OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eastern grey woodpecker

The eastern grey woodpecker (Dendropicos spodocephalus), also known as grey-headed woodpecker and mountain gray woodpecker, is a species of bird in the woodpecker family Picidae. It is a resident breeder in eastern Africa. It has a large range and is a fairly common species. No special threats have been recognised and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the bird's conservation status as being of "least concern".

## Description

Like other woodpeckers, this species has a straight pointed bill, a stiff tail to provide support against tree trunks, and zygodactyl or “yoked" feet, with two toes pointing forward, and two backward. The long tongue can be darted forward to capture insects. The adult male eastern grey woodpecker has a red crown and nape, and females have a plain grey head, lacking the red crown. The upper parts of the body are yellowish-green, the rump is red, and the wings and tail are dark brown. The remaining parts of the head and the underparts are pale grey, apart from a reddish patch on the hinder part of the belly. The beak is dark grey or black, the legs are greenish-grey and the eyes red to brown. Young birds are similar to the female, but the reds are paler, and there may be some barring on the flanks and some red on the crown in both sexes.

## Distribution and habitat

The eastern grey woodpecker is a native of tropical eastern Africa, its range including Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan and Tanzania. Its habitat is humid forests, forest verges and gallery forests. It is found in the lowlands and at altitudes of up to 3,300 m (10,800 ft).

## Ecology

Like other woodpeckers, this species is an insectivore, and forages on trees and on the ground for moths, centipedes, larvae and pupae. It is frequently seen, and regularly taps or drums. This species and the African grey woodpecker were formerly considered conspecific.
# Brake shoe

A brake shoe is the part of a braking system which carries the brake lining in the drum brakes used on automobiles, or the brake block in train brakes and bicycle brakes. A device that is put on a track to slow down railroad cars is also called brake shoe.

## Automobile drum brake

The brake shoe carries the brake lining, which is riveted or glued to the shoe. When the brake is applied, the shoe moves and presses the lining against the inside of the drum. The friction between lining and drum provides the braking effort. Energy is dissipated as heat.
Modern cars have disc brakes all round, or discs at the front and drums at the rear. An advantage of discs is that they can dissipate heat more quickly than drums so there is less risk of overheating.
The reasons for retaining drums at the rear, are that a drum is more effective than a disc as a parking brake, and drum brake components are cheaper to maintain.

## Railway tread brake

The brake shoe carries the brake block. Wood was originally used for the brake block, then cast iron (particularly grey iron) was used. The material seems to have been replaced nowadays by high friction composite material, but some operators of heavy goods trains have begun to use brake shoes (and pads) using various kinds of plastic (like kevlar). One of those is DB Cargo, and cites less wear and especially less noise, which is important when driving in built-up areas.
When the brake is applied, the shoe moves and presses the block against the tread of the wheel. As well as providing braking effort, this also "scrubs" the wheel and keeps it clean, but also causes wear and tear on the wheel treads. Additionally, the application of the brake shoe and often causes brake squeal. Tread brakes on passenger trains have now largely been superseded by disc brakes.

## Bicycle rim brake

This comprises a pair of rectangular open boxes which are mounted on the brake calipers of a bicycle and that hold the brake blocks which rub on the rim of a bicycle wheel to slow the bicycle down or stop it.

## Cataloguing

There are different systems for the cataloguing of brake shoes. The most frequently used system in Europe is the WVA numbering system.

## Brake shoe for railroad cars

A brake shoe can be put on the track to stop a moving car. The wheel rolls up to the tongue and then the brake shoe glides with the car on the track until it stops. They are also called rail skids or rail skates.
# Botenlauben Castle

Botenlauben Castle is a ruined castle in Reiterswiesen, a district of the Bavarian spa town of Bad Kissingen.

## History of the castle

The castle was home of the minnesinger and crusader Otto von Botenlauben and his wife Beatrix de Courtenay (founders of the Frauenroth cloister), who both stayed from 1220 to 1242. The exact year the castle was built is unknown, but it is generally accepted to be from around 1180. The name probably comes from the words 'Boto' (name of the architect) and Laube (meaning residence). In 1234, the castle came under the control of the Bishopric of Würzburg, under Bishop Hermann I von Lobdeburg. In 1242, the castle became the administrative centre of the diocese's offices. It was eventually moved to Ebernhausen in 1525 following the German Peasants' War, and then completely dissolved in 1670.
During the Peasants' War, the castle fell victim to peasants from Aura an der Saale. Legend has it that the peasants were admitted to the castle by its perfidious cook, who, however, was not rewarded with gold coins but blinded and killed by the peasants; since then, his ghost wanders about the castle in stormy nights chopping on his chopping board.
Following the failed peasants' revolution, they were forced to rebuild the destroyed castle. In 1553, during the 'Margravial war', the castle was destroyed for the last time, and since the 17th century has served as a quarry to the residents of Reiterswiesen.

## Tourism

Around 1830, this situation came to an end when people began to take an interest in the Romantic period and the Middle Ages (embodied definitively in 1881 when the ‘Botenlauben club’ was founded). From the beginning, the guiding principle was always to make the castle into a tourist attraction, which became more of an historical interest at the start of the 20th century. In the second half of the century, the castle underwent some restoration work. Today, life in the castle during the Middle Ages is remembered and re-enacted each year in September with the 'Burgfest'.
# Bill Cartwright (disambiguation)

Bill Cartwright (born 1957) is an American basketball player and coach.
Bill Cartwright may also refer to:
* Bill Cartwright (footballer, born 1884) (1884–?), English footballer who played for Gainsborough, Chelsea and Tottenham from 1908 to 1913
* Bill Cartwright (footballer, born 1922) (1922–1992), English footballer who played for Tranmere Rovers from 1946 to 1948
# 1963 Omloop Het Volk

The 1963 Omloop Het Volk was the 18th edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 2 March 1963. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by René Van Meenen.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | René Van Meenen (BEL) | 4h 32' 00" |
| 2 | Ludo Janssens (BEL) | + 0" |
| 3 | Jean-Baptiste Claes (BEL) | + 0" |
| 4 | Frans Van Immerseel (BEL) | + 0" |
| 5 | Joseph Dewit (BEL) | + 2' 05" |
| 6 | Walter Muylaert (BEL) | + 2' 05" |
| 7 | Daniel Doom (BEL) | + 2' 05" |
| 8 | Rene Thyssen (BEL) | + 2' 05" |
| 9 | Romain van Wynsberghe (BEL) | + 2' 05" |
| 10 | Piet van Est (NED) | + 2' 05" |
# Dennis Morgan (songwriter)

Dennis Morgan (born July 30, 1952 in Tracy, Minnesota) is an American songwriter and music publisher, best known for writing songs for Aretha Franklin, Faith Hill, Barbara Mandrell, and Eric Clapton. He has also published hit songs by Garth Brooks, All-4-One, Feargal Sharkey, and Trisha Yearwood.
Morgan's career as a songwriter started as a session musician in Nashville. His first songwriting success was "Sleeping Single in a Double Bed", a number one hit for Barbara Mandrell in 1978. As a result, he and cowriter Kye Fleming were nominated for a Grammy. His partnership with Fleming also yielded more hits for Mandrell ("I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool"), fellow country artists Sylvia ("Nobody"), Ronnie Milsap ("Smoky Mountain Rain"), and Steve Wariner ("All Roads Lead To You").
Songs by Morgan and cowriter Simon Climie have been hits for pop artists including Climie Fisher ("Love Changes Everything") and Aretha Franklin & George Michael ("I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)").
Morgan was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Foundation's Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2004.
His works are self-administered in North America by his company Little Shop of Morgansongs and via Warner Chappell Music internationally. He is a BMI member and according to BMI repertoire, 33 of over 2000 songs written by him are BMI awarded for extensive radio playback.
# Daniel Crilly

Daniel Crilly (14 December 1857 - December 1923) was an Irish Parliamentary Party Member of Parliament and the author of a number of books.
After education at the Catholic Institute in Liverpool and at Sedgley Park School, Wolverhampton, Daniel Crilly was apprenticed to a cotton broker in Liverpool and served his full apprenticeship before becoming a journalist. In 1876 he became editor of the Liverpool United Irishman and in 1880, he joined the staff of The Nation in Dublin.
In 1885, he was elected to the Mayo North constituency for the Irish Parliamentary Party. He joined the Anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation when the party split in 1891, and remained as an MP until 1900. He was honorary secretary of the Home Rule Confederation and then of the Irish National League of Great Britain.
In 1887 he was put on trial in Dublin as an alleged promoter of the Plan of Campaign, but prosecution was abandoned due to non-agreement of the jury.
He married in 1887 in Dublin. He was a visitor at the Southwark Irish Literary Club in London.
# Appa I Love You

Appa I Love You (transl. Dad, I love you) is a 2024 Indian Kannada-language family drama film directed by Athrav Arya and starring Prem, Tabla Nani in the titular role, and Manvitha Kamath, Vikas and Jeevitha Vasishta. The film's title is named after a song in Chowka (2017). The film was theatrically released on 12 April 2024 and received mixed-to-negative reviews.

## Plot

It delves into the heart-wrenching narrative of parental trust shattered by betrayal. This emotionally charged drama shines light on a father's unwavering faith in his son, which unfortunately leads to a harrowing journey into homelessness and despair.

## Cast

* Prem as Rahul
* Tabla Nani as Dharmanna
* Manvitha Kamath as Kavya
* Vikas as Sanjay
* Jeevitha Vasishta as Sneha
* Bala Rajwadi
* Aravind Rao
* Vijay Chendoor
* Aruna Balraj
* Patel Annayappa

## Reception

Sujay B M from Deccan Herald rated 2 out of 5 stars and wrote that "With repackaged content and crude execution, one has little to lose by skipping the film". Vinay Lokesh from The Times of India rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "Director Atharv Arya tackles a relevant subject, but the treatment remains mediocre. Tabla Nani shines in his role as Dharmanna, while Prem and Manvitha deliver commendable performances within their limited screen time". A Sharadhaa from Cinema Express gave the film the same rating and wrote that "Appa I Love You is a film that might prompt a few to reconsider their approach with their parents and in-laws, especially regarding adoption. However, the film could have benefitted from a fresh approach". A critic from Times Now rated the film two out of five stars and wrote that "Despite its strong message at the end, Appa I Love You emerges as a drama that struggles to retain your interest in it".
# Decorah Shale

The Decorah Shale is a fossiliferous shale that makes up the lowermost formation in the Galena Group. The Decorah lies above the Platteville Limestone and below the Cummingsville Formation in the sedimentary sequence that formed from the shallow sea that covered central North America during Ordovician Time. The Decorah consists of three members (from bottom to top): Spechts Ferry, Guttenberg, and Ion. The Spechts Ferry member is organic-rich and suggests a large influx of terrigenous sediment during deposition. The Guttenberg is characterized by nodular calcareous beds and contains several K-bentonite deposits. The Ion Member, present in the southern Decorah in Iowa, is characterized by alternating beds of shale and limestone.
Where it crops out in the Upper Midwest, especially in the Twin Cities, the Decorah is a popular stratum for amateur fossil collecting. It contains trilobites, brachiopods, horn corals, gastropods, crinoids, and large numbers of bryozoans. Cephalopods may also be found in the lower layers of the Decorah Shale.
# Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is a fungal plant pathogen. It is a big pathogen to the tomato plant. It has a violet to white color on most media but does not produce a pigment on King's B medium.
It has been spread to tomato seeds by the hands of contaminated workers. The seeds of infected plants may be infected as well. Contaminated seed is suspected in the movement of the fungus within Brazil. Over long distances, transplants may also carry the fungus. Some outbreaks of tomato diseases were linked with tomato transplants that were grown in reused transplant trays that were contaminated.
# Fontana del Garraffo

The Garraffo Fountain (Italian: Fontana del Garraffo) is a Baroque fountain of Palermo. It is located in Piazza Marina, down the ancient Cassaro street, now called Via Vittorio Emanuele, within the historic centre of Palermo.

## History

The name of the fountain comes from the Arabic word "Gharraf", meaning the abundance of water. It was sculpted by Gioacchino Vitagliano in 1698, although the design was previously realized by the architect Paolo Amato. The sculpture represents an abundance goddess riding an eagle fighting against a hydra.
The significance of the allegorical elements is not clear. The eagle could be a symbol of either Palermo or the Hapsburg Spanish monarchy. The statue was patronized by the Spanish Praetor Andrea Salazar.
The location of the Garraffo fountain was in a small piazzetta in the market of the Vucciria market, in front of the monument called Genio del Garraffo, and near the church of Sant'Eulalia dei Catalani until 1862, when it was moved to this airy and verdant Piazza Marina.
A different fountain of the Garaffo, now referred to as the Fontana del Garraffello, was erected in 1589 (or 1591) in piazzetta del Garaffo, it had been moved from its original sited due to the seepage into a neighboring house.
# Little Superman

Little Superman is a 2014 Indian Malayalam-language superhero film directed by Vinayan, starring Deni Emmanuel Jacklin, Nayanthara Chakravarthy, Ansiba Hassan, Praveena and Ranjith in the lead roles. The film was inspired by the superhero character Superman. The film was dubbed and released in Tamil and Hindi.

## Premise

Willy Wilson, a 12 year old comic book aficionado, falls into a manhole and gets trapped inside it for days and soon figures out that he has the ability to fly and lift things up with the help of telekinesis.

## Cast

* Deni Emmanuel Jacklin as Willy Wilson
* Nayanthara Chakravarthy as Serah
* Ansiba Hassan as Angel Wilson, Willy's sister
* Praveena as Jeny Wilson, Willy's mother
* Ranjith as Wilson George, Willy's father
* Madhu as Father
* Krishna as Circle Inspector Shivan
* Saju Navodaya as Father Verunthara
* Nizhalgal Ravi as Albert
* Girish Nambiar as Hareesh

## Release

Little Superman was released on 7 November 2014 (India).
# Golden Palace

Golden Palace can refer to:
* The Golden Palace, a TV sitcom spin-off of The Golden Girls
* GoldenPalace.com, an Internet-based casino known for paying boxers to get tattoos of their website on their bodies
* Domus Aurea (Latin for "Golden House"), a large palace built by the Roman emperor Nero
* Golden Palace Hotel, in Tsaghkadzor, Armenia
* Radisson Blu Hotel, Yerevan, previously named Golden Palace Yerevan, in Armenia
* Pauwels Sauzen–Vastgoedservice, a cycling team known as Vastgoedservice–Golden Palace in 2014-2015
# January 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

January 25 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 27
All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 8 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For January 26th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 13.

## Saints

* Martyrs Ananias the priest, Peter the prison guard, and seven soldiers, in Phoenicia (295)
* The Holy Two Martys of Phrygia.
* Venerable Ammon of Egypt (350), disciple of St. Anthony the Great.
* Venerable Symeon "the Ancient" of Mount Sinai (ca. 390)
* Saint Paula of Rome (Paula of Palestine), monastic foundress in Palestine (404)
* Venerable Gabriel, Abbot of the monastery of Saint Stephanos in Jerusalem (ca. 490)
* Venerable Xenophon and his wife Mary, and their two sons Sts. Arcadius and John, of Constantinople (6th century)

## Pre-Schism Western saints

* Saint Conon, Bishop and monastic founder on the Isle of Man (648)
* Saint Theofrid (Theofroy), a monk at Luxeuil in France who became Abbot of Corbie, and a Bishop (ca. 690)
* Saint Athanasius, honoured as a bishop in Sorrento in the south of Italy.
* Saint Alphonsus of Astorga, Bishop of Astorga in Spain (9th century)
* Saint Ansurius (Aduri, Asurius, Isauri), Bishop of Orense in Galicia (925)

## Post-Schism Orthodox saints

* Venerable Clement of Mt. Sagmation (1111)
* Saint David the Builder (David III), King of Georgia (1125)
* Venerable Xenophon, Abbot of Robeika (Novgorod) (1262)
* Venerable Arcadius of Vyaznikovsky (1592)
* Saint Joseph (Naniescu) of Suceava, Metropolitan of Moldova, Romania (1902)

### New martyrs and confessors

* New Nun-martyr Matushka Maria (Lelyanova) of Gatchina (1932) (see also: April 4)
* New Hieromartyr Cyril, Metropolitan of Kazan (1937)
* New Hieromartyr Arcadius (1938)
* Martyr John Popov (1938)

## Other commemorations

* Commemoration of the Great Earthquake at Constantinople (447-448), during the reign of Emperor Theodosius II (r. 408–450).
* Translation of the relics (845) of Sts. Theodore the Confessor, Abbot of the Studion (826), and his brother Joseph the Confessor, Archbishop of Thessalonica (832)
* Repose of Metropolitan Gabriel of Novgorod and St. Petersburg (1801)

## Icon gallery

* Venerable Xenophon and his wife Mary, and their two sons Sts. Arcadius and John (Menologion of Basil II)
* David IV on 12th century icon at Saint Catherine's Monastery
* Holy Hierarch Joseph the Merciful, the Metropolitan of Moldova.
* New Nun-martyr Matushka Maria (Lelyanova) of Gatchina.
# Duncan's First Nation

Duncan's First Nation is a First Nation in northwestern Alberta, Canada. It operates as an Indian band under the Indian Act representing a community of Aboriginal Canadians, in this case from the Woods Cree ethnic group. The band became a party to Treaty 8 with the Canadian Crown on July 1, 1899. Indian reserves were surveyed for the band in 1905, but the reserves were not confirmed by Order-in-Council until 1907 (eight parcels) and 1925 (two parcels). All but one reserves (#151A) were later surrendered to the Canadian government in 1928. One of them, #151K, was later returned to the band in 1965. The two remaining reserves are #151A, located 52 kilometres (32 mi) west of Peace River, Alberta and #151K, located in the McLennon/Reno area, southeast of Peace River. The two reserves comprise a total area of 2,426.1 hectares (5,995 acres), and the majority of the population lives on #151A. In 2012, the band had a registered population of 269, of whom 142 members living the band's reserves.
In the 1970s, Duncan's First Nation joined a regional council with several other bands, the Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council. In 1998, however, the band withdrew from the Lesser Slave Lake council and formed the Western Cree Tribal Council along with Horse Lake First Nation and Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation, and remains a member. Duncan's is also a member of a treaty council, the Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta.
# Daniel Cresswell

Daniel Cresswell D.D. (1776 – 21 March 1844), was a British clergyman and mathematician.
He was son of Daniel Cresswell, a native of Crowden-le-Booth, in Edale, Derbyshire, who lived for many years at Newton, near Wakefield, Yorkshire. He was born at Wakefield in 1776 and educated in the grammar school there and at Hull. He proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow (B.A. 1797, M.A. 1800, D.D. per literas regia, 1823). At the university, where he resided many years, he took private pupils.
In December 1822 he was presented to the vicarage of Enfield, one of the most valuable livings in the gift of his college, and in the following year he was appointed a justice of the peace for Middlesex and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He died at Enfield on 21 March 1844.

## Major works

* The Elements of Linear Perspective, Cambridge, 1811, a translation of Giuseppe Venturoli's Elements of Mechanics, Cambridge, 1822; 2nd edit., 1823
* Sermons on Domestic Duties London 1829.
# Appa Balwant Chowk

18°31′02″N 73°51′13″E﻿ / ﻿18.5172026°N 73.8535344°E﻿ / 18.5172026; 73.8535344
Appa Balwant Chowk (also known as A.B.C.) is a popular crossroads in the Shaniwar Peth neighborhood of Pune, India that is particularly noted for the concentration of bookshops in the area. It is also the site of the 15th century Tambdi Jogeshwari temple.

## History

The Appa Balwant Chowk was named after Sardar Appa Balwant Mehendale, a commander in the Maratha army. The place began to be known as a venue for booksellers in the late 1950s, following the opening of the first shop by L.N. Godbole.
On August 9, 1942, two people were shot and killed by police at A.B.C. after a teenager raised the Indian flag in defiance of British rule. This triggered anti-colonialist violence, including a theatre bombing, the 75th anniversary of which was marked in January 2018.
# 1979 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl

The 1979 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl was a college football postseason game between the Purdue Boilermakers and the Tennessee Volunteers.

## Background

Tennessee won their first three games and entered the rankings at #19 before a game at Mississippi State. However, they fell out after losing to them 28–9 (the Bulldogs would go 3–8 that season). A win at Georgia Tech was followed by losses to #1 Alabama and Rutgers. A victory over #13 Notre Dame was their only win over a ranked opponent. They finished the season with a loss to Ole Miss and victories over Kentucky and Vanderbilt to place fifth in the Southeastern Conference. This was Tennessee's sixth bowl game in the decade. Purdue began the season ranked #6, and they won their opening game versus Wisconsin 41–20 at home. A loss to UCLA dropped them to #17, but they rose back to #12 after wins over #5 Notre Dame and Oregon. A loss to Minnesota was their last of the season, as they finished the season with six straight victories to finish 2nd in the Big Ten Conference. This was Purdue's second straight bowl appearance.

## Scoring summary

* Purdue - McCall 6-yard run (Seibel kick), 5:01
* Purdue - Burrell 12-yard pass from Herrmann (Seibel kick), 2:27
* Purdue - Young 12-yard pass from Herrmann (Seibel kick), 10:52
* Tennessee - Ford 8-yard pass from Streater (2-point conversion failed), 2:55
* Tennessee - Berry 15-yard pass from Ingram (Simpson run), 8:39
* Tennessee - Simpson 1-yard run (Simpson run), 3:42
* Purdue - Young 17-yard pass from Herrmann (pass failed), 1:30
Purdue: Mark Herrmann went 21-of-39 for three touchdowns and 303 yards. Purdue had 31 first downs to Tennessee's 19, while outrushing them 180 to 146, out passing them 303 to 234, and keeping the ball for 33 minutes. Tennessee turned the ball over five times; Purdue only turned it over once.

## Aftermath

This remains Purdue's only 10 win season. They reached two more bowl games in the next five years before going without bowl games until 1997. In contrast, Tennessee reached seven bowl games in the next decade. Neither ever returned to the Bluebonnet Bowl again.