OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gurap

Gurap is a village in Dhaniakhali CD block in Chinsurah subdivision of Hooghly district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

The area is composed of flat alluvial plains that form a part of the Gangetic Delta.

### Police station

Gurap police station has jurisdiction over a part of Dhaniakhali CD block.

### Urbanisation

In Chandannagore subdivision 58.52% of the population is rural and the urban population is 41.48%. Chandannagore subdivision has 1 municipal corporation, 3 municipalities and 7 census towns. The single municipal corporation is Chandernagore Municipal Corporation. The municipalities are Tarakeswar Municipality, Bhadreswar Municipality and Champdany Municipality. Of the three CD Blocks in Chandannagore subdivision, Tarakeswar CD Block is wholly rural, Haripal CD Block is predominantly rural with just 1 census town, and Singur CD Block is slightly less rural with 6 census towns. Polba Dadpur and Dhaniakhali CD Blocks of Chinsurah subdivision (included in the map alongside) are wholly rural. The municipal areas are industrialised. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Gurap had a total population of 7,856 of which 3,880 (49%) were males and 3,976 (51%) were females. Population below 6 years was 748. The total number of literates in Gurap was 5,126 (72.12% of the population over 6 years).

## Transport

Gurap railway station is situated on the Howrah-Bardhaman chord.
The Kolkata-Agra National Highway 19/Durgapur Expressway passes through Gurap.

## Culture

David J. McCutchion mentions the Nandadulala temple (1751) at Gurap as a standard atchala temple with porch on triple archway having leafy swathes. He mentions the dol-mancha (18th century) near the Nandadulala temple as having rich terracotta. There are porches on neo classical pillars later attached to the atchala.
The temple of Nandadulala at Gurap (at Sr No S-WB-63) is included in the List of State Protected Monuments in West Bengal by the Archaeological Survey of India.
* Nandadulala temple
* Terracota decoration on the wall of Nanadulala temple
* Jora Shiva Temple
* Pancharatna Shiva Temple
# Lower Hutt War Memorial Library

41°12′44″S 174°54′03″E﻿ / ﻿41.212238°S 174.900874°E﻿ / -41.212238; 174.900874
The Lower Hutt War Memorial Library is a building in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, that houses that city's central library. The public library system of the city of Lower Hutt identifies the library collection within the building as the "War Memorial Library".
John William Andrews, the Mayor of Lower Hutt from 1933 to 1947, initiated planning for a civic complex in Lower Hutt. His successor Percy Dowse, who was mayor from 1950 to 1970, oversaw the implementation of the various projects.
The library building was constructed from 1952 to 1956. It typifies many of the community projects completed in New Zealand as memorials after World War II (1939–1945), in contrast to the statues and cenotaphs more commonly erected following World War I (1914–1918). It was part of a town planning concept that resulted in four civic buildings adjacent to Riddiford Park: a church (St James's Church), a library, a town hall complex, and a horticultural hall. Ron Muston was the designer for St James's Church, which opened in 1953, and he was commissioned to design the library in a style complementary to the church. The library opened in 1956 at a cost of NZ£200,000, double its initial cost estimate.
Distinctive features of the library building include murals by artist Leonard Mitchell – 'Their Sacrifice', 'Preserved Freedom' and 'Human Endeavour'.
On 13 June 2003, the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (now known as Heritage New Zealand) added the Lower Hutt Civic Centre Historic Area to the historic areas register of the Wellington Region, with registration number 7520.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Library Highlights". Lower Hutt Library. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
* 1 2 "War Memorial Building". Hutt City Libraries. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
* 1 2 "Lower Hutt Civic Centre Historic Area". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
* ↑ Stocker, Mark (30 October 2012). "Mitchell, Victor Leonard William". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 8 April 2012. In 1956 Mitchell executed his most ambitious commission, three canvas murals at the War Memorial Library, Lower Hutt: 'Their sacrifice', 'Preserved freedom' and 'Human endeavour'. A potent monument to post-war civic pride, the third painting, almost nine metres wide, contains 50 life-sized figures representing different aspects of human endeavour, including education, music, farming and commerce.
# 1999 European Athletics U23 Championships – Men's 5000 metres

The men's 5000 metres event at the 1999 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Göteborg, Sweden, at Ullevi on 1 August 1999.

## Medalists

| Gold | Youssef El Nasri Spain |
| Silver | Marius Bakken Norway |
| Bronze | Marco Mazza Italy |

## Results
### Final

1 August
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Youssef El Nasri | Spain | 13:30.48 | CR |
| | Marius Bakken | Norway | 13:31.53 | |
| | Marco Mazza | Italy | 13:47.17 | |
| 4 | Janne Holmén | Finland | 13:53.12 | |
| 5 | Sebastian Hallmann | Germany | 13:56.87 | |
| 6 | Sam Haughian | Great Britain | 13:57.51 | |
| 7 | Adrian Maghiar | Romania | 13:59.48 | |
| 8 | Dmitry Baranovskiy | Ukraine | 13:59.55 | |
| 9 | Adónis Papadónis | Greece | 14:01.41 | |
| 10 | Ernesto Limon | Spain | 14:08.36 | |
| 11 | Mark Miles | Great Britain | 14:19.53 | |
| 12 | Mario Kröckert | Germany | 14:19.68 | |
| 13 | Alexander Lubina | Germany | 14:21.22 | |
| 14 | Jussi Utriainen | Finland | 14:22.37 | |
| | Ovidiu Tat | Romania | DNF | |
| | Khalid Zoubaa | France | DNF | |
| | Christophe Rovello | France | DNF | |
| | Bouabdallah Tahri | France | DNF | |
| | Pablo Villalobos | Spain | DNF | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.
* Finland (2)
* France (3)
* Germany (3)
* Great Britain (2)
* Greece (1)
* Italy (1)
* Norway (1)
* Romania (2)
* Spain (3)
* Ukraine (1)
# Luckyn

Luckyn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* William Luckyn (disambiguation)
* Capel Luckyn (1622–1680), English politician
* Luckyn Baronets
# 19th-Century Music

19th-Century Music is a triennial academic journal that "covers all aspects of Western art music composed in, leading to, or pointing beyond the "long century" extending roughly from the 1780s to the 1930s." It is published by the University of California Press and was established in 1977. The editor-in-chief is Lawrence Kramer.
The journal covers very diverse topics ranging from music of any type or origin to issues of composition, performance, social and cultural context, hermeneutics, aesthetics, music theory, analysis, documentation, gender, sexuality, history, and historiography.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is indexed in:
* Scopus
* Arts and Humanities Citation Index
* Current Contents/Arts & Humanities
* EBSCO databases
* ProQuest databases
# Cascade Falls (Linn County, Oregon)

Cascade Falls is a waterfall from the Quartzville Creek in Linn County, Oregon. The waterfall is known for being a point for river rafting through the Quartzville corridor and is the centerpiece attraction of the Dogwood Recreation Site.
# Caspar CLE 12

The Caspar CLE 12 was an airliner built in Germany in the early 1920s.

## Development

Only one CLE 12 was built, and it took part in the International Air Exhibition in Gothenburg (Sweden) in July 1923.

## Specifications

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Capacity: 8 passengers
* Length: 11.25 m (36 ft 11 in)
* Wingspan: 20.00 m (65 ft 7 in)
* Height: 3.50 m (11 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 53.40 m$^2$ (574.8 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,750 kg (3,858 lb)
* Gross weight: 2,850 kg (6,283 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Maybach Mb IVa 6-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engine, 190 kW (260 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 160 km/h (99 mph, 86 kn)
* Cruise speed: 145 km/h (90 mph, 78 kn)
* Endurance: 4.20 hours
* Service ceiling: 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
# Gurumurthy

Gurumurthy or Guru-Murthy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dilip Gurumurthy (born 1956), Indian basketball player
* Geeta Guru-Murthy, British television journalist
* Krishnan Guru-Murthy (born 1970), British journalist
* Swaminathan Gurumurthy (born 1949), Indian magazine editor
# Castiglione delle Stiviere

Castiglione delle Stiviere (Upper Mantovano: Castiù) is a town and comune in the province of Mantua, in Lombardy, Italy, 30 kilometres (19 miles) northwest of Mantua by road.

## History

The town's castle was home to a cadet branch of the House of Gonzaga, headed by the Marquis of Castiglione. Saint Aloysius Gonzaga (1568–1591) was born there as heir to the marquisate, but became a Jesuit. He died tending plague victims in Rome and was buried there, but his head was later translated to the basilica in Castiglione which bears his name.
During the War of the Spanish Succession, the French under the duc de Vendôme occupied the town. In 1706, in the first Battle of Castiglione a French army under Jacques Eléonor Rouxel de Grancey defeated here a Hessian army led by Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.
During the siege of Mantua in 1796, the Austrians under Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser were defeated here in the second Battle of Castiglione by the revolutionary French army under General Augereau, later Marshal of France, who in 1808 was created Duke of Castiglione by Emperor Napoleon I, a hereditary victory title (so there never was an actual territorial duchy attached to it) extinguished in 1915.
Castiglione received the honorary title of city by presidential decree on 18 October 2001.

## Main sights

It has an old castle, much altered and restored, especially by the Gonzaga family of Mantua in the 16th century.
The Fountain of Domenica Calubina is a small hexagonal fountain in the piazza Dallò in the center of the town.
Castiglione is the birthplace of the International Red Cross, which was established by Henri Dunant during the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino in 1859. There is a museum in the center of the town dedicated to the IRC.

## International relations

Castiglione delle Stiviere is twinned with:
* Barentin, France
* Leutkirch im Allgäu, Germany, since 1995
* Monteprandone, Italy
# Gulab Singh Lodhi

Gulab Singh Lodhi was a revolutionary who participated in the Indian independence movement. Memorial of Amar Shaheed Gulab Singh Lodhi is at "Jhande Wala Park" in Lucknow.

## Life

Gulab Singh Lodhi was born in the year 1903 at village named (Chandika Khera) Fatehpur Chaurasi, Unnao district in Uttar Pradesh. He was born in a Lodhi Rajput family. His father, Thakur Ram Ratan Singh Lodhi, was a farmer. Little is known about his childhood. He grew up in the turbulent era when the fervor of the freedom movement was at its peak. Lodhi took active part in the political activities against the British rule.
Gulab Singh Lodhi participated in a procession at Lucknow which marched to the Aminabad Park for hoisting the tri–colour in August 1935. The park was surrounded by British troops in order to prevent the hoisting of the flag. Gulab Singh Lodhi defied the show of armed force and climbed a tree with the Tricolour. As he was hoisting the flag atop the tree, he was shot dead by a British officer in August 1935. He died at Jhandewala Park in Aminabad, Lucknow.

## Legacy

Indian government issued a postal stamp in honour of 'Gulab Singh Lodhi' on December 23 of the year 2013.
A statue of him was erected in the park in 2004 but by 2009 was in a state of disrepair.
# Gungahlin Place

Gungahlin Place is a transport interchange in Gungahlin Town Centre. It is the northern terminus of the Canberra Metro R1 Civic to Gungahlin line and is an important connection point between light rail and bus transport. The current bus interchange opened on 21 April 2018. Despite the station being named Gungahlin Place, the light rail platforms are actually located on a section of Hibberson Street that has been closed to road traffic. Light rail service began in April 2019.
As the northern terminus of Canberra Metro's R1 route, Gungahlin Place is the second busiest light rail station on the network, with 20% of all passengers boarding or alighting a service here in the first 10 months of operation.

## Services
### Light rail

The light rail platforms are arranged to allow access to the vehicles from doors on both sides. This allows separation of passengers who are alighting and those waiting to board. During peak times both sets of platforms may be used and there is a crossover to allow arriving or departing light rail vehicles to switch between tracks. On the shoulder of peak hour, some services from Gungahlin Place terminate at Sandford Street when returning to the depot in Mitchell.
| Line | Destinations | Notes |
| R1 | Alinga Street | |
| R1 | Sandford Street*, Alinga Street | *Limited peak hours services only |

### Bus services

Gungahlin Place serves as the terminus for the R8 Rapid route between Belconnen and Gungahlin, as well as many local routes, most which operate as bi-directional loops, each connecting several suburbs within the district. There are currently 4 bus platforms in use.
| Route number | Commences | Terminates |
| R8 | Belconnen (Cohen Street) | Terminus |
| 18 | Terminus | Gungahlin Place via Franklin, Harrison and Mitchell |
| 19 | Terminus | Gungahlin Place via Forde, Bonner and Amaroo |
| 20 | Terminus | Gungahlin Place via Amaroo Bonner and Forde |
| 21 | Terminus | Gungahlin Place via Palmerston, Harrison and Throsby |
| 22 | Terminus | Gungahlin Place via Throsby, Harrison and Palmerston |
| 23 | Terminus | Gungahlin Place via Crace, Gold Creek and Nicholls |
| 24 | Terminus | Gungahlin Place via Nicholls, Gold Creek and Crace |
| 25 | Terminus | Gungahlin Place via Amaroo, Taylor and Casey |
| 26 | Terminus | Gungahlin Place via Casey, Taylor and Amaroo |
| 27 | Casey Market Town via Moncrieff | Gungahlin (Valley Av) |
| 28 | Casey Market Town via Casey | Gungahlin (Valley Av) |
# Catharina Peeters

Catharina Peeters (1615 – 1676) was the sister of Bonaventuur Peeters, Jan Peeters I, and Gillis Peeters. They were all Flemish Baroque painters noted for painting seascapes.
Few details of her life are known. According to the RKD, she was taught to paint by her brothers. She is mentioned in Cornelis de Bie's book on painters in his chapter on noteworthy female painters. She is mentioned in Van der Aa as a fruit painter who was possibly the same person as Clara Peeters. Whether the two women were related is unknown.
# Gulf of Carpentaria Marine Park

The Gulf of Carpentaria Marine Park (formerly known as the Gulf of Carpentaria Commonwealth Marine Reserve) is an Australian marine park in the Gulf of Carpentaria, offshore of Queensland and north of Mornington Island. The marine park covers an area of 23,771 km$^2$ (9,178 sq mi) and is assigned IUCN category VI. It is one of 8 parks managed under the North Marine Parks Network.

## Conservation values
### Species and habitat

* Important resting area for turtles between egg laying (internesting area), for the threatened: flatback turtle and green turtle.
* Important foraging habitat for breeding aggregations of the: migratory brown booby, migratory lesser frigatebird, migratory roseate tern, listed marine crested tern.

### Bioregions and ecology

* Examples of the ecosystems of the Northern Shelf Province provincial bioregion (including the Carpentaria, Karumba-Nassau and Wellesley meso-scale bioregions).
* Gulf of Carpentaria coastal zone (high productivity; biodiversity and endemism; aggregations of marine life).
* Gulf of Carpentaria basin (biodiversity; aggregations of marine life).
* Plateau and saddle north-west of the Wellesley Islands (biodiversity and endemism; high aggregations of marine life).
* Submerged coral reefs of the Gulf of Carpentaria (biodiversity and endemism; high aggregations of marine life).

## History

The marine park was proclaimed under the EPBC Act on 14 December 2013 and renamed Gulf of Carpentaria Marine Park on 9 October 2017. The management plan and protection measures of the marine park came into effect for the first time on 1 July 2018.

## Summary of protection zones

The Gulf of Carpentaria Marine Park has been assigned IUCN protected area category VI. However, within the marine park there are two protection zones, each zone has an IUCN category and related rules for managing activities to ensure the protection of marine habitats and species.
The following table is a summary of the zoning rules within the Gulf of Carpentaria Marine Park:
| Zone | IUCN | Activities permitted | Activities permitted | Activities permitted | Activities permitted | Activities permitted | Activities permitted | Total area (km$^2$) |
| Zone | IUCN | Vessel transiting | Recreational fishing | Commercial fishing | Commercial aquaculture | Commercial tourism | Mining | Total area (km$^2$) |
| National Park | II | Yes | No | No | No | excludes fishing, with approval | No | 3,623 |
| Special Purpose (Trawl) | VI | Yes | Yes | excluding longline, with approval | with approval | with approval | with approval | 20,148 |
| External link: Zoning and rules for the North Marine Parks Network |||||||||
# Lowertown Historic District

Lowertown Historic District can refer to:
* Lowertown Historic District (Lockport, New York)
* Lowertown Historic District (St. Paul, Minnesota)
# Castle of Peñaranda de Duero

The castle of Peñaranda de Duero, located in Peñaranda de Duero, Spain, is a well preserved Gothic castle in Burgos province. The castle originally dates from the 10th century but reforms by Counts of Miranda del Castañar in the 15th century changed much of the building. Today the castle stands at the start of a defensive wall that formerly surrounded the town, of which only the crenellated arch of "Las Monjas" still stands.
The castle was an important point on the fortified line which existed between the medieval Christian Kingdom of Castile and the Moor state of Al Andalus during the 10th century. The castle is a narrow walled precinct, with a four story keep rising from the center. The keep features a rooftop terrace, battlements, a gallery of machiolations, and three additional square towers, two of which flank the ogival arch that marks the entrance. The walls are solid stone ashlar stone, although much of the keep features decorative wooden beams.
Today, the Castle of Peñaranda de Duero serves as one of the many historical monuments and tourist attractions in the area. Tourists are charged a small admission fee between 1 and 2 euros for entry.
# Lucilia (plant)

Lucilia is a genus of South American flowering plants in the tribe Gnaphalieae within the family Asteraceae.

## Species

The following species are recognised:
* Lucilia acutifolia Cass.
* Lucilia conoidea Wedd.
* Lucilia ferruginea Baker
* Lucilia kunthiana (DC.) Zardini
* Lucilia linearifolia Baker
* Lucilia lycopodioides (Less.) S.E.Freire
* Lucilia nitens Less.
* Lucilia recurva Wedd.
* Lucilia saxatilis V.M.Badillo
* Lucilia tomentosa Wedd.
# Catocala amica

Catocala amica, the girlfriend underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1818. It is found from southern Canada (Ontario and Quebec) through the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, ranging westward to Oklahoma and Arizona, northward to Minnesota and southwestward to Texas.

## Description and ecology

The wingspan of adults is 35–40 mm. They are generally easy to recognize by the cryptically patterned forewings, the yellow background color of their hindwings, and the black pattern on the latter. This consists of a black band along the outer edge, save for the hindmost part where a separate black dot is found. Forewing hue varies a lot, but similar sympatric species usually have an additional black band running across the central hindwings. Unlike in many (but not all) other underwing moths, their tibiae are all spineless.
Adults are on the wing from June to September depending on the location; they are often attracted to UV light at night. The caterpillars feed on oak (Quercus) species, including.
Of section Quercus
* Bur oak (Q. macrocarpa)
* Chestnut oak (Q. prinus)
* Dwarf chinkapin oak (Q. prinoides)
* Post oak (Q. stellata)
* Swamp white oak (Q. bicolor)
* White oak (Q. alba)
Of section Lobatae
* Bear oak (Q. ilicifolia)
* Eastern black oak (Q. velutina)
* Northern red oak (Q. rubra)
* Scarlet oak (Q. coccinea)

## Classification

This moth is placed in the subfamily Catocalinae, either of the owlet moth family, Noctuidae, or – if the Noctuidae are circumscribed more strictly – of family Erebidae. Within the Catocalinae, it belongs to tribe Catocalini and – if the Noctuidae are circumscribed widely – subtribe Catocalina.
The former subspecies C. a. lineella, which occurs to the north and east of the girlfriend underwing, is now again considered to be a valid species Catocala lineella (little lined underwing or steely underwing).
C. amica is the type species of Corisce, initially proposed to be a distinct genus. Given that phylogeny and monophyly of Catocala in its present circumscription are unresolved, and that the girlfriend underwing and its closest relatives look quite different from their supposed congeners, Corisce might ultimately be revalidated. However, C. amica closely resembles other more usually-colored Catocala in possessing no spines at all on the tibiae.

## Footnotes

* ↑ See references in Savela
* 1 2 Nelson & Loy (1983)
* ↑ Nelson & Loy (1983), Pitkin & Jenkins (2004)
# Cloetta (disambiguation)

Cloetta or Cloëtta may refer to:
* Cloetta, Swedish company
* Cloëtta Prize, Swiss biomedical distinction
* Cloetta Center, former name of the Saab Arena
# George Charles (disambiguation)

George Charles is a Saint Lucian politician.
George Charles may also refer to:
* George Charles of Hesse-Kassel (1691–1755)
* George Frederick Charles, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1688–1735), German prince
# Council for the United States and Italy

The Council for the United States and Italy (CONSIUSA) is a non-profit organization founded in 1983 whose purpose is to foster better ties between the United States and Italy, with a focus on economy and finance. David Rockefeller and Gianni Agnelli are among its founding members. Robert Agostinelli was former Vice-Chairman of the Council for the United States & Italy.
The Council for the United States and Italy created the Young Leaders Program in 1984; it is the Council’s oldest and most regular program.
Notable individuals who are Young Leader Program alumni:
# Pettygrove Park

Pettygrove Park is a city park in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. It is the second park in a series of urban open spaces designed by American landscape architect Lawrence Halprin in the South Auditorium District urban renewal area. The soft mounds of landscaping are responsible for the park's nickname of 'Mae West Park'.

## Description and history

Pettygrove Park is bounded on all sides by pedestrian malls, which connect to other parks, including Keller Fountain Park and Lovejoy Plaza. The park is characterized by a dense tree canopy which shades a core of internal asphalt pathways pivoting along grassy berms and basalt stone walls. At the southeast corner of the park, a reflecting pool and sculpture serve as a focal point for pedestrians. The sculpture, called The Dreamer, was designed by Manuel Izquierdo and commissioned by the Portland Development Commission in 1979.
The park was named for Francis Pettygrove, one of the early settlers of the Portland townsite. The same coin used by Pettygrove and settler Asa Lovejoy to determine whether the city would be named Portland or Boston was flipped to determine which park in the open-space sequence would be Lovejoy and which would be Pettygrove.