OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Norleucine

Norleucine (abbreviated as Nle) is an amino acid with the formula CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_3$CH(NH$_2$)CO$_2$H. A systematic name for this compound is 2-aminohexanoic acid. The compound is an isomer of the more common amino acid leucine. Like most other α-amino acids, norleucine is chiral. It is a white, water-soluble solid.

## Occurrence

Together with norvaline, norleucine is found in small amounts in some bacterial strains where its concentration can approach millimolar. Its biosynthesis has been examined. It arises via the action of 2-isopropylmalate synthase on α-ketobutyrate. The incorporation of Nle into peptides reflects the imperfect selectivity of the associated aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. In Miller–Urey experiments probing prebiotic synthesis of amino acids, norleucine and especially norvaline are formed.

## Uses

It is nearly isosteric with methionine, even though it does not contain sulfur. For this reason, norleucine has been used to probe the role of methionine in Amyloid-β peptide (AβP) the central constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. A study showed that with the substitution of the methionine at the 35 position with norleucine the neurotoxic effects of the Aβ peptides were completely negated.
# Percival Street

Percival Street is a street in the East Point and Happy Valley, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The street spans from Gloucester Road in the north to Leighton Road in the south. Between Hennessy Road and Leighton Road, the street is with a branch of Hong Kong Tramways leading to Happy Valley. It is estimated that on average the annual rent per square feet for retailing here is US$2300 annually on average, second to US$2500 in Fifth Avenue, United States. It is also one of the major streets occupied during Occupy movement in 2014.

## History

The road was named after Alexander Perceval, a 19th-century tai-pan of Jardine Matheson. The land of the present-day Times Square was a tram depot at Matheson Street. Trams returned to the depot via Perceval Street and Russell Street. Another historical building was the Lee Theatre. It was later demolished to build Lee Theatre Plaza shopping centre.

## Shopping

Apart from Lee Theatre Plaza, two shopping centres Causeway Bay Plaza 1 and Causeway Bay Plaza 2 are also located along the road.
# Paderborner Brauerei

Brauerei Paderborner is a brewery in the German city of Paderborn. The traditional Westphalian brewery was purchased by the German brewery-major Warsteiner in 1990.

## The Paderborner beer range

The Paderborner brewery was founded in 1852. Since 1990 it has been part of the Warsteiner brewery group.
There are two different sorts of Paderborner. The first is simply called "Paderborner Pilsener" and has a rather herbal taste with an unusual sweetness which is actually hops. Paderborner Pilsener Export has a reputation for being of lower quality but also a compromise between price and amount of alcohol (since it has a barely larger amount of alcohol).
The second type is called Paderborner Gold and has a much fresher taste. It is a more recent variety than the original Paderborner Pilsener which has been brewed in this area for over 100 years. It was developed when the big Warsteiner company bought the small local brewery of Paderborn.
Paderborner Gold is the favoured beer for all official festivities in the area.
The Paderborner brewery also offers mixed beers, namely with Cola and Lemon.
An attempt to copy the famous "Alt" beer (famous from Düsseldorf) was also made in 2008, named "Paderborner Alt"
The city of Paderborn is home to a great many festivals, including the Schützenfest ("shooting club festival") and the Libori festival.
* Paderborner Export
* Paderborner Pilsener
# Biga District

Biga District is a district of the Çanakkale Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city of Biga. Its area is 1,310 km$^2$, and its population is 91,537 (2021).

## Composition

There are three municipalities in Biga District:
* Biga
* Gümüşçay
* Karabiga
There are 108 villages in Biga District:
* Abdiağa
* Adliye
* Ağaköy
* Ahmetler
* Akkayrak
* Akköprü
* Akpınar
* Aksaz
* Akyaprak
* Ambaroba
* Arabaalan
* Arabakonağı
* Aşağıdemirci
* Ayıtdere
* Aziziye
* Bahçeli
* Bakacak
* Bakacaklıçiftliği
* Balıklıçeşme
* Bekirli
* Bezirganlar
* Bozlar
* Çakırlı
* Camialan
* Çelikgürü
* Çeltik
* Çeşmealtı
* Cihadiye
* Çınardere
* Çınarköprü
* Çömlekçi
* Danişment
* Değirmencik
* Dereköy
* Dikmen
* Doğancı
* Eğridere
* Elmalı
* Emirorman
* Eskibalıklı
* Eybekli
* Gemicikırı
* Geredelli
* Gerlengeç
* Geyikkırı
* Göktepe
* Güleç
* Gündoğdu
* Gürçeşme
* Gürgendere
* Güvemalan
* Hacıhüseyinyaylası
* Hacıköy
* Hacıpehlivan
* Harmanlı
* Havdan
* Hisarlı
* Hoşoba
* İdriskoru
* Ilıcabaşı
* İlyasalanı
* Işıkeli
* İskenderköy
* Kahvetepe
* Kalafat
* Kaldırımbaşı
* Kanibey
* Kapanbeleni
* Karaağaç
* Karacaali
* Karahamzalar
* Karapürçek
* Kaşıkçıoba
* Katrancı
* Kayapınar
* Kaynarca
* Kazmalı
* Kemer
* Kepekli
* Kocagür
* Kozçeşme
* Koruoba
* Örtülüce
* Osmaniye
* Otlukdere
* Ovacık
* Paşaçayı
* Pekmezli
* Ramazanlar
* Şakirbey
* Sarıca
* Sarıkaya
* Sarısıvat
* Sarnıçköy
* Savaştepe
* Sazoba
* Selvi
* Sığırcık
* Sinekçi
* Şirinköy
* Tokatkırı
* Türkbakacak
* Yanıç
* Yeniçiftlik
* Yenimahalle
* Yeşilköy
* Yolindi
* Yukarıdemirci
# Shook, Missouri

Shook is an unincorporated community in Wayne County, Missouri, United States. The community is located on the West Fork Lost Creek arm of Lake Wappapello along Missouri Route D, approximately sixteen miles north of Poplar Bluff.
The Shook post office was in operation from 1904 to 1999. The community has the name of George Shook, an early settler.
# Camp Township, Renville County, Minnesota

Camp Township is a township in Renville County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 207 at the time of the 2000 census. Camp Township was organized in 1867.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 28.5 square miles (74 km$^2$), of which 28.5 square miles (74 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km$^2$) (0.14%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 207 people, 91 households, and 54 families residing in the township. The population density was 7.3 people per square mile (2.8/km$^2$). There were 96 housing units at an average density of 3.4/sq mi (1.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.07% White, 0.48% Pacific Islander, and 1.45% from two or more races.
There were 91 households, out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 2.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the township the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 129.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $32,500, and the median income for a family was $37,813. Males had a median income of $27,344 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,422. None of the families and 3.4% of the population were living below the poverty line.
# Anthony Christian Dadzie

Anthony Christian Dadzie (9 July 1962) was the Member of Parliament for Abura Asebu Kwamankese in the Central region of Ghana from 2009 to 2016.

## Early life and education

Dadzie was born on 9 July 1962 in Amosima in the Central region. He attended University of Cape Coast where he obtained a diploma in Business Studies in 2006. He further went to GIMPA where he had EMPA in 2011.

## Career

Dadzie is a member of National Democratic Congress. He became a member of Parliament in 2009. He was a member of the Health and Judiciary committees, Transport Committee and Communications Committee of Parliament of Ghana. He is also served as a board member for National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI) He is an accountant and Financial Officer. He was the Principal Accounting Assistant for Cape Coast Quarry.

## Politics

Dadzie first became a member of the Parliament of Ghana in 2009. However, in 2016, he contested in the National Democratic Congress(NDC) parliamentary elections and lost to Samuel Kweku Hayford who then represented the NDC in the 2016 general Elections but also lost to New Patriotic Party's Elvis Morris Donkoh.

## Personal life

Dadzie is a Christian (Catholic) and he is married with four children.
# Neoca 2s

The Neoca 2S is a 35mm rangefinder camera made in Japan in 1955 and 1956. It has a dual-stroke advance lever and a central shutter; neither feature is typical for this kind of camera. The lens is a Neokor anastigmat f=45mm/3.5.
Shutter speeds are B and 1 sec to 1/300s. Depth of field is indicated on the lens barrel. The distance scale is in metres. It has no exposure meter. Users on internet newsgroups report the camera scratches their film.
# Blanching (horticulture)

Blanching is a technique used in vegetable growing. Young shoots of a plant are covered to exclude light to prevent photosynthesis and the production of chlorophyll, and thus remain pale in color. Different methods used include covering with soil (hilling or earthing up) or with solid materials such as board or terracotta pots, or growing the crop indoors in darkened conditions. Blanched vegetables generally tend to have a more delicate flavor and texture compared to those that are not blanched, but blanching can also cause the vegetables to be lower in vitamin A.

## Examples

Vegetables that are usually blanched include:
* Cardoon
* Celery
* Chicory (Chicorium intybus), or common chicory, in the United States also called 'endive' (the common name for Chicorium endivia). Many varieties do not need artificial blanching because the outer leaves sufficiently protect the inner ones from light, such as 'sugar loaf' types, or because both their natural colour and bitterness are appreciated, like radicchio of which the red colour depends on the duration of exposure. Cultivars that require blanching may need 'forcing' the growth by (controlled) exposure of the crown. This is the case for Belgian endive (though it is not a botanical endive, but a chicory), also referred to by its names in French, chicon, and Dutch, witlof.
* Good King Henry (Chenopodium bonus-henricus)
* Leek
* Potato
* Sea kale (Crambe maritima)
Vegetables that are sometimes blanched include:
* Alexanders
* Asparagus grows stems that can be consumed naturally green, while young. Blanching cultivars by hilling results in the stem remaining white.
* Cabbage
* Dandelion
* Endive
* Lettuce
* Lovage
* Rhubarb
# Non-lock concurrency control

In Computer Science, in the field of databases, non-lock concurrency control is a concurrency control method used in relational databases without using locking.
There are several non-lock concurrency control methods, which involve the use of timestamps on transaction to determine transaction priority:
# Director of Chancery

The office of Director of Chancery (or Chancellory), the keeper of the Quarter Seal of Scotland, was formerly a senior position within the legal system of Scotland. The medieval post, latterly an office at General Register House, Edinburgh, was abolished by the Reorganisation of Offices (Scotland) Act 1928 and provision made for the functions to be transferred to the Keeper of the Registers and Records of Scotland, the Principal Extractor of the Court of Session, the Sheriff Clerk of Chancery and the sheriff clerks of counties.
The Scottish chancery was responsible for draughting, issuing and recording royal charters (e.g. charters of novodamus), patents of dignities (see Letters patent), gifts of offices, remissions, legitimations, presentations, commissions, brieves (brief warrants) and others crown writs appointed to pass the Great Seal or the Quarter Seal of Scotland.
The quarter seal of Scotland is now kept by the Keeper of the Registers of Scotland.

## Office holders

* James Colville (died 1540), administrator, lord of session, and diplomat
* Thomas Bellenden of Auchnoule (c. 1485 – c. 1547), ambassador to England
* John Bellenden (c. 1510 – 1576), Lord Justice Clerk
* George Buchanan (1506–1582), historian and humanist scholar
* John Scot, Lord Scotstarvit (1585–1670), judge and satirist
# Palace of Czartoryski-Dzieduszycki

Palace of Czartoryski-Dzieduszycki is a historic building in Yabluniv of the Kopychyntsi Hromada of the Chortkiv Raion of the Ternopil Oblast.

## History

It was built in 1820. From that time, a masterfully crafted staircase with railings by the master Ivan Shastkov has been preserved.
In 1884, Ivan Franko and Volodyslav Fedorovych stayed in the two-story mansion of the landowner Czartoryski. The writer worked in the library with documents and materials about the Ukrainian patriotic Fedorovych family.
In 1991, a memorial plaque to Ivan Franko was installed on the facade of the palace.
Near the estate there are four ponds and an old park, which was laid out in the 1840s by the Dzieduszyckis, who invited specialists from France. Today, the area has a beech alley, centuries-old trees: Manchurian walnut, purple beech, American pines, a 200-year-old small-leaved linden, and two poplars 150–200 years old.
# Cephalotes persimilis

Cephalotes persimilis is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head, and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. Giving their name also as gliding ants.
# Charles Washington Baird

Charles Washington Baird (August 28, 1828 – February 10, 1887) was a prominent 19th-century American Presbyterian minister and historian.

## Early life and education

Born in Princeton, New Jersey, he was the second son to the evangelical Presbyterian historian Rev. Robert Baird, master of the Latin school in Princeton, New Jersey. He went to Europe in 1835 with his father, when the elder Baird went to represent the Foreign Evangelical Society, whose mission was to support the Protestant cause in the Catholic countries of Europe.
He returned to America for his formal education attending college at the University of the City of New York, and seminary at Union Theological Seminary (NYC) in 1852. From 1852 to 1854 he was Chaplain to the American Embassy in Rome, following in his father's footsteps the expressed concern for the Protestant cause on the Continent. In 1854–55, he was agent of the American and Foreign Christian Union in New York.

## American Presbyterian pastor and author

He spent the year of 1855, at just 27 years of age, engaged in the work of writing Eutaxia, or the Presbyterian Liturgies: Historical Sketches, which was initially published anonymously (although evidently most reviewers were aware of the book's author). Followed-up in 1857 with A Book of Public Prayer, Compiled from the authorized formularies of the Presbyterian Church, As prepared by the Reformers Calvin, Knox, Bucer and Others.
The publication of Eutaxia, in 1855 has been hailed by some as a "major milestone in American Presbyterianism." Stanley Hall, in his doctoral dissertation on the American Presbyterian "Directory for Worship," cites Baird's Eutaxia as a "groundbreaking study of Presbyterian liturgical history." In 1988, James Smylie edited a whole issue of American Presbyterians, dedicated to writings that had shaped the history of Presbyterianism in America. This collection includes an article on Charles W. Baird by Hughes Oliphant Old.
Charles Baird ministered first as the pastor of the Reformed (Dutch) Church on Bergen Hill, Brooklyn, from 1859–1861, and then at the Presbyterian Church in Rye, New York, from 1861 until his death there in 1887.

## Books authored

* Eutaxia, or the Presbyterian Liturgies: Historical Sketches. New York: M.W. Dodd, 1855.
* A Book of Public Prayer. New York: Charles Scribner, 1857.
* History of Bedford Church : discourse delivered at the celebration of the two hundredth anniversary of the founding of the Presbyterian Church of Bedford, Westchester Co., New York, March 22d, 1881 / New York : Dodd, Mead, 1882
* History of the Huguenot emigration to America, Vol. 1 and Vol. 2. New York, Dodd, Mead & Company [1885]
# Arachniodes simplicior

Arachniodes simplicior, the simpler East Indian hollyfern, East Indian holly fern, or variegated shield fern, is a species of fern in the family Dryopteridaceae.

## Distribution

China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, SE-Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); SW-Tibet; Japan; South Korea; Vietnam
# Marya Mannes

Marya Mannes (November 14, 1904 – September 13, 1990) was a 20th-century American writer and critic, known for her caustic but insightful observations of American life. Mannes also wrote under the pen name of "Sec."

## Life and career

Mannes lived most of her life in New York City, where she was born. Her brother was musician Leopold Mannes. Her parents, Clara (Damrosch) Mannes and David Mannes, founded the Mannes College of Music in New York. Her maternal grandfather was conductor Leopold Damrosch, and her maternal uncles were conductors Walter Damrosch and Frank Damrosch. Her father was Jewish; her mother was from a mostly Lutheran German family (and was of part-Jewish descent through her own grandfather).
Mannes was an editor at Vogue and later wrote prolifically for the magazines The Reporter and The New Yorker. Mannes published a number of books of essays, sharply and wittily critical of American society, including More in Anger: Some Opinions, Uncensored and Unteleprompted. She was a much-sought-after social commentator on radio and television. She hosted her own 13-week television show on New York's WNEW-TV in 1959, I Speak for Myself.
Other books by Mannes included Subverse (1959), a satirical verse, Out of My Time (1971), an autobiography, and two novels, Message From a Stranger (1948) and They (1968).
Mannes married three times; each union ended in divorce. Her first husband was Broadway scenic designer Jo Mielziner; they wed in 1926. She married artist Richard Blow in 1937, and then married British aircraft executive Christopher Clarkson in 1948. Mannes had one child, David, with second husband Richard Blow.
She died in San Francisco, California.
# Clifton City, Missouri

Clifton City is an unincorporated community in southwestern Cooper County, Missouri, United States. The community is located on Missouri Route 135 and Missouri Route BB. The nearest town is Otterville approximately five miles to the south. It is also 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Sedalia. The Lamine River flows past one half mile east of the town. The Cooper - Pettis county boundary lies three-quarters of a mile west of the location. The Katy Trail State Park passes the south edge of the community.

## History

Clifton City was originally called Cranmer's Mill, and under the latter name was settled in the early 1830s. A post office called Clifton City was established in 1873, and remained in operation until 1959. The present name most likely is after Clifton R. Woods, an early settler.
# Dirk Froneman

Dirk Cornelius Froneman (born 14 April 1954 in Winburg, Free State, South Africa) is a former South African rugby union player.

## Playing career

Froneman made his provincial debut for the Free State in 1976 and was part of the Free State team that won the Currie Cup in 1976. Froneman played his only test match for the Springboks against the World XV on 27 August 1977 at Loftus Versfeld in Pretoria.

### Test history

| No. | Opposition | Result (SA 1st) | Position | Tries | Date | Venue |
| 1. | World XV | 45–24 | Centre | | 27 August 1977 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |

## Accolades

Froneman was one of the five Young Players of the Year for 1976, along with Wouter Hugo, Divan Serfontein, Nick Mallet and LM Rossouw.
# Daphne oleoides

Daphne oleoides is a shrub of the family Thymelaeaceae. It is native to the southern Europe, northern Africa, and Asia Minor.

## Description

The shrub is evergreen, and grows up to 60 cm tall. Its branches grow upright. Its flowers are white, with a purplish outside and it bears orange fruits. It is often found on calcareous rocks and rocky slopes at altitudes of 1700 to 2300 m.

## Subtaxa

* Daphne oleoides subsp. baksanica
* Daphne oleoides subsp. kurdica (syn. Daphne kurdica)
* Daphne oleoides subsp. transcaucasica
* Daphne oleoides var. brachyloba
* Daphne oleoides var. buxifolia
* Daphne oleoides var. glandulosa
# Bilaspur–Katni line

The Bilaspur–Katni line is a railway route on the West Central Railway & South East Central Railway section of Indian Railways. It is one of the hilly railway routes of the Indian Railways and is fully electrified.
The Bilaspur–Katni line has consisted of hilly areas and reservoirs. The route of this line is via Anuppur, Shahdol & Umaria to Katni with bypassing Amarkantak hill range.

## History

* In 1886, was constructed the first section from Katni to Umaria which was also known as Katni–Umaria Provincial State Railway.
* In 1891, the construction was completed by Bengal Nagpur Railway Katni branch with Bilaspur–Etawa Provincial State Railway with the extension up to Bilaspur Junction.
* In 1993, electrification was started from Katni to Anuppur.

## Electrification

The electrification of Bilaspur–Katni line was done in the year 1995 and its branches was done in the year 1994.

## Main line & branches

Mainline of Bilaspur–Katni Corridor consists of length with 318.6 km (198 mi). This line has two branches first branch line is from Anuppur Junction to Chirimiri with the length of 96.1 km (60 mi) and second branch line is of Boridand Junction to Ambikapur with the length of 119.025 km (74 mi).
The Branch line of Bilaspur–Katni Corridor is also known for the coal producer line because of the production of coal is more in Baikunthpur and Ambikapur. and on the other side the production of limestone is also there on the main line.