OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Irregular Z-buffer

The irregular Z-buffer is an algorithm designed to solve the visibility problem in real-time 3-d computer graphics. It is related to the classical Z-buffer in that it maintains a depth value for each image sample and uses these to determine which geometric elements of a scene are visible. The key difference, however, between the classical Z-buffer and the irregular Z-buffer is that the latter allows arbitrary placement of image samples in the image plane, whereas the former requires samples to be arranged in a regular grid.
These depth samples are explicitly stored in a two-dimensional spatial data structure. During rasterization, triangles are projected onto the image plane as usual, and the data structure is queried to determine which samples overlap each projected triangle. Finally, for each overlapping sample, the standard Z-compare and (conditional) frame buffer update are performed.

## Implementation

The classical rasterization algorithm projects each polygon onto the image plane, and determines which sample points from a regularly spaced set lie inside the projected polygon. Since the locations of these samples (i.e. pixels) are implicit, this determination can be made by testing the edges against the implicit grid of sample points. If, however the locations of the sample points are irregularly spaced and cannot be computed from a formula, then this approach does not work. The irregular Z-buffer solves this problem by storing sample locations explicitly in a two-dimensional spatial data structure, and later querying this structure to determine which samples lie within a projected triangle. This latter step is referred to as "irregular rasterization".
Although the particular data structure used may vary from implementation to implementation, the two studied approaches are the kd-tree, and a grid of linked lists. A balanced kd-tree implementation has the advantage that it guarantees O(log(N)) access. Its chief disadvantage is that parallel construction of the kd-tree may be difficult, and traversal requires expensive branch instructions. The grid of lists has the advantage that it can be implemented more effectively on GPU hardware, which is designed primarily for the classical Z-buffer.
With the appearance of CUDA, the programmability of current graphics hardware has been drastically improved. The Master Thesis, "Fast Triangle Rasterization using irregular Z-buffer on CUDA" (see External Links), provide a complete description to an irregular Z-Buffer based shadow mapping software implementation on CUDA. The rendering system is running completely on GPUs. It is capable of generating aliasing-free shadows at a throughput of dozens of million triangles per second.

## Applications

The irregular Z-buffer can be used for any application which requires visibility calculations at arbitrary locations in the image plane. It has been shown to be particularly adept at shadow mapping, an image space algorithm for rendering hard shadows. In addition to shadow rendering, potential applications include adaptive anti-aliasing, jittered sampling, and environment mapping.
# Isle Valen, Newfoundland and Labrador

Isle Valen or Valen Island, was established as Isle of Valen in 1856. It was a small place with 23 families. The Way Office was changed to Post Office in 1891. The name was changed to its present calling before 1968. It was depopulated on September 17, 1968.
# Heaney Glacier

Heaney Glacier (54°25′S 36°12′W﻿ / ﻿54.417°S 36.200°W﻿ / -54.417; -36.200) is a glacier, 4 nautical miles (7 km) long, which lies close northwest of Cook Glacier and flows northeast and then east toward Saint Andrews Bay on the north coast of South Georgia. It was surveyed by the South Georgia Survey, 1951–52, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for John B. Heaney, a surveyor with that expedition.
# Diplophos orientalis

Diplophos orientalis (originally derived from Greek word diploos meaning double and phos meaning light) is a species of fish in the family Gonostomatidae.
# Château de Bellegarde (Lamonzie-Montastruc)

The Château de Bellegarde is a château in Lamonzie-Montastruc, Dordogne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The structure originates in the 14th century although the interiors are of the 20th century. It has been a listed historical monument since 2006.
# Cromarcha

Cromarcha is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914.

## Species

* Cromarcha polybata
* Cromarcha stroudagnesia
# Isabel Branson Cartwright

Isabel Parke Branson Cartwright (September 4, 1885 – June 7, 1966) was an American artist born in Coatesville, Pennsylvania.
Cartwright attended the Philadelphia School of Design for Women. In 1906, she won the 'Alumnae Award', a European fellowship allowing her to go abroad for a year. This enabled her to study with Frank Brangwyn, a figure painter in London, for a year, and to travel to Holland, France, and Italy. Other teachers included Elliott Daingerfield and Henry B. Snell.
In November 1910, she married John Reagan Cartwright in El Paso, Texas. They moved to Terrell, Texas until her husband's death in 1917. She went on to have one-woman art shows in San Antonio and Fort Worth, Texas.
After her Texas period, Isabel Cartwright returned to Philadelphia where she joined the Philadelphia Ten. Considered one of the mainstays of the group, she exhibited in all sixty-five shows that it held, over a twenty-eight year span from 1917 to 1945.
Cartwright had a house in the 1940s on Monhegan Island, off the coast of Maine, where she liked to paint. She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (1921-1943), and at the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors.
In 1953, Cartwright moved to the artists' colony of Carmel, California to live with her sister Sarah Branson Cornell. Cartwright died in Ross, California in 1966.
# Montigny-lès-Arsures

Montigny-lès-Arsures (French pronunciation:, literally Montigny near Arsures) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## Geography

Montigny is located in the heart of the Jura wine region, in the north-east of the Jura, on the Jura Wine Route and the Route Pasteur. The village also boasts the title of Capital of Trousseau, a local grape variety, since the village's limestone soils particularly suit these grapes' requirements. The Larine stream springs forth in the village which it then proceeds to cross.
Arbois is 3 km from Montigny, Besançon 45 km, Dijon 30 km and Lausanne 100 km.
# Dancing at Budokan!!

Dancing at Budokan!! is a DVD/BD set and live album released by Japanese recording artist Superfly. The performances featured are from Superfly's December 14, 2009, concert at the Nippon Budokan arena in Tokyo, all recorded on the first DVD/BD. The second DVD/BD features footage of Shiho Ochi's performance with Big Brother and the Holding Company at the Bethel Woods Center for the Arts stop on the Heroes of Woodstock Tour, an interview on her album Box Emotions, and the live performances at the Roppongi Hills Arena free concert. The limited edition DVD bundle includes a two CD album of the Budokan concert. On the Oricon music DVD charts, it peaked at #7 while on the charts for 7 weeks.

## Track list
### iTunes Store EP

Prior to the release of Dancing at Budokan!!, the iTunes Store released an EP of four of the songs off of the DVD. On the DVD's release date, iTunes released another version of the EP that included the songs from the first with four video recordings from the DVD.
# Grilli

Grilli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Francesca Grilli (born 1978), Italian visual artist
* Guido Grilli (born 1939), American baseball relief pitcher
* Jason Grilli (born 1976), American baseball relief pitcher
* Julia V. Grilli (1893–1991), American lawyer and concert singer
* Paolo Grilli (1857–1952), Italian sculptor and painter
* Rodrigo-Antonio Grilli (born 1979), Brazilian tennis player
* Steve Grilli (born 1949), American baseball pitcher, father of Jason
* Vittorio Grilli (born 1957), Italian economist and academic
# Iroquois Dam

The Iroquois Dam, also known as the Iroquois Control Dam, is a significant piece of infrastructure located on the St. Lawrence River in Canada. The dam is located in Iroquois, Ontario, and has played an essential role in managing the water levels of the river.
The dam forms a water reservoir upstream of the power dam between Cornwall, Ontario, and Massena, New York. The Iroquois Dam limits high water levels downstream in Lake St. Lawrence and during ice management operations to help facilitate the formation of a safe, stable ice cover upstream of the structure.
# Anarsia valvata

Anarsia valvata is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Rose and Pathania in 2003. It is found in India (Himachal Pradesh).
# Diplophos pacificus

Diplophos pacificus is a species of fish in the family Gonostomatidae.
# 2018 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships

The 2018 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf skating rink in Heerenveen from Friday 27 October 2017 to Sunday 29 October 2017. Although the tournament was held in 2017 it was the 2018 edition as it was part of the 2017–2018 speed skating season.

## Schedule

Schedule :
| Date | Starting time | Event |
| Friday 27 October 2017 | 18:20 | Women's 3000 meter Men's 1500 meter Women's 500 meter |
| Saturday 28 October 2017 | 15:25 | Men's 5000 meter Women's 1500 meter Men's 500 meter |
| Sunday 29 October 2017 | 13:10 | Women's 5000 meter Men's 10.000 meter Women's 1000 meter Men's 1000 meter |

## Medalists
### Men

| Distance | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 500m details | Dai Dai Ntab | 34.67 | Ronald Mulder | 34.69 | Kai Verbij | 34.95 |
| 1000m details | Kai Verbij | 1:08.30 | Kjeld Nuis | 1:08.52 | Koen Verweij | 1:08.96 |
| 1500m details | Koen Verweij | 1:45.07 | Thomas Krol | 1:45.35 | Sven Kramer | 1:46.50 |
| 5000m details | Sven Kramer | 6:16.15 | Jorrit Bergsma | 6:17.16 | Erik Jan Kooiman | 6:19.59 |
| 10000m details | Jorrit Bergsma | 12:55.83 | Sven Kramer | 12:88.02 | Erik Jan Kooiman | 12:59.48 |

### Women

| Distance | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 500m details | Jorien ter Mors | 38.51 | Marrit Leenstra | 38.88 | Sanneke de Neeling | 39.27 |
| 1000m details | Jorien ter Mors | 1:15.94 | Marrit Leenstra | 1:16.18 | Ireen Wüst | 1:16.50 |
| 1500m details | Jorien ter Mors | 1:54.93 | Ireen Wüst | 1:56.17 | Marrit Leenstra | 1:56.64 |
| 3000m details | Antoinette de Jong | 4:05.59 | Ireen Wüst | 4:06.13 | Irene Schouten | 4:06.31 |
| 5000m details | Antoinette de Jong | 6:59.65 | Carien Kleibeuker | 7:00.38 | Carlijn Achtereekte | 7:00.86 |
Source:
# 46 South End

46 South End, located in South Croydon, is Croydon's oldest surviving shop. The building is Grade II listed, dating back to the 17th century. The building retains its original timber framing and the front has distinctive and attractive elevations. The rear of the building is partly of modern construction. Since 1985 it has been home to Just Flutes, a music shop.

## History

The original nature of the building, or who early occupants were is unknown. Records of street directories dating back to 1851 give the names E.C. Johnson & Thorpe, though no detail of the usage of the premises at the time. After an unoccupied period, the shop was a pork butchers for around 20 years.
From 1900 for 58 years, it was lived in by J. Gladwish, who established Gladwish's, a grocery and provisions shop.
In 1962 the property was bought by Mr Brian Trengove. He moved his business, Trengove Antiques, from a previous shop, which was demolished to make way for the Croydon Flyover. On several occasions, attempts at selling the property were made as seen by a newspaper article, dated October 6, 1982

## Alterations

It is thought that at some point in the 1950s, the southern portion of the original house was demolished, and a three-storey building erected in its place.

## Modern Day Status

In 1998 the building was purchased by Mr Jonathan Myall after moving from his existing shop in Coulsdon. The building is now used as a woodwind and brass specialist music retail outlet, Just Flutes, with an internationally renowned main speciality in flutes.
# Isis Lock

Isis Lock (known to boatmen as "Louse Lock") is a lock connecting the Oxford Canal and the Castle Mill Stream, a backwater of the River Thames in Oxford, England.

## Location

The Isis Lock is close to Sheepwash Channel, just to the south and linking with the River Thames to the west. To the west of the lock are Rewley Road, the Cherwell Valley Line, and the Cotswold Line, just north of Oxford railway station. To the east over the Oxford Canal are the grounds of Worcester College, one of the colleges of Oxford University.
There is a winding hole for boats to turn on the Oxford Canal just to the north of the lock.

## History

In central Oxford, the Oxford Canal and the River Thames were originally linked by a flash lock at Hythe Bridge. In 1795–97, David Harris replaced it with Isis Lock, a broad lock to allow Thames barges in and out of the Oxford Canal Company's Worcester Street wharves. Isis Lock was rebuilt as a narrow lock in 1844.

## Gallery

* The Oxford Canal, approaching Isis Lock with narrowboats moored by the canal.
* View of Isis Lock and the footbridge.
* Isis Lock, looking towards the river. The raised bricks facilitate the opening of the lock gate in wet weather.
* Isis Lock Looking over the lock gate and under the bridge, towards the southern part of the Oxford Canal.
* Isis Lock and the footbridge.
* Looking over the lock gate.
* Winding hole at Isis Lock.
* Footbridge by Isis Lock.
# Monica Mondardini

Monica Mondardini (Cesena, 26 September 1960) is an Italian emanager, currently chief executive officer of the CIR Group (Compagnie Industriali Riunite) and of its subsidiary Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso.

## Biography

A graduate in Statistical and Economic Sciences from the University of Bologna, she began her managerial career in the publishing sector in 1985 in the Fabbri Group, taking part in an international development project. In 1990 she joined Hachette (Lagardère group) as Director of the Spanish branch of Hachette Livre; subsequently she was appointed Director of the international branch with headquarters in Paris and also became a member of the executive committee of Hachette Livre.
In 1998 she joined the Assicurazioni Generali group as chief executive officer of Europ Assistance in Paris. Two years later she returned to Italy to head up the Planning and Control Service of the general management of Generali in Trieste. In 2001 she moved to Madrid to take up the position of chief executive of Generali España.
On December 1, 2008, she became chief executive officer of Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso, one of the main publishing groups in Italy. Under her leadership, despite the difficult economic situation in the sector, Espresso is one of the few publishing houses in Italy to be profitable. On May 20, 2010, she was elected to the Board of the French bank Crédit Agricole. In 2012 she was appointed chief executive officer of CIR Group (Compagnie Industriali Riunite), the holding company that controls Gruppo Editoriale L’Espresso, Sogefi and KOS. In 2015 she became Chairman of Sogefi.

## Other activities

* Atlantia, Member of the Board of Directors
* Hera Group, Non-Executive Independent Member of the Board of Directors

## Honours

* In 2014 she received the Italian personality of the year award from the French Embassy and Chamber of Commerce in Italy.
* The 12 May 2016 she received the Legion of Honour of the French Republic
# 1995 Lazio regional election

The Lazio regional election of 1995 took place on 23 April 1995.
For the first time the President of the Region was directly elected by the people, although the election was not yet binding and the President-elect could have been replaced during the term.
Piero Badaloni (an independent close to the Italian People's Party) was elected President of the region, defeating Alberto Michelini (Forza Italia) by a narrow margin.

## Results

23 April 1995 Lazio regional election results :
| Candidates | Candidates | Votes | % | Seats | Parties | Parties | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Piero Badaloni | 1,582,897 | 48.14 | 12 |
| | Piero Badaloni | 1,582,897 | 48.14 | 12 | | Democratic Party of the Left | 763,077 | 27.24 | 14 |
| | Piero Badaloni | 1,582,897 | 48.14 | 12 | | Communist Refoundation Party | 258,336 | 9.22 | 4 |
| | Piero Badaloni | 1,582,897 | 48.14 | 12 | | Populars–Pact of Democrats–Liberals | 167,518 | 5.98 | 3 |
| | Piero Badaloni | 1,582,897 | 48.14 | 12 | | Federation of the Greens | 100,211 | 3.58 | 2 |
| | Piero Badaloni | 1,582,897 | 48.14 | 12 | | Italian Republican Party | 31,355 | 1.12 | 1 |
| | Piero Badaloni | 1,582,897 | 48.14 | 12 | | Italian Democratic Socialist Party–Labour Federation | 30,823 | 1.10 | 1 |
| | Piero Badaloni | 1,582,897 | 48.14 | 12 | | Federal Italy League | 13,516 | 0.48 | – |
| | Piero Badaloni | 1,582,897 | 48.14 | 12 | Total | Total | 1,364,836 | 48.72 | 25 |
| | Alberto Michelini | 1,577,521 | 47.97 | – |
| | Alberto Michelini | 1,577,521 | 47.97 | – | | National Alliance | 687,061 | 24.52 | 12 |
| | Alberto Michelini | 1,577,521 | 47.97 | – | | Forza Italia – The People's Pole | 530,860 | 18.95 | 9 |
| | Alberto Michelini | 1,577,521 | 47.97 | – | | Christian Democratic Centre | 117,329 | 4.19 | 2 |
| | Alberto Michelini | 1,577,521 | 47.97 | – | Total | Total | 1,335,250 | 47.66 | 23 |
| | Primo Mastrantoni | 73,654 | 2.24 | – |
| | Primo Mastrantoni | 73,654 | 2.24 | – | | Pannella List | 35,536 | 1.27 | – |
| | Primo Mastrantoni | 73,654 | 2.24 | – | | The Left of Freedoms | 14,785 | 0.53 | – |
| | Primo Mastrantoni | 73,654 | 2.24 | – | | Federalist Greens | 13,259 | 0.47 | – |
| | Primo Mastrantoni | 73,654 | 2.24 | – | Total | Total | 63,580 | 2.27 | – |
| | Pino Rauti | 54,275 | 1.65 | – | | Tricolour Flame | 37,869 | 1.35 | – |
| Total candidates | Total candidates | 3,288,347 | 100.00 | 12 | Total parties | Total parties | 2,801,535 | 100.00 | 48 |
| Source: Ministry of the Interior ||||||||||
# Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems

The Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the University of Sistan and Baluchestan. It covers research on theory and applications of fuzzy sets and systems in the areas of foundations, pure mathematics, artificial intelligence, uncertainty modeling, and other related aspects.

## Abstracting and indexing

The Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems is abstracted and indexed in Scopus, Islamic World Science Citation Database, Science Citation Index Expanded, Mathematical Reviews, Zentralblatt MATH, and EBSCO databases. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 1.056.
# Manlot

Manlot (historically Labno Islet) is an island-barangay in northeastern Iloilo, Philippines. It is one of fourteen islands politically administered by the municipality of Carles.

## Location and geography

Manlot is a small wooded island northeast of the Panay Island coast in the Visayan Sea. It is 370 metres (400 yd) southeast of Himamylan Island and directly west of Calagnaan Island. The body of water between Calagnaan and nearby Binuluangan Island is known as the Nilidlaran Pass, which is divided into two narrow channels by Manlot. Although a part of Carles, Manlot is a quick 15 minute pumpboat ride from Estancia.
While the island belongs to the Manlot barangay, which is politically administered by Carles, Manlot island is privately owned by the Matta family.

## Natural disasters
### Typhoon Haiyan

Typhoon Haiyan (locally known as Yolanda) passed over Manlot, along with the rest of Panay, on November 8, 2013. The typhoon beached a ship on the island.
# Anacampsis diplodelta

Anacampsis diplodelta is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found in Brazil (Amazonas).
The wingspan is about 12 mm (0.47 in). The forewings are violet-grey, more purple-tinged posteriorly and with the costa broadly whitish from the base to the first blotch, and with blackish costal marks at the base and one-fifth, as well as a subcostal dot beyond the second. There are two triangular black costal blotches almost touching and extending on the costa from one-fourth to three-fourths, some white irroration between and beyond these. The stigmata are obscurely darker, with the discal approximated and the plical rather before the first discal and some white irroration around these. A transverse mark of whitish irroration is found beyond the second blotch indicating the subterminal line, the rest hardly traceable. There is also an indistinct dark fuscous marginal streak around the apex and termen. The hindwings are dark fuscous.
# National Council on Problem Gambling (Singapore)

The National Council on Problem Gambling (NCPG) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Social and Family Development of the Government of Singapore. It was established on 31 August 2005 to address problem gambling, following the government's decision to legalise casino gambling and build two integrated resorts at Marina Bay and Sentosa.
The council is chaired by Sim Gim Guan and has 17 members.
One of the main tasks of NCPG is to promote public awareness on problem gambling. In January 2006, a TV series Bet Your Life was launched to examine problem gambling and its effects on families and society. A fund of S$150,000 was also set aside for public education programmes initiated by voluntary welfare organisations.
To counsel and help compulsive gamblers, two hotlines are set up by the Institute of Mental Health (IMH) and Thye Hua Kwan Moral Society.
In 2014, during an investigation of Tiong Bahru Football Club, which operated a slot machine room, public attention was focused on gambling inside registered societies who have slot machines. Access to such slot machines is viewed as a backdoor to gambling addicts who are banned via NCPG as their access to such societies are not banned.
In 2017, only 24 out of 93 private clubs are in the exclusion list by the NCPG.
# Matchpoint (game show)

Matchpoint is a British game show that aired on BBC1 from 17 April to 14 June 1990. It is hosted by Angela Rippon.

## Format

On each edition, two teams of two contestants compete for a place in the quarterfinals by answering questions. For each correct answer they would score the points as in a tennis match e.g. 15,30,40,Game. Each programme was played by the best of 3 'Sets' and the team who won 2 sets won the show and moved onto the quarterfinals while the losing team went away with a bottle of champagne and a punnet of strawberries.
The prize for the winning team at the end was a trip to that year's Wimbledon event.
# Montagnes

Montagnes may refer to:

## France

Communes:
* Ferrals-les-Montagnes, in the Hérault Department
* Riom-ès-Montagnes, in the Cantal Department
* Saint-Affrique-les-Montagnes, in the Tarn Department
* Viviers-lès-Montagnes, in the Tarn Department

## Ivory Coast

* Montagnes District, a first-level administrative subdivision
* Dix-Huit Montagnes Region, a defunct first-level administrative subdivision
# Abecedarian hymn

An abecedarian hymn is a hymn that begins with the letter A, and each verse or clause following begins with the next letter of the alphabet.
The abecedarian hymn Altus Prosator is used on All Saints Day. Other such hymns include A patre unigenitus, Carmen paschale and Archangelum mirum magnum.