# Deposit insurance national bank

A deposit insurance national bank (DINB, /ˈdɪnbi/ DIN-bee) is a temporary bank in the United States that is established by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the wake of a bank failure under the Banking Acts of 1933 and 1935.

## Characteristics

DINBs are chartered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Upon creation, the bank assumes the failed bank's insured deposits and temporarily provides banking services to customers. A DINB's powers are narrowly limited to servicing the insured deposits of a failed bank; it cannot acquire assets from the failed bank, as a bridge bank can, nor can it accept uninsured deposits, unless it is the only depository institution in its community.
The bank is managed by an executive officer appointed by the FDIC. A DINB is not required to have paid-in capital stock, has no board of directors, and is not required to own stock in a Federal Reserve Bank. Otherwise it conforms to the National Bank Act and other laws relevant to national banks.
A DINB can operate for up to two years. It can be acquired by another bank in its community, raise capital to become a permanent bank, or wind down and transfer its obligations to the FDIC.

## History

DINBs were initially the only way that the FDIC could resolve a failed institution. The first DINB was the Deposit Insurance National Bank of East Peoria, created when Fond Du Lac State Bank was closed by Illinois regulators on May 26, 1934. Under this original deposit insurance system, the FDIC assumed receivership of nine insured banks and paid off their deposits through DINBs.
After the Banking Act of 1935 permitted the FDIC to pay out depositors without establishing a DINB, use of this resolution method largely ceased, except for cases where a bank failed in an area with only limited banking services or where a prompt pay-out was not possible. For example, 1975 saw failures of Swope Parkway National Bank, a Black-owned business serving the local Black community, and The Peoples Bank of the Virgin Islands, which was the only locally owned institution in the U.S. Virgin Islands; a DINB was created for each in hopes of giving the community time to establish a replacement institution. Only five DINBs were created by the FDIC between 1935 and 1998.
Initially, the FDIC responded to the 2023 collapse of Silicon Valley Bank by forming a Deposit Insurance National Bank of Santa Clara because no institution was immediately willing to assume its substantial uninsured deposits. After the Treasury granted an exception to cover the uninsured deposits, the DINB was replaced with a bridge bank named Silicon Valley Bridge Bank, N.A.

## List of deposit insurance national banks

Deposit insurance national banks under the 1933 Banking Act :
| Year | Failed bank | DINB | Headquarters |
| 1934 | Fond Du Lac State Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of East Peoria | East Peoria, Illinois |
| 1934 | Bank of America Trust Co. | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh |
| 1934 | The First National Bank of Lima | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Lima | Lima, Montana |
| 1934 | The Florence Deposit Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Florence | Florence, Indiana |
| 1934 | Bank of Lewisport | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Lewisport | Lewisport, Kentucky |
| 1934 | Farmers & Traders Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Porterfield | Porterfield, Wisconsin |
| 1934 | The Pickens County Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Jasper | Jasper, Georgia |
| 1934 | The State Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Sauk City | Sauk City, Wisconsin |
| 1934 | Farmers State Bank of Bongards | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Bongards | Bongards, Minnesota |
Deposit insurance national banks under the Banking Act of 1935 :
| Year | Failed bank | DINB | Headquarters |
| 1935 | The Commercial National Bank of Bradford | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Bradford | Bradford, Pennsylvania |
| 1964 | First State Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Dell City | Dell City, Texas |
| 1964 | Crown Savings Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Newport News | Newport News, Virginia |
| 1975 | Swope Parkway National Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Kansas City | Kansas City, Missouri |
| 1975 | The Peoples Bank of the Virgin Islands | Deposit Insurance National Bank of the Virgin Islands | Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands |
| 1982 | Penn Square Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Oklahoma City | Oklahoma City |
| 2009 | New Frontier Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Greeley | Greeley, Colorado |
| 2009 | Community Bank of Nevada | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Las Vegas | Las Vegas |
| 2009 | Citizens State Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of New Baltimore | New Baltimore, Michigan |
| 2010 | Barnes Banking Company | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Kaysville | Kaysville, Utah |
| 2010 | Waterfield Bank | Waterfield Bank, FA | Germantown, Maryland |
| 2011 | Enterprise Banking Company | Deposit Insurance National Bank of McDonough | McDonough, Georgia |
| 2011 | FirsTier Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Louisville | Louisville, Colorado |
| 2012 | Bank of the Eastern Shore | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Eastern Shore | Cambridge, Maryland |
| 2023 | Silicon Valley Bank | Deposit Insurance National Bank of Santa Clara | Santa Clara, California |