OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Magnetorheological finishing

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision surface finishing technology. Optical surfaces are polished in a computer-controlled magnetorheological (MR) finishing slurry. Unlike conventional rigid lap polishing, the MR fluid's shape and stiffness can be magnetically manipulated and controlled in real time. The optic's final surface form and finishing results are predicted through the use of computer algorithms.
In 1999, researchers at the Optical Processing Center of the University of Rochester studied the mechanical and chemical principles of magnetorheological polishing, determined the removal relationship of a series of non-magnetic polishing powders of different hardness on optical glass of different hardness, and studied the polishing area of magnetorheological polishing, analyzed the characteristics of the polishing area of several materials, and introduced the rapid text editor (OED) technology into the Q22 magnetorheological polishing machine, making the MRF technology commercialized.

## Literature

* W.I. Kordonski (2014). "Magnetorheological Fluid-Based High Precision Finishing Technology." Magnetorheology: Advances and Applications, Norman M. Wereley, Ed., RSC Smart Materials, Cambridge, UK, Chapter 11, 261–277.
DOI:10.1039/9781849737548-00261
* S.D. Jacobs, W.I. Kordonski, I.V. Prokhorov, D. Golini, G.R. Gorodkin, T.D. Strafford (2002). "Deterministic Magnetorheological Finishing." US Patent: US5449313A
* Shorey et al. "Experiments and Observations Regarding the Mechanisms of Glass Removal in Magnetorheological Finishing", abstract and full text (pdf)
* Chunlin Miao, et al., "Shear stress in magnetorheological finishing for glasses," Applied Optics 48, 2585-2594 (2009)
* Chunlin Miao, et al., "Process parameter effects on material removal in magnetorheological finishing of borosilicate glass," Applied Optics 49, 1951-1963 (2010)
* German Patent: DE69924595T2
* This physics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* ↑ Golini, Donald: Kordonski,William I;Dumas,Paul;Hogan,Stephen J. Magnetorheological finishing (MRF)in commercial precision optics manufacturing. Proc.SPIE Vl.3782.80-91(1999).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
# Magnolia rzedowskiana

Magnolia rzedowskiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Magnoliaceae. It is native to the Sierra Madre Oriental of San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, and Hidalgo states in eastern Mexico.

## Description

Magnolia rzedowskiana is a tree that can grow up to 20 meters tall. It has large, showy flowers, which appear in April and May. The trees fruit in August and September.

## Distribution and habitat

Magnolia rzedowskiana is known from three locations in the Sierra Madre Oriental – near La Joya del Hielo in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro, in the Sierra de Xilitla of San Luis Potosí, and near Chapulhuacán in Hidalgo. The species has an estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of 145 km$^2$.
It is found on calcareous soils in montane cloud forests between 800 and 1,950 meters elevation, including oak–Liquidambar styraciflua forests in Chapulhuacán, and pine–cypress forests in La Joya del Hielo.
It is cultivated in parts of Hidalgo and Veracruz.

## Classification

The species is named for the botanist Jerzy Rzedowski. It was until recently classed as Magnolia dealbata.

## Conservation

The species' conservation status is assessed as endangered. It has a small population and a limited range. It is threatened with habitat loss from deforestation, and people cutting down entire trees to harvest its flowers.
# 2013 Windward Islands Tournament

The 2013 Windward Islands Tournament was an international football tournament between the Windward Islands nations, with the exception of Dominica, which was hosted by St. Vincent between 21 April and 25 April 2013. Matches took place at Victoria Park in Kingstown. The tournament was organised by the Windward Islands Football Association (WIFA) and received financial assistance from CONCACAF. It was the first time that the tournament has been held since 2001. After the three nations were eliminated from 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification and the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup, none of them were scheduled for any international matches. Therefore, the tournament was organized to assess current and future talent. After Dominica withdrew, they were replaced by a team compromised exclusively of players from the NLA Premier League organized by the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation called the "President's XI."
Grenada won the tournament, beating Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in the final match of the tournament. Grenada only needed a draw to be named champions.

## Dominica withdrawal

Dominica was originally scheduled to take part in the tournament but withdrew on 19 April, only two days before the tournament began, after head coach Kurt Hector and defender Noran Jno Hope were killed in a car accident on the way to Melville Hall Airport to meet their other teammates to fly to St. Vincent. Tournament organizers decided to not cancel the tournament as a tribute. WIFA then released a revised schedule

## Fixtures

All times are local (UTC−4)
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Grenada | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | +1 | 6 |
| Saint Lucia | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | +2 | 6 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 3 |
| Football Federation President's XI | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | −2 | 3 |

## Goal scorers

There were 14 goals scored in 6 matches, for an average of 2.33 goals per match.
2 goals
* Jamil Joseph
1 goal
* Kwan Baptiste
* Denron Daniel
* Lisdon Jules
* Kimron Redhead
* Eden Charles
* Gerlanne Neptune
* Pernal Williams
* Jolanshoy McDowall
* Tevin Slater
* Dominic Small
* Kevin Small
* Azhino Solomon
# Bear Bluff, Wisconsin

Bear Bluff is a town in Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 128 at the 2000 census.

## History

The town was formed in the 1890s from part of the town of City Point.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 56.1 square miles (145.2 km$^2$), of which, 53.0 square miles (137.4 km$^2$) of it is land and 3.0 square miles (7.8 km$^2$) of it (5.39%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 128 people, 49 households, and 34 families residing in the town. The population density was 2.4 people per square mile (0.9/km$^2$). There were 56 housing units at an average density of 1.1 per square mile (0.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 95.31% White, 2.34% Native American, 0.78% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.78% of the population.
There were 49 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.2% were married couples living together, 4.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.0% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $35,156, and the median income for a family was $35,625. Males had a median income of $31,563 versus $12,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,170. There were 13.9% of families and 21.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 39.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.
# Beatrice de Frangepan

Beatrice de Frangepan (Croatian: Beatrica Frankopan, Hungarian: Frangepán Beatrix), (1480 – c. 27 March 1510) was a Croatian noblewoman, a member of the House of Frankopan that lived in the Kingdom of Croatia in personal union with Hungary. By marriage she was heiress of Hunyad Castle and Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach.

## Life

Beatrice Frangipani was a daughter of Bernardin Frankopan, Knez (Prince) of Krk and Modruš (1453–1529) from his marriage to Donna Luisa Marzano d'Aragona, daughter of Giovanni Francesco Marino Marzano, Prince of Squillace. Her brother Christoph Frankopan (1482–1527) was Ban (Viceroy) of Croatia under the reign of the Hungarian king John Zápolya.
Beatrice first married in 1496 to John Corvinus (1473–1504), an illegitimate son of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, with whom she had three children:
* Elisabeth (1496–1508).
* Christoph (1499–1505), the last of the House of Hunyadi Corvinus.
* Matthias (1504–1505).
She was described as extremely beautiful and after her husband's death she inherited Hunyad Castle and she administered her children's estates. However, they both died young (probably poisoned), soon after their father.
After the mourning period, King Vladislaus II of Hungary had her married to his nephew, the Hohenzollern prince George of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1484–1543), on 21 January 1509 in Gyula. King Vladislav transferred all of the Corvinus property to George. Apart from Hunyad Castle, this included, among others, the fortress of Lipova with 252 villages. Through his wife, George became one of the most powerful landowners in Hungary, though he had to cope with border disputes with the rivalling Szapolyai dynasty. Parts of the Bibliotheca Corviniana ended up in Wolfenbüttel, due to Beatrice.
After Beatrice's death, only one year after the marriage, George sold the bulk of the Hungarian possessions and purchased several Silesian duchies instead.
# Beatrice Lesslie

Hildur Annie Beatrice Lesslie née Kylander (1890–1967) was a Swedish businesswoman in the clothing industry who, after her husband's death in 1936, managed the Gothenburg clothing firm Konfektions AB Lesslie until 1962 when her son took over. She successfully increased the firm's profitability, employing up to 350 workers and producing ready-to-wear women's coats, suits and furs. Beatrice Lesslie is also remembered for supporting Finnish refugees in the Second World War and for more generally helping Finland during the Finnish Winter War.

## Biography

Born in Gothenburg on 10 August 1890, Hildur Annie Beatrice Kylander was the daughter of the prison official Axel Kylander and his wife Hedig née Hansdotter. In 1917, she married the Finnish consul Carl Otto Vilhelm Lesslie (1879–1936). They had three children Margareta, Carl Otto and Aina.
Together with Alfred Heyman, her husband Otto established the clothing company Konfektions AB Lesslie in 1917. When Heyman died in 1918, her husband ran the company until his own death in 1936 when Beatrice took over. Under her management, with some 350 employees the firm prospered, focusing on ready-to-wear coats, suits and furs for women, producing up to 70,000 items per year by the 1950s. The business, like its counterparts, later suffered from excess capacity.
Beatrice Lesslie is also remembered for her influential role during the Second World War in Foreningen Norden, catering for Finnish refugess in Stockholm and giving general assistance to Finland. In particular, she provided for war-afflicted Finnish children and cared for wounded soldiers in Gothenborg. As a result, she was honoured with the Order of the White Rose of Finland. She also helped those in need in Norway during the German occupation.
Beatrice Lesslie died in Gothenbung on 25 February 1967. She was buried in the city's Eastern Cemetery.
# Mahdist

Mahdist or Mahdism may refer to:
* Mahdist (follower), in the context of the Mahdi, the prophesied redeemer of Islam
* Mahdist State, or Mahdist Sudan, a state based on a religious and political movement launched in 1881 by Muhammad Ahmad bin Abdullah (later Muhammad al-Mahdi)
* Mahdist War, the 1881–99 war between the Mahdist Sudanese and the forces of the Khedivate of Egypt
# Maja Šuput

Maja Šuput (born 22 September 1979) is a Croatian singer, actress, television host, and model.
She started her career in 1998 as a member of the Croatian group Enjoy, but left in 2002, to pursue her solo career.
Since 2017, Šuput has been a judge on Nova TV's reality show Supertalent, together with Davor Bilman, Fabijan Pavao Medvešek, and Martina Tomčić.

## Biography

Šuput was born on 22 September 1979, in Zagreb, as the only child of mother Danica and father Boris Šuput.

## Personal life

Her father Boris died in October 2018. On 12 May 2019, Šuput married a businessman, Nenad Tatarinov, at a private ceremony in Istria.
On 17 March 2021, Maja gave birth to a son named Bloom.

## Discography

* Enjoy (2000)
* Uzmi me (2001)
* Čista 5-ica (2003)
* Obori me s nogu (2006)
* Nevaljala (2011)
* Showgirl (2015)

## Filmography

* Tvoje lice zvuči poznato – host (2020)
* Zvijezde pod hipnozom – guest (2019)
* Ples sa zvijezdama – guest (2019)
* Exkluziv Tabloid
* Top.HR – guest
* Špica, riva, korzo – guest (2018)
* Supertalent – judge (2017–present)
* Sve u šest
* Tvoje lice zvuči poznato – guest judge (2015, 2018)
* Volim Hrvatsku (2012)
* IN Magazin
* Ne zaboravi stihove (2009)
* Zauvijek susjedi – Maria (2008)
* Naša mala klinika – Herself (2006)
* Red Carpet

### Synchronization

* UglyDolls – Moksi (2019)
# 2019 Pune flood

Between 25–28 September 2019, Pune, India, and its division received a heavy amount of rainfall which caused flash flooding. In addition to people lost to these floods, other rain-related incidents such as collapsed compound walls of buildings have killed at least 21 people. Three NDRF teams along with the Army was deployed in the district for rescue operations.

## Background

The monsoon season in south Asia typically starts around early June each year and brings heavy rainfall and potential flooding to nation. However, the 2019 monsoon season started in late June and has been unusually heavy in terms of rainfall, with a 6.5% increase in rainfall averaged across India. In the Pune district, prior to the flooding, it had received 180% of its annual rainfall for the year due to the monsoon season, and its local Khadakwasla dam along with other three important dams were filled completely.

## Flooding

More than 16 centimetres (6.3 in) of rain was measured in Pune, Baramati and Pune district between the night of 25 September and the afternoon of 26 September which was the highest rainfall in last 10 years. Coupled with the existing rain from the previous months, flash floods started to occur. The flash flooding was caused by short intense periods of rainfall that overwhelmed water runoff systems like nullahs and flooded roads.
The full Khadakwasla dam saw an additional 8.7 centimetres (3.4 in) of rain during this time, leading authorities to release some of the water to overflow into the Mutha River at a rate of 13,891 cubic feet per second (393.3 m$^3$/s) to prevent damage. Similarly, the Nazare Dam near Saswad was also at capacity, and its waters were released at a rate of 85,000 cubic feet per second (2,400 m$^3$/s) into the Karha river late on night of 25 September, inundating areas of Purandar and Baramati.

## Relief and rescue

Two teams of NDRF were employed in the Pune city and two teams were employed in the Baramati. The flood caused 21 deaths, 5 missing and evacuation of more than 28,000 people living in the city.
# Magnet Cove igneous complex

The Magnet Cove igneous complex is a small alkalic ring complex lying to the west of the town of Magnet Cove in Hot Spring County, Arkansas. It and the adjacent town are so named due to the existence of magnetite and the terrain being a cove, a basin-shaped valley.
The complex is of Mesozoic age, intruded into Paleozoic sediments. Mapping was conducted by the geologists Erickson and Blade in 1963. Units within the complex include carbonatite, nepheline syenite, phonolite, and ijolite.
In addition to the magnetite which forms both massive lodestone and crystals, the complex is strewn with odd and rare minerals, and is the type locality for five mineral species. Over 100 different minerals have been identified from the area. There are many titanium minerals such as rutile, anatase, brookite, and perovskite, as well as some vanadium mineralization. Some rare-earth-bearing minerals have also been identified.
Many companies have mined the area over the last century, including the Diamond Jo Quarry.
The complex has developed a unique soil series, Magnet, which has several inches of dark reddish brown loam over reddish brown clay or clay loam. The Magnet is present only over 5000 acres at the complex and a small outlier at Potash Sulphur Springs.
Arkansas Highway 51 runs generally east–west through Magnet Cove.
# Mahamasina Municipal Stadium

18°55′9.70″S 47°31′32.47″E﻿ / ﻿18.9193611°S 47.5256861°E﻿ / -18.9193611; 47.5256861
Kianja Barea Mahamasina is a rugby union and football (multi-purpose) stadium, also used for concerts and athletics, in Antananarivo, Madagascar.

## Usage

It is used mostly for rugby and football matches. The stadium has a 40,880 capacity for football and rugby matches.

## Incidents

In 2005, the stadium was the site of a stampede that killed two people during a match between South African side Kaizer Chiefs and Madagascar's USJF Ravinala. It was also the stadium of the 2007 Indian Ocean Games.
On 25 January, 2014, a grenade thrown at the stadium during a musical production killed one child and wounded 33.
On 26 June, 2016, during a free concert, a bomb detonated in the stadium, killing two people and injuring around 80.
On 8 September, 2018, a stampede to enter the stadium killed one person and injured 37. Long queues had formed to see the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification match against Senegal with some news sources stating that there had been lines kilometers long vying to enter the stadium from its only entrance.
On 26 June, 2019, at least 16 people were killed and 101 injured in a human crush before the concert of Rossy at the stadium on independence day. The show was about to start, and people heard that they could enter the stadium, but the police had left the doors closed. People tried to force the doors but they remained closed; the crowd kept pushing.
On 26 August, 2023, at least 12 people died during a crush incident at the stadium, during the opening of Indian Ocean Island Games.

## Malagasy stadiums

The Mahamasina Municipal Stadium is the largest stadium in Madagascar.
| Stadium | City | Capacity | Home Team |
| Mahamasina Municipal Stadium | Antananarivo | 40,880 | Madagascar national football team |
| Kianja Barikadimy | Toamasina | 25,000 | |
| Stade CNaPS Sport | Toamasina | 15,000 | |
# Beaux

Beaux (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.
# Before & After (The Wannadies album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Pitchfork Media | (6.3/10) |
Before & After is an album by Swedish band The Wannadies. Originally released in Scandinavia in 2002 on two compact discs comprising the 'before' and 'after' parts, the album was released on 8 September 2003 in the UK on a single disc with an enhanced multimedia section featuring videos for the singles "Skin", "Disko" and "Little By Little".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Wiksten, S. Schönfeldt, F. Schönfeldt, Karlsson, Dahlgren
# Beinn Tarsuinn

Several Scottish mountains bear the name Beinn Tarsuinn including:
* Beinn Tarsuinn (Munro) (937 m), a Munro
* Beinn Tarsuinn (Corbett) (826 m), a Corbett on the Isle of Arran
# Mahimalai

Mahimalai is a village in the Papanasam taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. A Traditional village settled on the banks of the Vennaru.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Mahimalai had a total population of 496 with 240 males and 256 females. The sex ratio was 1067. The literacy rate was 46.83.
# 2019–20 Football Championship of Volyn Oblast

The 2019–20 Football Championship of Volyn Oblast was won by Shakhtar Novovolynsk.
The season that started on 31 August 2019 was extended and ended on 11 November 2020.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Shakhtar Novovolynsk (C) | 18 | 13 | 2 | 3 | 39 | 18 | +21 | 41 |
| 2 | LSTM No.536 | 18 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 54 | 27 | +27 | 40 |
| 3 | Votrans Lutsk | 18 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 59 | 22 | +37 | 39 |
| 4 | Kovel-Volyn | 18 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 32 | 15 | +17 | 38 |
| 5 | Boratyn | 18 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 33 | 26 | +7 | 25 |
| 6 | Nadia Khoriv | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 30 | 43 | −13 | 23 |
| 7 | Zaborol | 18 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 36 | 37 | −1 | 22 |
| 8 | Rozhyshche | 18 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 30 | 58 | −28 | 10 |
| 9 | Feniks Lutsk | 18 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 20 | 53 | −33 | 10 |
| 10 | Kolos Ivanychi | 18 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 16 | 50 | −34 | 10 |
* ↑ Feniks Lutsk was stripped of a point according to regulations.
# 2014 Ethias Trophy – Doubles

Jesse Huta Galung and Igor Sijsling were the defending champions, but Sijsling decided not to participate.
Huta Galung partnered with Michael Venus but was eliminated in the semifinals.
Marc Gicquel and Nicolas Mahut won the title by defeating Andre Begemann and Julian Knowle 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

## Seeds

* Andre Begemann / Julian Knowle (final)
* Oliver Marach / Philipp Oswald (quarterfinals)
* Jesse Huta Galung / Michael Venus (semifinals)
* Henri Kontinen / Jonathan Marray (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A Begemann J Knowle | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Bellucci A Sá | 2 | 3 | | 1 | A Begemann J Knowle | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Brown C Kas | 6 | 6 | | | D Brown C Kas | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | F Čermák A Siljeström | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | 1 | A Begemann J Knowle | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 4 | H Kontinen J Marray | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | H Kontinen J Marray | 3 | 4 | | | | |
| | M Emmrich G Kretschmer | 3 | 3 | | 4 | H Kontinen J Marray | 6 | 6$^6$ | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| WC | S Darcis O Rochus | 6 | 7 | | WC | S Darcis O Rochus | 3 | 7$^8$ | [7] | | | | | | | | |
| | T Kamke P Marx | 4 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | A Begemann J Knowle | 3 | 4 |
| WC | J Cagnina G Gigounon | 7 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | M Gicquel N Mahut | 6 | 6 |
| WC | M Authom R Bemelmans | 5 | 7 | [5] | WC | J Cagnina G Gigounon | 5 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | | |
| | K Skupski N Skupski | 4 | 6$^5$ | | 3 | J Huta Galung M Venus | 7 | 1 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | J Huta Galung M Venus | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | 3 | J Huta Galung M Venus | 3 | 2 | | | | |
| | R Junaid P Raja | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | M Gicquel N Mahut | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | M Gicquel N Mahut | 6 | 6 | | | M Gicquel N Mahut | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Bednarek M Kowalczyk | 4 | 1 | | 2 | O Marach P Oswald | 5 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | O Marach P Oswald | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 2014 in Belize

A list of events in the year 2014 in Belize.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Elizabeth II
* Governor General: Colville Young
* Prime Minister: Dean Barrow

## Events

* February – Raonel Valdez-Valhuerdis, a fugitive from the US, was arrested in Belize still wearing his ankle monitor while attempting to enter the country illegally from Guatemala. Valdez was accused of the largest gold robbery (110 pounds) in Florida history in 2012.
* 24 March – European Union bans fish imports from Belize due to alleged illegal fishing.
* 24 December – Research of sediments in the Great Blue Hole finds evidence that the Mayan civilization collapsed because of drought.

## Deaths

* 26 May – Marcial Mes, politician (b. c. 1949)
* 22 October – Paul Nabor, singer and musician, (b. 1928).