OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Potting and stamping

Potting and stamping is a modern name for one of the 18th-century processes for refining pig iron without the use of charcoal.

## Inventors

The process was devised by Charles Wood of Lowmill, Egremont in Cumberland and his brother John Wood of Wednesbury and patented by them in 1761 and 1763. The process was improved by John Wright and Joseph Jesson of West Bromwich, who also obtained a patent.

## Process

The process involved the melting of pig iron in an oxidising atmosphere. The metal was then allowed to cool, broken up by stamping, and washed. The granulated iron was then heated in pots in a reverberatory furnace. The resultant bloom was then drawn out under a forge hammer in the usual way.

## Adoption

During the 14-year term of the patents, the process was little used except by the inventors. However, from c.1785, shortly before Wright & Jesson's process came out of patent, it seems to have been adopted by many ironmasters in the West Midlands. Professor Charles Hyde argues that the potting and stamping process was largely responsible for a 70% rise in wrought iron production from 1750 to 1788.
Ultimately, the process was replaced by puddling, though it remains unclear how quickly.
# Poutasi (disambiguation)

Poutasi may refer to:

## People

* Jeremiah Poutasi (born 1994) American football player
* Karen Poutasi (born 1949), New Zealand government official
* Poutasi Luafutu (born 1987) Australian rugby union player

## Places

* Poutasi, village in Samoa
# Portrait of a Young Man (Bellini, Liverpool)

Portrait of a Young Man is an oil painting on panel by Giovanni Bellini in the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool, to which it was donated in 1948 by the Liverpool Royal Institution.
# PowerCLI

PowerCLI is a PowerShell-based command-line interface for managing VMware vSphere.
VMware describes PowerCLI as "a powerful command-line tool that lets you automate all aspects of vSphere management, including network, storage, VM, guest OS and more. PowerCLI is distributed as PowerShell modules, and includes over 500 PowerShell cmdlets for managing and automating vSphere and vCloud, along with documentation and samples."
PowerCLI runs in PowerShell on Windows, macOS, and Ubuntu operating systems.
# Povl Falk-Jensen

Povl Falk-Jensen (26 July 1920 – 25 April 2019), better known under the codename Eigil, was a fighter in the Danish resistance movement during the German occupation of Denmark of 1940–45. Falk-Jensen was a member of the resistance group Holger Danske and the leader of the sub-group Eigil. Falk-Jensen was responsible for eleven executions of informers or collaborators and wrote his memoir entitled Holger Danske - Afdeling Eigils sabotager og stikkerlikvideringer under Besættelsen.
# IceRocket

IceRocket was an Internet search engine which specialized in real-time search. Based in Dallas, Texas, it launched in 2004 hoping to market itself solely through word of mouth.
IceRocket was backed by Mark Cuban and headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The company has received angel funding from Mr. Cuban.

## History and growth

Icerocket launched in 2004. The search engine originally launched with features designed to make web searches on a PDA much easier, for instance allowing users to email a query to the engine and receive their results back in response. Icerocket had an early licensing deal with Gofish.com.
In August 2011, it was announced that IceRocket had been acquired by the Meltwater Group.

## Service

IceRocket was generally for blog searches but expanded into searching the popular social networking websites Twitter and Facebook as well as allowing searching of news and the World Wide Web. IceRocket's Big Buzz feature allows users to search Blogs, Tweets, news, images etc. all from one page.
The IceRocket site was a free resource for people looking to monitor their brand, it was ad supported. IceRocket had an API that it licenses to social media monitoring firms as well as PR agencies.

## Closure

The site is no longer active.
# Practical Shooting Association of the Czech Republic

The Practical Shooting Association of the Czech Republic, Czech Asociace Praktické Střelby České Republiky (APSČR), is the Czech association for practical shooting under the International Practical Shooting Confederation.
# Idala

Idala was a locality situated in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, in southern Sweden, with 738 inhabitants in 2010. It was merged into Veberöd in 2015.
# Prahova Valley

Prahova Valley (Romanian: Valea Prahovei) is the valley where the Prahova river makes its way between the Bucegi and the Baiu Mountains, in the Carpathian Mountains, Romania. It is a tourist region, situated about 100 km (62 mi) north of the capital city of Bucharest.

## World War I

During World War I, the area was the site of heavy fighting between Austro-Hungarian and German forces on one side and Romanian forces on the other. The strategic objective of the Central Powers was to reach Bucharest via the shortest route, but they were prevented from doing so by determined Romanian resistance.

## Geography

Geographically, the Prahova river separates the Eastern Carpathians chain from the Southern Carpathians. Historically, the corridor was the most important passageway between the principalities of Wallachia and Transylvania. The DN1 road links Bucharest with the city of Brașov; the planned A3 freeway is currently being built along the Prahova Valley.
After failing to take part in the hosting of the 2013 European Youth festival, Prahova Valley considered making a bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
The region is a popular destination for mountaineers and for winter sports fans. The most important resorts are:
* Predeal
* Azuga
* Bușteni
* Sinaia
* Comarnic
* Breaza
# Prahova

Prahova may refer to:
* Prahova (river), Romania
* Prahova Valley, Romania
* Prahova County, named after the river Prahova, Romania
** Prahova Ploieşti, a football club based in Ploieşti, Romania
** Stadionul Prahova, a football-only stadium in Ploieşti, Romania
# Prasophyllum sargentii

Prasophyllum sargentii, commonly known as the frilled leek orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a tall orchid with a single smooth, tubular leaf and up to thirty or more purplish and white or golden brown and white flowers with a frilled labellum.

## Description

Prasophyllum sargentii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single smooth green, tube-shaped leaf 150–250 mm (6–10 in) long and 4–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) in diameter near the base. Between 10 and 35 or more flowers are arranged on a flowering spike 200–600 mm (8–20 in) high. The flowers are brownish and white, about 18 mm (0.7 in) long and 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) wide. The petals face forwards and the lateral sepals are erect, white and fused at their edges. The labellum is white, suffused with pink, has frilly edges and is turned upwards towards the lateral sepals. Flowering occurs from August to October and is stimulated by fire or light disturbance.

## Taxonomy and naming

The frilled leek orchid was first formally described in 1948 by William Nicholls who gave it the name Prasophyllum australe var. sargentii and published the description in The Victorian Naturalist. In 1971, Alex George raised it to species status, noting that the species P. australe does not occur in Western Australia. The specific epithet (sargentii) honours Oswald Sargent, the collector of the type specimen.

## Distribution and habitat

The frilled leek orchid grows in sandy soil in shrubland and woodland, usually flowering after fire or light disturbance. It occurs from Kalbarri in the north to Israelite Bay in the east.

## Conservation

Prasophyllum sargentii is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Idaea marcidaria

Idaea marcidaria is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1861. It is found in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Singapore and Borneo.
The wings are yellowish with a dark fasciae.The Male has the forewing costa somewhat folded longitudinally.
# Idaea micra

Idaea micra is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by George Hampson in 1893. It is found in Asia, including Sri Lanka.
# Idionyx minimus

Idionyx minimus is a species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It is known only from the Western Ghats of Kerala, India.

## Description and habitat

It is a small dragonfly with emerald-green eyes. Its thorax is metallic green, changing on the lower parts of sides to metallic blue. The humeral stripe absent, but there is a narrow oblique citron-yellow stripe on each side and a similar stripe on the posterior border of metepimeron. Abdomen is black. Segment 10 strongly keeled; but without a dorsal spine. Anal appendages are black.
Fraser (1936) states that he took a few specimens of both sexes flying among tea off the Munnar Ghat road during June. It is the smallest species of the genus and is closely related to Idionyx saffronatus and to Idionyx galeatus by the shape of the anal appendages, and especially that of the superiors, with the characteristic row of minute teeth beneath near the base. The glossy jet-black labium will serve to distinguish it at once from all of these species.
# Poříčany

Poříčany is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,600 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The name is derived from the word poříčané (from poříčí, i.e. "area around a river"), which denoted people who lived near some river.

## Geography

Poříčany is located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) northwest of Kolín and 26 km (16 mi) east of Prague. It lies in a flat landscape of the Central Elbe Table. The Šembera River flows through the municipality.

## History

The first written mention of Poříčany is from 1295. From 1547 at the latest, the village was part of the Černý Kostelec estate and shared its owners. In 1626, Albrecht von Wallenstein sold the estate to Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein. The House of Liechtenstein owned the village until the establishment of an independent municipality after 1848.
The railway through Poříčany was built in 1845 and the railway station was established in 1874. The railway station was the impetus for the development of the village and the influx of new residents.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 626 | — |
| 1880 | 899 | +43.6% |
| 1890 | 877 | −2.4% |
| 1900 | 852 | −2.9% |
| 1910 | 977 | +14.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,000 | +2.4% |
| 1930 | 1,270 | +27.0% |
| 1950 | 1,120 | −11.8% |
| 1961 | 1,226 | +9.5% |
| 1970 | 1,125 | −8.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,338 | +18.9% |
| 1991 | 1,271 | −5.0% |
| 2001 | 1,205 | −5.2% |
| 2011 | 1,461 | +21.2% |
| 2021 | 1,559 | +6.7% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

Poříčany is located on the railway lines Prague–Kolín and Nymburk–Poříčany.

## Sights

The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary was first documented in the 14th century. The current church is a late Baroque building from the mid-18th century.

## In popular culture

Some scenes of the 2005 movie Hostel were filmed in the municipality.
# Hans Christen Mamen

Hans Christen Mamen (20 April 1919 – 14 October 2009) was a Norwegian resistance member, local historian, priest and politician for the Christian Democratic Party.

## Biography

He hailed from the farm Vogellund in Asker. He started studies at the MF Norwegian School of Theology, and was a volunteer in the Winter War. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he became involved in the Norwegian resistance movement and had to flee to Sweden. He continued his education and graduated from Uppsala University. He was a courier for the Norwegian legation in Stockholm's department IV from 1944, and was a border pilot for Jews who fled across the Norway-Sweden border. For this he was declared as a Righteous among the Nations.
After the war he returned to the MF Norwegian School of Theology and took the practical-theological education in 1946. He was a hospital priest at Dikemark Hospital from 1948 to 1969, and vicar in Oppegård from 1970 to 1978. From 1978 to 1988 he was the vicar in Ås besides being the dean in Follo.
He was a member of Asker municipal council from 1948 to 1951, representing the Christian Democratic Party. A prolific local history writer, he also co-founded Asker og Bærum Historical Association, and is an honorary member both here and in Follo Historical Association. He was also active in the Norwegian Association of Clergy, and in scouting.
He died in October 2009 in Asker.
# GAZon NEXT

The GAZon NEXT is a truck produced by the Russian vehicle manufacturer GAZ. The vehicle has been in production since 2014 and is the successor to the GAZ-3307. Under the name Sadko NEXT comes a four-wheel drive variant of the vehicle; accordingly, this is the successor to the GAZ-3308.

## Overview

The GAZon NEXT is a light two-axle truck with rear-axle drive and 8.7 tonnes gross vehicle weight. It is offered with different body variants. Flatbed models are also delivered, as well as refrigerated vehicles or special vehicles for authorities or for snow removal. Likewise, garbage trucks are also built. The built-in diesel engine is a Russian make of YaMZ with about 110 kW (150 hp) of power and 4.43 liter cubic capacity.
The serial production of the GAZon NEXT commenced in Nizhny Novgorod on 19 September 2014 and the investment cost for the new production line amounted to more than 2.3 billion rubles. It is unclear in this context whether the production of the predecessor GAZ-3307 was discontinued at the same time, but this vehicle is no longer offered.
At the end of 2015, a basic GAZon NEXT cost about 1.4 million rubles (about €20,000 at that time).

## Variants

According to GAZ, the GAZon NEXT is available in over 300 model variants. The following list is limited to the most important basic variants.
* GAZ-С41R13-10 – standard model with a single cab and a short wheelbase of 3,770 mm (148 in)
* GAZ-С41R13-1010 – standard model, but with a refrigerated body, short wheelbase
* GAZ-С41R33-10 – standard model with a single cab and a long wheelbase of 4,515 mm (177.8 in)
* GAZ-С41R33-10 – Version designated GAZon NEXT City. The entire vehicle is lower and has a deeper loading sill. The wheelbase is 3,770 mm (148 in).
* GAZ-С41R33-10 – GAZon NEXT City with a long wheelbase of 4,515 mm (177.8 in)
* GAZ-С42R33-10 – standard model with a long wheelbase and a crew cab
* GAZ-С41R33-1010 – standard model with a tarpaulin, long wheelbase
# Martin Grove

Martin Grove could mean any of the following:
* Martin Grove Road, a secondary north–south thoroughfare in Etobicoke and Vaughan, in the province of Ontario, Canada
* Martin Grove, a Vivastation of the Viva Orange rapid transit line in Toronto, Canada
* Martingrove Collegiate Institute, a secondary school in Etobicoke, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
* Martin Grove Brumbaugh (1862–1930), an American politician
* Martin Groves, a British hillclimb driver
# Couplet (disambiguation)

A couplet is a pair of lines in verse.
Couplet may also refer to:
* Couplets (cabaret), satirical or risqué entertainment songs
* Couplet (traffic), a pair of one-way streets which carry opposing directions of traffic
* "Couplet" (Angel), a 2002 episode of the television show Angel
* Philippe Couplet (1623–1693), Belgian Jesuit
* Heart arrhythmia, where a couplet refers to a pair of abnormal beats
# Prima Donna (disambiguation)

Prima donna, Italian for "first lady", is a term used in opera.
Prima Donna or Primadonna may also refer to:

## Music

* The Prima Donna, a comic opera by Victor Herbert and Henry Blossom
* Prima Donna (American band), an American rock 'n' roll band
* Prima Donna (UK band), a band that represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980
* Prima Donna (opera), a 2009 opera by Rufus Wainwright
* Prima Donna: A Symphonic Visual Concert, a 2015 concert by Rufus Wainwright, based on his opera

### Albums

* Prima Donna (Nine Muses album), 2013
* Prima Donna (Rufus Wainwright album), 2015
* Prima Donna (EP), by Vince Staples, 2016
* Prima Donna, a series of five albums by Leontyne Price, 1967–1978
* Prima Donna, by Lesley Garrett, 1992

### Songs

* "Prima Donna" (Uriah Heep song), 1975
* "Primadonna" (Alla Pugacheva song), the Russian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997
* "Primadonna" (Marina and the Diamonds song), 2012
* "Prima Donna", by Chevelle from Hats Off to the Bull, 2011
* "Prima Donna", by Chicago from Chicago 17, 1984
* "Prima Donna", by Christina Aguilera from Bionic, 2010
* "Prima Donna", by Hot Leg from Red Light Fever, 2009
* "Prima Donna", from the musical The Phantom of the Opera, 1986

## Other

* Prima Donna (cheese), a Dutch cheese brand
* Prima Donna (film), a 1959 Australian television play
* Prima Donnas, a 2019 Philippine TV drama series
* Primadonna, a defunct casino once located on the site of the Montage Reno, Nevada, US
* Primadonna, a 1956 typeface designed by the German foundry Ludwig & Mayer
* Primadonna, a supervillain in Kiya & the Kimoja Heroes
# Dalsjöfors

Dalsjöfors is a locality situated in Borås Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 3,362 inhabitants in 2010.
# Graham W. J. Beal

Graham W. J. Beal was the Director, President and CEO of the Detroit Institute of Arts, from 1999 to 2015.

## Background

Beal was born in Stratford-on-Avon, England. He has degrees in English and Art History from the University of Manchester and the Courtauld Institute of Art.

## Early career

Prior to his tenure at the DIA, he was director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art from 1996 to 1999. He was director of the Joslyn Art Museum in Omaha, Nebraska, from 1989 to 1996 and served as chief curator at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art from 1984 to 1989.

## Detroit Institute of Arts

Beal was hired in 1999 as the Director and President of the Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA). During his early days, Beal was embroiled in several controversies over the suppression of contemporary exhibitions, despite his identification as an advocate of contemporary art. The first example of this was in 1999, when Beal shut down an exhibit Jef Bourgeau had been invited to create. Beal called Bourgeau to his office, while museum staffers acting under Beal's orders padlocked the exhibit.
In 2012, the board of directors increased Beal's salary from $455,453 to $514,000 annually. The same year the DIA asked voters in Wayne, Macomb and Oakland Counties to approve an increase on their property taxes to help the DIA solve its financial problems and keep its doors open. Beal also received a $50,000 bonus in 2012 plus another 50,000 in 2013.
Initially, the raises and loans were not made public. In 2014, the DIA filed tax returns for 2012 which disclosed Beal's raise and bonus. The disclosure caused much anger among Wayne, Macomb and Oakland County taxpayers. "The public rallied around the DIA, and this is the thanks they got?" Oakland County Executive L. Brooks Patterson asked. Oakland County Commissioners threatened to stop Oakland County's participation in the DIA millage. On November 5, 2014, the DIA board repaid the museum for Beal's 2013 bonus with the board chairman Eugene Gargaro apologizing for "mistakes which we regret".
On January 8, 2015, Beal announced he was stepping down on June 30. Two months later, Beal's pay continues to generate negative headlines for the DIA. Oakland County officials continue to be at the forefront of opposition to a retroactive raise for Beal. Lawmakers want to make the DIA subject to the Freedom of Information Act.
# Canton of Pontorson

The canton of Pontorson is an administrative division of the Manche department, northwestern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Pontorson.
It consists of the following communes:
* Aucey-la-Plaine
* Beauvoir
* Céaux
* Courtils
* Crollon
* Ducey-Les Chéris
* Huisnes-sur-Mer
* Juilley
* Marcilly
* Le Mesnil-Ozenne
* Le Mont-Saint-Michel
* Poilley
* Pontaubault
* Pontorson
* Précey
* Sacey
* Saint-Ovin
* Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme
* Servon
* Tanis
* Le Val-Saint-Père
# Canton of Pornic

The canton of Pornic is an administrative division of the Loire-Atlantique department, western France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Pornic.
It consists of the following communes:
* La Bernerie-en-Retz
* Chaumes-en-Retz (partly)
* Chauvé
* Les Moutiers-en-Retz
* La Plaine-sur-Mer
* Pornic
* Préfailles
* Saint-Michel-Chef-Chef
# Grass bagworm

Grass bagworm is a common name for several insects and may refer to:
* Brachycyttarus griseus, native to south-east Asia, including Vietnam, Malaysia, Sabah and the Philippines, and introduced in Guam and Hawaii
* Eurukuttarus confederata, a species of bagworm that only eats grass
* Psyche casta, a nocturnal moth originally from the Old World, but has been introduced in North America
# Grass coquí

The grass coquí or coquí de las hierbas (Eleutherodactylus brittoni) is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae, endemic to Puerto Rico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Lists of Geordie song-related topics

There are four Geordie song-related lists on Wikipedia:
* List of Geordie songwriters
* List of Geordie singers
* List of Geordie songbooks
* List of Geordie characters, events and places