OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt

Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt (20 July 1671 in Darmstadt – 11 August 1736 in Vienna) was a Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt, Imperial Field marshal and Governor of Mantua.

## Life

Philip was a younger son of Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1630–1678) and his second wife Princess Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1640–1709), daughter of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha and Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg.
Philip fought for the Habsburgs in the Spanish War of Succession and became in 1708 Field Marshal and Supreme Commander of the Imperial troops in newly conquered Naples. After the war in 1714, under influence of Prince Eugene of Savoy, he became governor of the former Duchy of Mantua until his death.
Philip was a great lover of music. When he commanded the Austrian Army in Naples, he was patron of Nicola Porpora, and when he was governor of Mantua, he made Antonio Vivaldi Maestro di Cappella of his court. Vivaldi wrote the opera Tito Manlio in Philip's honor.

## Marriage and issue

On 24 March 1693, in Brussels, Philip married Princess Marie Ernestine of Croÿ (1673–1714), daughter of Duke Ferdinand Joseph of Croy-Havré (1644-1694) and his wife, Countess Marie Joséphine Barbe van Halewijn de Hames (d. 1713). For this marriage, he converted to Catholicism, despite heavy protest of his mother. They had 5 children :
* Joseph (13 January, 1699 − 20 August, 1768), Prince-Bishop of Augsburg
* Wilhelm Ludwig (6 July, 1704 - 24 July, 1704) Died in infancy
* Theodora (6 February 1706 – 23 January 1784), married in 1727 Duke Antonio Ferrante Gonzaga of Guastalla (1687–1729), no issue.
* Leopold (11 April, 1708– 27 October, 1764), Imperial Field marshal, married in 1740 Princess Enrichetta d'Este of Modena (1702–1777). They had no issue.
* Charles (23 April, 1710 - 17 June, 1710) Died young

## Literature

* Andreas Räss: Die Convertiten seit der Reformation S. 467 ff.
* Alfred Arneth: Prinz Eugen von Savoyen, Wien, 1864
* Alessandro Cont, La Chiesa dei principi. Le relazioni tra Reichskirche, dinastie sovrane tedesche e stati italiani (1688-1763), preface of Elisabeth Garms-Cornides, Trento, Provincia autonoma di Trento, 2018, pp. 159–165, https://www.academia.edu/38170694/La_Chiesa_dei_principi._Le_relazioni_tra_Reichskirche_dinastie_sovrane_tedesche_e_stati_italiani_1688-1763_prefazione_di_Elisabeth_Garms-Cornides_Trento_Provincia_autonoma_di_Trento_2018
# Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase

The enzyme Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, or AIR carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.21) is involved in nucleotide biosynthesis and in particular in purine biosynthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole ("AIR") into 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ("CAIR") as described in the reaction:
    5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + CO$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole + 2 H$^+$

## In plants and fungi

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase is a fusion protein in plants and fungi, but consists of two non-interacting proteins in bacteria, PurK and PurE.
The crystal structure of PurE indicates a unique quaternary structure that confirms the octameric nature of the enzyme.

## In Escherichia coli

In the bacterium Escherichia coli the reaction is catalyzed in two steps carried out by two separate enzymes, PurK and PurE.
PurK, N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase, catalyzes the conversion of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide ("AIR"), ATP, and bicarbonate to N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide ("N5-CAIR"), ADP, and phosphate.
PurE, N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase, converts N5-CAIR to CAIR, the sixth step of de novo purine biosynthesis. In the presence of high concentrations of bicarbonate, PurE is reported able to convert AIR to CAIR directly and without ATP. Some members of this family contain two copies of this domain.
# Dongcha railway station

Dongcha railway station (simplified Chinese: 东岔站; traditional Chinese: 東岔站; pinyin: Dōngchà Zhàn) is a railway station on the Baoji–Lanzhou high-speed railway in Maiji District, Tianshui, Gansu. The station opened on 6 May 2019.
It is located 22 minutes along the line from Tianshui South railway station and 20 km by road from Dongcha town. Its location on a tall viaduct near Jinlongshan Scenic Area has led it to be nicknamed the 'most beautiful high speed rail station in China'.
# Phil, Kentucky

Phil is an unincorporated community in western Casey County, Kentucky, United States. Their post office is no longer in service. It was named by F. P. Combest, the community's first postmaster, for his favorite politician, U.S. Representative Phil Thompson.
# Philotheca obovalis

Philotheca obovalis is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a small shrub with broadly egg-shaped to heart-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and white flowers tinged with pink and arranged singly in leaf axils.

## Description

Philotheca obovalis is a shrub that grows to a height of 1 m (3 ft 3 in) with slightly hairy stems. The leaves are broadly egg-shaped to heart-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long, 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide and slightly warty on the lower surface. The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils on a pedicel 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long with six small bracteoles at the base. There are five round sepals about 1 mm (0.039 in) long and five elliptical white petals tinged with pink and about 6 mm (0.24 in) long. The ten stamens are about 3.5 mm (0.14 in) long and hairy. Flowering occurs in spring and the fruit is about 4.5 mm (0.18 in) long.

## Taxonomy

This philotheca was first formally described in 1825 by Allan Cunningham who gave it the name Eriostemon ovalis and published the description in the chapter On the Botany of the Blue Mountains in Barron Field's book Geographical Memoirs on New South Wales. Cunningham collected the type specimens on the "verge of the Regent's Glen, Blue Mountains". In 1998, Paul G. Wilson changed the name to Philotheca obovalis in the journal Nuysia.

## Distribution and habitat

Philotheca obovalis grows in heath on sandstone, mainly in the Blue Mountains of eastern New South Wales.
# Phoenix (classics journal)

Phoenix, originally The Phoenix, is one of two peer-reviewed journals of the Classical Association of Canada (the other is Mouseion), and the oldest classics journal published in Canada.
Phoenix is published as two double issues a year containing scholarly papers embodying original research in all areas of classical studies: the literature, language, history, philosophy, religion, mythology, science, archaeology, art, architecture, and culture of the Greek and Roman worlds from earliest times to about A.D. 600. The journal's editors also encourage submissions on other peoples of the ancient world in the context of their interactions with the Greeks and Romans, as well as papers on the reception of the ancient world and the history of Classical scholarship.

## History

The Phoenix was founded in 1946 as the first journal of classics in Canada, by the country's first organisation for the study of classics, the Ontario Classical Association. When the nationwide Classical Association of Canada was founded in 1947, the Ontario Classical Association transferred to it responsibility for The Phoenix.
# Phyllis Cox Berthoud

Phyllis Cox Berthoud (8 April 1887 - 1975) was an Anglo-Indian tennis player from Bengal, British India. She participated in the Indian Open tennis tournaments between 1918 and 1923. Her entry into a Grand Slam event in 1920 for the Wimbledon singles draw was the first for an Indian woman. She died in Warwick in 1975.
# Donnie Dee

Donnie Dee (born March 17, 1965) is an American former professional football tight end. He played for the Indianapolis Colts from 1988 to 1989 and for the Seattle Seahawks in 1989. He was selected by the Colts in the 11th round of the 1988 NFL draft.
# Pholiota majalis

Pholiota majalis is a species of agaric fungus in the family Strophariaceae. Found in Chile, it was described as new to science by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1969.
# Dorcadion mediterraneum

Dorcadion mediterraneum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1942.
# Douglas Binnie

Douglas Binnie (26 December 1890 – 20 April 1969) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in one first-class match for Wellington in 1921/22.
# Douglas Black (physician)

Sir Douglas Andrew Kilgour Black (29 May 1913 – 13 September 2002) was a Scottish physician and medical scientist who played a key role in the development of the National Health Service. He conducted research in the field of public health and was famous as the author of the Black Report. He was also known for the Black Formula, a translation of the Pignet formula to British measurements.
He was born in Delting Shetland in 1913, educated at Forfar Academy, and studied medicine at the Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, graduating with MB ChB in 1933.
He conducted research into water loss and dehydration, first at Oxford University, and then at the University of Manchester, where he became professor of medicine in 1959.
In 1974 he became the first chief scientist at the Department of Health and Social Security of the UK government. From 1977 to 1983 he was president of the Royal College of Physicians. He also served as the president of the British Medical Association and took an uncompromising stand against the apartheid regime in South Africa.
In the 1970s Black was asked by the Labour government of the UK to chair an expert committee to investigate health inequalities. The report produced by this committee, popularly known as "The Black Report" was published in 1980. Although unpopular with the then Conservative government, it has had a major impact on knowledge on the subject of health inequality since that time, and was published by Penguin Books as Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide in 1982.
Later, Black chaired the UK government investigation into childhood leukaemia around the nuclear reprocessing plant at Sellafield, Cumbria, England.
Black was created a Knight Bachelor in 1973, and a Knight of the Most Venerable Order of St John of Jerusalem in 1989.

## Interviews

Black, Douglas; Wolstenholme, Gordon (1987). "Sir Douglas Black in interview with Sir Gordon Wolstenholme". Oxford Brookes University. doi:10.24384/000149. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
# Phygopoda ingae

Phygopoda ingae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Penaherrera-Leiva and Tavakilian in 2004.
# Piana Canova PC.100

The Piana Canova PC.100 was a primary glider designed and built in Italy in the 1930s. It had many of the characteristics of these simple aircraft but differed greatly in using a wing of rhomboidal plan. Only one was built.

## Design and development

The PC.100 was designed as a primary glider and was intended as a Zögling replacement. Apart from its wing it was similar to the Zögling, with a single seat perched in the open on the upper edge of a fuselage beam. As with other primary gliders of the early 1930s, the beam was linked by three struts to the wing centre section and by a pair of single struts out to the wing at mid-chord and at about one third span. However, the PC.100 differed radically from its predecessors in its wing planform, which was rhomboidal. Indeed, the included angles were almost equal and the planform almost square, flying along a diagonal. A square wing of this form would have an aspect ratio of 2:1 and the PC.100's aspect ratio was very close to this. Low aspect ratio wings produce less lift than high aspect ones at the same angle of attack but can operate at higher angles before reaching the stall. The PC.100 stalled above 35°. Its wings were fabric covered.
Despite its unusual wing, control of the PC.100 involved the standard surfaces. Ailerons were mounted on the outboard wing trailing edges and a conventional one piece elevator was mounted on the cropped rear vertex. Aft of the first two beam to central wing struts the fuselage turned upwards, sloping towards the wing just ahead of the elevator hinge where it broadened into a short fin. This was continued above the wing as a triangular fin, carrying a rhomboidal rudder with its under edge sloped to allow upward elevator movement. Landing forces were absorbed by a short, strongly curved, rubber sprung skid, though a conventional undercarriage could be attached to the fuselage beam just aft of the pilot's seat.
On 21 September 1934 the PC.100 flew for the first time, piloted by Ettore Cattaneo, after a winch launch. It is claimed that its flight characteristics were superior to those of the Zögling.
The PC.100 was developed two years later into the PC.500, which used a wing of similar planform but mounted on a more robust fuselage pod with a wheeled undercarriage. He also designed a powered aircraft in 1935 with this planform.

## Specifications

Data from Pedrelli p.197
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 5.40 m (17 ft 9 in)
* Wingspan: 5.90 m (19 ft 4 in)
* Wing area: 17.80 m$^2$ (191.6 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 1.94
* Empty weight: 100 kg (220 lb)
* Gross weight: 175 kg (386 lb)
# Phyllonorycter esperella

Phyllonorycter esperella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from Sweden to the Pyrenees, Italy and Greece and from Great Britain to Ukraine.
The wingspan is 7–9 mm. Adults are on wing in May and August in two generations in western Europe.
The larvae feed on Carpinus betulus and Ostrya carpinifolia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Double Loop (Geauga Lake)

Double Loop was a steel roller coaster located at Geauga Lake amusement park in Bainbridge Township and Aurora, Ohio. Built by Arrow Dynamics, it opened in 1977 as the first roller coaster in the world to feature two consecutive vertical loops. The roller coaster operated until the park closed permanently in 2007, and it was later sold for scrap at an auction a year later.

## History

Riding on the heels of successful innovations like Corkscrew at Knott's Berry Farm, which in 1975 was the first modern looping roller coaster in the world, Utah-based Arrow Dynamics was hired by Geauga Lake amusement park to design and build another industry first. Simply entitled Double Loop, the new design would become the first roller coaster in the world to feature back-to-back vertical loops. It was introduced at the park in 1977 at a total cost of $1.35 million.
The ride featured a 90-foot-drop (27 m), a helix, 1,800 feet (550 m) of track, and two vertical loops with one measuring 55 feet (17 m) in height and the other measuring 50 feet (15 m). Double Loop would be followed by the park's very own Corkscrew roller coaster – one of fourteen identical installations eventually produced by Arrow – which opened the following year in 1978. Both gave Geauga Lake the title of becoming the first amusement park to feature multiple looping roller coasters.
Double Loop's support structure was originally painted white, but would later be painted dark to match the track. The attraction debuted with two trains, one red and the other yellow. In 1993, the coaster underwent refurbishment adding some modernization to the control system. The outdated relay and photo eye controls were replaced with newer proximity switches to help improve reliability and to reduce downtime. Following Geauga Lake's acquisition by Six Flags, Double Loop was given a makeover in 2000, with a new paint scheme featuring a yellow track and purple supports. The yellow train was repainted a darker shade of yellow, while the red train was converted to purple.

## Track layout

After exiting the station, the train made a 180-degree left-hand turn inside a tunnel and into the lift hill element. The train then descended at a 45-degree angle 90 feet (27 m), followed by an incline and another 180-degree turn to the left. It would then drop into two consecutive vertical loops, followed by a slight ascent into a 360-degree downward helix before returning to the station.

## Auction

Following Geauga Lake's permanent closure in 2007, Double Loop was sold at auction – along with other former park rides – on June 17, 2008. A local scrap company purchased it for $23,000, and the coaster was later demolished.
# Piano Man (Hilton Ruiz album)

Piano Man is the debut album led by pianist Hilton Ruiz recorded in 1975 and released on the Danish label, SteepleChase.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The AllMusic review by Michael G. Nastos called it "First-rate".

## Track listing

* "One for Hakim" (Hilton Ruiz) – 4:15
* "Misty Thursday" (Duke Jordan) – 11:12
* "Medi II" (Mary Lou Williams) – 4:30
* "Straight Street" (John Coltrane) – 3:57
* "Big Foot" (Charlie Parker) – 10:40
* "Arrival" (Ruiz) – 8:10
* "Giant Steps" (Coltrane) – 10:29 Additional track on CD

## Personnel

* Hilton Ruiz – piano
* Buster Williams – bass
* Billy Higgins – drums
# Phyllomedusa boliviana

Phyllomedusa boliviana is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil (west of Mato Grosso and Rondônia States). It has been observed between 200 and 1800 meters above sea level.
People have seen this frog on the dry slopes of the Andes Mountains, in forests and in the edges of forests. This frog has shown some tolerance to altered habitats, and it has been seen in human-made ponds, ditches, dams, and cows troughs.
The female frog builds a cone-shaped nest out of a leaf overhanging a temporary body of water.. She lays her eggs in the cone. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the water below.
Scientists say this frog is not in danger of extinction because of its large range, though there may be some localized threat from wood collection. Scientists think this might actually be more than one species.
# Pierceland (Turchyn Field) Aerodrome

Pierceland (Turchyn Field) Aerodrome (TC LID: CTF5) is located 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) west-southwest of Pierceland, Saskatchewan, Canada.
# Physical disability

A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living, such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy and sleep disorders.

## Causes

Prenatal disabilities are acquired before birth. These may be due to diseases or substances that the mother has been exposed to during pregnancy, embryonic or fetal developmental accidents or genetic disorders.
Perinatal disabilities are acquired between some weeks before to up to four weeks after birth in humans. These can be due to prolonged lack of oxygen or obstruction of the respiratory tract, damage to the brain during birth (due to the accidental misuse of forceps, for example) or the baby being born prematurely. These may also be caused due to genetic disorders or accidents.
Post-natal disabilities are gained after birth. They can be due to accidents, injuries, obesity, infection or other illnesses. These may also be caused due to genetic disorders.

## Types

Mobility impairment includes upper or lower limb loss or impairment, poor manual dexterity, and damage to one or multiple organs of the body. Disability in mobility can be a congenital or acquired problem or a consequence of disease. People who have a broken skeletal structure also fall into this category.
Visual impairment is another type of physical impairment. There are hundreds of thousands of people with minor to various serious vision injuries or impairments. These types of injuries can also result in severe problems or diseases such as blindness and ocular trauma. Some other types of vision impairment include scratched cornea, scratches on the sclera, diabetes-related eye conditions, dry eyes and corneal graft, macular degeneration in old age and retinal detachment.
Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear. Deaf and hard of hearing people have a rich culture and benefit from learning sign language for communication purposes. People who are only partially deaf can sometimes make use of hearing aids to improve their hearing ability. Speech and language disability: the person with deviations of speech and language processes which are outside the range of acceptable deviation within a given environment and which prevent full social or educational development
Physical impairment can also be attributed to disorders causing, among others, sleep deficiency, chronic fatigue, chronic pain, and seizures.
# Phytosaurus

Phytosaurus (meaning "plant lizard") is a dubious genus of extinct parasuchid phytosaur found in an outcrop of the Keuper (likely the Exter Formation) in Germany. Phytosaurus was the first phytosaur to be described, being done so by Georg Friedrich von Jaeger in 1828. The type species is P. cylindricodon and a second species, P. cubicodon, is also known.

## Discovery and naming

In 1826, the holotypes of both species were discovered in Wurttemburg, Germany at the "Neckar" site at the base of the hill which Wildenau Castle stands upon. The holotype of P. cylindricodon consists of parts of the skull and jaws, with natural casts of the teeth which, however, did not preserve their conical form but were flattened which led to the misunderstanding they were specialised in eating plant material, and the holotype of P. cubicodon consists of fragments of the jaw. Both species were named and described by von Jaeger (1828) and were first commented on by von Meyer (1837).
Many later authors, beginning with Owen (1841), have classified both species of Phytosaurus as nomen dubia due to the lack of known diagnostic material. Owen (1841) had Phytosaurus classified as a synonym of Mastodonsaurus, an unrelated amphibian, and later Labyrinthodon, a now obsolete taxon.
A partial phytosaur specimen found at the "UCMP V6333" locality of the Dockum Formation in Texas was initially referred to Phytosaurus sp., but has since been reclassified as an indeterminate mystriosuchine phytosaur.

## Description

P. cylindricodon appeared to have cylindrical teeth, while P. cubicodon appeared to have teeth that were square in shape. The conical teeth of the P. cylindricodon holotype appear to show evidence of grinding.
Phytosaurus likely grew up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) long and the skull of P. cylindricodon likely reached up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) when complete.

## Classification

Phytosaurus likely belonged to the Parasuchidae, a family of phytosaurs.
# Physocnemum

Physocnemum is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae. There are three described species in Physocnemum, found in North America.
* Physocnemum andreae (Haldeman, 1847)
* Physocnemum brevilineum (Say, 1824)
* Physocnemum violaceipenne Hamilton, 1896
# Physoclisti

Physoclisti are, collectively, fishes that lack a connection between the gas bladder and the alimentary canal, with the bladder serving only as a buoyancy organ.
Addition and removal of the gases from the gas bladder in such physoclistous fishes occurs through specialised structures called the gas gland and ovale respectively. The pneumatic duct that connects the gut and gas bladder is present in the embryos of these fish but it is lost during development. This anatomical state (the physoclistous condition) is believed to be evolutionarily derived from the ancestral physostomous state.
Some fishes, such as eels, are anatomically physostomous, but their gas bladders function similar to those of physoclists.