# Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus

The Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, or Oracc, is an ongoing project designed to make the corpus of cuneiform compositions from the ancient Near East available online and accessible to users. The project, created by Steve Tinney of the University of Pennsylvania, incorporates a number of sub-projects, including online publications of lemmatized texts in different genres, as well as extensive annotations and other tools for studying and learning about the ancient Near East. The sub-projects are directed by individual scholars specializing in the relevant topic. The overall project is led by a steering committee of Tinney, Eleanor Robson of Cambridge University, and Niek Veldhuis of the University of California, Berkeley.

## Projects

Oracc currently includes several different kinds of projects. Some gather and present historical information for studying certain areas of ancient Near Eastern life or scholarship, including projects designed to contextualize specific textual corpora ("portals"). Others provide interfaces for searching corpora. These usually incorporate full transliterations and translations of texts in a given corpus, and many offer supplementary material such as an introduction to the corpus, discussion of its historical context, and interpretive syntheses of its content. A few other projects serve as research tools for Assyriological studies (dictionary, sign list).

### Historical and cultural background

| Project Name | Description | Director |
| AEB: Assyrian Empire Builders | A portal providing context for the letters of the Neo-Assyrian king Sargon II and his administrative officials, with links to the relevant texts in Oracc's SAAo project. | Karen Radner at University College London (funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council) |
| AMGG: Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses | Provides thorough, encyclopedia-style articles on the major gods and goddesses of Mesopotamia. | Nicole Brisch (funded by the UK Higher Education Academy, 2011) |
| K&P: Knowledge and Power in the Neo-Assyrian Empire | A portal providing context for and interpretations of scholarly letters, queries and reports from the Neo-Assyrian capital of Nineveh, with links to the relevant texts in Oracc’s SAAo project | Karen Radner at University College London and Eleanor Robson at the University of Cambridge (funded by the UK Higher Education Academy, 2007–10) |
| Nimrud: Materialities of Assyrian Knowledge Production | An ongoing project intended to provide a collection of online resources concerning the ancient Assyrian city of Kalhu (modern Nimrud) and to create "biographies" of objects from the site. | Eleanor Robson at the University of Cambridge (funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council) |

### Textual corpora

| Project Name | Description | Director |
| Amarna: The Amarna Texts | Provides searchable transliterations of the cuneiform texts found at Tell el-Amarna. | Contributed by Shlomo Izre'el |
| CAMS: Corpus of Ancient Mesopotamian Scholarship | Offers searchable editions of texts, divided into sub-projects (some of which also include contextual information and interpretations). Texts and corpora include the Epic of Anzu (project title Anzu); the Akkadian poem Ludlul bēl nēmeqi (project title Ludlul); texts on extispicy (project title Barutu); scholarly texts from four ancient “libraries” (project title Geography of Knowledge in Assyria and Babylonia, or GKAB) and Seleucid building inscriptions (project title Seleucid Building Inscriptions, or SelBI). | various scholars |
| CDLI: The Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative | Interface for searching transliterations of texts on the CDLI website (a project designed to make images and text of cuneiform documents available online). | Bob Englund at University of California, Los Angeles |
| CTIJ: Cuneiform Texts Mentioning Israelites, Judeans, and Other Related Groups | Provides searchable list of cuneiform texts relating to Israelite, Judean, and related population groups dating to the mid-first millennium BCE. Also offers a brief historical background to the topic. | Ran Zadok and Yoram Cohen (funded by the "Ancient Israel" (New Horizons) Research Program of Tel Aviv University) |
| DCCLT: Digital Corpus of Cuneiform Lexical Texts | Provides searchable, lemmatized transliterations of cuneiform lexical lists, as well as contextual information about the genre and specific lists. | Niek Veldhuis at University of California, Berkeley (supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities) |
| DCCMT: Digital Corpus of Cuneiform Mathematical Texts | Provides searchable transliterations and translations of cuneiform mathematical texts, as well as a brief introduction to the genre and tables of Mesopotamian measurements. | Eleanor Robson at the University of Cambridge |
| ETCSRI: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions | Provides searchable, lemmatized transliterations and translations of Sumerian royal inscriptions, with an introduction to the material and thorough explanations of the lemmatization/glossing methodology. | Gábor Zólyomi at Eötvos Loránd University, Budapest (funded by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)) |
| HBTIN: Hellenistic Babylonia: Texts, Iconography, Names | Provides tools for studying individuals in Hellenistic Mesopotamian society, including: transliterations and translations of Hellenistic legal documents from Uruk and Babylon and links to the Hellenistic scholarly texts published in GKAB (see above under CAMS); images of seal impressions on Hellenistic Uruk legal documents; and information about individual names, and families. | Laurie Pearce at University of California, Berkeley. |
| Qcat: The Q Catalogue | An ongoing project listing and transliterating compositions in the Oracc corpus. This is different from Xcat and CDLI in that it lists abstract compositions, which can be preserved in many copies, rather than the physical tablets on which copies of a composition were written (e.g., it lists the story "Gilgameš, Enkidu and the nether world" as a single entry, even though many copies of this composition exist. | Eleanor Robson at the University of Cambridge |
| RINAP: Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period | Provides searchable, lemmatized transliterations and translations of Neo-Assyrian royal inscriptions, along with indices and contextual historical information. | Grant Frame at the University of Pennsylvania (funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities) |
| SAAo: State Archives of Assyria Online | Provides searchable transliterations and translations of the compositions published in the series State Archives of Assyria, which include many corpora of Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian texts. | various scholars (transliterations and translations from the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, directed by Simo Parpola) |
| Xcat: The X Catalogue | Designed to be “a global registry of cuneiform manuscripts, supplementary to CDLI”. This and CDLI are different from Qcat in that they list individual, physical tablets rather than abstract compositions (e.g., they have a separate entry for each written copy of the composition "Gilgameš, Enkidu and the nether world"). | Eleanor Robson at the University of Cambridge |

### Other projects

| Project Name | Description | Director |
| ePSD: electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary | An online dictionary of the Sumerian language. | Steve Tinney at the University of Pennsylvania (funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities) |
| OGSL: Oracc Global Sign List | Aimed at providing "a global registry of sign names, variants and readings for use by Oracc". | Niek Veldhuis at University of California, Berkeley |