OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1814 in Chile

Events from the year 1814 in Chile

## Events
### January

* January 1: Brigadier Gabino Gaínza and his military expedition sail from Callao.
* January 31: The Royal Expedition arrives to Chile.

### February

* February 1: José Miguel Carrera recognizes Bernardo O'Higgins as the Commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army.
* February 17: Proclamation of the Constitutional Rules.
* February 23: Battle of Cucha-Cucha

### March

* March 3: First Battle of Talca. Patriot Colonel Carlos Spano dies in the defense of Talca from the Royalist forces under the command of Ildefonso Elorreaga.
* March 6: José Miguel Carrera and his brother Luis Carrera are captured by a Royalist squadron under Clemente de Lantaño.
* March 7: Francisco de la Lastra is elected as the first Supreme Director of Chile.
* March 19: Battle of El Quilo.
* March 20: Battle of El Membrillar.
* March 28: In the Battle of Valparaiso, the British frigate HMS Phoebe and sloop HMS Cherub capture the American frigate USS Essex and sloop USS Essex Junior.
* March 29: First Battle of Cancha Rayada. The patriot troops under Manuel Blanco Encalada are completely routed.

### April

* April 8: Battle of Quechereguas.

### May

* May 3: Both sides in conflict agree to a truce and sign the Treaty of Lircay.
* May 12: José Miguel Carrera and his brother Luis Carrera escape from prison.

### July

* July 19: Viceroy of Peru José Fernando de Abascal rejects the Treaty of Lircay, and dispatches a new military expedition under the command of Brigadier Mariano Osorio.
* July 23: José Miguel Carrera starts his second (third for some authorities) dictatorship by deposing Supreme Director Francisco de la Lastra via a coup of State
* July 29: An open meeting of the leading citizens takes place in Talca which declares itself against the Carrera brothers.

### August

* August 12: Brigadier Mariano Osorio and his expedition arrive to Talcahuano.
* August 18: Brigadier Mariano Osorio arrives to Chillan and takes command of the Royal Army. Brigadier Gabino Gaínza is sent back to Lima to be court martialled.
* August 20: Battle of Las Tres Acequias, between the supporters of José Miguel Carrera under the command of his brother Luis Carrera, and those who oppose him, under the command of Colonel Bernardo O'Higgins. O'Higgins is defeated and agrees to submit himself to Carrera.

### September

* September 9: José Miguel Carrera is named Commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army

### October

* October 2: Disaster of Rancagua. Royalist forces defeat the patriot troops under Colonel Bernardo O'Higgins.
* October 5: The Royalist forces enter Santiago. Begins the mass exodus of patriots towards Mendoza.

### November

* November 1: The first group of patriot prisoners are sent to the Juan Fernández Islands.

### December
## Deaths

* March 3: Colonel Carlos Spano, during the First Battle of Talca. (b. 1773)
* November 21: Juan Mackenna, after a duel with Luis Carrera. (b. 1771)
# Earvin

Earvin is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Earvin "Magic" Johnson (born 1959), American executive and former basketball player
* Earvin "EJ" Johnson (born 1992), son of Magic; American television personality
* Earvin N'Gapeth (born 1991), French volleyball player
# 1800 in Australia

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The following list contains events that happened during 1800 in Australia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch - George III
* Governor of New South Wales – Captain John Hunter (until 20 April), then Captain Philip King (from 28 September)

## Events

* 26 April – William Balmain receives a land grant on the east side of Cockle Bay.
* 26 June – Major Joseph Foveaux is appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Norfolk Island.
* 16 July – Richard Johnson and Samuel Marsden open a church school in Kissing Point (Ryde).
* 7 September – Joseph Holt is arrested on suspicion of raising an Irish insurrection.
* 28 September – Captain Philip King sworn in as governor, as the previous governor Captain John Hunter returns to England.
* 29 September – William Paterson is appointed lieutenant governor of the colony.
* 19 November – The first copper coins are circulated in New South Wales. To prevent their removal from the colony they were issued at double their face value, that is a coin valued at one penny in England was deemed to represent twopence in New South Wales.
* 3 December – The brig Lady Nelson and Lt. James Grant arrive in Southern Australia; Grant names Cape Northumberland, Cape Banks, Mount Schanck and Mount Gambier.
* 7 December – Grant names Cape Otway; the Lady Nelson becomes the first ship to cross Bass Strait from the west.
* John Macarthur sends sample fleeces of merino wool to England from Australia to determine their quality.

## Births

* 1 June – William Bradley, New South Wales politician
* 11 December – William Bowman, New South Wales politician
# Eastern Mindanao gymnure

The eastern Mindanao gymnure (Podogymnura intermedia) is a species of gymnure in the genus Podogymnura. It is known only from Mount Hamiguitan and Mount Kampalili, two mountains in the eastern part of the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It was first named in 2023 by a team of researchers led by Danilo Balete.
It is intermediate in size between the larger Dinagat gymnure (Podogymnura aureospinula) and the smaller Mindanao gymnure (P. truei) and P. minima, whence the name intermedia. There are some differences between the populations from Mt. Hamiguitan and Mt. Kampalili; for instance, the Kampalili gymnures have softer fur.
# Am I Happy, Singing

Am I Happy, Singing (stylized as Am I Happy, Singing_) is the sixth studio album by American ambient musician, Ricky Eat Acid. The album was self-released in 2016 before being released officially on April 20, 2018. It was written and recorded in a couple of days during the summer of 2014, after the release of Three Love Songs and it was shelved in order to accommodate Ray's other releases scheduled for that year.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Sam Ray

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork | 7.9/10 |
Madison Bloom, writing for Pitchfork gave the album a 7.9 out of 10 saying the album "requires absolute stillness. It’s too jarring to score mundane activities, and too interesting to be relegated to playlists like “Hanging Out and Relaxing” or “Wine & Dine.” “two_beautiful ways of moving_your_hands” may be fabricated with gorgeous strings, but their incomplete, looped phrases arouse an intense yearning for them to fully bloom. It is a sensation I can only liken to the blushing tension between a “good night” and a first kiss. The anticipation escalates when the audio cuts out for a full four seconds, an eternity in song time. As a listener, you are hanging on every note, or lack thereof."
# Eagle Point, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania

Eagle Point is the area immediately surrounding the intersection of Pennsylvania Route 145 and Pennsylvania Route 329 in Whitehall Township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania.
Eagle Point is located between Egypt and Cementon in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area in eastern Pennsylvania. It uses the Whitehall Zip Code of 18052.
vtePlaces adjacent to Eagle Point, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania :
Laurys Station
Egypt
Eagle Point
Cementon
Allentown
Coplay, Hokendauqua :
40°41′03″N 75°31′18″W﻿ / ﻿40.684218°N 75.521693°W﻿ / 40.684218; -75.521693
* This Lehigh County, Pennsylvania state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Alzoniella iberopyrenaica

Alzoniella iberopyrenaica is a species of very small aquatic snail, a spring snail, an operculate gastropod mollusc in the family Hydrobiidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 1.4 mm, its diameter 0.67 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs i,n the north of the Iberian Peninsula.
# Amable

Amable is a French given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Amable Aristy (1949–2022), Dominican politician and businessman
* Amable Audin (1899–1990), French archaeologist
* Amable Bapaume (1825–1895), French novelist, journalist and playwright
* Amable de Courtais (1790–1877), French soldier and politician
* Amable Guillaume Prosper Brugière, baron de Barante (1782–1866), French statesman and historian
* Amable Bélanger (1846–1919), Canadian iron founder, industrialist and community leader
* Amable Berthelot (1777–1847), Quebec lawyer, author and political figure
* Amable de Bourzeys (1606–1672), French churchman, writer, hellenist, and Academician
* Amable Dionne (1782–1852), Canadian businessman, seigneur and political figure
* Amable Éno, dit Deschamps (1785–1875), political figure in Quebec
* Amable Jodoin (1828–1880), businessman and political figure in Quebec
* Amable Jourdain (1788–1818), French historian and orientalist
* Amable Liñán (born 1934), Spanish aeronautical engineer
* Amable Ricard (1828–1876), French politician
* Amable de Saint-Hilaire (1795–1865), French dramatist
* Amable Tastu (1795–1885), French femme de lettres
* Amable Troude (1762–1824), French Navy officer of the Napoleonic Wars
# Amabiline

Amabiline is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid first isolated in 1967 from Cynoglossum amabile. It is also found in the seeds and flowers of borage (Borago officinalis) and in borage seed oil.
Chemically, it is the ester derived from viridifloric acid and supinidine.
Amabiline is hepatotoxic and may contribute to the potential liver damage caused by consumption of borage and its seed oil.
# Eastern Punjab Railway

The Eastern Punjab Railway was the successor of the North Western State Railway in East Punjab after the partition of India. In 1952, Northern Railway was formed with a portion of East Indian Railway Company, north-west of Mughalsarai, Jodhpur Railway, Bikaner Railway and Eastern Punjab Railway.
It was labeled as a Class I railway according to Indian Railway Classification System.
# Alpha Ridge, Alaska

The Alpha Ridge is a mountain ridge in Denali Borough, Alaska, United States. Elevation: 3,420 feet.
It is on the west side of the Kantishna Valley in the Denali National Park
# Amalgamated Moulders and Kindred Industries Trades Union

The Amalgamated Moulders and Kindred Industries Trade Union was a trade union representing semi-skilled moulders in the United Kingdom.
The union was founded in 1890 as the Amalgamated Society of Plate and Machine Moulders. It was based in Oldham, and was led by Samuel Howard. In its early years, it worked with the Friendly Society of Iron Founders, both agreeing to respect the others' strikes. However, the moulders remained a small union, and by 1906 it had only 950 members.
The union was one of six founders of the Federation of Moulders and Collateral Trades, in 1906, but the federation achieved little, instead becoming a venue for the competing unions to argue over lines of demarcation and not respecting each other's industrial action. The federation dissolved in 1910, but this led the unions to work together more productively, and from 1912 they negotiated together on pay and conditions.
The union grew more rapidly during World War I, as moulding was increasingly done using machines. By 1918, the union was significant member of the new National Federation of Foundry Trades. The National Union of Foundry Workers (NUFW) repeatedly encouraged the moulders union to merge into it, but this did not occur. In 1966, it finally joined the successor to the NUFW, the Amalgamated Union of Foundry Workers, at which time it had about 2,000 members.
# Ebanks

Ebanks is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ambuyah Ebanks (born c. 1985), Miss Cayman Islands Pageant 2006 winner
* Derrin Ebanks (born 1988), Caymanian footballer
* Devin Ebanks (born 1989), American basketball player
* Georgette Ebanks (1927–2023), Caymanian women's rights activist
* Jedd Ebanks (born 1988), Caymanian footballer
* Joe Ebanks (born c. 1985), American poker player
* Jorge Ebanks (born 1986), Caymanian basketball player
* Mark Ebanks (born 1990), Caymanian footballer
* Raymond Ebanks (born 1970), Finnish rapper
* Ronald Ebanks (born 1983), Caymanian cricketer
* Ryan Ebanks (born 1984), Caymanian cricketer
* Selita Ebanks (born 1983), Caymanian fashion model
* Sharon Ebanks (born 1967/68), former member of the British National Party and one of the founder members of the New Nationalist Party
* Wayne Ebanks (born 1964), English footballer
# Amauropelta rosenstockii

Amauropelta rosenstockii, synonym Thelypteris rosenstockii, is a species of fern in the family Thelypteridaceae. It is native to Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Amax

Amax or AMAX may refer to:
* AMAX, an American radio broadcasting certification program
* Amax Engineering, a defunct Australian aircraft manufacturer based in Donvale, Victoria
* American Metal Company, which became AMAX in 1957
* Photosynthetic capacity (A$_{max}$)
* Amax Esporte Clube, Brazilian football club
# Amax Potash Ltd v Saskatchewan

Amax Potash Ltd v Saskatchewan [1977] 2 S.C.R. 576 is a leading case of the Supreme Court of Canada on the application and role of the Constitution of Canada.

## Background

During the 1970s, one of Saskatchewan's biggest industry was potash mining. Much of it was run by American mining companies that would export it to the US. The recently elected New Democratic Party (NDP) provincial government of Allan Blakeney enacted the Mineral Taxation Act and the Potash Reserve Regulations that effectively taxed the companies for their mining.
The mining companies sought to reclaim the tax that they had paid over the years. They made a Constitutional challenge against the Act on the grounds that the taxes were ultra vires the authority of the provincial government as taxation of this type was a matter for the federal government.
The provincial government sought refuge under section 5(7) of the Saskatchewan Proceedings Against the Crown Act, which barred recovery in just such an event. It stated that "the province's liability is limited in respect of things done or omitted in the exercise of power or authority under an ultra vires enactment".
The issue before the Court was whether the immunity clause, exempting itself from paying back money gained through invalid law, was valid law.

## Opinion of the Court

The Court found in favour of the mining companies. The government was attempting to circumvent section 52 of the Constitution by exempting itself from federalism.
In his reasoning, Dickson J. (as he was then) stated:
   To allow moneys collected under compulsion, pursuant to an ultra vires statute, to be retained would be tantamount to allowing the provincial Legislature to do indirectly what it could not do directly, and by covert means to impose illegal burdens.
He concluded by stating:
   The principle governing this appeal can be shortly and simply expressed in these terms: if a statute is found to be ultra vires the legislature which enacted it, legislation which would have the effect of attaching legal consequences to acts done pursuant to that invalid law must equally be ultra vires because it relates to the same subject-matter as that which was involved in the prior legislation. If a state cannot take by unconstitutional means it cannot retain by unconstitutional means.

## Aftermath

Upon losing the case, Premier Blakeney met with the mining companies and threatened that the provincial government would take over the potash mining industry. Eventually, however, the companies and the government came to an agreement under which the government paid back only part of the taxes.
# Alverstone Garden Village

Alverstone Garden Village is a housing estate built between the 1930s and the 1970s; entirely contained within Youngwoods Copse, and thus almost invisible from the older hamlet of Alverstone. At the 2011 Census the Post Office indicated that the population was included in the civil parish of Newchurch, Isle of Wight.
Transport is provided by Wightbus route 23, which runs through the estate on its way between Newport and Shanklin.
# 1884 Boston Beaneaters season

The 1884 Boston Beaneaters season was the 14th season of the franchise.

## Regular season
### Season standings

vteNational League :
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| Providence Grays | 84 | 28 | .750 | — | 45‍–‍11 | 39‍–‍17 |
| Boston Beaneaters | 73 | 38 | .658 | 10½ | 40‍–‍16 | 33‍–‍22 |
| Buffalo Bisons | 64 | 47 | .577 | 19½ | 37‍–‍18 | 27‍–‍29 |
| New York Gothams | 62 | 50 | .554 | 22 | 34‍–‍22 | 28‍–‍28 |
| Chicago White Stockings | 62 | 50 | .554 | 22 | 39‍–‍17 | 23‍–‍33 |
| Philadelphia Quakers | 39 | 73 | .348 | 45 | 19‍–‍37 | 20‍–‍36 |
| Cleveland Blues | 35 | 77 | .312 | 49 | 22‍–‍34 | 13‍–‍43 |
| Detroit Wolverines | 28 | 84 | .250 | 56 | 18‍–‍38 | 10‍–‍46 |

### Record vs. opponents

1884 National League recordvte Sources: :
| Team | BSN | BUF | CHI | CLV | DTN | NYG | PHI | PRV |
| Boston | — | 9–6–2 | 10–6 | 14–2 | 12–4–1 | 8–8–1 | 13–3 | 7–9–1 |
| Buffalo | 6–9–2 | — | 10–6–1 | 14–2 | 12–4 | 5–11–1 | 11–5 | 6–10 |
| Chicago | 6–10 | 6–10–1 | — | 8–8 | 11–5 | 12–4 | 14–2 | 5–11 |
| Cleveland | 2–14 | 2–14 | 8–8 | — | 9–7 | 5–11 | 6–10–1 | 3–13 |
| Detroit | 4–12–1 | 4–12 | 5–11 | 7–9 | — | 2–14–1 | 5–11 | 1–15 |
| New York | 8–8–1 | 11–5–1 | 4–12 | 11–5 | 14–2–1 | — | 11–5 | 3–13–1 |
| Philadelphia | 3–13 | 5–11 | 2–14 | 10–6–1 | 11–5 | 5–11 | — | 3–13 |
| Providence | 9–7–1 | 10–6 | 11–5 | 13–3 | 15–1 | 13–3–1 | 13–3 | — |

### Roster
## Player stats
### Batting
#### Starters by position

Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| C | Mert Hackett | 72 | 268 | 55 | .205 | 1 | 20 |
| 1B | John Morrill | 111 | 438 | 114 | .260 | 3 | 61 |
| 2B | Jack Burdock | 87 | 361 | 97 | .269 | 6 | 49 |
| 3B | Ezra Sutton | 110 | 468 | 162 | .346 | 3 | 61 |
| SS | Sam Wise | 114 | 426 | 91 | .214 | 4 | 41 |
| OF | Bill Crowley | 108 | 407 | 110 | .270 | 6 | 61 |
| OF | Jim Manning | 89 | 345 | 83 | .241 | 2 | 35 |
| OF | Joe Hornung | 115 | 518 | 139 | .268 | 7 | 51 |

#### Other batters

Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| Jim Whitney | 66 | 270 | 70 | .259 | 3 | 40 |
| Mike Hines | 35 | 132 | 23 | .174 | 0 | 3 |
| Bill Annis | 27 | 96 | 17 | .177 | 0 | 3 |
| Tom Gunning | 12 | 45 | 5 | .111 | 0 | 2 |
| Gene Moriarty | 4 | 16 | 1 | .063 | 0 | 0 |
| Marty Barrett | 3 | 6 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching
#### Starting pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| Charlie Buffinton | 67 | 587.0 | 48 | 16 | 76 | 417 |
| Jim Whitney | 38 | 336.0 | 23 | 14 | 2.09 | 270 |
| John Connor | 7 | 60.0 | 1 | 4 | 3.15 | 29 |
| Daisy Davis | 4 | 31.0 | 1 | 3 | 7.84 | 13 |

#### Relief pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| John Morrill | 7 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 7.43 | 13 |
# Chariesthes rubida

Chariesthes rubida is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chevrolat in 1855, originally under the genus Mesosa. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, and Gabon. It contains the varietas Chariesthes rubida var. femoralis.
# Admiral Abbot

Admiral Abbot may refer to:
* Charles Abbot, 2nd Baron Colchester (1798–1867), British Royal Navy admiral
* Charles S. Abbot (born 1945), U.S. Navy admiral
* James Lloyd Abbot Jr. (1918–2012), U.S. Navy rear admiral
* Peter Abbott (1942–2015), British Royal Navy admiral
# Alan Green

Alan Green may refer to:
* Alan Green (admiral) (born 1952), retired South African Navy admiral
* Alan Green (broadcaster) (born 1952), British sports commentator on BBC Radio Five Live
* Alan Green (Cleethorpes politician) (1932–2003), Cleethorpes mayor and local politician
* Alan Green (footballer, born 1951), English footballer
* Alan Green (footballer, born 1954), former North American Soccer League player
* Alan Green (MP) (1911–1991), British Conservative Party politician
* Alan Green Jr. (1925–2001), United States ambassador to Romania
* Alan I. Green (1943–2020), American psychiatrist
* Alan Green (writer) [fr] (1906–1975), American writer, see 1950 in List of Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best First Novel winners
# Disabled skiing at the Winter Olympics

Disabled skiing was a demonstration event at the Winter Olympic Games on two occasions, in 1984 and 1988. Afterwards, the Paralympic Games were held in the same location as the Olympics and it was judged that as a demonstration event it was redundant. At the 1984 and 1988 Games, medals were awarded to the top three positions, but these medals were smaller in size and did not contribute to the overall medal count.

## 1984 Winter Olympics

At the 1984 Games in Sarajevo, four events in paralympic alpine skiing were contested, all for men only. Giant slalom races were held for four different standing disability classes.
| Event | First | Second | Third |
| Giant slalom for above-the-knee amputees | Alexander Spitz (FRG) | Reiner Bergman (AUT) | David Jamison (USA) |
| Giant slalom for below-knee amputees | Markus Ramsauer (AUT) | Josef Meusburger (AUT) | Bill Latimer (USA) |
| Giant slalom for single-arm amputees | Paul Keukomm (SUI) | Dietmar Schweninger (AUT) | Rolf Heinzmann (SUI) |
| Giant slalom for double-arm amputees | Lars Lundstroem (SWE) | Felix Abele (FRG) | Cato Zahl Pedersen (NOR) |

## 1988 Winter Olympics

At the 1988 Games in Calgary, events were held in paralympic alpine skiing for both men and women (giant slalom for a single standing disability class), and in paralympic cross-country skiing for both men and women (5 km for the visually impaired).
| Event | First | Second | Third |
| Men's giant slalom for above-the-knee amputees | Alexander Spitz (FRG) | Greg Mannino (USA) | Fritz Berger (SUI) |
| Women's giant slalom for above-the-knee amputees | Diana Golden (USA) | Cathy Gentile (USA) | Martha Hill (USA) |
| Men's 5 km cross-country for blind | Hans Anton Aalien (NOR) | Ake Petterson (SWE) | Asmund Tveit (NOR) |
| Women's 5 km cross-country for blind | Veronika Preining (AUT) | Kirsti Pennanen (FIN) | Margret Heger (AUT) |
# Conklin House

Conklin House may refer to:
* Conklin-Montgomery House, Cambridge City, IN, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Indiana
* Nathaniel Conklin House, Babylon, New York, NRHP-listed
* Conklin, David Conklin House, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, listed on the NRHP in New York
* Conklin Farm, Hounsfield, New York, NRHP-listed
* Conklin Mountain House, Olean, New York, NRHP-listed
* Conklin House (Chandler, Oklahoma), NRHP-listed