OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Henry the younger

Alexander Henry 'The Younger' (c. 1765 – 22 May 1814), was an early Canadian fur trader, explorer and diarist. From 1799 until his premature death in 1814 he kept an extensive diary which is the most complete record ever printed of the daily life of a fur trader in the north. His journals were an account of "personal doings", but cannot be considered a diary of inward thoughts. These journals cover everything that happened to him in a most matter-of-fact manner and have yielded much material for historians and other researchers of that time period in North American history. Henry married the daughter of Liard Ah-ne-him-ish Cottonwood Little Shell, the brother of the Great Pembina Chippewa Nation Grand Chief La Petite Coquille Little Shell I Corbeau and son of The Great Sioux Nation & The Great Pembina Chippewa Nation Wazhazha Mdewakanton Grand Chief Little Crow I Petit Corbeau Red Wing I.
In 1792, with his well-known uncle of the same name, Henry became a partner in the North West Company and he was later a wintering partner of the XY Company and the Pacific Fur Company. His diaries record his travels from Lake Superior to the Pacific Ocean. In Canada, he travelled through Ontario, Manitoba, Assiniboia, Keewatin, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. In the United States of America his travels took him through areas that comprise the modern states of Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. He encountered many different tribes of Indians, and in the north saw much of the Chippewas, the three tribes of the Blackfeet, the Crees, Assiniboines, Sioux, Sarcees, and others. In the south, he reached the Mandans, the Minitari, the Rees, and even the Cheyennes, south of the Missouri River. On the west coast he saw many tribes of the Columbia River, such as the Wanapum. In 1800, during the building of Pembina Post, Red River district, the Indians were extremely inquisitive about Henry's doings with pen and paper. On 27 August 1800, Henry wrote "I told them that I kept an exact account of the Indians behaviour [also] every word they said was put down....every Indian would be rewarded according to his behaviour." In 1808, he travelled with David Thompson from Lake Winnipeg to Fort Vermilion, Alberta.
From Fort George, Henry and Donald McTavish (first cousin of Simon McTavish) were being taken back along the Columbia River by five sailors of the Royal Navy to the warship HMS Isaac Todd when their boat capsized and they drowned.
# Midnight league

Midnight leagues are a series of initiatives in the United States, starting in the 1990s with midnight basketball and expanding into other sports, notably association football, where vulnerable urban youth could assemble during the night, and keep themselves off the streets while engaging with sports alternatives to drugs and crime.
Juvenile delinquency rates usually peak during night hours. Empirically, a 2006 study of the 1990-1994 period when urban midnight basketball programs were first initiated as a crime-prevention strategy, found that—while confounding factors were likely involved—property crime rates fell more rapidly in cities that were early adopters of the original midnight basketball model than in other American cities in the same period.
# Tres Marías Island mouse

The Tres Marías island mouse or Tres Marías deer mouse (Peromyscus madrensis) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only on the Islas Marías off the west coast of Mexico (part of the state of Nayarit). When last assessed, it was common on María Cleofás Island, but rare or absent on the other, more disturbed, islands.

## Description

The Tres Marías island mouse is the size of a small rat, with a head and body measuring 21 to 25 centimetres (8.3 to 9.8 in), and a tail 10 to 13 centimetres (3.9 to 5.1 in) in length. They have pale tan fur, with white underparts, lips, and feet. There is a faint stripe of darker fur towards the rear of the animal's back, and there are dark spots on the ankles. The tail has relatively little hair, and is noticeably darker on the upper surface. Females have six teats. Compared with other closely related species, it is larger, with a longer tail, smaller ears, and a smaller penis.

## Biology

Although found on all habitats on the islands, the Tres Marias island mouse is most common in undisturbed tropical deciduous forest, especially in the interior highlands. It lives in sheltered locations, such as under logs or rocks. Widespread on the islands when they were first described in 1898, a survey in 1991 showed a significantly reduced range for the mice, apparently due to the introduction of non-native species, such as black rats, deer, and goats.
The species is closely related to the Nayarit mouse, which inhabits the nearby mainland, with the two species diverging during the Pleistocene. It is unclear whether the mice first arrived on the islands by rafting from the mainland, or whether the islands were once connected to the mainland.
# Lex and Davey

Lex Gough (Lex Carter) and Dave Stewart (Davey Carter), known professionally as Lex and Davey (stylised as 'Lex&Davey'), are radio show presenters and are best known for hosting the breakfast show on Chorley FM (in Lancashire, England) between April 2014 and March 2016. On October 19, 2015, they got to the final of the 'Your Big Chance' competition with Radio City (Liverpool), Rock FM and Key 103. In November 2015, they joined Wirral Radio for a short run before leaving due to other commitments in May 2016. Between 2016 - 2018 Lex and Davey had a DJ residency at The Krazyhouse nightclub in Liverpool before its closure in July 2018. As of 2021, Lex and Davey present the British Indoor Karting Championship for TeamSport Karting.

## Radio career
### FraggleRADIO

The two first worked together at a radio station that Davey founded in 2005 called 'FraggleRADIO', which was an Internet radio station in Liverpool based inside the Quiggins shopping center. After presenting The Big Live Drive on KCC Live for a year, Lex was invited to join FraggleRADIO by Davey shortly after they met during a band night in Liverpool. Eventually the two decided to present a show together called Unleashed. In July 2006, Quiggins was forced to close down, which also resulted in the closure of the radio station.

### The Net 40

In 2008, they were approached by The Net 40 to present the show on a regular basis. They presented the show for several months before leaving to present a show on KCR FM.

### 106.7 KCR FM

They joined 106.7 KCR FM based in Huyton, Liverpool, which was their first slot on an FM station. They presented the KCR Takeover show every Saturday evening between 7 pm and 10 pm. Due to the success of the show, they were asked to change from one evening a week to four evenings a week, Monday to Thursday.

### 107.6 Juice FM

In 2009, shortly after KCR FM closed, they were asked to fill in on various shows on Liverpool's Juice FM. After a short run on Juice, they decided to concentrate on separate projects and didn't present radio again until 2013.

### Return to FraggleRADIO

Lex&Davey made a return in April 2013 to FraggleRADIO, which had also re-launched that year. They presented a show once a week every Wednesday between 7.00 pm and 10.00 pm for a year. In April 2014 they gave up the slot to a different presenter due to other commitments.

### 102.8 Chorley FM

In April 2014 they joined Chorley FM to present Lex&Davey's Morning Chorley every Sunday morning. In December 2014 the Morning Chorley show was expanded across Chorley FM's line-up to cover Monday to Friday as well as Sunday. In August 2015, both Lex and Davey joined the board of directors at Chorley FM in a non-executive capacity after being voted into the position by members of the radio station.
Lex&Davey decided to end the show and step down from the board in March 2016.

### 92.1 Wirral Radio

Between November 2015 and May 2016, Lex&Davey hosted various shows on Wirral Radio.

## Your Big Chance

In October 2015 they auditioned for 'Your Big Chance' to win a Friday night show with Radio City, Key 103 and Rock FM. On October 19 they made it into the final of the competition.
# American Hotel

American Hotel may refer to:

## In the Netherlands

* American Hotel (Amsterdam), a Rijksmonument

## In the United States

* American Hotel (Palm Beach, California)
* American Hotel (Aztec, New Mexico)
* American Hotel (Sharon Springs, New York)
* American Hotel (Detroit)
* American Hotel (Staunton, Virginia)
* Packwood House-American Hotel, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
# George Willey

(Octavius) George Willey CBE (12 January 1886 – 12 July 1952) was a Labour Party politician in England. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1945 until his death.

## Early career

Willey was responsible for running Teesside's Air Raid Precautions service during the Second World War. A trade unionist and campaigner, Willey first stood for Parliament at the 1923 general election in the Skipton constituency, but did not win a seat. He was unsuccessful again in Skipton at the 1924 election, and also in Birmingham West at the 1931 and 1935 general elections.

## Political career

Willey finally won a seat in the Labour landslide at the 1945 general election when he was elected for Cleveland; a seat which had only once before elected a Labour MP (in 1929). Willey had been one of ten official candidates selected by the National Union of General and Municipal Workers (NUGMW), alongside Tom Williamson and others; all ten were elected.
He was re-elected in 1950 and 1951, and was awarded a CBE for political and public services. He died in office in 1952, aged 66.
# 1922–23 St. Louis Soccer League season

Final league standings for the 1922-23 St. Louis Soccer League.

## League standings

| Place | Team | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | Points |
| 1 | Vesper-Buicks | 17 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 28 | 16 | 22 |
| 2 | Scullin Steels | 17 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 20 | 21 | 17 |
| 3 | Hoover Sweepers | 17 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 21 | 25 | 17 |
| 4 | Ben Millers | 17 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 28 | 35 | 13 |
# Bicinium

In music of the Renaissance and early Baroque eras, a bicinium (pl. bicinia) was a composition for only two parts, especially one for the purpose of teaching counterpoint or singing.
The term has had two usages in music history:
* Recently, the term has come to mean any composition at all from the Renaissance or early Baroque period for two vocal or instrumental parts.
* Historically, a bicinium referred specifically to a two-part composition used as a teaching tool, most often in Protestant, German-speaking areas.
The term was first used in Poland, by Jan z Lublina in a treatise of 1540. Volumes of bicinia were published in the next several decades in Germany, the Low Countries, and even in Italy, as the usefulness of bicinia as teaching aids became apparent. In addition, Martin Luther had strongly expressed that children should learn both music and the psalms: bicinia with German texts from the Psalms fulfilled his purpose.
Students could be expected to master singing a single part in a duet more easily than a part in a larger ensemble. Usually a bicinium was designed to be sung or played by students of the same age and ability, rather than for a single student and a teacher.
This model of moving from two-part study, writing, and singing to three parts and then more was adopted by Heinrich Glarean in his Dodecachordon (1547), one of the most influential music theory and pedagogy treatises of the Renaissance.
In a similar manner, present-day music students typically learn counterpoint first by writing in two parts, and then later in three, only moving to four or more parts after mastering the earlier stages.
A similar pedagogical composition for three voices is known as a tricinium (pl. tricinia).
# Fang La

Fang La (simplified Chinese: 方腊; traditional Chinese: 方臘; pinyin: Fāng Là; died 1121) was a Chinese rebel leader who led an uprising against the Song dynasty. In the classical novel Water Margin, he is fictionalised as one of the primary antagonists and nemeses of the 108 Stars of Destiny. He is sometimes associated with Manichaeism but was most likely not a follower of the religion.

## Life

Fang La was from Shezhou, which is roughly present-day She County, Anhui. However, other sources claimed that he was from Qingxi County (清溪縣), which is present-day Chun'an County, Zhejiang. In 1120, he led an uprising against the Song Empire in Qixian Village (七賢村), Shezhou. Others claimed that he started the rebellion in Wannian District (萬年鄉), Chun'an County. Fang La's forces captured Hangzhou and subsequently took control over parts of present-day Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, with a total of 52 counties and six prefectures.
In 1121, the Song government sent a general, Wang Yuan (王淵), to lead an army to crush the rebellion. Wang Yuan's subordinate, Han Shizhong, disguised himself, infiltrated Qingxi County and captured Fang La. Later, Xin Xingzong (辛興宗), the Song general defending Zhongzhou (忠州), led his troops to block Qingxi County's exit route and regained control of the county. Fang La and 52 of his subordinates were captured and escorted by the general Tong Guan to the imperial capital, Kaifeng. Four months later, Fang La was found guilty of treason and executed in Kaifeng.
By 1132–1133 or later, the rebellion was linked to Manichaeism. Though not originally connected, in the public and historical conscience it became confused with the Taizhou unrest of April–June 1121, where Manichaeism was widespread.

## In Water Margin

The classical novel Water Margin presents a semi-fictional account of Fang La and his battle with the Liangshan outlaws. After granting the outlaws amnesty, Emperor Huizong sends them on military campaigns to suppress rebel forces within the Song Empire and counter invaders from the Liao Empire in the north. Fang La is one of the rebel leaders based in the Jiangnan region.
Whilst the Liangshan forces suffered hardly any casualties in the campaigns against the Liao Empire and the rebel forces of Tian Hu and Wang Qing, the campaign against Fang La proved to be calamitous. 59 of the original 108 heroes were killed in action, mostly by Fang La's warriors, whose combat skills and abilities rival the best of Liangshan. Unlike the other rebels who lack good leadership and experience, Fang La has established a solid foundation in the Jiangnan region with many capable people serving under him.
Fang La is eventually captured by the Liangshan heroes after an elaborate infiltration scheme involving Chai Jin and Yan Qing. During his escape attempt, he is defeated by Lu Zhishen and escorted back to Kaifeng by imperial troops under Tong Guan. Four months later, Fang La is found guilty of treason and executed by lingchi.
# Morvan (disambiguation)

Morvan is a mountainous massif in central-east France.
Morvan may also be:

## Places

* Miniac-Morvan
* Baguer-Morvan
* Herbularium du Morvan
* Alligny-en-Morvan
* Ouroux-en-Morvan
* Montigny-en-Morvan
* Villiers-en-Morvan
* Champeau-en-Morvan
* Dompierre-en-Morvan
* Chissey-en-Morvan
* Moux-en-Morvan
* Brazey-en-Morvan
* Roussillon-en-Morvan
* Cussy-en-Morvan
* Saint-Hilaire-en-Morvan
* La Celle-en-Morvan
* Saint-André-en-Morvan

## People
### Given name

* Morvan Lebesque (1911–1970), a Breton nationalist activist and French journalist
* Morvan Marchal (1900–1963), an architect and a militant Breton nationalist

### Surname

* Jean-David Morvan, French comics author
* Augustin Marie Morvan (1819 - 1897), a French physician, politician, and writer
* Fab Morvan, a French singer-songwriter, dancer and model
* Françoise Morvan a French writer who specialises in Breton history and culture
* Joseph Morvan (1924-1999), a French professional road bicycle racer
* Frères Morvan, a group of traditional singers formed in 1958
* Jean-Baptiste Morvan de Bellegarde (1648–1734), a French Jesuit
* Yan Morvan (1954–2024), French photographer, journalist
# Craven Fault System

The Craven Fault System is the name applied by geologists to the group of crustal faults in the Pennines that form the southern edge of the Askrigg Block and which partly bounds the Craven Basin. Sections of the system's component faults which include the North, Middle and South Craven faults and the Feizor Fault are evident at the surface in the form of degraded faults scarps where Carboniferous Limestone abuts millstone grit. The fault system is approximately coincident with the southwestern edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and the northeastern edge of the Bowland Fells.

## Location

The Craven Faults are major crustal fractures across the Pennines. These faults constitute a zone crossing the backbone of England from west to east commencing near Leck, Lancashire at 54°11′26″N 2°31′38″W﻿ / ﻿54.190507°N 2.527339°W﻿ / 54.190507; -2.527339 then branching three ways:
* The North Craven Fault extends about 50 kilometres (30 mi) to 54°04′26″N 1°48′00″W﻿ / ﻿54.074°N 1.800°W﻿ / 54.074; -1.800.
* The Mid Craven Fault extends about 36 kilometres (20 mi) to 54°04′12″N 2°04′30″W﻿ / ﻿54.070°N 2.075°W﻿ / 54.070; -2.075.
* The South Craven Fault extends about 39 kilometres (20 mi) to 54°03′58″N 2°02′31″W﻿ / ﻿54.066°N 2.042°W﻿ / 54.066; -2.042.
The Craven Gap is sometimes called the Aire Gap, but to do so necessitates including the Aire Fault; that runs from the south end of the South Craven Fault: from Gargrave towards Leeds. Although of less amplitude than the three Craven faults the course of the Aire Fault is made more apparent by the River Aire. The broad Aire Gap separates the Yorkshire Dales from the Bowland Fells and the Millstone Grit plateaux of the South Pennines.

## Geological age

The fault system comprises the North Craven Fault, Middle Craven Fault, South Craven Fault and Feizor Fault along with various other unnamed faults. The Middle Craven Fault moved mainly during Carboniferous times and marks the southern limit of the Askrigg Block. However the North and South Craven faults continued to be active into post-Triassic times.$^{:16}$ The Great Scar Limestone is exposed north of the Middle Craven Fault at Malham Cove and at Gordale Scar and along the South Craven Fault at Giggleswick Scar.

## Erosion

The Great Scar Limestone is over 200 metres thick and the overlying Yoredale Series was over 300 metres thick before weathering.$^{:12}$ The vertical throw of the fault zone is up to 1,800 m (5,906 ft).
Near Ingleton, North Yorkshire the North Craven Fault has a downthrow of about 200 metres (660 ft), and a few hundred yards away the South Craven Fault has a downthrow of about 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). The fault plane of the North Craven Fault is exposed in Swilla Glen.
Charles Darwin used the Craven Fault to illustrate how nature can so well conceal dramatic events: "The Craven Fault, for instance, extends for upwards of 30 miles, and along this line the vertical displacement of strata has varied from 600 to 3000 feet."

## Gallery

* Giggleswick Scar
* View NW across Ribble to Giggleswick Scar
* Warrendale Knotts
* Cross Field Knotts
# Tres Marias hummingbird

The Tres Marías hummingbird (Cynanthus lawrencei) is a Near Threatened species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the broad-billed hummingbird. It is endemic to the Islas Marías island group off the west coast of Mexico.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The Tres Marias hummingbird was long treated as a subspecies of the broad-billed hummingbird. Based on 2014 and 2017 publications, by the end of 2022 the North American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (AOS), the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW), and the Clements taxonomy had recognized it as a species.
The Tres Marias hummingbird is monotypic.

## Description

The Tres Marias hummingbird has a broad reddish bill with a black tip. Both sexes have metallic bronze-green upperparts that is somewhat duller on the forehead and crown. Males have a turquoise-green to emerald green throat, a greeny-bronze breast, a dark green belly, and dark undertail coverts. The tail is glossy blue-black. Females' upperparts are duller than the male's and they have gray underparts. The base of their tail is bronze-green and the rest blue-black to greenish black with white tips on the outermost two pairs of feathers.

## Distribution

The Tres Marias hummingbird is found only on María Madre and María Cleofás of the Islas Marías, an island group off the coast of Nayarit, Mexico. Their specific habitat there has not been described.

## Behavior
### Movement

The Tres Marias hummingbird is mostly sedentary but individuals have been collected in mainland Nayarit.

### Feeding

The diet of the Tres Marias hummingbird has not separately described from that of the broad-billed hummingbird. In general, and like most hummingbirds, that species feeds on a wide variety of flowering plants and also small arthropods.

### Breeding

No specifics of the Tres Marias hummingbird's breeding phenology have been published.

### Vocalization

The Tres Marias hummingbird's vocalizations have not been separately described from those of the broad-billed hummingbird. That species' song, sung only by males, "[b]egins with short chip note, then a series of similar notes ranging in frequency from 2 to 13 kHz."

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the Tres Marias hummingbird as Near Threatened. It has a very small range and an estimated population of under 2500 mature individuals, though the population is believed to be stable. The potential threats include habitat destruction through urbanization, farming, and wood-cutting, and predation by invasive species.
# Björk: Archives

Björk: Archives is a retrospective book covering Björk's career, published by Thames & Hudson, which was released on March 30, 2015.

## Development and description

Björk: Archives covers the artist's seven studio albums—beginning with Debut (1993) and followed by Post (1995), Homogenic (1997), Vespertine (2001), Medúlla (2004), Volta (2007), and Biophilia (2011)—and "the personas surrounding each through poetry, academic analysis, philosophical texts, and stunning visuals". The book was announced in November 2014 and released in conjunction with the Museum of Modern Art's (MoMA) exhibition chronicling Björk's career, which ran from March 7 to June 7, 2015. It marks Björk's first publication in more than ten years, following her 2001 eponymous autobiography.
Archives was overseen by Björk and MoMA curator Klaus Biesenbach, who wrote the book's introduction; together they recruited writing participation from some of Björk's collaborators, including Chris Cunningham, musicology professor Nicola Dibben, Spike Jonze, and Sjón, among others. The book also includes photographs of Björk by Araki, Nan Goldin, Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin, and Jürgen Teller, along with images of costumes worn by the singer by Hussein Chalayan, Sophia Kokosalaki and Alexander McQueen. Accompanying Archives are five booklets and a poster featuring artwork of all seven studio albums. The book has been officially billed as "a real celebration of creativity... packed Full of Love and Wanderlust, Possibly Maybe guaranteed to make you Violently Happy", incorporating Björk's lyrics and song titles into the description.

## Reception

Building on the book's use of lyrics and song titles in its description, i-D magazine wrote, "Put simply, this is definitely one to add to your reading list! Once It's in Our Hands, we're never going to let it go." Archives has been called "meaty" and "luxurious".