OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's C-2 500 metres

The men's C-2 500 metres event was an open-style, pairs canoeing event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics program.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Dmitri Dovgalenok and Aleksandr Maseikov (EUN) | Ulrich Papke and Ingo Spelly (GER) | Martin Marinov and Blagovest Stoyanov (BUL) |

## Results
### Heats

15 teams entered in two heats. The top two finishers from each of the heats advanced directly to the final while the remaining teams were relegated to the semifinals.
Heat 1 :
| 1. | Gheorghe Andriev and Nicolae Juravschi (ROU) | 1:43.89 | QF |
| 2. | Martin Marinov and Blagovest Stoyanov (BUL) | 1:44.00 | QF |
| 3. | Didier Hoyer and Olivier Boivin (FRA) | 1:44.46 | QS |
| 4. | Dmitri Dovgalenok and Aleksandr Maseikov (EUN) | 1:45.25 | QS |
| 5. | Arne Nielsson and Christian Frederiksen (DEN) | 1:49.58 | QS |
| 6. | Juan Aballí and Fernando Zamora (CUB) | 1:53.50 | QS |
| 7. | José Martínez and José Ramón Ferrer (MEX) | 1:55.50 | QS |
| 8. | Katsuya Toyama and Tsunehisa Uchino (JPN) | 1:55.69 | QS |
| Heat 2 ||||
| 1. | Ulrich Papke and Ingo Spelly (GER) | 1:40.53 | QF |
| 2. | Attila Pálizs and György Kolonics (HUN) | 1:41.71 | QF |
| 3. | Jan Bartůněk and Waldemar Fibigr (TCH) | 1:42.42 | QS |
| 4. | Larry Cain and David Frost (CAN) | 1:43.12 | QS |
| 5. | Narcisco Suárez and Enrique Míguez (ESP) | 1:43.63 | QS |
| 6. | Stewart Carr and Jim Terrell (USA) | 1:46.85 | QS |
| 7. | Tomasz Darski and Andrzej Sołoducha (POL) | 1:46.93 | QS |

### Semifinals

Two semifinals were held. The top two finishers from each semifinal and the fastest third-place finisher advanced to the final.
Semifinal 1 :
| 1. | Dmitri Dovgalenok and Aleksandr Maseikov (EUN) | 1:40.74 | QF |
| 2. | Arne Nielsson and Christian Frederiksen (DEN) | 1:41.58 | QF |
| 3. | Jan Bartůněk and Waldemar Fibigr (TCH) | 1:42.18 | QF |
| 4. | José Martínez and José Ramón Ferrer (MEX) | 1:46.55 | |
| 5. | Stewart Carr and Jim Terrell (USA) | 1:46.62 | |
| 6. | Katsuya Toyama and Tsunehisa Uchino (JPN) | 1:47.58 | |
| Semifinal 2 ||||
| 1. | Didier Hoyer and Olivier Boivin (FRA) | 1:42.09 | QF |
| 2. | Larry Cain and David Frost (CAN) | 1:42.35 | QF |
| 3. | Tomasz Darski and Andrzej Sołoducha (POL) | 1:42.72 | |
| 4. | Enrique Míguez and Narcisco Suárez (ESP) | 1:42.82 | |
| 5. | Juan Aballí and Fernando Zamora (CUB) | 1:43.04 | |

### Final

The final was held on August 7.
| | Dmitri Dovgalenok and Aleksandr Maseikov (EUN) | 1:41.54 |
| | Ulrich Papke and Ingo Spelly (GER) | 1:41.68 |
| | Martin Marinov and Blagovest Stoyanov (BUL) | 1:41.94 |
| 4. | Gheorghe Andriev and Nicolae Juravschi (ROU) | 1:42.84 |
| 5. | Arne Nielsson and Christian Frederiksen (DEN) | 1:42.92 |
| 6. | Didier Hoyer and Olivier Boivin (FRA) | 1:43.04 |
| 7. | Attila Pálizs and György Kolonics (HUN) | 1:43.27 |
| 8. | Jan Bartůněk and Waldemar Fibigr (TCH) | 1:44.70 |
| 9. | Larry Cain and David Frost (CAN) | 1:45.76 |
# Horsetail Falls

Horsetail Falls or Horsetail Fall may refer to the following waterfalls:

## Australia

* Horsetail Falls (Tasmania, Australia)

## United States

* Horsetail Falls (Oregon)
* Horsetail Fall (Yosemite), in California
* Horsetail Falls (California), in the Sierra Nevada mountain range
* Horsetail Falls (Montana), a waterfall of Montana
* Horsetail Falls (Alaska)
# Penicillium coalescens

Penicillium coalescens is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium which was isolated from soil.
# 1838 in music

This article is about music-related events in 1838.

## Events

* March 7 – Jenny Lind, the "Swedish Nightingale", debuts at the Royal Swedish Opera
* November 8 – The ailing Polish-born composer and pianist Frédéric Chopin begins an uncomfortable (but compositionally productive) winter living with his lover, French novelist George Sand, on the Mediterranean island of Majorca in the abandoned Carthusian monastery of Valldemossa. Here he writes his 24 Preludes (Op. 28).
* Giovanni Ricordi buys Giuseppe Verdi's copyrights.

## Popular music

* "Annie Laurie", words (1688) William Douglas, music Lady John Scott (Alicia Ann Spottiswoode)
* "'Tis Home Where'er the Heart Is" – words by Robert Dale Owen, music by John Hill Hewitt
* "A Life on the Ocean Wave" - words by Epes Sargent, music by Henry Russell

## Classical music

* William Sterndale Bennett – Piano Concerto No. 4, Op. 19
* Johanna Kinkel – Das Schloss Boncort, Op.9 (published under J. Mathieux)
* Franz Lachner – Frauenliebe und -leben
* Franz Liszt
** 'Études d'exécution transcendante d'après Paganini'
** Grand galop chromatique
* Carl Loewe – 4 Fabellieder, Op.64
* Felix Mendelssohn – String Quartets Op. 44, No. 3 in D Major and No. 5 in E-Flat Major
* Robert Schumann
** Kinderszenen, Op. 15
** Kreisleriana, Op. 16
* Louis Spohr
** String Quintet No.5, Op.106
** 3 Duette pour deux soparano & piano, Op.108

## Opera

* Hector Berlioz – Benvenuto Cellini
* Albert Grisar – Lady Melvil
* Louis Spohr – Der Matrose

## Births

* January 6 – Max Bruch, German composer (died 1920)
* March 21 – Wilma Neruda, Moravian-born violinist (died 1911)
* July 9 – Philip Bliss, American Gospel composer (died 1876)
* October 25 – Georges Bizet, French composer (died 1875)

## Deaths

* January 13 – Ferdinand Ries, composer and pianist (born 1784)
* March 2 – Ludwig Abeille, composer (born 1761)
* March 24 – Thomas Attwood, organist and composer (b. 1765)
* April 29 – Joseph von Henikstein, patron of the arts and friend of Mozart (b. 1768)
* May 28 – Thomas Busby, English composer (b. 1755)
* July 28 – Bernhard Henrik Crusell, clarinet player and composer (b. 1775)
* August 17 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, librettist
* August 21 – Adelbert von Chamisso, lyricist (born 1781)
* December 26 – Franciszek Lessel, composer (born 1780)
# Lucius Aemilius Juncus

Lucius Aemilius Juncus was a senator of the Roman Empire, and a philosopher. He was consul suffect in the last three months of 127 with Sextus Julius Severus as his colleague.

## Life

According to John Oliver, Juncus came of an equestrian background. There is a lead tessera found in Beirut attesting to a procurator of Syria named L. Aemilius Juncus (AE 1903, 116), who has been identified with this suffect consul or the suffect consul of 179 who was exiled in 183. In either case, Juncus is likely not related to the patrician Aemilia gens, although he may be descended from a client or freedman of a member of that family.
Oliver infers that Juncus married Varia Archelais, the daughter of Tiberius Varius Caelianus, the diadochos of a philosophical school at Athens between 107 and 120, prior to his consulship, because "a consular would have presumably contracted a more splendid marriage than that with the daughter of a philosopher." Oliver wonders whether Juncus had met Varia while visiting Athens with the Emperor Hadrian in 125.
A letter of Hadrian's to Coronea in 135 shows that he appointed Aemilius Juncus as special commissioner for Achaea, to look into construction works in Boeotia that had been facing ten years of delays. An inscription attests that, along with the emperor Hadrian, he recommended Tiberius Claudius Hermoneikos son of Pleistoxenos to receive the title of aristopoleiteutes from the city of Sparta.
By Varia, Juncus had at least one son, also named Lucius Aemilius Juncus, suffect consul in 154 and proconsul of Asia in 171/172. Juncus the Elder was still alive when his son was appointed consul. There is evidence Varia and Juncus had two more children.

## Writings

Oliver makes a persuasive argument that Juncus the older is the author of a philosophical tract Περὶ Γἡρῳς ("On Old Age"), from which an extended extract was preserved in Stobaeus.
# Impatiens halongensis

Impatiens halongensis is a species in the family Balsaminaceae, native to Vietnam. It was collected in Hạ Long Bay in 1999, which is how the species got its name.

## Description

Impatiens halongensis grows as a perennial plant. Its lanceolate leaves are dark green above and measure up to 10.5 centimetres (4 in) long. The flowers are white, with yellow edges that are sometimes tinged with green.

## Distribution and habitat

Impatiens halongensis is endemic to Vietnam, where it is confined to the islands of Hạ Long Bay, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its habitat is in limestone soil.
# Lophopoenopsis

Lophopoenopsis is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Lophopoenopsis albosparsus Monne & Monne, 2007
* Lophopoenopsis singularis Melzer, 1931
# Mouette

Mouette is a French word for seagull (cognate to mew). It can refer to:
* La Mouette, French aircraft manufacturer
* Automobiles Mouette [de], French automobile company in the 1920s
* Operation Mouette, 1953 French military operation in Vietnam
* The name given to the Stadler FLIRT train sets for SBB Switzerland
# Motoring hood

A motoring hood or driving hood was a women's fashion in the early 20th century whose purpose was to protect the wearer from dirt and dust while driving or riding in an automobile.
# Hovione

Hovione is a Contract Development and Manufacturing Organization (CDMO) with services for drug substance, drug product intermediate and drug product. The company has four FDA inspected sites in the United States, Portugal, Ireland and China development laboratories in Lisbon, Portugal and New Jersey, USA. Hovione is also present in the inhalation area, and provides a complete range of services, from active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), formulation development and devices. Hovione was the first Chemical/ Pharmaceutical Company to become a Certified B Corporation (certification), is a member of Rx-360 and EFCG.

## History

Hovione was established in Portugal in 1959 by Ivan Villax with his wife, Diane Villax, and two other Hungarian refugees: Nicholas de Horthy and Andrew Onody, the first two letters of the three founders’ names: HO, VI and ON were used to create the name Hovione.
Hovione continues to be a privately held company with 5 plants - in Portugal (1969), Macao (1986), and New Jersey (2001) expanded in 2016, Taizhou in mainland China (2008) and Cork, Ireland (2009) - have a total reactor capacity of 1300 m³ and 1100 people worldwide. Since Hovione started operations in 1959, the company has patented more than 100 innovative chemical processes and produced industrially over 45 different APIs. All Hovione sites have been successfully inspected either by the FDA, the European Medicines Agency or the PMDA Japanese agency.
Hovione is a major source of semi-synthetic tetracyclines and corticosteroids, and is the largest independent supplier of contrast agents – these three families of compounds make up most of its generic product portfolio. The other half of the business focuses on exclusive projects including the development of innovator APIs and particle engineering.

## Research and development

Hovione has two R&D centers with a team of over 270 scientists, one in Portugal - Loures and another one in its facilities in New Jersey. Hovione has international partnerships, including with Cambridge and MIT. In 2016, 7 PhDs were simultaneously running and it launched a scientific program named "9oW", which challenges scientific and academic communities to help overcome technological challenges. Also, Hovione is already the largest private employer of doctorates in Portugal (57 doctorates in Loures).

## Strategy

Hovione was present in the pharmaceutical industry offering products and services related to the development and manufacture of either a new chemical entity (NCE) for an exclusive contract manufacturing partner or an existing API for an off-patent product. In the area of technology, it has capabilities, among others, in spray drying, controlled crystallization, microfluidization, and continuous tabletting. Hovione invested about $100 million in 2017 and plans to spend as much again in 2019 and 2020. The plan over the next three years is to continue investing, especially in Portugal, where the firm will add 165 m$^3$ of chemical synthesis capacity, a spray-dryer building, and a 1,200-m$^2$ analytical lab.
# Helmut Krawinkler

Helmut Krawinkler (April 6, 1940 – April 16, 2012) was an Austrian-born American structural engineer.
Krawinkler was a native of Innsbruck, Austria, born on April 6, 1940. He earned an undergraduate degree from the Vienna University of Technology in 1964. Krawinkler then completed a master's degree at California State University San Jose, funded by a Fulbright Scholarship between 1965 and 1967. In 1971, he graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a doctorate and became an assistant research engineer at Berkeley. After a year as lecturer at California State University, Krawinkler joined the Stanford University faculty in 1973.
He directed the Blume Earthquake Engineering Center from 1985 to 1995. He was appointed John A. Blume Professor within the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in 1991. Krawinkler was granted emeritus status in 2007. He was elected to the United States National Academy of Engineering in 2012 "for development of performance-based earthquake engineering procedures for evaluating and rehabilitating buildings."
That same year, Krawinkler was diagnosed with a brain tumor that necessitated surgery performed in February 2012. He died in Palo Alto, California, on April 16, 2012, while seeking further treatment.
# 1838 in philosophy

1838 in philosophy

## Events

* May 21 - The People's Charter is drawn up in the United Kingdom, demanding universal suffrage
* July 15 - Ralph Waldo Emerson delivers the "Divinity School Address" at Harvard University
* University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy founded

## Publications

* Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, De La Création, Essai sur L'Origine et la Progression des Êtres, 1st part
* S. D. Poisson, Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements en matière criminelle et en matière civile

## Births

* January 16 - Franz Brentano (died 1917)
* February 16 - Henry Adams (died 1918)
* February 18 - Ernst Mach (died 1916)
* March 14 - Robert Flint (died 1910)
* September 2 - Bhaktivinoda Thakur (died 1914)
* December 20 - Edwin Abbott Abbott (died 1926)

## Deaths

* March 13 - Poul Martin Møller (born 1794)
# Lists of rulers of Ghana

This is a list of rulers and office-holders of Ghana.

## Heads of state

* List of heads of state of Ghana

## Colonial governors

* List of governors-general of Ghana
* List of governors of the Gold Coast
* List of colonial governors of the Danish Gold Coast
* List of colonial governors of the Dutch Gold Coast

## Heads of traditional states
### Akan states

* List of rulers of the Akan state of Adanse
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Anafo
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Guan
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Okere
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Abuakwa
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Bosume
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Kotoku
* Rulers of the Akan state of Asante (Asanteman)
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Assin Apimenem
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Assin Atadanso
* List of rulers of the Akan states of Akwamu and Twifo-Heman
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Bono-Tekyiman
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Denkyira
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Dwaben
* List of rulers of the Fante Confederation
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Gyaaman
* List of rulers of the Akan state of Manya Krobo

### Ewe states

* List of rulers of the Ewe state of Anlo
* List of rulers of the Ewe state of Peki

### Gã (Nkran) (Accra)

* List of rulers of Gã (Nkran)

### Northern States

* List of rulers of the Kingdom of Dagbon
* List of rulers of the Northern state of Gonja
* List of rulers of the Northern state of Mamprusi
* List of rulers of Nanumba
* List of rulers of the Northern state of Wa

## Heads of former states

* Rulers of the Ashanti, see List of rulers of Asante
# List of drugs: F

This multi-page article lists pharmaceutical drugs alphabetically by name. Many drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Brand names and generic names are differentiated by capitalizing brand names.
See also the list of the top 100 bestselling branded drugs, ranked by sales.
Abbreviations are used in the list as follows:
* INN = International Nonproprietary Name
* BAN = British Approved Name
* USAN = United States Adopted Name
* Two-letter codes for countries
Lists of drugs 1–9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
Fa | Fe | Fi | Fl | Fm–Ft | Fu–Fy
# Impatiens hawkeri

Impatiens hawkeri, the New Guinea impatiens, is a species of flowering plant in the family Balsaminaceae. It is native to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It has been bred and hybridized in cultivation to produce a line of garden plants.

## Cultivation

It was first collected in the Territory of Papua in 1884 and soon became popular as a greenhouse plant. After its discovery, fifteen other similar New Guinea taxa were collected, all of which were later determined to be forms of I. hawkeri.
Plants with a great variety of flower and leaf colours are sold in nurseries. The species has been crossed with Impatiens aurantiaca and I. platypetala to improve characteristics such as drought resistance.
# Canton of L'Haÿ-les-Roses

The canton of L'Haÿ-les-Roses is an administrative division of the Val-de-Marne department, Île-de-France region, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in L'Haÿ-les-Roses.
It consists of the following communes:
* Fresnes
* L'Haÿ-les-Roses
# Candle Lake Provincial Park

Candle Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in the central region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Prior to the park's establishment in 1986, it was a provincial recreation site. Located in the Rural Municipality of Paddockwood No. 520, Candle Lake Provincial Park surrounds most of Candle and Torch Lakes in the boreal forest ecozone of Canada. The park has a variety of activities including camping, boating, fishing, swimming, mini golfing, hiking (with about 15 km (9.3 mi) of trails), and golfing. Around the lake there are also boat launches and several marinas. Natural attractions include a purple sand beach, sand dunes, mature forests, crystal clear lake water, and several natural sand beaches.
Highways 265 and 120 and Candle Lake Airpark provide access to the park. The resort village of Candle Lake is located adjacent to the park at the southern end of Candle Lake and the nearest city is Prince Albert, approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) to the south-west.

## Accommodations

There are about 300 campsites between the two campgrounds. Minowukaw Campground is on the eastern shore of Candle Lake at Minowukaw Beach and it offers electric hook-ups, running water, and washrooms. It is split into three sections, A, B, and group camping. Sandy Bay Campground is on the western side of the lake at Sandy Bay Beach on Berezowsky Bay. It too is divided into A, B, and group camping with electrical hook-ups, running water, and washrooms / showers.
In addition to campgrounds, there are several resorts and cabin rentals in the park and the village of Candle Lake. Some of them include Minowukaw Lodge & Joe's Cabins Resort by Minowukaw Beach, K & R Cabins at the west end of the village on Torch Lake, Camp Tawow on the southern shore of Candle Lake east of the village, and Camp Tapawingo also on the southern shore.

## Beaches and dunes

Along the lake's shores, there are several beaches with natural sand. On the south-eastern shore at Minowukaw Beach, it's a natural sand environment and just inland from the beach are the Minowukaw Sand Dunes. Boardwalk paths have been built through the dunes for public access. Purple Sands Beach is located at the north-eastern shore of the lake. The beach has vibrantly striped bands of sand in purple, magenta, and pink hues. The purple sand comes from garnet that was brought to the region from the Canadian Shield by glaciation during the ice age about 12,000 years ago. Other beaches include Sandy Bay Beach and Waskateena Beach.

## Golf

At the southern end of the lake, just east of the village, is Candle Lake Golf Resort. It is a par 72, 18-hole, grass greens course that was built in 1977. There are three tee-offs at each hole with the blue totalling 6,543 yards, white 5,855 yards, and red 5,067 yards. There is also a pro shop, restaurant, and cabin rentals.
# Helicella itala

Helicella itala is a species of medium-sized, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Geomitridae, the hairy snails and their allies.
The English common name for this species is heath snail.

## Subspecies

* Helicella itala itala (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Helicella itala pampelonensis (A. Schmidt, 1855)

## Life cycle

The width of the egg is 1.5 mm.
This species of snail makes and uses love darts during mating.

## Description

The 12–20 mm. shell is broad and very depressed with an open coil forming a convex, low spire. The umbilicus is very wide. The whorls are slightly convex, and have shallow sutures. The aperture is elliptical and lacks an internal rib. The surface (periostracum) is white or pale yellow-brown. The shell often (but not always) has dark brown or yellow-brown spiral bands, and the surface has fine irregular growth ridges.
* banded form, apical side
* banded form, umbilical side
* white form, apical side
* white form, umbilical side

## Distribution

The common heath snail is a West Palearctic species which is found in the British Isles, France, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, and Poland.

## Habitat

The animals live on dry, exposed habitats, such as roadsides and railway embankments, vegetated sand dunes as well as rock boulders and short grassland. They live up to 2000 m above sea level in the Alps and Pyrenees.
# 1968 European Indoor Games – Men's 4 × 364 metres relay

The men's 4 × 364 metres relay event at the 1968 European Indoor Games was held on 9 March in Madrid. Each athlete ran two laps of the 182 metres track.

## Results

| Nation | Competitors | Time |
| Poland | Waldemar Korycki Jan Balachowski Jan Werner Andrzej Badeński | 2:48.9 |
| West Germany | Horst Daverkausen Peter Bernreuther Ingo Roper Martin Jellinghaus | 2:49.7 |
| Soviet Union | Boris Savchuk Vasyl Anisimov Sergey Abalichin Aleksandr Bratchikov | 2:51.1 |
# 124th Brigade

124th Brigade may refer to:
* 124th Brigade (United Kingdom), a unit of the British Army during the First World War
* 124th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine), a unit of the Ukrainian Territorial Defense Forces
# Ilyés

Ilyés is a Hungarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Annamária Ilyés
* Ferenc Ilyés (born 1981), Hungarian handball player
* Iuliu Ilyés (born 1957), Romanian engineer and politician
* Ildikó Ilyés (born 1966), Hungarian racewalker
* Róbert Ilyés
# 1993–94 TBHSL season

The 1993–94 Turkish Ice Hockey Super League season was the second season of the Turkish Ice Hockey Super League, the top level of ice hockey in Turkey. Six teams participated in the league.

## Standings

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | Büyükşehir Belediyesi Ankara Spor Kulübü | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 77:13 | 10 |
| 2. | Emniyet Spor Kulübü | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 41:18 | 7 |
| 3. | Ankara Paten Spor Kulübü | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 39:23 | 5 |
| 4. | Yükselis Spor Kulübü | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 40:37 | 4 |
| 5. | İstanbul Paten Spor Kulübü | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 31:28 | 4 |
| 6. | Tarabya Paten Kulübü | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6:115 | 0 |