OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Inherent vice

Inherent vice is the tendency in physical objects to deteriorate because of the fundamental instability of the components of which they are made, as opposed to deterioration caused by external forces. All objects have some kind of inherent vice as a result of the baseline law of entropy.

## Preservation issues

The term is broadly used in archival practice to recognize the material constraints of preservation activities. For example, many kinds of paper have acid in them that makes them chemically unstable. Over time, the acid will eat away the text on the page and cause paper to turn yellow or brown and become brittle. As the acid continues to break down the cellulose fibers, the paper disintegrates. In the world of philately, the adhesive on the back of stamps is both an inherent vice—any exposure to moisture will compromise their ability to be preserved—as well as the purpose for which the stamps were made. In the case of film, an example of inherent vice is the innate chemical instability of cellulose acetate film, which can result in the degradation known as "vinegar syndrome" due to the distinctive vinegar odor it produces.
Slowing this tendency of objects to self-destruct requires an understanding of how materials interact. This includes not just an understanding of the intrinsic qualities of the materials themselves, but also the way that they affect and are affected by the other materials that they come into contact with. For example, leather and metal are two materials which are frequently used in combination with each other, but react to each other over time to cause corrosion on the metal.
The presence of deteriorating agents is a problem which can be tempered by selecting archival quality materials, such as acid free paper. However, frequently the objective of manufacturers is to make a process (i.e. papermaking, book binding, etc.) faster and easier; the longevity of the items they produce is not their primary concern.

## Legal definition

The term inherent vice is used in law as well as in library and archival science. One legal definition of inherent vice is "an exclusion found in most property insurance policies eliminating coverage for loss caused by a quality in property that causes it to damage or destroy itself."
Inherent vice can be used as a justification for refusing to insure an item, as its intrinsically self-destructive nature may make it unacceptable risk to a carrier or insurer.
# Ahmed Mohamed Hassan

Ahmed Mohamed Hassan (born 1945) is a Djiboutian politician. He is a member of the People's Rally for Progress (RPP) and has served in the National Assembly of Djibouti as well as the Pan-African Parliament.

## Political career

At the roundtable talks in Paris regarding Djibouti's independence in 1977, Hassan was the spokesman of the Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast. A doctor by profession, he was a member of the National Assembly of Djibouti from 1977 to 1982. He was later Technical Adviser to the Ministry of Health from May 1994 to April 1996. Subsequently, he was Director of the Peltier General Hospital—the country's main hospital, located in the city of Djibouti—from August 1996 to December 1997.
Hassan was elected to the National Assembly again in the December 1997 parliamentary election as the 13th candidate on the joint candidate list of the RPP and the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD) in Djibouti Region. He was re-elected in the January 2003 parliamentary election as the 14th candidate on the candidate list of the Union for a Presidential Majority (UMP) coalition in Djibouti Region. Following this election, Hassan was elected as the Second Vice-president of the National Assembly on 21 January 2003.
On 10 March 2004, Hassan was chosen by the National Assembly as one of Djibouti's initial five members of the Pan-African Parliament.
Hassan was not included on the UMP's candidate list for the February 2008 parliamentary election, but subsequently he was appointed as an ambassador on 1 April 2008.
# Hygroamblystegium varium

Hygroamblystegium varium is a species of moss in the Amblystegiaceae family. It has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Hygroamblystegium varium is known to be able to use artificial light to grow in places which are otherwise devoid of natural light, such as Niagara Cave.
# Urna (disambiguation)

Urna URNA may refer to:
* Urna, a Buddhist symbol
* Urna (singer) (born 1969), Mongolian singer
* Urna (Antarctica), a mountain in Queen Maud Land
* Útvar rychlého nasazení, a special weapons and tactics unit of the Czech Police
* U-RNA, a type of RNA
# Bob Hames

Robert Earl Hames (January 22, 1920 – September 6, 1998) was an American jazz guitarist from Texas who played with the dance orchestras of Jan Garber, Orrin Tucker, and Stan Keller. In the early 1950s he was a staff guitarist for live productions at WFAA-TV, a Dallas–Fort Worth broadcaster. Down Beat magazine rated Hames as one of the top ten guitarists in the US.
In the mid-1940s Hames was a member of the Jan Garber Orchestra and the Orrin Tucker band before enrolling at the University of North Texas. In 1945 he enrolled at the University of North Texas College of Music. While there, he played electric guitar in 1945 with the Aces of Collegeland, the forerunner to the One O'Clock Lab Band. He also taught guitar on and off campus. One of his high-school students, Jack Petersen, went on to become a well-known jazz educator and jazz guitarist. Hames introduced Petersen to jazz recordings of Karl Kress, Tal Farlow, Chuck Wayne, Herb Ellis (then a student at North Texas), Barney Kessel, Barry Galbraith, Remo Palmieri, Oscar Moore, and Charlie Christian.
While a student at North Texas in 1946, Hames was one of eight student musicians from North Texas to guest star on Interstate's weekly musical radio show, 3:30, Sunday, April 14, 1946, aired on WFAA. Betty Cooper (vocalist) featured with the Blue Notes, a quartet composed of Lynn McClain, June Heitt, Bonnye Williams, and Elsie Mae Cooper. Bob Hames (electric guitar), Jim Bob Floyd (piano), and Bill Meeks (clarinet) were featured as a trio. Hames was a guitarist on the Jerry Haynes Show on WFAA TV in the mid-1950s, which aired Monday through Friday at noon.
Hames also had a music store in Greenville, Texas, on Washington Street. He died in Texas in 1998.

## Selected compositions

Music and lyrics by Bob Hames except where noted
* "Lonely Vagabond" by Bob Hames and David Chenault (written 1947) (1983)
* "I Didn't Know My Heart Could Fly" (1972)
* "Happiness is Loving You" (1981)
* "Tell Me a Story" (written Aug 1972) (1981)
* "Bar Whiskey Fool" (written June 1975) (1981)
* "Just a Step Away" (written 1979) (1981)
* "Lovers Waltz" ("A Million Dreams From Now") (The Young and the Restless episode 7512) (1983)
* "Wasted Love" (1983)
* "Have You Ever Heard (a Lonely Heart Cry)?" (key of C) (1983)
* "My Blue-Eyed Girl" by Bob Hames and Frank J. Milton (1983)
* "Come Back My Love" (1984)
* "Whistle Britches" (1988)
* "'Til the Day You Passed Me By" (1989)
* "After You Know It All" (1990)
* "There Goes My Heartache" (1990)
* "Are the Kids Still Cruising Main?" (1991)
* "I Just Laughed 'Til I Cried" (1991)
* "You Are My Rainbow" (1991)
* "Your Next Stepping Stone" (1993)
* "If You Don't Have a Heart (Please Don't Steal Mine)" (1997)
* "Jackhammer Boogie" (1997)

## Family

Robert Earl Hames was married twice. On December 31, 1942, he married Billye Mildred Goin (August 24, 1921, Bailey, Texas – January 11, 1972, buried Mount Carmel Cemetery, Wolfe City, Texas). Bob and Billye had a son. On August 30, 1975, he married Helen Juanita Bullard (August 30, 1928 – March 4, 1993) in Tarrant County, Texas. Helen had three daughters and a son by a prior marriage.
# Kurkend, Neftchala

Kurkend is a village and municipality in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,749.
Until 15 May 2003 name of the village was Novovasilyevka. After parliament resolution of the mentioned date it was named as Kürkənd (Kurkend).
# Boyle (crater)

Boyle is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southern hemisphere on the rugged far side of the Moon. It is adjacent to the larger crater Hess to the southeast, and lies about midway between the craters Alder to the north-northeast and Abbe to the south-southwest.
The outer rim of Boyle is nearly circular, and displays some slumping around the interior. Most of the rim is sharp-edged and displays little appearance of wear due to subsequent impacts. The southern rim, however, is overlain by a wide, irregular groove in the surface that follows a course from east to west along the rim. There is also an overlapping formation of tiny craterlets overlapping the narrow strip of terrain that joins Boyle to Hess.
The interior of the crater is relatively flat, with a long, low central ridge at the midpoint. This rise is aligned in a linear formation from southwest to northeast. There is a tiny craterlet near the eastern rim, but the interior is otherwise undistinguished.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Boyle.
| Boyle | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| A | 50.8° S | 178.3° E | 21 km |
| Z | 51.3° S | 177.7° E | 52 km |
# Ağkənd, Zangilan

39°11′21″N 46°27′15″E﻿ / ﻿39.18917°N 46.45417°E﻿ / 39.18917; 46.45417
Ağkənd (Aghkend) is a village in the Zangilan District of Azerbaijan. The name means "white village" in the Azerbaijani language.
# 5 Nen Mono

5 Nen Mono (5年モノ, Go-nen Mono) is the ninth studio album by Japanese artist Masaharu Fukuyama. It was released on 6 December 2006. This album was released five years after his previous album, f, making it the longest interval between releases for the artist.

## Track listing
### CD

* Freedom
* The Edge of Chaos: Ai no Ichigeki (THE EDGE OF CHAOS 〜愛の一撃〜)
* Niji (虹) (new mix)
* Himawari (ひまわり) (new mix)
* Sore ga Subete sa (それがすべてさ) (new mix)
* Naitari Shinaide (泣いたりしないで) (new mix)
* Red x Blue (new mix)
* Tokyo (東京)
* Milk Tea
* Utsukushiki Hana (美しき花) (new mix)
* Love Train
* Ano Natsu mo Umi mo Sora mo (あの夏も 海も 空も) (new mix)
* Beautiful Day
* Watashi wa Kaze ni Naru (live version) (わたしは風になる （LIVE VERSION）)

### Bonus CD (Limited Edition)

* Sandy

## Charts and sales
### Oricon sales charts (Japan)

| Release | Chart | Peak position | First week sales | Sales total | Chart run |
| 6 December 2006 | Oricon Daily Chart | 1 | | | |
| 6 December 2006 | Oricon Weekly Chart | 1 | 225,388 | 450,000+ | 32 weeks |
| 6 December 2006 | Oricon Monthly Chart | 2 | | | |
| 6 December 2006 | Oricon Yearly Chart (2006) | 56 | | | |
# Vegas, Yauco, Puerto Rico

Vegas is a barrio in the municipality of Yauco, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 145.

## History

Vegas was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the combined population of Vegas and Caimito barrios was 1,405.
# Hygrobia

Hygrobia is a genus of aquatic beetles native to Europe, North Africa, China and Australia. It is the only genus in the family Hygrobiidae, also known as the Paelobiidae. These are known commonly as squeak beetles or screech-beetles.
There are six known living species, with a highly disjunct distribution, and one extinct species, Hygrobia cretzschmari.

## Biology

All species occur in lowland areas and are mainly found in stagnant water. They live in the mud, silt, and detritus of ponds.
None of the species occur in sympatry, except for H. nigra and H. australasiae in south-eastern Australia.
Both adults and larvae are predators, specialized on oligochaete worms. The adults feed for as long as 30 min, coming to the surface very briefly to renew the air-supply.
Adults are able to stridulate, producing an audible sound, which is why they are called squeak or screech beetles.

## Morphology

The body length ranges from 8.0 to 11.0 mm. Compound eyes are present, not divided into ventral and dorsal portions, strongly protruding. Labrum is short and transverse. The antennae are filiform, almost glabrous, with 11 segments.

## Phylogeny and evolution

The monophyly of the family is not in doubt.
Hygrobiidae is thought to be the sister group to a clade comprising Dytiscidae (diving beetles), Amphizoidae (trout stream beetles) and Aspidytidae (cliff beetles), based on DNA sequence data.
Regarding the relationships among the species of Hygrobia, a recent phylogenetic analysis suggested a sister group relationship between H. hermanni and a clade formed by the Australian species, with H. nigra sister to H. australasiae.
Hygrobiidae probably diverged from other Hydradephagan clades around the time of the initial breakup of Pangea. The split between today's Palearctic and Australian clades occurred later, possibly in the middle Mesozoic, by dispersal events.

## Species diversity and distribution

Hygrobia australasiae (Clark, 1862) - Australia
Hygrobia davidi Bedel, 1883 - Jiangxi, southeastern China
Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775) - Europe, northern Africa (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia), and Israel
Hygrobia maculata Britton, 1981 - Australia
Hygrobia nigra (Clark, 1862) - Australia
Hygrobia wattsi Hendrich, 2001 - Australia

## Family name

There has been a controversy associated with deciding which is the valid family name of squeak beetles: Hygrobiidae or Paelobiidae. Paelobiidae has priority over Hygrobiidae, but the latter name was until recently much more widely used.
# Light of the Diddicoy

Light of the Diddicoy is a 2014 historical novel. It is the first in a series called Auld Irishtown by author Eamon Loingsigh. It was published by Three Rooms Press.

## Plot

The novel is told by William "Liam" Garrihy many years after his time as a teenage member of a Brooklyn longshoremen gang. Garrihy's father listens to a stirring speech given at Glasnevin Cemetery in August 1915 for the Fenian rebel Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa. Realizing that an uprising is coming soon, he sends his younger son to New York to work with his brother Joseph, a recruiter for the International Longshoremen's Association in Brooklyn.
After a tumultuous journey by sea in steerage of a transport steamer, Liam's last name is changed from Garrihy to Garrity at Ellis Island. He immediately becomes sick in Brooklyn and, at his uncle Joseph's beckoning, drinks mulled ale and home-brewed poteen. After vomiting, his drunken uncle throws him out in the cold.
Homeless in Brooklyn, Liam squats in an abandoned building on Flatbush Avenue with other children and meets a member of Richie "Pegleg" Lonergan's gang, who steals his coat. Starving and cold, Liam attempts to steal from a dray and is taken away by Vincent Maher, a member of the White Hand Gang. The two go to the wake of Maher's friend, McGowan. There, Liam meets Dinny Meehan, leader of the White Hand Gang.
Liam is then initiated into the gang and learns that it is under attack by many elements including the local police in William Brosnan, the New York Dock Company, the South Brooklyn Italian Black Hand as well as "Wild Bill" Lovett, a dockboss who wants to take the gang over from Meehan. Since the ILA is also an enemy of the gang, Meehan wants to use Liam's relationship to "get" his uncle Joseph, who is an ILA recruiter.
In April 1916, Liam is in Greenwich Village with Meehan when news of the Easter Rising in Dublin reaches him. He fears for the safety of his mother and sisters. Meehan then promises to help him get them to New York as long as Liam provides access to his uncle. Meehan then strikes out against the gang's enemies in a series of violent attacks which secure the White Hand Gang's status at the top of the labor racket.
# Banksia comosa

Banksia comosa, commonly known as Wongan dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear leaves with widely spaced, sharply pointed serrations, heads of yellow flowers and glabrous fruit.

## Description

Banksia comosa is a dense, bushy shrub that typically grows to a height of 3 m (9.8 ft) but does not form a lignotuber. It has linear, often bent leaves that are 10–35 cm (3.9–13.8 in) long and 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) wide on a petiole up to 20 mm (0.79 in) long. Each side of the leaf has between eight and fifteen well-shaped, sharply pointed, narrow triangular teeth. The flowers are borne in heads of 110 to 150, the heads surrounded by dark reddish brown involucral bracts that are up to 35 mm (1.4 in) long. The flowers have a yellow perianth 25–27 mm (0.98–1.06 in) long and a pistil 27–29 mm (1.1–1.1 in) long. Flowering occurs from August to October and the fruit is a broadly egg-shaped, more or less glabrous follicle 11–15 mm (0.43–0.59 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described in 1848 by Carl Meissner who gave it the name Dryandra carlinoides and published the description in de Candolle's Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis from specimens collected by James Drummond. The specific epithet (comosa) is a Latin word meaning "having tufts of hairs or of leaves". In 2007 Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all dryandras to the genus Banksia and renamed this species Banksia comosa.

## Distribution and habitat

Wongan dryandra grows in kwongan and is only known from Wongan Hills.

## Conservation status

This banksia is classified as "Priority Four" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, meaning that is rare or near threatened.
# Boyle Airport

Boyle Airport (TC LID: CFM7) is located 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) south of Boyle, Alberta, Canada.
# Klaratoppen

Klaratoppen is a mountain in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 524 m.a.s.l. and is located on the ridge of Värmlandryggen. The mountain is named after the Swedish river Klarälven (in Värmland County).
# Aherahu

Aherahu is about 0.1 ha small islet in the Väinameri Sea in Estonia.
# Meison Kobayashi

Meison Kobayashi (小林 鳴村, Kobayashi Meison, born 1889, date of death unknown) was a Japanese photographer. He was a member of the Naniwa Photography Club.
# Deepak Mangla

Deepak Mangla is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Haryana Legislative Assembly from Palwal in the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
# Likhvinsky Uyezd

Likhvinsky Uyezd (Ли́хвинский уе́зд) was one of the subdivisions of the Kaluga Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Likhvin (Chekalin).

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Likhvinsky Uyezd had a population of 86,888. Of these, 99.9% spoke Russian as their native language.
# Bank of British North America Building

The Bank of British North America Building built in the Italianate style was constructed in 1849 for the British Bank of North America, Newfoundland's first commercial bank. The building was built after the St. John's fire of 1846 by Halifax architect David Stirling.
The British Bank of North America was formed in 1835 and opened its first colonial branch in Newfoundland in 1837, with other branches soon to follow in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, British Columbia, Yukon and in California. From 1857 to 1894 the building was acquired by the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland and had replaced the original hipped roof with a mansard roof. In 1892 it sustained more fire damage in the fire of 1892, it was of the few structures that survived the devastation. It was reconstructed by William Howe Greene, who had also built the Supreme Court House and Cabot Tower.
In 1895 the Bank of Montreal moved into the building and two years later, the only Newfoundland bank to survive the 1894 Crash, the Newfoundland Savings Bank, moved into the building. Then again in 1962 the Bank of Montreal purchased the Savings Bank and reacquired the building. In 1985 the Bank of Montreal donated the building to the City of St. John's. This style later became popular in Canada. Newfoundland’s first commercial bank from 1849-1857. In the following century the building housed a few other banks. From 1857 to 1894 The Banks of Newfoundland, then from 1895 for two years Bank of Montreal and Newfoundland Savings Bank from 1697 to 1962 and Bank of Montreal again from 1962 to 1985.
At present the building is home to the College of the North Atlantic's Anna Templeton Centre established as a non-profit crafts and arts training and education centre.
The building was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1990. The Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador designated the site a Registered Heritage Structure on May 3, 1991.
# Battle.net World Championship Series

The Battle.net World Championship Series (BWCS) was the shared branding for video game tournaments held by Blizzard Entertainment for their games StarCraft II (SC2) and World of Warcraft (WoW) in 2012. The StarCraft II event series, the StarCraft II World Championship Series, maintained the World Championship Series branding beyond the year and continued to use it until being replaced by the ESL Pro Tour StarCraft II in 2020, but the Battle.net World Championship Series brand was not used beyond 2012.

## Event Series

* The 2012 StarCraft II World Championship Series, the first edition of the StarCraft II World Championship Series, was the only one played on StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty. The tournament series included over 30 LAN events.
* The 2012 World of Warcraft Arena World Championship was the World of Warcraft series of tournaments. It was played on both the Cataclysm and the Mists of Pandaria expansions, as the latter released before the end of the tournament series and the finals were held on it.
# Azienda Italiana Petroli Albania

The Azienda Italiana Petroli Albania (AIPA) was a company created by Italian railways and later controlled by AGIP, active from 1935 to 1943.

## History
### Albanian oil

The first oil searches in Albania were started during the First World War by Italian, French and English technicians.
The exploitation concessions were obtained from the Anglo-Persian Oil Company in the Malacastra area, then from Standard Oil of New York and the Franco-Albanais Syndacat in other areas. The Ferrovie dello Stato were the first Italian concessionaires in 1925 (Royal decree of 8 July 1925, No. 1301).

### The concession of Devoli

AIPA was born as a special autonomous managementunder the authority of the Autonomous Administration of the State Railways.
In 1935, AIPA granted a concession of 164,000 hectares along the Devoli river and here, in the Cucciova area, renamed Petrolia, the first active wells took place. An approximately 80 km long oil pipeline was built to bring oil to the port of Vlore. In 1937 it employed about 1,500 Albanian workers, in addition to the Italian leadership.
In 1939, the last year before the war, production reached 200,000 tons.
In 1940 [2], with the RDL 580/40 the passage of the Italian company petroli Albanesi to the general Italian company petroli S.A. takes place. (AGIP).