OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ken Musgrave

Forest Kenton Musgrave (16 September 1955 – 14 December 2018) was a professor at The George Washington University in the USA. A computer artist who worked with fractal images, he worked on the Bryce landscape software and later as CEO/CTO of Pandromeda, Inc. developed and designed the innovative MojoWorld software.

## Education

He obtained his Ph.D in Computer science from Yale University in 1993, writing his thesis on Methods for Realistic Landscape Imaging. He was referred to by fractal pioneer Benoît Mandelbrot as being "the first true fractal-based artist".

## Software work

Musgrave designed the initial fractal-based programs on which Bryce was based, and later worked on designing the Deep Materials Lab component of Bryce.
His work was featured in an article in the January 1996 Scientific American (Gibbs, "Playing Slartibartfast with Fractals") which discussed fractal curves. The article also described software he had designed which would generate entire Earth-size planets using semi-random procedural 3D, and then allow a user to fly or walk about that world, exploring mountains or forests, and choosing a scene to render to an image. The software eventually became a commercial release called MojoWorld, which went through three releases to end with version 3.1.1.

## Cinema work

Musgrave received screen credits for digital effects in the films Titanic, Dante's Peak and Lawnmower Man. His MojoWorld software was used to procedurally generate background mattes and terrains on big-budget movies such as The Day After Tomorrow.

## ZeniMax Media

Musgrave was technical advisor at ZeniMax Media parent company of videogame publisher Bethesda Softworks, at the time of famous releases such as the RPG Morrowind.

## Publications

* Texturing and Modeling: A Procedural Approach - F. Kenton Musgrave et al., 1998 - ISBN 0-12-228730-4
* Musgrave, F. Kenton (1993). "Methods for Realistic Landscape Imaging" (PDF).
# Chhota Dumuria

Chhota Dumuria is a village in Barisal District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.
# 2021 World Para Athletics European Championships – Universal 4 × 100 metres relay

The universal 4 × 100 metres relay event was held at the 2021 World Para Athletics European Championships in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Universal 4 × 100 metres relay | Russia Roman Tarasov Anastasiia Soloveva Viktoriia Slanova Aleksei Bychenok | 47.67 ER | United Kingdom Zachary Shaw Sophie Kamlish Sophie Hahn Nathan Maguire | 48.20 | France Lucile Razet Dimitri Pavadé Mandy François-Elie Julien Casoli | 50.44 |
| WR world record | ER European record | CR championship record | NR national record | WL world leading | EL European leading | PB personal best | SB seasonal best |||||| |
# John Mellis

John Mellis lived in the 16th century. Along with James Peele and John Dee, Mellis is one of the first authors who contributed to the accounting literature.
Mellis is not the real owner of the book A Briefe Instruction, and maner, how to keepe bookes of Accounts (1588). However, Mellis revised and reissued this book whose original compiler was Hugh Oldcastle. Hugh Oldcastle was said to be a compiler because this accounting book is the translation of Luca Paccioli's Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita (Venice, 1494). But Oldcastle translated the aforesaid book in 1543 but later it was lost. In Edwin Cannan's article 'the Early History of the Term capital,(1921), Mellis is considered one of the first authors who used the term capital in the sense of stock. Although, the name appears as Mellin instead of Mellis, Cannan's mistake stems from W. R. Scott's misspelling of the name in his book 'Constitution and Finance of English, Scottish and Irish Joint Stock Companies to 1720
# Neighbourhood Renewal Programme

The Neighbourhood Renewal Programme (NRP), was introduced by HDB during the National Day Rally in August 2007. It replaced the Interim Upgrading Programme IUP Plus, and focuses on block and neighbourhood improvements, with full funding by the government. Flats built up to 1989 which have not undergone major upgrading programmes are eligible for NRP. NRP is implemented on a larger area basis of 2 or more contiguous precincts. There will be greater local consultation on the design proposal and facilities to be provided through public forums such as town hall meetings, surveys and dialogue sessions where residents will be able to voice their views and also hear the concerns of their fellow residents.
From FY2015 onwards, the programme will be extended to include blocks built up to 1995.

## Scope of Works

Items that may be considered for upgrading works:

### Block-level items

* New letterboxes
* Residents’ corners
* Seating area at void decks
* Lift lobby tiling & rescreeding

### Neighbourhood-level items

* Drop-off porch
* Covered linkways
* Playground
* Footpath/Jogging track
* Fitness corner
* Street soccer pitch
* Pavilion/Shelter
* Landscaping
Where feasible, other improvement works or upgrading programmes with separate funding may also be carried out in tandem with NRP to minimise inconvenience to the residents, e.g. Revitalization of Shops Scheme (ROS), upgrading of neighbourhood park and works to improve barrier-free accessibility.

## Consensus Gathering

NRP will proceed only if at least 75% of the eligible flat owners in the neighbourhood indicate their support for it at the Consensus Gathering Exercise.
# 2005–06 Swansea City A.F.C. season

During the 2005–06 English football season, Swansea City competed in Football League One.

## Season summary

Swansea had a good season in League One, finishing in sixth place to take the last play-off spot. After beating Brentford 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-final, the Swans faced Barnsley in the final. After a 2–2 draw at the end of extra time, Barnsley won the penalty shoot-out 4–3. This form did not translate to the cup competitions, being knocked out in the first round of both.

## First-team squad

    Squad at end of season
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | IRL | Brian Murphy |
| 2 | DF | WAL | Sam Ricketts |
| 3 | DF | TRI | Kevin Austin |
| 4 | DF | WAL | Kristian O'Leary |
| 5 | DF | ENG | Alan Tate |
| 6 | MF | ESP | Roberto Martínez |
| 7 | MF | ENG | Leon Britton |
| 8 | FW | ENG | Kevin Nugent |
| 9 | FW | ENG | Adebayo Akinfenwa |
| 10 | FW | ENG | Lee Trundle |
| 11 | MF | ENG | Adrian Forbes |
| 12 | FW | ENG | Lee Thorpe |
| 14 | MF | ENG | Kevin McLeod |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 15 | MF | CYP | Tom Williams |
| 16 | DF | ENG | Garry Monk |
| 18 | MF | ENG | Andy Robinson |
| 19 | MF | ENG | Darren Way |
| 22 | DF | ENG | Izzy Iriekpen |
| 23 | MF | WAL | Owain Tudur Jones |
| 24 | FW | ENG | Leon Knight |
| 25 | FW | WAL | Mark Pritchard |
| 26 | MF | WAL | Chad Bond |
| 27 | GK | GLP | Willy Guéret |
| 28 | MF | WAL | Shaun MacDonald |
| 29 | FW | NZL | Rory Fallon |
| 30 | DF | SCO | Steven Watt |

### Left club during season

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 15 | MF | ENG | Gary Fisken (to Newport County) |
| 17 | FW | ENG | Paul Connor (to Leyton Orient) |
| 17 | DF | ENG | Keith Lowe (on loan from Wolverhampton Wanderers) |
| 19 | DF | ENG | Andy Gurney (to Swindon Town) |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 20 | MF | ENG | Marc Goodfellow (to Grimsby Town) |
| 21 | DF | ENG | Ijah Anderson (released) |
| 24 | DF | WAL | Christian Edwards (on loan from Bristol Rovers) |
| 29 | MF | ENG | Marcus Bean (on loan from Queens Park Rangers) |

## League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 4 | Huddersfield Town | 46 | 19 | 16 | 11 | 72 | 59 | +13 | 73 | Qualification for the League One play-offs |
| 5 | Barnsley (O, P) | 46 | 18 | 18 | 10 | 62 | 44 | +18 | 72 | Qualification for the League One play-offs |
| 6 | Swansea City | 46 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 78 | 55 | +23 | 71 | Qualification for the League One play-offs |
| 7 | Nottingham Forest | 46 | 19 | 12 | 15 | 67 | 52 | +15 | 69 | |
| 8 | Doncaster Rovers | 46 | 20 | 9 | 17 | 55 | 51 | +4 | 69 | |
# Ashte kashte

Ashta-kashte is a race board game from Bengal akin to the Cross and Circle family for two to four players originating in India. Although there is no evidence for that, it is considered by some as the direct ancestor of Pachisi. It is played on a board with a 7-by-7 grid on it. It is similar to Chowka bhara, or to Ashtam changam pe where there is a 5-by-5 grid on the board.
Players race their pieces around the board, spiralling inwards to be the first to get all of their pieces to the centre. Movement is controlled by throwing cowry shells, but there is also an element of strategy to the game.
Also called Koli kaDam in Hyderabad, or Champul in other parts of India.

## Equipment

The board is a square divided into seven rows and columns. The outer centre squares on each side of the board are specially marked. They are the starting squares for each player, and also function as resting squares.
Each player has four pieces.
Four cowry shells are used as dice. They are thrown and the number of shells that lie with their openings upwards indicates the number of spaces a player should move:
| Upward openings | Movement |
| 4 | 4 and another turn |
| 3 | 3 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 1 | 1 |
| (none) | 8 and another turn |

## Play

Players begin with no pieces on the board. A piece may enter the board on any throw of the cowries and moves to the square corresponding to the throw. Each player starts on their own starting square and moves around the board in an anticlockwise spiral. The paths of each player are different because each player starts on a different square and moves inwards at a different position on the board.
A player can capture an opponent's piece by landing their piece upon it. The captured piece is removed from the board and must start again. A piece cannot land on an opponent's piece that is on a resting square.
If a player lands their piece on another of their own pieces, it becomes a double. Doubles cannot be passed over by single pieces (whether the player's or the opponent's), and they can only be captured by other doubles. In addition, the two pieces that make up the double may be moved together.
The end (centre square) can only be reached by a direct throw. If a player throws a number larger than that needed to reach the end, they must move another piece or wait till their next turn.
# Kensaku Oda

Kensaku Oda (小田 健作, Oda Kensaku, April 4, 1888 – January 21, 1943) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

## Biography

Oda was a native of Fukuoka Prefecture. From 1938, he was the commanding officer of the IJA 50th Infantry Regiment, which was in combat during the Battle of Xuzhou in the Second Sino-Japanese War. The regiment was withdrawn back to Japan in December 1939. In August 1940, he was promoted major general and became the commanding officer of the infantry group of the IJA 26th Division, which at the time was under the command of the Mongolia Garrison Army.
In September 1941, he became the Commandant of Toyohashi Reserve Officers' Cadet School. However, due to the death of Major General Tomitarō Horii the Kokoda Track campaign in New Guinea, Oda was assigned as his replacement as Commander of the South Seas Detachment. However, the South Seas Detachment found itself flanked by Allied forces and in a location where neither reinforcements or supplies could reach. When ordered to withdraw by IJA 18th Army headquarters, Oda left behind the sick and wounded and led his men to the banks of the Kumusi River, only to find out that all of the remaining boats he had planned on for his retreat had been taken by troops which had preceded him. He committed suicide on the river bank by shooting himself with his pistol.
He was posthumously promoted to lieutenant general.
# Cheilopora

Cheilopora is a genus of bryozoans belonging to the family Cheiloporinidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Cheilopora elfa Kuklinski, Grischenko & Jewett, 2015
* Cheilopora grandis Canu & Bassler, 1929
* Cheilopora inermis (Busk, 1860)
* Cheilopora labiosa (Ulrich, 1901)
* Cheilopora peristomata Kuklinski, Grischenko & Jewett, 2015
* Cheilopora praelonga (Hincks, 1884)
* Cheilopora praelucida (Hincks, 1888)
* Cheilopora rhodanica Pouyet, 1991
* Cheilopora sincera (Smitt, 1867)
# Pran Kurup

Pran Kurup (3 October 1966 – 3 September 2016) was an Indian entrepreneur and author.

## Personal life

Pran Kurup was born in Chennai to K. Madhava Kurup and Sarojini, who hailed from Kannur. He was the nephew of K. P. P. Nambiar. He completed his graduation in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur and post-graduation in Robotics from Miami University.

## Entrepreneur and author

Pran Kurup co-founded Vitalect with Taher Abbasi and Ricky Bedi, an e-learning company based in California in 1997. The company was originally called ByteK Designs Inc. and renamed to Vitalect in 1999. He also served as the president of the Silicon Valley Indian Professionals Association (SIPA).
Kurup authored three books. The first two books were on technical topics. He co-authored Logic Synthesis Using Synopsys with Taher Abbasi. The second book It's the Methodology, Stupid! was co-authored with Taher Abbasi and Ricky Bedi. In 2016, he released his third book on his IIT batchmate and friend Arvind Kejriwal. Titled Arvind Kejriwal & the Aam Aadmi Party: An Inside Look, the book contained a political analysis of the rise of Kejriwal and AAP and a comparison of the growth with that of start-up companies. The book was released by Kejriwal himself in New Delhi.
He was also a columnist on the Economic Times blogs.

## Death

Pran Kurup died on 3 September 2016 in Thiruvananthapuram, due to heart failure and was cremated on 5 September 2016. He is survived by his wife, a daughter and a son.
# Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant

Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant can refer to:
* Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Bedford
* Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Bethpage
* Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Calverton
* Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Dallas
* Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, McGregor a former plant in McGregor, Texas
# 1986 Malaysian Masters

The 1986 Camus Malaysian Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament, which took place between 28 and 30 August 1986 at the Putra World Trade Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
10 players competed, consisting of 7 professionals and 3 amateurs. Jimmy White won the tournament, defeating Dennis Taylor 2–1 in the final.

## Results

First Round (Best of 3 frames) :
| Neal Foulds | 2–0 | Lim Koon Guan |
| Tony Meo | 2–0 | Chin Su Liang |
| Quarter-finals Best of 3 frames | Quarter-finals Best of 3 frames | Quarter-finals Best of 3 frames | Semi-finals Best of 3 frames | Semi-finals Best of 3 frames | Semi-finals Best of 3 frames | Final Best of 3 frames | Final Best of 3 frames | Final Best of 3 frames |
| Jimmy White | Jimmy White | 2 | | | | | | |
| Yue Swee Kat | Yue Swee Kat | 0 | | | | | | |
| Yue Swee Kat | Yue Swee Kat | 0 | Jimmy White | Jimmy White | 2 | | | |
| | | | Willie Thorne | Willie Thorne | 1 | | | |
| Willie Thorne | Willie Thorne | 2 | Willie Thorne | Willie Thorne | 1 | | | |
| Terry Griffiths | Terry Griffiths | 0 | | | | | | |
| Terry Griffiths | Terry Griffiths | 0 | | | | Jimmy White | Jimmy White | 2 |
| | | | | | | Dennis Taylor | Dennis Taylor | 1 |
| Dennis Taylor | Dennis Taylor | 2 | | | | | | | Dennis Taylor | Dennis Taylor | 1 |
| Neal Foulds | Neal Foulds | 0 | | | | | | |
| Neal Foulds | Neal Foulds | 0 | Dennis Taylor | Dennis Taylor | 2 | | | |
| | | | Steve Davis | Steve Davis | 1 | | | |
| Steve Davis | Steve Davis | 2 | Steve Davis | Steve Davis | 1 | | | |
| Tony Meo | Tony Meo | 0 | | | | | | |
# Ashtead (disambiguation)

Ashtead may refer to:

## Ashtead, Surrey

* Ashtead, a village in Surrey, England.
** Ashtead Common, a wood to the north of Ashtead.
** Ashtead Park, a park at Ashtead in Surrey.
** Ashtead railway station, a railway station in Surrey.

## Companies associated with Ashtead, Surrey

* Ashtead Group, a British industrial equipment rental company.
* Ashtead potters, a former pottery company that operated from 1923 to 1935.
# Kenneth Merin

Kenneth D. Merin (born 1947) is an American Republican Party politician and lawyer who served two stints as the New Jersey Commissioner of Insurance.

## Early life

He is a 1969 graduate of George Washington University. From 1969 to 1972, Merin served in the U.S. Army, where he was a decorated infantry officer during the Vietnam War. He received his J.D. degree from Seton Hall University School of Law in 1975. In 1980, he received a LL.M. from the George Washington University Law School. From 1975 to 1980, Merin was a legislative attorney for the Congressional Research Service, the public policy research arm of the United States Congress.

## Kean Administration

In 1981, Merin joined the campaign of Thomas Kean for Governor of New Jersey as the Director of Research. After Kean was elected Governor, Merin joined his administration as the Deputy Chief Counsel to the Governor. He also served on the Board of Directors of New Jersey Transit.
Following the resignation of Joseph F. Murphy as state Insurance Commissioner in March 1984, Kean appointed Merin to serve as Acting Commissioner. He was later nominated to serve as Commissioner and won confirmation by the New Jersey State Senate.
A resident of Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey, Merin was appointed by Kean on January 12, 1985, to serve as Director of Policy and Planning in the Governor's office. He replaced Gary Stein, who had been appointed by Kean to the New Jersey Supreme Court.
On February 9, 1986, Kean announced that Merin would return to the cabinet as Insurance Commissioner. He held that post until the end of the Kean administration in 1990.

## Private Sector

After leaving state government, Merin headed the Insurance Coverage practice at Purcell Ries Shannon Mulcahy & O'Neill, a New Jersey law firm. He served as a Director of DSL.net, a nationwide provider of broadband communications services. He also served as president and CEO of the Charles Hayden Foundation.
# Approximately finite-dimensional

In operator algebras, an algebra is said to be approximately finite-dimensional if it contains an increasing sequence of finite-dimensional subalgebras that is dense. One can consider
* Approximately finite dimensional C*-algebras, or
* Approximately finite-dimensional von Neumann algebras.
# John Pickard

John Pickard may refer to:
* John Pickard (archaeologist) (1858–1937), University of Missouri professor of archaeology and art history
* John Pickard (politician) (1824–1883), Canadian businessman and politician
* John Pickard (composer) (born 1963), British composer of classical music
* John Pickard (British actor) (born 1977), British actor
* John Pickard (American actor) (1913–1993), American actor
* John Pickard (neurosurgeon) (born 1946), British neuroscientist
* John Pickard (writer) (1910–1995), Australian writer, see From These Roots
# Ibritumomab tiuxetan

Ibritumomab tiuxetan (pronounced /ɪbrɪˈtuːmoʊmæb taɪˈʌksɛtæn/), sold under the trade name Zevalin, is a monoclonal antibody radioimmunotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The drug uses the monoclonal mouse IgG1 antibody ibritumomab in conjunction with the chelator tiuxetan, to which a radioactive isotope (either yttrium-90 or indium-111) is added. Tiuxetan is a modified version of DTPA whose carbon backbone contains an isothiocyanatobenzyl and a methyl group.

## Medical use

Ibritumomab tiuxetan is used to treat relapsed or refractory, low grade or transformed B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a lymphoproliferative disorder, and previously untreated follicular NHL in adults who achieve a partial or complete response to first-line chemotherapy.
The treatment starts with an infusion of rituximab. This may be followed by an administration of indium-111 labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan ($^{111}$In replaces the $^{90}$Y component) to allow the distribution of the medication to be imaged on a gamma camera, before the actual therapy is administered.

### Mechanism of action

The antibody binds to the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B cells (but not B cell precursors), allowing radiation from the attached isotope (mostly beta emission) to kill it and some nearby cells. In addition, the antibody itself may trigger cell death via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and apoptosis. Together, these actions eliminate B cells from the body, allowing a new population of healthy B cells to develop from lymphoid stem cells.

## History

Developed by IDEC Pharmaceuticals, now part of Biogen Idec, ibritumomab tiuxetan was the first radioimmunotherapy drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2002 to treat cancer. It was approved for the treatment of people with relapsed or refractory, low‑grade or follicular B‑cell non‑Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), including people with rituximab refractory follicular NHL. It was given marketing authorization by the European Medicines Agency in 2004 for the treatment of adults with rituximab relapsed or refractory CD20+ follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but. The authorization lapsed in July 2024, after it wasn't marketed for more than three consecutive years.
In September 2009, ibritumomab tiuxetan received approval from the FDA for an expanded label to include previously untreated people with a chemotherapy response.

## Society and culture
### Economics

Ibritumomab tiuxetan is under patent protection and not available in generic form. When approved, it was the most expensive medication available given in a single dose, costing over US$37,000 (€30,000) for the average dose. Compared with other monoclonal antibody treatments (many of which are well over $40,000 for a course of therapy), it may be considered cost effective.
# Naval Weapons Station

Naval Weapons Station may stand for:
* Naval Weapons Station Charleston, South Carolina
* Naval Weapons Station Earle, New Jersey
* Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach, California
* Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Virginia
* Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, California
* Former Concord Naval Weapons Station, California
# Maidstone railway station

Maidstone railway station could refer to:
* Maidstone Barracks railway station, on the Medway Valley Line
* Maidstone East railway station, on the Maidstone East Line
* Maidstone West railway station, on the Medway Valley Line
* Paddock Wood railway station, originally named Maidstone Road
# Armin Krugel

Armin Krugel is a Swiss nordic combined skier who competed in 1995. He won a bronze medal in the 4 x 5 km team event at the 1995 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Thunder Bay, Ontario.
Krugel's only individual victory came earlier that same year in Calgary in the 15 km individual.