OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Haworthiopsis scabra

Haworthiopsis scabra, formerly Haworthia scabra, is a species of flowering succulent plant from arid regions of the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces, South Africa.

## Description

Haworthiopsis scabra is a very variable species, with several very distinct varieties. Its name "scabra" means "rough", but only its type-variety truly has rough leaves. It typically grows its leaves in three tiers (trifarious) though some varieties have five-tier leaf arrangement. Many varieties have a spiral twist to their leaves.

### Varieties

As of May 2024, Plants of the World Online accepted five varieties:
* H. s. var. lateganiae (Poelln.) G.D.Rowley – larger, smooth, offsetting variety with long, thin leaves
* H. s. var. morrisiae (Poelln.) G.D.Rowley – intermediate, banded variety with confluent tubercles
* H. s. var. scabra – the widespread type-variety; dark and rough from dense tubercles
* H. s. var. smitii (Poelln.) Gildenh. & Klopper – a variety from the Small Karoo (South Africa), with few large tubercles and raised margins and keels
* H. s. var. starkiana (Poelln.) G.D.Rowley – smooth variety, light coloured and without tubercles
The flowers typically appear in November and December.
* Haworthiopsis scabra var. scabra; the type form in habitat
* Haworthiopsis scabra var. starkiana – sometimes classed as a separate species Haworthiopsis starkiana
* Young Haworthiopsis scabra var. smitii in cultivation
* Seedlings of Haworthiopsis scabra var. lateganiae

## Taxonomy

The species was previously included in Haworthia subgenus Hexangulares. Phylogenetic studies demonstrated that subgenus Hexangulares was actually relatively unrelated to other haworthias and so it was moved to the new genus Haworthiopsis.

## Distribution

This species extends across the southern part of South Africa in the arid Little Karoo region. Here it grows on both sides of the border between the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces, from Ladismith in the West to Baviaanskloof in the East.
Within this range, it typically grows in very well-drained sandy soil, usually under a bush or rocks which serve as partial protection from the sun.

## Cultivation

It is very slow growing and is not common in cultivation. It requires extremely well-drained soil and minimal water. They thrive in shady conditions, though some varieties such as starkiana can be adjusted gradually to full sun.
# Attorney General Henderson

Attorney General Henderson may refer to:
* Alexander Henderson (Canadian politician) (1860–1940), Attorneys General of British Columbia
* Paul Henderson (politician) (born 1962), Attorneys-General of the Northern Territory
# Alfonso Zarauza

Alfonso Vilas Zarauza is a film director and screenwriter from Spain. Born in 1973 in Santiago de Compostela, he studied film at HIA in La Coruna.
He is an author of several shorts such as Hai que foderse (1994), ¡Aproba! (1995), A danza de Katiuska (1998), Sebastian (2001), and Touro (2002).
In 2008, he was awarded at the Viña del Mar International Film Festival. In 2009, he directed the TV series O Nordés.
His feature films include Spleen (La noche que dejó de llover, 2008) and Aces (2014). Aces was critically acclaimed.
Zarauza's next film, a comedy Encallados, was shot on 16mm black and white film. The movie was released in 2013 and was awarded as the Best Film at the 2d Premios Mestre Mateo.
In 2019, he produced Jaione Camborda's Arima.
In 2020, he released Ons, a complex and intimate drama, placed in a unique geographical setting. The movie was produced by Galician firm Maruxiña Film Company and Portuguese outfit Bando à Parte. Ons was screened at the 17th Seville European Film Festival.
# Okadaira Shell Mound

The Okadaira Shell Midden (陸平貝塚, Okadaira kaizuka) is an archaeological site in the Iide area of the village of Miho, Ibaraki Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan containing a late Jōmon period shell midden. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1998.

## Overview

During the early to middle Jōmon period (approximately 4000 to 2500 BC), sea levels were five to six meters higher than at present, and the ambient temperature was also 2 deg C higher. During this period, the Kantō region was inhabited by the Jōmon people, many of whom lived in coastal settlements. The middens associated with such settlements contain bone, botanical material, mollusc shells, sherds, lithics, and other artifacts and ecofacts associated with the now-vanished inhabitants, and these features, provide a useful source into the diets and habits of Jōmon society. Most of these middens are found along the Pacific coast of Japan.
The Okadaira ring-shaped shell midden and its village ruin date from the early to late Jōmon period (about 7000 to 3500 years ago), and is located in the center of the south coast of Lake Kasumigaura at an elevation of 20 to 30 meters, on what is believed to have been an island in Lake Kasumigaura during this period. It is one of the largest shell middens in Japan. The site is noteworthy as the first site to have been excavated by Japanese archaeologists in the Meiji period. Tadajiro Sasaki and Isao Iijima were Tokyo Imperial University students who received training by working with the American naturalist Edward S. Morse in 1879 on the famous Ōmori Shell Mounds near Tokyo.
The site is located on a tongue-shaped plateau and measures approximately 250 meter east-to-west by 150 meters north-to-south, and consists of eight large and small shell mounds are scattered on the slope of the plateau. The shell layer is distributed in a ring shape, and Jōmon pottery and clay figurines, stone tools, bone fishhooks and shellfish products have been excavated. Regarding organic remains, the midden contained many varieties of shellfish from inner bay environments, as well as fish bones and bones from animals such as deer, boars, and rabbits.
Despite the site's historic importance, it was scheduled for destruction in the 1970s, when a real estate developer planned to build a resort and residential housing area on the lakeshore and touted plans for "development and preservation in parallel". These plans fell through with Japan's "bubble economy" collapse in the 1980s. In the 1990s, a volunteer group began funding new excavations, and the area received national government protection in 1998. Based on the excavation surveys, an archaeological park with restorations of pit dwellings has been created along with an on-site museum. The site is a 25-minute walk from the Otani bus stop on the JR Bus from Tsuchiura Station on the JR East Jōban Line.

## Gallery

* View over Lake Kasumigaura from the site
* Shell layers of Okadaira Shell Mounds
* Okadaira Shell Mounds Park
# 47 Air Defence Regiment (India)

47 Air Defence Regiment is part of the Corps of Army Air Defence of the Indian Army. It consists of 175, 176 and 177 air defence batteries.

## Formation

47 Air Defence Regiment was raised on 1 April 1962 as 47 Light Anti-aircraft Regiment at Namkum. The first commanding officer was Lieutenant Colonel SV Bhiday.

## Equipment

At raising, the regiment was equipped with Bofors 40 mm L/60 guns. The inventory was upgraded to 40 mm L/70 Air Defence Gun and Super Fledermaus (SFM) radars in 1971. Flycatcher radars were inducted from 1996 to 2003. Tactical Control Radars were added to the unit in 2006.

## Operations

The regiment has taken part in the following operations
* Sino-Indian War: The first operational deployment of the unit was immediately after its formation in the war against China. The regiment was deployed in an infantry role.
* Indo-Pakistani War of 1965: The regiment was deployed in the Eastern sector
* Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: The unit took part in Operation Cactus Lily in the eastern sector.
* Operation Blue Star: It was deployed for internal security duties in Patiala district.
* Operation Trident: 1987.
* Internal security duties: The unit was deployed in Udaipur district of Rajasthan in 1990.
* Operation Rakshak: The regiment was tasked to close 70 km of the border with Pakistan during 1992 and 1993.
* Operation Vijay: It was deployed in Punjab sector during the conflict.
* Operation Parakram: Between 2001 and 2003, the unit was deployed in many crucial locations in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir.
* 2006 Vadodara riots: The regiment was deployed for internal security duties during the riots in May 2006.
* 2006 Surat flood: Two columns from the regiment were deployed for flood relief in August 2006.
* Operation Rakshak: The unit was deployed in Jammu and Kashmir in 2000, 2001, 2004 and 2009. It was also deployed for Road Opening Party (ROP) and securing National Highway 1A. The regiment was also involved in support of developmental activities locally.

## Honours and awards

Personnel from the unit have been awarded the following awards
* Kirti Chakra – 1 (Major Sushil Aima (posthumous), while posted to 17 Rashtriya Rifles)
* Sena Medal – 1
* Mentioned in dispatches – 1
* COAS Commendation Cards – 5
* GOC-in-C Commendation Cards – 16

## Other achievements

* The Regiment was awarded Director General Army Air Defence Unit Appreciation award in 2012.
* Major (later Colonel) Satash Kumar and three other ranks from the unit took part in the Army Air Defence mountaineering expedition to Mount Kailash in 2003. Satash Kumar went on to lead many other mountaineering expeditions, including one to Mount Chaukhamba.
# Muwonge

Muwonge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hamza Muwonge (born 1982), Ugandan footballer
* Latibu Muwonge, Ugandan boxer
* Susan Muwonge (born 1977), Ugandan rally driver
# Gilstrap baronets

The Gilstrap Baronetcy, of Fornham St Genevieve in the County of Suffolk and of the High Beeches in the Parish of Slaugham in the County of Sussex, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.
It was created in Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee Honours on 28 July 1887 for the prominent maltster and philanthropist William Gilstrap, who endowed the Gilstrap library in Newark. The title became extinct on his death in 1896. He is buried in the churchyard of St. Martin's parish church in Fornham St. Martin, Suffolk, England.

## Gilstrap baronets, of Fornham St Genevieve and of the High Beeches (1887)

* Sir William Gilstrap, 1st Baronet (1816–1896)
# Pope Nicholas

Pope Nicholas could refer to:
* Pope Nicholas I
* Pope Nicholas II
* Pope Nicholas III
* Pope Nicholas IV
* Pope Nicholas V
** Antipope Nicholas V
# Answers (periodical)

Answers was a British weekly paper founded in 1888 by Alfred Harmsworth (later Lord Northcliffe). Originally titled Answers to Correspondents, before being shortened soon after, it initially consisted largely of answers to reader-submitted questions, along with articles on miscellaneous topics, jokes, and serialized literature. Its content was similar to and inspired by Tit-Bits (which carried a section called 'Answers to Correspondents'), a popular British weekly founded in 1881 which appealed to a wide audience of newly literate Britons.
It was the first periodical founded by Northcliffe (who was 23 years old at the time of its founding), who would go on to become a publishing magnate, later founding and acquiring a number of highly successful and influential periodicals, including the Daily Mail. Northcliffe employed his brother, Harold Harmsworth, as business manager for the paper.
Answers was twelve pages in length, and was priced at 1d each.

## Contents

Answers purported to answer questions submitted by readers, though many were written under false names by Northcliffe or plagiarized from American sources. Example topics included 'Can Monkeys Smoke?', 'How to Cure Freckles', 'Why Jews Don't Ride Bicycles', 'How Madmen Write', 'What the Queen Eats', and 'Can Insects Feel Pain?'. The paper also included humorous anecdotes, quotations, and jokes (example: "There is a man in Birmingham who has been asleep seven years. This, we believe, beats the best yet done by any member of the Metropolitan Police Force").
Answers included serialized fiction, which Northcliffe was said to sometimes rewrite himself to ensure that each part ended on a cliffhanger with the line "To be continued".

## Promotions

Answers failed to turn a profit during its initial months of publication, but Northcliffe was able to effectively increase the paper's circulation by the use of a variety of promotional gimmicks. Northcliffe sold a number of branded novelties, among the first being a "Pigs in Clover" puzzle, a form of ball-in-a-maze puzzle, with colored marbles spelling out 'Answers' when rolled into the correct holes. Other merchandise included fountain pens, patent medicines,, pipes and coffee.
Northcliffe also conducted a number of promotional competitions. One of the most successful, credited with raising circulation to 200,000 per week, offered £1 per week for life to the reader who could most accurately guess the total value of gold and silver stored in the Bank of England on a certain date. The competition received 718,218 entries. Northcliffe required each entry to bear the signatures of five witnesses as a way to further increase the number of people exposed to Answers' brand.

## Later history

Answers is thought to have attained a maximum circulation of 830,000 in 1906. The magazine's final issue was dated 18 February 1956, by which point it had rebranded itself Answers & TV Pic.
# Heavitree Gap

The Heavitree Gap, or Ntaripe in the Arrernte language, is a water gap in the Northern Territory of Australia in the MacDonnell Ranges. It is the southern entrance to the city of Alice Springs and in addition to the Todd River it carries the main road and rail access to the south.
The Gap is an important sacred site for the Arrernte people and its use as a thoroughfare was avoided by women prior to the construction of the road and later Central Australia Railway.
The Gap was named by William Mills, the Overland Telegraph line surveyor who discovered the location for Alice Springs. It was named after his former school in Heavitree, Devon.
On the southwest side of The Gap is the historic Heavitree Gap Police Station.
The Gap has been painted by numerous artists including Albert Namatjira, Oscar Namatjira, Basel Rangea, and John Borrack.
# Nandulia

Nandulia (Nanduliyā) is a village in Bewar block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it has a population of 862, in 126 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Nandulia had a population of 862, in 126 households.$^{:207}$ This population was 50.3% male (434) and 49.7% female (428). The 0-6 age group numbered 177 (105 male and 72 female), or 20.5% of the total population. 162 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 18.8% of the total.$^{:148–9}$
The 1981 census recorded Nandulia as having a population of 491 people, in 94 households.$^{:192–3}$
The 1961 census recorded Nandulia as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 357 people (208 male and 154 female), in 68 households and 55 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 351 acres.$^{:c}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Nandulia had 2 primary schools; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a public library but no post office; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:207–12}$
# Okon

Okon is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Surname:
* Paul Okon, Australian footballer
* Akpan Okon, 17th century African king
* Kakpokpo Okon, 17th century African prince
* Effiong Okon, Nigerian boxer
Given name:
* Okon Uya, Nigerian governmental official
* Okon Flo Essien, Nigerian footballer
# Mihnea Berindei

Mihnea Berindei (22 March 1948 – 19 June 2016) was a Romanian-born French historian.
He was born in Bucharest, the son of historian Dan Berindei, and studied at the Faculty of History of the University of Bucharest from 1966 to 1970. Under the guidance of Mihail Guboglu [ro], he learned old Turkic and became interested in the study of the Ottoman Empire. He went to Turkey to find documentation, and then went to Paris, where he studied at the École pratique des hautes études, graduating in 1972.
After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Berindei was instrumental in the creation of the Group for Social Dialogue. After 2000, he participated in the restitution for historians of the archives of the Romanian Communist Party and was a member of the Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania.
On 22 June 2016, Romanian President Klaus Iohannis awarded post-mortem to Berindei the National Order of Faithful Service, Knight rank.
# Demchuk

Demchuk (written: Демчуҝ) is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Andrii Demchuk (born 1987), Ukrainian wheelchair fencer
* Andriy Demchuk (born 1974), Ukrainian weightlifter
* David Demchuk (born 19??), Canadian playwright and novelist
* Serhiy Demchuk (born 19??), Ukrainian paralympic swimmer
# Portable Commutator

The Portable Commutator was a telecommunications device that was used by the military during World War I. It was manufactured by Northern Electric Company. It was used as a one-wire telegraphic switchboard.
# List of composers for lute (nationality)

Below is a list of composers of lute music, ordered by nationality.

## Bohemia

* Johann Anton Logy (1650–1721)

## France

* Guillaume de Morlaye (c.1510–c.1558)
* Adrian Le Roy (c.1520–1598)
* Julien Perrichon (1566–c.1600)
* Jean-Baptiste Besard (c.1567–after 1616)
* René Mesangeau (c. 1567–1638)
* Robert Ballard (c.1572–after 1650)
* Ennemond Gaultier (c.1575–1651)
* Denis Gaultier (c.1597–1672)
* Pierre Gaultier (c.1599–?)
* François de Chancy (1600–1656)
* Jacques Gaultier (c.1600–1652)
* François Dufault (c.1604–c.1672)
* Charles Fleury (c.1605–1652)
* Jacques de Saint-Luc (1616– c.1710)
* Charles Mouton (1617–before 1699)
* Jacques Gallot (c.1625–c.1695)
* Robert de Visée (1650–1725)

## Germany

* Hans Judenkünig (c.1450–1526)
* Hans Gerle (c.1500–1570)
* Hans Neusidler (c.1508–1563)
* Elias Mertel (c.1561–1626)
* Johann Daniel Mylius (c.1583–1642)
* Philipp Stolle (1614–1675)
* Esaias Reusner (1636–1679)
* Johann Krieger (1651–1735)
* Georg Böhm (1661–1733)
* David Kellner (1670–1747)
* Sylvius Leopold Weiss (1687–1750)
* Ernst Gottlieb Baron (1696–1760)
* Adam Falckenhagen (1697–1761)
* Johann Kropfgans (1708–c.1770)
* Bernhard Joachim Hagen (1720–1787)

## Hungary

* Bálint Bakfark (1507–1576)

## Italy

* Vincenzo Capirola (1474–after 1548)
* Santino Garsi da Parma (1542–1604)
* Simone Molinaro (1565–1615)
* Alfonso Ferrabosco (I) (1575–1628)
* Michelagnolo Galilei (1575–1631)
* Ludovico Roncalli (1600?)
* Francesco Corbetta (1612–1681)
* Giovanni Battista Granata (1620/21–1687)
* Tomaso Giovanni Albinoni (1671–1751)
* Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741)
* Domenico Scarlatti (1685–1757)
* Benedetto Marcello (1686–1739)
* Giuseppe Antonio Brescianello (1690–1758)
* Pietro Locatelli (1695–1764)
* Giovanni Benedetto Platti (1697–1763)

## Netherlands

* Joachim van den Hove (1567–1620)

## Spain

* Enríquez de Valderrábano (1500–1557)
* Luis de Milán (1500–1561)
* Miguel de Fuenllana (1500?–1579)
* Alonso de Mudarra (1508–1580)
* Diego Pisador (1509–1557)
* Luis de Narváez (1510–1555)
* Antonio de Cabezón (1510–1566)
* Tomás de Santa María (1510–1570)
* Esteban Daza (c.1537–1591/6)
* Lucas Ruiz de Ribayaz (1626–after 1677)
* Gaspar Sanz (1640–1710)
* Juan Bautista Cabanilles (1644–1712)
* Francisco Guerau (1649–1717/22)

## Sweden

* Johan Helmich Roman (1694–1758)
# Heiichirō

Heiichirō, Heiichiro, Heiichirou or Heiichiroh (written: 平一郎) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Heiichiro Ito (伊藤 平一郎, born 1990), Japanese rugby union player
* Heiichiro Ohyama (大山 平一郎, born 1947), Japanese conductor and violist
# Good Hope Township, Norman County, Minnesota

Good Hope Township is a township in Norman County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 44 at the 2000 census.
Good Hope Township was organized in 1892.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.1 square miles (93 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 44 people, 18 households, and 10 families residing in the township. The population density was 1.2 inhabitants per square mile (0.46/km$^2$). There were 28 housing units at an average density of 0.8 per square mile (0.31/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.
There were 18 households, out of which 16.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, and 38.9% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 158.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 135.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $24,375, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $20,625 versus $41,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $12,100. There were no families and 5.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.
# Nam-gi

Nam-gi, also spelled Nam-ki, is a Korean masculine given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are five hanja with the reading "nam" and 68 hanja with the reading "ki" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.
People with this name include:
* Zhao Nanqi (born 1927; in Korean Cho Nam-gi), Chinese People's Liberation Army general of Korean descent
* Pak Nam-gi (1934–2010), North Korean official, Director of the Workers' Party of Korea's Planning and Finance Department
* Namgi Park, South Korean professor of education
# Infineon TriCore

TriCore is a 32-bit microcontroller architecture from Infineon. It unites the elements of a RISC processor core, a microcontroller and a DSP in one chip package.

## History and background

In 1999, Infineon launched the first generation of AUDO (Automotive unified processor) which is based on what the company describes as a 32-bit "unified RISC/MCU/DSP microcontroller core", called TriCore, which as of 2011 is on its fourth generation, called AUDO MAX (version 1.6).
TriCore is a heterogeneous, asymmetric dual core architecture with a peripheral control processor that enables user modes and core system protection.
Infineon's AUDO families target gasoline and diesel engine control units (ECUs), applications in hybrid and electric vehicles as well as transmission, active and passive safety and chassis applications. It also targets industrial applications, e.g. optimized motor control applications and signal processing.
Different models offer different combinations of memories, peripheral sets, frequencies, temperatures and packaging. Infineon also offers software claimed to help manufacturers meet SIL/ASIL safety standards. All members of the AUDO family are binary-compatible and share the same development tools. An AUTOSAR library that enables existing code to be integrated is also available.

## Safety

Infineon's portfolio includes microcontrollers with additional hardware features as well as SafeTcore safety software and a watchdog IC.
AUDO families cover safety applications including active suspension and driver assistant systems and also EPS and chassis domain control. Some features of the product portfolio are memory protection, redundant peripherals, MemCheck units with integrated CRCs, ECC on memories, integrated test and debug functionality and FlexRay.