OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# International Mother Earth Day

International Mother Earth Day was established in 2009, by the United Nations General Assembly under Resolution A/RES/63/278. The Resolution was introduced by Bolivia and endorsed by over 50 member states. It recognizes that "the Earth and its ecosystems are our home" and that "it is necessary to promote harmony with nature and the Earth." The term Mother Earth is used because it "reflects the interdependence that exists among human beings, other living species and the planet we all inhabit". It is decided to designate April 22 as International Mother Earth Day.
General Assembly President Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann welcomed the creation of International Mother Earth Day, saying: "International Mother Earth Day promotes a view of the Earth as the entity that sustains all living things found in nature. Inclusiveness is at the heart of International Mother Earth Day; fostering shared responsibilities to rebuild our troubled relationship with nature is a cause that is uniting people around the world."

## History

In 1968, Morton Hilbert and the U.S. Public Health Service organized the Human Ecology Symposium, where a conference was held for students to listen to scientists discuss the effects of environmental degradation on human health. This was the first precursor to Earth Day. Over the next two years, Hilbert and his students worked to plan the first Earth Day. Other efforts such as the Survival Project, one of the earliest educational events for environmental awareness, took place at Northwestern University on January 23, 1970. This was the first of several events held on university campuses across the United States. Another founder was Ira Einhorn. Additionally, Ralph Nader began speaking about the importance of ecology in 1970.
The first Earth Day event took place on April 22, 1970, initiated by Senator and environmental activist Gaylord Nelson to advocate for the creation of an environmental agency. This event saw participation from two thousand universities, ten thousand primary and secondary schools, and hundreds of communities. The social pressure yielded results, and the United States government established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and a series of laws aimed at protecting the environment.
# Jean Van Leer

Jean Van Leer (12 April 1919 – 16 February 2003) was a Belgian field hockey player. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Mount Kaba (Ibaraki)

Mount Kaba (加波山, Kaba-san) is a [709 m (2,326 ft)] mountain located within the borders of Suigo-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park, Japan.

## Location

Mount Kaba is located in the southern part of Ibaraki Prefecture, bordering the cities of Sakuragawa and Ishioka, and north of Mount Tsukuba. The mountain is located in the northwestern part of Suigo-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park and of it.
The mountain is part of the Tsukuba range (筑波山地), which includes Maruyama (丸山) of Sakuragawa, Ontakesan (御嶽山), Amabikiyama (雨引山), Enzan (燕山), Kabasan (加波山), Maruyama (丸山) of Sakuragawa and Ishioka, Ashiozan (足尾山), Kinokayama (きのこ山), Bentensan (弁天山) Tsukubasan (筑波山), Hōkyōsan (宝篋山), among others.
Satellite view: 36°17′50.7″N 140°08′34.3″E﻿ / ﻿36.297417°N 140.142861°E﻿ / 36.297417; 140.142861

## Attractions

The mountain is granite. There are stone quarries, in the center of the western part of Kabasan, Sakuragawa city (old town, Makabe). It is nationally known as a center of stone carvings.
At the summit of the mountain, there is the Haiden of Kaba Shrine; a Shinto shrine.
# Luis Orlandini

Luis Orlandini (born 1964) is a Chilean guitarist and professor at the University of Chile and the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.

## Life

Orlandini studied guitar with Ernesto Quezada at the University of Chile and then with Eliot Fisk at the School of Music of Cologne. In 1989, he obtained First Place at the ARD International Music Competition in Munich, thus initiating an international career that has led him to perform in various countries and record with different European labels.
He performs mainly as a soloist, but has also played with groups of different natures of chamber music, one of the most important being the Orellana Orlandini Duo. He has also participated in orchestral works, under the baton of various conductors of different nationalities. He has contributed to the development and public knowledge of Chilean music, having premiered more than 40 works by Chilean composers, many of them composed by his own commission.
In 1996, Orlandini received both the Critic's Award and the Lifetime Achievement Award, granted by the Art Critics Circle of Chile and the Chilean Copyright Society, respectively.
# Morra, Città di Castello

Morra (Italian pronunciation:) is a frazione of the comune of Città di Castello in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 306 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 263 inhabitants.
# McCulley Township

McCulley Township may refer to one of the following places within the United States:
* McCulley Township, Boyd County, Nebraska
* McCulley Township, Emmons County, North Dakota
# Jarauna railway station

Jarauna railway station (JUA) is a railway station on the Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh–Janghai line, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is connected with the villages of Meerganj. It is on the Indian railway route from Allahabad to Jaunpur.
# Henry Ford's Restaurant

Henry Ford's Restaurant was a restaurant in Portland, Oregon.

## History

The business operated from the 1970s to 2003.

## Reception

Erin DeJesus included Henry Ford's in Eater Portland's 2013 list of Portland's 19 most missed restaurants. She said the piano bar "is missed for its old-school steakhouse vibe". Dillon Pilorget included the restaurant in The Oregonian's 2016 list of "Lost landmarks: 30 Portland places you won't see again", writing: "The decidedly lounge-like restaurant employed a level of classy kitsch perfect for prom dates or an evening out with friends. The condos that went up after the restaurant closed in 2003 don't quite give the same vibe that the restaurant's bubble fountain and other quirky trimmings did for decades." The newspaper's Grant Butler included Henry Ford's in a 2016 list of "97 long-gone Portland restaurants we wish were still around". He wrote:
   For 47 years, this Southwest Barbur Boulevard restaurant was a Portland favorite. Owner Henry Ford greeted diners when they came in, and worked the dining room with know-the-regulars charm. A meal here was like stepping into a time machine, with red-flocked wallpaper, crystal chandeliers, and a piano lounge with a 1950s vibe. The menu was a throwback, too, with dishes like Chicken Oscar that you could imagine Don Draper digging into with a second or third martini.
# East Keswick

East Keswick is a village and civil parish in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, West Yorkshire, England. It lies four miles south west of Wetherby. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 1,146.

## Etymology

The name of East Keswick is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, in the forms Chesinc and Chesing. This name comes from the Old English words cēse ('cheese') and wīc ('dwelling, specialised farm'), and thus once meant 'farm specialising in cheese production'. The ch- spelling in the Domesday Book reflects the usual Old English pronunciation (also found in modern English cheese). Subsequent attestations, however, reflect the modern pronunciation [k-], the earliest being Keswic and Keswich. This reflects the influence of Old Norse pronunciation on the local language.$^{:42}$
The additional element East is first attested in twelfth-century forms such as Estkeswyck. It seems to have been added to distinguish the villages from other places called Keswick, such as the nearby Dunkeswick.$^{:42–43}$

## Amenities

The village has two churches (one Methodist, one Anglican), a butcher, village hall, and two pubs: the Old Star, which is Grade II listed, and the Duke of Wellington. A third pub, the Travellers' Rest, situated just outside the village, closed in the 2000s. After lying derelict for several years, the Traveller's Rest is now a children's nursery. The village had a school, but this closed in 1990, leaving the nearest school in Bardsey. The village's Post Office closed in the mid-2010s.

## Conservation

The village is a conservation area surrounded by farmland. Its history has been chronicled in a Millennium Book and unusually it enjoys its own Wildlife Trust which manages large tracts of local land.

## Transport

The village is situated close to the A58 road between Leeds and Wetherby. The Transdev X99 route serves the village connecting it with Leeds, Wetherby and surrounding villages. There are no rail links close by.
# Miramar-Haus

The Miramar House is a historic Kontorhaus in Hamburg, built in the style of Brick Expressionism of the 1920s. It is located in the Hamburg-Altstadt district. The house has been a listed building since 1999. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Kontorhaus District.
The ground plan of the building adapts to the Schopenstehl and Kattrepel streets, which run at a slightly acute angle. The rounding off of the building towards the street corner was unusual for the time and became stylistically influential for many of the following buildings. The four upper floors were built in clinker brickwork. The two plinth floors are plastered. The house is divided horizontally by several cornices. The figures are by Richard Kuöhl. They represent typical professions on which the Hamburg economy is based.

## Gallery

* Miramar-House
* Main entrance
* Mine worker
* Architect
* Merchant
* Sailor
* Farmer
* Steel worker
# Jazz at the Plaza Vol. II

Jazz at the Plaza Vol. II is a live album by American pianist, composer and bandleader Duke Ellington recorded in 1958 at a party for Columbia Records and released on the label in 1973. The Miles Davis Sextet was also recorded at the same event and released as the first volume of Jazz at the Plaza.

## Reception

The Allmusic reviewer Scott Yanow stated the album features "Duke Ellington's orchestra during a prime period... Excellent music".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |

## Track listing

* "Toot Suite: Red Garter" (Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn) – 3:47
* "Toot Suite: Red Shoes" (Ellington, Strayhorn) – 4:08
* "Toot Suite: Red Carpet" (Ellington, Strayhorn) – 2:26
* "Toot Suite: Ready Go" (Ellington, Strayhorn) – 4:11
* "Jones" (Ellington, Pauline Reddon) – 1:25
* "El Gato" (Cat Anderson) – 4:00
* "All of Me" (Gerald Marks, Seymour Simons) – 2:29
* "Go Away Blues/Hello, Little Girl/Love to Hear My Baby Call My Name" (Ellington) – 6:40
* "When Your Lover Has Gone/(Hush Now) Don't Explain" (Einar Aaron Swan/Billie Holiday, Arthur Herzog Jr.) – 5:09
* "Take the "A" Train" (Strayhorn) – 2:49
   * Recorded at the Plaza Hotel Persian Room, New York on September 9, 1958.

## Personnel

* Duke Ellington – piano (tracks 1–8 & 10)
* Cat Anderson (tracks 1–8 & 10), Shorty Baker (tracks 1–8 & 10), Buck Clayton (track 9), Ray Nance (tracks 1–8 & 10), Clark Terry (tracks 1–8 & 10) – trumpet
* Quentin Jackson, Britt Woodman – trombone (tracks 1–8 & 10)
* John Sanders – valve trombone (tracks 1–8 & 10)
* Jimmy Hamilton – clarinet, tenor saxophone (tracks 1–8 & 10)
* Russell Procope – alto saxophone, clarinet (tracks 1–8 & 10)
* Johnny Hodges, Bill Graham – alto saxophone (tracks 1–8 & 10)
* Paul Gonsalves – tenor saxophone (tracks 1–8 & 10)
* Harry Carney – baritone saxophone (tracks 1–8 & 10)
* Mal Waldron – piano (track 9)
* Jimmy Woode – bass
* Sam Woodyard – drums
* Jimmy Rushing (track 8), Billie Holiday (track 9) – vocals
# Administrative divisions of Russia in 1726–1727

* History of the administrative division of Russia
* 1708–1710
* 1710–1713
* 1713–1714
* 1714–1717
* 1717–1719
* 1719–1725
* 1725–1726
* 1726–1727
* 1727–1728
* 1728–1744
* 1744–1764

## Major events

* 1726—Smolensk Governorate was created from parts of Moscow and Riga Governorates.

## Subdivisions (as of 1726)

* Archangelgorod Governorate (Архангелогородская губерния)
** subdivided into provinces
* Astrakhan Governorate (Астраханская губерния)
** not subdivided
* Kazan Governorate (Казанская губерния)
** subdivided into provinces
* Kiev Governorate (Киевская губерния)
** subdivided into provinces
* Moscow Governorate (Московская губерния)
** subdivided into provinces
* Nizhny Novgorod Governorate (Нижегородская губерния)
** subdivided into provinces
* Revel Governorate (Ревельская губерния)
** not subdivided
* Riga Governorate (Рижская губерния)
** subdivided into provinces
* St. Petersburg Governorate (Санкт-Петербургская губерния)
** subdivided into provinces
* Siberian Governorate (Сибирская губерния)
** subdivided into provinces
* Smolensk Governorate (Смоленская губерния)
** subdivided into provinces
* Voronezh Governorate (Воронежская губерния)
** subdivided into provinces
# CcdA/CcdB Type II Toxin-antitoxin system

The CcdA/CcdB Type II Toxin-antitoxin system is one example of the bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems that encode two proteins, one a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation (toxin) and the other its specific antidote (antitoxin). These systems preferentially guarantee growth of plasmid-carrying daughter cells in a bacterial population by killing newborn bacteria that have not inherited a plasmid copy at cell division (post-segregational killing).
The ccd system (control of cell death) of the F plasmid encodes two proteins, the CcdB protein (101 amino acids; toxin) and the CcdA antidote (72 amino acids). The antidote prevents CcdB toxicity by forming a tight CcdA–CcdB complex.

## Mechanism of action

The target of CcdB is the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase, an essential type II topoisomerase in Escherichia coli. Gyrase alters DNA topology by effecting a transient double-strand break in the DNA backbone, passing the double helix through the gate and resealing the gaps. The CcdB poison acts by trapping DNA gyrase in a cleaved complex with the gyrase A subunit covalently closed to the cleaved DNA, causing DNA breakage and cell death in a way closely related to quinolones antibiotics.
In absence of the antitoxin, the CcdB poison traps DNA-gyrase cleavable complexes, inducing breaks into DNA and cell death.
Regulation of the ccd operon by the CCdA/CCdB complex is dependent upon the ratio of the two molecules to each other in the complex: a (CcdA)2–(CcdB)2 complex binds the DNA of the operon thus repressing transcription, but when CcdB is in excess of CcdA de-repression occurs, whereas repression will occur when CcdA levels are greater than or equal to that of CcdB. As a model system, by ensuring an antidote–toxin ratio greater than one, this mechanism might prevent the harmful effect of CcdB in plasmid-containing bacteria.

## Comparison with parD

The Ccd and parD systems are found to be strikingly similar in terms of their structures and actions. The antitoxin protein of each system interacts with its cognate toxin to neutralise the activity of the toxin and in the process the complex of the two becomes an efficient transcription repressor.

## Use and availability

In recombinant DNA technology, the ccdB gene is widely used as a positive selection marker (e.g. the Invitrogen's Zero Background and Gateway cloning vectors). In August 2016, the CcdB positive selection technology falls completely within the public domain and is now fully free for personal or commercial use. Ccd operon was also used to stabilize plasmid for industrial use in the Staby(r) technology developed and commercialized by Delphi Genetics. In this technology, conventional antibiotic resistance gene is replaced by ccdA in the plasmid while ccdB gene is introduced into the chromosome of the bacteria. This technology allows to remove antibiotic resistance gene but is also able to reach higher yields in recombinant protein production and plasmid DNA. Some applications of this technology are patented and could need a license for commercial exploitation.
# Morrade Hakkar

Morrade Hakkar (born 19 January 1972 in Besançon, France) is a French former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2012. He held the French national middleweight title twice (March 1997 to January 1998 and again from March 1999 to October 2000), the WBC International middleweight title (1997) and the European middleweight title 2002.
After knocking out previously undefeated Cristian Sanavia to capture the European middleweight belt on 11 May 2002, he became the mandatory challenger for undisputed world champion Bernard Hopkins. On 29 March 2003 they faced one another in Philadelphia, with Hopkins winning by technical knockout in the eighth round.
# McCullin

McCullin is a surname and may refer to:
* Don McCullin, a British photojournalist
* McCullin (film), a 2012 British documentary film about Don McCullin
# Jasig

Jasig is a non-profit US organization founded by a group of university IT personnel in late 1999 with the stated goal of creating open source computer programs for use in higher education environments, mostly written in the Java programming language. Jasig, “a federation of higher ed institutions interested in open source”, is registered as a US 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The name Jasig is an acronym for Java in Administration Special Interest Group. The founders of Jasig included Carl Jacobson from University of Delaware, David Koehler from Princeton, Bernie Gleason from Boston College, Ted Dodds at the University of British Columbia, Jeffrey Gozdieski and Art Pasquinelli from Sun Microsystems.
Jasig developed uPortal, a portal framework for higher education; Bedework, an enterprise calendar system; CAS, an authentication system and single sign-on service; and “2-3-98” to help raise awareness and adoption of open-source.

## Licensing policy

All the software sponsored by Jasig is open source, released under the Apache license.

## Community model

Jasig utilizes a community model based on three classes of membership:
* institutional members
* partners
* affiliates
Each type of membership assumes a different role in the organization. Institutional members tend to be colleges or universities that use Jasig commissioned software. Partners tend to be commercial entities who have some vested interest in Jasig software. Affiliates are similar to partners, but have a lower level of commitment to the organization.

## Partners

Jasig has worked with a variety of commercial entities in the development and support of its various technologies and software.
* Unicon:
** Offers an Open Source Cooperative Support Program for Central Authentication Service (CAS).
** Unicon is a Jasig contributor and offers services for uPortal in the areas of deployment, customization, integration, and general support for education organizations.

## Software projects

Jasig sponsors four main software projects, and one community project:
* uMobile: delivers educational content to mobile devices.
* uPortal: an enterprise portal framework.
* CAS (Central Authentication Service): allows students and faculty to sign into multiple websites with a single sign on.
* Bedework: a calendaring system.
* The 2-3-98 Project: a community project that assists college faculty and staff in moving proprietary systems to open source alternatives.

## Funding

Jasig's primary means of funding are through membership fees, sponsorships, and donations. The organization also relies on volunteers to assist in other non-monetary ways such as writing computer programs, writing documentation etc.

## Activities

Jasig holds an annual conference spotlighting open source in education. This annual event often coincides with other conferences dedicated to the development and adoption of not only open source applications, but technology generally.

## Merger with Sakai Foundation

In 2010, Jasig entered into talks with the Sakai Foundation to merge the two organizations. The two organizations were consolidated as Apereo Foundation in December 2012.
# Henri-Claude Fantapié

Henri-Claude Fantapié (born 1938 in Nice, France) is a French conductor and composer. He was a pupil of Marc-Cesar Scotto, Eugène Bigot, Igor Markevitch for conducting, and Henri Dutilleux for composition.

## Early life

Fantapié studied clarinet, harmony and counterpoint at the Conservatoire de Nice with Eugène Gosselin and René Saorgin, and conducting (for which he won first prize in 1958), chamber music and song at the Académie de musique Rainier III of Monaco (with Marc-César Scotto, Marcel Gonzalès and Lucien Marzo). He is the grand-nephew of the composer and conductor César Fantapié and nephew of the pianist Blanche Fantapié. In Paris, he studied conducting with Eugène Bigot, composition with Henri Dutilleux and musicology with Jacques Chailley. He won the 1960 Concours International des Jeunes chefs d'orchestre de Besançon, for both conducting and composition.

## Career

From 1959–1963 he was director of Orchestre de chambre de la Fondation de Monaco. From 1964–1982 he was director of Les Solistes de Paris, and from 1972 was director of La Jeune Philharmonie de Seine-Saint-Denis. In 1982 he was made director of the Dionysos Chamber Orchestra.
He has been invited to conduct in England, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Columbia.
In 1965 he was made director of the Conservatoire Municipal Agréé de Musique et de Danse de Noisy le Sec, and was Manager of the Association des Conservatoires de Seine-Saint-Denis from 1970–2000, as well as of the Fédération des Unions de Conservatoires, which is a member of the European Union of Music Schools.
From 1964-1972, he was Manager of the Union of French conductors and from 1975 was Professor of conducting at the Centre Polyphonique de Paris, and then in Seine-Saint-Denis from 1980.
He was made a Knight of the Order of the Lion of Finland in 1999.
# Angerville, Essonne

Angerville (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Angerville station has rail connections to Orléans, Étampes and Paris.

## Population

Inhabitants are known as Angervillois in French.
# Miramar (mansion)

Miramar is a 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m$^2$) French neoclassical-style mansion on 7.8 acres (32,000 m$^2$) bordering Bellevue Avenue on Aquidneck Island at Newport, Rhode Island. Overlooking Rhode Island Sound, it was intended as a summer home for the George D. Widener family of Philadelphia.

## History

Miramar was designed by Horace Trumbauer, who had earlier designed the nearby Edward Julius Berwind property, The Elms. The gardens were created by Jacques Gréber.
The building and landscaping were still being designed when George Widener and his son Harry died aboard the RMS Titanic. His widow, Eleanor Elkins Widener, survived the sinking; construction continued in 1913 and 1914 and Eleanor Widener hosted a large reception there on August 20, 1915.
The 27-bedroom, 14-bath mansion has a grand salon and ballroom, 27 feet by 63 feet, on the first floor, which opens onto a 4,000-square-foot (370 m$^2$) oceanfront terrace. It also features a 10,000-bottle wine cellar with a 20-ft (6 m) stone basin for icing up to 200 bottles of champagne at once.
The design of Miramar was copied from the Boullée/Lacroix east wing of the Élysée Palace in Paris. Carlhian designed the interiors; the furnishings were purchased from Joseph Duveen, 1st Baron Duveen.
The property features includes a 6,000-square-foot (560 m$^2$) carriage house and gardens with a bronze fountain designed by French sculptor Henri-Léon Gréber, father of the landscape designer.

## Owners

In 1956, Miramar was sold by the estate of Eleanor Widener's second husband, Alexander H. Rice Jr, for US$118,000 (equivalent to $1,320,000 in 2023), and in 2006 it was sold again, for $17.5 million. The estate was bought by Stephen A. Schwarzman in 2021 for $27 million.