member of the ACT Alliance, and chair in ACT EU.
In 2014 he was elected bishop of Viborg. As a bishop he has been very engaged in missional, diaconal and ecumenical work. Through a diocesan committee, study trips to meet churches in other countries are arranged on a regular basis, and he emphasized building relations with Orthodox migrants of Eastern European background, Persian-speaking migrants, and asylum seekers. Every year an intercession service for persecuted Christians is held in the Cathedral in Viborg.
Furthermore, Stubkjær has placed great emphasis on theological education for lay people in the diocese, based on Luther's concept of the priesthood of all believers.
Henrik Stubkjær has been engaged in ecumenical work for many years. As a bishop he has developed strong relations with other churches, both in Denmark and abroad. For example, there are strong ties and mutual exchange and learning between the diocese of Viborg and the Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria as well as the Diocese of Guildford in the Church of England. Furthermore, Stubkjær served as chair of the National Council of Churches in Denmark for one term (2016-2019). Since 2017 he has served as a member of the Council of The Lutheran World Federation, as well as Chair of World Service. In the summer of 2020 he completed a Master of Public Governance (MPG) degree from Copenhagen Business School.
In August 2023 Stubkjær was nominated as a candidate for the position of president of the Lutheran World Federation and won the election.
# BmK NSPK

BmK NSPK (Buthus martensii Karsch, Neurite-Stimulating Peptide targeting K$_v$ channels) is a toxin isolated from the venom of the Chinese armor-tail scorpion (Mesobuthus martensii), which specifically targets voltage gated potassium channels (K$_v$), resulting in a direct inhibition of outward potassium current.

## Source

BmK NSPK is a neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the Chinese armor-tail scorpion (Mesobuthus martensii).

## Chemistry

BmK NSPK is a short-chain toxin that has a primary amino acid sequence of 38 amino acids and a molecular weight of 3962.2 Da.
BmK NSPK :
| Length | 38 a.a. |
| Mass | 3.9622 kDa |
| Primary sequence | VGKNVICIHS GQCLIPCIDA GMRFGICKNG ICDCTPKG |
| Uniprot | P0DUK8 |
The toxin has a cysteine-stabilized α-helix-β-sheet motif, containing one α-helix connected by disulfide bonds to two parallel β-sheets, which suggests that BmK NSPK belongs to the Csαβ potassium channel blockers.
In comparison with BmKTX (Buthus martensii kaliotoxin), which is a previously discovered Kv1.3 channel blocker, BmK NSPK showed 79% sequence homology. Furthermore, BmKTX and BmK NSPK also show structural similarities. In both toxins, the α-helixes contain Leu$^{14}$ and Ala$^{19/20}$ and the β-sheets show a similar folding pattern.

## Target and Mode of Action

Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in mouse spinal cord neurons (SCNs) determined that BmK NSPK targets K$_v$ channels. More specifically, when focussing on the similarities between BmK NSPK and BmKTX, K$_v$1.3 channels are expected to be the target of BmK NSPK. When BmK NSPK (300 nM) is introduced to the SCNs, outward potassium (I$_K$) currents are inhibited. As a result, the membrane potential will not repolarize. This is due to inhibition of the transient components (I$_A$) and sustained delayed rectifier components (I$_D$) of I$_K$, which are normally responsible for membrane repolarization.
BmK NSPK has additional effects in SCNs, possibly indirectly caused by the membrane depolarisation that is a consequence of the inhibition of outward potassium currents:
* Spontaneous calcium oscillations (SCOs) are increased in amplitude and frequency with the addition of BmK NSPK.
* When adding higher concentrations (3-300 nM) of BmK NSPK, the membrane of SCNs depolarizes.
* BmK NSPK modulates the release of Nerve Growth Factor in SCNs through the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway, leading to enhanced neurite outgrowth.
# Hematosalpinx

Hematosalpinx (sometimes also hemosalpinx) is a medical condition involving bleeding into the fallopian tubes.

## Symptoms

A hematosalpinx from a tubal pregnancy may be associated with pelvic pain and uterine bleeding. A gynecologic ultrasound will show the hematosalpinx. A hematosalpinx from other conditions may be painless but could lead to uterine bleeding.

## Causes

A number of causes may account for a hematosalpinx, by far the most common being a tubal pregnancy. Blood may also escape into the peritoneal cavity leading to a hemoperitoneum. A hematosalpinx can also be associated with endometriosis or tubal carcinoma. Further, if menstrual blood flow is obstructed (cryptomenorrhea), caused for instance by a transverse vaginal septum, and gets backed up it may lead to a hematosalpinx.

## Diagnosis

Diagnosis may include, but is not limited to, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laparoscopy.

## Treatment

Treatment is directed at the underlying condition and is usually surgical.
# Hematospermia

Hematospermia (also known as haematospermia, hemospermia, or haemospermia) is the presence of blood in the ejaculate. It is most often a benign symptom. Among men age 40 or older, hematospermia is a slight predictor of cancer, typically prostate cancer. No specific cause is found in up to 70% of cases.

## Cause

Though haematospermia may cause considerable distress to patients, it is often a benign and self-limiting condition caused by infections, particularly in younger patients. An isolated episode is usually considered benign and not likely to be associated with malignancy. Recurrent haematospermia may indicate a more serious underlying pathology particularly in patients over 40 years of age.

### Infection and inflammation

Infection or inflammation is considered the most common cause of the condition. Implicated pathogens include; Gram-negative bacteria (often E. coli), gonococci, T. pallidum, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, echinococcus (rarely), HSV type 1 or 2, and HPV. The condition may also rarely be caused by some chronic systemic infections like tuberculosis or schistosomiasis. Additionally, testicular, prostate, and epididymal inflammation in general may present with haematospermia as feature.

### Neoplasm

Some neoplasms of the genitourinary system may present with haematospermia. Malignant causes of haematospermia include; prostate cancer, testicular or epididymal tumours, seminal vesicle carcinoma (rarely), and urethral tumour. Lymphomas and leukaemias may also feature haematospermia as symptom.

### Prostate

Various prostate pathologies (including prostatitis, calculi (stones), cysts, benign prostatic hyperplasia, bacterial infection, etc.) may result in blood occurring in the ejaculate.

### Other

Systemic conditions like malignant hypertension, liver dysfunction, or bleeding disorders, and amyloidosis may sometimes be present with hematospermia as symptom. Trauma to the region may also cause the condition. Additionally, structural anomalies of genitourinary anatomy (e.g. vascular anomalies, polyps, urethral malformations, etc.) may result in hematospermia as symptom.
Excessive sex or masturbation, prolonged sexual abstinence, interrupted sex, and certain sexual behaviours may also result in (mostly isolated events of) hematospermia.

### Unknown

The exact cause cannot be determined in up to 70% of patients.

## Diagnosis

The main focus of an evaluation should be to determine its cause (if possible) and rule out infection and malignancy. It is important to rule out pseudo-haematospermia where blood originates from the partner during intercourse.

## Epidemiology

Though the exact incidence is unknown, haematospermia has been reported in one per 5,000 patients in initial examinations at urological out-patient clinics. Most patients are between 30–40 years of age. It is thought to make up ~1% of all urological symptoms.

## History

Traditionally, the condition was thought to be a clinically insignificant consequence of prolonged sexual abstinence or intense sexual experiences.
# Bob Dillner

Bob Dillner (born November 29, 1969) is an American motorsports journalist and television broadcaster. Born in Huntington, New York, he owns and operates Speed51.com. He was also the creator of Trackside Long Island, which first aired in 1992. Afterward, he became a Speed Channel commentator. For 2016 he was a color analyst for Monster Jam on FS1. He currently resides in Boone, North Carolina. Previously he lived in Concord, North Carolina. He is currently a professor at Appalachian State University specializing in sports and news reporting. He has been the lead commentator for the SMART Modified Tour since 2023.

## Career

Dillner is an American motorsports journalist and television broadcaster. Born in Huntington, New York, Dillner has worked for FOX Sports covering the top three series of NASCAR, as well as the lead play-by-play announcer for NASCAR K&N Pro Series, NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour and the NASCAR Toyota Series. Dillner has also covered the Chili Bowl Nationals, and has been on pit road for many different events including Super DIRT week in Syracuse, New York. Dillner is also the owner of Speed51.com, the largest pavement short-track racing website in America. In 2016, Dillner was the color analyst for Monster Jam on FS1. He did not return for 2017.
# Joe Shaw (rugby union)

Joe Shaw born 20 February 1980 in Birmingham, West Midlands, England is a rugby union player and coach.

## Playing career

Born in the West Midlands, Shaw played for Sale Sharks as a youngster. He won England representative honours at Under-18s, 19s and 21s, and was in the full England sevens squad in 2001.
Shaw was a utility player, his broad range of skills saw him play at fullback, in the centres and on the wing.
Shaw joined the Newcastle Falcons in the Guinness Premiership from Northampton Saints in the summer of 2002.
A memorable moment for many will be the try he scored in the Falcons' victorious 2004 Powergen Cup win over former club Sale at Twickenham.
A recurring ankle injury picked up early in the campaign saw him miss much of the 2004/5 season, restricting him to six starts and five outings from the bench.
Shaw used his time away from playing rugby to help the Falcons Community Foundation to good effect, winning the Falcons community award six years in a row from 2003 to 2009, while he was also named Powergen Community Player of the Season for 2006–2007. Furthermore, was the first rugby player inducted into the Show Racism the Red Card charity.

## Coaching career

Away from the Falcons, Shaw coached local side Westoe RFC, from 2003 to 2009 along with former Falcons star Richard Arnold. Winning three league titles, two County Cups and reached the final of the Powergen Intermediate Cup. Upon leaving Newcastle Falcons in 2009 he became head coach of the bottom of the league Kowloon Rugby Club, finishing top in 2012; Shaw also became Hong Kong's national coach.
He is now the head coach of Saracens Rugby Club. Shaw headed up the successful A League and LV Cup teams in 2015, and is part of the coaching team that helped secure the 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019 and 2022 Premiership titles and the 2016, 2017 and 2019 European Champions Cup titles. He also led the club to the 2020 Green King IPA Championship title.
Additionally, Shaw has earned an MSc in coaching science, writing his dissertation on the philosophy of player centered coaching.
# Centre of Sports in Jonava

Centre of Sports in Jonava is an indoor sporting center in Jonava, Lithuania. It holds a boxing base, a pool, a table tennis base, a gym and a main ground. The sporting center also holds basketball and volleyball competitions.
In 2014, the Centre hosted the playoffs for the Baltic Women's Volleyball League.
The Jonava indoor arena will be replaced with the Jonava Arena (planned to open 2014–2016, capacity: 3,000).
# Cobalt chloride

Cobalt chloride (cobalt paper) may refer to:
* Cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl$_2$)
* Cobalt(III) chloride (CoCl$_3$)
# Cyclospermum

Cyclospermum (also, Ciclospermum) is a small genus of plants in the family Apiaceae. There are three species, including the well-known weed Cyclospermum leptophyllum, the marsh parsley or fir-leafed celery.
# Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard

Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard (18 January 1818 – 23 July 1888) was a German Protestant theologian.

## Biography

Born at Erlangen, he was educated in his native town and at Berlin, and after teaching in a private family became Privatdozent at Erlangen (1841) and then professor of theology at Zürich (1844). In 1847 he was appointed professor of theology at Erlangen, a chair which he resigned in 1861; in 1875 he became pastor of the French reformed church in the same city.
As a critic, Ebrard occupied a very moderate standpoint; as a writer his chief works were Christliche Dogmatik (2 volumes, 1851), Vorlesungen über praktische Theologie (1864), and Apologetik (1874–1875, Eng. trans. 1886). His work on John's Gospel, Das Evangelium Johannis und die neueste Hypothese über seine Entstehung was published in 1845.
He also edited and completed Hermann Olshausen's commentary, himself writing the volumes on the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Johannine epistles, and Revelation. In the department of belles-lettres he wrote a good deal under such pseudonyms as Christian Deutsch, Gottfried Flammberg and Sigmund Sturm.
# ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal

The ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal (ACAT) is a tribunal in the Australian Capital Territory.
It provides a forum for the determination of a wide range of civil disputes, requests for review of administrative decisions, and professional and occupational disciplinary matters.

## History

The ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal was established via the ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2008, which took effect on 2 February 2009.
The tribunal took over the work of several existing tribunals and boards, including the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, Small Claims Court, Discrimination Tribunal, Guardianship and Management of Property Tribunal, Mental Health Tribunal, Residential Tenancies Tribunal, Liquor Licensing Board, Health Professions Tribunal, Legal Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal, and ACT Court of Appeal Case Records. The records of these former tribunals and boards are held by the ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal.
# ACT Book of the Year

The ACT Book of the Year is an annual prize of $10,000 awarded for a literary work of fiction, nonfiction or poetry written by an author from the Australian Capital Territory. The award was inaugurated in 1993 with $5,000 prize money.

## Winners

| Year | Author | Title | Publisher | Notes |
| 1993 | Marion Halligan | Lovers' Knot | Heinemann | Joint winners |
| 1993 | A. D. Hope | Chance Encounters | Melbourne University Press | Joint winners |
| 1994 | John Foulcher | New and Selected Poems | Brandl & Schlesinger | |
| 1995 | Sara Dowse | Sapphires | Penguin Group | |
| 1996 | Paul Hetherington | Shadow Swimmer | Molonglo Press | |
| 1997 | Francesca Rendle-Short | Imago | Spinifex Press | |
| 1998 | Lee Chittick | Travelling With Percy : A South Coast Journey | Aboriginal Studies Press | |
| 1999 | Craig Cormick | Unwritten Histories | Aboriginal Studies Press | |
| 2000 | Adrian Caesar | The White: Last days in the Antarctic Journeys of Scott and Mawson 1911-1913 | Picador | |
| 2001 | Alan Gould | The Schoonermaster's Dance | Flamingo | Joint Winners |
| 2001 | Dorothy Johnston | The Trojan Dog | Wakefield Press | Joint Winners |
| 2002 | Jackie French | In the Blood | Angus & Robertson | |
| 2003 | John Clanchy | The Hard Word | University of Queensland Press | |
| 2004 | Marion Halligan | The Point | Allen & Unwin | |
| 2005 | Tony Kevin | A Certain Maritime Incident : the sinking of SIEV X | Scribe Publications | |
| 2006 | John Clanchy | Vincenzo's Garden | University of Queensland Press | |
| 2007 | Quynh Du Thon That | Sunday Menu : selected short stories of Pham Thi Hoai | Pandanus | |
| 2008 | Tony Kevin | Walking the Camino : A Modern Pilgrimage to Santiago | Scribe Publications | |
| 2009 | Nicholas Drayson | A Guide to the Birds of East Africa: A Novel | Viking | |
| 2010 | Marion Halligan | Valley of Grace | Allen & Unwin | |
| 2011 | Chris Hammer | The River: A journey through the Murray-Darling Basin | Melbourne University Press | |
| 2012 | Bill Gammage | The Biggest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines Made Australia | Allen & Unwin | |
| 2013 | Frank Bongiorno | The Sex Lives of Australians : A History | Black Inc. | |
| 2014 | Gordon Peake | Beloved land: stories, Struggles and secrets from Timor-Leste | Scribe Publications | |
| 2015 | Mark Henshaw | The Snow Kimono | Text Publishing | |
| 2016 | Frank Bongiorno | The Eighties : the decade that transformed Australia | Black Inc. | |
| 2017 | Tom Griffiths | The Art of Time Travel : Historians and their craft | Black Inc. | |
| 2018 | Paul Collis | Dancing Home | University of Queensland Press | |
| 2019 | Robyn Cadwallader | Book of Colours | HarperCollins | |
| 2020 | Lisa Fuller | Ghost Bird | University of Queensland Press | |
| 2021 | Subhash Jaireth | Spinoza's Overcoat: Travels with Writers and Poets | Transit Lounge | |
| 2022 | Lucy Neave | Believe in Me | University of Queensland Press | |
| 2023 | Frank Bongiorno | Dreamers and Schemers: A political history of Australia | La Trobe University Press | |
# AP Model School

Andhra Pradesh Model Schools or AP Model School's (2013) is an English-medium Government Model school in Andhra Pradesh. The Government of Andhra Pradesh, which owns and runs schools in educationally backward districts, originally intended to start around 355 schools in the first phase and 400 in the second phase. Due to state bifurcation (2014), 192 were allotted to Telangana State and 163 Model Schools were allotted to residual Andhra Pradesh. For implementation of the above scheme, Government Sanctioned (7100) newly created posts by Direct Recruitment and (5074) newly created post on outsourcing basis at State, District and School Level.

## History

The first model school in the state was opened at Tegada in Kasimkota mandal in Visakhapatnam by the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Sri N.Kiran kumar Reddy in 2013.
The Model School Scheme is no longer funded by the Government of India, and responsibility for the programme has been transferred to the states. On 15 March 2024 regular teaching staff of Model Schools (APMS) were merged in Commissionerate of School Education and payment of salaries moved to "010-Salaries" Head of Account Orders Issued by Government of Andhra Pradesh.
# AP Microeconomics

Advanced Placement (AP) Microeconomics (also known as AP Micro) is a course offered by the College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program for high school students interested in college-level coursework in microeconomics and/or gaining advanced standing in college. The course begins with a study of fundamental economic concepts such as scarcity, opportunity costs, production possibilities, specialization, and comparative advantage. Major topics include the nature and functions of product markets; factor markets; and efficiency, equity, and the role of government. AP Microeconomics is often taken in conjunction with or after AP Macroeconomics.

## Topics outline and distribution of topics

Topics covered in the AP Microeconomics course and exam include:
| Unit | Topic | Exam Weighting |
| 1 | Basic Economic Concepts | 12–15% |
| 2 | Supply and Demand | 20–25% |
| 3 | Production, Cost, and the Perfect Competition Model | 22–25% |
| 4 | Imperfect Competition | 15–22% |
| 5 | Factor Markets | 10–13% |
| 6 | Market Failure and the Role of the Government | 8–13% |

## The exam

* Multiple Choice: Students are given 70 minutes to complete 60 multiple choice questions which are weighted 2/3 (66.7%) of the total exam score.
* Free-Response: Students are allotted 10 minutes of planning then 50 minutes of writing for one long free-response question (weighted 50% of section score) and two short ones (weighted 25% section score each).

## Score distribution

94,772 students took the AP Microeconomics exam in 2023.
The exam was first held in 1989, along with Macroeconomics. Grade distributions since 2007 are as follows:
| Score | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| 5 | 16.3% | 18.1% | 17.9% | 16.6% | 16.1% | 16.6% | 18.1% | 15.9% | 19.1% | 17.8% | 23.5% | 19.2% | 24.3% | 23.3% | 18.5% | 17.7% | 21.3% | 17% |
| 4 | 27.6% | 26.3% | 27.4% | 27.0% | 26.2% | 28.2% | 28.6% | 28.9% | 28.6% | 27.5% | 28.1% | 28% | 28.1% | 29.0% | 24.0% | 22.5% | 26.0% | 25% |
| 3 | 20.8% | 18.8% | 19.7% | 20.2% | 21.3% | 20.9% | 20.0% | 20.7% | 19.4% | 22.0% | 18.0% | 20.2% | 17.2% | 16.6% | 16.6% | 18.8% | 20.6% | 23% |
| 2 | 14.6% | 15.2% | 14.6% | 14.8% | 15.6% | 15.8% | 14.9% | 15.5% | 13.8% | 13.7% | 12.0% | 15.8% | 12.0% | 14.2% | 17.0% | 16.9% | 19.9% | 21% |
| 1 | 20.8% | 21.5% | 20.4% | 21.4% | 20.8% | 18.5% | 18.4% | 18.9% | 19.1% | 19.0% | 18.5% | 16.8% | 18.4% | 16.9% | 23.9% | 24.2% | 12.1% | 14% |
| % of scores 3 or higher | 64.6% | 63.2% | 65.0% | 63.8% | 63.6% | 65.7% | 66.7% | 65.5% | 67.1% | 67.3% | 69.5% | 67.4% | 69.6% | 68.9% | 59.1% | 59.0% | 68.0% | 65% |
| Mean | 3.04 | 3.04 | 3.08 | 3.02 | 3.01 | 3.09 | 3.13 | 3.07 | 3.15 | 3.11 | 3.26 | 3.17 | 3.28 | 3.28 | 2.96 | 2.93 | 3.25 | 3.10 |
| Standard deviation | 1.38 | 1.41 | 1.39 | 1.39 | 1.38 | 1.36 | 1.37 | 1.35 | 1.39 | 1.37 | 1.42 | 1.36 | 1.42 | 1.40 | 1.45 | 1.44 | 1.32 | 1.30 |
| Number of Students | 37,383 | 41,915 | 46,272 | 51,601 | 56,303 | 62,351 | 67,505 | 74,049 | 78,408 | 82,388 | 87,858 | 90,032 | 91,551 | 82,415 | 80,199 | 84,386 | 94,772 | |
# A Murder in Virginia

A Murder in Virginia: Southern Justice on Trial is a book by Suzanne Lebsock detailing the cases surrounding the murder of Lucy Pollard in 1895 in Lunenburg County, Virginia.
It won the 2004 Parkman Prize. Published in 2003, it is the story of three African-American women and a man, Solomon Marable, who in 1895 were accused of ax-murdering a white woman.