OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Constantius

Constantius may refer to:

## Roman people

* Constantius I "Chlorus" (c. 250–306), Western Roman emperor from 305 to 306
* Julius Constantius (died 337), consul in 335, son of Constantius I
* Constantius Gallus (325–354), caesar from 351 to 354 and consul from 352 to 354, son of Julius Constantius
* Constantius II (317–361), emperor from 337 to 361, grandon of Constantius I
* Constantius III, Western Roman emperor in 421
* Constantius Ducas, Eastern/Byzantine co-emperor from 1060 to 1078

## Religious figures

* Saints Simplicius, Constantius and Victorinus (died c. 159), Christian martyrs
* Saint Constantius of Perugia (died c. 170), one of the patron saints of Perugia, Italy
* Saint Constantius (Theban Legion) (c. 3rd century), a member of the legendary Theban Legion
* Constantius of Lyon (fl. c. 480), cleric who wrote the Vita Germani, a hagiography
* Saint Constantius of Aquino, 6th century bishop of Aquino
* Saint Constantius of Capri (died 7th or 8th century), Bishop of Capri

## Other

* Constantius Africanus, (c. 1020 – 1085), translator of Greek and Islamic medical texts
# Marvin O. Bridges

Marvin Orestus Bridges (April 1, 1878 – January 13, 1962) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and football coach. He served in the Spanish-American War, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Cumberland

Marvin Bridges was prominent guard for the Cumberland Bulldogs of Cumberland University. His brother M. L. Bridges also played on the team. Both he and his brother were listed as from "Cornersville," and stood some 6 foot 4 inches, weighing some 225 pounds. Marvin was also known as a fine punter, and kicked the extra points.

### 1903

Marvin Bridges was selected All-Southern from his guard position in 1903. That year Bridges and Red Smith helped lead Cumberland to a defeat of Vanderbilt and a tie of coach John Heisman's Clemson Tigers football team to finish the season in the game billed at the "SIAA championship game" in Montgomery, Alabama on Thanksgiving Day. It was Heisman's last game as Clemson's coach. At Cumberland, Bridges was a member of the Rho chapter of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. The fraternity's football prestige was said to rest on Red Smith and the two Bridges brothers, noting Marvin was "as handsome as the gods."

## University of Florida

He later coached for the football team at the University of Florida at Lake City in 1904, one of the four predecessor institutions to the modern University of Florida and the contemporary Florida Gators football team, which started in 1906. Bridges' "White and Blue" teams compiled an 0–5 record and were outscored 224 to 0 by the likes of Mike Donahue's first year at Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Georgia, and John Heisman's first year at Georgia Tech. He founded UF's Alpha Eta chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha at Lake City on November 17, 1904.
That same year, coach Branch Rickey was happy to get Bridges to Allegheny College, but Bridges bolted for pay to Washington & Jefferson. Bridges played a handful of years in the minor leagues as a pitcher.
# Black Island

Black Island may refer to:

## Places
### Antarctica

* Black Island (Ross Archipelago)
* Black Island (Wilhelm Archipelago)

### Asia

* Black Island (Calamian Group), Palawan, Philippines
* Kunashir Island, possibly meaning Black Island, Kuril Islands
* Kuroshima (Okinawa) (Black Island), Japan

### Europe

* Black Island Platform railway station, in an area known as the Black Island, Blair Atholl, Scotland
* Black Island, County Down, a townland in County Down, Northern Ireland
* Black Island, Dartrey Forest, County Monaghan, Ireland
* Duvillaun (Black Island), North Mayo, Ireland
* Pico Island, traditionally Black Island, Azores

### North America

* Black Island (Bahamas), an island of the Bahamas
* Black Island, Friday Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
* Black Island, Hecla-Grindstone Provincial Park, Manitoba, Canada
* Black Island (Ontario), an island of Ontario, Canada
* Black Island, Georgia, U.S.
* Black Island, Missouri, U.S.
* Black Island, the name of several islands of the United States
* Black Island, Estero Bay (Florida), U.S.
* Black Island, Lake Memphremagog, U.S.

### South America

* Isla Negra (Black island), Chile

### Oceania

* Black Island (Tasmania), Australia
* Black Island, Whitsunday Islands, Queensland, Australia

## Other uses

* "Black Island" (song), a 1999 song by Cuba
* Black Island (film), a 2021 German film
* The Black Island, a comic book in the Adventures of Tintin series, about a fictional island off the coast of Scotland
# Oct

Oct or OCT may refer to:

## Biology and medicine

* Optical coherence tomography, an imaging method
* Organic cation transport protein, a type of protein
* Optimal cutting temperature compound, used in histology
* Oncology clinical trial, a clinical trial in cancer research
* Oxytocin challenge test, a type of contraction stress test in late stage pregnancy
* Obsessive compulsive tendencies, a criterion involved in the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder

## Mathematics

* Octal, abbreviated oct, the base-8 number system
* Octahedron, sometimes abbreviated oct, a regular polyhedron
* Odd cycle transversal, a concept in graph theory

## Science and technology

* Octave, symbol: oct., a unit of measurement in electronics
* Octans, abbreviation: Oct, a constellation
* Office of the Chief Technologist, a manager at the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts
* Optical coherence tomography, an imaging method
* Olefin conversion technology, a method in industrial chemistry
* Office Customisation Tool, available in some versions of Microsoft Office 2007

## Chinese places and companies

* Overseas Chinese Town, (narrowly) a theme park or (broadly) an area in Shenzhen
** OCT Tower, a skyscraper in Overseas Chinese Town
** Overseas Chinese Town station (OCT Station), a metro station in Shenzhen
* Overseas Chinese Town Limited, a company
* OCT Harbour, a retail development in Shenzhen

## Other uses

* Oct., an abbreviation for the month of October
* Ontario College of Teachers, a professional self-regulatory body
** Ontario Certified Teacher, a professional designation from the Ontario College of Teachers
* Orangi Charitable Trust, a Pakistani microfinance organisation
* Orion correlation theory, a fringe theory in Egyptology
* Overseas countries and territories, special territories in relation to the European Union
* Oxford Classical Texts, a book series
* Oklahoma City Thunder, an American basketball team
* Octuple scull, an eight-man racing shell found in the sport of rowing
# Black Island, Missouri

Black Island is an extinct town in Pemiscot County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The exact location of the community is unknown to the GNIS. However, coordinates are listed by the GNIS for a church and schoolhouse, now defunct, which once belonged to the community. The town was so named on account of their rich soil and for the fact the elevated town site was prone to becoming an island during high water.
# Octa, Missouri

Octa is an unincorporated community in Dunklin County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Octa was established in 1903, and remained in operation until 1908. The origin of the name Octa is obscure.
# Battle of Hammamet

The Battle of Hammamet was an attack by the Spanish-Sicilian-Maltese fleet on the Tunisian town Hammamet, the campaign ended in a fiasco and massacre for the allied troops.

## Battle

In 1605, a fleet of 10 ships consisting of 6 or 7 Sicilian ships, 3 or 4 Maltese ships and 1,200 or 1,400 men, the aim was to attack the city of Hammamet, The allied forces was led by the Spanish commander Adelantado of Castile, they landed in 14 august and the Allied troops quickly captured the city, slaying its entire garrison and capturing a few women, according to Alonso de Contreras. A trumpet sound was heard, which prompted a retreat. Since no one knew who ordered the retreat, the allied troops withdrew back to their ships, with the whole army on the beach ahead. Seeing this, the Tunisians attacked them. On top of this, a storm wrecked the ships, making the escape impossible, and the allied troops were surrounded and massacred. Adelanto tried to swim but was killed. in the ensuing massacre, 500 or 1,000 were killed in the expedition.
# Charlene McMann

Charlene McMann (b. circa 1951 in Chicago, Illinois) (also known as Charlene McMann-Seaman) is a philanthropist and convicted fraudster who was the co-founder and chief executive officer of the now-defunct Chicago Blood Cancer Foundation (founded 2010), a non-profit raising money for lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma.
McMann is co-author with her husband Scott Seaman of the self-published book Battling and Beating Cancer – The Cancer Survival Book (2009) and was also co-host with her husband of the Battling and Beating Cancer online-only radio show on BlogTalkRadio and CAN TV public access and online television show.
Previously, McMann co-founded and was president of the Chicago Chapter of the Lymphoma Research Foundation, which was that organization's first local chapter. She received the local Chicago Jefferson Award for Public Service for her cancer advocacy in 2008, organizing, fundraising, and leadership. She subsequently became a Member of the National Board of Selectors of the Jefferson Awards for Public Service and launched a national program to promote health, physical activity, and well-being in students.
She has been serving as an executive board member of the Hippocratic Cancer Research Foundation since 2017.

## Felony plea deal

McMann was accused of transferring funds on multiple occasions from the Chicago Blood Cancer Foundation to her own account between 2010 and 2013 while she was executive director. McMann pleaded guilty to a charge of personal use of charitable assets, a felony, on December 1, 2015. She was sentenced on January 27, 2016, to two years' probation and ordered to pay $44,085 to the Chicago-based Cancer Research Foundation, a similar charity.
# David Bollier

David Bollier is an American activist, writer, and blogger who is focused on the commons as a paradigm for re-imagining economics, politics, and culture. He is a director of the Reinventing the Commons Program at the Schumacher Center for a New Economics, and is co-founder of the Commons Strategies Group, an international advocacy project.

## Biography

Bollier was founding editor of On the Commons (2003-2010), and now blogs at his own website. Bollier calls his work “exploring the commons as a new paradigm of economics, politics and culture.”
Bollier co-founded the Public Knowledge group in 2002 and served as a board member until 2010. He was awarded the 2012 Bosch Berlin Prize in Public Policy at the American Academy in Berlin. He collaborated with television writer/producer Norman Lear from 1985 to 2010 on political and public affairs projects, and worked with Ralph Nader in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He lives in Amherst, Massachusetts.

## Books

* The Commoner's Catalog for Changemaking: Tools for the Transitions Ahead (Schumacher Center for a New Economics, 2021)
* The Great Awakening: New Modes of Life Amidst Capitalist Ruins, (with co-editor Anna Grear) (Punctum Books, 2020)
* Free, Fair and Alive: The Insurgent Power of the Commons (with co-author Silke Helfrich) (New Society Publishers, 2019, ISBN 978-0865719217)
* Patterns of Commoning (with co-author Silke Helfrich) (Off the Common Books, 2015)
* From Bitcoin to Burning Man and Beyond: The Quest for Identity and Autonomy in a Digital Society (with co-editor John H. Clippinger) (ID3 and Off the Common Books, 2014)
* Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons" (New Society Publishers), 2014)
* Green Governance: Ecological Survival, Human Rights and the Law of the Commons" (with co-author Burns H. Weston) (Cambridge University Press), 2012)
* The Wealth of the Commons: A World Beyond Market and State" (with co-editor Silke Helfrich) (Levellers Press, 2012)
* Viral Spiral: How the Commoners Built a Digital Republic of Their Own (New Press, 2009)
* Ready to Share: Fashion and the Ownership of Creativity (Lear Center Press, 2006) Archived 2009-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
* Brand Name Bullies: The Quest to Own and Control Culture (John Wiley & Sons, 2005)
* Sophisticated Sabotage: The Intellectual Games Used to Subvert Responsible Regulation (with Thomas McGarity and Sidney Shapiro; Environmental Law Institute, 2004)
* Artists, Technology and the Ownership of Creative Content (Norman Lear Center, 2003)
* Silent Theft: The Private Plunder of Our Common Wealth (Routledge, 2002)
* Aiming Higher: 25 Stories of How Companies Prosper by Combining Sound Management and Social Vision. (AMACOM, 1996)
* The Great Hartford Circus Fire: Creative Settlement of Mass Disasters (Yale University Press, 1991)
* Crusaders & Criminals, Victims & Visionaries: Historic Encounters Between Connecticut Citizens and the United States Supreme Court (Connecticut Attorney General, 1986)
# Selective abortion

Selective abortion may refer to:
* Sex-selective abortion
* When a genetic test is performed that detects an undesirable trait; see genetics and abortion
* Selective reduction
# Cheiloporinidae

Cheiloporinidae is a family of bryozoans belonging to the order Cheilostomatida.
Genera:
* Cheilopora Levinsen, 1909
* Cheiloporina Canu & Bassler, 1923
* Crustoporina Guha & Nathan, 1996
* Cyttaridium Harmer, 1957
* Hagiosynodos Bishop & Hayward, 1989
* Pachystomaria MacGillivray, 1895
* Retelepralia Gordon & Arnold, 1998
# Phoebe Ruguru

Phoebe Ruguru (born 1997) is a Kenyan film producer known for producing the film 18 Hours which won the Best Overall Movie in Africa, at the 2018 AMVCA. This category had never seen a Kenyan film be nominated, and so marked history as the first Kenyan film to be nominated and win in the history of the awards.

## Early life

Phoebe Ruguru was born in Kenya and lived with her parents in Nakuru before moving to Limuru with her mother when her parents divorced. Phoebe attended nursery school at a small school called Sunflower and then went to Gramabe Academy in Kabuku, Limuru. She moved to St. Peter's Girls Boarding School in Elburgon, Molo, in her fourth year then to Brook Hill Academy before moving to England age 11.
In her A-Levels, Phoebe studied at the King’s School (The Cathedral), Peterborough, UK and joined SOAS, University of London to study BA International Relations and Anthropology (Combined degree). She was drawn to the degree course in an effort to develop an understanding of different cultures and concepts she is drawn to, such as equality through female empowerment, education, film and development. Phoebe graduated in July 2018.

## Film Making Career

As a young achiever her breakout came through when she became the first Kenyan to win an international award in 2014 at the Unchosen Modern Day Slavery Competition which was held in London. Her film ‘Saidia’ won in the category of ‘The Best Young Filmmaker’. The short film Saidia revolved around a case study of human trafficking. What’s even more interesting is that the award winning low budget film was shot purely by an iphone 4s.

## International Relations Achievements

In October 2015, at just 18 years old, Phoebe was honored as a guest speaker at the House of Lords to deliver a speech on Female Leadership during International Girl Child Day celebrations.
* Winner of `Young Achiever’s Award’ at Women4Africa Award London, 2016.
* Winner of `Young Achiever’s Award’ at African Women in Europe Conference in Geneva, 2015.
* “The Nostalgic Mind of a Young Diaspora Woman’ a book chapter authored by Phoebe is among other chapters in a published book echoing the diaspora experience for African Women in Europe
# Phoebe River

The Phoebe River is a river of Minnesota.
# Dorothy Malone (writer)

Dorothy Malone (born 1901, date of death unknown) was an American writer and columnist. Her books include How Mama Could Cook! (1946), Cookbook for Brides (1947) and Cookbook for Beginners (1953). Malone wrote a daily column under the pen name Prudence Penny for the New York American and later wrote as "Elsie Barton" for Secrets magazine.
According to a 1947 profile, Malone worked for William Randolph Hearst's company (now Hearst Communications) for 15 years.
As of 1947, she had a weekly radio program on a station called WOR (possibly either WEPN-FM or WOR).
# Donning

Donning may refer to:
* John Donning (c.1530-?), English MP and mayor
* The Donning Company, US printing company
# Donnington

Donnington may refer to:
* Donnington, Berkshire
** Donnington Castle
* Donnington, Gloucestershire
* Donnington, Herefordshire
* Donnington, Oxfordshire, a suburb of Oxford
** Donnington Bridge, a bridge over the River Thames
* Donnington, Wroxeter and Uppington, Shropshire
* Donnington, Telford, Shropshire
* Donnington, West Sussex
** Donnington (Chichester) (UK electoral ward)
# Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society. The editor-in-chief is Richard Dixon (UNT).

## Overview

Each issue covers a specific area of the biological sciences. Each issue aims to create an original and authoritative synthesis, often bridging traditional disciplines, which showcases current developments and provides a foundation for future research, applications and policy decisions. Each issue is edited by one or more expert guest editors.
The themes fall into one of four general categories:
* Cell and Development
* Health and Disease
* Environment and Evolution
* Neuroscience and Cognition
All articles become freely accessible one year after their publication date.

## History

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society was established in 1665 by the Royal Society and is the oldest scientific journal in the English-speaking world. Henry Oldenburg was appointed as the first (joint) secretary to the society and he was also the first editor of the society's journal. In 1887 the journal expanded to become two separate publications, one serving the physical sciences, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, and the other focusing on the life sciences, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Nowadays, both journals publish themed issues and discussion meeting issues, while individual research articles are published in the sister journal Proceedings of the Royal Society.
The journal celebrated its 350th anniversary in 2015. To commemorate this event it published a special collection of commentaries on landmark papers from the archive by scientists such as Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Hans Sloane and Alan Turing.
# Philip of Ibelin

Philip of Ibelin may refer to:
* Philip of Ibelin (1180–1227), nobleman of the Kingdom of Cyprus
* Philip of Ibelin (died 1304)
* Philip of Ibelin (died 1318), Seneschal of the Kingdom of Cyprus
# Philotheca obovatifolia

Philotheca obovatifolia, commonly known as mountain wax-flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small shrub with broadly egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end toward the base and densely crowded near the ends of the glandular-warty branchlets, and cream-coloured flowers tinged with pink and arranged singly or in groups of up to five in leaf axils.

## Description

Philotheca obovatifolia is a shrub that grows to a height of about 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and has glandular-warty branchlets. The leaves are densely clustered near the ends of the branchlets and are broadly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 28–60 mm (1.1–2.4 in) long, 14–30 mm (0.55–1.18 in) wide with a prominent midrib on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged singly or in groups of up to five on a conspicuous peduncle up to 10 mm (0.39 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) long. There are five triangular sepals and five elliptic to oblong cream-coloured petals 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) long, 3.5–4 mm (0.14–0.16 in) wide and tinged with pink. The ten stamens are hairy. Flowering occurs in late spring and the fruit is about 7 mm (0.28 in) long with a beak about 3 mm (0.12 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

This philotheca was first formally described in 1998 by Michael J. Bayly who gave it the name Philotheca myoporoides subsp. obovatifolia and published the description in the journal Muelleria. In 2005 Paul Irwin Forster raised the subspecies to species status as Philotheca obovatifolia in the journal Austrobaileya.

## Distribution and habitat

Philotheca obovatifolia grows in heath and woodland on Mount Barney, Mount Lindesay and Mount Ernest in south-east Queensland and in Werrikimbe National Park in north-eastern New South Wales.

## Conservation status

Philotheca obovatifolia is classified in New South Wales as "endangered" under the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. Only three populations are known in a small area in Werrikimbe National Park where the main threats to the species include inappropriate fire regimes, forestry activities and disturbance by feral pigs.
# Doo Wa Ditty (Blow That Thing)/A Touch of Jazz (Playin' Kinda Ruff Part II)

"Doo Wa Ditty (Blow That Thing)" / "A Touch of Jazz (Playin' Kinda Ruff Part II)" is a single performed by Zapp, issued as the lead single from their second studio album Zapp II. "Doo Wa Ditty" is the third track on the album, while "A Touch of Jazz" is the closing track on the album. The single peaked at No. 10 on the Billboard R&B singles chart in 1982.
The song "Doo Wa Ditty (Blow That Thing)" has been sampled on "Do U Wanna Roll (Dolittle Theme)" (2001), a track by R.L., Snoop Dogg and Lil' Kim from the Dr. Dolittle 2 soundtrack.

## Chart positions

| Chart (1982) | Peak position |
| US R&B Singles (Billboard) | 10 |
# Double Violin Concerto

Double Violin Concerto may refer to:
* Concerto for Two Violins and String Orchestra, Op. 77 by Malcolm Arnold
* Concerto for Two Violins in D minor, BWV 1043 by Johann Sebastian Bach
* Double Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, Op. 49 by Gustav Holst
* Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra by Karl Marx
# Philippe Wolff

Philippe Wolff (1913–2001) was a French medievalist who specialised in the economic and social history of Languedoc.

## Life and career

Wolff was born in Montmorency, Seine-et-Oise, on 2 September 1913. He graduated licentiate of history and geography in 1934, and doctor of letters in 1939. At the beginning of the Second World War he was a liaison officer with the British Expeditionary Force in France. From 1945 to 1974 he taught, from 1953 as a full professor, at the Université de Toulouse II. From 1968 to 1980 he served as president of the International Commission for the History of Towns. On 9 February 1973 he became a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. He was also a member of the Royal Historical Society, the Institute for Catalan Studies, the Medieval Academy of America and the Reial Acadèmia de Bones Lletres de Barcelona. He died in Andorra on 3 September 2001.

## Awards and honours

* Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur
* Officier de l’Ordre des Palmes académiques
* Commandeur de l’Ordre des Arts et Lettres

## Publications
### Books

* 1954: Commerces et marchands de Toulouse, vers 1350-1450
* 1960: with F. Mauro, Histoire du travail. II, L’âge de l’artisanat, Ve-XVIIIe siècles
* 1962: with J. Dieuzaide, Voix et images de Toulouse
* 1965: with P. Gérard and E. Magnou, Les cartulaires des Templiers de Douzens
* 1968: The Awakening of Europe (Pelican History of European Thought, 1)
* 1969: with G. Wiet and V. Elisseeff, Histoire du développement scientifique et culturel de l’Humanité. III, De 400 à 1300 après J.-C.
* 1971: Les origines linguistiques de l’Europe occidentale
* 1978: Regards sur le Midi médiéval
* 1980: (editor), Histoire du diocèse de Toulouse
* 1985: (editor), Histoire de Perpignan
* 1986: Automne du Moyen Âge ou Printemps des temps nouveaux? L'économie européenne aux XIVe et XVe siècles
* 1993: Histoire internationale du vouvoiement

### Articles

* "The 1391 Pogrom in Spain. Social Crisis or Not?", Past & Present, 50 (1971), pp. 4-18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/650241