OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hadley Pottery

Hadley Pottery is an American-based pottery and stoneware company started by Mary Alice Hadley and her husband George E. Hadley in 1945. It is located on Story Avenue in the Butchertown neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky.

## History

Hadley Pottery had its inception in 1939, when Mary Alice Hadley made a custom set of dishware for a cruiser she and her husband George Hadley had on the Ohio River. She created her own design with a nautical flag motif and painted it on unfired blanks that she fired at the Louisville Pottery Co. When friends saw the design of her dishes, they were interested in purchasing dishes of their own, so Hadley created a few more at the Louisville Pottery Co.
With more interest and demand, the Hadleys finally purchased what became the Hadley Pottery building at 1570 Story Ave. in Louisville in October 1944 as a birthday present for Mrs. Hadley. Mrs. Hadley painted all of the murals on the walls of the building and the Hadley Pottery opened for business in 1945. Hadley created a wide range of designs for the company, often inspired by Louisville motifs such as the fleur-de-lis.
After Mary Alice Hadley died in 1965, nine painters continued to hand-paint pieces which are still signed "M.A. Hadley". In 1979 Kenneth Moore bought Hadley Pottery, and then in 2018 Jerry Day purchased the business and opened up a stash of over 6000 pieces which date to the period when Mary Alice Hadley was still alive. In 2022, the business announced it would close, but later announced that the business would indeed stay open.

## Awards

Hadley Pottery was exhibited by the American Craftsmen's Educational Council in 1947, and at the Ceramic National Exhibit at the Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts. In 1952, Mary Alice Hadley received an award from the Museum of Modern Art's Good Design program and her winning design, "Brown Dot" (or "Hot Brown Fleck"), was exhibited in New York and Chicago.

## Collections

* Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, Indiana
* Speed Art Museum, Louisville, Kentucky
* Mary Alice Hadley Ceramics at the Speed Art Museum
* Mary Alice Hadley Ceramics at the Speed Art Museum
# Minnaert (crater)

Minnaert is a large lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, deep in the southern hemisphere. It is partly overlain along the southeastern side by the larger and younger crater Antoniadi. To the west-northwest lies Lyman.
Nearly half the crater is overlain by the rim, outer rampart, and ejecta from Antoniadi. The remaining rim is worn and eroded, with a number of small craterlets along the edge and inner wall. The western interior floor is relatively level, but is marked by ejecta and secondary cratering from Antoniadi. If the crater ever possessed a central ridge, it may now be buried.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Minnaert.
| Minnaert | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| C | 64.2° S | 176.0° W | 15 km (9.3 mi) |
| N | 71.1° S | 176.1° E | 33 km (21 mi) |
| W | 63.4° S | 174.1° E | 24 km (15 mi) |
# 179th Rifle Division

The 179th Vitebsk Red Banner Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II.

## World War II
### Formation

Established at Vilnius on 17 August 1940 as part of the 29th Lithuanian Territorial Rifle Corps on the basis of the 1st Infantry Division of the Lithuanian Army:
| Lithuanian Army units from which the Soviet unit was formed | Soviet units |
| 1st Division's HQ, Lithuanian Army's Staff | HQ |
| 1st Division's HQ, Lithuanian Army's Staff, 9th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Cavalry Regiment | 215th Rifle Regiment |
| 1st, 8th Infantry Regiments, 1st Cavalry Regiment | 234th Rifle Regiment |
| 2nd, 3rd Infantry Regiments, 3rd Cavalry Regiment | 259th Rifle Regiment |

### Battles

With 29th Rifle Corps of 11th Army on June 22, 1941. Fought at Kalinin, Gomel, and Vitebsk; with 4th Shock Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.

## After World War II

It was reduced to the 27th Rifle Brigade in 1948 at Uralsk. It became a division again in October 1953.
In 1955, the division became the 4th Rifle Division at Buzuluk in the South Ural Military District.
# Aristolochia paecilantha

Aristolochia delavayi, known as the party-colored birthwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aristolochiaceae.

## Description

Perennial. Stems striate, prostrate or ascending. Leaves petiolate, broadly cordate at base; limb triangular. Flowers reaching up to 10 cm long; peduncle bending towards the two-thirds. Ovary striate. pubescent. Tube recurved. Strip very dilated, with two cordate and very developed auricles. Outer. part greenish or reddish, puberulent. Inner part glabrous; background brightmyellow overcharged with blackish purple spots.

## Flowering

The plant flowers in April–May.

## Habitat

More or less rocky places, rather shady.

## Distribution

Lower and middle mountains, Hermon.

## Geographic area

It is endemic to Syria, Lebanon and Palestine.
The spots on the bright yellow background of the large flowers of this birthwort are at the origin of its specific name which comes from the Greek poikilos, spotted, and anthos, flower.
# Peperomia leptostachya

Peperomia leptostachya, commonly known as slender peperomia or hairy peperomia, is a small succulent herb in the pepper family Piperaceae found in most parts of the Paleotropic floristic kingdom, from Africa through Asia to Australia and the western Pacific.

## Taxonomy

The hairy peperomia was first described by the British botanists William Jackson Hooker and George Arnott Walker Arnott in 1832, based on material collected in Hawaii. In 1973 the German botanist Ruprecht Düll reduced this to varietal status, giving it the name Peperomia blanda var. leptostachya which became the accepted name for approximately 40 years. More recently, in 2020, the Belgian botanist and Peperomia authority Guido Mathieu published a paper reverting the plant back to its original name.

### Synonyms

As of 16 April 2024, Plants of the World Online recognises 34 synonyms of P. leptostachya, as follows:
* Peperomia blanda var. leptostachya (Hook. & Arn.) Düll (1973)
* Peperomia arabica Decne. ex Miq. (1843)
* Peperomia arabica var. floribunda Miq. (1843)
* Peperomia arabica var. parvifolia C.DC. (1894)
* Peperomia baueriana var. brisbaniana C.DC. 414 (1869)
* Peperomia bequaertii De Wild. (1920)
* Peperomia blanda var. floribunda (Miq.) H.Huber (1988)
* Peperomia brachytrichoides Engl. (1910)
* Peperomia caffra E.Mey. ex Miq. (1843)
* Peperomia candollei H.St.John (1931)
* Peperomia dindygulensis Miq. (1843)
* Peperomia dindygulensis var. hirsuta Trimen (1895)
* Peperomia esquirolii H.Lév. (1911)
* Peperomia heyneana Wight (1853), sensu auct.
* Peperomia insularum Miq. (1845)
* Peperomia kyimbilana C.DC. (1920)
* Peperomia leptostachya var. attenuapica Yunck. (1937)
* Peperomia leptostachya f. cambodiana C.DC. (1910)
* Peperomia leptostachya var. cambodiana (C.DC.) Merr. (1927)
* Peperomia leptostachya f. carnosior C.DC. (1913)
* Peperomia leptostachya var. laxiflora Miq. (1866)
* Peperomia leptostachya var. macrophylla (Setch.) Yunck. (1937)
* Peperomia leptostachya var. marquesensis F.Br. (1935)
* Peperomia leptostachya var. nodosa Hillebr. (1888)
* Peperomia moerenhoutii C.DC. (1869)
* Peperomia moerenhoutii var. macrophylla Setch. (1926)
* Peperomia moerenhoutii var. mangarevensis F.Br. (1935)
* Peperomia moerenhoutii var. petiolata C.DC. (1869)
* Peperomia recurvata var. philippinensis Miq. (1845)
* Peperomia sui Tsan Piao Lin & S.Y.Lu (1995)
* Peperomia thwaitesii C.DC. (1869)
* Peperomia wightiana Wight (1853), nom. illeg.
* Piper australe A.Cunn. ex Miq. (1845)
* Piper ovalifolium B.Heyne (1832), not validly publ.

## Conservation

In Queensland, Australia, this species has been given the status of least concern under the Queensland Government's Nature Conservation Act. As of 16 April 2024, it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
# Alabonia

Alabonia is a genus of gelechioid moths. Here, it is placed within the subfamily Oecophorinae of the concealer moth family (Oecophoridae). Alternatively it has been placed in the Elachistidae or Depressariinae together with its presumed closest relatives. It has also been proposed to separate Alabonia and closely related genera as a subfamily Enicostominae (after the junior synonym of Alabonia), but this has generally not been followed by recent authors regardless of where they placed the present genus.
Species include:
* Alabonia chapmani Walsingham, 1903
* Alabonia geoffrella
* Alabonia herculeella Walsingham, 1903
* Alabonia staintoniella (Zeller, 1850)
* Alabonia superior Rebel, 1917
Junior synonyms of Alabonia are:
* Enicostoma Stephens, 1829
* Henicostoma Agassiz, 1847 (unjustified emendation)

## Footnotes

* ↑ Pitkin & Jenkins (2004), and see references in Savela (2002)
* ↑ "Species Alabonia chapmani. Walsingham, 1903". IBERFAUNA. El Banco de Datos de la Fauna Ibérica. 2008.
* ↑ "Alabonia geoffrella (Linnaeus, 1767)". NBN ATLAS PARTNERSHIP.
* ↑ "Species Alabonia herculeella. Walsingham, 1903". IBERFAUNA. El Banco de Datos de la Fauna Ibérica. 2008.
* ↑ "Alabonia staintoniella (Zeller, 1850)". Fauna Europaea Secretariat.
* ↑ Khramov, Peter. "Alabonia superior Rebel, 1917". Insecta.pro: international entomological community.
* ↑ See references in Savela (2002)
* ↑ Pitkin & Jenkins (2004)
# Llandrinio Bridge

Llandrinio Bridge, Llandrinio, Powys, Wales, is a road bridge over the River Severn. Constructed between 1769 and 1775, the bridge is attributed to John Gwynn of Shrewsbury, a noted local architect who designed a number of crossings over the Severn, as well as Magdalen Bridge in Oxford. The bridge is also the site of defensive structures dating to World War II, including a pillbox disguised as an agricultural cowshed and Dragon's teeth tank traps at its northern end. The bridge is a Grade I listed structure and a Scheduled monument.

## History and description

Archdeacon Thomas, in his History of the Parish of Llandrinio published in 1895, suggested that the site of Llandrinio Bridge represented an ancient crossing, and identified a reference to a medieval ferry in a charter of 1309. The present bridge was built between 1769 and 1775, almost certainly to the designs of John Gwynn. Gwynn, a native of Shrewsbury, designed a number of crossings over the River Severn, including the English Bridge in his home town, and Atcham Bridge in Shropshire. He also worked in Oxford, designing the Covered Market and Magdalen Bridge.
At the outbreak of World War II, plans were made for the defence of Britain in the event of a German invasion. In the west, a defensive line, Western Command Stop Line No.1, followed the line of the Severn from Tewkesbury to Shrewsbury. The line crossed the river at Llandrinio, and the bridge was fortified with a pillbox disguised as an agricultural shed and Dragon's teeth tank traps at its northern end.
The Severn at Llandrinio is susceptible to flooding, which can lead to frequent closure of the bridge. In 2015, particularly severe flooding led to fears that the bridge was at risk of collapse. Subsequent investigations showed that several of the bridge's keystones had been removed by the floodwaters and a major programme of structural repair was required.
Llandrinio Bridge is constructed of pink sandstone. Three arches span the river at a length of 45 metres. Scourfield and Haslam, in their Powys volume of the Pevsner Buildings of Wales, describe Llandrinio as a "humped narrow roadway, yet a most graceful line when seen from the [river] bank." The bridge is a Grade I listed structure and a Scheduled monument.
# Barnacle (surname)

Barnacle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gary Barnacle (born 1959), English musician
* Nora Barnacle (1884–1951), wife of author James Joyce
* Pete Barnacle, drummer for a variety of bands
* Thomas Barnacle (1846–1921), Irish trade unionist
# Leo P. Ribuffo

Leo Paul Ribuffo (September 23, 1945 – November 27, 2018) was an American historian. He was Society of the Cincinnati George Washington Distinguished Professor at George Washington University.

## Life

Born in Paterson, New Jersey, in 1945, Ribuffo graduated from Rutgers University in 1966 with a B.A. in history and earned a Ph.D. in American Studies from Yale University in 1976.
He taught at Yale University from 1970 to 1972 and Bucknell University from 1972 to 1973. He moved to George Washington University in 1973.
He received grants from the American Council of Learned Societies and the National Endowment for the Humanities, served as visiting professor at Fudan University in China, and held the Organization of American Historians-American Studies Association residency in Japan.
He was academic adviser to The World of F. Scott Fitzgerald (NPR), With God on Our Side (PBS-TV) and the documentary film The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg.
Ribuffo was also worked as a specialist abroad for the United States Information Agency (USIA) in Nigeria and the Republic of Korea.
He died on November 27, 2018.

## Awards

* 1985 Merle Curti Award

## Writings
### Books

* Old Christian Right: The Protestant Far Right from the Great Depression to the Cold War. 1983. (reprint Temple University Press, 1988, ISBN 978-0-87722-598-0) online edition
* Right Center Left: Essays in American History. Rutgers University Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0-8135-1776-6.
* The Limits of Moderation: Jimmy Carter and the Ironies of American Liberalism. Westphalia Press. 2023. ISBN 1637238398.

### Contributions

* Elliott Abrams, ed. (2001). "Comments". The influence of faith: religious groups and U.S. foreign policy. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-0763-0.
* Stephen J. Whitfield, ed. (2004). "1974-1988". A companion to 20th-century America. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-21100-6.
* Michal R. Belknap, ed. (1994). "United States v. McWilliams: The Roosevelt Administration and the Far Right". American political trials. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-94437-7.
* Bruce Kuklick; Darryl G. Hart, eds. (1997). "Afterword: Cultural Shouting Matching and the Academic Study of American Religious History". Religious advocacy and American history. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-4260-2.

### Essays

* "Leo P. Ribuffo: President Obama". Religion and Ethics Newsweekly. WGBH. November 10, 2008.
* "What Underlies Obama's Analysis of "The People""". History News Network. April 14, 2008.
* "The C-SPAN Poll: An Empirical Challenge to the Participants". History News Network. February 17, 2009.
# Peloid

Peloid is defined as a mature clay, mud or mud suspension or dispersion with curative or cosmetic properties, consisting of a complex mixture of fine-grained materials of geological and/or biological origin, mineral or sea water, and organic compounds commonly arising from some biological metabolic activity", used therapeutically, as part of balneotherapy, or therapeutic bathing. Peloids consist of humus and minerals formed over many years by geological and biological, chemical and physical processes.
Numerous peloids are available today, of which the most popular are peat pulps, various medicinal clays, mined in various locations around the world, and a variety of plant substances. Also, health spas often use locally available lake and sea muds and clays. Peloid procedures are also various; the most common of them are peloid wraps, peloid baths, and peloid packs applied locally to the part of the body, which is being treated.
Peloid packs and, specifically, peat, have been used in Europe for medicinal baths and wraps for the past 200 years.
Peloid preparation varies in different spas. Typically, peloids are matured for a period of up to 2 years in special ponds:
   The majority of spas ... use artificial ponds where the natural ("virgin") clay is mixed with mineral, thermo-mineral, or sea water that issues in the vicinity of the spas or inside the spa buildings.
Peloid treatments have been used for rheumatic disorders, osteoarthritis, gynecological disorders, sciatica, skin diseases, trauma and many more various afflictions and ailments.
Peloids are widely used in cosmetology in the form of facial masks. Peloid mask applications result in mild exfoliation, short term hydration and changes in the oil content of the most superficial layer of the skin, the epidermis which consists of dead sloughed poorly compacted cells. However, there is no scientific evidence of any effect on the underlying deeper skin layers below the epidermis or on longer term skin health, such as wrinkle formation, dyspigmentation and loss of elasticity.
# Alabum

52°00′04″N 3°47′36″W﻿ / ﻿52.00119°N 3.79341°W﻿ / 52.00119; -3.79341
The rectangular enclosure that defined this Roman fort was built in the 70s AD as part of the campaign to integrate southern Wales into the Roman province of Britannia Superior. It lay on a key road, now known as the Sarn Helen (RR69), from the legionary fortress of Isca Augusta (Caerleon) that ran north west across Wales to Bremia and on to North Wales. It also sat on a road (the Via Julia Montana, or RR623) running from Moridunum (Carmarthen) across to eastern Wales at Castell Collen (Llandrindod Wells). It thus held an important crossroads along with a bridging point over the River Towy, and the town that grew up near the fort retained its significance and became Llandovery.

## Name and Designation

The name Alabum is known from a 7th-century list of places known as the Ravenna Cosmography and is identified as this particular fort from the arrangement of the named places along the Roman road network.
The western side of the site has some well preserved scarped banks although much of the fort has been built-over or otherwise obscured. Early documentation of the site was made in 1873, where it was suggested it could be the location for 'Loventinum', a place name recorded by Ptolemy for which Pumsaint has subsequently been the preferred location. The Llandovery fort was noted on the First Series Ordnance Survey map of 1888. In 1949 the Llandovery site was identified as a good fit for the place-name of Alabum. On 11 April 1961 it was designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument (Ref. CM188), giving the site statutory protection from damage.

## Location

The enclosure is 170 metres (560 ft) by 120 metres (390 ft) and at some point was reduced in size. The presence of some earlier ceramics and evidence from stratigraphy hints at a possible earlier (50s AD) beginning to the fort. It is located within the former parish of Llanfair-ar-y-bryn and is within the community of Llandovery in the Welsh county of Carmarthenshire. The road now known as Llanfair Hill runs through the site of the fort enclosure, and may well be on the line of one of the Roman streets. St Mary's Church, a 12th-century building on the site of an earlier monastic cell, also stands within the fort enclosure.

## History

The 5.25 acres (2.12 ha) fort was probably built in the 1st century with an enclosing rampart and double ditch. A quadruple ditch was dug on the north-east side to protect the flat terrain in that direction. A stone revetment was later added. A military bath house lay between the fort and the River Bran. The chain of military forts across southern Wales appear to have been active between the 70s to 120s AD, although there is some evidence of the site still being occupied into the 4th century.
A faint earthwork can still be seen around the church of St Mary which has Roman tiles incorporated into its fabric.
# Pioneer Rocks, West Virginia

Pioneer Rocks is an unincorporated community in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States.
# Atyriodes

Atyriodes is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae described by Warren in 1895.

## Species

* Atyriodes cyrene (Druce, 1885)
* Atyriodes janeira (Schaus, 1892)
# Liam Ó Dúgáin

Liam Ó Dúgáin was an Irish scribe who flourished in the mid-19th century.
A native of Claregalway, Ó Dúgáin was a relation of Tomás Bacach Ó Dúgáin and Maolsheachlainn Ó Dúgáin, all of the same parish. His scribal work consists of songs.
# Leo Palatinus

Leo Palatinus (Latin for Palatine Lion) was a constellation created by the astronomer Karl-Joseph König in 1785. He created the constellation to honor the patrons, Count Palatine Charles Theodore and Countess Palatine Elizabeth Auguste, of the observatory in Mannheim, Germany, where he worked. However, the constellation failed to attract attention from contemporary and subsequent astronomers, and it was never depicted in a chart aside from the 1785 description.
Leo Palatinus was made of two non-contiguous groups of stars: a scattering of fourth-magnitude stars in far northwestern Aquarius made a crowned lion, and second part of even fainter stars west of Equuleus made a monogram CTEA (the combined initials of König's patrons) above the lion.
# Pepsin, Missouri

Pepsin is an unincorporated community in Newton County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Pepsin was established in 1892, and remained in operation until 1903. It is unknown why the name "Pepsin" was applied to this community.
# Burstyn

Burstyn, Burshtyn, Burshtin, Birshtyn, or Bursztyn are derived from Polish (bursztyn) or Ukrainian (Бурштин) for amber. It corresponds to German and Yiddish surname Bernstein. It may refer to:

## People

* Burshtin (Hasidic dynasty)
* Dina Bursztyn (born 1948), Argentine sculptor
* Ellen Burstyn, American actress, host of The Ellen Burstyn Show
* Feliza Bursztyn, Colombian sculptor
* Gunther Burstyn (1879-1945), Austrian inventor and officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army
* Igal Bursztyn, Israeli film director, writer, producer
* Joseph Burstyn (1899–1953), Polish-American film distributor
* Mike Burstyn (born 1945), American actor
* Thomas Burstyn (born 1954), Canadian cinematographer

## Places

* Burshtyn, Ukraine
** Burshtyn TES
# Pitscottie

Pitscottie is a village in the Parish of Ceres, Fife, situated on the Ceres Burn at a road junction to the south of Dura Den and 3 miles (5 km) southeast of Cupar. The nearby Pitscottie Moor was a favourite meeting place of Covenanters during the late 17th century and during the 1820s the village became a centre of flax spinning. There is an 18th-century bridge over the Ceres Burn.

## Robert Lindsay

It was the home of Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie, who wrote the first vernacular prose history of Scotland entitled The Historie and Cronicles of Scotland, 1436 - 1565.

## Frances Groome

In 1882–4, Frances Groome's Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland described Pitscottie like this:
   "Pitscottie, a hamlet in Ceres parish, Fife, on the right bank of Ceres Burn, 1½ mile NE of Ceres village and 3 miles ESE of Cupar. It takes its name, signifying the 'little hollow,' from its position between two confronting rising-grounds at the entrance to Dura Den; and two flax spinning-mills were erected at it in 1827. A 'countrie hous covered with strae and ried,' which stood on a small adjoining plateau, now occupied by the modern farmstead of Pitscottie, was the residence of Robert Lindsay, author of the quaint Chronicles of Scotland from 1436 to 1565. Pitscottie Moor, in the immediate neighbourhood, was a frequent meeting-place of the Covenanters for field preachings; and is named in a decree of 1671 against certain ousted ministers."

## Sources

* —Ord. Sur., sh. 41, 1857.
56°18′N 2°56′W﻿ / ﻿56.300°N 2.933°W﻿ / 56.300; -2.933
# Ljubine

Ljubine is a village in the municipalities of Ribnik, Republika Srpska and Ključ, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 26, all Serbs living in the Ribnik part, with no one living in the Ključ part.