OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johann Friedrich Ahlfeld

Johann Friedrich Ahlfeld (16 October 1843 in Alsleben – 25 May 1929 in Marburg) was a German obstetrician and gynecologist.
From 1863 to 1867 he studied medicine at the universities of Greifswald and Leipzig, where he was a pupil of Carl Siegmund Franz Credé. In 1868 he received his doctorate with the dissertation-thesis Über Zerreissung der Schamfuge während der Geburt. In 1873 he obtained his habilitation for obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Leipzig, and in 1877 attained the title of associate professor. In 1881 he became a full professor at the University of Giessen, then two years later relocated to Marburg as director of the university Frauenklinik and school for midwives.

## Associated terms

* "Ahlfeld's method": A term formerly used for disinfection of the hands using hot water and alcohol.
* "Alfeld's sign": Irregular uterine contraction after the third month of pregnancy.

## Selected works

* Die Technik der Schwangerenuntersuchung, 1873 – The technique of pregnancy investigation.
* Lehrbuch der Geburtshilfe zur wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Ausbildung, (1874, 2nd edition 1898) – Textbook of obstetrics for scientific and practical training.
* Die Missbildungen des Menschen; eine systematische Darstellung der beim Menschen angeboren vorkommenden Missbildungen und Erklärung ihrer Entstehungsweise (2 parts, 1880–82) – Malformations of humans; a systematic presentation of congenital malformations occurring in humans and explanations of their mode of origin.
* Abwartende Methode oder Credéscher Handgriff, 1888 – Wait-and-see approach or Crede's maneuver.
* Die Desinfection der Hand des Geburtshelfers und Chirurgen, 1901 – Disinfection of the hands for the obstetrician and surgeon.
# Alloy (Skepticism album)

Alloy is the fourth studio album by the Finnish funeral doom band Skepticism.

## History

The album was released in both Finland and the USA by Red Stream Inc. on October 20, 2008, five years after the band's previous album, Farmakon. Following the album's release, Skepticism went on an "Exorcising the Funeral" tour alongside the bands Pantheist and Ophis. Skepticism also performed at the Dutch Doom Days and have plans for "The Maniacal Alloy Tour" with Esoteric.

## Track listing

* "The Arrival" – 6:38
* "March October" – 10:30
* "Antimony" – 8:46
* "The Curtain" – 5:48
* "Pendulum" – 9:13
* "Oars in the Dusk" – 6:22

## Personnel

* Matti - vocals
* Jani Kekarainen - guitars
* Eero Pöyry - keyboards
* Lasse Pelkonen - drums
# Leo Trippe

Leonard Lawton Trippe (November 20, 1891 – 1964) was an American-born Canadian hardware merchant, farm implement dealer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Turtleford from 1948 to 1952 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal.
He was born in Schuyler, Nebraska, the son of Dr. E.R. Trippe, and was educated in the United States. In 1917, Trippe married Maude Wright. He served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I. He was defeated by Bob Wooff when he ran for reelection in 1952.
# Elachista dolabella

Elachista dolabella is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found in the United States, where it has been recorded from California.
# Məmmədrzalı

Məmmədrzalı (also, Mamed-Rzali and Mamedrzaly) is a village and municipality in the Jalilabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,491.
# Johann Friedrich Adolf von der Marwitz

Johann Friedrich Adolf von der Marwitz (24 March 1723 – 14 December 1781) was a Prussian general during the epoch of Frederick the Great.

## Biography

Born on his family's estate, Friedersdorf, near Seelow, district of Küstrin; †he entered the cavalry regiment Gensdarmes at the age of 17 and was promoted to commander over the years. In the Battle of Zorndorf he led his regiment with distinction and was promoted to major. He was even awarded the highest decoration of Prussia, the Pour le Mérite. In the battle of Hochkirch he fought and led his troops with success. Near the end of the Seven Years' War Prussian troops conquered the elector of Saxonys hunting lodge, Hubertusburg, near Leipzig.
The castle was given to Marwitz by the Prussian king Friedrich II., together with the order to sack it thoroughly. This was intended to be King Frederick's revenge for the sacking of Charlottenburg Palace by Russian, Austrian, and Saxon troops in 1760, depriving him of his highly beloved collection of antiques. Given the order to sack the castle, von der Marwitz replied to his king, "This is unbefitting to an officer of His Majesty" ("es würde sich allenfalls für den Offizier eines Freibataillons schicken, nicht aber für einen Kommandeur Seiner Majestät Gensdarmes") and resigned his commission.
Frederick then gave the castle to his adjutant Quintus Icilius, who finally sacked and sold it. Several years later, von der Marwitz won most of the famous Hubertusburg books collection playing cards against Quintus Icilius.
Many years fallen from grace with Frederick the Great, Marwitz eventually became employed during the War of the Bavarian Succession as a Major Kriegskommissar with the king's brother Prince Henry of Prussia. Near the end of his life he was promoted to Major General. On the distribution of his parents' heritage he was assigned his family's stately home, Friedersdorf. However, he paid little attention to it, instead staying in Berlin, with his beloved books and paintings. He died, as his brother writes, "completely insolvent", but as an "extremely honest and widely tributed soldier, an honourable and very well-educated man of the world, a great friend of literature and arts".
His tombstone bears the following inscription, engraved by his nephew Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz: "Chose disfavour where obedience did not bring honour" ("Wählte Ungnade, wo Gehorsam nicht Ehre brachte.")
Johann Friedrich Adolf von der Marwitz died unmarried in Berlin in 1781.

## Legacy

"Chose disgrace where obedience does not bring honour" This gravestone inscription is still a widely known phrase in Germany, to denote an example of a man who decided against his orders when he judged them as unjust. Also the 20 July plot conspirers referred to him to show that every single man is responsible to his conscience first, and only secondly to his political leader.

## Literature (German)

* Günter de Bruyn: Mein Brandenburg, Frankfurt/M 1993
* Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz, Nachrichten aus meinem Leben, (Hg.: Günter de Bruyn), Berlin 1989
# Old Road of Candelaria

The Old Road of Candelaria (also Camino Viejo de Candelaria, Camino de Candelaria, Camino Real de Candelaria and Camino de Nuestra Señora de Candelaria) is an old pilgrimage route, declared in part of its route an Bien de Interés Cultural, with the category of Historical Site, since 2008. It runs through the municipalities of Candelaria, El Rosario, San Cristóbal de La Laguna and slightly Santa Cruz de Tenerife on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). It is linked to the cult of the Virgin of Candelaria (patroness of the Canary Islands).

## Characteristics

21 kilometer long path, which corresponds to the path that connected the old capital of Tenerife, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, with the coastal center of Candelaria. It leaves La Laguna along the Camino de San Francisco de Paula, through Los Baldíos and Llano del Moro, to head as the first major milestone on the route to the Church of Our Lady of El Rosario in Machado, continuing through the payments from Barranco Hondo and Igueste de Candelaria to the Marian villa.
From very early times it became an annual pilgrimage route, linked to religious devotion to the Virgin of Candelaria and her sanctuary. This path is already mentioned in the land distribution documents carried out by Adelantado Alonso Fernández de Lugo after the conquest. In the text by Alonso de Espinosa, referring to the miracles of the Virgin of Candelaria, he alludes to the opening of the road in the second decade of the 16th century, while indicating that around 1534 the hermitage of Nuestra Lady of the Rosary, as a resting place for pilgrims who went on pilgrimage. At the same time, it was the path used by the procession that carried the image of the Virgin of Candelaria in prayer, when it was taken to La Laguna due to the various calamities that affected the island.
It is therefore one of the oldest roads on the island and, possibly, one of the greatest heritage value, taking into account its antiquity, and the historical, religious and ideological circumstances that surround its future, without forgetting the ethnographic values derived of the construction of traditional paths, delimited by dry stone walls, with firm paving in the most difficult sectors and adaptation to the morphology of the terrain.
Currently, it continues to be used as one of the Pilgrimage routes to Candelaria. The institutionalized route of the Old road of Candelaria, organized by the town councils of El Rosario and Candelaria, takes place annually at the end of January (within the framework of the liturgical festival of the Virgin). It is also held during the August celebrations of the Virgin.
# John Altham

John Altham (1589 – November 5, 1640), also known as John Gravenor, was a British Jesuit missionary who came to North America to preach to the Native Americans.

## Life

He was born in Warwickshire, England, in 1589. In November 1633, he and fellow Jesuit Andrew White set sail with Governor Leonard Calvert and arrived in the Chesapeake Bay area in March 1634. Upon landing, he obtained a hut from its Indian owner, which he fitted up for religious service, and it was afterward known as "the first chapel in Maryland." He performed his missionary work among the Indians around Kent Island from 1634 till his death from yellow fever, in nearby St. Mary's, Maryland, in 1640.
# Nautilocalyx glandulifer

Nautilocalyx glandulifer is a species of plant in the family Gesneriaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
# Old Roar Gill and Coronation Wood

Old Roar Gill and Coronation Wood is a 7.6-hectare (19-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Hastings in East Sussex. It is owned and managed by Hastings Borough Council.
This site has areas of open water, broadleaved woodland, fern and tall herbs. Old Roar Gill is a narrow steep-sided valley at the northern end of Alexandra Park. It has uncommon liverworts, mosses and lichens, together with rare and scarce invertebrates such as Rolph's door snail and the crane fly Lipsothrix nervosa.
# Nautilina

The Nautilina is the last suborder of the Nautilida and the only nautiloids living since the end of the Triassic. The Nautilina, proposed by Shimanskiy, is basically the Nautilaceae of Kummel, 1964, defined by Furnish and Glenister, but differs in omitting two families, the Paracenoceratidae and Pseudonautilidae which instead are placed in the Liroceratina.
The Nautilina are derived from the Syringonautilidae, a family in the Centroceratina (Trigonocerataceae), in the Late Triassic and consists of four families, the Nautilidae, Cymatoceratidae, Herocoglossidae, and Aturiidae. The Nautilidae, which is the root stock of the suborder, includes the living Nautilus.
The Nautilidae are involute or slightly evolute and generally smooth with straight to sinuous sutures. The Cymatoceratidae, which are the most common of the Cretaceous nautiloids, are strongly ribbed. The Hercoglossidae are smooth but with differentiated sutures, in some with deep lateral lobes and well-developed saddles. The Aturiidae (Aturia) is similar to the Hercoglossidae except for being more discoidal and having a more complex suture and subdorsal siphuncle.
The Nautilidae gave rise to the Cymatoceratidae and Hercoglossidae during the Jurassic while the Herocoglossidae became ancestral to the Aturiidae near the beginning of the Cenozoic. The Cymatoceratidae and Hercoglossidae became extinct near the end of the Paleogene while the Aturiidae reached into the Neogene. Only the Nautilidae remain.
# Nautilocalyx

Nautilocalyx is a genus of plants in the family Gesneriaceae. Its native range stretches from Costa Rica to southern Tropical America and to Trinidad. It is also found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panamá, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago and Venezuela.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Nautilocalyx:
* Nautilocalyx aeneus (Linden & André) Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx antioquensis Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx arenarius L.E.Skog & Steyerm.
* Nautilocalyx bicolor (Hook.) Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx biserrulatus Kriebel
* Nautilocalyx bracteatus (Linden) Sprague
* Nautilocalyx bullatus (Lem.) Sprague
* Nautilocalyx cataractarum Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx colombianus Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx decumbens (Mart.) Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx ecuadoranus Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx erytranthus J.L.Clark & M.M.Mora
* Nautilocalyx fasciculatus L.E.Skog & Steyerm.
* Nautilocalyx forgetii (Sprague) Sprague
* Nautilocalyx glandulifer Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx hirsutus (Sprague) Sprague
* Nautilocalyx hirtiflorus (Spruce ex Hanst.) Sprague
* Nautilocalyx kohlerioides (Leeuwenb.) Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx lehmannii Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx leticianus Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx luciani (Linden & E.Fourn.) Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx lynchii (Hook.f.) Sprague
* Nautilocalyx maguirei L.E.Skog & Steyerm.
* Nautilocalyx membranaceus (C.V.Morton) Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx mimuloides (Benth.) C.V.Morton
* Nautilocalyx mulfordii Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx pallidus (Sprague) Sprague
* Nautilocalyx pemphidius L.E.Skog
* Nautilocalyx peruvianus Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx picturatus L.E.Skog
* Nautilocalyx pictus (Hook.) Sprague
* Nautilocalyx punctatus Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx purpurascens Kriebel
* Nautilocalyx resioides (Leeuwenb.) Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx rugosus R.Rojas & J.L.Clark
* Nautilocalyx sastrei Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx silvaticus (Cuatrec.) Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx speciosus Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx urticifolius (Leeuwenb.) Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx vinosus Wiehler
* Nautilocalyx whitei Rusby
# Aloysius Murwito

Aloysius Murwito (born December 20, 1950) is a Roman Catholic priest and second Bishop of Agats in Indonesia.
The health problems of his predecessor Alphonsus Augustus Sowada, including a quadruple heart bypass in 1999, led to his retirement on May 9, 2001. Murwito succeeded him as Bishop of Agats in 2002.
# Allenc

Allenc is a commune in the Lozère department in southern France. The triple divide between the Gironde, Loire, and Rhône basins lies within the commune.
# Allis Township, Michigan

Allis Township is a civil township of Presque Isle County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 925.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 66.0 square miles (171 km$^2$), of which 64.6 square miles (167 km$^2$) is land and 1.4 square miles (3.6 km$^2$) (2.15%) is water.
North Allis Township is adjacent to the north.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,035 people, 394 households, and 289 families residing in the township. The population density was 16.0 inhabitants per square mile (6.2/km$^2$). There were 521 housing units at an average density of 8.1 per square mile (3.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.20% White, 1.16% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39% of the population.
There were 394 households, out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.7% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the township the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $31,477, and the median income for a family was $33,750. Males had a median income of $30,515 versus $17,656 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,419. About 8.2% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.
# Ola Christofersen

Ola Christian Christofersen (23 September 1866 – 24 September 1922) was a Norwegian newspaper editor.
He was born in Sørum as a son of leather trader Martin Christofersen (1843–1925) and Caroline Mathea Johnsen (1833–1890). In 1897 he married wholesaler's daughter Olga Jensine Brodtkorb (1878–1920). His sister married roads director Andreas Baalsrud, making Christofersen as uncle of Terje Baalsrud and Jan Baalsrud.
Christofersen finished his secondary education in 1886 and took the University's admission test in 1887. He then enrolled in the Norwegian Military Academy, reaching the ranks of Premier Lieutenant in 1892 and Captain 1901. While studying at the Military Academy and later law (without graduating), he edited the Norwegian edition of Illustreret Konversationsleksikon and worked in Retsbladet.
He was hired as a journalist in Ørebladet in 1891, and became chief editor in 1892. He also became the private secretary of Fridtjof Nansen in the same year, and as such Nansen's secretary during the 1893–1896 Fram expedition. From 1894 to 1897 he also worked in Morgenbladet. He then became a journalist in Aftenposten, being promoted to subeditor in 1899 and financial director in 1906. He was a close aide to chief editor Amandus Schibsted, and upon Schibsted's death in 1913 he was succeeded by Christofersen and Thorstein Diesen. Christofersen almost never wrote in the paper, but handled practical affairs. He was more of a pecuniary strategist than the politically inclined Diesen, leading to professional and personal disagreements during the First World War. Christofersen withdrew in 1919.
Christofersen was a co-founder of Kristiania Journalist Club, which he chaired from 1895 to 1899 and 1904 to 1906. For his own partisan press he served as vice chairman of the Conservative Press Association from 1903 to 1909. He was later a board member of the nationwide Norwegian Press Association. He died in September 1922 in Kristiania.
# Auma (disambiguation)

Auma is a town and a former municipality in Thuringia, Germany, today part of Auma-Weidatal.
Auma may also refer to:
* AUMA, Adult Use of Marijuana Act, a 2016 voter initiative in California
* Auma (river), of Thuringia, Germany
* Auma, American Samoa, a village on Tutuila Island
* Auma (surname)
Given name:
# Nauener Platz (Berlin U-Bahn)

Nauener Platz is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U9 line. The square that gives it its name is named after the city of Nauen.
It was opened in 1976 by Rümmler. The colors of the station are a reference to the French tricolore as the part of Berlin where the station is, was a part of the French sector.
# Olaiyur, Tiruchirappalli district

Olaiyur is a village in the Srirangam taluk of Tiruchirappalli district in Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Olaiyur had a population of 1,064 with 521 males and 543 females. The sex ratio was 1042 and the literacy rate, 58.17.
# Olaiyur

Olaiyur is a Village Panchayat at Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Geography

Olaiyur is located at Ariyalur District. It has an average elevation of 45 m (148 ft).

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Olaiyur had a total population of 2717 with 1357 males and 1360 females.

## Climate

The climate is cool and hot, rainy during September–November. Temperatures during the summer reach maximum 38 and minimum of 22 degrees Celsius. Winter temperatures range between 30 and 17 degrees Celsius.

## Occupation

More than 90% people are depending on Agriculture directly or indirectly. Olaiyur is the major sugarcane producing village in the District.
This village has excellent literacy rate. Cashew nuts are major products next to sugarcane.

## Education

This village hosts a Government Higher Education School, which is one of the primitive school in the locality. Now there are 3 schools in the village.

## Facilities

The village hosts Post office, TNEB Sub Station but lacks a primary health centre.
# Olaj Olsen

Olaj Johan Olsen (6 April 1851 – 16 June 1920) was a Norwegian jurist and politician.
He made a career as a civil servant in various government ministries. He was later promoted to serve as Minister of Justice and the Police and Minister of Finance and Customs in 1888 and 1889, member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm from 1896 to 1897 and Minister of the Interior from 1897 to 1898.
He was also County Governor of Nordre Bergenhus amt from 1889. In 1902, he left this post to become burgomaster of his hometown Bergen.
# Dominick Browne, 1st Baron Oranmore and Browne

Dominick Browne, 1st Baron Oranmore and Browne PC (28 May 1787 – 30 January 1860), was an Irish politician.
Browne was the son of Dominick Geoffrey Browne and his wife Margaret. She was the daughter of the Hon. George Browne, 4th son of John, 1st Earl of Altamont.
He sat as Member of Parliament for County Mayo from 1814 to 1826 and from 1830 to 1836 and was admitted to the Irish Privy Council in 1834. In 1836 he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Oranmore and Browne, of Carrabrowne Castle in the County of the Town of Galway and of Castle Macgarret in the County of Mayo.
Lord Oranmore and Browne married Catherine Anne Isabella, daughter of Henry Monck, in 1811. He died in January 1860, aged 72, and was succeeded in the barony by his son Geoffrey. Lady Oranmore and Browne died in 1865. Another son was William Montague Browne (1823–1883) an Officer in the Confederate States Army.
# National parks in Hokkaido

National parks in Hokkaido are 6 protected areas. Those are: Rishiri Rebun Sarobetsu National Park, Shiretoko National Park, Akan Mashu National Park, Kushiro Shitsugen National Park, Daisetsuzan National Park, and Shikotsu Toya National Park. Natural Parks, including the national park areas, are established in about 10% of the total land area of Hokkaido Prefecture.

## History

The first parks were created in 1934.

## List

* The Akan Mashu National Park was created in 1934. The park covers 90,481 ha of north east Hokkaido. Highlights of the park include
   * Kawasu Onsen
   * Mount Iō
   * Tsutsujigahara
   * Lake Mashū
   * Lake Kussharo
   * Bihoro Pass
   * Mount Mokoto
   * Wakoto Peninsula
   * Mount Nishibetsu-dake
* Daisetsuzan National Park was created in 1934. Daisetsuzan is the largest national park in Japan. Its area includes 230,000 ha (568,000 acres) in the mountains in the center of Hokkaido. Among its highlights are
   * Sōunkyō Gorge
   * Kogen Onsen
   * Aizankei
   * Lake Shikaribetsu
   * Mikuni Pass
Hidaka-sanmyaku Erimo Tokachi National Park”
* Kushiro-shitsugen National Park was created in 1987. The park includes
   * Hoso'oka Observatory
   * Onnenai
   * Lake Toro
* Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu National Park was created in 1974. The park includes
   * Mount Rishiri
   * Rebun Island
   * Sarobetsu plain
* Shikotsu-Tōya National Park was created in 1949. The park includes
   * Lake Shikotsu
   * Noboribetsu Onsen
   * Mount Yōtei
   * Lake Tōya
* Shiretoko National Park was created in 1964. Shiretoko is a peninsula at the northeastern end of Hokkaido. Its Ainu name means "land's end." The park's area includes 38,633 ha in Hokkaido. In 2005, Shiretoko was listed by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage site (WHS). The WHS area include 71,100 ha. The park includes
   * Shiretoko Pass
   * Furepe Falls
   * Mt. Rausu-dake
# Navafría

Navafría is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 370 inhabitants.