OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Manifold hypothesis

The manifold hypothesis posits that many high-dimensional data sets that occur in the real world actually lie along low-dimensional latent manifolds inside that high-dimensional space. As a consequence of the manifold hypothesis, many data sets that appear to initially require many variables to describe, can actually be described by a comparatively small number of variables, likened to the local coordinate system of the underlying manifold. It is suggested that this principle underpins the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in describing high-dimensional data sets by considering a few common features.
The manifold hypothesis is related to the effectiveness of nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques in machine learning. Many techniques of dimensional reduction make the assumption that data lies along a low-dimensional submanifold, such as manifold sculpting, manifold alignment, and manifold regularization.
The major implications of this hypothesis is that
* Machine learning models only have to fit relatively simple, low-dimensional, highly structured subspaces within their potential input space (latent manifolds).
* Within one of these manifolds, it’s always possible to interpolate between two inputs, that is to say, morph one into another via a continuous path along which all points fall on the manifold.
The ability to interpolate between samples is the key to generalization in deep learning.

## The information geometry of statistical manifolds

An empirically-motivated approach to the manifold hypothesis focuses on its correspondence with an effective theory for manifold learning under the assumption that robust machine learning requires encoding the dataset of interest using methods for data compression. This perspective gradually emerged using the tools of information geometry thanks to the coordinated effort of scientists working on the efficient coding hypothesis, predictive coding and variational Bayesian methods.
The argument for reasoning about the information geometry on the latent space of distributions rests upon the existence and uniqueness of the Fisher information metric. In this general setting, we are trying to find a stochastic embedding of a statistical manifold. From the perspective of dynamical systems, in the big data regime this manifold generally exhibits certain properties such as homeostasis:
* We can sample large amounts of data from the underlying generative process.
* Machine Learning experiments are reproducible, so the statistics of the generating process exhibit stationarity.
In a sense made precise by theoretical neuroscientists working on the free energy principle, the statistical manifold in question possesses a Markov blanket.
# John Morris (archdeacon of St Andrews)

John Frederick Morris was a Canadian Anglican priest, most notably Archdeacon of St Andrews in the Diocese of Montreal from 1940 until 1967.
Morris was educated at McGill University and the General Theological Seminary, New York and ordained in 1914. After a curacy at Glen Sutton he held incumbencies in Verdun and Montreal.
# Preah Vesandor

Preah Vesandor is a 1993 musical movie starring Tep Rundaro, Pisith Pilika, Oum Sovanny, Ampor Tevi and other stars of the time.

## Soundtrack

| Song | Singer(s) | Notes |
| Kout Jet Nung Met Tida | Ros Serey Sothear | Picturized on Neary Roth Kunthea |
| Tomnuonh Neang Metrei | Him Sivorn | Picturized on Pisith Pilika |
| Preah Vesandor | Bun Janton | Picturized on Tep Rundaro |
| Pka Reek Bang Sluk | Sinn Sisamouth, Ros Serey Sothear, Pan Ron | Picturized on Tep Rundaro |
| Srey Na Doch Knhom | Him Sivorn | Picturized on Oum Sovanny |
| My Love For You | Prum Sovuthy and Un Sophal | Starring Yuos Bovannak and Ampor Tevi |
| Haum Krolean | Prum Sovuthy and Him Sivorn | Starring Neay Kuy and Jum Reksmey |
| Veal Srey Sronos | Sinn Sisamouth | Starring Hong Poly and Hok Leakenna |
| Veal Srey Sronos | Pan Ron | Starring Hong Poly and Hok Leakenna |
| Baek Kaóm | Ros Serey Sothear | Picturized on Oum Sovanny |

## Cast

* Tep Rundaro
* Prum Sovuthy
* Oum Sovanny
* Pisith Pilika
* Yuthara Chany
* Hong Poly Maktura
* Ampor Tevi
* Neay Kuy
* Hok Leakenna
* Keo Koliyan
* Neary Roth Kunthea
* Jum Reksmey
* Yuos Bovannak
# Application discovery and understanding

Application discovery and understanding (ADU) is the process of automatically analyzing artifacts of a software application and determining metadata structures associated with the application in the form of lists of data elements and business rules. The relationships discovered between this application and a central metadata registry is then stored in the metadata registry itself.

## Business benefits of ADU

On average, developers are spending only 5% of their time writing new code, 20% modifying the legacy code and up to 60% understanding the existing code. Thus, ADU saves a great deal of time and expense for organizations that are involved in the change control and impact analysis of complex computer systems. Impact analysis allows managers to know that if specific structures are changed or removed altogether, what the impact of those changes might be to enterprise-wide systems. This process has been largely used in the preparation of Y2K changes and validations in software.
Application Discovery and Understanding is part of the process enabling development teams to learn and improve themselves by providing information on the context and current state of the application.
The process of gaining application understanding is greatly accelerated when the extracted metadata is displayed using interactive diagrams.
When a developer can browse the metadata, and drill down into relevant details on demand, then application understanding is achieved in a way that is natural to the developer. Significant reductions in the effort and time required to perform full impact analysis have been reported when ADU tools are implemented. ADU tools are especially beneficial to newly hired developers. A newly hired developer will be productive much sooner and will require less assistance from the existing staff when ADU tools are in place.

## ADU process

ADU software is usually written to scan the following application structures:
* Data structures of all kinds
* Application source code
* User interfaces (searching for labels of forms)
* Reports
The output of the ADU process frequently includes:
* Lists of previously registered data elements discovered within an application
* List of unregistered data elements discovered
Note that a registered data element is any data element that already exists within a metadata registry.
# Beatrice Lennie

Edith Beatrice Catharine Lennie (June 16, 1905 – June 1, 1987) was a Canadian painter and sculptor. She is primarily known for her public sculptures in Vancouver, British Columbia, many of which remain in Vancouver today. Lennie was more concerned with rendering an idea than with a realistic depiction of her subject.

## Career

In 1929, as a member of the original graduating class of the Vancouver School of Decorative and Applied Arts, Lennie was active in student affairs including founding the Pasovas Club "that aimed for the furtherance of art education". She served as its first president. The Pasovas Club met regularly at Bee Lennie's studio where they held life drawing sessions. In addition, they held regular exhibitions at the BC Art League Gallery at 649 Seymour Street and later at the Vancouver Art Gallery on Georgia Street.
In 1933, after her studies in California, she was invited by F. H. Varley and Jock Macdonald to teach sculpture and modeling at the newly founded, and short-lived, BC Institute of the Arts. In 1950, she sculpted a frieze and reliefs for St. John's Shaughnessy Anglican Church.
Lennie has a long exhibition history, including shows at the Vancouver Art Gallery, the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, the British Columbia Society of Fine Arts and the Art Institute of Seattle.
Lennie stated with regards to her public commission for the Vancouver Labour Temple (1949) that:
   So many people have this Victorian idea of a woman sculptor. ...They think of women 'tiddling' with pretty little figurines and vases when actually sculptoring for a living is a hard and demanding life. I spent six months on the labor mural in the workshops of a big construction company and the union men were shocked.
# 1999 Karl Schäfer Memorial

The 1999 Karl Schäfer Memorial (also known as the Vienna Cup) took place from October 6 through 9th, 1999. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and ice dancing.

## Results
### Men

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | SP | FS |
| 1 | Vincent Restencourt | France | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Andrejs Vlascenko | Germany | 4.5 | 5 | 2 |
| 3 | Justin Dillon | United States | 4.5 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | Patrick Schmitt | Luxembourg | 7.0 | 6 | 4 |
| 5 | Vakhtang Murvanidze | Georgia | 7.5 | 4 | 5 |
| 6 | Robert Grzegorczyk | Poland | 9.0 | 2 | 8 |
| 7 | Don Baldwin | United States | 9.5 | 7 | 6 |
| 8 | Radek Horák | Czech Republic | 11.5 | 9 | 7 |
| 9 | Róbert Kažimír | Slovakia | 13.0 | 8 | 9 |
| 10 | Christian Horvath | Austria | 15.0 | 11 | 10 |
| 11 | Clemens Jonas | Austria | 17.0 | 12 | 11 |
| 12 | Michael Amentas | Australia | 17.0 | 10 | 12 |
| 13 | Angelo Dolfini | Italy | 19.5 | 13 | 13 |
| 14 | Panayiotis Markouizos | Greece | 21.0 | 14 | 14 |

### Ladies

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | SP | FS |
| 1 | Sarah Hughes | United States | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Krisztina Czakó | Hungary | 3.5 | 3 | 2 |
| 3 | Júlia Sebestyén | Hungary | 5.0 | 4 | 3 |
| 4 | Brittney McConn | United States | 5.0 | 2 | 4 |
| 5 | Sabina Wojtala | Poland | 7.5 | 5 | 5 |
| 6 | Marta Andrade | Spain | 11.0 | 10 | 6 |
| 7 | Anna Wenzel | Austria | 11.0 | 8 | 7 |
| 8 | Zuzana Paurová | Slovakia | 12.5 | 9 | 8 |
| 9 | Veronika Dytrtová | Czech Republic | 13.5 | 9 | 9 |
| 10 | Klara Bramfeldt | Sweden | 13.5 | 7 | 10 |
| 11 | Helena Pajović | Yugoslavia | 16.5 | 11 | 11 |
| WD | Anna Chatziathanasiou | Greece | | 12 | |
| WD | Angela Tuska | Austria | | | |

### Ice dancing

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | CD | OD | FD |
| 1 | Julie Keeble / Łukasz Zalewski | United Kingdom | 2.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Aleksandra Kauc / Filip Bernadowski | Poland | 4.0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | Kateřina Kovalová / David Szurman | Czech Republic | 6.4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | Véronique Delobel / Olivier Chapuis | France | 8.4 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Crystal Beckerdite / Matt Healey | United States | 10.4 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| 6 | Andrea Hackl / Tamás Sári | Hungary | 12.8 | 8 | 6 | 6 |
| 7 | Linda Tarjani / Krisztian Zsibrita | Hungary | 14.0 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| 8 | Zuzana Durkovska / Marian Masaros | Slovakia | 16.4 | 9 | 8 | 8 |
| 9 | Portia Duval-Rigby / Francis Rigby | Australia | 19.4 | 11 | 10 | 9 |
| 10 | Ana Galic / Andrei Griazev | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 19.4 | 10 | 9 | 10 |
| WD | Angelika Führing / Bruno Ellinger | Austria | | 3 | | |
| WD | Jenny Dahlen / Igor Lukanin | Azerbaijan | | | | |
# Argynnis ruslana

Argynnis ruslana is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in eastern China, Amurland, Korea, and Japan.
The larvae feed on Viola species.

## Subspecies

There are two recognised subspecies:
* Argynnis ruslana ruslana (Amur, Ussuri)
* Argynnis ruslana lysippe (Japan)

## Gallery

* Upper side, in Tokyo.
* Lower side, in Tokyo.
* This Heliconiinae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Aponoeme amazonica

Aponoeme amazonica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by U. R. Martins in 1985. It is known from the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
# Navia phelpsiae

Navia phelpsiae is a plant species in the genus Navia. The species is endemic to Venezuela.
# Mahadevendra Saraswati V

Mahadevendra Saraswathi V was the 67th Peethadishwar of the Kanchi matha.

## Life and times

Saraswathi was born as Lakshmikanthan to Narasimha Sastri and Lakshmi in 1889. It is also said that he was named Lakshminarasimha (combining his parents' names).
He was given the title Mahadevendra Saraswathi and made the Shankaracharya in 1907. He occupied the post for a brief period of seven days and died in 1907. He was succeeded by his first cousin, Swaminathan, a boy of thirteen, who became the sixty-eighth Shankaracharya with the title Chandrashekarendra Saraswati VIII.
He was in the service of his guru Sri Chandrashekarendra Saraswati VII who was the pontiff of the mutt from 1891. When he was offered the position of next Acharya after Chandrashekharendra Saraswati VII, Lakshmikanthan who incidentally was a native of Thiruvisainallur, refused to become the Acharya, but preferred to be in the service of his guru wherever he goes. On hearing this, the guru was moved by his devotion and told that as his life coming to an end, let him accept the position till Swaminathan comes from Villupuram. After that, "I will call you to whichever place I will be in". Coincidentally, the moment Swaminathan entered Kalavai, Lakshmikanthan, now known as Mahadevendra Saraswathi V, attained siddhi and died of delirium, only 1 week after ascending the position as the Shankaracharya.
Sri Mahadevendra Saraswathi's Samadhi is located in Kalavai, next to his Guru, Sri Chandrasekahrendra Saraswathi VII's samadhi. He was also struck by the same disease that caused the Siddhi of his Guru. He died within seven days of ascending the throne of the mutt. But before he died, he had sent word for Swaminathan to be his successor.
| Preceded byChandrasekharendra Saraswati VII | 67th Shankaracharya of Kanchi 6 February 1907– 13 February 1907 | Succeeded byChandrasekarendra Saraswati VIII |
* This article about a person notable in Hinduism is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# 1988 Algerian Cup final

The 1988 Algerian Cup Final was the 26th final of the Algerian Cup. The final took place on June 23, 1988, at Stade 5 Juillet 1962 in Algiers. USK Alger beat CR Belcourt 5-4 on penalties to win their second Algerian Cup.

## Pre-match

USM Alger managed to win the Algerian Cup for the second time after winning against CR Belcourt with penalties at Stade 5 Juillet 1962 which is the fourth final between the two teams and the first victory for USMA after three defeats, after the match Amar Kabrane was subjected to great criticism and was accused of deliberately wasting the penalty shootout, especially since he then moved to them.

### Details

| USK Alger | CR Belcourt |
| GK | 1 | Yacine Bentalaa (c) |
| RB | 2 | M'hamed Soumatia |
| LB | 4 | Farid Bengana |
| CB | | Redouane Bellemou |
| CB | 3 | Rabah Kourifa |
| MF | 6 | Farid Mouaci |
| MF | 7 | Amirouche Lalili |
| MF | | Fawzi Benkhalidi | 67' |
| MF | | Athmane Nourine |
| MF | 10 | Salim Boutamine | | 102' |
| FW | 11 | Tarek Hadj Adlane |
| Substitutes : ||
| FW | 8 | Boualem Baaziz | | 102' |
| | | Samir Keddou |
| | | Samir Osmane |
| | | Réda Saadedine |
| Manager : ||
| Djamel Keddou & Mustapha Aksouh ||
Djamel Boudjelti :
| DF | | Abderrazak Dahmani |
| DF | | Rachid Meziane (c) |
| DF | | Djamel Amani | 59' |
| DF | | Abdelkader Khodja |
| MF | | Ahmed Kohil |
| MF | | Mourad Badache | 105' |
| MF | | Nacer Mekidéche |
| MF | | Belkacem Demdoum |
| MF | 10 | Hocine Yahi |
| FW | | Noureddine Neggazi |
| Substitutes : |||
| | 12 | Toufik Zouati | 59' |
| MF | | Ammar Kabrane | 105' |
| Manager : |||
| Mohammed Boudjenoune ||||
| MATCH OFFICIALS Assistant referees: Mimoune Sayeh Fourth official: MAN OF THE MATCH (USM Alger) | MATCH RULES 90 minutes. 30 minutes of extra-time if necessary. Penalty shootout if scores still level. Seven named substitutes. Maximum of three substitutions. |
# Little River (Atlantic Ocean)

The Little River (Atlantic Ocean) may refer to a river in the United States:
* Little River (New Hampshire Atlantic coast)
* Little River (Horry County, South Carolina)
# 2006 European Amateur Boxing Championships

The Men's 2006 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria from July 13 to July 23. The 36th edition of this bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA.

## Medal winners

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Light Flyweight (– 48 kilograms) | David Ayrapetyan Russia | Alfonso Pinto Italy | Mumin Veli Macedonia Hovhannes Danielyan Armenia |
| Flyweight (– 51 kilograms) | Georgi Balakshin Russia | Samir Mammadov Azerbaijan | Bato-Munko Vankeev Belarus Jérôme Thomas France |
| Bantamweight (– 54 kilograms) | Ali Aliyev Russia | Detelin Dalakliev Bulgaria | Mirsad Ahmeti Croatia Zsolt Bedak Hungary |
| Featherweight (– 57 kilograms) | Albert Selimov Russia | Shahin Imranov Azerbaijan | Stephen Smith England Alexey Shaydulin Bulgaria |
| Lightweight (– 60 kilograms) | Alexey Tishchenko Russia | Hrachik Javakhyan Armenia | Vazgen Safaryants Belarus Olexandr Klyuchko Ukraine |
| Light Welterweight (– 64 kilograms) | Boris Georgiev Bulgaria | Oleg Komissarov Russia | Ionut Gheorghe Romania Gyula Kate Hungary |
| Welterweight (– 69 kilograms) | Andrey Balanov Russia | Spas Genov Bulgaria | Oleksandr Stretskyy Ukraine Kahaber Jvania Georgia |
| Middleweight (– 75 kilograms) | Matvey Korobov Russia | Rahib Beylarov Azerbaijan | Oleksandr Usyk Ukraine Fundo Mhura Scotland |
| Light Heavyweight (– 81 kilograms) | Artur Beterbiyev Russia | Ismail Sillakh Ukraine | Kenneth Egan Ireland Constantin Bejenaru Romania |
| Heavyweight (– 91 kilograms) | Denis Poyatsika Ukraine | Roman Romanchuk Russia | Elchin Alizade Azerbaijan Alexander Povernov Germany |
| Super Heavyweight (+ 91 kilograms) | Islam Timurziev Russia | Robert Helenius Finland | Kubrat Pulev Bulgaria Kurban Gunebakan Turkey |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Russia (RUS) | 9 | 2 | 0 | 11 |
| 2 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Ukraine (UKR) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 4 | Azerbaijan (AZE) | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 5 | Armenia (ARM) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Finland (FIN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Belarus (BLR) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 8 | Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 8 | Romania (ROU) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 11 | Croatia (CRO) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | England (ENG) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | France (FRA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Georgia (GEO) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Germany (GER) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Ireland (IRL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | North Macedonia (MKD) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Scotland (SCO) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | Turkey (TUR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (19 entries) | Totals (19 entries) | 11 | 11 | 22 | 44 |
# Kepler-28

Kepler-28 is an M-type main-sequence star about 1,450 light-years (440 parsecs) away in the northern constellation of Cygnus. With an apparent visual magnitude of 15.036, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. It is orbited by two exoplanets.

## Planetary system

The two transiting planets of Kepler-28 were discovered in 2011 using the Kepler space telescope, and were confirmed in early 2012. They are both warm sub-Neptune gas planets. The planetary parameters were updated in 2023, with lower values for all of mass, radius, and density compared to previous estimates.
The Kepler-28 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | 1.63+0.51 −0.40 M$_🜨$ | 0.062 | 5.91213(17) | <0.08 | — | 1.959+0.043 −0.042 R$_🜨$ |
| c | 2.06+0.70 −0.52 M$_🜨$ | 0.081 | 8.98597(27) | 0.017+0.023 −0.014 | — | 1.857±0.042 R$_🜨$ |
# Neo-medieval

Neo-medieval may refer to:
* Medieval revival architecture, or neo-medieval architecture
* Neo-medieval music
* Neo-medievalism
* Neomedieval Forts in Ceuta, Spain
# 2021 Zagreb Open – Doubles

This was the first edition of the tournament since 2011.
Evan King and Hunter Reese won the title after defeating Andrey Golubev and Aleksandr Nedovyesov 6–2, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$ in the final.

## Seeds

* Andrey Golubev / Aleksandr Nedovyesov (final)
* Romain Arneodo / Albano Olivetti (semifinals)
* Evan King / Hunter Reese (champions)
* Sadio Doumbia / Fabien Reboul (withdrew)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A Golubev A Nedovyesov | 6 | 2 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Báez T Seyboth Wild | 1 | 6 | [0] | 1 | A Golubev A Nedovyesov | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Popko A Tabilo | 4 | 6 | [10] | | D Popko A Tabilo | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Pasha M Schnur | 6 | 1 | [7] | | | | | | 1 | A Golubev A Nedovyesov | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | |
| Alt | JM Cerúndolo R Olivo | | | | | | | | | | S Walków J Zieliński | 6$^5$ | 4 | | | | | |
| | J Jung G Soeda | w/o | | | | J Jung G Soeda | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Walków J Zieliński | 6 | 6 | | | S Walków J Zieliński | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | D Golubev E Tiurnev | 0 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | A Golubev A Nedovyesov | 2 | 6$^4$ |
| | R Jebavý A Martin | 6$^6$ | 7$^{14}$ | [11] | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | E King H Reese | 6 | 7$^7$ |
| | S Balaji R Ramanathan | 7$^8$ | 6$^{12}$ | [9] | | R Jebavý A Martin | 6 | 3 | [4] | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Z Babić F Fallert | 7$^7$ | 4 | [8] | 3 | E King H Reese | 2 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | E King H Reese | 6$^4$ | 6 | [10] | | | | | | 3 | E King H Reese | 7$^{10}$ | 3 | [10] | | | | |
| WC | D Ajduković F Ninčević | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | 2 | R Arneodo A Olivetti | 6$^8$ | 6 | [5] | | | | |
| | F Coria E Gómez | 3 | 6$^2$ | | WC | D Ajduković F Ninčević | 5 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Margaroli M Safwat | 3 | 6$^5$ | | 2 | R Arneodo A Olivetti | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | R Arneodo A Olivetti | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# John Rolfe Gardiner

John Rolfe Gardiner (born 1936) is an American author of several novels and short stories.

## Life and career

He is best known for his novel Somewhere in France (1999), aside from which he has written four other novels and two short-story collections. Sixteen of his stories were published in The New Yorker; others were published in The American Scholar and in other publications. His short story "The Voyage Out" was anthologized in The Best American Short Stories. His work was awarded the Lila Wallace Reader's Digest Writers Award and the O. Henry Award.
Gardiner's stories often take place in his native Virginia, but also in various places in Europe, most prominently in France. His work has received vast critical acclaim:
   Elegantly written, this funny, poignant gem of a book..
   This is an abundant work that you'll want to read more than once
   There is something tantalizingly sinister about Gardiner's short stories: a hint of intrigue and a soupcon of the illicit connect them all... Haunting fare from a master storyteller, richly evocative and thought provoking
   Gardiner is a wonderfully distinctive writer whose often funny stories are animated by a healing, intelligent compassion for characters groping for redemption in a heartless world
Gardiner lives in Middleburg, Virginia, with his artist wife Joan. They have one daughter, Nicola.