OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bernardyna Maria Jabłońska

Maria Jabłońska (13 June 1878 – 23 September 1940) - in religious Bernardyna - was a Polish Roman Catholic professed religious and the co-founder of the Sisters Servants of the Poor (1891) that she founded alongside Albert Chmielowski.
Her beatification was celebrated on 6 June 1997 in Poland.

## Life

Maria Jabłońska was born on 13 June 1878 as one of four children to Grzegorz and Maria Jabłońska; she was baptized that same month. Her mother died suddenly in 1893. She received her education from a private tutor but her strong-willed nature made it hard for the tutor to control her so he resigned. She fostered an intense devotion for the Mother of God as a child.
Both Jabłońska and Chmielowski co-founded the Albertine Sisters on 15 January 1891 and he appointed her on 7 April 1902 as its Superior General - this was a post that she retained until her death. She made her solemn profession as a nun on 6 March 1897. Jabłońska dedicated her life to aid the poor and those who suffered which was something that intensified following her mother's death; she had become a nun despite the defiance of her protective father.
Jabłońska died on 23 September 1940.

## Beatification

The beatification process opened on 17 February 1984 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled her as a Servant of God; Cardinal Franciszek Macharski oversaw the diocesan process from 26 May 1984 to April 1986 and the C.C.S. later validated this process on 30 January 1987 before receiving the Positio in 1992. Theologians approved the cause on 26 April 1996 as did the C.C.S. on 15 October 1996; Pope John Paul II confirmed her heroic virtue and named her as Venerable on 17 December 1996.
The miracle for beatification was investigated and then validated on 30 January 1987; a medical board approved it on 20 November 1996 as did theologians on 7 February 1997 and the C.C.S. on 4 March 1997. John Paul II approved this healing to be a legitimate miracle on 8 March 1997 and then beatified the late nun on 6 June 1997 while on the occasion of his apostolic visitation to Poland.
The current postulator for this cause is Sister Renata Władysława Bobrowska.
# 2021 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) – Women's 200 metre butterfly

The Women's 200 metre butterfly competition of the 2021 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) was held on 17 December 2021.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.
| World record | Mireia Belmonte (ESP) | 1:59.61 | Doha, Qatar | 3 December 2014 |
| Competition record | Mireia Belmonte (ESP) | 1:59.61 | Doha, Qatar | 3 December 2014 |

## Results
### Heats

The heats were started at 10:44.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | 4 | Svetlana Chimrova | Russian Swimming Federation | 2:05.12 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | 4 | Zhang Yufei | China | 2:05.73 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 5 | Anastasiia Markova | Russian Swimming Federation | 2:05.97 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 5 | Lana Pudar | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2:06.07 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | 3 | Maria Ugolkova | Switzerland | 2:06.26 | Q, NR |
| 6 | 4 | 5 | Zsuzsanna Jakabos | Hungary | 2:06.41 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | 3 | Charlotte Hook | United States | 2:06.55 | Q |
| 8 | 3 | 7 | Ilaria Cusinato | Italy | 2:06.60 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | 2 | Zhu Jiaming | China | 2:06.92 | |
| 10 | 3 | 4 | Ilaria Bianchi | Italy | 2:07.20 | |
| 11 | 4 | 1 | Giovanna Diamante | Brazil | 2:07.28 | |
| 12 | 3 | 8 | María José Mata | Mexico | 2:07.34 | |
| 13 | 3 | 3 | Katerine Savard | Canada | 2:07.38 | |
| 14 | 2 | 8 | Ellen Walshe | Ireland | 2:08.16 | |
| 14 | 4 | 8 | Catalina Corró | Spain | 2:08.16 | |
| 16 | 2 | 6 | Ana Monteiro | Portugal | 2:08.85 | |
| 17 | 3 | 6 | Claudia Hufnagl | Austria | 2:09.23 | |
| 18 | 4 | 6 | Laura Lahtinen | Finland | 2:09.30 | |
| 19 | 1 | 4 | Anja Crevar | Serbia | 2:09.33 | NR |
| 20 | 3 | 0 | Kim Seo-yeong | South Korea | 2:09.41 | |
| 21 | 2 | 0 | Jinjutha Pholjamjumrus | Thailand | 2:10.05 | NR |
| 22 | 4 | 2 | Katja Fain | Slovenia | 2:10.30 | |
| 23 | 3 | 1 | Defne Taçyıldız | Turkey | 2:10.52 | |
| 24 | 3 | 2 | Tessa Cieplucha | Canada | 2:11.06 | |
| 25 | 1 | 3 | Zora Ripková | Slovakia | 2:11.41 | |
| 26 | 2 | 1 | Nida Eliz Üstündağ | Turkey | 2:11.49 | |
| 27 | 2 | 7 | Lara Grangeon | France | 2:11.78 | |
| 28 | 4 | 0 | Georgia Damasioti | Greece | 2:12.00 | |
| 29 | 3 | 9 | Lê Thị Mỹ Thảo | Vietnam | 2:12.35 | |
| 30 | 1 | 2 | Julimar Ávila | Honduras | 2:12.90 | |
| 31 | 1 | 5 | Alexandra Dobrin | Romania | 3:12.96 | |
| 32 | 1 | 7 | Alondra Ortíz | Costa Rica | 2:14.66 | |
| 33 | 2 | 9 | Chan Kin Lok | Hong Kong | 2:18.01 | |
| 34 | 1 | 6 | Lia Ana Lima | Angola | 2:24.40 | |
| | 4 | 7 | Quah Jing Wen | Singapore | DNS | |
| | 4 | 9 | María Fe Muñoz | Spain | DNS | |

### Final

The final was held at 18:13.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 5 | Zhang Yufei | China | 2:03.01 | |
| | 1 | Charlotte Hook | United States | 2:04.35 | |
| | 6 | Lana Pudar | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2:04.88 | NR |
| 4 | 4 | Svetlana Chimrova | Russian Swimming Federation | 2:05.65 | |
| 5 | 3 | Anastasiia Markova | Russian Swimming Federation | 2:06.29 | |
| 6 | 7 | Zsuzsanna Jakabos | Hungary | 2:06.82 | |
| 6 | 8 | Ilaria Cusinato | Italy | 2:06.82 | |
| 8 | 2 | Maria Ugolkova | Switzerland | 2:07.01 | |
# 2021 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) – Women's 400 metre individual medley

The Women's 400 metre individual medley competition of the 2021 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) was held on 16 December 2021.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.
| World record | Mireia Belmonte (ESP) | 4:18.94 | Eindhoven, Netherlands | 12 August 2017 |
| Competition record | Mireia Belmonte (ESP) | 4:19.86 | Doha, Qatar | 3 December 2014 |

## Results
### Heats

The heats were started at 11:10.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 4 | 3 | Ilaria Cusinato | Italy | 4:30.27 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | 5 | Tessa Cieplucha | Canada | 4:30.62 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | 4 | Melanie Margalis | United States | 4:30.75 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 9 | Ellen Walshe | Ireland | 4:30.78 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | 4 | Bailey Andison | Canada | 4:31.08 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | 5 | Zsuzsanna Jakabos | Hungary | 4:32.02 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 3 | Katie Shanahan | Great Britain | 4:32.75 | Q |
| 8 | 3 | 6 | Emma Weyant | United States | 4:32.97 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | 0 | Yu Yiting | China | 4:33.29 | |
| 10 | 2 | 4 | Anja Crevar | Serbia | 4:33.30 | |
| 11 | 3 | 2 | Viktoriya Zeynep Güneş | Turkey | 4:34.42 | |
| 12 | 4 | 1 | Viktória Mihályvári-Farkas | Hungary | 4:35.69 | |
| 13 | 4 | 7 | Catalina Corró | Spain | 4:35.74 | |
| 14 | 4 | 8 | Nathalia Almeida | Brazil | 4:36.22 | |
| 15 | 4 | 2 | Maria Ugolkova | Switzerland | 4:37.75 | |
| 16 | 4 | 6 | Anastasiia Sorokina | Russian Swimming Federation | 4:38.49 | |
| 17 | 3 | 8 | Jung Hae-un | South Korea | 4:39.53 | |
| 18 | 4 | 0 | Nikoleta Trníková | Slovakia | 4:39.77 | |
| 19 | 2 | 3 | Jimena Pérez | Spain | 4:39.88 | |
| 20 | 3 | 7 | Kristýna Horská | Czech Republic | 4:39.90 | |
| 21 | 3 | 1 | Deniz Ertan | Turkey | 4:40.39 | |
| 22 | 1 | 4 | Kristen Romano | Puerto Rico | 4:41.84 | NR |
| 23 | 2 | 5 | Jinjutha Pholjamjumrus | Thailand | 4:42.18 | |
| 24 | 4 | 9 | Claudia Hufnagl | Austria | 4:42.64 | |
| 25 | 2 | 6 | Chloe Cheng | Hong Kong | 4:44.53 | |
| 26 | 2 | 1 | Florencia Perotti | Argentina | 4:46.31 | |
| 27 | 2 | 9 | Iman Avdić | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4:47.42 | |
| 28 | 2 | 2 | Alexandra Dobrin | Romania | 4:47.99 | |
| 29 | 2 | 0 | Maria Romanjuk | Estonia | 4:50.91 | |
| 30 | 1 | 5 | Laura Melo | Colombia | 5:00.25 | |
| 31 | 1 | 6 | Karla Abarca | Nicaragua | 5:08.94 | |
| 32 | 1 | 3 | Samantha van Vuure | Curaçao | 5:13.46 | |
| | 2 | 7 | María Fe Muñoz | Peru | DNS | |
| | 2 | 8 | Ashley Lim | Singapore | DNS | |

### Final

The final was held at 18:49.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 5 | Tessa Cieplucha | Canada | 4:25.55 | |
| | 6 | Ellen Walshe | Ireland | 4:26.52 | NR |
| | 3 | Melanie Margalis | United States | 4:26.63 | |
| 4 | 8 | Emma Weyant | United States | 4:27.45 | |
| 5 | 2 | Bailey Andison | Canada | 4:28.97 | |
| 6 | 4 | Ilaria Cusinato | Italy | 4:29.37 | |
| 7 | 7 | Zsuzsanna Jakabos | Hungary | 4:31.49 | |
| 8 | 1 | Katie Shanahan | Great Britain | 4:32.68 | |
# 2021 World Para Athletics European Championships – Men's 400 metres

The men's 400 metres events were held on each day of the 2021 World Para Athletics European Championships in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| T11 | Timothée Adolphe (FRA) Guide: Jeffrey Lami | 50.76 PB | Gerard Descarrega Puigdevall (ESP) Guide: Guillermo Rojo Gil | 51.80 | Eduardo Manuel Uceda Novas (ESP) Guide: Jorge Gutierrez Hellin | 52.80 |
| T12 | Oğuz Akbulut (TUR) | 49.33 CR | Jose Luis Fernandez Taular (ESP) | 50.46 | Anton Kuliatin (RUS) | 50.49 PB |
| T13 | Elmir Jabrayilov (AZE) | 49.88 | Hakan Cira (TUR) | 50.06 | Aleksandr Shirin (RUS) | 50.36 SB |
| T20 | Columba Blango (GBR) | 47.90 ER | Charles-Antoine Kouakou (FRA) | 48.80 | Deliber Rodriguez Ramirez (ESP) | 48.98 PB |
| T36 | Evgenii Shvetsov (RUS) | 54.32 | Krzysztof Ciuksza (POL) | 56.54 | Loukas Ioannis Protonotarios (GRE) | 1:07.22 SB |
| T37 | Andrey Vdovin (RUS) | 51.82 SB | Michal Kotkowski (POL) | 52.40 | Yaroslav Okapinskyi (UKR) | 53.47 PB |
| T38 | Anton Feoktistov (RUS) | 51.70 CR | Shaun Burrows (GBR) | 53.02 PB | Alexander Thomson (GBR) | 54.66 PB |
| T44 | Emanuele di Marino (ITA) | 56.56 ER | Dzmitry Bartashevich (BLR) | 56.91 | Not awarded | Not awarded |
| T47 | Ivan Cvetkovic (SRB) | 50.63 PB | John Bridge (GBR) | 50.75 PB | Riccardo Bagaini (ITA) | 50.92 PB |
| T52 | Thomas Geierspichler (AUT) | 1:07.28 | Beat Bösch (SUI) | 1:08.04 | Kęstutis Skučas (LTU) | 1:08.20 SB |
| T53 | Pierre Fairbank (FRA) | 50.80 | Vitalii Gritsenko (RUS) | 50.98 | Nicolas Brignone (FRA) | 51.78 |
| T54 | Leo-Pekka Tähti (FIN) | 47.72 | Kenny van Weeghel (NED) | 48.12 | Nathan Maguire (GBR) | 48.73 |
| T62 | Olivier Hendriks (NED) | 49.18 PB | Not awarded | Not awarded | Not awarded | Not awarded |
| WR world record | ER European record | CR championship record | NR national record | WL world leading | EL European leading | PB personal best | SB seasonal best |||||| |
# Priscilla (Eddie Cooley song)

"Priscilla" is a 1956 song written by Eddie Cooley, which was a hit with his band The Dimples.
The song was covered by:
* Frankie Vaughan with Wally Stott and his Orchestra and Chorus 1957
* Buddy Lucas 1957
* Dave Burgess and the Toppers 1957
* The Four Jones Boys 1956
* Gus Backus 1961
* Julius La Rosa 1956
* Kevin Young 1961
* Les Brown and his Band of Renown 1956
* The Mercuries 1957
# Edward Leatham

Edward Adam Leatham (2 August 1828 – 6 February 1900) was an English Liberal Member of Parliament.

## Background and early life

Leatham was the son of banker William Leatham of Heath near Wakefield, by his wife Margaret Walker, daughter and heiress of Joshua Walker, of York. The family was part of an influential Quaker community in Yorkshire, one of which had been imprisoned for her religious views. His brother William Henry Leatham was MP for Wakefield and Southern West Riding, and his sister Margaret Elizabeth Leatham married the liberal statesman John Bright. He was educated at University College London, graduating BA in 1848 and MA in 1851 with a distinction which led to his election as a Fellow of the college.

## Political career

Leatham was narrowly elected MP for Huddersfield at the 1859 General Election, winning the representation from Edward Akroyd, "whose Liberalism was of a more Whiggish type" and there was an attempt to unseat him. His victory was celebrated at a banquet at which John Bright, Richard Cobden, Frank Crossley, Baines and others were present. In 1861 he instituted the Huddersfield College Prize Medals for history and English declamation which were awarded for the two subjects in alternate years.
In July 1865 he was defeated by Colonel Crosland who died in 1868 and Leatham won the ensuing by-election with a large majority over Serjeant Sleigh, and held the seat until his retirement in 1886. He supported disestablishment of the Church, undenominational education and was opposed to Home Rule.
In 1875, he acquired an estate at Miserden, Gloucestershire. He was a justice of the peace and deputy lieutenant for the West Riding of Yorkshire, and later a deputy lieutenant for Gloucestershire, of which county he was high sheriff in 1891.
He was a scholar and published a historical romance Charmione: A Tale of the Great Athenian Revolution in 1858. His politics was heavily influenced by his brother-in-law Bright's ideas. For example, Leatham introduced the bill that would become the Ballot Act 1872.
Leatham died at his residence at Miserden, on 6 February 1900 aged 71.

## Family

Leatham was twice married. He first married a sister of Bright, Mary Jane Fowler of Melksham in 1851. Following her death, he married a daughter of Rev. John Constable, and she survived him. His eldest son was A. W. Leatham.
# Eliezer Igra

Eliezer Igra (born 1954/5714) is a rabbi, dayan of the Upper Beit Din of Israel, the Av Beit Din of the Beersheba Beit Din, and the Moshav Rabbi of Kfar Maimon. Igra was a Religious Zionist candidate for Chief Rabbi of Israel in the 2013 nominations for that position. On 21 February 2013, at a convention of leading Religious Zionist rabbis, Igra was voted the leading candidate in a secret ballot, though this vote is not binding and merely a popular declaration of support. Shortly before the actual elections took place, Igra withdrew from the race.
On 30 June 2024, Igra was appointed interim president of the rabbinical court, replacing former Chief Rabbi David Lau alongside Rabbi Yaakov Roja, who is filling the role of former Chief Rabbi Yitzchak Yosef as president of the Council of the Chief Rabbinate.
Eliezer Igra began learning at Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh during which time the Yom Kippur War and he took part in the fighting. After the war, Igra was placed in the battalion commanded by Yonatan Netanyahu with whom he studied Torah. In 1989, at the young age of 33, he was nominated by the Chief Rabbis Mordechai Eliyahu and Avraham Shapira to be a dayan at the Beersheba Beit Din.
Igra is married to Ruhama (wedded by Rabbi Isser Yehuda Unterman) and has nine children.
# Dudley, Minnesota

Dudley is an unincorporated community in Lyon County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

## History

Dudley was platted in 1902. It was named after Dudley, Massachusetts. A post office was established at Dudley in 1903, and closed in 1907.
# 2022 K League

2022 K League may refer to:
* 2022 K League 1 (1st Division)
* 2022 K League 2 (2nd Division)
# Isaac Butterfield

Isaac Butterfield was an American officer who served under Colonel Timothy Bedel during the invasion of Quebec in the American Revolutionary War. He was either a Major or a Lieutenant at the time.
He surrendered to George Forster in the Battle of the Cedars on May 18, 1776, after Bedel left him in charge. He was briefly a prisoner of war until Forster returned the American prisoners as a planned exchange the Americans did not reciprocate.
Benedict Arnold removed both Butterfield and Bedel from command and was court-martialed for this in August 1776.
# Isabel Zendal

Isabel Zendal Gómez (born 1773) was a Spanish nurse from Galicia who took part in the Balmis Expedition (1803-1806, Real Expedición Filantrópica de la Vacuna), which took smallpox vaccination to South America and Asia.
She had previously been the supervisor or "rectoress" of an orphanage in A Coruña, and her role on the expedition was to take care of the group of 22, later 26, small orphan boys who carried the virus from which the vaccine was prepared.
The three-year expedition aimed to vaccinate millions of people against smallpox, and had the support of king Charles IV of Spain whose daughter had died of the disease.

## Name

Her name has been spelled in some 30 different ways including Isabel Sendales y Gómez, Isabel López Gandalia, Ysabel Gómez Sandalla and Isabel Cendala y Gómez. A street in A Coruña, Galicia, Spain was initially named Calle Isabel Lopez Gandalia in her honour. This name was changed in 2017 to Calle Isabel Zendal Gómez as a more accurate version of the name.

## Recognition

In 1950 the World Health Organization recognised her as the first nurse in history to take part in an international mission.
Julia Alvarez's novel Saving the World (2006, Algonquin Books ISBN 9781565125100) draws on Zendal's experience on the expedition.
In 2018 Spanish pharmaceutical group CZ Veterinaria renamed itself Zendal in honor to Isabel Zendal.
The Region of Madrid in Spain has named the Hospital de Emergencias Enfermera Isabel Zendal after her, which was built in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
A statue of Zendal by Francisco Escudeiro was erected in A Coruna in 2020, in rúa Victoria Fernández España near the site of the hospital where she worked.
# Ischnochiton lineolatus

Ischnochiton lineolatus, commonly known as the lined ischnochiton is a species of chiton in the genus Ischnochiton that lives under rocks in the intertidal waters of southern and south-western Australia, from Bass Strait to the central west coast. It is commonly found throughout its wide range, and is often found with Ischnochiton cariosus. It grows to 40 mm long. Its back has a brown rim, and white scales with scattered brown dashes parallel with its axis.
# Ishem Boumaraf

Ishem Boumaraf is an Algerian singer-songwriter of chaouie music. He was born in Batna and he is Originally from T'Kout. Ishem was an ex-member of the musical group Tafert. He was alumnus and at the real time a professor of the regional institute of musical education of Batna.

## Biography

In 2006 Ishem and regional institute of musical education of Batna created the musical group Tafert (Who's translated from chaoui as the challenge). Together released their first album Susa. Their style is a mix of Celtic, rock, reggae, Gnawa and chaouie music.
In 2011 he released his solo album Zazza, inspired by a true story of a young and pretty girl who lost her father murdered in an ambush in the Aures.
In 2014 he released his third album titled Baba Hfouda, in which he pays tribute to the stonemasons of T'kout.

## Discography

* 2006 — Susa
* 2011 — Zazza
* 2014 — Baba Hfouda
# Isaäk Martinus van der Vlerk

Isaäk Martinus van der Vlerk (31 January 1892 – 29 June 1974) was a Dutch paleontologist and geologist who worked in Dutch Indonesia where he was involved in stratigraphic studies based on foraminifera. He applied morphometric studies, examining curvature in foraminifera as a criterion, for determining geological ages of strata.

## Biography

Van der Vlerk was born in Utrecht, and moved to Groningen in 1914 where he studied geology under J.H. Bonnema. After his bachelor's degree he moved to study geology at the University of Basel influenced by August Tobler he started examining fossil foraminifera for dating. His 1922 PhD was under Karl Martin and examined the stratigraphy of Sumbawa in the Dutch East Indies. He then worked with the mining service, working on mapping in Java and Sumatra. He was responsible for the so-called Indonesian letter classification. From 1924 he worked at the Bandung Museum with J.H.F. Umbgrove. Returning to the Netherlands in 1928 he became a curator at the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden while also teaching at the University of Leiden (becoming a professor in 1947). Van der Vlerk introduced morphometric approaches to examining correlations in grade of enclosure and curvature across taxa over time. He discovered a Pleistocene human skull at Hengelo which led to studies on the Dutch Pleistocene along with Frans Florschütz on the stratigraphy and paleontology of the Dutch Pleistocene.
Van der Vlerk was a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences from 1950 onwards.
# Itacajá

Itacajá is a municipality in the state of Tocantins in the Northern region of Brazil.
# Itacambiruçu River

The Itacambiruçu River is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil.
# Ivan Hayes

Ivan John Hayes (born about 1937) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in Tasmania during the 1950s and 1960s. He represented the state several times in interstate matches including the Brisbane Carnival in 1961. He was inducted into the Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame in 2007.

## Early career

Hayes lived near Exeter on the West Tamar and began his football career with that club as a teenager. In 1954 he was a member of the club's premiership team and was also awarded a trophy for being the association's leading goalkicker.

## Longford

Hayes played for Longford in the Northern Tasmanian Football Association (NTFA) from 1956 to 1966.
He was a member of the club's premiership teams in 1957 and 1958, and also played in the NTFA Grand Finals of 1959, 1961, 1962 and 1963.
Ivan Hayes won Longford's Best and Fairest award in 1958.

## Personal life

Hayes had a long working career with the Hydro-Electric Commission in Tasmania, being a linesman for many years.
# Israel Ruby

Israel Ruby was an American attorney and politician who served on the Boston City Council from 1926 to 1934 and was a Judge of the Williamstown District Court from 1937 to 1952.

## Early life

Ruby attended Boston public schools, The English High School, and Northeastern University. He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1913. During World War I, Ruby was denied enlistment to the United States Army and Navy and instead was active in the Liberty bond program and the American Red Cross. He was also a longtime basketball and football referee and served as secretary-treasurer of the New England Basketball Officials' Association. A Zionist, Ruby raised funds for the reconstruction of Jewish settlements destroyed in the 1929 Palestine riots.

## Politics

In 1925, the first year the Boston City Council switched from at-large to district representation, Ruby was elected to represent Ward 14. In 1933, Ruby, then the most senior member of the council not to have served as president, ran for council president. The first vote was taken on January 3. Ruby led on the first ballot, receiving seven votes. On the second ballot, Joseph McGrath took the lead with 8 votes to Ruby's 6, with 8 councilors voting for other candidates. The council remained deadlocked for weeks and Ruby threw his support behind Joseph Cox. Ruby believed that his candidacy had failed because of Antisemitism. In the 1933 election, Ruby finished third behind Maurice M. Goldman and Bernard Finkelstein. He was one of 8 councilors to lose reelection that year.

## Judiciary

In 1937, outgoing Governor James Michael Curley appointed Ruby to be a special justice of the Williamstown District Court. In 1938, Governor Charles F. Hurley promoted him to presiding justice. In 1950, Ruby was accused of unethical conduct and W. Arthur Garrity Jr. was appointed as a special prosecutor. On January 8, 1951, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court justice Edward A. Counihan sustained three of the charges against Ruby and disbarred him. The sustained charges were that Ruby had asked for $25 from a defendant in a gambling case, had solicited divorce business from the bench, and offered to "cinch" an eviction case for a landlord if he loaned him $200 or $300. Although he was disbarred, Ruby was allowed to remain on the bench, as Massachusetts law does not require a judge to be a member of the bar. On April 2, 1952, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court upheld Ruby's disbarment. On April 30, 1952, the Massachusetts Bar Association filed a request for Ruby's impeachment with the Massachusetts General Court. The following day, Ruby resigned. Ruby died on September 7, 1983, in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was 95 years old. At the time of his death, Ruby was a resident of Longmeadow, Massachusetts.