OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amplitude adjusting

The Amplitude adjusting (also referred to as Amplitude control) enables the power control of electric loads, which are operated with AC voltage. A representative application is the heating control of industrial high temperature furnaces.

## Functionality

Contrary to the conventional phase angle or full wave control, during amplitude control only the Amplitude of the sinusoidal supply current is changed. The level of the amplitude only depends on the consumed power. The sinus oscillation does not change.
Because current and voltage are in phase, only real power is taken from the mains for amplitude control. So the current consumption from the mains is considerably lower than the current consumption in case of phase-angle operation.

## Advantages

The continuous current flow causes a mild operation of the used heater elements and consequently significant longer lifetimes are realized. Depending on the ambient conditions the lifetime can be twice as long.
Especially the surface damage of the heater elements at thresholds can be reduced.
The amplitude control eliminates the flicker effects and harmonics, as usual for Thyristor units, so that the standard specifications according to EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3 are observed.
Reactive power compensation is not required, reducing equipment costs.

## Applications

Sinus units or IGBT power converters for power control of:
* Resistance heatings
* Silicon carbide (SC) - heater elements
* Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) - heater elements
* Infralight radiators

## Literature

* Manfred Schleicher, Winfried Schneider: Electronic power units. ISBN 3-935742-05-3, ISBN 978-3-935742-05-4 (Download as PDF)
# Amplitude and phase-shift keying

Amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by modulating both the amplitude and the phase of a carrier wave. In other words, it combines both amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and phase-shift keying (PSK). This allows for a lower bit error rate for a given modulation order and signal-to-noise ratio, at the cost of increased complexity, compared to ASK or PSK alone.
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) can be considered a subset of APSK because all QAM schemes modulate both the amplitude and phase of the carrier. Conventionally, QAM constellations are rectangular and APSK constellations are circular, however this is not always the case. The distinction between the two is in their production; QAM is produced from two orthogonal signals. The advantage of APSK over conventional QAM is a lower number of possible amplitude levels and therefore a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The resilience of APSK to amplifier and channel non-linearities afforded by its low PAPR have made it especially attractive for satellite communications, including DVB-S2.

## Constellations

There are many APSK constellations. Circular constellations are the most common. There may be multiple circular constellations of the same order, for example 16-APSK could be implemented using a (1, 5, 10) constellation or a (5, 11) constellation. Increasing the number of rings decreases the bit error rate but increases the PAPR. Other APSK constellations include triangular, rectangular and hexagonal constellations.
A careful design of the constellation geometry can approach the Gaussian capacity as the constellation size grows to infinity. For the regular QAM constellations, a gap of 1.56 dB is observed. The previous solution, where the constellation has a Gaussian shape, is called constellation shaping.
# Amphixystis anachoreta

Amphixystis anachoreta is a moth of the family Tineidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921 and is found in Zimbabwe.
This species has a wingspan of 9mm. Its forewings are glossy light greyish-ochreous; markings formed by dark fuscous irrorations. .

## Related pages

* List of moths of Zimbabwe
# Amphixystis fragosa

Amphixystis fragosa is a moth of the family Tineidae. This species is known from Mauritius and Réunion. On Réunion, adults are on wing year-round.

## Description

This species has a wingspan of 9–10 mm. The forewings are dark-bronzy fuscous with a white streak partially tinged with yellowish running along the dorsum and termen from the base to near the apex, broadest towards the posterior part of the dorsum, the upper edge somewhat prominent at one-fourth and forming an angular prominence at three-fifths, where it reaches half across the wing, beyond this very narrow. There are two oblique white strigae from the costa posteriorly, not reaching the termen. The extreme apex is suffused with blackish. The hindwings are light grey.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1910, as Oinophila fragosa. In 1997, it was transferred to genus Amphixystis by G. S. Robinson & K. Tuck.
# Amphixystis cincinnata

Amphixystis cincinnata is a moth of the family Tineidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1915. It is found in Sri Lanka.
# Amkuna

Amkuna is a village in Uttar Bade Pasha Union under Golapganj Upazila of Sylhet District, Bangladesh.
According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Amkuna had 436 households and a population of 3,117. Islam was the majority religion (99.6% of the population). 10.4% of the population was under the age of 5. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 62.2%, compared to the national average of 51.8%.
# Celiptera teretilinea

Celiptera teretilinea is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in southern Brazil.
# Cattenbroek

Cattenbroek is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Montfoort, and lies about 4 km east of Woerden.
The hamlet was first mentioned in 1217 as Cattenbroec, and means inferior swampy land. The postal authorities have placed it under Linschoten. Cattenbroek does not have place name signs. In 1840, it was home to 75 people. There is a public beach on the lake near Cattenbroek.

## Gallery

* Farm in Cattenbroek
* Farm Helena in Cattenbroek
* Drawing of inn De Lindeboom (1729)
* Lake and beach near Cattenbroek
# NGC 2506

NGC 2506 (also known as Caldwell 54) is a mildly-elongated open cluster of stars in the equatorial constellation of Monoceros, located at a distance of 12.7 kly from the Sun near the Galactic anti-center. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1791. The cluster lies around 10,000 ly from the Galactic Center and about 1,600 ly above the Galactic plane. It is of intermediate age, estimated at around two billion years. The cluster has an angular radius of 12′ and a core radius of 4.8′.
At least 94 probable members have been identified within the field of NGC 2506 based upon their radial velocities. Compared to the Sun, the cluster is moderately metal-poor with an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = –0.3 dex. It shows indications of mass segregation, with the lower mass members being more likely to be in the outer parts of the cluster. This is the result of exchange of kinetic energy during encounters between the members. Twelve blue straggler stars have been located in the cluster, with three of them showing short-period oscillation. Fourteen Gamma Doradus variables have been found, as well as two detached eclipsing binaries, and three Delta Scuti stars.
# Cazals

Cazals may refer to:

## Geographical

Cazals is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:
* Cazals, in the Lot department
* Cazals, in the Tarn-et-Garonne department
* Cazals-des-Baylès, in the Ariège department

## Music

* Cazals (band), a rock band from London, England
# Cazals-des-Baylès

Cazals-des-Baylès is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.
# NGC 4815

NGC 4815 is an open cluster in the constellation Musca. It was discovered by John Herschel in 1834. It is located approximately 10,000 light years away from Earth.

## Characteristics

NGC 4815 is an intermediate age cluster. Carraro and Ortolani determined the age of the cluster to be 500 million years, based on BV photometry, which is nearly the same as the Hyades, while Sagar et al. determined its age at 400±50 million years and Kharchenko et al. at 400 million years. Friel at al. estimated its age to be between 500 and 630 million years.
There are 69 probable member stars within the angular radius of the cluster and 39 within the central part of the cluster. Five blue stragglers have been detected in the cluster, and 15 red giants are probable members of the cluster. The earliest main sequence stars are of type A0. One of the stars in the cluster region shows extremely red colour along with blue ultraviolet colour and it could be an interacting binary star. The turnoff point is at 2.6 ±0.1 M$_☉$.
The members show small dispersions in abundance, with the exception of Mg, which is common for clusters of rather low mass, as NGC 4815. The mean metallicity of the cluster is [Fe/H] = +0.03 ± 0.05 dex (as estimated by Frieal et al.) or −0.01 ± 0.04 (as estimated by Tautvaišienė et al.). Alpha-elements [Ca/Fe] and [Si/Fe] show solar ratios, [Mg/Fe] is moderately enhanced, [Ti/Fe] is slightly subsolar, [Al/Fe] is enhanced, and [Na/Fe] is significantly enhanced. THE CNO abundances in the cluster are [C/H] = −0.17 ± 0.08, [N/H] = 0.53 ± 0.07, [O/H] = 0.12 ± 0.09, and [C/N] = 0.79 ± 0.08.
# Anahí (disambiguation)

Anahí is a Mexican actress and singer.
Anahí may also refer to:
* Anahí (album), a 1993 album by Anahí
* Anahí de Cárdenas, a Peruvian actress, model, dancer and singer
* María Dora "Anahí" Sánchez, a former Argentine Senator
* Anahi, from Guarani ana-i “cockspur coral tree (Erythrina crista-galli)”.
# Anahí Berneri

Anahí Berneri (born 1975) is an Argentine film director and screenwriter. Her films have been shown at various film festivals around the world.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2005 | A Year Without Love | Teddy Award Nominated – Mar del Plata International Film Festival – Best Film |
| 2007 | Encarnación | |
| 2010 | It's Your Fault | |
| 2014 | Aire libre | Nominated – Golden Shell |
| 2017 | Alanis | Grand Coral – First Prize Silver Shell for Best Director Nominated – Golden Shell |

## Awards

* Teddy Award (2005)
* Silver Shell for Best Director (2017)
# Amt Kleine Elster (Niederlausitz)

Amt Kleine Elster (Niederlausitz) is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Elbe-Elster, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat is in Massen-Niederlausitz.
The Amt Kleine Elster (Niederlausitz) consists of the following municipalities:
* Crinitz
* Lichterfeld-Schacksdorf
* Massen-Niederlausitz
* Sallgast

## Demography

* Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)
* Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line); for 2020-2030 (green line)
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 5,139 | — |
| 1890 | 5,611 | +0.59% |
| 1910 | 8,344 | +2.00% |
| 1925 | 8,204 | −0.11% |
| 1939 | 8,599 | +0.34% |
| 1950 | 11,060 | +2.31% |
| 1964 | 9,192 | −1.31% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1971 | 8,916 | −0.43% |
| 1981 | 7,709 | −1.44% |
| 1985 | 7,490 | −0.72% |
| 1990 | 6,856 | −1.75% |
| 1995 | 7,051 | +0.56% |
| 2000 | 7,135 | +0.24% |
| 2005 | 6,745 | −1.12% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2010 | 6,119 | −1.93% |
| 2015 | 5,763 | −1.19% |
| 2016 | 5,688 | −1.30% |
| 2017 | 5,563 | −2.20% |
| 2018 | 5,509 | −0.97% |
| 2019 | 5,451 | −1.05% |
| 2020 | 5,376 | −1.38% |
* ↑ Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons
51°38′05″N 13°43′30″E﻿ / ﻿51.634611°N 13.725083°E﻿ / 51.634611; 13.725083
* This Brandenburg location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Amt Nennhausen

Amt Nennhausen is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Havelland, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat is in Nennhausen.
The Amt Nennhausen consists of the following municipalities:
* Kotzen
* Märkisch Luch
* Nennhausen
* Stechow-Ferchesar

## Demography

* Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)
* Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line); for 2020-2030 (green line)
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 6,338 | — |
| 1890 | 6,379 | +0.04% |
| 1910 | 6,319 | −0.05% |
| 1925 | 6,963 | +0.65% |
| 1939 | 6,272 | −0.74% |
| 1950 | 9,325 | +3.67% |
| 1964 | 6,674 | −2.36% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1971 | 6,459 | −0.47% |
| 1981 | 5,483 | −1.62% |
| 1985 | 5,411 | −0.33% |
| 1990 | 5,182 | −0.86% |
| 1995 | 4,944 | −0.94% |
| 2000 | 5,040 | +0.39% |
| 2005 | 4,973 | −0.27% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2010 | 4,767 | −0.84% |
| 2015 | 4,632 | −0.57% |
| 2016 | 4,663 | +0.67% |
| 2017 | 4,598 | −1.39% |
| 2018 | 4,626 | +0.61% |
| 2019 | 4,575 | −1.10% |
| 2020 | 4,573 | −0.04% |
# Méobecq

Méobecq (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

## Geography

The commune is located in the parc naturel régional de la Brenne.
# Amy Richau

Amy Richau is an American writer. She is the founder of the website 365 Star Wars, which focuses on giving visibility to women in the Star Wars universe.

## Biography

Richau developed an interest in the American science fiction saga Star Wars from a very early age and, during her childhood, she went to the cinema to see the film Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope, which was released in 1977. During her adult years, she began writing for websites such as Screen Rant and Nerdist, and contributed to the creation of the docuseries Looking for Leia. After this, she was hired to write for the StarWars.com website, and in 2021 she released her first book, Star Wars: I Love You. I Know. In 2022, she published the official Star Wars: The High Republic Show encyclopedia in collaboration with Megan Crouse, focusing on the characters, places and events of the multimedia initiative Star Wars: The High Republic. The cover art was done by artist Phil Noto.
A new official Star Wars encyclopedia was announced for release in January 2024. The encyclopedia was to be published in September, and to be written by Amy Richau along with authors Dan Brooks, Megan Crouse, Kelly Knox, Amy Ratcliffe, Brandon Wainerdi, and Dan Zehr.
# Amphibious rat

Amphibious rat may refer to:
* Amphinectomys savamis, the amphibious rat, of Peru
* Lundomys molitor, Lund's amphibious rat, of Uruguay and southern Brazil
* Nilopegamys plumbeus, the Ethiopian amphibious rat, of Ethiopia
# Playboy.co.uk

Playboy.co.uk is an internet web address owned by the PLBY Group. Since 2012 it has redirected to playboy.com, but prior to that a separate website was maintained at the address.
Playboy.co.uk was originally operated on a paid-for-content basis. It was re-launched in February 2009 as a free-access website funded by advertising, with the bulk of its content free to users.
The re-launched website had editorial and video content that was advertiser-funded, including entertainment channels featuring movies, music, games, TV shows and sports along with a branded social networking element. Its "Life & Style" section included editorial and video content on grooming, fashion, food, gadgets and opinions, all reflecting the Playboy lifestyle.
Additionally, it also produced some original content that differed from print editions of the publications produced by Playboy Publishing.
# Abisogun Leigh

Abisogun Leigh is a Nigerian academic and administrator. He was the Vice-Chancellor of Lagos State University from 2001 to 2005. He succeeded Fatiu Ademola Akesode who died before the end of his tenure in March 2001; and was appointed by Bola Tinubu.

## Personal life

Leigh loves swimming and is a patron of the Swimming Section of the Lagos Country Club
# Erbessa projecta

Erbessa projecta is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by William Warren in 1909. It is found in Brazil.
# Bremen Teater (Copenhagen)

Bremen Teater is a theatre in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It seats 648 people and is used as a venue for everything from comedy shows and concerts to theatre and talks.

## History

The building, which also contains Hotel Mercur, was completed in 1956. The building was designed by Danish architect Otto Frankild.
The Mercur Theater was opened by Aage Stentoft in 1965, who served as theatre director. It was used as a venue for touring theatre companies and made its own productions. Preben Kaas later succeeded Aage Stentoft as theatre director.
In 1971 the Danish charter travel tycoon Simon Spies, who owned the building, took over the theatre. He used it as a combined cinema for erotic films and night club, screening the MGM film Pretty Maids All in a Row on his fiftieth birthday for its opening. A private elevator connected the theatre to his office on the first floor and his apartment on the sixth floor. Simon Spies gave up the theatre in 1980 and it was then used by "Det Ny Musikteater" ("The New Music Theatre") until 1984. In 1985 it changed its name to Privat Teatret ("The Private Theatre") with Niels-Bo Valbro as theatre director. He chose to close the theatre in 2007 due to economic difficulties.
In 2009 the venue was revived under its current name by a group of people from the Danish entertainment industry, including Casper Christensen, Frank Hvam, Simon Kvamm and Niels Hausgaard.

## Current use

The theatre has been known by its current name, Bremen Teater, since September 2009. For some time the theatre hosted the sketch show "Live fra Bremen" and the talk show "ALOHA!", which were both aired on TV2.
Since the opening of the theatre the list of acknowledged Danish names on the stage has included, among others, Casper Christensen & Frank Hvam, Niels Hausgaard, Simon Kvamm, Mew, Vi Sidder Bare Her and Anders & Peter Lund Madsen. The theatre has for several years been the selected venue for established award shows and film screenings in both the movie and music industries, hosting events such as Steppeulven, Bodil Awards, GAFFA Awards and CPH:DOX. In addition, Bremen Teater has had a number of international names on the stage, such as Laurie Anderson, David Cross, Bill Burr and Henry Rollins.
The variety of events at Bremen Teater includes comedy, theatre, concerts, award shows, film screenings, parties, talks, conferences and many others. In September 2012 the theatre opened a bar called Natbar, which won the reputable Politiken "Ibyen Award 2012" for bar of the year. Natbar has since established itself as a significant part of Copenhagen night life.
Day-to-day management of the theatre was, until summer 2013, operated by Mai Manaa Kristensen, Morten Manaa Kristensen and Nynne Mee Pilgaard. Today, the managing director of Bremen Teater is Jesper Majdall and day-to-day manager is Søren Hvidt.
# 75 Dollar Bill

75 Dollar Bill is a musical duo formed in New York City in 2012. Its members are Che Chen (guitar), formerly of True Primes, and Rick Brown (drums), formerly of V-Effect and Curlew. Sasha Frere-Jones described their music as displaying "a certain kind of formal fullness and technical freedom," which he said has helped introduce jazz to a new generation. Other critics have noted that their music shows signs of Mauritanian influences, because Chen studied Moorish music in Mauritania with Jheich Ould Chighaly in 2013. Their first full-length album, Wooden Bag, was released in 2015 by Other Music Recording Company. Their second album, Wood/Metal/Plastic/Pattern/Rhythm/Rock, was released in 2016 on the Los Angeles-based label Thin Wrist.
For their 2019 album, I Was Real, they expanded to a larger ensemble of players, which the Guardian described as "adding yet more depth to their placeless, gripping grooves". The Wire named I Was Real the number one album on their year end list for 2019. Since then they have self-released a series of live recordings through Bandcamp, including Power Failures and the Social Music at Troost series.

## Discography

* Wooden Bag (2015, Other Music)
* Wood/Metal/Plastic/Pattern/Rhythm/Rock (2016, Thin Wrist)
* I Was Real (2019, Thin Wrist)
* Live at Tubby's (2020, Grapefruit)
# Planet Hollywood Goa

Planet Hollywood Beach Resort, (stylized as planet hollywood) is a luxury 5 star hotel based in Goa, India inspired by the popular Las Vegas casino hotel Planet Hollywood and it was launched in Goa December 2014, it is India's first Hollywood themed Beach Resort in Goa. Sachiin Joshi is the founder and Vice Chairman of this beach resort, who is an Indian film actor, producer and son of JMJ Group owner Jagdish Mohanlal Joshi .
# Ercta scotialis

Ercta scotialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1912. It is found in Zimbabwe.
# Epipaschia superatalis

Epipaschia superatalis, the dimorphic macalla moth, is a moth in the family Pyralidae. It is found in eastern North America.
The wingspan is 17–25 mm. Adults are on wing from late May to August.
# Epectasis mexicana

Epectasis mexicana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1954. It is known from Mexico.
# Epectasis rotundipennis

Epectasis rotundipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1943. It is known from Brazil.
# Ergalatax pauper

Ergalatax pauper is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
# Eric Finkelstein

Eric Andrew Finkelstein is an American health economist. He is a Professor in the Health Services & Systems Research Program at Duke-NUS Medical School, where he is also the executive director of the Lien Centre for Palliative Care. He is also a research professor at Duke University's Global Health Institute.

## Education

Finkelstein received his B.A. from the University of Michigan in 1991 and his M.A., Ph.D., and M.H.A. from the University of Washington in 1996, 1998, and 1999, respectively.

## Academic career

In 1999, Finkelstein joined RTI International as a senior health economist, and became the director of the Public Health Economics Program there in 2006. He served as an associate professor at Duke-NUS from 2009 until he was appointed a full professor there in 2013.

## Research

Finkelstein is known for his studies examining the economic costs of obesity. One study led by Finkelstein estimated that 42% of Americans would have obesity by 2030.

## Books

Finkelstein is the author of two books: "Incidence and Economic Burden of Injuries in the United States" (2006) and "The Fattening of America" (2008).
# Eric Lowell

Eric James Lowell (born 8 March 1935) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Derby County and Stoke City.

## Career

Lowell was born in Stoke-on-Trent but began his career with Derby County where he played and scored in one match in the 1954–55 season before he joined Stoke City. He played seven matches for Stoke during the 1955–56 season and scored three goals all of which came in the first month of the season. Despite this he never managed to claim a place in the first team and left for Stafford Rangers.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Derby County | 1954–55 | Second Division | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Stoke City | 1956–56 | Second Division | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 4 |
# Erythroepalpus

Erythroepalpus is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Mexico

## Species

* Erythroepalpus aurantiacus Townsend, 1931