# Zimbabwe National Roads Administration

The Zimbabwe National Roads Administration (ZINARA) is a Zimbabwean parastatal responsible for the management, maintenance and development of Zimbabwe's national road network.

## Background

The Zimbabwe National Road Administration (ZINARA) falls under the Ministry of Transport, Communication and Infrastructural Development and was established in August 2001, in terms of the Roads Act of 2001 with the aim of enhancing road network system throughout the Zimbabwe.
ZINARA's vision and mission is to become a world class road manager, providing secure, stable and adequate reservoir of funds, to fund effectively maintenance of the national road network through fixing, collection, disbursement and monitoring of funds usage for preservation, enhancement and sustainable development.

## Governance

ZINARA is run under the Ministry of Transport, Communication and Infrastructural Development
ZINARA consists of a part-time Board of Directors which serves for a three-year period, and a full-time CEO. It has 12 board members and 7 senior managers in 7 departments.

### Board Members

ZINARA Board Members as of Monday, 8 October 2019 were 12 members:
* The Board Chairman
* The Vice - Board Chairman
* The 10 Board Members

### Executive team

The ZINARA Executive team as on Monday, 28 October 2019 were as follows:
* Mr. Nkosinathi Ncube (CEO)
* Mr. G. Moyo (Director: Administration)
* Mrs. V. Muzite (Company Secretary)

## Road Authorities

The Zimbabwe National Roads Administration (ZINARA) is responsible for managing the Road Fund and disbursing the local road authorities. The local road authorities are:
* The Department of Roads in the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Development which is responsible for trunk roads.
* The Urban Councils responsible for urban roads.
* The Rural District Councils (RDC) and the District Development Fund (DDF) which are responsible rural roads.

## Road Network

The road network excluding urban roads totals 76,241 km of which 9,256 km or 12.1% are bitumen surfaced.
Road Network Thursday, 1 November 2012 10:31 Most of these roads are more than 30 years and therefore requires complete rehabilitation works. ZINARA has in the past 9 years been able to fund the routine and periodic maintenance countrywide.

### Road Categories

Classified roads fall under three categories.
1. Regional Trunk Road Network (RTRN): Roads linking countries within southern African region.
2. Secondary Roads: Those roads that connect regional, primary, tertiary and urban roads, industrial and mining centers, tourist attractions and minor border posts are the secondary roads.
3. Tertiary Roads: Those roads which provide access to schools, health centers, dip tanks and other service facilities within a rural district council area or connect and provide access to secondary, primary and regional roads.
Total Road Network in Zimbabwe is 87,654 km which include the paved or unpaved, the urban, rural and state roads.
* State Highways 18,460 km
* Urban Roads 8,194 km
* Rural Roads 61,000 km

## Road Names

Road and Route numbers in Zimbabwe may differ depending on the route concerned.
Previously, national routes were denoted with the letter "A" followed by a number indicating the specific route. Today the "A" numbers are just Map Reference Numbers known by not much of the populace. (The term "national road" is frequently used to refer to a national route, but technically a "national road" is any road overseen by the ZINARA. A national road need not necessarily form part of a national route. )
Today primary roads on Zimbabwe are denoted with the letter "P" followed by a number indicating the specific route. Primary roads which are regional road corridors are denoted with the letter "R" followed by a number indicating the internal regional road corridor.
Unlike in South Africa where routes are clearly numbered and labeled as such, most roads in Zimbabwe are publicly known by their common names or destinations.

## Zimbabwe “A” Highways (1975)

SOURCES: [Automobile Association Map 1975]
[Map 9.2 Road Transport Network of Zimbabwe.]
| List Number | Map Section Number | Trunk Road Number | Common Name |
| 1 | A1 | R3 | Harare-Chirundu Highway |
| 2 | A2 | R4 | Harare-Nyamapanda Highway |
| 3 | A3 | R5 | Harare-Mutare Highway |
| 4 | A4 | R1 | Harare-Beitbridge Highway |
| 5 | A5 | R2 | Harare-Bulawayo Highway |
| 6 | A6 | R9 | Beitbridge-Gwanda Highway |
| 7 | A7 | R2 | Bulawayo Plumtree Highway |
| 8 | A8 | R9 | Victoria Falls Highway |
| 9 | A9 | P4 | Mutare-Masvingo Highway |
| 10 | A10 | P5 | Ngundu-Tanganda Road |
| 11 | A11 | P1 | Harare-Mt Darwin Highway |
| 12 | A12 | - | Mazowe=Centenary Highway |
| 13 | A13 | - | Harare-Shamva Highway |
| 14 | A14 | - | Rusape-Juliusdale Highway |
| 15 | A15 | - | Mutare-Nyanga Highway |
| 16 | A16 | - | Birchenough Bridge-Chipinga Highway |
| 17 | A17 | R7 | Gweru-Mvuma Highway |
| 18 | A18 | - | Gweru-Shurugwi |
| 19 | M15 Highway | P12 | Makuti-Kariba Highway |

### Primary Roads (Ordinary)

Source: [Map 9.2 Road Transport Network of Zimbabwe.]
| Road | Alias | Common Name | Remarks |
| P1 | - | Harare-Mt Darwin-Mukumbura Road | The map is not clear on whether P1 is Mt Darwin-Mukumbura Road or Harare-Mukumbura Road via Mt Darwin. |
| P2 | - | - | - |
| P3 | Marondera-Murehwa Road | Macheke-Juru Road | |
| P4 | A9 | Mutare-Masvingo Road | A9 is a combination of this P4 and P7 to form the Mutare-Mbalabala Highway |
| P5 | A10 | Ngundu Tanganda Road | A10 runs from Ngundu via Triangle to A9 well past Tanganda. |
| P6 | - | - | - |
| P7 | A9 | Masvingo-Mbalabala Road | A9 is a combination of this P7 and P4 to the Mutare-Mbalabala Highway |
| P8 | Luveve-Nkayi Road | Kwekwe Nkayi Road | Luveve is where P8 branches off from the P11 popularly called Kwekwe-Gokwe Highway |
| P9 | - | Nkayi-Lupane Road | P9 is a continuition of P8 to form the Kwekwe-Lupane Road. |
| P10 | - | Lupane loop road | P10 branches off from the A8 and runs pararell to it connecting Lupane Centre to the Bulawayo-Victoria Falls Highway |
| P11 | R847 Highway | Kwekwe-Gokwe Highway | This road eventually reaches Binga however not wholly paved |
| P12 | M15 Highway | Makuti-Kariba Highway | M15 Highway is an international road that crosses the Zambezi River over the Kariba Dam |
| P13 | - | Chegutu-Chinhoyi Highway | The P13 links the A1 and the A5 to short cut the Chirundu-Bulawayo route. |
| P14 | - | Victoria Falls-Kazungula Road | This is the shortest route from Zambia to Botswana |

### Regional Road Corridors

Source: [Map 9.2 Road Transport Network of Zimbabwe.]
| Road | Alias | Common Name | Remarks |
| R1 | A4 | Harare-Beitbridge Highway | |
| R2 | A5 & A7 | Harare-Plumtree Highway | Two roads forming 1 route |
| R3 | A1 | Harare-Chirundu Highway | |
| R4 | A2 | Harare-Nyamapanda Highway | |
| R5 | A3 | Harare-Mutare Highway | |
| R6 | - | Chivhu-Nyazura Highway | |
| R7 | A17 | Gweru-Mvura Highway | |
| R8 | - | Rutenga-Sango Road | Unpaved |
| R9 | A6 & A8 | Victoria Falls-Beitbridge Highway | Two roads forming 1 route |

### SADC Regional Trunk Road Network

Zimbabwe being a member state of SADC, ZINARA works in conjunction with other regional road authorities and it does its part on regional road corridors passing through Zimbabwe.
Regional Trunk Roads Network in Zimbabwe in proportion of total regional trunk roads are as follows:
* Reference Roads: 1 600 km (Regional total 29 300 km)
* Intermediate Roads: 1 000 km (Regional total 11 600 km)
* Branch, Link and Connecting Roads: 1 100 km (Regional total 21 700 km)
* Total 3 700 km (Regional total 62 600 km)
* Regional Percentage: 6% (Regional total 100%)
So ZINARA does only 6% of regional trunk roads.
(Source: Revised RIDMP Draft -Annexure 5.6 – Roads.)

#### SADC Numbered Roads

The regional organization, Southern African Development Community has its own numbered routes which usually are a combination of multiple roads across one or more member countries.
The Southern African Development Community Regional Trunk Road Network (SADC-RTRN) is a system of numbered road corridors in Southern Africa. The most important part of the network is the reference roads, which are major trans-regional routes.

## Operations

ZINARA’s core business, in consultations with the minister of transport, communication and infrastructural development is fixing road user charges and collect such charges or any other revenue of the road fund.
The Zimbabwe National Roads Administration (ZINARA)
* Fixes the levels of road user charges (RUC).
* Collects RUC as well as other revenue of the Road Fund.
* Sets maintenance, design, construction and technical standards.
* Monitors adherence to such standards by Road Authorities.
* Allocates and disburse to road authorities funds from the Road Fund in accordingly.
* Audits the use of funds from the Road Fund.
* Monitors implementation of road maintenance works by Road Authorities.
* Assists Road Authorities in making annual or multi-year road maintenance rolling plans.

## Road Fund

The Road Fund was established in terms of the Roads Act of 2001 with the objective to provide a stable, adequate, secure and sustainable source of funding for road maintenance work in Zimbabwe. The Road Fund comes from, Road user charges, Appropriations from Parliament and Grants. The fund is then used for routine and periodic road maintenance of roads and other roads related projects approved by the ZINARA Board.
The main source of ZINARA funds are the vehicle licence fees (30%), fuel levy (28%), toll roads (21%) and transit fees (19%). Toll roads fees could be the main contributor now because the toll gates have risen from 23 as of 2011 to 36 as of December 2015 nationwide.

### International Transit Tolls

International transit tolls are collected from foreign buses and heavy goods vehicles at border posts as they enter Zimbabwe. These cross-border charges are levied according to the distance each vehicle is to travel while inside Zimbabwe. International transit coupons are purchased in advance in foreign currency, and the revenue is paid to ZINARA. Each transit vehicle along the RTRN is issued a permit which states the destination of that particular vehicle. Local and foreign light motor vehicles, as well as on local heavy motor vehicles entering Zimbabwe except those with coupons paid in advance, are levied with the Road Access Toll at all border posts. A flat rate, in cash, is charged in accordance with the vehicle category.

### Toll Gates

Most highways linking cities are now toll roads following the construction of 36 toll plazas throughout the country. These are State of art tollgates are the first in the world to be 100% self-sufficient and solar powered.
Toll Points Table
| Plaza number | Map Section Number | Trunk Road Number | Common Name | Toll Plaza | Location | Nearest Center |
| 1 | A3 | R5 | Harare-Mutare Highway | Ruwa | 17°57′51″S 31°18′36″E﻿ / ﻿17.9642°S 31.3099°E﻿ / -17.9642; 31.3099﻿ (Ruwa Tollgate) | 35.11 km from Harare |
| 2 | A3 | R5 | Harare-Mutare Highway | Crocodile | 18°24′25″S 32°08′39″E﻿ / ﻿18.4069°S 32.1442°E﻿ / -18.4069; 32.1442﻿ (Crocodile Tollgate) | 14 km from Rusape |
| 3 | A3 | R5 | Harare-Mutare Highway | Riverside | 18°55′46″S 32°32′33″E﻿ / ﻿18.92931°S 32.5425°E﻿ / -18.92931; 32.5425﻿ (Riverside Tollgate) | 18 km from Mutare |
| 4 | A2 | R4 | Harare-Nyamapanda Highway | Enterprise Road | 17°44′16″S 30°12′10″E﻿ / ﻿17.7377°S 30.2028°E﻿ / -17.7377; 30.2028﻿ (Enterprise Road Tollgate) | 20 km from Harare |
| 5 | A1 | R3 | Harare-Chirundu Highway | Inkomo | 17°41′43″S 30°44′45″E﻿ / ﻿17.6953°S 30.7458°E﻿ / -17.6953; 30.7458﻿ (Inkomo Tollgate) | 43 km from Harare |
| 6 | A1 | R3 | Harare-Chirundu Highway | Lions' Den | 17°16′27″S 30°02′30″E﻿ / ﻿17.2743°S 30.0416°E﻿ / -17.2743; 30.0416﻿ (Lions' Den Tollgate) | 22 km from Chinhoyi |
| 7 | A5 | R2 | Harare-Bulawayo Highway | Norton | 17°56′18″S 30°39′00″E﻿ / ﻿17.9383°S 30.6499°E﻿ / -17.9383; 30.6499﻿ (Norton Tollgate) | 44.5 km from Harare |
| 8 | A5 | R2 | Harare-Bulawayo Highway | Kadoma | 18°25′44″S 29°49′53″E﻿ / ﻿18.4288°S 29.8313°E﻿ / -18.4288; 29.8313﻿ (Kadoma Tollgate) | 14 km from Kadoma |
| 9 | A4 | R1 | Harare-Beitbridge Highway | Skyline | 17°58′12″S 30°58′12″E﻿ / ﻿17.9701°S 30.9699°E﻿ / -17.9701; 30.9699﻿ (Skyline Tollgate) | 19 km from Harare |
| 10 | A4 | R1 | Harare-Beitbridge Highway | Mushagashi | 19°47′30″S 30°43′57″E﻿ / ﻿19.7917°S 30.7326°E﻿ / -19.7917; 30.7326﻿ (Mushagashi Tollgate) | 32 km from Masvingo |
| 11 | A11 | P1 | Harare-Mt Darwin Highway | Eskbank | 17°41′30″S 30°00′28″E﻿ / ﻿17.6916°S 30.0077°E﻿ / -17.6916; 30.0077﻿ (Eskbank Tollgate) | 18 km from Harare |
| 12 | A5 | R2 | Harare-Bulawayo Highway | Treetop | 19°34′30″S 30°43′48″E﻿ / ﻿19.5751°S 30.7301°E﻿ / -19.5751; 30.7301﻿ (Treetop Tollgate) | 17 km from Gweru |
| 13 | A5 | R2 | Bulawayo-Gweru | Cement | 20°06′45″S 28°41′09″E﻿ / ﻿20.1124°S 28.6857°E﻿ / -20.1124; 28.6857﻿ (Cement Tollgate) | 17 km from Bulawayo |
| 14 | A18 | - | Gweru-Shurugwi | Flamingo | 19°30′08″S 29°54′17″E﻿ / ﻿19.5023°S 29.9048°E﻿ / -19.5023; 29.9048﻿ (Flamingo Tollgate) | 10 km from Gweru |
| 15 | A17 | R7 | Gweru-Mvuma Highway | Sino | 19°47′30″S 30°43′57″E﻿ / ﻿19.7917°S 30.7326°E﻿ / -19.7917; 30.7326﻿ (Sino Tollgate) | 37 km from Gweru |
| 16 | A7 | R2 | Bulawayo-Plumtree Highway | Figtree | 20°22′14″S 28°19′36″E﻿ / ﻿20.3706°S 28.3266°E﻿ / -20.3706; 28.3266﻿ (Figtree Tollgate) | 36.8 km from Bulawayo |
| 17 | A8 | R9 | Victoria Falls Highway | Cindêrella | 18°20′33″S 26°22′02″E﻿ / ﻿18.3424°S 26.3673°E﻿ / -18.3424; 26.3673﻿ (Cinferella Tollgate) | 6 km from Hwange |
| 18 | A8 | R9 | Victoria Falls Highway | Umguza Turn Off | 20°00′46″S 28°32′26″E﻿ / ﻿20.01268°S 28.5405°E﻿ / -20.01268; 28.5405﻿ (Umguza T.O. Tollgate) | 18 km from Bulawayo |
| 19 | A6 | R9 | Beitbridge-Gwanda Highway | Naude Quarry | 22°08′44″S 29°59′14″E﻿ / ﻿22.1456°S 29.9872°E﻿ / -22.1456; 29.9872﻿ (Naude Quarry Tollgate) | 11.7 km from Beitbridge |
| 20 | A6 | R9 | Bulawayo-Beitbridge Highway | Esigodini | 20°17′07″S 28°52′46″E﻿ / ﻿20.2854°S 28.8794°E﻿ / -20.2854; 28.8794﻿ (Esigodini Tollgate) | 37 km from Bulawayo |
| 21 | A4 | R1 | Masvingo-Beitbridge Highway | Lutumba | 22°04′51″S 30°07′30″E﻿ / ﻿22.0808°S 30.1250°E﻿ / -22.0808; 30.1250﻿ (Lutumba Tollgate) | 23 km from Beitbridge |
| 22 | A4 | R1 | Masvingo-Beitbridge Highway | Chivi Turn Off | 20°24′55″S 30°41′06″E﻿ / ﻿20.4153°S 30.6850°E﻿ / -20.4153; 30.6850﻿ (Chivi T.O. Tollgate) | 45 km from Masvingo |
| 23 | A9 | P4 | Mutare-Masvingo Highway | Mashayamvura | 19°13′54″S 32°35′16″E﻿ / ﻿19.2318°S 32.5877°E﻿ / -19.2318; 32.5877﻿ (Mashayamvura Tollgate) | 32 km from Mutare |
| 24 | A9 | P7 | Masvingo-Bulawayo Highway | Mashava | 20°06′21″S 30°23′21″E﻿ / ﻿20.1058°S 30.3893°E﻿ / -20.1058; 30.3893﻿ (Mashava Tollgate) | 54 km from Masvingo |
| 25 | - | - | Harare-Seke Road | Seke-Chitungwiza | 18°02′01″S 31°09′59″E﻿ / ﻿18.0335°S 31.1663°E﻿ / -18.0335; 31.1663﻿ (Seke-Chitungwiza Tollgate) | 35.1 km from Harare |
| 26 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 27 | A4 | R1 | Harare-Masvingo Highway | Honeyspruit | Between 126–127 km peg | 14 km before Chivhu |
| 28 | A4 | R1 | Masvingo-Beitbridge Highway | Mwenezi | Between 171–172 km peg | 25.5 km from Rutenga |
| 29 | A1 | R3 | Harare-Chirundu Highway | Karoi | Between 224.5-225.5 km peg | 21 km from Karoi |
| 30 | - | P14 | Victoria Falls-Kazungula Road | Kazungula | Between 13–14 km peg | 13.3 km from Victoria Falls |
| 31 | A6 | R9 | Bulawayo-Beitbridge Highway | Colleen Bawn | Between 155–156 km peg | 29.5 km from Gwanda |
| 32 | A9 | P4 | Mutare-Masvingo Highway | Lothian | Between 260–261 km peg | 37 km before Masvingo |
| 33 | A11 | P1 | Harare-Bindura-Mt.Darwin Highway | Mfurudzi | Between 112–112 km peg | 24 km from Bindura |
| 34 | - | R6 | Chivhu-Nyazura Highway | Magamba | Between 17.0-18.0 km peg | 17.5 km from Chivhu |
| 35 | A10 | P5 | Ngundu-Tanganda Road | Triangle | Between 70.5-71.5 km peg | 9 km before Triangle |
| 36 | A9 | P4 | Mutare-Masvingo Road | Dewure | Between 147–148 km peg | 22 km from Birchenough Bridge |
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