OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nuclear resonance fluorescence

Nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) is a nuclear process in which a nucleus absorbs and emits high-energy photons called gamma rays. NRF interactions typically take place above 1 MeV, and most NRF experiments target heavy nuclei such as uranium and thorium
This process is used for scanning cargo for contraband. Its far more effective than just using x-rays because x-rays can only see the shape of the item in question. With nuclear resonance fluorescence its possible to see what the molecular structure is and thus, distinguish between salt and cocaine without even opening the container. (from National Geographic Magazine, February 2018, article: They Are Watching Us, by Robert Draper)

## Mode of interaction

NRF reactions are the result of nuclear absorption and subsequent emission of high-energy photons (gamma rays). As a gamma ray strikes the nucleus, the nucleus becomes excited (that is, the nuclear system as a quantum mechanical ensemble is put into a state with a higher energy). Much like electronic excitation, the nucleus will decay toward its ground state, releasing a high-energy photon at a number of possible, discrete energies. Thus, NRF can be quantified using spectroscopy. Nuclei can be identified by the distinct pattern of NRF emission peaks, although NRF analysis is much less straightforward than typical electronic emissions.
As the energy of incident photons increases, the average spacing between nuclear energy levels decreases. For sufficiently energetic nuclei (i.e. incident photons of over ~1 MeV), the mean spacing between energy levels may be lower than the mean width of each NRF resonance. At this point, determinations of peak spacing cannot be analytical, and must rely on specialized applications of the statistical methods of signal processing.
There is a related phenomenon at the level of electron orbitals. A photon, generally in a lower energy range, can be absorbed by displacing an orbital electron, and then a new photon having the same energy is emitted in a random direction when the electron drops back down. See resonance fluorescence for a discussion of the theory and x-ray fluorescence for a discussion of its many applications.
# Nyctemera groenendaeli

Nyctemera groenendaeli is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Rob de Vos in 1994. It is found in New Guinea.
# Godfrey III

Godfrey III may refer to:
* Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine (c. 997–1069)
* Godfrey III, Count of Louvain (1142–1190)
# Arthur Lowe (disambiguation)

Arthur Lowe (1915-1982) was an English actor.
Arthur Lowe may also refer to:
* Arthur Lowe (tennis) (1886–1958), English tennis player
* Arthur Lowe (painter) (1865–1940), English artist
* Arthur Lowe (footballer) (1906–1950), Australian rules footballer
* Arthur Rylands Lowe (1873–1924), British accountant
# Gniewoszów

Gniewoszów may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Gniewoszów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Gniewoszów, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
# Nyerereite

Nyerereite is a very rare sodium calcium carbonate mineral with formula Na$_2$Ca(CO$_3$)$_2$. It forms colorless, platey pseudohexagonal orthorhombic crystals that are typically twinned. It has a specific gravity of 2.54 and indices of refraction of nα=1.511, nβ=1.533 and nγ=1.535. Nyerereite is not stable in contact with the atmosphere and rapidly breaks down. Collection specimens must be kept in a sealed argon environment.
It has a Hermann–Mauguin notation of mm2 and the respective space group is Cmc21. In nature Nyerereite is naturally twinned and is pseudohexagonal with triad twinning; meaning that this is a six sided crystal that apparently has a hexagonal shape but is not in the hexagonal system. Triad twinning is the intergrowth of three orthorhombic crystals that turn at their center and form hexagonally shaped crystals. Nyerereite is biaxial negative, and has a 2v of 29 degrees. It shows a center acute bisectrix and a birefringence of approximately 0.023. At high temperatures or just erupted lava nyerereite is uniaxial and shows an interference color of second order blue when twinning is not present, and when twinning is there the interference color of nyerereite is first order grey.

## Special characteristics

Since nyerereite is very unstable when it reaches the surface it creates pseudomorphs, which is basically the process by which the rock appearance and dimensions remain constant but the main mineral component is replaced by another. McKie (1976) categorized nyerereite into two different categories, high and low nyerereite. There are two types because the Ol Doinyo Lengai lavas are very soluble and hygroscopic; when they come in contact with water or the atmosphere, the lava changes physically and chemically. Therefore, when nyerereite is at high temperature or warm we have what McKie (1976) calls high nyerereite, but when it cools down and gets hydrated we have pirssonite that has a chemical formula of Na$_2$Ca(CO$_3$)$_2$·2(H$_2$O).

## Occurrence and discovery

It was first recognized and described by J.B. Dawson from the Ol Doinyo Lengai carbonatite lavas of Arusha Region in 1963 and named in honor of the president of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere (1922–1999). In the carbonatite lava it is associated with the potassium-bearing gregoryite. It has also been reported from the Afrikanda alkaline intrusive complex, in the Kola Peninsula, Russia.
# Gmina Gródek nad Dunajcem

Gmina Gródek nad Dunajcem is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Gródek nad Dunajcem, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Nowy Sącz and 67 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
The gmina covers an area of 88.17 square kilometres (34.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,896.
The gmina contains part of the protected area called Ciężkowice-Rożnów Landscape Park.

## Villages

Gmina Gródek nad Dunajcem contains the villages and settlements of Bartkowa, Bujne, Gródek nad Dunajcem, Jelna, Jelna-Działy, Lipie, Podole-Górowa, Przydonica, Przydonica-Glinik, Rożnów, Roztoka, Sienna, Tropie and Zbyszyce.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Gródek nad Dunajcem is bordered by the gminas of Chełmiec, Czchów, Korzenna, Łososina Dolna and Zakliczyn.
# Gnorimoschema clavatum

Gnorimoschema clavatum is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1998. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Saskatchewan.
The length of the forewings is about 5 mm.
# Avery Cardoza

Avery Cardoza is an American author, professional gambler, and publisher. Cardoza is the owner of the Las Vegas-based Gambler's Book Shop / GBC Press.
# John Stirling (Scottish politician)

Sir John Stirling (16 September 1893 – 21 March 1975) was a Scottish soldier and politician.
The eldest son of William Stirling of Fairburn, he was educated at Harrow School and at Magdalen College, Oxford. He served with the Lovat Scouts from 1914 to 1935, and was awarded the MBE in 1919.
He was a Member of Ross and Cromarty County Council from 1919 to 1970, serving as Convener from 1935 to 1961. He was a Forestry Commissioner from 1948 to 1962, and Chairman of the commission's Scottish National Committee from 1950 to 1959.
He was appointed a Knight of the Thistle in 1956 and served as Lord Lieutenant of Ross and Cromarty from 1964 to 1968.
He married Marjorie Kythe Mackenzie, daughter of Sir Kenneth Mackenzie, 7th Baronet, by whom he had three daughters and two sons, his eldest son John Michael (1925–1940) predeceasing him. His second son, Sir Roderick Stirling of Fairburn, would himself later serve as Lord Lieutenant.
# James Bottomley

James Bottomley may refer to:
* James Bottomley (diplomat) (1920–2013), British diplomat
* Jim Bottomley (1900–1959), American baseball player
* James Thomson Bottomley (1845–1926), Irish-born British physicist
# Nigel (disambiguation)

Nigel is an English masculine given name.
Nigel may also refer to:
* 3795 Nigel, an asteroid
* Nigel, a 1979 album by Nigel Olsson
* Nigel (bishop of Ely) (c. 1100–1169)
* Nigel (dog) (born 2008), a male Golden Retriever dog belonging to Monty Don, a British television gardening presenter
* Negel, Kurdistan, also known as Nigel, a village in Kurdistan Province, Iran
* Nigel, Gauteng, a South African town
* Nigel Creek, Canada
# 1977–78 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team

The 1977–78 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1977–78 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Bob Davis, who was in his fifth season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Memorial Coliseum in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 13–14, 8–10 in SEC play.
After the season, Davis retired from coaching and Paul Lambert from Southern Illinois University was hired as his replacement. However, Lambert died in a hotel fire on June 6, 1978 before ever coaching a game for the Tigers.
# Billy Williams (coach)

Paul Beauchamp "Billy" Williams (August 8, 1892 – July 14, 1973) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Muncie State Normal School—now known as Ball State University from 1924 to 1925, compiling a record of 3–8. He was the Ball Teachers College's head basketball from 1922 to 1925, tallying a mark of 36–34–1, and the school's head baseball coach from 1922 to 1926 and from 1928 to 1958, amassing a record of 207–228–4. In addition, Williams served as the school's athletic director from 1921 until 1958. He died on July 14, 1973, at a nursing home in Muncie, Indiana.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Muncie Normal Hoosieroons (Independent) (1924–1925) ||||||
| 1924 | Muncie Normal | 1–3 |
| 1925 | Muncie Normal | 2–5 |
| Muncie Normal: | Muncie Normal: | 3–8 |
| Total: | Total: | 3–8 |
# Omicron2 Orionis

Omicron$^2$ Orionis (ο$^2$ Ori) is a solitary star in the constellation Orion. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.06, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 17.54 mas, it is around 186 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an interstellar absorption factor of 0.09 due to intervening dust.
This is a red clump giant star with a stellar classification of K2 IIIb. It is around 5.4 billion years old with a projected rotational velocity that is too small to be measured. The star has expanded to about 15 times the radius of the Sun and shines with 79 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,498 K. Omicron$^2$ Orionis is most likely a member of the Milky Way's thin disk population.
# Gnorimoschema collinusella

Gnorimoschema collinusella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Vactor Tousey Chambers in 1877. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Colorado.
The forewings are very pale yellow, almost whitish, with three whitish fasciae not very distinct from the surrounding parts of the wing, except by the brownish scales with which they are dusted. The first is about the basal fourth, the second about the middle, and the third just before the cilia, and each of the first two contains a small brownish spot placed just above the fold. The apex and cilia are sparsely dusted with brownish scales. The hindwings are pale fuscous.
# King's Own Rifles

King's Own Rifles may refer to:
* King's Royal Rifle Corps, a British Army infantry regiment
* The King's Own Rifles of Canada, a Canadian Army infantry regiment now named The Saskatchewan Dragoons.
# Kimbubu Island

Kimbubu Island (Kisiwa cha Kimbubu, in Swahili) is a protected, uninhabited island in the Sea of Zanj under the Dar es Salaam Marine Reserve (DMRS) with the IUCN category II located within Kigamboni District of Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. The islands reserve measures around 4.7km2. East of the island is Sinda Island, north is the Makatumbi Islands and west is the Mjimwema ward of Kigamboni.
# Kinloch, Blairgowrie

Kinloch /ˈkɪnlɒx/ is a hamlet and civil parish immediately north of the Loch of Drumellie, about two miles (three kilometres) west of Blairgowrie in Perth and Kinross.
# Kim Hong-kyu

Kim Hong Kyu (Korean: 김홍규)is a South Korean paralympic archer. He won the gold medal at the Men's team recurve event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing.
# King Salman Global Maritime Industries Complex

The King Salman Global Maritime Industries Complex is a shipyard in Ras Al-Khair, Saudi Arabia that is under construction and planned to open in late 2018. Upon completion, it will be the largest shipyard in the world. Development of the facility began in November 2015, when Saudi Arabian oil and gas company Saudi Aramco and South Korean shipbuilder Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) regarding development of marine industry in Saudi Arabia, including a large shipyard. In January 2016, it was announced that the partnership to construct the shipyard had expanded with the signing of an MoU between the National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia, Maritime Offshore Limited (a Lamprell subsidiary), Saudi Aramco, and HHI. The consortium subsequently signed a joint development agreement in June to undertake feasibility analysis of the shipyard, which had by then been confirmed to be sited in Ras Al-Khair.
Royal HaskoningDHV and Hyundai Engineering & Construction were awarded a design contract for the facility in October 2016, and the ceremonial groundbreaking took place on 29 November 2016, although the first major construction contract, for dredging on site preparation, was not signed until May 2017. In November 2017, Saudi Aramco awarded China Power Construction Group a $3 billion contract to build the shipyard facilities. Total construction costs are estimated to be about US$4.3 billion. The complex is scheduled to open in stages from late 2018 through 2022, when it will reach full capacity. When complete, the facility is estimated to increase the gross domestic product of Saudi Arabia by $17 billion, while decreasing the country's imports by $12 billion and supporting 80,000 jobs nationally.
The facility will be about 4.96 square kilometres (1,230 acres) in area, with several dry docks and at least 15 separate piers. It will have four major areas of operation—shipbuilding, ship repair, oil rig construction, and oil rig support. In July 2017, Hyundai Heavy Industries signed a memorandum of understanding to jointly develop with Saudi Aramco and investment company Dussur a $400 million factory to build medium speed marine diesel engines at the complex. In January 2018, the anchor facility at the complex, a shipyard named International Maritime Industries, was incorporated with orders for at least 20 oil rigs and 50 ships.
# Kincasslagh

Cionn Caslach (anglicised as Kincasslagh) is a small Gaeltacht seaside village in the Rosses area of County Donegal, Ireland. Despite only having a population of just over 40 people, the village has attracted much international attention due to the success of local singer Daniel O'Donnell.

## Name

The Irish and official name for Kincasslagh is Cionn Caslach or Ceann Caslach, which means head of the small inlet. Due to its status as a Gaeltacht village, all roadsigns to and in the village itself are in the Irish language.

## Language

Kincasslagh is in the Gaeltacht region which means the official language of the area is Irish. However, the use of the language has been in decline since the 1950s. There are very few Irish-speakers in Kincasslagh today, much like neighbouring villages Mullaghduff and Burtonport.

## History

Kincasslagh has a long history of emigration, much like the rest of West Donegal. In the 1950s and 1960s, a large number of locals left the area to work in countries such as the UK (England and especially Scotland), the USA and Australia.

## Education

The local primary school is the Irish language Scoil Náisiúnta Béal na Cruite with 112 pupils, and the nearest secondary school is Rosses Community School in Dungloe.

## Local amenities

There is only one public house in the village Iggy's, and the one grocery shop, The Cope, is part of a cooperative retail chain indigenous to the area. The Viking House is the nearest hotel to the village, which was once owned by singer Daniel O'Donnell. Kincasslagh is also the nearest village to Cruit Island, which boasts a very popular golf course.

## Sport

The local Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) team is Naomh Mhuire CLG which covers the greater Lower Rosses area. The local soccer team is Keadue Rovers.

## Arts

Kincasslagh is probably best known for being the birthplace of singers Margo and Daniel O'Donnell. The village played host to Daniel's annual tea party which he held at his mother's home as part of the Donegal Shore Festival, which drew thousands of fans each year. The village was used as a location for the film American Women / The Closer You Get in 2000

## Transport

Kincasslagh is situated five kilometres from Donegal International Airport. Kincasslagh Road railway station, five kilometres south, was open from 1913 until 1940 when the Derry and Lough Swilly Railway closed the line due to financial difficulties.
# King's Norton Mint

Kings Norton Mint was a 19th-century metalworking and minting company founded in Birmingham, England. As a private company it worked to develop and manufacture various metal products including wire, nails, ammunitions and later coins on behalf of the Royal Mint. Notably it is credited with inventing solid-drawn ammunition cartridges for small firearms.

## History

The Kings Norton Mint was founded in 1889 as The King's Norton Metal Company by engineers Thomas Richard Bayliss and George Hagger. Initially the company specialised in the manufacture of coinage strip and coin blanks however also produces products for the construction industry. Prior to the mint's creation the nearby Birmingham Mint under the ownership of Ralph Heaton III had dominated the industry little competition in competing for minting contract. By 1912 the company acquired a contract from the Royal Mint to supply bronze Planchet for its London based facility and later started to supply coinage for the British Empire. Working in conjunction with the Royal Mint and the Birmingham Mint the Kings Norton Mint eventually struck its own coin series marked with a K N mint mark.
With the outbreak of World War I priorities shifted towards the war effort and instead focused on ammunitions and weaponry.
In 1926 the Mint was amalgamated into Imperial Chemical Industries.
# Kirksville, Illinois

Kirksville is an unincorporated community in Moultrie County, Illinois, United States. Kirksville is located in Sullivan Township, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southwest of Sullivan.
# Kingdown and Middledown

Kingdown and Middledown (grid reference ST480532) is a 5.7 hectare (14.1 acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Cheddar in the Mendip Hills, Somerset, notified in 1991.
This site, which is in two parts, is situated on the plateau of the Mendip Hills and supports populations of two nationally rare plant species. Kingdown is at the end of a dry valley where Carboniferous Limestone outcrops as a small cliff, opposite which is a small disused limestone quarry. Covering some of the rock outcrops are clumps of Cheddar Pink (Dianthus gratianopolitanus), which is a nationally rare species. The nationally scarce species Soft-leaved Sedge (Carex montana) and Cheddar Bedstraw (Galium fleurotii) are also found here.
# Kippa-Ring railway station

Kippa-Ring railway station is the terminus of the Redcliffe Peninsula railway line and serves the suburb of Kippa-Ring in City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. It features a park & ride facility and local bus stops. A stabling facility, capable of holding 10 six car trains, is located to the west of the station. It opened, together with the rail line, on 4 October 2016.
Following an upgrade of Kippa-Ring railway station's car park, the station now has 408 parking spaces, consisting of 396 normal parking spaces, two new family parking spaces, and ten disability parking spaces, eight are located near the grassed area at the entrance to the station, with two of the originally installed spaces still available, with the rest being replaces by the two family parking spots and seven regular parking spots.

## Services

Kippa-Ring is served by trains operating to Roma Street and Springfield Central. Some afternoon weekday services continue to Ipswich.

## Services by platform

| Platform | Line | Destinations | Notes |
| 1 | Redcliffe Peninsula | Roma Street, Springfield Central & Ipswich | |
| 2 | Redcliffe Peninsula | Roma Street, Springfield Central & Ipswich | |

## Bus routes by stop

| Stop | Route Number | Destination | Locations/Roads Serving |
| Stop A | 660 (northbound) | Caboolture station | Rothwell, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Morayfield |
| Stop A | 660 (southbound) | Redcliffe | Anzac Avenue |
| Stop A | 680 (inbound) | Chermside | Rothwell, North Lakes bus station, Kallangur, Petrie station, Lawnton, Strathpine, Bald Hills, Carseldine, Aspley |
| Stop A | 680 (outbound) | Redcliffe | Anzac Avenue |
| Stop A | 690 (inbound) | Sandgate station | Scarborough, Redcliffe, Oxley Avenue, Hornibrook Esp, Brighton |
| Stop A | 690 (outbound) | Clontarf (Duffield Road) | Elizabeth Avenue |
| Stop A | 694 (drop-off only) | from Redcliffe | Oxley Avenue, Hornibrook Esp, Clontarf, Kippa-Ring |
| Stop A | 696 (clockwise loop) (drop-off only) | from Redcliffe | Woody Point, Redcliffe Waterfront, Boardman Road |
| Stop A | 696 (anti-clockwise loop) (drop-off only) | from Redcliffe | Boardman Road, Redcliffe Waterfront, Woody Point |
| Stop A | 698 (drop-off only) | from Rothwell station | Morris Road |
| Stop A | 699 (drop-off only) | from Redcliffe | Scarborough, Newport |
| Stop B | 694 | Redcliffe | Kippa-Ring, Clontarf, Oxley Avenue, Hornibrook Esp |
| Stop B | 696 (clockwise loop) | Redcliffe | Boardman Road, Redcliffe Waterfront, Woody Point |
| Stop B | 696 (anti-clockwise loop) | Redcliffe | Woody Point, Redcliffe Waterfront, Boardman Road |
| Stop B | 698 | Rothwell station | Morris Road |
| Stop B | 699 | Redcliffe | Newport, Scarborough |

## Transport links

Hornibrook Bus Lines operate six routes via Kippa-Ring station:
* 680: Redcliffe to Chermside bus station
* 690: Redcliffe to Sandgate
* 694: to Redcliffe via Clontarf
* 696: to Redcliffe via Woody Point
* 698: to Rothwell station
* 699: to Redcliffe via Scarborough
Kangaroo Bus Lines operates one route to and from Kippa-Ring station:
* 660: to Caboolture station
# Kinomoto

Kinomoto may refer to:
* Kinomoto, Shiga, a former town in Ika District, Shiga Prefecture, Japan
* Kinomoto Station, a railway station in Nagahama, Shiga, Japan

## People with the surname

* Kozo Kinomoto (木之本 興三, 1949–2017), Japanese footballer
* Minehiro Kinomoto (木ノ本 嶺浩, born 1989), Japanese actor

## Fictional characters

* Sakura Kinomoto (木之本 桜), protagonist of the manga series Cardcaptor Sakura
# Kinonchulus

Kinonchulus is a genus of nematode, one of the few to retain its pharyngeal armature to adulthood.
# Kirkby Shoal

Kirkby Shoal is a small shoal area with depths of less than 10 fathoms (18 m) extending about 150 yards (140 m) westwards and south-southwestwards, about 3.4 km (2.1 mi) from the summit of Shirley Island, Windmill Islands, and 0.15 mi (0.24 km) northwest of Stonehocker Point, Clark Peninsula.

## Discovery and naming

Kirkby Shoal was discovered and charted in 1962 during a hydrographic survey of Newcomb Bay and approaches by d'A.T. Gale, hydrographic surveyor with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) on the Thala Dan, led by Phillip Law. It was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia after Sydney L. Kirkby, a surveyor at Mawson Station in 1956 and 1960.
# Kivimaa

Kivimaa is the 6th district of the city of Lahti, in the region of Päijät-Häme, Finland.
The population of the statistical district of Kivimaa was 4,157 in 2019.