OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kondo model

The Kondo model (sometimes referred to as the s-d model) is a model for a single localized quantum impurity coupled to a large reservoir of delocalized and noninteracting electrons. The quantum impurity is represented by a spin-1/2 particle, and is coupled to a continuous band of noninteracting electrons by an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling $J$. The Kondo model is used as a model for metals containing magnetic impurities, as well as quantum dot systems.

## Kondo Hamiltonian

The Kondo Hamiltonian is given by
    $H=\sum _{k\sigma }\epsilon _{\mathbf {k} }c_{\mathbf {k} \sigma }^{\dagger }c_{\mathbf {k} \sigma }-J\mathbf {S} \cdot \mathbf {s}$
where $\mathbf {S}$ is the spin-1/2 operator representing the impurity, and
    $\mathbf {s} =\sum _{k,k',\sigma ,\sigma '}c_{\mathbf {k} \sigma }^{\dagger }\mathbf {\sigma } _{\sigma ,\sigma '}c_{\mathbf {k'} \sigma '}$
is the local spin-density of the noninteracting band at the impurity site ($\mathbf {\sigma }$ are the Pauli matrices). In the Kondo problem, $J<0$, i.e. the exchange coupling is antiferromagnetic.

## Solving the Kondo Model

Jun Kondo applied third-order perturbation theory to the Kondo model and showed that the resistivity of the model diverges logarithmically as the temperature goes to zero. This explained why metal samples containing magnetic impurities have a resistance minimum (see Kondo effect). The problem of finding a solution to the Kondo model which did not contain this unphysical divergence became known as the Kondo problem.
A number of methods were used to attempt to solve the Kondo problem. Phillip Anderson devised a perturbative renormalization group method, known as Poor Man's Scaling, which involves perturbatively eliminating excitations to the edges of the noninteracting band. This method indicated that, as temperature is decreased, the effective coupling between the spin and the band, $J_{\mathrm {eff} }$, increases without limit. As this method is perturbative in J, it becomes invalid when J becomes large, so this method did not truly solve the Kondo problem, although it did hint at the way forward.
The Kondo problem was finally solved when Kenneth Wilson applied the numerical renormalization group to the Kondo model and showed that the resistivity goes to a constant as temperature goes to zero.
There are many variants of the Kondo model. For instance, the spin-1/2 can be replaced by a spin-1 or even a greater spin. The two-channel Kondo model is a variant of the Kondo model which has the spin-1/2 coupled to two independent noninteracting bands. All these models have been solved by Bethe Ansatz. One can also consider the ferromagnetic Kondo model (i.e. the standard Kondo model with J > 0).
The Kondo model is intimately related to the Anderson impurity model, as can be shown by Schrieffer–Wolff transformation.
# Kommunstyrelse

The Kommunstyrelse ("municipal board") is the executive branch of local government in each of the 290 municipalities of Sweden. The term used in the English version of the Swedish Local Government Act is municipal executive committee. But there are also other translations used by particular municipalities.
The executive committee is appointed by the municipal assembly (kommunfullmäktige).
The chairman of the committee is one of the (sometimes the only) municipal commissioners (kommunalråd) and is often considered the mayor of the municipality, although there is no official office of mayor in Sweden.
The word is also used in bilingual Finland for the Finnish term kunnanhallitus.
# Kommuri Venugopala Rao

Kommuri Venugopala Rao was an Indian novelist from Andhra Pradesh. He wrote more than 30 novels. His two novels Penkutillu and House Surgeon are well known to the Telugu readers. He was influenced by Bengali writer Sarath Chandra.

## Personal life

He was born in Vijayawada in the year 1935.

## Writings

He wrote his first novel, Penkutillu, at the age of 15 which was published in 1957. This novel is based on middle class life. House Surgeon is about a steadfast medico. Both of these books received several reprints.

## List of Novels

* Penkutillu
* House Surgeon
* Ee Desamlo Oka Bhagam
* Atma Jyoti
* Gorintaku
* Prema Nakshatram
# Konjero se Ekonjero

Konjero se Ekonjero is a settlement in Kenya's Western Province.
* This Western Province (Kenya) location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ko Hoku o Ka Pakipika

Ko Hoku o Ka Pakipika (English for "The Star of the Pacific") was a weekly Hawaiian-language newspaper that was active between 1861 and 1863. It was the first newspaper in history published in Hawaiian and by Native Hawaiians. King Kalākaua sponsored the newspaper along with other publications.
The paper tended to challenge the idea that the Native Hawaiians were uncivilized. It wrote about the threats to Hawaiian culture and the islands' native population.
# Kontos

Kontos may refer to:
* Kontos (weapon), a pole weapon
* Kontos (surname), a Greek surname
* Contus, a pike with a pointed iron at the one end.
# Nigeria at the 1968 Summer Olympics

Nigeria competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico.

## Results by event
### Boxing

Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)
* Gabriel Ogun
   * First Round — Bye
   * Second Round — Defeated Stefan Alexandrov (BUL), 4:1
   * Quarterfinals — Lost to Harlan Marbley (USA), 0:5
Men's Light Heavyweight (– 81 kg)
* Fatai Ayinla
   * First Round — Bye
   * Second Round — Defeated Enrique Villarreal (MEX), referee stopped contest
   * Quarterfinals — Lost to Ion Monea (ROU), 2:3

### Football

Group B
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Spain | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | +4 | 5 |
| Japan | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | +2 | 4 |
| Brazil | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | −1 | 2 |
| Nigeria | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 9 | −5 | 1 |
# Arne Berge

Arne Berge (29 June 1908 – 13 August 1988) was a Norwegian priest. He was seamen's priest in Hamburg during World War II, when he also worked among Scandinavian prisoners in Germany, and helped planning and carrying out the operation of the White Buses (De Hvide Busser).

## Background

Berge was born in Stavanger as the son of stereotyper Alfred Berge (1878–1962) and his wife Albertine Johanne Husebø (1879–1956). He finished his examen artium at the University of Oslo in 1928, and graduated as cand.theol. in 1934. He was assistant priest in Modum from 1935 to 1936. From 1937 to 1940 he was a priest in Oslo.

## Career

Berge was priest at the Seamen's Church (Sjømannskirken) in Hamburg during the Second World War. Berge took over the position previously held by Finn Moestue Husebye, when Huseby had to leave Hamburg because of a conflict with Nazi-friendly Norwegian settlers in Germany.
Together with his assistant priest Conrad Vogt-Svendsen he also worked among Scandinavian prisoners in Nazi Germany, making thousands of visits on behalf of the prisoners' families. They distributed large quantities of clothes and food to prisoners all over Germany. Berge and Vogt-Svendsen compiled extensive lists of prisons and prisoners, which were sent to Stockholm and later used as a basis for the White Buses operation in Spring 1945. They also passed on information on planned mass liquidation of concentration camp prisoners towards the end of the war. The Seamen's Church in Hamburg remained intact until Easter 1945, when it was destroyed in a bomb attack on Good Friday, an attack which killed the church's caretaker Oskar M. Olsen.
After the liberation of Norway, he was a priest at Ilebu prison from 1946, and priest in Horten from 1950. Berge was decorated Knight, First class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1945, for his work for prisoners in Germany. He was also awarded the Danish King Christian X's Liberty Medal.
# Hassi Mamèche District

Hassi Mamèche is a district in Mostaganem Province, Algeria. It was named after its capital, Hassi Mamèche.

## Municipalities

The district is further divided into 3 municipalities:
* Hassi Mamèche
* Stidia
* Mazagran
35°51′40″N 0°43′30″E﻿ / ﻿35.8611°N 0.7250°E﻿ / 35.8611; 0.7250
* This article about a location in Mostaganem Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# DevPartner

DevPartner is a set of software development and testing tools developed by NuMega, acquired by Compuware in 1997, which on June 1, 2009 sold it to Micro Focus. There are two versions: one for native and .NET Windows applications, and another for Java applications. It is currently sold by Micro Focus.

## DevPartner Studio

DevPartner Studio (DPS) is a suite of tools allowing a developer to analyze native (unmanaged) and .NET (managed) code for:
* Code quality and complexity
* Memory leak detection
* Memory optimization
* Performance analysis (timing)
* Performance expert (CPU, disk and network resource usage)
* Code coverage analysis
* Fault simulation (both .NET and environmental)
* Error detection and interop monitoring for C/C++ using BoundsChecker technology.
Each analysis can be configured to show detail at the method or line level.
DevPartner Studio integrates with all versions of Microsoft Visual Studio from 2005 through 2019, providing toolbar buttons and menu options to access all of the tools. All of the tools can also be run from the command line allowing for automation and continuous integrated testing processes to be set up.

## DevPartner Java Edition

DevPartner Java Edition (DPJ) integrates a set of functionality enabling developers to analyze Java code for
* Code quality and complexity
* Memory leak detection
* Memory profiling and optimization.
* Performance profiling and optimization.
* Thread analysis and dead-lock detection.
* Code coverage analysis.
DPJ can show the call graph when troubleshooting an issue, and it can dig into details at the method and line level. DPJ integrates with Eclipse 3.2/3.3, OptimalJ, JBuilder, and IBM RAD 6.0 providing menus and tools to access all its functionality. All of the tools can also be run from the command line as well, which enables the possibility of automation and continuous integration.
# Kloosterkerk

In the Netherlands the word Kloosterkerk or monasterium refers to a church that is or was connected to a monastery. Examples include:
* Kloosterkerk, The Hague
* Kloosterkerk, Assen
* Munsterkerk (at Roermond)
# Dean of Liverpool

The Dean of Liverpool is based in Liverpool and is head of the chapter of Liverpool Cathedral.
Sue Jones was installed as Dean on 5 May 2018. A former dean, Edward Patey, said that being Dean of Liverpool was "the best job in the Church of England".

## List of deans

* 1931–1955: Frederick Dwelly
* 1956–1963: Frederick Dillistone
* 1964–1983: Edward Patey
* 1983–1999: Derrick Walters
* 2000–2007: Rupert Hoare
* 2007–2011: Justin Welby (became Bishop of Durham, then Archbishop of Canterbury)
* 15 September 2012 – 5 June 2017: Pete Wilcox (became Bishop of Sheffield)
* 5 May 2018 – present: Sue Jones
# Ignacio Warnes Province

Ignacio Warnes :
| View of Río Piray near Warnes ||
| Location in Bolivia ||
| General Data ||
| Capital | Warnes |
| Area | 1,216 km$^2$ |
| Population | 161,311 (2024) |
| Density | 68.6 inhabitants/km$^2$ (2024) |
| ISO 3166-2 | BO.SC.WR |
| Santa Cruz Department ||
Ignacio Warnes is one of the fifteen provinces of the Bolivian Santa Cruz Department and is situated in the department's central parts. The province name honors Colonel Ignacio Warnes (1772–1816), a military leader in the South American war of independence.

## Location

Ignacio Warnes Province is located between 17° 00' and 17° 42' South and between 62° 42' and 63° 14' West. It extends over 85 km from North to South, and 70 km from West to East. Río Piray is forming the province border in the West and Río Grande in the East.
The province is situated in the Bolivian lowlands and borders Obispo Santistevan Province in the Northwest, Sara Province in the West, Andrés Ibáñez Province in the South, and Ñuflo de Chávez Province in the East.

## Population

The population of Ignacio Warnes Province has increased by circa 75% over the recent two decades:
* 1992: 38,285 inhabitants (census)
* 2001: 54,593 inhabitants (census)
* 2012: 108,888 inhabitants (census)
* 2024: 161,311 inhabitants (census)
46.2% of the population are younger than 15 years old. (1992)
The literacy rate of the province is 96.9%. (2012)
95.2% of the population speak Spanish, 14.2% speak Quechua, 4.1% Guaraní, and 1.3 speak Aymara. (1992)
41.9% of the population have no access to electricity, 47.9% have no sanitary facilities. (1992)
88.4% of the population are Catholics, 8.8% are Protestants. (1992)

## Subdivision

The province is divided into two municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons. The municipalities with their seats are:
| Section | Municipality | Inhabitants (2001) | Seat |
| 1st | Warnes Municipality | 42,631 | Warnes |
| 2nd | Okinawa Uno Municipality | 11,961 | Okinawa |
# Nacioun Gardiano

The Nacioun gardiano is a maintenance association founded in 1904 in France. Its goal is to "maintain and glorify the costume, customs, and traditions of the country of Arles, the Camargue and the bullfighting countries".

## History
### The foundation of the Virginian Coumitat

Folco de Baroncelli-Javon, at the request of Frédéric Mistral, decided to involve the herdsmen in the Camargue festivities such as the abrivade, the ferrade, the Camargue race, etc. Faced with success, on 24 June 1904 at the mas de l'Amarèu, the Marquis and some of his friends founded the Coumitat Virginien. The ten founders were: Jules Grand de Marsillargues, captain, Jean Grand de Gallargues, secretary, Jean Bérard de Gallargues, treasurer, Folco de Baroncelli, Marcel Grand, Jules Arnaud, Émile Marignan, Henri Bérard, Alphonse Hébrard and Yvan Pranishnikoff.

### Tradition and tourism

The tourist office of Provence, having organized a special trip from Marseille to Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer for some two hundred tourists on 17 May 1908, the Marquis de Baroncelli took the initiative to welcome them at the station, on horseback with his guardians, then accompanied them to the village. This caused a lot of noise and therefore “tradition” became one of the major assets of Saintain tourism.

### Creation of Nacioun Gardiano

On 24 May 1935 the herdsmen welcomed the Saintes and Sara for the sea bath.
The association was declared in the official journal on 16 September 1909 under its name Nacioun Gardiano and its registered office in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. They chose a banner on which appears on one side the barque des Saintes, surmounted by the star with the seven rays of Félibrige, on the other side the blood and gold cross of Languedoc flanked by the war cry of the Albigensians "Toulouso, ( Prouvenço) e Avignoun ”. During the ceremonies it was tied to the shaft of the Camargue trident (lou ferri).
# Koskenkorvan Urheilijat

Koskenkorvan Urheilijat (Finnish for "Koskenkorva Athletes", sometimes referred to as Koskenkorva) is a Finnish professional pesäpallo team based in Ilmajoki and playing in the second-tier Ykköspesis. Koskenkorvan Urheilijat has participated in many sports in Finland over the years, such as athletics. Since 1985, the club's main successes have been in pesäpallo.
Koskenkorvan Urheilijat has won the men's Finnish Pesäpallo bronze medal, (Superpesis) two times, 2003 and in 2007. Koskenkorvan Urheilijat's home ground is the Sähkökoje Areena.

## History

Koskenkorvan Urheilijat played for a long time in the third-tier Suomensarja and the provincial league, until the end of the 1980s, when they got a taste of the first division. Its place in the first division was consolidated in the 1990s, when they became the top club in the municipality, ahead of Ilmajoen Kisailijat.
Kossu was promoted to the Superpesis in the autumn of 1998 and played continuously in top-tier from then until the autumn of 2023. The first decade of the 2000s in particular was a time of greatness for Kossu. It rose to the top of the league and was consistently among the top teams. During these years, the club won two SM bronze medals, in 2003 and 2007.
Although Kossu won only two medals, its success was steady. Between 1999 and 2018, Kossu missed the play-offs only three times. The last five seasons were more challenging, however, and Kossu did not make the play-offs once during this period.
The club's story comes down to one man, Antti Alho. The founder of a local electrical equipment manufacturer was the club's general manager when the club was promoted to Superpesis. Alho also built the club its own stadium. Alho stepped down from club's management in 2016 and died the following year at the age of 70.

## Achievements

Men's Pesäpallo
Superpesis
| Type | Trophy | Titles | Seasons |
| Finnish championship | Third place | 2 | 2003, 2007 |
| Finnish Cup | Second place | 1 | 1989 |
# Giovanni Dekeyser

Giovanni Dekeyser (born 10 December 1976 in Bruges) is a Belgian football midfielder who currently plays for East Flanders lower league side K.F.C. Eeklo.
He made his senior debut for Cercle Brugge in second division in a 1–1 draw against K.F.C. Lommel S.K., on 17 August 1996. Giovanni Dekeyser became Cercle Brugge top scorer in 2001 and was voted player of the year. This earned him a transfer to Royal Antwerp F.C., who then competed at the highest level of Belgian football. Dekeyser returned to Cercle Brugge after one season where he became second division champions in May 2003.
Other teams of Giovanni Dekeyser include Deinze, Oostende, K.S.V. Bornem, Sint-Eloois-Winkel, Maldegem and Eeklo.
# Nigeria at the 1972 Summer Olympics

Nigeria competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.

## Medalists
### Bronze

* Isaac Ikhouria — Boxing, Men's Light Heavyweight

## Results by event
### Athletics

Men's 100 metres
* Benedict Majekodumni
   * First Heat — 10.70s (→ did not advance)
Men's 800 metres
* Jaiye Abidoye
   * Heat — 1:52.0 (→ did not advance)
Men's 1500 metres
* Jaiye Abidoye
   * Heat — 3:48.8 (→ did not advance)
Men's 4 × 100 m Relay
* Kola Abdulai, Rux Bazunu, James Olakunle, and Timon Oyebami
   * Heat — 39.66s
   * Semifinals — 39.73s (→ did not advance)
Women's 4 × 100 m Relay
* Emilie Edet, Ashanti Obi, Helen Olaye, and Modupe Oshikoya
   * Heat — 45.15s (→ did not advance, 12th place)
Women's Long Jump
* Modupe Oshikoya
   * Qualifying Round — 6.22m (→ did not advance, 19th place)
Women's Pentathlon
* Modupe Oshikoya
   * First Heat — 4.279 points (→ 14th place)

### Boxing

Men's Heavyweight (+ 81 kg)
* Fatai Ayinla
   * First Round — Lost to Carroll Morgan (CAN), 2:3
# 2011 North Carolina Central Eagles football team

The 2011 North Carolina Central Eagles football team represented North Carolina Central University as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) during the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by first-year head coach Henry Frazier III, the Eagles compiled an overall record of 2–9 with a mark of 1–7, placing in a three-way tie for ninth in the MEAC. North Carolina Central played home games at O'Kelly–Riddick Stadium in Durham, North Carolina.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 1 | 7:30 pm | at Rutgers* | High Point Solutions StadiumPiscataway, NJ | ESPN3 | L 0–48 | 40,061 |
| September 10 | 12:00 pm | vs. Central State (OH)* | Cleveland Browns StadiumCleveland, OH (Cleveland Classic) | | W 42–3 | 5,600 |
| September 17 | 6:00 pm | Elon* | O'Kelly–Riddick StadiumDurham, NC | | L 22–23 | 6,722 |
| September 24 | 6:00 pm | Savannah State | O'Kelly–Riddick StadiumDurham, NC | | L 30–33 | 7,536 |
| October 8 | 1:30 pm | at South Carolina State | Oliver C. Dawson StadiumOrangeburg, SC | | L 38–49 | 22,181 |
| October 15 | 4:00 pm | Morgan State | O'Kelly–Riddick StadiumDurham, NC | | L 3–52 | 4,218 |
| October 22 | 2:00 pm | at Hampton | Armstrong StadiumHampton, VA | | L 27–30 $^{OT}$ | 8,147 |
| October 29 | 2:00 pm | Bethune–Cookman | O'Kelly–Riddick StadiumDurham, NC | | L 6–34 | 12,516 |
| November 5 | 1:00 pm | at Delaware State | Alumni StadiumDover, DE | | W 14–7 | 1,795 |
| November 12 | 2:00 pm | Florida A&M | O'Kelly–Riddick StadiumDurham, NC | | L 10–31 | 7,711 |
| November 19 | 1:30 pm | at North Carolina A&T | Aggie StadiumGreensboro, NC (rivalry) | | L 21–31 | 18,413 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingAll times are in Eastern time |||||||
# McKinney Creek

McKinney Creek is located in the Boundary Country region of British Columbia. The creek is one of the main tributaries of Rock Creek. McKinney Creek flows into Rock Creek from the west. The creek has been mined by Europeans and Chinese miners.
# Kloosterman

Kloosterman is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hendrik Kloosterman (1900–1968), Dutch mathematician
** Kloosterman sum
* Karin Kloosterman, Canadian entrepreneur, biologist, and journalist
* Maarten Kloosterman (born 1942), Dutch Olympic rower
# Dean of Leighlin

The Dean of Leighlin is based at the Cathedral Church of St Laserian, Old Leighlin in the united Diocese of Cashel and Ossory within the Church of Ireland.
The current incumbent is Thomas W. Gordon.

## List of deans of Leighlin

* 1603/4–1614 Thomas Tedder
* 1614–1618 Randolph Barlow (afterwards Dean of Christ Church, Dublin, 1618 and Archbishop of Tuam 1629)
* 1618–1637 John Parker
* 1637–1639 Hugh Cressy (later converted to Roman Catholicism as Serenus Cressy)
* 1665/6–1668 John Nearne
* 1668–1671 George Burdett
* 1671/2 Samuel Burgess
* 1691 or 1692 Noah Webbe
* 1695/6–1723 John Francis
* 1723 William Crosse
* 1749–1753 Bartholemew Vigors
* 1755–1764 John Featherston
* 1765–1777 Charles Doyne
* 1777–1778 Richard Stewart
* 1778–1804 Stewart Blacker
* 1804–1822 George Maunsell
* 1822–1850 Hon Richard Boyle Bernard
* 1850–1854 Hugh Usher Tighe (afterwards Dean of Ardagh, 1854)
* 1854–1864 James Lyster (afterwards Dean of Ontario, 1864)
* 1864–1869 William Bernard Lauder
* 1868–1876 Francis Metcalf Watson
* Philip Moore
* ?–1890 William Smyth King
* ?–?1895 Frederick Owen
* 1895–1912 John Finlay (murdered, 1921)
* 1912–1939 Joseph William Abbott
* 1962–1963 Henry McAdoo (Bishop of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin, 1962)
* 1963–1983 Frederick Rothwell Bolton
* 1983–1988 Hubert Henry Ernest Peacock
* 1991–1996 Cecil Albert Faull
* 2004–2010 Frederick John Gordon Wynne
* 2010–present Thomas William Gordon
# Ilha Grande de Gurupá

Ilha Grande do Gurupá is a large river island of the Amazon River delta. It lies in the Brazilian state of Pará, west of Marajó and near the confluence of the Amazon and the Xingu. The island has an area of 4,864 square kilometres (1,878 sq mi).
This island is part of the Marajó Archipelago.