OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1576 in science

The year 1576 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.

## Astronomy

* August 8 – Work begins on Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg observatory on Hven in Øresund.

## Botany

* Carolus Clusius publishes Rariorum aliquot stirpium per Hispanias observatarum historia, one of the earliest Floras of the Iberian Peninsula.
* probable date – Leonhard Rauwolf publishes the herbal Viertes Kreutterbuech – darein vil schoene und frembde Kreutter, the earliest Flora of the Near East.

## Exploration

* July 11 – English navigator Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
* August 11 – English navigator Martin Frobisher, on his search for the Northwest Passage, enters the bay now named after him.

## Geophysics

* Robert Norman measures magnetic dip.

## Births

* Salomon de Caus, French mechanical engineer (died 1626)
* Angelo Sala Italian doctor and early iatrochemist born in Venice (died 1637)

## Deaths

* June 2 – Volcher Coiter, Dutch anatomist (born 1534)
* September 21 – Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician and physician (born 1501)
* Richard Eden, English alchemist and translator of geographical works (born c.1520)
# Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation

Multiple Expectation maximizations for Motif Elicitation (MEME) is a tool for discovering motifs in a group of related DNA or protein sequences.
A motif is a sequence pattern that occurs repeatedly in a group of related protein or DNA sequences and is often associated with some biological function. MEME represents motifs as position-dependent letter-probability matrices which describe the probability of each possible letter at each position in the pattern. Individual MEME motifs do not contain gaps. Patterns with variable-length gaps are split by MEME into two or more separate motifs.
MEME takes as input a group of DNA or protein sequences (the training set) and outputs as many motifs as requested. It uses statistical modeling techniques to automatically choose the best width, number of occurrences, and description for each motif.
MEME is the first of a collection of tools for analyzing motifs called the MEME suite.

## Definition

The MEME algorithm could be understood from two different perspectives. From a biological point of view, MEME identifies and characterizes shared motifs in a set of unaligned sequences. From the computer science aspect, MEME finds a set of non-overlapping, approximately matching substrings given a starting set of strings.

## Use

MEME can be used to find similar biological functions and structures in different sequences. It is necessary to take into account that the sequences variation can be significant and that the motifs are sometimes very small. It is also useful to take into account that the binding sites for proteins are very specific. This makes it easier to reduce wet-lab experiments (saving cost and time). Indeed, to better discover the motifs relevant from a biological point it is necessary to carefully choose: the best width of motifs, the number of occurrences in each sequence, and the composition of each motif.

## Algorithm components

The algorithm uses several types of well known functions:
* Expectation maximization (EM).
* EM based heuristic for choosing the EM starting point.
* Maximum likelihood ratio based (LRT-based) heuristic for determining the best number of model-free parameters.
* Multi-start for searching over possible motif widths.
* Greedy search for finding multiple motifs.
However, one often doesn't know where the starting position is. Several possibilities exist: exactly one motif per sequence, or one or zero motif per sequence, or any number of motifs per sequence.
# Asaphocrita irenica

Asaphocrita irenica is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It is found in North America, from California to British Columbia.
The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are grayish white with brown-gray sprinkling. The hindwings are shining yellowish gray.
# Centrifugus

†Centrifugus is an extinct species of fossil sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Euomphalidae, which paleontologists place in the order Archaeogastropoda.
This species was originally known from the Upper Silurian of northern Europe (Gotland).

## Description

The shell has a nearly flat spire, and is widest across the base, which is marked by a peripheral keel. The upper side of the aperture has a narrow slit, and a selenizone located close to the upper suture. Five strong spiral cords alternating with weaker ones cover the upper surface of the shell.
# Popiel I

Popiel I was a legendary ruler of Poland, member of the Popielids dynasty. According to the legends reported by Wincenty Kadłubek in his Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae, he was the son of Leszko III. Father of Popiel II.
# Memory jug

A memory jug is an African American folk art form that memorializes the dead. It is a general term for a vessel whose surface is adorned with an assortment of broken china, glass shards, and small objects, especially items associated with a dead person. They are also called forget-me-not jugs, mourning jugs, memory vessels, spirit jars, whatnot jars, ugly jugs, and whimsy jars.

## History and technique

A memory jug may be any kind of vessel but is most usually a jug or vase. Items used to cover the surface range from shards of china, glass, and mirror to shells, beads, buttons, coins, medals, keys, jewelry, toys, watches, and other small objects. These are adhered to the surface using some kind of adhesive, typically putty or cement. The final piece may also be overpainted to create a more uniform surface. Memory jugs are closely related to the broken-china mosaic form known as trencadís that began to appear in the early 20th century.
Most of the existing memory jugs date back no further than the early 20th century, and the makers of most are unknown. Scholars disagree about the origins of memory jugs, with some holding that they were intended as personal memorials, some that they were intended as grave markers, and some that they originated as a hobby unconnected with memorialization.
Memory jugs have sometimes been found on African-American graves in the South, and some scholars think that their form was influenced by the Bakongo culture of Central Africa as it was brought to America by slaves. In Bakongo culture, there is a belief that people are connected to the spirit world by way of water, and consequently graves are often decorated with containers holding water, such as jugs, vases, or shells, as a way to help a dead person's spirit through to the afterlife. In addition, personal possessions are often broken to help release the individual's spirit. The memory jug might thus have originated by combining these traditions into a new kind of memorial.
# FabricLive.32

FabricLive.32 is a DJ mix compilation album by Tayo, as part of the FabricLive Mix Series.

## Track listing

* 2 tracks mixed:
** Tayo Meets Acid Rockers - Dread Cowboy - Tayo
** Loot and Pillage - The Curse - Dan Feary
* Ursula 1000 feat. Sista Widey - Step Back (Deekline Remix) - ESL
* Tayo and Undersound feat. Edu K - Putaria Toda Hora - Edu K
* Blaqstarr - Tote It - Mad Decent
* Sterotyp Meets Al' Haca - Blaz n Cook (Radio Slave Remix) - Klein
* Buraka Som Sistema - Com Reispeito - Enchufada
* Aquasky feat. Ragga Twins - Ready For This (Baobinga Mix) - Passenger
* Tayo meets Baobinga - Choppa Riddim - Roots & Future
* Bassbin Twins - Woppa - Bassbin
* Si Begg - Move Up (Club Mix) - Mute/EMI
* Tipper - Open The Jowls - Tippermusic
* Buckfunk 3000 - Jump - Si Begg
* Benga - Comb 60's - Planet Mu
* Tayo and Care In The Community - Dutty Bomb - Tayo
* Marc Adamo - Vicious Exit - Marc Adamo/Local Zeros 2006
* Elemental - Soul Fire - Destructive
* Sarantis feat. Warrior Queen - More Than Money - Senseless
* Skream - Lightning - Tempa
* Digital Mystikz - Neverland - DMZ
* Rob Smith - Loveage - Rob Smith
* Digital Mystikz - Anti War Dub feat. Spen G - DMZ
# 1994 NCAA Division II baseball tournament

The 1994 NCAA Division II baseball tournament was the postseason tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of baseball among its Division II colleges and universities at the end of the 1994 NCAA Division II baseball season.
The final, eight-team double elimination tournament, also known as the College World Series, was played at Paterson Field in Montgomery, Alabama.
Central Missouri State defeated Florida Southern, 14–9, in the championship game, the Mules' first Division II national title.

## Bracket
### College World Series

| First Round | First Round | Second Round | Second Round | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | | | Championship | Championship |
| Florida Southern | 8$^{11}$ | | | | | | | | | |
| Springfield | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
| Springfield | 7 | Florida Southern | 9 | | | | | | | |
| | | Mansfield | 6 | | | | | | | |
| Mansfield | 4 | Mansfield | 6 | | | | | | | |
| Delta State | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| Delta State | 3 | | | Florida Southern | 3 | 8 | | | | |
| | | | | Lewis (IL) | 4 | 0 | | | | |
| UC Riverside | 0 | | | | | | Lewis (IL) | 4 | 0 | | | |
| Lewis (IL) | 5 | | | | | | | | | |
| Lewis (IL) | 5 | Lewis (IL) | 4 | | | | | | | |
| | | Armstrong State | 3 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Florida Southern | 9 |
| | | | | | | | | | Central Missouri State | 14 |
| Central Missouri State | 9 | | | | | | | | | | Central Missouri State | 14 |
| UC Riverside | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| UC Riverside | 6 | Central Missouri State | 8 | | | | | | | |
| | | Armstrong State | 7 | | | | | | | |
| Armstrong State | 9 | Armstrong State | 7 | | | | | | | |
| Lewis (IL) | 5 | | | | | | | | | |
| Lewis (IL) | 5 | | | Central Missouri State | 3 | 8 | | | | |
| | | | | Delta State | 10 | 2 | | | | |
| Springfield | 11 | | | | | | Delta State | 10 | 2 | | | |
| Delta State | 12$^{10}$ | | | | | | | | | |
| Delta State | 12$^{10}$ | Delta State | 6 | | | | | | | |
| | | Mansfield | 1 | | | | | | | |
# 2007 Kuala Lumpur rally

2007 Kuala Lumpur rally may refer to:
* 2007 Bersih rally, a rally held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on November 10, 2007
* 2007 HINDRAF rally, a rally held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on November 25, 2007
# Artie Gore

Arthur Joseph Gore (November 13, 1907 – September 29, 1986) was a professional baseball umpire who worked in the National League from 1947 to 1956. Gore umpired 1,464 major league games in his 10-year career. He umpired in two World Series and two All-Star Games. Gore played minor league baseball in 1928 and 1929 as a shortstop.

## Early life

From 1927 to 1929, Gore played for the combined Chatham-Harwich team in the Cape Cod Baseball League. He returned to the Cape League in 1934 to play for Barnstable, where he was a crowd favorite, known for his "chatter, pepper, and flashy fielding."

## Umpiring career

Before being promoted to the major leagues in 1947, Gore umpired in the Canadian-American League in 1937 and 1938, in the Eastern League from 1939 to 1942, and in the International League from 1942 to 1946. He umpired in the 1951 and 1953 World Series and two All-Star Games (1949 and 1956).
In December 1956, NL president Warren Giles released Gore from the league to make room for younger umpires Ken Burkhart and Tony Venzon.

## Later life

Gore moved to New Hampshire in his later years. He died there after a brief illness in September 1986. He was 78.
# Artie Hall

Artie Hall (c. 1881–1939) was an American vaudeville singer and actress, known for her blackface performances as a coon shouter. She was a "petite vocalist with a strong voice". Her most successful role was Topsy in William A. Brady's version of Uncle Tom's Cabin. A controversial part of her act was the removal of a glove to reveal her white skin at the end of a song.
Artie Hall was initially reported to have died during the April 18, 1906, San Francisco earthquake. This apparently was misconstrued, and misquoted by the New York Times before it was discovered she didn't die.
Hall was married circa 1899 to an actor named Robert Fulgora. They were divorced by September 1914. She later married William Atwell, a vaudeville agent. Hall died from a kidney ailment at her home in Astoria, Queens, New York on March 20, 1939, aged 58.
Her sister, Pauline Des Landes (known professionally as Bonita) was also a vaudeville actress.
# 2008 French Open – Wheelchair men's doubles

Shingo Kunieda and Maikel Scheffers defeated Robin Ammerlaan and Ronald Vink in the final, 6–2, 7–5 to win the men's doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2008 French Open. With the win, Kunieda completed the career Grand Slam.
Stéphane Houdet and Michaël Jérémiasz were the defending champions, but Jérémiasz did not participate. Houdet partnered Nicolas Peifer, but was defeated by Ammerlaan and Vink in the semifinals.

## Seeds

* Robin Ammerlaan / Ronald Vink (final)
* Shingo Kunieda / Maikel Scheffers (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Finals

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Robin Ammerlaan Ronald Vink | 6 | 1 | [10] | | | | |
| | Stéphane Houdet Nicolas Peifer | 1 | 6 | [6] | | | | |
| | Stéphane Houdet Nicolas Peifer | 1 | 6 | [6] | 1 | Robin Ammerlaan Ronald Vink | 2 | 5 |
| | | | | | 2 | Shingo Kunieda Maikel Scheffers | 6 | 7 |
| | Martin Legner Stefan Olsson | 1 | 2 | | 2 | Shingo Kunieda Maikel Scheffers | 6 | 7 |
| 2 | Shingo Kunieda Maikel Scheffers | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
# 1989 South African Open (tennis)

The 1989 South African Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Johannesburg in South Africa that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 86th edition of the tournament and was held from 13 through 19 November 1989. Third-seeded Christo van Rensburg won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Christo van Rensburg defeated Paul Chamberlin 6–4, 7–6, 6–3
* It was van Rensburg's 3rd title of the year and the 14th of his career.

### Doubles

Luke Jensen / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Joey Rive 6–0, 6–4
* It was Jensen's only title of the year and the 2nd of his career. It was Reneberg's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.
# 1989 South African Open – Doubles

Kevin Curren and David Pate were the defending champions but only Pate competed that year with Jeremy Bates.
Bates and Pate lost in the first round to John Fitzgerald and Todd Witsken.
Luke Jensen and Richey Reneberg won in the final 6–0, 6–4 against Kelly Jones and Joey Rive.

## Seeds

* Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser (semifinals)
* John Fitzgerald / Todd Witsken (quarterfinals)
* Martin Davis / Scott Davis (first round)
* Neil Broad / Gary Muller (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | P Aldrich D Visser | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Robertson S Youl | 4 | 4 | | 1 | P Aldrich D Visser | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Ballauff A Mronz | 6 | 6 | | | P Ballauff A Mronz | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Canè U Colombini | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | 1 | P Aldrich D Visser | 7 | 4 | 6 | | | |
| 4 | N Broad G Muller | 7 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | L Jensen R Reneberg | 6 | 6 | 7 | | | |
| | P Chamberlin L Shiras | 6 | 7 | 3 | 4 | N Broad G Muller | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Deppe B Talbot | 7 | 3 | 6 | | L Jensen R Reneberg | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Jensen R Reneberg | 6 | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | L Jensen R Reneberg | 6 | 6 |
| | M Anger R Van't Hof | 1 | 7 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | K Jones J Rive | 0 | 4 |
| | K Jones J Rive | 6 | 6 | 6 | | K Jones J Rive | 4 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | B Drewett L Warder | 6 | 5 | 6 | | B Drewett L Warder | 6 | 6 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | M Davis S Davis | 4 | 7 | 2 | | | | | | | K Jones J Rive | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | E Edwards S Kruger | 6 | 3 | 7 | | | | | | | E Edwards S Kruger | 2 | 4 | | | | |
| | W Ferreira G Stafford | 4 | 6 | 5 | | E Edwards S Kruger | 3 | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | |
| | J Bates D Pate | 3 | 6 | | 2 | J Fitzgerald T Witsken | 6 | 2 | 5 | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | J Fitzgerald T Witsken | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Poppleton Township, Kittson County, Minnesota

Poppleton Township is a township in Kittson County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 123 at the 2000 census.
Poppleton Township was organized in 1893, and named for the numerous poplar trees within its borders.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.0 square miles (90.8 km$^2$), of which 35.0 square miles (90.8 km$^2$) is land and 0.03% is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 123 people, 52 households, and 39 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.5 people per square mile (1.4/km$^2$). There were 59 housing units at an average density of 1.7/sq mi (0.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.19% White, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.81% of the population.
There were 52 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.75.
In the township the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 136.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $25,357, and the median income for a family was $26,500. Males had a median income of $31,750 versus $11,719 for females. The per capita income for the township was $26,665. There were 18.4% of families and 18.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including 38.9% of under eighteens and 22.7% of those over 64.
# Poptún Airport

Poptún Airport (IATA: PON, ICAO: MGPP) is an airport serving the town of Poptún in Guatemala.
The runway is within the town. There are low hills 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the airport.
# Port de Pailhères

The Col de Pailhères (elevation 2,001 m (6,565 ft)) is a mountain pass in the Ariège department of the French Pyrenees, located on the secondary road D25 between Mijanès (south-east) and Ax-les-Thermes (west).
Port de Pailhères (elevation 1,963 m (6,440 ft)) is located nearby, 400 m southwest. It is the lowest point between the valleys but from there the road D25 to Mijanès direction runs via the Col de Pailhères.

## Details of climb

Starting from Mijanes, the Col de Pailhères is 10.6 km (6.6 mi) long. Over this distance, the climb is 871 m (2,858 ft) (an average gradient of 8.2%) with a maximum gradient of 10.2%.
Starting from Ax-les-Thermes, the Col de Pailhères is 18.6 km (11.6 mi) long. Over this distance, the climb is 1,281 m (4,203 ft), (an average gradient of 6.9%) with a maximum gradient of 10.4% near the summit.

## Tour de France

The climb has been used in five stages of the Tour de France cycle race with its first appearance coming in 2003. In 2013, it was used on the eighth stage, when the riders also competed for the Souvenir Henri Desgrange.

### Appearances in Tour de France

| Year | Stage | Category | Start | Finish | Leader at the summit |
| 2013 | 8 | HC | Castres | Ax-3 Domaines | Nairo Quintana (COL) |
| 2010 | 14 | HC | Revel | Ax-3 Domaines | Christophe Riblon (FRA) |
| 2007 | 14 | HC | Mazamet | Plateau-de-Beille | Rubén Pérez (ESP) |
| 2005 | 14 | HC | Agde | Ax-3 Domaines | Georg Totschnig (AUT) |
| 2003 | 13 | 1 | Toulouse | Ax-3 Domaines | Carlos Sastre (ESP) |
# Port de Venasque

The Port de Venasque (8,018 feet (2,444 m)) is a mountain pass in the Pyrenees. It lies on the border between France and Spain and is a popular border crossing point for mountaineers and walkers. It can be reached in about two to three hours from the Hospice de France, South of Bagnères-de-Luchon in France.
* This Spain location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* e
* This Haute-Garonne geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# 1992 Cornell Big Red football team

The 1992 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1992 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Cornell finished fourth in the Ivy League.
In its third season under head coach Jim Hofher, the team compiled a 7–3 record and outscored opponents 263 to 183. Team captains were John Massy, Scott Oliaro and Jeff Woodring.
Cornell's 4–3 conference record placed fourth in the Ivy League standings. The Big Red outscored Ivy opponents 165 to 120.
Cornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 19 | Princeton | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY | L 20–22 | 13,000 |
| September 26 | at Lehigh* | Goodman StadiumBethlehem, PA | W 29–23 | 6,500 |
| October 3 | at Lafayette* | Fisher FieldEaston, PA | W 44–33 | 8,500 |
| October 10 | at Harvard | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA | W 31–13 | 13,346 |
| October 17 | at Colgate* | Colgate Athletic FieldHamilton, NY (rivalry) | W 25–7 | 3,500 |
| October 24 | at Dartmouth | Memorial FieldHanover, NH (rivalry) | W 26–16 | 14,500 |
| October 31 | Brown | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY | W 16–6 | 6,800 |
| November 7 | at Yale | Yale BowlNew Haven, CT | W 35–14 | 12,510 |
| November 14 | at Columbia | Wien StadiumNew York, NY (rivalry) | L 30–35 | 5,495 |
| November 21 | Penn | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY (rivalry) | L 7–14 | 5,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||