OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Assize of Northampton

The Assize of Northampton, largely based on the Assize of Clarendon of 1166, is among a series of measures taken by King Henry II of England that solidified the rights of the knightly tenants and made all possession of land subject to and guaranteed by royal law.
The assize is believed to have been passed at a council held in Northampton in January 1176.

## Clarendon extended

The assize confirmed the offences to be brought forward by the jury of presentment according to Clarendon, and added arson and forgery to the list. It also set down new and severe punishments that could be handed down, including the removal of an offender's right hand.

## Aftermath of revolt

Following as it did the Revolt of 1173–74, the Assizes included a wide-ranging oath of fealty (Item 6), as well as items concerning castles (8 and 11), insisting especially that "the justices see to it that the castles which have been destroyed are utterly demolished."

## Administrative reforms

The assize is connected with the reorganisation of itinerant justices and contains instructions for six groups of justices appointed to tour the country. Bailiffs and sheriffs were made answerable for their profits, as well as given powers to hold thieves. Clause 7 dealt with the introduction of important new legislation, chiefly the king's right to have certain cases brought into his court.
The Assize of Northampton is also the first official document to contain information on the question of seisin and disseisin, anticipating the later possessory assizes of mort d'ancestor and novel disseisin.

## Revenue

Crown revenue increased significantly following the Assize, reflecting the impact of the judicial eyres. As G. M. Trevelyan put it, "The Justices were quite as busy collecting the King's revenues as enforcing the King's peace. They were two sides of the same operation."
# 2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships – Men's 25K

The Men's 25K race at the 2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships was swum on Thursday, July 22, 2010 in Roberval, Quebec, Canada.
The race began at 9 a.m., and was swum in the Lac Saint-Jean in the city centre. 21 men swam the event.
The 25 kilometre distance of the race was reached by completed 10 laps of the 2.5-kilometre course set up for the championships.

## Results

All times in hours:minutes:seconds
| Place | Swimmer | Country | Time |
| 1 | Alex Meyer | USA | 5:32:39.38 |
| 2 | Valerio Cleri | Italy | 5:32:40.40 |
| 3 | Petar Stoychev | Bulgaria | 5:33:50.29 |
| 4 | Edoardo Stochino | Italy | 5:35:08.46 |
| 5 | Bertrand Venturi | France | 5:36:10.75 |
| 6 | Simon Tobin | Canada | 5:37:09.74 |
| 7 | Josef Kinderwater | USA | 5:37:32.67 |
| 8 | Joanes Hedel | France | 5:37:48.38 |
| 9 | Damián Blaum | Argentina | 5:39:27.33 |
| 10 | Libor Smolka | Czech Republic | 5:39:31.30 |
| 11 | David Browne | Australia | 5:39:52.44 |
| 12 | Rostislav Vitek | Czech Republic | 5:42:24.45 |
| 13 | Xavier Desharnais | Canada | 5:51:48.45 |
| 14 | Josip Soldo | Croatia | 5:59:43.05 |
| 15 | Evgenij Popacev | Macedonia | 6:03:01.01 |
| 16 | Ivan Afanevich | Russia | 6:13:18.56 |
| 17 | Michal Skrodzki | Poland | 6:18:25.99 |
| – | Raul Alberto Macedo | Argentina | DNF |
| – | Vasily Boykov | Russia | DNF |
| – | Tomislav Soldo | Croatia | DNF |
| – | Sergiy Fesenko | Azerbaijan | DNS |
# 2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships – Men's 10K

The Men's 10K race at the 2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships was swum on Sunday, July 18, 2010, in Roberval, Quebec, Canada.
The race began at 11:30 a.m., and was swum in the Lac Saint-Jean in the city centre. 37 men swam the event.
The 10-kilometre distance of the race was reached by completed 4 laps of the 2.5-kilometre course set up for the championships.

## Results

All times in hours : minutes : seconds
| Place | Swimmer | Country | Time |
| 1 | Valerio Cleri | Italy | 2:00:59.3 |
| 2 | Evgeny Drattsev | Russia | 2:01:00.6 |
| 3 | Vladimir Dyatchin | Russia | 2:01:03.0 |
| 4 | Fran Crippen | USA | 2:01:05.0 |
| 5 | Luca Ferretti | Italy | 2:01:07.8 |
| 6 | Thomas Lurz | Germany | 2:01:08.5 |
| 7 | Chip Peterson | USA | 2:01:10.0 |
| 8 | Igor Chervynskiy | Ukraine | 2:01:12.9 |
| 9 | Petar Stoychev | Bulgaria | 2:01:13.0 |
| 10 | Allan do Carmo | Brazil | 2:01:15.2 |
| 11 | Rodrigo Elorza | Mexico | 2:01:17.5 |
| 12 | Bertrand Venturi | France | 2:01:18.0 |
| 13 | Richard Weinberger | Canada | 2:01:20.6 |
| 14 | Julien Codevelle | France | 2:01:28.3 |
| 15 | David Browne | Australia | 2:01:56.9 |
| 16 | Sergiy Fesenko | Ukraine | 2:02:14.5 |
| 17 | Simon Tobin | Canada | 2:02:17.3 |
| 18 | Iván López | Mexico | 2:02:20.3 |
| 19 | Christian Reichert | Germany | 2:02:51.4 |
| 20 | Tom Vangeneugden | Belgium | 2:03:01.7 |
| 21 | Filipe Alcantra | Brazil | 2:03:12.2 |
| 22 | Chad Ho | South Africa | 2:04:44.5 |
| 23 | Michael Dmitriev | Israel | 2:05:45.1 |
| 24 | Ivan Enderica Ochoa | Ecuador | 2:06:16.9 |
| 25 | Jan Posmourny | Czech Republic | 2:06:44.7 |
| 26 | Jakub Fichtl | Czech Republic | 2:09:42.4 |
| 27 | Tomislav Soldo | Croatia | 2:13:11.5 |
| 28 | Michal Skrodzki | Poland | 2:24:30.7 |
| – | Josip Soldo | Croatia | DSQ |
| – | Diego Nogueira Montera | Spain | DNF |
| – | Kostiantyn Ukradyga | Ukraine | DNF |
| – | Rhys Mainstone | Australia | DNF |
| – | Daniel Fogg | Great Britain | DNF |
| – | Fancisco Jose Hervas Jadar | Spain | DNF |
| – | Thomas Allen | Great Britain | DNF |
| – | Brian Ryckeman | Belgium | DNF |
| – | Spyridon Gianniots | Greece | DNF |
# 2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships – Women's 10K

The Women's 10K race at the 2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships was swum on Saturday, July 17, 2010, in Roberval, Quebec, Canada. It was the first event of the 2010 Open Water Worlds.
The race began at 11:30 a.m., and was swum in the Lac Saint-Jean in the city center. 37 women swam the event.
The 10 kilometre distance of the race was reached by completed 4 laps of the 2.5-kilometre course set up for the championships.

## Results

All times in hours:minutes:seconds
| Place | Swimmer | Country | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Martina Grimaldi | Italy | 2:05:45.2 | |
| 2 | Giorgia Consiglio | Italy | 2:05:57.4 | |
| 3 | Melissa Gorman | Australia | 2:05:57.9 | result reinstated |
| 4 | Fang Yanqiao | China | 2:05:59.1 | |
| 5 | Angela Maurer | Germany | 2:05:59.2 | |
| 6 | Ana Marcela Cunha | Brazil | 2:05:59.7 | |
| 7 | Christine Jenning | USA | 2:06:01.1 | |
| 8 | Keri-Anne Payne | Great Britain | 2:06:01.4 | |
| 9 | Erika Villaecija | Spain | 2:06:01.5 | |
| 10 | Linsy Heister | Netherlands | 2:06:04.6 | |
| 11 | Ophélie Aspord | France | 2:06:04.8 | |
| 12 | Alejandra Gonzalez | Mexico | 2:06:07.0 | |
| 13 | Yurema Requena | Spain | 2:06:25.8 | |
| 14 | Jana Pechanová | Czech Republic | 2:06:28.5 | |
| 15 | Cassandra Patten | Great Britain | 2:06:39.5 | |
| 16 | Ekaterina Seliverstova | Russia | 2:06:44.2 | |
| 17 | Cara Baker | New Zealand | 2:06:45.8 | |
| 18 | Zaira Cardenas Hernandez | Mexico | 2:06:48.4 | |
| 19 | Stacey Hansford | Australia | 2:07:39.7 | |
| 20 | Karla Šitić | Croatia | 2:08:33.2 | |
| 21 | Siyu Yan | China | 2:08:33.2 | |
| 22 | Katia Barros Esquivel | Ecuador | 2:08:38.2 | |
| 23 | Nadine Reichert | Germany | 2:08:40.1 | |
| 24 | Olga Beresnyeva | Ukraine | 2:08:44.8 | |
| 25 | Nataly Caldas-Calle | Ecuador | 2:08:48.8 | |
| 26 | Natalie du Toit | South Africa | 2:09:00.1 | |
| 27 | Anastasia Zhidkova | Azerbaijan | 2:09:01.0 | |
| 28 | Nadine Williams | Canada | 2:10:05.8 | |
| 29 | Inha Kotsur | Azerbaijan | 2:12:16.8 | |
| -- | Eva Fabian | USA | DQ | |
| -- | Poliana Okimoto | Brazil | DQ | |
| -- | Aurélie Muller | France | DQ | |
| -- | Marianna Lymperta | Greece | DQ | |
| -- | Kalliopi Araouzou | Greece | DNF | |
| -- | Teja Zupan | Slovenia | DNF | |
| -- | Zsofia Balazs | Canada | DNF | |
| -- | Manon Lammens | Belgium | DNF | |

### Gorman disqualification

During the race Australia's Melissa Gorman was disqualified (DQ'd) for unsportsmanlike conduct. Three days later, on Tuesday, July 20, 2010, following a protest of her DQ by Swimming Australia, FINA overturned Gorman's DQ, reinstating her result which placed her in third. This moved China's FANG Yanqiao (and the rest of the finishers below them) down one place; Fang moving from third to fourth. France's Aurélie Muller's similar DQ for unsportsmanlike conduct was also reviewed; however, her disqualification was not overturned.
# Askin's tumor

Askin's tumor is a rare, primitive neuroectodermal tumor which arises from the soft tissues of the chest wall, particularly of the paravertebral region. It was first described by Askin et al. in 1979. Askin's tumor is now recognized as part of the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. This neoplasm tended to recur locally, but did not seem to disseminate as widely as some of the other small cell tumors of childhood such as rhabdomyosarcoma or neuroblastoma.
# Askiminokonson

Askiminokonson, called Indian Town by English settlers, was a Native American settlement in Maryland. It was inhabited by the Pocomoke, Annamessex, Manokin, Nasswattex, and Acquintica Native American tribes. It was the largest Native American settlement in Maryland in 1671, and was incorporated into another reservation in 1686. Askiminokoson was located just north of the Pocomoke River, near present-day Snow Hill, Maryland. Askiminokoson was mentioned in the proceedings of the Council of Maryland (which became the Maryland General Assembly) in 1686 as part of a land dispute between settlers and Native Americans.
# 1998–99 Winthrop Eagles men's basketball team

The 1998–99 Winthrop Eagles men's basketball team represented Winthrop University during the 1998–99 college basketball season. This was head coach Gregg Marshall's first season at Winthrop. The Eagles competed in the Big South Conference and played their home games at Winthrop Coliseum. They finished the season 21–8, 9–1 in Big South play to finish first in the conference regular season standings. They won the 1999 Big South Conference men's basketball tournament to receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1999 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament – the first appearance in program history. Playing as No. 16 seed in the South region, the Eagles lost to No. 1 seed Auburn in the opening round.

## Roster

Source

## Schedule and results

* All times are Eastern
| Date time, TV | Rank$^#$ | Opponent$^#$ | Result | Record | Site (attendance) city, state |
| Non-conference regular season ||||||
| Nov 14, 1998* | | Virginia–Wise | W 71–50 | 1–0 | Winthrop Coliseum Rock Hill, South Carolina |
| Nov 16, 1998* | | Mercer | W 79–63 | 2–0 | Winthrop Coliseum Rock Hill, South Carolina |
| Nov 23, 1998* | | Furman | W 60–59 | 3–0 | Winthrop Coliseum Rock Hill, South Carolina |
| Nov 28, 1998* | | at Minnesota | L 59–68 | 3–1 | Williams Arena Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Dec 2, 1998* | | at Central Florida | L 57–79 | 3–2 | UCF Arena Orlando, Florida |
| Dec 5, 1998* | | Campbell | W 64–58 | 4–2 | Winthrop Coliseum Rock Hill, South Carolina |
| Dec 8, 1998* | | at The Citadel | W 64–49 | 5–2 | McAlister Field House Charleston, South Carolina |
| Dec 17, 1998* | | at NC State | L 51–81 | 5–3 | Reynolds Coliseum Raleigh, North Carolina |
| Dec 20, 1998* | | at Appalachian State | L 53–74 | 5–4 | Varsity Gymnasium Boone, North Carolina |
| Dec 30, 1998* | | at Virginia Tech | L 55–62 | 5–5 | Cassell Coliseum Blacksburg, Virginia |
| Big South Regular Season ||||||
| Jan 9, 1999 | | Radford | W 70–56 | 1–0 | Winthrop Coliseum Rock Hill, South Carolina |
| Feb 20, 1999 | | UNC Asheville | W 61–57 | 9–1 | Winthrop Coliseum Rock Hill, South Carolina |
| Big South tournament ||||||
| Feb 26, 1999* | | vs. Charleston Southern Semifinals | W 70–61 | 20–7 | Asheville Civic Center Asheville, North Carolina |
| Feb 27, 1999* | | vs. Radford Championship game | W 86–74 | 21–7 | Asheville Civic Center Asheville, North Carolina |
| NCAA tournament ||||||
| Mar 11, 1999* | (16 S) | vs. (1 S) No. 4 Auburn First round | L 41–80 | 21–8 | RCA Dome Indianapolis, Indiana |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. S=South. All times are in Eastern. ||||||
Source
# Asterolamia cingulata

Asterolamia cingulata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of two known species within the genus Asterolamia, the other being Asterolamia hians.
# Aspergillus huiyaniae

Aspergillus huiyaniae is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Fumigati section. Several fungi from this section produce heat-resistant ascospores, and the isolates from this section are frequently obtained from locations where natural fires have previously occurred. The species was first described in 2014. It has been isolated from desert soil in Xinjiang, China.
# Astley

Astley may refer to:

## People

* Astley (name)

## Places in England

* Astley, Greater Manchester, a village
* Astley, Warwickshire, a village and parish
* Astley, Worcestershire, a village and parish
* Astley, Shropshire, a village and parish
* Astley Village, in Lancashire
* Astley's, London, Astley's Equestrian Amphitheatre
* Astley Castle, North Warwickshire
# Little Jacques (1953 film)

Little Jacques (French: Le petit Jacques) is a 1953 French drama film directed by Robert Bibal and starring Jean-Pierre Kérien, Blanchette Brunoy and Christian Fourcade.

## Cast

* Jean-Pierre Kérien as Noël Rambert
* Blanchette Brunoy as Marthe Rambert
* Christian Fourcade as Le petit Jacques Rambert
* Howard Vernon as Daniel Mortal
* Micheline Francey as Claire Mortal
* Célia Cortez as Mlle Edmée, l'assistante
* Pierre Jourdan as Paul Laverdac
* Jean Tissier as Le juge d'instruction Dubois
* Jacques Charon as L'avocat de la défense Me. Merlin
* Lucien Nat as Le procureur
* Charles Roy as Le docteur Dr. Arthez
* Odette Barencey as La concierge
* Charles Bayard as Un actionnaire
* Louise Bazin
* Robert Charlet
* Emile Dars
* Paul Demange as Le vieux beau
* Pierre Larquey
* Charles Lemontier as L'aumônier
* Mag-Avril as La caissière
* Jacques Mattler
* Mick Micheyl as La chanteuse
* Jean-Michel Rankovitch as Gobergeau
* Guy Saint-Clair
* André Saint-Luc
* Gabriel Sardet as Le président
# Little Japanese horseshoe bat

The little Japanese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus cornutus) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Japan and possibly China. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. As of 2012, it had not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List.
# Little Jacks Creek, New South Wales

Little Jacks Creek is a locality in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The locality is in the Liverpool Plains Shire local government area, 359 kilometres (223 mi) north west of the state capital, Sydney.
At the 2021 census, Little Jacks Creek had a population of 19.
# Association of Directors of Adult Social Services

The Association of Directors of Adult Social Services (ADASS) is a charity representing directors of adult social services in England, and is a leading body on social care issues.
The association aims to further the interests of people in need of social care by promoting high standards of social care services and influencing the development of social care legislation and policy.
Membership is drawn from serving directors of adult social care employed by the 152 local authorities in England with social care responsibilities. Former directors are associate members, and deputy and assistant directors are also involved in the work of the association.
The association acts as a lobbying voice for social care, pressing, for example, for adequate funding, and defending the performance of social care departments. It has also worked alongside other organisations such as the Care and Support Alliance, the Care Provider Alliance and the NHS Confederation whose members are affected by the pressures on social care.
ADASS issues guidance to local authorities on professional standards and the law, for example in respect of Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards, subsequent to the decision in the case in Cheshire West.
It reports that 400,000 fewer people received social care services in England in 2014-5 than in 2009-10, despite an increasingly elderly population. The proportion provided directly by local councils is also falling.
Sarah McClinton, president of the Association, said at the annual National Children and Adult Services Conference in Manchester in November 2022 that a “staggering” number of people were not getting the care and support they needed as requests for help outstrip local councils’ ability to provide it.
# Association of Directory Publishers

The Association of Directory Publishers (ADP) is an international trade organization for print and online directory publishers. It intends to be a resource for collaborating, networking, and sharing best practices in directory publishing. Specifically, they offer services and tools for the creation of directories toward the advertising goals of their clients. It also functions with a governance system wherein each company has one vote, with which they can use to determine the leadership and direction of the Association.

## History

The group formed in 1898 as the Association of American Directory Publishers, headquartered in New York. It aimed "to improve the directory business." It changed its name to the Association of North American Directory Publishers in 1919. It has held annual meetings starting in 1899 and has published the Directory Bulletin. Officers have included George W. Overton and Ralph Lane Polk. Among the members in the 1920s:
* Action Pages
* Atkinson Erie Directory Company
* Atlanta City Directory Company
* W.H. Boyd Company
* Burch Directory Company
* Caron Directory Company
* Chicago Directory Company
* J.W. Clement Company
* Cleveland Directory Company
* Connelly Directory Company
* Fitzgerald Directory Company
* Gate City Directory Company
* Hartford Printing Company
* Henderson Directories Ltd.
* Hill Directory Company
* C.E. Howe Company
* Kimball Directory Company
* Leshnick Directory Company
* Los Angeles Directory Company
* John Lovell & Son Ltd.
* McCoy Directory Company
* H.A. Manning Company
* Maritime Directory Company
* Henry M. Meek Publishing Company
* Might Directories Ltd.
* Minneapolis Directory Company
* Piedmont Directory Company
* R.L. Polk & Company
* Polk-Gould Directory Company
* Polk-Husted Directory Company
* Polk-McAvoy Directory Company
* Polk's Southern Directory Company
* Portland Directory Company
* Price & Lee Company
* W.L. Richmond
* Roberts Bros Company
* Sampson & Murdock Company
* Soards Directory Company
* Utica Directory Publishing Company
* Williams Directory Company
* John F. Worley Directory Company
* Wright Directory Company
In 1992 the group renamed itself the "Association of Directory Publishers."
# Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy

The Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy was created in 1990 with the union of three astronomical observatories: the Bucharest Astronomical Observatory, the Cluj Observatory and the Timișoara Observatory.

## The Bucharest astronomical observatory
### History

The astronomical observatory of Bucharest was established on April 1, 1908, by decree of the Minister of Education and Religious Affairs, Spiru Haret. Nicolae Coculescu was appointed first director of the observatory. Construction work began in 1910 on Filaret Hill in Carol Park (in the south of the city) and lasted two years. The astronomical observatory included a main building for scientific laboratories and administrative offices and a dome for an 11.5-meter telescope. Together with the astronomical observatory, a meteorological observatory was created. In 1920, the meteorological observatory was administratively separated from the astronomical observatory. In 1945, the astronomical observatory came under the coordination of the University of Bucharest and in 1951 it came under the control of the Romanian Academy. From 1975 to 1990, the Astronomical Observatory was again an independent institution. On April 1, 1990, three Romanian astronomical observatories (those in Bucharest, Cluj and Timișoara) were brought together under the guidance of a single organization: the Institute of Astronomy of the Romanian Academy. In 1990, the restoration of the observatory buildings began. In 1999, a planetarium was built for educational purposes.

### Directors

* 1908–1938: Nicolae Coculescu (founder of the observatory)
* 1938–1943: Constantin C. Popovici
* 1943–1963: Gheorghe Demetrescu
* 1963–1977: Constantin Drâmbă
# Assyrian Muslim Cemetery

The Assyrian Muslim Cemetery is a Muslim cemetery in Mountrail County, North Dakota, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. It is the oldest Muslim cemetery in the United States, and was the only Muslim cemetery in North Dakota for 90 years. It is located 1/4 mile south of US 2 on 87th Ave. NW, near Ross.

## Mosque

The original mosque at the site was built in 1929 by immigrants from what is now Lebanon and Syria. A modest 15 by 15 feet (4.6 m × 4.6 m) replacement mosque was built in 2005, although it was built for historical purposes and is rarely used.
# Atarashiki Nihongo Rock no Michi to Hikari

Atarashiki Nihongo Rokku No Michi To Hikari (新しき日本語ロックの道と光) was the first album by the Japanese rock band Sambomaster.

## Track listing

* Itoshiki Hibi
* Sono Nukumori ni Yō ga Aru
* Hito wa Sore o Jōnetsu to Yobu
* Yogisha de Yatte Kita Aitsu
* Zanzō
* Kono Yo no Hate
* Sayonara Baby
* Oh Baby
* Soredemo Kamawanai
* Asa
* This 2003 rock album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# 2-MAPB

2-MAPB is a recreational designer drug with empathogenic effects. As with other related substituted benzofuran derivatives such as 6-APB and 5-MAPB, 2-MAPB is a monoamine releaser with some selectivity for serotonin release, generally similar in pharmacological profile to MDMA but with greater activity as a directly acting agonist of 5-HT$_2$ receptor subtypes and somewhat greater toxicity. 2-MAPB has been isolated from post-mortem toxicology screens in several drug-related fatal adverse reactions but generally only as a component of combinations of drugs, making it difficult to determine how much it contributed to the deaths. It is illegal in Japan.
# 2-MCPD

2-MCPD (2-chloropropane-1,3-diol) is an organic chemical compound with the formula ClCH(CH$_2$(OH))$_2$. It is a colorless liquid. The compound has attracted notoreity as a food contaminant. Together with the 3-MCPD, it is one of two chloropropanols food contaminants. It is suspected to be carcinogenic in humans.
2-MCPD, together with its isomer 3-MCPD, is thought to be produced when fat-containing foods are treated at high temperatures with hydrochloric acid. Such treatments are sometimes used to accelerate protein hydrolysis, making food more digestable. In such a treatment chloride is thought to react with the glycerol backbone of lipids to produce 2- and 3-MCPD.