OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Hindori

George Dewendrepersad Hindori (August 13, 1933 – January 26, 1986) was a Surinamese politician.
Hindori served in Suriname's parliament. In the run-up to independence for Suriname in 1975, he was the second in command of the Progressive Reform Party, led by Jagernath Lachmon. That party was the main opponent of immediate independence from the Netherlands. Following a trip to the Netherlands, Hindori switched his position, favoring immediate independence, and broke with the Progressive Reform Party. He then backed the independence policies of Prime Minister Henck Arron.
After initially opposing independence, his decision to switch and support the Suriname independence movement gave the movement enough votes to secure independence from the Netherlands. His change of position has been described in terms ranging from "brave, conscientious and nationalistic, to opportunistic or even 'bribed'". He held the position of Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture.
Hindori was born into a Brahmin family in Paramaribo. His parents were Premda and Boedhram Hindori, and he was of Indo-Surinamese descent.
# Lotte Bundsgaard

Lotte Bundsgaard (born 20 January 1973) is a Danish schoolteacher, journalist and politician.
She was born in Nivå to Jørgen Bundsgaard and Hanne Lund Bundsgaard. She married Søren Thorsager in 1999. She was elected member of Folketinget for the Social Democrats from 1998 to 2007. She was Minister for Towns and Homes and Minister for Equal Rights in Poul Nyrup Rasmussen's fourth cabinet from December 2000 to November 2001.
Bundsgaard was educated schoolteacher at Odense Seminarium and worked as schoolteacher before she was elected to Folketinget. After her political career, she graduated as cand.public. [da] from the University of Southern Denmark, and has worked as journalist.
# Hitachi Stadium

Hitachi Stadium (日立市民運動公園陸上競技場, Hitachi shimin undōkōen rikujō kyōgiba) is an athletic stadium in Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan.
The stadium was constructed for the 1974 National Sports Festival of Japan, which was held in Ibaraki Prefecture, and was used for soccer events.
It was one of the home stadium of football club Mito Hollyhock in 2000.
# Henry Charles Lahee

Henry Charles Lahee (July 2, 1856, in London–1953) was a writer on music. He wrote several comprehensive biographical reference works on musicians.
From 1891 to 1899, he served as secretary of the New England Conservatory of Music.

## Education

Lahee studied at St Michael's College, Tenbury and Nautical Training College in Greenhithe.

## Publications

* Lahee, Henry Charles (1912). The grand opera singers of to-day. L.C. Page and Company. p. 366. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
* Lahee, Henry Charles (1899). Famous violinists of to-day and yesterday. Boston: L.C. Page. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
* Lahee, Henry Charles (1898). Famous singers of to-day and yesterday. L.C. Page. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
* Lahee, Henry Charles (1922). Annals of Music in America. Boston: Marshall Jones. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
# Bacino di San Giacomo

Bacino di San Giacomo is a reservoir in the Province of Sondrio, Lombardy, Italy.
* This Lombardy location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Josef Alm

Josef Alm (1889–1957) was a Swedish weapon historian. He is most known - at least in Norway - for repeating and spreading a false rumour that there was a significant difference between the 6.5x55 ammunition used in Norway and Sweden, although the ammunition in reality is interchangeable. After the rumour first surfaced in 1900, it was examined by the Swedish military. They declared the difference to be insignificant, and that both the Swedish and Norwegian ammunition was within the specified parameters laid down. Despite this finding, Josef Alm repeated the rumour in a book in the 1930s, leading many to believe that there was a significant difference between the two types of ammunition. Alms's survey was originally published in Sweden in 1947. It provides a detailed survey of the development of the European crossbow.
* This biographical article about a Swedish historian is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# National Arts Merit Awards

The National Arts Merit Awards (NAMA Awards) is a set of annual awards granted by the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe (NACZ) in recognition of outstanding achievements in the arts and culture.
The categories have differed over the years. In 2020, they were:
* Outstanding Newcomer
* Outstanding Female Musician
* Outstanding Male Musician
* Outstanding Song
* Outstanding Album
* Outstanding Music Video
* Outstanding Fiction Book
* Outstanding Children's Book
* Outstanding First Creative Published Book
* Outstanding Female Dance
* Outstanding Male Dancer
* Outstanding Actress
* Outstanding Screen Production (Television Series)
* Outstanding Screen Production – Short Film
* Outstanding Mix Media Work
* Outstanding 2 Dimensional Work
* Outstanding 3 Dimensional Work
* Outstanding Exhibition
* Outstanding Journalist (Print)
* Outstanding Journalist (TV)
* Outstanding Journalist Radio
* Outstanding Online Media
* Outstanding Comedian
* Outstanding Poet
* Outstanding Actor (Film and TV)
* Outstanding Actress (Film and TV)
* Outstanding Screen Production (TV)
* Outstanding Screen Production (Short Film)
* Outstanding Screen Production (Full-length Film)
* Outstanding Promoter of the Year
* Personality of the Year
* Service to the Arts Award
* Lifetime Achievement Award
* People's Choice Award

## Awards winners
### 2020

* Outstanding fiction book: Out of Darkness, Shining Light – Petina Gappah

### 2010

* Outstanding Fiction Book: The Fading Sun – David Mungoshi

### 2009

* Outstanding Fiction Book: Ndafa Here? – Ignatius Mabasa

### 2008

* Outstanding Fiction Book: The Uncertainty of Hope – Valerie Tagwira

### 2007

* Outstanding Fiction Book: Strife – Shimmer Chinodya

### 2006

* Outstanding Fiction: Totanga Patsva – Memory Chirere

### 2005

* Outstanding Fiction: Masimba – Chiedza Musengezi

### 2004

* Best Fiction Book: Noma Kanjani Kayiphele Linto! – Bekithemba Ncube

### 2003

* Best Written Work – Yvonne Vera

### 2002

* Best Written Work in any language: Umsebenzi Kawukho – N.C.G. Mathema
# Peter Dodson

Peter Dodson (born August 20, 1946) is an American paleontologist who has published many papers and written and collaborated on books about dinosaurs. An authority on Ceratopsians, he has also authored several papers and textbooks on hadrosaurs and sauropods, and is a co-editor of The Dinosauria, widely considered the definitive scholarly reference on dinosaurs. Dodson described Avaceratops in 1986; Suuwassea in 2004, and many others, while his students have named Paralititan and Auroraceratops. He has conducted field research in Canada, the United States, India, Madagascar, Egypt, Argentina, and China. A professor of vertebrate paleontology and of veterinary anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, Dodson has also taught courses in geology, history, history and sociology of science, and religious studies. Dodson is also a research associate at the Academy of Natural Sciences. In 2001, two former students named an ancient frog species, Nezpercius dodsoni, after him (as well as after the Native American Nez Perce people). Dodson has also been skeptical to the theory of a dinosaurian origin of birds, but more recently has come down on the side of this theory.

## Religious views

Describing himself as a "deeply committed Christian," Dodson is a Roman Catholic who subscribes to theistic evolution and has argued that there is no real conflict between religion and science, writing that: "I have found little if anything to support or necessitate the warlike antagonism between science and religion pictured by Dawkins and like-minded scientists, who are animated by motives other than pure, disinterested science." Dodson has written numerous essays on the topic of religious belief and science, and has served on the Board of Directors for the nonprofit New York City-based Metanexus Institute.

## Publications
### Books

* Dodson, P. (1996). The Horned Dinosaurs: A Natural History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02882-8. OL 963887M. Wikidata Q106243480.
* D. Weishampel; P. Dodson; H. Osmólska, eds. (1990), The Dinosauria (2nd ed.), Berkeley: University of California Press, OCLC 154697781, Wikidata Q7730227
# Herbert Hutner

Herbert Loeb Hutner (December 21, 1908 – December 7, 2008) was an American private investment banker, attorney and philanthropist.

## Early life

Hutner was born on December 21, 1908, in New York City. He graduated from Columbia University in 1928 and received a law degree from the Columbia Law School in 1931.

## Career

Hutner started his career on Wall Street, founding Osterman & Hutner with Lester Osterman. He then served as the Chairman of Sleight & Hellmuth Inc., Pressed Metals of America, Struthers Wells Corp. and the Platinum Mining Co. Later, he served as the President of the New England Life Insurance Co.
Hutner was chairman of the President's Advisory Committee on the Arts from 1982 to 1990, serving under Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.

## Philanthropy

Hutner made charitable contributions to the Jules Stein Eye Institute at UCLA and the Young Musicians Foundation. Additionally, he was a co-founder of the Los Angeles Music Center.

## Personal life

Hutner was married three times. With his first wife, Marjorie Mayer, he had a son, Jeffrey Hutner (b. 1942), and a daughter, Lynn M. Collwell (b. 1945). His second wife was Zsa Zsa Gabor; they married on November 5, 1962. They divorced on March 3, 1966. He married his third wife Juli Reding (1936), an actress, on her 33rd birthday, November 28, 1969.

## Death

Hutner died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on December 7, 2008, at age 99, two weeks shy of his 100th birthday.
# Peter MacCallum

Sir Peter MacCallum MC, FRSE, FRCPE (14 July 1885 – 4 March 1974) was a Scottish-born Australian oncologist and the co-founder and eponym of the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne.

## Background and early life

Peter MacCallum was born in Glasgow, Scotland on 14 July 1885. He was the son of Peter MacCallum, a New Zealander, living at Gairfield House in the Maryhill district of Glasgow.
The family returned to New Zealand in his youth and he was raised in Christchurch, his father's home town. He was sent to work at the age of 12. He was able to return to school and continued his entire education through a series of scholarships and part-time work, including working his way back to the United Kingdom as a coal trimmer. He eventually obtained an MB ChB back in Scotland at the University of Edinburgh in 1914, just in time to join the British Army in France.

## Career

During the First World War he was awarded the Military Cross and was twice mentioned in dispatches. In 1918, he was badly gassed, and perhaps it was a result of ill health that his postwar career concentrated on pathology and research.
In 1924, he was appointed to the Chair of Pathology at the University of Melbourne. Typically, he soon directed his energy and concern to one of the greatest medical challenges, the fight against cancer. In 1928, he was appointed to the royal commission into the Bundaberg tragedy, chaired by Charles Kellaway, which concluded that a diphtheria vaccine manufactured by Commonwealth Serum Laboratories had been contaminated with Staph. aureus.
In 1935 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Anderson Gray McKendrick, William Frederick Harvey, Thomas Jones Mackie and Alfred Joseph Clark. In the Second World War he served at the rank of Lieutenant colonel as the Director of Pathology to the Australian Army Medical Corps and from 1941 was the chief co-ordinator of Australian medical personnel.
As Chairman of the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria from 1946 to 1963, he was influential in the formation of the Victorian Cancer Institute in 1949. The first outpatient clinic opened in 1950 bore his name and the Institute was renamed as the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute - "The Peter Mac" - in his honour in 1986.
MacCallum was Chairman of the Australian Red Cross from 1951 to 1957 and was knighted by Elizabeth II in 1953. MacCallum's vision created a cancer centre where humanity, caring service and relentless research share equal value. He believed that nothing but the best was good enough in the treatment of cancer. The Peter Mac is living testimony to his belief.

## Personal life

MacCallum was married and widowed three times. His first marriage in 1919 was to Bella Dytes McIntosh Cross (better known as Bella MacCallum) with whom he had three daughters. His second marriage in 1928 was to Ursula Lillie Grace (died 1941) and together they had a son. His third marriage was to Frieda Maud Davies (died 1953).
MacCallum died in Kew on 4 March 1974 at the age of 88.
# Peter MacDougall

Lieutenant Peter Aitken MacDougall (or McDougal) MC (11 August 1898 – 18 August 1955) was a Scottish World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories.

## Biography

MacDougall was born in Lerwick, the son of Major Peter MacDougall, a schoolmaster at the Central Public School, and his wife Florence. After leaving school he worked for the Union Bank of Scotland, before joining the Royal Flying Corps as a cadet in 1917, and being commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant (on probation) on 21 June. He was confirmed in his rank and appointed a flying officer on 23 August.
MacDougall was posted to No. 24 Squadron RFC. He was reported as being wounded in action in early November 1917, but gained his first aerial victory on the 15th of that month, flying an Airco DH.5 single-seat fighter, driving down out of control an Albatros D.III over Diksmuide.
No. 24 Squadron was then re-equipped with S.E.5 fighters, and on 19 February 1918, MacDougall and Lieutenants Andrew Cowper, Ronald T. Mark, and Reuben Hammersley shared in the downing of a Rumpler C over Servais and a DFW C over Bernot. Two days later, on 21 February, he drove down an Albatros D.V south of Honnecourt, and on the 26th he destroyed a Fokker Dr.I east of Laon. On 6 March he drove down another D.V east of St. Quentin, and destroyed a Type C reconnaissance aircraft south-east of St. Quentin on the 12th. He was reported wounded in action for a second time at the end of March.
MacDougall was awarded the Military Cross, which was gazetted on 10 May 1918. His citation read:
    Temporary Second Lieutenant Peter Aitken MacDougall, General List and Royal Flying Corps.
       "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He always showed great initiative and skill in attacking enemy aircraft, and drove down or destroyed several enemy machines. On one occasion while on patrol he encountered three enemy two-seater machines, and, though his engine was giving trouble, he attacked them single-handed and drove one of them down out of control, having shot the observer. On another occasion, after driving down an enemy machine, he attacked and silenced a battery of six guns which were firing on our machines. His example of pluck and determination was of the utmost value to the squadron."
MacDougall was eventually transferred to the RAF's unemployed list on 29 April 1919. He then returned to his career in banking, working for the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank in London, China, Thailand, the Malay States, and Ceylon. He retired in 1951, and settled in Cape Town, South Africa, where he died four years later in 1955.
# Peter Connor

Peter Connor may refer to:
* Peter S. Connor (1932–1966), United States Marine Corps staff sergeant posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor
* Peter Connor (canoeist) (born 1963), Irish sprint canoer
* Peter Connor (footballer), English former footballer
# Hermann Rauhe

Hermann Rauhe (born 6 March 1930) is a German musicologist.

## Life

Rauhe was born in Wanna/Niederelbe. After he passed the Abitur at the Amandus-Abendroth-Gymnasium [de] in Cuxhaven in 1949, he studied music and music education at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg as well as musicology and literary criticism, pedagogy, philosophy, sociology, theology and phonetics at the University of Hamburg from 1951 to 1959. In 1955 he passed the First State Examination for the teaching profession at grammar schools with the combined subject music and German teaching. In 1959 he passed the Second State Examination and then the doctorate of philosophy (musicology).

## Scientific career

In 1960 Rauhe became an assistant, in 1963 a lecturer at the University of Hamburg and since 1965 he has been a professor of musicology and music education at the Hamburg University of Music. In 1970 he returned to the University of Hamburg as Ordinarius for Educational Science with a focus on Music Pedagogy. From 1978 to 2004 Rauhe was President of the Hamburg University of Music and Drama, and from 1980 to 1982 also Chairman of the Rectors' Conference of the Universities of Music in the Federal Republic of Germany.

## Main areas of work

Rauhe made special efforts to develop new methods of Music therapy Impact research. For example, through the targeted use of music in the neurological rehabilitation of stroke and Parkinson patients at the Asklepios Klinikum Harburg [de] (together with the neurologist Robert-Charles Behrend). For this reason, Rauhe works in the German Society for Preventive Medicine and Prevention Management e.V.. Together with its president Gerd Schnack, Rauhe developed a special method of stress reduction, the so-called repetitive meditation training.
He also worked in the field of professional research and development ("Music professions in transition").

## Honours

* Since 2004, Rauhe has been Honorary President of the Hamburg University of Music and Theatre
* 2004 Johannes Brahms Medal
* 2006 Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.
* 2015 Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft [de]

## Publications

* Dichtung und Musik im weltlichen Vokalwerk Johann Hermann Scheins. Stilistische und kompositionstechnische Untersuchungen zum Wort-Ton-Verhältnis im Lichte der rhetorisch ausgerichteten Sprach- und Musiktheorie des 17. Jahrhunderts. Hamburg 1959.
* Popularität in der Musik. Interdisziplinäre Aspekte musikalischen Kommunikation. Verlag Braun, Karlsruhe 1974, ISBN 3-7650-7463-2.
* with Hans-Peter Reinecke and Wilfried Ribke: Hören und Verstehen. Theorie und Praxis handlungsorientierten Unterrichts. Kösel-Verlag, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-466-30136-X.
* Musik hilft heilen. Arcis-Verlag, München 1993, ISBN 3-89075-056-7.
* with Reinhard Flender: Schlüssel zur Musik. Atlantis-Musikbuch-Verlag, Mainz 1998, ISBN 3-254-08372-5.
* with Gerd Schnack: Topfit durch Nichtstun. RMT – die Formel für optimale Energie. Kösel-Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-466-34446-8.
# Antidesma cruciforme

Antidesma cruciforme is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.
# 2014 VFF National Super League

The 2014 VFF National Super League was the Vanuatu qualifying competition for the 2014–15 OFC Champions League.
The competition was won by the Port Vila club, Tafea FC.

## Teams

18 teams will qualify from 8 separate national competitions.
| Association | Qualified Teams | Provinces |
| Port Vila Football Association | Amicale FC Tafea FC Spirit 08 Erakor Golden Star | Port Vila |
| Tafea Football Association | Mangde FC Spirit 11 FC | Tafea Province |
| Shefa Football Association | Malnaruru FC Elluck FC | Shefa Province |
| Luganville Football Association | Torba United FC Malampa Revivors FC | Luganville |
| Torba Football Association | Hi-Lands FC Nalkutan FC | Torba Province |
| Penama Football Association | Arato FC X United FC | Penama Province |
| Sanma Football Association | Tutuba FC Wayalo FC | Sanma Province |
| Malampa Football Association | Capro FC | Malampa Province |

## Matches
### Group stage

From Group A, Spirit 11 FC advanced in first place and Torba United FC advanced in second place.
From Group B, Malampa Revivors FC advanced in first place and Tutuba FC advanced in second place.
From Group C, Tafea F.C. advanced in first place and Amicale F.C. advanced in second place.
From Group D, Spirit 08 F.C. advanced in first place and Malnaruru FC advanced in second place.
# Kunshan Sports Centre Stadium

The Kunshan Sports Centre Stadium (Chinese: 昆山市体育中心体育场) is a multi-purpose stadium in Kunshan, China. It is currently used mostly for soccer matches. The stadium holds 30,000 spectators. It is used for selected games by Suzhou Dongwu, and was previously home to Kunshan FC
# Louise Stallings

Louise Stallings (December 31, 1890 – March 2, 1966) was an American soprano singer.

## Early life

Louise Belle Stallings was from Alton, Illinois, the daughter of William Henry Stallings and Barbara Alice Warderman Stallings. One of her brothers was college football coach Udell H. Stallings. She attended Shurtleff College and studied voice with Lena Doria Devine in New York City.

## Career

Louise Stallings toured on the Chautauqua circuit with the Boston Opera Singers Company. When Stallings gave a recital at New York's Aeolian Hall in 1921, the New York Times commented that she was "dark and slender, dowered by nature with a low sweet voice, whose honeyed quality would be cloying but for her varied use of it in modest amounts." She made some recordings, and was a popular singer on radio in the 1920s. "I have a feeling of great responsibility when I sing in a radio studio," she explained, "I feel that I must do extra well for all the millions who listen." In the late 1920s she trained for opera, encouraged by Emma Calvé, and appeared in Martha with the touring Festival Opera Company in 1929. In 1932, she gave concerts in the Virgin Islands.

## Personal life

Stallings mentioned having a Swedenborgian religious affiliation. She married Robert D. Morgan in New York City. In widowhood, she moved to St. Petersburg, Florida. She remarried in 1956, to James E. Revelle. She was widowed again when he died. Louise Stallings Revelle died in 1966, aged 75 years.
# Joseph Hou

Joseph Hou may refer to:
* Joseph Hou Jinde (1918–1994), Chinese Roman Catholic bishop
* Joseph Hou Guoyang (1922–?), Chinese Roman Catholic bishop
# Herbert Wollmann

Herbert Wollmann (born 14 January 1951) is a German physician and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since 2021.

## Early life and education

Wollmann was born 1951 in Berlin.

## Political career

Wollmann became a member of the Bundestag in 2021, representing the Altmark district. He has since been serving on the Health Committee and the Sports Committee.
# Direct material total variance

In variance analysis (accounting) direct material total variance is the difference between the actual cost of actual number of units produced and its budgeted cost in terms of material. Direct material total variance can be divided into two components:
* the direct material price variance,
* the direct material usage variance.

## Example

Let us assume that standard direct material cost of widget is as follows:
    2 kg of unobtainium at $ 60 per kg ( = $ 120 per unit).
Let us assume further that during the given period, 100 widgets were manufactured, using 212 kg of unobtainium which cost $ 13,144.
Under those assumptions direct material total variance can be calculated as:
| 100 units should have cost (× $ 120 per unit) | € 12,000 |
| but did cost | € 13,144 |
| Direct material total variance | € 1,144 | (A) |
Direct material total variance can be reconciled to direct material price variance and direct material usage variance by:
| Direct material usage variance | € 720 | (A) |
| Direct material price variance | € 424 | (A) |
| Direct material total variance | € 1,144 | (A) |
See direct material usage variance#Example and direct material price variance#Example for computations of both components.