OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Physica (Hildegard)

The Physica (Medicine), also known as the Liber simplicis medicine (Book of Simple Medicine), is a 12th-century medical text by Hildegard of Bingen.

## Publication history

Hildegard of Bingen served as an infirmarian at her first monastery and was well-acquainted with various medical traditions. What was subsequently given the conventional title of Physica, or Medicine, by Johannes Schott is part of Hildegard's lost medical collection, the Subtilitatum diversarum naturarum creaturarum libri novem (Nine Books on the Subtleties of Different Kinds of Creatures), written between 1151 and 1158.
In 1222, Gebeno [de], prior of the Cistercian monastery at Eberbach, claimed in the foreword of his Speculum futurorum temporum (Mirror of Future Times; a compilation of prophecies by Hildegard) that she had written a "book of simple medicine" (librum simplicis medicine). A decade later, the Physica (under the title of Liber simplicis medicine) was submitted to Rome as part of Hildegard's canonisation inquiry, alongside the Liber composite medicine (Book of Compound Medicine), another entry in Hildegard's Subtilitatum.
The Physica survives in at least nine manuscripts dating from as early as the thirteenth century, five of which contain the full text.

## Content

The Physica comprises nine books on plants (230 chapters), elements (63 chapters), trees (63 chapters), stones (26 chapters), fish (37 chapters), birds (72 chapters), animals (45 chapters), reptiles (18 chapters), and metals (8 chapters). Each chapter discusses the medicinal properties of an entity based on the ideas of hot, cold, wet, and dry.

## Legacy

According to Lois N. Magner, the Physica was "probably the first book by a female author to discuss the elements and the therapeutic virtues of plants, animals, and metals", as well as the first book on natural history composed in Germany.
# Picipes melanopus

Picipes melanopus is a species of mushroom in the family Polyporaceae. It can be found growing on dead wood, or from a submerged sclerotium, from spring through fall.

## Description

Picipes melanopus has a brown velvety cap which grows up to 10 cm across. It is centrally depressed, and has tough flesh. The stipe has a soft black felt covering. The species is inedible.
Species with a similar appearance include Picipes badius, Cerioporus leptocephalus, and Cerioporus varius. All three also have a black felt on the stipe, but only on the lower half for the latter two. P. badius has no clamp connections. Also similar are Polyporus tuberaster and Jahnoporus hirtus, the latter of which has a gray-brown cap.
# Hitachi TR.1

The Hitachi TR.1 was a small airliner developed in Japan in 1938, produced in small numbers as the TR.2. It was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane with retractable tailwheel undercarriage and a fully enclosed cabin. The design strongly resembled the Airspeed Envoy that it was intended to replace in Japanese airline service. Testing of the TR.1 prototype commenced on 8 April 1938 at Haneda Airport, but it suffered a serious accident on 22 June due to a landing in which one of the main undercarriage units failed to extend.
The TR.2 was a revised and strengthened design with a larger wing area, and main undercarriage that only semi-retracted. Twelve examples were built in a small series, but performance was not as good as the TR.1, since the modifications to the design had added 260 kg (570 lb) to the aircraft.

## Specifications (TR.1)

Data from Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Capacity: 6 passengers
* Length: 10.60 m (34 ft 9 in)
* Wingspan: 14.10 m (46 ft 3 in)
* Height: 3.50 m (11 ft 6 in) (to top of radio mast)
* Wing area: 24.5 m$^2$ (264 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,910 kg (4,211 lb)
* Gross weight: 3,000 kg (6,614 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Gasuden Jimpu 5A nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 180 kW (240 hp) each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 303 km/h (188 mph, 163 kn)
* Cruise speed: 251 km/h (156 mph, 136 kn)
* Range: 1,516 km (942 mi, 819 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 4,380 m (14,370 ft)
* Time to altitude: 14 min 47 s to 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
# Pieter Jan Hagens

Pieter Jan Hagens (born 14 August 1958) is a Dutch radio and television presenter.

## Career

He is known for presenting EenVandaag, Jules Unlimited and Buitenhof. He also presented the radio program Spijkers met Koppen.
Between 2008 and 2011 he presented the popular television show Wie is de Mol?. Art Rooijakkers succeeded him as presenter of the show.
In 2016, he won the 15th edition of the De Grote Geschiedenisquiz together with Jort Kelder.

## Filmography
### As presenter

* 2008 – 2011: Wie is de Mol?

### As contestant

* 2016: De Grote Geschiedenisquiz
# Hit list

Hit list or The Hit List may refer to:
* A list of would-be victims in contract killing
* Record chart, a ranking of recorded music according to popularity during a given period of time

## Film and TV

* Hit List (1989 film), starring Jan-Michael Vincent — hitmen kill and kidnap the wrong people
* The Hit List (2011 film), featuring Cuba Gooding, Jr.
* Hit List (2024 film), an upcoming Indian Tamil-language action film
* Hit List (TV series), a Canadian television series which aired music videos
* The Hit List (game show), a British game show hosted by Marvin and Rochelle Humes
* The Hit List TV, an Australian music show

## Music

* Hit List (musical), a 2013 musical based on a fictional musical in the television series Smash
* The Hit List (Joan Jett album)
* The Hit List (Saafir album)
* The Hit List (Unwritten Law album)
* The Hit List (Cliff Richard album), a 1994 compilation album by Cliff Richard
* Hitlist, Israeli music chart operated by Mako news

## Other uses

* Hit List, a 2000 novel by Lawrence Block
# Piatti

Piatti may refer to:
* Piatti (surname), a surname
* Piatti scooter, a motor scooter of the 1950s
* In older music scores, piatti is the Italian term for cymbals
# Hither Green marshalling yard

Hither Green marshalling yard, is a large railway marshalling yard designed for the concentration of freight traffic to and from South East London, and for transfer to other yards in London. It is situated on the north side of the South Eastern Main Line between Hither Green and Grove Park stations. The facility was conceived and built by the South Eastern Railway after 1895, but by the time it opened in 1899 this railway had become part of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway.

## History

Freight traffic was considered to be of minor importance for much of the existence of the South Eastern Railway, but during the early 1890s the situation began to change. A growth in freight traffic was experienced to and from London, Kent and the Continent, and also for transfer to other railways in the north of England. This traffic was beginning to overwhelm the existing facilities at Bricklayers Arms which was also poorly sited with respect to transfer freight using the East London Line. Following the opening of Hither Green railway station in 1895 plans were therefore made for the construction of a new marshaling yard nearby. This location gave excellent access to the South Eastern Main Line and also had a connection with the Dartford Loop Line. It provided easy links to the neighbouring London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, and the Great Eastern, Great Northern, and Midland Railways via East London Line. The new facility opened in 1899 after the formation of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway.
The yard passed in to Southern Railway (SR) ownership in 1923 and fulfilled an important part in its plans for the re-organisation of freight traffic in South London, and connections with other railways. New junctions were created in the period 1927–1933. During the Second World War the rail yard was also a frequent target of enemy action.
The yards passed into British Railways ownership in 1948, and in 1960 a new freight depot opened south of St Mildreds Road, handling at its peak over two million tonnes a year of continental fruit and vegetables. However, following the decline of rail freight the St Mildreds site was developed to become the Up side Electric Multiple Unit stabling roads of Grove Park depot. All roads provide Third rail 750 volt DC traction current. The Southeastern Safety Training Centre was also built here.

## Motive power depot

The Southern Railway opened a new motive power depot to the south of the station in 1933. In 1947, the sheds were the scene of a serious boiler explosion, where both driver and fireman were severely scalded, but survived. The depot closed to steam in 1961 and was converted to Hither Green Traction Maintenance Depot.
# Hithaadhoo (Baa Atoll)

Hithaadhoo (Dhivehi: ހިތާދޫ) is one of the inhabited islands and third largest island with registered population of 1430 in Baa Atoll.

## Geography

The island is 112.77 km (70 mi; 61 nmi) northwest of the country's capital, Malé.
# Hiser, West Virginia

Hiser was an unincorporated community in Grant County, West Virginia, United States. Its post office is closed.
# Peter Tibber

Peter Tibber CMG (born 7 September 1956) is a British diplomat, who was the British ambassador to Sudan from 2011 to 2015 and the British ambassador to Colombia from 2015 to 2019.

## Early life

Peter Harris Tibber was born on 7 September 1956. He is the son of Anthony Harris Tibber, a circuit judge. He was educated at Haberdashers’ Aske’s School, a private school in Elstree, Hertfordshire. Tibber attended University College, Oxford and graduated with a degree in history in 1976.

## Career
### Ambassador to Sudan

Tibber was the British ambassador to Sudan from 2011 to 2015.

### Ambassador to Colombia

Tibber was the British ambassador to Colombia from 2015 to 2019.
In the 2020 Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George for "services to British foreign policy".

## Personal life

Tibber married Eve Levy-Huet in 1983.
# Catatropis johnstoni

Catatropis johnstoni is a fluke from the United States. It was first described in 1956 by Martin, who had found cercariae (a larval stage of a fluke) released by the snail Cerithidea californica in southwestern California. When the cercaria were fed into chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), they developed into mature worms; Martin speculated that the natural host was a waterbird. In 1970, a study of helminths of the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) in a saltmarsh at Cedar Key, Florida, found flukes similar to C. johnstoni. The fluke was present in 30% of 110 examined rice rats, with the number of worms per rat varying from 1 to 500 (average 91). Some Cerithidea scalariformis snails from this marsh also released cercariae similar to C. johnstoni from California. When introduced into chickens, marsh rice rats, Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and house mice (Mus musculus), these cercariae developed into infectious flukes. Bush and Kinsella, who reported on the result in 1972, regarded the Florida and California flukes as the same species, as there were only minor size differences between them. Because no marsh-inhabiting rodent occurs in both California and Florida, they agreed with Martin that the normal host of C. johnstoni was most likely a bird, perhaps a rail or shorebird. Nevertheless, the rate of infection in the rice rat is too high for it to be just an accidental host; perhaps C. johnstoni is restricted to saltmarshes but not host-specific.
Catatropis johnstoni lacks a series of lateral papillae (nipple-like structures) on the underside, which are normally present in Catatropis. In this character, it resembles the Australian C. nicolli, which has the genital pore located further to the front. C. johnstoni does have a median ridge on the underside, another character of Catatropis, but unlike in all other species of the genus, this ridge is not smooth, but consists of a series of distinct but closely spaced papillae. Because of this character, it may not in fact belong in Catatropis.
# Clyde Smith (American football)

Clyde Wise Smith (July 17, 1904 – December 30, 1982) was an American football player and coach. He played professionally as a center for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Kansas City Cowboys (1925–1926), the Columbus Tigers (1927), and the Providence Steam Roller (1928). Smith served as the head football coach at the College of Emporia in Emporia, Kansas for four seasons, from 1931 to 1934, compiling a record of 10–19–4.
Smith later coached football at Bridgeport High School in Bridgeport, Illinois. He owned the Lawrenceville Greenhouses, was chaired the Lawrence Country Housing authority, and was a board member of the Lawrence County Chamber of Commerce. Smith died on December 30, 1982, at his home in Lawrenceville, Illinois.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| College of Emporia Fighting Presbies (Central Intercollegiate Conference) (1931–1933) ||||||
| 1931 | College of Emporia | 2–6 | 1–5 | 7th |
| 1932 | College of Emporia | 2–5–1 | 2–3–1 | 4th |
| 1933 | College of Emporia | 4–3–2 | 1–3–2 | 6th |
| College of Emporia Fighting Presbies (Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference) (1934) ||||||
| 1934 | College of Emporia | 2–5–1 | 2–2–1 | 4th |
| College of Emporia: | College of Emporia: | 10–19–4 | 6–13–4 | |
| Total: | Total: | 10–19–4 | | |
# Iván Amaya

Iván Amaya Carazo (born 3 September 1978) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a central defender, currently manager of Racing Madrid FC.

## Club career

Born in Madrid, Amaya started his professional career at hometown's Rayo Vallecano, totalling 31 games with the first team in his first two seasons, the first of which was spent in the Segunda División with promotion. After that, he returned to the second tier but stayed in the city, joining Atlético Madrid for another couple of years and being rarely utilised.
After another unassuming La Liga spell with RCD Espanyol, Amaya appeared in 40 matches for Getafe CF in 2003–04, promoting to the top flight for the third time (a first-ever for Getafe). However, he featured very rarely the following campaign, returning to division two in January 2005 as he joined Ciudad de Murcia.
Amaya then spent two seasons in the second tier, with Elche CF. In July 2009 he was bought by Udinese Calcio, being immediately loaned back to Spain with lowly Granada CF; compatriot Óscar Pérez, who was also purchased by the Italians, made the same season-long move as seven other players, after the two sides' partnership agreement.
After helping the Andalusians to promote to the second division, Amaya's loan was renewed for 2010–11, but his contract with Granada was terminated on 26 August 2010. The next day, he was signed by Real Murcia of Segunda División B.

## International career

Amaya was selected by Spain for their 2000 Summer Olympics squad. He helped the national team to win silver in Sydney but, in the decisive match against Cameroon, scored an own goal to make it 2–1 for the Europeans (eventually 2–2) and also missed his penalty shootout attempt, in an eventual loss.

## Personal life

Amaya's younger brother, Antonio, was also a footballer – and a centre-back. He also represented local club Rayo.
The pair came from a Romani family.

## Honours

Spain U23
* Summer Olympic silver medal: 2000
# Broomgate drill hall, Lanark

The Broomgate drill hall is a former military installation in Lanark, Scotland.

## History

The property comprises two houses, one built in the 17th century and the other built in the 18th century which were combined to form a workhouse in the 19th century. During the first half of the 20th century the property served as the headquarters of the Lanarkshire Yeomanry. The property was subsequently converted back to residential use.
# My Goal's Beyond

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B |
| All About Jazz | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
My Goal's Beyond is the third solo album (after Extrapolation and Devotion) by guitarist John McLaughlin. The album was originally released in 1971 on Douglas Records in the US. It was later reissued by Douglas/Casablanca (1976), Elektra/Musician (1982), and in 1987 by Rykodisc on CD and LP.
This album marks the first chronological major stylistic change from McLaughlin, apart from his move to an acoustic guitar. The music is strongly influenced by music of India, and was dedicated to McLaughlin's spiritual leader, Indian guru Sri Chinmoy. Side one has two longer pieces for the whole band, including soprano saxophonist/flautist Dave Liebman, violinist Jerry Goodman and percussionists Airto and Badal Roy. Side two of the album features eight short compositions (five standards and three originals) played by McLaughlin on double-tracked acoustic guitars, with occasional punctuation on various cymbals by Billy Cobham.

## Track listing

Douglas – KZ 30766

## Personnel

* John McLaughlin – acoustic guitar
* Charlie Haden – double bass
* Jerry Goodman – violin
* Mahalakshmi (Eve McLaughlin) – tanpura (Indian drone instrument)
* Dave Liebman – flute, soprano saxophone
* Billy Cobham – drums
* Airto Moreira – percussion
* Badal Roy – tabla

## Charts

| Chart (1972) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 38 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 48 |
| US Billboard 200 | 194 |
| Chart (1982) | Peak position |
| US Top Jazz Albums (Billboard) | 34 |
# Dennis Hogan

Dennis P. Hogan is an American sociologist, currently the Robert E. Turner Distinguished Professor in Population at Brown University, and also a published author. From 1987 to 1995, he was the Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University. His highest cited paper is "The impact of social status, family structure, and neighborhood on the fertility of black adolescents" at 1102 times, according to Google Scholar as of April 2018.

## Publications

* "The transition to adulthood", DP Hogan, NM Astone, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 12:109-130, 1986.
* "The structure of intergenerational exchanges in American families", Dennis P. Hogan, David J. Eggebeen and Clifford C. Clogg, American Journal of Sociology, 98:6, 1993
* "Giving between generations in American families", David J. Eggebeen, Dennis P. Hogan, Human Nature, 1:3, 1990
* "The Variable Order of Events in the Life Course", Dennis P. Hogan, American Sociological Review, 43:4, 1978
* "Race, kin networks, and assistance to mother-headed families", DP Hogan, LX Hao, WL Parish, Social Forces, 68:3, pages 797-812, 1990
# Janne Stigen Drangsholt

Janne Stigen Drangsholt (born 1974) is a Norwegian philologist and novelist.
She grew up in Sandnes. As a philologist, she is a professor of English at the University of Stavanger since 2019.
More known as a novelist, she made her literary debut with Humlefangeren, published in 2011 on Tiden Norsk Forlag. She then started the series about professor and mother Ingrid Winter, also released on Tiden, initially with Ingrid Winters makeløse mismot (2015), Winter i verdens rikeste land (2016) and Winterkrigen (2018). The trilogy was expanded with Winterferie (2023). Writing for Store norske leksikon, Jakob Lothe characterizes her novels about Ingrid Winter as campus novels in the vein of Kingsley Amis.
Drangsholt was invited to NRK P1 where she co-hosted the Janne og Jostein-show. She also summarized literary classics in 4 minutes in the programme Utakt and published book with brief introductions to classics: Fra Shakespeare til Knausgård: 66 klassikere du naturligvis har lest (2020) and Fra Snorre til Skaranger: 66 norske klassikere du naturligvis har lest (2024). These books too were published by Tiden. She is also a subject editor in Store norske leksikon.
# Janos Sztipanovits

Janos Sztipanovits is an electrical engineer and computer scientist. He is the E. Bronson Ingram Distinguished Professor of Engineering at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Vanderbilt University. He is the founding director of the Institute for Software Integrated Systems at Vanderbilt.

## Research

Sztipanovits led the research group that created a novel area in computer engineering called Model Integrated Computing (MIC) in the 1990s well before other model-based approaches appeared in computer science. MIC applies metamodeling to define domain-specific modeling languages and to automatically configure the corresponding domain-specific visual modeling environment. The domain models then are used to automatically generate and/or configure the software of the modeled system. MIC and its primary software tool called Generic Modeling Environment (GME, a kind of MetaCASE tool) have been successfully applied to embedded software, car manufacturing and medical systems, among many other areas.
Sztipanovits was one of the key promoters of a new research direction called Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), which integrates physical systems with computational ("cyber") systems to provide novel capabilities. He is the Principal Investigator of a National Science Foundation initiative to create a web portal called CPS Virtual Organization (CPS VO) with the goal of facilitating interaction and information exchange among CPS researchers in academia, government and industry across a broad range of institutions, programs, disciplines and even countries.

## Awards

Before moving to the United States in 1983, Sztipanovits received a number of prestigious awards in Hungary, including the National Prize in 1985 and the Golden Ring of the Republic in 1982 for scientific and engineering achievements.
He received the Medal for Exceptional Public Service from the Office of the Secretary for Defense in 2002 and the Air Force Meritorious Civilian Service Award Medal and a Citation in 2010. He has been an external member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences since 2010. Sztipanovits is a Fellow of the IEEE.
In 2018, he became an honorary John von Neumann Professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics.
# Alana Bartol

Alana Bartol (born June 15, 1981, in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian artist currently based in Calgary and teaching at the Alberta University of the Arts. Alana's multidisciplinary practice involves aspects of performance, installation, video and bioart through site-responsive and community embedded practices. Her work explores topics of place, species, bodies, and care, and draws upon the divination practice of dowsing.
Bartol has been exhibited at Plug In Institute of Contemporary Art (Winnipeg), ARC Gallery (Chicago), Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit, Karsh-Masson Gallery (Ottawa), SIMULTAN Festival (Romania), Museo de la Ciudad (Guadalajara, Mexico), Access Gallery (Vancouver), InterAccess (Toronto), Media City Film Festival (Windsor, ON), Groupe Intervention Vidéo (Montréal) and TRUCK Gallery (Calgary) among others.
Alana is the recipient of grants from the Canada Council for the Arts, The City of Windsor and the Ontario Arts Council.

## Exhibitions

In September 2017 Bartol initiated the Orphan Well Adoption Agency, a project facilitating the symbolic adoption of abandoned oil and gas wells. The project was hosted by Truck Contemporary Art Gallery in 2017 in the form of a pop-up office space where gallery visitors could ask questions and file a symbolic adoption.