OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Artists' Fund Society

The Artists' Fund Society of the City of New York was a benevolent society founded on February 5, 1859, to assist members and their families in cases of illness, old age, and death, and to provide aid to non-member artists in distress. It was incorporated on April 13, 1861.
The society traces its origin to painter William Ranney's death in 1857, which left his wife and two children destitute. Painters from the New York City area contributed works to auction to aid his destitute family. The auction included paintings by George Inness, Jasper Francis Cropsey, Asher Brown Durand, and Frederick Church's "Morning in the Tropics," which sold for $625, at that time the highest amount ever paid at auction for a painting in the United States.
The society began with 25 members who, from 1860 through 1889, were required to annually contribute a piece of art work to be exhibited and sold at auction. Its first organized exhibition was held starting on December 6, 1860, showing 44 pieces for auction in three rooms of the National Academy of Design, with the auction itself held on December 22. Proceeds were invested in bonds, mortgages, and stocks. By the end of 1861, the society had 50 members and a fund of roughly $5,000. By 1864, this fund had grown to over $20,000. Widows were paid annual interest on a sum of $1500, and then paid a lump sum of $1500 when their youngest child reached age 21. More than 27 auctions were held between 1860 and 1889.
In 1890, the auction system was replaced by assessments, with all members paying $5 within 30 days of a member's death; the beneficiary then received a percentage of the total.
The society's original constitution (1859) simply stated that members must be "artists by profession." However, by the 1930s amendments stipulated that members must live in New York City or close enough to attend meetings, and that no person over the age of 45 could become a member. Its leadership consisted of a "Board of Control" composed of a president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer and five other members. The board met monthly, and the society sponsored an annual meeting for all members followed by an annual dinner for members and friends.
By 1936 the Board of Control was considering re-organizing or dissolving the society due to rising numbers of members unable to pay assessments, difficulty finding new young members, and "a general lack of interest in the society." In 1946, the Artists' Fund Society merged into the Society of Illustrators.
# Artists' General Benevolent Institution

The Artists' General Benevolent Institution is a British charity assisting professional artists in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who are in financial difficulty due to illness, old age or accident. It was founded in 1814 by members of the Royal Academy of Arts including J. M. W. Turner, John Constable and John Soane. Incorporated by Royal Charter in 1842, it is one of the oldest charities in the United Kingdom.
The AGBI financially supports professional artists in need and their dependents living in England, Wales or Northern Ireland who cannot work or earn an income due to accident, illness or old age. The AGBI is run by a Council of mostly practicing artists, applied artists, art custodians and medical professionals who give their time for free and who meet regularly to discuss cases of need. The AGBI is based in Burlington House, Piccadilly, London.
# Asa Child

Asa Child (December 2, 1798 – May 11, 1858) was an American attorney who served as the United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut under Andrew Jackson.

## Biography

Asa Child was born on December 2, 1798. He was the oldest of nine children born to a farmer Rensselaer and Priscilla (Corbin) Child, of (North) Woodstock, Connecticut.
He began studying law, with Judge Calvin Goddard a graduate of Dartmouth, a former senator and at that point in time, the mayor of Norwich, Connecticut, which was followed by his Yale enrollment. During his time at Yale he learnt under Seth P. Staples a Yale graduate, from New Haven. He graduated in 1821 and was admitted to the bar in June, 1823.
He then began practicing law in Norwich, where he married Alice Hart daughter of Alice Cogswell (Hart) Goddard and his former teacher Calvin Godard and sister of George C. Goddard a fellow Yale graduate on February 13, 1826.
His life in Norwich was interrupted by his appointment as United States District Attorney for Connecticut under President Jackson, which involved his residence in Hartford from 1829 to 1831. He then returned to Norwich, but in 1843 removed to Baltimore, and thence to New York City in 1845.

### Death

At the end of his life he returned to Norwich, where he died on May 11, 1858, when he was 60.

### Children

His oldest child, his daughter Julia Goddard Child, was born on April 20, 1825, in Norwich. She married Levi W. Allen of South Hadley, Massachusetts, a great-grandson of Oliver Wolcott in 1852 and together they had two children. The second oldest, Edward Child, died in infancy. His third child, Alice Hart Child, died when she was 40 and she may have married Levi Allen after her sister died. Calvin Goddard Child named after Asa's father in law Calvin Goddard, would go on to become a judge and also fill his fathers position as United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut after graduating from his father's alma mater, Yale.
# List of people from South Yorkshire

The list of people from South Yorkshire, in northern England, is divided by metropolitan borough. South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county created in 1974 and so people from the area before this year were from the earlier West Riding of Yorkshire.
* Sheffield
* Rotherham
* Doncaster
* Barnsley
# 2007 1. deild karla

The 2007 season of 1. deild karla was the 53rd season of second-tier football in Iceland.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | Grindavík (C, P) | 22 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 47 | 21 | +26 | 47 | Promoted to 2008 Úrvalsdeild |
| 2 | Þróttur R. (P) | 22 | 14 | 5 | 3 | 47 | 24 | +23 | 47 | Promoted to 2008 Úrvalsdeild |
| 3 | Fjölnir (P) | 22 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 61 | 29 | +32 | 45 | Promoted to 2008 Úrvalsdeild |
| 4 | ÍBV | 22 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 42 | 23 | +19 | 44 | |
| 5 | Fjarðabyggð | 22 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 23 | 17 | +6 | 37 | |
| 6 | Leiknir R. | 22 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 22 | 27 | −5 | 25 | |
| 7 | Þór A. | 22 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 33 | 40 | −7 | 24 | |
| 8 | Njarðvík | 22 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 25 | 32 | −7 | 23 | |
| 9 | Stjarnan | 22 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 39 | 44 | −5 | 20 | |
| 10 | Víkingur Ó. | 22 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 22 | 33 | −11 | 20 | |
| 11 | KA | 22 | 5 | 4 | 13 | 14 | 45 | −31 | 19 | |
| 12 | Reynir S. (R) | 22 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 22 | 62 | −40 | 16 | Relegated to 2008 2. deild |
* 1 2 Due to the Úrvalsdeild expanding to 12 teams, 3 teams were promoted and only 1 relegated from 1. deild karla in order to keep 12 teams in the league.

## Top scorers

| Scorer | Goals | Team |
| Hjörtur Hjartarson | 18 | Þróttur R. |
| Atli Viðar Björnsson | 14 | Fjölnir |
| Gunnar Már Guðmundsson | 12 | Fjölnir |
| Guðjón Baldvinsson | 12 | Stjarnan |
| Hreinn Hringsson | 11 | Þór A. |
| Jakob Spangsberg Jensen | 10 | Leiknir R. |
| Adolf Sveinsson | 10 | Þróttur R. |
| Tómas Leifsson | 9 | Fjölnir |
| Paul McShane | 9 | Grindavík |
| Ian David Jeffs | 9 | ÍBV |
| Andri Steinn Birgisson | 8 | Grindavík |
| Scott Ramsey | 8 | Grindavík |
| Atli Heimisson | 8 | ÍBV |
# List of protected areas of Bornholm

This list of protected areas of Bornholm is a list of protected areas of Bornholm, Denmark.

## List

| Locality | Size | Year | Source |
| Arnager kyst og overdrev | | | Ref |
| Årsdale–Nexø coast | 69 ha | 1978 | Ref |
| Bølshavn–MSaltuna coast | 47 ha | 1947–76 | Ref |
| Dueodde | | 1936–82 | Ref |
| Døndalen and Helligdomsklipperne | 74ha | 1913–1975 | Ref |
| Ekkodalen and Almindingen | 210 ha | 1948–73 | Ref |
| Gildesbo og Birkely | | | Ref |
| Gudhjem Plantage and kysten mod Melsted | 1928–67 | | Ref |
| Gyldensådalen and Hellig Kvinde | 1946–80 | | Ref |
| Hadeborg Bakke | 13 ha | 1989 | Ref |
| Hammerknuden | 167 ha | 1918–67 | Ref |
| Hasle Lystskov og Hasle Nordkyst | 1972–2004 | | Ref |
| Hundsemyre | 02 ha | 1977 | Ref |
| Kastellet, Galløkken og Onsbæk Plantage | | | Ref |
| Læså | | 1973–77 | Ref |
| Madsebakke and Storløkke | | | Ref |
| Nexø Sydstrand and Balka Lyng | | 1946–2003 | Ref |
| Nylars Plantage | | | Ref |
| Raghammer Skydeterræn og Odde | | 1948–68 | Ref |
| Rævedal | | | Ref |
| Risen Skov med Bøgebjerg | | 1999 | Ref |
| Rutsker Højlyng og Spelling Mose | 1930–83 | | Ref |
| Svaneke Church | | | Ref |
| Svaneke Nordskov and Gule Hald | 1800 ha | 1973 | Ref |
| Svartingedalen | | 1927 | Ref |
| Svejbjerg | | | Ref |
| Ugleenge ved Aakirkeby | | | Ref |
| Vester og Øster Sømark | | | Ref |
# 1990 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao general election

General elections were held for the first time on February 12, 1990, in the newly created Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao for the regional governor and vice governor.
The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao region was first created on August 1, 1989, through Republic Act No. 6734 otherwise known as the Organic Act in pursuance with a constitutional mandate to provide for an autonomous area in Muslim Mindanao. A plebiscite was held in the provinces of Basilan, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Palawan, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur; and in the cities of Cotabato, Dapitan, Dipolog, General Santos, Iligan, Marawi, Pagadian, Puerto Princesa and Zamboanga to determine if the residents would want to be part of the ARMM. Of the areas where the plebiscites were held only Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi voted favorably for inclusion in the new autonomous region.

## Results
### For Regional Governor

Summary of the final official COMELEC canvass of the 12 February 1990 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao general election results :
| Candidate | Party |
| Zacaria Candao | Lakas-NUCD |

### For Regional Vice-Governor

Summary of the final official COMELEC canvass of the 12 February 1990 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao general election results :
| Candidate | Party |
| Benjamin Loong | Lakas-NUCD |
The proclamation of Candao as governor and Loong as vice-governor was disputed by candidate Ali Dimaporo. However, the Commission on Elections dismissed the candidates appeals as lacking merit on March 21, 1990 while the Supreme Court of the Philippines lifted their restraining order on said proclamation on June 26, 1990.
# List of number-one singles of 2005 (Finland)

This is the complete list of physical number-one singles sold in Finland in 2005 according to the Official Finnish Charts, composed by Suomen Ääni- ja kuvatallennetuottajat ÄKT (since late August 2010, known as Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland).

## Chart history

| Issue date | Single | Artist(s) |
| Week 1 | "Valvon" | Jane |
| Week 2 | "Bittersweet" | Apocalyptica (feat. Ville Valo and Lauri Ylönen) |
| Week 3 | "Bittersweet" | Apocalyptica (feat. Ville Valo and Lauri Ylönen) |
| Week 4 | "Pettävällä jäällä" | Yö |
| Week 5 | "Maksamme velkaa" | Various artists |
| Week 6 | "Taivas lyö tulta" | Teräsbetoni |
| Week 7 | "Taivas lyö tulta" | Teräsbetoni |
| Week 8 | "Taivas lyö tulta" | Teräsbetoni |
| Week 9 | "Pahempi toistaan" | Apulanta |
| Week 10 | "Pahempi toistaan" | Apulanta |
| Week 11 | "Pahempi toistaan" | Apulanta |
| Week 12 | "Minä en tiedä mitään" | YUP |
| Week 13 | "Taivas lyö tulta" | Teräsbetoni |
| Week 14 | "Out to Find You" | Bloodpit |
| Week 15 | "Tie" | Viikate |
| Week 16 | "Tie" | Viikate |
| Week 17 | "Tyhjä huone" | Antti Tuisku |
| Week 18 | "Ever-Frost" | Sentenced |
| Week 19 | "Lissää vinkunaa" | Hannibal & Soppa |
| Week 20 | "Lissää vinkunaa" | Hannibal & Soppa |
| Week 21 | "Lissää vinkunaa" | Hannibal & Soppa |
| Week 22 | "Don't Phunk with My Heart" | The Black Eyed Peas |
| Week 23 | "Yksi askel liikaa" | Yö |
| Week 24 | "Gott Nytt År" | Kometfabriken |
| Week 25 | "Hurricane Season" | Deep Insight |
| Week 26 | "My My, Hey Hey" | Negative |
| Week 27 | "My My, Hey Hey" | Negative |
| Week 28 | "Pelimies" | Martti Vainaa & Sallitut aineet |
| Week 29 | "Hatehead" | The Scourger |
| Week 30 | "Pelimies" | Martti Vainaa & Sallitut aineet |
| Week 31 | "Pelimies" | Martti Vainaa & Sallitut aineet |
| Week 32 | "Pelimies" | Martti Vainaa & Sallitut aineet |
| Week 33 | "Pelimies" | Martti Vainaa & Sallitut aineet |
| Week 34 | "In Your Face" | Children of Bodom |
| Week 35 | "No Fear" | The Rasmus |
| Week 36 | "Armo" | Apulanta |
| Week 37 | "Wings of a Butterfly" | HIM |
| Week 38 | "Wings of a Butterfly" | HIM |
| Week 39 | "Tie sydämeeni" | Yö |
| Week 40 | "Pelimies" | Martti Vainaa & Sallitut aineet |
| Week 41 | "Uusi ihmiskunta" | CMX |
| Week 42 | "Benzin" | Rammstein |
| Week 43 | "Sleeping Sun" | Nightwish |
| Week 44 | "Sleeping Sun" | Nightwish |
| Week 45 | "The hjärta & smärta EP" | Kent |
| Week 46 | "Hung Up" | Madonna |
| Week 47 | "Hung Up" | Madonna |
| Week 48 | "Mimic47" | Diablo |
| Week 49 | "Mimic47" | Diablo |
| Week 50 | "Mimic47" | Diablo |
| Week 51 | "Beautiful" | Orkidea |
| Week 52 | "Yhden enkelin unelma" | Tarja Turunen |
# List of number-one singles of 2005 (Ireland)

This is a list of the Irish Recorded Music Association's Irish Singles Chart Top 50 number-ones of 2005.
| Issue Date | Song | Artist |
| 6 January | "Numb/Encore" | Linkin Park and Jay-Z |
| 13 January | "Numb/Encore" | Linkin Park and Jay-Z |
| 20 January | "Numb/Encore" | Linkin Park and Jay-Z |
| 27 January | "Numb/Encore" | Linkin Park and Jay-Z |
| 3 February | "Poison/I Believe" | Zoo |
| 10 February | "Almost Here" | Brian McFadden and Delta Goodrem |
| 17 February | "Get Right" | Jennifer Lopez |
| 24 February | "Over and Over" | Nelly featuring Tim McGraw |
| 3 March | "Over and Over" | Nelly featuring Tim McGraw |
| 10 March | "Over and Over" | Nelly featuring Tim McGraw |
| 17 March | "All About You/You've Got a Friend" | McFly |
| 24 March | "All About You/You've Got a Friend" | McFly |
| 31 March | "(Is This the Way to) Amarillo" | Tony Christie featuring Peter Kay |
| 7 April | "(Is This the Way to) Amarillo" | Tony Christie featuring Peter Kay |
| 14 April | "(Is This the Way to) Amarillo" | Tony Christie featuring Peter Kay |
| 21 April | "(Is This the Way to) Amarillo" | Tony Christie featuring Peter Kay |
| 28 April | "(Is This the Way to) Amarillo" | Tony Christie featuring Peter Kay |
| 5 May | "Lonely" | Akon |
| 12 May | "Lonely" | Akon |
| 19 May | "Lonely" | Akon |
| 26 May | "Lonely" | Akon |
| 2 June | "Axel F" | Crazy Frog |
| 9 June | "Axel F" | Crazy Frog |
| 16 June | "Axel F" | Crazy Frog |
| 23 June | "Axel F" | Crazy Frog |
| 30 June | "Ghetto Gospel" | 2Pac |
| 7 July | "Ghetto Gospel" | 2Pac |
| 9 July | "Ghetto Gospel" | 2Pac |
| 14 July | "Ghetto Gospel" | 2Pac |
| 21 July | "You're Beautiful" | James Blunt |
| 28 July | "You're Beautiful" | James Blunt |
| 4 August | "You're Beautiful" | James Blunt |
| 11 August | "You're Beautiful" | James Blunt |
| 18 August | "Bad Day" | Daniel Powter |
| 25 August | "Bad Day" | Daniel Powter |
| 1 September | "Bad Day" | Daniel Powter |
| 8 September | "Bad Day" | Daniel Powter |
| 15 September | "Don't Cha" | Pussycat Dolls |
| 22 September | "Don't Cha" | Pussycat Dolls |
| 29 September | "Don't Cha" | Pussycat Dolls |
| 6 October | "Push the Button" | Sugababes |
| 13 October | "Push the Button" | Sugababes |
| 20 October | "Push the Button" | Sugababes |
| 27 October | "You Raise Me Up" | Westlife |
| 3 November | "You Raise Me Up" | Westlife |
| 10 November | "You Raise Me Up" | Westlife |
| 17 November | "You Raise Me Up" | Westlife |
| 24 November | "You Raise Me Up" | Westlife |
| 1 December | "You Raise Me Up" | Westlife |
| 8 December | "My Humps" | The Black Eyed Peas |
| 15 December | "JCB Song" | Nizlopi |
| 22 December | "Leave Right Now" | Mario Rosenstock |
| 29 December | "JCB Song" | Nizlopi |
# List of number-one singles of 2006 (Finland)

This is the complete list of physical number-one singles sold in Finland in 2006 according to the Official Finnish Charts, composed by Suomen Ääni- ja kuvatallennetuottajat ÄKT (since late August 2010, known as Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland).

## Chart history

| Issue date | Single | Artist(s) |
| Week 1 | "Don't Forget About Us" | Mariah Carey |
| Week 2 | "House of Sleep" | Amorphis |
| Week 3 | "So Long Goodbye" | X-Prophets |
| Week 4 | "Spaceball" | Mannhai |
| Week 5 | "So Long Goodbye" | X-Prophets |
| Week 6 | "Guardian Angel" | Lovex |
| Week 7 | "Guardian Angel" | Lovex |
| Week 8 | "Revenge Is Coarse" | SinKing |
| Week 9 | "Pirut" | Nemo |
| Week 10 | "Falling" | Passionworks |
| Week 11 | "Fashion" | Ninja |
| Week 12 | "Stupid Girls" | Pink |
| Week 13 | "Punainen viiva" | Timo Rautiainen |
| Week 14 | "Punainen viiva" | Timo Rautiainen |
| Week 15 | "Teen mitä teen" | Smak |
| Week 16 | "Road" | Don Johnson Big Band |
| Week 17 | "Maailma on renki" | Lauri Tähkä & Elonkerjuu |
| Week 18 | "Maailma on renki" | Lauri Tähkä & Elonkerjuu |
| Week 19 | "Hard Rock Hallelujah" | Lordi |
| Week 20 | "Speechless" | Mish Mash |
| Week 21 | "You" | Tarot |
| Week 22 | "You" | Tarot |
| Week 23 | "4D" | Kuolleet Intiaanit |
| Week 24 | "Sauna päälle!" | Bloodpit |
| Week 25 | "Mikä kesä" | Valvomo |
| Week 26 | "Mikä kesä" | Valvomo |
| Week 27 | "Mikä kesä" | Valvomo |
| Week 28 | "Mikä kesä" | Valvomo |
| Week 29 | "Mikä kesä" | Valvomo |
| Week 30 | "Mikä kesä" | Valvomo |
| Week 31 | "Mikä kesä" | Valvomo |
| Week 32 | "Vapaus johtaa kansaa" | CMX (feat. Kotiteollisuus and 51koodia) |
| Week 33 | "Vapaus johtaa kansaa" | CMX (feat. Kotiteollisuus and 51koodia) |
| Week 34 | "The Reincarnation of Benjamin Breeg" | Iron Maiden |
| Week 35 | "Vapaus johtaa kansaa" | CMX (feat. Kotiteollisuus and 51koodia) |
| Week 36 | "Who's Your Daddy?" | Lordi |
| Week 37 | "Planet of the Sun" | Negative |
| Week 38 | "Crazy Wild One" | Peer Günt |
| Week 39 | "Hei tie" | Maija Vilkkumaa |
| Week 40 | "Likainen parketti" | Stam1na |
| Week 41 | "Arkunnaula" | Kotiteollisuus |
| Week 42 | "Arkunnaula" | Kotiteollisuus |
| Week 43 | "Viides vuodenaika" | Mokoma |
| Week 44 | "Viides vuodenaika" | Mokoma |
| Week 45 | "Put Your Hands Up 4 Detroit" | Fedde le Grand |
| Week 46 | "Ah ahtaita aikoja" | Viikate |
| Week 47 | "Replica 2006" | Sonata Arctica |
| Week 48 | "In Joy and Sorrow" | HIM |
| Week 49 | "Koneeseen kadonnut" | Apulanta |
| Week 50 | "Koneeseen kadonnut" | Apulanta |
| Week 51 | "Koneeseen kadonnut" | Apulanta |
| Week 52 | "Koneeseen kadonnut" | Apulanta |
# 2008 French Open – Legends under 45 doubles

Arnaud Boetsch and Guy Forget were the defending champions, but lost in the round robin.
Goran Ivanišević and Michael Stich won in the final 6–1, 7–6(5), against Richard Krajicek and Emilio Sánchez.

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Final

| Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| | Goran Ivanišević Michael Stich | 6 | 7 | |
| | Richard Krajicek Emilio Sánchez | 1 | 6$^5$ | |

### Group A

| | Ivansevic Stich | Becker Pioline | Bruguera Cash | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| Goran Ivanišević Michael Stich | | 1–6, 6–3, 10–8 | 7–6(3), 6–3 | 2–0 | 4–1 | 21–18 | 1 |
| Boris Becker Cédric Pioline | 6–1, 3–6, 8–10 | | 7–6(7), 6–2 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 22–16 | 2 |
| Sergi Bruguera Pat Cash | 6–7(3), 3–6 | 6–7(7), 2–6 | | 0–2 | 0–4 | 17–26 | 3 |
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 4. steering-committee decision.

### Group B

| | Krajicek Sánchez | Boetsch Forget | Wilander Woodbridge | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| Richard Krajicek Emilio Sánchez | | 6–7(1), 6–2, 10–8 | 6–1, 5–7, 10–8 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 25–17 | 1 |
| Arnaud Boetsch Guy Forget | 7–6(1), 2–6, 8–10 | | 6–3, 6–4 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 21–20 | 2 |
| Mats Wilander Todd Woodbridge | 6–1, 5–7, 8–10 | 3–6, 4–6 | | 0–2 | 1–4 | 18–21 | 3 |
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 4. steering-committee decision.
# Artur Augusto

Artur Augusto was a Portuguese footballer who played as a forward.
Artur Augusto played for the Portugal national football team in its inaugural match, a friendly against Spain in Madrid on 18 December 1921. He was the only player from the city of Porto included in the squad and became FC Porto's first international.
His brother, Alberto Augusto, was also a Portuguese international footballer.
# 1992 Ku-ring-gai state by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Ku-ring-gai on Saturday, 22 August 1992.
It was triggered by the resignation on 24 June 1992 of Liberal Party Premier, Nick Greiner, after the scandal known as the 'Metherell affair'. The seat was subsequently won by Stephen O'Doherty of the Liberal Party. However the Liberals suffered a 14% drop in their primary vote, and a 17% drop in their two party preferred vote.

## Background

The seat of Ku-ring-gai, a traditionally safe Liberal seat, was held since 1980 by Nick Greiner, who had been Premier of New South Wales since 1988. However, with the hung parliament result of the 1991 election, Greiner's performance in government had become dependent on the support of the few independent members of the legislative assembly. With the resignation from the party of former minister Terry Metherell in October 1991, the government's majority became even tighter. The government subsequently created a job for Metherell, a position with the Environment Protection Agency, which he accepted, effectively engineering a vacancy in a seat the Liberal Party would recover at a by-election.
While the Liberal Party won the by-election, there was a much higher cost. Because the Greiner government was in a minority, it could not prevent the Legislative Assembly referring the matter of Metherell's appointment to the Independent Commission Against Corruption, which made findings of corruption. These findings were eventually ruled by the Supreme Court of New South Wales as being outside the powers of the ICAC to make, but by then Premier Greiner had already resigned as Premier and an MP after the four independent MPs threatened to bring down the government if Greiner stayed in office.

## Results

The Liberal Party retained the seat, despite a 2PP swing of 17%. The Liberal candidate, Journalist Stephen O'Doherty, was declared the winner against Independent Candidate, Mick Gallagher. The Labor Party did not field a candidate.
1992 Ku-ring-gai by-election Saturday 22 August :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Stephen O'Doherty | 14,755 | 47.85 | -14.57 |
| | Independent | Mick Gallagher | 9,725 | 31.54 | +23.54 |
| | Independent | Ted Roach | 5,442 | 17.65 | +8.57 |
| | Call to Australia | Robert Taylor | 914 | 2.96 | +0.73 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 30,836 | 95.74 | +2.00 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 1,371 | 4.26 | −2.00 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 32,207 | 82.68 | −11.39 |
| Two-candidate-preferred result ||||||
| | Liberal | Stephen O'Doherty | 16,167 | 55.09 | -17.62 |
| | Independent | Mick Gallagher | 13,182 | 44.91 | +44.91 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | -17.62 | |
# Alén (name)

Alén is both a given name and a surname. Notable people of the name include the following:

## Surname

* Alberto Alén Pérez (1948–2004), Cuban musicologist
* Juha Alén (born 1981), Finnish ice hockey player
* Markku Alén (born 1951), Finnish racing driver

## Given name

* Alén Diviš (1900–1956), Czech artist