OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kálmán Kéri

Kálmán Kéri (25 June 1901 – 26 May 1994) was a Hungarian military officer and politician.
He studied in Nagyvárad (present-day Oradea) at the Royal Hungarian Military Artillery High School and after graduation he joined the Honvédség, the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian army. Under the Hungarian Soviet Republic he joined the Red Army, on the order of Aurél Stromfeld, who was the commander of the Ludovica Military Academy before the revolution. After the war, he received an appointment to the Ludovica Academy and graduated as an artillery officer in 1921. After graduation, he started to work at the General Staff.
Between 1941 and 1942, he served as a military attaché, attached to the Hungarian Embassy in Bratislava. In 1942 he was promoted to Colonel and continued to serve at the General Staff as the adjutant and secretary to the Defence Minister Vilmos Nagy.
In 1944 he became the Chief of Staff of the VI Corps, and shortly after the Chief of Staff of the First Hungarian Army. When in October 1944 Regent Miklós Horthy announced the armistice with the Soviet Union in a nationwide radio address, Kéri approached the Soviet forces and joined the Hungarian armistice delegation in Moscow.

## After 1945

In 1945, he became the military leader of the Ministry of Defence in the Interim government of General Béla Miklós. In the same year he was arrested for sabotage, but he was acquitted from all charges by the military tribunal. After that he was released from active duty.
In 1949 he was arrested again, and he transferred to the internment camp at Kistarcsa and after that to the Recsk Death Camp at the Recsk mine. He was released from there in 1953, when the camp was closed down, and he was sentenced retroactively to 4 years, 9 months term.
Until his retirement in 1966, he worked as a night watchman, unskilled labourer and as a storeman. He was rehabilitated in 1990 and he was promoted to Lieutenant general and in 1991 to General.

## After 1990

In 1988 he was a founding member of the Recsk Alliance, an organization of former Recsk Death Camp prisoners. He became the member of the National Assembly on the 1990 elections as a representative of the MDF. He was the eldest member of that parliament and, in line with the tradition, he was the honorary chairman of the founding session of the new, democratically elected National Assembly. He became the member of the Home Defence Committee and he died one day before the end of the National Assembly's term, in 1994.

## Sources

* This page is the translation of the Hungarian Wikipedia (in Hungarian)Kéri Kálmán.
* Szabadon választott – Parlamenti Almanach 1990, Idegenforgalmi Propaganda és Kiadó Vállalat, Budapest, 1990, 154. old.
* Kálmán Kéri's opening address on the first session of the newly elected National Assembly, in 1990, (in Hungarian)
* On this day Kálmán Kéri born, article on mult-kor.hu, (in Hungarian)
* Kálmán Kéri on the memorial site of the Recsk Death Camp, (in Hungarian)
Honorary titles :
| Preceded by- | Oldest sitting Member of Parliament 1990–1994 | Succeeded byLászló Varga |
# Leo P. Kadanoff Prize

The Leo P. Kadanoff Prize is awarded annually by the American Physical Society (APS) for outstanding research in statistical or nonlinear physics. The research can be theoretical, experimental, or computational.
The award was established by the APS Topical Group on Statistical and Nonlinear Physics in 2018 as a memorial tribute to Leo P. Kadanoff, a member (elected in 1978) of the National Academy of Sciences, a co-winner of the 1980 Wolf Prize in Physics, and the president of the APS in 2007–2008. The award consists of $10,000, a medal, a certificate, and limited travel expenses to the APS meeting where the award is conferred. The award was initially established with contributions from family, friends, and colleagues of Kadanoff and was later fully endowed by a large, anonymous gift.

## Recipients

| Year | Recipient | Institution at time of award | Awarded for (according to official APS citation) |
| 2019 | M. Cristina Marchetti | University of California, Santa Barbara | For original contributions to equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, including profound work on equilibrium and driven vortex systems, and fundamental research and leadership in the growing field of active matter. |
| 2020 | Nigel Goldenfeld | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign | For profound contributions to the fields of dynamical pattern formation, superconductivity, and fluid turbulence, together with creative developments and exposition of the theory of the renormalization group. |
| 2021 | Sidney Redner | Santa Fe Institute | For leadership in transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries by applying and advancing deep concepts and methods of statistical physics to gain novel insights into diverse real-world phenomena. |
| 2022 | Katepalli R. Sreenivasan | New York University | For pioneering experimental, theoretical, and numerical research on the nonlinear and multifractal foundations of turbulent flows. |
| 2023 | Itamar Procaccia | The Weizmann Institute of Science | For groundbreaking contributions to statistical and nonlinear physics, including the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm for obtaining the attractor dimension from chaotic time series, and approaches to describe complex multifractals, diffusion-limited aggregation, and polymer drag reduction in turbulent flows. |
| 2024 | Mark Newman | University of Michigan | For fundamental contributions to the statistical physics of complex networks. |
# Open front rounded vowel

IPA: Vowels :
IPA help
 audio
full chart
template
Legend: unrounded • rounded :
The (near-)open front rounded vowel, or (near-)low front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound that has not been confirmed to be phonemic in any spoken language. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɶ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is &. The letter ⟨ɶ⟩ is the small caps rendition of ⟨Œ⟩. ⟨œ⟩, the lowercase version of the ligature, is used for the open-mid front rounded vowel.
While the IPA chart lists it as a fully open vowel, the rounded equivalent of [a], Ladefoged characterizes it as near-open, the rounded equivalent of [æ].
A phoneme generally transcribed by this symbol is reported from the Bavarian dialect of Amstetten. However, it is phonetically open-mid, [œ].
It occurs allophonically in Weert Limburgish as well as in some speakers of Danish and Swedish. Certain transcriptions of Danish use ⟨ɶ⟩ to denote an open-mid front rounded vowel [œ].
In Maastrichtian Limburgish, the vowel transcribed with ⟨ɶː⟩ in the Mestreechter Taol dictionary is phonetically near-open central [ɐ̹ː]. It is a phonological open-mid front rounded vowel, the long counterpart of /œ/.
Riad (2014) reports that [ɶː] in Stockholm Swedish is sometimes difficult to distinguish from [ɒː], which is the main realization of the /ɑː/ phoneme, a sign that both vowels are phonetically very close.

## Features

* Its vowel height is open, also known as low, which means the tongue is positioned far from the roof of the mouth – that is, low in the mouth.
* Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Rounded front vowels are often centralized, which means that often they are in fact near-front.
* It is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded rather than spread or relaxed.

## Occurrence

| Language | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
| Danish | Some speakers | grøn | [ˈkʁɶ̝nˀ] | 'green' | Near-open; allophone of /ø/ between /ʁ/ and /v/ as well as an allophone of /œ/ between /ʁ/ and a nasal. Other speakers pronounce it the same as [œ]. See Danish phonology |
| Limburgish | Weert dialect | bui | [bɶj] | 'shower' | Allophone of /œ/ before /j/. See Weert dialect phonology |
| Swedish | Stockholm | öra | [ˈɶ̂ːra̠] | 'ear' | Pre-/r/ allophone of /øː/ (sometimes also /œ/) for younger speakers. Open-mid [œː, œ] for other speakers. See Swedish phonology |
# Kniman, Indiana

Kniman is an unincorporated community in Jasper County, Indiana, in the United States.

## History

Kniman was founded in 1887 by H. Kniman, and named for him. A post office was established at Kniman in 1888, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1936.
# Perissomerus flammeus

Perissomerus flammeus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1971.
# Mialouto

Mialouto is a village in the Bamingui-Bangoran Prefecture in the northern Central African Republic.
It is located on the border with Chad.
# 1951 Gent–Wevelgem

The 1951 Gent–Wevelgem was the 13th edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 25 March 1951. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by André Rosseel.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | André Rosseel (BEL) | 6h 31' 00" |
| 2 | Rafael Jonckheere (BEL) | + 12" |
| 3 | Lionel Van Brabant (BEL) | + 12" |
| 4 | Roger Decock (BEL) | + 12" |
| 5 | Alois Vansteenkiste (BEL) | + 12" |
| 6 | Marcel Huber (SUI) | + 12" |
| 7 | Norbert Callens (BEL) | + 4' 01" |
| 8 | Jules Depoorter (BEL) | + 4' 29" |
| 9 | Basiel Wambeke (BEL) | + 5' 13" |
| 10 | André Maelbrancke (BEL) | + 5' 13" |
# British Amateur Press Association

The British Amateur Press Association (BAPA) was the first Amateur Press Association in Britain. It was founded in 1890. In September 1910 it began to publish a quarterly collection of its members' publications under the title The British amateur from Bishop Auckland. This was renamed The British amateur journalist for its second issue before reverting to the earlier title in 1915. A magazine published in July 1964 by J. B. Easson of Hanworth is titled British amateur journalist: Argo. By Christmas 1965 the magazine was being published by John Atkins of Oxted. Bob Tyson of Wimborne became General Secretary and published a monthly news bulletin until at least May 1976.
Initially, largely literary and news oriented, BAPA became broader with members such as John Carnell, who published two collections of science fiction in 1945 and 1946, respectively. A collection of poetry published for the 150 members of the Association in 1972 (The Wine The Women and The Song edited by Arthur Smith of Pyle was notable for having the word 'fuck' cut out of a poem by Gerald England on the last page of every copy. In 1990 the Secretary was Mr L E Linford of Stratford, London.
# Lindtveit

Lindtveit is a village in Arendal municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located just east of the river Nidelva along the Norwegian County Road 408. The village of Rykene is located about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the southeast of Lindtveit.
# BRWNGRLZ

BRWNGRLZ is a laser-cut jewelry company started by Gretchen Carvajal for Black and brown women. In 2021, BRWNGRLZ was featured in Vogue.

## Overview
### Origin

Carvajal moved to the United States in 2001. She grew up in the Bay Area. In 2011, Carvajal won a spot to compete at the national youth poetry slam, Brave New Voices (BNV), in San Francisco. At BNV, she met an artist selling handmade earrings, which later inspired her to start her own earring business. In 2013, Carvajal was frustrated and inspired by the lack of representation of women of color in fashion accessories. She started the business, BRWNGRLZ, out of her dormitory, creating laser cut jewelry for women of color.

### Inspirations

Carvajal is inspired by prominent cultures in the Bay Area, such as Black, Chicana, and South East Asian cultures. Her creations mix technical fine art skills with symbols of social movements and cultural moments, such as the United Farm Workers movement and the international hotel strike. Each pair of earrings in the company's collection is named after a woman of color.

### Collaborations

The company has collaborated with Toro y Moi, Ruby Ibarra, Bayani Art, and Kehlani.
# Hamnet (disambiguation)

Hamnet Shakespeare (1585–1596) was the only son of English playwright William Shakespeare.
Hamnet may also refer to:
* Hamnet (novel), a 2020 novel by Maggie O'Farrell
** Hamnet (film), a British-American film based on the novel
* Hamnet Holditch (1800–1867), English mathematician
* Variant spelling of Hamnett, a surname
# Kohle

Kohle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hayley Marie Kohle (1982–2008), Canadian fashion model
* Horst Kohle (born 1935), German football player
* Stefanie Köhle (born 1986), Austrian alpine skier
# Perissomasticinae

The Perissomasticinae are a subfamily of moth of the family Tineidae. They mostly have glossy, uniformly coloured or bicoulourd forewings and short labial palps.

## Genera

* Cylicobathra
* Ectabola
* Edosa
* Hyperbola
* Neoepiscardia
* Perissomastix
* Phalloscardia
* Theatrochora
# Lingens v. Austria

Lingens v Austria (1986) 8 EHRR 407 was a 1986 European Court of Human Rights case that placed restrictions on libel laws because of the freedom of expression provisions of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

## Context

Peter Michael Lingens was fined for publishing in a Vienna magazine (Profil) comments about the behavior of the Austrian Chancellor, such as 'basest opportunism', 'immoral' and 'undignified'. Under the Austrian criminal code the only defense was proof of the truth of these statements. Lingens could not prove the truth of these value judgments.

## Judgment

The European Court of Human Rights stated that a careful distinction needed to be made between facts and value judgments/opinions. The existence of facts can be demonstrated, whereas the truth of value judgments is not susceptible of proof. The facts on which Lingens founded his value judgments were not disputed; nor was his good faith. Since it was impossible to prove the truth of value judgments, the requirement of the relevant provisions of the Austrian criminal code was impossible of fulfilment and infringed article 10 of the convention.
# BMW M337

The BMW M337 is a straight-6 OHV petrol engine installed at a slanted angle which was produced in three variants (M337/1, M337/2 and M337/3) from 1952-1958. Built to power BMW's first new car after World War II, the M337 engine was a replacement for the BMW M78.

## Design

Compared with its M78 predecessor, the M337 features a revised cylinder head, a new inlet manifold and a reinforced crankshaft with bigger, more modern bearings.$^{:88}$ As per the M78, the M337 has an iron engine block, an iron cylinder head and overhead valves with two valves per cylinder.$^{:46}$

## Versions

| Model | Displacement | Power | Torque | Year |
| M337/1 | 1,971 cc (120.3 cu in) | 48 kW (65 PS; 64 hp) at 4,400 rpm | 129 N⋅m (95 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm | 1952-1954 |
| M337/2 | 1,971 cc (120.3 cu in) | 54 kW (73 PS; 72 hp) at 4,400 rpm | 130 N⋅m (96 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm | 1954-1955 |
| M337/3 | 2,077 cc (126.7 cu in) | 54 kW (73 PS; 72 hp) at 4,400 rpm | 135 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm | 1955-1958 |

### M337/1

The first version of the M337 engine has a displacement of 120.3 cu in (1,971 cc). It produces 48 kW (65 PS) at 4,400 rpm and 129 N⋅m (95 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm.
Applications:
* 1952-1954 501

### M337/2

In 1954, a revised engine was released which produced 54 kW (73 PS) at 4,400 rpm and 130 N⋅m (96 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm.$^{:48}$ The compression ratio for this engine is 6.8:1.
Applications:
* 1954-1955 501A
* 1954-1955 501B

### M337/3

The final version of the M337 had an increase in bore of 2 mm (0.079 in), which increased displacement to 2,077 cc (126.7 cu in). The compression ratio was also increased to 7.0:1. Despite these changes the M337/3 produced no more power than the previous version. However torque increased to 135 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm.$^{:92}$
Applications:
* 1955-1958 501/3
# Knoxville, Maryland

Knoxville is an unincorporated community in Frederick and Washington counties, Maryland, United States. The Robert Clagett Farm and Magnolia Plantation are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

Knoxville is situated at the base of South Mountain directly beside the Potomac River to the immediate east of the water gap leading towards Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. The first settlers, English and German, began to populate the area in the latter half of the 18th century. By the early 19th century, a village began to form along the main road leading from Frederick, to Harpers Ferry, then the site of one of the two national armories in the United States. The coming of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and the establishment of the industrial town of Weverton to the immediate west fueled the growth of Knoxville in the 1840s.
In 1849, the Frederick Examiner newspaper reported that Knoxville was flourishing with new businesses and houses. Many of the vernacular and Greek Revival-styled buildings seen in the village today date from the 1840s and 1850s when the railroad, canal, and industry along the Potomac River contributed to Knoxville's growth. In 1851, a German Reformed congregation was founded in Knoxville and a new stone church erected atop Cemetery Hill. Despite the interruption of the Civil War, Knoxville continued to thrive as a local transportation hub throughout the third quarter of the 19th century. Two additional churches were established in the town during these years: a Methodist Episcopal Church in 1869 and a Lutheran church (removed from the village of Weverton) in 1873.
In 1890, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad began construction of a massive rail yard in the village of Berlin, 2 miles (3 km) to the east. By 1894, Berlin was incorporated as Brunswick, and all industry and transportation activity shifted from Knoxville to the new city.
# Perissomerus hilairei

Perissomerus hilairei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1909.
# Methanosarcina thermophila

Methanosarcina thermophila is a thermophilic, acetotrophic, methane-producing archaeon.
# 1961 Argentine Primera División

The 1961 Argentine Primera División was the 70th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 16 and ended on December 3.
Racing Club won its 14th championship while two teams were relegated to Primera B, Lanús and Los Andes.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Racing | 30 | 19 | 9 | 2 | 68 | 39 | +29 | 47 |
| 2 | San Lorenzo | 30 | 16 | 8 | 6 | 56 | 35 | +21 | 40 |
| 3 | River Plate | 30 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 53 | 30 | +23 | 38 |
| 4 | Atlanta | 30 | 13 | 11 | 6 | 49 | 34 | +15 | 37 |
| 5 | Boca Juniors | 30 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 57 | 33 | +24 | 35 |
| 6 | Independiente | 30 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 46 | 40 | +6 | 33 |
| 7 | Vélez Sársfield | 30 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 43 | 38 | +5 | 31 |
| 7 | Chacarita Juniors | 30 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 49 | 53 | −4 | 31 |
| 9 | Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP) | 30 | 12 | 4 | 14 | 56 | 53 | +3 | 28 |
| 10 | Huracán | 30 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 43 | 51 | −8 | 25 |
| 11 | Argentinos Juniors | 30 | 10 | 4 | 16 | 42 | 56 | −14 | 24 |
| 12 | Lanús | 30 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 36 | 59 | −23 | 24 |
| 13 | Rosario Central | 30 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 54 | 69 | −15 | 23 |
| 14 | Estudiantes (LP) | 30 | 4 | 14 | 12 | 29 | 47 | −18 | 22 |
| 15 | Ferro Carril Oeste | 30 | 8 | 5 | 17 | 38 | 55 | −17 | 21 |
| 15 | Los Andes | 30 | 10 | 1 | 19 | 38 | 65 | −27 | 21 |
# Acrostalagmus

Acrostalagmus is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Plectosphaerellaceae.
The genus was described in 1838 by August Carl Joseph Corda. The commonest species is a hyphomycete, Acrostalagmus luteoalbus, which makes verticillate conidiophores with orange balls of slimy 1-celled conidia. It grows on dung and other kinds of debris. The species was often classified in Verticillium until DNA phylogenies suggested that the root-pathogenic species of that genus are distinct. The synnematous species Acrostalagmus annulatus is also relatively common.
Species:
* Acrostalagmus albus
* Acrostalagmus annulatus
* Acrostalagmus luteoalbus
# Grzegorz Tomala

Grzegorz Tomala (born 6 September 1974) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He made one appearance for the Poland national team in 1999. Following retirement, he became a goalkeeping coach.
# Knoxville, Cumberland Gap and Louisville Railroad

Knoxville, Cumberland Gap and Louisville Railroad (1888–1889) was a railroad which went across the U.S. state of Tennessee and into Kentucky. It was built in the late 1880s and used for industrial purposes.
The railroad began as the Powell's Valley Railway, chartered in Tennessee July 24, 1896, to build a railroad line from Knoxville, Tennessee to Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. In 1887 the name was changed to the Powell's Valley Railroad.
In 1889 the Powell's Valley Railroad again changed its name, to the Knoxville, Cumberland Gap & Louisville Railroad. Soon after, in 1889, the KCG&L completed construction on its line between Middlesborough, Tennessee and Cumberland Gap, including a tunnel under Cumberland Gap. Because the tunnel was built where Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia came together, charters from all three states were needed. After five years, the tunnel collapsed and was repaired but collapsed again in 1896. At one time, passengers had to get out and walk or ride a wagon across the gap while the train went through the tunnel.
In 1895, the Knoxville, Cumberland Gap and Louisville Railroad was sold and reorganized as the Knoxville, Cumberland Gap and Louisville Railway.
In 1896, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad took possession of the KCG&LRY and abandoned much of its trackage. Later that same year, the L&N acquired the Middlesborough Railroad in order to provide a company to lease certain property to the KCG&LRY, specifically much of the remaining trackage from the L&N connection with the KCG&L in Tennessee to the station in Middlesborough, a total of 4.342 miles, for 99 years. The L&N bought and reinforced the tunnel and built a line from Pineville, Kentucky southeast to Middlesborough. Southern Railroad bought the portion of the line south of the tunnel.
In 1971, the Atlantic Coast Line acquired the L&N.
In 1986, the Seaboard Coast Line, owner of the ACL, merged with the Chessie System to form CSX Transportation. Later the NS acquired this route. However, in early 2022 R.J. Corman announced that its Knoxville and Cumberland Gap Railroad would acquire and operate this route.
# Michael Branch

Michael Branch may refer to:
* Michael Branch (academic) (1940–2019), British linguist and academic administrator
* Michael Branch (footballer) (born 1978), English footballer
* Mike Branch (born 1965), Louisiana state senator
* Michael P. Branch (born 1963), American ecocritic, writer, and humorist