OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8C Monterosa

The Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8C Monterosa was a prototype car, designed in secret during World War II, of which between three and six were manufactured by Isotta Fraschini.
The Tipo 8C Monterosa cars were built between 1945 and 1949 with development having begun as early as 1943. The model was intended to be Isotta Fraschini's initial post-war offering once normal industrial activity resumed. The Tipo 8C would be Isotta Fraschini's first new model since production of the Tipo 8B ended in 1934 after which all activities were limited to military rearmament/war production by the National Fascist Party in power.

## Design and Development

The Tipo 8C Monterosa is equipped with a water-cooled rear mounted 3,400 cc overhead valve V8 engine equipped with cylinder heads featuring hemispherical combustion chambers. A four-speed transaxle is operated via a cable linkage and steering column-mounted shifter. The Aurelio Lampredi-designed engine develops an output of 125 PS (92 kW) and is capable of propelling the car to a top speed of 170 km/h (106 mph), with an average consumption of 15 litres per 100 kilometres (19 mpg$_{‑imp}$; 16 mpg$_{‑US}$). The engine, gearbox, and differential were largely constructed from Elektron light-metal alloy.
The initial design used a three-litre engine developing 115 PS (85 kW); a 2.5-litre version with the same power was planned to be produced as well.
The chassis is cross-platform and supports the front wheel independent, transverse arms swinging, resilient rubber and hydraulic shock absorbers, while at the rear, independent suspension with hydraulic shock absorbers and longitudinal and transverse elements with elastic rubber. The brakes are four-wheel hydraulic drums. Hydraulic jacks activated from the dashboard were in all four wheel wells.

## Unveiling and failure

Official presentation of the 1947–1948 Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8C Monterosa took place in October 1947 at the Paris Motor Show in the Grand Palais. The "Monterosa" represented the swan song of the prestigious Milanese brand and did not reach the production stage. The chassis pre-built series were set up for a 4-door sedan by Zagato, a two-door sedan by Touring and convertibles by Boneschi. All versions had six seats. This attempt to resurrect a model of automotive superiority was a complete failure. Only repeated restructuring of Isotta Fraschini's holding company made it possible to maintain its Italian plants and preserve a pair of prototypes to this day (one black coupe with a sunroof, and one two-tone white and dark-blue convertible).
# Abingdon

Abingdon may refer to:

## Places
### United Kingdom

* Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire
** Abingdon (UK Parliament constituency) 1558–1983
** Abingdon railway station (closed)

### United States

* Abingdon, Iowa
* Abingdon, Illinois
* Abingdon, Maryland
* Abingdon, Virginia
* Abingdon (plantation), Virginia

### Other countries

* Abingdon Downs, Queensland, Australia
** Abingdon Airport
* Abingdon, Ontario, Canada
* Abingdon Island, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

## Other uses

* Abingdon (1902 automobile)
* Abingdon (1922 automobile)
* Abingdon Arms, in Oxford, England
* Abingdon Health, a British manufacturer of diagnostic tests
* Abingdon Motorcycles, a former British motorcycle manufacturer
* Abingdon Press, publishing house of the United Methodist Church
* Abingdon Road, in Oxford, England
* Abingdon School, in Abingdon-on-Thames, England
* Earl of Abingdon, a title in the Peerage of England
* USS Abingdon, a U.S. Navy ship
# Daniel Ramada

Full Name: Daniel Edgardo Ramada Piendibene (born September 16, 1950) is a Uruguayan theologian and diplomat. He has three children and is married to Marta Sarasola. He is also the grand-nephew of the legendary Jose Piendibene. From 2011 to 2015 he was a Uruguayan ambassador to the Holy See and since 2011 he has also been an ambassador to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

## Biography

Ramada was born on September 16, 1950, the Uruguayan diplomatic representative studied at the Colegio del Sagrado Corazón de los padres Jesuitas in Montevideo and also attended the Instituto de Estudios Humanísticos y Clásicos de la Compañía de Jesús.
He developed his career as a university teacher in the areas of history, law, political science, social philosophy and sociology, he is a founding member of the Center for Social Research in Montevideo, of which he was head of the Research Department and director.
He has been an advisor to the Uruguayan Episcopal Conference, professor at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Paraná, in Brazil, and founder of the project "Patrística Latinoamericana-siglos XVI-XVIII" del Instituto de Teología Patrística Latinoamericana.
He developed activities in the diplomatic area, first as a counselor for the pharmaceutical industry in the Uruguayan embassy in Brazil, he was a member of the Commission for Foreign Trade of the Uruguayan Chamber of Industry and an advisor to the Mercosur Technical Group for health and food.
# 1992 Kremlin Cup – Doubles

Eric Jelen and Carl-Uwe Steeb were the defending champions, but Jelen did not participate this year. Steeb partnered Patrik Kühnen, losing in the first round.
Marius Barnard and John-Laffnie de Jager won the title, defeating David Adams and Andrei Olhovskiy 6–4, 3–6, 7–6 in the final.

## Seeds

* Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg (second round)
* David Adams / Andrei Olhovskiy (final)
* Jacco Eltingh / Jan Siemerink (second round, withdrew)
* Vojtěch Flégl / Karel Nováček (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | J Grabb R Reneberg | 7 | 3 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Q | G Bloom M Daniel | 5 | 6 | 6 | 1 | J Grabb R Reneberg | 6 | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Barnard J-L de Jager | 6 | 6 | | | M Barnard J-L de Jager | 1 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Kühnen C-U Steeb | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | M Barnard J-L de Jager | 6 | 6 | 7 | | | | | |
| 4 | V Flégl K Nováček | 6 | 7 | 3 | | | | | | | B Haygarth T Anzari | 7 | 0 | 6 | | | | | |
| | D Poliakov B Stanković | 7 | 6 | 6 | | D Poliakov B Stanković | 1 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | B Haygarth T Anzari | 6 | 7 | | | B Haygarth T Anzari | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Bates C van Rensburg | 1 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | M Barnard J-L de Jager | 6 | 3 | 7 |
| | V Gabrichidze A Merinov | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | D Adams A Olhovskiy | 4 | 6 | 6 |
| | MA Gorriz O Rahnasto | 3 | 5 | | | V Gabrichidze A Merinov | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | J Tarango D Wheaton | 2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | J Eltingh J Siemerink | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | J Eltingh J Siemerink | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | V Gabrichidze A Merinov | 7 | 2 | 1 | | | | | |
| WC | A Cherkasov A Medvedev | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | 2 | D Adams A Olhovskiy | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | Ģ Dzelde M Schapers | 6 | 2 | | WC | A Cherkasov A Medvedev | 6 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Oosting U Riglewski | 4 | 1 | | 2 | D Adams A Olhovskiy | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | D Adams A Olhovskiy | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Nekronology

Nekronology is an album by the German avant-garde/experimental musician Hermann Kopp. It was released in October 2004 as a CD and in July 2009 as a vinyl LP, with a different artwork. The album is a compilation of Kopp's soundtracks to the German films Nekromantik, Der Todesking and Nekromantik 2 by the film director Jörg Buttgereit, completed by two bonus tracks.

## Track listing

* "The Loving Dead" – 1:16
* "Poison" – 3:57
* "Supper" – 1:46
* "Fish In A Bowl" – 3:03
* "Petrified Slow" – 1:24
* "Betty’s Return" – 2:21
* "Unholy" – 5:36
* "Surprise" – 3:37
* "Home (Domestic Version)" – 2:36
* "Vanish" – 4:08
* "Supersonic Tonic" – 2:35
* "Man Drowning Himself In Bathtub" – 2:54
* "Zwi Sabattai" – 5:21
* "Drunk" – 3:39
# NJC

NJC may refer to:
* Nathaniel James Clarkson, a British record producer also known as Nat Clarxon
* National Journalism Center, an American political organization
* National Junior College, a junior college in Singapore
* Neuchâtel Junior College, a Canadian international school in Switzerland
* New Jack City, a 1991 crime film starring Wesley Snipes
* New Japan Cup, an annual single-elimination wrestling tournament in NJPW
* New Journal of Chemistry, a scientific journal
* Nizhnevartovsk Airport, the IATA code for Nizhnevartovsk Airport in Nizhnevartovsk, Russia
* Northeastern Junior College, a community college in Sterling, Colorado
# Oscilla jocosa

Oscilla jocosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The length of the white, turriculated shell measures 2.5 mm. The protoconch is planorbid. The teleoconch contains five flattened whorls. The sculpture is marked by three rounded, slightly beaded, spiral cords. The columella has a marked tooth.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:
* Gulf of Oman
* Mediterranean Sea, as an invasive species (off Haifa, Israel)
# James Kemsey Wilkinson

James Kemsey "JK" Wilkinson (6 December 1906 – 18 December 1997) was an English businessman, the founder of the high street chain Wilko. In 2014, it was reported that Wilko had 372 stores, 23,000 employees and annual revenues of £1.5 billion. Wilko collapsed into administration, on 10 August 2023.

## Early life

James Kemsey Wilkinson was born on 6 December 1906.

## Career

Together with his then fiancée, Mary Cooper, he founded Wilkinson Cash Stores Limited in Leicester during 1930, opening their first store there at 151 Charnwood Street. His brother Donald already had a hardware store in Birmingham, and two of his stores in Handsworth later joined the chain.
In 1932, they opened their second store, in Wigston.
In 1937, his brother John joined as a director.
He ceased to be a director of Wilko on 18 December 1997 when he died.

## Personal life and death

He married Mary Cooper on 22 October 1934 at St Peter's, Highfields, Leicester.
Their son, Tony Wilkinson was born in 1937.
Wilkinson died on 18 December 1997, aged 91.
# Grady Gaines

Grady Gaines (May 14, 1934 – January 29, 2021) was an American electric blues, Texas blues and jazz blues tenor saxophonist, who performed and recorded with Little Richard in the 1950s. He backed other musicians such as Dee Clark, Little Willie John, Sam Cooke, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, and Joe Tex. He released three albums.

## Early life

Gaines was born on May 14, 1934, in Waskom, Texas. Gaines's brother was Roy. In 1943, Gaines family moved to Houston, Texas. Gaines grew up in the Fifth Ward, a racially segregated neighborhood of Houston, Texas. Gaines attended E. L. Smith Junior High School.

## Career

Gaines was playing his saxophone at The Whispering Pines.
Gaines worked as a session musician for Peacock Records. He played on Big Walter Price's "Pack Fair and Square" and Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown's "Dirty Work at the Crossroads," before joining Little Richard's fledgling backing band, the Upsetters, as its leader in 1955. Gaines recorded infrequently, but he played on Richard's "Keep a Knockin'" and "Ooh! My Soul."
The Upsetters carried on after Richard "retired" in 1957. They toured with Dee Clark, Little Willie John, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, and Joe Tex. The band recorded for Vee-Jay Records in 1958 backing Clark. Gaines also led Sam Cooke's backing band until Cooke's death. Several recording sessions followed for Gaines and his band for various labels, including Vee-Jay, Gee and Fire.
Once the Upsetters disbanded, Grady toured with Millie Jackson and Curtis Mayfield. He stopped playing in 1980.
In 1980, Gaines became a transportation manager for Holiday Inn and later Sheraton.
In 1985, Gaines re-formed a band, The Texas Upsetters, and played concerts in Houston before recording Full Gain (1988), Horn of Plenty (1992), and Jump Start (2002).
Gaines performed in 1989 and 1996 at the Long Beach Blues Festival. As of January 2013, he continued to perform with the Texas Upsetters for private parties and wedding receptions and for public events, such as the Big Easy Social & Pleasure Club in Houston's Rice Village neighborhood.

## Discography

* Full Gain (1988), Black Top Records
* Horn of Plenty (1992), Black Top
* Jump Start (2002), Gulf Coast Entertainment

## Awards

* 1993 Blues Artist of the Year. Houston Juneteenth Festival.
* 2001 Local Musician of the Year. Houston Press.

## Personal life

Gaines' wife was Nell Gaines, they remained married until his death in 2021.
Gaines' brother Roy went on to play guitar on Bobby Bland's 1955 hit single "It's My Life Baby".
# Polhamus Landing, Arizona

Polhamus Landing, or Welton & Grounds Landing, was a steamboat landing in Mohave County, Arizona, United States during 1881 and 1882.

## History

By June 1881, Captain Issac Polhamus, superintendent of the Colorado Steam Navigation Company and two partners, Welton & Grounds, merchants from the booming mining camp of Mineral Park, established a new landing five miles up river from Hardyville. It had a large warehouse and other buildings, on land cut from a hill next to the river. They had also constructed a road from their landing that avoided a bad section of the road from Hardyville to Mineral Park and Cerbat and saved five miles on the route.
Subsequently freighting to Hardyville dropped drastically, while freight landing at Polhamus Landing rose dramatically. Articles of The Arizona Sentinel, mention freight shipments sent to the two rival locations during the next year:
* 9/09/1881 Hardyville 2,794 lbs; Polhamus Landing, 98,619 lbs
* 6/10/1882 Hardyville, 880 lbs; Polhamus Landing, 22,834 lbs
Mention of Polhamus Landing does not occur in The Arizona Sentinel after June 1882, indicating that both landings were supplanted by the just constructed Kingman railhead of the advancing Atlantic and Pacific Railroad that would by May 1883 have advanced to bridge the Colorado River at Eastbridge station, and link up with the Southern Pacific Railroad advancing eastward to meet it at Needles.$^{:78,81,82}$ The Arizona Sentinel of November 17, 1883 announced the firm of Welton & Grounds had been dissolved, becoming Welton & Beecher.
# Switchboard

The term switchboard, when used by itself, may refer to:
* Telephone switchboard
* Electrical controls:
** Electric switchboard in industrial applications like electricity generation
** Distribution board in residential and commercial applications
* Printed circuit board
* Mixing console
* Switchboard, another term a helpline.
* Switchboard of Miami, a nonprofit organization offering hotline, informational and referral services in Miami, Florida
* Switchboard (UK), formerly known as the London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard, a helpline for the LGBT+ persons in the UK
# Oscar Alexander Ræder

Oscar Alexander Ræder (12 June 1844 – 16 November 1877) was a Danish writer.
He was born in Copenhagen as a son of Colonel Jacob Thode Ræder (1798–1853). He was a brother of Carl Gustav Valdemar Ræder and Johan Georg Frederik Ræder, grandson of Johan Georg Ræder, a nephew of Johan Christopher Ræder, Nicolai Ditlev Amund Ræder and Johan Philip Thomas Ræder, a first cousin of Jacques Ræder, Ole Munch Ræder, Nicolai Ditlev Ammon Ræder and Johan Georg Ræder and an uncle of Hans Henning Ræder. In September 1874 he married Agnes Elise Albertha Helsted, a daughter of Frederik Ferdinand Helsted. After Oscar's death she married Johan Georg Frederik Ræder.
He finished his secondary education at Copenhagen Metropolitan School i 1862, and graduated in history in 1866. He issued the historical-philosophical works Om den hellige og profane Historie in 1870, Historiske Love in 1871, De tyske og nordiske Nationer in 1873 and Om de uhistoriske og historiske Folk in 1875. He tried to take the doctorate with the latter book, but failed. He gave up historiography, and travelled to Rome where he became vice consul for Denmark, Sweden and Norway. He died in November 1877.
# Baeckea kandos

Baeckea kandos is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It is a spreading shrub with narrow egg-shaped to linear leaves and small white flowers with ten to twelve stamens.

## Description

Baeckea kandos is a spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 1.5–2 m (4 ft 11 in – 6 ft 7 in) and has pink branchlets. The leaves are narrow oblong to linear, 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) wide on a petiole up to 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long. The flowers are 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) in diameter and are borne singly in leaf axils on a pedicel usually 1.0–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long with linear bracteoles about 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long at the base. The sepals are reddish and triangular to more or less round, 0.5–0.6 mm (0.020–0.024 in) long and the petals are white, more or less round and 1.5–1.9 mm (0.059–0.075 in) long. There are ten to twelve stamens in groups of up to three. The ovary has two locules and the style is about 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long. The fruit is a cylindrical capsule about 1.6 mm (0.063 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Baeckea kandos was first formally described in 1977 by Anthony Bean in the journal Telopea from specimens collected near Dunns Swamp in Wollemi National Park. The specific epithet (kandos) refers to the town of Kandos, near where the type specimens were collected.

## Distribution and habitat

Baeckea kandos grows in heathland or shrubland but is only known from two populations in Wollemi National Park, numbering about 100 plants.

## Conservation status

This baeckea is listed as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. The main threats to the species are activities associated with track maintenance, inappropriate fire regimes and its small population size.
# Oscar Peterson Plays the George Gershwin Songbook

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| DownBeat | |
Oscar Peterson Plays the George Gershwin Songbook is a 1959 album by pianist Oscar Peterson of compositions written by George Gershwin. Peterson had recorded many of the pieces for his 1952 album Oscar Peterson Plays George Gershwin.

## Track listing

* "It Ain't Necessarily So" – 2:48
* "The Man I Love" – 3:09
* "Love Walked In" – 2:49
* "I Was Doing All Right" – 2:50
* "A Foggy Day" – 2:55
* "Oh, Lady be Good!" – 3:02
* "Our Love is Here to Stay" – 2:59
* "They All Laughed" – 2:31
* "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off" – 2:20
* "Summertime" (DuBose Heyward) – 2:58
* "Nice Work If You Can Get It" – 2:07
* "Shall We Dance?" – 2:18
All music composed by George Gershwin, with all lyrics by Ira Gershwin. Other lyricists indicated.

## Personnel
### Performance

* Oscar Peterson – piano
* Ray Brown – double bass
* Ed Thigpen – drums
# Orkney International Science Festival

The Orkney International Science Festival is a science festival which takes place every September in Kirkwall, Orkney Islands, Scotland and has been running since 1991.

## History

The first Orkney International Science Festival took place in 1991, the world's second science festival. It takes place in September each year, generally at Kirkwall.

### 2013 Festival

The 2014 Orkney International Science Festival was opened by documentary film-maker Alan Ereira, and featured over 50 events on topics of astronomy, archaeology, the Arctic, the science of a lost city, Vikings, the search for a lost undersea world, ancient catastrophes on Earth, and supermassive black holes. Speakers included astronomer and author Prof. Bill Napier of Buckingham University, Prof. Bonnie A. Steves of Glasgow Caledonian University, and archaeologist Dr. Cathy Batt from Bradford University.

### 2014 Festival

The 2014 festival was opened by the former chief scientist of the Discovery Channel, Professor Steve ‘Jake’ Jacobs. Topics of the festival ranged from the origin of life in space, to clues from genetics to the people of the Viking Age.

### 2015 Festival

2015 marks the 25th festival. In 2015, the "International Year of Light" will be a theme of the festival, featuring a conversation with Nobel Prizewinner Peter Higgs, and with highlights including the Higgs boson, Einstein's universe, Maxwell's waves, exploring Mars and Venus, our changing weather, and cracking the cancer code.

### 2017 Festival

The 2017 festival took place in Ophir church, opened by Christopher Somerville, a travel writer.

### 2018 Festival

The 28th festival included Paul Nurse and Peter Higgs as key speakers. It covered hydrogen fuel technology for transport, the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition of Antarctic's seas and topics such as particle physics and black holes.
# Bailar twist

The Bailar twist is a mechanism proposed for the racemization of octahedral complexes containing three bidentate chelate rings. Such complexes typically adopt an octahedral molecular geometry, in which case they possess helical chirality. One pathway by which these compounds can racemize is via the formation of a trigonal prismatic intermediate with D3h point group symmetry. This pathway is named in honor of John C. Bailar, Jr., an inorganic chemist who investigated this process. An alternative pathway is called the Ray–Dutt twist.
# Bakers Pit

Bakers Pit is a phreatic maze cave system near Buckfastleigh, Devon, England.
It was first opened in 1847 by quarrying activities.
Bakers Pit is entered via a vertical descent of 16 metres. It has 3.631 kilometres (2.256 mi) of passage contained within an area of 4 hectares (9.9 acres) and a small stream, flowing to the River Dart, that is still actively developing the cave. It was once connected to Reeds cave, however, only "voice" connection is currently possible, and only in a few locations. Connections between the two systems have been filled in with concrete to protect the beautiful formations in the Reeds cave.
The cave was much frequented between the wars by local people during which time many of the calcite formations were destroyed, although some formations have now naturally regenerated. In the early 1960s an upper series was discovered significantly extending the known cave by as much as 50 per cent by climbing a vertical slot in the roof. This extension is better known as the Plymouth Extension and this area contains some of the best examples of formations due to its difficult access of squeezes and climbs. This upper series once went up to the surface but for conservation this has been sealed off with an emergency plan in place in case of rescue from this upper series..

## Wildlife

Devon caves are good places to find humidity-loving collembola and Pseudosinella dobati (a blind white cave-adapted species), Symphyla isabellae, Tetracanthella britannica and Heteromurus nitidus have been recorded in Baker's Pit. Other invertebrates include the staphilinid beetle Quedius mesomelinus and the arachnid Lessertia denticalis.
# Ormocarpopsis mandrarensis

Ormocarpopsis mandrarensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Madagascar.