OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gairm

Gairm was a Scottish Gaelic quarterly magazine founded in 1951 by Derick Thomson, and Finlay J. MacDonald (Fionnlagh Domhnallach). Its first issue was published in Autumn 1952. MacDonald served as an editor until 1964; Thomson remained present for decades until it ceased publication in 2004, producing just over 200 issues in total.
According to Alan Campbell, the magazine was a "one-man show;" he explained that Thomson "sustained something very valuable for a long period of time." Although it had a relatively low circulation, it was influential on Gaelic literature as it was the longest-running Gaelic literary magazine of the 20th century, in circulation for more than twice as long as its predecessor, Guth na Bliadhna. Gairm attempted to encompass a variety of perspectives and themes, and "disseminated a lot of work that we weren't aware of" in the words of Martin MacDonald. The extent to which Gairm was familiar to the wider literate Scottish Gaelic population is unknown, as information about literacy in the language only became available from 1971. Roger Hutchinson stresses the magazine's influence, attracting influential writers including Sorley MacLean, Iain Crichton Smith, George Campbell Hay, and Dòmhnall MacAmhlaigh.
Some of the most influential Gaelic poems of the twentieth century were published in the magazine, most notably "Hallaig" by Sorley MacLean in 1954. Gairm also published short stories by Eilidh Watt and Iain Crichton Smith. There were also translations (for example the poetry of Anna Achmatova translated by Crìsdean Whyte, Issue 125, Winter 1983–1984) and other Gaelic literary works (by Dòmhnall Eachann Meek or Dòmhnall MacAmhlaigh) were an important part of Gairm.
When Gairm ceased to publish, a new magazine, Gath (2003–8), took its place, followed by Steall, whose first issue was published in 2016.

## Writers for Gairm

* Sorley MacLean
* Iain Crichton Smith
* George Campbell Hay
* Crìsdean Whyte
* Dòmhnall Eachann Meek
* Dòmhnall MacAmhlaigh
* Eilidh Watt
* Iain Moireach
* Maoilios Caimbeul
* Catrìona NicGumaraid
* Ruaraidh MacThòmais
* Iain MacLeòid
* Anna Frater
# Marcus Wallenberg (bishop)

Marcus Wallenberg (June 1774 – 22 September 1833) was a Swedish theologian who served as the Bishop of Linköping between 1819 and 1833.

## Early life

Marcus Wallenberg was born in Linköping where his father, Marcus Wallenberg, was a vicar. His mother was Sara Helena Kinnander. Wallenberg studied at Uppsala University from 1790, was promoted to master of philosophy in 1797, and obtained a bachelor's degree in juris utriusque in the same year.

## Career

He became a docent in Roman eloquence from 1800, but was forced to leave Uppsala the same year after the so-called music trial and moved to Lund. In 1802 he became a consistory notary in Linköping and in 1805 a lecturer in Greek at the high school there. He was ordained a priest in 1817, promoted to doctor of theology in 1818 in connection with Charles XIV John's ascension to the throne, and between 1819 and 1833 was bishop in the diocese of Linköping. He proved the Riksdags in 1823 and 1828–1830.
In the years 1814–1815 Wallenberg translated the Iliad and 1819–1821 the Odyssey.
On 25 November 1801 Wallenberg was elected as member 207 of the Royal Academy of Music. On 23 January 1821 he became an honorary member of the Royal Academy of History and Antiquities.
Marcus Wallenberg is buried at Gamla griftegården, Linköping.

## Family

In 1804, Wallenberg married Anna Laurentia Barfoth (1783–1862), daughter of professor Anders Barfoth at Lund University and Ebba Bager. Together they had the children Laurentia Maria Wallenberg (1805–1806), Marcus Hilarion Wallenberg (1807–1842), Jacob Agathon Wallenberg (1808–1887), Carl August Wallenberg (1811–1811) and André Oscar Wallenberg (1816–1886).
# Lingapalem Mandal

Lingapalem Mandal is one of 28 mandals in the Eluru district of Andhra Pradesh in India. Its headquarters are located in Lingapalem. It is bordered by T.Narasapuram and Chintalapudi in the North, Khammam district tin the West, Kamavarapukota mandal in the East, and Pedavegi mandal in the South.

## Demographics

Lingapalem Mandal has a population of 58,360 in 15,626 households per the 2011 census. Of this total, 29,546 are male and 28,814 are female. There are 5,786 children between 0 and 6 years old, of which 2,896 are male and 2,890 are female. The average literacy rate is 67.60% with 35,553 literate people in total; of which 19,100 are male and 16,453 are female.
The majority of the population (23,897) have been designated as members of Scheduled Castes, with 329 belonging to Scheduled Tribes.

### Work profile

Per the 2011 census, 32,623 Lingapalem Mandal residents described themselves as labourers, including 18,862 men and 13,761 women. Of the 30,021 labourers who described their primary occupations, 23,361 were agricultural labourers, 3,497 were cultivators, 264 were domestic labourers and 2,899 worked in other areas.

## Administration

Lingapalem Mandal is under the administration of the Chintalapudi Assembly constituency of Eluru, and is one of the sixteen mandals under the Eluru revenue division.

## Towns and villages

As of the 2011 census, the mandal has 25 village settlements with Lingapalem being the most populated and Malleswaram being the least.
The settlements in the mandal include:
* Asannagudem
* Ayyaparajugudem
* Badarala
* Bhogole
* Chandrannapalem
* Dharmajigudem
* Ganapavarigudem
* Juvvachalakarayudupalem
* Kalarayanagudem
* Kalyanampadu
* Konijerla
* Kothapalle
* Kothulagokavaram
* Lingapalem
* Malleswaram
* Mattamgudem
* Mudicherla
* Mulagalampadu
* Patchanagaram
* Puppalavarigudem
* Rangapuram
* Singagudem
* Thimmakkapalem
* Vemulapalle
* Yedavalli

## Education

The mandal plays a major role in education for students from nearby rural villages. Lingapalem Mandal's primary and secondary education consists of both public and private schools, according to the state's School Education Department. As per the school information report for the 2015-2016 academic year, the mandal had more than 7,016 students enrolled in over 80 schools.

## Transport

Lingapalem lies on State Highway 43 connecting Chintalapudi to Eluru.
# Freudenberger

Freudenberger is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Herbert Freudenberger (1927–1999), German-born American psychologist
* Nell Freudenberger (born 1975), American novelist
* Schraga Har-Gil (1926–2009), born Paul-Philipp Freudenberger, German-Israeli journalist and writer
* Sigmund Freudenberger (1745–1801), Swiss painter
# Bongpyeong-myeon

Bongpyeong-myeon (Korean: 봉평면; Hanja: 蓬坪面) is a myeon (township) in the county of Pyeongchang in the province of Gangwon-do, South Korea. The myeon is located in northwestern part of the county. The total area of Bongpyeong-myeon is 217.41 square kilometers, and, as of 2008, the population was 5,545 people.
The town is the setting of the When Buckwheat Flowers Bloom (1936) short story by Lee Hyo-seok, and its buckwheat fields are considered to be a major tourist attraction.

## Attractions

* Bogwang Phoenix Park: venue of 2018 Winter Olympics
* Mount Taegisan
* Phoenix Park: It offers an extensive selection, as well as ski and snowboard instruction for beginner skiers
# Fringed darter

The fringed darter (Etheostoma crossopterum) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States, where it occurs in the drainage of the Cumberland River, the Duck River system, the Shoal Creek system, and the tributaries of the Reelfoot Lakes of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama. It is an inhabitant of small streams and rocky pool and nearby riffles where they prey on insect larvae and nymphs, as well as small crustaceans. This species can reach a length of 10 cm (3.9 in).
# Fringed fruit-eating bat

The fringed fruit-eating bat (Artibeus fimbriatus), is a species of bat native to South America.

## Distribution and habitat

Fringed fruit-eating bats inhabit regions with tropical climates and thrive in areas with little rainfall and sunny days. This species is dependent on abiotic factors in the wild. It is found in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay.

## Behaviour and ecology

Their reproduction process is dependent on both the time of day and climatic factors. The process begins in warmer seasons with longer hours of daylight.
For scavenging, they mainly feed on fruits and seeds, but predominantly eat ficus and leafy bushes.

## Threats

While not currently threatened with extinction, changes to the forests and forest community may lead to a steadily decline in the bat population.
# Bonifas

Bonifas may refer to:

## People

* Arthur Bonifas, one of two victims in a 1976 Korean axe murder incident
* Catherine Bonifas (1864–1948), Irish-born American philanthropist
* Paul Bonifas (1902–1975), French actor

## Other uses

* Camp Bonifas, a United Nations Command military post in South Korea named after Arthur Bonifas
* The Bonifas, original name of Aztec Challenge, a 1982 Atari video game
# Friedrich Heinrich Häberlin

Friedrich Heinrich Häberlin (16 December 1834 in Bissegg – 16 October 1897) was a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss National Council (1889/1890).
His brother Eduard Häberlin (1820–1884) was President of the Swiss Council of States (1863).
His son Heinrich Häberlin (1868–1947) became a member of the Federal Council (1920–1934).
# Frenchtown, Yuba County, California

39°23′17″N 121°15′18″W﻿ / ﻿39.38806°N 121.25500°W﻿ / 39.38806; -121.25500
Frenchtown is an unincorporated community in Yuba County, California. It is located on Dry Creek 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Rackerby, at an elevation of 1447 feet (441 m).
The town was started by a French man named Vavasseur. He built a hotel and store in 1854 at the site of Frenchtown, which soon numbered some 500 residents and had three hotels, three saloons, two blacksmith shops, a barber shop, and a bakery. However, the town was "virtually abandoned" by 1870, and by 1928 the only remains were an adobe wine cellar, a stone bridge, and an ore-processing apparatus. In 1940, San Francisco attorney Thomas F. Califro bought the Frenchtown site and built a country estate there, using one of the stone rollers of the ore-processing arrastra in his front wall. Today the Frenchtown area is a vacation destination, with wineries of the North Yuba AVA and country inns.
# List of 18th-century British periodicals for women

According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "In the 18th century, when women were expected to participate in social and political life, those magazines aimed primarily at women were relatively robust and stimulating in content." Here follows a list of some of the major British periodicals marketed to women in the period. Between them they cover a wide range of material, from Augustan periodical essays, to advice, to mathematical puzzles, to fashion. Some were written and edited by women and others by men. In many cases, both editorship and individual authorship is obscure.

## Periodicals marketed to women

* The Ladies' Mercury (27 February 1693 – 17 March 1693): weekly; 4 issues
* The Ladies' Diary: or, Woman's Almanack (1704–1841): annually
* The Female Tatler (8 July 1709 – 31 March 1710): thrice weekly; 115 issues
* The Female Spectator (1744–1746): monthly; 24 issues; edited/written by Eliza Haywood
* The Ladies magazine or, the Universal entertainer (1749–1753)
* The Lady's Museum (1760–1761): monthly; edited/written by Charlotte Lennox
* The Lady's Magazine; or Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex, Appropriated Solely to Their Use and Amusement, (1770–1832): monthly; merged with The Lady's Monthly Museum in 1832 and La Belle Assemblée in 1837
* The Lady's Monthly Museum; Or, Polite Repository of Amusement and Instruction (1798–1832): monthly; merged with The Lady's Magazine in 1832 and La Belle Assemblée in 1837

### Notable contributions by women to general periodicals

* Analytical Review (1788 to 1798): Mary Wollstonecraft
* The Athenian Mercury (1690–1697): Elizabeth Singer Rowe
* The Examiner (1710–1714): Delarivier Manley
* The Gentleman's Magazine (1731–1922): Mary Barber; Anna Eliza Bray; Susanna Highmore; Laetitia Pilkington
* The Monthly Mirror (1795 to 1811): Eliza Kirkham Mathews
* Monthly Review (1749–1845): Anna Letitia Barbauld; Elizabeth Moody

### Images

* The Ladies Mercury, February 27, 1693
* "The Life of Mrs. Elizabeth Row," The Gentleman's Magazine (May 1739)
* Frontispiece to The Female Spectator, London: 1746, by Eliza Haywood
* Title page, The Female Spectator 3rd ed. Vol. I, Dublin, 1747
* The Lady's Magazine, 1 August 1770
* Image of mathematical solution, The Ladies' Diary, 1779
* Cover, The Ladies' Diary, 1787
* Fashion Plate: Morning dress, The Lady's Monthly Museum, Sept. 1798
* Fashion Plate: Afternoon dress, The Lady's Monthly Museum, May 1800
* Title page from La Belle Assemblée or, Bell's court and fashionable magazine Volume III, 1807
# 2011 Rugby World Cup – repechage qualification

The 2011 Rugby World Cup qualifying process ended with a play-off to decide the 20th and final qualifier. Four teams, the best non-qualifier from each region except Oceania, competed for the last place at the 2011 Rugby World Cup finals in New Zealand. Romania beat Uruguay in the play-off final, and went on to compete in Pool B in New Zealand, along with Argentina, England, Scotland and Georgia.
The play-off was contested on a knockout basis, with a semi-final and a two-legged home and away final. One semi-final featured Romania, the winner of the European Nations Cup Champions Playoff Series, defeating Tunisia, the loser of the African final. The other saw Uruguay, the loser of Round Four of the Americas qualification, beat Kazakhstan, the second-place finisher at the 2010 Asian Five Nations.
The host of each semi-final was the team with the higher IRB Ranking at the moment when it became known who the two teams were.
Romania won the final over Uruguay with a victory and a draw to qualify for the 2011 Rugby World Cup.

## Participants

| Qualifying zone | Nation |
| Africa | Tunisia (34**) |
| Americas | Uruguay (22*) |
| Asia | Kazakhstan (26*) |
| Europe | Romania (19**) |
* IRB World Rankings on 22 May 2010, the date that both the Asia and Americas qualifiers were known. ** IRB World Rankings on 5 June 2010, the date that both the African and European qualifiers were known.

## Preliminary round

* 17 July 2010
| Romania | 56–13 | Tunisia |
* Stadionul Gloria, Buzău Referee: Pascal Gauzere (France)
* 17 July 2010
| Uruguay | 44–7 | Kazakhstan |
* Estadio Charrúa, Montevideo Referee: Francisco Pastrana (Argentina)

## Qualification final
### First leg

* 13 November 2010
| Uruguay | 21–21 | Romania |
| | Report | |
* Estadio Charrúa, Montevideo Attendance: 10,000 Referee: Mark Lawrence (South Africa)

### Second leg

* 27 November 2010
| Romania | 39–12 | Uruguay |
| | Report | |
* Stadionul Naţional de Rugby, Bucharest Attendance: 5,000 Referee: Alain Rolland (Ireland)

## Sources

* Official site
# BMW M335

The BMW M335 is a straight-6 OHV petrol engine which was produced from 1939–1941. It was used in the BMW 335 sedans and convertibles, and was the most powerful BMW engine prior to World War II.
Compared with its M328 predecessor, the M335 has a displacement increase of 77%. As per the M328, the M335 has an iron block and aluminium cylinder head.$^{:36}$
Production of the M335 was cut short due to World War II. Although the M335 does not have a direct successor, in 1954 its place as the high-performance engine was filled by the BMW OHV V8.

## Versions

| Engine | Displacement | Power | Torque | Years |
| M335 | 3,485 cc (212.7 cu in) | 66 kW (89 bhp) at 3,000 rpm | 180 N⋅m (133 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm | 1939-1941 |

### M335

Fuel is supplied by a single Solex 35 carburetor. The engine produces 66 kW (89 bhp) at 3,000 rpm.
Applications:
* 1939-1941 BMW 335
# Lysibody

Although cell wall carbohydrates are ideal immunotherapeutic targets due to their abundance in bacteria and high level of conservation, their poor immunogenicity compared with protein targets complicates their use for the development of protective antibodies. A lysibody is a chimeric antibody in which the Fab region is the binding domain from a bacteriophage lysin, or the binding domain from an autolysin or bacteriocin, all of which bind to bacterial cell wall carbohydrate epitopes. This is linked to the Fc of Immunoglobulin G (IgG). The chimera forms a stable homodimer held together by hinge-region disulfide bonds. Thus, lysibodies are homodimeric hybrid immunoglobulin G molecules that can bind with high affinity and specificity to a carbohydrate substrate in the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. Lysibodies behave like authentic IgG by binding at high affinity to their bacterial wall receptor, fix complement and therefore promote phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, protecting mice from infection in model systems. Since cell wall hydrolases, autolysins and bacteriocins are ubiquitous in nature, production of lysibodies specific for difficult to treat pathogenic bacteria is possible.
Binding domains may be linked to either the N-terminus of the IgG Fc (as is the case for autolysins) or to the C-terminus (as seen with phage lysins - see figure). In both cases the binding domains are able to bind their substrates in the bacterial cell wall and the Fc is able to perform its effector functions (see ref 2 for more detail).
Lysibodies may be used prophylactically to help protect surgical patients from bacterial infections, particularly methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and boost immune clearance in infected individuals.
# Łęczyca railway station

Łęczyca station is a railway station located in the Polish town of Łęczyca, Łódź Voivodeship. It serves mainly regional and commuter traffic between Łódź and Kutno, as well as intercity services between Gdynia and Katowice.
It opened in 1925 as a part of Łódź–Kutno railway. The main building resembles mansion architecture [pl], used among other local railway stations built around early 1920's. The station serves the branch line leading to the military base near Leżnica Wielka.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
* Intercity services (IC) Łódź Fabryczna — Bydgoszcz — Gdynia Główna
* Intercity services (IC) Gdynia - Gdańsk - Bydgoszcz - Toruń - Kutno - Łódź - Częstochowa - Katowice - Bielsko-Biała
* Intercity services (TLK) Gdynia Główna — Bydgoszcz/Grudziądz — Łódź — Katowice
# Gairlochy railway station

Gairlochy was a railway station in western Scotland. It was the first station on the Highland Railway's branch to Fort Augustus (originally the Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway). It opened in 1903 and was closed in 1947.

## History

The station opened on 22 July 1903. The Highland Railway company appointed Donald Macdonald as station master in 1903. The station was operated by the Highland Railway from 1903 to 1907, and then by the North British Railway until 1922. From 1923 it was operated by the London and North Eastern Railway.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Spean Bridge | North British Railway Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway | Invergloy Platform |
# Cnestus mutilatus

Cnestus mutilatus, commonly known as the camphor shot borer, camphor shoot borer, or sweetgum ambrosia beetle, is a species of ambrosia beetle in the subfamily Scolytinae of the weevil family Curculionidae. It is native to Asia, but has been established as an invasive species in the United States since 1999.

## Description

Cnestus mutilatus adult females are mainly black in color, and are large and robust compared to most ambrosia beetles, ranging from 3.4 to 3.9 mm in length, and about 1.7 times longer than wide. This makes C. mutilatus the largest ambrosia beetle species found in North America. Their body shape is also distinctive compared to most ambrosia beetles, with an abdomen that is shorter than the head and thorax, and a sharp slope to the posterior end that gives them a severed or "squished" appearance. Adult male beetles are smaller, and flightless.

## Distribution

Cnestus mutilatus is native to Asia, where it is known from Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Guinea, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. In 1999, it was collected in traps in Mississippi (USA), and subsequent survey work found it to be widely established there. It has since spread throughout much of the eastern United States, from Florida north to Pennsylvania, and west to Illinois and Texas.

## Ecology and behavior

Like other ambrosia beetles, Cnestus mutilatus carries a symbiotic species of fungus that it introduces into the host plant, and which serves as the primary food source for the adult beetles and larvae; the ambrosia fungus associated with C. mutilatus is Ambrosiella beaveri.
The female beetle tunnels directly through the bark and into the wood of the host tree's branches, attacking stems that are relatively small (typically 1 to 5 cm in diameter), and entering through circular holes that are about 2 mm in diameter. Their galleries (tunnels) typically extend horizontally into the stem for a short distance, before branching into long (up to 3.8 cm) vertical tunnels.

## Damage to fuel containers

Cnestus mutilatus has been documented as damaging vessels and lines containing gasoline fuel, such as plastic fuel storage containers, lawnmower components, and boat fuel lines. They tunnel in through the plastic, creating small (~2 mm), circular entrance holes. This "accidental" damage (which often results in the death of the beetle) is apparently due to the fact that standard gasoline fuel in the United States contains up to 10% ethanol, which is a primary attractant of C. mutilatus, as a chemical released by stressed host trees.
# List of 18th-century British children's literature titles

This is a list of 18th-century British children's literature titles (ordered by year of publication):
* A Little Book for Little Children (1702) by Thomas White
* A Token for Children (1709) by James Janeway
* Divine Songs (1715) by Isaac Watts
* A Description of Three Hundred Animals (1730) by Thomas Boreman
* The Gigantick History of the Two Famous Giants (1730) by Thomas Boreman
* Winter-Evening Entertainments (1737) by Nathaniel Crouch
* The History of Fortunatus (1740) author unknown, translator Thomas Churchyard
* A Little Pretty Pocket-Book (1744) published by John Newbery
* Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book (1744) by Mary Cooper
* The Governess, or The Little Female Academy (1749) by Sarah Fielding
* The Lilliputian magazine (1752) published by John Newbery
* The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes (1765) published by John Newbery
* The Parables of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (1768) by Christopher Smart
* Hymns for the Amusement of Children (1771) by Christopher Smart
* Lessons for Children (1778–79) by Anna Laetitia Barbauld
* An Easy Introduction to the Knowledge of Nature (1780) by Sarah Trimmer
* Hymns in Prose for Children (1781) by Anna Laetitia Barbauld
* Sacred Dramas (1782) by Hannah More
* The Life and Perambulation of a Mouse (1783) by Dorothy Kilner
* Cobwebs to Catch Flies (1783) by Ellenor Fenn
* The History of Sandford and Merton (1783–89) by Thomas Day
* Anecdotes of a Boarding School (1784) by Dorothy Kilner
* The Female Guardian (1784) by Ellenor Fenn
* A Description of a Set of Prints of Scripture History (1786) by Sarah Trimmer
* Fabulous Histories (1786) by Sarah Trimmer
* The History of Little Jack (1788) by Thomas Day
* Original Stories from Real Life (1788) by Mary Wollstonecraft
* The Parent's Assistant (1796) by Maria Edgeworth
* Adventures of a Pincushion (1780–1783) by Mary Ann Kilner
* Evenings at Home (1794–98) by John Aikin and Anna Laetitia Barbauld
* Keeper’s Travels in Search of His Master (1798) by Edward Augustus Kendall
* The Rational Brutes (1799) by Dorothy Kilner