OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Felix of Aquitaine

Felix (floruit 660s) was a patrician in the Frankish kingdom under the Merovingians. He had his seat at Toulouse. According to the tenth-century Miracula sancti Martialis lemovicensis, Felix was "a noble and renowned patrician from the town of Toulouse, who had obtained authority over all the cities up to the Pyrenees and over the iniquitous people of the Wascones," that is, the Basques. Felix is probably the first ruler of the Duchy of Aquitaine that evolved from the old kingdom of Charibert II in the decades following his death (632) and Dagobert I's subjection of the Basques. Although he stands at the head of the list of semi-independent rulers of Aquitaine that extends through the Middle Ages, he is described as "mysterious" and "obscure".
Felix was probably a supporter of Chlothar III and his majordomo, Ebroin. His patriciate corresponds to the years when Chlothar's appointee, Erembert, was bishop of Toulouse. After Chlothar's death (673), Erembert retired and Chlothar's brother, Childeric II, took over the throne and deposed Ebroin. At this time, a certain Lupus, whom the Miracula describes as "coming to" Felix, presided over a regional synod at Bordeaux, though Felix was still in power in Aquitaine at that time. This synod was held under Childeric II, indicating continued Frankish sovereignty or suzerainty over Aquitaine and Gascony at that time, but a subsequent break with the Merovingians appears to have occurred following Childeric's death in 675. Lupus is often considered a protégé of Felix, to whom the latter delegated Gascony, and who eventually succeeded him over all Aquitaine. On the other hand, he was an opponent to Ebroin, and so may have been an enemy of Felix who usurped authority in Gascony. Later Lupus had control over southern Aquitaine and was trying to assert it in the north when he died.
# Fe3+-transporting ATPase

In enzymology, a Fe3+-transporting ATPase (EC 7.2.2.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    ATP + H$_2$O + Fe$_3$+out $\rightleftharpoons$ ADP + phosphate + Fe$_3$+in
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H$_2$O, and Fe3+, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and Fe3+.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides to catalyse transmembrane movement of substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (ferric-ion-transporting). This enzyme participates in abc transporters - general.
# Fearnley

Fearnley may refer to:
* Fearnley (Norwegian family)
* Albert Fearnley, English rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s, and coached in the 1960s and 1970s (father of Stanley Fearnley)
* Duncan Fearnley, English cricketer and cricket bat manufacturer
* Gordon Fearnley, English soccer player
* Harry Fearnley (footballer born 1923), English soccer player
* Harry Fearnley (footballer born 1935), English soccer player
* James Fearnley, English musician
* Kurt Fearnley, Australian wheelchair racer
* Michael Fearnley, English cricketer
* Stanley Fearnley, English rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s, and 1970s (son of Albert Fearnley)
* Terry Fearnley, Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s, and coach in the 1970s and 1980s
* Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, English celebrity chef, smallholder, television presenter and journalist
* Jane Fearnley-Whittingstall, English writer and garden designer
# Felicidad (Margherita)

"Felicidad (Margherita)" is a 1980 single by German band Boney M., not included in any original album by the group. It returned the group to the German Top 10, peaking at #6 but was not released in either the UK or Spain. In the Netherlands, the B-side "Strange" was chosen as the A-side track. "Felicidad" and its B-side "Strange" were included in the 2 x 12" set Boney M. for Dancin' and were added as bonus tracks to the 2007 re-issue of Boney M.'s Boonoonoonoos album.

## Felicidad (Margherita)

Boney M.'s version was a cover of Italian artist Massara's 1979 summer hit "Margherita (Love In The Sun)" which was sung in Italian and was released in English in the UK under the title "Margarita (Mamma, Oh Mamma)". It borrowed the title "Felicidad" (Spanish for "Happiness") from the chorus of the Italian version ("Felicità"), substituting the line "Love in the Sun" from Massara's English version. Due to a frosty relationship to the group's members at the time, producer Frank Farian tried to record it with session singers La Mama (Cathy Bartney, Patricia Shockley, Madeleine Davis) and himself only on vocals but was forced by record company Hansa to overdub Boney M. singers Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett's vocals.
First pressings of the single feature a 4:58 mix which includes the fourth verse My anticipation, no I cannot delay. It doesn't fade in the third chorus but fades drastically as La Mama can be heard singing the lines Mama mama mama ... on their own. The second mix fades at 4:33 (in the middle of the chorus) and was issued on the French 7" single. The third and final mix (4:31) edits out the fourth verse and fades at the end of the third chorus. In Italy, the single was released backed with "Children of Paradise", while an early German test pressing has "Calendar Song" from "Oceans of Fantasy" on the B-side.
The German 12" single featured an 11:46 mix of the song while the French 12" single featured an alternate mix, running a full 12 minutes.

## Releases

7" Single
* "Felicidad (Margherita)" – 4:58 / "Strange" (Bobby Dobson) – 3:18 (Hansa 102 681-100, Germany)
* "Felicidad (Margherita)" (Final mix) – 4:31 / "Strange" – 3:28 (Hansa 102 681-100, Germany)
* "Felicidad (Margherita)" (Second edit) – 4:33 / "Strange" – 3:18 (Carrere 49.709, France)
12" Single
* "Felicidad (Margherita)" (Long version) – 11:46 / "Strange" – 3:28 (Hansa 600 311-213, Germany)
* "Felicidad (Margherita)" (Long version) – 12:00 / "Strange" – 3:28 (Carrere 8.107, France)

## Felicidad America (Obama-Obama)

Paying tribute to the newly elected president of the United States of America, Barack Obama, Frank Farian re-recorded Boney M.'s 1980 hit with singers Sherita O. (previously from girl group Gift) and Yulee B. with slightly re-written lyrics. The single is available in an English and a Spanglish version.

## Charts

| Chart (1981) | Peak position |
| Argentina (Singles Sales) | 13 |
# Ferguson Township, Pennsylvania

Ferguson Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:
* Ferguson Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania
* Ferguson Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
# Ferguson Township, St. Louis County, Missouri

Ferguson Township is a township in St. Louis County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. Its population was 34,923 as of the 2010 census.
# Fen Alder Carr

Fen Alder Carr is a 1.7 hectare Local Nature Reserve south-east of Creeting St Peter in Suffolk. It is owned by Suffolk County Council.
This site has diverse habitats, including open water, alder carr woodland and tall fen. There is a large rookery high in the trees, and there are other birds such as siskins, chaffinches and redpolls.
There is access from Fen Lane.
# Fen (name)

Fen is a given name, sometimes of Chinese origin, especially as a transliteration of the Chinese character 芬 (pinyin: Fēn).
Fen may also be a surname in countries other than China, such as Uzbekistan where it is represented in Cyrillic as Фен.
Fen or Fenna is also an unrelated Frisian name.
Fen is also a gender neutral given name in English, meaning wetland fed by ground or surface water.

## Given name

* Fen Yang (born 1982), Congolese table tennis player of Chinese origin
* Yao Fen (b. 1967), Chinese badminton Olympic medal winner
Fen is also a part of the names of several other notable people, including:
* Lin Yan Fen (b. 1971), Chinese badminton Olympic medal winner
* Min Xiao-Fen (living), Chinese-American musician

### Other

* Fen Cresswell (1915-1966), cricketer from New Zealand
* Fen McDonald, (1891–1915), Australian footballer
* Fen Osler Hampson
# Puttur, Andhra Pradesh Assembly constituency

Puttur Assembly constituency was an Assembly constituency of the Madras Legislative Assembly until States Reorganisation Act, 1956 transferred it to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It was one of constituencies in Chittoor district.

## Overview

It was part of the Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly
### Madras State

* 1951: Kumaraswamy Rajah Bahadur (Raja of Karvetnagar), Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party
* 1952 by-election: RBV Sundarsana Varma, Indian National Congress

### Andhra State

* 1955: Tarimela Ramachandrareddi, Indian National Congress

### Andhra Pradesh

| Year | Member | Political party |
| 1962 | Tarimela Nagireddy | Communist Party of India |
| 1967 | G. Sivaiah | Communist Party of India |
| 1972 | Elavarthi Gopal Raju | Indian National Congress |
| 1978 | KB Siddaiah | Janata Party |
| 1983 | Gali Muddukrishnama Naidu | Telugu Desam Party |
| 1985 | Gali Muddukrishnama Naidu | Telugu Desam Party |
| 1989 | Gali Muddukrishnama Naidu | Telugu Desam Party |
| 1994 | Gali Muddukrishnama Naidu | Telugu Desam Party |
| 1999 | Reddivari Rajasekhar Reddy | Telugu Desam Party |
| 2004 | Gali Muddukrishnama Naidu | Indian National Congress |
2008 onwards: Nagari. This Assembly constituency was merged with neighbouring Nagari seat. The longest serving legislator of this erstwhile Puttur constituency Mr.Gali Muddukrishnama Naidu got elected from Nagari in 2009 elections and lost against Actress turned Politician RK Roja in 2014 elections.

## Election results
### 2004

2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Puttur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | Gali Muddhu Krishnama Naidu | 65,788 | 62.49 |
| | TDP | Kandati Sankar Reddy | 35,837 | 34.04 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 29,951 | 28.45 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,05,284 | 75.73 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,39,019 | |
| | INC gain from TDP | INC gain from TDP | Swing | |

### 1952

1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election: Puttur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | KMPP | Kumaraswami Rajah Bahadur | 37,500 | 76.80% | |
| | INC | B. Ramakrishna Raju | 11,331 | 23.20% | 23.20% |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 26,169 | 53.59% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 48,831 | 58.56% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 83,392 | | |
| | KMPP win (new seat) | KMPP win (new seat) | KMPP win (new seat) | KMPP win (new seat) | KMPP win (new seat) |
# List of magazines in Lithuania

The following is an incomplete list of current and defunct magazines published in Lithuania. They are published in Lithuanian or other languages.
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* See also

## A

* Aidai

## C

* Centras

## I

* Iliustruotasis mokslas

## L

* Laima

## M

* Magazyn Wilenski
* Mūsų senovė

## N

* Namas ir aš
* Naujoji Romuva

## P

* Panelė
* Pergalė
* Pravda

## S

* SPO:)

## V

* Valstybė
* Veidas
# Annis Mound and Village site

The Annis Mound and Village site (15BT2, 15BT20, and 15BT21) is a prehistoric Middle Mississippian culture archaeological site located on the bank of the Green River in Butler County, Kentucky, several miles northwest of Morgantown in the Big Bend region. It was occupied from about 800 CE to about 1300 CE.
The site consisted of a platform mound (15 BT 2) measuring 33.5 metres (110 ft) square by 3.7 metres (12 ft) in height with special use structures at its summit. It was surrounded by the village area (15 BT 20) which was situated north of the generally east to west course of the Green River at the sites location. The village featured domestic structures and several sequential iterations of an encircling defensive palisade of upright tree trunks. The palisade was built three different times in the site's history; each one larger than its predecessor and encircling an expanded village area. A bastion was discovered in the northwest corner of the last version of the palisade. Agriculture was based on the cultivation of maize as a staple of the diet. Ceramics found at the site were typical Mississippian culture pottery; although a few sherds of high status pottery from the Cahokia site were discovered during excavations of the platform mound summit structure.
The site also features a 1 metre (3.3 ft) in height 30 metres (98 ft) by 35 metres (115 ft) circular feature known as the Annis Sand Mound (15 BT 21) that dates from the Archaic period. This feature lies directly north of the village area and outside of the area encompassed by the palisade.
A 9 acres (3.6 ha) area at the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as "Annis Mound and Village Site" in 1985.
# 1947 Harbor Bowl

The 1947 Harbor Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 1947 at Balboa Stadium in San Diego, California. The game pitted the New Mexico Lobos and the Montana State Bobcats. This was the inaugural Harbor Bowl game played.

## Background

The Lobos were 4-2-1 in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association, with wins over Northern Arizona, West Texas A&M, New Mexico State, and Texas Western. They lost to Hardin-Simmons (the BIAA champion), Utah, Colorado, Texas Tech and Hawaii All-Stars, while tying Arizona. This was their fourth bowl game appearance in eight years. Montana State (who were of independent affiliation) won games over BYU, Northern Colorado, Portland, North Dakota State, and Colorado Mines, while losing games to Utah State, Montana and Nevada, while tying Colorado College. This was their first ever bowl game.

## Game summary

* New Mexico - Lou Cullen 26 pass from Hubert Hackett (kick failed)
* Montana State - Neil Brooks 48 run (Bourdet run)
* Montana State - Ken Card 7 pass from Gene Bourdet (kick blocked)
* New Mexico - Bryan Brock 2 run (Hackett kick)
The Lobos rebounded from a 13-6 deficit to tie the game. The Lobos had the chance to win the game in the final minutes as they drove down the field to the 12 yard line of the Bobcats. A quarterback sack dropped them back to the 24, which set up a try for Hubert Hackett from 35 yards out. The kick was no good, however, and the game ended in a tie.

## Statistics

| Statistics | New Mexico | Montana State |
| First downs | 12 | 12 |
| Rushing yards | 182 | 155 |
| Passing yards | 83 | 180 |
| Total yards | 265 | 335 |
| Passing | 4–13–3 | 7–16–3 |
| Punt average | 38.0 | 50.0 |

## Aftermath

New Mexico did not go to a bowl game again until 1961. Montana State returned to a bowl game in 1956, which served as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) championship game
# List of Buffalo Bisons managers

The Buffalo Bisons were a Major League Baseball team that was based in Buffalo, New York. They played in the National League from 1879 through 1885. During their time as a Major League team, the Bisons employed five different managers. The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field.

## Table key

| # | A running total of the number of Metropolitans' managers. Any manager who has two or more separate terms is only counted once. |
| G | Number of regular season games managed; may not equal sum of wins and losses due to tie games |
| W | Number of regular season wins in games managed |
| L | Number of regular season losses in games managed |
| WPct | Winning percentage: number of wins divided by number of games managed |
| PA | Playoff appearances: number of years this manager has led the franchise to the playoffs |
| PW | Playoff wins: number of wins this manager has accrued in the playoffs |
| PL | Playoff losses: number of losses this manager has accrued in the playoffs |
| LC | League Championships: number of League Championships, or pennants, achieved by the manager |
| WS | World Series: number of World Series victories achieved by the manager |

## Managers

| # | Manager | Seasons | G | W | L | WPct | PA | PW | PL | LC | WS |
| 1 | John Clapp | 1879 | 79 | 46 | 32 | .590 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2 | Sam Crane | 1880 | 84 | 24 | 58 | .293 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3 | Jim O'Rourke | 1881–1884 | 380 | 206 | 169 | .549 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 4 | Pud Galvin | 1885 | 24 | 7 | 17 | .292 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 5 | Jack Chapman | 1885 | 88 | 31 | 57 | .352 | — | — | — | — | — |
# List of schools in Tamworth

The following is a list of schools in Tamworth, Australia.

## Government schools

| School | Suburb |
| Bullimbal School | South Tamworth |
| Farrer Memorial Agricultural High School | Calala |
| Hillvue Public School | Hillvue |
| Nemingha Public School | Nemingha |
| Oxley High School | North Tamworth |
| Oxley Vale Public School | Oxley Vale |
| Parry School | West Tamworth |
| Peel High School | West Tamworth |
| Tamworth High School | South Tamworth |
| Tamworth Public School | East Tamworth |
| Tamworth South Public School | South Tamworth |
| Tamworth West Public School | West Tamworth |
| Timbumburi Public School | Kingswood |
| Westdale Public School | Westdale |

## Non-government schools

| School | Suburb |
| Calrossy Anglican School – Brisbane Street Campus Secondary Girls | East Tamworth |
| Calrossy Anglican School – William Cowper Campus Secondary Boys | North Tamworth |
| Calrossy Anglican School – William Cowper Campus Primary | North Tamworth |
| Carinya Christian School | Calala |
| McCarthy Catholic College | North Tamworth |
| St Edward's Catholic School | South Tamworth |
| St Joseph's Catholic School | West Tamworth |
| St Mary's Campus of St Nicholas School | Oxley Vale |
| St Nicholas Catholic School | East Tamworth |
# 1956 Women's Western Open

The 1956 Women's Western Open was contested from June 28 to July 1 at Wakonda Country Club. It was the 27th edition of the Women's Western Open.
This event was won by Beverly Hanson.

## Final leaderboard

| Place | Player | Score | To par | Money ($) |
| 1 | Beverly Hanson | 75-81-72-76=304 | E | 1,000 |
| 2 | Louise Suggs | 72-78-79-79=308 | +4 | 700 |
| 3 | Mickey Wright | 76-77-74-81=309 | +5 | 600 |
| T4 | Patty Berg | 75-80-80-76=311 | +7 | 463 |
| T4 | Marlene Bauer Hagge | 76-79-77-79=311 | +7 | 463 |
| T6 | Ruth Jessen (a) | 75-79-81-79=314 | +10 | 0 |
| T6 | Anne Quast (a) | 77-80-79-78=314 | +10 | 0 |
| T8 | Marilynn Smith | 80-79-80-78=317 | +13 | 350 |
| T8 | Jackie Yates (a) | 75-84-80-78=317 | +13 | 0 |
| 10 | Alice Bauer | 76-79-82-82=319 | +15 | 310 |
# 1947 Preston Municipal Borough Council election

Elections to Preston Municipal Borough council were held in late 1947.

## Results

Ashton :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | W Hearn | 2,698 | 90.3 | |
| | Communist | D Archer | 290 | 9.7 | |
Avenham :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | R Heaps | Unopposed | | |
Christ Church :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | M Wignall | 1,452 | 50.3 | |
| | Conservative | E Kent | 1,433 | 49.7 | |
Deepdale :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Conservative | H Beaumont | 4,129 | 55.0 |
| Labour | R Gillies | 3,299 | 43.9 |
| Communist | G Woods | 82 | 1.1 |
Fishwick (2 seats) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Labour | H Catterall | 2,275 | 50.7 |
| Labour | R Smith | 2,252 | |
| Independent | N Howard | 2,215 | 49.3 |
| Independent | R Duckworth | 2,131 | |
Maudland :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | B Ryder | 2,529 | 52.7 | |
| | Conservative | H Sharples | 2,269 | 47.3 | |
Moorbrook :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | H Gardner | 2,053 | 52.0 | |
| | Labour | C Tragen | 1,892 | 48.0 | |
Park :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | A Wiles | 2,614 | 51.3 | |
| | Labour | G Gardner | 2,483 | 48.7 | |
Ribbleton :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | F Hoskin | 3,171 | 52.6 | |
| | Conservative | J Howson | 2,860 | 47.4 | |
St Johns :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | W Slinger | 2,432 | 54.5 | |
| | Labour | J Henery | 2,033 | 45.5 | |
St Peters :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | L Short | 2,021 | 51.7 | |
| | Independent | W Wilson | 1,889 | 48.3 | |
Trinity :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | T Ainsworth | 1,500 | 52.7 | |
| | Labour | I Ellison | 1,346 | 47.3 | |
# 1960 Memphis State Tigers football team

The 1960 Memphis State Tigers football team represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1960 college football season. In its first year of competition in the University Division and its third season under head coach Billy J. Murphy, the team compiled an 8–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 303 to 85. Wayne Armstrong and Miller Matthews were the team captains. The team played its home games at Crump Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee.
The team's statistical leaders included James Earl Wright with 801 passing yards, James Earl Wright with 574 rushing yards, and Hal Sterling with 169 receiving yards, and James Earl Wright and John Griffin with 30 points scored each.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 17 | Arlington State | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | W 35–0 | 10,000 |
| September 24 | at Tennessee Tech | Overall FieldCookeville, TN | W 37–6 | |
| October 1 | No. 1 Ole Miss | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN (rivalry) | L 20–31 | 34,711 |
| October 8 | at North Texas State | Fouts FieldDenton, TX | W 44–0 | |
| October 15 | Hardin–Simmons | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | W 42–7 | |
| October 22 | at Mississippi State | Scott FieldStarkville, MS | L 0–21 | 27,000 |
| October 29 | VMI | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | W 21–8 | 10,933 |
| November 5 | Abilene Christian | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | W 55–6 | |
| November 12 | Chattanooga | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | W 42–0 | 9,000 |
| November 18 | at Mississippi Southern | Faulkner FieldHattiesburg, MS (rivalry) | W 7–6 | 7,367 |
| HomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# List of Cleveland Crusaders players

This is a list of players who played at least one game for the Cleveland Crusaders of the World Hockey Association from 1972–73 to 1975–76.
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## A

Ray Adduono, Ron Anderson, Paul Andrea

## B

Blake Ball, Terry Ball, Paul Baxter, Brian Bowles, Doug Brindley, Ron Buchanan, Brad Buetow

## C

Steve Cardwell, Jacques Caron, Gerry Cheevers, Ray Clearwater, Wayne Connelly, Mike Conroy, Norm Cournoyer

## D

Bob Dillabough

## E

Tom Edur, Grant Erickson, Bill Evo

## G

Danny Gruen

## H

John Hanna, Jocelyn Hardy, Jim Harrison, Bill Heindl, Larry Hillman, Wayne Hillman, Ted Hodgson, Terry Holbrook, Ralph Hopiavuori, Bill Horton

## J

Gary Jarrett, Bob Johnson

## K

Skip Krake

## L

Rich LeDuc, Barry Legge, Randy Legge

## M

Gary MacGregor, Bryan Maxwell, Al McDonough, Ray McKay, Jim McMasters, Lyle Moffat, Ron Morgan, Wayne Muloin

## N

Robbie Neale, Cam Newton

## P

Gerry Pinder, Rich Pumple

## R

Al Rycroft

## S

Glen Shirton, Paul Shmyr, John Stewart (born 1950), John Stewart (born 1954)

## T

Juhani Tamminen

## W

Russ Walker, Ron Ward, Bob Whidden, Jim Wiste

## Y

Bill Young
# 1,N6-Ethanoadenine

1,N$^6$-Ethanoadenine or epsilonA is a tricyclic derivative of adenine, where an ethylene bridge connect the amine group to the adjacent carbon on the six member ring, to add another five membered ring. This kind of modification can take place as a mutation of DNA. As a DNA modification it is called an etheno (ε) DNA adduct. Chloroacetaldehyde and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) can react with adenine to form 1,N$^6$-ethanoadenine.
Escherichia coli can fix these modifications using AlkB protein.
Another way to produce it is via cyclisation of N$^6$-hydroxyethyladenine with DIAD and triphenylphosphine in the Mitsunobu reaction in a THF/MeCN solvent or by reacting with SOCl$_2$.