OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel

The Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel was a geological survey made by order of the Secretary of War according to acts of Congress of March 2, 1867, and March 3, 1869, under the direction of Brig. and Bvt. Major General A. A. Humphreys, Chief of Engineers, by Clarence King, U. S. geologist. More commonly known as the Fortieth Parallel Survey, the survey conducted field work from 1867 to 1872, exploring the area along the fortieth parallel north from northeastern California, through Nevada, to eastern Wyoming.

## Results

The results of the survey were published in eight volumes of the Fortieth Parallel Survey:
* Vol. I. Systematic geology, by Clarence King, U. S. Geologist. 1878. xii, 803 pp., and atlas of 12 sheets.
* Vol. II. Descriptive geology, by Arnold Hague and S. F. Emmons. 1877. xiii, 890 pp.
* Vol. III. Mining industry, by James Duncan Hague, with geological contributions by Clarence King. 1870. xv, 647 pp. and atlas of 14 sheets.
* Vol. IV. Part I, Palaeontology. by F. B. Meek. Part II, Palaeontology, by James Hall and R. P. Whitfield. Part III, Ornithology, by Robert Ridgway. 1877. xii, 669 pp.
* Vol. V. Botany, by Sereno Watson, aided by Prof. Daniel C. Eaton and others. 1871. liii, 525 pp.
* Vol. VI. Microscopical petrography, by Ferdinand Zirkel. 1876. xv, 297 pp.
* Vol. VII. Odontornithes, A monograph on the extinct toothed birds of North America, by Othniel Charles Marsh. 1880. xv, 201 pp.
* Special Publication: List of plants collected in Nevada and Utah, 1867-69; numbered as distributed. Sereno Watson, collector.
Atlases:
* Atlas accompanying the report of the Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel. by Clarence King, U. S. geologist-in-charge. 1876. Julius Bien, Lithographer. Folio, 2 11., (title and legend), 1 single and 11 double folio sheets (1 single folio map, 10 double folio maps, 1 double folio section).
* Atlas accompanying Volume III on Mining Industry. [List of plates.] Engraved and printed by Julius Bien, New York. Folio, 11. (title page), 14 plates.
# Geological Conservation Review

The Geological Conservation Review (GCR) is produced by the UK's Joint Nature Conservation Committee and is designed to identify those sites of national and international importance needed to show all the key scientific elements of the geological and geomorphological features of Britain. These sites display sediments, rocks, minerals, fossils, and features of the landscape that make a special contribution to an understanding and appreciation of Earth science and the geological history of Britain, which stretches back more than three billion years. The intention of the project, which was devised in 1974 by George Black and William Wimbledon working for the Governmental advisory agency, the Nature Conservancy Council (NCC), was activated in 1977. It aimed to provide the scientific rationale and information base for the conservation of geological SSSIs (Sites of Special Scientific Interest, protected under British law (latterly the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, as amended 1995). The NCC and country conservation agencies were established in 1990 when JNCC became established (Environmental Protection Act 1990) and took over responsibility for managing the GCR site assessment process, and publishing accounts of accepted sites.
By 2000, over 3000 localities had been identified as qualifying for GCR standard (SSSI standard). NCC and later JNCC, have published detailed site descriptions of the GCR localities. For part of the GCR Series of books, commercial publishers were involved, principally Chapman & Hall. As of 2010, 36 of the planned 45 volumes had been published, with volumes 15 to 36 published by JNCC directly, and available for sale through the Natural History Book Service, Totnes.
# Avonacanthus

Avonacanthus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the lower Carboniferous. The name is derived from the type locality of Avon Gorge, near Bristol, England. It contains a single species, A. brevis, which was originally regarded as a species of Ctenacanthus. It is currently known only from fin spines. It is probably a cladistically basal Heslerodid.
# Peter Drekmeier

Peter Drekmeier (born July 6, 1965) is Policy Director for the Tuolumne River Trust, former Mayor of The City of Palo Alto, and a co-founding member of Acterra, and worked closely with Dennis Hayes during the Earthday 1990 movement.
On April 21, 2016, the day before Earth Day, Drekmeier was lauded at Party for the Planet, an event hosted by Acterra to push business (especially in Silicon Valley) to pioneer environmental stewardship, to set an example for their global counterparts. Xerox Corporation was mentioned as an example, for dedication in 1990 of full-time engineers to reducing its environmental footprint.
Drekmeier has been a champion for people and planet - studying political science at UC Berkeley and as a promoter and example of environmental stewardship.
# Hergisdorf

Hergisdorf is a municipality in the Mansfeld-Südharz district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
# Henry of Limburg-Broich

Henry of Limburg-Broich (? - 1446) was the Count of Limburg-Broich from 1439 - 1446.
Henry was a son of Count Theodoric IV of Limburg-Styrum. When Count William I of Limburg-Styrum died in 1439, the County was partitioned with Henry receiving the Lordship of Broich. Henry died in 1449 and was succeeded by William.
| Preceded by: | Henry | Succeeded by: |
| William I of Limburg-Styrum | Count of Limburg-Broich 1439 - 1446 | William |
# Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne

Henry of Mayenne or Henry of Lorraine, (Dijon, 20 December 1578 – Montauban, 20 September 1621) was a French noble from the House of Lorraine and more particularly from the House of Guise.
He was the eldest son of Charles, Duke of Mayenne and Henriette of Savoy, Marquise of Villars.
He became Duke of Aiguillon in 1599 and in 1611, when his father died, Duke of Mayenne, Marquis de Villars, Count of Maine, Tende and Sommerive. He also became a peer of France and inherited the Hôtel de Mayenne in Paris. He was also Grand Chamberlain of France. He was present at the coronation of King Louis XIII of France.
In 1621, he was killed at the failed Siege of Montauban by a musket shot in the eye. He was buried in the church of Aiguillon.
He had married in Soissons in February 1599 with Henriette de Nevers (1571–1601), daughter of Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers and Henriette of Cleves. They had no children.
He was succeeded by his sister's son Charles Gonzaga.
# Hernando del Pulgar

Hernando del Pulgar (1436 – c. 1492), also spelled as Fernando de Pulgar, was a Castilian royal secretary, historian, and writer. He first served in the administration of Enrique IV of Castile and later was appointed by Isabel I to serve as her royal chronicler. His best known work, Claros varones de Castilia, presents a series of biographical sketches of some of the most important nobles and prelates of the era.

## Biography

Hernando del Pulgar was born around 1420 at Pulgar in Castile. His father, Diego Rodriguez de Toledo, was a court scribe. Pulgar was educated in the chancery of John II. Starting around 1457, he was a secretary in the chancery for Henry IV. After the accession of Isabel he became a councilor of state, was charged with a mission to France, and in 1480 was appointed the official chronicler for the queen. From that point on, he spent his time on the preparation of historical documents. He is said to have died of old age around 1490 in Villaverde, a village near Madrid.

## Works

His Crónica de los Reyes Católicos, was wrongly ascribed in the first printed edition (1545) to Antonio de Nebrija, who had composed a Latin history based on Pulgar's manuscript. This work is commonly supposed to be propaganda for his patrons, Catholic Monarchs of Spain Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand. Nevertheless, it is often critical of their policies and admonitory in its insistence that monarchs need to respect moral and spiritual ideals.
Pulgar's Claros varones de Castilla (1486), a series of portraits of eminent nobles, ecclesiastics, and men of learning, provides interesting insights into the court of Henry IV. These portraits were published together with Pulgar's Letras (Burgos, 1486), a body of epistolary work composed of 32 letters directed to both well-known and anonymous correspondents. This epistolary is one of few 15th century collections composed in a Romance language and are an example of Humanistic prose of the Renaissance. Pulgar also composed a gloss (ca. 1485) on the ''Coplas de Mingo Revulgo'', a work attributed to either Iñigo de Mendoza or Pulgar's brother.
# Hernando (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Austin Chronicle | |
| Robert Christgau | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B |
| Slant | |
Hernando is the fifth studio album by American band North Mississippi Allstars. It was released on January 22, 2008, through Songs of the South Records. The recording sessions took place at Zebra Ranch Studio in Coldwater, Mississippi. The album was produced by Jim Dickinson. It features contributions from Jimbo Mathus, Jimmy Davis, East Memphis Slim, Kurt "KC" Clayton, and Amy LaVere. The band briefly toured the album across America in 2008.
The album peaked at number 142 on the US Billboard 200, number one on the Top Blues Albums chart, number 19 on the Independent Albums, number three on the Heatseekers Albums and number 12 on the Tastemakers.

## Personnel

* Cody Dickinson – drums, electric washboard (track 4), guitar (track 6), vocals
* Luther Dickinson – guitar, vocals
* Chris Crew – bass, vocals
* James "Jimbo Mathus" Mathis Jr. – vocals (tracks: 1, 7, 8)
* Jimmy Davis – vocals (track 7)
* Jim "East Memphis Slim" Dickinson – piano (tracks: 5, 7, 11), producer
* Kurt "KC" Clayton – piano (track 6)
* Amy LaVere – upright bass (track 7)
* Kevin Houston – recording, mixing
* Brad Blackwood – mastering

## Charts

Chart performance for Hernando :
| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 142 |
| US Top Blues Albums (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 19 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Top Tastemaker Albums (Billboard) | 12 |
# Herb Christopher

Herb Christopher may refer to:
* Actaea (plant), a genus of flowering plants also known as Herb Christopher
* Herb Christopher (American football) (born 1954), American football player
# Herb Clements

Herbert John Clements (18 January 1882 – 18 September 1954) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Petrophile megalostegia

Petrophile megalostegia is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southwestern Western Australia. It is a shrub with needle-shaped or flattened, sometimes S-shaped leaves with a sharply-pointed tip, and more or less cylindrical heads of silky-hairy, yellow to cream-coloured flowers.

## Description

Petrophile megalostegia is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3–1 m (1 ft 0 in – 3 ft 3 in) high and has glabrous branchlets and leaves. The leaves are cylindrical or flattened, straight or S-shaped, 25–85 mm (0.98–3.35 in) long and sharply pointed. The flowers are arranged on the ends of branchlets in more or less spherical heads surrounded by glabrous egg-shaped or elliptic involucral bracts. The flowers are up to 30 mm (1.2 in) long, yellow, cream-coloured or creamy yellow and silky-hairy. Flowering mainly occurs from August to October and the fruit is a nut, fused with others in an oval head up to 15 mm (0.59 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Petrophile megalostegia was first formally described in 1876 by Ferdinand von Mueller in the Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae from material collected by James Drummond. The specific epithet (megalostegia) means "large roof, tent or house" referring to the involucral bracts.

## Distribution and habitat

This petrophile is found between Mullewa, Eneabba and Watheroo where it grows in heath and shrubland in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions of southwestern Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Petrophile incurvata is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Petrozavodsk State Glazunov Conservatoire

Petrozavodsk State Glazunov Conservatoire is a public music conservatory in Petrozavodsk, the Republic of Karelia, Russia.
The Petrozavodsk Conservatoire has around 100 faculty members and provides undergraduate and postgraduate training in music to its 600 students.
The Petrozavodsk Conservatoire has two associated orchestras and a choir: Petrozavodsk Conservatoire Symphony Orchestra, Petrozavodsk Conservatoire Folk Instruments Orchestra and Petrozavodsk Conservatoire Academic Choir

## History

The Petrozavodsk Conservatoire was founded in 1967 as a branch of the Saint-Petersburg Conservatory and became an independent higher education institution in 1991.
In 2013 it was named after the Russian composer Alexander Glazunov, former director of Saint-Petersburg Conservatory.

## Directors and rectors

* Georgi Lapchinski (1967—1971)
* Vladimir Kasatkin (1971—1976)
* Vyachheslav Kalaberda (1977—1997)
* Sergei Sukhov (1997—2002)
* Vladimir Soloviev (2002—2018)
* Aleksei Kubyshkin (since 2018)

## International music competitions

* International Chopin Piano Competition for Young Pianists
* International "Silver Sounds" Contest for Woodwinds, Brass and Percussion
* International Folk Instruments Performers Competition "The Cup of the North" named after Albin Repnikov
* International Alexander Glazunov Youth Music Competition

## Departments

* Piano Solo
* Chamber Ensemble and Piano Accompaniment
* Strings
* Woodwind, Brass and Percussion instruments
* Folk Instruments
* Vocal Arts
* Conducting
* Music Theory and Composition
* Music History
* Finno-Ugric Music

## Alumni

* Alexander Lubyantsev, International Tchaikovsky Competition prize winner
* Yulia Matochkina, International Tchaikovsky Competition prize winner
* Nadezhda Pavlova
* Arina Vaganova
* Larisa Gabitova
* Yuri Klaz
* Mikhail Totsky
* Valentin Bogdanov
# Petroyuan

Petroyuan is a form of the official Chinese currency, the yuan intended at least initially for oil trading. On 26 March 2018, the Chinese government issued the first long term oil trading contracts denominated in petroyuans. This project exists to attempt to compete with the U.S. petrodollar as a main currency in crude oil transactions, whose hegemony has led the market since the dollar standard was first established in 1971, replacing the gold standard and giving the United States the power to manage most of the world's currency supply (around ~60%).

## History

Since 1971, when U.S. President Richard Nixon ended the dollar convertibility to gold, many foreign currencies emerged trying to replicate the pre-1971 situation. An example of a petrocurrency backed by gold was a project by the Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, who released a project to create a multinational African currency, However, this project was discarded because he was overthrown by the United States and its allies during the 2011 military intervention in Libya.
China, with a currency constantly growing on market relevance, attempted to create a dollar alternative. In June 2017, the People's Bank of China and the Central Bank of Russia signed a memorandum to facilitate the exchange of crude oil using yuans. Months later, in September 2017, China made official the existence of the petroyuan.
The operation was given on a context where China dominated crude oil importations, with approximately 400 million tons as of 2017 as stated by Sinopec, one of China's biggest oil companies.

## Characteristics

One of the reasons the petroyuan was created was that Russia, Venezuela and Iran may be able to avoid the United States' sanctions, so nations such as Saudi Arabia, one of the main oil producers and extractors could avoid dollar hegemony and U.S. pressure. The yuan's main problems are its volatile liquidity and short scale extension, however the Chinese government intervened increasing its gold reserves to back the petroyuan.
# Petroselinic acid

Petroselinic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in several animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is a white powder and is commercially available. In chemical terms, petroselinic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-12 fatty acid, abbreviated with a lipid number of 18:1 cis-6. It has the formula CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_{10}$CH=CH(CH$_2$)$_4$COOH. The term "petroselinic" means related to, or derived from, oil of Petroselinum, parsley. Despite its name, petroselinic acid does not contain any selenium. Petroselinic acid is a positional isomer of oleic acid.

## Occurrence

Petroselinic was first isolated from parsley seed oil in 1909. Petroselinic acid occurs in high amounts in plants in Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Griselinia (Griseliniaceae) and in Garryaceae. In Picramniaceae, petroselinic acid is accompanied by tariric acid. In addition, petroselinic acid has been found in minor amounts in several fats of plant and animal origin, including in human sources.
The occurrence of petroselinic acid as the major fatty acid is used in chemosystematics as a proof of a close relationship of several families within the Apiales as well as within the Garryales. Besides petroselinic acid, oleic acid has been shown to be present in all cases examined.

## Production and chemical behavior

Fatty acids mostly occur as their esters, commonly the triglycerides, which are the greasy materials in many natural oils. Via the process of saponification, the fatty acids can be obtained.
The trans isomer of petroselinic acid is called petroselaidic acid.
In chemical analysis, petroselinic acid can be separated from other fatty acids by gas chromatography of methyl esters; additionally, a separation of unsaturated isomers is possible by argentation thin-layer chromatography.

## Uses

Petroselinic acid can be used in cosmetics.
# Hero Happy Hour

Hero Happy Hour is an American comic book co-created by writer Dan Taylor and artist Chris Fason. Like The Tick and, less satirically, Watchmen, it takes place in a universe of vaguely familiar costumed crime fighters. All stories unfold in First City at The Hideout Bar & Grill (Drink Specials For All Heroes) and usually feature genre savvy humor.

## Publication history

The series was originally released as Super Hero Happy Hour in 2002 but the "Super" had to be dropped over trademark concerns about the use of the term super hero, as explained by Dan Taylor:
   The decision to change the title was brought upon by the fact that we received a letter from the trademark counsel to 'the two big comic book companies' claiming that they are the joint owners of the trademark 'SUPER HEROES' and variations thereof.
A Hero Happy Hour Super Special was published in 2004 and IDW Publishing released Super Deluxe Hero Happy Hour "The Lost Episode" in 2006.

## Characters

* The Bartender — retired superhero. Always quick with a free round if things are getting tense.
* The Guardian (AKA "Joe", "Goody Two-Shoes") - when he's not swapping arch-nemesises he's optioning his movie rights.
* Night Ranger (AKA "Nick", "Sister Christian") - he had the name before that silly hair-band and he'll be damned if he's going to change it.
* Scout (AKA "Kip") - Night Ranger's impetuous young ward.
* Psiren - it's not a boob-job but good tailoring.
* Galaxy Girl - not really a "girl" any more but she liked the alliteration and the perfect adjective for "woman" was already taken.

## Collected editions

Some of the series has been collected into a trade paperback:
* Hero Happy Hour: Heroic Edition (collects Hero Happy Hour #1-5, 150 pages, Lulu.com, December 2009, ISBN 0-557-18579-3)

## Awards

In Wizard's Best of 2003 the series was named "Concept We Wish We’d Thought Of."
# Herbert Myatt

Herbert Myatt (1884 – 1967) was an English footballer who played for Stoke.

## Career

Myatt was born in Stoke-upon-Trent and played amateur football with Stone Town before joining Stoke in 1908. He played for matches for Stoke in 1908–09 scoring twice. He later played for Stafford Rangers.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Stoke | 1908–09 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 |
| Career Total | Career Total | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 |
# Heron (crater)

Heron is a small lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, less than 20 kilometers from the equator. It lies between the slightly larger crater Ctesibius just to the west and Soddy a little farther to the east. Almost directly to the north is the prominent crater King.
This formation is an undistinguished, circular crater. The interior floor is relatively flat and featureless. There is a tiny craterlet along the eastern rim that has a slightly higher albedo than the remainder of the crater.
This crater is also called Hero in some references. It was named after 1st century BC Egyptian inventor Heron (or Hero) of Alexandria.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Heron.
| Heron | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| H | 0.2° N | 120.7° E | 20 km |
| Y | 1.4° N | 119.7° E | 15 km |
# Nah=Poo – The Art of Bluff

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Sounds | |
| Trouser Press | generally favourable |
Nah=Poo – The Art of Bluff is the debut studio album by Pete Wylie under the name Wah!, released in 1981 by record label Eternal.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Pete Wylie; except where indicated

## Reception

AllMusic wrote: "Pete Wylie's first album as/with Wah! is his finest work, filled to the brim with passionate post-punk and blitzkrieg funk that holds an impressive level of focused intensity from front to back".
# Kevin Wood

Kevin Wood may refer to:
* Kevin Wood (footballer)
* Kevin Wood (guitarist)
# John Waddell

John Waddell may refer to:
* John Waddell (engineer) (1828–1888), Scottish railway contractor
* John Alexander Low Waddell (1854–1938), American civil engineer and bridge designer
* John Waddell (politician) (1891–1939), Australian politician
* John Henry Waddell (1921–2019), American sculpture artist
* John Kenneth Waddell, former president of Allen University, Columbia, South Carolina
* John Newton Waddel (1812–1895), American clergyman, educator
* Rankin (photographer) (John Rankin Waddell, born 1966), British portrait and fashion photographer