OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A5058 road

The A5058 road, known as Queens Drive for much of its length, is a major ring road in Liverpool. The eastern section of the A5058 connects Breeze Hill in Bootle at the intersection with the A59, with Aigburth Vale in Aigburth at the other end.
The road has been described as being the first ring road to be built in the country and was designed around the idea that future growth would require a substantial road, despite no development reaching the area around the road until many years later. The road played a crucial role in offering development opportunities during the early 20th century, at a time when slum housing was being cleared in Liverpool City Centre and land was sought for new housing.

## History
### Planning

Often described as the first ring road in Britain, planning had been in discussion since the 19th century, with a circular boulevard plan proposed in 1853 although ultimately it did not materialise. Construction of the road began in the early 20th century and was designed by civil engineer John Alexander Brodie. Initially conceived with tram tracks running along the centre of the road, it was ultimately decided that a dual-carriageway formation was necessary in order to handle the anticipated increased traffic volumes.

### Construction

The first section of road to be constructed was just to the east of the junction with the A59 road. Several existing roads, such as Black Horse Lane and Priory Road were incorporated into the new carriageway, some of which were realigned to fit with the plans, whilst new sections of road filled in the gaps. Extensive parts of the carriageway were planted with uniformly spaced out trees along lengthy sections, long before any planned built development in the surrounding area. The road played a significant role during the 1920s and 1930s, when new areas for housing development were required to rehouse people from slum clearances in the city centre.
# Mirimanoff's congruence

In number theory, a branch of mathematics, a Mirimanoff's congruence is one of a collection of expressions in modular arithmetic which, if they hold, entail the truth of Fermat's Last Theorem. Since the theorem has now been proven, these are now of mainly historical significance, though the Mirimanoff polynomials are interesting in their own right. The theorem is due to Dmitry Mirimanoff.

## Definition

The nth Mirimanoff polynomial for the prime p is
    $\phi _{n}(t)=1^{n-1}t+2^{n-1}t^{2}+...+(p-1)^{n-1}t^{p-1}.$
In terms of these polynomials, if t is one of the six values {-X/Y, -Y/X, -X/Z, -Z/X, -Y/Z, -Z/Y} where X$^p$+Y$^p$+Z$^p$=0 is a solution to Fermat's Last Theorem, then
* φ$_{p-1}$(t) ≡ 0 (mod p)
* φ$_{p-2}$(t)φ$_2$(t) ≡ 0 (mod p)
* φ$_{p-3}$(t)φ$_3$(t) ≡ 0 (mod p)
* φ$_{(p+1)/2}$(t)φ$_{(p-1)/2}$(t) ≡ 0 (mod p)

## Other congruences

Mirimanoff also proved the following:
* If an odd prime p does not divide one of the numerators of the Bernoulli numbers B$_{p-3}$, B$_{p-5}$, B$_{p-7}$ or B$_{p-9}$, then the first case of Fermat's Last Theorem, where p does not divide X, Y or Z in the equation X$^p$+Y$^p$+Z$^p$=0, holds.
* If the first case of Fermat's Last Theorem fails for the prime p, then 3$^{p-1}$ ≡ 1 (mod p$^2$). A prime number with this property is sometimes called a Mirimanoff prime, in analogy to a Wieferich prime which is a prime such that 2$^{p-1}$ ≡ 1 (mod p$^2$). The existence of primes satisfying such congruences was recognized long before their implications for the first case of Fermat's Last Theorem became apparent; but while the discovery of the first Wieferich prime came after these theoretical developments and was prompted by them, the first instance of a Mirimanoff prime is so small that it was already known before Mirimanoff formulated the connection to FLT in 1910, which fact may explain the reluctance of some writers to use the name. So early as his 1895 paper (p. 298), Mirimanoff alludes to a rather complicated test for the primes now known by his name, deriving from a formula published by Sylvester in 1861, which is of little computational value but great theoretical interest. This test was considerably simplified by Lerch (1905), p. 476, who showed that in general, for p > 3,
$3^{p-1}\equiv \left(-{\frac {2}{3}}\cdot \left\{1+{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{4}}+\ldots +\left\lfloor p/3\right\rfloor ^{-1}\right\}\right)p+1{\pmod {p^{2}}}$
so that a prime possesses the Mirimanoff property if it divides the expression within the curly braces. The condition was further refined in an important paper by Emma Lehmer (1938), in which she considered the intriguing and still unanswered question of whether it is possible for a number to satisfy the congruences of Wieferich and Mirimanoff simultaneously. To date, the only known Mirimanoff primes are 11 and 1006003 (sequence A014127 in the OEIS). The discovery of the second of these appears to be due to K.E. Kloss (1965).
# Instow, Saskatchewan

Instow is an unincorporated community within the Rural Municipality of Bone Creek No. 108, Saskatchewan, Canada. The community is on Highway 13 also known as the historic Red Coat Trail, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of the town of Shaunavon.

## Demographics

Instow, like so many other small farming communities throughout Saskatchewan, has struggled to maintain a sturdy population causing Instow to become a complete ghost town with few to no residents. Prior to January 1, 2002, Instow was incorporated under village status, but was dissolved into an unincorporated community under the jurisdiction of the Rural municipality of Bone Creek on that date.
In 2006, Instow had a population of 1 living in 1 dwellings, a 0% decrease from 2001. The village had a land area of 0 km$^2$ (0 sq mi) and a population density of 0/km$^2$ (0/sq mi).

## History
### Early years

Instow was once a small community founded in 1914 with the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. C. Herbert, the first post master and founder of the small community, decided to name it after the small town of Instow, England, where he was originally from. During Instow's boom years in 1923 the town grew to a peak of 60 citizens and was incorporated to village status. After incorporation, streetlights were installed throughout the village, and a well, sidewalks, a skating rink, a seven-metre snow slide for winter sports and a ball diamond were built. The village even had a its very own fire engine, two general stores, a restaurant, a bank, a livery barn, a lumberyard, a community hall, an implement agency, a post office, a garage, a telephone office, a blacksmith, a pool hall, and a total of five grain elevators.

### Decline

In 1951 Instow's Village Council decided it would be best for the village to dissolve into an unincorporated community due to the rapid decline in its population. The community was struck once again with the closure of the post office in 1963. Over time many of the buildings in Instow have either been moved, demolished or simply rotted away, leaving very little to nothing of the community remaining.
# International GTSprint Series

The International GTSprint Series was a grand tourer-style sports car racing founded in 2010 by FG Group, led by Maurizio Flammini, and afterwards by Superstars World of Racing SpA, a company managed by the same group. The series born under the name of Superstars GTSprint and took the current name the following year, and was canceled before the 2014 season due to lack of entries.

## History

The series born in 2010, as a support for the International Superstars Series, under the name of Superstars GTSprint. 23 cars raced the first round in Monza, and during the season the number of entries wandered around 17-18. Alessandro Bonetti and Maurizio Mediani won the title driving a Ferrari F430.
In 2011, the series obtained an international titration, with a consistent increase of participants. The following year, International Trophies for GTS-Cup and GTS-Open classes were created, but the cars on the grid fell dramatically and before the beginning of the 2014 season the series was finally folded. Thomas Schöffler was the last overall champion.

## Format

Since its birth, the series was focused on sprint races, as the name implies. There were two races for each weekend, consisting of twenty-five minutes + 1 lap. In 2012, the format changed into two races of thirty minutes, subsequently extended to one hour in 2013 with a mandatory pit stop in order to change the driver.

## Technical regulations

The series was open to grand tourer-style cars, broken into different classes based on power and weight. GTS-2, GTS-3 and GT4 classes were allowed respectively to the cars obeying their FIA regulations; GTS-Cup included cars used in manufacturer's one-make cup series; GT4-S was a subject of GT4 class and GTS-Open was open to grand tourer cars without precise regulations.

## Sporting regulations

The scoring system was the same of International Superstars Series. Since 2012, an additional point was awarded to every driver in the starting grid of each race, which became two in 2013, with one point awarded as a "qualification point".
| Position | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | Pole | Fastest Lap |
| Points | 20 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

## Champions
### Overall champions

| Season | Drivers Champion | Team Champion |
| 2010 | Alessandro Bonetti Maurizio Mediani | AF Corse |
| 2011 | Gaetano Ardagna Giuseppe Cirò | AF Corse |
| 2012 | Andrea Palma | Black Team |
| 2013 | Thomas Schöffler | Ferrari Motor Ukraine |

### Class champions

| Season | GTS-2 Champion | GTS-3 Champion | GTS-Cup Champion | GTS-Open Champion | GT4 Champion | GT4-S Champion |
| 2010 | Alessandro Bonetti Maurizio Mediani | Carlo Graziani | Thomas Kemenater | Maurizio Ardigò | Gabriele Marotta | Gianni Giudici |
| 2011 | Matteo Cressoni | Nicola Cadei Fabio Mancini | Antonio de la Reina Steven Goldstein | Not held | Not held | Not held |
| 2012 | Andrea Palma | Mario Cordoni | Steven Goldstein | Ennio Ricci Angelo Schiatti | Not held | Not held |
| 2013 | Alexander Talkanitsa Alexander Talkanitsa, Jr. | Thomas Schöffler | Antonio de la Reina Steven Goldstein | Miroslav Konôpka | Not held | Not held |
# International Game Developers Conference

The term International Game Developers Conference could mean:
* Game Developers Conference, an industry-only event started in 1988, held in northern California, with ties to the IGDA (International Game Developers Association)
* Games Convention, an open-to-the-public tradeshow held in Leipzig, Germany, which as part of its activities has a smaller game developer conference called the International Games Developer Conference
# Mitchell M. Duchich

Mitchell M. Duchich (aka Mihailo Duchich) (1882–1960) was the founder of the Clover Leaf Dairy Company. Built in 1908, it was one of the earliest dairies in Gary, Indiana, as well as one of the largest employers there at that time. Actor Karl Malden's father worked there as a milkman.
As president of the Serbian National Defense Council of America, Duchich met with president Harry S. Truman in the early 1950s. Known as a philanthropist, Duchich also funded a scholarship program allowing American youth of Serbian origin to attend college.
# International School of American Archeology and Ethnology in Mexico

The International School of American Archeology and Ethnology (Escuela Internacional de Arqueología y Etnología Americana) was established in 1910 to promote scientific research relating to the archeology and ethnology of Mexico and adjoining countries. Initial support came from five patrons, each to support the school and provide a director for a one-year period. These were: The Prussian Government; Columbia University; Harvard University; University of Pennsylvania; and The Government of the United States of Mexico. The French Government was also involved in the discussions, but did not take up its place as a patron. The main preparatory work in setting up the school was carried out by Franz Boas, Ezequiel Chávez, and Eduard Seler. The aims of the school were both to conduct original research and to train a new generation of Mexican researchers.

## History

The school only operated for four years before closing in the chaos of the Mexican Revolution in 1914. The last director Alfred Tozzer had to leave in May of that year. Despite its short life a considerable amount of work was carried out. This is listed in summary of the work of the school published in 1915. The work included stratigraphic analysis of sites in the Valley of Mexico, in particular of Azcapotzalco by Manuel Gamio, allowing a sequence of civilizations in the same areas to be established; linguistic analysis, focusing on dialects that were in danger of disappearing; and work on folk-lore conducted by Isabel Ramírez Castañeda.
The directors of the school were:
* 1910-1911 Eduard Seler
* 1911-1912 Franz Boas
* 1912-1913 Jorge Engerrand
* 1913-1914 Alfred Tozzer
# International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance

The International Center for Education in Islamic Finance (INCEIF) UNIVERSITY is a Malaysian Islamic university established in 2005 by Bank Negara Malaysia (Central Bank of Malaysia) in human capital for the Islamic finance industry. Commonly known as the Global University of Islamic Finance.
In August 2007, the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia granted INCEIF university status. In February 2009, Bank Negara Malaysia Governor Tan Sri Dato' Sri Dr. Zeti Akhtar Aziz was officially proclaimed as the first Chancellor of INCEIF. The proclamations were made during the first convocation in 2009, marking the graduation of the first batch of graduates who completed the Chartered Islamic Finance Professional (CIFP) program.

## Partnerships

Partnerships of INCEIF as of January 2014:

### Malaysia

* Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (UNIRAZAK)
* Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UNISZA)
* BNP Paribas
* Prudential BSN Takaful Berhad
* OCBC Al-Amin
* Hay Group

### International

* Islamic Financial Services Board
* Islamic Development Bank
* World Bank
* University of Reading (UK)
* University of East London (UK)
* Kuwait Finance Research Ltd (Kuwait)
* Capital Market Licensing & Training Agency (Turkey)
* Capital Market Board of Turkey (Turkey)
* Istanbul Sehir University (Turkey)
* University International of Rabat (Morocco)
* CESAG (Senegal)
* Kenya School of Monetary Studies (Kenya)
* College of Banking and Financial Studies (Oman)
# DXAK-FM

DXAK (99.9 FM), broadcasting as 99.9 Bio Radio, is a radio station in the Philippines owned and operated by Karaga Biodiversity Linkages (KABILIN). Its studio and transmitter are located inside the Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology campus, Bunawan.
# AH30

Asian Highway 30 (or AH30) is a route located in Russia, running 2,785 kilometres (1,731 mi) from Ussuriysk, Primorsky Krai to Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai. The Khabarovsk to Chita section of route is called the Amur Highway, named after the adjacent Amur river.

## Route

* A 370: Ussuriysk - Khabarovsk 641 km (398 mi)
* R 297: Khabarovsk - Birobidzhan - Arkhara - Svobodny - Never - Chita 2,144 km (1,332 mi)

## Junctions

    AH6 near Ussuriysk
    AH31 near Belogorsk
    AH6 near Chita
# AKS-452

AKS-452 is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Akston Biosciences.
# Dabbagh

Dabbagh, al-Dabbagh or Aldabbagh is an Arabic surname that may refer to the following notable people:
* Bahram Dabbagh (born 1992), Iranian football midfielder
* Khalil Dabbagh (اللواء خليل جاسم الدباغ 1916), Iraqi military officer
* Oday Dabbagh (born 1998), Palestinian football forward
* Selma Dabbagh (born 1970),a British-Palestinian writer
* Wafa Dabbagh (died 2012), Canadian military officer
* Ali Aldabbagh (born 1955), Iraqi engineer, businessman and politician
* Amr Al-Dabbagh (born 1966), Saudi businessman
* Muhammad ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Dabbagh (1928–2008), Moroccan jurisprudent and writer
* Salim al-Dabbagh (born 1941), Iraqi painter
* Yasmeen Al-Dabbagh (born 1997), Saudi Arabian sprinter
# DZST (Manila)

DZST (860 kHz) was an AM radio station owned and operated by the University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines. It also served both as a campus station and as a Catholic station.
The station was housed in the Main Building of the campus and broadcast from 1950 to 1969. The frequency was later reassigned to the newly-established Radyo Veritas as its inaugural frequency, prior to the realignment of AM broadcast frequencies under the 9kHz spacing rule.

## UST Tiger Radio

Tiger Media Network (TMN) was established in 2018 by the university's Communications Bureau, serving as the successor of DZST.
TMN focuses on production and distribution of content by and for the Thomasian community. The network is operated by student volunteers who are passionate about multimedia storytelling, providing a platform for future media professionals to develop their skills.
TMN operates two main stations serving the entire campus: Tiger TV and Tiger Radio. TMN would later become its own entity as the Tomasian Cable Television (TOMCAT).
Tiger Radio was established in the late 2000s; it would later become part of TMN upon the 2018 formation. It serves as the official campus station of the UST community, which was formerly served by the defunct DZST.
UST Tiger Radio originates from the Educational Technology Center on the 12th floor of the Buenaventura Garcia Paredes, O.P. building within the university campus. The station operates online via web streaming from Monday to Friday, except during semester breaks.
# DARPA Agent Markup Language

The DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML) was the name of a US funding program at the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) started in 1999 by then-Program Manager James Hendler, and later run by Murray Burke, Mark Greaves and Michael Pagels. The program focused on the creation of machine-readable representations for the Web.
One of the Investigators working on the program was Tim Berners-Lee. Working with the program managers and other participants, Tim helped shape the effort to create technologies and demonstrations for what is now called the Semantic Web, leading in turn to the growth of knowledge graph technology.
A primary outcome of the DAML program was the DAML language, an agent markup language based on RDF. This language was followed by an extension entitled DAML+OIL which included researchers outside of the DARPA program in the design. The 2002 submission of the DAML+OIL language to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) captures the work done by DAML contractors and the EU/U.S. ad hoc Joint Committee on Agent Markup Languages. This submission was the starting point for the language (later called OWL) to be developed by W3C's web ontology working group, WebOnt.
DAML+OIL was a syntax, layered on RDF and XML, that could be used to describe sets of facts making up an ontology.
DAML+OIL had its roots in three main languages - DAML, as described above, OIL (Ontology Inference Layer) and SHOE, an earlier US research project.
A major innovation of the languages was to use RDF and XML for a basis, and to use RDF namespaces to organize and assist with the integration of arbitrarily many different and incompatible ontologies.
Articulation ontologies can link these competing ontologies through codification of analogous subsets in a neutral point of view, as is done in the Wikipedia.
Current ontology research derived in part from DAML is leading toward the expression of ontologies and rules for reasoning and action.
Much of the work in DAML has now been incorporated into RDF Schema, the OWL and their successor languages and technologies including schema.org
# DVB-S

Digital Video Broadcasting – Satellite (DVB-S) is the original DVB standard for satellite television and dates from 1995, in its first release, while development lasted from 1993 to 1997. The first commercial applications were by Canal+ in France and Galaxy in Australia, enabling digitally broadcast, satellite-delivered television to the public. According to ETSI,
   DVB-S was the first DVB standard for satellite, defining the framing structure, channel coding and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services.
It is used via satellites serving every continent of the world. DVB-S is used in both multiple channel per carrier (MCPC) and single channel per carrier modes for broadcast network feeds as well as for direct-broadcast satellite services like Sky UK and Ireland via Astra in Europe, Dish Network and Globecast in the U.S. and Bell Satellite TV in Canada.
While the actual DVB-S standard only specifies physical link characteristics and framing, the overlaid transport stream delivered by DVB-S is mandated as MPEG-2, known as MPEG transport stream (MPEG-TS).
Some amateur television repeaters also use this mode in the 1.2 GHz amateur band.

## General references

* "Specifications". DVB. 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
* Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services (PDF) (European Standard). Telecommunications. Valbonne, France: European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). 1997. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
# Da Hinggan–Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests

The Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0505) covers the Greater Khingan Mountains of Northeast China, and across the border north into the Russian Far East where it follows the mountain ridge for another 500 km to the east. The mountain forests exhibit a floral community called "Daurian flora", a combination of the Siberian taiga to the north and the Manchurian floral types to the south. The eastern slopes are steep and drained by many rivers, the western slopes are gentler, and there are grasslands on some slopes. The ecoregion is in the Palearctic realm, with a subarctic climate. It covers 35,199,998 km$^2$ (13,590,795 sq mi).

## Location and description

The ecoregion covers the Greater Khingan mountains in Northeast China and crosses the Amur River north into the Dzhagdy in Russia. In China, this is in the northern parts of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province. In Russia, most of the region is in Amur Oblast.

## Climate

Because of its altitude and distance from the ocean, the ecoregion has a Subarctic climate, dry winter (Köppen climate classification Subarctic climate (Dwc)). This climate is characterized by mild summers (only 1-3 months above 10 °C (50.0 °F)) and cold winters having monthly precipitation less than one-tenth of the wettest summer month. These climate regions tend to be found at higher elevations in the middle of continents, with wide differences between day and night temperatures.

## Flora and fauna

Because the ecoregion forms a transition zone between northern (Siberian) taiga and southern (Manchurian) flora types, it features examples of both - approximately two-thirds of the 1,200 local species of vascular plants are Siberian, the other third Manchurian, Daurian and Mongolian. This combination of floral communities is sometimes referred to as "Daurian flora". The dominant trees are Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii), with pine and spruce stands. Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica), hazel, alder, birch, poplars and elms also can be found at lower elevation. The area is one of the few remaining large tracts of forest in China, but was also the scene of the largest forest fire in modern Chinese history (over 1 million hectares in 1987).

## Protections

The federally protected areas in the region are:
* Nora Nature Reserve ("Norsky"). An IUCN class Ia "strict ecological reserve" (a Zapovednik) located in the northwest section of the ecoregion, north of the Russia-China border. Nora is representative of the northeastern part of the Amur-Zeya lowland plain between the Nora River and the Selemdzha River. The reserve is half forested, and half bogs. (Area: 211,168 km2).
* Zeya Nature Reserve ("Zeysky"). An IUCN class Ia "strict ecological reserve" (a Zapovednik) located in the north-central section of the ecoregion, in the mountainous headwaters of the Zeya River. The area is heavily forested, mostly with larch and Mongolian oak. (Area: 99,390 km2).