OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jack Filmer

John Francis Filmer ISO (born in Tatura, Victoria, Australia on 16 September 1895 and died in Wellington, New Zealand on 19 July 1979) was an Australian-born scientist who later emigrated to New Zealand to continue his scientific research career.

## Early life

Filmer spent his early life in Western Australia and won a Government Exhibition Scholarship which took him to the University of Melbourne from which he graduated B.V.Sc. in 1916.
In the First World War, Filmer served with the Royal Army Veterinary Corps in Greece and Salonika.

## Research success

On his return to Australia, Filmer commenced private practice in Katanning in Western Australia. In 1925, he joined the Department of Agriculture in Fremantle. Filmer worked on the problem of Denmark Disease or enzootic marasmus.
During his period in Western Australia, Filmer, in collaboration with E. J. Underwood, achieved a major research success which was to prove of incalculable benefit to agriculture in New Zealand and throughout the world. "Bush sickness" had imposed severe restrictions on animal production in New Zealand. The use of iron compounds had resulted in a partial though precarious control of the disease. Filmer and Underwood showed that the beneficial effect of iron compounds resided in the minute amount of cobalt present as an impurity. This meant that the way was open for complete control of bush sickness and allied wasting diseases. The two men suggested that the effect of cobalt on cattle and sheep might be mediated through "some growth factor for whose formation cobalt is necessary". This clearly foreshadowed the discovery of vitamin B12 and proof that the role of cobalt as an essential trace element is exerted through this vitamin.

## Later career

Filmer moved to Victoria in 1936 and took up the position of Veterinary Research Officer with the Western Districts Research Association in Camperdown. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1938 where he soon became director of the Animal Research Division of the Department of Agriculture, a position he held until his retirement in September 1960. Soon afterwards, the University of Melbourne conferred on Filmer the degree of D.V.Sc. for a thesis on his work on cobalt deficiency.
Filmer was Secretary to Section L of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science (ANZAAS) in 1926 and was president and life member of the New Zealand Animal Production Society. In 1954, Filmer was elected an honorary Associate of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. He was President of the New Zealand Grasslands Association in 1955.
In 1961, Filmer was awarded the Fellowship of the Royal Society of New Zealand. In the same year, he was appointed a Companion of the Imperial Service Order in the Queen's Birthday Honours.
Filmer was twice president of the New Zealand Veterinary Association and he was elected a life member in 1961.
In 1968, Massey University conferred on Filmer the degree of Honorary Doctor of Science and in 1971 he was elected a Life Fellow of the Australian College of Veterinary Scientists.
# C6H12N2O4

The molecular formula C$_6$H$_{12}$N$_2$O$_4$ (molar mass: 176.17 g/mol, exact mass: 176.0797 u) may refer to:
* DMDNB
* Ethylenediaminediacetic acid (EDDA)
# Charles Simms

Charles Simms may refer to:
* Charles Carroll Simms (1824–1884), American Navy officer
* Charles Simms (gymnast) (1928-2003), American gymnast
* Charles Simms (lawyer) (1755–1819), American lawyer and politician
* Charlie Simms (1859–1935), English footballer
# Ben Allal, Aïn Defla

Ben Allal, Algeria is a town in northern Algeria.
# Claude Moss Leigh

Claude Moss Leigh (17 May 1888 – 19 January 1964) was a pioneer of social housing in the United Kingdom and the founder of MEPC plc, one of the United Kingdom's largest property companies.

## Career

The son of London surveyor, Claude Leigh initially joined his father's business before venturing out on his own providing quality housing for working class people.
Leigh was a pioneer of social housing who in 1929 established the Metropolitan Housing Corporation to provide rented accommodation in London. By 1937 he was attracting attention because of the large number of blocks of residential accommodation he was buying up.
In 1946, following the introduction of rent controls, Leigh focussed on commercial property and merged his business with several others to form the Metropolitan Estates & Property Corporation. He expanded this business into one of the United Kingdom's largest property concerns.
Leigh was also keen on horse racing and owned racehorses: he acquired the famous racecourse, Star Kingdom, in 1949.
He died in January 1964 at Montego Bay in Jamaica.

## Family

He was married three times - in 1913 to Ester Boss, in 1925 to Myrtle Johnson and in 1945 to Gay Laithwaite.
# John Vickers (criminal)

John Wilson Vickers (died 23 July 1957) was a criminal from the United Kingdom who became the first person to be executed under the terms of the Homicide Act 1957. He had been convicted of the fatal bludgeoning of an elderly woman named Jane Duckett during a robbery in Carlisle. Vickers' appeal on the grounds that he had not intended to kill Duckett has become a leading case on the degree of malice needed to prove murder in English law.
Vickers was born in the town of Penrith, Cumbria. He had been a career thief from the age of eleven and was known to the police. On either the fifteenth or fourteenth of April 1957, Vickers broke into the cellar of a shop in Carlisle owned by 72-year-old Jane Duckett, intending to steal money. Duckett interrupted Vickers during the robbery, prompting Vickers to violently beat her before fleeing without taking anything. Duckett later died of her injuries; her body was discovered when neighbours alerted the police that her shop had not opened that day.
Within several days, Vickers was identified by several scratches left on his face during his struggle with Duckett and charged with murder. Although the felony murder rule had been abolished by the Homicide Act 1957, the prosecution argued that "if a man of 22 kicks and punches an old lady of 72 he intends to cause her grievous bodily harm. If you are satisfied that Vickers did this, then he murdered her during the commission of a theft." Vickers was convicted and sentenced to death. He appealed his conviction, arguing that there was no "malice aforethought" in the killing, but the Court of Appeal rejected his arguments. According to Lord Goddard, "[malice aforethought] has always been defined in English law as either an express intention to kill...or implied where, by a voluntary act, the accused intended to cause grievous bodily harm to the victim, and the victim died as the result." Vickers was executed by Harry Allen at HM Prison Durham on 23 July 1957.
# Chen Wenlong

Chen Wenlong (traditional Chinese: 陳文龍; simplified Chinese: 陈文龙, 9 March 1232 – 17 January 1277) was a scholar-general in the last years of the Southern Song dynasty and early Yuan dynasty. He became the city god of Fuzhou and Putian.

## Biography

Chen was born on 9 March 1232 (the 16th Day of Lunar 2 Month) in Yuhu Village, Putian, Fujian province (modern Licheng District, Putian). He passed local examination in 1251, and was selected into Taixue in 1256. In 1268, he participated in examinations in the capital, during which he was personally awarded first rank by the Emperor Duzong. Jia Sidao, who was the chancellor at that time, appreciated his talent for literary grace. Chen was later sent to Fuzhou, Jiangxi.
Soon after his loose power, the Yuan army invaded the Song empire and within a short period, the whole empire entered a chaotic situation. Emperor Gong had to surrender to the Yuan. Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie escaped to Fujian and installed Duanzong as the new emperor in 1275. Chen was summoned back to Fujian, and was ordered to stay guard at Fuzhou, the provisional capital at that time. The Yuan army marched into Fujian in the next year, Duanzong was forced to flee to Guangzhou, leaving Chen to resist in Fujian. Chen came to his homeland to recruit. He resisted in Xinghua (modern Putian) for two years. Later, he was captured and handed over to the Yuan. He refused to consider the thought of a surrender. He was taken to Dadu (modern Beijing). In the middle of the way, he starved and died in Hangzhou in the same year. His uncle Chen Zan (陳瓚) continued his career safeguarding Fuzhou.
Chen Wenlong and Chen Zan were posthumously appointed as the City God of Fuzhou and Putian respectively during the Ming dynasty. Chen Wenlong was posthumously given the title Shuibu Shangshu (水部尚書, "Secretary of Water Affairs"), and later Zhen Hai Wang (鎮海王, "Prince of Guard Oceans") by Chinese court. Chen was also regarded as one of oceanic deities in Fuzhou and Putian. He was called Shuang Zhong (雙忠, "two loyalists") together with his uncle Chen Zan by Putianese, while Fuzhounese call him Shangshu Gong (尚書公, "Duke Secretary").
# Cerion disforme

Cerion disforme is a species of terrestrial gastropod in the family Cerionidae. The nominal subspecies of C. disforme is endemic to various parapatric microhabitats associated with karst rocks and xerophytic palms and evergreen forest. C. disforme nodali however occurs in small dunes littered with rocky substrates, and also shares the evergreen forest ecotone with the nominal subspecies, in which it is found on leaves and branches. Despite sharing ecotones and various habits, there has been a significant divergence and speciation among the Holguín cerionids- within the vicinity of Morales Beach and Punta Manolito in the Ramón de Antillo Peninsula there is one of the greatest concentrations of Cerion diversity in the Caribbean.

## Distribution

Endemic to beaches in Holguín Province, Cuba.
# Jack Fina

Jack Fina (August 13, 1913 – May 14, 1970) was a bandleader, songwriter, and pianist.
Fina was born in Passaic, New Jersey, and educated at the New York College of Music and was a student of August Fraemcke and Elsa Nicilini. He started out playing piano in Clyde McCoy's band sometime in the 1930s, but it wasn't until he joined Freddy Martin’s band in 1936 that he gained real fame, when he was featured on Martin’s famous recording of "Tonight We Love".
In 1946, Jack Fina formed his own 16-piece band, with Freddy Martin's blessing and financial backing. His first appearance was at the Claremont Hotel. The vocals were handled by Harry Prime and Gil Lewis. With good air time and good recordings, Fina became a national figure. Following up on the success of "Tonight We Love," Fina again turned to the classics and composed a boogie-woogie variation on Rimsky-Korsakov's "Flight of the Bumblebee." Fina's version, "Bumble Boogie", became a huge hit; Fina performed it as a solo piano specialty in the 1946 Columbia Pictures musical It's Great to Be Young.
Fina appeared at some of the top venues in the country, including the Waldorf-Astoria, the Aragon Ballroom, and the famous illegal gambling casino/night club in Galveston, the Balinese Room. He also appeared in several films, including Melody Time (Bumble Boogie sequence, 1948) and Disc Jockey (1951). A noted songwriter, his credits included Dream Sonata (his theme song), Chango and Piano Portraits.
In the 1950s, he reduced the size of his band and settled in San Francisco. He also operated a talent agency called the Concerto Music & Entertainment Agency with his manager Al King. In the early 1960s he appeared as a single on Dick Sinclair’s television show. In 1962 Fina joined the staff of the Beverly Hills Hotel in Sherman Oaks, California, where he led a small band for eight successful years. The engagement was curtailed by his death at age 56, from a heart attack. He is buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery, Hollywood Hills.
# CAPES

CAPES or Capes may refer to:

## People

* Adrian Capes (1873–1955), English footballer
* Arthur Capes (1875–1945), English footballer
* Bernard Capes (1854–1918), English author
* Geoff Capes (born 1949), British strongman and shot putter
* Jack Capes (1898–1933), English hockey player and cricketer
* Peter Capes (born 1962), Australian businessman and former cricketer

## CAPES

* Certificat d'aptitude au professorat de l'enseignement du second degré, a diploma in France
* Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, a major research funding agency in Brazil

## Other uses

* Capes (role-playing game), a pen-and-paper role-playing game
* Capes Lake, British Columbia, Canada
# Bellona (1799 ship)

Bellona was launched at Lancaster in 1799. She was a West Indiaman that made one voyage as a whaler. She disappeared in 1809 as she was returning to England from Jamaica.

## Career

Bellona first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1799 with W.Croft, master, Stuart, owner, and trade Lancaster–Barbados. Captain William Croft acquired a letter of marque on 14 December 1799.
The Register of Shipping for 1804 showed Bellona with Munro, master, Hill, owner, and trade London–Southern Fishery.
Captain Mark Monro received a letter of marque on 7 July 1803. Captain Mark Monro (or Munro, or Monroe), sailed from England on 20 July 1803, bound for the Isle of Desolation. Bellona engaged in whaling and seal hunting in 1803–1804 and was reported to have been "all well" in February 1804. Bellona returned on 10 July 1804.
The Register of Shipping for 1806 showed Bellona's master changing from M.Munro to J.Thompson, her owner from J.Hill to "Captain", and her trade from Southern Fishery to London–Jamaica. Later issues of LR and RS gave the name of her owner as Auldjo.

## Loss

Bellona, Thompson, master, was one of three ships that had left Jamaica on 27 July 1809 in a convoy and that were last heard from on 27 August 1809. When the convoy, under the escort of HMS Favorite, encountered a hurricane, the three ships had separated from the convoy.
# Jobus Fincelius

Job (Jobus, Iobus) Fincelius (died 1582) was a 16th-century humanist and physician. Born Hiob Fincel (or Finzel), he studied at Erfurt, Jena, and Wittenberg before becoming a master of philosophy at Wittenberg (1549). In 1562, he was professor and assistant of medicine at Weimar. In 1568, he was a physician at Zwickau.
His De miraculis sui temporis (1556) (Latin "Concerning the Wonders of his Times"; in German Warhafftige beschreybung und gründlich verzeichnuß schröcklicher Wunderzeichen und Geschichten) contains the oldest printed tale of the Hameln Pied Piper. It was printed in Frankfurt in 1556. Fincelius identified the Pied Piper with the Devil.
In Book XI. of his De mirabilibus, Fincelius also touches on the myth of the werewolf and relates the story of a farmer of Pavia, who, as a wolf, fell upon many men in the open country and tore them to pieces.
# Contarini Madonna

The Contarini Madonna (Italian: Madonna Contarini) is an oil painting by the Italian Renaissance master Giovanni Bellini, dating from c. 1475–1480 now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice.

## Description

The painting shows the Madonna holding Jesus who stands on a parapet in the foreground. Below is a cartouche with the artist's signature, IOANNES BELLINVS. The blessing Child has similar features to that in the San Giobbe Altarpiece, dating to the same decade or a few years later. His icon-like staring appearance recalls the Byzantine painting, which was one of the roots of the Venetian painting school.
The background is formed by a soft landscape, with hills and a city with towers.
# James Down

James Down (born 29 August 1987) is a rugby union player for the Russian club Lokomotiv Penza. His position of choice is second row.
On 23 July 2014, Down moved to England to join London Welsh in the Aviva Premiership from the 2014–15 season. but returned to Cardiff in the following season.
# Cerion nanus

Cerion nanus is a species of medium-sized air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod in the family Cerionidae. eEcology== This species is endemic to the island of Little Cayman, Cayman Islands in the Caribbean Sea, where it is found among Evolvulus arbuscula and E. squamosum plants, which grow in this coastal dry limestone shrub. Shells were found in 1975 at three sites, encompassing a total area of 35,000 m$^2$ surrounding the North Shore Track. It is sympatric throughout its range with Cerion pannosum, a species with a much larger distribution and shell-size, which has probably ecologically replaced C. nanus. However, this replacement has not yet occurred, suggesting that this species may have never had a larger population. Currently several small populations exist along the Spot Bay Road in numbers far larger than originally suspected. C. nanus can be identified by the color of their shells, which are grayish or white, and emerge from their hibernation during rainy days but are difficult to identify during dry weather.
# Chang graphs

In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Chang graphs are three 12-regular undirected graphs, each with 28 vertices and 168 edges. They are strongly regular, with the same parameters and spectrum as the line graph L(K$_8$) of the complete graph K$_8$.
Each of these three graphs may be obtained by graph switching from L(K$_8$). That is, a subset S of the vertices of L(K$_8$) is chosen, each edge that connects a vertex in S with a vertex not in S is deleted from L(K$_8$), and an edge is added for each pair of vertices (with again one in S and one not in S) that were not already connected by an edge. Among the graphs that can be generated in this way, three of them are the Chang graphs.
The Chang graphs are named after Chang Li-Chien, who proved that, with only these exceptions, every line graph of a complete graph is uniquely determined by its parameters as a strongly regular graph.
# High-Definition Versatile Disc

High-Definition Versatile Disc (HVD) is an Asian standard of advanced high-definition technology originally developed in China by AMLogic Inc., for high-definition video. The format supports 720p, 1080i, or 1080p video on version 1 discs. Version 2 of the format added high-resolution beyond the standard fare of HD for use on non-TV monitors that support higher resolutions, up to 1080p.
A modified MPEG-2 MP@HL video-codec is used and the format supports audio encoded in Dolby AC3, DTS, Dolby Digital EX, DTS ES, and Prologic 2 audio formats.
All HVDs use standard DVD discs. While the format is referred to as the HVD acronym, it has no relation to the Holographic Versatile Disc format that came along later and utilised the same acronym. There are only a few DVD players which support this format. Nero Showtime, Media Player Classic, PowerDVD, VLC media player, and XBMC are the few known software packages to handle the format as the MPEG2 files are non-standard. Though popular in China, the format, much like VCD, has had little acceptance outside Asia and discs are rarely found for sale outside Asia.
# COVID-19 vaccination in Chad

COVID-19 vaccination in Chad is an ongoing immunisation campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country.
Chad began its vaccination program on 4 June 2021, initially after receiving 200,000 doses of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine donated by China. As of 10 June 2021, 5,324 doses have been administered.

## History
### Timeline
#### June 2021

Vaccinations started on 4 June, initially with 200,000 doses of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine donated by China. By the end of the month 11,390 doses had been administered.

#### July 2021

By the end of the month 26,511 doses had been administered.

#### August 2021

By the end of the month 51,697 doses had been administered.

#### September 2021

By the end of the month 130,369 doses had been administered.

#### October 2021

By the end of the month 224,180 doses had been administered while 1% of the target population had been fully vaccinated.

#### November 2021

By the end of the month 258,618 doses had been administered while 1% of the target population had been fully vaccinated.

#### December 2021

By the end of the month 330,522 doses had been administered while 1% of the target population had been fully vaccinated.

#### January 2022

By the end of the month 392,157 doses had been administered while 2% of the target population had been fully vaccinated.

#### February 2022

By the end of the month 412,309 doses had been administered while 147,640 persons had been fully vaccinated.

#### March 2022

By the end of the month 1,640,446 doses had been administered while 755,755 persons had been fully vaccinated.

#### April 2022

By the end of the month 2,347,168 doses had been administered while 2,087,559 persons had been fully vaccinated.

## Progress

Cumulative vaccinations in Chad
# Jakob Ragaz

Jakob Ragaz (29 September 1846 – 27 May 1922) was a Swiss architect. He is best known for his work on a series of "grand hotels" built in connection with the Swiss tourism boom during the second half of the nineteenth century.

## Life

Jakob Ragaz was born into a family of craftsmen in Tamins, a village in the canton of Grisons, located a short distance to the west of Chur and close to the point where the "Hinterrhein" and "Vorderrhein" rivers join together and become the River Rhine. He attended the cantonal secondary school ("Scola chantunala grischuna") in Chur and then moved on to study at polytechnical academies in Stuttgart and Munich. As a newly trained architect he received his first commission in the Engadin valley, where his father, Linhard Ragaz, had been employed as a carpenter in the 1840s. He took on project management for construction of the "Hotel Bernina" in Samedan, which the architect Johann Jakob Breitinger had abandoned in order to focus on a city planning scheme in his home city of Zürich.
The Engadin valley was the focus of a construction surge. The growth in tourism reflected the rapid development of a newly prosperous middle class produced by dynamic industrial expansion in Germany and Britain. The resulting surge in building contracts led Ragaz to settle in Samedan where, together with his younger brother Georg Ragaz (1857–1909), he founded a building firm. Georg, as a master carpenter, took charge of the practical construction work while Jakob, trained as an architect, focused on design.
Jakob Ragaz had a major influence on the rapid evolution of Pontresina from a farming village to a spa and tourism resort, with a succession of hotels and villas constructed between 1870 and 1890. Major commissions included the Hotel Saratz (today part of the Sporthotel Pontresina complex), Languard and Enderlin along with the Villas Ludwig and Gredig. During the 1890s most of the Pontresina hotels were expanded in response to competition from neighbouring resorts – notably St. Moritz – and rising customer demand. The styles adopted were increasingly flamboyant manifestations of Neo-Baroque and Neo-Renaissance. Of particular note is the expansion of the Hotel Kronenhof between 1896 and 1898 to its present "horseshoe-shaped three-winged" configuration.
His brother Georg died in 1909 after which the building business was taken over by the Samedan firm, "Koch, Vonesch & Co". Jakob Ragaz went back to Tamins where he died in 1922.
His papers are held by the Cantonal Archive in Chur.