OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flick affair

The Flick affair was a West German political scandal of the early 1980s relating to donations by the Flick company, a major German conglomerate, to various political parties, according to Flick manager Eberhard von Brauchitsch, "for the cultivation of the political landscape". Otto Graf Lambsdorff, the federal minister for economic affairs, was forced to resign in 1984 after being accused of accepting bribes from CEO Friedrich Karl Flick.
The affair was made public by the news magazine Der Spiegel, which also gave the public access to documents and files that had been confiscated from the Flick company.

## Affair

The Flick affair began in 1975 with a share trade where the Flick company sold shares worth 1.9 Billion Deutsche Mark from Daimler AG to the Deutsche Bank. In January 1976, the Flick Company filed a tax exemption for this deal at the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs, which was approved by Minister Hans Friderichs (FDP) and later also by his successor and party colleague Otto Graf Lambsdorff.
In 1981, tax fraud investigator Klaus Förster, after lengthy inquiries, found evidence that there had been money transfers from the Flick company to all parties that were represented in the German Bundestag parliament. A cash book kept by Flick company accountant Rudolph Diehl listed that next to other transfers, 250,000 Deutsche Mark were transferred to CSU chairman Franz Josef Strauss and 565,000 Deutsche Mark were transferred to CDU chairman Helmut Kohl, as well as payments to FDP and SPD politicians.

## Trial

Lambsdorff resigned from his office as a federal minister on 27 June 1984, after formal accusation was admitted at the Bonn regional court, and Friedrichs had to step down as the CEO of the Dresdner Bank. On the basis testimonies and documents, however, a quid pro quo was impossible to prove.
On 16 February 1987, Friderichs, Lambsdorff and von Brauchitsch were only found guilty of tax evasion and assistance to tax evasion respectively. Von Brauchitsch received a suspended sentence, and both politicians were sentenced to a monetary penalty.
The Kohl government tried to pass a bill in 1984 which implied that everyone who had improperly received tax deductions for donations to political parties would be given an amnesty.

## Committee of inquiry

In 1984 the Bundestag found a committee to investigate. Two years of proceedings clarified that between 1969 and 1989, politicians of all major parties (CDU, CSU, FDP, and SPD) had received money from the Flick company: a total of 25 million Deutsche Mark.
During the proceedings, the CDU politician Rainer Barzel resigned from his office as President of the Bundestag on 25 October 1984. He had been accused of being entangled in the Flick scandal; a charge rejected by both the inquiry committee and the prosecuting authorities two years later.
Green MP Otto Schily, member of the investigation committee, later filed a complaint against Chancellor Helmut Kohl for alleged false testimony.
# Akam (surname)

Akam is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dave Akam (born 1960), English track and road cyclist
* Michael Akam (born 1952), British zoologist
* Simon Akam, British journalist and historian
# Willard A. Hanna

Willard Anderson Hanna (August 3, 1911 – October 5, 1993) was an American writer of Southeast Asian history and works of fiction as well as a teacher. Hanna wrote politics, history, and historical fiction. He wrote Bali Chronicles with Adrian Vickers. Hanna co-authored Turbulent Times Past in Ternate and Tidore on the history of the Maluku Islands and Banda Neira with Des Alwi.

## Biography

He was from Cross Creek, Pennsylvania, and graduated from the College of Wooster in Wooster, Ohio, in 1932. He traveled to China and taught English for four years in Shanghai and Hangzhou before returning to the United States and achieving a master's degree from Ohio State University in 1937 and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1939. He joined the Navy in early 1942 and served at the military's Japanese language school at the University of Colorado and then at a military program at Columbia University. He was part of the landings on Okinawa on April 1, 1945 (Battle of Okinawa) as a lieutenant commander, and remained in Okinawa for more than a year. His work there included helping establish schools.
He continued his career at the U.S. State Department for seven years, working in Manila, Tokyo and Jakarta, where he established the United States Information Services offices which he ran until 1952. In Washington, D.C., he graduated from the National War College in 1953 and was deployed to the United States Embassy in Tokyo as an information officer. He resigned from the State Department in 1954 and worked for the American Universities Field Staff in Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and Hong Kong before he retired in 1976.
He married Marybelle Bouchard. Hanna died in Hanover, New Hampshire, on October 5, 1993, at the age of 82.
# Botaniska Notiser

Botaniska Notiser was a Swedish scientific periodical concerning botany, issued in Lund, by Societate botanica Lundensi or [Lunds Botaniska Förening]. It was published from 1839 to 1980, when it fused with Botanisk Tidsskrift, Friesia and Norwegian Journal of Botany to form the Nordic Journal of Botany. In 2001, the journal reappeared as a regional journal for botany in south Sweden.
Monographs were published in a parallel series, Botaniska Notiser Supplement (1947–1954). This series was fused in 1980 with Dansk Botanisk Arkiv under the name Opera Botanica, which since then has been the monograph series of the Nordic Journal of Botany.

## Editors

* 1900–1921: C. F. O. Nordstedt
* 1922–1928: Harald Kylin
* 1929–1937: Nils Sylvén
* 1938–1949: Henning Weimarck
* 1950–1953: H. Hjelmqvist
* 1954–1955: Tycho Norlindh
* 1956–1957: Henning Weimarck
* 1958–1964: H. Hjelmqvist
* 1965–1966: Bertil Nordenstam
* 1967–1968: Rolf Dahlgren
* 1969–1970: Ingemar Björkqvist and Hans Runemark
* 1971–1972: Arne Strid
* 1972–1975: Gunnar Weimarck
* 1976–1979: Thomas Karlsson
* 2001–present: Kjell-Arne Olsson
# Life Is Beautiful (2014 film)

Life Is Beautiful is a 2014 Bollywood film that was directed by Manoj Amarnani, who also starred in the movie. The film was released in India on 22 August 2014 and stars Nancy Brunetta as Amarnani's co-star.

## Plot

Raj works in Toronto on a temporary visa and is living with his friend Prem, who resents Raj for invading what little living space he has. When Raj's application for permanent residency in Canada is denied, he decides to marry a complete stranger in hopes of getting approved. The woman, Pia, finds that she has to move in with Raj to make everything look legitimate, but as time passes the two find themselves becoming friends. However all of Raj's plans are potentially ruined when he meets Linda, a woman who makes him doubt his previous actions.

## Cast

* Manoj Amarnani for Raj
* Nancy Brunetta for Linda
* Anokhi Dalvi for Pia
* Parth Naik for Prem
* Master Aaryan for Rahul
* Jayiesh Singh for Rohit
* Sunaina Verma for Meghina
* Arjun Jasuja for Keswani
* Shaibal Datta for Jai
* Munish Kumar Joshi
* Kuldip Kumar Joshi

## Singers

All music is composed by John T. Hunt

## Reception

The Times of India rated the film at 2 stars, writing "Actor Manoj Amarnani juggles the multiple roles of director, background score composer, choreographer and stylist for the film. He dabbles in almost everything and in spite of being a newcomer, manages to make a film that is watchable if not memorable."
# List of science fiction television programs, Y

This is an inclusive list of science fiction television programs whose names begin with the letter Y.

## Y

Animated
* Yin Yang Yo! (2006–2009, US/Canada, animated)
* Yogi Bear (franchise) (elements of science fiction):
** Yogi's Space Race (1978, animated)
** Galaxy Goof-Ups (1978–1979, animated)
# Glass Eels

Glass Eels is a play written by Nell Leyshon, broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in July 2003. The play has also been performed on stage at the Hampstead Theatre, it is the second part of a planned quartet of Somerset plays covering the four seasons the first being the award winning Comfort Me with Apples.
The play is set on the Somerset Levels one August, probably on the River Parrett. While it explores a young girl's sexual awakening, and her acceptance of past loss, it also concerns eel fishing and a dying rural way of life.
# James Wickliffe Axtell

James Wickliffe Axtell (April 16, 1852 – December 23, 1909) was a newspaper man and prominent member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church.

## Biography

Axtell was born in Pennsylvania, the son of the Rev. Dr. Philip Axtell who founded a number of Cumberland Presbyterian Church congregations in Pennsylvania, most notably the First Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Pittsburgh. An alternative spelling of his name is James Wycliffe Axtell.
Beginning at about age thirteen, James worked in the Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, printing office and set type for The Cumberland Presbyterian, the official newspaper of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church denomination. After graduating from Waynesburg University, a Cumberland Presbyterian Church institution, he was one of the founders of the Waynesburg Independent. He also helped to establish the National Stockman and Farmer which became one of America's primary agricultural newspapers. For about twenty-two years Axtell was either editor, manager, or managing editor.
J. W. Axtell married Mary Helen "Nellie" Minor in 1874. They had two sons, Philip Phillips Axtell and Clay Minor Axtell, and one daughter, Clara Eliza Axtell who married Charles Poynter.
In 1898, Axtell accepted the position of business manager with the St. Louis Observer. On the death of the paper's editor/publisher David Madison Harris in 1900, Axtell became The Observer's managing editor. Later in 1900, with the sale of The Observer to the Cumberland Presbyterian Publishing House, Axtell accepted a similar position in connection with The Cumberland Presbyterian newspaper (now relocated to Nashville, Tennessee). A year later he was made General Manager of the Cumberland Presbyterian Publishing House.
Axtell had been a member of the Shady Avenue Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Pittsburgh soon after its organization, and for eight years was the successful superintendent of Shady Avenue's Sunday school. From this experience he authored several books about Christian education. Axtell remained manager of the Cumberland Presbyterian Publishing House until poor health forced his resignation in 1908. He died on December 23, 1909.

## Books by James Wickliffe Axtell

* Axtell, J. W. The Organized Sunday School: A Working Manual for Officers, Nashville, Tenn.: The Cumberland Press, 1902.
* Axtell, J. W. The Teaching Problem: A Message to Sunday School Workers. Nashville, Tenn.: The Cumberland Press, 1902.

## Sources

* The Cumberland Presbyterian, April 19, 1900, page 483.
* The Cumberland Presbyterian, December 30, 1909, page 821
# Dylan Eagleson

Dylan Eagleson is an Irish amateur boxer. While representing the Republic of Ireland he won a silver medal at the 2022 European Championships, and while representing Northern Ireland he won a gold medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
# Ultraviolet fixed point

In a quantum field theory, one may calculate an effective or running coupling constant that defines the coupling of the theory measured at a given momentum scale. One example of such a coupling constant is the electric charge.
In approximate calculations in several quantum field theories, notably quantum electrodynamics and theories of the Higgs particle, the running coupling appears to become infinite at a finite momentum scale. This is sometimes called the Landau pole problem.
It is not known whether the appearance of these inconsistencies is an artifact of the approximation, or a real fundamental problem in the theory. However, the problem can be avoided if an ultraviolet or UV fixed point appears in the theory. A quantum field theory has a UV fixed point if its renormalization group flow approaches a fixed point in the ultraviolet (i.e. short length scale/large energy) limit. This is related to zeroes of the beta-function appearing in the Callan–Symanzik equation. The large length scale/small energy limit counterpart is the infrared fixed point.

## Specific cases and details

Among other things, it means that a theory possessing a UV fixed point may not be an effective field theory, because it is well-defined at arbitrarily small distance scales. At the UV fixed point itself, the theory can behave as a conformal field theory.
The converse statement, that any QFT which is valid at all distance scales (i.e. isn't an effective field theory) has a UV fixed point is false. See, for example, cascading gauge theory.
Noncommutative quantum field theories have a UV cutoff even though they are not effective field theories.
Physicists distinguish between trivial and nontrivial fixed points. If a UV fixed point is trivial (generally known as Gaussian fixed point), the theory is said to be asymptotically free. On the other hand, a scenario, where a non-Gaussian (i.e. nontrivial) fixed point is approached in the UV limit, is referred to as asymptotic safety. Asymptotically safe theories may be well defined at all scales despite being nonrenormalizable in perturbative sense (according to the classical scaling dimensions).

## Asymptotic safety scenario in quantum gravity

Steven Weinberg has proposed that the problematic UV divergences appearing in quantum theories of gravity may be cured by means of a nontrivial UV fixed point. Such an asymptotically safe theory is renormalizable in a nonperturbative sense, and due to the fixed point physical quantities are free from divergences. As yet, a general proof for the existence of the fixed point is still lacking, but there is mounting evidence for this scenario.
# Daisy Blanche King

Daisy Blanche King (1875–1947) was an American painter and sculptor.

## Biography

King was born in Washington, D.C., and had most of her schooling in that city at the Corcoran School of Art, from which she received a medal; her instructors included Eliphalet Frazer Andrews, Ulric Stonewall Jackson Dunbar, and Henry J. Ellicott. She also studied at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston with Bela Pratt. From this stage of her career she left an account of an attempted visit she paid with her father in 1893 to Winslow Homer at his studio in Prout's Neck, Maine.
King remained active in the city of her birth until around 1900, exhibiting her work with the Society of Washington Artists and the Washington Water Color Club. She had moved to New York by 1910, remaining there at least until 1940. In the former year she showed at the National Academy of Design; she appeared in exhibits with the Society of Independent Artists in 1922 and 1932. St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, contains a bronze tablet from Tiffany & Co. to King's design, memorializing Arthur Lawrence, a former rector, which was unveiled in 1912. An 1891 drawing titled Come Along, in pen and ink over graphite on wove paper, was formerly owned by the Corcoran Gallery of Art; at that institution's dissolution, it was acquired by the National Gallery of Art. King also produced a mural for the Gurley Memorial Church in Washington, D.C., and was active as a portraitist.
King died in 1947.
# Bossio

Bossio is a surname of Spanish origin. It is similar to Bosio.

## List of people with the surname

* Agustín Bossio (born 1983), Argentine football Goalkeeper
* Ángel Bossio (1905–1978), Argentine football Goalkeeper
* Bill Bossio (1928–2016), American boxer
* Carlos Bossio (born 1973), Argentine professional footballer
* Diego Bossio (born 1979), Argentine economist
* Lucas Bossio (born 1990), Argentine professional footballer
* Miguel Bossio (born 1960), Uruguayan footballer
* Mike Bossio (born 1960 or 1961), Canadian politician
* Paula Bossio, Australian author and illustrator
* Sara Bossio (born 1938), Uruguayan lawyer and former judge
# François Caron (disambiguation)

François Caron (1600–1673) was a French Huguenot refugee to the Netherlands who served the Dutch East India Company and explored Japan.
François Caron may also refer to:
* François Caron (politician) (1766–1848), representative of Saint-Maurice in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
* François Caron (historian) (1931–2014), French economic historian
* François Caron (actor), French cinema and television actor
* François Caron (French Navy officer) (born 1937), French Navy officer and historian
# Campsicnemus popeye

Campsicnemus popeye is a species of carnivorous fly described in 2013. It was discovered from the Society Islands in French Polynesia. The species is named after the famous cartoon character Popeye the Sailor Man because of the enlarged tibia (which are like the bulging forearms of Popeye). The species is in fact among a group of six new species described as "Popeye flies". The specimen was collected in 2006 during an expedition to Tahiti.

## Discovery and etymology

Campsicnemus popeye was discovered as a part of Terrestrial Arthropods of French Polynesia Survey funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. The survey covered the Society Islands of French Polynesia during 2004 and 2007, and the survey successfully discovered dozens of new species. The survey team was led by Neal L. Evenhuis, former president of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature and a Senior Research Entomologist at the Bishop Museum in Hawaii. The formal description was published on 3 August 2013 in the journal Zootaxa. Evenhuis, known for his eccentric style of giving binomial names, gave the specific name C. popeye because the swollen mid-tibia (middle legs) of the fly somewhat resemble the bulging forearms of the well-known cartoon hero Popeye the Sailor Man

## Description

Adult Campsicnemus popeye has a body length between 3 and 3.2 mm, and wing length of 3.1 to 3.6 mm. Its head is black in colour with dark-brown toward the front face. It has a pair of antennae and a pair of compound eyes, which are distinctively red. The antennal segments are a mixture of black and yellow patterns. The main body (thorax) is yellow, while its setae are black. The mid-tibia is particularly enlarged towards the apical region, somewhat like the swollen forearms of Popeye. The wing membrane is uniformly pale-smoky coloured. The abdominal segments (tergites) are largely brown, with yellow stripes on the sites of tergites II and IV. Each tergite has numerous short black hairs on the dorsal side, and few long hairs on the side. The main difference of a female from a male is absence of large spiny setae on the legs, and the swollen legs.

## Biology

Male Campsicnemus popeye use their enlarged tibiae for attracting females. It was humorously reported that the fly does not like spinach, in contrast to its namesake, and is in fact strictly carnivorous. However, much like Popeye trying to woo Olive Oyl, the male fly flexes its muscular legs during courtship rituals to impress the potential mate. They are found to congregate around bodies of water.
# C12H18ClN

The molecular formula C$_{12}$H$_{18}$ClN may refer to:
* Mefenorex
* Xylamine
# Washington Renegades RFC

The Washington Renegades are a Division III and Division IV rugby union club based in Washington D.C. Established on October 24, 1998, by Mark Hertzog.
In October 1999, the club played its first 15s match against the Roanoke Rugby Football Club. In July 2000, the team competed in a sevens tournament held in London, England, against teams from London and Manchester. In May 2001, the club held its inaugural International Rugby Invitational, which included teams from San Francisco, Manchester, England and Buenos Aires. Also attending were individual players from Chicago, London and Melbourne. In 2002 and 2004, the club participated in the IGRAB Rugby Festival and Mark Bingham Cup, named for former UC Berkeley and San Francisco Fog RFC rugby player Mark Bingham, who died on September 11, 2001.
# Berrien (surname)

Berrien is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Frank Berrien (1877–1951), American football coach
* Jacqueline A. Berrien (1961–2015), American lawyer
* John Berrien (1711–1772), American judge
* John Berrien (major) (1759–1815), American military officer
* John M. Berrien (1781–1856), American senator
* Lucille Berrien (born 1928) American political activist
# James Whyte Kelly

James Whyte Kelly (1855 – 15 December 1938) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician, initially of the Liberal Party but later an Independent Liberal.

## Biography

Kelly was born in 1855 at Carluke, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. He became an orphan aged 14. He learned the trade of a tailor, and married Elizabeth Millar, the daughter of James Millar of Motherwell in Lanarkshire. The couple emigrated in 1875 on the Aldergrove to New Zealand, landing in Port Chalmers in Otago. They later moved south to Invercargill.
He represented the Invercargill electorate in the House of Representatives from 1890. He was in favour of land nationalisation and progressive taxes.
In 1895, he broke away from the Liberal Party and became an Independent Liberal. He was defeated in the 1899 election.
From 1892 to 1894, Kelly served as president of the federated New Zealand Workers' Union.
Kelly died on 15 December 1938.
# Annie Mack

Annie Mack Berlein (c. 1850 - June 22, 1935) was an Irish-born American actress.
She appeared in productions opposite leading actors of her day including Edwin Booth and Joseph Jefferson (for three years in his run as Rip Van Winkle), and also appeared in a number of Harrigan and Hart productions where she played the leading female role. She retired from the stage in 1928 after fifty-five years of acting.
She was married to actor Edward J. Mack. Berlein was her maiden name but it was added to later stage appearances. She died in New York at the Home for Incurables in June 1935, survived by a daughter and grandson.
# Iolaus ismenias

Iolaus ismenias, the white sapphire, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Uganda and Ethiopia. The habitat consists of dry savanna.
The larvae feed on Loranthus species.

## Subspecies

* Iolaus ismenias ismenias (Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, northern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Sudan, Uganda)
* Iolaus ismenias piaggiae Oberthür, 1883 (Ethiopia)