OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Predictable process

In stochastic analysis, a part of the mathematical theory of probability, a predictable process is a stochastic process whose value is knowable at a prior time. The predictable processes form the smallest class that is closed under taking limits of sequences and contains all adapted left-continuous processes.

## Mathematical definition
### Discrete-time process

Given a filtered probability space $(\Omega ,{\mathcal {F}},({\mathcal {F}}_{n})_{n\in \mathbb {N} },\mathbb {P} )$, then a stochastic process $(X_{n})_{n\in \mathbb {N} }$ is predictable if $X_{n+1}$ is measurable with respect to the σ-algebra ${\mathcal {F}}_{n}$ for each n.

### Continuous-time process

Given a filtered probability space $(\Omega ,{\mathcal {F}},({\mathcal {F}}_{t})_{t\geq 0},\mathbb {P} )$, then a continuous-time stochastic process $(X_{t})_{t\geq 0}$ is predictable if $X$, considered as a mapping from $\Omega \times \mathbb {R} _{+}$, is measurable with respect to the σ-algebra generated by all left-continuous adapted processes. This σ-algebra is also called the predictable σ-algebra.

## Examples

* Every deterministic process is a predictable process.
* Every continuous-time adapted process that is left continuous is a predictable process.
# Idle Will Kill

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Kerrang! | |
Idle Will Kill is the second (and final) album by the punk band Osker, released on Epitaph Records in 2001.
In an interview with Mean Street magazine, lead guitarist and songwriter Devon Williams said about the album: "I think I have grown into my mind. I know who I am, and I have an identity. I know how I work. Idle Will Kill describes me better. The underlying theme of all the songs is about me being my own person. The songs are a realization that I’m all I have. And all of these other people are excessive, and sometimes, they are really disappointing."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Devon Williams
# Igreja de Santa Clara (Porto)

Igreja de Santa Clara is a Catholic church located in the parish of Sé in Porto, Portugal.
The construction of the church began in 1416 alongside the Santa Clara Convent for use by nuns of the Order of Poor Clares. The nuns settled in the church in 1427, which was eventually completed in 1457. The building has been modified several times since then; for instance, in 1707–1715 new bedrooms were constructed, in 1729 the chapel was expanded, and in 1931 the fountain in the yard was demolished. The interior of the church is covered in gold and polychrome. Since 1910, it has been classified as a National Monument. It is also classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO as of 1996.
# Idris Hadi Salih

Idris Hadi Salih (born 1952) ادريس هادي صالح, is the Head of Board of Trustees and the President of Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq. He has taken several ministerial positions in Iraq and Kurdistan Region. He is a former Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research in the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) (2006-2009), former Minister of Labor and Social Affairs in Iraq (2005-2006), former Deputy Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Iraq (2004-2005), former Minister of Municipalities and Tourism in KRG (1998), former Minister of Industry and Energy in KRG (1996) and former Minister of Transportation and Communication in KRG (1992-1996). Dr Idris also hold the position of president of Salahaddin University in Erbil, Iraq during 1999-2000, and head of Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Salahaddin University during 1985-1990. He speaks Kurdish, Arabic, English, Russian and some Turkish.

## Education

Idris Hadi Salih earned his bachelor's degree in physics from Sulaimani University, Iraq in 1976. He then traveled to Russia and earned his master's degree in Communication Engineering at Leningrad University, Saint Petersburg, Russia in 1982. He also got a PhD Degree in Communication Engineering (Technical Science) at Leningrad University, Saint Petersburg, Russia in 1985.
# Ifenain Ilmathen

Fenaia Il Maten, or Ifenain Ilmathen is a commune in northern Algeria in the Béjaïa Province. The Béni Mansour-Bejaïa line traverses this community.
36°40′18″N 4°47′26″E﻿ / ﻿36.67167°N 4.79056°E﻿ / 36.67167; 4.79056
* This article about a location in Béjaïa Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Prasophyllum cucullatum

Prasophyllum cucullatum, commonly known as the hooded leek orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a tall orchid with a single smooth, tubular leaf and up to fifty or more purplish-red and white flowers with a frilled labellum crowded along a relatively short flowering stem.

## Description

Prasophyllum cucullatum is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single smooth green, tube-shaped leaf 100–150 mm (4–6 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.1–0.2 in) in diameter. Between ten and fifty or more flowers are arranged on a flowering spike 50–200 mm (2–8 in) tall. The flowers are purplish-red and white, about 7 mm (0.3 in) long and 6 mm (0.2 in) wide. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is broad and the petals and hood-like lateral sepals face forwards. The labellum is mostly white, has frilly edges and is turned upwards towards the lateral sepals. Flowering occurs from August to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

The hooded leek orchid was first formally described in 1871 by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach from specimens collected in 1840 near Albany by Charles von Hügel. The description was published in Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde. The specific epithet (cucullatum) is a Latin word meaning "hooded", referring to the hood formed by the lateral sepals.

## Distribution and habitat

The hooded leek orchid grows in shrubland and in shallow soil pockets on granite outcrops. It occurs from Margaret River and Israelite Bay in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Warren biogeographic regions.

## Conservation

Prasophyllum cucullatum is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Prasophyllum crassum

Prasophyllum crassum is a species of orchid endemic to South Australia. It has a single tube-shaped leaf and up to fifteen greenish and pinkish-brown flowers with a whitish labellum. It is a recently described plant, previously included with P. fitzgeraldii, but distinguished from that species by its smaller number of smaller, less colourful flowers and different labellum shape. It grows in the south-east of the state and usually only appears after fire.

## Description

Prasophyllum crassum is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single tube-shaped, shiny green leaf which is 200–250 mm (8–10 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide but narrower at the base. Between six and fifteen greenish and pinkish-brown flowers with fleshy petals and sepals are arranged along a flowering spike 30–70 mm (1–3 in) long. The flowers are 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long and 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is lance-shaped to egg-shaped, 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long and about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide. The lateral sepals are linear to lance-shaped, 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) long, 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide and mostly free from each other. The petals are greenish-brown with whitish edges, linear to oblong, 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. The labellum is whitish, oblong to egg-shaped, 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long, 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide and curves upward about half-way along with the tip just reaching between the lateral sepals. The edges of the upturned part are wavy or crinkled with hair-like papillae. There is a raised, claw-like, yellowish brown callus in the centre of the labellum and extending almost to its tip. Flowering occurs in late September and early October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Prasophyllum crassum was first formally described in 2017 by David Jones and Robert Bates and the description was published in Australian Orchid Review from a specimen collected in the Desert Camp Conservation Park. The specific epithet (crassum) is a Latin word meaning "thick", "fat" or "stout", referring to the fleshy texture of this orchid.

## Distribution and habitat

This leek orchid mostly grows in low lying, winter wet areas in the Big Heath Conservation Park and between Kingston, Mundulla and Frances. It often grows with other species of leek orchid.
# If, Bwana

If, Bwana is the pseudonym of noise music artist Alan M. Margolis.

## History

Al Margolis has been working under the musical pseudonym If, Bwana since New Year's Day 1984. The moniker is an acronym for "It's Funny, But We Are Not Amused." He has since earned an international reputation for his experimental noise music.

## Recording history

If, Bwana music is a fusion of ambient, industrial, and musique concrète sounds, often featuring strange soundscapes that are both balmy and unnerving at the same time.
Margolis has also been very active as the owner of two prolific labels, the cassette label Sound of Pig and, since the 1990s, Pogus Productions, a CD label with a focus on experimental contemporary classical music.
# If(we)

if(we) is a social and mobile technology company based in San Francisco, California and owned by The Meet Group. It was originally known as Tagged Inc. and owns and operates social networks Tagged.com and Hi5.com and animated iOS messaging app Nod.
The company operates as an incubator of new social technology and apps seeking to find the next big thing. The firm has been ranked the #3 Best Place to Work in the Bay Area for medium size companies and has 140 employees.

## History

The company was created when it acquired Tinode and announced that it would begin working on additional social products besides Tagged and Hi5. It also announced that it would drop plans of pursuing an IPO and concentrate on new social opportunities. If(we) is planning to release a messaging app as its first new product. The company had $57 million in revenue in 2013 and has been profitable since 2008. In March 2017 the company was acquired by MeetMe.

## Online Brands
### Nod

The company released Nod in the app store in July 2015. Nod is a messaging app that features customizable avatars and emoji animations. Apple selected Nod as a best new app.

### Digsby

Digsby is a real-time communications download that connects multiple Instant Messaging services such as AIM, MSN, ICQ and Facebook in one application. It was founded at The Rochester Institute of Technology and was bought in April 2011 as the first acquisition by the company. Digsby was subsequently open sourced by if(we) in 2012.

### hi5

Once one of the top 3 social networks, the company acquired hi5 in December 2011 and merged it into the features on Tagged while operating it as a separate site and brand.

### Sidewalk

Sidewalk is a stand-alone app for local neighborhood discovery. It is available only in San Francisco.

### Swoon

Swoon is an Android dating app similar to Tinder application where people swipe through photographs and indicate their interest in meeting similar to the site Hot or Not. When two people both express mutual interest a match is made and people are invited to online chat with each other.

### Tagged

Tagged is a social discovery service available on the web and mobile apps designed for meeting new people and dating. It was originally a social network but pivoted to be a site to meet new people in 2007. It also offers social games as part of its features. It became profitable in 2008 and had $43 million in revenue in 2011.
# Pre Viam

Pre Viam is the third studio album by the Italian rock band Jacula, released in 2011 nearly four decades after previous work. In the interim, the band's leader, Antonio Bartoccetti, had formed a new band, Antonius Rex. When Bartoccetti brought Jacula back to the recording studio, the original organist, Charles Tiring, had been dead since 1979. Original keyboardist Doris Norton was replaced with Bartoccetti's son, Rexanthony.

## Track listing

LP-vinyl playlist:
* Jacula Is Back
* Pre Viam
* Black Lady Kiss
* Abandoned
* Devien Folle
* In Rain
* Godwitch
* Possaction
CD-Digipack playlist:
* Jacula Is Back
* Pre Viam
* Black Lady Kiss
* Devien Folle
* In Rain
* Godwitch
* Possaction
* 18 Veritates (VIDEO)

## Line-up 2011

* Antonio Bartoccetti - vocals, guitars
* Rexanthony - piano, synthesiser, keyboards
* Florian Gormann - drums

### Guest musicians

* Blacklady - vocals on "Blacklady Kiss", "In Rain" and "Godwitch"
* Katia Stazio - vocals on "Pre Viam" and "Deviens Folle"
# Prince Alexander of Imereti (1760–1780)

Alexander (Georgian: ალექსანდრე; 1760–1780) was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Imereti and the only son of King Solomon I of Imereti by his second wife Mariam née Dadiani.
In 1778, Alexander led a revolt against his own father, which gained support from many influential noble families, such as the Nizharadze, and the catholicos Maxim II Abashidze. Solomon emerged victorious, forcing many of the rebels into exile in the neighboring Georgian kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti, whose ruler Heraclius II had indicated sympathy to the attempted coup. Alexander eventually reconciled with Solomon, but died before his father, leaving the issue of succession unclear and open to rivaling claims, after Solomon's death in 1784, from Solomon's cousin David II, his nephew David (Solomon II), and George. The latter was Alexander's natural son of his marriage (1779) with Princess Darejan née Tsulukidze, which was not recognized as legitimate by the church. Alexander had no issue of his previous marriages with Salome, a daughter of Prince George of Georgia (the future king George XII; January 3, 1777), and with a daughter of Prince Paata Abashidze (1778).

## Issue

* Prince George of Imereti

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Prince Alexander of Imereti (1760–1780) :
# Ilex williamsii

Ilex williamsii is a species of plant in the family Aquifoliaceae. It is endemic to Honduras. It is a seldom-collected cloud forest species. The plant is critically endangered as of 1998.
# Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp minor, BWV 849

The Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp minor, BWV 849, is a pair of keyboard compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is the fourth prelude and fugue in the first book of The Well-Tempered Clavier, a series of 48 preludes and fugues by the composer.

## Prelude

The solemn and expressive, recitative character of the melody is reminiscent of Bach's passion music. A direct relationship between the prelude and its fugue, while not readily apparent, is hinted in the long-held durations of the bass in the first ten measures. If one omits the bass pitches of measures 4–7, what remains of measures 1–10 are the pitches C♯, B♯, E, D♯, C♯ of the fugue's subject. The prelude's most memorable motif is an ascending octave leap, which is heard throughout the piece.

## Fugue

At 115 measures in length, and in five voices, this is one of Bach's longest and most densely-crafted fugues. While it contains three themes, it is not properly structured as a triple fugue because only the first idea receives exposition. The other two themes are more in the nature of countersubjects. The five voices are heard at the beginning of the fugue in ascending order, starting with the bass. The subject is heard in stretto in m. 55, and again densely so in mm. 94–99.
The subject (C♯, B♯, E, D♯ C♯) is a cross motif in half and whole notes. The contour of descending half step, ascending diminished fourth, and descending half step is the same as the Advent Chorale "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" (Kerman 2005, 28).
The second theme, which enters in measure 36, is a flowing changing-tone motif, in eighth notes, that can be heard as a diminution and motivic transformation of the main subject.
In measure 49, a third theme enters in concert with the prior two. These three are heard as invertible counterpoint in measures 49–88, at which point the second theme drops away. Thereafter, the first and third themes continue to the end, with a striking dissonance on the downbeat of measure 112, four bars before the end.
# Prelude and Fugue in C minor, BWV 871

The Prelude and Fugue in C minor, BWV 871, is a keyboard composition by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is the second prelude and fugue in the second book of The Well-Tempered Clavier, a series of 48 preludes and fugues by the composer. It was composed in 1738.

## Prelude

The prelude, in the key of C minor, has 28 measures and is in the time signature of $^4$ $_4$. The prelude is not heavily ornamented, but it does contain a few trills. The piece is mainly made up of sixteenth notes and eighth notes and a few quarter notes and half notes.

## Fugue

The fugue, also in the key of C minor, has 28 measures and the time signature is $^4$ $_4$. It consists of half notes, quarter notes, dotted eighth notes, eighth notes, sixteenth notes, and some 32nd notes. The fugue is not heavily ornamented, and it ends in a Picardy third.
# Princess Maria

Princess Maria may refer to:
* Princess Laetitia Maria of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este (born 2003)
* Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily (1784–1806), Princess of Asturias
* Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy (born 1943), youngest daughter of Italy's last king and his queen
* Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy (1843–1911), Italian princess
* Princess Maria Francesca of Savoy (1914–2000), Italian princess
* Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy (born 1940), daughter of Umberto II
* Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark (1876–1940), 5th child of George I of Greece and Olga Konstantinovna of Russia
* Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1867–1944), mother of Emperor Karl I of Austria
* Princess Maria Laura of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este (born 1988)
* Princess Maria Louise, a character in the fictional anime Mobile Fighter G Gundam
* Princess Maria Manuela of Asturias (1527–1545), Portuguese princess
* Princess Maria of Romania (born 1964), youngest daughter and fifth child of Michael I and Queen Anne
* Princess Maria of Romania (1870-1874), only child of Carol I of Romania and Elisabeth of Wied
* Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma (born 1934), oldest daughter of Umberto II of Italy and Marie-José of Belgium
* Princess Maria Tatiana of Yugoslavia (born 1957), first child of Prince Andrej of Yugoslavia and Princess Christina of Hesse-Kassel
* Princess Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1867–1909), child of Lodovico, Count of Trani and Mathilde Ludovika
# Principles of Hospitality Law

Principles of Hospitality Law (formerly called Principles of Hotel and Catering Law) is a book about Hospitality law by Alan Pannett and Michael Boella. Some of the content of the book relates to contract.

## Principles of Hotel and Catering Law

The first edition of Principles of Hotel and Catering Law by Alan Pannett was published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston in 1984. The second edition was published by Cassell in 1989. Ruth Mitchell described it as being very clear. The third edition was published in 1992. William J Stewart said that the enactment of Food Safety Act 1990 warranted the publication of this edition.

## Principles of Hospitality Law

The first edition of Principles of Hospitality Law by Alan Pannett and Michael Boella was published by Cassell in London in 1996. It is the fourth edition, under a new title, of the book formerly called "Principles of Hotel and Catering Law" by Alan Pannett. The second edition was published in 1999. Nick James described it as "comprehensive" and John Hunter-Jones described it as "engaging and effective".
# Iheyaspira lequios

Iheyaspira lequios is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.
# Iluppaiyur

Iluppaiyur may refer to:
* Iluppaiyur, Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India
* Iluppaiyur, Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India
# Kirtling Tower

Kirtling Tower was a medieval castle and Tudor country house in Kirtling, Cambridgeshire, England, of which the gatehouse still remains.

## History

The first documentary records for Kirtling Tower date from 1219, and the 13th century Kirtling Castle was described as having a moat, a ditch and a palisade. In 1424 there was a substantial rebuilding of the castle by Richard de Beauchamp, the Earl of Warwick, with a hundred oak trees used to create a complex with a parlour, a solar and chambers.
Edward North, a successful lawyer, rebuilt the castle in the 1540s and between 1556 and 1558 using the architect Francis Adams, renaming it Kirtling Hall. The earthworks around the castle were considerably altered to provide for a raised platform for the new house, which included contemporary Tudor features such as a gatehouse, gallery, lodgings, a banqueting house and a garden, complete with grand water features and ponds. Queen Elizabeth I stayed at the castle as the guest of Roger North, 2nd Baron North for three days in September 1578 during her state procession across Cambridgeshire. The visit cost Lord North £642.
The castle continued to develop, and by the 1660s was the largest country house in Cambridgeshire, centered on a symmetrical two-storeyed south-facing range, with east and west wings providing additional accommodation and facilities.
The castle went into decline after 1691 and by 1735 the Victoria County History of the castle describes the property as being "in disorder". Much of the castle was pulled down in 1748 in order to make the remainder habitable for Lord Elibank, but the property went into decline again after his death in 1762. By the 1770s it was unhabitable and most of the castle was pulled down in 1801. In the 1830s the gatehouse was turned into a residential property and was renamed Kirtling Tower; an extension was built in 1872 and the house remained in use under a sequence of tenants.

## Today

The main feature of the castle today is the three-storeyed Tudor gatehouse, which closely resembles the gatehouse at Leez Priory, built by North's friend and fellow lawyer Richard Rich. Built of brick, it has octagonal turrets and an oriel window of Italian design. It is a scheduled monument and a Grade I listed building.
# Kinhawali

Kinhawali is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Kinhawali has 331 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 43.55%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 2163 | 1119 | 1044 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 402 | 203 | 199 |
| Scheduled caste | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Scheduled tribe | 2157 | 1114 | 1043 |
| Literates | 767 | 503 | 264 |
| Workers (all) | 938 | 490 | 448 |
| Main workers (total) | 613 | 351 | 262 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 340 | 234 | 106 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 258 | 103 | 155 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 13 | 12 | 1 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 325 | 139 | 186 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 236 | 112 | 124 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 86 | 26 | 60 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Non-workers | 1225 | 629 | 596 |
# Kiviküla

Kiviküla may refer to several places in Estonia:
* Kiviküla, Lääne County, village in Haapsalu, Lääne County
* Kiviküla, Lääne-Viru County, village in Viru-Nigula Parish, Lääne-Viru County
* Kiviküla, Valga County, village in Valga Parish, Valga County
# Kitty Jay

Kitty Jay may refer to:
* Kitty Jay, subject of Jay's Grave, supposedly the last resting place of a suicide victim
* Kitty Jay (album), a 2004 album by Seth Lakeman
# Kjer

Kjer may refer to:
In people:
* Eva Kjer Hansen (born 1964), the Danish Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
* Bodil Kjer (1917–2003), a Danish actress
* Paul Kjer, Danish ophthalmologist who first described the condition now known as Kjer's optic neuropathy
In other uses: