OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chionosphaera

Chionosphaera is a genus of fungi in the family Chionosphaeraceae. It has four species.

## Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by the mycologist Darrell Cox in 1976. He assigned Chionosphaera apobasidialis as the type species. Cox discovered this fungus after incubating dead bur oak tree branches (collected in Illinois) in a moist chamber for a few days and observing the resulting tiny white fruiting bodies emerging between the cracks of the bark. The genus name, which combines the Greek chion ('snow') with sphaira ('ball'), refers to the form of the fungus's glistening white fruiting body, which Cox described as a "tiny stalked snowball" when viewed under a microscope.
Cox suggested classifying Chionosphaera in the Filobasidiaceae, and proposed emending the description of this family to accommodate this inclusion. Instead, in 1982 the mycologists Franz Oberwinkler and Robert Bandoni proposed the family Chionosphaeraceae, with Chionosphaera as the type genus.

## Description

Chionosphaera apobasidialis produces tiny, white, club-shaped structures known as synnemata on the bark of dead branches from trees like bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), post oak (Q. stellata), and American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana). These structures look similar to those produced by certain types of imperfect fungi (fungi that do not have a known sexual stage) and some other basidiomycetes (a group of fungi that includes mushrooms).
In laboratory conditions, Chionosphaera apobasidialis can complete its life cycle on various types of growth media. Its spores, called basidiospores, germinate by budding—a process where a new cell forms directly from the parent cell. The fungus requires two different mating types (heterothallic) to reproduce sexually. It only forms its fruiting bodies in the lab when grown alongside another fungus, such as a species of Cladosporium or a similar mold.
The basidia (spore-producing cells) of Chionosphaera are a special type known as apobasidia, which are more commonly found in gasteromycetes (a group of fungi that includes puffballs) but are unique in this context among the hymenomycetes, a large group that includes most mushroom-forming fungi.

## Species

* Chionosphaera apobasidialis D.E.Cox (1976)
* Chionosphaera cuniculicola R.Kirschner, Begerow & Oberw. (2001)
* Chionosphaera erythrinae (Hansf.) R.Kirschner (2008)
* Chionosphaera phylaciicola (Seifert & Bandoni) R.Kirschner & Oberw. (2001)
Two lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) former members of the genus (C. coppinsii and C. lichenicola) were transferred to the genus Crittendenia in 2021.
# Edward Bamucwanira

Edward Bamucwanira (b. 1952) was an Anglican bishop in Uganda: he was Bishop of East Rwenzori from 2009 to 2018.
# 1963 Stanford Indians football team

The 1963 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1963 NCAA University Division football season. The team was led by first-year head coach John Ralston. Ralston succeeded Jack Curtice, who had been fired at the end of the previous season. The team played home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 21 | San Jose State* | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA (rivalry) | W 29–13 | |
| September 28 | Oregon* | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | L 7–36 | 31,000 |
| October 5 | UCLA | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | L 9–10 | 21,000 |
| October 12 | at Rice* | Rice StadiumHouston, TX | L 13–23 | |
| October 19 | at Washington | Husky StadiumSeattle, WA | L 11–19 | 54,213 |
| October 26 | Notre Dame* | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA (rivalry) | W 24–14 | 55,000 |
| November 2 | at Oregon State* | Parker StadiumCorvallis, OR | L 7–10 | 17,697 |
| November 9 | at USC | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA (rivalry) | L 11–25 | 57,035 |
| November 16 | Washington State* | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | L 15–32 | 27,500 |
| November 30 | California | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA (Big Game) | W 28–17 | 82,000 |
| *Non-conference game |||||
* ↑ Rescheduled from November 23 following the Kennedy assassination.

## Game summaries
### California

| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| California | 3 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 17 |
| • Stanford | 0 | 3 | 12 | 13 | 28 |
The 66th Big Game was scheduled for November 23, but after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, like nearly all sporting events, the game was canceled and rescheduled for the following week. Stanford was winless in the conference coming into the game, and following a California punt return for a touchdown, were behind their rival 17–9 late in the second half. But the Indians fought back, scoring the last 19 points in the game on two touchdowns and two field goals to win the game.

## Players drafted by the NFL/AFL

| Player | Position | Round | Pick | NFL/AFL Club |
| Steve Thurlow | Running back | 2 | 25 | New York Giants |
| Bob Nichols | Tackle | 9/18 | 122/142 | Pittsburgh Steelers/Houston Oilers |
| Dick Leeuwenburg | Tackle | 11/17 | 154/134 | Chicago Bears/Houston Oilers |
| Marv Harris | Linebacker | 13 | 175 | Los Angeles Rams |
* ↑ AFL Draft selections shown in italics.
* ↑ Signed with Pittsburgh.
* ↑ Signed with Chicago.
# John Colley Nixon

John Colley Nixon (baptised as John Coley Nixon on 18 August 1755, died 1818) was an English merchant and amateur artist.
One of the best-known amateur artists of the late eighteenth century, producing landscape paintings, engraved cartoons, and illustrations, Nixon made the greatest impact with his caricatures of urban life and was secretary of the Beefsteak Club.

## Early life

One of the sons of Robert Nixon, a successful City of London merchant of Irish origins, he had brothers called Robert (1759–1837), who became a clergyman, Richard, and James.

## Career

Nixon became a merchant, with his brother Richard, living and working in Basinghall Street, London. He was also a captain in the Guildhall Volunteers and honorary secretary of the Beefsteak Club. Exhibiting paintings at the Royal Academy of Arts between 1781 and 1813, he moved in leading social and artistic circles.
Nixon made many visits to Ireland and around Britain in the 1780s and 1790s, combining business and pleasure, as he made sketches of the places he visited. He also travelled on the continent, his first such tour being in 1783–1784. Some of his topographical drawings were included in William Watts‘s Seats of the Nobility and Gentry (1779–1786), and in 1786 the Royal Academy hosted an exhibition of his illustrations for Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy. In 1791 he was joined on one of his journeys to Ireland by Francis Grose, and the next year was in Bath with Thomas Rowlandson. He became a friend of the writer Elizabeth Craven while she was living at Brandenburgh House, Hammersmith, and notably acted in plays staged there. He drew many popular caricatures, which were often published by William Holland. These tended to satirise social events.
Nixon illustrated Thomas Pennant's Journey from London to the Isle of Wight (1801) and his Guide to Watering Places (1803).
Nixon’s brother the Rev. Robert Nixon also exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1790 and 1808. While he was curate at Foots Cray, in 1793, he was visited by J. M. W. Turner, who gave him lessons in landscape painting, and he was also taught by Stephen Rigaud. Another brother, James, painted miniatures.
In later life Nixon inherited an estate called Upland, at Ilford, Essex, from Richard Eastland, who was his great uncle.
A frequent visitor to the Isle of Wight, Nixon died on the island, at Ryde, in 1818.
# Kristian Ødegård

Kristian Ødegård (born 12 April 1974) is a Norwegian television personality.
He contributed to the film Get Ready to be Boyzvoiced in 2000, and later cooperated with Espen Eckbo and/or Henrik Elvestad in the mock reality show Nissene på låven (2001), the mock game show TV 2-nøttene and the mock talk show Tonight med Timothy Dale. Ødegaard presented Nissene på låven and TV 2-nøttene, the latter as a parody of Roald Øyen known from the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation programs Julenøtter and Påskenøtter. Ødegaard and Eckbo ran the production company Seefood.
In 2006 he won the second season of Skal vi danse?, Norway's Dancing with the Stars. After that he hosted the show together with Guri Solberg. In 2008 he was awarded the Se og Hør readers' TV personality of the year award. The same thing happened in 2010.
# Carlos Lamela

Carlos Lamela de Vargas (born October 10, 1957, in Madrid) is a Spanish architect, owner and executive president of Estudio Lamela.
Superior architect by the Technical School of Architecture of Madrid in 1981 and "designer" by the UIA of Florence (Italy) in 1984. His entire professional career has been spent at the architecture firm of Estudio Lamela, founded by his late father, Antonio Lamela, in 1954, and of which he is currently the chief executive and owner. Works carried out by the company under his guidance, particularly the large public facilities such as airports and soccer stadiums, has earned international awards and recognition by critics. See the Estudio Lamela article for the major projects.
He is former president of the Spanish chapter of the Urban Land Institute.
# Fanny Sanín

Fanny Sanín Sader (born 1938) is a Colombian born artist from Bogotá who resides in New York City. The daughter of Gabriel Sanín Tobón and Fanny Sader Guerra, she is best known for her paintings of abstract geometric forms and colors. She is considered to be part of the second generation of abstract artists from Colombia.
She was awarded an Honoris Causa de Magíster en Artes (honorary master's degree of art) by University of Antioquia in February, 2015.
Her work has been featured in a volume entitled, Fanny Sanín: The Concrete Language of Color and Structure, which appeared in 2019.

## Education and training

She graduated with a Master of Fine Arts from the University of Los Andes in 1960. She continued her studies in the areas of printmaking and art history at the University of Illinois. While living in London in the late 1960s, she studied engraving at the Chelsea School of Art.

## Work

Sanín has cited a number of specific influences, including Ellsworth Kelly, Wassily Kandinsky, and Henri Matisse. Her work is often compared to that of Carmen Herrera and Lygia Clark.
Sanín's work is in several public collections, including the Allen Memorial Art Museum in Oberlin, Ohio, where Sanín donated a painting in 2017. Acrylic No. 1, 2005 was donated by the artist in honor of the scholarly work of Edward J. Sullivan, Helen Gould Sheppard professor of Fine Arts at New York University. Additionally, the museum acquired three studies for this painting: Study for Painting No. 1 (3) 2005, Study for Painting No. 1 (5) 2005, and Study for Painting No. 1 (7) 2005.

## Exhibitions and collections

In 1993 her painting Acrylic No. 6 was added to the permanent collection of the Art Museum of the Americas. Some of her other works have been added to the permanent collections of the Museo de Arte Abstracto Manuel Felguérez, National Museum of Women in the Arts, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the Museo Nacional de Colombia.
Among the temporary exhibits in which she has participated are the Pinta Art Show (2007) and the Durban Segnini Gallery's Abstracción y Constructivismo: Continuidad y ruptura de la modernidad Latinoamericana (2015).
In 2023 her work was included in the exhibition Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970 at the Whitechapel Gallery in London.
# William Campbell (Medal of Honor, 1838)

William Campbell (born c. 1838) was a sailor in the U.S. Navy during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15, 1865.

## Military service

Campbell volunteered for service in the U.S. Navy and was assigned to the Union sloop-of-war USS Ticonderoga. His enlistment is credited to the state of Indiana.
On January 15, 1865, the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors, marines, and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry.

## Medal of Honor citation

"The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Boatswain's Mate William Campbell, United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving on board the U.S.S. TICONDEROGA during attacks on Fort Fisher, North Carolina, 24 and 25 December 1864; and 13 to 15 January 1865. Despite heavy return fire by the enemy and the explosion of the 100-pounder Parrott rifle which killed eight men and wounded 12 more, Boatswain's Mate Campbell, as Captain of a gun, performed his duties with skill and courage during the first two days of battle. As his ship again took position on the line of the 13th, he remained steadfast as the TICONDEROGA maintained a well-placed fire upon the batteries on shore, and thereafter, as she materially lessened the power of guns on the mound which had been turned upon our assaulting columns. During this action the flag was planted on one of the strongest fortifications possessed by the rebels."
General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 59 (June 22, 1865)
Action Date: January 15, 1865
Service: Navy
Rank: Boatswain's Mate
Division: U.S.S. Ticonderoga
# Mansour Mohamed

Mansour Mohamed Basha (born 3 September 1970) is a Kuwaiti footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Harry Hynd

Henry Hynd (4 July 1900 – 1 February 1985), known as Harry Hynd, was a British Labour Party politician.
He was first elected as a Member of Parliament for Hackney Central at the 1945 General Election. He moved seats at the 1950 General Election and represented Accrington until he retired from the House of Commons at the 1966 General Election. He died in Hendon aged 84.
# Edward Banks

Edward Banks may refer to:
* Edward Banks (architect) (1817–1866), English architect
* Edward Banks (builder) (1769–1835), British civil engineer who built several of London's bridges
* Edward Banks (cricketer) (1820–1910), Welsh-born English cricketer
* Edward Banks (naturalist) (1903–1988), British administrator, amateur naturalist and museum curator
* Edward Banks (politician) (1836–1883), Hamburg lawyer and politician
* Edward Banks (Syndicus) (1796–1851), Syndicus of the Free City of Hamburg
* Eddie Banks, fictional character in defunct British soap opera, Brookside
* Ned Banks, fictional character in television drama, Ghost Whisperer
# Caenis amica

Caenis amica is a species of mayfly in the genus Caenis. As with most mayflies, it has an average adult lifespan of only a few days and lives near rivers in the Americas.
# Kristian Østby (ice hockey)

Kristian Sjødahl Østby (born 30 January 1996) is a Norwegian ice hockey player for Stavanger Oilers and the Norwegian national team.
He represented Norway at the 2021 IIHF World Championship.
# Lotta på Liseberg

Lotta på Liseberg (Lotta at Liseberg), also called Allsång på Liseberg (Sing-along at Liseberg), is a Swedish sing-along show held at Stora scenen at the amusement park Liseberg in Gothenburg every Monday evening during the summers since 2004, hosted by Lotta Engberg and conducted by Curt-Eric Holmquist, the pianist. It is produced by Eyeworks. Since 2009-2014 it has been broadcast by TV4.

## Jul-Lotta på Liseberg

In December 2005 a winter sing-along show called Jul-Lotta på Liseberg (Christmas-Lotta at Liseberg) started ("Jul-Lotta"="Julotta + Lotta"). It has been broadcast by TV4 since 2011. The intro-song is "Hej, mitt vinterland" and the outro-song "O Holy Night" (O helga natt in Swedish). The show is broadcast on Sundays during the Christmas time and there are 4 programs.
# Fanny Schreck

Fanny Schreck (born Franziska Ott; 11 June 1877 – 11 December 1951), also known as Fanny Schreck-Normann, was a German actress. She was married to actor Max Schreck. Both husband and wife acted in their most well-known film, Nosferatu, with Fanny Schreck uncredited as the nurse and Max Schreck as the vampire Count Orlok.

## Selected filmography

* Nosferatu (1922)
* The Trunks of Mr. O.F. (1931)
* Marriage Strike (1935)
# Grégoire Coffinières de Nordeck

Grégoire Gaspard Félix Coffinières, later Coffinières de Nordeck (2 September 1811, in Castelnaudary – 7 January 1887) was a French general. He was commander of the École Polytechnique during the Second French Empire. During the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, he commanded the fortifications of Metz, which he surrendered without defending them.

## Biography

Grégoire Coffinières was the son of Alexandre Coffinières, a lawyer in Castelnaudary in the Aude department, and of Paule Adélaïde Marquier.
In 1829 he passed the entry exam of the École polytechnique, where as a student he took part in the Three Glorious Days of the revolution of July 1830. Graduating in 1831, 49th in a class of 113, he chose to become a combat engineer.
He attended the École d’application du Génie at Metz, and was then sent to Algeria. Returning to France in 1837, he embarked on the 1844 expedition to Morocco.
Appointed head of engineers at Auch in 1845, Coffinières returned to Morocco in 1849. He then left for Argentina, he created the first map of the La Plata Basin in 1850. Then a lieutenant colonel, he based the map on "documents collected in situ and the best partial plans of that region".
In 1855, he participated in the Crimean War, where he took part in the siege of Sevastopol and was promoted to Brigadier General.
Coffinières succeeded General Charles Eblé in the command of the École polytechnique from 1860 to 1865, in which year he was promoted to Divisional General. During the Franco-Prussian War, he served as superior commander of the fortifications of Metz. His conduct in this command is controversial, and he was later accused of surrendering the position without defending it. Coffinières sought to shift his responsibility on General François Achille Bazaine, although he had sole responsibility for the fortifications of Metz. When Bazaine was later tried for treason, the name of Coffinières was often cited at his trial.
Coffinières was captured and interned at Hamburg. Freed after the war, he left active duty in 1876 and retired in 1881. He died in 1887.

## Awards

By imperial decree of 2 November 1864, Coffinières was authorized to add de Nordeck, a name from his family's maternal branch, to his last name.
By decree on 22 September 1835, he became a Knight of France's Legion of Honour, later being promoted to Officer (decree: 2 December 1850), and then finally to the rank of Commander (decree: 15 July 1859).

## Sources

* Dictionnaire de Biographie Française, vol. 9, Paris, 1961
* Roger Martin, Coffinières de Nordeck, in Jean Tulard (ed.), Dictionnaire du Second Empire, Paris, Fayard, 1995, ISBN 2-213-59281-0, p. 311.
# E. Tredcroft's Ground

E. Tredcroft's Ground was a cricket ground at the Warnham Court estate, located at Horsham, Sussex. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1851, when the Gentlemen of Sussex played the Gentlemen of Surrey. Edward Tredcroft, after whom the ground is named, was part of the Gentlemen of Sussex team. The first first-class match held at the ground came in 1853 when Sussex played the Marylebone Cricket Club. Sussex played two further first-class matches at the ground; in 1854 and 1855, with both matches coming against the Marylebone Cricket Club. The 1855 fixture was the final recorded match on the ground. A woodland was later planted inside the boundary of the ground.
# Hareeba

Hareeba (1990–1997) was an Australian Thoroughbred racehorse who won six Black Type races including two Group One (G1) sprints in the 1990s.
He was a bay gelding sired by Al Hareb (won GB William Hill Futurity Stakes) out of Headford Lass (GB) (Red Alert (IRE)-Deep Company (GB)).

## Racing career

Hareeba had three starts as a two-year-old without success but returned at three, and, after two further defeats, broke his maiden at Yarra Glen on 28 October 1993. This was followed with wins at Ballarat, Moonee Valley, and Flemington. In his two city wins, he broke the course record for 1,200 metres in winning by nine lengths at Moonee Valley, and defeated the following year's Caulfield Cup winner, Paris Lane, by three lengths at Flemington. After a brief let-up, Hareeba was tried in Black Type company for the first time and finished a close second to Lady Jakeo in the 1994 Australia Made Stakes. While defeated, he had finished in front of the multiple Group One winners Primacy and Schillaci, but, in a foretaste of what would be ongoing issues over the next three years, was injured and had to be spelled.
At four, he failed first-up in the Manikato Stakes but won the Bobby Lewis Quality second-up and recorded further wins, later in the spring, in the Sir Rupert Steele Stakes and the Southcorp Stakes. In the new year, he resumed with an 'amazing display of sheer speed and power' in the 1995 Australia Made Stakes, which was run down the straight at Flemington (with Moonee Valley closed for renovations). Starting odds-on, Hareeba raced out to a massive lead on the flat side and won by five and a half lengths. At his next start, he raced below his best when unplaced behind Mahogany in the Lightning Stakes, and carried topweight of 58.5 kilograms when runner-up to All Our Mob in the Newmarket Handicap. Back to his best, he defeated Mahogany and Schillaci in the Stanley Wootton Stakes and again in the George Ryder Stakes (from which he was later disqualified). Hareeba was then injured and was off the scene for almost 12 months.
When he resumed in the 1996 Stanley Wootten Stakes, he started favourite but finished last of six behind All Our Mob. Following another let-up, he finished second to Mamzelle Pedrille in a Flying on the Gold Coast and scored a course record-breaking win in the QTC Cup, under topweight of 60 kilograms. Seemingly with the Stradbroke Handicap at his mercy, as he was dropping to 57 kilograms, Hareeba continued his 'enigmatic' ways and was unplaced. He returned at six for a final campaign, and was unplaced in the 1997 Rubiton Stakes before breaking down completely in trackwork. Connections tried to save him and wrapped his injured leg in bandages, but, ultimately, he had to be euthanased.
# Edson Samms

Edson De Sousa Samms Record (born 27 March 1995) is a Panamanian professional footballer who plays as winger.

## Playing career

Samms made his professional debut with Deportivo Lara in a 0-0 Venezuelan Primera División tie with Trujillanos F.C. on 7 February 2020.

## International career

Samms made his debut for the Panama national team in a 3-0 friendly loss to the United States on 29 January 2019.