OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colt Defense

Colt Defense LLC, together with its subsidiaries, is an American designer, developer and manufacturer of small arms weapons systems for individual soldiers and law enforcement personnel. It is headquartered in West Hartford, Connecticut. The company traces its portfolio of products and services back to Colt's Manufacturing Company and prior to that to Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company.
The company and its predecessors have supplied small arms weapons systems to the United States Government and other governments throughout the world since the Mexican–American War of 1847.

## History

In 2000 it acquired Canadian arms maker Diemaco and which it would sell to Colt in 2005.
In its 2002 reorganization, Colt's Manufacturing Company, Inc. split off Colt Defense to supply military, law enforcement and security markets. Sales to the U.S. Government (including U.S. Government sales to foreign governments) accounted for 57% of net sales in 2010 and 33% of net sales through the first three quarters of 2011, the change being a result of both reduced purchases of the M4 carbine by the U.S. military, and increasing direct sales to foreign government customers.
On October 14, 2010, the company announced that the board of directors had appointed Gerald R. Dinkel as president and chief executive officer of the company, succeeding William M. Keys, who remains on the board of directors as chairman.
In 2013, Colt Defense acquired New Colt Holding Corp., parent company of Colt's Manufacturing Company LLC, forming a single company to develop, manufacture and sell firearms under the Colt name for all markets. On 15 June 2015, Colt Defense filed for bankruptcy, citing both assets and debts in the $100 million to $500 million range.
In January 2016, Colt Defense announced that the bankruptcy court had approved its restructuring plan.
Colt Canada Corporation, its Canadian subsidiary, is the Canadian government's Center of Excellence for small arms and is the Canadian military’s sole supplier of the C7 rifle and C8 carbine. Colt Canada began as Diemaco in 1974 and was acquired by Colt in 2005 from Héroux-Devtek. The company and its subsidiaries maintain manufacturing facilities in West Hartford, Connecticut and Kitchener, Ontario.

## Products

Colt was the original producer of the M16 rifle, rights to which it purchased from designer ArmaLite, and today offers a complete "Family of Weapons" based around the derivative M4 Carbine, which includes a heavy barreled rifle (HBAR), a carbine with sliding stock (M4 & ACC-M), a personal defense weapon with folding-collapsible buttstock (SCW), a piston carbine (APC), a Commando M4 with a 10.5 in. (26.7 cm) barrel, an infantry automatic rifle (IARTM), a submachine gun chambered for 9mm ammunition, and the 40mm M203 grenade launcher.
In July 2012, the U.S. Marine Corps awarded Colt a five-year, Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity contract for up to 12,000 M-45 MEUSOC Close Quarter Battle Pistols (CQBP) based on the current embodiment of the M1911 pistol design.
# Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968

The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968 (c. 9) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

## The Act

The Act amended the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 (that had stripped most citizens of Commonwealth countries of the rights of entry, abode and employment in the United Kingdom), further reducing rights of citizens of the Commonwealth of Nations countries (as of 2024, comprising approximately 2.5 billion people) to migrate to the UK. More importantly, it extended the restrictions of the earlier act to apply to British citizens (termed Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies) so that the Act restricted the future right of entry into that part of the territory of the British Realm that lay within the British Isles (ie., the United Kingdom), previously enjoyed by all Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies, to those born there or who had at least one parent or grandparent born there.

## Impact

It was introduced amid concerns that up to 200,000 Kenyan Asians, fleeing that country's "Africanization" policy, would take up their right to reside in the UK (ethnic-Indians in British African colonies had been permitted to retain British citizenship to avoid them becoming stateless should they be denied the citizenship of their newly-independent nations - newly independent Uganda would also expel ethnic-Indians). The bill went through parliament in three days, supported by the leadership of both the governing Labour and main opposition Conservative parties, though opposed by some Labour backbenchers, a few Conservatives such as Iain Macleod and Michael Heseltine, and the small parliamentary Liberal Party.

## Aftermath

In the wake of these subsequent reforms of the law on immigration from the Commonwealth to Britain, it became clear that the view of UK Government about immigration was changing. As the states in the British Commonwealth achieved independence, and the idea of a British Empire ceased to be a reality, the Government decided that a more reserved, conservative approach to immigration was necessary. Hundreds of thousands of African, Asian, and Caribbean expectant immigrants arrived by other methods, including through Europe and by methods that did not involve them having immigration visas. The 1968 Act was superseded by the Immigration Act 1971.
When cabinet papers were released under the 30-year rule, they showed that the legislation was intentionally aimed at "coloured immigrants", and that the cabinet had received legal advice that the bill would breach international law. Home Secretary James Callaghan had made the proposal for emergency legislation at a special cabinet committee on 13 February 1968. The minutes noted the bill "might be presented as the government giving way to racial prejudice".
# Coluzea wormaldi

Coluzea wormaldi is a species of large sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Columbariidae.
# John Henslow (Surveyor of the Navy)

Sir John Henslow (9 October 1730 – 22 September 1815) was a Surveyor to the Navy in the British (Royal Navy), a post he held jointly or solely from 1784 to 1806.

## Career

He was 7th child of John Henslow, a master carpenter in the dockyard at Woolwich.
* 1745 Apprenticed to Sir Thomas Slade
* 1762 Master Boat Builder at Woolwich
* 1771 Assistant Surveyor to the Navy
* 1784 Surveyor to the Navy
* 1793 Knighted
* 1806 retired to Sittingbourne, Kent
Cape Henslow on Guadalcanal is named after him.
From 1793 he worked jointly with William Rule.
Among the vessels he designed were the Acute-class gun-brigs and four frigates to the same design, the first of which was Phoebe. He also designed the Bloodhound-class gun-brigs and Conquest-class gun-brigs. The Laurel-class post ship sixth rates were a series of six ships built to his 1805 design. Perhaps his smallest vessels were the two Placentia-class sloops of 42 tons burthen, which he designed for coastal patrol duties off Newfoundland.

## Family

His son John Prentis Henslow, solicitor, was father of John Stevens Henslow. He was also the grandfather of Francis Hartwell Henslowe, who was the son of Edward Prentis Henslow.
# Commercial Solvents Corporation v Commission

Commercial Solvents Corporation v Commission (1974) Cases 6/73 and 7/73 is an EU competition law case, concerning monopoly and abuse of a dominant position.

## Facts

Commercial Solvents Corp (also Istituto Chemioterapico Italiano SpA was being sued) ceased selling aminobutanol to Zoja, which was used to make an anti-tuberculosis drug. CSC decided to start making the drug itself, and so stopped selling to Zoja.

## Judgment

The ECJ held that CSC was dominant and abused its position.
   25. ... an undertaking which has a dominant position in the market in raw materials and which, with the object of reserving such raw material for manufacturing its own derivatives, refuses to supply a customer, which is itself a manufacturer of these derivatives, and therefore risks eliminating all competition on the part of this customer, is abusing its dominant position.
# John James Meikle

John James Meikle (c. 1845 – 25 November 1937) was a New Zealand farmer and litigant.
He was born in Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland in c. 1845 and arrived in New Zealand in early 1870. On the evidence brought by a private detective who received a sizeable reward and despite a character reference by former prime minister, Sir Robert Stout, Meikle was convicted of sheep stealing and served five years in prison. After some years of collecting evidence, Meikle laid a charge of perjury against the private detective, who was sent to prison for four years. Meikle petitioned parliament for £10,000 compensation and after a lengthy debate, he was awarded £500 in 1897, which covered about 10% of his costs. Meikle continued his campaign to fully clear his name, but two Supreme Court judges assigned to the case took a dim view. Meikle died in 1937 a "bitter and broken" man. His case was "one of the most remarkable cases" in New Zealand's legal history. He was buried at Dunedin Southern Cemetery.
Meikle contested the 1901 Caversham by-election. Of six candidates, he came last with just 0.59% of the vote.
# Compagnie des bauxites de Kindia

Compagnie des bauxites de Kindia (CBK) is a Guinean company in the mining sector. Since 2001, it has mined the large Kindia Bauxite deposit in Kindia, in Guinea.
Guinea is the fifth largest producer of bauxite in the world, but the country possesses the largest ore reserves. Estimates are as high as 25 billion tons, or the majority of the world's reserves.
, The company has an annual production capacity of 3.5 million tons. They operate open-air mining pits and use two primary extraction methods: drilling and blasting technology, and thin-layer production using Wirtgen 2200SM mining machines

## History

CBK was founded as a wholly state-owned enterprise, but was later transformed into a limited liability corporation, Société des Bauxites de Kindia. In 2001, SBK was transferred to the Russian mining giant RUSAL (Russki Alumina), for a 25 year term, and has since been operating as CBK. It supplies over 65 percent of its total bauxite output to the Nikolaev alumina refinery in Ukraine whereas the rest is exported to other locations. The company supplies about 25% of RUSALs total bauxite output. RUSAL also owns the Friguia bauxite and aluminum complex through its wholly owned subsidiary Alumina Company of Guinea (ACG) The company, alongside other mining companies in Guinea, has been criticized for human rights violations. There have been several strikes and demonstrations against the company's policies. In 2009, workers protested against inadequate working conditions, poor pay, and worse living conditions compared to employees of other mining companies. and again in 2012, workers protested that they be paid quarterly wages of 120 US Dollars. They showed their support by marching on the companies train tracks, temporarily preventing shipments from reaching the port. The company has also been accosted by NGOs for not paying its fair share of taxes.
# John Jones (Medal of Honor)

John Jones (August 25, 1841 – August 15, 1907) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of America's highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the American Civil War.

## Biography

As a Landsman serving on the USS Rhode Island, Jones assisted in the rescue of crew from the sinking ironclad USS Monitor.
Jones later reached the rank of Ordinary Seaman. He is buried in an unmarked grave in St. Mary's Cemetery, Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

## Medal of Honor citation

Landsman Jones' official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   Served on board the U.S.S. Rhode Island, which was engaged in saving the lives of the officers and crew of the Monitor, 30 December 1862. Participating in the hazardous rescue of the officers and crew of the sinking Monitor, Jones, after rescuing several of the men, became separated in a heavy gale with other members of the cutter that had set out from the Rhode Island, and spent many hours in the small boat at the mercy of the weather and high seas until finally picked up by a schooner 50 miles east of Cape Hatteras
# John Jones (Carmarthenshire MP)

John Jones (1812 – 28 February 1886) was a Welsh banker and Conservative Party politician.

## Early life

Born near Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, he was the third son of John and Mary Jones. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple, but never practised as a barrister. He married Anne Thomas, daughter of Major David Thomas of Wellfield House, Radnorshire in 1842. He lived at the family estate of Blaenôs, Llandovery and had a townhouse in St James's, London. He held the office of High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire in 1854 and was a justice of the peace and deputy lieutenant for Carmarthenshire.

## Banking

His grandfather, David Jones, had established a bank in Llandovery in 1799, and on his death in 1839 the business passed to John and his elder brothers David and William. The brothers expanded the bank as David Jones & Company.

## Member of parliament

In 1868, John's elder brother David Jones, one of two members of parliament for the County of Carmarthenshire, announced that he was retiring due to ill-health. John was chosen to defend the seat for the Conservative Party. He was elected at the 1868 general election and held the seat unopposed until 1880. At the general election of that year he was defeated by a Liberal party candidate, Walter Powell.

## Death

Towards the end of his life, Jones was said to have aged suddenly, although he continued to walk back and forth on a daily basis to the town of Llandovery, around a mile and a half from his home. He had done so on the day of his death but, shortly after his return, he died suddenly having collapsed in a field while watching some men ploughing. His death was attributed to heart disease.
# John Jones (Ivon)

John Jones, often known as Ivon (10 May 1820 - 6 September 1898) was a Welsh radical and man of letters, who played a prominent role in the political life of Cardiganshire and beyond in the late nineteenth century. He was a close acquaintance of the radical preacher Kilsby Jones.
Jones was born in the Mynydd-bach area in upland Cardiganshire, received little formal education. He became a grocer and relatively prosperous tradesman in Aberystwyth where he lived from 1835 until his death.
He actively participated in the religious and literary life of Aberystwyth, before it became a university town. He was the secretary of the National Eisteddfod held at Aberystwyth in 1865, and received a gold medal for his services. He was an active Calvinistic Methodist. In later years, he published material on history and folklore.
In 1865, Ivon was a prominent supporter of David Davies in his unsuccessful campaign in the Cardiganshire constituency.
Ivon died on 6 September 1898 and was buried at Aberystwyth.
# John Jones (Coch Bach y Bala)

John Jones, (1854–1913) known as Coch Bach y Bala was a Welsh criminal. His nickname, Coch Bach y Bala, literally translates as 'Little Redhead of Bala'. He is also known as the Welsh Houdini for having escaped on more than one occasion from Ruthin Gaol.
A habitual criminal, Jones spent over half his life in prison from which he made repeated attempts (some successful) to escape.
His first successful escape was in 1879 when he escaped from Ruthin Gaol while on remand for stealing some watches. By some method he opened the door of his cell and walked out of the front door of the gaol while the staff were having their evening meal. He was recaptured three month later near Colwyn Bay.
In 1900 he attempted to escape from Caernarfon Gaol while awaiting transfer to Dartmoor prison. Barricading himself in his cell he began to tunnel out but was unsuccessful.
Following two lengthy sentences in Dartmoor for burglary, Jones returned to North Wales and within months on his release was convicted of yet another burglary. Held in Ruthin Gaol while awaiting transfer, this time to Stafford Gaol, he tunnelled through the cell wall and climbed over the prison walls using a rope made from bedclothes. Six days later while being tracked on land near Llanelidan he was shot in the leg by Reginald Jones-Bateman and bled to death from the wound.
He was buried in the graveyard of St Elidan's Church in Llanelidan, Denbighshire.
Because of his exploits in escaping he was held in some regard by the local population and his funeral was well attended. His escapades were well reported in the press; describing his last escape the local paper wrote:
   SENSATIONAL ESCAPE FROM RUTHIN PRISON John Jones … effected his escape from Ruthin Prison on Tuesday morning, in a sensational manner, and at the time of writing is still at large. He gained his liberty as the result of indomitable pluck, great astuteness, and wonderful agility … ‘Coch Bach’ is regarded by some as a hero; his performance is certainly a daring piece of work. The escape took place between four and five o’clock in the morning, before the majority of the warders entered upon their duties… The daring manner of his escape, and the quickness with which he left behind him the precincts of the prison baffled the gaol authorities and the police.
# John Locke (MP)

John Locke (1805 – 28 January 1880) was an English barrister, author and Liberal Party politician.
The only son of John Locke, a surveyor of Herne Hill, he was educated at Dulwich College. Reading law at Trinity College, Cambridge, he left with an MA in 1832 and was called to the Bar from the Inner Temple in 1833.
Between 1845 and 1857 he was a common pleader of the City of London, and counsel to the Inland Revenue. He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Southwark at the general election in April 1857, and held the seat until his death. He was mainly active in causes for the working class and local government, introducing a bill that give witnesses in criminal cases the right to affirm as in civil cases.
He died in February 1880 and was buried in the catacombs at West Norwood Cemetery.
# John Leahy

John Leahy is the name of:

## Australia

* John Leahy (footballer) (1941–1980), Australian rules footballer
* John Leahy (Australian politician) (1854–1909), Australian Conservative politician, 1893–1909

## Ireland

* John Leahy (hurler) (born 1969), former Irish hurler
* John Patrick Kenneth Leahy (1907–1963), Irish Roman Catholic priest
* Johnny Leahy (1890–1949), Irish hurler
* John Leahy (Irish politician), Leader of Renua Ireland

## United States of America

* John Leahy (executive) (born 1950), American executive at Airbus
* John E. Leahy (1842–1915), American politician
* John Martin Leahy (1886–1967), American short story writer, novelist and artist
# John Ludwig Wees

John Ludwig Wees (1861 - 1942) was an architect in the United States. Several buildings he designed in St. Louis, Missouri and Paris, Texas are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. He immigrated to the United States and moved west to St. Louis where he eventually became a partner at the firm Beinke & Wees.
He was involved in a lawsuit seeking fees for work he did while part of Beinke & Wees. He moved to Paris, Texas after a fire destroyed part of its downtown.

## Work

* Beethoven Conservatory, 2301 Locust St. in St. Louis (Beinke & Wees). NRHP listed
* Lewis Dozier Mansion in St. Louis
* 1907 Dorris Motor Car Company Building at 4063-4065 Forest Park Avenue in St. Louis, NRHP listed
* Dorris Motor Car Company building at 4100 Laclede in St. Louis
* Old B'nai El Temple, 3666 Flad Avenue in St. Louis. NRHP listed.
* Edwin F. Guth Company Complex at 2615 Washington Avenue in St. Louis, NRHP listed
* Halsey-Packard Building, 2201-11 Locust in St. Louis. NRHP listed
* Lister Building, 4500 Olive St. in St. Louis. NRHP listed.
* Scott-Roden Mansion, 425 S. Church St. in Paris, Texas. NRHP listed
* Building in Paris Commercial Historic District in Paris, Texas
# Compass Bank Building

Compass Bank Building is the former name of buildings in the United States in which Compass Bancshares was a tenant:
* Daniel Building, Birmingham, Alabama
* Compass Bank Building (Albuquerque), New Mexico
# Comptus maculatus

Comptus maculatus, the Cayman galliwasp, is a species of lizard of the Diploglossidae family endemic to the Cayman Islands.

## Taxonomy

It was formerly classified in the genus Celestus, but was moved to Comptus in 2021.
# John M. Jaycox

John M. Jaycox was an American businessman and politician from New York.

## Life

He lived in Syracuse, New York. He was a wholesale grocer and co-owner, with John A. Green, of the Syracuse Courier.
He was a Canal Commissioner from 1858 to 1860, elected as a Hard on the Democratic ticket in 1857. In 1860, he ran for re-election on the National Democratic ticket but was defeated by Republican Samuel H. Barnes.
In 1861, Jaycox, Thomas G. Alvord and others were authorized by the New York State Legislature to build a railroad from Syracuse to Geddes, New York.
In 1867, he was President of the Syracuse, Fayetteville and Manlius Railroad which then had a length of 10 miles.

## Sources

* The Breckinridge and Lane Democratic State Convention in NYT on August 9, 1860
* The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1867; page 406)
* Annual Report of the Railroad Commission (1868; pages 671f)
* Laws of the State of New York (1861; page 486)
* This article about a politician from the state of New York is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Conny Stuart

Conny Stuart (5 September 1913 – 22 August 2010), pseudonym of Cornelia van Meijgaard, was a Dutch actress, singer, and cabaretière.

## Biography

Stuart was born in Wijhe and grew up in The Hague, near the Peace Palace. Her father was the administrator of the baron.
During her education at the HBS Bleyenburg she took on the name "Stuart" and took piano lessons. In this period, she got the nickname "Puck". Stuart started her career as chansonnière and performed with the band of Freddy Johnson. On 25 July 1939 she made her radio debut.
In World War II, Stuart met Wim Sonneveld, and began to perform in his ensemble. Sonneveld stimulated her comic qualities, for instance by letting his stage writer Hella Haasse write a farcical song like "Yvonne de spionne" for her. In the 1950s she became the leading lady of the show. Annie M.G. Schmidt, who wrote for the shows in those days, made sure she at least had one solo per show. She also could be heard in popular comical radio shows like Mimosa and Koek en ei.
In those years she was married to Henri Hofman and had two sons. But in 1957 she divorced and married fellow actor Joop Doderer. The two later divorced in 1960.
From the 1960s on, she became one of The Netherlands' greatest musical stars. She mainly acted in the musicals of Annie M.G. Schmidt and Harry Bannink, including their first, Heerlijk duurt het langst from 1965. The show was an incredible success, and Schmidt and Bannink wrote four more musicals for her. She ended her career in 1985 with her stage show De Stuart Story, accompanied by Louis van Dijk, where she performed old success songs and new songs written for her by Schmidt.
# John Oakley

John Oakley may refer to:
* John Oakley (surveyor) (1867–1946), British surveyor
* John C. Oakley (1946–2006), American neurosurgeon
* John Oakley (cricketer) (1925–2013), New Zealand cricketer
* John Oakley (priest) (1834–1890), English divine and former Dean of Manchester Cathedral, 1884–1890