OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cornelius Fredericks

Cornelius Fredericks (also: Frederiks) (died 16 February 1907) was a leader of the ǃAman (Bethanie Orlam), a subtribe of the Orlam people, in the southern area of German South-West Africa, today's Namibia. He was a rival Kaptein of the Bethanie Orlam, contesting the chieftaincy of Paul Fredericks. Among the Orlam people living in Bethanie, Cornelius had more followers, but Paul was the official leader who also had the support of the German colonial powers.
When the Herero and Namaqua War of 1904–1907 broke out, Fredericks was one of the indigenous leaders that actively fought a guerrilla-style war against the Germans. He often sided with Hendrik Witbooi, leader of the ǀKhowesin (Witbooi Orlam), and both were wanted for a 3,000 marks (ℳ) ransom. The German Schutztruppe kept the upper hand in the majority of battles and forced most Nama and Orlam groups to surrender. The group under Fredericks gave up on 3 March 1906.
On 9 September 1906, Cornelius Fredericks was imprisoned at Shark Island concentration camp in Lüderitz as part of a group of 1,795 Nama people, some of whom were decapitated and whose heads were sent to Germany for racial anthropological research. Most of them died in the icy wind due to malnutrition and neglect, their bodies were buried at low tide and soon washed into the ocean. Fredericks died on 16 February 1907. A memorial in his remembrance now stands on Shark Island.
Cornelius Fredericks's grandson David Frederick was chief of the !Aman Traditional Authority from 1977 until 2018. David Frederick, in January 2017 filed a class-action lawsuit against Germany on behalf of the Herero and Nama peoples in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The lawsuit, filed along with the Nama Traditional Authorities Association and the Herero Paramount Chief Advocate Vekuii Rukoro, was dismissed by the court in 2020 for a lack of jurisdiction.
# Joplin, Virginia

Joplin is an unincorporated community and former town in Prince William County, Virginia. The town was located on land taken to form Chopawamsic Recreational Demonstration Area and is now part of Prince William Forest Park, a National Park Service property located adjacent to Marine Corps Base Quantico. The remains of the town, now just a collection of homes, lies on a stretch of Va. 619, Joplin Road, about 3 miles west of Dumfries.
# Jortsku Cave Natural Monument

Jortsku Cave Natural Monument (Georgian: ჯორწყუს მღვიმე) is a karst cave located 5.5 km to the north of village Second Balda in Martvili Municipality in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia, 653 meters above sea level. Cave is on the left bank of Jortsku river, the tributary of Abasha river.

## Morphology

Jortsku Cave has two storey and maximum length of 276 m. Large entrance hallway leads to a meandering corridor, 3-5 m high and 4-5 m wide. Near the cave entrance ceiling collapsed in the past. Further inside, about 100 meters from the entrance, two branches emerges, one of which opens to the second floor with 30 m long hall. Stalactites are predominant feature of Jortsku Cave, but a few stalagmites also can be seen. 3.5 to 4 m thick plastic clay is in abundance in the cave hall. The stream flows into the cave, than joins the second stream, and after 15 m passes through to emerge as a spring on the left bank of the Jortsku river. The temperature in the entrance part of the cave is 18°C, gradually dropping to 11.5°C in the last section of the cave.

## Paleontological findings

Paleontological findings established presence of cave dwellers in an ancient past. Bones of cave bears, lynx, and other animals also has been found in the cave.
# Joseph Blasi

Joseph R. Blasi is an American economic sociologist, currently a Distinguished Professor and the J. Robert Beyster Professor at Rutgers School of Management and Labor Relations. He graduated with an Ed.D. from Harvard University.

## Publications

Books by Blasi include:
* The Citizen's Share: Reducing Inequality in the 21st Century (Yale University Press, 2013, with Richard Freeman and Douglas Kruse)
* Shared Capitalism at Work (University of Chicago Press, 2010, with Douglas Kruse and Richard Freeman)
* In The Company of Owners (Basic Books, 2003, with Douglas Kruse and Aaron Bernstein)
* The New Owners (HarperCollins, 1991, with Douglas Kruse)
* Employee Ownership (Harper and Row, 1988)
* A Working Nation (Russell Sage Foundation, 2000, with various co-authors)
# Josef Ekberg

Josef Ekberg (February 18, 1877 – December 7, 1945) was a Swedish designer who worked at the Gustavsberg Porcelain Factory from 1889 to 1917. He is known for his contributions to the Swedish Grace art movement.
Ekberg was born in Värmdö, Sweden. At age twelve, Ekberg began working in the Gustavsberg Porcelain Factory, where his father Bernhard had worked as a painter. He started out as a helper in the factory and eventually progressed to the post of a painter. His earliest works were wall decorations and bread dishes that featured simple landscape motifs.
Ekberg befriended his mentor Gunnar Wennerberg during his time in Gustavsberg. In 1898, the two successfully developed a modern take on the sgraffito technique, which involves applying two layers of contrasting glaze to an unfired piece and then carefully carving designs into the surface to reveal the inner layer. The resulting work would then have a finishing glaze applied before being fired. Several of Ekberg's works were shown at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. This caught the attention and admiration of factory owner Wilhelm Odelberg, who decided to have the factory mass-produce sgraffito-decorated pottery. Most of Ekberg's pottery was decorated using either the sgraffito technique or with a luster glaze. His designs usually included vines, flowers, and other organic imagery.
In 1908, Wennerberg left Gustavsberg and Ekberg became the lead artistic director and ceramic designer. His works were displayed at the Stockholm Exhibition of 1909 and in the Swedish industrial pavilion at the Baltic Exhibition of 1914 in Malmö. He held his role until 1917, when he stepped down and appointed Wilhelm Kåge the position. Kåge would go on to create some of his most notable ceramic works at Gustavsberg.
After Ekberg's death, a street was named in his honor. Josef Ekbergs Gränd (Josef Ekberg's Alley) is located near the current site of the Gustavsberg Porcelain Factory.

## Personal life

Josef Ekberg married fellow artist Elsa Pettersson and remained in Gustavsberg until his death in 1945. They had two children, Iris and Börje.
# Joseph Jamieson

Joseph Jamieson (March 15, 1839 – March 12, 1923) was a lawyer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Lanark North in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1891 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Sherbrooke, Lanark County, Upper Canada, the son of William Jamieson, an immigrant from Ireland, and was educated in Perth. In 1865, he married Elizabeth Carss. Jamieson was called to the Ontario bar in 1869. He served as reeve for Almonte, warden for Lanark County and chairman of the board of license commissioners for North Lanark. Jamieson ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons in the 1878 federal election and an 1880 by-election. He resigned his seat in December 1891 after being named junior county judge for Wellington County.
# Joseph Frank McGregory

Joseph Frank McGregory (April 11, 1855 – October 14, 1934) was an American chemist. He was the founder and first chairman of the Chemistry Department at Colgate University (then Madison University) in 1884.

## Biography

McGregory was the son of Joseph and Emeline (Fuller) McGregory. He was educated at Wilbraham Academy. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Delta Upsilon. He received his B.A. degree from Amherst College in 1880 and his M.A. three years later. In 1880–1883 he was an instructor in chemistry at Amherst. In 1905 Amherst awarded him the degree of Doctor of Science. McGregory was called to Colgate, then Madison University, to found the Department of Chemistry and Mineralogy. During the early years of his appointment, he undertook extensive research at the Universities of Göttingen and Heidelberg. He built up the chemistry department at Colgate and expanded it during his years as head. He wrote two textbooks, Qualitative Analysis and Inorganic Chemistry, which were widely used in college courses.
McGregory was a fellow of the Chemical Society of London, a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Chemical Society. He was also a member of the German Chemical Society, Alpha Chi Sigma, and The Chemists' Club.
In 1883 McGregory married Emma E. J. Hodgkins. The couple had a son. McGregory died at his home from injuries sustained in a car accident ten days earlier. In 1920 he was seriously injured in an accident on the New York Central Railroad near Schenectady.

## Freemasonry

In addition to his university activities, McGregory was active in civic affairs and was one of the founders of the Mystic Order of Veiled Prophets of the Enchanted Realm, an appendant body of Freemasonry. He was the first Grand Alchemist of the order and later served as Grand Monarch.

## Writings

* McGregory, Joseph Frank (1903). A Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis. Ginn.
* McGregory, Joseph Frank (1902). Lecture Notes, on General Chemistry. Republican power print.
# Coubron

Coubron (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 18.1 km (11.2 mi) from the center of Paris.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Coubron | The arms of Coubron are blazoned : Or, 3 hunting horns sable stringed azure, on a chief gules 3 roses argent. (related to the arms of the Nesmond and Hocquart families.) |

## Transport

Coubron is served by no station of the Paris Métro, RER, or suburban rail network. The closest station to Coubron is Vert-Galant station on Paris RER line B. This station is located in the commune of Villepinte, 3.2 km (2.0 mi) from the town center of Coubron.

## Education

There are two groups of primary schools: Paul Bert and Georges Mercier.
# Joseph Greatorex

Joseph Edward Alfred Greatorex (7 March 1863 — 16 December 1940) was an English first-class cricketer and architect.
The son of R. C. Greatorex, he was born in March 1863 at Kensington. He was educated at Harrow School, where he played for the school cricket eleven. He was described at Harrow as a "sound batsman" and featured in the Harrow v Eton match of 1881, taking figures of 5 for 35 with his slow bowling. Shortly after completing his education at Harrow, Greatorex made two appearances in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club, against Hampshire at Southampton and Cambridge University at Fenner's. He scored 18 runs in these two matches, with a highest score of 12. Greatorex was by profession an architect. He died in December 1940 at Uppingham. His brother, Theophilus, was also a first-class cricketer.
# Joseph Leon Lignières

Joseph Leon Marcel Lignières (March 26, 1868, Saint-Mihiel, Meuse, France – October 19, 1933, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a French-Argentinian veterinarian and bacteriologist, the binomial authority for the Salmonella genus of bacteria.

## Biography

Joseph Léon Marcel Lignières was born in Saint-Mihiel, Meuse. He studied at the École vétérinaire d'Alfort from 1886 to 1890. In late 1890, he was appointed assistant repeater of the chair of contagious diseases, presided over by Edmond Nocard. He became chief of studies in 1894 until January 1898. During this period, Joseph Léon Lignières described the genus of mites Hemisarcoptes and began his bacteriological career with the study of pasteurelloses, describing in 1898 hemorrhagic septicemia in sheep and in 1900 Pasteurellosis.
On January 1, 1898, he was assigned a mission in Argentina to study infectious diseases such as "tristeza" and "bovine malaria". His mission renewed, led him to organize the bacteriology laboratory in Buenos Aires. He studied salmonelloses and described the genus Salmonella in 1900. He then worked on serums and vaccines, including foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, bovine malaria, bovine anaplasmosis, bovine piroplasmosis (Texas fever), and mal de Caderas.
Joseph Léon Lignières became a professor of bacteriology at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy of Buenos Aires and director of the National Institute of Bacteriology of the same city.
He described actinobacillosis and isolated Actinobacillus and worked on actinomycoses, gastrointestinal strongylosis of sheep, and foot-and-mouth disease. In 1912, he published the first description of sheep atherosclerosis.
# Cours, Rhône

Cours (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Rhône department and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France. Cours-la-Ville is the municipal seat.

## History

On 1 January 2016, Cours was created by the merger of Cours-la-Ville, Pont-Trambouze and Thel.
# Joseph Rogers (footballer)

Joseph Rogers (born 1861 or 1862) was a Welsh international footballer. He was part of the Wales national football team, playing 3 matches. He played his first match on 29 February 1896 against Ireland and his last match on 21 March 1896 against Scotland.
At club level, he played for Brymbo Institute and Wrexham.
# Cotton Gin Port, Mississippi

Cotton Gin Port is a ghost town in Monroe County, Mississippi, United States.

## Geography

Cotton Gin Port was located at 33°58′15″N 88°32′35″W﻿ / ﻿33.97083°N 88.54306°W﻿ / 33.97083; -88.54306 on the east bank of the Tombigbee river.

## History

Cotton Gin Port was the first town settled by Europeans in what became north Mississippi. It was developed on the east bank of the Tombigbee River, at a crossing of vital Indian trails. This had been a base of expeditions of French explorers Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville in 1736 and Vaudreuil in 1752.
After the United States acquired the territory, it was first considered part of Marion County in the Alabama Territory.
The new demarcation lines of 1820-21 established a state boundary that allocated the town and related area to Mississippi.
The early U.S. government built a cotton gin in 1801 at Cotton Gin Port as part of a "plan of civilization" for the local Chickasaw, whom it wanted to have adopt European-American customs. The settlement soon became recognized as a trading post for business with the Chickasaw. A road, Gaines Trace, was built to the town in 1811 and 1812. This road ran from close to present-day Muscle Shoals on the Tennessee River to Cotton Gin Port, where it crossed the Tombigbee. From there it continued south to Fort Stoddert, Alabama.
As railroads were constructed in the region, the Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham Railroad bypassed Cotton Gin Port, and established a new railroad town at Amory, Mississippi. In a pattern repeated in numerous other places, this bypass resulted in the older town being abandoned, as businesses and residents moved to have access to the railroad at Amory.
The ruins of the old town can still be found between the Tenn-Tom Waterway and the Tombigbee River. Relics from the former settlement can be seen at the Amory Municipal Museum. Levi Colbert, a chief of the Chickasaw, is said to have lived on the bluff west of Cotton Gin Port, near a large spreading oak known as the council tree, a meeting place for tribal elders. The former cotton gin was built near here.
# Joseph Slawinski

Joseph Slawinski (November 27, 1905 - 1983) was a noted sgraffito artist and sculptor. A professor at the Fine Arts Academy in Warsaw, he emigrated to the United States in the early 60s and worked extensively in western New York.

## Life

Joseph Slawinski was born in Warsaw, Poland. In addition to his regular schooling, he took evening night classes prior to attending the School of Decorative Arts. He also interned with the painter Władysław Drapiewski. Slawinski was graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts. While on a tour of Italy, he first discovered the technique of Sgraffito.
During World War II, he fought in the Warsaw Uprising. After the war, he became a professor at the Fine Arts Academy, and worked to restore art objects damaged during the war. Slawinski worked in a variety of media, including fresco, hammered copper, and scratched tempera, but his specialty was sgraffito, a labor intensive technique involving layers of cement which need to be worked on while still wet.
Slawinski visited western New York State in 1961-1963 and emigrated in 1964, settling in Buffalo, New York. His first commission was to decorate the sanctuary of the Church of the Assumption in the Black Rock section of Buffalo. This was followed by a number of projects at the motherhouse of the Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity at Stella Niagara. He did a mural at the Basilica of The National Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima in Lewiston New York, and additional work at the Church of St. Stanislaus in Buffalo. He did a mural of Copernicus and one of Chopin, both in sgraffito, at Villa Maria College.
The Polish Arts Club raised money to move and restore an 18 x 12 foot mural on the exterior wall of a building at Graycliff in Derby, NY to the Buffalo State College campus. The mural depicts St. Joseph Calasanctius, founder of the Piarist Priests who owned Graycliff for a number of years. In 2021 a mural done by Slawinski was donated to Canisius College by James Lawicki. The mural is now on view in the college library.
# Joseph Slater

Joseph Slater may refer to:
* Joseph Slater Sr. (1750–1805), British painter, father of Joseph Slater Jr.
* Joseph Slater Jr. (1782–1837), British portrait painter
* Joseph Slater, Baron Slater (1904–1977), British Labour Party politician
* Joseph E. Slater (1922–2002), American economist, president and chief executive of the Aspen Institute
# Craig Powell

Craig Powell may refer to:
* Craig Powell (American football) (born 1971), American football player
* Craig Powell (musician) (born 1984), British musician
* Craig Powell (poet) (born 1940), Australian poet
# Joseph Pope

Joseph Pope may refer to:
* Joseph Pope (public servant) (1854–1926), Canadian public servant
* Joseph Pope (politician) (1803–1895), businessman and political figure in Prince Edward Island, Canada
* Joseph Pope (academic) (1914–2013), British engineer and academic administrator
# José Rodríguez Suárez

José Rodríguez Suárez, a co-founder of the Puerto Rico Statehood Students Association, is the longest-serving Deputy Secretary of State of Puerto Rico, having served under two governors, Pedro Rosselló and Luis Fortuño, and four Secretaries of State of Puerto Rico, Baltasar Corrada del Río, Norma Burgos and Angel Morey between 1993 and 2000, and Kenneth McClintock between 2009 and 2012. As such, he was charged with directing all intergovernmental and international activities of the Department during 12 of the Department's 60-year history.
A graduate of George Washington University, he obtained his Juris Doctor degree at the University of Puerto Rico School of Law, and has been in private practice when not in public service. His op-ed's appear frequently in national and local publications. He is a pro-statehood member of the New Party for Progress locally and a Republican nationally.
He was succeeded as Deputy Secretary of State on January 2, 2013 by Javier González.
# Crib and Rosa

Crib and Rosa is an 1817 painting by Abraham Cooper. This painting provides an image of the extinct Old English Bulldog dog breed.
The painting depicts Crib and Rosa, two Old English Bulldogs. Rosa was considered to represent correct formation for bulldogs at that time. Through John Scott's engraving, this painting became the best-known, and most reproduced, painting of dogs from that period.
The image was frequently referred to by exhibitors as an ideal form of the breed. Writing at the end of the nineteenth century, Dalziel says any deficiencies in the otherwise perfect outline of Rosa was due to her sex; lacking desired characteristics of wrinkles and bone structure.
# Joseph Orji

Group Captain Joseph Orji NDA Regular course 11 was appointed the first Military Governor of Gombe State, Nigeria after it was formed in October 1996 from part of Bauchi State during the military regime of General Sani Abacha. He held office until August 1998.
When the civilian government of the Nigerian Fourth Republic took control in May 1999, Orji was among the former military Governors who were required to retire. He became a member of the steering committee of the United Nigeria Development Forum (UNDF), a group of former officers.
# Courage Under Fire (horse)

Courage Under Fire (1 August 1995 – 29 July 2017) was a New Zealand-bred champion Standardbred race horse notable for being undefeated in his first 24 race starts. A diminutive horse, he was known as Mighty Mouse.

## Racing

Courage Under Fire was undefeated in both his two- and three-year-old seasons of racing. As a three-year-old he won a record six derbies. In the Australian Derby at Moonee Valley he broke the track record defeating local star Shakamaker.
As an older horse Courage Under Fire was defeated for the first time in a heat of the 2000 Inter Dominion Pacing Championship after winning his first 24 races. After the 2000 Inter Dominion he was relocated from the New Zealand stables of Bruce Negus to Australian trainer Brian Hancock however his career plateaued. He later won the South Australian Cup, Queensland Pacing Championship and Australian Pacing Championship. He was narrowly beaten in the Miracle Mile and Victoria Cup and he won six heats of the Inter Dominion Pacing Championship and was fourth in the final in 2001. In the South Australian Cup at Globe Derby Park in 2001 he set a track record that stood until broken by his son Smolda in 2017. A popular horse, large crowds often surrounded his stall for a glimpse.
Courage Under Fire won 41 of 56 starts and earned $NZ1,551,941 in stakes.

## Stud career

At stud he sired more than 400 winners in New Zealand and more than 300 winners in Australia including Inter Dominion Pacing Championship winner Smolda and was expected to serve a full book of mares in the 2017–18 breeding season.
He died at Yirribee Stud near Wagga Wagga, New South Wales after being purchased by Yirribee in July 2017.
# Courage and Hesitation

Courage and Hesitation: Notes and Photographs of the Nixon Administration is a 1971 non-fiction book by Allen Drury. It is an inside look at U. S. President Richard Nixon and those closest to him midway through his first term in office, with photographs by Fred J. Maroon.

## Overview

Drawn from Drury's interviews with Nixon and his political and White House staff, Courage and Hesitation also contains photographs by Fred J. Maroon. Impressed by Maroon's photography of Washington, D.C., Nixon had granted the photographer's request for access to the White House in 1970. Maroon later wrote, "After Kennedy and Johnson nobody seemed to be running stories on the Nixon White House. The big news magazines just didn't like him, so I proposed a book." He continued photographing Nixon through the President's 1974 resignation, but except for what was published in Courage and Hesitation Maroon did not publish most of his Nixon work until his 1999 book The Nixon Years, 1969-1974, White House to Watergate.
In Reelpolitik II: Political Ideologies in '50s and '60s Films (2004), Beverly Merrill Kelley wrote that Drury accepted the commission to write the book despite the fact that he found Nixon to be "very weird, very odd."

## Critical reception

Kirkus Reviews wrote, "Unfortunately, Drury's peek behind the lace curtain came before the China initiative and the Freeze, and it all seems very old hat when Erlichman or Chotiner discuss the President's game plan." The review called the book "a creampuff bore" and "dreary, dreary, dreary".
# Crassocephalum biafrae

Crassocephalum biafrae, also called Sierra Leone bologi or worow, is a shade tolerant perennial vine grown especially in Sierra Leone, often on trellises. Its spinach-like leaves are often eaten steamed.