OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oscillating U-tube

The oscillating U-tube is a technique to determine the density of liquids and gases based on an electronic measurement of the frequency of oscillation, from which the density value is calculated. This measuring principle is based on the Mass-Spring Model.
The sample is filled into a container with oscillation capacity. The eigenfrequency of this container is influenced by the sample's mass. This container with oscillation capacity is a hollow, U-shaped glass tube (oscillating U-tube) which is electronically excited into undamped oscillation. The two branches of the U-shaped oscillator function as its spring elements.
The direction of oscillation is normal to the level of the two branches. The oscillator's eigenfrequency is only influenced by the part of the sample that is actually involved in the oscillation. The volume involved in the oscillation is limited by the stationary oscillation knots at the bearing points of the oscillator. If the oscillator is at least filled up to its bearing points, the same precisely defined volume always participates in the oscillation, thus the measured value of the sample's mass can be used to calculate its density.
Overfilling the oscillator beyond the bearing points is irrelevant to the measurement. For this reason the oscillator can also be employed to measure the density of sample media that flow through the tube (Continuous Measurement).
In modern digital density meters, Piezo elements are used to excite the U-tube whereby optical pickups determine the period of oscillation. This period τ can be measured with high resolution and stands in simple relation to the density ρ of the sample in the oscillator:
    $\rho =A\cdot \tau ^{2}-B$
A and B are the respective instrument constants of each oscillator. Their values are determined by calibrating with two substances of the precisely known densities ρ1 and ρ2. Modern instruments calculate and store the constants A and B after the two calibration measurements, which are mostly performed with air and water. They employ suitable measures to compensate various parasitic influences on the measuring result, e.g. the influence of the sample's viscosity and the non-linearity caused by the measuring instrument's finite mass as well as aging effects of the glass (reference oscillator).
In 1967 the company Anton Paar GmbH presented the first digital density meter for liquids and gases employing the oscillating U-tube principle at ACHEMA.

## Sources

* Otto Kratky et al., ''Device for density determination.'' US Patent 3523446, https://patents.google.com/patent/US3523446
* Stabinger, Hans: "Density Measurement using modern oscillating transducers", South Yorkshire Trading Standards Unit, Sheffield 1994
* ISO 15212-1
# Oscilla tricordata

Oscilla tricordata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae (the pyrams), which lives near Japan and Korea.
# Gurbir Singh Sandhu

Gurbir Singh Sandhu (born 20 February 1951) is an Indian sports shooter. He competed in the mixed skeet event at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He also served as the President of the Punjab Rifle Shooting Association and was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2001.
# Gurbinder Singh

Gurbinder Singh (born 6 June 1977) is an Indian wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 63 kg at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Grubb

Grubb is the surname of:
* Armstead Otey Grubb (1903–1968), American educator and acting president of Lincoln University
* Catharina Elisabet Grubb (1721–1788), Finnish industrialist
* Curtis Grubb (c. 1730–1789), American patriot and politician, majority owner and operator of the Cornwall Iron Works, son of Peter Grubb, the Works' founder
* Dale Grubb (born 1949), American politician
* Davis Grubb (1919–1980), American writer
* Edward Grubb (disambiguation)
* Evelyn Grubb, American human rights and veterans' rights activist
* Freddie Grubb (1887–1949), British road racing cyclist and businessman
* Gerd Grubb (born 1939), Danish mathematician
* George Grubb, Lord Provost and ex officio Lord-Lieutenant of Edinburgh
* Gunnila Grubb (1692–1729), was a Swedish composer
* Henry Bates Grubb (1774–1823), founder of the Grubb iron empire, son of Peter Grubb, Jr.
* Howard Grubb (1844–1931), Irish telescope maker
* Ignatius Cooper Grubb (1841–1927), American politician, jurist and historian
* James Grubb (1771–1806), American politician
* Jeff Grubb (born 1957), author and game designer
* Jehu Grubb (c. 1781–1854), American settler and member of the Ohio House of Representatives, unacknowledged son of Curtis Grubb
* Jennifer Grubb, American soccer player and coach
* John Grubb (1652–1708), early Delaware settler and member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
* Johnny Grubb (born 1948), former Major League Baseball player
* Kenneth Philip Grubb (1895–1976), United States District Court judge
* Kevin Grubb (1978–2009), NASCAR driver
* Lillian Metge (1871–1954), née Grubb, Anglo-Irish suffragette and women's rights campaigner
* Margaret Grubb (1907–1963), first wife of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard
* Nathaniel Grubb (c. 1693–1760), mill owner and member of the Pennsylvania Colonial Assembly from 1749 to 1758
* Norman Grubb (1895–1993), missionary and General Secretary of the Worldwide Evangelization Crusade
* Ole W. Grubb (1891–1981), American politician
* Peter Grubb (disambiguation)
* Robert Grubb (born 1950), Australian actor
* Sarah Grubb (1746–1832), Irish businesswoman and Quaker benefactor
* Sarah Tuke Grubb (1756–1790), Quaker minister, writer and founder of a girls' school in Ireland
* Sophie Naylor Grubb (1834–1902), American activist
* Thomas Grubb (1800–1878), Irish optician
* Warner Norton Grubb (1900–1947), American petroleum executive and senior petroleum distribution officer with the U.S. Navy during World War II
* Wayne Grubb (born 1976), former NASCAR driver
* William Irwin Grubb (1862–1935), U.S. federal judge who struck down key portions of President Roosevelt's New Deal
# Bako Samaba

Bako Samaba is a village in the Kara Region of northern Togo. Nearby towns and villages include Koukouo Tougou (3.1 nm), Kouadangou (1.4 nm), Koutatiegou (2.0 nm), Koutagou (2.2 nm), Koudan-Mangou (1.0 nm), Kouatie (2.8 nm) and Dissani (4.1 nm.
# Balbissa

Balbissa was a town of ancient Cappadocia, inhabited in Byzantine times. The name Balbissa does not occur in ancient authors but is inferred from epigraphic and other evidence.
Its site is located near Yaylaköy, Asiatic Turkey.
# Balbis

In geometry, a balbis is a geometric shape that can be colloquially defined as a single (primary) line that is terminated by a (secondary) line at one endpoint and by a (secondary) line at the other endpoint. The terminating secondary lines are at right angles to the primary line. Its parallel sides are of indefinite lengths and can be infinitely long. The word "balbis" comes from the ancient Greek word βαλβίς, meaning a rope between two posts used to indicate the start and finish of a race.
The most common example of a balbis is the capital letter 'H', the eighth letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet. It can also be seen in, for example, rugby posts and old-fashioned television antenna.
Another type of balbis is the rectangular balbis, that may be loosely described as a rectangle with one side missing. A rectangular balbis was used in the Olympic Games, as a throwing area and is described by Philostratus II.
In his book about the balbis (see References below), the Rev. P. H. Francis describes the balbis as "the commonest geometrical figure, more in evidence than the triangle, circle, ellipse, or other geometrical figure that has been studied from ancient times" and goes on to state that it "was known to but not studied by the ancient Greeks; and this geometrical figure has been neglected." His memorial illustrates a balbis and can be seen in St. Mary's Church, Stoughton, West Sussex.
# Ostra (Čačak)

Ostra is a village in the municipality of Čačak, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 918 people.
# Ostatnia brygada

Ostatnia brygada (literally, "last brigade"; alternative title: Prawo do szczęścia) is a 1938 Polish film from a novel of the same name [pl] by Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz. It was directed by Michał Waszyński, and starred Zbigniew Sawan, Maria Gorczyńska, Elżbieta Barszczewska, Lidia Wysocka.

## Plot

Andrzej Dowmunt, who has acquired a large fortune in Africa, returns to Poland to invest his capital in his homeland. To his surprise, he notices that the Polish elites do not care about the fate of the reborn state and its economic situation, but only about their own private interests. Despite his resistance, Andrzej gradually becomes part of the corrupt elites and leads an empty life. As a wealthy and handsome man, he is very popular with women.
Andrzej becomes entangled in an unfortunate affair with Lena, the wife of a wealthy banker, who turns out to be an agent of Soviet intelligence. He breaks up with her and has her arrested. He decides he must put his life in order and use his fortune for the economic development of the country. He marries Marta Rzecka and opens a grain trading company. Family happiness and business success are disrupted by the news of his old friend Michał Żegota's terminal illness. Andrzej visits Michał and encounters his wife, Ewa, who was Andrzej's first love.
It is revealed that Ewa's ten-year-old son, Janek, is actually Andrzej's child. After Michał dies, Andrzej decides to divorce his wife Marta to be with Ewa, but fate intervenes and Ewa drowns at sea. Janek is now an orphan and Andrzej and Marta take him in to raise as their own.

## Cast

* Zbigniew Sawan ... Andrzej Dowmunt
* Maria Gorczyńska ... Lena
* Elżbieta Barszczewska ... Ewa
* Lidia Wysocka ... Marta Rzecka
* Jerzy Pichelski ... Żegota
* Kazimierz Junosza-Stępowski ... Kulcz, Lena's husband
* Stanisław Sielański ... Feliks
* Pelagia Relewicz-Ziembińska ... Zuzanna
* Aleksander Balcerzak ... Janek
* Marcin Bay-Rydzewski ... Valet
* Józef Maliszewski ... Doctor
* Henryk Rydzewski ... Officer
* Artur Socha ... Engineer
* Zofia Wilczyńska ... Chambermaid
# Bai Tao

Bai Tao (Chinese: 白涛; born 1963) is a Chinese business executive and senior economist who is the current chairman and party secretary of China Life Insurance Company, in office since 14 January 2022.

## Biography

Born in 1963, Bai graduated from the Renmin University of China. Beginning in 1984, he served in several posts in the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, including vice president of Jilin Branch, president of Hunan Branch, and general manager of Risk Management Department. In June 2014, he was appointed vice chairman of China Life Insurance Company, but having held the position for only two years. In October 2016, he became deputy general manager of China Investment Corporation, concurrently serving as general manager of Central Huijin Investment (中央汇金投资有限公司). In June 2018, he was recalled to China Life Insurance Company, where he was vice chairman and deputy party secretary. In January 2020, he rose to become chairman and party branch secretary of the State Development & Investment Corporation, and served until 14 January 2022, when he was appointed chairman and party secretary of China Life Insurance Company. His predecessor Wang Bin was sacked for corruption on January 8.
# Balenciaga (surname)

Balenciaga is a surname from the Basque Country. Balenciaga is the Spanish language transliteration of the basque Balentziaga.
Following Basque naming customs, the name is a toponymic meaning house or place of the whaler, referring to the patronymic house of a family originally devoted to whaling. It is derived from the Basque words bale(a) (whale), ontzi (boat or ship) and the locative suffix '-aga', combined to form bale+(o)ntzi+aga, Balentziaga.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Cristóbal Balenciaga (1895–1972), Spanish Basque fashion designer and the founder of the Balenciaga fashion house
* Mariah Paris Balenciaga (born 1981), American drag queen
* Rasri Balenciaga (born 1990), Thai actress
# Otocinclus macrospilus

Otocinclus macrospilus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known from the Amazon River basin. The species reaches 3.5 cm (1.4 inches) SL and is found in the aquarium trade, where it is sometimes referred to as the common otocinclus or dwarf otocinclus, both of which can lead to confusion with other Otocinclus and Macrotocinclus species.
# Otocinclus mimulus

Otocinclus mimulus is a species of armoured catfish found in small tributaries of the Monday river, itself a tributary of the Paraná river.
Otocinclus mimulus is a Batesian mimic of Corydoras diphyes. C. diphyes is inedible to many species due to its bony armor and so individual O. mimulus that look more similar to C. diphyes are less likely to be eaten by predators like Crenicichla lepidota. O. mimulus is named for its mimicry of C. diphyes.
# Otocinclus tapirape

Otocinclus tapirape is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to the Araguaia River in Brazil. It is a very small fish, reaching 2.4 cm (0.9 inches) SL.
# Osteophloeum

Osteophloeum is a genus of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It contains a single tree species, Osteophloeum platyspermum, native to Panama and South America.
# Osredak (Gornji Vakuf)

Osredak is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 438.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 433 | 98.9% |
| other/undeclared | 5 | 1.1% |
| Total | 438 | 100% |
# Balnearium lithotrophicum

Balnearium lithotrophicum is a species of bacterium described in 2003 and classified as belonging to the Aquificota.

## Location

Balnearium lithotrophicum was recently found in the Suiyo Seamount and isolated as its own species. Suiyo Seamount is found off the east coast of Japan in an underwater volcano. This underwater volcano vent release gases and heat into the deep ocean at 1,418 m deep. These vents create new ecosystems where little other life live. There are many microbes that thrive in these extreme conditions known as thermophiles. The Balnearium lithotrophicum lives near the vent but not directly on it. At the source of the vent temperatures can be up to 290 °C but where the Balnearium lithotrophicum thrives, temperatures are around 70–75 °C. This classifies Balnearium lithotrophicum as a thermophile because it thrives in relatively extreme heat and pressure conditions.

## Environment

At this depth, there is no light and little oxygen, so Balnearium lithotrophicum is an obligate anaerobe bacterium. An obligate anaerobe is a bacterium that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen that is found in the atmosphere. Balnearium lithotrophicum is identified as a chemolithoautotroph, “eater of rock”, that reduces strictly inorganic compounds in order to survive. It gets its energy from metabolizing hydrogen from the black smoker chimney. The carbon source it uses to survive comes from the carbon dioxide in the water. Balnearium lithotrophicum can live in a pH between 5.0 and 7.0 but prefers 5.4. In addition, for growth the NaCl amount in the water should be between 0.8 and 5.6 percent. Ammonium is the main nitrogen source of Balnearium lithotrophicum. The genomic DNA had 34.6 mol% of C+G bases.

## Classification

The appearance of the Balnearium lithotrophicum is a short rod that is narrower in the middle. These organisms have been known to exist in this submarine ecosystem; however, Balnearium lithotrophicum was only recently separated from similar extremophiles. The close relatives it was divided from include Thermovibrio ruber and Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum. They share many features but were separated based on certain physiological characteristics that Balnearium lithotrophicum maintains.
# Balneario Buenos Aires

Balneario Buenos Aires is a resort in the Maldonado Department of southeastern Uruguay.

## Geography

The resort is located on the coast of Atlantic Ocean, on Route 10, about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) east of its junction with Route 104. It borders the resort Manantiales to the west, while 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to its east is the small resort Edén Rock.

## Population

In 2011 Balneario Buenos Aires had a population of 1,551 permanent inhabitants and 1,233 dwellings.
| Year | Population | Dwellings |
| 1963 | 8 | 32 |
| 1975 | 8 | 29 |
| 1985 | 26 | 45 |
| 1996 | 190 | 229 |
| 2004 | 509 | 548 |
| 2011 | 1,551 | 1,233 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay
# Ballıqaya, Goranboy

40°34′06″N 46°52′39″E﻿ / ﻿40.56833°N 46.87750°E﻿ / 40.56833; 46.87750
Ballıqaya (Ballygaya) is a village in the Goranboy District of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Qızılhacılı.
# Oksana Taykevich

Oksana Taykevich (born 26 July 1974) is a Kazakhstani ice hockey player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 2002 Winter Olympics.
# Lacombe

Lacombe may refer to:

## Places

* Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
* Lacombe County, Alberta, Canada
* Lacombe, Louisiana, United States
* Lacombe, Aude, France
* Lacombe (provincial electoral district), Canada
* Lacombe (territorial electoral district), Canada

## People

* Albert Lacombe (1827–1916), oblate missionary to the Cree and Blackfoot
* Bernard Lacombe (born 1952), French football (soccer) player
* Brigitte Lacombe (born 1950), French photographer
* Claire Lacombe (1765–?), French actress and revolutionary
* Emile Henry Lacombe (1846–1924), American judge
* François Lacombe (born 1948), Canadian ice hockey player
* Georges Lacombe (painter) (1868–1916), French sculptor and painter
* Georges Lacombe (director) (1902–1990) French film director and writer
* Grégory Lacombe (born 1982), French football (soccer) player
* Guy Lacombe (born 1955), French football (soccer) player
* Jackson LaCombe (born 2001), American ice hockey player
* Louis Lacombe (1818–1884), French pianist and composer
* Mathieu Lacombe, Canadian politician
* Michel Lacombe (born 1973), Canadian comic artist
* Normand Lacombe (born 1964), Canadian ice hockey player

## Other uses

* Lacombe pig, a breed of domestic pig
* Combe (disambiguation)
# Lodovico Flangini

Lodovico Flangini (Venice, 1677 – 22 June 1717) was a Venetian noble who served as Capitano Straordinario delle Navi (commander of the sailing fleet) during the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War.

## Biography

Lodovico Flangini was born in Venice in 1677 to a noble family of the Venetian patriciate, the third son of Girolamo, a Senator and member of the Council of Ten. Already as a youth he enlisted in the Venetian navy and participated in the War of the Morea in 1696–1697 as a ship of the line captain (Governator di Nave) under the provveditore Grimani.
He was then elected as provveditore straordinario di Terraferma at Orzinuovi in 1701, at Brescia in 1704, and at Bergamo in 1706.
In 1717, during the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War, he was appointed Capitano Straordinario delle Navi (commander of the sailing fleet), replacing Andrea Corner. He thus took over command of 28 ships of the line in three divisions (Red, Yellow, and Blue), 18 galleys, 2 galleasses, 10 galliots, 4 fireships, and 2 corvettes. In addition, Venice's allies in the Holy League provided 7 Portuguese, 5 Papal, and 4 Maltese ships of the line, as well as 5 Spanish, 4 Papal, 3 Maltese, 2 Tuscan, and 2 Genoese galleys. Flangini hoisted his ensign on the newly built 70-cannon battleship Leon Trionfante, and on 12 May scored a partial victory at the Battle of Imbros, in which he forced the Ottoman fleet of 42 ships to retreat.
Four days later, the two fleets met again in the sea between Mount Athos and the island of Agios Efstratios, and in the ensuing battle, the Venetians defeated the Ottomans. Six Ottoman ships of the line were badly damaged, and the Ottoman fleet suffered 2,500 killed or wounded. As the Ottoman fleet began its retreat, a musket ball hit Flangini in the neck. Heavily wounded, he sailed to Thermia (Kythnos), but again led the Venetian fleet in battle on 22 June, directing the action from the deck of his flagship until he collapsed and died. His final words were reportedly "Verdè, San Marco ne aiuta".
His body was transported to Venice, where his funeral took place. His brother Constantino received the title of a Knight of the Order of the Golden Stole in his stead. The poet and musician Benedetto Marcello composed an ode in his honour, Corona Poetica in Morte di S.E. Lodovico Flangini, Fù Capitano Estraordinario delle Navi.
# Mašići (Novo Goražde)

Mašići is a village in the municipality of Novo Goražde, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Aoshita No.3 Dam

Aoshita No.3 Dam (Japanese: 青下第３ダム) is a gravity dam located in Miyagi Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 19.1 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 3 ha of land when full and can store 264 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1931 and completed in 1933.
# Hatwar railway station

vteKatihar–Siliguri line :
Legend :
Hatwar railway station is a railway station on Katihar–Siliguri branch of Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line in the Katihar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone. It is situated beside National Highway 31, Pachim Lahil, Hatwar of Uttar Dinajpur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
# Karimui owlet-nightjar

The Karimui owlet-nightjar (Aegotheles terborghi) is a species of bird in the owlet-nightjar family Aegothelidae. It is found in montane eastern New Guinea.
It was formally described in 1967 by the American scientist Jared Diamond based on a single specimen that had been collected in the Karimui basin of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. He classified the specimen as a subspecies of the barred owlet-nightjar and coined the trinomial name Aegotheles bennettii terborghi. The specific epithet was chosen to honour the co-discoverer of the bird, the American ecologist John Terborgh.
An mRNA analysis of the owlet-nightjars published in 2003 found that the Karimui owlet-nightjar was more closely related to the Vogelkop owlet-nightjar (Aegotheles affinis) than it was to the barred owlet-nightjar. It was only known from the type specimen until it was rediscovered in 2016. It is now treated as a distinct species.