OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dunsmore, Buckinghamshire

Dunsmore is a hamlet in the parish of Ellesborough, in Buckinghamshire, England. It occupies a hilltop position in the Chiltern Hills about 2 miles south of Wendover. Access is by two steep, single-track hillside lanes.
The place name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means literally Dunna's moor.
Much of the surrounding land is owned by the National Trust and is heavily wooded with beech trees, and bracken. Due to its elevation the village is occasionally cut off by treacherous road conditions during harsh winters.
Central features of the hamlet are the village pond, the village hall and the Church of the Resurrection, Dunsmore. In the past the village supported a shop and two public houses, The Fox and The Black Horse, but these have now closed and been converted into residential dwellings.
Dunsmore is close by to Chequers, the country retreat for the serving Prime Minister, and the local Second Boer War memorial on Coombe Hill, Buckinghamshire. The memorial stands above Wendover in the Aylesbury Vale. There are many good, rural walks nearby.
* The village pond at Dunsmore.
* The smoke plume from the 2005 Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire as seen from Dunsmore, Buckinghamshire, about 14 miles (23 km) away.
# Dunsford (disambiguation)

Dunsford is a village in Devon, England.
Dunsford may also refer to:
* Dunsford (surname), an English surname
* Dunsford Aerodrome, an airport in Ontario, Canada
* Dunsford Halt railway station, a disused railway station in Devon, England
* Dunsford, a community in Verulam Township, Ontario, Canada
# Dumarkunda

Dumarkunda is a census town in Nirsa CD block in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the state of Jharkhand, India.

## Geography
### Location

Dumarkunda is located at 23°43′N 86°47′E﻿ / ﻿23.72°N 86.79°E﻿ / 23.72; 86.79.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Overview

The region shown in the map is a part of the undulating uplands bustling with coalmines. While the Damodar flows along the southern boundary, the Barakar flows along the eastern boundary. Both the rivers form the boundary with West Bengal. Panchet Dam and Maithon Dam, along with their reservoirs, are prominently visible in the map. The entire area is covered in Nirsa (community development block). In Nirsa CD block 69% of the population live in rural areas and 31% live in urban areas. The official website of the district has announced the formation of two new CD blocks – Egarkund and Kaliasole, possibly carved out of Nirsa CD block. As of July 2019, there is no further information about the new CD blocks. BCCL operates Chanch/ Victoria Area partially within the region shown in the map. ECL operates Mugma Area fully within the region shown in the map.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Dumarkunda had a total population of 11,434 of which 5,970 (52%) were males and 5,464 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,574. The total number of literates in Dumarkunda was 6,401 (64.92% of the population over 6 years).
As of 2001 India census, Dumarkunda had a population of 10,980. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dumarkunda has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63% and, female literacy is 39%. In Dumarkunda, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Infrastructure

Dumarkunda has an area of 6.003 km$^2$. It is 43 km from the district headquarters Dhanbad. There is a railway station at Kumardubi 3 km away. Buses are available in Kumardubi. It has 7 km roads and has both covered and open drains. The two major sources of protected water supply are tap water from treated sources and hand pumps. There are 2,030 domestic electric connections and 5 road light points. Amongst the medical facilities, it has 1 hospital with 35 beds. Amongst the educational facilities, it has 2 primary schools and 2 middle schools. Secondary school and senior secondary school are there at Chirkunda 4 km away and general degree college is there at Maithon 10 km away. It has the branch office of 1 nationalised bank. It is a centre of the fire bricks industry.
# Plateau Mountain

Plateau Mountain may refer to:
* Plateau Mountain (Alberta), in the Livingstone Range, Canada
* Plateau Mountain (New York), United States
# Duggan–Schwartz theorem

The Duggan–Schwartz theorem (named after John Duggan and Thomas Schwartz) is a result about voting systems designed to choose a nonempty set of winners from the preferences of certain individuals, where each individual ranks all candidates in order of preference. It states that for three or more candidates, at least one of the following must hold:
* The system is not anonymous (some voters are treated differently from others).
* The system is imposed (some candidates can never win).
* Every voter's top preference is in the set of winners.
* The system can be manipulated by either an optimistic voter, one who can cast a ballot that would elect some candidate to a higher rank than all of those candidates who would have been elected if that voter had voted honestly; or by a pessimistic voter, one who can cast a ballot that would exclude some candidate to a lower rank than all of those candidates who were elected due that voter voting strategically.
The first two conditions are considered forbidden in any fair election, and the third condition requires many candidates to "tie" for the win. The general conclusion, then, is the same as that usually given to the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem: voting systems can be manipulated. The result essentially holds even if ties are allowed in the ballots; in that case, there exists at least one "weak dictator" such that at least one of the candidates tied at the top of that voter's ballot is a winner.
The Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem is a similar theorem that deals with voting systems that elect a single winner. Likewise, Arrow's impossibility theorem deals with voting systems that yield a complete preference order of the candidates, rather than choosing only winners.
# Plectoptera poeyi

Plectoptera poeyi, commonly known as the Florida beetle roach or Florida beetle cockroach, is a species of cockroach in the family Ectobiidae. It is found in North America, and the Caribbean.
# Dwangwa River

The Dwangwa River is a river in Malawi, which flows into Lake Malawi. Its source is in the Kasungu National Park, in Malawi's central plateau. It flows north-easterly from this plateau through an ancient valley. The river's mouth flows out of a more recently cut gorge, into the lake. It also flows through the Bana Swamp. Its length is approximately 100 miles (160 km).
The river is used both for irrigation and the generation of hydroelectric power. It is a fishing river, with prawns found in the river.
# Piya Sorcar

Piya Sorcar (born 1977) is an American social entrepreneur and researcher. She is the founder and CEO of TeachAids, and a lecturer at Stanford University.

## Background

Sorcar was born in Colorado, the eldest daughter of artist and engineer Manick Sorcar and Shikha Sorcar, and the granddaughter of the pre-eminent magician P. C. Sorcar and Basanti Devi. As a child actor, she was nominated for a regional Emmy Award for her performance in the short film Deepa & Rupa: A Fairy Tale from India, directed by her father, which went on to win at the Chicago International Film Festival.

## Career

She began the development of TeachAids at Stanford University, where it was the focus of her doctoral research. In 2009, she founded it as a nonprofit partnered with the university, working with a team of interdisciplinary experts for five years. Her research efforts developed a new approach to large-scale public HIV education which overcame taboos to vastly improve learning and usage rates.
The approach Sorcar created included combining 2D cartoon images (balancing clarity with comfort), a research-based translation and back-translation process, mnemonic devices, and voices of regionally-specific cultural icons, among other inventions.
She has led TeachAids to produce many versions of its interactive HIV prevention software, which are now used in more than 80 countries. Her work has included directing Bollywood actors Amitabh Bachchan, Shabana Azmi, Shruti Haasan, and Nagarjuna.
In 2018, she led the creation of a second TeachAids initiative for concussion education called CrashCourse, using a new pedagogical approach based on virtual reality, and supported by Steve Young, Dick Gould, Jim Plunkett, Katie Ledecky, and other prominent sports figures. The initiative partnered with 23 United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee Sports Governing Bodies. Demonstrating high efficacy levels through research conducted at Harvard University and Stanford, CrashCourse was used globally, particularly in Canada, Great Britain, and the United States.
In 2011, MIT Technology Review named Sorcar to their TR35 list of the top 35 most innovative people in the world under 35. In 2012, she and TeachAids were named one of twelve global laureates of The Tech Awards. In 2022, she received the Public Service Award from the Association of Academic Physiatrists, joining past winners such as Christopher Reeve.
# Piya Tu Ab To Aja

"Piya Tu Ab To Aja" (transl. 'Come to me now, my love') is a song from the 1971 Hindi film Caravan. It is considered the quintessential cabaret item number by the actress Helen. The song was sung by Asha Bhosle and R.D. Burman. It was composed by R. D. Burman with lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri. Music scholar Nilanjana Bhattacharjya identified "Piya Tu Ab To Aja" as one of the culturally important Hindi film songs. The song has also been called "the catalyst" that made "Asha [Bhosle] the queen of cabaret numbers".

## Music video

The song was performed by Helen, who is known for doing item numbers in Bollywood films of the 1960s and 1970s. It is a highly suggestive song with Asha Bhosle breathing quickly at intervals, giving it an orgasmic sound. In the film, Helen performs the provocative dance in front of a large audience, including Sunita (played by actress Asha Parekh) who has just discovered that Monica (Helen) and her husband are having an affair. The picturisation is typical of the item numbers of the era portraying a "vamp" character who dances seductively for a nightclub audience.

## Remakes

The song was later released as part of the video Raat Ki Rani (1987), a compilation of Helen's different cabaret numbers. Asha Bhosle recorded a new version in 2003 for the Kronos Quartet album You've Stolen My Heart: Songs from R.D. Burman's Bollywood. It also appears on the compilation album The Very Best of Asha Bhosle, The Queen of Bollywood. Composer Lesle Lewis released a remix of the song on his 2003 album Special Appointment Club Hits while R.P. Patnaik produced a Telugu version for the 2008 film Swagatam. Pritam also sampled it for his song "Parda" on the Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai soundtrack. "Piya Tu Ab to Aja" is also a frequent choice of television performers. In 2008, actress Amrita Arora danced to the song on the reality programme Chhote Ustaad. Amrita Moitra, a contestant on Zee TV's Dance India Dance, performed a mujra version of the song during the second season. The number is referenced briefly during the song "Dhoom Tanaa" from Om Shanti Om when Deepika Padukone, dressed in a gold bikini ensemble, dances in a cage.

## Awards

* Asha Bhosle - 1972 Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer for "Piya Tu Ab To Aja"
# Pleasant Vale Township, Pike County, Illinois

Pleasant Vale Township is located in Pike County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 573 and it contained 286 housing units. The town of New Canton is in this township.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 38.98 square miles (101.0 km$^2$), of which 38.97 square miles (100.9 km$^2$) (or 99.97%) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km$^2$) (or 0.03%) is water.
# Dwarf shrew

The dwarf shrew (Sorex nanus) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae endemic to Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming in the United States. The type locality is Estes Park (Larimer County), Colorado, USA.

## Description

As described by its common name, the dwarf shrew is a very small species of shrew, usually weighing 1.8 to 3.2 g. It changes its pelage (fur) based on the season to aid in hiding from predators. In summer, the pelage is brown to olive brown on the dorsal side. This color extends down the side and merges with the smoke gray fur on its stomach. The tail is bicolored, a mixture of dark fur on top and beige fur underneath. During the winter, its pelage turns lighter and grayer, especially on its back, again to blend into the surroundings.

## Phylogeny

The phylogeny of the dwarf shrew is very controversial. Given the sheer number of species in the genus Sorex, they are difficult to tell apart. A phylogeny is proposed, and widely accepted now, in which S. vagrans gave rise to S. nanus along with S. longirostris and S. ornatus. This same theory provides evidence that S. nanus and S. tenellus diverged more recently than their relatives because they are morphologically indistinguishable from each other except for very small size differences.

## Distribution and habitat

The dwarf shrew lives primarily in mountain habitats, although it descends as low as 1400 to 1500 m in mountain ranges, the foothills of the Great Basin ranges and the Rocky Mountains. The ecological distribution of dwarf shrews is not fully known. They have mostly been reported from rocky habitats in the alpine tundra and subalpine coniferous forests. The dwarf shrew does not seem to be more tolerant of dry situations than its other shrew relatives. Dwarf shrews are also found in dry brushy slopes in Colorado around 1,670 m, in sagebrush-grassland in Montana at 1,036-1,128 m, and even at 750 m in Black Hills, South Dakota. This further adds to the mystery of their distribution. Dwarf shrew fossils have been found in late Pleistocene deposits in Hermit’s Cave, New Mexico, and Moonshiner and Middle Butte caves in Idaho.
In the past, mammalogists considered the dwarf shrew to be a rare species. From 1895 to 1966, only 18 sightings of the dwarf shrew were reported, but a study on a frog in 1966 led to the capture of 24 dwarf shrews using pitfall traps. Another reason that they were thought to be a rare species is that they have a very fragmented distribution throughout southwestern North America, and they are easily confused with their closely related shrew family.
# Dwarf slit-faced bat

The dwarf slit-faced bat (Nycteris nana) is a species of slit-faced bat living in forest and savanna regions of Central Africa. Two subspecies have been identified: N. n. nana and N. n. tristis.
The bat's range goes from Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana in the west, to Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, from Rwanda and Burundi to Uganda and western Kenya, and to the south it ranges as far south as northern Angola. It is generally a lowland species. Its habitat has been recorded from both dry and moist lowland forest, gallery forest, and moist savanna. It has been found roosting in standing trees in small family groups.
# Dwarf shore eel

The dwarf shore eel (Alabes hoesei) is a species of clingfish from the family Gobiesocidae.It is a small species which attains a maximum total length of 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in). This species is transparent and its internal organs are clearly visible through its skin. It occurs at depths of 0 to 5 metres (0 to 16 ft) within beds of seagrass and sometimes in nearby reefs. It is endemic to southern Australia where its range extends from near Sydney in New South Wales to Houtman Abrolhos in Western Australia, including the northern and eastern coasta of Tasmania. This species was described by Victor G. Springer and Thomas H. Fraser in 1976 and the specific name honours the ichthyologist Douglass F. Hoese of the Australian Museum who provided Springer and Fraser with much of the material they used in their description.
# Plekhanov

Plekhanov is the name of:
* Dmitri Plekhanov, called Kuretnikov (1642– around the turn of the century), Russian painter
* Georgi Plekhanov (1856–1918), Russian revolutionary and Marxist theoretician, namesake of library and university
* Vladimir Plekhanov (inventor) (born 1920), Russian firearms designer
* Gennadij Plekhanov (b. 1926), Russian scientist and namesake of the asteroid
* Sergei M. Plekhanov (born 1946), former Soviet Union government adviser, associate professor of Political Science at York University
* Vladimir G. Plekhanov computer scientist
* Vladimir Plekhanov (athlete) (born 1958), Russian triple jumper de:Wladimir Plechanow
* Dmitri Plekhanov (born 1978), Russian ice hockey player
* Andrei Plekhanov (born 1986), Russian ice hockey player
Plekhanov may also refer to:
* Plekhanov Russian Economic University, public university in Moscow
* Plekhanov House, collection of the Russian National Library in St Petersburg
* 14479 Plekhanov, main belt asteroid
# 2020 in Bolivia

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events in the year 2020 in Bolivia.

## Incumbents

* President: Jeanine Áñez (Interim president) (until 8 November), Luis Arce (from 8 November)
* Vice President: (Vacant, See 2019 Bolivian political crisis), David Choquehuanca (from 8 November)

## Events

* 10 March – Bolivia reports its first COVID-19 cases, of two individuals in the departments of Oruro and Santa Cruz.
* 12 March – All public school sessions are suspended in Bolivia until 31 March, as well as all commercial flights to and from Europe indefinitely. Large-scale public gatherings of more than 1,000 people are also prohibited by the government.
* 18 October – General elections are held. Luis Arce (MAS-IPSP) wins an outright majority of 55.1%, eliminating the necessity of a runoff vote.
* 8 November – Luis Arce is inaugurated as the 67th President of Bolivia.

## Deaths

* 26 January – Alfredo Da Silva, 89, Bolivian-American artist (road accident)
* 2 September – Abdúl Aramayo, 86, international footballer
# Dexter Universalist Church (Dexter, Maine)

Dexter Universalist Church, or the First Universalist Church of Dexter, is a historic church on Church Street in Dexter, Maine. Built in the 1820s and restyled in the 1860s, it is a distinctive work of Boston, Massachusetts architect Thomas Silloway. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## Description and history

The Dexter Universalist Church stands in Dexter's town center, at the northeast corner of Hall Street and Church Street (Maine State Routes 7 and 23). It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with mostly clapboard siding and a front-facing gable roof. In front of the main block is a projecting hip-roofed and flush-boarded vestibule area, from which a multi-stage square tower rises to a belfry and steeple. The vestibule is three bays wide, with narrow segmented-arch windows on either side of the entrance, which is set within a large segmented-arch opening at the front of a projecting gable-roofed section with a dentillated cornice. The interior walls and ceiling of the main sanctuary are finished in pressed metal.
The main body of the church was built about 1828–29, but most of the building's styling comes from a major renovation conducted 1867-70 from a design by Boston architect Thomas Silloway. Although Silloway (probably best known for his design of the Vermont State House) was a prolific church designer, this is one of only three relatively unaltered instances of his work left in the state of Maine.
# Bilateral sound

Bilateral sound is a type of bilateral stimulation used in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the same manner as eye movement. It has been reported to enhance visualization and hypnosis, but this has received little attention in research. Essentially, the sound moves back and forth across the stereo field at a steady rhythm. In this regard, bilateral sound has been used in commercial recordings, and has been applied manually with the use of an electronic metronome or other means. Controversies regarding this and other forms of bilateral stimulation are discussed in the article on EMDR.

## Other fields

In other fields, the words bilateral and sound may be found together, but not necesserality referring to a pattern of sound as in the above use of the phrase.
In medicine, bilateral sound can refer to a type of sound coming from both sides of the body, as in crepitus from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome when it occurs on both sides of the TMJ. In this case, bilateral is an anatomical term.
In cochlear implant technology, bilateral sound refers to the provision of a different sound input for each ear to help the patient localize and interpret the sound.
In analog optical sound recording technology applications such as that used to provide audio for film, bilateral sound production makes use of two mirror-image tracks of light and dark patterns that are designed so as to avoid sound distortion where light may not adequately illuminate the full width of an area of the tracks.
# African Violet Society of America

The African Violet Society of America (AVSA) is an international society of plant enthusiasts who promote the cultivation of African violets (Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia species and cultivars) as house plants. The Society hosts an annual convention and publishes a bi-monthly full-color 64-page magazine, the African Violet Magazine.

## History

The African Violet Society of America Inc. was organized on November 8, 1946, and incorporated on June 30, 1947. Since then it has grown to be the largest society devoted to a single indoor plant in the world. It is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization.

## Objectives

The purposes of AVSA are:
* to provide a convenient association for people interested in African violets;
* to stimulate interest in propagation and culture of African violets;
* to promote distribution of all varieties and species among members and others interested in growing them;
* to publish reliable, practical information about plants and the organization.

## Membership

AVSA membership, which includes both amateur and commercial growers, spans the globe. There are national groups in many countries of the world. The purposes of AVSA are carried out, in part, by a strong network of affiliate clubs, state and regional societies, councils of societies, and judges councils. The AVSA sponsors African violet shows staged at the AVSA conventions and by AVSA affiliates. In these shows, plants are merit-judged according to the appropriate AVSA scales of points by AVSA judges.
AVSA is the International Cultivar Registration Authority for the former genus Saintpaulia (now Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia) and its cultivars. This registry is available to the public with the purchase of updatable software.
# 1922 Furman Purple Hurricane football team

The 1922 Furman Purple Hurricane football team represented the Furman University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1922 college football season. Led by eighth-year head coach Billy Laval, the Purple Hurricane compiled an overall record of 8–3 with a mark of 3–0 in conference play, winning the SIAA title. The team upset Florida.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 29 | Newberry* | Manly FieldGreenville, SC | W 33–0 |
| October 7 | at Florida* | Fleming FieldGainesville, FL | W 7–6 |
| October 14 | Georgia* | Manly FieldGreenville, SC | L 0–7 |
| October 19 | at The Citadel | College Park StadiumCharleston, SC (rivalry) | W 28–0 |
| October 21 | at Oglethorpe | Ponce de Leon ParkAtlanta, GA | W 26–0 |
| October 28 | Richmond* | Manly FieldGreenville, SC | L 0–13 |
| November 4 | Erskine* | Manly FieldGreenville, SC | W 67–6 |
| November 11 | at South Carolina* | University FieldColumbia, SC | L 7–27 |
| November 18 | Wofford | Spartanburg, SC (rivalry) | W 41–0 |
| November 25 | Clemson* | Manly FieldGreenville, SC | W 20–6 |
| November 30 | Davidson* | Manly FieldGreenville, SC | W 13–10 |
| *Non-conference game |||||