OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gretta Bowen

Margretta Bowen, best known as Gretta Bowen (1 January 1880 – 8 April 1981) was a self-taught Irish artist. She only started painting late in life, after her sons Arthur and George Campbell were already established as artists.

## Early life

Although born in Dublin to a railway worker Samuel Arthur Bowen, Margretta Bowen lived most of her life in Belfast. She was married to Matthew Campbell, a veteran of the Boer War. They had three boys Arthur, George and Stanley, who all went on to paint. After her husband died in 1925 she ran an laundrette and took in lodgers to make ends meet.

## Career

Bowen came to art late in her life when a few weeks before her seventieth birthday she found paints left behind by her son Arthur, and began to experiment with them. Just five years later her first exhibition was hosted in the gallery of the Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts, Belfast. She went on to have numerous exhibitions in Dublin: at the David Hendricks Gallery in 1961, and with the Tom Caldwell Gallery in 1977 and 1980, having previously shown at Caldwell's Belfast Gallery in 1970, 1976 and in 1980. She had a further solo exhibition at the Bell Gallery, Belfast in 1965 and participated in many group shows including but not limited to, the Irish Exhibition of Living Art, Oireachtas, the Royal Hibernian Academy and the Ulster Society of Women Artists. In 1979, at the age of 99, her works gained international fame when she exhibited at the International Naïves exhibition in London. Bowen also showed internationally having solo and group exhibitions in the US and Canada. The Arts Council for Northern Ireland used her Rustic Sports for a widely distributed poster print in 1974. In the following year her son George was commissioned to paint her portrait which was later displayed in the Arts Council's Women of Belfast exhibition.

## Death and legacy

Bowen died in Belfast on 8 April 1981. Her works can be found in many collections including those of the Ulster Museum, and the Department of Environment for Northern Ireland.
# Lwini Foundation

The Lwini Foundation is an aid organisation in Angola. Founded by first lady of Angola Ana Paula dos Santos (wife of President José Eduardo dos Santos) as the Lwini Fund on 30 June 1998, it caters to civilian victims of land mines and other disabilities. The foundation's activities include rehabilitation of schools, construction of training centers, and repairing rural villages. In 2010, the name was changed to the current Lwini Foundation.

## Description

Objectives include:
* The promotion of advocacy and awareness actions for the disabled victims, their families and families of others impacted during and after conflicts.
* Development and provision of medical pathways for referrals and adequate health care services including psychological assistance.
* Establishment of employment access through livelihood support and capacity building.
* Government engagement on policies and plans put in place to accommodate and empower mine victims.
* Joint sensitization and awareness on the prevention of land mines.
* Livelihood sensitization through group discussions on importance of agriculture and economic livelihood emphasizing on effective sustenance.
* Developing initiatives that would provide rural community loans for women and widows, sustainable livelihood etc.
* Partnership with various organisations to tackle various sectors such as; food, shelter, healthcare, livelihood, etc.

### Leadership

As of April 2017, the Lwini Foundation is headed by President Ana Paula dos Santos and Vice President Joana Lina Ramos Baptista.

### Symbolism

"Lwini" means a female and a princess in the Luvale language (east of Angola), who gives the wave of chanas to the wind, while reflecting the various daytime sunshades.
The Lwini logo represents protection: a woman protecting her child against existing mines in Chanas, the community adults protecting the young ones in the community, and the community protecting its members.

## Activities

Some of Lwini Foundation activities in recent years:
* Delivering wheelchairs to mark the International Day of Persons with Disabilities
* Commissioning a support centre for visually impaired students Law Faculty of Agostinho Neto University in Luanda
* The presentation of Palanca Parade project, at the Gala of Lwini Foundation
# Aratani Dam

Aratani Dam is a gravity dam located in Yamaguchi prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control and water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 8.1 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 25 ha of land when full and can store 5200 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1976 and completed in 1987.
# Cloth modeling

Cloth modeling is the term used for simulating cloth within a computer program, usually in the context of 3D computer graphics. The main approaches used for this may be classified into three basic types: geometric, physical, and particle/energy.

## Background

Most models of cloth are based on "particles" of mass connected in some manner of mesh. Newtonian Physics is used to model each particle through the use of a "black box" called a physics engine. This involves using the basic law of motion (Newton's Second Law):
    ${\vec {F}}=m{\vec {a}}$
In all of these models, the goal is to find the position and shape of a piece of fabric using this basic equation and several other methods.

## Geometric methods

Jerry Weil pioneered the first of these, the geometric technique, in 1986. His work was focused on approximating the look of cloth by treating cloth like a collection of cables and using Hyperbolic cosine (catenary) curves. Because of this, it is not suitable for dynamic models but works very well for stationary or single-frame renders. This technique creates an underlying shape out of single points; then, it parses through each set of three of these points and maps a catenary curve to the set. It then takes the lowest out of each overlapping set and uses it for the render.

## Physical methods

The second technique treats cloth like a grid work of particles connected to each other by springs. Whereas the geometric approach accounted for none of the inherent stretch of a woven material, this physical model accounts for stretch (tension), stiffness, and weight:
    $E(Particle_{i,j})=k_{s}E_{s,i,j}+k_{b}E_{b,i,j}+k_{g}E_{g,i,j}$
* s terms are elasticity (by Hooke's Law)
* b terms are bending
* g terms are gravity (see Acceleration due to gravity)
Now we apply the basic principle of mechanical equilibrium in which all bodies seek lowest energy by differentiating this equation to find the minimum energy.

## Particle/energy methods

The last method is more complex than the first two. The particle technique takes the physical methods a step further and supposes that we have a network of particles interacting directly. Rather than springs, the energy interactions of the particles are used to determine the cloth's shape. An energy equation that adds onto the following is used:
    $U_{Total}=U_{Repel}+U_{Stretch}+U_{Bend}+U_{Trellis}+U_{Gravity}$
* The energy of repelling is an artificial element we add to prevent cloth from intersecting itself.
* The energy of stretching is governed by Hooke's law as with the Physical Method.
* The energy of bending describes the stiffness of the fabric
* The energy of trellising describes the shearing of the fabric (distortion within the plane of the fabric)
* The energy of gravity is based on acceleration due to gravity
Terms for energy added by any source can be added to this equation, then derive and find minima, which generalizes our model. This allows for modeling cloth behavior under any circumstance, and since the cloth is treated as a collection of particles its behavior can be described with the dynamics provided in our physics engine.
# Humerana miopus

Humerana miopus, also known as the Khao Wang frog or three-striped frog, is a frog that was identified in 1918. This species is known from southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, and it is locally common.
Its dorsal colour is greyish-brown to orange-red above; the dorsolateral folds lighter. Diagonal lines on the back blackish; upper lip white; limbs with more or less distinct dark cross-bars; back of thighs marbled black and grey.
# Colour Vision

Colour Vision may refer to:
* Colour Vision (horse), a Thoroughbred racehorse
* Colour Vision (album), a 2020 album by MAX
* Color vision, the ability to distinguish colours
# Mediehuset Vårt Land

Mediehuset Vårt Land AS is a Norwegian media company.
It owns 100% of the newspaper Vårt Land, 66% of Dagsavisen, 20% of Korsets Seier and 100% of the magazine Programbladet. In addition it owns 100% of the company Mentor Medier and 90.1% of Sunnmørsavisene. Mediehuset Vårt Land is owned 10.0% by Mushom Invest, 5.7% by Normisjon and 84.3% by other interests.
# Colobodesmus crucis

Colobodesmus crucis is a species of millipede in the family Sphaeriodesmidae that is endemic to San Vito, Costa Rica, where it was first discovered on 17–18 April 1972 by Harold F. Loomis.

## Description

The species is colorless but has a dark median stripe visible internally in preservation. C. crucis is the smallest species of Colobodesmus. Males are 14 millimetres (0.55 in) long and 4 millimetres (0.16 in) wide, while the largest female is 16 millimetres (0.63 in) in length and 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in width. Their labrum and clypeus have 20 setae which go in series. The frontal area that is behind the series have more setae than the back part does. Their first segment is subrectangular, while the anterior part is almost squared. The fourth segment is narrow sided, with the fifth segment is under segment 4 and 6. The posterior margins are almost parallel with the rounded outer one. The gonopods are greatly diverged and are separated by a triangular lobe that comes out from the apex. The opening at the base of the gonopods is almost straight in front and across, while its rim is raised; the sides and back margins are curved.
# Comiols

Comiols is a hamlet located in the municipality of Artesa de Segre, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 7.

## Geography

Comiols is located 84km northeast of Lleida.
# Megesheim

Megesheim is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany.
# Megetra punctata

Megetra punctata is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Hundred of Santo

The Hundred of Santo is a cadastral hundred of the County of Cardwell (South Australia), centred on the rural locality of Salt Creek, South Australia. It was proclaimed by Governor Dominick Daly in 1864 and named for Philip Santo, a member of the South Australian parliament in the 1860s and 1870s.
The Hundred is located in the Limestone Coast south east of Adelaide, South Australia.
# Collabium

Collabium is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Species of Collabium are typically terrestrial and grow under shade in forests. They are distributed in southeast Asia from the Himalayas in India, Burma to China, and to the island groups in Malaysia, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Fiji.

## Species

Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of February 2021:
* Collabium acuticalcar W.Burgh & de Vogel
* Collabium bicameratum (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Wood
* Collabium carinatum de Vogel
* Collabium chapaense (Gagnep.) Seidenf. & Ormerod
* Collabium chinense (Rolfe) Tang & F.T.Wang
* Collabium chloranthum (Gagnep.) Seidenf.
* Collabium delavayi (Gagnep.) Seidenf.
* Collabium evrardii (Gagnep.) Aver.
* Collabium formosanum Hayata
* Collabium nebulosum Blume
* Collabium ovalifolium (Ames & C.Schweinf.) J.J.Wood
* Collabium pumilum (J.J.Sm.) Seidenf.
* Collabium simplex Rchb.f.
* Collabium vesicatum (Rchb.f.) Schltr.
* Collabium yunnanense Ormerod
# Colpaert

Colpaert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Colpaert, Dutch professor of physical geography
* Carl Colpaert (born 1958), American film director
* Dick Colpaert (born 1943), American baseball player
* Gustave Colpaert, Belgian wrestler
* Steve Colpaert (born 1986), Belgian footballer
# Megachile ornaticoxis

Megachile ornaticoxis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1935.
# Hydraloop Systems

HydraLoop Systems is a company that produces decentralized greywater recycling systems. It was founded in 2015 in the Netherlands.

## History

The company was founded in November 2015 in Muiderberg, the Netherlands by Arthur Valkieser and Sabine Stuiver.
In November 2017, it introduced its first model. In 2020, the company was featured in the Netflix eco-documentary Brave Blue World. In June 2022, the company started working with Sydney Water for reducing water use in Sydney.
It got UN WIPO's Global Award in 2022 and several major awards at Consumer Electronic Show in Las Vegas in 2020.

## Reviews

In the USA, the Salt Lake City Tribune estimated, that Hydraloop Systems can recycle 90% of the greywater for an average household.
Financial Times, in its independent coverage estimated that Hydraloop can save 50% of water bills.
The Times, in its coverage, estimated that Hydraloop Systems reduces both mains water and sewage run-off by 45 percent.
Hydraloop systems treat greywater from shower, bath, and optionally washing machine as well as condensation water from tumble dryer, heat pump, and air conditioning.
# Hurney

Hurney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gary Hurney (born 1980), Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer
* Marty Hurney (born 1955), American football executive
# Hurnamadi

Harnamadi is a village development committee in the Hetauda Submetropolitan City of Makwanpur District in the Bagmati Province of Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5318 people living in 998 individual households.
# Megacraspedus melitopis

Megacraspedus melitopis is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1904. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Western Australia.
The wingspan is about 16 mm (0.63 in). The forewings are golden bronzy ochreous with the costal edge shining white from near the base to two-thirds. The second discal stigma is minute and dark fuscous. The hindwings are grey.
# Meiosimyza

Meiosimyza is a genus of small flies of the family Lauxaniidae.

## Species

* M. affinis (Zetterstedt, 1847)
* M. bifaria (Shatalkin, 1993)
* M. brachychaeta (Shatalkin, 1993)
* M. compsella (Hendel, 1903)
* M. conjugata (Becker, 1895)
* M. decempunctata (Fallén, 1820)
* M. decipiens (Loew, 1847)
* M. emarginata (Becker, 1895)
* M. homeotica Shatalkin, 2000
* M. illota (Loew, 1847)
* M. laeta (Zetterstedt, 1838)
* M. mihalyii (Papp, 1978)
* M. nigripalpis (Czerny, 1932)
* M. obtusa (Collin, 1948)
* M. omei (Malloch, 1929)
* M. oreophila (Shatalkin, 1993)
* M. pectinifera (Shatalkin, 1993)
* M. pallidiventris (Fallén, 1820)
* M. platycephala (Loew, 1847)
* M. rorida (Fallén, 1820)
* M. stylata (Papp, 1978)
* M. subfasciata (Zetterstedt, 1838)
* M. subpallidiventris (Papp, 1878)
* M. vittata (Walker, 1849)
# Huracán Ramírez (disambiguation)

Huracán Ramírez was the ring name of masked professional wrestler Daniel García Arteaga.
Huracán Ramírez may also refer to:
* Huracán Ramírez (fictional character), a fictional film character played by a number of actors and wrestlers over the years
* Huracán Ramírez (film), a 1952 black-and-white Mexican Lucha film where the character was first introduced
# Hydroporus tartaricus

Hydroporus tartaricus is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It is found in North America.
# Meisl

Meisl is a surname. Notable persons with that name include:
* Karl Meisl (1775–1853), Austrian dramatist
* Hugo Meisl (1881–1937), Austrian football coach and referee
* Willy Meisl (1895–1968), Austrian sports journalist, brother of Hugo Meisl
* Luca Meisl (born 1999), Austrian footballer
* Matteo Meisl (born 2000), Austrian footballer
# Comitas recticosta

Comitas recticosta is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Distribution

Fossils of this species were found in Piedmont, Italy.
# Melanitis ansorgei

Melanitis ansorgei, the blue evening brown, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda (from the western part of the country to the Bwamba Valley). The habitat consists of forests.
# Hylaeaicum margaretae

Hylaeaicum margaretae is a species of flowering plant in the family Bromeliaceae, endemic to Brazil (the state of Amazonas). It was first described in 1968 as Neoregelia margaretae. The specific epithet pays homage to Margaret Mee, a British botanical artist who carried out fifteen expeditions to the Amazon rainforest to collect and paint rare or endangered plant species, including many species of Bromeliaceae.

## Description
### Pollen

The pollen of the species is large, ranging in size from 51 μm to 100 μm. The pollen is of the monad type and it has multiple poles. When viewed from a pole, the pollen is an ellipsoid shape. When dry, the pollen is an irregular shape and has irregular infoldings. The apertures on the pollen's surface are porus and psilate, lacking ornamentation. The grains lack orbicules.

## Taxonomy

Hylaeaicum margaretae was first described by Lyman Bradford Smith in 1968 as Neoregelia margaretae. It was transferred to the genus Hylaeaicum in 2021.

## Habitat and distribution

Hylaeaicum margaretae can be found in Brazil across the Amazon region. The holotype was collected by Margaret Mee in the state of Amazonas by the Içana River in February 1968.

## Painting

Margaret Mee was known for her paintings of bromeliads in the Amazon, and Hylaeaicum margaretae was one of the species she recorded in watercolor. Mee was the first to record the existence of the species, unknown to science and still unnamed at the time. The painting of H. margaretae, made in 1979, was notable for its ability to capture botanical details of the species while still showing the plant in its totality, rather than on different plates which depict individual parts.
# Hylaeaicum stoloniferum

Hylaeaicum stoloniferum is a species of flowering plant in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. It was first described by Lyman Bradford Smith in 1963 as Neoregelia stolonifera.
# Huron river chain of lakes

The Huron river chain of lakes consists of an eight-mile (13 km) connection of nine lakes: Big Portage, Little Portage, Baseline, Zukey, Strawberry, Whitewood, Gallagher, Ore, and Tamarack Lake.

## Geography

The chain is a watershed of the Huron River and covers northern Washtenaw County and southern Livingston County in Michigan. Big Portage, Little Portage, Base Line, Zukey, Strawberry, Whitewood and Gallagher can all be navigated by normal watercraft, however, Ore and Tamarack are only accessible by small watercraft. The lakes are connected by no-wake canals and are mainly navigated by order of Little Portage, Big Portage, Baseline, Whitewood, Gallagher, Strawberry, and Zukey. Big Portage is 680 acres (2.8 km$^2$) with the deepest point at 84 feet (26 m), making it the largest lake on the chain. Strawberry Lake is the second largest at 257 acres (1.04 km$^2$) with its deepest point at 64 feet (20 m).

## History

During the 18th century French fur traders traveled from Lake Erie to Big Portage by way of the Huron River.
# Huronia Heights, Michigan

Huronia Heights is a resort town and unincorporated community in Worth Township, Michigan. It was established as a private resort in 1882 by Marcus Young. A post office operated from December 1886 until June 1901.
It is governed by a homeowner's association, which manages recreational and waste services, alongside setting speed limits. It is governed by a board of trustees, which is elected.
# Zimbabwe at the 2016 Summer Paralympics

Zimbabwe sent six athletes across two different sports to the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016.

## Disability classifications

Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependent upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Some sports, such as athletics, divide athletes by both the category and severity of their disabilities, other sports, for example swimming, group competitors from different categories together, the only separation being based on the severity of the disability.

## Funding and support

Funding issues proved a major challenge for Zimbabwe's participation at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. This was in part a result of only 220,000 of the 2.5 million tickets to watch the Games in Rio being sold a month ahead of the Games. The NPC had been promised US$8,000 to cover the team's travel to Rio. Less than a month prior to the Games, they were informed they would get only US$6,000 and this money would not be delivered until after the conclusion of the Games.

## Medals

Zimbabwe finished the 2016 Games ranked fourth all time for total medals won by African countries, with 23 gold, 26 silver and 20 bronze medals for a total of 69 medals. They were ahead of fifth ranked Algeria who had 19 gold, 13 silver and 25 bronze medals for 57 all time. They were behind third ranked Tunisia who had 74 all time, of which 32 were gold, 28 silver and 14 bronze.

## Athletics
### Women's Track

| Athlete | Events | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Events | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Laina Sithole | 100 m T13 | 13.68 | 5 | did not advance | did not advance |

## Rowing

Rowing made a commitment to developing the sport in Africa, with three countries getting four totals berths to the Rio Games: Kenya, Zimbabwe and South Africa. Only the South African boat in the LTAMix4+ made it through to the finals.
Zimbabwe was granted a Bipartite Commission invitation for a team of four rowers plus a coxswain, to compete in the LTA4+, mixed coxed fours event.
| Athlete(s) | Event | Heats | Heats | Repechage | Repechage | Final | Final |
| Athlete(s) | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Margret Bangajena Michelle Garnett Takudzwa Gwariro Previous Wiri Jessica Davis (C) | Mixed coxed four | 4:08.63 | 6 R | 4:13.76 | 5 FB | 4:07.56 | 12 |
Qualification Legend: FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); R=Repechage
# Marc Oberon

Marc Oberon is an English magician, based in Nottingham.
He has won the USA People's Trophy, European Close Up Championships, the Macmillan International Award and British Ring of the International Brotherhood of Magicians.