OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Layered permutation

In the mathematics of permutations, a layered permutation is a permutation that reverses contiguous blocks of elements. Equivalently, it is the direct sum of decreasing permutations.
One of the earlier works establishing the significance of layered permutations was Bóna (1999), which established the Stanley–Wilf conjecture for classes of permutations forbidding a layered permutation, before the conjecture was proven more generally.

## Example

For instance, the layered permutations of length four, with the reversed blocks separated by spaces, are the eight permutations
    1 2 3 4
    1 2 43
    1 32 4
    1 432
    21 3 4
    21 43
    321 4
    4321

## Characterization by forbidden patterns

The layered permutations can also be equivalently described as the permutations that do not contain the permutation patterns 231 or 312. That is, no three elements in the permutation (regardless of whether they are consecutive) have the same ordering as either of these forbidden triples.

## Enumeration

A layered permutation on the numbers from $1$ to $n$ can be uniquely described by the subset of the numbers from $1$ to $n-1$ that are the first element in a reversed block. (The number $n$ is always the first element in its reversed block, so it is redundant for this description.) Because there are $2^{n-1}$ subsets of the numbers from $1$ to $n-1$, there are also $2^{n-1}$ layered permutation of length $n$.
The layered permutations are Wilf equivalent to other permutation classes, meaning that the numbers of permutations of each length are the same. For instance, the Gilbreath permutations are counted by the same function $2^{n-1}$.

## Superpatterns

The shortest superpattern of the layered permutations of length $n$ is itself a layered permutation. Its length is a sorting number, the number of comparisons needed for binary insertion sort to sort $n+1$ elements. For $n=1,2,3,\dots$ these numbers are
    1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, ... (sequence A001855 in the OEIS)
and in general they are given by the formula
    $(n+1){\bigl \lceil }\log _{2}(n+1){\bigr \rceil }-2^{\left\lceil \log _{2}(n+1)\right\rceil }+1.$

## Related permutation classes

Every layered permutation is an involution. They are exactly the 231-avoiding involutions, and they are also exactly the 312-avoiding involutions.
The layered permutations are a subset of the stack-sortable permutations, which forbid the pattern 231 but not the pattern 312. Like the stack-sortable permutations, they are also a subset of the separable permutations, the permutations formed by recursive combinations of direct and skew sums.
# Least dangerous assumption

The least dangerous assumption is an inclusive approach to educational policy and pedagogy. It holds that, "in the absence of conclusive data, educational decisions should be based on assumptions which, if incorrect, will have the least dangerous effect on the student". This concept was coined in 1984 by Anne Donnellan, a researcher in special education. The principle is most closely associated with the areas of intellectual disability and communication disorder, although it can be applied more generally in the domain of learning and teaching, and beyond. In most contexts in which it is used, the principle holds that one should, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, presume competence, rather than non-competence, in others.
The "presumption of competence" can be regarded as the "least dangerous" assumption to make about a person because, the principle holds, it is less damaging to presume competence in another, and to be wrong, than it is to presume non-competence (incompetence) in another, and to be wrong. Take the example of a teacher who is uncertain about the extent to which a given student (with a severe communication impairment) understands what is said to them. The principle holds that it is less dangerous to assume that the student understands everything that is said, and to be wrong about that, than to assume that the student understands nothing that is said, and to be wrong in that direction. Under the latter assumption, the risk is that the teacher speaks too little to the student (or, in an extreme form of the argument, the teacher may not speak to the student at all). This is potentially 'dangerous' because it deprives the child of the known benefits of a language-rich environment. Under the former assumption the risk is that the teacher will speak too much to the student, which, advocates of this approach maintain, is less dangerous.
The principle comes into play in educational policy and teaching practice under conditions of uncertainty ("in the absence of conclusive data"). Debate on the usefulness of the principle revolves around the question of what constitutes "conclusive data" when it comes to making complex educational decisions.
# Maimetshidae

Maimetshidae is an extinct family of wasps, known from the Cretaceous period. While originally considered relatives of Megalyridae, they are now considered to probably be close relatives of Trigonalidae.

## Subdivisions

* Subfamily †Maimetshinae Rasnitsyn 1975
** Tribe †Ahiromaimetshini Engel 2016
*** †Ahiromaimetsha Perrichot et al. 2011 Lebanese amber, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
*** †Turgonaliscus Engel 2016 Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
*** †Turgonalus Rasnitsyn 1990 Turga Formation, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
** Tribe †Maimetshini Rasnitsyn 1975
*** †Afrapia Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2009 Orapa, Botswana, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
*** †Afromaimetsha Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2009 Orapa, Botswana, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
*** †Ahstemiam McKellar and Engel 2011 Canadian amber, Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
*** †Andyrossia Rasnitsyn and Jarzembowski 2000 Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
*** †Burmaimetsha Perrichot 2013 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)
*** †Cretogonalys Rasnitsyn 1977 Taimyr amber, Russia, Late Creaceous (Cenomanian)
*** †Guyotemaimetsha Perrichot et al. 2004 French amber (incl. Charentese amber), Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
*** †Iberomaimetsha Ortega-Blanco et al. 2011 Spanish amber, Escucha Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Albian) Taimyr amber, Russia, Late Creaceous (Santonian)
*** †Maimetsha Rasnitsyn 1975 Taimyr amber, Russia, Late Creaceous (Santonian)
*** †Maimetshasia Perrichot 2013 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)
*** †Maimetshorapia Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2009 Orapa, Botswana, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
* Subfamily †Zorophratrinae Engel 2016
** †Zorophratra Engel 2016 Lebanese amber, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
# 1960–61 Romanian Hockey League season

The 1960–61 Romanian Hockey League Season was the 31st season of the Romanian Hockey League. Four teams participated in the league, and CCA Bucuresti won the championship.

## Regular season

| | Club |
| 1. | CCA Bucuresti |
| 2. | Știința Cluj |
| 3. | Voința Miercurea Ciuc |
| 4. | Știința Bucharest |
# Benmoxin

Benmoxin (trade names Neuralex, Nerusil), also known as mebamoxine, is an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class. It was synthesized in 1967 and was subsequently used as an antidepressant in Europe, but is now no longer marketed.
# Pium dictamen

The pium dictamen (plural pia dictamina), known in German as a Reimgebet or Leselied, is a Christian hymn for private devotion, generally rhyming and often using acrostics. The genre is highly variable. It includes "psalters" (psalteria) with 150 strophes and "rosaries" (rosaria) with 50. Another type was the "gloss song" (Glossenlied, prière glosée), in which a popular prayer was divided up by word, with each word be "glossed" by a stanza of commentary. They were popular in both Latin and the vernacular and were sometimes multilingual.
The hymn Stabat Mater was originally a pium dictamen.
# African Water and Sanitation Association

The African Water and Sanitation Association (AfWASA) is a professional association of "water and sanitation sector actors", on the African continent. Members include "water and sanitation utility companies, asset management companies, sanitation boards, regulators, private service providers, NGOs, researchers and professionals from academia, and public policy" among others.

## Location

The headquarters of AfWASA are located in Riviera Palmeraie, Cocody, in Abidjan the capital city of Ivory Coast.

## Overview

The association works in collaboration with many international development financial institutions and donors, including the World Bank, the United Nations, USAID, UNICEF, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the OPEC Fund for International Development, the African Development Bank and others. It is estimated that "350 million people are affected by its actions in the water and sanitation sectors".

## History

In February 1980, Zadi Kessy Marcel an Ivorian national, who at that time was the managing director of SODECI, the national water utility in Ivory Coast, organized the founding congress of the African Union of Water Suppliers (AUWS), with its headquarters in Liberia.
Between 1990 and 2000 many private service providers, asset management companies, regulators, water and sanitation boards joined the association. Over time, NGOs, researchers, academicians and public policy scholars became members.
In 2000 the African Union of Water Suppliers rebranded to the African Water Association (AfWA). In March 2021, the association's General Assembly voted to change its name again to the present one, to include sanitation. The new name came into effect on 20 February 2023 during the 20th International Congress and Exhibition of the AfWA, in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

## Governance

The President of the association is Silver Mugisha, the chief executive officer of National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), the national water and sewerage utility company in Uganda. Effective 1 January 2024, the executive director of AfWASA is François Olivier Gosso, an Ivorian general engineer, who succeeded Sylvain Usher, who served in that role from 1999 until 2023.

## Research grants

In 2024, AfWASA established research grants of US$1,000 each, available to young researchers in the fields pertinent to the association goals. Eligible candidates must be citizens of sub-Saharan African countries and enrolled in a master's degree program at a recognized university. The grants are funded by the African Development Bank.
# Lifehouse International Church Hong Kong

Lifehouse International Church Hong Kong is an English, Cantonese and Mandarin speaking church located in Jordan, Hong Kong.
It belongs to the Lifehouse International Church Global movement, under the leadership of Rod and Viv Plummer in Japan. Lifehouse International Church is Pentecostal church and a partner with the ARC Church Planting Network.

## History

In 2009, Lifehouse International Church Tokyo adopted a small church in Hong Kong, which then became Lifehouse International Church Hong Kong. In June 2011, Richard Welsh moved from Tokyo to Hong Kong to pastor the church under the leadership of Rod and Viv Plummer. Richard Welsh is a credentialed minister with the ACC.
In June 2013, Lifehouse International Church Hong Kong moved to Mong Kok and occupied the 11th floor of the Win Century Building on Mong Kok Road.
In January 2020, Lifehouse Hong Kong permanently relocated from Mong Kok to the 2/F and 11/F of Hub 8, on 239 Temple Street in Jordan, Kowloon.

## Church Services

Lifehouse International Church Hong Kong has bilingual services in English and Cantonese. There are in-person and online services every week. The church is located very close to Exit A of Jordan MTR station, on the Kowloon-side of Hong Kong.

## Lifehouse Kids

Lifehouse Kids is a children's program that is run both online and during some in-person services.
# Mikkel Kessler vs. Andre Ward

Mikkel Kessler vs. Andre Ward was a professional boxing match contested on 21 November 2009, for the WBA super middleweight championship. The bout was the final match in the first group stage of the Super Six World Boxing Classic, a tournament staged by Showtime to crown a unified world super middleweight champion and took place at Oracle Arena in Oakland, California.

## Background

Mikkel Kessler was making the third defense of the World Boxing Association championship he entered the tournament with. Kessler defeated Dimitri Sartison in June 2008 for the title Joe Calzaghe had defeated him for the previous fall; after defeating Kessler, Calzaghe vacated his super middleweight titles to campaign at light heavyweight. Ward was fighting in his first world title bout, after a victory against former two-time world title challenger Edison Miranda.

## The fight

Despite Kessler's status as the overall favorite, Ward was able to outpunch the champion and won a unanimous technical decision to win his first world championship. The fight was halted in the eleventh round after Kessler, who suffered cuts due to two controversial headbutts, was ruled unable to continue by the ringside doctor and as per the rules the final score was tabulated at the time of the stoppage. Ward was ahead 98–92, 98–92 and 97–93 at the time of the stoppage. Ward joined Calzaghe as the only fighters at the time to defeat Kessler.

## Aftermath

Following the victory, Ward led the Ring Magazine's rankings for super middleweights.

## Fight Card

The fight card included the following fights:

## Broadcasting

| Country | Broadcaster |
| Canada | Super Channel |
| Germany | MDR |
| Hungary | Sport 1 |
| United Kingdom | Primetime |
| United States | Showtime |
# Dexter Universalist Church

Dexter Universalist Church may refer to:
* Dexter Universalist Church (Dexter, Maine), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Penobscot County
* Dexter Universalist Church (Dexter, New York), listed on the NRHP in Jefferson County
# Duke Street Hospital

The Duke Street Hospital was a health facility on Duke Street in Glasgow, Scotland.

## History

Duke Street was originally a Poor Law hospital, commissioned by the Glasgow Parish Council. The facility, which was designed by Alfred Hessell Tiltman in the French Renaissance style, was opened as the Eastern District Hospital in September 1904, on the same day as the Western District Hospital at Oakbank in Maryhill and Stobhill Hospital in Springburn. A new maternity unit was completed in the 1940s and it joined the National Health Service in 1948. Physiotherapy and premature baby units were added in the 1960s.
When maternity services transferred to Rutherglen Maternity Hospital in 1977, the hospital became a geriatric facility. After services had transferred to Parkhead Hospital, it closed in 1992. The main building, which is Category B listed, was converted to residential use in the 2000s, having lain empty for some years.
# Pipe Dreams (Potluck album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| PopMatters | 6/10 |
| RapReviews | 7.5/10 |
Pipe Dreams is the fourth studio album by American hip hop duo Potluck. It was released on February 10, 2009 through Suburban Noize Records, marking the duo's second album for the label. Production was handled by member UnderRated, as well as Pharmacist Chris, Jeffrey Simmons Jr. and Chris Regan. It features guest appearances from Krizz Kaliko, Garth Vader, Kottonmouth Kings, Twiztid, Cool Nutz, Ishi Dube and James Boy.
The album debuted at number 30 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart in the United States.
A music video for the song "Stoner Bitch" was released on YouTube on February 3, 2009.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 30 |
# Platygyriella aurea

Platygyriella aurea is a species of moss belonging to the genus Platygyriella. It is found in Asia and only occurs in Nepal, India, and Laos.
# Drumquest

DrumQuest is a biannual contest for drummers held in Ukraine.

## History

DrumQuest was launched in March 2016 by Tobi "Medic Drums" Fatonade, (born Olutobi David Fatonade), a Nigerian drummer endorsed by Starsticks who is currently living and playing in Ukraine. DrumQuest brings together different, talented but previously unknown drummers for a contest to provide a platform for their exposure to the world. The winner also goes home with a prize.
DrumQuest, which is currently open to drummers of all ages, also provides an opportunity for young drummers to be mentored by established drummers. DrumQuest has grown to become a bi-annual event and has been touted by some media outlets as "Europe's Biggest Drumming Contest".

### First edition

The first edition of DrumQuest took place between 5 and 12 March 2016 and featured Alexander Lyulyakin, a drummer for Boombox and The Erised as one of the judges.
Fifteen drummers from all over Ukraine participated in the auditions. Oleg Noga, a twenty-year-old drummer, won the first edition of DrumQuest. In 2017, Noga moved to Poland to play with bands there.

### Second edition

The second edition of DrumQuest took place between 2 and 3 December 2016 at Dom Pechat in Kharkiv. At the grand finale, Daniel Varfomeleyev, a twelve-year-old drummer from Dnipropetrovsk, beat fifteen other drummers to win the contest.
For the second edition, Alexander Lyulyakin, the drummer for Boombox and the Erised, returned as a judge. He was joined by Paul Kholdyansky, the drummer for Prime Orchestra and Vadym Samosyuk of Los Samos. Anyanya Udongwo, musician and internet sensation famous for his rendition of "Hallelujah" at The Voice of Ukraine reality show 2014 (where he finished as a semi finalist), also performed as a guest artiste. The second edition was better than the first as more entertainment journalists covered the event.

### Upcoming edition

Plans are being made to hold another edition of DrumQuest by October 2017. More judges are expected to join the panel and more drummers have been invited.
# Pistol Mitralieră model 1996 RATMIL

The Pistol Mitralieră model 1996 RATMIL (also called the RATMIL model 96) is a blowback operated, folding stock submachine gun chambered in 9mm Luger used by the Romanian gendarmes. Initially developed as the 9mm PM md. 96, the developer's name, back then RATMIL, was added to the name, in order to distinguish it from the Assault SMG, also called PM md. 96.

## Design details

The RATMIL PM md. 96 submachine gun is a simple blowback weapon, firing from open bolt in full automatic or single shots. It features stamped steel receiver and short slotted barrel jacket, with muzzle compensator at the front. The manual safety / fire mode selector is patterned after Kalashnikov AK assault rifle. Weapon is fitted with side-folding metallic buttstock and a polymer furniture (pistol grip and short forend). Iron sights consist of the L-shaped flip-up rear (marked for 50 and 100 meters) and protected front sight.

## Users
### Romania

* Romanian Gendarmerie

## Gallery

* Back of a RATMIL SMG
* Front of a RATMIL SMG with magazine inserted
# Duminda Wijesekera

Duminda Wijesekera is an American computer scientist of Sri Lankan descent. He is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at George Mason University and acting chair of Cyber Security Engineering Department. He is also a visiting research scientist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). He has a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Minnesota (1997) and another PhD in Mathematical Logic from Cornell University (1990). He has a Bachelors in Mathematics from University of Colombo. He also holds a courtesy appointments at the Computer Science Department at the Naval Postgraduate School, NIST. He has published more than 100 research papers in the area of cybersecurity. He was also part of the team that investigated Metro Blue Line derailment in Washington DC.
Wijesekera also leads the Laboratory of Radio and RADAR Engineering (RARE) which is a collaboration between academia, industry and government. In 2007, he was named a Fellow of the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies. He is also considered to be an expert in identifying money laundering using mathematical models and has done research on linking organ trafficking to terrorist networks.

## Publications

* Michael, James Bret, Doron Drusinsky, and Duminda Wijesekera. "Formal Methods in Cyberphysical Systems." Computer 54, no. 09 (2021): 25–29.
* Wang, Lingyu, Duminda Wijesekera, and Sushil Jajodia. "A logic-based framework for attribute based access control." In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Formal methods in security engineering, pp. 45–55. 2004.
* Ammann, Paul, Duminda Wijesekera, and Saket Kaushik. "Scalable, graph-based network vulnerability analysis." In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 217–224. 2002.
* Lingyu Wang, Sushil Jajodia and Duminda Wijesekera, Preserving Privacy for OnLine Analytical processing, Springer-Verlag, 2006.
# Dumile

Dumile may refer to:
* Daniel Dumile (1971–2020), British rapper with stage name MF Doom
* Dumile Feni (1942–1991), South African contemporary visual artist
# Pisac District

Pisac District is one of eight districts of the province Calca in Peru.

## Geography

Some of the highest mountains of the district are listed below:
* Hatun Wayllarani
* Ichhunayuq
* Machu Kuntur Sinqa
* Ñustapata
* Pukayuq
* Q'ispi Urqu

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (72.23%) learnt to speak in childhood, 27.15% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).

## Climate

Climate data for Pisac, elevation 2,990 m (9,810 ft), (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.7 (72.9) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.9 (73.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) | 10.0 (50.0) | 9.7 (49.5) | 8.2 (46.8) | 6.1 (43.0) | 4.6 (40.3) | 4.2 (39.6) | 5.3 (41.5) | 7.5 (45.5) | 9.2 (48.6) | 9.8 (49.6) | 10.0 (50.0) | 7.9 (46.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 119.1 (4.69) | 99.8 (3.93) | 83.2 (3.28) | 26.4 (1.04) | 7.0 (0.28) | 4.6 (0.18) | 5.6 (0.22) | 6.3 (0.25) | 11.2 (0.44) | 39.7 (1.56) | 56.7 (2.23) | 99.3 (3.91) | 558.9 (22.01) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru ||||||||||||||
# Place du Panthéon

The Place du Panthéon is a square in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. Located in the Latin Quarter, it is named after and surrounds the Panthéon.
The Rue Soufflot, west of the Place du Panthéon, runs towards the Boulevard Saint-Michel. The Lycée Henri-IV, former Abbey of Saint Genevieve, is located east of the square, just south of Saint-Étienne-du-Mont.

## Gallery

* Main building of Panthéon-Assas University and Panthéon-Sorbonne University on the Place du Panthéon
* Mairie du V$^e$ arrondissement de Paris on the Place du Panthéon
* The Place du Panthéon c. 1900
* Sainte-Geneviève Library, Saint-Étienne-du-Mont, Henri-IV and the Panthéon, c. 1900
* Map of the Place du Panthéon