OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Plekhanov House

The Plekhanov House forms part of the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg. It includes 72 archives of materials dating back to 1799. The materials include the archives and library of Georgi Plekhanov, a prominent figure in the Russian political history as a propagandist of Marxism and the founder of Russian social democratic movement. It also included the manuscripts of- and about numerous other figures in Russian history, politics and intellectual life.
Plekhanov House contains a large collection of materials on Russian and foreign history, on the Russian and international revolutionary movements and social history, on education, culture, secular and religious education, and so on. It includes collections of a number of authors from Russian history and from theological sources. The heart of the collection, however, is the over 5,000 items of storage that include original materials from Plekhanov's own collection. Over the years, Plekhanov House has published a number of works including the 24 volumes of Plekhanov's Collected Works, a 5 volume set of Selected Philosophical Works, and other works.

## History

After Georgi Plekhanov's death in 1918, the Soviet government, at the initiative of Vladimir Lenin, went to Rosalie Plekhanova with a proposal to start publishing the works of her late husband and set up an Archive. It was only in 1925 that Rosalie Plekhanova agreed to this proposal and presented the thinker's library of works and archive to the Soviet Union after refusing various individuals and research institutions, like Musée Social and Institut des Études Slaves, that offered to acquire or temporary house his collections in Prague or in some West European archive institution.
Plekhanov has resided in Switzerland and Italy from 1880 until 1917 and Finland, where he died in 1918, and parts of his collection, which included authentic manuscripts, extensive correspondence, and voluminous library, were temporarily accommodated by institutions in Geneva and San Remo. It is not clear if his wife's reticence was due to Plekhanov's differences with Lenin and the Bolsheviks. Rosalie Plekhanova maintained that she regarded the archives and library as relics of her husband's work but finally entrusted all his possessions to the state for purposes of the promotion and dissemination of his works. According to Plekhanov House:
   Plekhanov had always considered the Petersburg Public Library as his "Alma Mater", a spiritual source of theoretical and practical knowledge he resorted to during the early stages of his scholarly and revolutionary activities. Plekhanov's heirs presented his archives and private library together with the furniture of his study in Geneva to the Soviet Union on the condition of integral hold in the Public Library in Leningrad as an organizational unit in a separate area with specialized research staff.
The opening ceremony of Plekhanov House took place on 11 June 1929, following the donation of the archives and library of Georgi Plekhanov by his widow, Rosalie Plekhanova, to the Soviet Union in 1925.
# Dylan Smith

Dylan Smith may refer to:
* Dylan Smith (actor)
* Dylan Smith (businessman) (born 1985), co-founder and CFO of Box
* Dylan Smith (Australian rules footballer) (born 1982), former Australian rules footballer
* Dylan Smith (soccer) (born 1996), Australian association footballer
* Dylan Smith (rugby union) (born 1994), South African rugby union player
* Dylan Smith (Scottish footballer) (born 2006), Scottish footballer
* Dylan Smith (baseball)
# Dynamic modulus

Dynamic modulus (sometimes complex modulus) is the ratio of stress to strain under vibratory conditions (calculated from data obtained from either free or forced vibration tests, in shear, compression, or elongation). It is a property of viscoelastic materials.

## Viscoelastic stress–strain phase-lag

Viscoelasticity is studied using dynamic mechanical analysis where an oscillatory force (stress) is applied to a material and the resulting displacement (strain) is measured.
* In purely elastic materials the stress and strain occur in phase, so that the response of one occurs simultaneously with the other.
* In purely viscous materials, there is a phase difference between stress and strain, where strain lags stress by a 90 degree ($\pi /2$ radian) phase lag.
* Viscoelastic materials exhibit behavior somewhere in between that of purely viscous and purely elastic materials, exhibiting some phase lag in strain.
Stress and strain in a viscoelastic material can be represented using the following expressions:
* Strain: $\varepsilon =\varepsilon _{0}\sin(\omega t)$
* Stress: $\sigma =\sigma _{0}\sin(\omega t+\delta )\,$
where
    $\omega =2\pi f$ where $f$ is frequency of strain oscillation,
    $t$ is time,
    $\delta$ is phase lag between stress and strain.
The stress relaxation modulus $G\left(t\right)$ is the ratio of the stress remaining at time $t$ after a step strain $\varepsilon$ was applied at time $t=0$: $G\left(t\right)={\frac {\sigma \left(t\right)}{\varepsilon }}$,
which is the time-dependent generalization of Hooke's law. For visco-elastic solids, $G\left(t\right)$ converges to the equilibrium shear modulus$G$:
    $G=\lim _{t\to \infty }G(t)$.
The fourier transform of the shear relaxation modulus $G(t)$ is ${\hat {G}}(\omega )={\hat {G}}'(\omega )+i{\hat {G}}''(\omega )$ (see below).

### Storage and loss modulus

The storage and loss modulus in viscoelastic materials measure the stored energy, representing the elastic portion, and the energy dissipated as heat, representing the viscous portion. The tensile storage and loss moduli are defined as follows:
* Storage: $E'={\frac {\sigma _{0}}{\varepsilon _{0}}}\cos \delta$
* Loss: $E''={\frac {\sigma _{0}}{\varepsilon _{0}}}\sin \delta$
Similarly we also define shear storage and shear loss moduli, $G'$ and $G''$.
Complex variables can be used to express the moduli $E^{*}$ and $G^{*}$ as follows:
    $E^{*}=E'+iE''\,$
    $G^{*}=G'+iG''\,$
where $i$ is the imaginary unit.

### Ratio between loss and storage modulus

The ratio of the loss modulus to storage modulus in a viscoelastic material is defined as the $\tan \delta$, (cf. loss tangent), which provides a measure of damping in the material. $\tan \delta$ can also be visualized as the tangent of the phase angle ($\delta$) between the storage and loss modulus.
Tensile: $\tan \delta ={\frac {E''}{E'}}$
Shear: $\tan \delta ={\frac {G''}{G'}}$
For a material with a $\tan \delta$ greater than 1, the energy-dissipating, viscous component of the complex modulus prevails.
# Pneumatic valve springs

Pneumatic valve springs are metal bellows filled with compressed air used as an alternative to the metal wire springs used to close valves in high-speed internal combustion engines. This system was introduced in Formula One in 1986 with the Renault EF-Type.

## Concept

Racing engines often fail at high rotational speeds because mechanical springs are unable to retract the valves quickly enough to provide clearance for the piston. Renault's pneumatic valve technology replaced steel springs with light weight compressed air bellows. These could retract valves more quickly and reduce the possibility of piston-valve interference, as long as pressure could be maintained. Additionally, the amount of seat tension required to keep a coil sprung valve under control results in greater peak lift loading. This results in added stress to the entire valvetrain. Pneumatic systems sharing a common reservoir of pressure retain a more static level of force, controlling the valve effectively without any attendant peak lift load increase.
The actuation mechanism is simply a piston and cylinder, similar to a small pneumatic ram. The tappet bore where a hydraulic tappet would normally reside becomes the cylinder, and the retainer assembly becomes the piston. Pressurized air (nitrogen) is pumped into this cylinder which then causes the piston/retainer to rise to the top of cylinder, causing the valve to form an airtight seal with the seat. The compressed gas then becomes the spring, so to speak, but does not have the same traits as springs do at elevated rpm. A small light spring is sometimes fitted between the piston and retainer so that when the system is switched off the spring forces the piston down against the bottom of the bore, thus forcing the retainer upwards. This ensures that no crown-to-valve contact occurs when shut down.

## Pneumatic valve technology in racing

Pneumatic valve springs gave Renault an advantage with its turbocharged engines, often said to be one of the most powerful. However, reliability and poor handling of their chassis kept the cars from success until 1989, when Renault provided Williams with a new V10 engine that began a winning streak.
Pneumatic valve springs are also found in several Moto GP motorcycle engines, debuting in 2002 with the Aprilia RS Cube. In 2005, Team Roberts was the first to use pneumatic valves full-time in their uncompetitive KTM powered bike. Today, almost all of the MotoGP teams use pneumatic valve technology on their bikes, including Yamaha, Suzuki and Honda. Ducati uses a desmodromic design.

## Future valve technology

While pneumatic valve springs have become standard in Formula One engines, a number of manufacturers have been researching computer-controlled electromagnetic valve actuation (EVA) using no camshaft, to reduce moving parts while improving valve control. In particular, Renault and Freevalve (under supervision of Koenigsegg) are two companies interested in developing the technology for production road vehicles.
# Dutch Cottage

The Dutch Cottage is an octagonal-shaped cottage located in Rayleigh, Essex, England. It is a Grade II listed building. It is both the smallest and the oldest council house in the United Kingdom.

## History

The cottage's history is the subject of dispute. Above the front door is an inscription which reads "1621", suggesting its year of construction. Nevertheless, surveyors, architects and historians who have studied the cottage have opined that it was not built until the eighteenth century, more specifically around 1740. It takes its name from the association of this type of house with the seventeenth-century Dutch immigrants who constructed many of the sea walls of the south Essex coast. The house is of similar construction to those at Castle Point nearby.
The unusual octagonal structure is said to serve several functions. It is strong, relatively easy to thatch, and provides the occupants with a more panoramic view. Also, for the superstitious, the lack of right angles prevented evil spirits from lurking in wait around a corner. The house was in private ownership until 1964. It was purchased by the local council in 1965.
Owners Rochford District Council opened the cottage to residential tenant applicants in 2008 for £75 per week in rent, on condition that they would make the property available for pre-arranged guided tours every Wednesday afternoon. In 2017 a heritage plaque was installed.

## Architecture

The octagonal building has a timber frame on a brick plinth. It is approximately 20 feet (6.1 m) wide. It has one storey, a bedroom in the attic which is beneath the thatched roof, and a circular brick chimney.
# 99 Cents (Chicks on Speed album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
99 Cents (stylized as 99¢) is an album by German electroclash trio Chicks on Speed. It was released in 2003 through Chicks On Speed Records and is the group's second album after Chicks On Speed Will Save Us All.

## Album information

A different approach to their apparent aim to expose the superficiality of pop culture, this album is heavily electronic and, with the exception of Tom Tom Club's "Wordy Rappinghood", features completely original material. The same track features a bevy of guests including Miss Kittin (who appears later on "Shick Shaving"), Anki Lepper (also known as "Acid Maria"), singers Jill Mingo, Kevin Blechdom, Soffy O and Inga Humpe, ADULT. member Nicola Kuperus, Tina Weymouth (who composed the lyrics and sang on the original) and all three members of Le Tigre.
As per usual, the album was rife with collaborators, though the Chicks (Melissa Logan, Alex Murray-Leslie and Kiki Moorse) were responsible for all of the album's lyrics and in part for the music. "We Don't Play Guitars", a sarcastic track featuring defiant input of an equally sarcastic nature and a guitar solo from Canadian rapper Peaches received some positive attention on Australia's youth radio, reaching 84 on the Hottest 100 2003 and was included on the compilation release for that year.
There was a mixed reaction by critics. While the positive reviews portrayed them as unique, sharp and trendy, the more unfavorable critics chose to label them as unappealing and clichéd in their lyrics.

## Track listing

A video clip for "We Don't Play Guitars", directed by Deborah Schamoni, is included.
# 2018 Strade Bianche

The 2018 Strade Bianche was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 3 March 2018 in Italy. It was the twelfth edition of the Strade Bianche and the fifth event of the 2018 UCI World Tour.
Tiesj Benoot (Lotto–Soudal) took his first professional victory, after attacking from a chasing group to catch leaders Romain Bardet (AG2R La Mondiale) and Wout van Aert (Vérandas Willems–Crelan) before dropping them in the final sector of dirt roads. Benoot soloed to victory by 39 seconds ahead of Bardet, who dropped van Aert in the final kilometre; van Aert, a three-time world elite cyclo-cross champion, ultimately completed the podium a further 19 seconds in arrears.

## Teams

As the race was only added to the UCI World Tour calendar in 2017, all UCI WorldTeams were invited to the race, but not obligated to compete in the race. As it transpired, all eighteen WorldTeams elected to compete in the race, just like in 2017. Three UCI Professional Continental teams competed, completing the 21-team peloton.
Strade Bianche is the final race for FDJ under that nomenclature; from Paris–Nice the following day, the team becomes known as Groupama–FDJ.
UCI WorldTeams
* AG2R La Mondiale
* Astana
* Bahrain–Merida
* BMC Racing Team
* Bora–Hansgrohe
* EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale
* Team Dimension Data
* Team Katusha–Alpecin
* LottoNL–Jumbo
* Lotto–Soudal
* Mitchelton–Scott
* Movistar Team
* Quick-Step Floors
* Team Sky
* Team Sunweb
* Trek–Segafredo
* UAE Team Emirates
* FDJ
UCI Professional Continental teams
* Androni Giocattoli–Sidermec
* Nippo–Vini Fantini–Europa Ovini
* Vérandas Willems–Crelan

## Result

Result :
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Tiesj Benoot (BEL) | Lotto–Soudal | 5h 03' 33" |
| 2 | Romain Bardet (FRA) | AG2R La Mondiale | + 39" |
| 3 | Wout van Aert (BEL) | Vérandas Willems–Crelan | + 58" |
| 4 | Alejandro Valverde (ESP) | Movistar Team | + 1' 25" |
| 5 | Giovanni Visconti (ITA) | Bahrain–Merida | + 1' 27" |
| 6 | Robert Power (AUS) | Mitchelton–Scott | + 1' 29" |
| 7 | Zdeněk Štybar (CZE) | Quick-Step Floors | + 1' 42" |
| 8 | Peter Sagan (SVK) | Bora–Hansgrohe | + 2' 08" |
| 9 | Pieter Serry (BEL) | Quick-Step Floors | + 2' 11" |
| 10 | Gregor Mühlberger (AUT) | Bora–Hansgrohe | + 2' 16" |
# Alejandra Gabaglio

Alejandra Gabaglio (born 17 October 1966) is an Argentine table tennis player. She competed in the women's doubles event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Camille Noûs

Camille Noûs is a fictional name assumed by the French collective academic project RogueESR. The character of "Camille Noûs" was created in 2020 when the group signed an open letter concerning French science policy. "Camille Noûs" has been listed as an author on 180 journal papers in several scientific disciplines.

## Background

The intent of the Camille Noûs character has been described as a protest against changes in research culture, including the rise of temporary academic positions, the decline in researcher job security and tenure protections, and research assessment metrics that emphasise citation numbers.
The Camille Noûs campaign has been criticized as "ethically questionable" due to concerns about responsibility and accountability for research results. There has also been criticism that has arisen from some researchers including Camille Noûs on the author list without informing journal editors that it is a fictitious name.
The intention of the Camille Noûs character is to protest individualism in scientific research, and to promote collaboration over individual accomplishment.
In April 2021, a manifesto by Camille Noûs was published on the science blog 3 Quarks Daily.
# Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt

The Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt (short: Liaoning Belt, Chinese: 辽宁沿海经济带) is a group of prefectures in Liaoning province in Northeast China. The region was defined for the purpose of a national economic development strategy of China, aiming to strengthen the region as access point of Northeast China to the sea and a vital economic gateway to Northeast Asia and other regions in the world. Specifically, the six port cities with Dalian as the center are to be built as an international shipping center for northeast Asia. Infrastructure conditions including navigation capacity and logistics systems will be particularly improved for better service.

## Region

The Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt includes all six prefectural cities flanking the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Bay: Dalian, Dandong, Jinzhou, Yingkou, Panjin and Huludao. This Belt has a coastline of nearly 3,000 kilometers and a land area of almost 58,000 square kilometers. More than 17.8 million people live here, they created about 45 percent of the total GDP of Liaoning in 2008.

## Focus of development

Upgrading the industrial structure in the Liaoning Belt is focusing on development of major industrial clusters, such as
* Advanced equipment manufacturing
* Shipbuilding
* Raw material processing
* Bio-pharmaceuticals
* Alternative energy
Also, the service sector is developing fast, from innovation in financial services by establishing public information platforms, to international competitive software development as a base of outsourcing industry. Another focus is on high-quality farming and processing of food and other agricultural products, such as sea food, rice, fruits, vegetables, and flowers.

## Sustainability

The Liaoning Belt strategy is also ambitious to develop this area into a place where citizens can live and work comfortably and build a moderately affluent society. Cleaner production is promoted in the industrial process and natural conservation along the sea and inland are important elements of the strategy. Foreign investment is particularly encouraged for hi-tech industries, the service sector, advanced manufacturing, infrastructure construction and ecological protection.
The Liaoning Belt is one of the promising regions in China. Its development strategy is adopted in Liaoning as guideline for the next 10-year development. It is important for China to have the zone as a good example for revitalizing traditional industrial areas, similar to the Ruhr Area in Germany.
# Egotrip (band)

Egotrip was a Brazilian pop/rock band.

## History

Bassist Arthur Maia — who had previously worked with MPB veterans such as Gal Costa, Caetano Veloso, Roberto Carlos, Djavan, and Milton Nascimento — founded Egotrip in 1985. Their self-titled debut album was released in 1987. The song "Viagem ao Fundo do Ego" became a huge hit shortly after, when it was included in the soundtrack of Rede Globo's telenovela Mandala. Another great success of the group was the song "Kamikaze", that reached the top of several radios of Brazil at that time.
Egotrip would not last long, however: they disbanded after drummer Pedro Gil (Gilberto Gil's son) died in a car crash in 1990.

## Line up

* Arthur Maia (bass, vocals, keyboard)
* Nando Chagas (vocals, guitar, keyboard)
* José Rubens (saxophone, keyboard)
* Francisco Frias (guitar, synth guitar, keyboard, arranging and computer programming)
* Pedro Gil (drums, keyboard)

## Discography

* Egotrip - 1987
# Litsea wightiana

Litsea wightiana is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is a tree which grows 10 to 20 metres tall. It is endemic to Western Ghats of India, in the states of Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, and Karnataka. It grows in evergreen and semi-evergreen montane forests from 1,000 to 2,400 metres elevation.
# Pnirontis

Pnirontis is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae. There are more than 30 described species in Pnirontis.

## Species

These 37 species belong to the genus Pnirontis:
* Pnirontis acuminata Barber, 1929
* Pnirontis barberi Hussey, 1954
* Pnirontis beieri Wygodzinsky, 1948
* Pnirontis bellatrix Hussey, 1954
* Pnirontis brevispina Barber, 1929
* Pnirontis brimleyi Blatchley, 1926
* Pnirontis buenoi (Lima & Seabra, 1945)
* Pnirontis demerarae Haviland, 1931
* Pnirontis edentula (Berg, 1879)
* Pnirontis elongata Barber, 1929
* Pnirontis filiformis (Walker, 1873)
* Pnirontis grandis Maldonado, 1994-01
* Pnirontis granulosa Barber, 1930
* Pnirontis grisea Barber, 1929
* Pnirontis guggiarii Hussey, 1954
* Pnirontis heminigra Maldonado, 1986
* Pnirontis incerta Reuter, 1887
* Pnirontis infirma Stål, 1859
* Pnirontis inobtrusa Barber, 1929
* Pnirontis languida Stål, 1859
* Pnirontis lissa Maldonado, 1986
* Pnirontis modesta Banks, 1910
* Pnirontis pallescens Stål, 1859
* Pnirontis perpugnax (Torre Bueno, 1914)
* Pnirontis scorpiona Berg
* Pnirontis scorpionia (Berg, 1879)
* Pnirontis scutellaris Stål, 1859
* Pnirontis selecta Barber, 1929
* Pnirontis serripes (Fabricius, 1803)
* Pnirontis sicki Wygodzinsky, 1947
* Pnirontis similis Barber, 1929
* Pnirontis spinimanus Champion, 1898
* Pnirontis spinosissima (Kolenati, 1857)
* Pnirontis stali (Mayr, 1865)
* Pnirontis subinermis Barber, 1929
* Pnirontis uroquadratus Giacchi, 1996-01
* Pnirontis zikani (Lima & Seabra, 1945)
# Pocket Coffee

Pocket Coffee is a brand of the Ferrero company for a chocolate confectionery, sold internationally. First marketed in Italy in 1968, each Pocket Coffee is an individually wrapped shell of dark chocolate containing liquid espresso. As with Ferrero's Rocher, Mon Chéri, and Raffaello, production limits sales from November to April.
William Salice, assistant to Ferrero's owner, Michele Ferrero, conceived the product in the early 1960s after noticing no bars at Italy's then relatively new Autogrills, a proprietary eponym synonymous with Italian highway rest stops. Ferrero conceived a product for anyone working long hours, e.g., truck drivers. Michele Ferrero conceived the slogan: "the energy of chocolate and the charge of coffee".

## Ingredients

* Coffee (sweetened liquid)
* Chocolate (paste)
* Chocolate milk
* Cocoa butter
* Cocoa paste
* Lactose

## Availability

Pocket Coffee is sold widely in Italy, with Ferrero headquarters in Alba, Piedmont; Germany is the second largest market. In the 70's it was easily available in shops in France as well.
For many years, it was difficult to obtain Pocket Coffee outside Europe but, the product is available online and in certain major food markets.
# Dwight McDonald

Dwight Vinson McDonald (born May 24, 1951) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the San Diego Chargers from 1975 to 1978. He played college football at U.S. International University and San Diego State.
# Point Skyhawks football

The Point Skyhawks football program represents Point University in college football. They are football-only members of the Appalachian Athletic Conference and compete at the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) level.
# EAH

EAH may refer to:
* 5-epiaristolochene 1,3-dihydroxylase
* EAH Housing
* Einstein@Home
* Exercise-associated hyponatremia
* Ever After High
# Düzköy, Ulus

Düzköy is a village in the Ulus District, Bartın Province, Turkey. Its population is 116 (2021).