OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marquois scales

Marquois scales (also known as Marquois parallel scales or Marquois scale and triangle or military scales) are a mathematical instrument that found widespread use in Britain, particularly in military surveying, from the late 18th century to World War II.

## Description

Invented around 1778 by Thomas Marquois, the Marquois scales consist of a right-angle triangle (with sides at a 3:1 ratio) and two rulers (each with multiple scales). The system could be used to aid precision when marking distances off scales, and to rapidly draw parallel lines a precise distance apart. Quick construction of precise parallel lines was useful in cartography and engineering (especially before the availability of graph paper) and Marquois scales were convenient in some challenging environments where larger equipment like a drawing board and T-square was impractical, such as field survey work and classrooms. Marquois scales fell out of favour among draftsmen in the early 20th century, although familiarity with their use was an entry requirement for the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich around the same time.

## Material

Marquois scales were normally made of boxwood, though sets were sometimes made in ivory or metal.

## Use

The triangle would be used for many regular set square operations, the rulers likewise would function as rulers, but the unique function was the 3:1 reduction ratio between measured distance and drawn line.$^{:210–214}$
A line is drawn along the beveled edge (the side of middle-length) of the triangle. By placing a ruler against the hypotenuse of the triangle and sliding the triangle along the ruler for 3 units of the ruler's scale, drawing another line along the beveled edge results in a parallel line with a distance of only 1 unit from the original line. Using larger distances on a ruler to draw lines smaller distances apart means that margin of error reading off the scale is reduced. Additionally, the end-state is the instruments already in place to slide the triangle again to quickly draw additional lines as desired. A similar method also allows the distance between points on plans or maps to be measured with increased precision.$^{:210–214}$
Regular set square triangles differ (from a Marquois scales triangle) by being made and used according to the angles of their triangle (eg 45-45-90 or 30-60-90 degrees) rather than according to the ratio between the lengths of their sides. Likewise the scales on other rulers are usually intended to be used directly and the selection differs accordingly.$^{:182,210–214}$
# Marracci

Marracci may refer to:
* Ludovico Marracci (1612–1700), Italian oriental scholar and professor of Arabic
* Giovanni Marracci (1637–1704), Italian baroque painter
# Birdwood, New South Wales

Birdwood is a town in New South Wales, Australia about 1 hour 6 minutes drive south of Port Macquarie. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 34.
# Birdwood (Thomasville, Georgia)

Birdwood is a 17.2 acres (7.0 ha) estate in Thomasville, Georgia. Its main building is a two-story mansion built in 1931–1932 in then-popular Georgian Revival style at the center of what was a 48-acre property.
The mansion is basically U-shaped in plan, with a two-story colonnade connecting across the ends.
It was built for William Cameron Forbes (1870-1959) of Boston, Massachusetts, "as a seasonal residence and a place to practice and play polo in the winter." Forbes was a grandson of Ralph Waldo Emerson and served as a diplomat for the United States, including serving on the Philippine Commission and as governor general in the Philippines for presidents T.R. Roosevelt and Taft.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is now part of Thomas University, now named Forbes Hall.
# Martin Gurri

Martin Gurri (born April 17, 1949) is a former CIA analyst who writes about the relationship between politics and media. He is a visiting fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University in Virginia and is a contributing writer to the center's Discourse magazine. He served at the Director of National Intelligence Open Source Center in various senior positions, including director of research. Gurri is the author of the book The Revolt of the Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium, which he self-published in 2014 and then updated in 2018, when Stripe Publishing re-issued it with his "extensive analysis of Donald Trump’s improbable rise to the presidency and the electoral triumphs of 'Brexit'".
In his blog, "The Fifth Wave," he states that "Information expands in great waves which sweep over the human landscape and leave little untouched. We stand at the earliest moment of what promises to be a cataclysmic expansion of information and communication technologies: the fifth wave."
Gurri was born in Cuba and came to the U.S. with his parents in the 1950s. He and his wife, Amy Tilson Gurri, have two sons, Adam and David, a daughter, Cati, and two grandsons.

## Books

* The Revolt of the Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium (2018)
# 30 Anos de Chaves

30 Anos de Chaves (English: 30 Years of El Chavo, Spanish: 30 Años de El Chavo) is a Brazilian TV special celebrating the 30th anniversary of the Mexican TV series El Chavo del Ocho created by Roberto Gómez Bolaños. This special was aired on SBT on August 19, 2011. In opposition to the title, the special marks the 30th anniversary of the broadcaster of the show.

## Production

Filming started and wrapped on August 12, 2011 in a replica of the original scenario. Initially, interviewer Marília Gabriela was cast as Mrs. Worthmore, but due to agenda conflicts, she was replaced by actress Lívia Andrade.

## Plot

The episode is a remake of the episode Letter Confusion, in which Professor Girafalde arrives in the neighborhood and says to Mrs. Worthmore that had written his feelings for her in a pink paper, but let it fall out of his pocket. Chilindrina finds it later. Coming back home, Mr. Raymond asks Chilindrina to go to the butchery and gives her a white paper with what she needs to buy. She reads the pink paper thinking her father wrote a love letter to the butcher. Unwilling to go, she asks Chavo to go instead of her, saying that her father would give him a ham sandwich. After that, Quico looks for the letter that Professor Girafalde have written to Mrs. Worthmore and Chilindrina gives him the white paper, with the list her father wrote for the butcher.

## Cast

* Renê Loureiro as Chavo/Chaves (1st special)
* Alexandre Porpetone as Chavo/Chaves (2nd special)
* Marlei Cevada as Chilindrina/Chiquinha
* Felipe Levoto as Mr. Raymond/Seu Madruga
* Ratinho as Mr. Bellarge/Seu Barriga
* Christina Rocha as Mrs. Pinster/Dona Clotilde
* Lívia Andrade as Mrs. Worthmore/Dona Florinda
* Zé Américo as Quico
* Carlos Alberto de Nóbrega as Professor Girafalde/Girafales (1st special)
* Celso Portiolli as Professor Girafalde/Girafales (2nd special)
# Biotransformation

Biotransformation is the biochemical modification of one chemical compound or a mixture of chemical compounds. Biotransformations can be conducted with whole cells, their lysates, or purified enzymes. Increasingly, biotransformations are effected with purified enzymes. Major industries and life-saving technologies depend on biotransformations.

## Advantages and disadvantages

Compared to the conventional production of chemicals, biotransformations are often attractive because their selectivities can be high, limiting the coproduction of undesirable coproducts. Generally operating under mild temperatures and pressures in aqueous solutions, many biotransformations are "green". The catalysts, i.e. the enzymes, are amenable to improvement by genetic manipulation.
Biotechnology usually is restrained by substrate scope. Petrochemicals for example are often not amenable to biotransformations, especially on the scale required for some applications, e.g. fuels. Biotransformations can be slow and are often incompatible with high temperatures, which are employed in traditional chemical synthesis to increase rates. Enzymes are generally only stable <100 °C, and usually much lower. Enzymes, like other catalysts are poisonable. In some cases, performance or recyclability can be improved by using immobilized enzymes.

## Historical

Wine and beer making are examples of biotransformations that have been practiced since ancient times. Vinegar has long been produced by fermentation, involving the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. Cheesemaking traditionally relies on microbes to convert dairy precursors. Yogurt is produced by inoculating heat-treated milk with microorganisms such as Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.

## Modern examples
### Pharmaceuticals

Beta-lactam antibiotics, e.g., penicillin and cephalosporin are produced by biotransformations in an industry valued several billions of dollars. Processes are conducted in vessels up to 60,000 gal in volume. Sugars, methionine, and ammonium salts are used as C,S,N sources. Genetically modified Penicillium chrysogenum is employed for penicillin production.
Some steroids are hydroxylated in vitro to give drugs.

### Sugars

High fructose corn syrup is generated by biotransformation of corn starch, which is converted to a mixture of glucose and fructose. Glucoamylase is one enzyme used in the process.
Cyclodextrins are produced by transferases.

### Amino acids

Amino acids are sometimes produced industrially by transaminases. In other cases, amino acids are obtained by biotransformations of peptides using peptidases.

### Acrylamide

With acrylonitrile and water as substrates, nitrile hydratase enzymes are used to produce acrylamide, a valued monomer.

### Biofuels

Many kinds of fuels and lubricants are produced by processes that include biotransformations starting from natural precursors such as fats, cellulose, and sugars.
# Bivar

Bivar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antônio Bivar (1939–2020), Brazilian writer and playwright
* David Bivar (1926–2015), British numismatist and archaeologist
* Luciano Bivar (born 1944), Brazilian politician and businessman
# 2nd Regiment of Riflemen

The 2nd Regiment of Riflemen was a unit of the U.S. Army in the early nineteenth century. It was first activated in 1814 during the War of 1812 when the War Department created three additional rifle regiments based on the success of the Regiment of Riflemen. The regiment was deactivated in May 1815.

## Organization

The regiment was activated on February 10, 1814. It was consolidated with the other regiments of riflemen on May 17, 1815.$^{:142}$

## Service

The regiment spent virtually its entire life on garrison duty in Detroit, Michigan Territory and Fort Malden, Upper Canada after Detroit had been abandoned by the British following the Battle of Lake Erie. Regimental depots were placed in Chillicothe, Ohio; Nashville, Tennessee, and Lexington, Kentucky. The riflemen never gained full strength, in part because recruiters for other commands misrepresented themselves as being recruiters for the riflemen. The regiment suffered continuing shortages of uniforms and equipment. The riflemen did ensure that trade with Native Americans was fair and that civil order was maintained.$^{:7–11}$$^{:43}$
# 2nd Regiment of Senegalese Tirailleurs

The 2nd Regiment of Senegalese Tirailleurs was a regiment composed of African infantry formed by the French Army. It was created by decree on 23 April 1892 as the Régiment de Tirailleurs Soudanais. Godefroy Cavaignac, the Minister of Marine and of the Colonies, reported to President Carnot, that the regiment consisted of six companies of Senegalese Tirailleurs at the time stationed in Sudan with two additional companies of Sudanese auxiliaries. They participated in the capture of Sikasso in 1898.

## Creation and various names

* 1892: Creation of the Régiment de Tirailleurs Soudanais
* 1900: Renamed 2nd Régiment de Tirailleurs Sénégalais
* 2 September 1939: Renamed 2nd Régiment Mobile de Tirailleurs Sénégalais
* 1 April 1940: Went back to 2nd Régiment de Tirailleurs Sénégalais
* 1 October 1940: became Régiment de Tirailleurs Sénégalais du Soudan
* 31 December 1946: Dissolved
# Cooper Willyams

The Rev. Cooper Willyams (June 1762 – 17 July 1816) was a clergyman and a British artist.

## Biography

Willyams was probably born in Plaistow House in Essex. His father was a commander in the Royal Navy and his maternal grandfather was Captain Samuel Goodere who had been hanged for fratricide. Willyams was in France in 1784 when he also graduated from Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He obtained a master's degree from the same college in 1789 and in 1792 first revealed his artistic skills in A History of Sudeley Castle.
In 1793, he enlisted as chaplain on HMS Boyne for its journey to the West Indies. In command were Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Grey and Vice Admiral Sir John Jervis. The crew were ravaged by yellow fever but managed to get the French to surrender at Fort St. Charles in Guadeloupe in the following year.
Willyams became chaplain to John Jervis, Earl St Vincent in 1797 and the following year chaplain of HMS Swiftsure captained by Benjamin Hallowell Carew, of Nelson's squadron. Swiftsure was at the Battle of the Nile and Willyams published an account. His landscapes of Egypt, Palestine, Greece, Italy, Minorca, and Gibraltar were posthumously published.
In 1801 he married Elizabeth Rebecca Snell, and by 1806 had an income of 1,000 pounds, being appointed to the rectories of Kingston and of Stourmouth (at least partially due to Earl St Vincent). Willyams died in Russell Square in 1816.
# Kirksville (disambiguation)

Kirksville is a city in Adair County, Missouri, United States.
Kirksville may also refer to:
* Kirksville, Indiana, United States
* Kirksville, Illinois, United States
* Kirksville, Kentucky, United States
# Larsen House

Larsen House may refer to:

## in the United States

* Larsen Family House, Willits, California, NRHP-listed in Mendocino County
* Larsen Fish Cabin at Captiva Rocks, Bokeelia, Florida, NRHP-listed
* Archie Larsen House, Weiser, Idaho, NRHP-listed in Washington County
* Chris Larsen House, Elk Horn, Iowa, NRHP-listed in Shelby County
* Aage and Kristine Larsen Homestead, Dagmar, Montana, NRHP-listed in Montana
* Erickson-Larsen Ensemble, Astoria, Oregon, NRHP-listed in Clatsop County
* Smith-Larsen House, Centerville, Utah, NRHP-listed in Davis County
* Oluf Larsen House, Ephraim, Utah, NRHP-listed in Sanpete County
* Larsen-Noyes House, Ephraim, Utah, NRHP-listed in Sanpete County
* Jens T. Larsen House, Kimballton, Iowa, NRHP-listed in Audubon County
* Watkins-Tholman-Larsen Farmstead, Mt. Pleasant, Utah, NRHP-listed in Sanpete County
* Christen Larsen House, Pleasant Grove, Utah, NRHP-listed in Utah County
* Neils Peter Larsen House, Pleasant Grove, Utah, NRHP-listed in Utah County
* Erick Lehi and Ingrid Larsen Olson House, River Heights, Utah, NRHP-listed in Cache County
# Lavistown loop line

52°38′13″N 7°11′20″W﻿ / ﻿52.637°N 7.189°W﻿ / 52.637; -7.189
The Lavistown Loop Line provides an important function in transporting freight and timber liner trains on the Dublin–Waterford line. Before the loop was constructed, freight and timber liner trains would have to turn around at Kilkenny railway station to continue on to their destination in Sallypark, near Waterford. Approval for construction was given by Minister Brian Cowen on 2 December 1994. Non-passenger trains such as the "DFDS Freight Train" from Ballina–Waterford avoid Kilkenny by using the Lavistown Loop Line which joins both lines going to Kilkenny. The loop has allowed Irish Rail to run a daily morning limited stop service between Waterford and Heuston departing Waterford at 07.10 and arriving Heuston at 09.01.
# Lucius Aelius Helvius Dionysius

Lucius Aelius Helvius Dionysius was a Roman statesman who served as the Proconsul of Africa from 296 to 300 and as the Praefectus urbi from 301 to 302.
# Opalios

Opalios (meaning "opal") is an extinct genus of monotreme mammal from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Griman Creek Formation of Australia. The genus contains a single species, O. splendens, known from a fragmentary left dentary.

## Discovery and naming

The Opalios holotype specimen, AM F132596–AM F132599, was discovered in 2001 in sediments of the Griman Creek Formation (Wallangulla Sandstone Member) near Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia. The specimen consists of four broken pieces of the left dentary.
In 2024, Flannery et al. described Opalios splendens as a new genus and species of early monotreme based on these fossil remains. They erected the new monotypic family Opalionidae within the Ornithorhynchoidea—the superfamily also containing modern echidnas and platypus—to house Opalios due to its similarity to both of these extant lineages. The generic name, Opalios, is a Greek word meaning "opal", referencing the holotype's opalized nature. The specific name, splendens, is a Latin word meaning "shining" or " distinguished", in reference to the holotype's striking translucency and size.
Opalios was nicknamed "echidnapus" (a portmanteau of "echidna" and "platypus") in the press following its description due to the specimen's similarities to both extant monotreme lineages.
Several other monotremes are known from the Griman Creek Formation, including Dharragarra and Parvopalus—which were described in the same publication as Opalios—as well as Kollikodon, Steropodon, and Stirtodon.
# Botrynema

Botrynema is a genus of hydrozoans in the family Halicreatidae.

## Species

There are two recognized species in the genus Botrynema:
* Botrynema brucei Browne, 1908
* Botrynema ellinorae (Hartlaub, 1909)
# McQuay

McQuay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Herb McQuay (1948–2005), American singer
* Kevin McQuay (1949–2005), Australian businessman
* Leon McQuay (1950–1995), American football player
* Leon McQuay III (born 1994), American football player
* Mike McQuay (1949–1995), American science fiction writer
* Stan McQuay (born 1973), American bodybuilder
* Tony McQuay (born 1990), American sprinter and silver medalist at the 2012 Olympic Games
# A Step in the Right Direction

"A Step in the Right Direction" is a song written by Robert and Richard Sherman for the 1971, Walt Disney musical film production Bedknobs and Broomsticks.
   When a baby spider
   tries to trap a fly Often times, the silken thread Will come awry Though a tangled web is all that he can claim
   It's a step in the right direction all the same

## Lost scene

Upon rediscovering the song on the original soundtrack album, Disney decided to reconstruct the original running length of Bedknobs and Broomsticks, with all the songs. Most of the film material was found, but one minute of another song, "Portobello Road", had to be reconstructed from a work print with digital re-coloration to match the film quality of the main content. The footage for "A Step in the Right Direction" was never located. For many decades, it remains lost, and it is possible that the footage was accidentally destroyed, but records show that the song was part of the film before the Radio City engagement. A reconstruction of the sequence, using the original music track linked up to existing production stills, was included as a DVD extra to convey an idea of what it would have looked like in the film.
# A Step Further

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
A Step Further is the fourth album by the band Savoy Brown. It was released by Decca in the United Kingdom and by Parrot in the United States in the fall of 1969. It is the last of the band's albums on which their long-time pianist Bob Hall played. The album track "Made Up My Mind" had first appeared as the B-side of the U.S. single release on Parrot Records 45-40039 (released June 1969), fronted by "Train to Nowhere", from their album Blue Matter. The track "Waiting in the Bamboo Grove" would later be released as the B-side of the U.K. single release on Decca F 13019 (released May 1970), of "A Hard Way To Go" from their album Raw Sienna.
Side two was recorded live at Cooks Ferry Inn, Edmonton, London, on Monday 12 May 1969.

## Track listing

Side one
* "Made Up My Mind" (Chris Youlden) – 2:56
* "Waiting in the Bamboo Grove" (Kim Simmonds) – 3:37
* "Life's One Act Play" (Youlden) – 6:29
* "I'm Tired" (Youlden) – 3:21
* "Where Am I" (Youlden) – 1:51
Side two
* "Savoy Brown Boogie" (Live) (Simmonds, Youlden) – 22:02. Includes "Feel So Good" (Chuck Willis), "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin On" (Sunny David, Dave Williams), "Little Queenie" (Chuck Berry), "Purple Haze" (Jimi Hendrix), "Hernando's Hideaway" (Richard Adler, Jerry Ross).

## Personnel

Savoy Brown
* Chris Youlden – vocals
* Kim Simmonds – guitar
* Lonesome Dave – guitar
* Roger Earl – drums
* Tony Stevens – bass
* Bob Hall – piano
Technical
* Mike Vernon – producer, liner notes
* Dave Grinsted – engineer
* Colin Freeman, John Punter, Michael Mailes – assistant engineers
* Terry Noonan – musical arrangements on "Waiting in the Bamboo Grove", "Life's One Act Play" and "Where Am I"
* Terence Ibbott – photography

## Charts

| Chart (1969) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 71 |
# Bornholm Museum

Bornholm Museum is a cultural history museum located in Rønne, Denmark. The museum collects, preserves, researches, and exhibits artifacts in order to raise awareness of Bornholm's cultural heritage.

## History

The museum's association was first founded in 1893. The museum provides a historic view of Rønne and the island of Bornholm, from the Paleolithic era to the modern age, including the history of occupied Bornholm during World War II. The museum also houses a number of Nordic Bronze Age and Iron Age artifacts relating to the island conducing.
The Bornholm Archaeological Research Center (BARC) is a research branch of the museum. BARC conducts archaeological surveys and excavations in the surrounding areas with the intent of disseminating and conserving Bornholm's heritage within the context of the wider Baltic Region. Each summer, BARC–in partnership with the Institute for Field Research–hosts a field school for university students at the Vasagård site in southern Bornholm.

## Notable sites

* Erichsens Gård - house known for its association with notable visitors including painter Kristian Zahrtmann and poet Holger Drachmann, who married the daughter of the house: Vilhelmine Erichsen (1852–1935).
* Hjorths Fabrik - terracotta factory founded by Lauritz Adolph Hjorth (1834-1912) in 1859 and in operation until 1993.
* Melstedgård- an agricultural museum south of Gudhjem. The property consists of an operating farm built in 1801 with farmhouse, stables and horse-drawn carriage rides.
* Kastellet - 17th-century citadel which now houses the Bornholm Defense Museum.

## Gallery

* Erichsens Gård - house known for its association with painter Kristian Zahrtmann and poet Holger Drachmann,
* Melstedgård - agricultural museum south of Gudhjem
* Hjorts Fabrik- former terracotta factory
* Kastellet - houses the Bornholm Defense Museum
# Bousselange

Bousselange (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
# Boussay, Indre-et-Loire

Boussay (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.

## Sights

* The Château de Boussay