OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Crowdy

James Crowdy (1794 – April 17, 1867) was an English-born official in Newfoundland. He was Speaker of the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador from 1843-48.
Crowdy served as clerk of the Council and colonial secretary for Cape Breton Island from 1814–20, when it became part of Nova Scotia. In 1831, with his wife Elizabeth, he came to St. John's as clerk of the Council and colonial secretary for Newfoundland. In 1832, he was named to the colony's Council.
In 1836, Crowdy failed to ensure that the great seal was attached to the election writs issued in that year, which led to the invalidation of the results of the election and undermined the authority of representative government in the colony. This was viewed with suspicion since Crowdy was opposed to representative government in Newfoundland. Around the same time, he married Caroline Augusta, the daughter of John Dunscombe; his first wife had died in 1836.
In 1843, the elected assembly and appointed Council were combined and Crowdy was elected speaker. The assembly and Council became separate bodies again in 1848 and Crowdy was again named to the Council. He served briefly as colonial administrator in 1852. Crowdy resigned from the Council in 1855 and returned to England, where he died in 1867 at Newton Abbot, Devon.
# 2007–08 All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship

The 2007–08 All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship was the third staging of the All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Killeedy GAA Club in 2005.
The All-Ireland final was played on 9 March 2008 at the Newtownshandrum Grounds between Ballingarry and Emeralds, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Ballingarry won the match by 0–10 to 0–08 to claim their first ever All-Ireland title.
# Canton of Henrichemont

The canton of Henrichemont was a canton situated in the Cher département and in the Centre region of France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. In 2012, it had 3,465 inhabitants.

## Geography

The canton encompassed a farming and forestry area in the arrondissement of Bourges, centered around the town of Henrichemont. The altitude varies from 191m in Montigny to 428m in Humbligny, with a mean altitude of 290m.
The canton comprised 7 communes:
* Achères
* La Chapelotte
* Henrichemont
* Humbligny
* Montigny
* Neuilly-en-Sancerre
* Neuvy-Deux-Clochers

## Population

Historical population of Canton of Henrichemont (Source: INSEE) :
| Year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 |
| Population | 3,433 | 3,961 | 3,656 | 3,519 | 3,408 | 3,411 |
| From the year 1962 on: No double counting—residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) are counted only once. |||||||
# Coastal Leader

Coastal Leader is a weekly newspaper published in Kingston, South Australia, founded in 1962 and published under this title since 2001. It was later sold to Rural Press, previously owned by Fairfax Media, but now an Australian media company trading as Australian Community Media.

## History

The Coastal Leader website claims that the newspaper's origins can be traced back to the Kingston Weekly, the newspaper of The Kingston Traders' Association. The Kingston Weekly was first issued on 22 March 1946, with the aim was to "record faithfully the growing needs of the district in business as well as pleasure". The newspaper quickly ran into difficulties, and by early 1947 they were unable to continue, due to a "lack of support and continually rising costs", such that the newspaper was taken over by a group of local businessmen. It then ran until 30 March 1951 (issue No. 258).
A decade later, another newspaper called South-East Kingston Leader was started in Kingston. This publication proved to be more successful, continuing from 1962 until 21 November 2001 (Vol. 40, no. 46), when it was renamed to its current title, Coastal Leader. Alongside many other rural publications in Australia, the newspaper was a member of Fairfax Media Limited.

## Distribution

The Coastal Leader circulates throughout Kingston, Robe and Coorong districts. It has a potential readership of 2,700 per week, based on a run of 1,500 copies (20 full-colour pages) printed each Wednesday morning at Murray Bridge. Of these 1,350 are sold through outlets in Kingston, Robe, Lucindale, Naracoorte, Mount Gambier, and Adelaide with the remainder as subscriptions.

## Preservation

The State Library of South Australia carries microfiche versions of the newspaper.
# Chihuahua tradition

The Chihuahua (Southeastern) tradition (c. 6000 BC – c. AD 250) as a culture of south-central New Mexico and Chihuahua is still poorly defined. It probably includes several local adaptations that evolved over long periods of time. Irwin-Williams' hypothesis of four interacting Southwestern Archaic traditions, which differ from other traditions such as the Plains Archaic, is still provisional.
# Cordulegaster mzymtae

Cordulegaster mzymtae is a species of dragonfly in the family Cordulegastridae. It is found in Georgia and Turkey. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Ch'usiq Uta

Ch'usiq Uta (Aymara ch'usiqa owl, uta house, "owl house", also spelled Ch'usek Uta), also known as Cueva de San Pedro or Gruta de San Pedro (Spanish for "cave of Saint Peter" or "grotto of Saint Peter"), is a cave with an enclosed lake in the La Paz Department in Bolivia. It is situated in the Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality, about 16 kilometres (10 mi) from Sorata. Ch'usiq Uta is considered the largest and most famous cave of the department. It is a refuge for Geoffroy's tailless bat.
# Chaoite

Chaoite, or white carbon, is a mineral described as an allotrope of carbon whose existence is disputed. It was discovered in shock-fused graphite gneiss from the Ries crater in Bavaria. It has been described as slightly harder than graphite, with a reflection colour of grey to white. From its electron diffraction pattern, the mineral has been considered to have a carbyne structure, the linear acetylenic carbon allotrope of carbon. A later report has called this identification, and the very existence of carbyne phases, into question, arguing that the new reflections in the diffraction pattern are due to clay impurities.

## Synthetic material

It has been claimed that an identical form can be prepared from graphite by sublimation at 2700-3000 K or by irradiating it with a laser in high vacuum. This substance has been termed ceraphite.
A review cautions that "in spite of these seemingly definitive reports … several other groups have tried unsuccessfully to reproduce these experiments. Independent confirmatory work is obviously needed … and at the present time white graphite appears to be the carbon analog of polywater".

## Occurrence and discovery

Chaoite was first described from Möttingen, Ries Crater, Nördlingen, Bavaria, Germany and approved by the IMA in 1969. The mineral was named for USGS petrologist Edward C. T. Chao (1919-2008). At the type locality in Bavaria chaoite occurs in graphite bearing gneiss that has undergone shock metamorphism. It has also been reported from meteorites including the Goalpara meteorite in Assam, the Dyalpur meteorite in Uttar Pradesh in India and the Popigai impact structure in the Anabarskii massif of Eastern Siberia. Minerals associated with chaoite include: graphite, zircon, rutile, pseudobrookite, magnetite, nickeliferous pyrrhotite and baddeleyite.
# Boy at War

The Boy at War trilogy is a series of young adult historical novels by Harry Mazer. The first book, A Boy at War was released on April 3, 2001 and is based on the events of the attack on Pearl Harbor that initiated the United States' involvement in World War II. The books follow Adam Pelko, the son of a navy commander stationed at Pearl Harbor, during the Japanese attack of December 7, 1941.

## Synopsis

Adam Pelko, son of a naval commander Lieutenant Pelko is forced to move to Honolulu because his father is reassigned to Pearl Harbor. Adam is enrolled at Honolulu High School which frustrates Adam as people at Honolulu High School have a dislike of military kids. However, Adam does manage to make two friends, Davi Mori and Martin Kahahawai. Davi is a Japanese-American, while Martin is a Native Hawaiian. One day the boys decide to go fishing early in the morning at Pearl Harbor. As they are fishing on the land, they find a rowboat and decide to take it out into the water. They hear airplanes flying overhead and Davi cheers because he believes these are American planes, but Adam sees they're really Japanese, soon their rowboat explodes, and a piece of wood penetrates Martin’s chest. He is wounded, but doesn’t die. Adam watches as his father's ship, the Arizona, goes down and sinks. Once the Japanese attackers leave the harbor in the morning, Adam runs home with a rifle and makes sure his mother and sister, Bea, are okay. They let Adam in the house, and he tells them what happened and that he doesn’t know if his father, Lt. Emory Pelko, is dead or alive. About a week after Adam arrives back home, the family gets a telegram saying the Lt. Emory Pelko is missing. The family wants to move back to the mainland but Adam wants to stay in Hawaii. Eventually, Adam moves back to the mainland with his family.

## Reception

Critical reception for the Boy at War series has been mixed to positive, with Booklist and Publishers Weekly both giving the first book starred reviews. Kirkus Reviews panned the first novel, saying that the writing had a "stilted, wooden quality" and that Mazer "does not effectively involve the reader with the requisite emotional intensity or dramatic narrative".
Reception for the second book, A Boy no More was more positive, with Stone Soup calling it "a captivating story about history that we should remember".

### Awards

In 2007 Mazer received a Nēnē Children's Choice Book Award for A Boy at War.
# Jamaican Chess Championship

The Jamaican Chess Championship is the yearly national chess championship of Jamaica. The first edition was played in 1969. The championship is usually a twelve-player round-robin tournament. The championship is also used as a qualifier for the Chess Olympiads.

## List of champions

    NrYearWinner 11969Alfred Thompson 21970Steve Curry 31971Steve Curry 41972Harold Chan 51973Harold Chan 61974Harold Chan 71975Thomas Figueroa Robert Wheeler 81976Sheldon Wong 91977Sheldon Wong 101978Harold Chan 111979Harold Chan Robert Wheeler 121980Robert Wheeler 131981Robert Wheeler 141982Orrin Tonsingh 151983Robert Wheeler 161984Shane Matthews 171985Neil Fairclough 181986Shane Matthews 191987Shane Matthews 201988Robert Wheeler 211989Shane Matthews 221990Orrin Tonsingh 231991Grantel Gibbs Neil Fairclough 241992Ryan Palmer Jomo Pitterson 251993Jomo Pitterson 261994Grantel Gibbs 271995Russell Porter Duane Rowe 281996Duane Rowe 291997Shane Matthews 301998Duane Rowe 311999Jomo Pitterson 322000Warren Elliott 332001Warren Elliott 342002Shane Matthews 352003Shane Matthews 362004Warren Elliott 372005Warren Elliott 382006Duane Rowe 392007Warren Elliott 402008Equitable Brown 402009Equitable Brown 412010Warren Elliott 432011Damion Davy 442012Andrew Mellace Damion Davy 452013Damion Davy 462014Andrew Mellace 472015Warren Elliott 482016Warren Elliott 492017Shreyas Smith 502018Damion Davy 512019Shreyas Smith 522020Shreyas Smith 2021Not held (COVID-19) 532022Shreyas Smith 542023Jaden Shaw
| Player | Championships Won | Years Won |
| Warren Elliott | 8 | 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2016 |
| Shane Matthews | 7 | 1984, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1997, 2002, 2003 |
| Robert Wheeler | 6 | 1975, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1988 |
| Harold Chan | 5 | 1972, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1979 |
| Duane Rowe | 4 | 1995, 1996, 1998, 2006 |
| Damion Davy | 4 | 2011, 2012, 2013, 2018 |
| Shreyas Smith | 4 | 2017, 2019, 2020, 2022 |
| Jomo Pitterson | 3 | 1992, 1993, 1999 |
| Steve Curry | 2 | 1970, 1971 |
| Sheldon Wong | 2 | 1976, 1977 |
| Orrin Tonsingh | 2 | 1982, 1990 |
| Neil Fairclough | 2 | 1985, 1991 |
| Grantel Gibbs | 2 | 1991, 1994 |
| Equitable Brown | 2 | 2008, 2009 |
| Andrew Mellace | 2 | 2012, 2014 |
| Alfred Thompson | 1 | 1969 |
| Thomas Figueroa | 1 | 1975 |
| Ryan Palmer | 1 | 1992 |
| Russell Porter | 1 | 1995 |
| Jaden Shaw | 1 | 2023 |
# Berberis chochoco

Berberis chochoco is an evergreen shrub or small tree up to 9 m (30 ft) tall, in the genus Berberis, family Berberidaceae. It is native to mountainous regions of northeastern Mexico, in the states of Nuevo León, Veracruz, and San Luis Potosí.
The evergreen leaflets are oval to oblong, 35–55 mm (1.4–2.2 in) long, shiny with conspicuous venation. Fruits are blue. Wood is yellow and used for dyeing and tanning.

## Taxonomy

The compound leaves place this species in the group sometimes segregated as the genus Mahonia.
One obscure and long overlooked publication created a monospecific genus for this species, calling it Chrysodendron tinctorium. The same publication also erected three varieties based on minor variations in leaf shape.
# A-dos-Ruivos

A-dos-Ruivos is a village located in near Carvalhal, at Bombarral, Portugal. It has a population of 196 inhabitants.
This Portuguese village was portrayed by the writer Júlio César Machado in his book "Serões na Aldeia". He owned a house there. The village has a bust of the writer on display in front of the village's church.
The Távora family took refuge there, in the 18th century, when they were being persecuted by the Marquess of Pombal.
39°17′50″N 09°07′01″W﻿ / ﻿39.29722°N 9.11694°W﻿ / 39.29722; -9.11694
* This Leiria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Johann Daniel Wilhelm Hartmann

Johann Daniel Wilhelm Hartmann (12 January 1793 – 18 April 1862) was a Swiss painter, engraver and malacologist.

## Biography

He was born in St. Gallen, the son of Georg Leonhard Hartmann (1764-1828), who was also a painter. After training in fine arts with his father in Zurich, Munich and Bern, he worked in St. Gallen from 1826 as a naturalist and miniature painter, heraldist and genealogist.
Taxa described by Hartmann include Discus ruderatus, Ampullaceana ampla, Trochulus clandestinus, Bythiospeum acicula, Papillifera and others.

## Works

* Hartmann, J. D. W. 1821. System der Erd- und Süsswasser-Gasteropoden Europa's: in besonderer Hinsicht auf diejenigen Gattungen, welche in Deutschland und der Schweitz angetroffen werden. Nürnberg, Jacob Sturm, 1821
* Hartmann, J. D. W. 1844. Erd- und Süsswasser-Gasteropoden der Schweiz. Mit Zugabe einiger merkwürdigen exotischen Arten. I. Band. - pp. i-xx [= 1-20], 1–227, Tab. I-XII [= 1-12], I-XII [sic, = 13-24], 25–84. St. Gallen. (Scheitlin & Zollikofer).Archive
# Chilo zacconius

Chilo zacconius is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1970. It is found in Senegal.
# Corocoro Island

Corocoro Island (Isla Corocoro) is an island near the mouth of the Amacuro River and in the delta of the Barima River in South America. The northernmost part of the land border between Guyana and Venezuela runs through the island. It is one of the few islands that is divided between more than one sovereign state. The vast majority of the island is Venezuelan territory (610 square kilometers). The north side of the island is the Atlantic Ocean and the south side is the Barima River. The Island was claimed by British Guiana but mostly ceded to Venezuela, following the Arbitral Award of 1899. Corocoro Island contains the northernmost point of the disputed border with Guyana, an area referred to instead as Guayana Esequiba by Venezuela.

## Reserve

The Venezuelan-controlled part of 61,000 hectares or 610 km² is part of a natural reserve protected by the Venezuelan government, called the Imataca Reserve, and is part of the so-called Coastal Protection Zone.
# Itzehoe station

Itzehoe station is a railway station in the town of Itzehoe in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It is located on the Marsh Railway, which is electrified from Elmshorn up to this point. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station.

## History

The first Itzehoe station was located on the southern side of the Stör on land later used by a cement factory. During the extension of the Marsh Railway to Heide in 1878, the second station was built in the town, including the current station building. At that time, Brückenstrasse crossed the line over a wooden bridge at the northern end of the station. During the extension of the line through the town to Wilster four level crossings were built, which were abolished in 1931 with the realignment along the current route. With the opening of the new line to Wrist in 1889, these crossings had become more inconvenient. A workshop was probably built at the northern exit from the station during the building of the branch line.
The contact wire for the electrification of the line reached Itzehoe on 29 May 1998. But the use of electric rollingstock was only introduced after the intervention of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, which had funded the electrification.

## Operations

Regionalbahn services of Schleswig-Holstein from Hamburg-Altona and Pinneberg via Elmshorn begin and end In Itzehoe. The DB Regio Nord service from Hamburg-Altona to Westerland (Sylt) via Husum makes a stop in Itzehoe, as does the service to Heide. Deutsche Bahn Intercity trains (IC) also stop in Itzehoe and connect the city directly to Stuttgart, Berlin and Köln or in the opposite direction to Westerland or Dagebüll Mole.
| Train class | Route | Operator |
| IC 26 | Westerland (Sylt)/Dagebüll Mole – Niebüll – Itzehoe – Hamburg – Hannover – Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Frankfurt (Main) – Stuttgart | DB Fernverkehr |
| IC 29 | Westerland (Sylt)/Dagebüll Mole – Niebüll – Itzehoe – Hamburg – Berlin – Berlin Südkreuz | DB Fernverkehr |
| IC 39 | Westerland (Sylt)/Dagebüll Mole – Niebüll – Itzehoe – Hamburg – Bremen – Essen – Köln | DB Fernverkehr |
| RE 6 | Itzehoe – Elmshorn – Pinneberg – Hamburg-Altona | DB Regio Nord |
| RB 61 | Itzehoe – Glückstadt – Elmshorn – Pinneberg – Hamburg | nordbahn |
| RB 62 | Itzehoe – St Michaelisdonn – Heide | DB Regio Nord |
| RB 71 | Itzehoe – Glückstadt – Elmshorn – Pinneberg – Hamburg-Altona | nordbahn |
Itzehoe station has four platform tracks. The track next to the station building is called track 2 and is used by Regionalbahn services. RE and IC trains to Westerland stop on track 3. RE services to Hamburg-Altona and IC trains to Stuttgart, Berlin and Köln stop on track 4. Track 5 is the starting point for Nordbahn services to Heide. In addition to these tracks, there are sidings for freight trains.
Due to the electrification, most intercity trains coming from the south from Itzehoe are electrically-hauled. At the station, the electric locomotive is swapped for a diesel locomotive for the remaining leg to Westerland. In the opposite direction, the procedure is reversed.
The Itzehoe-Wrist railway operated until 27 September 1975.
# Jacqueline Hayden

Jacqueline Hayden (born 1950) is an American feminist artist and professor emerita of film and photography at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts.

## Biography

In the 1980s, Hayden created a Sightings Natural History Series, in which "she has traveled to the four corners of the zoo, and to the very ends of the natural history museum" according to a review by Pamela Kessler in The Washington Post. In a review of work from her Dislocation/Relocation series, Jo Ann Lewis writes for The Washington Post that Hayden "composes her layered color photographs within the camera, often reusing the same film in two different cameras, one to establish background, another for foreground. With luck-and chance plays a big part-the resulting double exposures relate in some superficial way, as in one image of Eskimo masks superimposed upon a scene of masked Holloween revelers in Georgetown."
Hayden's later work focuses primarily on the theme of women's bodies as the site for larger cultural discourse. The five series highlighted on her website, Celestial Bodies (2011–ongoing), Passing Away (2010–2013), Voluminous (2003–2006), Ancient Statuary Series (1996–2000), and Figure Model Series (1991–1996) all photograph women with typically marginalized body types—i.e. the aging female body, or overweight women. In 2000 profile of Hayden for The Chronicle of Higher Education, Zoe Ingalls writes, "her goal is to challenge preconceived notions of beauty and, in the process, combat stereotypes about old people and the aging process." In a 2018 review of a group exhibition, Maura Reilly of ARTnews writes, "Hayden's images of heavyset elderly women in the nude pointed up the obsession with beauty and youth."
Since 1991, Hayden has been a professor emerita of Film and Photography at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts. Hayden works with Hampshire College's Study abroad program in Havana, Cuba, where she has worked to create a historical archive of the old city.

## Awards

* John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship
* National Endowment for the Arts Individual Artist Fellowship
# Bošnjane

Bošnjane may refer to:
* Bošnjane (Paraćin), a village in Serbia
* Bošnjane (Rača), a village in Serbia
* Bošnjane (Varvarin), a village in Serbia
# Caladenia radialis

Caladenia radialis, commonly known as the drooping spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, hairy leaf and one or two red and cream-coloured flowers. In good seasons it forms clumps of up to ten plants.

## Description

Caladenia radialis is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and which often forms clumps of up to ten plants after good rainfall. It has a single erect, hairy leaf, 50–180 mm (2–7 in) long and about 6 mm (0.2 in) wide. One or two red and cream-coloured flowers 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in) long and 40–80 mm (2–3 in) wide are borne on a stalk 150–350 mm (6–10 in) tall. The sepals and petals have long, brown, drooping thread-like tips. The dorsal sepal curves forward and is 25–45 mm (1–2 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. The lateral sepals and petals have about the same dimensions as the dorsal sepal although the lateral sepals are slightly wider. The labellum is 12–15 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide and cream-coloured with red lines. The sides of the labellum sometimes have a few short teeth, the tip is curled under and there is a dense band of red or cream-coloured calli along the mid-line. Flowering occurs from August to early October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia radialis was first described in 1927 by Richard Rogers from a specimen collected near Dowerin and the description was published in Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia. The specific epithet (radialis) is derived from the Latin word radius meaning "ray", "rod" or "spoke", referring to the radiating red lines on the labellum.

## Distribution and habitat

The drooping spider orchid is found between the Fitzgerald River National Park and Northampton in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions where it grows in a range of habitats including on granite outcrops and near the edges of salt lakes.

## Conservation

Caladenia radialis is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# James J. Thomson

James John Thomson (25 December 1851 – 23 July 1915) was a Scottish footballer who played in three international matches for Scotland. Thomson appeared in the first official international football match, a goalless draw with England, and also took part in the fixture in the two subsequent years. Like the majority of the earliest Scotland internationals, he played club football with Queen's Park, winning the inaugural edition of the Scottish Cup in 1874 as team captain, before relocating to London on business shortly afterwards.