OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of paper currency in Indian subcontinent

Many European trading companies came to India's during the 18th century. These trading companies set up private banks which issued paper currencies in Indian subcontinent first. But these notes were text-based. Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning first introduced paper currency in Indian subcontinent in 1861 officially.
India has a rich tradition of financial instruments and hundi. In the modern sense, paper currency was introduced in India in the last half of the eighteenth century when private and semi-public banks began to introduce currency. The Paper Currency Act, 1861 gave the Government of India the exclusive right to print and circulate banknotes and thereby abolishes the printing and circulation of banknotes by the private Presidency Banks. Until the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India on 1 April 1935, the Government of India continued to print and issue banknotes.

## Reason

The expansionist strategies of the East India Company led Bengal to a scarcity of gold and silver bullion. Sensing an emerging credit crisis, the British official introduced paper currency in India.

## Historical overview

Warren Hastings established the Bank of Hindostan (1770–1832) which was considered the general bank in Bengal and Bihar (1773–75) and the Bank of Bengal (1784–91) issued the bank notes initially. The government formed by the East India Company didn't recognize these paper currencies officially. These were restricted promissory currencies and only legal for private uses. Because of financial mishandling, the three banks were shut down and these notes were non-starters even in 1832. After the enactment of the paper currency act in 1861, a series of banknotes and coins were issued in the honor of Queen Victoria in 1862 with her portrait on them.
As the business of counterfeit notes increased, this new chain was introduced in 1867 and was divided into 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 and 10,000 rupees notes. In 1923, another series with the portrait of George V was introduced. It was divided into 1, 26, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 rupees notes.
In January 1936, the Reserve Bank of India first issued five rupee notes containing the portrait of King George VI. Then in 10 February rupee notes, in March 100 rupee notes and in June 1938 1000 and 10000 rupee notes were released. Notes with a portrait of King George VI were issued in 1948 and later until 1950, after which notes with a picture of the Ashoka Pillar were issued.
# Hitmakers (TV series)

Hitmakers was a Scandinavian reality television program for music competition which aired on Swedish Kanal 5 television channel in Spring 2008 with the premiere broadcast on Sunday, April 6, 2008. It was hosted by Carolina Gynning.
The program aimed to find the next winning songwriter and was produced by Meter Film & Television and was open to contestants from Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Judges came from various record companies in the three countries. Lesser-known artists presented their own composition on condition that they have not been released yet on an album and they would get answers within a few weeks whether the song presented had any hit appeal, with a potential release of the song by one of the represented record companies.
Thousands of songs were presented for screening to a selection committee. When a song has been put through, they get an audience in front of the five professional judges. If the song gets no offers, it is eliminated. If a song gets just one offer, it is reserved for use by that record label. When more than one representative picks a particular song, a bid is initiated with the higher bidder getting to sign the artist concerned.
# 2018 Bengaluru Open – Doubles

Mikhail Elgin and Divij Sharan were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Britons Max Purcell and Luke Saville won the title after defeating Purav Raja and Antonio Šančić 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, 6–3 in the final.

## Seeds

* Kevin Krawietz / Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan (first round)
* Purav Raja / Antonio Šančić (final)
* Sriram Balaji / Vishnu Vardhan (quarterfinals)
* Sanchai Ratiwatana / Sonchat Ratiwatana (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | K Krawietz J Nedunchezhiyan | 3 | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Martin H Podlipnik Castillo | 6 | 3 | [10] | | A Martin H Podlipnik Castillo | 6 | 2 | [2] | | | | | | | | | |
| | C-p Hsieh T-h Yang | 6 | 3 | [10] | | C-p Hsieh T-h Yang | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Nedovyesov M Trungelliti | 1 | 6 | [3] | | | | | | | C-p Hsieh T-h Yang | 3 | 4 | | | | | |
| 3 | S Balaji V Vardhan | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | M Purcell L Saville | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| WC | S Nagal B Schnur | 4 | 3 | | 3 | S Balaji V Vardhan | 6$^3$ | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | C Sood L Sood | 2 | 2 | | | M Purcell L Saville | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Purcell L Saville | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | M Purcell L Saville | 7$^7$ | 6 |
| WC | SDP Dev N Kaliyanda Poonacha | 1 | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | P Raja A Šančić | 6$^3$ | 3 |
| | A Pavlioutchenkov F Peliwo | 6 | 6$^3$ | [2] | WC | SDP Dev N Kaliyanda Poonacha | 3 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Kadhe S Myneni | 6 | 3 | [11] | | A Kadhe S Myneni | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Sa Ratiwatana So Ratiwatana | 3 | 6 | [9] | | | | | | | A Kadhe S Myneni | 6 | 2 | [8] | | | | |
| | R Albot M Polmans | 4 | 5 | | | | | | | 2 | P Raja A Šančić | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| | B Kavčič T-S Weissborn | 6 | 7 | | | B Kavčič T-S Weissborn | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Arneodo Q Halys | 4 | 7$^8$ | [9] | 2 | P Raja A Šančić | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | P Raja A Šančić | 6 | 6$^6$ | [11] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Hintonville, Mississippi

Hintonville is an unincorporated community located in Perry County, Mississippi, United States. Hintonville is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Beaumont on Mississippi Highway 15 and a part of the Hattiesburg, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. Hintonville was named in the late 1800s in honor of Arthur "Manny" Hinton, a local pastor, Husband of Corinne Bush, and father of 25 (born between two (2) wives). Pastor Hinton was the irect descendant of two brothers who were separated and then sold during slavery: One permitted to retain the family name, "McSwain", the other given the name of the other master, "Hinton"

## History

Hintonville is located on the former Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad. Hintonville was formerly home to a train station. A school was in operation for the community at one point prior to closing. A post office operated under the name Hintonville from 1902 to 1914.
# Ho Chi Minh City University of Sport

Ho Chi Minh University Of Sport (Vietnamese language: Đại học Thể dục Thể thao Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh) is a university in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The university is located in Linh Trung Ward, Thủ Đức, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The university provides education in sports and gymnastics from undergraduate to graduate and postgraduate. The university was founded on the basis of Sports and Gymnastics School II by the Vietnamese prime minister on September 18, 1985, by the Decision 234/HDBT.
# Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology

Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology (abbreviation: HUFLIT) is a university located at 828 Su Van Hanh, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Date of foundation: October 26, 1992, according to Decision No. 616/Ttg by the Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. HUFLIT is the first private university in Ho Chi Minh City and South Vietnam on the basis of former Saigon Foreign Languages and Information Technology School which was established in 1992.
HUFLIT is a tertiary education institution (basing on the credit system) directly supervised and managed by the Ministry of Education and Training.
HUFLIT's greatest objective is to educate and train intellectuals to gain a tertiary education, having knowledge related to a specialized field as well as to good practical and professional skills that meet the needs of the market economy. The academic curriculum of HUFLIT is suitable for Vietnamese requirements and comparable to the curriculum of advanced universities in the world.

## Faculties

* Faculty of Foreign Languages (English and Chinese)
* Faculty of Information Technology
* Faculty of Oriental Languages and Cultures (Japanese, Korean, Chinese)
* Department of International Business Administration
* Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality
* Faculty of International Relations
* Faculty of Accounting - Finance
* Faculty of Second Degree (English, Chinese, BA)
* Faculty of Political Reasoning
* Faculty of Law
# Mary Waltman

Mary Waltman is an American actress who is the voice of the character Lemon Meringue in the series Strawberry Shortcake (remade in 2003). In 2006 she debuted in the movie Strawberry Shortcake: The Sweet Dreams Movie as Lemon Meringue. In 2007 she was in Berry Blossom Festival and Let's Dance, also as Lemon Meringue. In 2008 she was in Big Country Fun, also as Lemon Meringue. She has also done some voice work for the series Horseland. She currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Waltman currently attends the University of Alabama as a musical theatre major.
# Hoarau

Hoarau is a surname common in Réunion. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gérard Hoarau, politician from the Seychelles
* Élie Hoarau, politician representing Réunion, husband of Gélita
* Gélita Hoarau, politician representing Réunion, wife of Élie
* Guillaume Hoarau, footballer from Réunion
* Pauline Hoarau, model from Réunion
# Hoar Oak Water

Hoar Oak Water is a moorland tributary of the East Lyn River in Exmoor, Somerset, England.
It rises at Hoaroak Hill in the Chains geological site and flows to Watersmeet in the East Lyn Valley in Devon.
# Church of St Andrew, Withypool

The Anglican Church of St Andrew in Withypool, Somerset, England was built in late medieval period. It is a Grade II* listed building.

## History

The church was built in the Middle Ages but the tower was rebuilt in the early 17th century. A Victorian restoration was carried out in 1887 with further rebuilding in 1902.
The parish is part of the Exmoor benefice within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.

## Architecture

The stone building has slate roofs. It consists of a three-bay nave and a north aisle. The two-stage tower is supported by diagonal buttresses. Partly set into the northwest buttress is a medieval carved stone cross.
Within the church is a Norman font. The white stone chalice-shaped font has a scalloped bowl on a cylindrical shaft.
# Châtillon-sur-Saône

Châtillon-sur-Saône (French pronunciation: , literally Châtillon on Saône) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
# Châtillon-sur-Morin

Châtillon-sur-Morin (French pronunciation:, literally Châtillon on Morin) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# 2017 Crescent Vårgårda UCI Women's WorldTour

The 2017 Crescent Women World Cup Vårgårda Team time trial featured as the tenth round of the 2017 UCI Women's World Tour. It was held on 11 August 2017, in Vårgårda, Sweden.

## Results

Result :
| Rank | Team | Time |
| 1 | Boels–Dolmans | 52' 39" |
| 2 | Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling | + 13" |
| 3 | Canyon–SRAM | + 51" |
| 4 | Team Sunweb | + 1' 23" |
| 5 | Wiggle High5 | + 2'08" |
| 6 | Team VéloCONCEPT | + 2' 22" |
| 7 | WM3 Pro Cycling | + 2' 26" |
| 8 | FDJ Nouvelle-Aquitaine Futuroscope | + 2' 33" |
| 9 | Team Hitec Products | + 3' 06" |
| 10 | BTC City Ljubljana | + 3' 08" |
| 11 | Australia (National team) | + 3' 17" |
| 12 | Bepink–Cogeas | + 3' 21" |
| 13 | Cylance Pro Cycling | + 3' 25" |
| 14 | Alé–Cipollini | + 3' 29" |
| 15 | Lotto–Soudal Ladies | + 4' 42" |
| 16 | Drops | + 4' 57" |
| 17 | Lensworld–Kuota | + 5' 14" |
| 18 | Servetto Giusta | + 5' 29" |
| 19 | Lares–Waowdeals | + 5' 30" |
| 20 | Norway (National team) | + 5' 37" |
| 21 | Sport Vlaanderen–Guill D'or | + 6' 37" |
# Mary Bassett Clarke

Mary Bassett Clarke (née, Bassett; pen name, Ida Fairfield; November 18, 1831 – August 2, 1908) was an American writer of the long nineteenth century. She was a contributor to The Flag of Our Union, Rural New Yorker, as well as periodicals issued by the Seventh Day Baptists. Autumn Leaves was published in 1894.

## Early life and education

Mary Bassett was born in Independence, New York, November 18, 1831. She was the daughter of John Chandler Bassett, a well-to-do farmer of western New York, and Martha (St. John) Bassett. She was the seventh in a family of twelve children who lived to maturity. She was educated in Alfred University. Although ill-health limited her opportunities, she was graduated from the university in 1857.

## Career

At the age of fifteen, she began writing for publication, under the pen-name "Ida Fairfield," in The Flag of Our Union. With some interruption by ill-health, she continued many years to be a contributor to that paper, to the Rural New Yorker, as well as local papers and periodicals. For several years her writings, both prose and verse, were principally given to periodicals issued by the Seventh Day Baptists, of which religion she was a member. A collection of her poems, Autumn Leaves, was published in 1894 (Buffalo).

## Personal life

She married William Lewis Clarke (1835–1920) on September 8, 1859, and removed to Ashaway, Rhode Island. He served as president of the Missionary Board, and as a Massachusetts State Senator. The Clarke's had three children: Ada Augusta (b. 1861), John Thomas (b. 1863), and Charles Welling (b. 1865). She died August 2, 1908.

## Selected works

* 1894, Autumn Leaves
# Chế Năng

Chế Năng was an Đại Việt vassal king of Champa.$^{:229}$ Chế Năng was son of king Jaya Simhavarman III and the Javanese (Yavadvipa) queen Tapasi. His name was also Simhavarman. During his reign, he tried to conquer previously lost territories of O and Ly.$^{:90}$ In 1318, the Vietnamese emperor, Tran Minh Tong, dispatched generals Tran Quoc Chan and Pham Ngu Lao to defeat Che Nang. Che Nang was defeated and escaped to Java.
# Hofsee (Speck)

Hofsee is a lake at Speck, Kargow, Mecklenburgische Seenplatte, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. At an elevation of 62.5 m, its surface area is 1.15 km$^2$.
* This Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district) location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# 1894 Rush Medical football team

The 1894 Rush Medical football team was an American football team that represented Rush Medical College in the 1894 college football season.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 6 | | Prairie Athletic Club | Oak ParkChicago, IL | W 12–0 |
| October 10 | | Chicago | Marshall FieldChicago, IL | L 6–16 |
| October 20 | 3:30 p.m. | Chicago Athletic Association | West Side ball parkChicago, IL | L 6–12 |
| October 27 | | at Beloit | Beloit, WI | L 12–22 |
| November 3 | 3:00 p.m. | Lake Forest | West Side ball parkChicago, IL | W 34–6 |
| November 10 | | Chicago YMCA | West Side ball parkChicago, IL | L 4–16 |
| November 17 | | at Grinnell | Grinnell, IA | L 6–38 |
| November 21 | 3:00 p.m. | Englewood High School | West Side ball parkChicago, IL | |
| November 22 | | at Notre Dame | Brownson Hall fieldNotre Dame, IN | L 6–18 (or 6–12) |
| November 29 | | at Monmouth (IL) | Monmouth, IL | W 18–6 |

## Roster

* Rosters for the Lake Forest and Englewood High School games are unknown.
# Being Victor

Being Victor was a web and television series set in Glasgow, Scotland. It was produced by Shed Media Scotland.

## Synopsis

Vinnie Dupe (Dean Smith) is seventeen years old, and he’s doing his Highers at Queen Mary’s College in Glasgow, Scotland. He used to get a hard time at school, but college isn’t too bad, and Vinnie has an active online life to keep him busy, blogging as his witty, scathing alter ego as "Victor Sage".
Vinnie’s best friends are Eva and Doyle. It’s always been the three of them, a slightly goofy clique happy to hover round the edges of cool. But nothing stays the same forever, and things are about to change as Eva starts dating Danny Burton (Sam Robertson), college goldenboy and Vinnie's tormenter. Vinnie is determined to split them up and uses his blog to interfere in his friends' lives with some dire consequences.

## Release

Being Victor was first released via the internet by MTV UK on 7 September 2010 in a 20-episode form, each up to 10 minutes in length. STV had then broadcast the series on television from 5 October 2010, re-edited into 6 episodes running at approximately 25 minutes.
Victor's blog and Twitter account went live July 2010, prior to the release of the show.

## Production

The commission was awarded by CTVC in June/July 2009 to Shed Media Scotland, who developed and produced the concept. The project was then match-funded by the Digital Media IP Fund (jointly financed by the Creative Scotland Innovation Fund and Scottish Enterprise) in August 2009.
The series featured music by: Pooch, X-Lion Tamer, Miniature Dinosaurs, MandaRin, Kochka, Found, Fangs, Cancel the Astronauts and Any Colour Black.

## Articles

* Shed Wins Online Drama Commission
* MTV Press Release for Being Victor
* Creative Scotland-supported digital drama to debut on MTV
* STV Press Release
* Being Victor in Roughcuts magazine
# Charles d'Aiguebelle

Charles d'Aiguebelle is noted for his single publication "Homographie ... Choix de vingt Plantes indigènes et coloniales" published in Paris in 1828 by Fain, and dedicated to the Duchess de Berry. The work consists of 20 hand-coloured lithographic and nature-printed plates by Bernard and d'Aiguebelle, each with accompanying text by L. Madale.
Charles d'Aiguebelle used a combination of lithography and nature printing for preparing the plates of this work, and termed the process 'Homographie'. Leaf specimens were coated in wax and applied to the lithographer's stone, the other parts of the plant were then superimposed and the whole printed as a single image. This technique struck a good balance between the accurate detail achieved by nature printing, and the artistic effect brought about by the lithographic process. Further publications which never materialised were promised by d'Aiguebelle - "nous donnons ici vingt planches, formant la premiere anne d'une collection de cent vingt planches, tant exotiques qu'indigènes. Nous offrons aussi aux amateurs une autre Collection de quatre cent trente-deux plantes, et livrables de mois en mois, per cahier de six planches".
Charles d'Aiguebelle was awarded a silver medal at the Paris Exposition of 1834 for his “transports sur pierre d’impression anciennes”, the anastatic process of lithography. History attributes the invention to Baldermus of Berlin. It was introduced to England in 1844 by William Siemens and patented in the name of Joseph Woods of Bucklersbury. Later in the same century its invention was claimed by a certain Rudolph Appel.
The d'Aiguebelles originate from Upaix and Montgardin, and are descended from Bertrand d'Aiguebelle.
# 2022 Kharkiv bombing

2022 Kharkiv bombing may refer to:
* February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Kharkiv government building airstrike
* March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
# German submarine U-4705

German submarine U-4705 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 7 July 1944 and was laid down on 10 November 1944 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft AG, Kiel, as yard number 947. She was launched on 11 January 1945 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Martin Landt-Hayen on 2 February 1945.

## Design

Like all Type XXIII U-boats, U-4705 had a displacement of 234 tonnes (230 long tons) when at the surface and 258 tonnes (254 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 34.68 m (113 ft 9 in) (o/a), a beam width of 3.02 m (9 ft 11 in) (o/a), and a draught depth of 3.66 m (12 ft). The submarine was powered by one MWM six-cylinder RS134S diesel engine providing 575–630 metric horsepower (423–463 kilowatts; 567–621 shaft horsepower), one AEG GU4463-8 double-acting electric motor electric motor providing 580 PS (430 kW; 570 shp), and one BBC silent running CCR188 electric motor providing 35 PS (26 kW; 35 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 9.7 knots (18.0 km/h; 11.2 mph) and a submerged speed of 12.5 knots (23.2 km/h; 14.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) for 194 nautical miles (359 km; 223 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 2,600 nautical miles (4,800 km; 3,000 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-4705 was fitted with two 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes in the bow. She could carry two preloaded torpedoes. The complement was 14–18 men. This class of U-boat did not carry a deck gun.

## Service history

On 3 May 1945, U-4705 was scuttled at Kiel as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# Otávio de Faria

Otávio de Faria (October 15, 1908 – October 17, 1980) was a Brazilian journalist and writer. He was elected a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters on January 13, 1972. He was most noted as author of the monumental testimonial (and prophetic) A Tragédia burguesa (The Bourgeois Tragedy).
In a noted essay, "Pandeísmo em Carlos Nejar", de Faria "spoke of the pandeism of Carlos Nejar"; in the evaluation of Giovanni Pontiero,
   Otávio de Faria póde falar, com razão, de um pandeísmo de Carlos Nejar. Não uma poesia panteísta, mas pandeísta. Quero dizer, uma cosmogonia, um canto geral, um cancioneiro do humano e do divino. Mas o divino no humano". Translation: "Otávio de Faria spoke of the pandeism of Carlos Nejar. Not a pantheist poetry, but pandeist. I want to say, a cosmogony, one I sing generally, a chansonnier of the human being and the holy ghost. But the holy ghost in the human being.
He was born in Rio de Janeiro, son of Alberto Faria and Maria Teresa de Almeida Faria, and in Rio de Janeiro he died.
# Igor Zhiltsov

Igor Zhiltsov (Игорь Жильцов), (born circa 1966) is a Russian rugby league footballer who represented Russia in the 2000 World Cup.

## Career

Known for his performances for Lokomotiv, champion and winner of the Russian Cup. He played for the team since the days of the USSR. As a member of the Russia, he played at the 2000 World Cup, He played in two matches at the tournament, coming off the bench in both games. He also made a try against Fiji in the tournament.
# Otín

Otín may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Otín (Jihlava District), a municipality and village in the Vysočina Region
* Otín (Žďár nad Sázavou District), a municipality and village in the Vysočina Region
* Otín, a village and part of Jindřichův Hradec in the South Bohemian Region
* Otín, a village and part of Klatovy in the Plzeň Region
* Otín, a village and part of Luka nad Jihlavou in the Vysočina Region
* Otín, a village and part of Planá (Tachov District) in the Plzeň Region