OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Briggow

Briggow is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
# Herbert Zeiger

Herbert J. Zeiger (b. 16 March 1925 in the Bronx, New York City, United States; d. 14 January 2011) was an American physicist and co-developer of the first maser.
Zeiger graduated from the City College of New York with a bachelor's degree in 1944, and Columbia University with a master's degree in 1948 and a doctorate in 1952. From 1953 until his retirement in 1990, he conducted research at the Lincoln Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He lived most recently in Newton, Mass., and then in Dedham, Mass. He is buried in West Roxbury.
In addition to the physics behind the maser and laser, Zeiger dealt with solid-state physics, semiconductor physics, and molecular physics.
Between 1953-54, he worked alongside Charles H. Townes and James P. Gordon, who was then a PhD student of Townes, at Columbia University to develop the first maser.
In 1966, Zeiger became a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He and Gordon were the recipients of the first Charles Hard Townes Award in 1981, "For [their] contributions to the successful operations of the first quantum-electronics device, the ammonia maser".
He was married to Hanna Bloom and had three children: Joel Zeiger, Susan Zeiger Katz, and Judith Zeiger McNulty.
# Balbirnie Stone Circle

Balbirnie Stone Circle is an archaeological site, a stone circle on the north-eastern edge of Glenrothes, in Fife, Scotland. The site was in use from the late Neolithic period to the late second millennium BC.
The prehistoric ceremonial complex of Balfarg is nearby; the scheduling for Balfarg states that "the Balfarg complex, together with the nearby stone circle at Balbirnie and other sites in their vicinity, form one of the most important groups of monuments of Neolithic and Bronze Age date in eastern Scotland."

## Description

The stone circle was originally at grid reference NO 2850 0304. The site was excavated in 1970–1971 by Graham Ritchie, before planned widening of the A92 road; the main features of the site were then re-erected nearby at grid reference NO 2859 0296.

### Excavation

There were five stones visible before excavation; the stumps of four stones and the hole of one stone were discovered. The original ten stones stood in an ellipse measuring about 15 by 14 metres (49 by 46 ft), around a rectangular setting of slabs measuring 3.25 by 3.75 metres (10.7 by 12.3 ft).
Three phases of use were established by the excavation. The rectangle of slabs and the stone circle are from the earliest period. Cremated bone was found beneath four of the circle-stones.
At a later time, several cists were inserted within the circle. In two of these, two stones with cup and ring marks and cup marks had been re-used as a side-slab for the cist. Grave goods found included a Food Vessel and a flint knife. Radiocarbon dating of wood associated with a cist gave a date of about 1330 BC. The cists were, in the third phase, covered by a cairn of stones, filling the area within the standing stones up to a height of 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in). Within the cairn, there were at least 16 cremation burials. Radiocarbon dating of the land surface that had accumulated within the circle gave a date of about 890 BC; it was concluded that the last phase was in the late second millennium BC.
# Melicope jugosa

Melicope jugosa is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is found only on Mount Kinabalu and Mount Tambuyukon in Sabah. It is known from only two locations, and has an estimated area of occupancy (AOO) of 20 km$^2$, and an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 78.379 km$^2$.
It grows in montane rain forests from 1,800 to 2,450 metres elevation.
Both subpopulations are protected within Kinabalu Park, and the species' range and population, while small, are not in decline. The species' conservation status is assessed as Vulnerable.
# Geneva Christian College

Geneva Christian College is a K–12 Christian school in Latrobe, outside of Devonport Tasmania.
The school's mission statement is encapsulated in the biblical passage Proverbs 3:6: "In all your ways acknowledge Him and He shall direct your paths."
The school is located just outside Latrobe, situated on 50 hectares of farm and bushland, and utilizes this within its curriculum.
Geneva Christian College is a member of Independent Schools Tasmania.
# Charana mandarinus

Charana mandarinus, the mandarin blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Indomalayan realm.
The larvae feed on Loranthus species.

## Subspecies

The following subspecies are recognised:
* Charana mandarinus mandarinus (Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Burma, Thailand)
* Charana mandarinus splendida Moulton, 1911 (Borneo, Peninsular Malaya, possibly Sumatra)
# 2008 Summer Tour

2008 summer tour may refer to:
* American Idols LIVE! Tour 2008
* John Mayer 2008 Summer Tour
* Sakis Rouvas Summer Tour 2008
# Mahabo (disambiguation)

Mahabo is a city in the Menabe Region of Madagascar.
Mahabo may also refer to the following places in Madagascar:
* Mahabo (district), containing the city
* Mahabo, Ambohidratrimo, a town and commune in Analamanga Region
* Mahabo, Betroka, a town and commune in Anosy Region
* Mahabo, Vohipeno, a town and commune in Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region
# 2008 Barbarians end of season tour

The 2008 Barbarians rugby union tour was a series of matches played in May 2008 in by Barbarians F.C. They played for the first time against Belgium, then against England and Ireland

## Results

* 24 May 2008
| Belgium XV | 10–84 | Barbarians |
* Brussels
* 27 May 2008
| Ireland XV | 39–14 | Barbarians |
| | report | |
* Welford Road Stadium, Gloucester
* 1 June 2008
| England XV | 17–14 | Barbarians |
| | report | |
* Twickenham Stadium, London

## Other matches in 2008

During the year, the Barbarians, made other appearance against different teams
* The Mobbs Memorial Match
* 18 March 2008
| Bedford Blues | 19–27 | Barbarians |
* Goldington Road, Bedford
* 150th anniversary of Edinburgh Academicals
* 4 September 2008
| Edinburgh Academicals | 0–43 | Barbarians |
| | report | |
* Raeburn Place, Edinburgh
* Remembrance match
* 4 November 2008
| Combined Services | 14–33 | Barbarians |
* Plymouth
* Olympic Centenary
* 3 December 2008
| Barbarians | 11–18 | Australia XV |
* Wembley Stadium, London
# 2008 Bank of the West Classic – Doubles

The defending champions lost separately in the first round. Sania Mirza partnered with Anna Chakvetadze and lost to Eva Hrdinová and Vladimíra Uhlířová. Shahar Pe'er teamed with Gisela Dulko to lose to Ayumi Morita and Ai Sugiyama.
Cara Black and Liezel Huber won the final 6–4, 6–3, over Elena Vesnina and Vera Zvonareva.

## Seeds

* Cara Black / Liezel Huber (champions)
* Chia-jung Chuang / Francesca Schiavone (withdrew due to a left ankle sprain for Schiavone)
* Gisela Dulko / Shahar Pe'er (first round)
* Tatiana Poutchek / Anastasia Rodionova (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | C Black L Huber | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Grandin A Haynes | 4 | 3 | | 1 | C Black L Huber | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Hrdinová V Uhlířová | 6 | 6 | | | E Hrdinová V Uhlířová | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Chakvetadze S Mirza | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | 1 | C Black L Huber | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| 4 | T Poutchek A Rodionova | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | T Poutchek A Rodionova | 6 | 3 | [7] | | | | |
| | D Hantuchová N Petrova | 4 | 3 | | 4 | T Poutchek A Rodionova | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | A Yelsey R Zalameda | 6 | 2 | [10] | WC | A Yelsey R Zalameda | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | K Anderson P Schnyder | 3 | 6 | [5] | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | C Black L Huber | 6 | 6 |
| | A Kleybanova M Niculescu | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | E Vesnina V Zvonareva | 4 | 3 |
| | O Govortsova D Kustova | 4 | 2 | | | A Kleybanova M Niculescu | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Morita A Sugiyama | 4 | 6 | [10] | | A Morita A Sugiyama | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | G Dulko S Pe'er | 6 | 2 | [8] | | | | | | | A Kleybanova M Niculescu | 6 | 3 | [3] | | | | |
| | E Vesnina V Zvonareva | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | E Vesnina V Zvonareva | 2 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| | L Dekmeijere A Spears | 4 | 3 | | | E Vesnina V Zvonareva | 7 | 5 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Amanmuradova K Bondarenko | 6 | 6 | | | A Amanmuradova K Bondarenko | 6$^4$ | 7 | [6] | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | A Harkleroad A Jidkova | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Charles Doughty

Charles Doughty may refer to:
* Charles Montagu Doughty (1843–1926), English poet and traveller
* Charles Doughty (lawyer) (1878–1956), British barrister
* Charles Doughty (politician) (1902–1973), British Member of Parliament and barrister; son of the above
* Charles Doughty-Wylie (1868–1915), English recipient of the Victoria Cross
# Charity rounding up

Charity rounding up refers to the process of raising money for charity by using retail transactions at either a retail store's point of sale (POS) terminal or via an online website. Whenever a purchase is made using either a debit or credit card, the transaction is rounded up to the next decimal.
This original proof of concept was developed in 1999 when Wiremite Inc., a digital wallet company, was expanding the services available for a new terminal being introduced in retail outlets as well as online purchases. The charitable component was made possible due to the almost cost-free nature of the transaction and the bundling of the services available on a terminal.
# Charity regulators

A charity regulator is a regulatory agency that regulates the charitable or wider nonprofit sectors in it respective jurisdiction. They can also be referred to as commissions, although that term can also refer specifically to the non-tax policy regulation of charitable organizations.
Charity regulators take various forms, from small teams within taxation departments to standalone bodies.

## Examples

* Charity Commission for England and Wales
* Charity Commission for Northern Ireland
* Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator
* Charities Regulator or An Rialálaí Carthanas (Ireland)
* Gibraltar Charity Commissioners
* Federal Republic of Germany Transparency Register
* Public benefit organizations and NGOs at the Department of Social and Solidarity Economy (Poland)
* The Foundation Authority (Norway)
* Associations and foundations at the Finnish Patent and Registration Office
* Registrars of Associations, Charitable Trusts, Endowments, Pledges, Companies (including public benefit companies), and more at the Corporations Authority (Israel)
* Punjab Charity Commission (Pakistan)
* Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs online database of social organizations
* Inland Revenue Department (Hong Kong)
* Commissioner of Charities (Singapore)
* Charities Services (Ngā Ratonga Kaupapa Atawhai) (New Zealand)
* Australian Charities and Not-For-Profits Commission
* Charities Directorate of Canada (La Direction des Organismes de Bienfaisance)
* Charities and Nonprofits at the United States Internal Revenue Service
* New York State Attorney General's Charities Bureau
* California Attorney General's Registry of Charitable Trusts
# Hamlin Township, Michigan

Hamlin Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Michigan:
* Hamlin, Raisinville Township, Michigan, a former community
* Hamlin Township, Eaton County, Michigan
* Hamlin Township, Mason County, Michigan
# Charles Brooke (Jesuit)

Charles Brooke (1777–1852), was an English Jesuit.
Brooke was born at Exeter, 8 August 1777, and received his education at the English academy at Liège and at Stonyhurst, where he entered the Society of Jesus, of which he became a professed father (1818).
He was provincial of his order from 1826 to 1832, and subsequently made the superior of the seminary at Stonyhurst College. After filling the office of rector of the Lancashire district, he was sent with ill health to Exeter, in 1845, to gather materials for a continuation of the history of the English province from the year 1635, to which period Father Henry More's 'Historia Missionis Anglicanæ Societatis Jesu' extends. The documents and information he collected were afterwards of much service in the compilation of Brother Henry Foley's valuable 'Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus,' 8 vols. Lond. 1870–83. Father Brooke died at Exeter on 6 October 1852.
# 2009 KGHM Dialog Polish Indoors – Doubles

James Cerretani and Lukáš Rosol were the defending champions. They chose to not participate this year. Sanchai and Sonchat Ratiwatana defeated Benedikt Dorsch and Sam Warburg 6–4, 3–6, [10–8] in the final.

## Seeds

* Michael Kohlmann / Philipp Marx (quarterfinals)
* Sanchai Ratiwatana / Sonchat Ratiwatana (champions)
* Florin Mergea / Alessandro Motti (first round)
* James Auckland / Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 1 | M Kohlmann P Marx | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Karol P Oswald | 4 | 2 | | 1 | M Kohlmann P Marx | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | T Bednarek M Przysiężny | 4 | 6 | [8] | | M Elgin A Kudryavtsev | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Elgin A Kudryavtsev | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | M Elgin A Kudryavtsev | 5 | 6 | [13] | | | | | |
| 3 | F Mergea A Motti | 6$^5$ | 7 | [7] | | | | | | | B Dorsch S Warburg | 7 | 3 | [15] | | | | | |
| | J Delgado A Falla | 7 | 6$^1$ | [10] | | J Delgado A Falla | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | B Dorsch S Warburg | 7 | 4 | [10] | | B Dorsch S Warburg | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Pless D Udomchoke | 6$^7$ | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | | | | | | B Dorsch S Warburg | 4 | 6 | [8] |
| WC | B Rehnquist E Tveit | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Sa Ratiwatana So Ratiwatana | 6 | 3 | [10] |
| | D Brands M Slanar | 6 | 6 | | | D Brands M Slanar | 7 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Bubka P Šnobel | 6 | 6$^4$ | [8] | 4 | J Auckland A-u-H Qureshi | 6$^5$ | 6 | [5] | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | J Auckland A-u-H Qureshi | 3 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | D Brands M Slanar | 6$^3$ | 6$^5$ | | | | | | |
| | M Montcourt É Roger-Vasselin | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 2 | Sa Ratiwatana So Ratiwatana | 7 | 7 | | | | | | |
| WC | M Gawron D Olejniczak | 4 | 3 | | | M Montcourt É Roger-Vasselin | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Ascione O Rochus | 4 | 4 | | 2 | Sa Ratiwatana So Ratiwatana | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Sa Ratiwatana So Ratiwatana | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Hammergraben

Hammergraben is a river of Brandenburg, Germany. It branches off the Spree in Cottbus, and flows into the Großes Fließ (a tributary of the Spree) in Schmogrow-Fehrow. It is used to flood Cottbuser Ostsee, a former open pit lignite mine, which is planned to become Germany's largest artificial lake by surface area.
# Hakahau

Hakahau is the main village and port of the island of Ua Pou, in the Marquesas Islands, northeast of French Polynesia. It is the capital of the municipality. It is located at the bottom of a sheltered bay on the northeast side of the island, and has a sheltered dock by a jetty. The Aranui 3 stops at Hakahau.

## Geography
### Climate

Hakahau has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). The average annual temperature in Hakahau is 25.5 °C (77.9 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,345.5 mm (52.97 in) with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in March, at around 26.2 °C (79.2 °F), and lowest in September, at around 25.0 °C (77.0 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Hakahau was 32.1 °C (89.8 °F) on 13 April 2007; the coldest temperature ever recorded was 16.2 °C (61.2 °F) on 28 August 1997.
Climate data for Hakahau (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1997−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.7 (89.1) | 31.6 (88.9) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.6 (88.9) | 31.4 (88.5) | 30.7 (87.3) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.0 (87.8) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.4 (88.5) | 31.2 (88.2) | 32.1 (89.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.6 (83.5) | 29.0 (84.2) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.4 (84.9) | 29.2 (84.6) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.1 (82.6) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.7 (83.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.5 (77.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.4 (72.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.1 (66.4) | 18.1 (64.6) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.4 (63.3) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.1 (62.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 16.4 (61.5) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.7 (63.9) | 18.4 (65.1) | 16.2 (61.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 152.5 (6.00) | 117.8 (4.64) | 186.5 (7.34) | 123.2 (4.85) | 114.2 (4.50) | 108.1 (4.26) | 128.2 (5.05) | 77.7 (3.06) | 64.0 (2.52) | 78.3 (3.08) | 117.4 (4.62) | 77.6 (3.06) | 1,345.5 (52.97) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.5 | 11.7 | 14.0 | 12.0 | 12.6 | 11.5 | 12.6 | 10.1 | 9.4 | 11.0 | 11.7 | 9.0 | 137.0 |
| Source: Météo-France ||||||||||||||
# Charles Comstock

Charles Comstock may refer to:
* Charles C. Comstock, American businessman and politician from Michigan
* Charles W. Comstock, American attorney and judge
# Charles Congreve

Charles Walter Congreve was Archdeacon of Armagh from 1738 until his death in 1777.
Congreve was born at Stretton, South Staffordshire and educated at Magdalen College, Oxford. He was Vicar general of the diocese from 1746. In 1746 he published An absolute, indefeasible, hereditary right contrary to reason and Scripture, on 1 Chron 5:1–5:2. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.
# Charles Middleton

Charles Middleton may refer to:
* Charles Middleton, 2nd Earl of Middleton (1649/50–1719), Scottish and English politician
* Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham (1726–1813), British aristocrat, First Lord of the Admiralty
* Charles Middleton (cricketer) (1868–1938), English cricketer
* Charles Middleton (actor) (1874–1949), known for his portrayal of Ming the Merciless
* Charlie Middleton (footballer) (1910–1984), English footballer
* Charles R. Middleton (born 1944), president of Roosevelt University from 2002 to 2015
* Charles G. Middleton (born 1953), chief of the Savannah Fire Department until 2018
# Charles Middleton (cricketer)

Charles Edward Middleton (21 December 1868 – 5 February 1938) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire between 1896 and 1903.
Middleton was born in Leeds, the son of Thomas Midleton, an engine fitter, and his wife Mary. He became an active member of Chesterfield Cricket Club.
Middleton played his debut first-class match for Derbyshire in the 1896 season against Marylebone Cricket Club, in a narrow victory for the team, though Middleton did not make a run and bowled only one over for the team. He played two County Championship appearances in the 1899 season, but in spite of Middleton's decent scores in the lower order, Derbyshire lost both games and ended the season at the bottom of the table. Middleton played just one further first-class match for the team, in the 1903 season. He was a right-handed batsman and played 8 innings in 4 first-class matches with a top score of 21 and an average of 6.71. He was a leg-break bowler who bowled 20 balls without taking a first-class wicket.
Middleton died at Queen's Park, Chesterfield, Derbyshire at the age of 69.
# Charles Reade (disambiguation)

Charles Reade was a dramatist.
Charles Reade may also refer to:
# Charles Minnigerode Beckwith

Charles Minnigerode Beckwith (June 2, 1851 – April 18, 1928) was fourth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Alabama from 1902 till 1928.

## Early life and education

Beckwith was born on June 2, 1851, in Petersburg, Virginia, son of Thomas Stanley Beckwith and Agnes Ruffin. He was educated at the University of Georgia from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1873. He was also a member of Phi Delta Theta. After graduation, he served as assistant professor of mathematics at the University of the South between 1874 and 1876 and later served as master of Sewanee Grammar School at the University of the South from 1876 till 1879. In 1879, he enrolled at the Berkeley Divinity School in Middletown, Connecticut and graduated in 1881. He earned a Doctor of Divinity from Sewanee: The University of the South in 1902 and a Doctor of Sacred Theology from Berkeley in 1903.

## Ordained ministry

He was ordained to the diaconate and priesthood in 1881 by his uncle, Bishop John W. Beckwith of Georgia. He served as rector of St. Luke's Church in Atlanta, Georgia, from 1884 to 1886. While rector he was elected Assistant Bishop of Texas but declined the appointment. Later, in 1886, he became rector of Christ Church in Houston, Texas, and in 1892 became rector of Trinity Church in Galveston, Texas, where he remained until 1902.

## Bishop

Beckwith was elected Bishop of Alabama on October 8, 1902, during a special council which took place in St John's Church in Montgomery, Alabama. He was then consecrated in St Paul's Church in Selma, Alabama on December 17, 1902, by Bishop Thomas Underwood Dudley of Kentucky. He died in office on April 18, 1928, in Montgomery, Alabama.
# Charles E. Rosenberg

Charles Ernest Rosenberg (born 1936) is an American historian of medicine. He is Professor of the History of Science and Medicine and the Ernest E. Monrad Professor in the Social Sciences at Harvard University.

## Early life and education

Rosenberg was born in New York City on November 11, 1936, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1956. He received both his master's degree (1957) and PhD (1961) from Columbia University.

## Career

Rosenberg taught at the University of Pennsylvania from 1963 until 2001. In 2001, he moved to Harvard University. He served as acting chairman of Harvard's history of science department in 2003–2004.

## Personal life

Rosenberg is married to Drew Gilpin Faust, the former president of Harvard University.

## Honors

In 2002, Rosenberg was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

## Selected bibliography

* Rosenberg, Charles E. (1962). The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849 and 1866. The University of Chicago Press.
* Rosenberg, Charles E. (1968). The Trial of the Assassin Guiteau: Psychiatry and Law in the Gilded Age. The University of Chicago Press.
* Rosenberg, Charles E. (1987). The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System. Basic Books.
* Rosenberg, Charles E. (1992). Explaining Epidemics. Cambridge University Press.
* Rosenberg, Charles E. (1997). No Other Gods. On Science and American Social Thought. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
* Rosenberg, Charles E. (2007). Our Present Complaint: American Medicine, Then and Now. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
# Mainart River

The Mainart River is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil.
# Handelsdepartementet

Handelsdepartementet may refer to:
* Ministry of Trade and Industry (Norway), a former ministry in Norway
* Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Sweden), a former ministry in Sweden