OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ira N. Levine

Ira N. Levine (February 12, 1937 – December 17, 2015) was an American author, scientist, professor and faculty member in the chemistry department at Brooklyn College. He widely acknowledged for his research in the field of microwave spectroscopy, and for several widely known textbooks in physical chemistry and quantum chemistry.

## Biography

Levine was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was graduated from Erasmus Hall High School. In 1952, Levine was graduated with an honorary degree in chemistry and named as top scholastic honorary graduate in the College of Engineering and Science at Carnegie Mellon College of Engineering. In 1959, he went on to graduate school in the field of physical chemistry and mathematical physics at Harvard University. In 1963, he was awarded a PhD in chemistry under the guidance of Professor E. Bright Wilson by Harvard University. He started his academic career at Brooklyn College in 1964 where he taught first-year courses in general chemistry as well as advanced courses in physical and quantum chemistry. He became a full-time professor in 1978. Levine is recognized for several textbooks he authored and for his research in physical chemistry, quantum chemistry and microwave spectroscopy. Levine textbooks include Quantum Chemistry (7th ed.), Physical Chemistry (6th ed.), Solutions Manual to Physical Chemistry (5th ed.), and a textbook on Molecular Spectroscopy. His textbooks have been translated into many languages, including Arabic, Chinese, Czech, Hungarian, Polish, and Spanish, and they have been used by many Chemistry departments in the US and elsewhere. He died on December 17, 2015.
# Maitland, Cape Town

Maitland is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa.
Maitland is situated along a number of important transport networks connecting the Cape Town city bowl to the rest of the city. The most important being the railway line that runs through the middle of the suburb and the N1 that is situated on its northern boundary. The area has always been an important transport hub for the city. In 1845 one of the first roads from Stellenbosch through the Maitland area was completed. This effectively connected Cape Town to the rest of Africa as at the time the dunes of the Cape Flats prevented much traffic between the two locations. The suburb is named after Sir Peregrine Maitland who was governor of the Cape in the mid 1840s.

## Geography

Maitland lies to the north of Pinelands, south of Brooklyn, east of Salt River

## History

During the Second Anglo-Boer War Maitland was the site of a major British cavalry camp, where troops and horses recovered from the voyage from Britain.

## Demography

The 2011 census recorded the population of Maitland as consisting of 9,782 people. 49.9% described themselves as "Coloured", 1.9% as "Indian or Asian", 41.1% as "Black African", 2.6% as "White" and 4.0% as "Other". 58.0% spoke English as their first language, 16.5% spoke Afrikaans, 3.8% spoke Xhosa, 1.0% spoke Zulu and 20.7% .

## Local schools

* Maitland High School
* Holy Cross High School
* Koeberg Primary school

## In popular culture

The Standard Hotel located in Maitland was featured in the 2012 film Safe House. It features as one of the "seedy hotels" that the main protagonists seek refuge in.
The shrine of a well known Muslim Sufi saint i.e. Hazarat Khawaja Sayed Mehboob Ali Sha (R.A) is situated at the Maitland Cemetery gate 4A is also a source of blessings and unity of many communities. The shrine that still attracts thousands of devotees from all around the world.
Maitland Cemetery is also home to South Africa's only alkaline hydrolysis facility, where Archbishop Desmond Tutu's remains were famously liquefied following a state funeral.
# Akasaka

Akasaka may refer to:

## Places

* Akasaka Palace, which functions today as the State Guest-House
* Akasaka, Tokyo, a district of Minato, Tokyo
** Akasaka Sacas, a facility in Akasaka, Tokyo
* Akasaka, Okayama, a town in the Akaiwa District, Okayama
* Akasaka-juku (Nakasendō), a post town on the Nakasendō
* Akasaka-juku (Tōkaidō), a post town on the Tōkaidō
* A district of Chihayaakasaka, Osaka, Japan

## Other uses

* Akasaka (surname)
* Akaneiro ni Somaru Saka, a visual novel by Feng adapted into an anime series
# Marble Rock (Antarctica)

Marble Rock is a rock outcrop at the edge of the ice cliff about 0.8 nautical miles (1.5 km) west-southwest of West Arm and Mawson Station, on the coast of Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. It was first plotted from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and was so named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia because of marble beds described there by D.S. Trail, a geologist at Mawson Station in 1961.
# Natural Soul

Natural Soul (subtitled Natural Woman) is an album by American saxophonist Buddy Terry recorded in 1967 and released on the Prestige label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Allmusic site awarded the album 3 stars.

## Track listing

All compositions by Buddy Terry except as noted
* "A Natural Woman" (Carole King, Gerry Goffin, Jerry Wexler) – 3:30
* "Natural Soul"(Sunday Go to Meeting Blues)" – 6:00
* "Pedro, the One Arm Bandit" – 5:37
* "Don't Be So Mean" – 5:35
* "The Revealing Time" – 12:35
* "Quiet Days and Lonely Nights" – 7:35

## Personnel

* Buddy Terry – tenor saxophone, flute
* Larry Young – piano, organ
* Eddie Gladden – drums
* Woody Shaw – trumpet, flugelhorn (tracks 2, 4 & 5)
* Joe Thomas – tenor saxophone, flute (track 1)
* Robbie Porter – baritone saxophone (tracks 1 & 2)
* Jiggs Chase – organ (track 1)
* Wally Richardson – guitar (tracks 1 & 2)
* Jimmy Lewis – electric bass (track 1)
* The Terry Girls – vocals (track 1)
# A4008 road

The A4008 is a local road in south east England.

## Route

It starts at Hatch End in the London Borough of Harrow at a roundabout on the A410. It runs North from the roundabout and is known as Oxhey Lane. After 1 mile (1.6 km) it passes over the route of the Grims Dyke and Grimsdyke Golf Course is to the East. Very soon afterwards it passes in to Hertfordshire. At the border a white post with the shield of London on it marks the Greater London border. There is also a plate emblazoned with the name and arms of the former county of Middlesex. In the trees to the east, a BT microwave tower may be seen.
The road continues northwards passing the estate of Carpenders Park on its western side. There is also a cemetery here. 2 miles (3.2 km) after crossing into Hertfordshire, the road enters the Borough of Watford. There is a pub, the Load of Hay on the western side and then a small green known as Watford Heath. The road swings eastwards and winds through the village of Oxhey, now a suburb of Watford. At Bushey Station, the northbound traffic runs straight on, whereas southbound traffic is via Chalk Hill and right into Aldenham Road (passing the Victoria public house at a set of traffic lights). The road has now joined the A411 and passing under Bushey Arches at a roundabout and it becomes Lower Watford High Street. On the east of the road just after the roundabout there is a metal turnpike marker with a plaque commemorating it as the last of its type.
A gyratory system takes the northbound traffic around a retail park, via Dalton Way and under Oxhey Arches. The southbound traffic is along Lower High Street. The two routes meet at a set of traffic lights and via a roundabout into Stephenson Way. On the west is a Tesco Extra supermarket, on the east is the West Coast Main Line running on an embankment between Bushey and Watford Junction. This section of the road dates from the late 1980s. On 23 January 1975, there was a train accident on this embankment and a locomotive and carriages rolled down onto what were then fields just by point at which the traffic lights mark the exit from the supermarket.
The road leaves the route of the A412 at a roundabout at the end of Stephenson Way and heads east along a link road to join the A41 and M1 at junction 5, Berrygrove. At the start of this link road the route again passes under the railway, which is carried on the Colne Viaduct. At this point, in the 1930s, an open-air pool was crafted into the course of the River Colne.
The road is some 7 miles (11 km) in length.

## History

The A4008 was originally numbered the B460. For a while, in the 1970s and 1980s, the route from Bushey Station to the A41 was along the Aldenham Road. This was originally the B462 and it reverted to this number after the opening of Stephenson Way and the M1 link.
# Goran Švob

Goran Švob (pronounced; 29 May 1947 – 18 April 2013) was a Croatian philosopher, logician, and author. He was an associate professor at the Department of Philosophy of Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb where he taught logic and the philosophy of language, being employed there since 1975.
Švob has written two books and published numerous scientific papers in the academic field of logic. He was greatly influenced by the analytic philosophy and particularly by the philosophers Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

## Education and academic career

Švob was born on 29 May 1947 in Zagreb, then part of Yugoslavia. There he finished his primary school education and graduated from gymnasium. He then enrolled at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Zagreb where he got his Master of Arts in philosophy and English language in 1971. The same year he managed to get employed at the Department of Philosophy of the same faculty.
During the academic year 1973–1974 Švob spent six months as a research fellow at the University of Oxford. He also had shorter visits at the universities in Austria, West Germany, Great Britain, Japan, and China. In 1988 he got his Doctor of Philosophy in philosophy at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, and the following year he was selected to the position of an assistant professor, and was further promoted to the position of associate professor in 2001. He has been teaching logic and philosophy of language there since 1975. He was also a guest lecturer at the University of Vienna, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Peking University, Hokkaido University, University of Tokyo, and Kyoto University.
Švob was the leader of scientific research project Logic, Universal Language and the Philosophy of Language (Croatian: Logika, univerzalni jezik i filozofija jezika) of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia.

## Published work

Švob published scientific papers in leading philosophical journals, in particular the journal of Praxis School, Filozofska istraživanja, SOL, and, most notably, Acta Analytica. His first book, titled Frege: Pojmovno pismo (English: Frege: Conceptual Notation), was published in 1992.
Od slike do igre (English: From Image to Game) was a second book written by Švob, published in 2009. The book is consolidated of articles which differ by subject and time when they were written, though they all mainly focus on the work of three philosophers: Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. The focal point of the book, however, is the shift in Wittgenstein's philosophy of language, or the transition from the early to late Wittgenstein.
# Housing and Home Finance Agency

The Housing and Home Finance Agency (HHFA) was responsible for the principal housing programs of the United States from 1947 to 1965. It was superseded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and preceded by the National Housing Agency. The HHFA was led by former Federal Housing Administration Commissioner, Raymond M. Foley, from its inception in 1947 to 1953 and by former Kansas Congressman Albert M. Cole from 1953 to 1959 where he oversaw the Housing Act of 1954. In 1960 Jack T. Conway became the Deputy Administrator and acting Administrator until Robert C. Weaver's appointment in February 1961 through to its dissolution in 1965 when Robert C. Weaver took over as the Secretary of the superseding Department of Housing and Urban Development.

## Organizational history

HHFA was established as a permanent agency by Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 24, 1947, replacing the National Housing Agency. Initially consisted of Federal Housing Administration, Public Housing Administration, and Federal Home Loan Bank Board, the last of which separated from HHFA in 1955. It acquired the Federal National Mortgage Association from the Federal Loan Agency as a constituent unit in 1950. The HHFA Division of Community Facilities and Operations and HHFA Division of Slum Clearance and Urban Redevelopment were redesignated the Community Facilities Administration and Urban Renewal Administration and elevated to constituent unit status in 1954. The Federal Flood Indemnity Administration operated as a HHFA constituent unit from 1956 to 1957. HHFA was superseded by the Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1965.
# Michael Shaw-Stewart

Michael Shaw-Stewart may refer to:
* Sir Michael Shaw Stewart, 5th Baronet, Lord Lieutenant of Renfrewshire
* Sir Michael Shaw-Stewart, 6th Baronet, Scottish politician
* Sir Michael Shaw-Stewart, 7th Baronet, British politician
# Pran Nath

Pran Nath may refer to:
* Pran Nath (musician) (1918–1996), Indian singer of the Kirana style
* Pran Nath (physicist) (born 1939), Indian particle physicist
* Pran Nath Lekhi (1924/1925–2010), Indian lawyer
* Pran Nath Thapar (1906–1975), Indian military commander
# Moata'a

Moata'a is a village on the island of Upolu in Samoa. It is situated on the central north coast of the island, to the east of the capital Apia. The village is in the political district of Tuamasaga.
The population is 1412. As of September 2022, actor KJ Apa is the Savae chief of the village.
# Maitland, Pennsylvania

Maitland is a census-designated place in Derry Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, United States, just outside the borough of Lewistown. At the 2010 census, the population was 357.
# Akasa

Akasa may refer to:

## Philosophy

* Ākāśa, a concept in Indian cosmology
* Ākāśa (Jainism), space in the Jain conception of the cosmos

## People and persons

* Akasa Singh, Indian singer
* Akassa tribe (also called Akasa) from Nigeria

## Places

* Akasa District (赤佐地区), Hamana Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan
* Akasa Linea, 486958 Arrokoth, Kuiper Belt, Solar System; the neck of Arrokoth

## Groups and organizations

* Akasa (band), a British music band
* Akasa Air, Indian low-cost airline based in Mumbai

## Other uses

* Udara akasa (U. akasa), a butterfly from India
# Chiwaukum Lake

Chiwaukum Lake is an alpine freshwater lake located on the Ewing Basin south of Lake Donald and the McCue Ridge in King County, Washington. Because of its proximity to surrounding peaks and mountains at the heart of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, the lake is a popular area for hiking. Outflow from Chiwaukum Lake is Chiwaukum Creek and an unnamed creek flows into Chiwaukim Lake from Larch Lake. A short distance north of Donald Lake are other Scottish Lakes including Loch Eileen and Lake Julius.

## Climate

Chikamin Lake is located in a hemiboreal climate, part of the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. The average temperature is 36 °F (2 °C). The warmest month is August, with an average temperature of 61 °F (16 °C), and the coldest month is January, at an average of 18 °F (−8 °C). The average rainfall is 105.8 in (2,687 mm) per year. The wettest month is January, with 9.2 in (233 mm) of rain, and the least in July, with 1.1 in (28 mm) millimeters of rain.
Chiwaukum Lake :
Climate chart (explanation) :
# Johannes Dierauer

Johannes Dierauer (20 March 1842 – 14 March 1920) was a Swiss historian and librarian. He taught history classes at the Cantonal School in St. Gallen from 1868 to 1907 and, from 1874 to 1920, served as the head of the City Library of St. Gallen.

## Biography

Dierauer was born in Berneck, St. Gallen on 20 March 1842 to Jakob Dierauer and Engelina Hohl. His father was a farmer whose family belonged to Berneck's historic bourgeoisie.
He studied history at the universities of Zürich, Bonn and Paris, receiving his doctorate at Zürich in 1868 with a dissertation on Trajan, titled Beiträge zu einer kritischen Geschichte Trajans. From 1868 to 1907 he taught classes in history at the cantonal school in St. Gallen, and from 1874 onward, was head of the Stadtbibliothek Vadiana, the city library in St. Gallen.
He was married to Lisette Brunner of Oberhelfenschwil, with whom he had two daughters.
Dierauer died in St. Gallen on 14 March 1920.

## Published works

His magnum opus was a history of the Swiss Confederation, Geschichte der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft, published in five volumes from 1887 to 1917. Other noted writings by Dierauer are:
* Müller-Friedberg; Lebensbild eines schweizerischen Staatsmannes (1755–1836) (as editor, 1885) – Karl von Müller-Friedberg; Life of a Swiss statesman (1755–1836).
* Ernst Götzinger : ein Lebensbild (1897) – Biography of Ernst Götzinger.
* Die Befreiung des Rheintals 1798 (1898) – The liberation of the Rhine Valley in 1798.
* Chronik der Stadt Zürich (as editor, 1900) – Chronicle of the city of Zürich.
* Der Kanton St. Gallen in der Regenerationszeit (1831–1840) (1902) – The canton of St. Gallen in the regeneration period (1831–1840).
* Politische Geschichte des Kantons St. Gallen, 1803–1903 (1904) – Political history of the canton of St. Gallen, 1803–1903.
* Der Zug der Schweden gegen Konstanz 1633. Eine Verletzung der schweizerischen Neutralität im Dreißigjährigen Kriege (1906) – Swedish troops at Konstanz, 1633; a violation of Swiss neutrality in the Thirty Years' War.
He was the author of 18 biographies in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.
# Almanach des Muses

L'Almanach des Muses was a French-language poetry magazine published in Paris, France.

## History and profile

Almanach des Muses was founded in 1765 by Sautreau de Marsy. The magazine was much in vogue during the second half of the 18th century.
The aim of the Almanach des Muses was to go beyond what previous almanacs had attempted by presenting to its readership a selection of recent poetry, with critical notes and information about the literary scene. Appearing annually, the Almanach des Muses published a number of lesser-known writers such as Parny, Pierre Légier, Bertin, Roucher, Colardeau or Berquin, Legouvé, Bonnard, Arnault, well-known writers such as Boufflers, Delille, Dorat, de Fontanes, La Harpe, and also the work of extremely eminent figures such as Chamfort, Beaumarchais and Baculard d'Arnaud, above all Voltaire whose writings appeared 200 times between 1765 and 1819. During the French Revolution, it printed "La Marseillaise" in 1793 and Sade's eulogy to Marat in 1794. To be published in the Almanach des Muses, like Millevoye and Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, was to have "arrived" on the literary scene.
The Almanach des Muses was both much ridiculed and much imitated. Mercier, Rivarol and Champcenetz never hesitated to attack it, dubbing it L'Almanach des Buses ("Almanac of Buzzards"). On the other hand, German language literary magazine Göttinger Musenalmanach, first published in 1769, was modelled on the magazine. The decline in reputation was slow but steady, and it ceased publication in 1833, superseded by the literary magazine as we know it today.
Sautreau de Marsy was the editor until 1793 (with Joseph Mathon de la Cour from 1766 to 1769). Étienne Vigée kept it going from 1794 to 1820, succeeded in turn by Justin Gensoul (1821–29) and Jean-Pierre Lesguillon (1830-33).
# Dolno Novo Selo, Sofia Province

Dolno Novo Selo is a village in Dragoman Municipality, Sofia Province, western Bulgaria. The etymology of the village comes from Slavic languages meaning new village, Novo Selo.
# Dolno Ozirovo

Dolno Ozirovo is a village in Varshets Municipality, Montana Province, northwestern Bulgaria.
# Johanna Schouten-Elsenhout

Johanna Schouten-Elsenhout (11 July 1910 – 23 July 1992) was a Surinamese poet and an eminent community leader who fought for acknowledgement of Sranan and of the Afro-Surinamese culture.

## Life

Schouten-Elsenhout was born in Paramaribo in 1910. She started writing in the notebooks. She is known for poetry that is written without verses. The poems are written in Sranan Tongo and they contain no punctuation. These love poems include lesbian love which is not taboo in the Afro-creole culture. It is said that she had been composing and writing down proverbial phrases for a long time before she and others recognised that she was composing poetry. She has been called the Grandma Moses of Sranan by Hugo Pos.
In 1987 she was awarded the Knight of the Order of the Yellow Star.
Erwin de Vries, the Surinam sculptor in Paramaribo, made a bronze bust commissioned by the National Women's Movement, de Nationale Vrouwen Beweging (NVB) for the commemoration of the poet's one hundredth birthday.

## Work

In 1963 Johanna published her first poetry book called Tide ete (Done Today/ Vandaag nog). In 1965 her second book was published: Awese (Healing Spirit). An Awese is a healing spirit in Winti, the Afro-Surinam religion. Both books are "milestones in the emancipation of the language and culture of the Creole peoples of Surinam and of the Surinam Women's Rights movement." In 2010 a reprint was published to commemorate her one hundredth birthday with translations by D. France Oliveira.
About the creole language Sranantongo Johanna Schouten-Elsenhout said; "Your language is your culture and that is the most precious possession of a human being. If you have lost it, then you have lost your life force, your kra. Your kra is your own personality. You may be poor, but you have a precious spirit that holds you up." One of Schouten-Elsenhout's most famous poem is Uma (Woman) of which the first lines are:
Noti no hei so
Lek’ a sten
D’ e bari
In’ dyugudyugu f’ a dei
(Uma/Woman) "Nothing is so glorious/ As a voice/ That calls out/ In the chaos of a day." According to Oerdigitaalvrouwenblad, a Dutch literary publication (Feminist, anti-racist), Hillary Clinton read this poem in 1999 at the UNESCO Conference in The Hague, The Netherlands.