# Caenis (mayfly)

Caenis is a genus of mayflies. They are very small in size, sometimes with a body of only an 1/8 of an inch (3.2 mm).

## Distribution and ecology

Caenis is one of the most abundant mayfly genera of the Holarctic. Larvae can occur in high densities on the bottoms of shallow ponds and lakes up to an altitude of 1800 meters in the [Alps].
Densities of 700-1700 larvae per square meter have been reported for C. luctuosa and C. horaria on bottoms covered with organic detritus or decaying leaves. Densities on mineral sediments are an order of magnitude lower (4-330 animals per square meter).

## Species

The following are included in BioLib.cz:
* Caenis abdita Malzacher, 2013
* Caenis acutostilata Malzacher, 2021
* Caenis aethiopica Navás, 1935
* Caenis afrocaenoides Malzacher, 2021
* Caenis alicae Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis americani Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy, Malzacher & Isack, 2021
* Caenis amica Hagen, 1861
* Caenis amurensis Kluge, 1986
* Caenis anceps Traver, 1935
* Caenis antelucana Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis antoniae Malzacher, 1992
* Caenis argentina Navás, 1915
* Caenis argillosa Kang & Yang, 1994
* Caenis arunachalami Srinivasan et al., 2023
* Caenis arwini McCafferty & Davis, 2001
* Caenis aspera Tong & Dudgeon, 2002
* Caenis bajaensis Allen & Murvosh, 1983
* Caenis basuto Demoulin, 1970
* Caenis belfiorei Malzacher, 1986
* Caenis bella Kang & Yang, 1994
* Caenis berneri Kimmins, 1956
* Caenis beskidensis Sowa, 1973
* Caenis bicornis Tong & Dudgeon, 2002
* Caenis binda Suter, Mynott & Webb, 2023
* Caenis brevipes Kimmins, 1956
* Caenis burmeisteri Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis candelata Malzacher, 1986
* Caenis candida Harper & Harper, 1981
* Caenis capensis (Barnard, 1932)
* Caenis carloi Thomas, Marie & Dia, 2000
* Caenis catherinae Hofmann & Thomas, 1999
* Caenis chamie Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999
* Caenis cibaria Eaton, 1879
* Caenis cigana Pereira & Da-Silva, 1990
* Caenis cincta Demoulin, 1956
* Caenis corana Thomas & Sartori, 1989
* Caenis corbeti Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis cornigera Kang & Yang, 1994
* Caenis cornuta (Tshernova, 1952)
* Caenis corpulenta Kang & Yang, 1994
* Caenis cubensis Malzacher, Naranjo, González-Lazo & Kluge, 2007
* Caenis cuniana Froehlich, 1969
* Caenis dangi (Soldán, 1986)
* Caenis demoulini van Bruggen, 1954
* Caenis diminuta Walker, 1853
* Caenis dominguezi Malzacher, 2001
* Caenis douglasi Malzacher, 1993
* Caenis duodecima Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis edwardsi Kimmins, 1939
* Caenis eglinensis Pescador & Richard, 2006
* Caenis elouardi Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis fasciata Navás, 1927
* Caenis femina Hofmann & Sartori, 1999
* Caenis fittkaui Malzacher, 1986
* Caenis fregatula Malzacher, 2013
* Caenis gattolliati Malzacher, 2010
* Caenis ghibana Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis gilbonensis Malzacher, 1992
* Caenis gilliesi Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis gonseri Malzacher, 2001
* Caenis grafi Malzacher, 2021
* Caenis granifera Kang & Yang, 1994
* Caenis gretathunbergae Malzacher, 2021
* Caenis hanleyi Suter, Mynott & Webb, 2023
* Caenis helenae Malzacher, 2012
* Caenis hilaris (Say, 1839)
* Caenis hissari Kluge, 1985
* Caenis hoggariensis Grandi, 1951
* Caenis horaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Caenis inflexa (Kopelke, 1981)
* Caenis insularis Demoulin, 1969
* Caenis jinjana Kimmins, 1956
* Caenis jinjanoides Malzacher, 2011
* Caenis johannae Malzacher, 1996
* Caenis jungi Braasch, 1980
* Caenis kaegies Srinivasan et al., 2023
* Caenis karenae Malzacher, 2021
* Caenis kimminsis Ali, 1967
* Caenis kivuensis Demoulin, 1956
* Caenis knowlesi Gillies & Knowles, 1990
* Caenis kohli Malzacher, 2011
* Caenis kopetdagi Kluge, 1985
* Caenis kungu Eaton, 1879
* Caenis lactea (Burmeister, 1839)
* Caenis latipennis Banks, 1907
* Caenis liebenauae Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis longiforcipata Malzacher, 2021
* Caenis lubrica Tong & Dudgeon, 2002
* Caenis luctuosa (Burmeister, 1839)
* Caenis ludicra Navás, 1924
* Caenis ludovici Malzacher, 2021
* Caenis macafferti Provonsha, 1990
* Caenis macronyx Kluge, 1986
* Caenis macrura Stephens, 1835
* Caenis maculata (Tshernova, 1952)
* Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja, 2021
* Caenis magnipilosa (Kopelke, 1981)
* Caenis malzacheri Sartori & Gattolliat, 2008
* Caenis marataoan Nascimento et al., 2022
* Caenis margherita Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis martae Belfiore, 1984
* Caenis melanoleuca Zhou & Zheng, 2004
* Caenis miliaria (Tshernova, 1952)
* Caenis moe Hwang & Bae, 1999
* Caenis montana Kang & Yang, 1994
* Caenis nachoi Alba-Tercedor & Zamora Muñoz, 1993
* Caenis namorona Malzacher, 1995
* Caenis nasuta Malzacher, 2021
* Caenis nausicaae Malzacher, 2010
* Caenis nemoralis Navás, 1922
* Caenis nervulosa Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis nigricola Malzacher, 2011
* Caenis nigropunctata Klapálek, 1905
* Caenis nishinoae Malzacher, 1996
* Caenis nitida Kang & Yang, 1994
* Caenis noctivaga Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis obtusostilata Malzacher, 2021
* Caenis occulta Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis octulusa Malzacher, 2012
* Caenis oromo Malzacher, 2021
* Caenis orthostilata Malzacher, 2011
* Caenis pallida Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis panamensis Malzacher, 2001
* Caenis parabrevipes Malzacher, 1992
* Caenis parisi Malzacher, 2012
* Caenis parviforceps (Zhou, Gui & Su, 2000)
* Caenis perpusilla Walker, 1853
* Caenis pflugfelderi Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis philippinensis (Ulmer, 1924)
* Caenis picea Kimmins, 1947
* Caenis piscina Kimmins, 1947
* Caenis plaumanni Malzacher, 2001
* Caenis pseudamica Malzacher, 1990
* Caenis pseudorivulorum Keffermüller, 1960
* Caenis punctata McDunnough, 1931
* Caenis pusilla Navás, 1913
* Caenis pustula Tiunova, 1999
* Caenis pycnacantha Jia, Qin, Ju & Zhou, 2010
* Caenis pygmaea Costa, 1888
* Caenis quatipuruica Malzacher, 1986
* Caenis reissi Malzacher, 1986
* Caenis rivulorum Eaton, 1884
* Caenis robusta Eaton, 1885
* Caenis rugosa Malzacher, 1995
* Caenis rutila Malzacher, 1995
* Caenis scotti Ulmer, 1930
* Caenis sebastiani Malzacher, 2013
* Caenis sigillata Malzacher, 1985
* Caenis sinensis Gui & Zhou, 1999
* Caenis solida Malzacher, 2010
* Caenis spinosa Malzacher, 1995
* Caenis srinagari Traver, 1939
* Caenis strugaensis Ikonomov, 1961
* Caenis subota Malzacher, 2012
* Caenis taratopo Molineri, 2009
* Caenis tardata McDunnough, 1931
* Caenis teipunensis Molineri, Grillet, Nieto, Domínguez & Guerrero, 2011
* Caenis tenella (Navás, 1932)
* Caenis tuba Hwang & Bae, 1999
* Caenis ulmeriana Malzacher, 2015
* Caenis unidigitata Malzacher, 2013
* Caenis uruzu Molineri & Malzacher, 2007
* Caenis valentinae Grandi, 1951
* Caenis vanuatensis Malzacher & Staniczek, 2007
* Caenis venkataramani Srinivasan et al., 2023
* Caenis vermifera Malzacher, 2011
* Caenis yangi Kang & Yang, 1996
* Caenis youngi Roemhild, 1984

## Varia

Imitations of this mayfly in hook sizes as small as # 28 are used for fly-fishing. Tying fly imitations this small is difficult, hence the nickname "Anglers Curse."