OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Heat content (fuel)

In the U.S. energy industry, heat content is the amount of heat energy that will be released by combustion of a unit quantity of a fuel or by transformation of another energy form. For example, fossil fuels are rated by heat content, with a distinction made between gross heat content (which includes heat energy used to vaporize moisture in the fuel) and net heat content (which excludes heat energy used to vaporize moisture in the fuel.) The term is also sometimes applied to other energy forms, such as heat content of a kilowatt-hour of electricity or a pound of steam.
# Heat cramps

Heat cramps, a type of heat illness, are muscle spasms that result from loss of large amount of salt and water through exercise. Heat cramps are associated with cramping in the abdomen, arms and calves. This can be caused by inadequate consumption of fluids or electrolytes. Heavy sweating causes heat cramps, especially when the water is replaced without also replacing salt or potassium.
Although heat cramps can be quite painful, they usually don't result in permanent damage, though they can be a symptom of heat stroke or heat exhaustion. Heat cramps can indicate a more severe problem in someone with heart disease or if they last for longer than an hour.
In order to prevent them, one may drink electrolyte solutions such as sports drinks during exercise or strenuous work or eat potassium-rich foods like bananas and apples. When heat cramps occur, the affected person should avoid strenuous work and exercise for several hours to allow for recovery.
# Mansfield-et-Pontefract

Mansfield-et-Pontefract is a municipality in the Pontiac Regional County Municipality of western Quebec, Canada. It is located on the Ottawa River, northwest of Gatineau. It is the most populated municipality in the Pontiac Regional County Municipality, with most of the population and businesses concentrated along Quebec Route 148.
It is home to the main tourist attractions of the Pontiac region: the Chutes Coulonge, the George Bryson House, and the Félix-Gabriel-Marchand Bridge.

## Communities

* Davidson
* Dépôt Davidson
* Devonshire Park
* Jim Lake
* Leclair
* Mansfield

## History

In 1849, the Mansfield Township was formed that was incorporated as a township municipality in 1855. It may have been named after an English town in Nottinghamshire or in honour of Sir James Mansfield (1733-1821), Solicitor General of Canada in 1780, or William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield (1705–1793). In 1863, Pontefract Township was officially established, named after an English town in Yorkshire.
On January 1, 1868, the townships were merged to form the United Township Municipality of Mansfield-et-Pontefract. In 1888, a portion of its territory separated and was incorporated as the Village Municipality of Fort-Coulonge. In 2003, Mansfield-et-Pontefract changed its status from united township municipality to an ordinary municipality.

## Demographics
### Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1976 | 2,004 | — |
| 1981 | 2,021 | +0.8% |
| 1986 | 1,958 | −3.1% |
| 1991 | 1,902 | −2.9% |
| 1996 | 2,115 | +11.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 2001 | 2,077 | −1.8% |
| 2006 | 2,075 | −0.1% |
| 2011 | 2,204 | +6.2% |
| 2016 | 2,285 | +3.7% |
| 2021 | 2,250 | −1.5% |
2006 data based on adjustment following Census publication. Source: Statistics Canada :

### Language

Mother tongue (2021):
* English as first language: 17.8%
* French as first language: 77.6%
* English and French as first language: 4.1%
* Other as first language: 0.5%
# Mansfield, West Virginia

Mansfield is an unincorporated community in Barbour County, West Virginia, United States.
# Mankad (surname)

Mankad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Vinoo Mankad (1917–1978), Indian cricketer
* Ashok Mankad (1946–2008), Indian cricketer, son of Vinoo Mankad
* Nirupama Mankad (born 1947), Indian tennis player, wife of Ashok Mankad
* Harsh Mankad (born 1979), Indian tennis player, son of Ashok and Nirupama Mankad
# Heavy artillery in the Royal Romanian Armed Forces

Throughout the existence of the Kingdom of Romania, its Army and Navy employed numerous pieces of heavy artillery (150 mm or greater).

## Army
### World War I

In 1914, at the start of the First World War, the Romanian Army had the following models and numbers of heavy artillery pieces:
* 150 mm/L12 Schneider Model 1912 quick-fire heavy field howitzer (8 pieces, 330 meters/second muzzle velocity, 7,500 meters range)
* 150 mm Krupp Model 1887 heavy fortress gun (4 pieces)
* 150 mm/L25 Krupp Model 1891 heavy fortress gun (88 pieces, 520 meters/second muzzle velocity, 9,800 meters range)
* 210 mm Krupp Model 1887 heavy fortress gun (6 pieces, 12,000 meters range)
* 210 mm/L12 Krupp Model 1888 heavy fortress gun (36 pieces, 300 meters/second muzzle velocity, 7,269 meters range)
* 210 mm Krupp Model 1885 mortar (4 pieces)
* 152 mm/L32 Armstrong Model 1884 coastal gun (10 pieces, 576 meters/second muzzle velocity, 7,800 meters range)
* 150 mm/L25 Krupp Model 1885 heavy fortress gun (6 pieces; used for stests)
* 155 mm De Bange Model 1884 heavy fortress gun (3 pieces; used for tests)

### World War II

Not counting any World War I-era obsolete heavy gun that may have still been in service, the only piece of heavy artillery operated by the Romanian Army during the Second World War was the 150 mm Skoda K-type gun. Known in the Romanian Army as M34, 180 pieces of this model were acquired between 1936 and 1939.

## Navy

The Romanian protected cruiser Elisabeta was originally fitted with four 150 mm Krupp guns. This lasted until 1907, when she was rearmed with four 120 mm Saint Chamond guns.
The two warships of the Vifor-class, acquired by Romania in 1920, were originally armed with three 152 mm Armstrong guns each. This lasted until 1925–1926, when they were rearmed.
# Heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory

Heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory (HBChPT) is an effective quantum field theory used to describe the interactions of pions and nucleons/baryons. It is somewhat an extension of chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) which just describes the low-energy interactions of pions. In a richer theory one would also like to describe the interactions of baryons with pions. A fully relativistic Lagrangian of nucleons is non-predictive as the quantum corrections, or loop diagrams can count as ${\mathcal {O}}(1)$ quantities and therefore do not describe higher-order corrections.
Because the baryons are much heavier than the pions, HBChPT rests on the use of a nonrelativistic description of baryons compared to that of the pions. Therefore, higher order terms in the HBChPT Lagrangian come in at higher orders of $m_{B}^{-n}$ where $m_{B}$ is the baryon mass.
* This particle physics–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Heavy chain

Heavy chain may refer to:
* Immunoglobulin heavy chain, a subunit of antibodies
** Heavy-chain antibody, an antibody composed of heavy chains only
** Heavy chain disease, a disease affecting antibody heavy chain production
* Myosin heavy chain, a subunit of myosin II
** Myosin-heavy-chain kinase, an enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of myosin heavy chains
# Mamadou Zaré

Mamadou Zaré (19 May 1964 – 3 May 2007) was an Ivorian football player and manager.

## Career

With roots in Burkina Faso, Zaré had played for ASEC Mimosas in midfield and central defence before becoming a coach. As a player, he won three league championships, the first in 1980, following by consecutives titles in 1990 and 1991 under the guidance of French coach Philippe Troussier.

## International career

He was also capped by the Ivory Coast during the 1980s.

## Coaching career

Zaré began his managerial career with Sabé Sports de Bouna in 1993 before moving onto ASEC in 1995. He led the Mimosas to a domestic league and cup double in 1995 as well as a place in the final of the African Club Champions Cup where they finished runners-up to Orlando Pirates of South Africa. Zaré also coached various other top flight clubs in the Côte d'Ivoire Premier Division including Stade d'Abidjan, Séwé Sports de San Pedro and Issia Wazi. When Burkina Faso hosted the African Cup of Nations in 1998, he served under Troussier as assistant coach of the home team.

## Death

Zaré died on 3 May 2007 at a medical centre in Abidjan aged 45 following a long illness.
# Mamadouba Soumah

Mamadouba Soumah (born 1942) is a Guinean former footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# He Found a Star

He Found a Star is a 1941 British musical film directed by John Paddy Carstairs and starring Vic Oliver, Sarah Churchill and Evelyn Dall. It concerns a frustrated stage manager who quits his job and, with his secretary's help, sets up a theatrical agency. Its songs include Waitin' (Manning Sherwin & Harold Purcell) and Salome (Sarah Churchill). Its sets were designed by Alfred Junge.

## Plot

Theatrical agent Lucky Lyndon (Vic Oliver) and his loyal secretary Ruth Cavour (Sarah Churchill) use their talent agency to discover unknown talents. In his search for the next "big star," Lyndon tries to promote ungrateful nightclub singer Suzanne (Evelyn Dall). Meanwhile, Ruth, who is madly in love with Lyndon, saves the day when the increasingly difficult Suzanne causes a crisis.

## Cast

* Vic Oliver as Lucky Lyndon
* Sarah Churchill as Ruth 'Ruthie' Cavour
* Evelyn Dall as Suzanne
* Gabrielle Brune as Diane
* J.H. Roberts as Mr. Victor Cavour
* Barbara Everest as Mrs. Cavour
* Joan Greenwood as Babe Cavour
* David Evans as Jimmy Cavour
* Robert Sansom as Dick Hargreaves
* Jonathan Field as Bob Oliphant
* Mignon O'Doherty as Mrs. Miley
* Peggy Novak as Madame
* Robert Atkins as Frank Forrester
* George Merritt as Max Nagel
* Raymond Lovell as Nick Maurier
* Uriel Porter as George Washington 'Wash' Brown
* Peggy McCormack as Rose, Lucky's date
* Charles Victor as Ben Marsh
* Cyril Chamberlain as Louie
* Jack Kellaway as Jack
* Sylvia Kellaway as Elsie
* Eileen Bennett as Sleepy
* Peter Saunders as Raymond Alvarez

## Critical reception

Allmovie noted, "An average subject at best."
# Mann Izawa

Mitsuru Izawa (井澤 満, Izawa Mitsuru, born August 6, 1945), better known as Mann Izawa (井沢 満, Izawa Man), is a Japanese screenwriter and novelist.
In 1991, he won the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology's Newcomer Award for his writing on the medical drama series Gekai Arimori Saeko [ja] (外科医有森冴子). His gay-themed drama series Dōsōkai [ja] (同窓会), which aired on prime-time television in 1993, is considered a pioneering work for its depiction of gay relationships.
Izawa also wrote several manga series that were illustrated by Yumiko Igarashi in the 1980s, including Georgie!, which was adapted into an anime series; Twinkle Star 2 (ティンクル・スター2); and Boku no Brassiere Island (ぼくのブラジャー♡アイランド). In the late 1990s, he was involved in a legal dispute with Igarashi over merchandising rights to Georgie!
# China-Japan Supermatches

The China-Japan Supermatches (日中スーパー囲碁) was a Go competition.

## Outline

The China-Japan Supermatches were a series of team competition between China and Japan in the board game of Go. The tournament was hosted by NEC; it was held 16 times from 1984 to 2001. The matches were in the knock-out format with 6 to 9 players on each side for the first 11 times (1984-1996). In the later games, each side had 3 players for one-on-one matches.
Before the late 1980s top Japanese players were generally considered to be at a higher level than the rest of the world, but in the end, China won 9 times in total. The result has had a great impact on the development of the game in China afterward.

## Winners

| Edition | Years Held | Winner | Score |
| 1st | 1984–1985 | China | 8–7 |
| 2nd | 1986 | China | 9–8 |
| 3rd | 1987 | China | 9–8 |
| 4th | 1988 | Japan | 7–2 |
| 5th | 1989–1990 | China | 8–3 |
| 6th | 1991–1992 | Japan | 8–7 |
| 7th | 1992–1993 | Japan | 7–5 |
| 8th | 1993–1994 | Japan | 7–3 |
| 9th | 1994 | China | 6–3 |
| 10th | 1995–1996 | China | 7–5 |
| 11th | 1996 | China | 7–2 |
| 12th | 1997 | China | 2–1 |
| 13th | 1998 | Japan | 2–1 |
| 14th | 1999 | Japan | 2–1 |
| 15th | 2000 | China | 2–1 |
| 16th | 2001 | Japan | 2–1 |
# Mandurama Collection

The Mandurama Collection contains 3,444 photographs taken by Estonian-born photographer Evan Lumme, who lived from 1865 to 1935. Lumme arrived in Australia in 1881 and set up business in Ashfield, New South Wales, as a photographer. In 1900, he moved to Orange and spent the rest of his life in that area.
The photographs were taken in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, most being of the residents and village of Mandurama as well as Lyndhurst and Carcoar but there are images from as far west as Boorowa and many from unknown areas. In addition, the images include the residents and areas of Cowra, Boorowa, Burnt Yards, Garland, Gallymont, Neville, Shaw, Blayney and Orange.
The photographs are considered an invaluable resource for seeing Australia as it was in the Victorian and the post-Federation eras. Few collections of this size survive to this day. The reason for the survival of the Mandurama Collection is that it was forgotten after the death of Lumme. In the 1970s, the negatives were 'rediscovered' in an abandoned house in the Mandurama area.
After their rediscovery, the collection was given to the National Library of Australia, and since then has made a short return to its home of Mandurama, during the town's 125th anniversary celebrations. The photos were commemorated in a book, Faces of Mandurama, written by John Thompson in 1997.
# Chilangos F.C.

Chilangos F.C. is a football club that plays in the Liga Premier – Serie B. It is based in Benito Juárez, Mexico City, Mexico.

## History

The team was founded in 2018 as part of a social integration program of the Benito Juárez City Council, one of the municipalities of Mexico City, since its first season the club was registered in the Liga TDP.
Since its foundation, the team has always qualified for the promotion play-off round of the Liga TDP, having its best performance in the 2020–21 season when they reached the quarterfinal round.
On June 30, 2023, the team entered the Liga Premier – Serie B through an expansion franchise to increase the number of teams participating in that league. After the league change, the team was relocated to Estadio Jesús Martínez "Palillo", although, the team tried to play at the Estadio Ciudad de los Deportes located in its original district, the request was rejected so it had to move to that stadium located in another area of the city.
The team only played one tournament in the Liga Premier, since for the 2024–25 season the board put the project on hiatus arguing financial problems, however, some sources argued that the project was paralyzed because it was part of the political platform of Santiago Taboada, an opposition candidate for the Mexico City government who participated in the founding of the club in 2019 and who lost the 2024 elections.

## Players
### First-team squad

    As of October 1, 2024
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
# Heena Kausar

Heena Kausar is an Indian actress who appeared in several Hindi language films in the 1970s. She is the widow of dreaded Indian gangster and underworld don Iqbal Mirchi.

## Biography

Kausar is the daughter of filmmaker K. Asif, famous as the producer and director of the epic film Mughal E Azam, by his third wife, the actress Nigar Sultana, who played the role of Bahaar in that film.
Kausar wanted to become an actress like her mother. Her father had died in 1971, just as Kausar was beginning her career, and this was a serious blow to her career dreams. It is also a fact that her father had few real friends in the film industry, and many who disliked him. Kausar she had to struggle a lot to get a foothold in the film industry. She took up whatever work was available and tried to make the best of it. She appeared in minor roles in a number of forgettable films as listed below. However, she could not get heroine roles.
In 1991, Kausar chose to marry the dreaded Indian gangster and underworld figure Iqbal Mirchi, becoming his second wife. She gave up acting and moved abroad to live with Mirchi. Her two subsequent releases are carry-overs from previous years. The marriage was childless, and Mirchi died of natural causes in 2013. Kausar continues to reside in the United Kingdom after her husband's death.

## Filmography

* Ghar Bazar (1998)
* Aakhri Sanghursh (1997)
* Mirza Ki Shaadi (1989)
* Waapsi (1986)
* Mazloom (1986)
* Raat Ke Baad (1986)
* Paanch Khiladi (1985)
* Vairi-Jatt (1985)
* Pet Pyaar Aur Paap (1984)
* Hum Do Hamare Do (1984)
* Bhemaa (1984)
* Aaj Ka M.L.A. Ram Avtar (1984)
* Wanted: Dead or Alive (1984)
* Sulagte Armaan (1984)
* Lalach (1983)
* Razia Sultan (1983)
* Ayaash (1982)
* Nikaah (1982)
* Teri Maang Sitaron Se Bhar Doon (1982)
* Dharam Kanta (1982)
* Chambal Ke Daku (1982)
* Ganga Maang Rahi Balidan (1981)
* Kaalia (1981)
* Jail Yatra (1981)
* Roohi (1981)
* Madine Ki Galian (1981)
* Choron Ki Baaraat (1980)
* Sister (1980)
* Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki (1978)
* Jagal Bhaag Hamar (1978)
* Aadalat (1977)
* Paapi (1977)
* Parvarish (1977)
* Kitne Paas Kitne Door (1976)
* Shahi Lutera (1976)
* Nagin (1976)
* Ladki Bholi Bhali (1976)
* Gupt Shastra (1975)
* Dost (1974)
* Call Girl (1974)
* Door Nahin Manzil (1973)
* Ek Naav Kinare Do (1973)
* Jeet (1972)
* Parivartan (1972)
* Wafaa (1972)
* Pakeezah (1972)
* Shahar Se Door (1972)
* Dost Aur Dushman (1971)
# Hedge Creek Falls

41°14′14.35″N 122°16′5.30″W﻿ / ﻿41.2373194°N 122.2681389°W﻿ / 41.2373194; -122.2681389
Hedge Creek Falls is a waterfall on Hedge Creek, in the Shasta Cascade area in Dunsmuir, California. There is a small cave located behind the waterfall, allowing visitors to walk behind the cascading water. Shortly after the waterfall, hedge creek flows into the Sacramento River south of Mossbrae Falls. There is a viewing platform over the river, with a view of Mount Shasta. Access to the waterfall and viewing platform is via a short hiking trail. The trail starts at a small park off the Dunsmuir Ave/Siskiyou Ave exit on Interstate 5. The waterfall is 0.2 miles (0.32 km) down Hedge Creek Falls Trail. The close proximity to Interstate 5, makes the waterfall a very popular stopping point for passing motorists.

## Geology and Hydrology

Hedge Creek Falls is located on the southernmost tip of a pre-Pleistocene lava flow from Mount Shasta. Thousands of years of erosion, mostly from the freezing and thawing of water trapped in cracks on the basaltic face, has resulted in the sheared appearance at the face of the falls. The cave behind the falls is a normal occurrence in thick lava flows and not the result of splashing water. The water in Hedge Creek Falls comes from the massive aquifer resultant of several volcanic occurrences and not from the glaciers found on Mt. Shasta. Although small, Hedge Creek Falls is full of beauty and awe. Its single crest, or lip, is reminiscent of its larger sister, Bridalveil Fall, in Yosemite.

## Million Dollar Waterfall

Original interstate 5 construction plans called for Hedge Creek Falls to be buried beneath I-5. Local residents complained so bitterly they forced the highway to be relocated further into the hill. The total cost of this relocation was around a million dollars, hence the nickname "Million Dollar Waterfall".

## Black Bart

Charles E. Bolton, better known as Black Bart, robbed the Roseburg, Oregon to Redding, California stage near Dunsmuir on October 25, 1879. Evidence found at the time indicated that Bart hid in the shallow cave behind the falls prior to the holdup. This was one of three holdups committed by Black Bart in this area. Normally he operated much further south.
# 2013 Hamilton Nationals season

The 2013 Hamilton Nationals season is the fifth and final season for the Hamilton Nationals of Major League Lacrosse, and third since relocating from Toronto. They improved upon their 2012 season in which they finished with a record of 4-10. But lost to the Bayhawks in the semifinals

## Standings

* Playoff Seed
Major League Lacrosse :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | PCT | GB | GF | 2ptGF | GA | 2ptGA |
| Denver Outlaws | 14 | 0 | 1.000 | - | 226 | 10 | 136 | 3 |
| Chesapeake Bayhawks | 9 | 5 | .643 | 5 | 181 | 12 | 149 | 7 |
| Hamilton Nationals | 9 | 5 | .643 | 5 | 170 | 10 | 168 | 10 |
| Charlotte Hounds | 7 | 7 | .500 | 7 | 178 | 10 | 179 | 10 |
| Rochester Rattlers | 6 | 8 | .400 | 8 | 152 | 9 | 171 | 12 |
| Boston Cannons | 5 | 9 | .357 | 9 | 178 | 5 | 202 | 15 |
| New York Lizards | 4 | 10 | .286 | 10 | 144 | 6 | 173 | 7 |
| Ohio Machine | 2 | 12 | .143 | 12 | 130 | 3 | 181 | 6 |
# Height finder

A height finder is a ground-based aircraft altitude measuring device. Early height finders were optical range finder devices combined with simple mechanical computers, while later systems migrated to radar devices. The unique vertical oscillating motion of height finder radars led to them also being known as nodding radar. Devices combining both optics and radar were deployed by the U.S. Military.

## Optical

In World War II, a height finder was an optical rangefinder used to determine the altitude of an aircraft (actually the slant range from the emplacement which was combined with the angle of sight, in a mechanical computer, to produce altitude), used to direct anti-aircraft guns. Examples of American and Japanese versions exist. In the Soviet Union it was usually combined with optical rangefinders.

## Radar

A height finder radar is a type of 2-dimensional radar that measures altitude of a target.
The operator slews the antenna toward a desired bearing, identifies a target echo at a desired range on the range height indicator display, then bisects the target with a cursor that is scaled to indicate the approximate altitude of the target. Such systems often complement 2-dimensional radars which find distance and direction (search radar); thus using two 2-dimensional systems to obtain a 3-dimensional aerial picture. Height finding radars of the 1960s and 70s were distinguished by their antenna being tall, but narrow. As beam shape is a function of antenna shape, the height finder beam was flat and wide horizontally (i.e., not very good at determining bearing to the target), but very thin vertically, allowing accurate measurement of elevation angle, thus altitude.
Modern 3D radar sets find both azimuth and elevation, making separate height finder radars largely obsolete.