OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1823 in rail transport

This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1823.

## Events
### June events

* June 23 – Robert Stephenson, his father George Stephenson, Edward Pease and Michael Longridge form Robert Stephenson and Company in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, to build steam locomotives.

## Births
### September births

* September 27 – Frederick H. Billings, president of Northern Pacific Railway 1879–1881, is born (d. 1890).

### December births

* December 28 – Thomas Alexander Scott, president of Union Pacific Railroad 1871–1872 (d. 1881).
# Aerodynamic Forms in Space

Aerodynamic Forms in Space is a 2010 sculpture by Rodney Graham located at the Georgia Street entrance to Stanley Park in Vancouver, Canada. The work was commissioned by the City of Vancouver for the 2010 Winter Olympics. The inspiration for the sculpture was photos Graham took in 1977 of misassembled toy glider parts. The sculpture depicts airplane parts abstractly placed and painted to look like balsa wood.

## History

The sculpture was created by Rodney Graham. It was commissioned for the Olympic and Paralympic Public Art Program as part of the 2010 Winter Olympics by the City of Vancouver.
In creating this piece, Graham wanted to explore modernism's history. He was inspired by toy glider parts he misassembled in 1977, then photographed. The name of the sculpture comes from the name of the exhibit of this series of photographs. In creating this sculpture, Graham rearranged pieces from three airplane model sets. He wanted the sculpture to resemble a work by Anthony Caro.
Construction crews started preparing the site for the sculpture in December 2009. The sculpture was installed on its site in January 2010.

## Description

The sculpture abstractly depicts a blue elastic band, a plastic, red propeller that is turned by the wind, and wheels that move up and down in a short distance. Parts resembling an airplane wing, fuselage and tail are painted to resemble balsa wood. The base of the sculpture looks like a structure that a model airplane would be placed on. A plaque with the sculpture's name, resembling a sticker, is placed on the base. It is 35 ft (11 m) tall and mostly made of stainless steel.
The sculpture is located at the Georgia Street entrance at the northeast side of Stanley Park. The site was previously used as a planter.
The sculpture makes reference to El Lissitzky's artistic style of Proun and Caro's metal sculptures.
This was the third permanent sculpture that Graham has created for the city of Vancouver.

## Reception

Patrik Andersson, associate professor at Emily Carr University of Art and Design, praised the work for interpreting utopian traditions with pop culture references. Sarah Milroy, writing for The Globe and Mail, called the sculpture "serious fun". Kevin Griffin with the Vancouver Sun said the sculpture has recognisable parts from an airplane modelling set, but that it "resembles a model airplane sent through a malfunctioning transporter from Star Trek."
# Desnitro-imidacloprid

Desnitro-imidacloprid is a metabolite of the insecticide imidacloprid, a very common insecticide and the most important member of the class of insecticides called neonicotinoids, the only significant new class of insecticides to be developed between 1970 and 2000. While imidacloprid has proved highly selective against insects, the desnitro- version is highly toxic to mammals, due to its agonist action at the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the mammalian brain, at least as demonstrated in experiments involving mice.
# Ashburton railway station

Ashburton railway station is a closed railway station situated in the town of Ashburton in Devon, England. It was the terminus of a branch line from Totnes.

## History

Ashburton station, along with the rest of the branch from Totnes, was opened by the Buckfastleigh, Totnes and South Devon Railway on 1 May 1872. The railway was amalgamated into the Great Western Railway in 1897 and this in turn was nationalised into British Railways on 1 January 1948. The station closed to passengers in November 1958 although goods traffic on the line continued until 7 September 1962.
The station was briefly re-opened by the Dart Valley Railway, a heritage railway, on 5 April 1969 following which occasional works trains operated but the station was closed finally in 1971 when the track bed between Ashburton and Buckfastleigh was needed for improvements to the A38 road. The South Devon Railway, a successor to the Dart Valley Railway, still operates the remainder of the branch between Totnes and Buckfastleigh.

## The site today

The station buildings with the important overall roof and the nearby goods shed both still stand as reminders of the town's railway past.
In 2014/15, the planners within the Dartmoor National Park Authority (DPNA) working with Teignbridge District Council (TDC - the managing local government authority), recommended that the residual trackbed within the town, together with the area surrounding the station - a total of 3.5 hectares (8.6 acres) - be designated for redevelopment under the Chuley Road Masterplan. In their final Masterplan, issued in 2015, the former trackbed up to and including land close to the former station site were proposed to be used for developing housing, a supermarket and light industrial units. The "Friends of Ashburton Station" (FoAS), backed by the South Devon Railway Trust (SDRT), successfully legally challenged the Masterplan, with the courts decreeing that the plan had to return to draft status, as it had not been fully consulted on by local residents. FoAS and the SDRT are now working on a £20M proposal to eventually return heritage railway services to the unique station, whilst in the short term using the site for local arts, educational and training initiatives. Following further investigations, DNPA and TDC have presently formally withdrawn the Masterplan, although they presently will consider individual planning applications within the designated Chuley Road site, on their individual basis and within the existing local planning map of TDC.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Buckfastleigh | Great Western Railway Ashburton branch railway | Terminus |
# Johan Erik Rydqvist

Johan Erik Rydqvist (20 October 1800 – 17 December 1877) was a Swedish linguist. He was a member of the Swedish Academy from 1849 until his death, and served as its permanent secretary from 19 October 1868 to 4 March 1869.
# List of islands of County Down

Ireland has three inhabited islands along with 258 sometime inhabited islands. The following is a list of islands in County Down, Northern Ireland, including tidal islands, tied islands and scaddies:
* Top
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## A

Angus Rock

## B

Bird Island (Mahee), Bird Island (Downpatrick)

## C

Cannon Rock, Castle Island (Downpatrick), Castle Island (Ring Haddy), Copeland Island

## D

Dodd's Island, Dunsy Island

## G

Gibb's Island, Gores Island, Guns/Gunns Island

## H

Hare Island

## I

Island Taggart, Islandmore

## L

Lighthouse Island

## M

Mahee Island, Mew Island

## P

Pawle Island

## R

Reagh Island

## S

Salt Island, Simmy Island
# Cass Township

Cass Township may refer to:

## Illinois

* Cass Township, Fulton County, Illinois

## Indiana

* Cass Township, Clay County, Indiana
* Cass Township, Dubois County, Indiana
* Cass Township, Greene County, Indiana
* Cass Township, LaPorte County, Indiana
* Cass Township, Ohio County, Indiana
* Cass Township, Pulaski County, Indiana
* Cass Township, Sullivan County, Indiana
* Cass Township, White County, Indiana

## Iowa

* Cass Township, Boone County, Iowa
* Cass Township, Cass County, Iowa
* Cass Township, Cedar County, Iowa
* Cass Township, Clayton County, Iowa
* Cass Township, Guthrie County, Iowa
* Cass Township, Hamilton County, Iowa
* Cass Township, Harrison County, Iowa
* Cass Township, Jones County, Iowa
* Cass Township, Shelby County, Iowa
* Cass Township, Wapello County, Iowa

## Missouri

* Cass Township, Douglas County, Missouri, in Douglas County, Missouri
* Cass Township, Greene County, Missouri
* Cass Township, Stone County, Missouri, in Stone County, Missouri
* Cass Township, Texas County, Missouri

## Ohio

* Cass Township, Hancock County, Ohio
* Cass Township, Muskingum County, Ohio
* Cass Township, Richland County, Ohio

## Pennsylvania

* Cass Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
* Cass Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
# BookmarkSync

BookmarkSync is an automatic synchronization service that allows users to access their bookmarks or favorites from any computer or web browser. The BookmarkSync client runs as a program within the computer's system tray and monitors the bookmarks in the user's browser, automatically uploading any changes to a central server.

## History

SyncIT.com Inc. was founded by Michael Berneis and Terence Way in November 1998. The website went live in March 1999. After a server failure in September 2003, the entire project was open-sourced. The rights for SyncIT.com were taken over by Jhas Dean, who ran Sync2It.com and BookmarkSync.com. Dean developed a new client for the latest browsers, including Firefox and Mac platform.

## Features

The BookmarkSync client software enables social bookmarking and bookmark data clustering. The user data input requirements of web-based systems incorporating tagging to build a folksonomy, are eliminated by the automated BookmarkSync client software. Sync2It.com has added bookmark clustering and user bookmark ratios to their search results. Recent updates include BookmarkSync client software include support for Unicode, fast search and locate, local backup and restore functions, local site validation, social bookmark browsing, and multiple language support (German, French, Danish, Dutch, Czech, and Spanish). The BookmarkSync service is free.
# Georgina Mello

Georgina Maria Augusta Benrós de Mello (born December 1, 1953) is a Cape Verdean economist and former director-general of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries from 2014 to 2020.

## Biography
### Education

Georgina Benrós de Mello was born in the island of São Vicente in Cape Verde. After her education in Paul in the island of Santo Antão, she studied economics at the Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão in Lisbon. After she received her license, she attended at CENFA in Cape Verde, FUNDAP in Brazil and the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh in western Pennsylvania. Later, she graduated in tourist and development studies at the University of Cape Verde with a work entitled "Virtual Museums of the Countryside of Cape Verde: For an Alternative Touristic Model" ("Museu virtual de paisagens de Cabo Verde – Por um modelo alternativo de turismo")

### Career

After finishing her studies, she worked as an economist, she travelled to East Timor where she was an agent for investitures and exports.

### Director-general of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries

In February 2014, she became director-general of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. She succeeded the chairman from Guinea-Bissau Hélder Vaz Lopes. In February 2020, she was succeeded as director-general by Armindo de Brito Fernandes of São Tomé and Príncipe.
In 2015, Mello received a Women's Award, an award for outstanding achievement of Portuguese women.
# Jai Mangal Kanojiya

Jai Mangal Kanojiya is an Indian politician and a member of the 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents Maharajganj and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early life and education

Kanojiya was born 3 February 1976 in Maharajganj District, Uttar Pradesh to Gabbu Prasad Jaimangal Kanojiya. He belongs to the Dhobi scheduled caste and is an agriculturist by profession.

## Political career

Kanojiya ran in the 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (2017) elections as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was elected to represent Maharajganj, defeating Bahujan Samaj Party candidate Nirmesh Mangal by a margin of 68,361 votes (27.95%).

## Controversy

In April 2018, a video of Kanojiya gambling and drinking at Tiger Resort Casino in Rupendahi District, Nepal was made public.

## Posts held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | March 2017 | Incumbent | Member, 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh | |
# Devil's Bride

Devil's Bride or The Devil's Bride may refer to:
* Devil's Bride (1974 film), a 1974 Lithuanian film
* Devil's Bride (2016 film), a 2016 Finnish film
* Devil's Bride (manhwa), a Korean comic series
* The Devil Rides Out (film), a 1968 British film known as The Devil's Bride in the United States
# Askamaboo

Askamaboo also spelled Askamapoo or Askommopoo was a female Wampanoag sachem (also known as a paramount chief), whose territory was on the island Nantucket. She acted as sachem during the late 17th century.

## Life

The Wampanoag were semisedentary and lived between fixed sites, moving seasonally within eastern Massachusetts and the islands. Askamaboo was one of several women to earn the title of sachem, typically achieved through matrilineal property amassed or as a widow to a deceased sachem. Askamaboo's family had amassed a large amount of land on Nantucket.
Askamaboo was the daughter of the Sachem Nickanoose and his first, highest ranking wife. Nickanoose gave her hand in marriage to Nantucket sachem Spotso with whom she had her son Daniel. Nickanoose transferred all of his property to his daughter, an exchange with lasting legal documents and witnessed by the Chappaquiddick sachem Pakeponessoo, and a second Wampanoag named Papumahchohoo. The written will was dated to August 18, 1660 by the Nantucket Historical Association.
Though she recognized the importance of literacy, she herself was not literate–the Massachusetts Historical Society has a letter transferring her power of attorney to her son, Daniel Spatssoo, which she needed to have transcribed. Her son would go on to become another sachem after her.
# Diptych of Devotion

The Diptych of Devotion was a small altarpiece in tempera and gold on poplar panel, painted in the 1280s by Cimabue. It is thought to have originally consisted of two panels, each with four scenes from the life and passion of Christ. These are thought to have been split up for the art market in the 19th century.
Only three scenes from the left panel are known to have survived: the Virgin and Child with Two Angels (National Gallery, London), the Mocking of Christ (Louvre, Paris) and the Flagellation of Christ (Frick Collection, New York).
# Carl Berg

Carl Edwin Berg (born 1938) is an American businessman, real estate investor and venture capitalist. He has been included in Forbes magazine's list of the 400 richest people in America several times, and in March 2013 his net worth was estimated at $1.1 billion.

## Early life

Carl Berg was born and raised in New Mexico. He has one brother, Clyde Berg, also a real estate developer.

## Career

Berg worked as a loan officer in Texas and then moved to California in the 1970s where he took a job running a mortgage company in Sunnyvale. In California, he partnered with real estate agent, John A. Sobrato, and pooling their owned capital, founded Midtown Realty. In 1979, they re-focused their business on building industrial campuses for the tech industry.

## Investments

Berg acquired Mission West Properties Real Estate Investment Trust in 1997, and sold it to realty developer Divco West in December 2012 for $1.3 billion.
Berg has invested in more than 100 technology startups. He began by investing in companies that were tenants of his Silicon Valley office buildings, occasionally trading office space for company stock. Berg's technology investments include the consulting firm International Network Services, which he bought from Lucent Technologies in 2002. He is a major investor in Verifyme, Inc. He is a major investor in Valence Technologies, owning 52% of the company and serving as chairman in 2011. He has also invested in Summit Semiconductor, and is on the board of directors of LynuxWorks.
Berg is also one of the founders of Berg LLC, also known as Berg Health, a biopharma company using AI approaches. In 2014, Berg invested in the development of a new prostate cancer test through BERG LLC.

## Personal life

Berg is married, with one daughter, and resides in Atherton, California.
In 1982, Berg's wife and daughter were kidnapped, escaped unharmed, and the perpetrators were caught.
# Gin'nnah Muhammad

Gin'nnah Muhammad (pronounced /jenna) (born in Detroit, Michigan, July, 1963), is a Muslim African American woman who was dismissed from a Michigan small claims court in 2006 by a judge because she was wearing a veil (as required under Islam). The judge claimed he needed to see her face to assess her truthfulness.
In 2009 Gin'nnah Muhammad went on to the Michigan Supreme Court and spoke to the panel of judges wearing her veil. The result was that the court ruled that judges could regulate the clothing of witnesses.
# Gulfsat

Gulfsat provides satellite communications solutions in the state of Kuwait. It was established in 1995 with the partnership of the Kuwait Ministry of Communications and Hughes Network Systems. Gulfsat is a member of KIPCO Group, the region's leading investment group.

## Company history

Gulfsat started in 1995 by leasing ministry of communication uplink facility in Um Al-Hayman. In 2002 Gulfsat started expanding its operations by investing in building two worldwide hubs in the United States and Germany currently not operationally. Gulfsat owns and operates its own communications infrastructure through leasing satellite capacity from AM-44 satellite Russian satellite owned by RISCC, thus maintaining long-term partnerships with its customers. Gulfsat is not the only licensed satellite service provider in the State of Kuwait.
# Winfried Vahland

Winfried Vahland (born 1 April 1957 in Beckum, Germany) was the chairman of the board and CEO at Škoda Auto, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. In 2024, Mr. Vahland became chairman of the board at Swedish-Chinese automaker Polestar.

## Biography

Vahland graduated from Darmstadt Technical University, majoring in mechanical engineering and business administration (Diplom-Wirtschaftsingenieur). He participated in master’s programme in business administration (MBA) at the General Motors Institute, Michigan, United States.
In 1984 Vahland began working as a project analyst of European investments at Adam Opel AG. In 1987 he became head of manufacturing strategy review at General Motors Europe.
In 1990 Vahland joined Audi AG as director of controlling. In 1993 he was assigned to Volkswagen AG as director of group controlling. Between 1995 and 1997 he was responsible for coordinating sales for the Volkswagen brand and the Volkswagen Group and additionally for Volkswagen brand sales in the Asia-Pacific region. Vahland was appointed as the finance executive director of Volkswagen Brazil in 1997. One year later, he became the company’s vice president for finance and corporate strategy. He also took responsibility for the Argentine market.
In August 2002, he became a member of the board of directors at Škoda, where he was subsequently promoted to vice chairman of the board of directors one year later. In July 2005, he assumed the position of president and CEO of Volkswagen (China) Investment Company (subsidiary of Volkswagen Group China), as well as global vice president of Volkswagen AG. He was appointed executive vice president of Volkswagen AG the following year (July 2006). In September 2010, Vahland returned to Mladá Boleslav, and was appointed Škoda board chairman.
Vahland received honorary doctorate degrees from the University of Economics in Prague in January 2006 and from the Dalian University of Technology in July 2012. In 2006 he also received honorary citizenship of Changchun. Shanghai Tongji University appointed him advisory professor in November 2007. In 2012, Vahland became the first German to receive an honorary citizenship of Chengdu, China.
In 2015, Vahland was named head of North American division of Volkswagen, but subsequently resigned from the company two weeks after the appointment.
# Born in Georgia

Born in Georgia (Georgian: დაბადებული საქართველოში, translit Dabadebulebi sakartveloshi) is a 2011 Georgian drama film directed by Tamar Shavgulidze.

## Cast

* Nutsa Kukhianidze as Nuca kukhianidze
* Tamar Bziava as Tamri Bziava
* Vano Tarkhnishvili
* Giorgi Giorganashvili
# 1863 in Brazil

Events in the year 1863 in Brazil.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Pedro II
* Prime Minister: Marquis of Olinda

## Births

* 19 November - Borges de Medeiros
# Agaraea ockendeni

Agaraea ockendeni is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Peru.
# Diaphorodoris luteocincta

Diaphorodoris luteocincta is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calycidorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Vallø (Tønsberg), Norway. It is reported from Norway south along the Atlantic Ocean coasts of Europe to the Mediterranean Sea.

## Description

The maximum recorded body length is 8 mm.
# Carl Berger (historian)

Carl Berger FRSC (born 25 February 1939) is a Canadian academic and author. He was a professor of Canadian history at the University of Toronto from 1964 until his retirement in 2003. His research interests are Canadian intellectual history and Canadian historiography. His 1976 book, The Writing of Canadian History, was the first in-depth study of Canadian historiography, eliciting critical praise and winning the Governor General's Award.

## Early life and education

Carl Berger was born in The Pas, Manitoba, on 25 February 1939. He earned his bachelor's degree at the University of Manitoba in 1961 and his master's degree at the University of Toronto in 1962. He completed his PhD at the University of Toronto in 1967, supervised by historian Maurice Careless.

## Academic career

Berger was appointed at the University of Toronto in 1964, serving as a professor in Canadian history until his retirement in 2003. He served as the doctoral advisor of several prominent Canadian historians, including Gerald Friesen, a professor at the University of Manitoba; Doug Owram, a professor, deputy vice chancellor and principal for the University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus; Brook Taylor, a professor at Mount St. Vincent University; Michael Gauvreau, a professor at McMaster University; and historian Marlene Shore.
Berger's research has focused on Canada's intellectual history and Canadian historiography. His 1970 book, The Sense of Power, argues that Canadian nationalism originated in British imperialism, concluding that "Imperialism was one form of Canadian nationalism." Historian Terry Crowley writes that the book "added a new dimension to historical scholarship in revealing the complicated roles that ideas play in history", and historian Adele Perry describes the book as anticipating historical disputes in the 1990s regarding the relationship between nation and empire. Writing in 2009, Perry describes the book as a "standard reference for studies of English Canada and imperialism".
Berger's 1976 book, The Writing of Canadian History, was the first in-depth work of Canadian historiography. The book earned critical praise and won the Governor General's Award. Crowley describes the book a "landmark", writing that it "cast a mirror on an academic discipline that had been little prone to introspection". Berger wrote a second edition of the book, published in 1986. In 1976, Berger was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and the Society awarded him the J. B. Tyrrell Historical Medal in 1984.