OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Null corrector

A null corrector is an optical device used in the testing of large aspheric mirrors. A spherical mirror of any size can be tested relatively easily using standard optical components such as laser, mirrors, beamsplitters, and converging lenses. One method of doing this using a Shack cube is shown at the right, and many other setups are possible. An interferometer test such as this one generates a contour map of the deviation of the surface from a perfect sphere, with the contours in units of half the wavelength used. This is called a null test because when the mirror is perfect, the result is null (no contours at all). If the result is not null, then the mirror is not perfect, and the pattern shows where the optician should polish the mirror to improve it.
However, the mirrors used in modern telescopes are not spherical – they are rotations of parabolas or hyperbolas, since these more complex shapes reduce optical aberrations and give a larger field of view. (See, for example, Ritchey-Chrétien telescope, or three-mirror anastigmats such as LSST.) Non-spherical mirrors such as these will not give a null result when tested as above, and tests that give null results are strongly preferred (they require little interpretation, and the results translate directly to polishing requirements). One solution is to introduce a null corrector. This consists of one or more lenses and/or mirrors introduced into the optical path that make the desired mirror look like a perfectly spherical mirror. Using this device, the measured contour map now shows the difference from the desired shape instead of the difference from a sphere. Now measurement and polishing can proceed just as in the spherical case. This method is used in the manufacture of almost all large mirrors for modern telescopes.
Since the mirror will be ground to what the null corrector reports as the right prescription, it is critical that the null corrector be itself correct. An error in building the null corrector led to the mirror in the Hubble Space Telescope being ground to the wrong shape. Less famously, this has happened in other cases as well, such as the New Technology Telescope. Originally, there was no easy way to test a null corrector, so mirror fabricators needed to take extra care that the lenses were correct and spaced correctly (this second part, spacing, was the source of the Hubble null corrector failure). With the advent of computer-generated holograms, it is now possible to create a hologram with the phase response of an arbitrary mirror. Such a hologram can be made to analytically duplicate the phase response of the desired mirror, then be tested with the null corrector just as the real mirror would be tested. If the combination looks like a spherical mirror to the interferometer, then both the null corrector and the hologram are correct with high probability, since the null corrector and the hologram are constructed independently by different procedures. This procedure was used to test (and find an error in) the null corrector used for the MMT Observatory single-mirror retrofit.
# NPSL

NPSL may refer to:
* National Premier Soccer League, an American semi-professional soccer league established in 2003
* National Professional Soccer League (1967), an American outdoor soccer league active in 1967
* National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001), an American indoor soccer league active from 1984 to 2001
* National Professional Soccer League (South Africa), a South African soccer league active from 1971 to 1995
# Aglif

Aglif is a small town and rural commune in Essaouira Province of the Marrakesh-Safi region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8934 people living in 1647 households.
# Lophiotoma kina

Lophiotoma kina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 31 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Papua New Guinea.
# Crassispira propeangulosa

Crassispira propeangulosa is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies. Fossils have been found in Eocene strata in Picardy, France.
# George Murrell

George Murrell (dates of birth and death unknown) was an English cricketer. Murrell's batting style is unknown. He was christened at Stoughton, Sussex on 31 January 1790.
Murrell made two first-class appearances for Sussex, both against Kent in 1826 and 1828. In the 1826 match at Hawkhurst Moor, Murrell was dismissed for a duck twice. Firstly in Sussex's first-innings of 23 all out, though the bowler who dismissed him is not recorded, and secondly by Horace Bates in Sussex's second-innings total of 43 al out. Kent, who had been dismissed for 62 in their first-innings won the match by 9 wickets. In the 1828 match at the Vine Cricket Ground, Kent were dismissed for 37 in their first-innings, with Sussex making 35 in response. Murrell was one of seven ducks in the innings when he was dismissed by Ashby. Kent made 53 in their second-innings, leaving Sussex with a target of 56, which they failed to chase down, managing just 23. Murrell was unbeaten on 0. These were his only major appearances for Sussex.
# Paradrillia gemmata

Paradrillia gemmata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Horaiclavidae.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off the Northern Territory.
# Hotel Beach

The Hotel Beach, also known historically as the Hotel Barnum, is a historic hotel building at 140 Fairfield Ave. in Bridgeport, Connecticut. It is a thirteen-story Art Deco tower built in 1927 and designed by Thomas, Martin & Kirkpatrick. It is one of the city's outstanding Art Deco buildings, built when the city was at its peak. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is a contributing building in the Bridgeport Downtown North Historic District, NRHP-listed in 1987. It is currently a residential apartment building called Barnum House.

## Description and history

The former Hotel Beach is located on the north side of downtown Bridgeport, facing south toward Fairfield Avenue between Main and Broad Streets. It is a thirteen-story building, with a steel and concrete frame covered in colored bricks. Its main tower has two ten-story protruding sections, and is flanked on either side by eight-story sections, giving the building a stepped appearance. The second story facade consists of a band of Romanesque round-arch windows. The interior of the second floor, which housed the hotel's lobby, retains many period features and finishes.
The hotel was built in 1927-29 to a design by the New York firm Thomas, Martin & Kirkpatrick, which had a track record of hotel design. It was originally named for the landowner, businessman Francis Beach, but was soon renamed in honor of Bridgeport booster P.T. Barnum. Because it was built just before the Great Depression, it was foreclosed on just a year after its 1929 opening.
# Glenbrook Deviation (1892)

The Glenbrook deviation was a section of track on the Main Western line from the first Knapsack Viaduct to old Glenbrook station in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. The approximately five-mile-long (eight-kilometre) deviation was constructed from 1891 to 1892 and replaced the Lapstone Zig Zag. The deviation was closed in 1913 when it was replaced by the second Glenbrook deviation and the second Glenbrook Tunnel, that continues to carry the Main Western line today.

## History

In 1890 it was proposed to bypass the troublesome Lapstone Zig Zag by using a tunnel. This proposal was approved and in March 1891 tenders were called for its construction. The line left Bottom Points and continued into a gully before entering the 2,165-foot-long (660 m) tunnel, on a continuous 1-in-33 gradient. After emerging just below the original alignment, the line curved to the left and ascended slightly before rejoining the original line at Glenbrook. The site of the original Glenbrook Station now lies to the right of the Great Western Highway, near the skate park.
However, the deviation soon proved to be somewhat of a disaster. Even if it did eliminate the Zig Zag which restricted train length, the problem was the design of the tunnel. The first problem was the climb, the tunnel being on a steep, continuous 1-in-33 gradient. The second and main problem was ventilation. The tunnel was single-track, which made the dimensions tight, and towards one end was a curve, which made the ventilation even worse. Passengers found themselves fighting off smoke and fumes from the locomotive. Trains would begin slipping halfway through the tunnel, forcing engine crews to retreat for air. In one incident of 1908, a retreating train met with another down goods train in a collision at the tunnel mouth.
In 1910, work started on a new deviation when the Main Western Line over the Blue Mountains was being duplicated at the time. The second Glenbrook deviation replaced the 1-in-33 deviation with a more gentle 1-in-60 ruling grade across Glenbrook Gorge.
During World War II, the tunnel was used to store bombs and ammunition. After the war however, the tunnel found a useful purpose as a mushroom farm, which continued up until 2016. The upper area has been cleared, though the years of detritus has been left to rot in the tunnel making it unsafe for healthy exploration. The lower area has benefited from the years of mushroom farming by being fed the run-off and is difficult to access.
# Askville

Askville was a user-driven research site founded by Amazon.com. It was opened to the public on December 8, 2006, and shut down on October 25, 2013.

## History

Askville was co-founded by Korean-American former investment banker Joseph Park, previously co-founder of Kozmo.com (closed in 2001), which was funded by Amazon.com.
Askville went into beta testing in October 2006 and launched to the public in November 2007.
In August 2008, members of the Askville community complained of a lack of moderation and participation from the Askville administrators. In response, Askville appointed a community manager to track and handle user feedback, and the site management made a commitment to more effectively enforce their policies. The voting system underwent a major revision, including the addition of anonymous voting.
In December 2008, Amazon announced that work on Questville, a planned addition to Askville, would be postponed indefinitely. In 2011, Amazon filed a new trademark application on Questville, and reactivated the Questville blog.
On March 23, 2012, the staff announced that after almost seven years, Askville Bonus questions would cease being offered to Amazon Mechanical Turk in early April 2012 due to a change in operating strategies. On April 13, 2012, Askville staff posted a "Farewell from Askville Team".
On October 25, 2013, the "askville.com" website was shut down. The historic contents of Askville were accessible at askville.amazon.com through early 2016.

## Description

Unlike Google Answers (2002–2006), Askville was designed to run much like a computer game. Users would gain or lose "experience points" in particular topics if their answers were good. Users also received "quest gold" by asking and answering questions, and by voting on the worth of other people's answers. Those coins could be redeemed for items in an Askville store.
Unlike other question-and-answer sites, Askville evolved into a social community as well as an information site. This was primarily due to the discussion boards, where "Askvillians" entered into long discussions sparked by individual questions. Though sparked by the questions, discussions often took on a personality of their own. No "experience points" or "quest gold" were awarded for discussions, but many Askvillians came to value the give-and-take, the bickering, and especially the supportive friendships made there.
The questions were 120 characters-long maximum, with a description field that allowed 1000 characters for full explanation of the question. Questions were tagged for tag-based search capacity. Questions were associated to 2 of the 6 topics covered by Askville.

## Askville Awards

Askville launched the Askville Awards in April 2009. These awards were an attempt by Askville to reward its longstanding and active members and motivate the newer members. There were several different awards, including the Veteran Award and the Orientation Award. The former was for members who had been with Askville for a year or more, and the latter was for the members who were new to the site. Awards showed up on the public profiles of all members.
# Det sjungande trädet (opera)

Det sjungande trädet (The Singing Tree), Op. 110, is an opera in two acts by the Finnish composer Erik Bergman. The Swedish-language libretto, based on a Swedish fairy tale, was written by Bo Carpelan. The opera premiered on 3 September 1995 at the Helsinki Opera House.

## Background and performance history

Det sjungande trädet was Bergman's only full-length opera and was composed between 1986 and 1988 as a commission from the Finnish National Opera. Prior to that, the closest he had come to the operatic genre was his 1971 Samothrake Op. 69, a 12-minute "musico-dramatic tableau" for speaker, mixed choir, and dancers. Carpelan's libretto is primarily based on the Swedish fairy tale, Prins Hatt under jorden (Prince Hatt under the Ground) which was in turn based on the ancient myth of Cupid and Psyche, but it also incorporates other elements from Swedish and Finnish folk tales.
The opera had been originally commissioned for the opening season of the new Helsinki Opera House in 1993/94, but the complex structure of the work with 22 separate scenes, each with its own lighting and other technical requirements, led to a postponement of the premiere. However, it was recorded in 1992 at Finlandia Hall conducted by Ulf Söderblom and released on the Ondine label later that year. Bergman was awarded the 1994 Nordic Council Music Prize for Det sjungande trädet, and it received its first staged performance on 3 September 1995 at the Helsinki Opera House as part of the Helsinki Festival, again conducted by Söderblom. It was performed again in 1999 at the Deutsche Oper Berlin in a touring production by the Finnish National Opera.

## Roles

Roles, voice types, premier cast :
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 3 September 1995 (Conductor: Ulf Söderblom) |
| The Princess | soprano | Kaisa Hannula |
| Prince Hatt | bass-baritone | Petteri Salomaa |
| The King | tenor | Peter Lindroos |
| The Witch | mezzo-soprano | Charlotta Hellekant |
| The Fool | baritone | Sauli Tiilikainen |
| Fruit seller | bass | Antti Suhonen |
| Servants, off-stage voices, chorus |||

## Synopsis

The opera's two acts are structured in a sequence of 22 tableaux with a prologue, interlude, and epilogue. They recount the story of Prince Hatt, who has been imprisoned underground by his aunt, the Witch, and is rescued by an unnamed Princess. The Princess first communicates with Prince Hatt by singing "The Tree of Life", which they both hear in their dreams. The Witch is ultimately destroyed by "the power of light" and the couple are united. However, the ending is not a completely happy one. The Princess is struck blind by the dying curse of the Witch.
# Aglietta

Aglietta is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Michel Aglietta (born 1938), French economist
* Adelaide Aglietta (1940–2000), Italian politician
# Lophophorine

Lophophorine is a bio-active alkaloid made by various cacti in the Lophophora family.
# Crassispira procera

Crassispira procera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 15 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Chesterfield Plateau, New Caledonia, the Coral Sea and the Philippines.
# Nisli

Nisli (also, Nesli) is a village and municipality in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 291. The municipality consists of the villages of Nisli and Xozavi.
# Paradrillia himea

Paradrillia himea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Horaiclavidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Japan. It was also found as a fossil in Pliocene strata of Japan.
# Hotel Barrière Le Majestic Cannes

The Hotel Barrière Le Majestic Cannes is a historic luxury hotel on the Croisette in Cannes, built in 1926. It belongs to the Lucien Barrière group. It is a traditional hotel for film stars attending the Cannes Festival.

## History

The present hotel is the result of the merger of the parcels of the former hôtel Beau-Rivage and of two neighbouring villas. Construction began in 1923 under the leadership of architect Théo Petit, also architect of the hôtel Normandy at Deauville. He produced an art deco design with a main façade and 2 rear wings, but only the east wing and the main body were finished when the hotel opened in 1926. The rest of the central body of the building was extended in 1928 by the architects Charles Nicod and Émile Molinié, at which date the interiors were also redecorated by Maurice Debenedetti. 2 floors were added to the top of the building in 1965 and in 1990 the façades were rebuilt uniformly in their original art deco style.

## Location

Hotel Barrière Le Majestic Cannes is located in the centre of the town of Cannes on the Croisette at 25 km from the aéroport de Nice via the road along the seaside, 1 km (5 mn) from the gare de Cannes, and faces the palais des Festivals on the Croisette. Hotel Barrière Le Majestic Cannes is located 8 km from Antibes, 30 km from Saint-Paul de Vence, 50 km from Monaco and 50 km from Saint-Tropez. Its prestigious neighbors on the Croisette are the InterContinental Carlton Cannes Hotel, the Grand Hyatt Cannes Hôtel Martinez, the JW Marriott Cannes and the palais des Festivals.

## Characteristics

* The hotel belongs to the Groupe Lucien Barrière whose president is Dominique Desseigne
* 17 representative halls for conferences, receptions, cocktail and festive events
* Three restaurants, one of them is the Restaurant de la Plage; another, the La Villa des Lys with chef Bruno Oger who received two Guide Michelin stars in 2005
* Pianobar Bar du Fouquet's and a luxurious brasserie: Fouquet's Cannes
* 305 rooms, 23 of which are suites with a balcony and mostly with a view of the Mediterranean.
* Sauna, hamam, jacuzzi, child care, shops, fitness studio, travel agency, car and limo rental office, beauty parlour, laundry, currency exchange, concierge and page boy, safe.
* Outside heated swimming pool.
* Private sandy beach, watersports (waterski, kitesurfing, windsurfing, strolls along the coastline ...
* Casino Barrière de Cannes Croisette with 290 gambling machines.
* The hotel lobby telephones use a ringtone that plays the main theme from Jacques Offenbach's The Tales of Hoffmann.
# Glenbrook Power Station

Glenbrook Power Station is a 112MW co-generation plant located at Glenbrook, south of Auckland, New Zealand. Fully integrated into the New Zealand Steel plant, and enables New Zealand Steel to optimise its energy costs. Surplus natural gas from the iron-making direct reduction kilns are used to generate electricity. Since this partnership reduces the energy consumed in the New Zealand Energy Market (NZEM) – and potentially generated from fossil-fuel burning power stations – it also reduces carbon emissions.
Two cogeneration plants commissioned in 1987 and 1997.
# Asiedu Walker

Alfred Kwame Asiedu Walker was an independent presidential candidate in Ghana.

## Early life and education

Alfred was the youngest of nine children in his family. His parents were Nana Kwame Okanta Obrantiri, who was the King of Larteh Akuapem. His mother Beatrice Amma Adobea Quashie, was the daughter of the King of Anum-Boso. He was born at Larteh Akwapem. His secondary education was at the Ghana National College at Cape Coast in the Central Region. He then went on to the United States where he studied at the University of Illinois where he graduated with a dual Major in Industrial design in 1983. He also had further studies at the North Carolina State University.

## Work

Alfred founded a private infrastructure development company which was involved in several public–private partnership projects.

## Politics

Alfred decided to contest the 2016 Ghanaian general election as an independent candidate. He filed nomination papers with the Electoral Commission of Ghana. He was however disqualified from contesting by the Electoral Commission due to anomalies with his nomination papers which did not satisfy Regulation 9(2) of Constitutional Instrument (CI) 94. He unsuccessfully contested this in court prior to the election.
In October 2020, he successfully filed nomination papers to contest the 2020 Ghanaian general election as an independent candidate for the position of President of Ghana. His running mate for the election was Jacob Osei Yeboah who had contested previous elections as an independent candidate and had indicated that he was going to do the same but changed his mind at the time nominations were being filed when he backed out and announced he will be backing Walker instead. He declared that he would be happy to use his first salary during his first year as president for charity. He has also made a commitment to having a smaller government than exists now with a maximum of 25 Ministers and other measures to help reduce government expenditure.
# Det snurrar i min skalle

"Det snurrar i min skalle" (Swedish:, "It's spinning in my head") is a single from Swedish indie-techno outfit Familjen from the 2007 album Det snurrar i min skalle. It was released in 2007 under various labels including Adrian Recordings and Hybris in Sweden, Telle in Norway, A:Larm in Denmark, and Creative Vibes in Australia.

## Video

The video was named by Pitchfork Media as one of the best music videos of 2007. It also won a Grammi award in Sweden for Music Video of the Year.

## Charts

The single listed for 14 weeks on the Denmark Singles Top 40. It entered the chart on position 38 in the 47th week of 2007, its last appearance was in the 18th week of 2008. It peaked at number 21, where it stayed for 1 week.
In May 2008, Australia's national radio station Triple J put the single on its "Hit List" (songs on med-high rotation). The song also finished the year as the third most played song on the station.
| Chart (2007/2008) | Peak position |
| Sweden Singles Chart | - |
| Norway Singles Chart | - |
| Denmark Singles Top 40 | 21 |
| Australia Singles Chart | - |
# James Curley

James Curley may refer to:
* James Curley (astronomer) (1796–1889), Irish-American astronomer
* James Curley (Australian politician) (1846–1913), Australian politician
* James Michael Curley (1874–1958), American politician
# 1991 European Cup (water polo)

The 1991 European Water Polo Champions' Cup was the 28th edition of the premier competition for European men's water polo teams. Defending champion Mladost Zagreb defeated Canottieri Napoli in the final to win its sixth title, tying with as the competition's most successful team.

## Quarterfinals

| Team #1 | Agg. | Team #2 | 1st | 2nd |
| Mladost Zagreb | 17–16 | Polar Bears Ede | 8–6 | 9–10 |
| Glyfada | 10–21 | CSKA Moscow | 7–7 | 3–14 |
| Spandau 04 | 23–19 | Lokomotiv Sofia | 13–9 | 10–10 |
| Cercle Marseille | 17–20 | Canottieri Napoli | 12–8 | 5–12 |

## Semifinals

| Team #1 | Agg. | Team #2 | 1st | 2nd |
| Mladost Zagreb | 19–15 | CSKA Moscow | 10–9 | 9–6 |
| Spandau 04 | 15–19 | Canottieri Napoli | 8–9 | 7–10 |

## Final

| Team #1 | Agg. | Team #2 | 1st | 2nd |
| Mladost Zagreb | 21–17 | Canottieri Napoli | 10–7 | 11–10 |