OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gitta Nickel

Gitta Nickel (May 28, 1936 Briensdorf, Province of East Prussia - December 18, 2023 Werder (Havel)) was a German filmmaker. She was one of the few female directors who was successful in the GDR. From the 1960s onward, she produced more than 60 films, some of which won awards at festivals.

## Life and work

The daughter of a dairy owner, she graduated from high school in Blankenburg (Harz). Nickel studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin Pedagogy and German studies. She completed her studies in 1957 with the state examination.
She then gained her first experience in the film business as an assistant director at DEFA. From 1959, she was also involved in the production of feature films in this capacity. In 1963, she moved to the studio for newsreels and documentaries. She again worked as an assistant director, primarily with Karl Gass. Two years later, she directed her first own film, We Understand Each Other.
In the following years, she increasingly shot documentaries in the Soviet Union. She was also interested in everyday life in the GDR and captured this in several productions. She worked almost exclusively with cameraman Niko Pawloff.
For GDR television, Nickel directed several cinematic portraits, including a film about the director Konrad Wolf in 1977. She let the people portrayed speak for themselves and largely refrained from commenting.
Since 1972 she was a member of the board, since 1977 of the presidium of the Association of Film and Television Professionals of the GDR.

## Filmography (selection)

* 1965: Wir verstehen uns
* 1967: Sibirien, mein Haus
* 1968: Lieder machen Leute
* 1969: Hier und dort
* 1970: Sie
* 1971: Palucca / Gret Palucca
* 1972: Heuwetter. Stories from Hohenselchow 1972 and 1963
* 1973: Die Söhne der Thai
* 1974: Paul Dessau
* 1975: ... und morgen kommen die Polinnen (TV movie)
* 1976: Das ist einfach mein Leben
* 1976: Die May
* 1977: Konrad Wolf
* 1980: Verbrennt nicht unsere Erde
* 1981: Manchmal möchte man fliegen
* 1982: Gundula, Jahrgang '58
* 1984: Renate Holland-Moritz
* 1986: Wenn man eine Liebe hat...
* 1987: Like a fish in water
* 1988: Two Germans
* 1996: Shalom Comrades
* 1999: I was a citizen of the GDR

## Awards

Some of her films received awards at various festivals in the GDR, such as the Findling Prize at the National Festival of Documentary Film of the GDR in 1982.
* 1973: Art Prize of the GDR
* 1974: National Prize III. Class
* 1984: Hero of Labor
* 1988: Art Prize of the FDGB for the continuous and convincing representation of the working class in documentary film

## Literature

* Hans-Michael Bock: Gitta Nickel - Dokumentarfilmregisseurin. In: CineGraph - Lexikon zum deutschsprachigen Film, Delivery 2, 1984.
* Kurzbiografie zu: Nickel, Gitta. In: Wer war wer in der DDR? 5. AusgabeBand 2. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4.
* Grit Lemke: Gitta Nickel - Helden ihrer Zeit.' In: Ralf Schenk & Cornelia Klauß (ed.): Sie - Regisseurinnen der DEFA und ihre Filme, Schriftenreihe der DEFA-Stiftung, Bertz + Fischer Verlag, Berlin: 2019, ISBN 978-3-86505-415-9, pp. 240–247.
# Nova Scotia killings

Nova Scotia killings may refer to:
* 2020 Nova Scotia attacks, a spree killing event
* Sydney River McDonald's murders, a robbery and triple homicide in 1992
* Dartmouth Massacre, a 1751 attack
* Grand-Pré Massacre, a 1747 attack
# Nothing in This World (Taxiride song)

"Nothing in This World" is a song by Australian rock band Taxiride. It was released as the band's fourth and final single from their debut #1 album, Imaginate in July 2000 becoming the band's fourth top fifty single.

## Track listing

CD single
* "Nothing in This World" – 3:27
* "Helena My Dear" – 4:01
* "Can You Feel" (live) – 3:28
* "Can You Feel" (Leigh Brothers Remix) – 3:30
* "Nothing in This World" (Secret Sound Mix) – 3:25

## Charts

Chart performance for "Nothing in This World" :
| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 43 |
# Giuseppe Antonio Fabrini

Giuseppe Antonio Fabrini or Fabbrini (c.1740 - c. 1795) was a painter from Florence, Italy, working in fresco and oil on canvas. He studied under Anton Raphael Mengs and is known to have worked in Italy, whilst his works were also collected by the British nobleman George Clavering-Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper for his country house at Panshanger in Hertfordshire.
# Armentières-sur-Avre

Armentières-sur-Avre (French pronunciation:, literally Armentières on Avre) is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.
# Give and Take (Dynamic Superiors album)

Give and Take is the fourth album from the Dynamic Superiors, and their last on Motown Records. Released in 1977, it includes covers of Martha and the Vandellas' "Nowhere to Run" and Stevie Wonder's "All In Love Is Fair". It is also noted that singer Mariah Carey sampled the song "Here Comes That Feeling Again" for a song she recorded called "I Feel It" (co-produced by Mahogany) which was intended to be released on her album The Emancipation of Mimi, but was denied clearance for the use of the song by the songwriters (It was leaked out to the internet later, but still remains officially unreleased).
On May 22, 2012, The Dynamic Superiors' Give And Take album was released on CD, not by Motown, but by Universal Records' "Soulmusic Records" imprint.

## Track listing

* "Happy Song" (Reginald Brown, Richard Davis, Stafford Floyd) 6:07
* "Give It All Up" (Brian Holland, Edward Holland, Jr., Janie Bradford) 3:51
* "Nowhere to Run" (Holland-Dozier-Holland) 9:07
* "You're What I Need" (Reginald Brown, Richard Davis, Stafford Floyd) 4:47
* "All In Love Is Fair" (Stevie Wonder) 4:31
* "All You Can Do With Love" (Brian Holland, Edward Holland, Jr., Harold Beatty) 3:33
* "Here Comes That Feeling Again" (Brian Holland, Edward Holland, Jr., Harold Beatty, Marlon Woods) 4:22
* "Once Is Just Not Enough" (Edward Holland, Jr., Marlon Woods, Reginald Brown, Stafford Floyd) 5:03

## Personnel

* Ben Benay, Jay Graydon, Ray Parker Jr. - guitar
* Henry Davis, Scott Edwards, Tony Newton - bass
* John Barnes, Sylvester Rivers - keyboards
* James Gadson - drums
* Bob Zimmitti, Gary Coleman, Jules Wechter - percussion
* Bobbye Hall Porter - congas
* Gene Page, McKinley Jackson - arrangements
* Howard Deshong - photography
# Arnica dealbata

Arnica dealbata is a species of Californian plants in the tarweed tribe within the aster family
The species is known by the common name mock leopardbane.

## Distribution and habitat

It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Sierra Nevada and the southernmost slopes of the Cascade Range. It occurs in forest and meadow habitat in the mountains and foothills.
This plant is uncommon throughout its limited distribution and is listed as a sensitive species of Yosemite National Park, where it occurs in two locations.

## Description

It is a hairy, glandular, rhizomatous perennial herb producing an erect stem up to about 35 centimeters tall. The leaves have lance-shaped or pointed oval blades up to 10 centimeters long which are borne on petioles. They are arranged in opposite pairs, mostly near the base of the stem. The blades are coated densely in short curly hairs, some glandular. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head or cluster of a few heads. The head contains up to 12 yellow ray florets up to 2.5 centimeters long with many yellow disc florets at the center.
# Giovanni De Vivo

Giovanni De Vivo (24 March 1940 – 20 September 2015) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop.
He was born in Siena and ordained a priest in 1964. De Vivo was named bishop of Pescia in December 1993 and ordained in 1994 by bishop Francesco Niccoli. He died still in office in 2015.
# Novelsis picta

Novelsis picta is a species of carpet beetle in the family Dermestidae. It is found in North America.
# Glasenberg

Glasenberg may refer to:
* Glasenberg, district of Lambach, Moselle
* Ivan Glasenberg (born 1957), businessman
# Elenchidae

The Elenchidae are an insect family in the order Strepsiptera.
# Elenchus

Elenchus may refer to:
* Elenchus (brachiopod) Gray, 1843, a genus of brachiopods that is a synonym of Weiningia
* Elenchus (insect) Curtis, 1831, a parasitic insect genus in the family Elenchidae
* Elenchus (book), a third-century book also known as Refutation of All Heresies
* Method of elenchus, a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue, that is the central technique of the Socratic method
# Elfordstown Earthstation

Elfordstown Earthstation is a ground station located near Midleton, County Cork, in the south of Ireland. It is operated by the National Space Centre Ltd and is Ireland's only and Europe's most western teleport.

## History

The Elfordstown site was originally commissioned by Telecom Éireann in association with Eutelsat and came into service in 1984, with the purpose of broadcasting voice, data and television services across Europe and between the United States and the continent. However, with the laying of transatlantic fibre cables, starting with PTAT-1 in 1989 , the 32m antenna had become redundant by 1997 and was left idle for a number of years.
After several years unused, National Space Centre Ltd. took over the Elfordstown facility in 2010, installing a number of new satellite dishes and implementing a number of commercial and research based projects. The new complex was completed in April 2013.

## Location

Elfordstown Earthstation is located about 5 km north of Midleton and can be reached via a 3 km private road. The area is bounded by a 2.5m fence and can only be visited after registration. The facility consists of the main building with staff offices and rooms for research and development activities. A second, smaller building contains the generators for emergency power supplies as well as some more small buildings on the area for antenna purposes. The site with a size of 30,000 square meters is dominated by the 32m diameter C band antenna, which is currently not in operation. With the new 9.1m Ka band antenna built in 2011, it currently operates five antennas from 3.7m to 13.1m and many smaller dishes. The antennas are capable of communication in the C-, Ku-, Ka-, and S band. A 121.3 metres tall free-standing lattice tower on the area of Elfordstown Earthstation is used for radio relay links to and from the facility.

## Current operations

National Space Centre Ltd uses Elfordstown Earthstation to operate on a number of levels, working closely with both private companies and governmental and bodies. Especially ground station operations and Earth observation with every type of satellite (low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit and geosynchronous orbit) and secure data server hosting services are provided.

## Projects

National Space Centre possesses a Research and Development department, that partakes in numerous Irish, European and International research-based projects. Many of these projects are run through well-known bodies including the European Space Agency.
# BS20

BS20 may refer to:
* BS20, a BS postcode area for Bristol, England
* Bonomi BS.20 Albanella, a sailplane
* BS 20 Report on BS Screw Threads, a British Standard
# Kirkland Tennis Challenger

The Kirkland Tennis Challenger was a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hard courts. The event was classified as a $50,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and was held in Kirkland, Washington, United States, in 2015.

## Past finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2015 | Mandy Minella | Nicole Gibbs | 2–6, 7–5, 6–2 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2015 | Stéphanie Foretz Mandy Minella | Lesley Kerkhove Arantxa Rus | 6–4, 4–6, [10–4] |
# 2000 Liga Perdana 1

The 2000 Liga Perdana 1 season is the third season of Liga Perdana 1. A total of 12 teams participated in the season.
Selangor, Johor and Perlis was promoted from Liga Perdana 2 to increase the total number of teams competing in the league from ten to 12 teams.
The season kicked off on April 15, 2000. Selangor dominated the season and ended up winning the title.

## Teams

12 teams competing in the third season of Liga Perdana 1. Perlis and Johor were promoted while Kedah was relegated to Liga Perdana 2.
* Selangor (2000 Liga Perdana 1 champions)
* Penang
* Perak
* Terengganu
* Sarawak
* Negeri Sembilan
* Pahang
* Kuala Lumpur
* Perlis
* Johor
* Sabah (Relegated to Liga Perdana 2)
* Brunei (Relegated to Liga Perdana 2)

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Selangor | 22 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 41 | 25 | +16 | 45 | Champion |
| 2 | Penang | 22 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 35 | 15 | +20 | 43 | |
| 3 | Perak | 22 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 35 | 18 | +17 | 41 | |
| 4 | Terengganu | 22 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 29 | 23 | +6 | 35 | |
| 5 | Sarawak | 22 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 28 | 22 | +6 | 35 | |
| 6 | Negeri Sembilan | 22 | 10 | 3 | 9 | 32 | 26 | +6 | 33 | |
| 7 | Pahang | 22 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 41 | 28 | +13 | 31 | |
| 8 | Kuala Lumpur | 22 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 27 | 32 | −5 | 29 | |
| 9 | Perlis | 22 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 24 | 27 | −3 | 25 | |
| 10 | Johor | 22 | 6 | 2 | 14 | 27 | 50 | −23 | 20 | |
| 11 | Sabah | 22 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 22 | 41 | −19 | 16 | Relegated to Liga Perdana 2 |
| 12 | Brunei | 22 | 2 | 5 | 15 | 19 | 53 | −34 | 11 | Relegated to Liga Perdana 2 |

## Champions

* 2000 Liga Perdana 1 winner
* Selangor 1st title
# Kalsi, Dehradun

Kalsi (Kālsī) is a town in Dehradun District, Uttarakhand. It is known for the Rock edicts of Kalsi, a group of major inscriptions by emperor Ashoka. The Kalsi rock contains the Major Rock Edicts 1 to 14.
The Kalsi rock edict of Ashoka No.13, mentions the Greek kings Antiochus, Ptolemy, Antigonus, Magas and Alexander by name, as recipients of his teachings.
# Panalipa

Panalipa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

## Species

* Panalipa bisignatus (Swinhoe, 1886)
* Panalipa immeritalis (Walker, 1859)
# Landmark Trust Lundy Island Philatelic Archive

The Landmark Trust Lundy Island Philatelic Archive was donated to the British Library by the Landmark Trust in 1991 and consists of artwork, essays, proofs and issued stamps of Lundy from 1969. The collection includes 48 handstamp postmark devices dating from 1929, when the postal service was introduced on Lundy Island and forms part of the British Library Philatelic Collections.
# 1961 Jordan League

The 1961 Jordan League was the 14th season of Jordan Premier League, the top-flight league for Jordanian association football clubs. Al-Faisaly won its fifth title.

## Overview

Al-Faysali won the championship.
# 1504 in art

Events from the year 1504 in art.

## Events

* January 25 – A committee of artists and citizens of Florence, including Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, Cosimo Rosselli and Piero di Cosimo, meets to decide on the placement of Michelangelo's marble statue of David.
* September 8 – Michelangelo's David is unveiled in Florence.
* The Signoria of Florence commissions both Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci to paint the walls of the Grand Council Chamber in the Palazzo della Signoria.

## Works

* Barbari, trompe-l'œil, Still life with Partridge and Gauntlets
* Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights
* Cranach, The Rest on the Flight to Egypt
* Dürer, Adoration of the Magi
* Giorgione, Judith
* Raphael, Marriage of the Virgin

### Sculpture

* Michelangelo
** David
** Madonna of Bruges
** Pitti Tondo (marble bas-relief)
** Taddei Tondo

### Graphic art

* Jacopo de' Barbari – Still life with Partridge and Gauntlets
* Fra Bartolomeo – The Vision of St. Bernard with Sts. Benedict and John the Evangelist (approximate date)
* Hieronymus Bosch – The Garden of Earthly Delights (triptych; approximate date)
* Cima da Conegliano (approximate date)
** Christ among the doctors
** Madonna and Child (Uffizi and San Francisco versions)
** Saints Peter Martyr, Nicholas of Bari, Benedict and an Angel Musician
* Lucas Cranach the Elder – The Rest on the Flight to Egypt
* Albrecht Dürer
** Adoration of the Magi
** Joachim and Anne Meeting at the Golden Gate (woodcut)
* Giorgione (approximate date)
** Castelfranco Madonna
** Judith
* Leonardo da Vinci – The Battle of Anghiari
* Pietro Perugino – Marriage of the Virgin
* Raphael
** Portrait of Pietro Bembo
** Marriage of the Virgin
** Saint George
** Vision of a Knight
* The Seven Works of Mercy (Master of Alkmaar)

## Publications

* Pomponius Gauricus – De sculptura

## Births

* April 30 – Francesco Primaticcio, Bolognese painter, architect and sculptor (died 1570)
* October 29 – Shin Saimdang, Korean genre works painter and calligraphist (died 1551)
* date unknown – Sesson Shukei, Japanese Zen monk and painter from the Muromachi period (died 1589)
* probable – Marco d'Agrate, Italian sculptor (died 1574)

## Deaths

* April 15 – Filippino Lippi, Tuscan painter (born 1457)
* date unknown
** Pedro Berruguete, Spanish painter (born 1450)
** Gian Giacomo Dolcebuono, Italian architect and sculptor (born 1445)
** Matteo Lappoli, Italian painter (born 1450)
** Master I. A. M. of Zwolle, anonymous Dutch goldsmith and engraver (born 1440)
# 1967 Danish 1st Division

The 1967 Danish 1st Division season was the 22nd season of the Danish 1st Division league championship, governed by the Danish Football Association.
It was contested by 12 teams, and Akademisk Boldklub won the championship.

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Akademisk Boldklub | 22 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 42 | 28 | +14 | 31 |
| 2 | Boldklubben Frem | 22 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 43 | 24 | +19 | 29 |
| 3 | Horsens fS | 22 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 36 | 44 | −8 | 28 |
| 4 | Hvidovre IF | 22 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 32 | 18 | +14 | 27 |
| 5 | Aalborg Boldspilklub | 22 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 38 | 36 | +2 | 23 |
| 6 | Esbjerg fB | 22 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 32 | 36 | −4 | 22 |
| 7 | Kjøbenhavns Boldklub | 22 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 34 | 30 | +4 | 21 |
| 8 | Vejle Boldklub | 22 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 44 | 40 | +4 | 21 |
| 9 | Odense Boldklub | 22 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 23 | 41 | −18 | 17 |
| 10 | Aarhus Gymnastikforening | 22 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 36 | 44 | −8 | 16 |
| 11 | Boldklubben 1903 | 22 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 35 | 41 | −6 | 15 |
| 12 | Køge BK | 22 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 30 | 43 | −13 | 14 |

## Results

| Home \ Away | ABK | AaB | AGF | B03 | EFB | BKF | HOR | HIF | KB | KBK | OB | VBK |
| Akademisk BK | — | 3–1 | 4–0 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 1–0 | 6–0 | 1–0 | 4–3 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 2–1 |
| Aalborg BK | 5–0 | — | 1–4 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 1–4 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 3–2 |
| Aarhus GF | 1–2 | 3–4 | — | 2–2 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 1–3 |
| B 1903 | 3–1 | 1–4 | 2–3 | — | 1–2 | 1–3 | 7–0 | 1–4 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–1 |
| Esbjerg fB | 1–1 | 4–3 | 0–0 | 0–2 | — | 1–1 | 3–1 | 0–3 | 0–2 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 0–2 |
| BK Frem | 2–3 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 3–2 | 2–0 | — | 0–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 4–2 | 4–2 |
| Horsens fS | 3–2 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 2–0 | 3–1 | 2–2 | — | 2–1 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 1–6 |
| Hvidovre IF | 0–0 | 1–1 | 5–1 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 1–1 | — | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 1–3 |
| Kjøbenhavns BK | 0–1 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 3–4 | 1–2 | — | 4–1 | 1–2 | 1–0 |
| Køge BK | 3–5 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 1–2 | 1–4 | 0–3 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 1–2 | — | 5–1 | 1–3 |
| Odense BK | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–6 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 0–2 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–2 | — | 2–1 |
| Vejle BK | 3–2 | 1–3 | 2–2 | 4–2 | 3–1 | 0–2 | 4–5 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–4 | 2–0 | — |
# Lithuania women's national softball team

The Lithuania women's national softball team is the national team of the Lithuania. It is governed by the Lietuvos beisbolo asociacija. Team coached by Romanas Paskočimas.

## Results
### World Championship

| Year | 1990 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2018 |
| Standing | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc |
    nc = not competed

### European Championship

| Year | 1990 | 1992 | 1995 | 1997 | 1999 | 2001 | 2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | 2017 | 2019 | 2021 |
| Standing | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | 23rd | 21st | 17th |
    nc = not competed

### ESF Junior Girls Championship

| Year | 1991 | 1993 | 1994 | 1996 | 1998 | 2000 | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 |
| Standing | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | nc | 15th | 8th |
    nc = not competed

## Team

| Player | Club |
| Nomeda Neverauskaitė | BK Vilnius |
| Aistė Kvasaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Aistė Vaišnoraitė | BK Kaunas Lituanica |
| Dorota Augulevičiūtė | BK Vilnius |
| Vilma Stašauskaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Gabija Venslovaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Kamilija Šiurnaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Augustė Tomaševičiūtė | BK Vilnius |
| Eigilė Daknytė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Gintarė Paskočimaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Goda Karenauskaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Guoda Aleksandravičiūtė | BK Vilnius |
| Akvilė Barzdžiūtė | BK Vilnius |
| Miglė Paskočimaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Simona Adomavičiūtė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Nerita Žukauskaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Emilija Aleknaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Austėja Norvaišaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
| Ugnė Kučinskaitė | BK Utena Vėtra |
| Laura Stankevičiūtė | BK Vilnius |
| Agnė Pupininkaitė | BK Vilnius |
| Paula Petkevič | BK Vilnius |
| Monika Vodzinskaitė | BK Vilnius |
| Greta Barzdžiūtė | BK Vilnius |
| Nerita Povilauskaitė | BK Radviliškis Bėgiai |
# 12 cm Luftminenwerfer M 16

The 12 cm Luftminenwerfer M 16 (Pneumatic trench mortar) was a medium mortar used by Austria-Hungary in World War I. It was developed by Austria Metal Works in Brno from their earlier, rejected, 8 cm project. It was a rigid-recoil, smooth-bore, breech-loading design that had to be levered around to aim at new targets. It was very simple in that the shell closed the top of the chamber and was retained by a "gripper" until the air pressure was deemed sufficient and the gripper was manually released, which fired the weapon. An additional barrel could be fitted to extend the range. A cylinder of compressed air was good for eleven shots.
After an evaluation on 23 November 1915 it was deemed superior to the German designs already in service (10.5 cm Luftminenwerfer M 15 and 15 cm Luftminenwerfer M 15 M. E.) in range and accuracy and a batch of 100 mortars and 50,000 bombs was ordered at the beginning of 1916. Some 280 were at the front by the end of 1916 and 930 by the end of 1917. In addition to Austria Metal Works it was produced by Brand & L'Huillier and the machine factory at Brno-Köningsfeld. Some improvements must have been made over the course of the production run because late-war documents refer to the original design as the M 16a (alte?), but what exactly was changed is unknown.
# 1526 in Ireland

Events from the year 1526 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Lord: Henry VIII

## Births

* Edmund Tanner (d. 1579 in Ireland), Irish Jesuit, Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork and Cloyne, from 1574 to 1579.

## Deaths

* Nicholas St Lawrence, 4th Baron Howth, Irish soldier and statesman of the early Tudor period.