OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cuba–Vanuatu relations

Relations between Vanuatu and Cuba began shortly after the former gained its independence from France and the United Kingdom in 1980, and began establishing its own foreign policy as a newly independent state. Vanuatu and Cuba established official diplomatic relations in 1983.

## History

Early Cuban-Vanuatu relations must be considered within the scope of Vanuatu's resolutely independent foreign policy. Rejecting alignment with the Western bloc during the late stages of the Cold War, Vanuatu joined the Non-Aligned Movement in 1983, and established diplomatic relations both with the Soviet Union and (a few months later) with the United States in 1986.
In 1984, a Cuban diplomatic delegation visited Vanuatu, and E. Huffer suggests that this visit was instrumental in prompting the Asian Development Bank and ESCAP to open offices in Port-Vila shortly thereafter, "partly in an attempt to favour the integration of Vanuatu into the Western capitalist camp".
Vanuatu was the birthplace of Melanesian socialism, a doctrine promoted by Prime Minister Father Walter Lini, combining socialism, Christianity and traditional Melanesian values, which gave Vanuatu and Cuba some degree of common ideological ground - although Melanesian socialism may be seen as closer to Christian communism than to Marxism. In 1983, however, ni-Vanuatu Foreign Minister Sela Molisa stated that Vanuatu's joining the Non-Aligned Movement was born of a wish for neutrality, and that "the ni-Vanuatu government and the Vanua'aku Pati do not adhere to any ideology".
Lini lost office in 1991, and, under his successor Maxime Carlot Korman, his country's policy of engaging with countries viewed with suspicion by the West -notably Cuba, Libya and the Soviet Union- was allowed to fade.
More recently, in the 2000s, quasi-dormant relations between the two countries have been revived, in the context of Cuba's regional engagement in the Pacific. Cuba currently provides medical aid to Vanuatu and other countries in Oceania. As of September 2008, seventeen ni-Vanuatu are studying medicine in Cuba, with their expenses paid for by the Cuban government, and Cuban doctors are serving in Vanuatu. A representative of Vanuatu attended a multilateral Cuba-Pacific ministerial meeting in Havana in September 2008, where attendees discussed "strengthening co-operation in health, sports and education", and where Cuban authorities pledged to assist Pacific countries in coping with the effects of climate change.
# Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs

The Gardiner Chair of Oceanic History and Affairs was established at Harvard University in 1948.
The chair is named in honor of William Howard Gardiner (died, New York City, 21 June 1952), a publicist and advocate of the importance of sea power, who had been President of the United States Navy League from 1928 to 1933. In this position, Gardiner played an important role in ending the policy of Herbert Hoover's administration for a "holiday" in naval construction. During World War II, Gardiner served as a consultant to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and to the State Department on global policy.
In 1918, Gardiner married Mary Ruth McBurney, who shared her husband's interest in naval affairs. On her death in 1947, she left more than $250,000 to Harvard University to endow the Gardiner Chair in Oceanic History and Affairs. In her will, she specified that the endowment was to be used for the study and teaching of the geography and history of the sea and of the ships that sail on or above it, "particularly as they have affected or may affect the security and progress of the United States in view of the mid-oceanic and insular position of North America relative to other lands."

## List of the Gardiner Professors of Oceanic History

* 1948-1965 Robert G. Albion
* 1965-1982 J. H. Parry
* 1982-2001 in abeyance
* 2001–present Sugata Bose
# Earendel

Earendel may refer to:
* Ēarendel, an Anglo-Saxon mythological figure, the Morning Star, or Rising Star, or Dawn
* Eärendel, original spelling of Eärendil, a fictional character from J.R.R. Tolkien's Legendarium
* Earendel (star), a star, announced as the most distant then known individual star in 2022
* "Earendel" (song), a 2015 song by 'Sirenia' off the album The Seventh Life Path
# 1873 English cricket season

1873 was the 87th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). In only their fourth season as a first-class team, Gloucestershire was proclaimed joint Champion County by the media and went on to claim the still unofficial title four times in five seasons (1873, 1874, 1876 and 1877).
Player qualification rules came into force, with players having to decide at the start of a season whether they would play for the county of their birth or the county of residence. Before this, it was quite common for a player to play for two counties during the course of a single season, with by far the best-known case being star slow bowler James Southerton who played for his birth county Sussex when they had a match on and otherwise for Surrey. It is only since the residence qualifications were introduced that any quasi-official status can be ascribed to the oft-claimed Champion County title.

## Champion County

* Gloucestershire, Nottinghamshire (shared)

### Playing record (by county)

| County | Played | Won | Lost | Drawn |
| Derbyshire | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Gloucestershire | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
| Kent | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| Lancashire | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| Middlesex | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Nottinghamshire | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Surrey | 14 | 2 | 10 | 2 |
| Sussex | 10 | 2 | 6 | 2 |
| Yorkshire | 12 | 7 | 4 | 1 |

## Leading batsmen (qualification 15 innings)

1873 English season leading batsmen :
| Name | Team | Matches | Innings | Not outs | Runs | Highest score | Average | 100s | 50s |
| WG Grace | Gloucestershire MCC | 20 | 32 | 7 | 1805 | 192 not out | 72.20 | 6 | 8 |
| Isaac Walker | MCC Middlesex | 11 | 20 | 3 | 587 | 64 | 34.52 | 0 | 2 |
| Fred Grace | Gloucestershire | 15 | 22 | 3 | 593 | 165 not out | 31.21 | 1 | 3 |
| William Oscroft | Nottinghamshire | 17 | 30 | 1 | 758 | 96 | 26.13 | 0 | 5 |
| Harry Jupp | Surrey | 24 | 45 | 3 | 1052 | 94 | 25.04 | 0 | 8 |

## Leading bowlers (qualification 800 balls)

1873 English season leading bowlers :
| Name | Team | Balls bowled | Runs conceded | Wickets taken | Average | Best bowling | 5 wickets in innings | 10 wickets in match |
| William McIntyre | Lancashire | 1517 | 528 | 63 | 8.38 | 7/37 | 7 | 4 |
| Alec Watson | Lancashire | 1119 | 445 | 48 | 9.27 | 6/38 | 5 | 1 |
| Arnold Rylott | MCC | 1772 | 664 | 69 | 9.62 | 9/30 | 6 | 4 |
| Fred Morley | Nottinghamshire | 1235 | 375 | 35 | 10.71 | 6/62 | 3 | 1 |
| John Maude | MCC Oxford University | 844 | 255 | 23 | 11.08 | 6/14 | 2 | 0 |
# Acrocercops parallela

Acrocercops parallela is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Queensland, Australia.
# 120 Days (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | (7.6/10) |
120 Days is the first studio album by 120 Days, released on 10 October 2006 on the Smalltown Supersound label.
The album reached 8th on the VG-lista chart, and netted a Spellemannsprisen award to 120 Days for best rock album of the year. 65 Norwegian music critics voted 120 Days album of the year, ahead of Tom Waits' Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards and Joanna Newsom's Ys.

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 2006 | VG-lista | 8 |
# Barbed brotula

The barbed brotula (Selachophidium guentheri) is a species of cusk-eel found in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans off of the southern coast of Africa where it is found at depths of from 200 to 980 metres (660 to 3,220 ft). This species grows to a length of 30 centimetres (12 in) TL. This species is one of two member of its genus, the other being Selachophidium americanum. The barbed brotula has been found to have an ossified swelling of bone in the back of the skull that is connected to the pectoral girdle, vertebral column, and gas bladder via soft tissue.
# Governor's house in Medan

The old Governor's house in Medan is a historic mansion that was used by the resident during the Dutch East Indies and remains an example of colonial architecture in Medan, East Sumatra, Indonesia.
The building is currently used as the Medan branch office of the Standard Chartered Bank and is within the grounds of Hotel Danau Toba.
# Crăciun (river)

The Crăciun is a right tributary of the river Drăgan in Romania. It flows into the Drăgan upstream from the Drăgan-Floroiu Reservoir. Its length is 10 km (6.2 mi) and its basin size is 30 km$^2$ (12 sq mi).
# 2019 Marvellous 12

The 2019 Marvellous 12 (Chinese: 2019地表最强12人直通赛) was a qualifying event organized by the Chinese Table Tennis Association, Tencent Sports and Shenzhen Municipal Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau. It will be held in Shenzhen, China from 28 February to 3 March, 2019. It was the second edition of the tournament, and the second time that it have been held in Shenzhen. Winners and runners-up of the men's and women's singles event, namely Fan Zhendong, Liang Jingkun, Chen Meng, and Sun Yingsha, was each guaranteed a spot to represent China in the 2019 World Table Tennis Championships.

## Format and participants

Six top ranked men and women players in China automatically qualify to the events. Six additional players to each event were decided in a closed competition held from 12 to 17 February. Twelve players in each event compete in a Round-Robin format. The winners of each event qualify to the single's event of the World Championships, while the runners-up are each guaranteed a spot in the team's final squad.

### Men's singles

* Ma Long (withdrew due to injury)
* Fan Zhendong
* Xu Xin
* Wang Chuqin
* Lin Gaoyuan
* Liang Jingkun
* Fang Bo
* Xu Chenhao
* Zhou Kai
* Zhao Zihao
* Yu Ziyang
* Xue Fei
* Yan An (replaced Ma Long)

### Women's singles

* Ding Ning
* Liu Shiwen
* Zhu Yuling
* Chen Meng
* Wang Manyu
* Wu Yang
* Gu Yuting
* Sun Yingsha
* Wang Yidi
* Sun Mingyang
* He Zhuojia
* Chen Xingtong

## Events
### Men's singles

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | GW | GL | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Fan Zhendong | 11 | 11 | 0 | 33 | 11 | 22 | 2019 World Championships |
| 2 | Liang Jingkun | 11 | 8 | 3 | 28 | 18 | 19 | 2019 World Championships |
| 3 | Xue Fei | 11 | 6 | 5 | 25 | 23 | 17 | |
| 4 | Lin Gaoyuan | 11 | 5 | 6 | 26 | 25 | 16 | |
| 5 | Xu Xin | 11 | 5 | 6 | 21 | 20 | 16 | |
| 6 | Yu Ziyang | 11 | 5 | 6 | 20 | 23 | 16 | |
| 7 | Fang Bo | 11 | 5 | 6 | 21 | 24 | 16 | |
| 8 | Yan An | 11 | 5 | 6 | 21 | 24 | 16 | |
| 9 | Zhou Kai | 11 | 5 | 6 | 18 | 25 | 16 | |
| 10 | Wang Chuqin | 11 | 4 | 7 | 17 | 23 | 15 | |
| 11 | Xu Chenhao | 11 | 4 | 7 | 20 | 27 | 15 | |
| 12 | Zhao Zihao | 11 | 3 | 8 | 19 | 26 | 14 | |

### Women's singles

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | GW | GL | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Chen Meng | 11 | 10 | 1 | 32 | 13 | 21 | 2019 World Championships |
| 2 | Sun Yingsha | 11 | 8 | 3 | 29 | 18 | 19 | 2019 World Championships |
| 3 | Ding Ning | 11 | 8 | 3 | 28 | 18 | 19 |
| 4 | Wang Manyu | 11 | 7 | 4 | 28 | 20 | 18 | |
| 5 | Liu Shiwen | 11 | 6 | 5 | 23 | 20 | 17 | |
| 6 | Zhu Yuling | 11 | 6 | 5 | 24 | 22 | 17 | |
| 7 | Wang Yidi | 11 | 6 | 5 | 22 | 23 | 17 | |
| 8 | Chen Xingtong | 11 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 24 | 16 | |
| 9 | Wu Yang | 11 | 4 | 7 | 17 | 23 | 15 | |
| 10 | Sun Mingyang | 11 | 4 | 7 | 17 | 25 | 15 | |
| 11 | Gu Yuting | 11 | 1 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 12 | |
| 12 | He Zhuojia | 11 | 1 | 10 | 9 | 32 | 12 | |
# Andrew Beck

Andrew Beck may refer to:
* Andrew Beck (American football) (born 1996), American football tight end and fullback
* Andrew Beck (musician) (born 1986), American artist and musician
* Andrzej Beck (1926–2011), Polish-American engineer and businessman, also known as Andrew J. Beck
# Nicaragua National Institute of Information Development

The National Institute of Information Development of Nicaragua; (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Información de Desarollo de Nicaragua (INIDE)), is responsible for completing censuses and surveys. The 8th population and the 4th dwellings census was carried out in 2005.

## History

INEC was established as Dirección General de Estadística in 1905. The organization faced financial troubles in the beginning and closed several times through 1939. When the Sandinistas won the Revolution, the statistical office was renamed to INIDE. INIDE conducted its first census in 2005, and is expected to continue every ten years.

## Censuses in Nicaragua

* 1906. First Population Census.
* 1920. Second Population Census.
* 1940. Third Population Census.
* 1950. Fourth Population Census.
* 1963. Fifth Population Census.
* 1971. Sixth Population Census.
* 1995. Seventh Population Census.
* 2005. Eighth Population Census.
# Morchella herediana

Morchella herediana is a species of ascomycete fungus in the family Morchellaceae. Described as new to science in 1971 by Luis Diego Gómez, it is found in Costa Rica.
# 12th Golden Laurel Awards

The 12th Golden Laurel Awards (also known as 2001 Golden Laurel Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2000, were held at The Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 3, 2001. The nominees were announced on January 10, 2001.

## Winners and nominees
### Film

Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures :
* Gladiator – Branko Lustig and Douglas Wick
* Almost Famous
* Billy Elliot
* Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
* Erin Brockovich |

### Television

Norman Felton Award for Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Drama :
* The West Wing
* ER
* Law & Order
* Oz
* The Practice |
* Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Comedy |
* Sex and the City
* Ally McBeal
* Frasier
* Friends
* Will & Grace |
* David L. Wolper Award for Outstanding Producer of Long-Form Television |
* Death of a Salesman
* Fail Safe
* If These Walls Could Talk 2
* Nuremberg
* Walking with Dinosaurs |

### David O. Selznick Lifetime Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures

* Brian Grazer

### David Susskind Lifetime Achievement Award in Television

* David E. Kelley

### Milestone Award

* Kirk Douglas

### New Media Award

* Bruce Leak

### New Technology Award

* Sidney Lumet

### Nova Award for Most Promising Producer

* Theatrical Motion Pictures: Greg Brenman and Jonathan Finn for Billy Elliot
* Television: Linwood Boomer for Malcolm in the Middle

### PGA Hall of Fame

* Theatrical Motion Pictures: It Happened One Night and Lawrence of Arabia
* Television: The Andy Griffith Show and The Honeymooners

### Vision Award

* Theatrical Motion Pictures: Fantasia 2000
* Television: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
# John Bery

John Bery was an Oxford college head in the 16th-century.
Bery was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, graduating B.A. in 1523 and M.A. in 1526. He was appointed a Fellow of Exeter in 1526; and was Rector from 1534 to 1536. A priest, he held the living at Exmouth until his death in 1558.
* History
* Education
* England
* Christianity
# HMCS Charlottetown (1941)

HMCS Charlottetown was a Flower-class corvette that served the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. Charlottetown's pennant number K244 is unique in that it was also used for HMCS Charlottetown, a River-class frigate.

## Background

Flower-class corvettes like Charlottetown serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes. The "corvette" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877. During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design. The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.
Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them. This idea was put forth by Admiral Percy W. Nelles. Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named. Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear. Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified for better performance on open seas.

## Construction

Charlottetown was laid down at Kingston Shipbuilding Ltd., Kingston on 7 June 1941 and launched on 10 September of that year. She was commissioned into the RCN at Quebec City on 13 December and arrived at her homeport of Halifax, Nova Scotia on 18 December 1941.

## Atlantic service

Charlottetown served with the Western Local Escort Force (WLEF) until mid-July 1942 when she was transferred to the Gulf Escort Force (GEF), serving in what is now referred to as the Battle of the St. Lawrence. She escorted Quebec City - Sydney convoys until her sinking.

### Sinking

Charlottetown was torpedoed and sunk on 11 September 1942 by the U-517 6 nautical miles (11 km) off Cap Chat in the St. Lawrence River along the northern shore of the Gaspé Peninsula. She had been returning to base with the minesweeper HMCS Clayoquot after escorting convoy SQ-35 and was not zigzagging. She was struck aft by two torpedoes. She went down fast and though most of her crew got off the ship, some died in the water when her depth charges went off as she sank. Her captain, Lieutenant Commander John W. Bonner, RCNR and 8 other crew were killed out of her crew of 64. The survivors were picked up by Clayoquot.
# Crăciunești

Crăciunești (Hungarian: Nyárádkarácson; Hungarian pronunciation:) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of eight villages: Budiu Mic (Hagymásbodon), Ciba (Csiba), Cinta (Fintaháza), Cornești (Somosd), Crăciunești, Foi (Folyfalva), Nicolești (Káposztásszentmiklós) and Tirimioara (Kisteremi). Ciba, Foi and Nicolești were established in 2006.
# Gaura Lakhmi

Gaura Lakhmi is a village in Jagatpur block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it has a population of 929 people, in 159 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.
The 1961 census recorded Gaura Lakhmi (as "Gaura Lakhami") as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 329 people (171 male and 158 female), in 66 households and 64 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 443 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Gaura Lakhmi (as "Gaura Lakhami") as having a population of 550 people, in 99 households, and having an area of 179.27 hectares (443.0 acres). The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.
# List of islands of Syria

Syria is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. The geography of Syria includes fertile plains, high mountains, and deserts.

## Sea islands

There are exactly five ocean islands belonging to Syria. They are all close to the Mediterranean Sea coast in the region of Tartus:
* Jazirat Basirah: about 4,500 m$^2$, it is located 770 metres from Syria beach. 34°58′59″N 35°52′10″E﻿ / ﻿34.98306°N 35.86944°E﻿ / 34.98306; 35.86944
* Arwad, largest island of Syria, and only inhabited one.
* Al-Abbas: in the south Arwad Island, about 13.000 m$^2$, it is located 3.49 kilometres from Arwad and 2,77 kilometres from Syria beach. 34°49′23″N 35°52′22″E﻿ / ﻿34.82306°N 35.87278°E﻿ / 34.82306; 35.87278
* Maqrud: rock island, about 3.000 m$^2$, it is located 3.47 kilometres from Syria beach. 34°46′58″N 35°53′10″E﻿ / ﻿34.78278°N 35.88611°E﻿ / 34.78278; 35.88611
* Al-Faris: rock island, 2.000 m$^2$, it is located 3.3 kilometres from Syria beach. 34°47′39″N 35°52′56″E﻿ / ﻿34.79417°N 35.88222°E﻿ / 34.79417; 35.88222
** Al-Faniyas: small rock island, near Abu al Faris island at northwest, ~ 100 m$^2$.
Note: List of island from North to South.

## Inland islands

* Qal'at Ja'bar: a castle on a hill-top which became an island with the formation of Lake Assad in 1974.
* Jazirat al-Thawra: The Island of the Revolution is a designated nature reserve in Lake Assad.
# Acetyl cyanide

Acetyl cyanide is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CN. It is an acyl cyanide. Acetyl cyanide is a colorless liquid.

## Structure

Its structure was determined through the use of electron diffraction intensities and rotational spectroscopy.

## Reactions

Two main types of reactions can occur with acetyl cyanide as a reactant; aldol condensation and enolate substitution. Aldol condensation can occur when acetyl cyanide reacts with (Z)-but-2-enal to form (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoyl cyanide:
The photochemical and thermal reactions of acetyl cyanide have been extensively studied. For example, formyl cyanide does not undergo unimolecular decomposition to HCN and CO spontaneously. However, acetyl cyanide, also a member of this family, breaks down through this unimolecular decomposition at 470 °C. This reaction occurs through decarbonylation. This division of the molecule to a ketone and hydrogen cyanide were noted to be under competitive circumstances. This caused a study of the thermal unimolecular reactions that acetyl cyanide undergoes.
The unimolecular decompositions that acetyl cyanide undergo have been confirmed to be less energetically favorable than the molecule undergoing isomerization to acetyl isocyanide. However, through other photolysis experiments have resulted in the formation of a CN radical through acetyl cyanide decomposing into CH$_3$CO + CN or CH$_3$COCN.

### Synthesis

Acetyl cyanide is prepared from acetyl chloride and cyanide sources, often in the presence of copper catalysts. Acetyl cyanide is also synthesized at 350 °C from ketene and hydrogen cyanide.
# List of districts in the Tigray Region

This is a list of the 35 rural woredas, or districts, in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, as they existed until 2020. The list is compiled from material of the Central Statistical Agency website. There are also urban woredas, which are not included.
Between 2018 and 2020, as part of a reform aimed to deepen and strengthen decentralisation, woredas were reorganised, and new boundaries established. As smaller towns had been growing, they had started providing a larger range of services, such as markets and even banks, that encouraged locals to travel there rather than to their formal woreda centre. However, these locals still had to travel to their local woreda centre for most local government services - often in a different direction. In 2018 and 2019, after multiple village discussions that were often vigorous in the more remote areas, 21 independent urban administrations were added and other boundaries re-drawn, resulting in an increase from 35 to 88 woredas in January 2020.
# Oyebanjo

Oyebanjo is the name of several people:
* D'banj (born 1980), Nigerian musician
* Lanre Oyebanjo (born 1990), footballer
# Don't Gotta Work It Out

"Don't Gotta Work It Out" is a song by American band Fitz and the Tantrums from their debut studio album Pickin' Up the Pieces, released on September 23, 2011.

## Music video

The song's music video debuted on VH1 on September 20, 2011. The music video, which was directed by Charles Haine and produced by Chris Uettwiller via Dirty Robber, was shot at night on location in Bakersfield, California.

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| US Adult Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 23 |
| US Adult Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 34 |
# Crăciunescu

Crăciunescu is a surname of Romanian origin. People with that name include:
* Florența Crăciunescu (1955-2008), Romanian athlete (discus and shot put) who competed in the 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics
* Ion Crăciunescu (born 1950), Romanian former football referee
* Ioana Crăciunescu (born 1950), Romanian actress and poet