OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Agata Smoktunowicz

Agata Smoktunowicz FRSE (born 12 October 1973) is a Polish mathematician who works as a professor at the University of Edinburgh. Her research is in abstract algebra.

## Contributions

Smoktunowicz's contributions to mathematics include constructing noncommutative nil rings, solving a "famous problem" formulated in 1970 by Irving Kaplansky. She proved the Artin–Stafford gap conjecture according to which the Gelfand–Kirillov dimension of a graded domain cannot fall within the open interval (2,3). She also found an example of a nil ideal of a ring R that does not lift to a nil ideal of the polynomial ring R[X], disproving a conjecture of Amitsur and hinting that the Köthe conjecture might be false.

## Awards and honours

Smoktunowicz was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2006. She won the Whitehead Prize of the London Mathematical Society in 2006, the European Mathematical Society Prize in 2008, and the Sir Edmund Whittaker Memorial Prize of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society in 2009. In 2009, she was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and in 2012, she became one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society. She also won the Polish Academy of Sciences annual research prize in 2018. She was awarded the Senior Whitehead Prize of the London Mathematical Society in 2023.

## Education and career

Smoktunowicz earned a master's degree from the University of Warsaw in 1997, a PhD in 1999 from the Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and a habilitation in 2007, again from the Polish Academy of Sciences. After temporary positions at Yale University and the University of California, San Diego, she joined the University of Edinburgh in 2005, and was promoted to professor there in 2007.

## Selected publications

* Smoktunowicz, Agata (2000), "Polynomial rings over nil rings need not be nil", Journal of Algebra, 233 (2): 427–436, doi:10.1006/jabr.2000.8451, MR 1793911.
* Huh, Chan; Lee, Yang; Smoktunowicz, Agata (2002), "Armendariz rings and semicommutative rings", Communications in Algebra, 30 (2): 751–761, doi:10.1081/AGB-120013179, MR 1883022, S2CID 121438679.
* Smoktunowicz, Agata (2002), "A simple nil ring exists", Communications in Algebra, 30 (1): 27–59, doi:10.1081/AGB-120006478, MR 1880660, S2CID 121093658.
* Smoktunowicz, Agata (2006), "There are no graded domains with GK dimension strictly between 2 and 3", Inventiones Mathematicae, 164 (3): 635–640, Bibcode:2006InMat.164..635S, doi:10.1007/s00222-005-0489-1, MR 2221134, S2CID 119680902.
# 2004 CHA men's ice hockey tournament

The 2004 CHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 12 and March 14, 2004 at Tri-City Arena in Kearney, Nebraska. By winning the tournament, Niagara received College Hockey America's automatic bid to the 2004 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

## Format

The tournament featured six teams. The top two teams from the regular season received byes to the semifinals where they played the winners from the quarterfinal games. The two semifinal winners met in the championship game on March 14, 2004, with the winner receiving an automatic bid to the 2004 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

### Conference standings

Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; PTS = Points; GF = Goals For; GA = Goals Against
2003–04 College Hockey America standingsvte :
| | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| | GP | W | L | T | PTS | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| Bemidji State† | 20 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 33 | 90 | 48 | 36 | 20 | 13 | 3 | 131 | 94 |
| Niagara* | 20 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 28 | 72 | 52 | 39 | 21 | 15 | 3 | 124 | 120 |
| Alabama–Huntsville | 20 | 10 | 9 | 1 | 21 | 65 | 60 | 31 | 11 | 16 | 4 | 92 | 94 |
| Findlay | 20 | 7 | 11 | 2 | 16 | 58 | 60 | 38 | 11 | 22 | 5 | 95 | 114 |
| Air Force | 20 | 6 | 13 | 1 | 13 | 49 | 78 | 37 | 14 | 21 | 2 | 101 | 131 |
| Wayne State | 20 | 4 | 15 | 1 | 9 | 44 | 80 | 36 | 9 | 24 | 3 | 83 | 144 |
| Championship: Niagara † indicates conference regular season champion * indicates conference tournament champion Final rankings: USA Today/USA Hockey Magazine Top 15 Poll |||||||||||||||

## Bracket

| Quarterfinal March 12, 2004 | Quarterfinal March 12, 2004 | Quarterfinal March 12, 2004 | Semifinals March 13, 2004 | Semifinals March 13, 2004 | Semifinals March 13, 2004 | Championship March 14, 2004 | Championship March 14, 2004 | Championship March 14, 2004 |
| | | | 1 | Bemidji State | 6 | | | |
| 4 | Findlay | 9 | 4 | Findlay | 2 | | | |
| 5 | Air Force | 1 | | | | 1 | Bemidji State | 3 |
| | | | | | | 2 | Niagara | 4* |
| | | | 2 | Niagara | 2 | | | |
| 3 | Alabama-Huntsville | 3 | 6 | Wayne State | 1 | | | |
| 6 | Wayne State | 5 | | | | | | |
Note: * denotes overtime period(s)

## Tournament awards
### All-Star team

* Goaltender: Matt Kelly (Wayne State)
* Defensemen: John Haider (Bemidji State), Andrew Lackner (Niagara)
* Forwards: Aaron Clarke (Niagara), Billy Collins (Wayne State), Kris Wiebe (Findlay)

### MVP

* Jeff Van Nynatten (Niagara)
# Epiecia

Epiecia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Epiecia externella, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
# Anjou

Anjou may refer to:

## Geography and titles
### France

* County of Anjou, a historical county in France and predecessor of the Duchy of Anjou
** Count of Anjou, title of nobility
* Duchy of Anjou, a historical duchy and later a province of France
** Duke of Anjou, title of nobility
* Anjou, Isère, a commune

### Other countries

* Anjou, Quebec, Canada, a borough of Montreal
** Anjou (electoral district)
* Anjou Islands, a group of the New Siberian Islands

## Food

* Anjou (grape), another name for the French wine grape Chenin blanc
* Anjou wine, a wine region in the Loire Valley
* D'Anjou or Anjou pear

## Other uses

* Anjou (ship), wrecked in 1905
# Altenwalde

Altenwalde is a village in the town of Cuxhaven in Lower Saxony.
Altenwalde was first mentioned in 1282 as Wolde.
On July 1, 1972, Altenwalde was incorporated into Cuxhaven.

## Twin towns

* Saint-Avé, France
# Agelanthus longipes

Agelanthus longipes is a species of hemiparasitic plant in the family Loranthaceae, which is found in the Tanzania, Mozambique and Kenya.

## Description

A description of the plant is given in Govaerts et al., based on Polhill & Wiens (2006).

## Habitat/ecology

A. longipes is found in lowland forests, Acacia woodland and coastal thickets. There is no information about the hosts.

## Threats

Its coastal habitat is under threat from habitat conversion for agriculture, tourism infrastructure and urban expansion. In addition, Tanzanian forest reserves lack effective protection.
# Edd Ashe

Edd Ashe, born Edmund Marion Ashe Jr., (August 11, 1908 – September 4, 1986) was a creator of comic strips and a comic book artist in the United States. He wrote the strip Guy Fortune that ran in the Pittsburgh Courier from August 19, 1950, until October 22, 1955. He also illustrated The American Weekly.
He was born in Norwalk, Connecticut. His father was an artist and head of Carnegie Tech's art department.
He was a white Golden Age comic book artist. He and Nathaniel Nitkin created Bomber Burns.
His second marriage was to Beatrice Bishop in 1941. She was the daughter of a prominent hotelier on Long Island and died February 8, 1983.

## Guy Fortune

The Guy Fortune comic strip was about a secret agent who was African American. It was pioneering. A 1955 strip features Fortune in Pakistan teaching a young prince baseball.
# Dinosaur (band)

Dinosaur are a British jazz quartet founded in 2010. The band comprises Laura Jurd on trumpet and synthesizers, Elliot Galvin on keyboards and synthesizers, Corrie Dick on drums, and Conor Chaplin on bass.

## History

Jurd composes the band's music and has described it as "Trumpet-led instrumental music" though they are often described as "jazz", having appeared at jazz festivals and on the BBC Radio 3 Jazz Now programme. The group formed around 2010, and adopted the name Dinosaur in 2016. Dinosaur were nominated for UK Jazz Artist Of The Year 2017 by Jazz FM. In July 2017, the band's debut album, Together, As One, was nominated for the Mercury Prize.

## Discography

* Together, As One (16 September 2016, Edition Records)
* Wonder Trail (4 May 2018, Edition Records)
* To The Earth (15 May 2020, Edition Records)

## Related projects

Galvin and Dick have also performed together in 2017 with Tom McCredie as the Elliot Galvin Trio; the group performed under this name at the Cheltenham Jazz Festival in 2017. Jurd is a member of BBC Radio 3's New Generation Artists.
# Atractus caete

Atractus caete is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Brazil.
# Arthur Tonkin

Arthur Tonkin may refer to:
* Arthur Tonkin (politician) (1930–2022), Western Australian politician
* Arthur Tonkin (rugby union) (1922–1991), Australian rugby union player
# Anne Daly

Anne Daly or Mother Mary Berchmans (28 May 1860 – 4 March 1924) was an Irish-Australian superior general of the Sisters of Charity of Australia and founded numerous hospitals in Australia, as well as being active in education.

## Early life

Anne Daly was born in Tipperary on 28 May 1860. Her parents were John, a blacksmith, and Mary Daly (née Cleary). She had 8 siblings. The family emigrated to Australia in 1865, settling in Jembaicumbene near Braidwood, New South Wales. Daly was privately educated at home. She applied to the Department of Public Instruction in May 1877, and was appointed an assistant at Braidwood Catholic School. After further training she taught at Newtown Girls’ School, Grafton Primary, and St Mary's Cathedral Girls' School, Sydney.

## Career

St Mary's Cathedral Girls’ School was run by the Sisters of Charity, and on 28 May 1881 she entered their congregation at St Vincent's, Potts Point. She received the habit on 22 October 1881, professing on 3 January 1884 as Sister Mary Berchmans. She taught at St Mary's until December 1888, when she was appointed to the Sisters' congregation in Melbourne where she ran St Patrick's School, Victoria Parade. She became superior of the Melbourne convent in 1892, with responsibility for St Patrick's and four other primary schools founded by the Sisters between 1891 and 1897.
The Melbourne convent moved into hospital care in 1893, opening a seven-bed St Vincent's Hospital for the sick poor of the inner city. Daly was the rectress of the hospital, a position she held for the next 30 years. The hospital grew quickly under her leadership, receiving government funding from 1903, and had 120 beds by 1905. She established a nurses' training school affiliated to the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Association in 1903, and then in 1910, St Vincent's Clinical School, associated with the University of Melbourne. In 1913 she founded Mount St Evins, a private hospital. From 1911, Daly was involved in the process for the beatification of Mother Mary Aikenhead.
She also, in 1898, bought the land on which the Catholic Ladies College was built three years later.
She was elected superior general of the Australian congregation in 1920, and returned to Sydney. In 1920 she oversaw the foundation of a hospital in Queensland, two further hospitals in New South Wales, and a clinical school at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney.

## Death and legacy

Daly died on 4 March 1924 in St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, and was buried at Rookwood Cemetery, Sydney. In August 1935, a bronze bust of Daly by Paul Raphael Montford was unveiled in commemoration of her foundation of St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, with the hospital opening of the Berchmans Daly wing in October 1960.
# 1601 in Belgium

Events in the year 1601 in the Spanish Netherlands and Prince-bishopric of Liège (predecessor states of modern Belgium).

## Incumbents
### Habsburg Netherlands

    Sovereigns – Archdukes Albert and Isabella

### Prince-Bishopric of Liège

    Prince-Bishop – Ernest of Bavaria

## Events

* Mark de Cooman and Frank van der Planken establish a tapestry manufactory in Oudenaarde.

### January

* 16 January – New regulations for trading on the Antwerp Exchange decreed.

### March

* 20 March – New regulations on distilleries for brandy and aqua vitae decreed.

### April

* 13 April – Export prohibition for saltpetre and gunpowder.

### June

* 12 June – Maurice of Nassau lays siege to Rheinberg.

### July

* 4 July – Archduke Albert applies to the States of Flanders, in session in Bruges, for a "half hundredth penny" (a tax of 0.5%) to finance the Siege of Ostend.$^{:82}$
* 5 July – Siege of Ostend begins.
* 10 July – Archduke Albert personally leads an assault on the defences of Ostend.$^{:83}$
* 15 July – Sir Francis Vere arrives in Ostend with reinforcements.$^{:83}$

### August

* 16 August – High tides at Ostend flood trenches.$^{:86}$

### November

* 2 November – Maurice of Nassau lays siege to 's-Hertogenbosch.
* 22 November – Maurice of Nassau abandons the siege of 's-Hertogenbosch.

## Publications

* Verhael van een tsamen-sprekinge, gehouden tusschen een courtisan oft hovelinck ende een borgere, nopende den tegenwoordighen staet van Nederlant (Leuven, Joannes Masius)
* Etienne Du Tronchet, Lettres missives et familières, avec le monologue de la Providence Divine au peuple français (Douai, Jean Bogard)
* Franciscus Costerus, Catholijcke sermoonen, op de evangelien der sondaghen vanden advent to den vasten (Antwerp, no address)
* Henricus van Cuyck, Speculum concubinariorum (Leuven, Joannes Masius)
* Justus Lipsius, Epistolarum selectarum centuria singularis ad Italos & Hispanos (Antwerp, Plantin Press)
* Justus Lipsius, Epistolarum selectarum III. centuriae (Antwerp, Plantin Press)
* Nicolas de Montmorency, Spiritualis dulcedo quatuor libris (Leuven, Gerard Rivius)
* Antonio Ortiz, A relation of the solemnetie wherewith the Catholike princes K. Phillip the III. and Quene Margaret were receyued in the Inglish Colledge of Valladolid the 22. of August, 1600, translated by Francis Rivers (Antwerp, Arnout Coninx)
* Andres de Soto, Contemplacion del crucifixo, y consideraciones de Christo crucificado (Antwerp, Plantin Press)

## Births

* 13 September – Jan Brueghel the Younger, painter (died 1678)

### date uncertain

* Nicolas de Liemaker, painter (died 1646)
* Frans Ykens, painter (died 1693)

## Deaths

* 10 May – Hans van Steenwinckel the Elder (born c. 1550), architect
* 24 July – Joris Hoefnagel (born 1542), printmaker

### date uncertain

* Jacobus Typotius (born 1540), humanist
# Axis & Allies (disambiguation)

Axis & Allies is a franchise series of World War II strategy board games.
Axis & Allies or Axis and Allies may also refer to:
* Axis & Allies Miniatures
* Axis & Allies: Pacific
* Axis & Allies: Pacific 1940
* Axis & Allies: Europe
* Axis & Allies: Europe 1940
* Axis & Allies: D-Day
* Axis & Allies: Guadalcanal
* Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge
* Axis & Allies (1998 video game)
* Axis & Allies (2004 video game)
# Erigeron yukonensis

Erigeron yukonensis is a rare Arctic species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Yukon fleabane. It is native to the northwestern corner of North America: Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories.
Erigeron yukonensis grows in rocky slopes and meadows, usually above the tree line. It is a branching perennial herb up to 40 centimeters (16 inches) tall, producing a taproot and a woody underground caudex. It generally produces 1-4 flower heads per stem. Each head contains 42–82 pink, purple, or white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.
# Ataxin

Ataxin is a type of nuclear protein. The class is called ataxin because mutated forms of these proteins and their corresponding genes were found to cause progressive ataxia.
Some examples, their coding genes and associated diseases include:$^{:6}$
* Ataxin 1, coded by ATXN1. Mutants of ataxin 1 with a polyglutamine expansion cause SCA1.
* Ataxin 2, coded by ATXN2. It is known to cause SCA2 with polyglutamine expansion.
* Ataxin 3, coded by ATXN3. Machado-Joseph disease is caused by polyglutamine expansions in ataxin 3.
* Ataxin 7, coded by ATXN7. Polyglutamine expansions in Ataxin 7 cause SCA7.
* Ataxin 8, coded by ATXN8. Ataxin 8 does not cause an ataxic order, but a gene on the opposite strand, ATXN8OS, causes Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 with CTG expansion.
* Ataxin 10, coded by ATXN10. It is associated with the pentanucleotide disorder, SCA10.
* Frataxin, follows a similar naming convention and is coded by the FXN gene. GAA repeat expansions in a non-coding region of FXN cause Friedreich's ataxia when both copies of the gene are affected.
# Eco-Kashrut

Eco-Kashrut, also called the Eco-Kosher movement, is a movement to extend the Kashrut system, or Jewish dietary laws, to address modern environmental, social, and ethical issues, and promote sustainability.
This movement began in the 1970s among American Reconstructionist Jews, and eco-kashrut or eco-kosher approaches enjoyed a resurgence in the 1990s with the work of Reconstructionist rabbi, author, and activist Arthur Waskow. A third wave of the eco-kashrut or eco-kosher movement began in the mid-2000s, spurred on in part by a series of kosher production facility scandals.

## History

Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, a founder of the Jewish Renewal Movement, is credited with coining and developing eco-kashrut in the late 1970s. He articulated eco-kashrut as an evolving set of practices that extend beyond traditional kashrut by taking the human and environmental costs of food production and consumption into account when deciding what to eat or not eat.

## Contemporary movement

More recently the movement has been championed by other Kosher-keeping Jews who strive to eat only food that has been ethically and sustainably produced, and ideally, locally sourced. Eco-Kashrut also finds expression in the sharing of sustainable shabbat meals.
Eco-Kashrut is connected with Magen Tzedek ("Shield of Justice"), an additional certification for food advocated by the Rabbinical Assembly and others within the Conservative movement that aims to address health, safety, and other labor issues in food production. Amid opposition from the Orthodox movement, no products have been certified to carry the seal as of August 2017.
# Dipsas georgejetti

Dipsas georgejetti, George Jett's snail-eater, is a non-venomous snake found in Ecuador.
# Atractus clarki

Atractus clarki, Clark's ground snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Panama and Colombia. It is oviparous.
# Arthur Tooth & Sons

Arthur Tooth & Sons was an art gallery founded in London, England, in 1842 by Charles Tooth (1788–1868).

## History

Tooth established the gallery for his son, Arthur Tooth (1828–1900). The gallery remained in the Tooth family until its closure in the 1970s after the death of Dudley Tooth (Charles' great-grandson). Arthur Tooth & Sons, while a relatively small business, established a major presence in the commercial art market from the 1870s onwards. The Tooth gallery supplied industrial magnate Henry Clay Frick with works by Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Jean-François Raffaëlli, J. M. W. Turner, Frits Thaulow, Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret, and Rembrandt.
Initially, the gallery focused on paintings by 18th and 19th century British artists, but expanded in the 1880s to include contemporary paintings and the occasional works by Old Masters. Rather than selling well-known artworks, Arthur Tooth & Sons concentrated on a steady stream of popular contemporary artists and commodity-like artworks. Operating as a kind of patron or agent for these artists, Tooth commissioning works, which were also reproduced in photogravures. The gallery's stock was selected on the notion that the "aura" of more established art would rub off on and validate newer products. Arthur Tooth & Sons operated within a network of approximately thirty art dealers in the London area who were responsible for the establishment of a number of Victorian painters within the commercial art market.
Arthur Tooth was particularly successful in the sale of photogravures of Pre-Raphaelite and other works and dominated the market in this field. Reproductive prints have been called the "cash cow" of the Victorian Art Market, and proved lucrative to Arthur Tooth.
The 19th century saw an increased number of middlemen operating between artists and consumers in the art market. Arthur Tooth & Sons' business model can be seen as typical of these new firms. In the early 20th century, Arthur Tooth & Sons held branches in London, New York and Paris. The firm followed emerging strategies to ensure reputability, such as establishing international branches and naming galleries after individual dealers. The New York subsidiary branch closed in 1924.
In the mid 1920s, Dudley Tooth (1896–1972) took up leadership of Arthur Tooth & Sons and rebranded the gallery, expanding within the pool of contemporary artists and further promoting artists by regularly hosting a solo show of each artist’s work every two and a half years.
The gallery closed in the mid 1970s.
# Eagle (comics)

Eagle, in comics, may refer to:
* Eagle (British comics), a British children's comic from the 1950s and 1960s, revived in the 1980s
* Eagle Comics, a US publisher of comic books reprinting 2000 AD stories
* Eagle (Wildstorm), a Wildstorm character from the series Red Menace
* Eagle, another Wildstorm character from the series Wildsiderz
* Eagle Award (comics), a British comic award also known simply as an Eagle
* Eagle: The Making of an Asian-American President, a manga by Kaiji Kawaguchi
* Richard Eagle, main character of the title Eagle, a black-and-white futuristic and mystical comic series, published by Crystal Comics then Apple Comics
It may also refer to:
* American Eagle (comics), a number of characters
* Angry Eagle, a Marvel Comics character and member of the X-People
* Blue Eagle (comics), a superhero
* Eagleman (comics), a DC Comics character
* Eaglet, the sidekick of the Nedor Comics American Eagle
* Golden Eagle (comics), a DC Comics character
* Phantom Eagle, two characters from Fawcett and Marvel Comics
# 2009 American Express – TED Open

The 2009 American Express – TED open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey between 10 and 16 August 2009.

## Singles entrants
### Seeds

| Nationality | Player | Ranking* | Seeding |
| POR | Frederico Gil | 88 | 1 |
| SVK | Karol Beck | 100 | 2 |
| CRO | Roko Karanušić | 119 | 3 |
| GER | Florian Mayer | 130 | 4 |
| GER | Daniel Brands | 131 | 5 |
| SLO | Blaž Kavčič | 132 | 6 |
| FRA | Nicolas Mahut | 135 | 7 |
| AUT | Stefan Koubek | 148 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of August 3, 2009.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Haluk Akkoyun
* Grigor Dimitrov
* Korhan Ural Ateş
* Tugay Köylü
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Frederik Nielsen
* Filip Prpic
* Sebastian Rieschick
* Ludovic Walter

## Champions
### Singles

Illya Marchenko def. Florian Mayer, 6–4, 6–4

### Doubles

Frederico Gil / Filip Prpic def. Grigor Dimitrov / Marsel İlhan, 3–6, 6–2, [10–6]
# Against Henry, King of the English

Against Henry, King of the English, originally in Latin as Contra Henricum Regem Anglie, was a book written in 1522 by Martin Luther against Henry VIII of England. It was a response to Henry's book, Assertio septem sacramentorum. Thomas More then wrote Responsio ad Lutherum as a reply.
# Eddie Novak

Eddie Novak (August 3, 1897 – July 1984) was a professional American football player who played wide receiver for five seasons for the Rock Island Independents and Minneapolis Marines. He is credited for scoring the first touchdown in National Football League history.
# Dipsas chaparensis

Dipsas chaparensis is a non-venomous snake found in Bolivia.
# Atractus boulengerii

Atractus boulengerii is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Colombia.