OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Berberis oiwakensis

Berberis oiwakensis is a species of plant in the barberry family, Berberidaceae. It is native to Taiwan, China (Guizhou, Hong Kong, Sichuan, Xizang (Tibet) and Yunnan) and Myanmar, where it occurs at elevations of 600 to 3800 m. It has recently been found naturalized in South Africa.

## Description

Berberis oiwakensis is a shrub or tree up to 7 m tall. Leaves are up to 45 cm long, compound with 12-20 pairs of leaflets plus a larger terminal one, dark green above, yellow-green below. The inflorescence is a fascicled raceme up to 25 cm long. The berries are egg-shaped, dark blue, sometimes almost black, up to 8 mm long.

## Taxonomy

Berberis oiwakensis was first scientifically described and named Mahonia oiwakensis by Bunzō Hayata in 1916. One year later Hisayoshi Takeda described a species that he named Mahonia lomariifolia. Under that name, it was considered to occur only in mainland China, while Mahonia oiwakensis was limited to Taiwan. Modern taxonomic sources unite the two as a single species with priority going to the first description. Because of differences between the Taiwanese and mainland Chinese plants, Julian Shaw described them as separate subspecies of Mahonia oiwakensis in 2011. However, this has not yet been accepted by the majority of botanists. In addition, there has been a longstanding disagreement on if Mahonia should be more properly classified as a synonym of Berberis. A paper was published by Joseph Edward Laferrière in 1997 summarized the arguments in favor of classification in Berberis and published a new name for the species, Berberis oiwakensis. As of 2023, this is the most widely accepted classification.

### Hybrids

Berberis oiwakensis is one parent of the important garden hybrid Berberis × hortensis, which includes popular cultivars such as 'Charity', 'Winter Sun' and 'Lionel Fortescue' (the other parent is Berberis japonica). It is also a parent of the cultivar 'Arthur Menzies', though with Berberis bealei as the other parent. In the wild in Taiwan, Berberis oiwakensis appears to hybridize with wild Berberis japonica.
Berberis oiwakensis subsp. lomariifolia has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# 2020 Summit League women's soccer tournament

The 2020 Summit League women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Summit League held on April 15 and 17, 2021. It was played in the spring of 2021 along with the conference season due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The three-match tournament took place at Caniglia Field in Omaha, Nebraska. The four-team single elimination tournament consisted of two rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. South Dakota State was the defending champion, and were unable to defend their title, losing to Omaha in the semifinal game in penalties. Denver won the championship game over Omaha, which was their fourth since entering the conference and also for coach Jeff Hooker. Denver has now won or participated in the championship game in the last four tournaments.

## Seeding and Standings

The top four of the nine teams competing during the regular season qualified for the 2020 tournament. Seeding was based on regular season conference records. No tiebreakers were required as the top four teams each finished with unique conference records.
| Seed | School | Conference Record | Points |
| 1 | Denver | 14–1–1 | 43 |
| 2 | South Dakota State | 12–0–4 | 40 |
| 3 | Omaha | 8–4–4 | 28 |
| 4 | South Dakota | 9–6–1 | 28 |
| 5 | North Dakota State | 7–8–1 | 22 |
| 6 | North Dakota | 5–9–0 | 15 |
| 7 | Kansas City | 4–11–1 | 13 |
| 8 | Oral Roberts | 2–11–1 | 7 |
| 9 | Western Illinois | 2–13–1 | 7 |
Reference:
* North Dakota State, North Dakota, Kansas City, Oral Roberts, and Western Illinois did not participate in the tournament.

## Bracket

Reference:
| Semifinals Thursday, April 15 | Semifinals Thursday, April 15 | Semifinals Thursday, April 15 | Finals Friday, April 17 | Finals Friday, April 17 | Finals Friday, April 17 |
| 1 | Denver | 2 | | | |
| 4 | South Dakota | 0 | | | |
| 4 | South Dakota | 0 | 1 | Denver | 3 |
| | | | 3 | Omaha | 0 |
| 2 | South Dakota State | 0 (1) | 3 | Omaha | 0 |
| 3 | Omaha (pen.) | 0 (3) | | | |

## Statistics
### Goalscorers

There were 5 goals scored in 3 matches, for an average of 1 goal per match. 2 goals
* Kaitlyn Glover
* Sydney Sharp
1 goal
* Sami Feller

## All-Tournament team

Reference:
| Player | Team |
| Kaitlyn Glover | Denver |
| Natalie Beckman | Denver |
| Nerea Arrazola | Denver |
| Sydney Sharp | Denver |
| Sami Feller | Denver |
| Grace Ostergaard | Omaha |
| Emilie Erland | Omaha |
| Grace Thede | Omaha |
| Rachel Hewitt | South Dakota State |
| Adelaide Kline | South Dakota State |
| Teresa Fontenot | South Dakota |
| Abby Ostrem | South Dakota |
MVP in bold
# 2020 Summit League women's basketball tournament

The 2020 Summit League women's basketball tournament was a post-season women's basketball tournament for The Summit League. The tournament took place March 7–10, 2020, at the Denny Sanford Premier Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The top eight teams in the final standings qualified for the tournament. South Dakota won the tournament and earned an automatic bid to the 2020 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament.

## Seeds

The top eight teams by conference record in the Summit League are eligible to compete in the conference tournament. Teams are to be seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records.
| Seed | School | Conference Record | Tiebreaker |
| 1 | South Dakota | 16–0 | |
| 2 | South Dakota State | 13–3 | |
| 3 | Denver | 9–7 | 1–1 vs. SDSU |
| 4 | Oral Roberts | 9–7 | 0–2 vs. SDSU, 2–0 vs. ND |
| 5 | Western Illinois | 9–7 | 0–2 vs. SDSU, 1–1 vs. ND |
| 6 | North Dakota State | 7–9 | |
| 7 | North Dakota | 6–10 | |
| 8 | Omaha | 2–14 | |

## Schedule and results

| Game | Time | Matchup | Score | Television |
| Quarterfinals – Saturday, March 7 |||||
| 1 | 12:00 pm | #1 South Dakota vs. #8 Omaha | 99–40 | MidcosSN/ ESPN+ |
| 2 | 2:30 pm | #2 South Dakota State vs. #7 North Dakota | 72–43 | MidcosSN/ ESPN+ |
| Quarterfinals – Sunday, March 8 |||||
| 3 | 12:00 pm | #4 Oral Roberts vs. #5 Western Illinois | 74–66 | MidcosSN/ ESPN+ |
| 4 | 2:00 pm | #3 Denver vs. #6 North Dakota State | 72–68 | MidcosSN/ ESPN+ |
| Semifinals – Monday, March 9 |||||
| 5 | 12:00 pm | #1 South Dakota vs. #4 Oral Roberts | 65–43 | MidcosSN/ ESPN+ |
| 6 | 2:30 pm | #2 South Dakota State vs. #6 North Dakota State | 76–56 | MidcosSN/ ESPN+ |
| Final – Tuesday, March 10 |||||
| 7 | 1:00 pm | #1 South Dakota vs. #2 South Dakota State | 63–58 | ESPNU |
| *Game times in CST. Rankings denote tournament seed |||||

## Bracket

| Quarterfinals March 7 & 8 MidcoSN/ESPN+ | Quarterfinals March 7 & 8 MidcoSN/ESPN+ | Quarterfinals March 7 & 8 MidcoSN/ESPN+ | Semifinals March 9 MidcoSN/ESPN+ | Semifinals March 9 MidcoSN/ESPN+ | Semifinals March 9 MidcoSN/ESPN+ | Championship March 10 ESPNU | Championship March 10 ESPNU | Championship March 10 ESPNU |
| 1 | South Dakota | 99 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Omaha | 40 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Omaha | 40 | 1 | South Dakota | 65 | | | |
| | | | 4 | Oral Roberts | 43 | | | |
| 4 | Oral Roberts | 74 | 4 | Oral Roberts | 43 | | | |
| 5 | Western Illinois | 66 | | | | | | |
| 5 | Western Illinois | 66 | | | | 1 | South Dakota | 63 |
| | | | | | | 2 | South Dakota State | 58 |
| 2 | South Dakota State | 72 | | | | | | | 2 | South Dakota State | 58 |
| 7 | North Dakota | 43 | | | | | | |
| 7 | North Dakota | 43 | 2 | South Dakota State | 76 | | | |
| | | | 6 | North Dakota State | 56 | | | |
| 3 | Denver | 68 | 6 | North Dakota State | 56 | | | |
| 6 | North Dakota State | 72 | | | | | | |
# 2020 Sun Belt Conference women's soccer tournament

The 2020 Sun Belt women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Sun Belt Conference. The tournament was contested over four days between November 2–8 at the Foley Sports Tourism Complex in Foley, Alabama. The South Alabama Jaguars successfully defended their title, defeating Arkansas State in the final, 2–1, to win their seventh Sun Belt tournament championship in the last eight years.

## Teams

East Division :
| Seed | School | Record (Conf.) |
| 1 | South Alabama Jaguars | 10–3–1 (8–2–0) |
| 2 | Georgia State Panthers | 10–3–2 (6–2–2) |
| 3 | Coastal Carolina Chanticleers | 6–5–0 (6–4–0) |
| 4 | Appalachian State Mountaineers | 5–9–1 (4–6–0) |
| 5 | Georgia Southern Eagles | 3–10–1 (3–6–1) |
| 6 | Troy Trojans | 2–9–1 (1–8–1) |
West Division :
| Seed | School | Record (Conf.) |
| 1 | Arkansas State Red Wolves | 10–2–1 (7–0–1) |
| 2 | Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns | 9–5–1 (4–3–1) |
| 3 | Texas State Bobcats | 4–9–1 (4–4–0) |
| 4 | Little Rock Trojans | 4–5–3 (3–3–2) |
| 5 | Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks | 0–10–0 (0–8–0) |

## Bracket

| First round Monday, November 2 | First round Monday, November 2 | First round Monday, November 2 | Quarterfinals Wednesday, November 4 | Quarterfinals Wednesday, November 4 | Quarterfinals Wednesday, November 4 | Semifinals Friday, November 6 | Semifinals Friday, November 6 | Semifinals Friday, November 6 | Championship Sunday, November 8 | Championship Sunday, November 8 | Championship Sunday, November 8 |
| | | | 1E | South Alabama | 2 (4) | | | | | | |
| 5E | Georgia Southern | 1 | 4W | Little Rock | 2 (3) | | | | | | |
| 4W | Little Rock | 2 | | | | 1E | South Alabama | 4 | | | |
| | | | | | | 2W | Louisiana | 1 | | | |
| | | | 3E | Coastal Carolina | 0 | | | | | | |
| | | | 2W | Louisiana | 3 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | 1E | South Alabama | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | 1W | Arkansas State | 1 |
| | | | 1W | Arkansas State | 1 | | | | | | |
| 4E | Appalachian State | 2** | 4E | Appalachian State | 0 | | | | | | |
| 5W | Louisiana–Monroe | 1 | | | | 1W | Arkansas State | 1 | | | |
| | | | | | | 2E | Georgia State | 0 | | | |
| | | | 2E | Georgia State | 6 | | | | | | |
| 3W | Texas State | 0 | 6E | Troy | 1 | | | | | | |
| 6E | Troy | 1* | | | | | | | | | |

## Match summaries

All matches were played at Foley Sports Tourism Complex in Foley, Alabama. All times are Central.
# 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group D

Group D of the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament was one of the twelve groups that decided the teams which qualified for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations finals tournament. The group consisted of four teams: DR Congo, Gabon, Angola and Gambia (winners of the preliminary round).
The teams played against each other in home-and-away round-robin format, originally scheduled between November 2019 and September 2020.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all matches of matchdays 3 and 4 scheduled for March 2020 were postponed until further notice. FIFA recommended that all June 2020 international matches (matchday 5) be postponed, and also postponed the September 2020 window (matchday 6) for CAF.
On 30 June 2020, the CAF announced the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations final tournament had been postponed from January 2021 to January 2022, without announcing the new dates of the remaining qualifiers. On 19 August 2020, the CAF announced the new dates of the remaining qualifiers, with matchdays 3 and 4 rescheduled to be played between 9–17 November 2020, and matchdays 5 and 6 rescheduled to be played between 22 and 30 March 2021.
Gambia and Gabon, the group winners and runners-up respectively, qualified for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.

## Standings

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | | | | |
| 1 | Gambia | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 7 | +2 | 10 | Final tournament | — | 2–1 | 2–2 | 1–0 |
| 2 | Gabon | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 6 | +2 | 10 | Final tournament | 2–1 | — | 3–0 | 2–1 |
| 3 | DR Congo | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | −1 | 9 | | 1–0 | 0–0 | — | 0–0 |
| 4 | Angola | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 7 | −3 | 4 | | 1–3 | 2–0 | 0–1 | — |
* 1 2 Tied on head-to-head points (3), on head-to-head goal difference (0), on head-to-head goals scored (3), on head-to-head away goals scored (1) and on overall goal difference (+2). Overall goals scored: Gambia 9, Gabon 8.

## Goalscorers

There were 25 goals scored in 12 matches, for an average of 2.08 goals per match.
3 goals
* Denis Bouanga
* Assan Ceesay
2 goals
* Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang
* Aaron Boupendza
* Bubacarr Jobe
1 goal
* Loide Augusto
* Wilson Eduardo
* Show
* Yano
* Cédric Bakambu
* Kazadi Kasengu
* Neeskens Kebano
* Jackson Muleka
* Bruno Ecuele Manga
* Modou Barrow
* Musa Barrow
* Pa Modou Jagne
* Sulayman Marreh
# Berendrecht

Berendrecht (Dutch pronunciation: ) is a neighbourhood and former village in Antwerp province in Belgium. Its name means "dike of the bear", according to the area's dialect, or "dike of a man called Bear", or "passage by the marsh". But drecht or tricht means "ferry" or "crossing" (from Latin trajectus), and ber or bere in Indo-European means "dam", "defence against water" (compare Slavic East Germany): the resulting meaning is "river crossing at a dam".
The Berendrecht Lock is the world's largest lock, giving entrance to the Port of Antwerp.

## History

Berendrecht is an old parish which was already referred to in 1184 and in 1212 as a property of Godfried van Schoten, lord of Breda. The history of Berendrecht will always remain closely linked with the fight against water. For many years dike builders has fought with primitive resources to protect the inhabitants against the violence of water. The village was overflowed repeatedly and devastated partially, among other things during the 13th, 14th, 16th and 17th century. In 1328 Berendrecht was devoured by water, and was moved to higher land which was ceded by the municipality Zandvliet. The village was flooded again in February 1953, hopefully for the last time. The village suffered much from foreign armies and lay often in the direct line of fire during the fight between the northern Netherlands and the Spaniards. Both of these warring parties frequently used the tactic of strategic flooding to attack Fort Lillo, and the fort De Frederik which in the meantime disappeared, and the reinforced blockhouse Zandvliet to force dispossession. The population was subject to the always changing warring parties for foreign armies. In the 15th centuries the Monnikenhof was founded, a dwelling with courtyards and ponds, splendid for that time. It belonged to the abbots and lords of the Sint-Michielsabdij of Antwerp. The Monnikenhof was located at the current district of Viswater. In 1958, Berendrecht and Zandvliet and Lillo were joined at Antwerp and the polder landscape was mainly expropriated for the port extension.
# Benjamin Dawkins

Benjamin Dawkins may refer to:
* Ben Dawkins, Australian politician of the Western Australian Legislative Council
* Benjamin C. Dawkins Sr. (1881–1966), U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Louisiana, 5th Circuit, appointed by Woodrow Wilson
* Benjamin C. Dawkins Jr. (1911–1984), son of the above, and successor to the seat of U.S. District Judge, same district, appointed by President Calvin Coolidge
* Benjamin Dawkins, British person in the late 18th Century, who purchased Sadler's Mill from Henry Temple, 1st Viscount Palmerston
# Bergaris lutescens

Bergaris lutescens is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Malaysia, Myanmar and on Borneo. The habitat consists of lowland forests, including dry heath forests.

## Subspecies

* Bergaris lutescens lutescens
* Bergaris lutescens griseola (Roepke, 1957) Malaysia
# Bergasillas Bajera

Bergasillas Bajera is a village in the province and autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 9.70 square kilometres (3.75 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 35 people.
# Bergaris halim

Bergaris halim is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found on Sulawesi in Indonesia.
# Bergaris jacobsoni

Bergaris jacobsoni is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found on the Southeast Asian islands of Sumatra and Borneo.
# Benny and Babloo

Benny and Babloo is a 2010 Bollywood satirical comedy film, produced by Umesh Chouhan and directed by noted screenwriter Yunus Sajawal. The film was released in October 2010 under the Chamunda Films banner. The film stars Kay Kay Menon, Rajpal Yadav, Riya Sen, Shweta Tiwari, Rukhsar Rehman, Anita Hassanandani, Richa Chadda, Maushumi Udeshi, Hiten Paintal and Aasif Sheikh in prominent roles.

## Plot

Smitten by the glamor of Mumbai, two friends, Benny and Babloo, land up in distinctly different jobs: Benny as the bellboy of a five-star hotel, and Babloo as a waiter in a ladies' service bar.
Benny believes his job is better than Babloo's and repeatedly ridicules him. Benny's pride fades away as they both realize that, although their jobs may look different viewed from the outside, they're quite similar seen from the inside.
Benny witnesses several criminal activities at the hotel, from drug abuse to political scandals, while Babloo sees the human side of the ladies' bar. In the end, the truth stares them in the face: five-star hotels are the moral juniors to ladies' bars.

## Cast

* Shweta Tiwari as Sheena
* Kay Kay Menon as Benny Kutti
* Rajpal Yadav as Babloo Charan Lathi
* Aasif Sheikh as Negi
* Riya Sen as Riya
* Kishori Shahane as Mrs. Tejwani
* Hussain Sheikh as Raju - Bar Owner
* Hiten Paintal as Ronnie
* Rukhsar Rehman as Hema / Parveen
* Anita Hassanandani as Esha / Sarita
* Kiran Janjani as Ranveer
* Richa Chadha as Fedora / Marina
* Anangsha Biswas as Sony / Akruti
* Anant Jog as Ratnath Gaikwad
* Maushmi Udeshi as Dancer
* Ravi Pandey as DJ Roger

## Music

* "Jabse Dil Diya Hai" - Himani Kapoor, Sukhwinder Singh
* "Dolly" - Kalpana Patowary, Master Saleem

## Reception

Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave the film 2 out of 5, writing, "BENNY AND BABLOO may not be path breaking or innovative as such, but it keeps you hooked in most parts, especially the finale." Renuka Rao of Daily News and Analysis wrote, "All in all, the film is an average attempt at highlighting a well-known social issue. It is not good enough to charm you."
# Mansonia

Mansonia is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to:
* Mansonia (fly), a genus of insects in the family Culicidae
* Mansonia (plant), a genus of plants in the family Malvaceae
# Mann Egerton Type H

The Mann Egerton Type H, also known as the Mann Egerton H.2, was a British ship-borne fighter aircraft of the 1910s.

## Development

The Type H was the first original design by Mann Egerton, and was designed by J W Carr to Air Ministry specification N.1a in 1916. Its 2-bay biplane wings could be folded manually (a feature first introduced in 1913 on the Short Folder), due to its intended use as a naval fighter. Other features were the use of flotation chambers and a float attached to the underside of the fuselage for extra buoyancy. An innovation was that the undercarriage could be jettisoned if the aircraft needed to land on water. However, in autumn 1917, the aircraft failed flotation tests, and a new aircraft prototype, the Type H Mk I with single bay wings was drawn up.
The Mark II version had inflatable flotation bags in place of the large float on the Mk I, a more conventional undercarriage and a horn-balanced rudder. This aircraft was tested in December 1917, however it was deemed as unfit for use in the Fleet Air Arm and further development was discontinued.

## Specifications (Type H Mk II)

Data from British Aeroplanes 1914–18
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 21 ft 11 in (6.68 m)
* Wingspan: 30 ft 9 in (9.37 m)
* Height: 8 ft 11.5 in (2.73 m)
* Wing area: 310 sq ft (28.80 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 1,760 lb (798 kg)
* Gross weight: 2,326 lb (1,055 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza 8Bd eight-cylinder water-cooled engine , 200 hp (149 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 113 mph (182 km/h, 98 kn)
* Endurance: 3 hours 15 minutes
* Service ceiling: 16,800 ft (5,120 m)
* Rate of climb: 1,013 ft/min (5.1 m/s)
Armament
* 1 x .303 Vickers gun mounted to port on the fuselage
* 1 x .303 Lewis gun mounted above the wing centre section
# Bergslien

Bergslien is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Brynjulf Bergslien (1830–1898), Norwegian sculptor, brother of Knud
* Knud Bergslien (1827–1908), Norwegian painter, art teacher, and master artist
* Nils Bergslien (1853–1928), Norwegian illustrator, painter, and sculptor
# 2015 DR215

2015 DR$_{215}$ is a stony near-Earth asteroid of the Atira class residing within Earth's orbit. It was discovered on 18 February 2015 by the Pan-STARRS 1 survey at Haleakalā Observatory at Maui, Hawaiʻi. The asteroid has a diameter of about 200 m (660 ft) and makes close approaches within 0.05 AU (7.5 million km; 4.6 million mi) of Earth, making it a potentially hazardous object. On 11 March 2022, it made a close approach 0.045 AU (6.7 million km; 4.2 million mi) from Earth, reaching a peak apparent magnitude of 17 as it streaked across the southern sky.

## Discovery

2015 DR$_{215}$ was discovered on 18 February 2015 by the Pan-STARRS 1 survey at Haleakalā Observatory at Maui, Hawaiʻi. It was first observed at apparent magnitude 20.7, located in the southern sky 28 degrees below the ecliptic with an angular separation (solar elongation) of 76 degrees from the Sun. Follow-up observations from the Mauna Kea Observatory and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory commenced, establishing an observation arc of 12 days until its discovery announcement by the Minor Planet Center on 2 March 2015.
On 5 March 2016, 2015 DR$_{215}$ was recovered by the ESA Optical Ground Station at apparent magnitude 19, at solar elongations below 56 degrees. It was observed to be about 0.5 degrees away from its predicted positions in March 2016. The recovery observations significantly reduced the asteroid's orbital uncertainty, bringing its uncertainty parameter down from 9 to 3.
As of 2022, 2015 DR$_{215}$ has been observed for over 7 years, with a well-determined orbit at an uncertainty parameter of 0.

## Classification

2015 DR$_{215}$ is one of a small number of Atira class asteroids that are orbiting entirely within the Earth's orbit. The taxonomic class of 2015 DR$_{215}$ in the Bus–DeMeo scheme is Sr, indicating a stony composition.

## Numbering and naming

As of 2023, this minor planet has neither been numbered nor named by the Minor Planet Center.
# Berkeley body

Berkeley bodies are organelles unique to the yeast cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a secretory mutation in the genes sec7 and sec14. The function of the organelle lies in the CTV (cytoplasm to vacuole targeting) pathway, which is a transport pathway for certain vacuolar hydrolases to be degenerated. The Berkeley body acts as the transport medium from the cytoplasm to the vacuole within this pathway. Studies have shown that Berkeley bodies share structural similarities with autophagosomes, which are involved in autophagy.
The organelle consists of two enclosed membranes forming an enclosed lumen, which contains cytoplasm. It is formed by vesicles budding off the Golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum. They were discovered in 1980 by Peter Novick and Randy Schekman, of the Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley.
# Manifold Heights, Victoria

Manifold Heights is a residential suburb of Geelong. At the 2016 census, Manifold Heights had a population of 2,649.
It was named after Manifolds’ vineyards, that existed between Minerva Road and Shannon Avenue, immediately east of the Geelong Western Cemetery in Herne Hill. The vineyards were owned by the prominent Western District pastoralists, John and Peter Manifold.
The Post Office opened on 25 March 1929, but has always been known as Manifold.
Holy Spirit Church, located in Bostock Avenue, is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.