OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gross national income in the European Union

Gross national income at market prices in the European Union of 27 Member States (GNI) amounted to EUR 44,778 per inhabitant in 2020.
In 2007, the highest per capita GNI measured in purchasing power standards (PPS) was recorded for Luxembourg (more than twice of the EU-27 average) and the lowest was recorded for Bulgaria (less than half of the EU-27 average). Estonia, Ireland, Latvia and Lithuania were the Member States that in 2009 suffered the most from the recession experiencing declines of more than 10% in GNI (measured in PPS) over 2008.

## Definition of GNI

GNI is defined in accordance with the European system of national and regional accounts. GNI represents total primary income receivable by resident institutional units: compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, property income (interest, dividends and reinvested earnings from foreign direct investment receivable less payable), gross operating surplus and gross mixed income. It corresponds to the better known gross domestic product (GDP) minus primary income payable by resident units to non-resident units, plus primary income receivable by resident units from the rest of the world. Technically speaking, the GNI is a balancing item of the allocation of primary income account in the sequence of accounts for the total economy. Loosely speaking, it is the sum of domestic and foreign income earned by the resident population of a country. It is worth noting that GNI is income from productive activities excluding any capital gains and losses (also known as "holding gains and losses") resulting from price changes of fixed or financial assets (for example: price changes on the stock market have no direct impact on GNI).
Net national income differs from gross national income by the amount of consumption of fixed capital deducted.

## GNI and the EU budget

More than three quarters of the revenue of the budget of the European Union is based on the member states' contributions calculated as a uniform percentage rate applied to the sum of all the member states' GNIs. The GNI-based own resource is governed by Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) 1287/2003 of 15 July 2003 on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices (the GNI regulation), which lays downs the definition and calculation of GNI. The GNI regulation also specifies the provisions for the notification of the data and related methodological information by the member states to the European Commission (Eurostat). Furthermore, the GNI regulation establishes the procedures to facilitate the verification of the GNI base for own resources, and, where necessary, the improvement of the comparability, reliability and exhaustiveness of the member states' GNI estimates. Eurostat validates the data calculated and transmitted by the member states. It is responsible for monitoring GNI for own resource purposes, for assessing the quality of the calculations and for verifying compliance with ESA 95 rules and related European law. Eurostat also calculates the European aggregates of GNI based on the national results transmitted by the member states.
# Korea Sailing Federation

The Korea Sailing Federation is the national governing body for the sport of sailing in South Korea, recognised by the International Sailing Federation.

## Famous Sailors

See Category:South Korean sailors
Sang Hyun Cho first South Korean to race in Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race in 2014. He is also the first Korean to race Rolex Fastnet yacht race in 2015. He also completed in the 2013-2014 Clipper Round the World Race. Currently hold the M32 World Match Racing tour licence.
Kim Dong Young (young) is the main man whom set up Team Korea. Team competed in the 34th Americas Cup series in San Francisco Bay & Extreme World racing tour.
Han KIM and Andrew (Kwangmin) Rho were the Second South Korean sailors to compete in Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race in 2015. Han participated as part of the 2015-16 Clipper Round the World Race and Andrew with a sailing training program. The two of them took the first Korean team, SONIC, to the 2016 RSHYR, Andrew as the Skipper and Han as the Sailing Master.

### Olympic sailing

See Category:Olympic sailors of South Korea

## Yacht clubs

See Category:Yacht clubs in South Korea
# Johnny Vegas (disambiguation)

Johnny Vegas (born 1970), is an English comedian and actor
Johnny Vegas may also refer to:
* Johnny Vegas (musician) (born 1963), American saxophonist
* Johnny Vegas (footballer) (born 1976), Peruvian footballer
# James Kelsey Cogswell

James Kelsey Cogswell (September 27, 1847 – August 12, 1908) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served in Spanish–American War.

## Early life

Cogswell was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on September 27, 1847, the son of George Cogswell and Celestia A. Stone.

## Naval career

He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1868.
Cogswell was executive officer of the battleship Oregon during the Spanish–American War. He was aboard the Oregon during the historic dash around Cape Horn to join the North Atlantic Squadron in time to contribute to the destruction of the Spanish Fleet at the Battle of Santiago de Cuba in 1898. For eminent and conspicuous conduct in that decisive battle he was promoted to Commander.
Rear Admiral Cogswell died at South Jacksonville, Florida, on August 12, 1908.

## Personal life

Cogswell's son Captain Francis Cogswell was also a US Navy officer. Cogswell's sister Bianca Cogswell was married to Senator John L. Mitchell, the father of General Billy Mitchel John Lendrum Mitchel was the son of Alexander Mitchell. James Kelsey Cogswell also had a sister names Catherine Celeste Cogswell whom was born when James K Cogswell went to war. Catherine Celeste Cogswell became a star and performed in many high class stage shows. George Cogswell's obituary mentions her. George Cogswell passed away before James K. Cogswell made it out of war. James K Cogswell sent a letter to the newspaper to tell his parents he had made it out alive (it was published in the newspaper in the hometown he was from) his father died a few days prior before the letter was published to see he was okay. He never found out his son made it out alive. [Obituary of Catherine Celeste Cogswell Thorne] [Obituary of George Cogswell] [obituary of Alexander Mitchell]

## USS Cogswell

The USS Cogswell (DD-651) was a Fletcher-class destroyer in the United States Navy, serving in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The ship is named in honour of Rear Admiral James Kelsey Cogswell, and his son, Captain Francis Cogswell.
# Geological Museum (disambiguation)

The Geological Museum is a component of the Natural History Museum in London, established in 1835.
Geological Museum, Geology Museum, or Museum of Geology may also refer to:

## Specific museums
### Africa

* Egyptian Geological Museum, Cairo

### Asia

* Geological Museum and Art Gallery (Dilijan), Armenia
* Geological Museum of China, Beijing
* Stephen Hui Geological Museum, Hong Kong
* Bandung Geological Museum, Indonesia
* Geological Museum (Japan), Tsukuba
* Geological Museum (Malaysia), Ipoh
* Hunan Museum of Geology, China
* Museum of Geology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
* Azerbaijan Museum of Geology, Baku

### Australia

* The original name of the Western Australian Museum, Perth

### Europe

* Geological Museum after H. Karapetyan, Yerevan, Albania
* University of Copenhagen Geological Museum, Denmark
* Geological Museum of Budapest, Hungary
* James Mitchell Geology Museum, Galway, Ireland
* Geological Museum of the Dolomites, Predazzo, Italy
* Geological Museum of the State Geological Institute, Warsaw, Poland
* National Geological Museum (Romania), Bucharest
* Vernadsky State Geological Museum, Moscow, Russia
* Geological Museum of the Barcelona Seminary, Spain
* Lapworth Museum of Geology, Birmingham, England

### North America

* Fundy Geological Museum, Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, Canada
* Greene Geological Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
* Karl Limper Geology Museum, Oxford, Ohio, U.S.
* UW–Madison Geology Museum, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.
# Mashang Drompakye

Mashang Drompakye (Tibetan: མ་ཞང་གྲོམ་པ་སྐྱེས, ? – ?) was a nobleman and minister of the Tibetan Empire.
After the young prince Trisong Detsen succeeded, Mashang served as the regent. According to A Scholar's Feast, he was a follower of Bon and opponent of Buddhism. During his regency period, Buddhism was banned, Buddharupa were buried in the ground or sent to mang yul (modern Bhutan).
Trisong Detsen converted to Buddhism secretly when he was 20 years old, but he was afraid of Mashang. Later, Mashang was murdered by Gos Trisang Yalag, who was a confidant of the young emperor. Finally, the young emperor promoted Buddhism.
# Golden Apples of the Sun

"The golden apples of the sun" is the last line of the 1899 poem "The Song of Wandering Aengus" by W. B. Yeats.
Golden Apples of the Sun may also refer to:

## Music

* "Golden Apples of the Sun", a 1960 song setting the Yeats poem to music, by folk music duo Bud & Travis, from their album Naturally: Folk Songs for the Present
* Golden Apples of the Sun (album), a 1962 album by Judy Collins, which included the Bud & Travis song
* The Golden Apples of the Sun (album), a 2004 folk music compilation

## Other

* The Golden Apples of the Sun, a 1953 short story and anthology by Ray Bradbury
* Golden Apples of the Sun (film), a 1973 Canadian horror film
# Johnstone's mastiff bat

Johnstone's mastiff bat (Otomops johnstonei) is a species of bat in the Molossidae family endemic to Indonesia.
# Jonel Scott

Jonel Scott (born January 5, 1992, in Gros Islet, Saint Lucia), is a 6' 8" basketball player. He emigrated to the United States of America in 2009 where he played basketball at Boys and Girls High School in Brooklyn, New York. He was a member of the ESPN Rise National team, 2011.
He then played center in Wildcats, the basketball program of State University of New York Institute of Technology (SUNYIT) in UticaRome where Scott majored in Computer Engineering Technology.
# Joniawas

Joniawas Gurugram (or Joniawas) is a village in Gurgaon district, Pataudi, Haryana, India. It is 25.1 km from Gurugram on the Farrukhnagar–Jhajjar Road adjacent Farrukhnagar. It is 309 kilometres (192 mi) from the state capital, Chandigarh.

## Education

It has a government school and a private school.

## Demographics of 2019

As of 2019 India census, Joniawas had a population of 2397 in 623 households. Males (1247) constitute 51.19% of the population and females (1150) 48.8%. Joniawas has an average literacy (1989) rate of 83%, uppermore than the national average of 74%. There are 1793 voters in the village - 940 male and 853 female.

## Facilities

Joniawas has a Government Senior Secondary School, a primary school and big Cricket Ground. There are also temples dedicated to Lord Khatu Shayam Ji, Lord Hanuman and Lord Shiva.

## Adjacent villages

* Farukhnagar
* Fazilpur
* Tajnagar
* Heli Mandi
* Tirpari
* Jamalpur
* Khwaspur Babra
* Basunda
* Jataula
# Jonas Randolph

Jonas Randolph (born December 1, 1990) is a former American football player who won the Harlon Hill Trophy in December 2011.

## Early life

Randolph graduated from Daleville High School in Daleville, Alabama. At Daleville, Randolph won all-state honors as a running back in his senior year, and was honorable mention all-state in his junior year.

## Mars Hill College

While playing as a running back for the Mars Hill College Lions he rushed for 5,608 career yards, a school record and South Atlantic Conference record. In his 2011 senior season he led Mars Hill to the South Atlantic Conference title and its first NCAA Division II playoff appearance. In his senior season Randolph rushed for 2,170 yards, including 197.27 yards per game – more than any other player that season in any NCAA division. He had 366 carries and scored 18 touchdowns. In 2009, he rushed for an average of 180.4 yards per game, second to Joique Bell in NCAA Division II. Randolph became a father two days before winning the Harlon Hill Trophy. He topped his closest rival, quarterback Dane Simoneau of Washburn University, by a vote of 120 to 117 — the closest vote in Harlon Hill history. Micah Davis of Delta State University had 101 votes. He is the first athlete from the South Atlantic Conference to win the Harlon Hill Trophy. Randolph is 5 feet, 8 inches tall and weighed 185 pounds during his senior football season.
Among his other honors was being named to the Division II American Football Coaches Association All-America Team in 2009, 2010 and 2011 — he is only the second person to have achieved that honor three times.

## College statistics

| Year | G | Rushing Attempt | Rushing Yards | Rushing TD | Pass Receptions | Pass Reception Yards | Pass Reception TDs |
| 2008 | 10 | 52 | 267 | 3 | 7 | 88 | 0 |
| 2009 | 10 | 312 | 1804 | 19 | 11 | 40 | 0 |
| 2010 | 11 | 250 | 1349 | 13 | 16 | 208 | 2 |
| 2011 | 11 | 366 | 2170 | 18 | 14 | 107 | 1 |
| Career | 42 | 980 | 5590 | 53 | 48 | 443 | 3 |

## Professional career

In May, 2012, Randolph signed with the Bloomington Edge of the Indoor Football League.
# Jorge Luis Moreno

Jorge Luis Moreno (born December 19, 1981, in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico) as Jorge Luis Moreno Abril, is a Mexican actor, producer, writer and director.

## Filmography
### Film roles

| Year | Title | Roles | Notes |
| 2005 | Anónimos | Jorge | Short film |
| 2006 | El corazón invadido | Gabriel | Short film |
| 2007 | Niñas Mal | Ángel | |
| 2007 | Déficit | Charlie | |
| 2008 | Un pequeño error | Director | Short film |
| 2008 | Philia | Carlos | Short film |
| 2008 | En la luz del sol brillante | Sebastián | Short film |
| 2009 | El estudiante | Marcelo | |
| 2009 | H. | Kurt | Short film |
| 2011 | Ella y el candidato | Iñigo | |
| 2011 | Contratiempo | Carlos | |
| 2012 | Mariachi Gringo | Rough Youngster | |
| 2012 | Cristiada | Pablo | |
| 2012 | El capitán | Marcelo | Short film |
| 2013 | Me late chocolate | Xavi | |
| 2013 | Cinco de Mayo: La batalla | Sargento Vaché | |
| 2014 | Four Moons | Enrique | |
| 2015 | Camarillo St. | Jake | Short film |
| 2015 | Bestia de Cardo | Hermes | |
| 2015 | Ladronas de almas | Artemio | |
| 2015 | Mexico's Eyes | Pedro Infante | Short film |
| 2016 | Nocturno | Jorge Armando Lafayette | |
| 2017 | El silencio es bienvenido | Joel | |
| 2017 | Desde el más allá | Carlos | |
| 2017 | Cygnus | Fabián Ocampo | |
| 2018 | Mi Mariachi | Eduardo | |
| 2018 | Motel Acqua | Muzquiz | |

### Television roles

| Year | Title | Roles | Notes |
| 2004 | La vida es una canción | Unknown role | Episode: "En el 2000" |
| 2010 | Las Aparicio | Bruno | Recurring role |
| 2010 | Los Minondo | Pedro | 1 episode |
| 2013 | Niñas Mal | Moi Agami | 2 episodes |
| 2015–2017 | El Señor de los Cielos | Víctor Casillas Jr. | Series regular (season 3–5); 225 episodes |
| 2016 | El Chema | Víctor Casillas Jr. | Episode: "Narco en la TV" |
| 2018 | Mi familia perfecta | José María Guerrero "El Patas" | Main role; 69 episodes |
| 2019 | El Barón | Joe Fernández | Main role; 58 episodes |
| 2021 | Buscando a Frida | Ángel Olvera | Main Role |
# Kommando (disambiguation)

Kommando can mean:
* Kommando, a German military term
* Boer Commando, Boer military units
* South African Commando System, South African military units
* Kommando 1944, an American short film depicting the internment of Japanese American citizens during World War II
* Comandău, a Romanian commune, called Kommandó in Hungarian
# Blanching (coinage)

Blanching is the whitening of metal, by various means, such as soaking in acid or by coating with tin. This term is commonly used in coinage, in which pieces are given a lustre and brilliance before images are struck into the surface.
The ancient method of blanching involved putting the pieces, after heating, in a large vessel of water, and some ounces of aqua fortis, but in different proportions for gold and silver. This method is no longer used, partly due to its expense, and partly because it diminishes the weight of the metal.
# James Golding (cricketer)

James Matthew Golding (born 19 July 1977) is a former English professional cricketer. He was born at Canterbury in Kent and played for Kent County Cricket Club, Kent Cricket Board and Wiltshire County Cricket Club between 1998 and 2009.
Golding made his debut for Kent's Second XI in 1995 before making his First-class cricket debut for the county in 1999 against the touring New Zealanders. He signed as a professional member of Kent's playing staff at the end of the 1999 season. He played List A cricket for Kent Cricket Board in the 1999 NatWest Trophy before going on to play 36 times for the Kent List A side between 2000 and 2002, including a match against the touring Indian side in 2002 when he recorded his best List A bowling figures of 4/42, including bowling Sachin Tendulkar.
He made his County Championship debut for Kent in 2001 against Somerset at Taunton, taking three wickets in Somerset's first innings. Golding played 11 first-class matches for Kent before being released at the end of the 2002 season. After leaving Kent, Golding played Minor Counties cricket for Wiltshire between 2005 and 2009 as well as making one List A appearance for the county in the 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.
Golding became a P.E. teacher after leaving the professional game. He worked at Abbeyfield School in Chippenham, Wiltshire and, as of October 2017, is a Housemaster and Master in charge of cricket at Abingdon School in Oxfordshire.
# Annette Vilhelmsen

Annette Lilja Vilhelmsen (born 24 October 1959) is a Danish politician who served as chairperson of the Socialist People's Party from 2012 to 2014. She served as Minister for Social Affairs and Integration from August 2013 to February 2014 and Minister for Economic and Business Affairs from 2012 to 2013 in the first cabinet of Helle Thorning-Schmidt. She was a member of Folketing from 2011 to 2015.

## Political career

Born in Svendborg, she was educated as a teacher and had a long career in teaching combined with local politics before entering the national political scene when she was elected to Parliament in the 2011 elections. She became her party's spokeswoman for Business related issues.
In September 2012 she announced her candidacy for the post as head of the Socialist People's Party running against Astrid Krag after the previous leader Villy Søvndal stepped down. Vilhelmsen is said to represent the party's left wing. While most of the party leadership voiced their support for Krag and warned that Vilhelmsen's leftist line might endanger the stability of the government coalition, Vilhelmsen achieved considerable support in the general constituency of the party, and won the election with 66% of the vote.
On 16 October 2012 she was named new Minister of Economic and Business Affairs succeeding Ole Sohn. She retracted from both her post as Minister and chairman of the party on 30 January 2014 following lack of support from the party grassroots in the high-profile case of selling part of Danish energy company DONG to American Goldman-Sachs.
# Gopalas

The Gopalas, or Twelve Gopalas (IAST: dvādaśa-gopāla, lit. 'twelve cowherds'), were a group of 16th-century Indian missionaries who are credited with spreading Gaudiya Vaishnavism throughout Bengal. They were major disciples of the Gaudiya-Vaishnava saint Nityananda (c. 1474–c. 1540), who is considered to be an incarnation of Krishna's brother, Balarama.

## Members

Kavi Karnapura's Gaura Ganoddesha Dipika lists 12 Gopalas: Abhirāma (or Rāmadāsa Abhirāma), Uddhāraṇa Datta, Kamalākara Piplāi, Kālakṛṣṇa-dāsa, Gaurīdāsa Paṇḍita, Parameśvarī-dasa, Dhanañjaya-paṇḍita, Puruṣottama Datta (or Nāgara-puruṣottama), Puruṣottama-dāsa, Maheśa-paṇḍita, Śrīdhara and Sundarānanda-ṭhākūra. In other sources, a 13th, Halāyudha-ṭhākūra, is added.
The more well-known Gopalas (for example, Abhirāma, Gaurīdāsa, Kamalākara Piplā, Puruṣottama-dāsa and Uddhāraṇa Datta) established "autonomous centres of power" known as sripats. The Gopalas were the "first organization [sic] within Gaudiya Vaisnavism and appointed directly by Sri Caitanya to propagate nama-dharma [the theology of the name of God (Krishna)]." They had the right to preach Chaitanya Vaishnava doctrine within their own areas and collect donations for their sripats, which they gradually developed into centres of Vaishnavism or even holy places.
Of the 12 main Gopalas, three were from the lowest caste, the shudras.

## Association with mythical gopālas

Like Nityananda, the 16th-century Gopalas were associated with figures from Krishna's lila, his playful pastimes in "mythical Vrindavan" – specifically the group of cowherds (gopālas) who "previously had been attracted to the activities of Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma". In "their personal piety" and devotion, the Gopalas are said to manifested behaviour "typical of Krishna and Balarama's male cowherd friends" in the Vrindavan lila.
As given in the Gaura Ganoddesha Dipika, the 12 Gopalas' spiritual identities are: Śrīdāma (Abhirāma), Sudāma (Sundarānanda), Vasudāma (Dhanañjaya), Subala (Gaurīdāsa), Mahābala (Kamalākara Piplāi), Subāhu (Uddhāraṇa Datta), Mahābāhu (Maheśa), Stokakṛṣṇa (Puruṣottama-dāsa), Dāma (Puruṣottama Datta), Lavaṇḍga (Kālakṛṣṇa-dāsa), Arjuna (Parameśvarī-dasa) and Madhumaṇḍgala (Śrīdhara).

## Upa-Gopalas

A separate group of 12 junior associates of Nityananda are called the upa-Gopalas (upagopāla, 'junior cowherds'). The upa-Gopalas were probably institutionalised towards the end of the 16th century in response to the increasing number of new claimants to the seat of Gopala.
# Joseph Beek

Joseph Allan Beek (December 16, 1880 – October 21, 1968) was the longest-serving Secretary of the Senate in California history (1919–68). The Secretary of the California State Senate is a nonpartisan officer of the Senate who advises the presiding officer and Senators on parliamentary procedures and is the chief recordkeeper of the Senate. The Secretary is elected by majority vote of the Senators for each two-year session.
Joe Beek was born in Maine and established residency in California in 1907. He attended school in Pasadena at Throop Polytechnic Institute (later renamed Caltech). Beek first served as a Senate attache in 1913. In 1917 he was elected Minute Clerk. He was first elected as Secretary in 1919 and served continuously, with the exception of 1921–22, until his death in office on October 20, 1968.
Beek authored the book "The California Legislature" in 1942. Written in narrative form, the book was part history lesson, part memoir, and part guide to the legislative process. Subsequent editions were published for the next 40 years. Beek also co-founded the American Society of Legislative Clerks and Secretaries (ASLCS) in 1943. He served as the ASLCS president for the first 25 years. Beek's years of Capitol service closely mirrored that of his colleague, Arthur Ohnimus, who served as Chief Clerk of the lower house from 1915 to 1963.
Beek was perhaps best known for his role in developing Balboa Island. He established the Balboa Island Ferry, built roads and bridges, and was one of the island's chief promoters. Beek was also Chairman of the California Small Craft Harbor Commission, was a published musician and composer, a World War II veteran, and a promoter of reforestation of hills surrounding Orange County.