OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2009 in French television

This is a list of French television related events from 2009.

## Events

* 9 June – Soan wins the seventh series of Nouvelle Star.
* 25 September – Emilie Nefnaf wins series 3 of Secret Story.
* 28 September – Launch of the French version of The X Factor.
* 28 September – Sébastien Agius wins the first series of X Factor.
* 30 December – Dance troupe Les Echos-liés win the fourth series of La France a un incroyable talent.

## Debuts

* 28 September – X Factor (2009–2011)

## Television shows
### 1940s

* Le Jour du Seigneur (1949–present)

### 1950s

* Présence protestante (1955–)

### 1970s

* 30 millions d'amis (1976–2016)

### 2000s

* Nouvelle Star (2003–2010, 2012–present)
* Plus belle la vie (2004–present)
* La France a un incroyable talent (2006–present)
* Secret Story (2007–present)

## Networks and services
### Launches

| Network | Type | Launch date | Notes | Source |
| Clubbing TV | Cable and satellite | 9 January | | |
| Trace Caribbean | Cable television | 12 February | | |

### Conversions and rebrandings

| Old network name | New network name | Type | Conversion Date | Notes | Source |
| | | Cable and satellite | | | |

### Closures

| Network | Type | End date | Notes | Sources |
| [] | Cable and satellite | | | |

## Deaths

| Date | Name | Age | Cinematic Credibility |
| 16 September | Filip Nikolic | 35 | French actor & singer from 2Be3 |
# Labioscrotal swelling

The labioscrotal swellings (genital swellings or labioscrotal folds) are paired structures in the mammalian embryo that represent the final stage of development of the caudal end of the external genitals before sexual differentiation. In humans, the two swellings merge:
* In the female, they become the posterior labial commissure. The sides of the genital tubercle grow backward as the genital swellings, which ultimately form the labia majora; the tubercle itself becomes the mons pubis.
* In the male, they become the scrotum.
# Bill Quateman

Bill Quateman (born November 4, 1947, Chicago, Illinois) is an American singer-songwriter. Quateman released four albums in the 1970s and charted with the single "Only Love", which reached No. 86 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1973.

## Discography

* Bill Quateman (Columbia Records, 1972) U.S. No. 206
* Night After Night (RCA Victor, 1977) U.S. No. 129
* Shot in the Dark (RCA Victor, 1977)
* Just Like You (RCA Victor, 1979)
* The Almost Eve of Everything (Next of Kin Music, 2000)
* Trust with Buzz Feiten (Dreamsville Records, 2002)
# Nutrient budgeting

Nutrient budgets are comparisons of nutrients applied to the soil to those taken up by crops. A nutrient budget takes into account all the nutrient inputs on a farm and all those removed from the land. The most obvious source of nutrients in this situation is fertilizer, but this is only part of the picture. Other inputs come with rainfall, in supplements brought on to the farm and in effluent – either farm or dairy factory – spread on the land. In addition, nutrients can be moved around the farm – from an area used for growing silage to the area used to feed it out, from paddock to raceway, and within paddocks in dung and urine patches. Nutrients are removed from the farm in stock sold on, products (meat, milk, wool), crops sold or fed out off farm, and through processes such as nitrate leaching, volatilization and phosphate run-off etc.

## Importance

An accurate nutrient budget is an important tool to provide an early indication of potential problems arising from (i) a nutrient surplus (inputs>outputs), leading to an accumulation of nutrients and increased risk of loss or (ii) a deficit (outputs>inputs), depleting nutrient reserves and increasing the risk of deficiencies and reduced crop yields. They also provide regulatory authorities with a readily-determined, comparative indicator of environmental impact. Overall, nutrient budgets help ensure that farming practices are conducted in an efficient, economic, and environmentally sustainable manner.

## Assumptions

A nutrient budget isn't as exact as a financial statement. An assortment of variables affects each tract of land. For example, some areas may have had too much manure applied over time or it may have been unevenly distributed, and previous flooding could affect results. Limits and assumptions should be incorporated when compiling a budget including the average nutrient removal coefficient values if they are not specific to a certain field.

### Soil test

    This component is complementary to the budget and lets you know what nutrients are already available to crops and helps you plan input purchases. It is a critical best management practice (BMP) in the 4R strategy.

### Yield history

    By examining the historical yields of crops take from specific fields, you can calculate nutrient removal over time. Yield history may also help better predict the amount of uptake that will occur with similar crops planted in the future.

### Previous applications

    Knowing what's been applied to the field in years past will offer insight into what may already be in the ground or what nutrients may no longer be present.

### Water

    Consider what kind of water has been applied to the field. Does irrigation water contain dissolved nutrients such as nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), or chloride (Cl)? If so, it should be counted as input.

### What's around you?

    Consider water sources that could run into your field. Is there a manufacturing facility nearby? What makes up these water sources can impact how you plant.
# Karukh

Karukh (Persian/Pashto: كرخ) is a town and the center of Karukh District, Herat Province, Afghanistan. The population is more than 18,800 people. The town is located at 1320 m altitude, 50 km northeast of Herat. Karukh's busy bazaar is continuously mentioned in travelogues down through the centuries. The shrine of Alla Berdi, Sufi ul-Islam, stands there.

## Climate

With a mild and generally warm and temperate climate, Karukh features a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) under the Köppen climate classification. The average temperature in Karukh is 13.1 °C, while the annual precipitation averages 301 mm.
July is the hottest month of the year with an average temperature of 24.9 °C. The coldest month January has an average temperature of 0.7 °C.
Climate data for Karukh :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) | 8.5 (47.3) | 14.7 (58.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 25.8 (78.4) | 31.1 (88.0) | 33.0 (91.4) | 31.9 (89.4) | 27.8 (82.0) | 21.9 (71.4) | 14.8 (58.6) | 9.7 (49.5) | 20.5 (68.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) | 2.8 (37.0) | 8.3 (46.9) | 13.3 (55.9) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.8 (73.0) | 24.9 (76.8) | 23.7 (74.7) | 18.8 (65.8) | 13.2 (55.8) | 7.2 (45.0) | 3.4 (38.1) | 13.1 (55.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.2 (22.6) | −2.8 (27.0) | 1.9 (35.4) | 6.6 (43.9) | 10.4 (50.7) | 14.5 (58.1) | 16.9 (62.4) | 15.5 (59.9) | 9.8 (49.6) | 4.5 (40.1) | −0.4 (31.3) | −2.9 (26.8) | 5.7 (42.3) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Notable people

* Rangin Dadfar Spanta
# Lagendijk

Lagendijk is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Joost Lagendijk (born 1957), Dutch politician
* Ger Lagendijk (1941–2010), Dutch footballer
* Ad Lagendijk (born 1947), Dutch physicist
# Argulus

Argulus is a genus of fish lice in the family Argulidae. There are about 140 accepted species in the genus Argulus. They occur in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. They sit tightly against the host body, this minimises risk of detachment. As juveniles, these species feed on mucous and skin cells of their host. With age they become blood feeders because the parasite moves from feeding on the fins to feeding on the body of the fish, causing the feeding change. At least some species can have severe impacts on their host populations.

## Taxonomy

As of December 2022, 138 species are accepted: List of Argulidae species
# Luke Strong

Luke Strong may refer to:
* Luke Strong (Coronation Street), a character in the British television soap opera Coronation Street
* Luke Strong (gymnast) (born 1993), British trampoline gymnast
# Cotana

Cotana is a genus of moths in the family Eupterotidae.

## Species

* Cotana affinis Rothschild, 1917
* Cotana albaserrati (Bethune-Baker, 1910)
* Cotana albomaculata (Bethune-Baker, 1904)
* Cotana aroa (Bethune-Baker, 1904)
* Cotana bakeri (Joicey & Talbot, 1917)
* Cotana biagi (Bethune-Baker, 1908)
* Cotana bisecta Rothschild, 1917
* Cotana brunnescens Rothschild, 1917
* Cotana castaneorufa Rothschild, 1917
* Cotana dubia (Bethune-Baker, 1904)
* Cotana eichhorni Rothschild, 1932
* Cotana erectilinea (Bethune-Baker, 1910)
* Cotana germana Rothschild, 1917
* Cotana joiceyi Rothschild, 1917
* Cotana kebeae (Bethune-Baker, 1904)
* Cotana lunulata (Bethune-Baker, 1904)
* Cotana meeki Rothschild, 1917
* Cotana neurina Turner, 1922
* Cotana pallidipascia Rothschild, 1917
* Cotana postpallida (Rothschild, 1917)
* Cotana rosselliana Rothschild, 1917
* Cotana rubrescens Walker, 1865
* Cotana serranotata (T.P. Lucas, 1894)
* Cotana splendida Rothschild, 1932
* Cotana tenebricosa (Hering, 1931)
* Cotana unistrigata (Bethune-Baker, 1904)
* Cotana variegata Rothschild, 1917

## Former species

* Cotana calliloma Turner, 1903
# Cotalpa consobrina

Cotalpa consobrina is a beetle of the family Scarabaeidae.

## Gallery

* Specimen collection
# Cottunculus sadko

Cottunculus sadko is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Psychrolutidae, the fatheads. This species is found from Greenland to the Norwegian and Kara Seas in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. However, some authorities regard this taxon as a synonym of the Polar sculpin (C. microps).
# Olivier Delamarche

Olivier Delamarche (born 9 February 1966) is a French economic analyst known for being the columnist for the television show C'est Cash on RT France.

## Biography

A former member of the French Society of Financial Analysts (SFAF), Delamarche was an analyst and then a sales trader for Pinatton, Wargny and Leven.
He created his own Sicav in 2004, then in 2005 a management company called Platinium Gestion which he sold in 2014.
From 2009 to 2017, he was a weekly columnist on BFM Business. However, he often took pessimistic views on the economy which the channel's writers were opposed to, so they decided not to keep him.
# Coulanges-la-Vineuse

Coulanges-la-Vineuse (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. Best known for its wines, Coulanges produces extremely pleasing Red and Rosé wines, similar in style to those of nearby Irancy, although lacking something of the depth and structure. Most of the vines are Pinot Noir, although a few Gamay and Cesar vines remain. Unlike Irancy it is yet to win its own Village Appellation and the wines are labelled under the regional appellation Bourgogne Coulanges-la-Vineuse.
# Omkareshwar Dam

The Omkareshwar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada River just upstream of Mandhata in Khandwa district, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is named after the Omkareshwar temple located just downstream. The dam was constructed between 2003 and 2007 with the purpose of providing water for irrigation of 132,500 ha (327,000 acres). An associated hydroelectric power station located at the base of the dam has an installed capacity of 520 MW.
# Cox process

In probability theory, a Cox process, also known as a doubly stochastic Poisson process is a point process which is a generalization of a Poisson process where the intensity that varies across the underlying mathematical space (often space or time) is itself a stochastic process. The process is named after the statistician David Cox, who first published the model in 1955.
Cox processes are used to generate simulations of spike trains (the sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron), and also in financial mathematics where they produce a "useful framework for modeling prices of financial instruments in which credit risk is a significant factor."

## Definition

Let $\xi$ be a random measure.
A random measure $\eta$ is called a Cox process directed by $\xi$, if ${\mathcal {L}}(\eta \mid \xi =\mu )$ is a Poisson process with intensity measure $\mu$.
Here, ${\mathcal {L}}(\eta \mid \xi =\mu )$ is the conditional distribution of $\eta$, given $\{\xi =\mu \}$.

## Laplace transform

If $\eta$ is a Cox process directed by $\xi$, then $\eta$ has the Laplace transform
    ${\mathcal {L}}_{\eta }(f)=\exp \left(-\int 1-\exp(-f(x))\;\xi (\mathrm {d} x)\right)$
for any positive, measurable function $f$.
# Crack Fierce

Hideki Kato, better known under the stage name Crack Fierce, is a Japanese noise musician. He started Crack Fierce in the spring of 1996, and also runs the label United Syndicate. He has also built effects units.
Note: He is not the same as Kato Hideki, who plays bass in Ground Zero.

## Discography
### As Crack Fierce

* Vagina Starving (1996 United Syndicate)
* Smack My Crack (199? Self Abuse)
* Felony Noise (1997 Lazy Squid)
* Illegal Collage & Feedback (1998 Robotomy)
* Full Metal Confused (1998 Solipsism)
* Perspicacious Variance (1999 Spite)
* Red Flag (2008 Noise Ninja)
* Heterogenious Infusion (split with Mlehst) (1997 United Syndicate)
* "Pain Circulation" (split with Kazumoto Endo) (1997 United Syndicate)
* "Crowded Noise" (split with Armenia) (1997 Bizarre Audio Arts / United Syndicate)
* untitled (split with Third Organ) (1999 United Syndicate)

### As C-Fat

with Two Assistant Deputy Ministers
* untitled (2004 United Syndicate)
* Kennel Club (2004 United Syndicate)

### As Flip Flop

* Interior A Priori Estimate (200? United Syndicate)

### As Melting Plastic Head Core

with Mo*Te
* My Sweet Memory (1998 Uncut)
# Omorgus satorui

Omorgus satorui is a species of hide beetle in the subfamily Omorginae and subgenus Afromorgus.
# On the Great White Trail

On the Great White Trail also known as Renfrew on the Great White Trail is a 1938 American Northern starring James Newill as Sgt. Renfrew of the Royal Mounted in the second of the film series. It was produced and directed by Albert Herman.

## Plot

Even in the remote fur trading section of Canada, Sergeant Douglas Renfrew finds a lady in distress. Kay Larkin, whose father is a suspect to a crime. Larkin's partner, along with another Mountie, are found murdered: word came down from the remote region of the Pacific Northwest from Dr. Howe, who resides there. But after finding old man Larkin, and arresting him in the name of the Crown, Renfrew hears his story and suspect's Kay's father is innocent of the charges. Pierre, an employee of a trading post up north, is suspect until Dr. Howe's guilt is revealed. Howe committed the murders and attempted to frame Larkin. The motive was theft and greed that resulted in a murder neither party wanted to be involved, then attempted to cover their tracks.

## Cast

* James Newill as Sgt. Renfrew
* Terry Walker as Kay Larkin
* Robert Frazer as Andrew Larkin
* Richard Alexander as Doc Howe
* Richard Tucker as Inspector Newcom
* Bob Terry as Sergeant Kelly
* Eddie Gribbon as RCMP Constable Patsy
* Walter McGrail as Garou
* Philo McCullough as Henchman Williams
* Charles King as Henchman LaGrange
* Juan Duval as Henchman Pierre
* Victor Potel as Lyons
* Silver King the Dog as King, Renfrew's Dog

## Production

Replacing Lighting, the police dog from the first Renfrew movie, was another German Shepherd, Silver King, whose screen presence lasted a mere half a dozen movies. Director Al Herman was contracted to direct two Renfrew movies. Because the studio, Grand National Pictures, filed bankruptcy, Criterion acquired the former contract and Herman fulfilled his obligation before departing the poverty row studio for another low-budget entity, Monogram. Herman would go on to direct a number of Tex Ritter westerns.

## Soundtrack

* James Newill - "Mounted Men" (Written by Betty Laidlaw and Robert Lively)
* James Newill - "You're Beautiful" (Written by Lew Porter)
* James Newill - "Je T'aime" (Written by Lew Porter and Bob Taylor)
# Craig Charleston

Craig Charleston (born 8 May 1970) is a Scottish football referee.
# On Air (Chris Whitley album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
On Air is the fifteenth album by singer-songwriter and guitarist Chris Whitley and his second live album. The performance is a compilation of songs from a selection of Whitley's past albums (Living with the Law (1991), Terra Incognita (1997), Dirt Floor (1998), Perfect Day (2000), Rocket House (2001), Pigs Will Fly (soundtrack) (2003), and Hotel Vast Horizon (2003)) and three new covers.
It was produced by Radio Bremen and recorded for 'Sparkasse in concert' on September 8, 2003, at Radio Bremen Sendesaal in Bremen, Germany by the Radio Bremen recording crew.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Chris Whitley unless otherwise noted.
* "The Old Man and Me" (J. J. Cale) – 3:55
* "Drifting" (Jimi Hendrix) – 2:44
* "Kick the Stones" – 4:02
* "Clear Blue Sky" – 5:07
* "Light Rain" (traditional) – 4:07
* "She's Alright" (McKinley Morganfield – Muddy Waters) – 4:23
* "New Lost World" – 4:07
* "To Joy (Revolution of the Innocents)" (Chris Whitley, Tony Mangurian) – 4:41
* "The Crystal Ship" (John Densmore, Robby Krieger, Ray Manzarek, Jim Morrison – The Doors) – 3:22
* "4th Time Around" (Bob Dylan) – 4:09
* "Vertical Desert" – 4:00
* "Hotel Vast Horizon" – 4:00
* "Scrapyard Lullaby" – 4:16
* "Phone Call from Leavenworth" – 4:42
* "From a Photograph" – 3:44
* "Shadowland" – 4:35
* "Well...All Right" (Jerry Allison, Charles Hardin Holly, Joe Benson Mauldin, Norman Petty – The Crickets) – 4:05
* "Velocity Girl" – 4:57

## Personnel

* Chris Whitley – guitar, vocals
# Olumu

Olomu was a paramount traditional ruler of Iwoye-Ketu, a town in Ogun State, southwestern Nigeria. He was the pioneer King of "Iwoye Ketu" who brought Orisa Oluwa, a deity of Yoruba mythology that forbids the use of Umbrella in Iwoye-Ketu.
# Crassispira sacerdotalis

Crassispira sacerdotalis is a species of small predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 8 mm.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe.
# Crassispira sanibelensis

Crassispira sanibelensis, common name the Sanibel turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 29 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Western Florida (Sanibel Island), USA and off the Bahamas
# Crassispira scala

Crassispira scala is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 15 mm and 30 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Micronesia
# Crassispira schillingi

Crassispira scala is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Zanzibar
# Oncotripsy

Oncotripsy is a potential cancer therapy under development that selectively targets cancer cells by means of ultrasound harmonic excitation at their resonance frequency. It is a type of therapeutic ultrasound.

## Approaches

A low intensity (ISPTA < 5 W/cm2) pulsed ultrasound (LIPSA) approach can exploit the mechanical properties of neoplastic cells to target them for destruction. Ultrasound applied at a frequency of 0.5–0.67 MHz for >20 ms causes selective disruption of a panel of breast, colon, and leukemia cancer cell models in suspension without significantly damaging healthy immune or red blood cells. The approach produces acoustic standing waves and cell-seeded cavitation that leads to cytoskeletal disruption, expression of apoptotic markers, and cell death.
A geometric cell model includes cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus, as well as the cell membrane and nuclear envelope. A modal analysis reveals the existence of a spectral gap between the resonant growth rates of healthy and cancerous cells along with their natural frequencies. Simulation reveals the nonlinear transient response of healthy and cancerous cells at resonance. Cancerous cells can selectively be taken to lysis via excitation without damage to healthy cells.

## History

Ultrasound has been used a cancer therapy since the 1930s. Initially, high-intensity beams were used to heat and destroy cells. Separately, contrast agents were injected prior to ultrasound, which then destroyed nearby cells. However, heat can harm healthy cells as well as cancer cells, and contrast agents work for only a few tumors.
In 2016 a resonant therapy technique was announced.
In 2020 a low-intensity resonant approach was demonstrated to selectively destroy tumor cells in vitro. As of this announcement the approach had not been tested in live animals.
# Maynard's Green

Maynard's Green is a village in the Wealden district of East Sussex.
# La Venta, Asturias

La Venta is one of eight parishes (administrative divisions) in the Asturian municipality of Langreo, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
The most important villages are El Carmen and La Venta. El Carmen hosts an ancient chapel dedicated to the Virgin of Carmen that was an important centre of peregrination at the Nalon Valley.
La Venta has rural landscapes and a population of 300 inhabitants.
* This article about a location in the Principality of Asturias, Spain, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Bill Morrell

Willard Blackmer Morrell (April 9, 1893 – August 5, 1975) was a professional baseball player. He was a right-handed pitcher over parts of three seasons (1926, 1930–31) with the Washington Senators and New York Giants. For his career, he compiled an 8-6 record, with a 4.64 earned run average, and 35 strikeouts in 143.2 innings pitched.
An alumnus of the University of Massachusetts Lowell and Tufts University, he was born in Hyde Park, Massachusetts and died in Birmingham, Alabama at the age of 82.
# Nutrient artery

The nutrient artery (arteria nutricia, or central artery), usually accompanied by one or two nutrient veins, enters the bone through the nutrient foramen, runs obliquely through the cortex, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the endosteum–the vascular membrane lining the medullary cavity–and give twigs to the adjoining canals. Nutrient arteries are the most apparent blood vessels of the bones.
All bones possess larger or smaller foramina for the entrance of the nourishing blood-vessels; these are known as the nutrient foramina, and are particularly large in the shafts of the larger long bones, where they lead into a nutrient canal, which extends into the medullary cavity (bone marrow cavity).
# Karl Svozil

Karl Svozil (born 18 December 1956 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian physicist educated at the University of Vienna and Heidelberg University. Visiting scholar at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California at Berkeley, US (1982–1983), the Lebedev Institute of the Moscow State University, and the Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg (1986). Docent in Theoretical Physics at the Vienna Technical University. Ao. Univ. Professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics of the Vienna Technical University. External Researcher at the Centre for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science of the University of Auckland.
Research in quantum theory, applications of computability theory, algorithmic information theory, constructive mathematics (in Errett Bishop's sense) in theoretical physics, equilibrium dynamics.

## Selected bibliography

* Svozil, Karl (1 September 1998). Quantum Logic. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-981-4021-07-4.
* Svozil, Karl (1993). Randomness and Undecidability in Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. doi:10.1142/1524. ISBN 978-981-02-0809-7.
* Svozil, Karl (2023). UFOs: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena: Observations, Explanations and Speculations. Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34398-8. ISBN 978-3-031-34397-1.