OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Inherent powers (United States)

In United States law, inherent powers are the powers that a state officer or entity purports to hold under a general vesting of authority, even though they are neither enumerated nor implied.

## President of the United States

The theory of inherent powers of the President derives from the loosely worded statements in the Constitution that "the executive Power shall be vested in a President" and the president should "take care that the laws be faithfully executed" (defined in practice, rather than by constitutional or statutory law). Under this theory, first articulated in 1793 by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, the authority of the president extends to all decisions and acts of the United States as a sovereign state that are not exclusively vested elsewhere.
The limits of such inherent powers were articulated in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer. This case was a Supreme Court decision limiting the power of the president to seize private property in the absence of either specifically enumerated authority under Article Two of the United States Constitution or statutory authority conferred on him by Congress. However, Justice Black's majority decision was qualified by separate concurring opinions of five other members of the Court; this made it difficult to determine the details and limits of the president's power to seize private property in emergencies. Justice Jackson's concurring opinion stated that the president may not arrogate legislative power under the cover of executive power, but is obligated to seek enabling legislation, and to refrain from doing what Congress has chosen not to enable.

## Judiciary

Courts in the United States are recognized to have inherent powers to ensure the proper disposition of cases before them. At the federal level these include the powers to punish contempt, to investigate and redress suspected frauds on the court, to bar a disruptive person from the courtroom, to transfer a case to a more appropriate venue (forum non conveniens), and to dismiss a case when the plaintiff or prosecutor fails to pursue it.
In re Debs was a Supreme Court decision involving Eugene V. Debs and labor unions. Debs (president of the American Railway Union) was involved in the Pullman Strike earlier in 1894, and challenged the federal injunction ordering the strikers back to work. The injunction had been issued because of the hindrance to transportation of mail. However, Debs refused to end the strike, was cited for contempt of court, and appealed. The main question being debated was whether a federal court had a right to issue the injunction, which dealt with both interstate and intrastate commerce and shipping on rail cars. The court ruled that the government had a right to regulate interstate commerce and ensure the operations of the Post Office, along with a responsibility to "ensure the general welfare of the public."
# 70r Red Army Soldier error

The 70r Red Army Soldier error or RSFSR 70r error of 1922 is one of the rarest postage stamps issued by Soviet Russia. Due to the double printing error, one cliché of the imperforate 25-stamp sheet has a 70-ruble value instead of the correct 100-ruble. Only four intact complete sheets are known.

## Description

The sheets contain 25 imperforate 100-ruble orange stamps depicting the Red Army soldier that appeared in the RSFSR 1922 Workers and Soldiers definitive issue. The twelfth stamp in the sheet has a denomination of 70 rubles, unlike all the others, which have a face value of 100 rubles.

## Rarity

Only four complete sheets of 25 exist, including one in the state collection of the A.S. Popov Central Museum of Communications in Saint Petersburg, Russia. As promoted by the Museum, "the celebrated Red Army Soldier of the 1922–23 standard issue is a well known world class rarity."
These standout items are dubbed as "one of the greatest rarities in Russian philately". They represent "one of the treasures of Russian philately in general and certainly an important highlight of Russian Soviet Federative Republic collection."
On 20 February 2014, Cherrystone Auctions in New York City offered one complete Red Army Soldier sheet, among the items of the Igor Gorski specialised collection of Russia that contained many errors and unique varieties of the RSFSR period. It was sold for $126,500.
# 730s BC

This article concerns the period 739 BC – 730 BC.

## Events and trends

* 739 BC—Hiram II succeeds Ithobaal II as king of Tyre.
* 738 BC—King Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria invades Israel, forcing it to pay tribute.
* 738 BC—The Biskupin settlement northeast of Poznań (Poland) is built.
* 737 and 736 BC—King Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria invades Iran, conquering the Medes and Persians and slaughtering, enslaving or deporting many.
* 736 BC—Leochares of Messenia wins the stadion race at the eleventh Olympic Games.
* 735 BC—Naxos in Sicily founded as a colony of Chalcis in Euboea. (traditional date)
* 734 BC—Syracuse founded in Sicily as a joint colony of Corinth and Tenea, under the leadership of Archias of Corinth.
* 733 BC—King Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria conquers the Northern Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), and exiles its inhabitants.
* 732 BC—King Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria seizes Damascus, executes Rezin, King of the Arameans, and deports the Aramaean inhabitants to Kir of Moab. (probable date)
* 732 BC—King Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria defeats the Arab queen Samsi in battle and forces her to pay tribute to him.
* 732 BC—Hoshea becomes the last king of Israel.
* 732 BC—Oxythemis of Cleonae/Coroneia wins the stadion race at the twelfth Olympic Games.
* 730 BC—Northern Egypt ceases to be ruled by Libyan pharaohs.
* 730 BC—Osorkon IV succeeds Pedubast II as king of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt. (approximate date)
* 730 BC—Piye succeeds his father, Kashta, as king of the Nubian kingdom of Napata.
* 730 BC—Mattan II succeeds Hiram II as king of Tyre.
* 730 BC—Leontini in Sicily is founded by colonists from Naxos.

## Significant People

* Xuan Jiang, Chinese Duchess.
# Indraéro Aéro 30

The Indraéro Aéro 30 is a single seat, single engined sports biplane designed in France in the late 1960s. Only one was built.

## Design and development

Design and construction of the Aéro 30 began in the autumn of 1967. It first flew on 23 September 1968 and received its amateur category SGAC certification in that October.
It is a small, single seat biplane powered by a 45 hp (34 kW) Salmson radial engine, with an entirely wooden structure. The fabric covered wings are staggered, of parallel chord and without sweepback, dihedral or flaps. The Aéro 30 is a single bay biplane with its lower wings attached to the bottom of the fuselage and the upper wing placed well above the fuselage by a pair of single, streamlined interplane struts. Further bracing joins the lower fuselage to the upper wing near the top of the interplane struts, assisted by other struts between the upper fuselage and the wing centre section. The cantilever tail surfaces are plywood covered. The vertical tail is tall and straight tapered. The elevators carry trim tabs.
The fuselage is also plywood covered, the lower part flat sided but with curved decking. This is deep enough immediately aft of the cockpit to meet the top of the single piece, rear-sliding canopy but tapers towards the tail. The undercarriage is fixed, with a rear tailskid. The main legs are attached to the fuselage just ahead of the wing leading edge and have steel spring shock absorbers. No brakes are fitted.

## Operational history

Only one Aéro 30 was built. F-PPPA remains on the French DGAC register and may still be active.

## Specifications

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1970-71
General characteristics
* Length: 5.70 m (18 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 6.52 m (21 ft 5 in)
* Height: 2.42 m (7 ft 11 in)
* Wing area: 11.80 m$^2$ (127.0 sq ft) gross
* Empty weight: 274 kg (604 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 386 kg (851 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Salmson 9AD 9-cyl. air-cooled radial piston engine, 34 kW (45 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed Merville Type 770, 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 140 km/h (87 mph, 76 kn)
* Cruise speed: 130 km/h (81 mph, 70 kn)
* Range: 400 km (250 mi, 220 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
* Rate of climb: 3 m/s (590 ft/min) from sea level
# Minori Scramble!

Minori Scramble! (みのりスクランブル!, Minori Sukuranburu!) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Mikage Chihaya. It was serialized in Houbunsha's Manga Time Kirara Forward between the July 2007 and February 2008 issues; a single tankōbon volume was published in February 2008. An anime series produced by Ufotable has been announced. Auditions for the lead roles were held during the Machi*Asobi anime event in Tokushima Prefecture, starting October 9, 2010.

## Plot

The story revolves around Tamaki Kakegawa, a fifth grade girl whose father is a penguin researcher. As such, Tamaki is constantly surrounded by penguins and has grown to hate them. In order to cure Tamaki's hatred of penguins, a "penguinoid" named Minori is built to befriend her.
# Cyperus karthikeyanii

Cyperus karthikeyanii is a species of sedge that is native to parts of India.
# Cyperus karisimbiensis

Cyperus karisimbiensis is a species of sedge that is native to tropical parts of Africa.
# Cyperus karlschumannii

Cyperus karlschumannii is a species of sedge that is native to western parts of Africa.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Charles Baron Clarke in 1906.
# Indre Sogn Sparebank

Indre Sogn Sparebank is a Norwegian savings bank, headquartered in Årdalstangen, Norway. The bank's main market is the area surrounding Sognefjorden.
The bank was established in 1971 with the merger of Årdal Sparebank, Lærdal Sparebank and Borgund Sparebank. The bank is a member of Eika Gruppen.
# Minca spiny rat

The Minca spiny rat (Proechimys mincae) is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae. It is endemic to Colombia.

## Phylogeny

Morphological characters and mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences showed that P. mincae belongs to the so-called trinitatus group of Proechimys species, and shares closer phylogenetic affinities with the other members of this clade: P. trinitatus, P. guairae, P. poliopus, P. magdalenae, P. chrysaeolus, P. urichi, and P. hoplomyoides.
Species-level cladogram of the genus Proechimys. :
Myocastorini  
  Hoplomys  
  Hoplomys gymnurus
  Proechimys  
  Proechimys canicollis (Colombian spiny rat)
  Proechimys decumanus (Pacific spiny rat)
  Proechimys echinothrix (Stiff-spine spiny rat)
  Proechimys simonsi (Simon's spiny rat)
  group gardneri  
  Proechimys kulinae (Kulina spiny rat)
  Proechimys gardneri (Gardner's spiny rat)
  Proechimys pattoni (Patton's spiny rat)
  group semispinosus  
  Proechimys gorgonae
  Proechimys oconnelli (O'Connell's spiny rat)
  Proechimys semispinosus (Tome's spiny rat)
  group guyannensis  
  Proechimys boimensis
  Proechimys guyannensis (Guyenne spiny rat)
  Proechimys oris
  Proechimys roberti (Roberto's spiny rat)
  group longicaudatus  
  Proechimys cuvieri (Cuvier's spiny rat)
  Proechimys brevicauda (Short-tailed spiny rat)
  Proechimys gularis
  Proechimys longicaudatus (Long-tailed spiny rat)
  group goeldii  
  Proechimys amphichoricus
  Proechimys goeldii (Goeldi's spiny rat)
  Proechimys hyleae
  Proechimys quadruplicatus (Napo spiny rat)
  Proechimys steerei (Steere's spiny rat)
  group trinitatus  
  Proechimys chrysaeolus (Boyacá spiny rat)
  Proechimys guairae (Guaira spiny rat)
  Proechimys hoplomyoides (Guyanan spiny rat)
  Proechimys magdalenae (Magdalena spiny rat)
  Proechimys mincae (Minca spiny rat)
  Proechimys poliopus (Gray-footed spiny rat)
  Proechimys trinitatus (Trinidad spiny rat)
  Proechimys urichi (Sucre spiny rat) :
The cladogram has been reconstructed from morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b) sequences. :
# Minerve

Minerve is the French spelling of Minerva, an ancient Roman goddess.
Minerve or La Minerve may refer to:

## Places

* La Minerve, Quebec, Canada, a village and municipality
* Minerve, Hérault, France, a commune

## Ships

* French ship Minerve, numerous French Navy ships
* Minerve-class submarine, a pre-World War II French Navy class
* Minerve-class frigate, a class of six French Navy frigates completed in the 1780s and 1790s
* HMS Minerve, three Royal Navy ships
* Neapolitan ship Minerve (1791), a frigate surrendered to France in 1801 and renamed Sibylle

## Newspapers

* La Minerve, a Quebec newspaper from 1826 to 1899
* La Minerve (French newspaper), first published in 1818

## Other uses

* Minerve (airline), a former French airline
* La Minerve, a giant ascension balloon envisioned by Étienne-Gaspard Robert in 1820
# Cyril Roy Hart

Cyril Roy Hart (born 1923) is an amateur historian of Anglo-Saxon England. He is a retired general practitioner who published books and articles on medical subjects, but who is mainly known for his extensive contributions to Anglo-Saxon history.
Hart was born on 16 May 1923 at his grandparents' home, 12 Benson Avenue, East Ham, an eastern suburb of London.
After Hart had qualified as a physician, he turned to the serious study of history and gained a master's degree at Leicester University under the supervision of Herbert Finberg. He published several studies of Anglo-Saxon charters which, in the view of Simon Keynes and Alfred Smyth, secured him a reputation on a par with leading professional historians. He went on to publish The Danelaw, described by Keynes and Smyth as "a monumental work running to 700 pages of immensely detailed scholarship". In their view his researches "have revolutionised our understanding of Anglo-Saxon history". In 2006 leading historians published a festschrift in his honour. He is an M.A., an M.B., a D.Litt and an F.R.Hist.S.

## Select bibliography

His works are listed in the festschrift.
* The Early Charters of Eastern England, 1966
* The Early Charters of Essex, 1971
* 'Athelstan Half-King and his Family', Anglo-Saxon England, 1973 (The Danelaw has an updated version of this article)
* The Early Charters of Northern England and the North Midlands, 1975
* The Danelaw, 1992
* The Autobiobiography and Personal Philosophy of a Retired Physician, 1998
* Learning and Culture in Late Anglo-Saxon England and the Influence of Ramsey Abbey on the Major English School, 2 vols, 2003
* Chronicles of the Reign of Æthelred the Unready, 2006
* Entrles in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
# Cyril S. Morton

The Reverend Cyril Shadforth Morton (1885 – 13 July 1947) was a British clergyman and philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1936.
Morton had an award-winning collection of the stamps of Jamaica.
# Ineidis Casanova

Ineidis Casanova (born 13 October 1988) is a Cuban basketball player for Santiago de Cuba and the Cuban national team, where she participated at the 2014 FIBA World Championship.
She was a member of the team which competed for Cuba at the 2015 Pan American Games, winning a bronze medal.
# Cybalomia lactealis

Cybalomia lactealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Algeria.
# Minyons de Terrassa

Minyons de Terrassa is a group of castellers from Terrassa founded on 21 June 1979 and publicly presented on 14 July 1979.
On 22 November 2015, they became the first group ever to successfully complete and dismantle a 4 de 10 amb folre i manilles.
# Minyriolus

Minyriolus is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1884.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains four species:
* Minyriolus australis Simon, 1902 – Argentina
* Minyriolus medusa (Simon, 1881) – Europe
* Minyriolus phaulobius (Thorell, 1875) – Italy
* Minyriolus pusillus (Wider, 1834) (type) – Europe
# Institutionalization of politics

The institutionalization of politics (also spelled as institutionalisation of politics; Chinese: 政治制度化), commonly known as political institutionalization or political institutionalisation, refers to the founding, arrangement, and codification of the states' various institutions, generally via constitution-making or some other constitutional mechanisms. It is the process by which political structures and practices take root.

## Definition

Political institutionalization means that political initiatives have been increasingly constrained by both formal and informal rules or norms. And through the process of political institutionalization, the state-society nexus has been enhanced.
Samuel Huntington defines political institutionalization as "the process by which organizations and procedures acquire value and stability", and regards it as equivalent to political development.
# Cyprus Archery Federation

The Cyprus Archery Federation (CAF) (Greek: Κυπριακή Ομοσπονδία Τοξοβολίας, Κ.Ο.ΤΟΞ) is the governing body for the sport of archery in Cyprus. It runs an annual national championship, and has hosted a number of international competitions.

## History

The Cyprus Archery Federation was founded in 1972 but became active much later. In 1987 the Cyprus Archery Club (CAC) in Nicosia was founded later followed by Artemis and Kentavros clubs.
On April 8, 1989 the first Pancyprian Archery Tournament was held at Lapatsa Sporting Club using training bows at a distance of 30 m. One year later CAF held the international Tournament Theofanideia in memory of Stelios Theofanides, a major figure in Cypriot archery. Subsequently Theofanideia become an annual event that CAF holds every year at an international level archery tournament.
Since 1991, the CAF runs a Pancyprian Championship in all age categories and disciplines. In 1993 the first beginners championship was held which was then renamed as the Academies Championship. The two championships are incorporated into the Federation's plans and the winners from each championship are awarded monetary prizes at the end of each championship year.
In 1993 CAF was awarded the first European Archery Grand Prix. It was the biggest athletic event ever held by the Federation and led to CAF organizing the same event in 1994. Since then it held the Grand Prix in 1999 with the participation of 180 athletes from 28 countries and in 2001 with the participation of 135 athletes from 20 countries. In 2007 the European Junior Championship was held in Limassol with the participation of 191 athletes from 18 countries.
In 1996 CAF held the first ever biannual European Small Nations Games. In 1998 they were held by San Marino, 2000 by Malta, 2002 by Luxembourg, 2004 by San Marino and in 2006 again by Cyprus as Monaco was unable to hold them.
Today CAF has more than 1000 registered athletes from 22 Member Clubs. It enjoys recognition by the Cyprus Sports Organisation (KOA) and the Cyprus Olympic Committee (KOE). In addition to its activities at the competitive level, it supports training in coaching, judging and technical equipment setup. It is an active member of the International Archery Federation (FITA) and the European and Mediterranean Archery Union (EMAU).

## Board of directors

Elections held in March 2017 have resulted in a new board of directors with the following structure:
* President: Andreas Theofylaktou
* Vice President: Costas TTallis
* Secretary General: Nicos Nicolaou
* Treasurer: Maria Dicomiti
* Ephor: Rena Aristou
* Member: Marinos Panayi
* Member: Lefteris Kokkinos
# Mionica (disambiguation)

Mionica may refer to the following places:

## Bosnia and Herzegovina

* Mionica (Gradačac), village in the municipality of Gradačac

## Serbia

* Mionica, town and municipality located in the Kolubara District
* Mionica (village), village situated in Mionica municipality
* Mionica (Kosjerić), village in the municipality of Kosjerić
# Mioni

Mioni is a surname of Italian origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fabrizio Mioni (1930–2020), Italian actor
* Mascha Mioni (born 1941), artist name of a Swiss painter and textile artist
# Cynthia Culpeper

Cynthia Ann "Cyndie" Culpeper (June 16, 1962 – August 29, 2005) was the first pulpit rabbi to announce being diagnosed with AIDS, which she did in 1996 when she was a rabbi at Agudath Israel in Montgomery, Alabama. She was the first full-time female rabbi in Alabama and the first Conservative female rabbi in Alabama.

## Early life

Culpeper was originally from San Francisco. She converted from Roman Catholicism at age 21, and was ordained by the Jewish Theological Seminary in 1995.

## AIDS

Culpeper was working as a nurse in San Francisco General Hospital when she accidentally contracted HIV due to a needle stick, and was diagnosed with HIV in 1995. She later became the first pulpit rabbi to announce being diagnosed with AIDS, which she did in 1996 when she was a rabbi at Agudath Israel in Montgomery, Alabama. After revealing her diagnosis, her congregation rallied around her, insisting she continue to work, and wearing red AIDS awareness ribbons, but in 1997 she gave up her position and moved to Birmingham, Alabama, where she could get "cutting edge" treatment at the University of Alabama at Birmingham's AIDS research clinic. Culpeper spoke about AIDS to Jewish communities throughout America. However, she did not want to be known as "the AIDS rabbi". She died of AIDS in 2005. Block #6020 of the AIDS Memorial Quilt has a panel commemorating her.

## Achievements

Culpeper was the first full-time female rabbi in Alabama. She also became the first female rabbi to lead religious services in Poland when she conducted High Holy Day services at Beit Warszawa in 2000. Culpeper also contributed a chapter to the anthology The Women's Torah Commentary: New Insights from Women Rabbis on the 54 Weekly Torah Portions (2000).