# 1800 in Canada

Events from the year 1800 in Canada.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: George III

### Federal government

* Parliament of Lower Canada: 2nd (until June 4)
* Parliament of Upper Canada: 2nd (until July 4)

### Governors

* Governor of the Canadas: Robert Milnes
* Governor of New Brunswick: Thomas Carleton
* Governor of Nova Scotia: John Wentworth
* Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Charles Morice Pole
* Governor of St. John's Island: Edmund Fanning

## Events

* Alexander Mackenzie, the explorer, joins XY Company.
* April – United Irish Uprising in Newfoundland.
* May 30 – Bar of Quebec is founded.
* August – Upper Canada expands westward and further into the interior, as the first settlers arrive at the upper Grand River.
* October 1 – Spain cedes Louisiana back to France.

## Births

* January 3 – Etienne-Michel Faillon, Catholic historian (d.1870)
* August 22 – Edward Barron Chandler, politician (d.1880)
* October 21 – René-Édouard Caron, 2nd Mayor of Quebec City and 2nd Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec (d.1876)
* October 22 – James Ferrier, merchant, politician and 4th Mayor of Montreal (d.1888)
* November 21 – William Agar Adamson, Church of England clergyman and author (d.1868)

## Deaths

* March 16 – Jean-Joseph Casot, last jesuit in Canada.

## Historical documents

List of wars between England and France since 1116 counts 242 years of warfare in 687-year period
Monthly record of British military deployment shows 2 ships of the line, 7 frigates, 6 sloops and 5 infantry regiments in America and Newfoundland
Newly signed "Convention of Amity and Commerce between France and the United States" has "maxims" supporting neutrality and "regulations of 1778"
German professors experiment with beets producing sugar; their "process, which they are about to publish, is easy, and by no means expensive"

### Lower Canada

Montreal petitioners ask Assembly to legalize slavery of "Negroes and Panis," including recognizing enslaved as property and regulating them
Notice of death of Father Casot, last Jesuit in L.C., notes his charity toward poor people and calls his loss "a public calamity"
Assembly asks British government to dedicate former Jesuit property to education in order to preserve population's attachment to Constitution
George Heriot, deputy postmaster general for British North America, announces and seeks support for monthly winter postal link with Upper Canada
Partners bringing spring water to Montreal area seek charter, supported by Montrealers who find St. Lawrence River water "impure in the extreme"
Death of shipbuilder Patrick Beatson "will be severely felt by a great number of Mechanics as his extensive concerns[...]are as yet unrivalled"
Any man suing another man for latter's "criminal conversation" with former's wife does not need to prove latter man guilty of adultery
Christians: "[...]examine your thoughts, words, and actions [for faults], especially after much business, speaking, &c.[....]"
New York medical journal says Quebec man plans to publish on "how far the laws of Chemical Action" explain "Phenomena of organic matter"
Every 6th Regiment soldier must have permission to sell any clothing, equipment or arms, and anyone buying from one or his wife will be prosecuted
"Very great rise in the price of paper, wages and the necessaries of life" since Gazette's 1764 debut means subscription rises from $3 to $4 annually

### Upper Canada

Odawa, Ojibwe, Potawatomi and Wendat sell 1,380 acres along Detroit River in area of what is now Sandwich and Amherstburg for £300 in goods
Mother and daughter each given 1,200 acres of land "as the wife & daughter of an executive Counciller;" he and family have 20,000 acres in total
Daughter of United Empire Loyalist petitions for 200 acres "to put her on a footing with others of her description"
Lt. Gov. Peter Hunter says calling legislature in late spring is inconvenient and will end when "Roads which communicate with the Capital" open

### Nova Scotia

N.S. juries have decided so often against enslavers, says New Brunswick lawyer, that "masters" have turned to "limited service by indenture"
Lt. Gov. Wentworth calls Maroons "deluded deceived people [leaving] Health, Comfort, and prosperity" of N.S. (Note: racial stereotypes)
Halifax naval personnel find evidence of shipwreck deaths on Sable Island; suggestion follows to locate 2 or 3 lifesaving families on island
Clare Township Acadians oppose "reunion" of land they inhabit to Weymouth Parish across Sissiboo River, dividing them "one from another"
Letter-to-the-Editor suggests many wells be dug to fight drought in Halifax and protect it from fires both in "the Country around" and in town
Optical telegraph system is set up across province from Halifax to Annapolis with plans to extend it to New Brunswick
"Negro Girl [for lease], Aged 18 years, good natured, fond of Children and accustomed to both Town and Country work"

### New Brunswick

Edward Winslow considers road to Lower Canada "essential to the safety & prosperity of these provinces," and worth fighting U.S.A. for
Winslow says many Loyalists given land grants "were idle, dissipated and capricious, [selling land] for a trifle to Land-jobbers and speculators"
Lt. Gov. Carleton says "Settlement [up St. John River] has made it necessary to be the more on our guard against any hostile[...]Savages"
Ward Chipman's point-by-point brief supports client Nancy's Supreme Court case against her enslaver, arguing right of slavery is not lawful
Listing of N.B. produce (masts, lumber, fish etc.) en route to West Indies and Britain in some of 31 new ships out of Saint John port this year
Guilty of grand larceny, "the old offender, Martha Malone, [is sentenced to] 39 lashes in presence of a female only," and 2 years hard labour
John McKinnon has "prevailed with his Wife Ann to return to him under an engagement on his part that she shall not have any cause of fear"
"The Coroner's Inquest sat on the body of Mary Austin, an unfortunate woman, found dead in the street - Verdict, accidental death"
A. Paddock and two others, "informed that there is a very great probability that the Small Pox will soon appear" in Saint John, offer inoculations
Physician John Caleff describes outbreak of smallpox in St. Andrews in last two months affecting more than 500 people but with only 3 deaths
Patent medicine: "Vermifuge Lozenges for destroying worms[,] Volatile Tincture; An immediate Cure for the TOOTH ACHE[,] Infallible German Corn Plaister"
Anonymous writer advises treating fevers by keeping "the intestines open with Castor Oil;[...]or the Pyrment waters with Vitriolic acid and Aromatics"
Call for dissertation on chapters of Revelation "proving that Jacobinism is the Eighth Head of the Beast, and Voltaire the Number of the Beast"
Cornerstone of Assembly and law courts building laid; it will combine "the principles of utility, œconomy and elegance in the highest degree"
Fashions: "Small round caps with very narrow lace borders [–] a peculiar appearance of buxom beauty[,]" scarlet cashmere cloaks, short-waisted coats

### Newfoundland

"The Newfoundland Fishery has been highly successful last season; the Venus navigated by five men, caught 80,000 Cod"
France's Newfoundland fishery, once four times bigger than England's, is now nearly gone and "almost exclusivly in possession of the English"

### Labrador

Missionary makes chart of coast as far as Hudson Bay from Inuit accounts, including "dwelling places, rivers, bays and woods" and anchorages
Solomon says "[...]I cannot regain that state of mind I enjoyed, when I was baptized. There is[...]a dark shadow between me and our Savior"

### Hudson's Bay Company

Indigenous woman and 5 children walk 9 days to York Factory after losing her husband; she reports others unable to walk, but no one at Y.F. can help
Three teenage boys (including chief factor's son), "Educated and Brought up in the [Albany] Factory," apprentice to shipwright, carpenter and cooper

### Elsewhere

Union of Ireland and Britain "arrests much of the public attention in both kingdoms" and acrimony characterizes debate in Irish Parliament
Commons supply committee expends from £7,960 (Upper Canada) to £1,640 (Newfoundland) for civil government; compare £39.5 million budget
Men of Rocky Mountain Fort fire muskets at dawn on New Year's Day and receive 2 drams of rum and half-fathom (3 feet) of tobacco each
U.S. commissioners find 49 "refugees" from British North America during American Revolution are entitled to shares of 33,500 acres made available