OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Argentine currency controls (2011–2015)

Argentina installed foreign exchange controls in 2011, at the beginning of the second presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. Those controls limited the ability to buy or sell any foreign currency. The restriction was informally known in Argentina as Cepo cambiario (Spanish for 'exchange clamp'). The controls were lifted in 2015, at the beginning of the presidency of Mauricio Macri.

## History

The first restrictions were imposed on October 31, 2011. The Tax and Customs Authority, AFIP, required that individuals and businesses who sought to buy dollars request permission, which may depend of the financial status of the buyer. However, the implementation of the rules was arbitrary. In February, restrictions were applied to all international payments in dollars, such as imports. This also affected the ability of foreign investors to return their earnings to their own countries.
The use of credit cards abroad was also restricted. As of May 2012, people could only buy dollars for 25% to 40% of their wages.
In June 2012, AFIP forbade the purchase of dollars, except for a limited number of activities. As the country had a high inflation at that point, people used to buy dollars to keep the value of their money. The use of dollars for tourism received more limits a couple of months later: people would only receive the local money of the country that they visited, and only 7 days before the trip.
By 2014, following Cristina Fernández de Kirchner use of central bank reserves to prop up the peso, the country had very low foreign reserves and a high inflation. After the 2015 elections, President Mauricio Macri hoped that by lifting the extreme currency controls it would help spark a wave of foreign investment that would help battle the dwindling foreign reserves and a double-digit inflation.

## End of restrictions

Mauricio Macri, who opposed the Kirchners, promised in the 2015 presidential campaign that he would cancel the restrictions immediately, as part of the reforms to promote economic growth. The restrictions were lifted on December 17, a week after he took office. Before that, the Minister of Treasury and Public Finance, Alfonso Prat-Gay sought sources of financing, such as international banks and grain exporters. It was estimated that the grain exporters had billions of dollars in stockpiled grain harvests, waiting for the changes to sell them.

## Return of the controls

After a new devaluation of 25% for the 2019 primary election, Mauricio Macri restricted the purchase of foreign currency by companies, and limited the purchase of dollars by individuals to a maximum of US $ 10,000 per month. After the October general election, the government limited the purchase of US dollars to 200 per month per individual.
The value of the Argentine peso continued falling after currency controls were reinstated.
# Charles-Édouard Boutibonne

Charles Édouard Boutibonne (Budapest, 8 July 1816 – Wilderswil, 7 February 1897) was a French painter of the academic classicism school.
He was born to French parents in Hungary. As a 22-year-old he painted a portrait of Liszt. He was a student of Franz Winterhalter.

## Gallery

* Eugénie, Empress of the French
* The Young Mountaineers, 1868
* At the Fountain
* Ice Skating
* Ladies Playing Billiards, 1869
* A Garden Scene
* At the Opéra
* An Indecisive Moment, 1869
* Walther von Hallwyl, 1865
* Wilhelm Kempe, 1866
# 1995–96 French nuclear tests

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
France's 1995–96 nuclear test series was a group of 6 nuclear tests conducted by the French Nuclear Force in 1995–96. These tests followed the 1989–1991 French nuclear tests series.
France's 1995–1996 series tests and detonations :
| Name | Date time (UT) | Local time zone | Location | Elevation + height | Delivery, Purpose | Device | Yield |
| Téthys | 5 September 1995 21:29:58.4 | TAHT (–10 hrs) | Lagoon, Areas 5–7, Moruroa Atoll ~ 21°50′21″S 138°51′17″W﻿ / ﻿21.83918°S 138.8546°W﻿ / -21.83918; -138.8546﻿ (Téthys) | 0 + | underground shaft, weapons development | | 8 kt |
| Ploutos | 1 October 1995 23:29:58 | TAHT (–10 hrs) | Lagoon Area 2, Fangataufa Atoll 22°13′21″S 138°44′50″W﻿ / ﻿22.22261°S 138.74717°W﻿ / -22.22261; -138.74717﻿ (Ploutos) | 0 + | underground shaft, weapons development | TN-75 | 110 kt |
| Aepytos | 27 October 1995 21:59:58.2 | TAHT (–10 hrs) | Lagoon, Areas 5–7, Moruroa Atoll ~ 21°50′37″S 138°51′17″W﻿ / ﻿21.84364°S 138.8546°W﻿ / -21.84364; -138.8546﻿ (Aepytos) | 0 + | underground shaft, weapons development | TN-75 | 39 kt |
| Phésée | 21 November 1995 21:29:58.1 | TAHT (–10 hrs) | Lagoon, Areas 5–7, Moruroa Atoll ~ 21°50′53″S 138°51′17″W﻿ / ﻿21.84818°S 138.8546°W﻿ / -21.84818; -138.8546﻿ (Phésée) | 0 + | underground shaft, weapons development | | 20 kt |
| Thémisto | 27 December 1995 21:29:58 | TAHT (–10 hrs) | Lagoon, Areas 5–7, Moruroa Atoll ~ 21°51′08″S 138°51′17″W﻿ / ﻿21.85221°S 138.8546°W﻿ / -21.85221; -138.8546﻿ (Thémisto) | 0 + | underground shaft, weapons development | | 21 kt |
| Xouthos | 27 January 1996 21:29:57.8 | TAHT (–10 hrs) | Lagoon Area 2, Fangataufa Atoll 22°13′21″S 138°44′32″W﻿ / ﻿22.22243°S 138.74234°W﻿ / -22.22243; -138.74234﻿ (Xouthos) | 0 + | underground shaft, weapons development | TN-75 | 120 kt |
# Raiganj Surendranath Mahavidyalaya

Raiganj Surendranath Mahavidyalaya is a college in Raiganj in the Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India. The college is affiliated to University of Gour Banga, offering undergraduate courses.

## History

On 10 October 1986 Ad hoc Governing Body decided to open a college in Raiganj. In November 1986 the institution was officially established and Dr. Dhrendra Kumar Das joined as first principal of the college. Second Meeting of Ad-hoc Committee decided 14 November 1986 to be the formal opening of the College.In 4 September 1992 Statutory Governing Body was formed and Hon'ble District Magistrate Mr. Siddharth, IAS was selected as the first President of the Governing Body. Dr. Dhirendra Kumar Das joined as First Principal of the College on 12 June 1995. The College received UGC recognition of 2(f) and 12B on 24 June 1997. Dr. Prabir Roy joined college as Second Principal on 24 June 2003. The College was accredited by NAAC at B+ Level in December, 2016. Dr. Chandan Roy joined college as Third Principal on 16 May 2023.

## Departments
### Science

* Chemistry
* Physics
* Mathematics
* Botany
* Zoology

### Arts

* Bengali
* English
* History
* Geography
* Political Science
* Sociology
* Education
* Economics
* Philosophy

## Accreditation

In 2016 the college was awarded a B+ grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). The college is also recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# 2015 Gran Piemonte

The 2015 Gran Piemonte was the 99th edition of the Gran Piemonte (known as Giro del Piemonte until 2009) one-day cycling race. The race returned in 2015 after three years, because the 2013 and 2014 editions were not raced due to economical and organizational problems. It was held on 2 October, one day after the Milano–Torino and two days before Il Lombardia (the last "monument classic" of the season), as part of the Trittico di Autunno. It covered a distance of 185 kilometres (115 mi), starting in San Francesco al Campo and ending in Cirié. Riders with the characteristics of sprinter or puncheur were the favourites for the victory. The race was won by Jan Bakelants (AG2R La Mondiale), who attacked in the final 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) and held off the bunch to take a solo victory. Matteo Trentin (Etixx–Quick-Step) won the bunch sprint for second place ahead of Sonny Colbrelli (Bardiani–CSF).

## Teams

A total of 20 teams took part in the race, 12 World Tour teams and 8 Professional Continental teams.
UCI WorldTeams
* AG2R La Mondiale
* Astana
* Cannondale–Garmin
* Etixx–Quick-Step
* IAM Cycling
* Team Katusha
* Lampre–Merida
* LottoNL–Jumbo
* Movistar Team
* Team Sky
* Tinkoff–Saxo
* Trek Factory Racing
UCI Professional Continental teams
* Bardiani–CSF
* Bora–Argon 18
* Colombia
* MTN–Qhubeka
* Nippo–Vini Fantini
* Team Novo Nordisk
* Southeast Pro Cycling
* Androni Giocattoli–Sidermec

## Result

Result :
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Jan Bakelants (BEL) | AG2R La Mondiale | 4hr 17' 53" |
| 2 | Matteo Trentin (ITA) | Etixx–Quick-Step | + 4" |
| 3 | Sonny Colbrelli (ITA) | Bardiani–CSF | + 4" |
| 4 | Eduard-Michael Grosu (ROM) | Nippo–Vini Fantini | + 4" |
| 5 | José Joaquín Rojas (ESP) | Movistar Team | + 4" |
| 6 | Sacha Modolo (ITA) | Lampre–Merida | + 4" |
| 7 | Daniele Bennati (ITA) | Tinkoff–Saxo | + 4" |
| 8 | Kristian Sbaragli (ITA) | MTN–Qhubeka | + 4" |
| 9 | Andrea Fedi (ITA) | Southeast Pro Cycling | + 4" |
| 10 | Alberto Bettiol (ITA) | Cannondale–Garmin | + 4" |
| Source: ProCyclingStats ||||
# California Commission on Judicial Appointments

The California Commission on Judicial Appointments is a body of the government of California established in its current form in 1979 that is responsible for reviewing and confirming justices appointed by the Governor of California to the Supreme Court of California and judges appointed by the Governor to the California Courts of Appeal. The commission consists of the Chief Justice, the Attorney General of California, and the state's senior presiding justice of the California Courts of Appeal. The senior Associate Justice fills the Chief Justice's spot on the commission when a new Chief Justice is nominated.
The Commission initially continued the evaluative role of its predecessor, the California Commission on Judicial Qualifications, and was first proposed for that purpose through a ballot proposition in the election of November 1960. In 1961, California Assemblyman John A. Busterud proposed to expand the power of the Commission to require its approval for the Governor to appoint judges, which was endorsed by Caspar Weinberger. A bill to that effect was introduced in 1963.
The Commission has been criticized by various groups since shortly after its creation. A 2012 study of court appointment systems found that the existence of the Commission increased the chances that a California governor would appoint justices with a different party affiliation from their own.
# Chiri Chiri

Chiri Chiri is the debut Japanese studio album by South Korean girl group Momoland. It was released by King Records on September 4, 2019. The album features the group's Japanese singles – "Bboom Bboom", "Baam", "I'm So Hot" and "Pinky Love"; along with the Japanese versions of Momoland's previously released songs and the new track "Chiri Chiri".
Commercially, the album peaked at number thirty on Japan's Oricon Albums Chart.

## Singles

The Japanese version of "Bboom Bboom" was released on June 13, 2018 by King Records. It was followed by "Baam" which was released on November 7, 2018. The third single "I'm So Hot" was released on May 7, 2019.
The first three Japanese singles of the group peaked on Oricon Singles Chart at number four, eight and eight respectively. The singles also peaked on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 at number nine, twelve and fifty-one respectively.
To coincide the release of their debut Japanese studio album, "Pinky Love" was released as a single in September 2019. The music video for the song was released on September 2, 2019. While the dance practice video was uploaded on June 29, 2020.

## Commercial performance

In Japan, the studio album debuted and peaked at number thirty on the Oricon Albums Chart. It sold 1,669 physical copies. Chiri Chiri also charted on the Billboard Hot Albums at number forty-nine.

## Charts

Chart performance for Chiri Chiri :
| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| Japan (Billboard Japan Hot Albums) | 49 |
| Japan (Oricon Albums Chart) | 30 |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for Chiri Chiri :
| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Japan | September 4, 2019 | CDdigital downloadstreaming | King |
| Various | September 4, 2019 | Digital downloadstreaming | King |
# Metro Shirish

Shirish Saravanan, known also as Metro Shirish for his work in his debut film Metro, is an actor from Tamil film industry.

## Career

It was in college, that he met Ananda Krishnan, who after conducting an audition decided to cast him as the lead in his next movie. His performance in Ananda Krishnan's Metro garnered him rave reviews with many critics appreciating his notable performance in the movie along with Filmfare's award for Best Male Debut-South. In 2018, he acted in Raja Ranguski with director Dharanidharan is alongside Chandini Tamilarasan. His next film, which started filming in August 2017, is a village based entertainer titled Pistha, which is directed by the editor of Metro, Ramesh Bharathi. Mrudula Murali and Arundhati Nair are the lady leads. Notably, this film will be music director Dharan's 25th project.

## Filmography

Key :
| † | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2016 | Metro | Arivazhagan | Won—Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South Won—Edison Award for Best Debut Actor |
| 2018 | Raja Ranguski | Raja | |
| 2021 | Blood Money | Sudhan | |
| 2022 | Pistha | Saravanan | |
# Berryer

Berryer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antoine Pierre Berryer (1790–1868), French advocate and parliamentary orator
* Nicolas René Berryer (1703–1762), French magistrate and politician
# Rajsamand

Rajsamand is a city, located in Rajsamand Mewar district of Rajasthan, India. The city is named for Rajsamand Lake, an artificial lake created in the 17th century by Rana Raj Singh Rajsamand Udaipur of Mewar. It is the administrative headquarters of Rajsamand District.

## Geography

Rajsamand is located at 25°04′N 73°53′E﻿ / ﻿25.07°N 73.88°E﻿ / 25.07; 73.88. It has an average elevation of 547 metres (1794 ft).

## Demographics

Religions in Rajsamand :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hindus | Hindus | 84.17% | 84.17% |
| Muslims | Muslims | 9.54% | 9.54% |
Total population of the Rajsamand district is 987,024 (493,459 male and 493,565 female). This district has a male to female ratio of nearly 1:1. Rajsamand has an average literacy rate of 67%, male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 57%. In Rajsamand, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Economy

Although most of the economy of Rajasthan is based on agriculture, this part of the state is rich in mineral resources. The area is one of the prime Indian suppliers of marble, granite and other valuable varieties of stone. The Dariba,Sindesar khurd and Zawar mines are the principal Indian sources of ores for zinc, silver, manganese, etc. The majority of the population is engaged in organised and unorganised mining-related works. Others are engaged in tyre and tobacco factories.

## Places to see

Located at about 62 km (39 mi) away from the magnificent city of Udaipur (the city of lakes), Rajsamand itself is quite naturally endowed with eye-catching beauty. Surrounded by the wide ranges of Aravali, it houses the stunning Rajsamand Lake.
* Rajsamand Lake
* Dwarkadhish Temple
* Haldi ghati
* Charbhuja nath temple , charbhuja
* Shrinathji Temple, Nathdwara
* Jaipur
* Chittorgarh
* Pali
* Jaisalmer
* Ranuja
# Ayl

Ayl is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## History

From 18 July 1946 to 6 June 1947 Ayl, in its then municipal boundary, formed part of the Saar Protectorate.
# Cabinet of Joko Widodo

Cabinet of Joko Widodo may refer to:
* Working Cabinet (2014–2019)
* Onward Indonesia Cabinet
# Buccinaria pendula

Buccinaria pendula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 8 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines.
# Chirgus barrosi

Chirgus barrosi is a species of butterfly of the family of Hesperiidae, first described in 1956 by Emilio Ureta. It is known from Chile, where it is found at high altitudes in sandy locations with leguminous plants.
The species was previously placed in genus Pyrgus, but was, alongside several other species formerly in Pyrgus, transferred to newly-erected genus Chirgus in 2019.
# Addleton

Addleton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Addleton, English rugby union coach
* Jonathan Addleton, American diplomat
# Best of Guy Clark

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Best of Guy Clark is an album by American singer-songwriter Guy Clark, released in 1982.
Except for four tracks, it includes all of the songs released by Clark on his two albums on RCA. Both Old No. 1 and Texas Cookin' were re-issued on CD on the Camden label in 2001.

## Track listing

All songs by Guy Clark unless otherwise noted.
* "Rita Ballou"
* "L.A. Freeway"
* "She Ain't Goin' Nowhere"
* "That Old Time Feeling"
* "Texas, 1947"
* "Desperados Waiting for a Train"
* "Instant Coffee Blues"
* "A Nickel for the Fiddler"
* "Texas Cookin' "
* "Anyhow, I Love You"
* "Virginia's Real"
* "Broken Hearted People"
* "Black Haired Boy" (Guy Clark, Susanna Clark)
* "The Last Gunfighter Ballad "
* "Let Him Roll"
* "Like a Coat from the Cold"

## Personnel

* Guy Clark – vocals, guitar
# 1941 in the Belgian Congo

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1941 in the Belgian Congo.

## Incumbent

* Governor-General – Pierre Ryckmans

## Events

| Date | Event |
| | François Wenner becomes governor of Lusambo Province |
| 22 April | Évariste Mabi Mulumba, future first state commissioner of Zaire, is born in Mikalay, Kasai-Occidental. |
# Rampersaud

Rampersaud is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mario Rampersaud (born 1992), Barbadian cricketer
* Raj Rampersaud, Canadian orthopedic surgeon
# Ağaçlıdere, Sur

Ağaçlıdere is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sur, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 732 (2022).
# Monica Allanach

Monica Christine Allanach was a British actuary. She was the first woman to be elected to the Council of the Institute of Actuaries.

## Early life and education

Allanach's father died when she was four, and she was brought up by her widowed mother. She was educated at Wimbledon High School from 1931–1938. She was good at mathematics at school, and her teachers suggested that she become an actuary.

## Career

Allanach joined the Prudential Assurance Company in 1938 as an actuarial trainee. She qualified as an actuary in 1951. Women had been permitted to gain membership of the Institute of Actuaries for thirty years, but by 1951, less than one dozen women had become fully qualified. Allanach was moved to the male salary scale at Prudential in 1960, several years before the company introduced a single, non-gendered salary scale. She was appointed as the Deputy Actuary at the Prudential Assurance Company in 1970, thus becoming the first woman to reach management level at the company. In 1974 she was promoted to Actuary (UK), and held that position until her retirement in 1981.
She became a member of the council of the Institute of Actuaries in 1968, the first woman to be elected to the council. She was its honorary secretary from 1972 to 1974 and its vice-president from 1976 to 1979.
In 1977, Allanach was appointed by the Secretary of State for Trade, Edmund Dell, to his panel of insurance advisers. She retired from the panel in 1980.
In 1954 she and Pat Merriman and others began a series of informal meetings, such as tea-parties or wine and cheese parties, for the small minority of women in the profession, from which developed the Lady Actuaries Dining Club (LADS). LADS was wound up in 2011, by which time the Institute of Actuaries had its first woman president, Jane Curtis.

## Selected publications

* Allanach, Monica (May 1982). "Women Actuaries in the UK" (PDF). The Actuary. 16 (5): 4–5. Retrieved 15 November 2019.

## Legacy

Allanach's writing, including a 1964 paper 'The treatment of expenses in the calculation of ordinary branch premiums', was required reading for exams at the Institute of Actuaries. In 2015, the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries held a Monica Allanach lecture.

## Personal life

Allanach was a member of the Friends of the Girls' Public Day School Trust, serving as its Honorary Treasurer from 1962–1972. She lived near Wimbledon, and had a keen interest in tennis. She did not marry, and believed that she would not have been promoted to senior positions had she done so. In July 1981, she was made a Freeman of the City of London.
# Buccinaria urania

Buccinaria urania is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 23 mm, its diameter 11 mm.
The white ovately fusiform shell contains 10 whorls. In some of the upper whorls the upper margin just beneath the suture is also more or less nodose. The tubercles just above the suture are crossed by two or three sulci, so that each of them is tripartite or quadripartite. The oblong aperture has a sharp angle above and a narrow gutterlike, slightly recurved siphonal canal below. The outer lip is thin, the upper part gently curving.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Southeast India, the Andamans and off the Philippines.
# Argentine Abyssal Plain

The Argentine Abyssal Plain forms part of the Argentine Basin off the east coast of Argentina. It comprises the deepest sections of the basin on the western and south-western margins, reaching a depth of 6,212m (20,381 feet).
47°30′S 51°00′W﻿ / ﻿47.5°S 51°W﻿ / -47.5; -51
* This article about a specific oceanic location or ocean current is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Road transport in South Korea

Road transport is an essential element of the South Korean transport network, and vital part of the South Korean economy. The total length of the country's road and highway networks is 110,714 km. As of 2023, a total of about 25.85 million vehicles were registered.
South Korea has taken various measures to improve road safety. Strict penalties for drunk driving, stricter speed limits, and seat belt mandates are some of them.

## Highway systems

South Korea has seven highway systems:
* National expressways
* General national highways
* Special Metropolitan City roads and Metropolitan City roads
* Local highways
* Si roads
* Gun roads
* Gu roads

## Road signs

Korea uses standard international road signs and traffic signals.