OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gentile Reform

The Gentile Reform of 1923 was a reform of the Italian educational system through a series of normative acts (royal legislative decrees of 31 December 1922, n. 1679, 16 July 1923, n. 1753, 6 May 1923, n. 1054, 30 September 1923, n. 2102 and 1 October 1923, n. 2185), by the neo-idealist philosopher Giovanni Gentile, minister of education in Benito Mussolini's first cabinet. It officially recognized 21 universities in Italy.

## Results

* The compulsory age of education was raised to 10 years (only elementary education), and was somewhat based on a ladder system: after the first five years of primary instruction, one could choose the scuola media, which would give further access to the "liceo" and other secondary instruction, or the avviamento al lavoro, which was intended to give a quick entry into the low strata of the workforce.
* Gentile created the liceo classico (intended to be the peak of secondary education, with the goal of forming the future upper classes), the only secondary school that gave access to all types of university. Gentile also created technical, commercial and industrial institutes.
* Philosophy became the most important matter of teaching in the Italian liceo classico. Philosophy courses were given in its last three years. According to the actual idealism, the teaching of history and of philosophy began to be covered by a unique common professor. Similarly, it was instituted a unique five-years laurea in history and philosophy, intended as two disciplines linked in a hermeneutic circle. The Gentile reform abolished any curriculum and syllabus defined by the Italian government at a national level, giving a full freedom of education to the philosophy teachers. The secondary school Matura started to be regulated by a national exam program to which any scholastic institute should be compliant. Scholastic manuals were substituted by a lecture and critical debate on the Latin and ancient Greek philosophical texts. Philosophy acquired an ancillary role above all the other teaching matters of the Italian liceo classico. It was not intended as a set of contents in terms of historical notions, authors and works, but as a discipline capable to educate scholars to use the reason and their free-thinking, to develop a critical and systematic spirit which could enable them to order, unify and practically derive all their knowledge from a unitarian principle. Philosophy was identified as the principal trait of the Italian national identity and spirit, as well as a form of thought centered on the teacher, typically a male who practically lived and exchanged his mental habit along with his scholars. Gentile's concerns on the philosophy teaching were expressed in the writings titled L'insegnamento della filosofia nei licei (1901), Per l'insegnamento della storia della filosofia (1916) and Difesa della filosofia (1921).
* Instruction in languages other than Italian was abolished, which affected mainly the German language schools in South Tyrol, and Slovene and Croatian language schools in the Julian March.
# Arosæte

The Arosæte were an Anglo-Saxon tribe that lived in the Kingdom of Mercia. According to the historian D. P. Kirby, the Arosæte territory (valued at 600 hides by the Tribal Hidage) probably followed the valleys of the two River Arrows, the Worcestershire Arrow which stretches from south Warwickshire to Worcestershire and the Herefordshire Arrow in Herefordshire and Powys. With the Weorgoran to the southwest, and other tribes to the north and east, their territory is considered to have been close to Droitwich.
# Harvest House International Church

Harvest House International Church, often abbreviated to 'HHI Church', is a Unitarian church founded in 1995, and currently based out of Johannesburg, South Africa. According to the Global Civil Society Database, the church's aim is to "Take the nations for Christ Jesus, preaching the Gospel with signs and wonders following, bringing life and healing to the lost, wounded, lonely, rejected and downtrodden". According to the church, they have nearly 7000 members and 716 churches.

## History

The HHI Church was founded in 1995 in the city of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It was founded by Dr. Colin Nyathi and Dr. Sarah Nyathi, who became the first bishops of the church. Originally, the Nyathis based services out of their living room, attracting less than 10 people in their first service. Ever since the creation of the church, their membership has increased dramatically, with the church now practicing in 14 nations. This was fueled by the financial instability in Zimbabwe, which fueled the internationalization of the church.

## Church Leadership

Colin and Sarah Nyathi still lead the church as the Senior Pastors. The church streams the services to the TV channel Open Heavens, and has a music ministry called Harvest Music. Sarah leads Maximized Lifestyle International, an arm of the church that helps women gain self-sufficiency and focusing on spirituality.

## HHI School of Ministry

The School of Ministry offers courses as follows:
* Certificate in Biblical Studies
* Diploma in Biblical Studies
* Higher Diploma in Pastoral Studies
* Higher Diploma in Prophetic Studies
* Higher Diploma in Apostolic Studies
* Higher Diploma in Ministerial Excellence
Since the inception of the school in the early 2000s, more than 7000 people have graduated from the school. At some stage, more than 1000 students had enrolled in this school in one year in the city of Bulawayo. Sister schools have been established in most of the churches around the world. The Zimbabwean School is affiliated to The Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education and Good Shepherd Ministries, US.
# Dharumar

Dharumar (c. 11th to 13th century CE) was a Tamil poet, scholar, and commentator known for his commentary on the Thirukkural. He was among the canon of Ten Medieval Commentators of the Kural text most highly esteemed by modern scholars. His work, however, has been lost along with other four ancient commentators, namely, Dhamatthar, Nacchar, Thirumalaiyar, and Mallar. He was also one of the three ancient commentators of the Naladiyar.

## Biography

There is not much known about Dharumar. Dharumar is believed to have lived around 11th to 13th century CE. Apart from the Tirukkural, Dharumar has also written commentary to Naladiyar.
# Houtaud

Houtaud (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Countess of Oxford

Countess of Oxford may refer to:
* Agnes of Essex, Countess of Oxford (c. 1151–1212)
* Isabel de Bolebec, Countess of Oxford (c. 1164–1245)
* Maud de Badlesmere, Countess of Oxford (1310–1366)
* Maud de Ufford, Countess of Oxford (1345/1346–1413)
* Philippa de Coucy, Countess of Oxford (1367–1411)
* Elizabeth Trussell, Countess of Oxford (1496–1527)
* Margery Golding (1526–1568)
* Anne Cecil, Countess of Oxford (1556–1588)
* Elizabeth Trentham, Countess of Oxford (d. 1612)
* Henrietta Harley, Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer (1694–1755)
* Jane Harley, Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer (1774–1824)
* Margot Asquith, Countess of Oxford and Asquith (1864–1945)
* Clare Asquith (b. 1951)
# Aleksandr Filippov (philosopher)

Aleksandr Pavlovich Filippov (born 1891) was a Russian philosopher.
Filippov completed his training for the law at the University of Kharkiv in 1913. He then devoted four years to the study of natural sciences at that university. He held a research fellowship in European culture at the university and worked as a scientific fellow of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
In 1942 Filippov was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the University of Kharkiv. A year later he became Professor of Sociology at Charles University in Prague. From 1945 to 1952 he lived in Munich. There, in addition to working as a consultant for the Harvard University Refugee Interview Project he was chairman of the editorial committee of the Institute for the Study of the History and Institutions of the USSR.
Filippov published extensively on psychology, philosophy and Bolshevik theory and practice.
# Knowledge Interchange Format

Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) is a computer language designed to enable systems to share and re-use information from knowledge-based systems. KIF is similar to frame languages such as KL-One and LOOM but unlike such language its primary role is not intended as a framework for the expression or use of knowledge but rather for the interchange of knowledge between systems. The designers of KIF likened it to PostScript. PostScript was not designed primarily as a language to store and manipulate documents but rather as an interchange format for systems and devices to share documents. In the same way KIF is meant to facilitate sharing of knowledge across different systems that use different languages, formalisms, platforms, etc.
KIF has a declarative semantics. It is meant to describe facts about the world rather than processes or procedures. Knowledge can be described as objects, functions, relations, and rules. It is a formal language, i.e., it can express arbitrary statements in first order logic and can support reasoners that can prove the consistency of a set of KIF statements. KIF also supports non-monotonic reasoning. KIF was created by Michael Genesereth, Richard Fikes and others participating in the DARPA knowledge sharing Effort.
Although the original KIF group intended to submit to a formal standards body, that did not occur. A later version called Common Logic has since been developed for submission to ISO and has been approved and published. A variant called SUO-KIF is the language in which the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology is written.
A practical application of the Knowledge interchange format is an agent communication language in a multi-agent system.
# Geoforecasting

Geoforecasting is the science of predicting the movement of tectonic plates and the future climate, shape, and other geological elements of the planet.
Geoforecasting is particularly important in the siting of depositories for radioactive materials. It also is useful in other areas with long term management issues such as water management.
# Giuseppe Antonio Brescianello

Giuseppe Antonio Brescianello (also Bressonelli; ca. 1690, Bologna – 4 October 1758, Stuttgart) was an Italian Baroque composer and violinist.
Brescianello's name is mentioned for the first time in a document from 1715 by which Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria conferred on him an appointment as violinist in the court orchestra in Munich. Soon after, in 1716, following the death of Johann Christoph Pez, Brescianello was given a post at the court in Stuttgart of Eberhard Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg, as director of music and maître des concerts de la chambre. In 1717, came an appointment there as Hofkapellmeister. Around 1718, he composed the pastorale opera La Tisbe, which he dedicated to the Archduke in the vain hope that it would be listed at the Stuttgart theatre. In the years from 1719 to 1721 there arose a fierce conflict when Reinhard Keiser launched repeated attempts to obtain Brescianello's post. Brescianello survived and in 1731 even became Oberkapellmeister. However, but a few years later still, in 1737, a troubled period in the finances of the court led to the dissolution of the opera staff and Brescianello lost his position. Subsequently he dedicated himself largely to composition and this resulted in his 12 concerti e sinphonie op. 1 and some time later the 18 Pieces for gallichone (gallichone here means mandora, a type of lute). In 1744, the court's financial situation improved and Brescianello was reappointed Oberkapellmeister by Duke Karl Eugen, in consideration of "his special knowledge of music and excellent skills". He was to lead the court and opera music until he was granted a pension in the period between 1751 and 1755. His successors were Ignaz Holzbauer and then Niccolò Jommelli.

## List of selected works

* 12 concerti e sinphonie op. 1 (Amsterdam, 1738)
* I concerti a 3
* About 15 trio sonatas in various arrangements
* 18 Pieces for gallichon
* Sinfonia a 4
* various sinfonias concertanti and concertos
* La Tisbe (Opera pastorale), 1717–18
* Missa solenne (four voices)
* 2 cantatas Sequir fera che fugge and Core amante di perche

### Selected recordings

* Tisbe Nina Bernsteiner, Flavio Ferri-Benedetti, Julius Pfeifer, Matteo Bellotto, Jörg Halubek, l Gusto Barocco CPO 2014
* Behind Closed Doors, Brescianello Vol. 1 Adrian Chandler, La Serenissima, SIGCD693
* Unlocked, Brescianello Vol. 2 Adrian Chandler, La Serenissima, SIGCD767
# Jeh language

Jeh (also spelled Die, Gie, Yaeh) is a language spoken by more than fifteen thousand people in Vietnam. There are also several thousand speakers in the Laotian provinces of Xekong and Attapu.

## Sample Text

Few written texts of the Jeh language exist online, but in 2023, the John 3:16 project sent researchers to Jeh and translated John 3:16 into the Jeh language.
ພະເຢໂອວາວ໊າໂລກມໍ໊ໄຢ ອັນໂດ໊ກອນອັນໂກ໊ເນົາ ອັນຫງາຕາມຢີ໊ມັງອັນ(ກອນຄຼໍ) ແດ໊ຈິ໊ດ ອັນເຢງຊີວິດອະມະຕະ(ແທນ) ໂຢ​ຮັນ 3:16
# Close to a World Below

Close to a World Below is the fourth album by Immolation. It was released via Metal Blade Records in 2000.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Metal Storm | 9.7/10 |

### Critical reception

Since its release, Close to a World Below has received universal acclaim. Todd Nief of AllMusic gave the Close to a World Below four and a half stars, calling the album a late-career classic. He stated that with Close to a World Below, Immolation released one of the most profound and creative death metal albums of the 2000s which gave a new voice to a genre deluged with cookie-cutter clones. Metal Storm gave Close to a World Below a near-perfect 9.7 out of 10 praising Ross Dolan's vocals along with the overall brutality of the album.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Ross Dolan; all music is composed by Robert Vigna

## Personnel
### Immolation

* Ross Dolan – bass guitar, vocals
* Robert Vigna – guitar
* Thomas Wilkinson – guitar
* Alex Hernandez – drums

### Production

* Paul Orofino – production, engineering, mastering
* Immolation – production

### Visual art

* Jeff Wolfe – photography
* Andreas & Alex Marschall – cover art
# Knob mudalia

The knob mudalia, scientific name Leptoxis minor, is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.
This species is endemic to the United States.
# Aguna (butterfly)

Aguna is a genus of Neotropical skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae (Eudaminae).

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Aguna:
* Aguna albistria (Plötz, 1880)
** A. albistria albistria (Mabille, 1888) – Brazil
** A. albistria leucogramma (Mabille, 1888) – southeast Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela (Suriname?)
* Aguna asander (Hewitson, 1867) – gold-spotted aguna – type locality Brazil
** A. asander asander (Hewitson, 1867) – southern U.S. (as stray) to Argentina
** A. asander haitensis (Mabille & Boullet, 1912) – Cuba and Hispaniola
** A. asander jasper Evans, 1952 – Jamaica
* Aguna aurunce Hewitson, 1867 – type locality Brazil
** A. aurunce aurunce (Plötz, 1880)
** A. aurunce hypozonius (Plötz, 1880) – south east Mexico to Venezuela
* Aguna camagura (R. Williams, 1926) – type locality Brazil
* Aguna cirrus Evans, 1952 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna claxon Evans, 1952 – emerald aguna – Cuba, southern Texas to Colombia and Suriname
* Aguna clina Evans, 1952 – type locality Colombia
* Aguna coeloides Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil
* Aguna coelus (Stoll, 1781) – Stoll's aguna – Costa Rica and Panama to Peru and central Brazil
* Aguna ganna (Möschler, 1879) – Ganna aguna – Costa Rica to Colombia and Venezuela
* Aguna glaphyrus (Mabille, 1888) – type locality Brazil
* Aguna latifascia Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Ecuador
* Aguna latimacula Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna longicauda Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna megaeles (Mabille, 1888)
** A. megaeles malia Evans, 1952 – type locality Venezuela
** A. megaeles megaeles (Mabille, 1888) – type locality Brazil
* Aguna mesodentata Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna metophis (Latreille, [1824]) – long-tailed aguna – south Texas to south Brazil
* Aguna nicolayi Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna panama Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – Panamanian aguna – Honduras to Venezuela
* Aguna parva Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna penicillata Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna prasinus Siewert, Leviski, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2015
* Aguna similis Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna spatulata Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna spicata Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna squamalba Austin & O. Mielke, 1998 – type locality Brazil
* Aguna venezuelae O. Mielke, 1971 – type locality Venezuela
# Iidamachi Station

Iidamachi Station (飯田町駅, Iidamachi-eki) was a railway station on the Chūō Main Line located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
Iidamachi Station was operated by Kōbu Railway, Japanese Government Railways, Japanese National Railways and Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight). Its location was 0.5 km from Suidōbashi Station and 0.4 km from Iidabashi Station.
The station was built in 1895 as the terminal of the Kōbu Railway, a predecessor of the present Chūō Main Line. It ceased to serve passengers in 1933, but continued to serve freight until 1997.
After the closure, the site of the station was redeveloped and became a business district named I-Garden Air. One of the buildings in the area formerly served as the headquarters of JR Freight, and is now occupied by Daiwa House.

## Timeline

* April 3, 1895 - Station opens as the terminal of Kōbu Railway.
* December 30, 1895 - Track between Iidamachi and Shinjuku improves to double track.
* August 21, 1904 - Electric tram service begins between Iidamachi and Nakano.
* September 24, 1906 - Kōbu Railway extends tracks from Iidamachi to Suidōbashi; only tram services operate on the new line.
* October 1, 1906 - Kōbu Railway is nationalized.
* November 15, 1928 - Iidabashi Station opens on the tram line to replace tram service at Iidamachi; Iidamachi continues as the terminal for locomotive trains.
* March 16, 1934 - Another double track is added to existing double track between Iidamachi and Shinjuku.
* July 15, 1933 - Station ceases to serve passenger trains.
* June 1, 1949 - Japanese National Railways is established.
* November 1, 1986 - Station ceases to serve baggage trains.
* April 1, 1987 - Japanese National Railways is dissolved; Iidamachi Station belongs to JR Freight.
* March 22, 1997 - Station ceases to serve freight trains.
* March 9, 1999 - Station officially closes.
# Albert Hemming

Albert Edward Heming (13 June 1910 – 3 January 1987) was awarded the George Cross for the heroism displayed on 2 March 1945 in Parkers Row in Bermondsey, London when he dug a trapped priest from the ruins of a bombed Catholic Church. He was a section leader in the Civil Defence Rescue Service at the time. Notice of his award appeared in the London Gazette on 17 July 1945.
# Koknese Station

Koknese Station is a railway station on the Riga – Daugavpils Railway.
# Armentières-sur-Ourcq

Armentières-sur-Ourcq (French pronunciation:, literally Armentières on Ourcq) is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

## Geography

Armentières-sur-Ourcq is located some 30 km south of Soissons and 30 km south-east of Villers-Cotterêts. The D1 road runs through the south-west corner of the commune however the main access is on the D79 from La Croix-sur-Ourcq in the south-west running to the village then west to Nanteuil-Notre-Dame in the east. The D80 road also comes from Oulchy-le-Château in the north and continues south to Coincy. The commune is almost entirely farmland except for a belt of forest in the north.
The Ourcq river flows from east to west through the northern part of the commune and forming part of the northern border. The Ru Garnier stream flows from the south of the commune north through the village and continuing north to join the Ourcq river.

### Neighbouring communes and villages

vtePlaces adjacent to Armentières-sur-Ourcq :
Montchevillon
Oulchy-le-Château
Breny
Armentières-sur-Ourcq
Nanteuil-Notre-Dame
La Croix-sur-Ourcq
Rocourt-Saint-Martin
Coincy :

## Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Armentières-sur-Ourcq
| From | To | Name | Party |
| 2001 | Present | Jean-Pierre Bocquet | UDF then DVD |

## Sites and monuments

The commune has two sites that are registered as historical monuments:
* The Chateau of Armentières (12th century). Its postern has been classified as a historical monument since 25 January 1921. It is currently privately owned and is visited every year during European Heritage Days. Since 2004 it has benefited from restoration works supported by the DRAC of Picardy and the General Council of Aisne
* The Bernard bridges (17th century) spanning the Ourcq.

### Other sites of interest

* The Church (13th century) was severely damaged during the First World War and almost entirely rebuilt. It contains two items that are registered as historical objects:
** A Bas-relief: Pietà Donatrice and patron (16th century)
** A Funeral Monument of the Lords of Armentières (16th century)

## Notable people linked to the commune

* Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières (1711–1774), Marshal of France
* Charles Louis Gabriel de Conflans d'Armentieres (1772–1849), military officer and French politician of the 18th and 19th centuries
# Haugbrot

Haugbrot is an album released in 2001 by the Icelandic rock singer Megas. The album contained 14 songs and featured Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson on guitar.
# Nacoleia satsumalis

Nacoleia satsumalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by South in 1901. It is found in Japan and Korea.
# Close to You Alone

Close to You Alone is an album by keyboardist and composer Stanley Cowell recorded in 1990 and first released on the Japanese DIW label.
This recording came about due to a short tour led by drummer, composer Ronnie Burrage. The record company said they were doing a "piano series". This is why this recording shows Stanley Cowell as the band leader.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
In his review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow states "Cowell has long had an original style within the modern mainstream and his interplay with his notable sidemen on this program always holds one's interest.". The Chicago Tribune's Jack Fuller said it " is full of rich jazz trio music. Stanley Cowell`s piano dominates with styling of satisfying density. Cowell draws his sustenance from Art Tatum, and it serves him well. His music is full-bodied but never heavy and leaves one wanting more."

## Track listing

All compositions by Stanley Cowell except as indicated
* ""D" Bass-ic Blues" (Cecil McBee) - 5:55
* "Endless Flight" (Ronnie Burrage)- 8:50
* "Close to You Alone" - 6:56
* "Equipoise" - 5:37
* "Celestrial Mood" (Ronnie Burrage) - 8:48
* "Serenity" (Joe Henderson) - 5:42
* "Stella by Starlight" (Ned Washington, Victor Young) - 6:59

## Personnel

* Stanley Cowell - piano
* Cecil McBee - bass
* Ronnie Burrage - drums