# 2018 German Open (table tennis)

The 2018 German Open was the third event of the 2018 ITTF World Tour. It was the second of six top-tier Platinum events on the tour, and took place from 22–25 March in Bremen, Germany.
China's Ma Long won the men's singles title for a fifth time, making him the most successful player in the tournament's history.

## Men's singles
### Seeds

* Dimitrij Ovtcharov (first round, retired)
* Timo Boll (quarterfinals)
* Xu Xin (final)
* Koki Niwa (second round)
* Ma Long (champion)
* Wong Chun Ting (semifinals)
* Simon Gauzy (quarterfinals)
* Tomokazu Harimoto (first round)
* Marcos Freitas (second round)
* Chuang Chih-yuan (second round)
* Jun Mizutani (second round)
* Lee Sang-su (second round)
* Hugo Calderano (first round)
* Omar Assar (first round)
* Yuya Oshima (first round)
* Kristian Karlsson (quarterfinals)

### Draw
#### Top half

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| 1 | Dimitrij Ovtcharov | 6 | 11 | 10 | 1 | ret | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Patrick Franziska | 11 | 7 | 12 | 5 | | | | | Patrick Franziska | 11 | 9 | 7 | 15 | 13 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Masaki Yoshida | 11 | 4 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 9 | Marcos Freitas | 9 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Marcos Freitas | 9 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | Patrick Franziska | 11 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | |
| 16 | Kristian Karlsson | 5 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | 16 | Kristian Karlsson | 9 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ricardo Walther | 11 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 9 | 9 | | 16 | Kristian Karlsson | 14 | 11 | 15 | 8 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ruwen Filus | 11 | 7 | 14 | 8 | 11 | 11 | | | Ruwen Filus | 12 | 5 | 13 | 11 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 8 | Tomokazu Harimoto | 5 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Patrick Franziska | 11 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 5 | 7 |
| 7 | Simon Gauzy | 11 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | Xu Xin | 9 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 11 |
| | Andrej Gaćina | 3 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 11 | 5 | 7 | Simon Gauzy | 11 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 6 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ho Kwan Kit | 11 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 12 | | | | Ho Kwan Kit | 7 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 14 | Omar Assar | 6 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | 7 | Simon Gauzy | 12 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 3 | 7 | | | | | | | | |
| 15 | Yuya Oshima | 10 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 8 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | Xu Xin | 10 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | |
| | Jung Young-sik | 12 | 4 | 11 | 1 | 11 | 11 | | | Jung Young-sik | 5 | 5 | 8 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jakub Dyjas | 5 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 11 | 5 | | 3 | Xu Xin | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Xu Xin | 11 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Bottom half

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| 4 | Koki Niwa | 11 | 11 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jin Ueda | 8 | 6 | 11 | 5 | 11 | 6 | 4 | Koki Niwa | 8 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Mattias Karlsson | 13 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | | Mattias Karlsson | 11 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 13 | Hugo Calderano | 11 | 11 | 8 | 12 | 6 | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | Mattias Karlsson | 10 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 9 | | | | | | | | |
| 12 | Lee Sang-su | 12 | 11 | 7 | 13 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | 6 | Wong Chun Ting | 12 | 13 | 11 | 5 | 11 | | | | | | | | |
| | Kirill Skachkov | 10 | 3 | 11 | 11 | 3 | | 12 | Lee Sang-su | 7 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jeong Sang-eun | 5 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 6 | Wong Chun Ting | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Wong Chun Ting | 11 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6 | Wong Chun Ting | 4 | 11 | 2 | 11 | 11 | 9 |
| 5 | Ma Long | 11 | 11 | 11 | 14 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | Ma Long | 11 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 11 |
| | Maharu Yoshimura | 6 | 7 | 5 | 12 | | | 5 | Ma Long | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jonathan Groth | 3 | 7 | 8 | 7 | | | 11 | Jun Mizutani | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 11 | Jun Mizutani | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | Ma Long | 11 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 17 | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | Chuang Chih-yuan | 4 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Timo Boll | 7 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 15 | | | | | | | | |
| | Liao Cheng-ting | 11 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 8 | | 10 | Chuang Chih-yuan | 3 | 11 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 11 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | An Jae-hyun | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | | | 2 | Timo Boll | 11 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Timo Boll | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Finals

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| | Patrick Franziska | 11 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 5 | 7 | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Xu Xin | 9 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 3 | Xu Xin | 9 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 6 |
| 6 | Wong Chun Ting | 4 | 11 | 2 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 5 | Ma Long | 11 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| 5 | Ma Long | 11 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 11 | | | | | | | |

## Women's singles
### Seeds

* Feng Tianwei (semifinals)
* Kasumi Ishikawa (champion)
* Mima Ito (second round)
* Miu Hirano (second round)
* Cheng I-ching (semifinals)
* Doo Hoi Kem (first round)
* Li Jie (first round)
* Chen Szu-yu (first round)
* Chen Xingtong (second round)
* Lee Ho Ching (first round)
* Hina Hayata (first round)
* Miyu Kato (first round)
* Sakura Mori (first round)
* Seo Hyo-won (final)
* Han Ying (second round)
* Sabine Winter (first round)

### Draw
#### Top half

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| 1 | Feng Tianwei | 11 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Satsuki Odo | 9 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 12 | 4 | | 1 | Feng Tianwei | 8 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Huang Yingqi | 11 | 13 | 3 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 11 | | Huang Yingqi | 11 | 3 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 9 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 12 | Miyu Kato | 8 | 11 | 11 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Feng Tianwei | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 16 | Sabine Winter | 11 | 9 | 6 | 13 | 9 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | Jeon Ji-hee | 10 | 9 | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jeon Ji-hee | 5 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | Jeon Ji-hee | 10 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Sofia Polcanova | 12 | 11 | 17 | 11 | | | | | Sofia Polcanova | 12 | 14 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 7 | Li Jie | 10 | 2 | 15 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Feng Tianwei | 11 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 5 |
| 8 | Chen Szu-yu | 14 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 14 | Seo Hyo-won | 3 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 11 |
| | Yang Ha-eun | 16 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 9 | 11 | | Yang Ha-eun | 11 | 12 | 11 | 14 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Zhang Mo | 6 | 7 | 14 | 9 | | | | 15 | Han Ying | 3 | 10 | 9 | 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 15 | Han Ying | 11 | 11 | 16 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yang Ha-eun | 6 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 7 | | | | | | | | |
| 14 | Seo Hyo-won | 8 | 14 | 6 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | 14 | Seo Hyo-won | 11 | 12 | 3 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 11 | | | | | | | | |
| | Cheng Hsien-tzu | 11 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 14 | Seo Hyo-won | 11 | 11 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Honoka Hashimoto | 6 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 14 | | | 4 | Miu Hirano | 8 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 11 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Miu Hirano | 11 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Bottom half

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| 3 | Mima Ito | 11 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Britt Eerland | 8 | 7 | 11 | 10 | 8 | | 3 | Mima Ito | 11 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Sun Yingsha | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | Sun Yingsha | 7 | 11 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 10 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | Lee Ho Ching | 8 | 7 | 8 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sun Yingsha | 11 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 9 | 8 | | | | | | | | | |
| 11 | Hina Hayata | 9 | 4 | 9 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | Cheng I-ching | 3 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Wen Jia | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | Wen Jia | 8 | 12 | 7 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Saki Shibata | 3 | 11 | 11 | 7 | 9 | | 5 | Cheng I-ching | 11 | 14 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Cheng I-ching | 11 | 3 | 13 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | Cheng I-ching | 5 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 6 |
| 6 | Doo Hoi Kem | 7 | 11 | 6 | 8 | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Kasumi Ishikawa | 11 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 |
| | Fan Siqi | 11 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | Fan Siqi | 4 | 7 | 7 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Wu Yang | 11 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 12 | | Wu Yang | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 13 | Sakura Mori | 9 | 8 | 15 | 5 | 11 | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | Wu Yang | 12 | 11 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Chen Xingtong | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Kasumi Ishikawa | 14 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 11 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Mu Zi | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | | | 9 | Chen Xingtong | 9 | 8 | 18 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Hitomi Sato | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | | | 2 | Kasumi Ishikawa | 11 | 11 | 20 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Kasumi Ishikawa | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Finals

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Feng Tianwei | 11 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 5 | | | | | | | | |
| 14 | Seo Hyo-won | 3 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 11 | | 14 | Seo Hyo-won | 9 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 6 |
| 5 | Cheng I-ching | 5 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 2 | Kasumi Ishikawa | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| 2 | Kasumi Ishikawa | 11 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | |

## Men's doubles
### Seeds

* Ho Kwan Kit / Wong Chun Ting (quarterfinals)
* Patrick Franziska / Jonathan Groth (quarterfinals)
* Tomokazu Harimoto / Masataka Morizono (semifinals)
* Kristian Karlsson / Mattias Karlsson (first round)
* Ma Long / Xu Xin (champions)
* Ruwen Filus / Ricardo Walther (quarterfinals)
* Jung Young-sik / Lee Sang-su (final)
* Jun Mizutani / Yuya Oshima (quarterfinals)

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Ho / Wong | 8 | 11 | 11 | 13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Calderano / Gauzy | 11 | 6 | 5 | 11 | | 1 | Ho / Wong | 7 | 7 | 11 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Amalraj / Shetty | 5 | 5 | 10 | | | 7 | Jung / Lee | 11 | 11 | 8 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 7 | Jung / Lee | 11 | 11 | 12 | | | | | | | | | | 7 | Jung / Lee | 5 | 12 | 11 | 11 | | | | | |
| 8 | Mizutani / Oshima | 11 | 12 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | 3 | Harimoto / Morizono | 11 | 10 | 9 | 9 | | | | | |
| | Ecseki / Szudi | 7 | 10 | 2 | | | 8 | Mizutani / Oshima | 13 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jang / Lim | 5 | 12 | 10 | | | 3 | Harimoto / Morizono | 11 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Harimoto / Morizono | 11 | 14 | 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7 | Jung / Lee | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 4 | K. Karlsson / M. Karlsson | 8 | 7 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | Ma / Xu | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| | Chen / Chuang | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | Chen / Chuang | 4 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Kou / Nuytinck | | | | | | 6 | Filus / Walther | 11 | 9 | 11 | 4 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Filus / Walther | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | | | Chen / Chuang | 6 | 4 | 3 | | | | | | |
| 5 | Ma / Xu | 7 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | 5 | Ma / Xu | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | |
| | Liao / Lin | 11 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 7 | 5 | Ma / Xu | 11 | 8 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Pletea / Szőcs | 6 | 8 | 9 | | | 2 | Franziska / Groth | 9 | 11 | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Franziska / Groth | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Women's doubles
### Seeds

* Hina Hayata / Mima Ito (champions)
* Doo Hoi Kem / Lee Ho Ching (semifinals)
* Jeon Ji-hee / Yang Ha-eun (final)
* Matilda Ekholm / Georgina Póta (first round)
* Ng Wing Nam / Soo Wai Yam Minnie (semifinals)
* Manika Batra / Mouma Das (first round)
* Barbora Balážová / Hana Matelová (first round)
* Petrissa Solja / Sabine Winter (first round)

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Hayata / Ito | 11 | 13 | 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Xiao / Zhang | 8 | 11 | 10 | | | 1 | Hayata / Ito | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Paranang / Sawettabut | 11 | 11 | 8 | 10 | 11 | | Paranang / Sawettabut | 7 | 8 | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Batra / Das | 9 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 9 | | | | | | | 1 | Hayata / Ito | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Ng / Soo | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | 5 | Ng / Soo | 12 | 4 | 5 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| | Grzybowska-Franc / Partyka | 7 | 7 | 9 | | | 5 | Ng / Soo | 6 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Diaconu / Szőcs | 11 | 9 | 11 | 11 | | | Diaconu / Szőcs | 11 | 7 | 9 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Ekholm / Póta | 8 | 11 | 5 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Hayata / Ito | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 |
| 3 | Jeon / Yang | 12 | 11 | 7 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | Jeon / Yang | 3 | 5 | 12 | 6 |
| | Khetkhuan / Komwong | 10 | 8 | 11 | 5 | | 3 | Jeon / Yang | 11 | 11 | 9 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Monteiro Dodean / Samara | 11 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 11 | | Monteiro Dodean / Samara | 6 | 7 | 11 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 7 | Balážová / Matelová | 9 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 5 | | | | | | | 3 | Jeon / Yang | 11 | 11 | 5 | 8 | 11 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Solja / Winter | 5 | 7 | 5 | | | | | | | | | 2 | Doo / Lee | 4 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | Cheng / Liu | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | Cheng / Liu | 9 | 11 | 13 | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Han / Mittelham | 7 | 5 | 8 | | | 2 | Doo / Lee | 11 | 13 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Doo / Lee | 11 | 11 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |