OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bilaspur–Tirupati Express

The 17481 / 17482 Bilaspur–Tirupati Express is an Express train belonging to South Coast Railway zone that runs between Bilaspur Junction and Tirupati in India. It is currently being operated with 17481/17482 train numbers on bi-weekly basis.

## Service

The 17481/Bilaspur–Tirupati Express has an average speed of 46 km/h and covers 1404 km in 30h 30m. The 17482/Tirupati–Bilaspur Express has an average speed of 45 km/h and covers 1404 km in 31h 10m.

## Route and halts

The important halts of the train are:
* Bilaspur
* Raipur Junction
* Mahasamund
* Kantabanji
* Titlagarh
* Rayagada
* Vizianagaram Junction
* Visakhapatnam Junction
* Rajahmundry
* Vijayawada Junction
* Gudur Junction
* Renigunta Junction
* Tirupati

## Coach composition

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 16 coaches :
* 1 AC II Tier
* 2 AC III Tier
* 6 Sleeper Coaches
* 5 General
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

## Traction

Both trains are hauled by a Visakhapatnam-based WAP-4 / WAP-7 locomotive from Bilaspur to Visakhapatnam. From Visakhapatnam to Vijayawada it is hauled by WDM-3D / WDM-3A of Guntakal / Visakhapatnam shed and from Vijayawada to Tirupati both trains are hauled by a Vijayawada-based WAP-4 / WAG-5P electric locomotive and vice versa.

## Direction reversal

The train reverses its direction 2 times:
* Raipur Junction
* Visakhapatnam Junction

## Rake sharing

The train shares its rake with 17479/17480 Puri–Tirupati Express.
# Biliverdin reductase A

Biliverdin reductase A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BLVRA gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the biliverdin reductase family, members of which catalyze the conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin in the presence of NADPH or NADH.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are associated with hyperbiliverdinemia.
# Maritime Mobile Service Q Codes

The Maritime Mobile Service Q Codes are art of a larger set of Q Codes designated by the ITU-R. The QOA–QQZ code range is reserved for the Maritime Mobile Service.
This assignment is specified in RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1172.
Q signals are no longer substantially used in the maritime service. Morse code is now very rarely used for maritime communications, but in isolated maritime regions like Antarctica and the South Pacific the use of Q Codes continues. Q Codes still work when HF voice circuits are not possible due to atmospherics and the nearest vessel is one ionospheric hop away.
From ITU Radio Regulations 1990, Appendix 14: Miscellaneous Abbreviations and Signals to Be Used for Radiocommunications in the Maritime Mobile Service.
| | Question ? | Answer or Advice |
| QOA | Can you communicate by radiotelegraphy (500 kHz)? | I can communicate by radiotelegraphy (500 kHz). |
| QOB | Can you communicate by radiotelephony (2182 kHz)? | I can communicate by radiotelephony (2182 kHz). |
| QOC | Can you communicate by radiotelephony (channel 16 - frequency 156.80 MHz)? | I can communicate by radiotelephony (channel 16 - frequency 156.80 MHz). |
| QOD | Can you communicate with me in ... 0. Dutch 5. Italian 1. English 6. Japanese 2. French 7. Norwegian 3. German 8. Russian 4. Greek 9. Spanish? | I can communicate with you in ... 0. Dutch 5. Italian 1. English 6. Japanese 2. French 7. Norwegian 3. German 8. Russian 4. Greek 9. Spanish. |
| QOE | Have you received the safety signal sent by ... (name and/or call sign)? | I have received the safety signal sent by ... (name and/or call sign). |
| QOF | What is the commercial quality of my signals? | The quality of your signals is ... 1. not commercial 2. marginally commercial 3. commercial. |
| QOG | How many tapes have you to send? | I have ... tapes to send. |
| QOH | Shall I send a phasing signal for ... seconds? | Send a phasing signal for ... seconds. |
| QOI | Shall I send my tape? | Send your tape. |
| QOJ | Will you listen on ... kHz (or MHz) for signals of emergency position-indicating radio beacons? | I am listening on ... kHz (or MHz) for signals of emergency position-indicating radio beacons. |
| QOK | Have you received the signals of an emergency position-indicating radio beacon on ... kHz (or MHz)? | I have received the signals of an emergency position-indicating radiobeacon on ... kHz (or MHz). |
| QOL | Is your vessel fitted for reception of selective calls? If so, what is your selective call number or signal? | My vessel is fitted for the reception of selective calls. My selective call number or signal is ... |
| QOM | On what frequencies can your vessel be reached by a selective call? | My vessel can be reached by a selective call on the following frequency/ies ... (periods of time to be added if necessary). |
| QOO | Can you send on any working frequency? | I can send on any working frequency. |
| QOT | Do you hear my call; what is the approximate delay in minutes before we may exchange traffic? | I hear your call; the approximate delay is ... minutes. |
# 2024 Croatia Open Umag – Doubles

Guido Andreozzi and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela won the doubles title at the 2024 Croatia Open Umag, defeating Manuel Guinard and Grégoire Jacq in the final, 6–4, 6–2.
Blaž Rola and Nino Serdarušić were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Sander Arends and Denys Molchanov.

## Seeds

* Yuki Bhambri / Albano Olivetti (quarterfinals)
* Théo Arribagé / Sadio Doumbia (first round)
* Nicolás Barrientos / Francisco Cabral (quarterfinals)
* Guido Andreozzi / Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Y Bhambri A Olivetti | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Kovalík C Ugo Carabelli | 3 | 2 | | 1 | Y Bhambri A Olivetti | 4 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | | |
| | M Guinard G Jacq | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | M Guinard G Jacq | 6 | 1 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | M Bortolotti MC Romios | 6$^3$ | 3 | | | | | | | | M Guinard G Jacq | 7 | 6 | | | | |
| 3 | N Barrientos F Cabral | 6 | 3 | [12] | | | | | | | F Romboli M Zormann | 5 | 2 | | | | |
| | R Jebavý T Macháč | 3 | 6 | [10] | 3 | N Barrientos F Cabral | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | LD Martínez C Rodríguez | 3 | 6 | [4] | | F Romboli M Zormann | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | F Romboli M Zormann | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | M Guinard G Jacq | 4 | 2 |
| WC | K Kajin D Žmak | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | G Andreozzi MÁ Reyes-Varela | 6 | 6 |
| | J Eysseric O Luz | 6 | 6 | | | J Eysseric O Luz | 6 | 6$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | A Chandrasekar A Kadhe | 2 | 2 | | 4 | G Andreozzi MÁ Reyes-Varela | 2 | 7$^9$ | [12] | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | G Andreozzi MÁ Reyes-Varela | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | G Andreozzi MÁ Reyes-Varela | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| WC | B Rola N Serdarušić | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | S Arends D Molchanov | 4 | 3 | | | | |
| | S Arends D Molchanov | 6 | 6 | | | S Arends D Molchanov | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Schnaitter M Wallner | 6 | 6 | | | J Schnaitter M Wallner | 4 | 5 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | T Arribagé S Doumbia | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Bindoon-Julimar Important Bird Area

The Bindoon-Julimar Important Bird Area is a fragmented 525 km$^2$ tract of land in the northern Darling Ranges, of south-western Western Australia. It is about 5 km east of the town of Bindoon and 80 km north of Perth, on the edge of the wheatbelt. It lies between the Calingiri and Northern Swan Coastal Plain IBAs.

## Description

Site boundaries of the IBA are defined by blocks of native vegetation known or expected to support nesting and feeding black cockatoos in several reserves, on private land and a Defence Department training area. The native vegetation remains in good condition and there are few nest competitors such as galahs, corellas and feral honeybees. The area has a Mediterranean climate.

## Birds

The site has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports at least 110 pairs of breeding short-billed black-cockatoos in both breeding and feeding habitat - the largest population of breeding birds in south-western Australia. The IBA also contains populations of biome-restricted red-capped parrots, rufous treecreepers, western spinebills, western thornbills and western yellow robins.
# Bill Templeton

Thomas William Templeton OAM (23 December 1927 – 20 May 2005) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Hamilton to Donald Polson Templeton and Thelma Edith Nellie Nunn. He was a pharmaceutical chemist, and owned a business at Mordialloc from 1955 to 1977. A founding member and secretary of the local Young Liberal Party in 1946, he served on Mordialloc City Council from 1964 to 1971, including a period as mayor from 1968 to 1969. In 1967 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Mentone. He was appointed party whip in 1979 and served until his defeat in 1985. On Australia Day 1987 he was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia for services to parliament and the community. Templeton died in 2006.
# Marko Nešić

Marko Nešić may refer to:
* Marko Nešić (born 1976), Serbian conductor and composer
* Marko Nešić (born 1872) (1872–1938), Serbian composer and musician
# Marko Tušek

Marko Tušek (born July 17, 1975) is a Slovenian former professional basketball player. Standing at 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m), he played at the power forward position. He also represented the Slovenian national team in the international competitions.
# Marla Pennington

Marla Lynn Pennington (born March 5, 1954) is an American former actress. She is best known for her role as Joan Anderson Lawson on Small Wonder, her last acting role to date.
Her other television credits include Soap, Diff'rent Strokes, Magnum, P.I., Charlie's Angels, Happy Days, The Incredible Hulk, and General Hospital. Pennington's film credits include National Lampoon's Class Reunion, and The Day of the Locust.
While Small Wonder was her last acting role, she appeared in a brief reunion with her co-stars on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet on January 14, 2009. She provided commentary to the Small Wonder season 1 DVD set, released in February 2010.
In 1988, Pennington married entertainment lawyer Tom Rowan, son of comedian Dan Rowan (of Rowan and Martin fame) with whom she had a son, Dan, and a daughter, Kat. Upon Small Wonder ending in 1989, she retired from acting to devote time to her family. Rowan died in 2021, leaving Pennington a widow.

## Filmography

Film :
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1976 | Jim the World's Greatest | Jan | Alternative title: Story of a Teenager |
| 1982 | National Lampoon's Class Reunion | Mary Beth | Alternative title: Class Reunion |
| Television ||||
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1974 | Lucas Tanner | Jane Benson | 1 episode |
| 1976 | Charlie's Angels | Jenny Warren | Episode: "Bullseye" |
| 1976–1979 | General Hospital | Samantha Livingston Chandler #2 | Unknown episodes |
| 1979 | How the West Was Won | Blossom | Episode: "Luke" |
| 1979 | Buffalo Soldiers | Girl | Television movie |
| 1979–1981 | Soap | Leslie Walker | 17 episodes |
| 1980 | The Incredible Hulk | Miriam Charles | Episode: "Deathmask" |
| 1981 | Magnum, P.I. | Carol Ann Little | Episode: "Billy Joe Bob" |
| 1982 | Happy Days | Cynthia Brannigan | Episodes: "A Touch of Classical" "Hi Yo, Fonzie Away" |
| 1983 | Herndon | Laura | Television movie |
| 1984 | Diff'rent Strokes | Nurse Joan Fleming | 1 episode |
| 1985–1989 | Small Wonder | Joan Lawson | 96 episodes |
# 2017 Brisbane International – Men's doubles

Henri Kontinen and John Peers were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Kei Nishikori and Dominic Thiem. Thanasi Kokkinakis and Jordan Thompson won the title, defeating Gilles Müller and Sam Querrey, 7–6$^{(9–7)}$, 6–4.

## Seeds

* Pierre-Hugues Herbert / Nicolas Mahut (quarterfinals)
* Henri Kontinen / John Peers (first round)
* Raven Klaasen / Rajeev Ram (quarterfinals)
* Daniel Nestor / Édouard Roger-Vasselin (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | P-H Herbert N Mahut | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | G Dimitrov A-u-H Qureshi | 4 | 3 | | 1 | P-H Herbert N Mahut | 6 | 4 | [7] | | | | | | | | |
| | L Pouille S Wawrinka | 2 | 6 | [9] | WC | T Kokkinakis J Thompson | 1 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| WC | T Kokkinakis J Thompson | 6 | 2 | [11] | | | | | | WC | T Kokkinakis J Thompson | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 4 | D Nestor É Roger-Vasselin | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | D Nestor É Roger-Vasselin | 3 | 1 | | | | |
| | J-J Rojer H Tecău | 4 | 4 | | 4 | D Nestor É Roger-Vasselin | 6 | 2 | [11] | | | | | | | | |
| | S Johnson D Schwartzman | 6 | 6 | | | S Johnson D Schwartzman | 3 | 6 | [9] | | | | | | | | |
| | S Robert G Simon | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | WC | T Kokkinakis J Thompson | 7$^9$ | 6 |
| WC | S Groth C Guccione | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | G Müller S Querrey | 6$^7$ | 4 |
| | V Troicki M Zverev | 1 | 6 | [8] | WC | S Groth C Guccione | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | I Dodig Ł Kubot | 4 | 7$^9$ | [6] | 3 | R Klaasen R Ram | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | R Klaasen R Ram | 6 | 6$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | WC | S Groth C Guccione | | | | | | |
| | G Müller S Querrey | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | G Müller S Querrey | w/o | | | | | |
| | R Lindstedt M Venus | 6 | 1 | [5] | | G Müller S Querrey | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Nishikori D Thiem | 1 | 6 | [12] | | K Nishikori D Thiem | 3 | 6$^1$ | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | H Kontinen J Peers | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Binhai Port railway

Binhai Port railway (Chinese: 盐城滨海港铁路) is a single-track branch line in Yancheng, Jiangsu, China. It is currently under construction.

## Route

The line starts at Binhaigang railway station on the Qingdao–Yancheng railway and heads east, terminating at the eastern coast. The line is 50.1 kilometres (31.1 mi) long and will have a maximum speed of 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph).
# 2017–18 MDFA Elite Division

The 2017–18 MDFA Elite Division is the 105th season of the MDFA Elite Division, the top-tier football league in Mumbai, a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

## Format

The 13 teams will play Preliminary League on a single leg basis. The two teams standing 1st and 2nd after completion of the Preliminary League will be declared the winner and runner-up of the MDFA Elite Division. The Two teams standing last after completion of the Preliminary league will be demoted to the Super Division of the 2018-19 season. The matches will be played at Cooperage Football Ground and Mumbai Football Arena. The league will commence from 1 September 2017.

## Teams

| Team | Location |
| Air India | Vile Parle |
| Central Bank of India | Ballard Estate |
| Century Rayon | Churchgate |
| Karnataka Sporting | Churchgate |
| Kenkre F.C. | Mahim |
| Maharashtra Police | Colaba |
| Mumbai Customs | Santacruz |
| Mumbai Strikers | Mulund |
| ONGC | Bandra |
| PIFA | Colaba |
| Union Bank of India | Nariman Point |
| Western Railway | Churchgate |

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | ONGC | 11 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 35 | 6 | +29 | 31 | Champion |
| 2 | Air India | 11 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 5 | +36 | 30 | Runners Up |
| 3 | Union Bank | 11 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 24 | 11 | +13 | 23 | |
| 4 | Western Railway | 11 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 15 | +1 | 18 | |
| 5 | Mumbai Customs | 11 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 16 | |
| 6 | Karnataka Sporting | 11 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 20 | 16 | +4 | 15 | |
| 7 | PIFA | 11 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 12 | 18 | −6 | 12 | |
| 8 | Maharashtra State Police | 11 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 13 | 29 | −16 | 11 | |
| 9 | Mumbai Strikers S.C | 11 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 27 | −18 | 11 | |
| 10 | Central Bank | 11 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 13 | −7 | 8 | |
| 11 | Century Rayon | 11 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 16 | 33 | −17 | 6 | |
| 12 | Kenkre | 11 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 29 | −19 | 5 | |
* No teams were relegated due to re-structuring of the league for next season.

## Results table

| Home \ Away | UBI | WRM |
| Air India | | |
| Central Bank of India | | |
| Century Rayon | | |
| Karnataka Sporting | | |
| Kenkre | | |
| Maharashtra Police | | |
| Central Board of Excise and Customs | | |
| Mumbai Strikers | | |
| ONGC | | |
| PIFA | | |
| Union Bank of India | | 2–1 |
| Western Railway | 1–2 | |
# 2017 Båstad Challenger – Doubles

Isak Arvidsson and Fred Simonsson were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Calvin Hemery and Stéphane Robert.
Tuna Altuna and Václav Šafránek won the title after defeating Sriram Balaji and Vijay Sundar Prashanth 6–1, 6–4 in the final.

## Seeds

* Johan Brunström / Andreas Siljeström (quarterfinals)
* Steven de Waard / Ben McLachlan (first round)
* Sergio Galdós / Leonardo Mayer (semifinals)
* Isak Arvidsson / Fred Simonsson (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | J Brunström A Siljeström | 7$^8$ | 6$^5$ | [11] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Carballés Baena Í Cervantes | 6$^6$ | 7$^7$ | [9] | 1 | J Brunström A Siljeström | 2 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Balaji VS Prashanth | 4 | 6 | [10] | | S Balaji VS Prashanth | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | M Eriksson M Sekulic | 6 | 4 | [6] | | | | | | | S Balaji VS Prashanth | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | |
| 3 | S Galdós L Mayer | 7$^8$ | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | S Galdós L Mayer | 6 | 4 | [1] | | | |
| WC | F Bergevi A Göransson | 6$^6$ | 3 | | 3 | S Galdós L Mayer | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | J Domingues JI Londero | 4 | 3 | | | E Ymer M Ymer | 6 | 3 | [8] | | | | | | | | |
| | E Ymer M Ymer | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | S Balaji VS Prashanth | 1 | 4 |
| WC | Jonas Eriksson Ziverts K Friberg | 2 | 6 | [4] | | | | | | | | | | | T Altuna V Šafránek | 6 | 6 |
| | T Altuna V Šafránek | 6 | 2 | [10] | | T Altuna V Šafránek | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Hemery S Robert | 5 | 6 | [10] | | C Hemery S Robert | 6$^4$ | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | I Arvidsson F Simonsson | 7 | 4 | [8] | | | | | | | T Altuna V Šafránek | 7$^{11}$ | 2 | [10] | | | |
| | H Hurkacz K Majchrzak | 7 | 5 | [10] | | | | | | | H Hurkacz K Majchrzak | 6$^9$ | 6 | [8] | | | |
| | K Coppejans T Lamasine | 5 | 7 | [4] | | H Hurkacz K Majchrzak | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | F Bagnis R Olivo | 6 | 3 | [10] | | F Bagnis R Olivo | 4 | 6 | [8] | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | S de Waard B McLachlan | 2 | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Markov chain mixing time

In probability theory, the mixing time of a Markov chain is the time until the Markov chain is "close" to its steady state distribution.
More precisely, a fundamental result about Markov chains is that a finite state irreducible aperiodic chain has a unique stationary distribution π and, regardless of the initial state, the time-t distribution of the chain converges to π as t tends to infinity. Mixing time refers to any of several variant formalizations of the idea: how large must t be until the time-t distribution is approximately π? One variant, total variation distance mixing time, is defined as the smallest t such that the total variation distance of probability measures is small:
    $t_{\operatorname {mix} }(\varepsilon )=\min \left\{t\geq 0:\max _{x\in S}{\Big\max _{A\subseteq S}\left|\Pr(X_{t}\in A\mid X_{0}=x)-\pi (A)\right|{\Big ]}\leq \varepsilon \right\}.$
Choosing a different $\varepsilon$, as long as $\varepsilon <1/2$, can only change the mixing time up to a constant factor (depending on $\varepsilon$) and so one often fixes $\varepsilon =1/4$ and simply writes $t_{\mathrm {mix} }$.
This is the sense in which Dave Bayer and Persi Diaconis (1992) proved that the number of riffle shuffles needed to mix an ordinary 52 card deck is 7. Mathematical theory focuses on how mixing times change as a function of the size of the structure underlying the chain. For an $n$-card deck, the number of riffle shuffles needed grows as $1.5\log _{2}n$. The most developed theory concerns randomized algorithms for #P-complete algorithmic counting problems such as the number of graph colorings of a given $n$ vertex graph. Such problems can, for sufficiently large number of colors, be answered using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method and showing that the mixing time grows only as $n\log(n)$ (Jerrum 1995). This example and the shuffling example possess the rapid mixing property, that the mixing time grows at most polynomially fast in $\log$(number of states of the chain). Tools for proving rapid mixing include arguments based on conductance and the method of coupling. In broader uses of the Markov chain Monte Carlo method, rigorous justification of simulation results would require a theoretical bound on mixing time, and many interesting practical cases have resisted such theoretical analysis.
# Billy Milano

Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician. He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M.O.D., and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death. Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret. Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker. Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax.

## Discography
### Stormtroopers of Death albums

| Date of release | Title | Label | Chart positions |
| December 1985 – Jan 1986 | Speak English or Die | Megaforce Records | |
| October 24, 1992 | Live at Budokan | Megaforce Records | |
| May 22, 1999 | Bigger than the Devil | Nuclear Blast | The single "Seasoning the Obese" was given away for a limited time when Bigger than the Devil came out. |
| August 21, 2007 | Rise of the Infidels | Nuclear Blast | |

### Stormtroopers of Death videos

| Date of Release | Title | Label |
| January 23, 2001 | Kill Yourself: The Movie (DVD/VHS) | Nuclear Blast |
| September 25, 2001 | Speak English or Live (DVD) | Megaforce Entertainment |
| July 26, 2005 | 20 Years of Dysfunction | Nuclear Blast |

### Method of Destruction (M.O.D.)

| Year | Title | Label | Chart peak |
| 1987 | U.S.A. for M.O.D. | Megaforce Records | 153 |
| 1988 | Surfin' M.O.D. (EP) | Megaforce Records | 186 |
| 1989 | Gross Misconduct | Megaforce Records | 151 |
| 1992 | Rhythm of Fear | Megaforce Records | — |
| 1994 | Devolution | Music for Nations | — |
| 1995 | Loved by Thousands, Hated by Millions (compilation) | Megaforce Records | — |
| 1996 | Dictated Aggression | Music for Nations | — |
| 2003 | The Rebel You Love to Hate | Nuclear Blast | — |
| 2007 | Red, White & Screwed | Index Entertainment | — |
| 2017 | Busted, Broke & American | Megaforce Records | — |

### Mastery

| Date of Release | Title | Label | Chart positions | US sales |
| May 14, 2012 | In the Key of Kill | Picture Black | | |