OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David A. Matthews

David A. Matthews was an American soldier who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Indian Campaigns. Matthews was born March 7, 1847, in Boston, Massachusetts. He served in the United States Army as a corporal in Company E of the 8th U.S. Cavalry. Mathews died in Worcester, Massachusetts, on September 12, 1923.

## Medal of Honor Citation

Matthews' Medal of Honor citation reads as follows:
   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Corporal David A. Matthews, United States Army, for bravery in scouts and actions against Indians during 1868 and 1869, while serving with Company E, 8th U.S. Cavalry, in action at Arizona Territory.
# Mount Bergin

Mount Bergin (67°42′S 48°55′E﻿ / ﻿67.700°S 48.917°E﻿ / -67.700; 48.917) is a mountain, 700 m (2,300 ft), standing 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) west of Mount Maslen in the Raggatt Mountains, Enderby Land. It was plotted from air photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1956. It was named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for R.D. Bergin, radio officer at Mawson Station in 1956.
# Dava

Dava may refer to:
* Dava, a division of Hindu Akhara
* Dava (comics), a fictional martial artist appearing in comics published by DC Comics
* Dava Bazaar, an area in South Mumbai noted for producing medical and scientific instruments as well as lab chemicals
* Dava (Dacian), the Geto-Dacian name for a city, town or fortress
* Dava railway station, a former railway station at Dava muir in the Spey Valley, Scotland
* Democratic Alliance for Diversity and Awakening, German political party

## People

* Dava Newman, American professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics
* Dava Ramadhan, Indonesian footballer
* Dava Savel, American television producer
* Dava Sobel (born 1947), American scientific author
* Dava (singer), American pop singer
# Mottuwela

Mottuwela is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# 2007 in Albania

Events from the year 2007 in Albania.

## Incumbents

* President: Alfred Moisiu (until 24 July), Bamir Topi (starting 24 July)
* Prime Minister: Sali Berisha

## Events
### February

* Top News was created by the Top Media group, the same group that owns Top Albania Radio, Top Channel and DigitAlb.

### March

* March 10: Yearlong talks on the future of Kosovo end in stalemate between the Serbian Government and the ethnic Albanian leaders of the province.

### July

* July 11: The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons confirmed the destruction of the entire chemical weapons stockpile in Albania making it the first nation to do so.
* July 24: Republic of Macedonia, Albania and Serbian autonomous province of Kosovo are experiencing blackouts as a result of the 2007 European heatwave that spreads over the Balkans. It also causes bushfires everywhere in the region between Croatia, Hungary, Serbia and Greece.

### November

* November 7: Four Albanian militants are killed in a Macedonian police operation.
# 2007 Asian Athletics Championships – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay

The men's 4 x 400 metres relay event at the 2007 Asian Athletics Championships was held in Amman, Jordan on July 29.

## Results

| Rank | Team | Name | Time |
| | Saudi Arabia | Yonas Al-Hosah, Mohammed Shaween, Ismail Al-Sabani, Mohammed Obeid Al-Salhi | 3:05.96 |
| | Sri Lanka | Dulan Priyasu, Rohitha Pusup, Shivant Weerasuriya, Asnaka Jayas | 3:07.29 |
| | India | Sarish Paul, Joseph Abraham, Mortaja Shake, K. M. Mathew | 3:07.94 |
| 4 | Iran | Gholam Reza Karimi, Sajjad Moradi, Afekian Mohammad, Reza Bouazar | 3:08.64 |
| 5 | Philippines | Julius Nierras, Erine Canelario, Aing Jimar, Junrey Bano | 3:11.69 |
| 6 | Kazakhstan | Boris Khamzin, Viktor Leptikov, Andrey Ageyev, Yevgeniy Meleshenko | 3:13.80 |
| 7 | Singapore | Shafiq Kashmiri, Khoo Kian Seong Ken, Teng Wei Yang, Muthukumaran Radhakrishnan | 3:14.29 |
| 8 | Malaysia | Narendran Shanmuganathan, Mohd Zafril Mohd Zuslaini, Shahadan Jamaludin, Muhamad Zaiful Zainal Abidin | 3:15.58 |
# 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 800 metre freestyle

The women's 800 metre freestyle competition at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 20 at the Saanich Commonwealth Place. The last champion was Diana Munz of US.
This event was a timed-final where each swimmer swam just once. The top 8 seeded swimmers swam in the evening, and the remaining swimmers swam in the morning session.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:
| World record | Janet Evans (USA) | 8:16.22 | Tokyo, Japan | August 20, 1989 |
| Pan Pacific Championships record | Janet Evans (USA) | 8:16.22 | Tokyo, Japan | August 20, 1989 |

## Results

All times are in minutes and seconds.
| KEY: | q | Fastest non-qualifiers | Q | Qualified | CR | Championships record | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best |
The first round was held on August 20, at 11:01, and the final was held on August 20, at 18:00.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 3 | 5 | Kate Ziegler | United States | 8:24.56 |
| | 3 | 3 | Ai Shibata | Japan | 8:26.41 |
| | 3 | 4 | Hayley Peirsol | United States | 8:27.57 |
| 4 | 3 | 6 | Sachiko Yamada | Japan | 8:30.29 |
| 5 | 1 | 3 | Yurie Yano | Japan | 8:34.45 |
| 6 | 3 | 7 | Brittany Reimer | Canada | 8:37.84 |
| 7 | 3 | 2 | Melissa Gorman | Australia | 8:37.90 |
| 8 | 1 | 4 | Kelsey Ditto | United States | 8:38.34 |
| 9 | 1 | 5 | Linda Mackenzie | Australia | 8:38.61 |
| 10 | 3 | 8 | Kristel Köbrich | Chile | 8:40.95 |
| 11 | 1 | 6 | Tanya Hunks | Canada | 8:41.43 |
| 12 | 1 | 1 | Cecilia Biagioli | Argentina | 8:42.12 |
| 13 | 3 | 1 | Stephanie Williams | Australia | 8:44.59 |
| 14 | 1 | 7 | Savannah King | Canada | 8:45.21 |
| 15 | 2 | 4 | Lee Ji-Eun | South Korea | 8:51.93 |
| 16 | 1 | 8 | Kylie Palmer | Australia | 8:53.38 |
| 17 | 2 | 5 | Monica Stitski | Canada | 8:56.29 |
| 18 | 1 | 2 | Sarah Paton | Australia | 9:02.77 |
# Chamaedaphne

Chamaedaphne calyculata, known commonly as leatherleaf or cassandra, is a perennial dwarf shrub in the plant family Ericaceae and the only species in the genus Chamaedaphne. It is commonly seen in cold, acidic bogs and forms large, spreading colonies.

## Description

Chamaedaphne calyculata is a low-growing, upright dwarf shrub up to 1.5 m tall. The leaves are alternately arranged on the branch and elliptical to oblong shaped, 1–4 cm long and 0.5-1.5 cm wide. The leaves are thick and leathery, dull green above with minute, silvery scales, and paler green or brownish beneath. The margins of the leaves are entire or slightly and irregularly toothed, with short petioles. The plant is evergreen but leaves often turn red-brown in winter. The lower stems extend into sphagnum, peat moss, or other substrate, and may persist even after fire or mild drought.
The plant flowers in April to June, and is insect-pollinated. Flowers are small (5–6 mm long), white, and bell-like, produced in terminal racemes up to 12 cm long, with flowers emerging from the axils (between leaf and stem) of small leaves on the raceme. The flowers have fused petals with 5 short lobes. The fruit is a capsule, a dry fruit that splits open to release seeds.

## Etymology

The name Chamaedaphne is said to be derived from the Greek word chamae for "on the ground," and daphne, meaning "laurel." In ancient Greek chamai (χαμαί) expresses "on the ground". The common name refers to its tough, leather-like leaf.

## Habitat

Chamaedaphne calyculata has a circumboreal distribution throughout the cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere from eastern North America to bogs in Finland and Japan. The species site is mostly restricted to bogs, but also occur in shrubby fens, rock crevices, and pool margins. Leatherleaf naturally forms large clonal colonies, but is very shade-intolerant. Nutrients are low in bogs due to low mineralization, and plants can only acquire nutrients from atmospheric sources.

## Uses

Leatherleaf is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora ledi. In ornamental usage, leatherleaf is widely used by florists as a filler green in bouquets and arrangements. Ethnobotanically, the plant has usage as "sun-tea," a drink in which dried or fresh leaves are steeped in cool water in a sunny location. This technique is used to avoid boiling it as a traditional infusion, which carries the danger of releasing andromedotoxin, a common toxin present in plants of the family Ericaceae. Leatherleaf also has limited medicinal use among some Native American tribes as a poultice of leaves for inflammation.
# Chamaedorea metallica

Chamaedorea metallica is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae.

## Distribution

Chamaedorea metallica is endemic in Southern Mexico.

## Cultivation

Chamaedorea metallica is a garden plant in sub-tropical climates, such as coastal Southern California, and in tropical regions. It is also a popular house plant.
# Micrurus isozonus

Micrurus isozonus, the equal-banded coral snake, Venezuela coral snake, or Sandner's coral snake, is a species of snake of the family Elapidae.
The snake is found in Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela.
# Central Junior High School

Central Junior High School may refer to a number of middle schools:
* Central Junior High School, Belleville, Illinois, part of Belleville School District 118
* Central Junior High School, Camp Point, Illinois, part of Central Community Unit School District 3
* Central Junior High School, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, part of Cape Girardeau School District
* Central Junior High School, East Peoria, Illinois, part of East Peoria School District 86
* Central Junior High School, Euless, Texas, part of Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District
* Central Junior High School, Evergreen Park, Illinois, part of Evergreen Park Elementary School District 124
* Central Junior High School, Guymon, Oklahoma, part of Guymon Public Schools
* Central Junior High School, Lawton, Oklahoma, part of Lawton Public Schools
* Central Junior High School, Moore, Oklahoma, part of Moore Public Schools
* Central Junior High School, Pollok, Texas, part of Central Independent School District
* Central Junior High School, Springdale, Arkansas, part of Springdale Public Schools
* Central Junior High School, West Frankfort, Illinois, part of Frankfort Community Unit School District 168
* Central Junior High School, Zion, Illinois, part of Zion Elementary School District 6
* A-C Central Junior High School, Chandlerville, Illinois, part of A-C Central Community Unit School District 262
* Buffalo Island Central Junior High School, Leachville, Arkansas, part of Buffalo Island Central School District
* Corydon Central Junior High School, Corydon, Indiana, part of South Harrison Community Schools
* Farmington Central Junior High School, Farmington, Illinois, part of Farmington Central Community Unit School District 265
* Lawrence Central Junior High School, Lawrence, Kansas, part of Lawrence Unified School District 497
* Pearl River Central Junior High School, Carriere, Mississippi, part of Pearl River County School District
* Warren Central Junior High School, Vicksburg, Mississippi, part of Vicksburg-Warren School District
* Weld Central Junior High School, Keenesburg, Colorado, part of Keenesburg School District Re-3 (J)
* Wilson Central Junior High School, West Lawn, Pennsylvania, part of Wilson School District
# Piletocera quadralis

Piletocera quadralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Snellen in 1901. It is found in Indonesia (Java).
# Jean-Baptiste Hus

Jean-Baptiste Hus (Paris, June 1736 – Paris, 1805) was a French ballet dancer and ballet master who used the pseudonym Hus-Malo. He was the son of François Hus and Françoise-Nicole Gravillon, the brother of the future actress Mlle Hus, and a member of the large Hus family, an 18th-century dynasty of dancers and actors. He was a student of Louis Dupré, Gaetan Vestris and Jean-Georges Noverre. He married the ballet dancer Elisabeth Bayard, also known as Mademoiselle Bibi, and adopted her son Pierre-Louis Stapleton as his own, who he helped build a career as a dancer.
Jean-Baptise Hus worked as a ballet master at La Monnaie starting from 1759.

## Children

* Pierre-Louis Stapleton, born on 17 June 1758 and adopted by Jean-Baptiste Hus.
* Albert-Francois-Joseph, born and baptised in Brussels on 29 May 1762.
* Jean-Pierre, born and baptised on 19 October 1766.
* Madeleine, baptised at Lyon on 16 April 1770.
* Pierre-François, baptised on 19 November 1774.
# High country (New Zealand)

In New Zealand, high country is a term for the elevated pastoral land of the South Island and – to a lesser extent – North Island. This terrain, which can be compared loosely with the outback of Australia, high veldt of South Africa and pampas of Argentina, lies in the rain shadow of the country's mountain ranges and tends to be extensively farmed land with a continental climate consisting of low rainfall, cold winters and hot summers. Livestock farmed in these regions include sheep and – increasingly – deer and alpaca, and a major ground-covering plant of the area is tussock.
Regions of New Zealand closely associated with the high country include Central Otago and the Mackenzie Basin in the South Island, and parts of the North Island Volcanic Plateau. Much of the land is at a high altitude (hence its name), with the majority of the high country being more than 600 metres (2000 feet) above sea level. The land is marked with geological features associated with glaciation from the last ice age, with deep finger-shaped lakes such as Lake Wānaka and Lake Tekapo.

## In popular culture

The South Island's high country was featured extensively in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy, where it stood in for Gondor and Rohan.
# German submarine U-4704

German submarine U-4704 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 7 July 1944, and was laid down on 9 November 1944 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft AG, Kiel, as yard number 946. She was launched on 13 February 1945 and commissioned under the command of Leutnant zur See Gerhard Franceschi on 14 March 1945.

## Design

Like all Type XXIII U-boats, U-4704 had a displacement of 234 tonnes (230 long tons) when at the surface and 258 tonnes (254 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 34.68 m (113 ft 9 in) (o/a), a beam width of 3.02 m (9 ft 11 in) (o/a), and a draught depth of 3.66 m (12 ft). The submarine was powered by one MWM six-cylinder RS134S diesel engine providing 575–630 metric horsepower (423–463 kilowatts; 567–621 shaft horsepower), one AEG GU4463-8 double-acting electric motor electric motor providing 580 PS (430 kW; 570 shp), and one BBC silent running CCR188 electric motor providing 35 PS (26 kW; 35 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 9.7 knots (18.0 km/h; 11.2 mph) and a submerged speed of 12.5 knots (23.2 km/h; 14.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) for 194 nautical miles (359 km; 223 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 2,600 nautical miles (4,800 km; 3,000 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-4704 was fitted with two 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes in the bow. She could carry two preloaded torpedoes. The complement was 14–18 men. This class of U-boat did not carry a deck gun.

## Service history

On 5 May 1945, U-4704 was scuttled in the Hørup Hav, southeast of Sønderborg, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# 1901 VMI Keydets football team

The 1901 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in their 11th season of organized football. The Keydets went 4–3 under second-year head coach Sam Walker.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 19 | | Hampden–Sydney | VMI Parade GroundLexington, VA | W 30–0 | |
| October 26 | | at Georgetown | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | L 0–5 | |
| October 28 | | Richmond | VMI Parade GroundLexington, VA (rivalry) | W 79–0 | |
| November 4 | | at Washington and Lee | Lexington, VA | W 46–6 | |
| November 9 | | vs. Virginia | Lynchburg, VA | L 0–29 | |
| November 18 | | University of Maryland, Baltimore | VMI Parade GroundLexington, VA | W 44–0 | 500 |
| November 28 | 2:30pm | vs. VPI | UnknownNorfolk, VA (rivalry) | L 0–21 | 5,000 |
# Budding (surname)

Budding is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edwin Beard Budding (1795–1846), English inventor
* Martijn Budding (born 1995), Dutch cyclist
* Richard Budding (born 1957), Dutch footballer
# German submarine U-239

German submarine U-239 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
The submarine was laid down on 14 May 1942 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft yard at Kiel as yard number 669, launched on 28 January 1943 and commissioned on 13 March under the command of Leutnant zur See Ulrich Vöge.
After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, she went to the 22nd flotilla as a 'school' boat and then back to the fifth flotilla.
She was damaged in Kiel by British bombs on 24 July 1944 and broken up in the same year.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-239 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-239 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Fate

She was damaged in a British air raid at the Germania Werke in Kiel on 24 July 1944 which also killed one crewman, she was then broken up later that same year.
# Hugh l'Aleman (died 1264)

Hugh l'Aleman, who died 1264, was a knight of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and heir to the Lordship of Caesarea via his mother.

## Life

He was the eldest son of John l'Aleman and his wife Margaret of Caesarea, daughter and heir to John of Caesarea. He died by breaking his neck in falling from his horse. He died childless and so the Lordship of Caesarea was inherited by his younger brother Nicolas l'Aleman.
# Ilse Twardowski-Conrat

Ilse von Twardowski or Ilse Twardowski-Conrat (1880–1942) was an Austrian sculptor. She created many noted sculptures. She took her own life in 1942 as a result of the Holocaust.

## Life

Twardowski was born in Vienna in 1880. Her father was a merchant who converted from the Jewish faith in 1882 together with his family. Her father changed his name from Hugh Cohn to Hugh Conrat. His brother who became a leading bacteriologist, Ferdinand Cohn, kept his birth name. Her sister, Erica Tietze-Conrat, was one of the first women to study art history, a strong supporter of contemporary art in Vienna and an art historian specializing in Renaissance art and the Venetian school drawings.
Twardowski became a leading sculptor after training with Josef Breitner and Charles van der Stappen. One of her commissions was the gravestone for Johannes Brahms whom she had known. Another early commission was for Empress Elisabeth of Austria. She exhibited in 1909 in the "8 women artists" exhibition. She joined the Austrian Association of Women Artists (VBKÖ) which was founded in 1910 and that year she was chosen to create a funerary monument for her teacher Charles van der Stappen.
In 1935 she was told that she could no longer practice her art in Munich. She had to sell her large studio and move out to the suburbs.
Twardowski took her own life in Munich in 1942 after receiving orders to join other Jews during the time of the Holocaust.

## Legacy

Her work was included in the 2019 exhibition City Of Women: Female artists in Vienna from 1900 to 1938 at the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere.
# Imaginary

Imaginary may refer to:
* Imaginary (sociology), a concept in sociology
* The Imaginary (psychoanalysis), a concept by Jacques Lacan
* Imaginary number, a concept in mathematics
* Imaginary time, a concept in physics
* Imagination, a mental faculty
* Object of the mind, an object of the imagination

## Music

* Imaginary Records, a record label
* "Imaginary", a song by Evanescence from Fallen
* "Imaginary", a song by Imran Khan best video and best song Pakistani Music and Media Awards (PMMA)
* "Imaginary", a song by Peace from Happy People
* "Imaginary", a song by Brennan Heart with Jonathan Mendelsohn

## Other

* The Imaginary (Sartre), a 1940 philosophical work by Jean-Paul Sartre
* Imaginary (exhibition), a mathematical art exhibition by the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach
* Imaginary (film), a 2024 American supernatural horror film directed by Jeff Wadlow
* The Imaginary (film), a 2023 Japanese animated fantasy film directed by Yoshiyuki Momose
# 2002 in Iceland

The following lists events that happened in 2002 in Iceland.

## Incumbents

* President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
* Prime Minister – Davíð Oddsson

## Events

* Establishment of the Reykjavík Mosque.
# NGC 6044

NGC 6044 is a lenticular galaxy located about 465 million light-years away in the constellation Hercules. NGC 6044 was discovered by astronomer Lewis Swift on June 27, 1886. It was then rediscovered by astronomer Guillaume Bigourdan on June 8, 1888. NGC 6044 is a member of the Hercules Cluster.