OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marconi Transistorised Automatic Computer

The Marconi Transistorized Automatic Computer was the first all-transistor computer built by Britain's Marconi Company. It was designed and manufactured from around 1959.
The computer employed germanium transistors which by this time were sufficiently reliable in room temperatures kept below about 23 degrees C. The type S3301 was a 500 kHz clocked, 20-bit word machine with two Mullard core memory stores providing 4k of 20-bit data. The internal CPU logic was synchronised to even and odd clock signals and special signals generated via microinstruction diode boards. The memory logic had slow and fast loops to speed the transfer of sequential data bursts. A facility was provided to microstep through instructions to help with fault-finding. Processor status bits were provided, with machine instructions being decoded from 6 bits in the current address memory word. Double word data had the most significant bit designated a sign bit, coded as binary fractions (-1 to +1), for the square root, multiply and divide instructions. The instruction set had the usual functions based on three registers named A, B and D (C was the current address in memory register, also called M). An additional instruction assisted with checksum calculation for data transferred to and from main data stores (viz. Sperry Rand magnetic drums).
Applications included its use for active Realtime Control, marking up radar screens with aircraft information and providing data processing for operators in a nuclear power station. Apart from transistor failure, other common faults included power supply capacitors 'drying out' resulting in excess ripple, and poor connections on the input/output highway. Paper tape peripherals had their own poor reliability, influenced to some degree of operator usage.
Surviving computers (ex power station) are on display at the National Museum of Computing (located at Bletchley Park) and Jim Austin's collection near the University of York. The National Museum system is operational. Copies of original manuals and documentation are at the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester and the Manchester John Rylands Library. A performance summary specification is available online.
Marconi went on to develop the Myriad series of computers.
# Henri Martre

Henri Martre (6 February 1928 – 3 July 2018) was a French telecommunications engineer. He headed both the Délégation générale pour l'armement, the aerospace conglomerate Aérospatiale and the French Aerospace Industries Association (GIFAS). He was considered one of the main promoters in France of "competitive intelligence".
Henri Martre received the Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur on 31 December 2002.

## Biography

Martre was born on 6 February 1928 in Bélesta, Ariège. He was admitted at the École Polytechnique in 1947 and chose the Corps of Military Telecom (which later merged into the Corps de l'armement) upon graduation in 1950. In 1952 he graduated from Sup Télécom.
Martre embodied the French "high tech" colbertism; he was involved with most major aerospace and defence programmes between 1955 and 1995 (Concorde, Airbus, Ariane, etc.). He reached the top of French administration being Délégué général pour l'armement between 1977 and 1983 and was then CEO of Aérospatiale between 1983 and 1991. This typical switch from public administration to industry is called pantouflage in France. After his departure from Aérospatiale, Martre was chairman of the AFNOR (French Association for Normalization) between 1993 and 2002.
Subsequently, Martre began a third career as an intellectual. He was considered one of the precursors in France of competitive intelligence. In the framework of the Commissariat général du Plan, he wrote in 1994 a report entitled "Competitive intelligence and business strategy, in collaboration with Philippe Baumard and Christian Harbulot.
He died on 3 July 2018 at the age of 90.

## Books

* "L'intelligence économique : Quelles perspectives ?", avec Hélène Masson, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2004
* "Pratique de l'analyse fonctionnelle", avec Robert Tassinari, Paris, Editions Dunod, 2003
* "Intelligence économique et stratégie des entreprises", Travaux du groupe présidé par Henri Martre, La Documentation française, 1994
# Chota

Chota may refer to:
* Chota (Cherokee town), which once existed in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee, United States
* Chota, Ecuador
* Chota, Peru, a city in Chota District, the capital of Chota Province, Peru.
* Chota District, a district in Chota Province, Peru.
* Chota Province, a province of the Cajamarca Region in Peru
* Chota (automobile), an English automobile
* Chota (footballer), Spanish footballer
* Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Chota, Peru
* A dialect of the Sadri language
* A subdivision of a sotnia equivalent to a platoon
# West Coast Piners

West Coast Piners were groups of men who worked on the West Coast of Tasmania, Australia, logging Huon pine.
In most cases they used Strahan as their base, as it was the port from which the timber was shipped. The main eras of the Piners were the Sarah Island convict era (1821–33, 1846–47) and the period from the 1890s to the 1940s.
Most of their activities were focused on the rivers (and their tributaries) that flow into Macquarie Harbour – the King River and the Gordon River The smaller rivers flowing into Macquarie Harbour on the eastern side are Pine Cove Creek, the Braddon River, the Clark River, and the Bird River. Also Birch's Inlet was an area where pine was transported from.
They were celebrated by an annual event at Strahan, known as the Piners' Festival, which was conducted for a few years.
# Dreamtime Village

Dreamtime Village is an intentional community in West Lima, Wisconsin, United States, whose residents participate in various permaculture, hypermedia, and sustainability projects. Dreamtime was founded in 1990 by Madison artists mIEKAL aND and Lyx Ish.

## Xexoxial Endarchy and Xexoxial Editions

Xexoxial Endarchy is a not-for profit entity that runs Dreamtime Village that also publishes poetry chapbooks under the name Xexoxial Editions. Hakim Bey was one of the writers whose work they published. Xexoxial Editions also produced mail art. Some of their mail art publications are held in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art Library, the Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Art, and the Minneapolis Institute of Art.
# Yukarıçayırcık, Taşköprü

Yukarıçayırcık is a village in the Taşköprü District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population is 188 (2021).
# Örnek

Örnek is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Soner Örnek (born 1989), Turkish footballer
* Tolga Örnek (born 1972), Turkish film director, writer, and producer
# Carletto

Carletto is a given name, nickname and surname.

## Nickname

* Carletto, nickname of Carlo Ancelotti (born 1959), Italian former football player and manager
* Carletto, nickname of Carlo Caliari (1570–1596), Italian artist
* Carletto, nickname of Carlo Mazzone (born 1937), Italian football player and manager
* Carletto Sposito, stagename of Carlo Sposito (1924 – 1984), Italian actor

## Surname

* Piero Carletto (born 1963), Italian rower

## Fictional characters

* Carletto, character in 1974 Italian film, All Screwed Up
# Dysschema modesta

Dysschema modesta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Hering in 1925. It is found in Colombia.
# West Coast Partnership

The West Coast Partnership (WCP) is a railway franchise in the United Kingdom for passenger trains on the West Coast Main Line (WCML) (and branches thereof), between London Euston, the West Midlands, Shropshire, North Wales, Liverpool, Manchester, Carlisle, Edinburgh and Glasgow. Founded in December 2019, it is currently operated by First Trenitalia West Coast Rail Limited, comprising two distinct parts, Avanti West Coast which runs the current services on the WCML, and West Coast Partnership Development, which is the 'shadow operator' for future high-speed services.

## History

In November 2016, the Department for Transport (DfT) announced that the InterCity West Coast franchise would be replaced by the West Coast Partnership, which would operate express services on both the West Coast Main Line (WCML) and on High Speed 2 (HS2).
At that time, high-speed services were planned to begin on the first phase of HS2 in 2026. The new franchise was originally to start in September 2019, and to operate an initial seven years of WCML services to 2026, followed by five years as the integrated operator for WCML and HS2 (to 2031) – with an option for the Secretary of State to extend the term by up to three years (to 2034).
The DfT specified that the new operator must have experience in high-speed trains and infrastructure, hence each bidder partnered with an Asian or European high-speed operator. In June 2017, the DfT announced three consortiums had been shortlisted to bid for the franchise:
* FirstGroup (70%) / Trenitalia (30%)
* MTR Corporation (75%) / Guangshen Railway Company (25%)
* Stagecoach (50%) / SNCF (30%) / Virgin Group (20%)
In December 2018, MTR announced that Spain's main rail operator Renfe Operadora had joined its joint bid as a key subcontractor. In April 2019, Stagecoach Group was disqualified for submitting a non-compliant bid.
In August 2019, the DfT announced the FirstGroup / Trenitalia consortium as the successful bidder. Trading as Avanti West Coast and West Coast Partnership Development, it commenced operating the franchise on 8 December 2019.
As a result of the COVID pandemic, the franchising system in Great Britain was abolished in the autumn of 2020. The Franchise Agreement was initially replaced by an Emergency Measures Agreement (EMA) between 1 March 2020 and 20 September 2020, and subsequently by an Emergency Recovery Measures Agreement (ERMA), in effect until 1 April 2031.
Poor performance in 2022 led to a new six-month short term contract being imposed by the DfT. In March 2023, this was extended for a further six months to 15 October 2023.
On 19 September 2023 DfT announced the award of a National Rail Contract (NRC) to First Trenitalia, starting on 15 October 2023 with a core term of three years (to 18 October 2026) and a maximum term of nine years (to 17 October 2032).
# Papyrus 57

Papyrus 57 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by siglum 𝔓$^{57}$, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Acts of the Apostles, it contains only Acts 4:36–5:2.8–10.
The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 4th century (or 5th century).
The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.
It was published by Peter Sanz.
It is currently housed at the Papyrus Collection of the Austrian National Library (Pap. Vindob. G. 26020) in Vienna.
# Pandalus hypsinotus

Pandalus hypsinotus is a crustacean in the Pandalidae family, ordinarily 10–12.5 centimetres (3.9–4.9 in) in length, but large females may reach 17.5 centimetres (6.9 in). It can be found in the Bering Sea, from the Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound, and in the Sea of Japan at depths of 100–200 metres (330–660 ft).
This species attains maturity as a male, and in varying proportions as a female, in the second year, and becomes a female during the third year. Subsequent survival into the fourth year is very low. Female shrimps carry eggs from November to April.
Called humpback shrimp in North America, there a small directed fishery is found in Prince Rupert. where the humpback is held to be the finest eating shrimp of all six species.
Called Toyama shrimp (トヤマエビ) in Japan, as they are found mainly in Toyama Bay.
# Westmark

Westmark may refer to:
* Westmark (novel), a fantasy novel written by Lloyd Alexander
* Reichsgau Westmark, a planned Reichsgau of Nazi Germany, that included the former Territory of the Saar Basin, the Bavarian Palatinate and after 1940 the French département of Moselle in Lorraine (Lothringen)
* The Westmark School, a high school in Encino, California
* The «West Mark» or «West German Mark», an unofficial designation for the Deutsche Mark before the German Reunification of 1990.
* Westmark (name), a Swedish surname also popular in Finland and Denmark.
* Westmark Township, Phelps County, Nebraska, a township in Nebraska, USA
* Westmark hotel chain operating in Alaska and the Yukon, a division of Holland America Line.
# Westmanbukta

Westmanbukta is a bay at the northern side of Storsteinhalvøya in Gustav V Land at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. The bay is named after Swedish meteorologist Jonas Westman.
# Church of Santa Maria di Costantinopoli of Ugento

The Church of Santa Maria di Costantinopoli is a church located in the municipality of Ugento, in the province of Lecce, Italy.

## History

The church, built in the early 17th century, is incorporated into the 18th-century structure of Masseria Crocefissi and stands on the ancient Via Traiana Sallentina, a Roman-era route which over the centuries has become a very popular religious route towards the Sanctuary of Santa Maria di Leuca. Initially the building was completely isolated and was commissioned by the local aristocratic family of the Papadìa.

## Architecture

The church, small in size, consists of a single rectangular room with a barrel roof. The external roof was originally gabled, replaced with a flat attic in the 18th century. The interior is entirely frescoed; along the walls there are life-size images of a Prophet (Elijah or Isaiah), of Saint Eligius, Saint Nicholas, Saint Anthony of Padua, Saint Rita, Saint Paul, Saint Biagio, Saint Roch, Saint Vitus and Saint Antonio Abate. On the counter-façade there is a depiction of Christ. Above the altar, of modern workmanship, stands the representation of the Madonna of Constantinople enthroned, with the date of construction (1619). The vault is decorated with false coffers, inside which the faces of winged cherubs are depicted. The Papadìa coat of arms is painted in the center of the vault.
# Pandian, Shandong

Pandian (Chinese: 潘店镇) is a town in Qihe County, Dezhou, in northwestern Shandong province, China.
# Chronovski

Chronovski was formed in Singapore in 2003 to create a class of affordable crystal watches. Chronovski was positioned as a name synonymous with exquisite affordably priced timepieces, manufactured under the highest standards of quality and design.
At that time, the watch market was dominated by bling culture, facilitated by 3 trends.
* The hip-hop culture led by rapstars such as Beyoncé, Eminem and Jay-Z.
* The rightist/conservative movement towards bling culture where consumers styled themselves like monarchs decked in diamonds.
* A mass market movement to diamond watches as a way to portray affluence.
Sensing that the market was in need of a quality quartz watch brand that could cater to the mass market, Chronovski proceeded to launch sub $100–200 crystal encrusted watches. "In an attempt to make time-reading exciting again, Chronovski watches often came with flashy and glittery designs.
In the years 2004 to 2010, Chronovski managed to distribute half a million pieces of watches and ride on the bling culture. Norway was the largest market, followed by USA, Sweden, Denmark, UK and Australia.
2008's Lehman Bros collapse decimated the bling-bling trend. What was seen as opulent excesses of Wall Street was frowned upon and the fashion trend shifted away from bling culture.
Most importantly, the rise of smartphones and its replacement of watches as time-keeping devices hit Chronovski badly in the early 2010s.
In 2012, the legacy of watch-making came to an end for the company when Chronovski diversified into a digital lifestyle fashion brand.
# What's Her Face

What's Her Face may refer to:
* What's Her Face (doll), a line of fashion dolls by Mattel
* What's-Her-Face, a character from "Teen Girl Squad", a comic strip at the website Homestar Runner
* "What's-her-face", a song by Christine and the Queens from Chris
# Château de Heidwiller

Château de Heidwiller is a castle in the commune of Heidwiller, in the department of Haut-Rhin, Alsace, France. It is a listed historical monument since 1996.
# Château de Hartmannswiller

Château de Hartmannswiller is a castle in the commune of Hartmannswiller, in the department of Haut-Rhin, Alsace, France. Although a castle was already mentioned in the 14th century, the present structure mainly dates from the 16th and 18th century. It is a listed historical monument since 1988.
# Château de Guînes

Château de Guînes was a castle in Guînes, Pas-de-Calais, France.

## History

Baldwin II, Count of Guînes, began construction of a castle at Guînes on top of an ancient fort in the late 12th century, consisting of a courtyard, surrounded by towers with a donjon.
After the capture of Calais by King Edward III of England in 1349, the castle was captured by the English in 1352 by an English force led by the valet John of Doncaster. The French laid siege to the castle to regain control, however the siege was unsuccessful. In 1360, the Treaty of Brétigny surrendered the city and its county to England becoming part of the Pale of Calais.
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, laid siege to Guînes in 1436 with a force of Flemish militia. When an English relief army of some 10,000 men under Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, approached, the Duke of Burgundy abandoned the siege, leaving his artillery and large amounts of baggage behind. Francis d'Orléans, Count of Angoulême, laid siege to Guînes in 1514, but broke the siege upon learning of the approach of an English army under the command of King Henry VIII of England.
The castle was placed under siege by a French army in 1558, led by Francis, Duke of Guise. The castle withstood the siege for a few days. The English commander, William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton, was forced to surrender the castle, on 21 January, after the French entered the outer defences of the castle, Grey was wounded and his soldiers refused to fight on. The French gave honourable terms of surrender and English rule of the area came to an end. The castle was badly slighted by the Duke of Guise, but it was known to be used to house the local commander. It was later destroyed during the Spanish incursions during 1595 to 1598.

## Citations

* ↑ Colvin 1963, p. 456.
* 1 2 3 Ayloffe 1771, p. 19.
* 1 2 Smith 1900, p. 214.
# Châtelneuf, Jura

Châtelneuf (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. It is around 8 km south of Champagnole.
# Parachute Emergency Ration

Parachute emergency rations were a type of United States military ration produced during World War II. The ration was meant as a survival ration for use of aircrew who bailed out of their aircraft. It initially comprised energy bars, fruit bars, K-biscuits, hard candy and lemon-juice powder but eventually evolved into a food pack which contained chocolate, hard candy, bouillon cubes, dehydrated cheese, crackers, sugar, instant coffee and gum, in addition to cigarettes and water-purification tablets. The ration was introduced in 1942 and remained in use until 1952. The ration was placed in the emergency kit fitted to the back or seat of a parachute harness.
# Château de Merpins

Château de Merpins, is a ruined castle in Merpins, Charente-Maritime, France. The castle is built atop rocky outcrop overlooking the double confluence of the Ne, Charente and Antenne.
Fortifications have existed since the Neolithic period. In the 10th century the manor belonged to the Taillefer, counts of Angoulême. In 1179, the castle was taken by Richard, Duke of Aquitaine and given to his illegitimate son Philippe de Falcombridge. Philippe sold the castle to King John of England in 1204. His son King Henry III of England gave the castle to Hugh X de Lusignan, lord of Cognac, husband of Isabelle d'Angouleme. In 1308 Merpins was united to the French crown, however under the Treaty of Brétigny of 1360, the castle returned to English hands.
After a siege lasting six years, led by Marshal Sancerre the castle was taken again in 1387. King Charles VI of France ordered the castles destruction. The castle was still a place of fighting during the wars of religion, occupied by Catholics and Protestants. It was the Duke of Mayenne who dislodged them in 1577.
# West of England Goose

West of England geese are a breed of auto-sexing domestic goose.

## Description

West of England geese are a rare or heritage breed of medium-sized geese. They were originally found across the south of England in particular in Devon and Cornwall. They are auto-sexing, meaning that one can identify females by their grey markings on head and back immediately after hatching.
West of England geese have blue eyes, an orange bill, a dual-lobed paunch and a calm temperament. They weigh between 6 and 9 kg. The gander is white and sometimes shows some traces of grey. The female goose has clear grey markings on head, neck, back and the thigh coverts.
# Chézy-sur-Marne

Chézy-sur-Marne (French pronunciation:, literally Chézy on Marne) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## 2009 flood

The town was hit by a flash flood and mudslide on 14 June 2009 after a violent localised storm. Cars were floated downstream, cellars and ground-floor rooms in low-lying houses were flooded. Adjacent localities were also affected.
# Chézine

Chézine may refer to:
* Chézine Lake, a body of water of the Chézine River, in Lac-Croche, Quebec, Canada
* Chézine River (Sainte-Anne River), a tributary of the Sainte-Anne River, in Quebec, Canada
* Chézine North River, a tributary of the Chézine River in Quebec, Canada
# Chézy

Chézy may refer to:

## People

* Antoine de Chézy (1718–1798), French hydraulic engineer
* Antoine-Léonard de Chézy (1773–1832), French orientalist
* Helmina von Chézy (1783–1856), German journalist, poet and playwright

## Communes in France

* Chézy, Allier, in the Allier department
* Chézy-en-Orxois, in the Aisne department
* Chézy-sur-Marne, in the Aisne department
# Church of San Francesco

The entry Church of San Francesco includes churches linked to the devotion to St Francis of Assisi (San Francesco in Italian) and the Franciscan order. They mainly include churches or monasteries in the Italian peninsula in the following cities/towns and regions:
* San Francesco, Acquasparta, Umbria
* San Francesco alle Scale, Ancona, Marche
* San Francesco, Arezzo, Tuscany
* San Francesco, Assisi or Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi, Umbria
* San Francesco, Atri, Abruzzo
* San Francesco, Bologna or Basilica of San Francesco, Bologna, Reggio-Emilia
* San Francesco, Canicattì, Sicily
* San Francesco, Casalbuttano, Lombardy
* San Francesco, Cortona, Tuscany
* San Francesco di Paola, Florence, Tuscany
* San Francesco, Grosseto, Tuscany
* San Francesco, Larino, Molise
* San Francesco, Lucca, Tuscany
* San Francesco, Lucignano, Tuscany
* San Francesco, Mantua, Lombardy
* San Francesco, Modena, Emilia Romagna
* San Francesco, Mondavio, Marche
* San Francesco delle Monache, Naples, Campania
* San Francesco di Paola, Naples, Campania
* San Francesco, Orvieto, Umbria
* San Francesco, Palermo or San Francesco d'Assisi, Palermo, Sicily
* San Francesco, Pescia, Tuscany
* San Francesco, Piacenza, Emilia Romagna
* San Francesco, Pisa, Tuscany
* San Francesco, Prato, Tuscany
* Santissime Stimmate di San Francesco, Rome, Lazio
* San Francesco a Ripa, Rome, Lazio
* San Francesco, San Gemini, Umbria
* San Francesco, San Marino, San Marino
* San Francesco, Siena or Basilica of San Francesco, Siena, Tuscany,
* San Francesco, Urbania, Marche
* San Francesco della Vigna, Venice, Veneto
* San Francesco, Viterbo, Lazio
* San Francesco, Terni, Umbria
# Paranday District

Paranday District is one of ten districts of the province Otuzco in Peru.
# Parandrita

Parandrita is a genus of beetles in the family Laemophloeidae, containing the following species:
* Parandrita aenea Sharp
* Parandrita capito Grouvelle
* Parandrita cephalotes LeConte
* Parandrita deceptor Sharp
* Parandrita gracilis Sharp
* Parandrita konae Sharp
* Parandrita liturata Sharp
* Parandrita molokaiae Sharp
* Parandrita perkinsi Sharp
* Parandrita permixtus Grouvelle
* Parandrita stipes Sharp