OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 316th Troop Carrier Squadron

The 316th Troop Carrier Squadron is an inactive unit of the United States Air Force. Its last assignment was with the 436th Troop Carrier Group, stationed at Godman Field, Kentucky. It was inactivated on 27 June 1949.

## Overview

The unit was active during World War II and the immediate postwar years. Its mission was aerial transportation in the Hawaiian Islands and to forward bases in the Pacific. It later was active in the Air Force Reserve.

## History
### Lineage

* Constituted 316th Troop Carrier Squadron on 7 December 1943
    Activated on 15 December 1943
    Inactivated on 25 March 1946
* Activated in the reserve on 15 March 1947
    Inactivated on 27 June 1949.

### Assignments

* I Troop Carrier Command, 15 December 1943
    Attached to: 61st Troop Carrier Wing, 15 December 1943
    Attached to: 1st Provisional Troop Carrier Group, February-30 September 1944
* VI Air Service Area Command, 4 November 1944
* Seventh Air Force, 22 July 1945
* Eighth Air Force, 1 September 1945
* 54th Troop Carrier Wing, 15 February-25 March 1946
* 436th Troop Carrier Group, 15 March 1947 – 27 June 1949.

### Stations

* Sedalia Army Air Field, Missouri, 15 December 1943
* Alliance Army Air Field, Nebraska 25 January 1944
* Camp Mackall, North Carolina, to March-30 September 1944
* Kahuku AAB, Hawaii (Territory), 4 November 1944
* Bellows Field, Hawaii (Territory), 16 February 1945
* Kadena Airfield, Okinawa, 22 August 1945 – 25 March 1946
* Godman Field, Kentucky, 15 March 1947 – 27 June 1949.

### Aircraft

* C-47 Skytrain, 1944–1945
* C-46 Commando, 1945-1946.
# Gustav Bickell

Gustav Bickell (7 July 1838 – 15 January 1906) was a German orientalist. He was born in Kassel, and died in Vienna.
His father, Johann Wilhelm Bickell, was professor of canon law at the University of Marburg, and died (1848) as minister of justice of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel). In 1862 Gustav became Privatdozent of Semitic and Indo-Germanic languages at Marburg, but the following year he went in the same capacity to the University of Giessen. The finding of a clear testimony in favour of the Immaculate Conception in the hymns of Ephrem the Syrian, which he was transcribing in London, led him to enter the Catholic Church, 5 Nov., 1865. After his conversion he entered the seminary of Fulda, where he was ordained priest on 22 September 1865.
He then taught Semitic languages at the Academy of Münster, and in 1871 was appointed extraordinary professor. At this period he became widely known by his vigorous defence of papal infallibility. In 1874 he went to the University of Innsbruck as professor of Christian archaeology and Semitic languages, which position he held until 1891, when he was called to the chair of Semitic languages at the University of Vienna.

## Publications

He was an enthusiastic student and one of the foremost Semitic scholars of his times. Besides numerous contributions to different reviews he published the following works:
* De indole ac ratione versionis Alexandrinæ in interpretando libri Jobi (Marburg, 1862)
* S. Ephraemi Syri Carmina Nisibena, with prolegomena fixing the laws of Syriac metre (Leipzig, 1866)
* Grundriss der hebräischen Grammatik (ib., 1869–70), translated into English by Sam. I. Curtiss under the title Outlines of Hebrew Grammar (ib., 1877)
* Gründe für die Unfehlbarkeit des Kirchenoberhauptes (Münster, 1870)
* Conspectus rei Syrorum litterariæ (ib., 1871)
* Messe und Pascha (Mainz, 1872), tr. W. F. Skene, The Lord's Supper and the Passover (Edinburgh, 1891)
* Schriften und Gedichte syrischer Kirchenväter (vols. 71 and 72 of the Sammlung der Kirchenväter of Kempten)
* S. Isaaci Antiocheni opera omnia (2 vols., Giessen, 1873–77)
* Kalilag und Damnag (Leipzig, 1876), an edition and translation into German of the earliest extant translation (into Syriac) of the Panchatantra
* Metrices biblicae regulæ exemplis illustratae (Innsbruck, 1879)
* Synodi brixinenses saec. quindecimi (ib., 1880)
* Carmina V. T. metrice (ib., 1882)
* Dichtungen de Hebraer (3 vols., ib., 1882–84)
* Der Prediger (Koheleth) über den Wert des Dasiens (ib., 1886)
* Das Buch Job (Vienna, 1894)
# Matt Favier

Matthew "Matt" Favier (born 16 October 1965) is an Australian sport administrator. He was appointed the eighth Director of the Australian Institute of Sport in December 2011.

## Education

Favier was educated at Tully State High School in Queensland, has a Bachelor of Education in Physical Education from the University of Canberra and an MBA from the University of Technology, Sydney.

## Athletics career

He held an Australian Institute of Sport track and field scholarship from 1983 to 1986. Favier, an 800m runner, was coached by Pat Clohessy. He won the Junior Men's 800m title at the 1983/84 Australian Athletics Championships. He was third in Senior Men's 800m at the 1987/88 and 1989/90 Australian Championships. He competed in the Men's 800m at the 1985 Summer Universiade in Kobe, Japan.

## Sport Administrator

From 1988 to 1993, Favier was a physical education teacher in the Australian Capital Territory school system.
In 1994, Favier moved into high performance sport administration and has since worked for a range of Australian and British sports organizations: Athletics Australia (1994–1996), Western Sydney Academy of Sport (1997–1998), Soccer Australia (1998–1999), Australian Paralympic Committee (1999–2000), Queensland Academy of Sport (2000–2003), UK Athletics (2003–2009), UK Sport (2009–2012) and Australian Institute of Sport (2012 -).
He has been an athletics coach, and while in the United Kingdom coached British sprinter Harry Aikines-Aryeetey, a former youth world champion.
His appointment as Director of the Australian Institute of Sport worried some British sports officials, as it could have impacted Great Britain's medal tally at the 2012 London Olympics. He is the second AIS scholarship holder to be appointed Director, the first being Robert De Castella (1990–1995).
In June 2017, Favier resigned as AIS Director after being appointed chief executive officer at Hockey Australia.
He was the inaugural inductee to the University of Canberra Sport Walk of Fame in 2022.

## Personal life

He was married to Jane Flemming, a former AIS scholarship holder and dual Commonwealth Games athletics gold medallist.
# Paiva, Minas Gerais

Paiva, Minas Gerais is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region of Brazil.
# III Corps (South Korea)

The III Corps is a corps of the Republic of Korea Army that was formed on October 16, 1950. One of its commanders was Major General Yu Jae Hung.

## History
### Korean War

When the Corps was formed it initially consisted of the 5th and 11th Infantry Division. Its responsibility was to mop up any enemy stragglers bypass after the break out of The Pusan Perimeter.

#### Battle for Wonju

Before General Walker's death in an automobile accident, he had attempted to strengthen the UN defense of the 38th parallel. The ROK III Corps defended the 38th parallel north of Gapyeong (Kapyong) and Chuncheon, the II Corps was placed in the center, and the I Corps was deployed on the east coast. By January 1, 1951, they had been broken down by constant guerrilla attacks and all out infantry assaults. They were sent into full retreat. Their sector was handed over to US X Corps.

#### Second Spring Offensive

During The Second Spring Offensive they took heavy casualties at Namjon on May 16, 1951. The People's Volunteer Army of China with three field armies and over 700,000 men heavily outnumbered the defending III Corps. The attack was initially successful but was halted by May 20, 1951. At the time of the offensive the Corp consisted of the 3rd and 9th Infantry Division which withdrew leaving behind their heavy equipment, they scatter and fled south on foot through the Pangdae Mountain. On May 25, 1951, III Corps was disbanded by order of General Van Fleet and reassigned 3rd and 9th Infantry Division to The ROK I Corp and the US X Corp respectively.

### Armistice

In May 1953 III Corps was reformed under Major General Kang Mun Bong and deployed to Kwandae to be trained under US X Corps. In October 1953 when X Corps withdrew, III Corps assumed the responsibility of defending along the east and central front from Pukhan River to the Punchbowl.

## Structure

* Direct
** Headquarters Unit
** 703rd Commando Regiment
** 143rd Intelligence Battalion
** 103rd Signal Group
** 303rd Security Regiment
** 13th Aviation Group
** 13th CBRN Battalion
* Attached
** 1st Mountain Brigade
** 12th Infantry Division
** 21st Infantry Division
** 22nd Infantry Division
** 23rd Security Brigade
** 20th Armored Brigade
** 102nd Armored Brigade
** 3rd Engineer Brigade
** 3rd Artillery Brigade
** 3rd Logistic Support Brigade
# Giacomo I Crispo

Giacomo I Crispo (or Jacopo) (d. 1418) was the eleventh Duke of the Archipelago, etc., from 1397 to 1418, son of the tenth Duke Francesco I Crispo and wife Fiorenza I Sanudo, Lady of Milos, and brother of John II and William II.
He married his cousin Fiorenza Sommaripa, daughter of Gaspare Sommaripa, and wife Maria Sanudo.
According to William Miller, Giacomo died of the flux at Ferrara while travelling to meet Pope Martin V at Mantua. He had involved in arranging the retrocession of Corinth to the Byzantine Empire by the Knights of St. John prior to his death. In his will, Giacomo introduced the Salic Law to the Duchy by excluding his daughter from succession and made his brother John II Crispo his heir and successor.
# Giacomo II Crispo

Giacomo II Crispo (or Jacopo) (d. 1447) was the thirteenth Duke of the Archipelago, etc., from 1433 to 1447.
He was the son of twelfth Duke John II Crispo and Nobil Donna Francesca Morosini, Patrizia Veneta. He was a minor when he succeeded to the throne, and during his minority, he was under the guardianship of his mother Francesca, described as a "masterful woman", who continued to influence in the affairs of state during the reign of her son and grandson until the accession of William II to the throne in 1453, while the Duchy was ruled by his uncles William and Nicholas.
The reign of Giacomo II was reportedly a peaceful and prosperous one, as the Ottomans were occupied in Hungary, and Venice included the Duchy in their protection in their peace treaty with the Ottomans in 1446.
He married in 1444 Ginevra Gattilusio, daughter of Dorino I of Lesbos, and wife Orietta Doria, and had two children:
* Elisabetta Crispo (1445–14??), married in 1454 Dorino II of Ainos, without issue
* Gian Giacomo Crispo
# Business organization

A business organization may refer to
* Company
* Trade association
* Employer's organization
# Gian Singh

Gian Singh may refer to:
* Giani Gian Singh Nihang (19th century), Indian Sikh scholar
* Gian Singh Naqqash (1883–1953), Indian Punjabi artist
* Gian Singh Rarewala (1901–1979), Indian politician
* Gian Singh (soldier) (1920–1996), British Indian Army soldier
* Gian Singh (field hockey) (1928–2004), Malaysian sportsperson
* Gian Singh (wrestler) (born 1959), Indian sportsperson
# List of founding members of the National Academy of Engineering

This is a list of the founding members of the United States National Academy of Engineering.
* Hendrik Wade Bode
* Walker Lee Cisler
* Hugh Latimer Dryden
* Elmer William Engstrom
* William Littell Everitt
* Antoine Marc Gaudin
* Michael Lawrence Haider
* George Edward Holbrook
* John Herbert Hollomon, Jr.
* Thomas Christian Kavanagh
* Augustus Braun Kinzel
* James Nobel Landis
* Clarence Hugo Linder
* Clark Blanchard Millikan
* Nathan Mortimore Newmark
* William Hayward Pickering
* Simon Ramo
* Arthur Emmons Raymond
* Thomas Kilgore Sherwood
* Julius Adams Stratton
* Chauncey Guy Suits
* Frederick Emmons Terman
* Charles Allen Thomas
* Eric Arthur Walker
* Ernst Weber
# Business cycle accounting

Business cycle accounting is an accounting procedure used in macroeconomics to decompose business cycle fluctuations into contributing factors. The procedure was introduced by V. V. Chari, Patrick Kehoe, and Ellen McGrattan but is similar to techniques introduced earlier. The underlying premise of the procedure is that the economy has a long run trajectory which is perturbed by various frictions. These are called wedges and the earliest version of the procedure includes a productivity wedge, a labor wedge, an investment wedge and a government consumption wedge. Business cycle accounting decomposes fluctuations in macroeconomic variables, such as GDP or employment, into fluctuations of each of these wedges (and their combinations).
Business cycle accounting has been done for various countries and various periods of time. The procedure suggests for the United States after World War II most fluctuation in GDP is due to fluctuations in the productivity and labor wedges.
# Burro da Ilha Graciosa

The Burro da Ilha Graciosa or Burro Anão da Graciosa is a breed of small domestic donkey endemic to the island of Graciosa, in the North Atlantic archipelago of the Azores, which are an autonomous region of Portugal. It is critically endangered, but is not officially recognised or reported to the DAD-IS database of the FAO. Efforts are being made to obtain official recognition and protection of the breed.

## History

Donkeys were introduced to the Azores, which does not have any large indigenous mammal, by Portuguese colonists in the fifteenth century; their presence there is documented in the Saudades da Terra of Gaspar Frutuoso (1522–1591). The donkey became the principal beast of burden in the Azores. It was used also for riding, but not as a draught animal. Donkeys were very numerous in the islands; in 1841 the number on São Miguel alone was estimated at 8000.
The number of donkeys on Graciosa in now severely reduced; the number remaining was reported as 26 in 2001$^{:45–46}$ and as about 70 in 2008. As with the Miranda donkey, male donkeys used for farm work were for preference castrated; the number of donkey geldings on the island may be a factor in the effective population.
A process of recognition of the Burro da Ilha Graciosa as an autochthonous breed began in 2005. An association, the Associação de Criadores e Amigos do Burro da Ilha Graciosa, was formed in 2013. The University of the Azores oversees a programme of recovery and conservation of the remaining population; it also manages the conservation programme for the endangered Pónei da Terceira.$^{:36}$

## Characteristics

The Burro da Ilha Graciosa is a small donkey, standing on average 105.8 cm. The coat is usually pale grey or mouse-brown in colour, but may also be bay or black; the belly, muzzle and surround of the eyes are paler. A darker dorsal stripe and shoulder-stripe are often seen, especially in pale-coloured animals; the legs may have zebra-stripes.
# Giada in Paradise

Giada in Paradise is a show that debuted on the Food Network on June 16, 2007. The series features host Giada De Laurentiis exploring food and culture at her favorite vacation destinations. In 2012, the series switched to the Cooking Channel, where, as of May 25, 2013, four more episodes have aired. In 2014, the series won a Daytime Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Directing (Anne Fox), Single Camera Photography, and Single Camera Editing.

## Episodes

* June 16, 2007: Santorini – Giada explores the food, culture and scenery of the Greek island of Santorini from its idyllic beaches and cliffside villages.
* June 23, 2007: Capri – Giada visits Capri, Italy, one of her family's favorite vacation spots, and offers tips for touring the island.
* January 15, 2012: Bora Bora – An exploration of the French Polynesian island of Bora Bora in the South Pacific
* January 20, 2013: Monaco – Giada takes in the sights and foods of Monte Carlo while traveling through Monaco.
* April 21, 2013: Thailand – Giada samples the many foods of Thailand.
* May 25, 2013: Monte Carlo – Giada explores the cuisine of Monte Carlo, as well as other attractions.
# 1903 in Brazil

Events in the year 1903 in Brazil.

## Incumbents
### Federal government

* President: Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves
* Vice President: Francisco Silviano de Almeida Brandão

### Governors

* Alagoas: Euclides Vieira Malta (till 12 June), Joaquim Paulo Vieira Malta (from 12 June)
* Amazonas: Silvério José Néri
* Bahia: Severino Vieira
* Ceará: Pedro Augusto Borges
* Goiás: José Xavier de Almeida
* Maranhão: Manuel Lopes da Cunha
* Mato Grosso: Antônio Pedro Alves de Barros, then Antônio Pais de Barros
* Minas Gerais: Francisco Salles
* Pará: Augusto Montenegro
* Paraíba: José Peregrino de Araújo
* Paraná: Francisco Xavier da Silva
* Pernambuco: Antônio Gonçalves Ferreira
* Piauí: Arlindo Francisco Nogueira
* Rio Grande do Norte: Alberto Maranhão
* Rio Grande do Sul: Antônio Augusto Borges de Medeiros
* Santa Catarina:
* São Paulo:
* Sergipe:

### Vice governors

* Rio Grande do Norte:
* São Paulo:

## Events

* 29 June - A meteorite fall, classification H5, is observed in Uberaba, Minas Gerais.
* 11 November - The Treaty of Petrópolis ends tension between Brazil and Bolivia over the then-Bolivian territory of Acre (today the Acre state).

## Births

* 3 August - Aimée de Heeren, socialite (died 2006)
* 7 November - Ary Barroso, composer, pianist, songwriter, soccer commentator, and talent-show host (died 1964)
* 22 December - Joanídia Sodré, music educator, pianist, conductor and composer (died 1975)
* 30 December - Cândido Portinari, painter (died 1962)

## Deaths

* 22 February - Victor Meirelles, painter (born 1832)
# 1903 in Afghanistan

The following lists events that happened during 1903 in Afghanistan.
The year passes quietly, without any internal disturbances, and nothing more is heard, or at least made public, about the attempt of Russia to establish direct intercourse between its own and the Afghan frontier officials for commercial purposes. The amir appoints his brother, Sardar Nasrullah Khan, commander-in-chief, and he orders the construction of a line of fortified serais from Dacca to Kabul, from Kabul to Kotal Manjan, in Badakhshan, from Kabul to the Oxus, and from Balkh to Bala Murghab, on the Russian frontier.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Habibullah Khan

## Events
### Early 1903

The amir is compelled to abandon his project of forming a bodyguard of Afridis owing to the jealousy which it excited, and those who were enlisted are disbanded and sent back to their homes, and their rifles are taken back from them.
* February 4 – Maj. Henry McMahon, the British officer appointed to settle the boundary dispute between Persia and Afghanistan, reaches the Helmand, and is joined by the Afghan commissioner on February 12. The work is said to proceed satisfactorily. A joint Afghan and British commission was appointed to demarcate the boundary between the two countries, from Nawa Kila, where Richard Udny left off in 1895, to the Peiwar, where Mr. Donald began on the Kurram side.

### Late 1903

It is reported that the amir's half-brother, Mohammad Omar, is suspected of intriguing against him, and that there is a serious dispute between the amir and Mohammad Omar's mother about family jewels.
* late August – There is a severe outbreak of cholera at Kabul, which proves fatal to more than one of the amir's leading officials. The amir himself remains in Kabul throughout the outbreak, doing his utmost to allay the alarm, and personally superintending sanitary reforms.
* October – Thirty-six sepoys are tried by court-martial at Kabul on charges of inciting to rebellion, and are put to death in the presence of all the troops.
* October 16 – The amir holds a great durbar in honour of his accession, and speaks in praise of the mullahs, whom he is said to greatly favour generally.

## Births

* Abdul Wahab Khan Tarzi

## Deaths

* Sahibzada Abdul Latif
# Bury, West Sussex

Bury is a village and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It is located on the A29 road, around 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Pulborough.
The villages of Bury and nearby West Burton are sited at the foot of the scarp slope of the South Downs, where springs from the chalk strata provided a constant supply of clean water. The Anglican parish church of St. John the Evangelist lies east of the village centre on the west bank of the River Arun. The church is dominated by a 12th Century tower with a cedar-shingled spire. There was formerly a passenger ferry by rowing boat to Amberley on the east bank.
There are many old houses in the village and a large modern village hall. There is one pub, the Squire and Horse, beside the A29 road. Bury House close to the pub was the home of author John Galsworthy for the final seven years of his life.
West Burton, across some fields to the west, is smaller than Bury and has many interesting old houses. The village has a cricket club which plays its home matches at Bury Common.
The parish has a land area of 1315 hectares (3247 acres). In the 2001 census 691 people lived in 264 households, of whom 319 were economically active. The 2011 Census recorded a population of 642.

## Governance

An electoral ward of the same name exists. This ward stretches North West to Graffham with a population taken at the 2011 census of 2,201.
# 1904 in science fiction

The year 1904 was marked, in science fiction, by the following events.

## Awards

The main science-fiction Awards known at the present time did not exist at this time.

## Literary releases
### Novels

* Master of the World (in French : La Maître du monde), novel by Jules Verne.

### Comics
## Audiovisual outputs
### Movies

* The Impossible Voyage (in French : Le Voyage à travers l'impossible), by par Georges Méliès.
# Maurens, Haute-Garonne

Maurens is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Hjem går vi ikke

Hjem går vi ikke (We're Not Going Home) is a Norwegian film from 1955 directed by Walter Fyrst. It is about living conditions along the Aker River. It is based on the story "En gutts dag" (A Boy's Day) by Eva Seeberg. In addition to the film's originally planned title En gutts dag, the title Jan – en dag av en gutts liv (Jan: A Day in a Boy's Life) was also considered.

## Plot

The film begins with a short film about Le Corbusier's modern residential building Unité d'habitation in Marseille. Then the scene changes to a three-room apartment owned by an elderly woman played by Ella Hval. The apartment is inhabited by a three-generation family: five adults and one child. Early in the plot, the six-year-old main character Jan, played by Bjørn Olav Cook, escapes from home for a few summer weeks, together with his large St. Bernard, which the adults intend to have put down. The boy's parents are played by Eva Strøm Aastorp and Carsten Byhring. The young couple Toralv Maurstad and Kari Sundby also live in the apartment, but they want to move out. The last resident is a seamstress, played by Rønnaug Alten, who is the boy's aunt. Various cross-cuts show another couple, a car workshop owner played by Jack Fjeldstad and his girlfriend played by Ingerid Vardund. Other roles are played by Einar Vaage and Alf Malland. The young Arve Opsahl had a minor role in the film.

## Reception

One of the reviewers praised the beautiful scenes from the Aker River but thought the action was too rambling and that Sverre Arvid Bergh's music did little to bring rhythm to an uncertain cinematic composition. The film was aired on NRK television in 1973. The film rights were acquired by Nordisk Film in 2007.

## Cast

* Toralv Maurstad as Einar, a car mechanic, Bitten's fiancé
* Kari Sundby as Bitten, Marie's daughter
* Eva Strøm Aastorp as Randi, Roar's wife
* Rønnaug Alten as Marie, Roar's sister
* Carsten Byhring as Roar, the grandmother's son, a crane operator
* Bjørn Olav Cook as Jan, Roar and Randi's son
* Oscar Egede-Nissen
* Jack Fjeldstad as a car workshop owner
* Ella Hval as the grandmother
* Einar Vaage as Olsen, a caretaker
* Ingerid Vardund as the car workshop owner's girlfriend