OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Corbet Wood and Grinshill

Corbet Wood Countryside Heritage Site and Grinshill Site is a mixture of a woodland and quarrying site in Shropshire. It has been designated a SSSI due to the importance of geology in this area.

## Location

Corbet Wood is located west of the A49 between Shrewsbury and Wem. Grid reference SJ 525237. Corbet Wood is joint with Grinshill (a sandstone outcrop), this outcrop reaches a height of 192m.

## Recreational activities

Walking routes are available, with most pathways rugged due to the steep slopes, so good footwear is needed. Recently a family friendly route has been designed on site.
The Grinshill sandstone ridge holds a good view showing South Shropshire and the Welsh Borders.

## Wildlife

The mixed woodland of coniferous and broad leaf trees covering the quarried sandstone edges mean this site is host to a wide range of woodland birds. Species recorded include coal tits and goldcrests as well as some warblers and woodpeckers. In addition to birds, more than 120 species of butterflies and moths are present throughout the site. Situated at the top of the ridge, remains some relic heathland.

## Background

This site was quarried for centuries and is therefore a historic site of quarrying industry. Some geologists have found fossilized remains of a Triassic reptile making this site even more interesting to geologists. Geologists have also found rain prints and different layers of rock formation in the exposed rock faces.
Due to this geological importance, it has been given two more designations; as a county wildlife site, and on 30 January 2006 a Local Nature Reserve.

## Management plan information

At the end of 2010 the management plan was reviewed for this site. No major changes occurred and only dates needed to be changed. At the moment the management plan has 10 objectives, some of which includes 95% yew covering the area, and to make sure that only a maximum of 10% of the summit is bare ground.

## History

Corbet and Grinshill wood were part of a project involving an archaeological survey. For hundreds of years this area was exploited by quarries for building stone, made available by the geology. The result of this project found 135 features, mostly linked with the post-medieval quarrying that took place, and some ruined cottages and settlement sites, possibly the quarry workers cottages.
# 2023 Judgments of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

This is a list of the judgments given by the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in the year 2023.
In 2023 Lord Reed is the President of the Supreme Court, Lord Hodge is the Deputy President.
The table lists judgments made by the court and the opinions of the judges in each case. Judges are treated as having concurred in another's judgment when they either formally attach themselves to the judgment of another or speak only to acknowledge their concurrence with one or more judges. Any judgment which reaches a conclusion which differs from the majority on one or more major points of the appeal has been treated as dissent.
All dates are for 2023 unless expressly stated otherwise.

## 2023 case summaries

Unless otherwise noted, cases were heard by a panel of 5 judges.
Cases involving Scots law are highlighted in orange. Cases involving Northern Irish law are highlighted in green.
| Case name | Citation | Date | Legal subject | Summary of decision |
| Trustees of the Barry Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses v BXB | [2023] UKSC 15 | 26 April 2023 | Tort law, Vicarious liability | The two-stage test for vicarious liability applies equally to cases of sexual abuse. Merely satisfying the 'but-for' test does not suffice to fulfill the second stage, which is the close connection test. In complex cases, it can be helpful to assess whether the outcome aligns with the underlying policy to ensure justice is served. |
| Jalla & Anor v Shell International Trading and Shipping Co Ltd & Anor | [2023] UKSC 16 | 10 May 2023 | Tort law, Private nuisance, Limitation periods | A one-off event, such as an oil spill or a flood, does not qualify as a continuing private nuisance unless it involves repeated activity by the defendant or an ongoing condition for which the defendant is responsible, causing non-stop interference with the use and enjoyment of the claimant's land. The limitation period for filing a claim does not reset daily merely because the effects of the event persist. |
# Corazzo

Corazzo is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
# Corazzano

Corazzano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of San Miniato, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 331.
Corazzano is about 50 km from Pisa and 15 km from San Miniato.
# Corporate Property Investors

Corporate Property Investors was a real estate investment trust that built several notable shopping centers, including Lenox Square in Atlanta, the Burlington Mall in Massachusetts, and Roosevelt Field Mall in New York.

## History

CPI was founded in 1971 by Disque Deane.
From 1977 to 1998, fashion buyer and pioneering art patron Rosalind Gersten Jacobs was director of merchandise and marketing.
In 1982, the company financed the General Motors Building in Manhattan with $500 million and received an option to buy the building.
In 1991, the company acquired the General Motors Building for $500 million.
In January 1998, The Rouse Company bid for the company. However, Rouse was outbid and CPI was acquired by Simon Property Group.
The General Motors Building was separately sold to Donald Trump and CNO Financial Group for $800 million.
# Ichthyococcus ovatus

Ichthyococcus ovatus is a lightfish of the genus Ichthyococcus.
# Ichthyocotylurus

Ichthyocotylurus is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Strigeidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
* Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809) Odening, 1969
* Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802) Odening, 1969
# Michael Godfrey

Michael Godfrey (22 February 1658 – 1695) was an English merchant and financier, who was one of the founders and the first deputy governor of the Bank of England.

## Family

Godfrey was the eldest son of Michael Godfrey (1624–1689), merchant, of London and Woodford, Essex, and his wife, Anne Mary Chamberlain. He was the nephew of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, a magistrate who was murdered in 1678 after receiving Titus Oates’s depositions concerning the Popish plot and foreman of the grand jury that found a true bill against Edward Fitzharris for high treason.

## Career

Michael Godfrey and his brother Peter Godfrey were merchants, and their father predicted that their speculations would speedily ‘bring into hotchpott’ the whole of their ample fortunes. Godfrey supported William Paterson in the establishment of the Bank of England in 1694. He was rewarded by being elected as the first deputy governor of the bank. Soon afterwards, he published a pamphlet entitled 'A Short Account of the Bank of England'. On 15 August 1694, Godfrey was chosen as one of fifteen persons to prepare bylaws for the new bank.

## Death

At a general court held on 16 May 1695, at which Peter Godfrey was elected a director, the bank resolved to establish a branch at Antwerp in order to coin money to pay the troops in Flanders. Deputy-governors Sir James Houblon, Sir William Scawen, and Michael Godfrey were therefore appointed to go thither ‘to methodise the same, his majesty and the elector of Bavaria having agreed there too’.
On their arrival at Namur, then besieged by William, the king invited them to dinner in his tent. They went out of curiosity into the trenches, where a cannon-ball from the works of the besieged killed Godfrey as he stood near the king on 17 July 1695.
'Being an eminent merchant,' writes Luttrell, 'he is much lamented; this news has abated the actions of the bank by 2 percent." He was unmarried and was buried near his father in the church of St. Swithin, Walbrook, where his mother erected a tablet to his memory.

## Publications

* A Short Account Of The Bank Of England by Michael Godfrey (1695)
# Michael Goebel

Michael Goebel (born 1976) is a German historian. Since 2021, he has been Einstein Professor of Global History at Freie Universität Berlin.

## Biography

Born in Munich, Goebel studied History at Freie Universität Berlin and University College London, where he received his Ph.D. in 2006. He subsequently held a Past & Present Fellowship at the Institute of Historical Research, a Marie Curie Fellowship at the European University Institute, and a John F. Kennedy Memorial Fellowship at Harvard University. After four years as "Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter", Freie Universität Berlin appointed him as a professor in June 2015. In 2018 he became the holder of the Pierre du Bois Chair Europe and the World at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. He is one of the founders of the Global Urban History blog and a member of the Graduate School Global Intellectual History at Freie Universität Berlin.
Goebel's main research interests are the histories of nationalism, of migration, and of cities. Trained in the intellectual history of Latin America, his first book dealt with nationalism and the political use of history in twentieth-century Argentina. However, his second book, Anti-Imperial Metropolis: Interwar Paris and the Seeds of Third World Nationalism, deals with the urban history of Paris as the “‘social bedrock’ for the formation of an anti-imperialist consciousness that transformed the world after 1945.” The book won the 2016 Jerry Bentley Prize in World History, awarded by the American Historical Association. Even though the book champions the benefits of “global history,” Goebel elsewhere warned that an “over-endearment with phenomena and historical explanations that cross national, and now regional, boundaries (…) can lead to unconvincing historical accounts, or narratives that drown questions of causality in a never-ending assemblage of sparkly anecdotes about ‘entanglement.’”

## Original works

* Anti-Imperial Metropolis: Interwar Paris and the Seeds of Third World Nationalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).
* edited with Nicola Foote: Immigration and National Identities in Latin America (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2014).
* Overlapping Geographies of Belonging: Migrations, Regions, and Nations in the Western South Atlantic (Washington, DC: American Historical Association, 2013).
* La Argentina partida: nacionalismos y políticas de la historia (Buenos Aires: Prometeo, 2013).
* Argentina’s Partisan Past: Nationalism and the Politics of History (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2011).
# Idaea occidentaria

Idaea occidentaria is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Idaea occidentaria is 7117.
# Idioderma

Idioderma is a genus of treehoppers belonging to the tribe Amastrini.

## Species

There are two species recognised in the genus Idioderma:
* Idioderma picta Osborn
* Idioderma virescens Van Duzee
# 2023 World Para Swimming Championships – Freestyle relays

The freestyle relay events at the 2023 World Para Swimming Championships will be held at the Manchester Aquatics Centre between 31 July and 6 August. One will be held solely for S14 (intellectual disability) athletes; the other three will be an aggregate points based system to allow swimmers from multiple classifications to be eligible.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Mixed 4 × 100 m freestyle relay (S14) | Great Britain William Ellard Jessica-Jane Applegate Poppy Maskill Jordan Catchpole | Australia Jack Ireland Madeleine McTernan Ruby Storm Benjamin Hance | Brazil Joao Pedro Brutos de Oliveira Ana Karolina Soares de Oliveira Beatriz Borges Carneiro Gabriel Bandeira |
| Mixed 4 x 50m freestyle relay (20 points) | China Guo Jincheng Lu Dong He Shenggao Yuan Weiyi | Brazil | Ukraine Anna Hontar Dmytro Vynohradets Iryna Poida Oleksandr Komarov |
| Mixed 4 × 100 m freestyle relay (34 points) | Italy | France | Brazil |
| Mixed 4 × 100 m freestyle relay (49 points) | Brazil | Spain | Ukraine |

## Results
### Mixed 4 x 100m freestyle relay (S14)

The race was held as a straight final on 3 August.
The applicable records on entry for this event were as follows:
| Record | Team | Time |
| World record | Great Britain | 3:40.63 |
| Championship record | Great Britain | 3:42.21 |

#### Final

| Rank | Nation | Result | Notes |
| | Great Britain William Ellard Jessica-Jane Applegate Poppy Maskill Jordan Catchpole | 3:42.42 | |
| | Australia Jack Ireland Madeleine McTernan Ruby Storm Benjamin Hanse | 3:45.58 | |
| | Brazil Joao Pedro Brutos de Oliveira Ana Karolina Soares de Oliveira Beatriz Borges Carneiro Gabriel Bandeira | 3:51.12 | |
| 4 | Hong Kong Tang Wai Lok Cheung Tsun Lok Chan Yui-lam Cheung Ho Ying | 3:56.61 | AR |
| 5 | Japan Kinoshita Aira Matsuda Anku Serizawa Mikaka Murakami Shunya | 4:02.18 | |
# 2023 World Para Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre breaststroke

The men's 100m breaststroke events at the 2023 World Para Swimming Championships were held at the Manchester Aquatics Centre between 31 July and 6 August.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| SB4 | Antonios Tsapatakis Greece | Andrii Drapkin Ukraine | Nicolas Rivero Argentina |
| SB5 | Antoni Ponce Bertran Spain | Leo McCrea Switzerland | Danylo Semenykhin Ukraine |
| SB6 | Yang Hong China | Nelson Crispín Colombia | Yevhenii Bohodaiko Ukraine |
| SB8 | Carlos Serrano Zárate Colombia | Vicente Almonacid Chile | Xu Haijiao China |
| SB9 | Stefano Raimondi Italy | Maurice Wetekam Germany | Hector Denayer France |
| SB11 | Rogier Dorsman Netherlands | Danylo Chufarov Ukraine | Keiichi Kimura Japan |
| SB12 | Vali Israfilov Azerbaijan | Oleksii Fedyna Ukraine | Martin Alex Villarejo Spain |
| SB13 | Taliso Engel Germany | Nurdaulet Zhumagali Kazakhstan | David Henry Abrahams United States |
| SB14 | Naohide Yamaguchi Japan | Nicholas Bennett Canada | Jake Michel Australia |

## Results
### SB4
#### Final

Eight swimmers from eight nations took part.
| Rank | Name | Nation | Result |
| | Antonios Tsapatakis | Greece | 1:39.53 |
| | Andrii Drapkin | Ukraine | 1:40.83 |
| | Manuel Bortuzzo | Argentina | 1:46.08 |
| 4 | Miguel Ángel Rincón | Colombia | 1:47.48 |
| 5 | Luis Huerta Poza | Italy | 1:47.63 |
| 6 | Muhammad Nur Syaiful Zulkafli | Malaysia | 1:48.13 |
| 7 | Luis Huerta Poza | Spain | 1:54.98 |
| 8 | Zeyad Kahil | Egypt | 1:56.35 |

### SB9
#### Final

Eight swimmers from seven nations took part.
| Rank | Name | Nation | Result |
| | Stefano Raimondi | Italy | 1:06.36 |
| | Maurice Wetekam | Germany | 1:08.89 |
| | Hector Denayer | France | 1:09.00 |
| 4 | Riccardo Menciotti | Italy | 1:09.95 |
| 5 | James Leroux | Canada | 1:10.29 |
| 6 | Ruan Felipe Lima de Souza | Brazil | 1:10.55 |
| 7 | Fredrik Solberg | Norway | 1:12.27 |
| 8 | Tomás Cordeiro | Portugal | 1:13.15 |
# Michael Paterson (disambiguation)

Michael Paterson may refer to:
* Michael Paterson, New Zealand born rugby union player
* Mike Paterson, British computer scientist
# Cosimo Izzo

Cosimo Izzo (5 May 1943 – 26 December 2022) was an Italian lawyer and politician. A member of Forza Italia and The People of Freedom, he served in the Senate of the Republic from 2001 to 2013.
Izzo died in Naples on 26 December 2022, at the age of 79.
# Michael Huber (priest)

Michael Huber (5 July 1841 – 14 March 1911) was a Bavarian Catholic priest and politician of the Centre Party. As priest, he worked as military chaplain, father of confession, parish priest and member of the Cathedral Chapter of Regensburg. As politician, he served one electoral period in the Reichstag and two electoral periods in the Kammer der Abgeordneten [de] of Bavaria.

## Life and church career

Huber was born on 5 July 1841 in Amberg. After graduating from the gymnasium in Amberg, he studied Catholic theology at the University of Munich. He was further educated at the seminary in Regensburg and was ordained as a priest on 26 June 1864. He worked as a priest in Asenkofen near Neufahrn in Niederbayern and as military chaplain in Amberg and during the 1866 Austro-Prussian War. Huber also worked as father of confession for nuns, as institutional inspector in Niederviehbach, and from 1871 as parish priest in Rothenstadt. He became a member of the Cathedral chapter in Regensburg and received the title of Geistlicher Rat [de] (Spiritual Councillor) from the bishop and the title of Domestic Prelate from the pope. He died on 14 March 1911 in Regensburg.

## Political career

For the Catholic Centre Party, Huber was a member of the Reichstag from 1874 to 1877. He was elected as representative of the Oberpfalz 5 electoral district (Neustadt an der Waldnaab) with 80.98% of the vote in the 1874 German federal election. From 1887 to 1899, Huber was a member of the Bavarian Kammer der Abgeordneten [de], where he served on the committee for finance. In his first electoral period, he represented the electoral district of Straubing, in the second period that of Stadtamhof.
# Idalus tuisana

Idalus tuisana is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1910. It is found in Costa Rica.
# Idalus tybris

Idalus tybris is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Pieter Cramer in 1776. It is found in Brazil.
# Iannotta

Iannotta is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Angela Iannotta (born 1971), Australian football player and coach
* Gianfranco Iannotta (born 1994), American athlete
# Megachile guineae

Megachile guineae is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Strand in 1912.
# List of statutory instruments of Australia, 1904

This is a list of Australian statutory instruments from 1904.

## 1904 Commonwealth of Australia numbered acts

* Acts Interpretation Act 1904 (no. 1, 1904)
* Supplementary Appropriation Act 1903-4 (no. 2, 1904)
* Supplementary Appropriation (works And Buildings) Act 1903-4 (no. 3, 1904)
* Supply Act (no 1) 1904-5 (no. 4, 1904)
* Supply Act (no 2) 1904-5 (no. 5, 1904)
* Further Supplementary Appropriation Act 1902-3 (no. 6, 1904)
* Seat of Government Act 1904 (no. 7, 1904)
* Supply Act (no 3) 1904-5 (no. 8, 1904)
* Supply Act (no 4) 1904-5 (no. 9, 1904)
* Supply Act (no 5) 1904-5 (no. 10, 1904)
* Appropriation (works And Buildings) Act 1904-5 (no. 11, 1904)
* Defence Act 1904 (no. 12, 1904)
* Commonwealth Conciliation And Arbitration Act 1904 (no. 13, 1904)
* Sea-carriage Of Goods Act 1904 (no. 14, 1904)
* Appropriation Act 1904-5 (no. 15, 1904)
# Palm Park Formation

The Palm Park Formation is a geologic formation in southern New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Eocene epoch.

## Description

The formation consists of reddish clastic sediments, including some beds of boulder conglomerate with individual boulders up to 12 feet (3.7 m) in diameter. The red color is attributed to a source in the Abo Formation. The upper beds contains considerable latite to andesite breccia interbedded with tuffaceous claystone and siltstone. The Palm Park Formation rests gradationally on the Love Ranch Formation, is unconformably overlain by the Bell Top Formation, Rincon Valley Formation, or Santa Fe Group, and has a thickness of about 2,000 feet (610 m).
The original age estimate, based on radiometric ages of intrusions and interbedded flows, ranged from 42 to 51 million years. More recent high-precision U-Pb dating gives an age of 45.0±0.7 Ma for an ash fall tuff in the lower part of the formation in the Robledo Mountains and an age of 39.6±0.5 Ma for an ash fall tuff in the upper part of the formation in the Sierra de las Uvas. The interbedded ash fall tuffs and volcaniclastic beds of the formation are interpreted as volcanic activity after the end of Laramide mountain building but before the opening of the Rio Grande Rift. At this time, the remnants of the Farallon Plate began to sink into the deep mantle and hot mantle rock rose to take their place, triggering the Mid-Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up.

## Fossils

The Palm Park Formation contains hot-water stromatolites. Stable oxygen isotope measurements show that the fine layers (laminae) making up the stromatolites were deposited seasonally, with the sparry (coarsely crystalline) layers deposited in the spring and summer, and the micritic (fine-grained) layers deposited in the fall and winter. This suggests that laminae in more ancient stromatolites are also seasonal in nature.
The formation also contains Eocene fossil vertebrates of Chadronian age. These are found in deeply weathered volcaniclastic beds of the middle and upper part of the formation that are interbedded with plant- and gastropod-bearing travertines, and most are also badly weathered. However, they include shell fragments of the tortoise Stylemys, jaw fragments of Hyaenodon horriblis, tooth fragments likely of Hyracodon, and a partial skeleton of a protoceratid.

## Economic geology

Barite-galena-manganese deposits are present in the Palm Park Formation in the Rincon basin. These had produced 10,520 tons of barite and 1529 tons of 27%-40% manganese ore by 1998. The formation also contains gypsum and travertine, but not in economic amounts for the 1998 market.

## History of investigation

The formation was first named by V.C. Kelley and Caswell Silver in 1952 for exposures in Palm Park, southeast of Caballo. Because no complete section exists, a type locality was designated instead of a type section. Steven M. Cather and his coinvestigators assigned the Palm Park Formation to the Spears Group in 1994.
# Henry Choo

Henry Choo is an Australian operatic lyric tenor who has performed in all three of Donizetti's "Tudor Operas" (Anna Bolena, Maria Stuarda, Roberto Devereux).

## Early life

Choo was born in Malaysia as Henry Sze Miin Choo, and migrated to Australia at an early age.

## Musical career

Choo trained from an early age in piano, violin and singing. He attended Melbourne High School. Choo achieved an associate diploma in singing under the tutelage of Noel Ancell of the Australian Boys Choir, and furthered his operatic studies at the Melba Conservatorium and the Australian National Academy of Music, as well as with late French repertoire specialist Susan Falk.
Choo is a graduate of the Young Artist Program of Opera Queensland and the Moffatt Oxenbould Young Artist Development Program of Opera Australia. In 2004 he made his professional debut as Ernesto in Opera Queensland's production of Don Pasquale, which also toured regional Queensland. He featured in the world premiere of Brett Dean's 2010 opera Bliss at the Sydney Opera House which was broadcast live on ABC Television and released on DVD. His debut in a major role for Opera Australia was in 2010 as the Italian Singer in Richard Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier. This production was broadcast to Australian cinemas and released on DVD. On the concert stage, he sang the tenor role in the world premiere of Christopher Bowen's An Australian War Requiem in 2014 at the Sydney Town Hall which was released on CD and DVD. Choo sang Don Ottavio in Elke Neidhardt's 2008 production for Opera Australia. He sang the same role in Opera Australia's 2011 production which was broadcast on ABC Television and released on DVD.
Choo sang, together with Antoinette Halloran, "So Long, Farewell" in P. J. Hogan's 2012 film Mental.
In 2015, he received a Green Room Award nomination for his portrayal of Roberto in Donizetti's Maria Stuarda for Melbourne Opera, where he also sang the title role in an English-language production of Donizetti's Roberto Devereux. He completed in the same year Donizetti's "Tudor Operas" as Lord Percy in Anna Bolena in Perth. For CitiOpera Melbourne he sang Bacchus in Richard Strauss's Ariadne auf Naxos in 2016.

## Discography

In 2018, Choo released his debut solo album, a collection of lyric arias and songs entitled Bright Poet, recorded with Orchestra Wellington conducted by Marc Taddei. It was chosen by Melbourne classical radio station 3MBS as their CD of the week in August that year.