OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee cyber attacks

On Friday July 29, 2016 the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee reported that its computer systems had been infiltrated. It is strongly believed by US intelligence sources that the infiltrator groups are Russian foreign intelligence groups that breached the Democratic National Committee's computer systems. These groups are known as Fancy Bear and Cozy Bear (or "Sofacy").
CrowdStrike assisted with efforts to deal with the DCCC breach. There was significant concern that the Russian Government was attempting to influence the 2016 Presidential campaign. Russian cyber intrusions into United States government and private sector computer systems significantly increased after the U.S, imposed sanctions on Russia after its invasion of the Crimea in Ukraine. It was President Obama's preference to publicize cyber attacks.
# Denis-Constant Martin

Denis-Constant Martin (born 13 July 1947) is a French scholar.

## Biography

Martin, a graduate of the Institut d'études politiques de Paris and the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, is the holder of two doctorates, directed by Georges Balandier. From 1969 to 2008, he was research director at the Centre de recherches internationales [fr]. A researcher at the "Centre d'étude d'Afrique noire" of the Bordeaux University, he teaches political anthropology at the Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux and has also given courses in the music department of the Paris 8 University, but also, among others, in South Africa, Algeria, the United States and Kenya where in 1980 he founded and directed the "Institut de recherches en Afrique."

## Fields of research

Martin's work is mainly focused on two areas: Political sociology and Political anthropology, notably in Africa, and popular sociomusicology.

## Publications

* Aux sources du Reggae. Musique, société et politique en Jamaïque, éd. Parenthèses, 1982.
* Le Kenya, with Marie-Christine Martin, Que sais-je ?, 1983.
* L'Héritage de Kenyatta, L'Harmattan, 1985.
* Tanzanie, l'invention d'une culture politique, Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1988.
* Constellation, satellites, systèmes : enjeux régionaux, enjeux continentaux en Afrique Australe, Centre d'études d'Afrique noire, 1989.
* L'Amérique de Mingus, with Didier Levallet, Éditions P.O.L [fr], 1991.
* La découverte des cultures politiques : esquisse d'une approche comparatiste à partir des expériences africaines, Centre de recherches internationales, 1992.
* Les démocraties antillaises en crise, Éditions Karthala, 199
* Le gospel afro-américain : des spirituals au rap religieux, Actes Sud, 1998.
* Coon Carnival, New Year in Cape Town, Past and Present, David Philip Publishers, 1999.
* La France du jazz : musique, modernité et identité dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, éd. Parenthèses, 2002.
* Viewing the New South Africa, Representations of South Africa in Television Commercials, Institut français d'Afrique du Sud, 2006.
* Quand le rap sort de sa bulle. Sociologie politique d'un succès populaire (about Diam's), Éditions Mélanie Seteun / IRMA, 2010.

### Direction of studies

* Les Afriques politiques, with Christian Coulon, La Découverte [fr] publisher, 1991.
* Sortir de l'apartheid, Éditions Complexe [fr], 1992.
* Cartes d'identité, comment dit-on « nous » en politique ?, Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1994.
* Les nouveaux langages du politique en Afrique orientale, éditions Karthala, 1998.
* Sur la piste des OPNI (Objets politiques non identifiés), éd. Karthala, 2002.
* L'identité en jeux, pouvoirs, identifications, mobilisations, Karthala/Ceri, 2010.
# Denis-Nicolas Le Nourry

Denis-Nicolas Le Nourry (18 February 1647 – 24 March 1724) was a French Benedictine scholar of the Congregation of St-Maur, an ecclesiastical writer.

## Life

Le Nourry was born at Dieppe in Normandy. He received his first education from the priests of the Oratory at his Dieppe; then entered the Benedictine Order at Jumièges, 8 July 1665. After completing his theological studies and being ordained to the priesthood, he was sent to Rouen, and the Abbey of Bonnenouvelle. He died at the Abbey of St-Germain in Paris.

## Works

He assisted Jean Garet in publishing the writings of Cassiodorus (1679). For this he wrote the preface and the life of the author.
In the edition of the works of Ambrose he aided Jean du Chesne and Julien Bellaise at Rouen, and later Jacques Du Frische at Paris, where he spent the last forty years of his life. His major work is the "Apparatus ad bibliothecam maximam veterum patrum et antiquorum scriptorum", published at Paris in two volumes (1703 and 1715) as an aid to the study of the Lyon collection of the Church Fathers. In extensive dissertations he gives the biography of each writer; the occasion, design, scope, and genuineness of every writing; a history of the time in which the author lived; its dogmatical and moral tendency, and its struggles against heathenism or heresies. The work was well received.
In 1710 he edited the "Liber ad Donatum confessorem de mortibus persecutorum", and in a special dissertation tries hard to prove that the book was written by Lucius Caecilius and not by Lactantius. Besides these he edited the "Epitome institutionum divinarum" of Lactantius, the "Expositum de die paschae et mensis" of Quintus Julius Hilarianus, and a fragment of "De origine generis humani".
# Democratic Space

Democratic Space (Spazio Democratico, SD) is a Christian-democratic faction within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy.
It was launched in February 2015 by a group of leading Christian democrats, mainly Christian leftists in the tradition of Giuseppe Dossetti and Giorgio La Pira, who supported Matteo Renzi's leadership. They notably included Graziano Delrio, Lorenzo Guerini, Matteo Richetti and Angelo Rughetti.
# Paul W. Davenport

Paul W. Davenport is an American physiologist, focusing in the relationship between respiratory mechanics and the neural mechanisms of respiratory sensation, currently a Distinguished Professor at University of Florida.
# Paul D. Carter

Paul D. Carter (born 1980) is an Australian teacher and author. In 2012, he won The Australian/Vogel Literary Award for his first novel Eleven Seasons.

## Life

Paul D. Carter was born in Melbourne, Victoria, and grew up supporting the Collingwood Football Club. He completed a Bachelor of Arts at Deakin University in 2001.

## Literary career

During his PhD studies at Deakin University, D. Carter started to work on his first novel, which took nine years to complete. Published in 2012, Eleven Seasons is a coming-of-age story about a young Australian rules footballer, Jason Dalton, growing up in suburban Melbourne during the 1980s and 90s. The novel explores the role football, family and relationships play in shaping the protagonist's identity.

## Works

Novels
* Eleven Seasons (2012)

## Awards and nominations

* 2012: The Australian/Vogel Literary Award for Eleven Seasons
# Pauletta

Pauletta is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Hubertson Pauletta (born 1989), Dutch Antillean footballer
* Ivan Pauletta (1936–2017), Istrian Italian politician, journalist and writer active in Croatia
# Paul Rohrbach (botanist)

Paul Rohrbach (June 9, 1846 – June 6, 1871) was a German botanist born in Berlin. He wrote on orchids before dying in his 20s.

## Background

Rohrbach studied the sciences at the University of Göttingen, where one of his instructors was August Grisebach. He later studied botany under Alexander Braun at the University of Berlin. Braun was an important influence on Rohrbach's research in the fields of comparative morphology and systematics.
While a student Rohrbach published a work on the orchid genus Epipogium titled Über den Blüthenbau und die Befruchtung von Epipogium Gmelini. He was also the author of a treatise on the genus Silene called Monographie der Gattung Silene. He died in Berlin of lung disease a few days before his 25th birthday.
# Demogorgon (disambiguation)

Demogorgon is an artificial pagan god or demon invented by Christian scholars, possibly as the result of a transcription error.
Demogorgon may also refer to:
* Demogorgon (Dungeons & Dragons), a demon prince in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game
* Demogorgon (Stranger Things), a fictional monster named after but not especially similar to the Dungeons and Dragons demon
* Demogorgon, a horror novel by Brian Lumley
* Demogorgon, an invalid genus name used for earwigs presently in the genus Labidura
# Demographic center of Sweden

The demographic center of a country is the point to which the cumulative distance the registered population would have to travel is the smallest, were they all to meet at a single location. As the population distribution of a country changes, the demographic center will move. In Sweden, Statistics Sweden (Statistiska Centralbyrån, or SCB) calculates the official demographic center, using a weighted mean population per property, by geographical coordinates.
The calculation of the actual location of the central point as carried out by Statistics Sweden in 2007 determined Hjortkvarn as the location of Sweden's demographic center. The same calculation done in 1989 had resulted in naming Svennevad the central point. Both places are in the municipality of Hallsberg, Örebro County. Over the 18 years between the calculations the center moved a few kilometres to the south, due to a decreasing population in northern Sweden and an increasing population in the south.
| Year | Location | Municipality | County |
| 1989 | Svennevad | Hallsberg | Örebro County |
| 2007 | Hjortkvarn | Hallsberg | Örebro County |
# Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)

The Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (DCOAS) in Pakistan holds the rank of Lieutenant-General and serves as Principal Staff Officer (PSO) of the Pakistan Army. They report directly to the Vice Chief of the Army Staff and occupy a crucial three-star rank position. Assisting the Chief of Army Staff, the Deputy Chief of Army Staff holds the third most important military position in the Pakistan Army. Their responsibilities encompass strategic planning, decision-making, and the overall management of the army.

## History

The position of Deputy Chief of Army Staff (DCOAS) in Pakistan had persisted since the era of the previous military ruler, Zia-ul Haq. It was first officially established in May 2001 as the Principal Staff Officer of the Pakistan army by then Chief Executive of Pakistan General Parvez Musharraf after the 1999 military takeover.
The post of the Deputy Chief of the army staff is the third most senior position and the appointment holder is a three-star general. To date, only one Deputy COAS has been appointed and that is Lt. General Muzaffar Hussain Usmani who was appointed as Deputy Chief on 3 May 2001 by then Chief executive and COAS General Pervez Musharraf.
During Usmani's time as Deputy COAS held the rank of a three-star general and occupied the second-highest military position in the Pakistan Army. Gen. Musharraf's decision to appoint him was seen as a means to consolidate his own authority and potentially pave the way for his ascension to the presidency of Pakistan. However, their relationship soured over time, leading to Lt. Gen. Usmani's removal from the position in 2002.

## Appointees

Mentioned below is the only person to serve as Deputy Chief of Army Staff
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Unit of commission | Ref. |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Unit of commission | Ref. | Notes |
| 1 | | Lieutenant General Muzaffar Hussain Usmani HI(M) (1966–2020) | 17 May 2001 | 8 October 2001 | 144 days | 10 Frontier Force Regiment | | |
# Paxiúba

Paxiúba may refer to:

## Geography

* Paxiúba River, a tributary of the Aripuanã River in Mato Grosso, Brazil

## Plants

* Socratea exorrhiza
* Iriartea
# Desemzia

Desemzia is a bacterial genus from the family of Carnobacteriaceae, with one known species (Desemzia incerta).
# Denis Bryant

Denis William Bryant DFC (31 January 1918 – 9 August 2005) was a Royal Air Force Officer and then an Anglican bishop in Australia in the third quarter of the 20th century.

## Early life

He was born on 31 January 1918, and educated at Cardiff University. His father Tom was a well-known harpist and kept the Carpenters' Arms public house in Efail Isaf.

## Air Force

Bryant served in the RAF both during the War and afterwards. In 1942 he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. He was appointed Pilot Officer in 1943, Flying Officer in 1946 and Flight Lieutenant in 1948. He had a conversion experience whilst flying a plane, and proceeded to ordination.

## Church

After training for ordination at Queen’s College, Birmingham, Bryant was ordained in the Diocese of Guildford, as deacon in 1958 and priest in 1959. He served curacies at St Thomas-on-the-Bourne, Farnham, (1958-1960) and St Mary the Virgin, Cuddington, Worcester Park (1960-1961).
Having seen an advertisement in the church press for priests to serve in the remote and sparsely-populated Australian Diocese of Kalgoorlie he became Rector of St Andrew's, Esperance (1961-1967). His new parish extended 200 miles north to south, and 65 east to west. During his incumbency, he replaced the galvanised iron church with a new building, which was opened in 1964. In 1966 he was additionally appointed as Archdeacon of the Goldfields.
He was consecrated a bishop on 30 November 1967 at St George's Cathedral, Perth, to become the 4th Bishop of Kalgoorlie. With closure of the goldfields, however, he realised that his diocese was no longer viable as a separate entity, and asked the Archbishop of Perth to reabsorb it, which occurred in 1973.
After merger, he then served in parish ministry in Perth as Rector of St John the Evangelist, Northam (1973–1975) and St Lawrence's, Dalkeith (1975–1985), as well as being an Assistant Bishop of Perth.

## Personal life

He was married to Linda, and had a daughter. They both predeceased him. He died in 2005, aged 87.
# Paula Vaccaro

Paula Vaccaro is a British-Italian film producer, scriptwriter and journalist.

## Biography

Paula Vaccaro grew up in Argentina and has lived and worked in Spain, and, since 2000, the UK. As a producer she has worked in films involving international filmmakers such as Emir Kusturica, Guillermo Arriaga, Sara Driver, Jim Jarmusch, Oliver Stone, Sally Potter, Amos Gitai, Aaron Brookner, Edoardo De Angelis and Victoria Solano. She has produced documentaries and fiction films as well as TV documentaries and music videos. Before becoming a film producer, she was a journalist in her native Argentina.

## Filmography

As Producer
* Diciannove, directed by Giovanni Tortorici, 2024
* Sumercé, directed by Victoria Solano, 2019
* On the Milky Road, directed by Emir Kusturica, 2016
* Uncle Howard, directed by Aaron Brookner, 2016
* Words with Gods, segment Our Life directed by Emir Kusturica, 2014
* Burroughs, directed by Howard Brookner, 2014 remaster
* The Silver Goat, directed by Aaron Brookner, 2012
As Executive Producer
* Ginger & Rosa, directed by Sally Potter, 2012
* Mozzarella Stories, directed by Edoardo De Angelis, 2011
As Head of Production
* Maradona by Kusturica, directed by Emir Kusturica, 2008
# Peak Seven

Peak Seven (69°41′S 64°42′E﻿ / ﻿69.683°S 64.700°E﻿ / -69.683; 64.700) is a peak 5 nautical miles (9 km) west-northwest of Summers Peak in the Stinear Nunataks in Mac. Robertson Land. Discovered by an ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) southern party (1954) led by R.G. Dovers. It was the farthest south reached by them. The name was given as a code name in the field and has since been used by later parties.
# Peanut paste

Peanut paste is a product of peanuts used in sauces, cookies, crackers (and other baked goods), breakfast cereals and ice cream.
'Peanut paste' is the main ingredient in some peanut butter recipes.

## Method

Peanut paste is obtained by several methods in which raw peanuts are roasted, blanched, and ground to create the peanut paste.

## Distinction from peanut butter

The distinction between peanut paste and peanut butter is not always clear cut in ordinary use.

### Food labelling in Australia

The term has been used in Queensland, Australia, as a synonym for peanut butter. This followed pressure from dairy farmers who did not want peanut butter competing with butter for market share.
The product was known in Western Australia and South Australia for many years as peanut paste because, by definition, butter is a dairy product. The same product was available in other states as peanut butter. Manufacturers complained about having to produce different labels for different states and the Western Australian government changed the rules on the use of the word butter to allow for one set of labels.

### As ingredient of peanut butter

Peanut butter may be made from peanut paste mixed with a stabilizing agent, a sweetening agent, salt, and optionally, an emulsifying agent. In such formulas, peanut paste acts as the main ingredient in peanut butter, from 75% to as much as 99% of the recipe. Peanut butter is mainly known for being sold as a spread, and peanut paste is regularly sold to be used as an ingredient in cookies, cakes and a number of other retail food products.
# Der Bastian

Der Bastian is a West German television series written by Barbara Noack, broadcast in 13 episodes in 1973 on ZDF.
# Derwent Floodwash

Derwent Floodwash is a 1.8 hectare Local Nature Reserve and Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II, in Morden Park in the London Borough of Merton. It is owned by the London Borough of Wandsworth and managed by Merton Council. The site borders Pyl Brook, and it is designed to store flood waters when the brook overflows, preventing flooding of properties downstream.
The Floodwash is a wet meadow which has uncommon flower species, such as spiked sedge and grass vetchling. Ponds have been created around the edges, which support dragonflies in the summer.
There is access from Derwent Road.
# Pectis cylindrica

Pectis cylindrica, the Sonoran cinchweed, is an annual plant and species of Pectis. Pectis cylindrica is native to the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico and Texas) and in northwestern Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Sonora).
Pectis cylindrica is similar to Pectis prostrata and the two occasionally grow together. Some herbaria contain mixed collections of the two although no evidence is available of hybrids between them.
# Desire (2000 film)

Desire is a Canada/Germany treaty coproduction drama film, released in 2000. It was directed and written by Colleen Murphy produced by Elizabeth Yake (Canada) and Eberhard Junkersdorf (Germany). The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.

## Plot

The film stars Zachary Bennett as Francis Waterson, an aspiring concert pianist, and Katja Riemann as Halley Fischer, an elementary school teacher with whom Francis enters a romantic relationship.

## Awards and nominations

The film garnered two Genie Award nominations at the 22nd Genie Awards, with a Best Actress nod for Katja Riemann and a Best Actor nomination for Zachary Bennett.
# Derecikören, Gölpazarı

Derecikören is a village in the Gölpazarı District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 24 (2021).
# Derecik District

Derecik District is a district in Hakkâri Province in Turkey. The district was created from Şemdinli in 2018 and has four villages. The district had a population of 25,907 in 2023. Its area is 435 km$^2$.
The district is populated by Kurds of the Gerdî tribe with the Begzade tribe present in one village.
It borders the Erbil Governorate of Kurdistan Region in Iraq to the south and the local Gerdî tribe shares closer traditions and customs with the Gerdî Kurds residing on the Iraqi side than the Kurds of Yüksekova and Hakkâri.

## Settlements

The main town of the district is Derecik (Rûbarok).
The four villages of the district:
* Anadağ (Bêruh)
* Gelişen (Gerdî Şapatan)
* Ortaklar (Bêsusin)
* Ulaşan (Zerin)
* Uslu (Hordin)
The sixteen hamlets of the district:
* Adıgüzel
* Akören (Bêşan)
* Aralık (Parewê)
* Bağlıca (Mamreşan)
* Beğendik
* Beşikağaç (Nihave)
* Bölek (Serekanî)
* Gökçetaş (Musekan)
* Karakoç (Sunê)
* Koryürek (Bêgijnê)
* Kütüklu (Zewyarezi)
* Mordağ (Dêrkê)
* Ormancık (Bêgalte)
* Örencık (Benavok)
* Suçıktı (Bêlutyan)
* Taşlıçay (Çemena geli)
* Toklu
* Yeşilova (Îsyan)

## Population

Population history of the district from 2018 to 2023:
# Deserticossus danilevskyi

Deserticossus danilevskyi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Kazakhstan.
The length of the forewings is 17–22 mm.
# Deserticossus curdus

Deserticossus curdus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Iraq.
The length of the forewings is about 20 mm.
# Deraeocoris poecilus

Deraeocoris poecilus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America.
# Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford

The Department of Peace Studies is an academic department established in 1973 at the University of Bradford in Bradford, United Kingdom. It was the first peace studies department established in any British university. As of 2018, it claims to be the world's largest university research centre for the study of peace and conflict. Activities of the centre include studies of peace processes, international relations, security studies, conflict resolution, development and teaching in these fields.

## History

An idea for a School of Peace Studies dates to 1964, two years before the establishment of the University of Bradford. When they were devising the charter of statutes, Ted Edwards and Robert McKinlay, the university's first vice-chancellor and pro-vice chancellor, agreed that they would establish such a school when the opportunity arose. Later in the 1960s, the Society of Friends approached a number of universities with similar ideas, and Bradford proved to be the only one prepared to fund such an initiative. With 10 weeks of the launch of a public appeal in 1971, the required £75,000 to found the centre had been raised, with contributions coming from figures including Harold Wilson, J.B. Priestley, Yehudi Menuhin and Benjamin Britten. The university matched the funding.
The first cohort of Master's students joined the department in 1974.
During the 1980s, some Conservative Party politicians questioned whether peace studies was an appropriate academic subject and considered the Department of Peace Studies a front for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Margaret Thatcher is reported to have asked "Has that peace studies problem been dealt with yet?" and Peter Swinnerton-Dyer, chair of the University Grants Committee (UGC), was tasked with investigating the department. The UGC gave the department "a clean bill of health".

## Notable alumni and students

* Saeb Erekat, Palestinian politician and diplomat
* Lindis Percy, peace activist.
* Lloyd Russell-Moyle, Labour MP.
* Robert Swindells, author.
* Sadegh Zibakalam (PhD 1989), Iranian professor, writer and political analyst.

## Past and present faculty

* Prathivadi Anand (Head of Department)
* Haleh Afshar
* Gabor Batonyi
* Adam Curle
* Uri Davis
* Michael Harbottle
* Baruch Hirson
* Aki Orr
* Munro Price
* Michael Randle
* Paul Rogers
* Saleem Shahzad
* Hilary Wainwright
* Tom Woodhouse
* Nigel Young

## Tolstoy Cup

The Tolstoy Cup is an annual football match played between the students of the Department of Peace Studies at the University of Bradford and the Department of War Studies at King's College London since 1995. The rivalry between 'Peace Studies' and 'War Studies' was featured on the Financial Times list of "Great college sports rivalries". The competition is named after War and Peace, the 1869 novel written by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy. The "trophy" is a framed copy of the book. It is kept by the department of the current winners.