OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2018–19 ProA

The 2018–19 ProA was the 12th season of the ProA, the second level of basketball in Germany. The champions and the runners-up of the play-offs were promoted to the 2019–20 Basketball Bundesliga.
Hamburg Towers won its first ProA championship after defeating Nürnberg Falcons, which promoted too, in the finals. Nürnberg did not promote after all after it could not meet Basketball Bundesliga (BBL) BBL arena requirements.

## Teams

| Team | City |
| Artland Dragons | Quakenbrück |
| Bike-Café Messingschlager Baunach | Bamberg |
| FC Schalke 04 Basketball | Gelsenkirchen |
| Hamburg Towers | Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg |
| Hebeisen White Wings Hanau | Hanau |
| MLP Academics Heidelberg | Heidelberg |
| NINERS Chemnitz | Chemnitz |
| Nürnberg Falcons BC | Nürnberg |
| Phoenix Hagen | Hagen |
| PS Karlsruhe LIONS | Karlsruhe |
| Rostock Seawolves | Rostock |
| Römerstrom Gladiators Trier | Trier |
| Team Ehingen Urspring | Ehingen |
| Tigers Tübingen | Tübingen |
| Uni Baskets Paderborn | Paderborn |
| VFL Kirchheim Knights | Kirchheim unter Teck |

## Table

| # | Team | Wins | Losses | Points for/against | Points |
| 01 | NINERS Chemnitz | 24 | 6 | 2513:2303 | 48 |
| 02 | MLP Academics Heidelberg | 19 | 11 | 2371:2210 | 38 |
| 03 | Nürnberg Falcons BC | 19 | 11 | 2341:2244 | 38 |
| 04 | Hamburg Towers | 19 | 11 | 2498:2279 | 38 |
| 05 | Rostock Seawolves (N) | 18 | 12 | 2394:2333 | 36 |
| 06 | RÖMERSTROM Gladiators Trier | 17 | 13 | 2373:2436 | 34 |
| 07 | Team Ehingen Urspring | 17 | 13 | 2547:2436 | 34 |
| 08 | PS Karlsruhe Lions | 16 | 14 | 2416:2363 | 32 |
| 09 | Tigers Tübingen (A) | 15 | 15 | 2570:2580 | 30 |
| 10 | Phoenix Hagen | 15 | 15 | 2469:2416 | 30 |
| 11 | Artland Dragons (N) | 14 | 16 | 2411:2448 | 28 |
| 12 | Kirchheim Knights | 14 | 16 | 2256:2268 | 28 |
| 13 | Uni Baskets Paderborn | 10 | 20 | 2372:2520 | 20 |
| 14 | FC Schalke 04 (N) | 9 | 21 | 2208:2360 | 18 |
| 15 | HEBEISEN White Wings Hanau | 8 | 22 | 2260:2473 | 16 |
| 16 | Baunach Young Pikes | 6 | 24 | 2177:2510 | 12 |
* = Playoff qualification
* = Relegated

## Play-offs

| Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final | Final |
| Niners Chemnitz | Niners Chemnitz | 3 | | | |
| PS Karlsruhe Lions | PS Karlsruhe Lions | 0 | | | |
| PS Karlsruhe Lions | PS Karlsruhe Lions | 0 | Niners Chemnitz | Niners Chemnitz | 2 |
| | | | Hamburg Towers | Hamburg Towers | 3 |
| Hamburg Towers | Hamburg Towers | 3 | Hamburg Towers | Hamburg Towers | 3 |
| Rostock Seawolves | Rostock Seawolves | 1 | | | | | | |
| Rostock Seawolves | Rostock Seawolves | 1 | | | | Hamburg Towers | 87 | 99 |
| | | | | | | Nürnberg Falcons | 90 | 94 |
| Nürnberg Falcons | Nürnberg Falcons | 3 | | | | Nürnberg Falcons | 90 | 94 |
| Gladiators Trier | Gladiators Trier | 0 | | | | | | |
| Gladiators Trier | Gladiators Trier | 0 | Nürnberg Falcons | Nürnberg Falcons | 3 | | | |
| | | | MLP Academics Heidelberg | MLP Academics Heidelberg | 1 |
| MLP Academics Heidelberg | MLP Academics Heidelberg | 3 | MLP Academics Heidelberg | MLP Academics Heidelberg | 1 |
| Ehingen Urspring | Ehingen Urspring | 0 | | | |
# Cycling at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1 km time trial

The men's 1 km time trial at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, was part of the cycling programme, which took place on 8 April 2018.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Games records were as follows:
| World record | François Pervis (FRA) | 56.303 | Aguascalientes, Mexico | 7 December 2013 |
| Games record | Scott Sunderland (AUS) | 1:00.675 | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 26 July 2014 |

## Results

| Rank | Rider | Time | Behind | Notes |
| | Matthew Glaetzer (AUS) | 59.340 | – | GR. Sea Level World Record. |
| | Eddie Dawkins (NZL) | 59.928 | +0.588 | |
| | Callum Skinner (SCO) | 1:01.083 | +1.743 | |
| 4 | Zac Williams (NZL) | 1:01.132 | +1.792 | |
| 5 | Jonathan Wale (SCO) | 1:01.261 | +1.921 | |
| 6 | Patrick Constable (AUS) | 1:01.438 | +2.098 | |
| 7 | Dylan Kennett (NZL) | 1:01.546 | +2.206 | |
| 8 | Joseph Truman (ENG) | 1:01.795 | +2.455 | |
| 9 | Nicholas Paul (TTO) | 1:01.899 | +2.559 | |
| 10 | Nick Yallouris (AUS) | 1:01.945 | +2.605 | |
| 11 | Muhammad Fadhil Mohd Zonis (MAS) | 1:02.073 | +2.733 | |
| 12 | Kian Emadi (ENG) | 1:02.079 | +2.739 | |
| 13 | Lewis Oliva (WAL) | 1:02.198 | +2.858 | |
| 14 | Stefan Ritter (CAN) | 1:02.339 | +2.999 | |
| 15 | Daniel Bigham (ENG) | 1:02.691 | +3.351 | |
| 16 | Ethan Vernon (WAL) | 1:02.935 | +3.595 | |
| 17 | Muhammad Sahrom (MAS) | 1:03.253 | +3.913 | |
| 18 | Aidan Caves (CAN) | 1:03.324 | +3.984 | |
| 19 | Irwandie Lakasek (MAS) | 1:04.640 | +5.300 | |
| 20 | Sahil Kumar (IND) | 1:05.538 | +6.198 | |
| 21 | Ranjit Singh (IND) | 1:05.671 | +6.331 | |
| 22 | Sanuraj Sanandaraj (IND) | 1:06.097 | +6.757 | |
| 23 | Christopher Gerry (SEY) | 1:14.460 | +15.120 | |
| 24 | Stephen Belle (SEY) | 1:14.639 | +15.299 | |
# Chambi Khad

Chambi Khad is a river in India. Chambi Khad is located in the State of Himachal Pradesh, in the northern part of the country, 400 km north of capital city New Delhi. Chambi Khad is part of the water channel on the Indus River.
# Nuno P. Monteiro

Nuno P. Monteiro (1971 – May 5, 2021) was a Portuguese-American political scientist. He was Associate Professor of Political Science at Yale University. He was known for his research within the fields of International Relations and Security Studies, in particular on the topics of unipolarity and nuclear weapons.
He was the author of the books Theory of Unipolar Politics and Nuclear Politics: The Strategic Causes of Proliferation (co-authored with Alexandre Debs).
He received a B.A. from the University of Minho, Portugal, and a PhD in Political Science from the University of Chicago under the supervision of John Mearsheimer. Monteiro died on May 5, 2021.
# Cape Bidlingmaier

Cape Bidlingmaier (53°1′S 73°32′E﻿ / ﻿53.017°S 73.533°E﻿ / -53.017; 73.533) is a rocky cape at the east side of the entrance to Mechanics Bay, on the north side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. The feature appears to have been known to American sealers as Morgan's Point, as shown by Captain H.C. Chester's 1860 sketch map of the island. The name Negros Head was also in use by American sealers during the 1860–1870 period. The name Bidlingmaier was applied by the First German Antarctica Expedition, under Erich von Drygalski, who made a running survey and landing along the north side of the island in 1902. Friedrich Bidlingmaier served as magnetician and meteorologist with the expedition.

## Map

Heard Island and McDonald Islands, including all major topographical features Archived 2014-02-11 at the Wayback Machine
# Carolineskolen

Carolineskolen is a Jewish private school in Copenhagen, Denmark. Today, the school is the only Jewish school in Denmark.

## History

In 1805, Mosaisk Drengeskole ("Jewish Boys' School") was established in Copenhagen, and in 1810 a corresponding school for girls was established. The girls' school obtained permission from king Frederick VI of Denmark to name the school after his daughter Princess Caroline, hence Carolineskolen. Only after World War II were the two schools merged to one, taking the name of the girls' school as its continuing common name. It is one of the oldest still-existing Jewish schools in the world.

## Teaching

Pupils are taught Hebrew as an addition to the normal school subjects. The religion lessons cover a broad variety of religions, as it is normal in Denmark, but the main focus is Judaism.
# Russula variispora

Russula variispora is a fungus in the family, Russulaceae, found in eucalypt forests in New South Wales.
It was first described in 2007 by Teresa Lebel and Jennifer Tonkin.
# CDP-abequose synthase

CDP-abequose synthase (EC 1.1.1.341, rfbJ (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name CDP-alpha-D-abequose:NADP$^+$ 4-oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    CDP-alpha-D-abequose + NADP$^+$ $\rightleftharpoons$ CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + NADPH + H$^+$
This enzyme is from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Salmonella enterica.
# Belmont, Isère

Belmont (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.
# Oreta liensis

Oreta liensis is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Watson in 1967. It is found in China (Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Fujian, Sichuan).
# Muhammad: The Messenger of God

Muhammad: The Messenger of God may refer to:
* Muhammad: The Messenger of God (book), by Betty Kelen about Muhammad and Islam
* Muhammad: The Messenger of God (film), a 2015 Iranian film by Majid Majidi about the childhood of Muhammad
** Muhammad: The Messenger of God (soundtrack), a soundtrack album from the film by A. R. Rahman
* Mohammad, Messenger of God, Islamic drama film by Moustapha Akkad about Muhammad
# Music of Innsbruck

Music of Austria :
General topics :
Austrians in music
Folk dance
Opera
Viennese School
First
Second :
Genres :
Austropop
Folk music
Volkstümliche Musik
Hip hop :
Specific forms :
Ländler
Schrammelmusik
Viennese waltz
Wienerlied
Yodeling :
Media and performance :
Nationalistic and patriotic songs :
Regional music :
vte :
Innsbruck is a city in the Austrian Alps whose musical heritage long played an important role in the music of Austria. Modern Innsbruck is home to the International Festival of Early Music (which features music from 1500 to 1750), an Eastern music festival, the Summer Dance Festival, the Innsbruck International Choral Festival and the Ambras Castle Concerts. Other major music venues include the Tiroler Landestheater ("Federal state-theatre of Tyrol").

## History

Innsbruck was the site of the first non-court opera house in Germanic lands, though it was funded mainly by the Archduke and provided with much of its repertoire by his court composer, the resident Italian Antonio Cesti. From 1654 to 1665, the company here produced several successful operas in the prevailing Venetian/pan-Italian style, some of which even later circulated in Italy.
The city is also known as the subject of 15th-century composer Heinrich Isaac's song Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen, with a text about his sorrow at having to leave his post at court.
# Rupčine

Rupčine (Serbian Cyrillic: Рупчине) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of

## Location

Rupčine is actually the southwesternmost part of the Žarkovo neighborhood, bordered by Bele Vode to the north, Cerak Vinogradi (that is, Ibarska Magistrala road) to the east, and the Vodovodska Street and Makiš to the west. On the south, Rupčine borders with the open fields of Stari Lanci and Novi Lanci, which stretch all the way to Železnik.

## Characteristics

Quite contrary to its eastern bordering neighborhood, Cerak Vinogradi, Rupčine is not built according to urban plans and is highly unattractive in either urban, visual or sense of communal order. Atop of all that, it has quite unattractive name too (rupčine, Serbian for big holes).
Neighborhood had an estimated 7,000 inhabitants in March 2022.

## Sub-neighborhoods

Makiške Terase
By the 2020s, some parts of the neighborhood acquired more favorable names. Northern half, directly descending from Bele Vode, was named Makiške Terase ("Makiš Terraces"). It starts at the Momčila Čedića Street, where the sign with the new name of the neighborhood was placed. Border with the southern half of Rupčine is the Časlava Veljića Street, where a new, local post office "Makiške Terase" was opened in March 2022.
Sometimes, the name is used for the entire Rupčine neighborhood.
Savska Terasa
Southern section of Rupčine, in the direction of Železnik, became known as Savska Terasa ("Sava Terrace"). The foundations for the new The Church of Synaxis of the Saint John the Baptist, in the Đure Gavele Street, were consecrated on 16 April 2017 by the Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Irinej. The lot was donated by the local resident Mrs. Borika Nikolić. Church was designed by architect Ljubica Bošnjak, and was to be completed by the end of 2023. It was finished and consecrated by the Patriarch Porfirije on 8 October 2023.
# Ashthon Jones

Ashthon Jones (born February 27, 1986) is an American singer from Goodlettsville, Tennessee. Jones finished as the 13th place finalist on the tenth season of American Idol.

## Early life and education

Jones was born in 1986 to Michelle Anderson. She grew up in Valdosta, Georgia, before moving to Goodlettsville, Tennessee, when she was 12. She attended W.G. Nunn Elementary School in Valdosta as a child. Her father died when she was 14, and she ran away from home at 15, but returned home after two and a half years. She worked as a retail manager in Nashville before appearing on American Idol.

## American Idol
### Overview

Jones auditioned for the tenth season of American Idol in Nashville, Tennessee. She was not one of the five female vote getters in the semi-final round to advance to the Top 13. She was one of the six selected to sing for a wild card and advanced to the Top 13. She is the third wild card finalist to be the eliminated first in the finals, with the previous ones being Leah LaBelle from season 3 and Jasmine Murray from season 8 two years earlier. The judges unanimously agreed not to save her.

### Performances/results

| Episode | Theme | Song choice | Original artist | Order # | Result |
| Audition | Auditioner's Choice | "Like We Never Loved at All" | Faith Hill | N/A | Advanced |
| Hollywood Round, Part 1 | First Solo | "Move" | Dreamgirls | N/A | Advanced |
| Hollywood Round, Part 2 | Group Performance | "Hit 'Em Up Style (Oops!)" | Blu Cantrell | N/A | Advanced |
| Hollywood Round, Part 3 | Second Solo | "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" | Jennifer Holliday | N/A | Advanced |
| Las Vegas Round | Songs of The Beatles Group Performance | "Ticket to Ride" | The Beatles | N/A | Advanced |
| Hollywood Round Final | Final Solo | "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" | Whitney Houston | N/A | Advanced |
| Top 24 (12 Women) | Personal Choice | "Love All Over Me" | Monica | 7 | Wild Card |
| Wild Card | Personal Choice | "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" | Jennifer Holliday | 1 | Advanced |
| Top 13 | Your Personal Idol | "When You Tell Me That You Love Me" | Diana Ross | 3 | Eliminated |

## Post-Idol

She performed on Live with Regis and Kelly after her elimination. She and Karen Rodriguez did not take part in the 2011 American Idols LIVE! Tour 2011 Tour, but she did return for the American Idol finale and sang in the girls Beyoncé Medley with Haley Reinhart, Pia Toscano, Thia Megia, Naima Adedapo, and Karen Rodriguez, as well as singing "Born This Way" with the entire Top 13. On March 3, 2012 she released her first single, "Lookout." She was featured with Big K.R.I.T. on the song "Mayday" from the album Gravity by Lecrae. She was also featured on the song "Good 2getha" from Big K.R.I.T.'s mixtape King Remembered in Time.

## Influences

Jones lists her musical influences as Mary Mary, Whitney Houston, Chaka Khan, and The Clark Sisters.
# Madagascar forest rail

The Madagascar forest rail (Mentocrex kioloides), also known as the Madagascar wood rail or the kioloides rail, is a species of bird in the family Sarothruridae. It is endemic to forests, often in wet areas, in northern and eastern Madagascar. The Madagascar forest rail is a secretive and shy species, often showing elusive behavior, such as running away from the slightest disturbances. This has contributed to a lack of study on this species; a reason why it is not that well known.
This species was formerly placed in the genus Canirallus together with Tsingy forest rail and the grey-throated rail. A molecular genetic study published in 2019 found that the grey-throated rail is not closely related to the forest rails. The forest rails were therefore moved to the resurrected genus Mentocrex.
# Maizicourt

Maizicourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Somme département in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Maizicourt is situated on the D933 road, some 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Abbeville.
# Oriental poppies

Oriental poppies may refer to:
* Oriental poppy (Papaver orientale), a perennial flowering plant
* Oriental Poppies, a 1927 painting by Georgia O'Keeffe
# Chants et Danses du Chili II

Chants et Danses du Chili II is an extended play record by Violeta Parra released on the Le Chant du Monde label in November 1956. It was the Parra's second extended play record. The release contains eight songs recorded in Paris on March 26, 1956, at the same session that resulted in "Chants et Danses du Chili I, released two months earlier. Parra toured Europe in 1955 after winning the Caupolicán prize in 1954.
The album cover features a drawing by S. Sechi. A subsequent reissue of Parra's French recordings, released in 1975 as "Cantos de Chile", includes Parra's spoken introduction of the songs.

## Track listing

* "Parabienes a los novios" o [Viva la luz de don Creador] (traditional Chilean)
* "Ausencia" (Tomás Gabino Ortiz)
* "El palomo" (traditional Chilean)
* "Dicen que el ají maduro" o [El ají ma’uro] (traditional Chilean)
* "Viva Dios, viva la Virgen" o [Parabienes a los novios] (traditional Chilean)
* "A lu lu" o [En el portal de Belén] (traditional Chilean)
* "Verso por el Apocalipsis" o [El primer día el Señor] (traditional Chilean)
* "Meriana" (traditional pascuense)
# Nuestra Belleza El Salvador 2011

Nuestra Belleza El Salvador 2011 took place on June 30, 2011 at the Teatro Nacional de El Salvador in San Salvador.
Nuestra Belleza Universo 2010, Sonia Cruz; and Nuestra Belleza Mundo 2010, Gabriela Molina crowned their respective successors at the end of the event. 16 women participated in the event, which commemorated El Salvador's bicentenary. For the first time, 17-year-olds were allowed to participate, and a national costume showcase was also added to the event. The co-winners represented El Salvador at Miss Universe 2011 and Miss World 2011.

## Results

| Final results | Contestant |
| Nuestra Belleza Universo 2011 | Alejandra Ochoa |
| Nuestra Belleza Mundo 2011 | Marcela Castro |
| 1st runner-up | Mayra Aldana |
| 2nd runner-up | Sofia Cuestas |
| 3rd runner-up | Aneyda Rico |

## Candidates

| Contestant | Age | Height |
| Gracia Maria Molina | 19 | 1.62 m (5 ft 4 in) |
| Griselda Canas | 19 | 1.61 m (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
| Karla Garcia | 22 | 1.62 m (5 ft 4 in) |
| Sofia Cuestas | 21 | 1.64 m (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
| Glenda Martinez | 17 | 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) |
| Gabriela Mena | 17 | 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) |
| Klaudia Navarro | 22 | 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) |
| Carolina Fuentes | 17 | 1.67 m (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
| Wendy Leiva | 22 | 1.67 m (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
| Andrea Mariona | 19 | 1.67 m (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
| Karen Fortis | 19 | 1.67 m (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
| Evelyn Lopez | 21 | 1.67 m (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
| Aneyda Rico | 20 | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Mayra Aldana | 24 | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Marcela Castro | 17 | 1.72 m (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) |
| Alejandra Ochoa | 18 | 1.74 m (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) |

## Crossovers

Contestants who previously competed at other beauty pageants:

### Miss Earth 2009

* Mayra Aldana
# Movsum Kadyrli

Movsum Nadzhmetdinovich Kadyrli (1893-1937) was an Azerbaijani revolutionary active in the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. He was also known as Israfilbekov.
On 28 November 1921, Movsum Kadyrli was joined the Council of People's Commissars of Azerbaijan as People’s Commissar of Health of the AzSSR. He replaced Ağahüseyn Kazımov and held this position until January 21, 1935.
# Musca autumnalis

Musca autumnalis, the face fly or autumn housefly, is a pest of cattle and horses.

## Description

The face fly is similar to the closely related housefly but is slightly larger, averaging about 7–8 mm long and grey in colour with four dark stripes on the thorax, with a grey-black patterned abdomen. Like many true flies, in the males, the eyes almost touch when viewed from above.

## Distribution

Musca autumnalis is widespread throughout most of Europe, Central Asia, northern India, Pakistan, China and some parts of North Africa.
It was introduced into North America around the 1940s and has now occupies a territory from southern Canada into most temperate parts of the United States. It was also introduced to St. Helena Island in the South Atlantic.

## Lifecycle

Adult face flies will emerge from winter hibernation around March to early April. During the daytime, they feed on manure juices and plant sugars. On cattle and horses, they feed on secretions around the eyes, mouth and nostrils. The adult flies will also feed on the hosts' blood through wounds such as horse-fly bites. A larger proportion of face flies on the host will be females, as they have a higher need for protein provided by animal hosts. At night, both sexes will rest on vegetation.
Females deposit eggs on fresh cow manure and these hatch within hours after deposition. The yellowish-white maggots feed on the microbial flora and fauna of the manure and pass through three larval stages (instars), growing to about 12 mm long, then developing into white pupae. They emerge as adults about 10 to 20 days after egg deposition, depending on the temperature.

## As a vector of disease

M. autumnalis is considered a pest species, as it transmits the eyeworm Thelazia rhodesi to cattle and horses, and pinkeye (infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis) to cattle.
As for human disease, M. autumnalis may have transmitted the eyeworm Thelazia gulosa to a woman's eye in Oregon in 2016 and to a second woman's eye in Carmel Valley, California in 2018.
# Rumex palustris

Rumex palustris, or marsh dock, is a plant species of the genus Rumex, found in Europe. The species is a dicot belonging to the family Polygonaceae. The species epithet palustris is Latin for "of the marsh" which indicates its common habitat.

## Description

Rumex palustris is an herb that can be perennial, biennial, or annual. The stem is upwardly inclined and bears sparse hairy protuberances. The stem is less than one meter tall. The branch attachment is alternate. The basal leaves are lanceolate; they are broader in the middle and taper to a pointed end. The cauline leaves are also lanceolate. The inflorescence consists of whorls with reddish-brown flowers. The root is wider at the middle and tapers towards the end.
This species' diploid number is 60.

## Taxonomy

The species name was first mentioned by Leonard Plukenet, based on a collection made by Isaac Rand. The authority of the accepted description, Rumex palustris, was James Edward Smith, in Fl. Brit. volume 1, on page 394 in 1800.

### Subspecies

* Rumex palustris uliginosus
* Rumex palustris maritimus

## Habitat and distribution

Rumex palustris can be found in wetlands such as moist meadows, marshes, lake shores and the shallow edges of streams. It is native to Europe and is concentrated in the Southeastern and Middle parts of the continent. The species was also introduced to America; it now grows in California and New Jersey.

## Uses

Rumex palustris is used as a model organism for research. Most studies involve flood-resistance in Rumex palustris due to its unique mechanism to elongate in an effort to outgrow submergence. When flooded, Rumex palustris is able to elongate its petioles in order to emerge from the surface of the water. This mechanism is a beneficial adaptation for Rumex palustris to survive its wetland habitat and is being studied for research on plant stress resistance.