OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Italy at the 1992 Summer Paralympics

88 athletes (70 men and 18 women) from Italy competed at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, Spain.

## Medalists

| Medal | Athlete | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Aldo Manganaro | Athletics | Men's 100m B3 |
| Gold | Carlo Durante | Athletics | Men's B1 Marathon |
| Gold | Mariella Bertini | Wheelchair fencing | Individual foil 2 female |
| Gold | Mariella Bertini Rossana Giarrizzo Laura Presutto Deborah Taffoni | Wheelchair fencing | Women's team sword |
| Gold | Dario Merelli Natale Castellini Roberto Gallucci Paolo Martini Hubert Perfler | Goalball | Men's tournament |
| Gold | Gianluca Saini | Swimming | Men's 50 m free S10 |
| Gold | Gianluca Saini | Swimming | Men's 100 m free S10 |
| Gold | Santo Mangano | Shooting | Air rifle 3 × 40m Mixed SH4 |
| Gold | Paola Fantato | Archery | Individual AR2 female |
| Gold | Orazio Pizzorni | Archery | Men's AR2 Singles |
| Silver | Alessandro Kuris | Athletics | Men's J2 high jump |
| Silver | Aldo Manganaro | Athletics | Men's 200 m B3 |
| Silver | Mariella Bertini | Wheelchair fencing | Individual sword 2 female |
| Silver | Soriano Ceccanti | Wheelchair fencing | Individual sword 2 male |
| Silver | Maria Nardelli | Table tennis | Open class 1-5 female |
| Silver | Andrea Furlan Eberhard Walzl | Table tennis | Men's team 9 |
| Silver | Giuseppe Gabelli Luciano Malovini Orazio Pizzorni | Archery | Men's AR2 Team |
| Bronze | Francesca Porcellato | Athletics | Women's 400m TW3 |
| Bronze | Alvise De Vidi | Athletics | Men's 800m TW1 |
| Bronze | Marco Re Calegari | Athletics | 1500 m TW3-4 male |
| Bronze | Enzo Masiello | Athletics | 5000 m TW3-4 male |
| Bronze | Maurizio Nalin | Athletics | Male THW7 disc |
| Bronze | Vincenzo Ciacio Claudio Costa Sandro Filipozzi Aldo Manganaro | Athletics | men's 4 × 400 m B1-B3 |
| Bronze | Maria Erlacher | Road cycling | Mixed open class tandem route |
| Bronze | Laura Presutto | Wheelchair fencing | Individual foil 3-4 female |
| Bronze | Laura Presutto | Wheelchair fencing | Individual sword 3-4 female |
| Bronze | Soriano Ceccanti Ernesto Lerre Carlo Loa | Wheelchair fencing | Men's team sword |
| Bronze | Roberto Valori | Swimming | Men's 100 m free S5 |
| Bronze | Maria Nardelli | Table tennis | Individual 5 female |
| Bronze | Maria Nardelli Christina Ploner Patrizia Sacca | Table tennis | Women's team 5 |
| Bronze | Oscar De Pellegrin | Shooting | Olympic Match Mixed SH3 |
| Bronze | Giampiero Mercandelli | Archery | Men's AR1 Singles |
| Bronze | Davide Albert | Judo | Men's –60 kg |
| Bronze | Matteo Ardit | Judo | Men's –78 kg |
| Bronze | Franz Gatscher | Judo | Men's +95 kg |
# Kadirçeşme, Mustafakemalpaşa

Kadirçeşme is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mustafakemalpaşa, Bursa Province in Turkey. Its population is 78 (2022).
# Longformacus House

Longformacus House is a mansion near the village of Longformacus, Scottish Borders, Scotland.

## History

The estate was once owned by the Earls of Moray and then the Earls of Dunbar before passing to the Sinclair family. A castle may have existed at the site prior to the current mansion house.
Robert Sinclair of Longformacus built the current mansion house in the early 18th century. A plaque shows the inscription "Adam delin" by the Scottish architect William Adam.
# Darbar

Darbar may refer to:
* Durbar (court), a term for a court in Urdu (from Persian darbar)
* Darbar-e Azam, a council of ministers implemented in 1872 in Qajar Iran constituting a cabinet
* Darbar (Raga), a musical scale/mode of South Indian classical music (Carnatic music)
* Darbar (film), a 2020 Indian Tamil-language action film
* Darbar Sahib (disambiguation)
** Darbar (title) or Darbar Saheb is a title of honor used in India
* Darbar, Iran (disambiguation), places in Iran
# Choke (2011 film)

Choke is a Canadian animated short film, directed by Michelle Latimer and released in 2011. Created by Latimer in conjunction with animator Terril Calder, the film centres on a young First Nations man who leaves his remote northern reserve to move to the city, only to find life there much more difficult and challenging than he had imagined.
The film premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival, where it received an honorable mention in the short films category.
It was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2011, and subsequently received a Genie Award nomination for Best Animated Short Film at the 32nd Genie Awards in 2012.
# Huttidare Kannada

Huttidare Kannada Nadal Huttabeku is a Kannada song composed and written by Hamsalekha for the 1993 film Aakasmika. It was sung by Kannada cinema's most celebrated actor, Dr. Rajkumar, who also performed to the song in the film. The song was considered a turning point in Kannada cinema and took Rajkumar's image to new heights.
In the song, the narrator asserts pride in being a Kannadiga. Due to its themes representing the pride in being a Kannadiga, the song is widely embraced and still seen as the unofficial anthem for the Kannada people.

## Picturisation

Rajkumar stars as Murthy, a police officer in the film. The song was shot at the Rani Chennamma circle and the Siddharoodh Math, in the city of Hubli, Karnataka. Murthy dressed in the traditional Kannadiga costume consisting of red-yellow coloured turban, white shirt and dhoti, sings the song.

## Cultural references

* Shivarajkumar, the first son of Rajkumar performed to the remixed version of the song in his 2010 film, Cheluveye Ninne Nodalu.
# Columba Stewart

Columba Andrew Stewart (born July 16, 1957) is a scholar, teacher, and the executive director of the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (HMML) in Collegeville, Minnesota. His principal scholarly contributions have been in the field of monastic studies—both Benedictine and Eastern Christian.

## Education

Born and raised in Houston, Texas, and a graduate of Lamar High School in Houston, Stewart received his A.B. in history and literature from Harvard University in 1979, magna cum laude. He earned his M.A. in religious studies at Yale University in 1981. After studying liturgical history, systematic theology, and scripture at Saint John's University School of Theology, he earned his D.Phil. from University of Oxford in 1989, writing his thesis on Greek and Syriac asceticism.

## Religious life

Stewart professed vows as a monk at Saint John's Abbey in July 1982. On June 8, 1990, he was ordained to the priesthood.

## Career

Stewart has been the executive director of the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library since 2003. Working closely with international church leaders, governments and cultural organizations, Stewart has supervised the digitization of largely Christian manuscript collections from Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and India. He has also led initiatives focused on the digitization of Islamic manuscripts through his partnerships with libraries in the Middle East, Africa, and India. He also oversees the organization's headquarters in Collegeville, Minnesota.

### Areas of research and training

* Monastic Studies (Early and Medieval), Eastern Christianity.
* 2019 Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities for the National Endowment for the Humanities.

## Media exposure

For both his scholarly contributions and his preservation work at HMML, Stewart has appeared in media coverage by Smithsonian Magazine ("A Mission for Father Stewart," June 2021), CBC Radio ("Benedictine monk on why preserving ancient religious texts is vital," May 2022), and Harper’s Magazine ("Guardians of Memory," August 2022) and The Harper’s Podcast. He has also been featured by the CBS News Program 60 Minutes, Harvard magazine, and the BBC, as well as in features such as "Preserving Words and Worlds," "Ancient Christians in India," "A Monk Saves Threatened Manuscripts Using Ultramodern Means," "Codices Decoded," In the Footsteps of the Apostles, "Monastery Works to Preserve Ancient Christian Texts," and "Saving the Sacred".

## Selected works

Stewart has published on monastic, Benedictine, and linguistic topics, including:
* Working the Earth of the Heart: The Messalian Controversy in History, Texts and Language to 431. Oxford Theological Monographs. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
* Cassian the Monk. Oxford University Press: New York, 1998.
* Prayer and Community: The Benedictine Tradition. Darton, Longman and Todd (U.K.) and Orbis Books (USA), 1998.
Stewart was a 2016 Guggenheim Fellowship awardee. The fellowship supported Stewart's work on a new history of the origins of Christian monasticism. He was chosen by the National Endowment for the Humanities to be the 2019 Jefferson Lecturer.
# Justice Jenkins

Justice Jenkins may refer to:
* Charles J. Jenkins (1805–1883), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia
* David Jenkins, Baron Jenkins (1899–1969), British Lord Justice of Appeal
* William Franklin Jenkins (1876–1961), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia
# Kunwara Baap

Kunwara Baap (lit. 'Bachelor Father') may refer to these Indian Hindi-language films:
* Kunwara Baap (1942 film)
* Kunwara Baap (1974 film)
# Kuwait at the 1972 Summer Olympics

Kuwait competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.

## Results by event
### Athletics

Men's 100 metres
* Younis Rabee
   * First Heat — 11.20s (→ did not advance)
Men's 4 × 100 m Relay
* Abdulazeez Abdulkareem, Malik Murdhi, Mohammad Mobarak, and Younis Rabee
   * Heat — DNS (→ did not advance)

### Swimming

Men's 100m Freestyle
* Abdalla Zeyab
   * Heat — 1:03.94 (→ did not advance)
Men's 200m Freestyle
* Fawzi Irhama
   * Heat — 2:33.75 (→ did not advance)
# Kumano Hayatama Taisha

Kumano Hayatama Taisha (熊野速玉大社) is a Shinto shrine located in Shingu, Wakayama Prefecture, on the shores of the Kumanogawa in the Kii Peninsula of Japan. It is included as part of the Kumano Sanzan in the UNESCO World Heritage site "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range". The three Kumano Sanzan shrines are the Sōhonsha ("head shrines") of all Kumano shrines, lie at between 20 and 40 km of distance one from the other and are connected by the pilgrimage route known as "Kumano Sankeimichi" (熊野参詣道).
# Kuskokwim 300

The Kuskokwim 300 is among the more highly regarded mid-distance dogsled races in Alaska, annually attracting some of the top mushers in the sport. The race starts and ends on the Kuskokwim River in Bethel, Alaska, and is run on and adjacent to its namesake river.

## History

Often referred to as the "Kusko 300", or "K-300", the race has been held every January since 1980 (except 2021 which was held in February), and commemorates an early mail route that once tied the settlements along the river to the outside world. Top mushers and hundreds of sled dogs participate in the race for a purse of $160,000, the largest offered by any 300-mile (480 km) sled dog race.
The race is renowned for its often difficult weather and trail conditions. The inaugural race saw a fierce blizzard with dangerously low windchills for the first half of the race, followed by a freak thaw and rain for the latter half. Three separate K-300s (1991, 1999, 2008) earned the nickname "Kusko-Swim", due to strong winds, rain, and deep overflow on top of the river ice.
2021 saw the race rescheduled for mid-February, avoiding Super Bowl LV.

## List of race winners

* 1980 - Rick Swenson
* 1981 - Jerry Austin
* 1982 - Jerry Austin
* 1983 - Myron Angstman
* 1984 - Rick Swenson
* 1985 - Rick Mackey
* 1986 - Myron Angstman
* 1987 - Rick Mackey
* 1988 - Susan Butcher
* 1989 - Sonny Russell
* 1990 - Sonny Russell
* 1991 - Jeff King
* 1992 - Jeff King
* 1993 - Jeff King
* 1994 - Martin Buser
* 1995 - Ramey Smyth
* 1996 - Charlie Boulding
* 1997 - Jeff King
* 1998 - Greg Swingley
* 1999 - Doug Swingley
* 2000 - Charlie Boulding
* 2001 - Jeff King
* 2002 - Jeff King
* 2003 - Jeff King
* 2004 - Ed Iten
* 2005 - Mitch Seavey
* 2006 - Jeff King
* 2007 - Martin Buser
* 2008 - Mitch Seavey
* 2009 - Mitch Seavey
* 2010 - John Baker
* 2011 - Paul Gebhardt
* 2012 - Rohn Buser
* 2013 - Jeff King
* 2014 - Rohn Buser
* 2015 - Pete Kaiser
* 2016 - Pete Kaiser
* 2017 - Pete Kaiser
* 2018 - Pete Kaiser
* 2019 - Matthew Failor (record time)
* 2020 - Pete Kaiser
* 2021 - Richie Diehl
* 2022 - Pete Kaiser
* 2023 - Pete Kaiser
* 2024 - Pete Kaiser
# Kurtez

Kurtez (also: Kurtes) is a community in the Korçë County, southeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Kolonjë.

## History

The Kurtez ambush took place near the village in 1943.
# Kusti Kulo

Gustav (Kusti) Ludvig Kulo (born Källberg, 17 November 1887 – 13 April 1973) was a Finnish politician who was the chairman of the Finnish People's Democratic League 1948–1966.

## Career

Kulo was a railroad worker in Tampere since 1902. During the 1905 general strike, he joined the national railroad workers union and was later selected it's executive committee. In the 1918 Civil War, Kulo was the commissar of Tampere station and a member of the Red Guards general staff of the Tavastia Front. He was injured in the explosion accident that killed the commander-in-chief Hugo Salmela. Kulo was arrested after the Battle of Tampere and sentenced for seven years.
After paroled in 1921, Kulo joined the communist movement and eventually became the party secretary of the Socialist Workers' Party of Finland. He was also a member of the illegal Communist Party of Finland. Kulo was arrested in the 1923 communist raids and imprisoned until 1928. During his sentence Kulo distanced from communism and joined the democratic socialist Left Group of Finnish Workers. Since the late 1930s, Kulo was a member of the Social Democratic Party. During the Continuation War, Kulo was active in its "peace opposition" against Finland's war policy and the party leader Väinö Tanner. After the war, Kulo was the chairman of Socialist Unity Party 1947-1948 and People's Democratic League 1948–1966.
# Kwaku (disambiguation)

Kwaku, alternatively Kweku, is an Ashanti given name to Ashanti male children born on Wednesday from the Ashanti people ethnic group.
Kwaku and Kweku may refer to:

## People
### Kwaku

* Kwaku Alston, American photographer
* Kwaku Bediako (born 1986), Ghanaian fashion designer
* Kwaku Boateng (athlete) (born 1974), Canadian high jumper
* Kwaku Boateng (politician) (died 2006), cabinet minister in Ghana in the early 1960s
* Kwaku Dua I Panyin, or Barima Fredua Agyeman, (c. 1797–1867), eighth King of the Ashanti Empire from 1834 until death in 1867
* Kwaku Dua III Asamu or Prempeh I (1870–1931), thirteenth King of the Ashanti Empire from 1888 until his death in 1931
* Kwaku Fortune, Irish actor
* Kwaku Gyasi, Ghanaian gospel singer
* Kwaku Kwarteng (born 1969), Ghanaian civil engineer, economist, and politician
* Kwaku Sakyi-Addo, Ghanaian journalist
* Kwaku Sintim-Misa aka KSM (born 1956), Ghanaian actor, director, satirist, talk show host and author
* Quock Walker (1753-after 1781), also called Kwaku, American slave of Ghanaian descent
* Kwaku Walker Lewis (1798–1856), African-American abolitionist and active member of the Underground Railroad and the anti-slavery movement

### Middle name

* B. Kwaku Duren (born 1943); aka Robert Donaldson Duren and Bob D. Duren, controversial African American lawyer, educator, writer, editor, Black Panther, long-time social, political and community activist
* Edward Kwaku Utuka, major general of the Ghana Armed Forces
* Manfo Kwaku Asiedu, suspect in the investigation into the 21 July 2005 London bombings
* Nana Kwaku Bonsam (born 1973), Ghanaian witch doctor and fetish priest
* Papa Kwaku Oppong (born 1987), Canadian basketball player
* Rebop Kwaku Baah, (1944–1983), Ghanaian percussionist best known for working with the 1970s rock groups Traffic and Can
* Thomas Kwaku Mensah (1935–2016), Roman Catholic archbishop of the Archdiocese of Kumasi, Ghana

### Kweku

* Kweku Adoboli (born 1980), Ghanaian ex-trader known for his role in the 2011 UBS rogue trader scandal and convicted of fraud in 2012
* Chief Kweku Andoh (1836–1898), military officer in the British army and Regent of Edina State (1873-1898)
* Kweku Baako Jnr, Ghanaian journalist and editor
* Kweku Essien (born 1984), Ghanaian football (soccer) player
* Philip Quaque (1741–1816), birth name Kweku, first African ordained in the Church of England

## Literature

* Kwaku; or, the Man Who Could Not Keep His Mouth Shut, a 1982 novel by Guyanese writer Roy A. K. Heath
# Kylertown, Pennsylvania

Kylertown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Graham and Cooper townships, Clearfield County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 336.
It is located on Pennsylvania Route 53 at Exit 133 of Interstate 80. Clearfield, the county seat, is 16 miles (26 km) to the west, and Snow Shoe in Centre County is 15 miles (24 km) to the east.
# Kwiecień

Kwiecień (Polish pronunciation:) is a Polish surname which means "April". Notable people with the surname include:
* Anna Kwiecień (born 1964), Polish politician
* Bartosz Kwiecień (born 1994), Polish footballer
* Konrad Kwiecień (born 1964), Polish archer
* Mariusz Kwiecień (born 1972), Polish opera singer
* Michał Kwiecień (born 1957), Polish bridge player
# Kusha Petts

Marjory Helen Petts née Miller (1921–2003) was a British artist and writer who, although born in London, spent the majority of her career in Wales.

## Biography

Petts was born in London and studied fine art at the University of Reading between 1939 and 1944 and then taught in Chesterfield for a year before returning to London to teach at St Paul's Girls' School until 1947. That year she married the artist John Petts. The couple eventually divorced in 1984 during which time, living in Wales, they had three children together and Kusha worked as Petts's studio assistant on a number of mosaic and stained glass compositions. Petts also produced her own paintings, often portraits, still lifes and landscapes. Petts exhibited these works in a number of group exhibitions including at commercial galleries in Cardiff, at the National Eisteddfod of Wales in 1956, at the National Museum of Wales in both 1956 and 1957 and with the Society for Education in Art. Solo exhibitions at Thomson House in Cardiff during 1965 and in Carmarthen and Abergavenny in the 1990s followed.
In 1967 Petts began to concentrate on her writing and in 1970 her novel Necklace for a Poor Sod was published. She also contributed short stories to anthologies of works by Welsh authors and throughout the 1980s her poems and short stories were featured by the BBC on both Radio 2 and Radio 4. Several of her poems related to her time in Swansea during the Second World War and to the treatment her uncle received as a conscientious objector. For many years Petts lived at Llansteffan in west Wales and the Carmarthenshire County Museum holds examples of her paintings.
# Kusha Las Payas

"Kusha Las Payas" (pronounced) is a song performed by the Andalusian-Spanish pop group Las Ketchup. It was released in November 2002 as the second single from their debut studio album, Hijas del Tomate. It is a follow-up to their most successful single, "The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)", although this song was not as successful as "Aserejé".
The song is featured in the video game, SSX, but is region-exclusive to Spain only.

## Charts

| Chart (2002–03) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 36 |
| Czech Republic (IFPI) | 15 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 21 |
| France (SNEP) | 38 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 76 |
| Italy (FIMI) | 17 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 6 |
| Romania (Romanian Top 100) | 1 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 12 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 29 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 31 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2003) | Position |
| Romania (Romanian Top 100) | 9 |
# Horace Smith (inventor)

Horace Smith (October 28, 1808 – January 15, 1893) was an American gunsmith, inventor, and businessman. He and his business partner Daniel B. Wesson formed two companies named "Smith & Wesson", the first of which was eventually reorganized into the Winchester Repeating Arms Company and the latter of which became the modern Smith & Wesson.

## Early career

Born in Cheshire, Massachusetts, Smith was employed by the U. S. Armory service from 1824 to 1842, when he moved to Newtown, Connecticut. He was employed by various gun makers up to the 1840s, when he moved to Norwich, Connecticut. He is then listed as a partner of Cranston & Smith. It is known that while in Norwich, he engaged in the manufacture of whaling guns and he is credited with the invention of the explosive bullet used to kill whales.

## Volcanic Repeating Arms

Smith and Daniel B. Wesson formed a partnership in 1852 for the purpose of developing the magazine arms later to be manufactured under the Smith & Wesson name. They founded the Smith & Wesson Company, with Cortlandt Palmer, in Norwich, Connecticut in 1854 to develop magazine firearms and the Volcanic rifle, the first repeating rifle. Smith developed a new Volcanic Cartridge, which he patented in 1854. The Smith & Wesson Company was renamed Volcanic Repeating Arms in 1855, and was financed largely by Oliver Winchester.
In 1856, the partners left Volcanic Repeating Arms to begin a new company and to manufacture a newly designed revolver-and-cartridge combination. Volcanic Repeating Arms was reorganized as the New Haven Arms Company and eventually as the Winchester Repeating Arms Company

## Smith & Wesson

In 1857, Smith and Wesson formed another Smith & Wesson company, this time to produce a pistol with interchangeable parts, a repeating action, a revolving magazine, metallic cartridges, and an open cylinder. They developed more firearms using their own patents along with patents and licenses bought from other gunsmiths.
Smith sold his interest in the company to Wesson in 1874 at the age of 65 and retired.

## Death and legacy

Smith was married three times: first, to Eliza Foster; second, to Eliza Hebbard Jepson, and third, to Mary Lucretia Hebbard.
Smith died on January 15, 1893. His will apportioned amounts to relatives and institutions and stated that the balance should be used for public purposes at the discretion of his executors. The Horace Smith Fund was established in 1899 from his estate to fund scholarships for worthy graduates from secondary schools in Hampden County, Massachusetts.
# Hoshihananomia schoutedeni

Hoshihananomia schoutedeni is a species of beetle in the genus Hoshihananomia of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1952.
# Housane

Housane or bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane is a saturated cycloalkane with the formula C$_5$H$_8$. It is a colorless, volatile liquid at room temperature. It was named "housane" because of its shape, which resembles a simple drawing of a house. Structurally, the molecule consists of cyclopropane fused to cyclobutane. The synthesis of molecules containing multiple strained rings, such as housane, is a traditional endeavor in synthetic organic chemistry.

## Preparation

The first synthesis of housane was reported by Criegee in 1957, where housane was obtained from the pyrolysis of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene.
Housane can be prepared in several steps starting with cyclopentadiene. Other methods include photolysis of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, pyrolysis of N-Phenyl-2-oxo-3-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, and addition of methylene to cyclobutene.

## Structure and properties

* The two rings are fused in a cis configuration—this meso compound formally has (1R,4S) absolute stereochemistry. The small size of the two rings prevents the trans isomer from existing, so the stereochemistry is not usually mentioned when discussing this structure.
Housane is easily attacked by bromine or iodine. In the presence of a platinum catalyst at room temperature, it is hydrogenated into cyclopentane. Reaction with hydrogen bromide at lower temperatures affords bromocyclopentane. Housane also reacts with lead tetraacetate, forming cis-1,3-diacetoxycyclopentane among other products.
Housane is thermally quite stable, isomerizing to cyclopentene at 330 °C.