OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Azo violet

Azo violet (Magneson I; p-nitrobenzeneazoresorcinol) is an azo compound with the chemical formula C$_{12}$H$_9$N$_3$O$_4$. It is used commercially as a violet dye and experimentally as a pH indicator, appearing yellow below pH 11, and violet above pH 13. It also turns deep blue in the presence of magnesium salt in a slightly alkaline, or basic, environment. Azo violet may also be used to test for the presence of ammonium ions. The color of ammonium chloride or ammonium hydroxide solution will vary depending upon the concentration of azo violet used. Magneson I is used to test Be also; it produces an orange-red lake with Be(II) in alkaline medium.

## Properties

The intense color from which the compound gets its name results from irradiation and subsequent excitation and relaxation of the extended π electron system across the R-N=N-R' linked phenols. Absorption of these electrons falls in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Azo violet's intense indigo color (λ$_{max}$ 432 nm) approximates Pantone R: 102 G: 15 B: 240.

## Synthesis

Azo violet can be synthesised by reacting 4-nitroaniline with nitrous acid (generated in situ with an acid and a nitrite salt) to produce a diazonium intermediate. This is then reacted with resorcinol, dissolved in a sodium hydroxide solution, via an azo coupling reaction.
This is consistent with the generalized strategy for preparing azo dyes.

## Reactivity

The chemical character of azo violet may be attributed to its azo group (-N=N-), six-membered rings, and hydroxyl side groups. Due to steric repulsions, azo violet is most stable in the trans-configuration, but isomerization of azo dyes by irradiation is not uncommon. The para-position tautomerization of azo violet provides mechanical insight into the behavior of the compound in an acidic environment, and thus its use as a basic pH indicator.
The predicted $^1$H-NMR of pure azo violet shows the hydroxyl protons as the most deshielded and acidic protons. The participation of these hydroxyl groups' electron-donation to the conjugated π system likewise influences azo violet's λ$_{max}$ and pK$_a$ value.
# Bukor

Bukor (Serbian Cyrillic: Букор) is a village in the municipality of Šabac, Serbia. Its population dropped from 818 in 2002 to 620 in 2011.
According to the 2011 census the average age in the village is 46.8.
# Banksia 'Lemon Glow'

Banksia 'Lemon Glow', also known by its extended cultivar name Banksia spinulosa var. cunninghamii 'Lemon Glow', is a form of Banksia spinulosa var. cunninghamii with lemon-yellow flowers. It was selected by Alf Salkin from a wild population on French Island, Victoria, and registered as a cultivar on 5 October 1982. It typically grows 2–3 m (7–10 feet) tall by 2 m (7 feet) wide. It flowers from April to May.
Unlike its parent species, its flower styles are yellow rather than black. In all other respects it is typical of B. spinulosa var. cunninghamii.
# Gårdinger

Gårdinger is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Malte Gårdinger (born 2000), Swedish actor
* Pontus Gårdinger (born 1964), Swedish television host
# PFIC

PFIC may refer to:
* Passive foreign investment company, a classification of a foreign enterprise under US tax code
* Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception
* Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, a disease
# Owensboro (disambiguation)

Owensboro is a city in the U.S. state of Kentucky. "Owensboro" may also refer to:
* Owensboro Bridge
* Owensboro Catholic High School
* Owensboro Community and Technical College
* Owensboro–Daviess County Regional Airport
* Owensboro High School
* Owensboro Medical Health System Hospital
* Owensboro metropolitan area
* Owensboro and Nashville Railroad
* Owensboro and Nashville Railway
* Owensboro Oilers
* Owensboro Public Schools
* Owensboro Rage
* Owensboro and Russellville Railroad
* Owensboro Sportscenter
* Central City, Kentucky, formerly "Owensboro Junction."
* Evansville IceMen, once "Owensboro IceMen."
* Evansville, Owensboro and Nashville Railroad
# Banty (disambiguation)

Banty may refer to:
* Banty Raids, a 1963 animated short
* Butterfly Banty, an American homebuilt ultralight aircraft
* Banty, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community in Bryan County, Oklahoma, United States
# Oxton Cricket Club

Oxton Cricket Club is an amateur cricket club based at Townfield Lane, Oxton on the Wirral.

## History

The Oxton Cricket Club was formed in 1875 after a meeting of gentlemen on 27 September 1875 at the Queens Arm’s Hotel.
The gentlemen proposed that a cricket club be formed at Oxton and that a committee be appointed.
The club's first team plays in the Cheshire County Cricket League, which is one of the ECB Premier Leagues that are the highest level of the amateur, recreational sport in England and Wales. The club was founded in 1875.
Townfield Lane has hosted Minor Counties matches for Cheshire County Cricket Club for many years, plus List A matches in the NatWest Trophy.
# Barbara Korun

Barbara Korun (born 1963) is a Slovene poet. She is one of the leading figures in the generation of radical young women poets in Slovenia and her poems have also been translated into English and published in the USA and Ireland (translated by Theo Dorgan).
Korun was born in Ljubljana in 1963. She studied Slovene language and Comparative literature at the University of Ljubljana and worked as a lecturer and dramaturge. Her poems have been published in literary journals and anthologies both at home and abroad and she regularly appears at literary festivals and poetry readings.
In 2011 she received the Veronika Award for her poetry collection Pridem takoj.

## Poetry collections

* Ostrina miline (The Edge of Grace), 1999
* Zapiski iz podmizja (Notes from under the Table), 2003
* Razpoke (Fissures), 2004
* Pridem takoj (Back soon), 2011
* Čećica, motenja od ljubezni, 2014
* Vmes, 2016
* Idioritmija, 2021
# Barbara Arneil

Morag Barbara Arneil CM is a Scottish-Canadian political scientist. She is a Professor of Political Science at the University of British Columbia and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

## Early life and education

Arneil completed her PhD at University College London. Her thesis was entitled All the world was America: John Locke and the American Indian.

## Career

Following her PhD, Arneil moved to North America and joined the faculty in the Department of Political Science at the University of British Columbia. In 1996, she published her thesis in a book entitled John Locke and America: the defence of English colonialism. A few years later, she published her second book Politics and feminism. In 2013, Arneil was named a senior recipient of UBC's Killam Research Prize in recognition of her "outstanding research and scholarly contributions." From 2016 to 2019, Arneil served as Department Head of the Political Science Department at UBC.
In 2017, Arneil published Domestic Colonies: The Turn Inward to Colony which received numerous awards. It received the 2018 American Political Science Association David Easton Award for being "a book that broadens the horizons of contemporary political science by engaging issues of philosophical significance in political life through any of a variety of approaches in the social sciences and humanities." It also won the 2018 C.B. Macpherson Prize in Political Theory from the Canadian Political Science Association. In 2022, Arneil's scholarly work was recognized with an election to be a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
She was appointed to the Order of Canada in June 2023.

## Selected publications

* John Locke and America: The defence of English colonialism (1996)
* Politics and feminism (1999)
* Diverse Communities: The Problem with Social Capital (2006)
* Sexual Justice/Cultural Justice: Critical Perspectives in Theory and Practise (with Avigail Eisenberg, Monique Deveaux, Rita Dhamoon, 2006)
* Political Theory and Disability (with Nancy Hirschmann, 2017)
* Domestic Colonies: The Turn Inward to Colony (2017)
# Gérard Niding

Gérard Niding (1924–2011) was a Canadian politician and a City Councillor in Montreal, Quebec.

## City Councillor

He was elected to Montreal's City Council in 1954 as a Civic Action League candidate in the district of Papineau. He was defeated in 1957 and joined the Civic Party of Montreal in 1960. He was re-elected in that year, as well as in 1962 and 1966.

## Chairman of the Executive Council

He succeeded Lucien Saulnier as Chairman of Montreal's Executive Committee as served from 1970 to 1978. He was re-elected to the Council in 1970 and 1974, but did not run for re-election in 1978. He was succeeded by colleagueYvon Lamarre as Chairman of the Executive Committee.

## Role in Montreal Olympic cost overrun scandal

He will be most remembered for his role in the fallout from the construction of the Olympic Stadium in Montreal. An inquiry, headed by Justice Albert Malouf, led to the filing of corruption charges against Gérard Niding, who was chairman of Montreal's executive committee.
Niding pleaded guilty to breach of trust and accepting a bribe for passing untendered Olympic construction contracts to engineer Régis Trudeau, who built a house for Niding in Bromont in exchange. Trudeau was convicted of breach of trust.

## Footnotes

Political offices :
| Preceded byLucien Saulnier (Civic Party) | Chairman of the Executive Committee 1970–1978 | Succeeded byYvon Lamarre (Civic Party) |
# Barbara M. Middlehurst

Barbara Mary Middlehurst (September 15, 1915 – March 6, 1995) was a Welsh astronomer.

## Early life

Barbara Mary Middlehurst was born in Penarth, Glamorgan, Wales. She attended Penarth County School for Girls and Girton College, Cambridge, where she studied mathematics. She earned a bachelor's degree in 1936 and a master's degree in 1947. She built her astronomy credentials over several years of independent reading and practice.

## Career

Middlehurst taught mathematics at Penarth as a young woman. During World War II she drove an ambulance in her hometown. In 1951, Middlehurst joined the staff of the observatory at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. She moved to the United States in 1959, to join the staff at Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin. She also worked at the Steward Observatory in Tucson, Arizona, and at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas. Her research focused on Transient Lunar Phenomena (TLPs). She co-compiled a 1968 catalog of TLPs for NASA, with Jaylee Burley Mead, Patrick Moore, and Barbara Welther.
She was co-editor with Gerard Kuiper of Telescopes (1960), The Solar System III: Planets and Satellites (1961), and The Solar System IV: The Moon, Meteorites and Comets (1963). She was associate general editor of a nine-volume series, Stars and Stellar Systems (1968), again working with Kuiper, and co-edited the volume Nebulae and Interstellar Matter (with Lawrence H. Aller). She was astronomy editor for Encyclopedia Britannica.
She was active in the American Astronomical Society and in the International Astronomical Union, and served as secretary of the IAU's Commission on the Moon in 1970. She was elected a fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 1972; she was also a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, elected in 1949.

## Personal life

Middlehurst retired to Clear Lake City, Houston, where she died in 1995, aged 79 years, after a stroke. In 2009, Astro-Cymru, a Welsh Heritage Lottery project, included Middlehurst on a short list of notable Welsh astronomers for school projects, programs, and exhibits, to "celebrate 400 years of Welsh astronomy".
# Bansa Gopal Chowdhury

Bansa Gopal Chowdhury is an Indian politician and was the member of Parliament of the 15th Lok Sabha of India who represents the Asansol constituency of West Bengal and is a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) political party.

## Early life and education

Bansa Chowdhury was born in Raniganj, West Bengal. He did his graduation from Triveni Devi Bhalotia College in Raniganj. Chowdhury was a social worker prior to becoming a politician.

## Political career

Bansa Chowdhury, prior to contesting for Lok Sabha elections, was also a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and was also a Cabinet Minister in the West Bengal government. Chowdhury was also an elected parliamentarian from the same constituency in the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He is currently a member of CPI(M) West Bengal State Committee and the Secretary of CITU Paschim Bardhaman District Committee.

## Posts held

| # | From | To | Position |
| 01 | 1987 | 2005 | Member, West Bengal Legislative Assembly |
| 02 | 1996 | 2005 | Cabinet Minister, West Bengal |
| 03 | 2005 | 2009 | Member, 14th Lok Sabha |
| 04 | 2005 | 2009 | Member, Standing Committee on Coal and Steel |
| 05 | 2009 | 2014 | Member, 15th Lok Sabha |
| 06 | 2009 | 2014 | Member, Committee on Industry |
# Baranomys kowalskii

Baranomys kowalskii is extinct species of rodent, from the Baranomys genus of the Baranomyinae subfamily, of the Cricetidae family. It lived in Europe during Pliocene epoch, 15 million years ago, being one of the oldest known members of Baranomys family. It was an ancestor of modern Arvicolinae. The animal had been described by Miklós Kretzoi in 1959, who based his research on the fossils found near Podlesice village in Poland. It was named after a paleontologist and zoologist Kazimierz Kowalski.
# Jerlun, Perak

Jerlun is a small town in Kuala Kangsar District, Perak, Malaysia.
# Barbatia obliquata

Barbatia obliquata is a species of bivalve belonging to the family Arcidae.
The species is found from South Africa to Japan. It has the common name of oblique ark shell.
# Owen ap Hugh

Owen ap Hugh (1518–1613), of Bodeon, near Llangadwaladr, Anglesey was a Welsh politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Newborough in 1545. He was High Sheriff of Anglesey from 1563 to 1580.
He was the eldest son and heir of Hugh ap Owen and Gwenllian ferch Maurice. He married Sibill Griffith, daughter of Sir William Griffith and Jane Puleston.
# Owen baronets of Orielton (first creation, 1641)

The Owen baronetcy, of Orielton in the County of Pembroke, was created in the Baronetage of England on 11 August 1641 for Hugh Owen, Member of Parliament for Pembroke, Haverfordwest and Pembrokeshire.
The 2nd, 3rd and 4th Baronets all represented Pembroke and Pembrokeshire in the House of Commons and the latter two also served as Lord-Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire. The 5th Baronet sat for Pembrokeshire and was Lord-Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire while the 6th Baronet represented Pembroke in Parliament. The 8th Baronet assumed the additional surname of Barlow. The title became extinct on his death in 1851.

## Owen baronets, of Orielton (1641)

* Sir Hugh Owen, 1st Baronet (died 1670)
* Sir Hugh Owen, 2nd Baronet (c. 1645–1699)
* Sir Arthur Owen, 3rd Baronet (c. 1674–1753)
* Sir William Owen, 4th Baronet (c. 1697–1781)
* Sir Hugh Owen, 5th Baronet (died 1786)
* Sir Hugh Owen, 6th Baronet (1782–1809)
* Sir Arthur Owen, 7th Baronet (c. 1740–1817)
* Sir William Owen-Barlow, 8th Baronet (1775–1851)
# Gymnetis stellata

Gymnetis stellata is a Mexican species of Gymnetis. It is approximately 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long.
# Gymnetis thula

Gymnetis thula, the harlequin flower beetle, is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae.
# Barouéli Cercle

Barouéli Cercle is an administrative subdivision of the Ségou Region of Mali. The administrative center (chef-lieu) is the town of Barouéli.
The Cercle is divided into 11 communes:
* Barouéli
* Boidié
* Dougoufié
* Gouendo
* Kalaké
* Konobougou
* N'Gassola
* Sanando
* Somo
* Tamani
* Tesserla
# PS Communication

PS Communication is a Swedish advertising and communications agency.

## Competency

The offering and consultancy comprises several communication disciplines, from brand and conceptual development to event marketing, advertising, design, web and PR.
PS Communication employs a full-time staff of 150 in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Oslo, Copenhagen and Helsinki. Competences range from business consultants and designers to project managers, art directors and copywriters.
PS Communication has an international capacity via independent agency networks, Comvort and United Agencies Network. Partners are represented in over 60 countries world-wide.
PS Communication is an active member of Sponsrings & Eventföreningen, the Swedish Association of Event and Sponsorship Consultants (SEFS). PS Communication is also a member of the International Advertising Association and the Swedish Association of Communication Agencies.
PS Communication received the “Kundens Bästa Byrå” award (Clients choice of best agency) in Event Marketing and Action Marketing in 2011, an award presented by the branch press Résumé. PS Communication was also awarded "The Golden Wheel” by SEFS in 2009 and “Årets Byrå” (Agency of the year) in 2007, presented by Swedish business daily Dagens Industri.
# Göran K. Hansson

Göran K. Hansson (born 1951), is a Swedish physician and scientist.

## Biography

Hansson was awarded his doctorate in 1980 at the University of Gothenburg. He has been a research scientist at the University of Washington in Seattle, professor of cell biology at the University of Gothenburg, and visiting professor at Harvard Medical School. Since 1995, he is professor of experimental cardiovascular research at the Karolinska Institute.
His research concerns the interplay between the immune system and blood vessels, and the cause of atherosclerosis.
Important contributions include the discovery of inflammatory cells and signals in atherosclerotic arteries and of protective immune responses against this disease.
In 2007, Hansson was elected member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and served as its secretary general from 2015 until 2022. Hansson is also a member of Academia Europaea and was previously a member of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute. He has served on the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine at the Karolinska Institute (for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) for 17 years and was its secretary until 2015. He was vice chair of the board of directors of the Nobel Foundation from 2010 until 2022. He is a scientific advisor to Humanitas University in Milan, the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research in Trondheim, and the Leducq Foundation.
# Barnard E. Bee Sr.

Barnard Elliot Bee Sr. (1787–1853) was an American attorney and politician. A native of South Carolina, he, with his family, was an early settler of the Republic of Texas. He became a political leader there, serving in several political-appointee positions in the republic.

## Early life and education

Barnard Bee was born in Charleston, South Carolina, one of several siblings, the son of Thomas Bee and Susannah (Bulline) Bee, both of planter families. His father was a delegate to the Continental Congress and a US Congressman. Barnard studied law, and became an attorney.

## Marriage and family

Bee married Ann Wragg Fayssoux of Charleston, from a prominent Anglo-French family. Her father's line was of French Huguenot descent. They had two sons, Hamilton Prioleau Bee (b. 1822) and Barnard E. Bee Jr. (b. 1824). Hamilton Bee followed his father into politics, serving first in the Republic of Texas Senate in 1846. He was elected to the Texas Legislature in 1849 and served for more than 10 years; in 1855, he was elected as speaker of the house. Both sons served in the Confederate Army as generals during the American Civil War. Barnard Bee Jr. was one of the first Confederate general officers to be killed in the war.

## Political career

Bee served on the staff of his brother-in-law, James Hamilton Jr., governor of South Carolina from 1830 to 1832.
In 1836, Bee moved his family to Texas and took part in the Texas Revolution. He settled near Houston. Bee served the young republic in a number of political offices: as secretary of the treasury in 1836, secretary of war from 1837–1838, and secretary of state from 1839-1839. In 1839, Texas sent him as an agent to negotiate permanent peace and borders with Mexico. His offers were rejected. He began his return by sailing to Cuba, then obtained passage to Washington, DC.
The Texas government appointed him as minister (ambassador) to the United States. He served in that post from April 20, 1840, to December 13, 1841. He negotiated with Daniel Webster and settled the formal treaty by which the United States recognized Texas.

## Later years

After his return to Texas, Bee generally took up a private life again. Strongly opposed to the annexation of Texas into the United States, afterward he returned to South Carolina. He died there in 1853, and is buried in St Paul's Churchyard in Pendleton, South Carolina.

## Legacy and honors

* Bee County and the city of Beeville in Texas are named in his honor.
* His grandson Carlos Bee was elected and served as a US Congressman from Texas.
# Gülşah

Gülşah is a feminine name and it may refer to:
* Gülşah Hatun (died in 1487), a concubine of Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire
* Gülşah Akkaya (born 1977), Turkish basketballer
* Gülşah Düzgün (born 1995), Turkish Paralympian goalball player
* Gülşah Gümüşay (born 1989), Turkish basketballer
* Gülşah Günenç (born 1985), Turkish swimmer
* Gülşah Kıyak (born 1989), Turkish wushu practitioner
* Gülşah Kocatürk (born 1986), Turkish female judoka
# Barnardiston (surname)

Barnardiston is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Nathaniel Barnardiston (1588–1653), English politician and Member of Parliament
* Sir Samuel Barnardiston, 1st Baronet (1620–1707), English Whig Member of Parliament and deputy governor of the East India Company; son of Nathaniel Barnardiston
* Sir Samuel Barnardiston, 2nd Baronet (1659–1709), English Member of Parliament and barrister
* Sir Thomas Barnardiston, 1st Baronet (died 1669), English Member of Parliament; son of Nathaniel Barnardiston
* Sir Thomas Barnardiston, 2nd Baronet (c. 1646–1698), English Member of Parliament; son of Thomas Barnardiston, 1st Baronet
* Thomas Barnardiston (legal writer) (died 1752), English barrister and legal reporter
# HMCS Champlain

Several Canadian naval units have carried the name HMCS Champlain:
* HMCS Champlain (1919), a S-class destroyer that served in the Royal Canadian Navy from 1928-1936. Formerly HMS Torbay (1919) that served the Royal Navy from 1919-1928.
* HMCS Champlain, a Canadian Forces Naval Reserve division based in Chicoutimi, Quebec since its activation in 1985.
# HMCS Charlottetown

Several Canadian naval units have been named HMCS Charlottetown after the provincial capital of Prince Edward Island. Uniquely in Canadian naval history, two of these vessels had the same name and pennant number.
* HMCS Charlottetown (1941), a Flower-class corvette commissioned on 13 December 1941 and torpedoed and sunk in the St. Lawrence River on 11 September 1942.
* HMCS Charlottetown (1943), a River-class frigate commissioned on 28 April 1944 and decommissioned on 25 March 1947.
* HMCS Charlottetown (FFH 339), a Halifax-class frigate commissioned in 1996.

## Battle honours

* Atlantic, 1942
* Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1942, 1944.
* Arabian Sea
# Baron Thweng

Baron Thweng (Tweng, Thwinge etc.) is an abeyant title in the Peerage of England created on 22 February 1307 for Sir Marmaduke Thweng, a famous knight who took part in the First War of Scottish Independence. The title became abeyant upon the death of his third son Thomas Thweng, 4th Baron Thweng in 1374.

## Lords Thweng

* Marmaduke Thweng, 1st Baron Thweng
* William Thweng, 2nd Baron Thweng
* Robert Thweng, 3rd Baron Thweng
* Thomas Thweng, 4th Baron Thweng (died 28 May 1374)