# James Dillon, 3rd Earl of Roscommon

Sir James Dillon, 3rd Earl of Roscommon (c. 1605 – 1649) was an Irish magnate and politician. He was born a Catholic but converted at a young age to the Church of Ireland. He supported Strafford during his term as governor of Ireland. In the Confederate Wars and the Cromwellian conquest he was a royalist. He died in 1649, but was nevertheless included as the fifth on the list of people that were excluded from pardon in Cromwell's 1652 Act of Settlement.
Family tree :
| | | | | | | James 1st Earl d. 1641 | James 1st Earl d. 1641 | James 1st Earl d. 1641 | James 1st Earl d. 1641 | | | Eleanor Barnewall d. 1628 | Eleanor Barnewall d. 1628 | Eleanor Barnewall d. 1628 | Eleanor Barnewall d. 1628 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Margaret Barry | Margaret Barry | Margaret Barry | Margaret Barry | Margaret Barry | Margaret Barry | Robert 2nd Earl d. 1642 | Robert 2nd Earl d. 1642 | Robert 2nd Earl d. 1642 | Robert 2nd Earl d. 1642 | Robert 2nd Earl d. 1642 | Robert 2nd Earl d. 1642 | Ann Strode | Ann Strode | Ann Strode | Ann Strode | Ann Strode | Ann Strode |
| James 3rd Earl c. 1605 – 1649 | James 3rd Earl c. 1605 – 1649 | James 3rd Earl c. 1605 – 1649 | James 3rd Earl c. 1605 – 1649 | James 3rd Earl c. 1605 – 1649 | James 3rd Earl c. 1605 – 1649 | Elizabeth Wentworth | Elizabeth Wentworth | Elizabeth Wentworth | Elizabeth Wentworth | Elizabeth Wentworth | Elizabeth Wentworth | Carey 5th Earl 1627–1689 | Carey 5th Earl 1627–1689 | Carey 5th Earl 1627–1689 | Carey 5th Earl 1627–1689 | Carey 5th Earl 1627–1689 | Carey 5th Earl 1627–1689 | Katherine Werden | Katherine Werden | Katherine Werden | Katherine Werden | Katherine Werden | Katherine Werden |
| Frances Boyle | Frances Boyle | Frances Boyle | Frances Boyle | Frances Boyle | Frances Boyle | Wentworth 4th Earl 1637–1685 | Wentworth 4th Earl 1637–1685 | Wentworth 4th Earl 1637–1685 | Wentworth 4th Earl 1637–1685 | Wentworth 4th Earl 1637–1685 | Wentworth 4th Earl 1637–1685 | Isabella Boynton; | Isabella Boynton; | Isabella Boynton; | Isabella Boynton; | Isabella Boynton; | Isabella Boynton; | Robert 6th Earl d. 1715 | Robert 6th Earl d. 1715 | Robert 6th Earl d. 1715 | Robert 6th Earl d. 1715 | Robert 6th Earl d. 1715 | Robert 6th Earl d. 1715 |
| | | | | | | Robert 7th Earl d. 1721 | Robert 7th Earl d. 1721 | Robert 7th Earl d. 1721 | Robert 7th Earl d. 1721 | Robert 7th Earl d. 1721 | Robert 7th Earl d. 1721 | Angel Ingoldsby; | Angel Ingoldsby; | Angel Ingoldsby; | Angel Ingoldsby; | Angel Ingoldsby; | Angel Ingoldsby; | James 8th Earl d. 1746 unmarried | James 8th Earl d. 1746 unmarried | James 8th Earl d. 1746 unmarried | James 8th Earl d. 1746 unmarried | James 8th Earl d. 1746 unmarried | James 8th Earl d. 1746 unmarried |
| XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | Subject of the article | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Earls of Roscommon | Earls of Roscommon | Earls of Roscommon | Earls of Roscommon | Earls of Roscommon | Earls of Roscommon |

## Birth and origin

James was born about 1605 in Ireland, the eldest son of Robert Dillon and his first wife Margaret Barry. His father was the second Earl of Roscommon. His family was Old English and descended from Sir Henry Dillon who came to Ireland with Prince John in 1185. His family held substantial lands in Meath, Westmeath, Longford and Roscommon.
James's mother was a daughter of David de Barry, 5th Viscount Buttevant. Her family, the de Barry family is another Old English family. Her ancestor John Barry was created Viscount Buttevant by Richard II in 1385.
James was one of five brothers including two half-brothers, who are all listed in his father's article.

## Early life

His father's family was traditionally Roman Catholic, which is why his father, despite his record of loyalty to the Crown, was never fully trusted by King Charles I of England. James, however, was converted to the Church of Ireland by James Ussher, Archbishop of Armagh.
On 24 January 1620 his grandfather was raised to the peerage with the title of Baron Dillon of Kilkenny-West, in the Peerage of Ireland. in a ceremony performed by the Lord Deputy Oliver St. John in the Presence Chamber of Dublin Castle on 25 January.
On 5 August 1622 James's grandfather was further honoured by being created Earl of Roscommon. In consequence of this advancement, Robert, the heir apparent, James's father, was styled Lord Kilkenny-West, as a courtesy title from 1622 to 1641.

## Marriage and children

In late September or early October 1636 James Dillon married Elizabeth Wentworth, daughter of Sir William Wentworth and Anne Atkins at Lowton Hall, Essex. She was a sister of Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, the formidable and (for a while), all-powerful Lord Deputy of Ireland. James's father was a staunch supporter and a personal friend of Strafford, and the marriage was clearly intended to strengthen English rule in Ireland through family alliances between leading English and Anglo-Irish families.
James and Elizabeth had a son:
* Wentworth (1637–1685), 4th Earl and a poet of renown.

## Parliament

Dillon was knighted before or in 1639 and thus became Sir James Dillon. The same year he stood as MP, or "knight of the shire" as county MPs were then still called, for County Longford in the Parliament of 1640–1649, the second of Charles I. Sir James was elected as one of the two members for County Longford on 28 February 1640.
Parliament met on 16 March 1640. In its first session the parliament unanimously voted for four subsidies of £45,000 to raise an Irish army of 9,000 for use by the king against the Scots in the Bishops' Wars. Dillon must have voted in favour. On 31 March 1640 Wentworth prorogued parliament until the first week of June.
On 3 April 1640, Strafford (i.e. Wentworth) left Ireland, called to England by the king to help him manage the Bishops war against the Scots. Strafford appointed Christopher Wandesford as Lord Deputy to govern Ireland in his absence. Wandesford opened the second parliamentary session on 1 June 1640. News from England was the Short Parliament had refused subsidies to the king. The Irish MPs regretted having agreed to subsidies and wanted to sabotage their own action by making the subsidies difficult to evaluate and to collect. After two weeks of inconclusive discussions, Wandesford prorogued parliament on 17 June.
Parliament reconvened for the third session on 1 October. The House of Commons formed a committee for grievances that compiled a remonstrance (complaint) against Strafford. The remonstrance was then approved by the House of Commons. Sir James must have voted against it in order to support Strafford. Wandesford prorogued parliament on 12 November, a day after Strafford's impeachment in Westminster by the Long Parliament.
Parliament met again on 26 January 1641. Lord Deputy Wandesford had died on 3 December 1640 and the Irish government had devolved to the Lords Justice, Parsons and Borlase.
Table of sessions: Parliament 1640–1649 :
| Sir James only attended the first five sessions of this parliament as an MP. ||||
| Session | Start | End | Remark |
| 1st | 16 Mar 1640 | 31 Mar 1640 | Voted 4 subsidies |
| 2nd | 1 Jun 1640 | 17 Jun 1640 | Trying to change how the subsidies would be evaluated and collected |
| 3rd | 1 Oct 1640 | 12 Nov 1640 | Remonstrance voted |
| 4th | 26 Jan 1641 | 6 Mar 1641 | Impeachment of Strafford and Radcliffe |
| 5th | 11 May 1641 | 7 Aug 1641 | |
| 6th | 9 Nov 1641 | 9 Nov 1641 | Adjourned on the same day |
| 6th | 16 Nov 1641 | 17 Nov 1641 | Voted a protest against the rising |
| 7th | 11 Jan 1642 | | |
| 8th | 1 Aug 1642 | | |
| 9th | | 14 Dec 1642 |
| 10th | 20 Apr 1643 | | |

## Earl of Roscommon

In March 1641 James's grandfather died and his father succeeded as the second earl. His tenure was, however, a short one as he died on 27 August 1642 in Oxmantown, a residential quarter in Dublin's Northside. James succeeded as the 3rd Earl of Roscommon. He had to abandon his seat in the lower house and gained a seat in the House of Lords, which he took on the 17 November 1642.
Roscommon was in Dublin in July 1647 when Ormond handed the town over to the English Parliament and was given as a hostage to the English Parliament by Ormond. Roscommon returned to Ireland with Ormond sailing on a man-of-war sent by William II, Prince of Orange to Le Havre to carry them to Cork where they arrived on 29 September 1648.

## Death and timeline

He died at Limerick in October 1649, at the house of the Anglican Bishop Bramhall, of an accidental fall down a flight of stairs. According to legend, his son, then in exile at Caen, knew of his death at the moment it happened, although the official news did not reach him until two weeks later.
Timeline :
| Age | Date | Event |
| 0 | 1605, about | Born. |
| 14–15 | 1620, 24 Jan | Grandfather created Baron of Kilkenny-West. |
| 16–17 | 1622, 5 Aug | Grandfather created Earl of Roscommon. |
| 19–20 | 1625, 27 Mar | Accession of King Charles I, succeeding King James I |
| 26–27 | 1632, 12 Jan | Thomas Wentworth, later Earl of Strafford, appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland |
| 30–31 | 1636, Sep or Oct | Married Elizabeth Wentworth. |
| 33–34 | 1639, 28 Feb | Returned as MP for County Longford. |
| 34–35 | 1640, 16 Mar | Parliament opened |
| 34–35 | 1640, Dec | Father appointed as one of the Lord Justices of Ireland. |
| 35–36 | 1641, 12 May | Strafford beheaded |
| 35–36 | 1641, Mar | Grandfather died and his father succeeded as 2nd Earl. |
| 35–36 | 1641, 23 Oct | Outbreak of the Rebellion |
| 36–37 | 1642, 27 Aug | Father died in Oxmantown, Dublin and he succeeded as the 3rd Earl of Roscommon. |
| 36–37 | 1642, 17 Nov | Took his seat in the Irish House of Lords |
| 41–42 | 1647, 19 Jun | Given as hostage to the English Parliament by Ormond |
| 43–44 | 1649, 30 Jan | King Charles I beheaded. |
| 43–44 | 1649, Oct | Died in Limerick. |