OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Croatian bagpipes

There are several types of Croatian bagpipes, they are:
* Slavonske gajde - a bagpipe with double chanter and a single drone
* Duda - a bagpipe with triple/quadruple chanter and a single drone. Two versions exist, one from Podravina and one from Bilogora
* Istarski mih - a bagpipe with double chanter and no drone
* Dalmatinski mih - Diple - a bagpipe with double chanter and no drone
* Hercegovački mih - a bagpipe with double chanter and no drone
* Mih s Pelješca - a bagpipe with double chanter and no drone
* Surle - a bagpipe with double chanter and no drone
# Cristiano (surname)

Cristiano is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrea Cristiano (born 1984), Italian footballer
* Anthony Cristiano, Italian-born Canadian film director, educator, and writer.
* Carmela Marie Cristiano (1927–2011), American Roman Catholic religious sister
* Domenico Cristiano (born 1976), Italian football coach and player
* Filippo Cristiano (born 1987), Italian rugby union player
# Criminal Defence Service Act 2006

The Criminal Defence Service Act 2006 (c 9) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It makes provision about legal representation funded as part of the Criminal Defence Service.
Sections 1 to 4 came into force on 2 October 2006.

## Section 1 - Grant of rights to representation

This section amends Schedule 3 to the Access to Justice Act 1999.

## Section 2 - Rights to representation: financial eligibility

This section amends sections 25 and 26 of, and Schedule 3 to, the Access to Justice Act 1999.

## Section 3 - Rights to representation: contribution orders

Section 3(2) amends section 17 of the Access to Justice Act 1999. Section 3(3) inserts section 17A of that Act. Section 3(4) amends section 25 of that Act.

## Section 4 - Consequential amendments

Section 4(1) amends the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971. Section 4(3) amends the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 and the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000.

## Section 5 - Short title, commencement and extent

This section came into force on 30 March 2006.
The Criminal Defence Service Act 2006 (Commencement) Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/2491 (C. 83)) was made under section 5(2).
# Microlife

A microlife is a unit of risk representing half an hour change of life expectancy.
Discussed by David Spiegelhalter and Alejandro Leiva, and also used by Lin et al. for decision analysis, microlives are intended as a simple way of communicating the impact of a lifestyle or environmental risk factor, based on the associated daily proportional effect on expected length of life. Similar to the micromort (one in a million probability of death) the microlife is intended for "rough but fair comparisons between the sizes of chronic risks". This is to avoid the biasing effects of describing risks in relative hazard ratios, converting them into somewhat tangible units. Similarly they bring long-term future risks into the here-and-now as a gain or loss of time.
    "A daily loss or gain of 30 minutes can be termed a microlife, because 1 000 000 half hours (57 years) roughly corresponds to a lifetime of adult exposure."
The microlife exploits the fact that for small hazard ratios the change in life expectancy is roughly linear. They are by necessity rough estimates, based on averages over population and lifetime. Effects of individual variability, short-term or changing habits, and causal factors are not taken into account.
    Microlives gained/lost per day of exposure, based on estimated life expectancy effects of long term lifestyle and demographic risk factors, for men and women aged 35 years. Risk factorMenWomen Smoking Smoking 15–24 cigarettes−10−9 Alcohol intake First drink (of 10 g alcohol)11 Each subsequent drink (up to 6)−½−1 Obesity Per 5 units above body mass index of 22.5 each day−3−3 Per 5 kg above optimum weight for average height each day−1−1 Sedentary behaviour 2 hours watching television−1−1 Diet Red meat, 1 portion (85 g, 3 oz)−1−1 Fruit and vegetable intake, =5 servings (blood vitamin C >50 nmol/L)43 Coffee intake 2-3 cups11 Physical activity First 20 minutes of moderate exercise22 Subsequent 40 minutes of moderate exercise1½ Statins Taking a statin11 Air pollution Per day living in Mexico City v London−½−½ Geography Per day being a resident of Russia v Sweden−21−9 Era Per day living in 2010 v 19101515 Per day living in 2010 v 198085
# Indonesia at the 2010 Asian Para Games

Indonesia participated in the 2010 Asian Para Games–First Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, China from 13 to 19 December 2010. Athletes from Indonesia won total 11 medals (including one gold), and finished at the 14th spot in a medal table.

## Medal summary
### Medals by sport

Medals by sport :
| Sport | | | | Total |
| Badminton | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
| Swimming | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Athletics | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Table tennis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

### Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Hary Susanto Trihono | Badminton | Men's doubles BMSTL1-3 |
| Silver | Dwiyoko | Badminton | Men's singles BMSTL2 |
| Silver | Hary Susanto | Badminton | Men's singles BMSTL3 |
| Silver | Suryo Nugroho | Badminton | Men's singles BMSTU5 |
| Silver | Dwiyoko Ryan Yohwari | Badminton | Men's doubles BMSTU4–5 |
| Silver | Agus Ngaimin | Swimming | |
| Bronze | Suyono | Athletics | Men's 200 m T38 |
| Bronze | Suyono | Athletics | Men's 400 m T38 |
| Bronze | Setiyo Budihartanto | Athletics | Men's Long jump F46 |
| Bronze | Ryan Yohwari | Badminton | Men's singles BMSTU5 |
| Bronze | Dian David Mickael Jacobs | Table tennis | Men's singles TT10 |
# 2830 Greenwich

2830 Greenwich (prov. designation: 1980 GA) is a bright Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 14 April 1980, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's U.S. Anderson Mesa Station, Arizona, and named for the historical Royal Greenwich Observatory in England. The stony S-type asteroid has a long rotation period of 24 hours and measures approximately 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) in diameter

## Classification and orbit

Greenwich is a member of the Phocaea family (701), a group of asteroids with similar orbital characteristics. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,340 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as 1969 KC at Crimea-Nauchnij in 1969, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 11 years prior to its official discovery observation at Anderson Mesa.

## Naming

This minor planet is named for the Royal Greenwich Observatory, home of the Astronomer Royal and located in the London borough of Greenwich, England. The naming took place on the occasion of the centennial of its adoption as "the Greenwich prime meridian for longitude and time". Founded for naval purposes in 1675, the Royal Observatory quickly became a leading institution in astronomy. In 1884, the prime meridian finally became a worldwide standard. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 May 1984 (M.P.C. 8801).

## Physical characteristics

In the Tholen taxonomy, Greenwich is classified as a stony S-type asteroid.

### Lightcurves

In May 2002, a photometric lightcurve analysis by French amateur astronomer Christophe Demeautis gave an ambiguous rotation period of 24 hours with a brightness variation of 0.5 in magnitude (U=2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Greenwich measures between 7.9 and 9.5 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.17 and 0.19. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE-results, that is, a diameter of 9.252 kilometer with an albedo of 0.1865 and an absolute magnitude of 12.61.
# 2nd (Rawalpindi) Division

The 2nd (Rawalpindi) Division was a regular army division of the British Indian Army. It was formed in 1903 after the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army. During World War I it remained in India for local defence but it was mobilised for action on the North West Frontier on several occasions during the period. The Division was mobilised in 1919 for service during the Third Afghan War.

## Formation in August 1914
### Sialkot (2nd) Cavalry Brigade

    17th Lancers
    6th King Edward's Own Cavalry
    19th Lancers

### Abbottabad (3rd) Brigade

    1st Battalion, 5th Gurkha Rifles
    2nd Battalion, 5th Gurkha Rifles
    1st Battalion, 6th Gurkha Rifles
    2nd Battalion, 6th Gurkha Rifles
    68th, 94th and 104th Companies, Royal Garrison Artillery
    VII Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
       4th, 38th and 78th Batteries, RFA

### Rawalpindi (4th) Brigade

    21st Lancers
    5th Cavalry
    35th Sikhs
    84th Punjabis
    9 Mountain Battery, RGA
    W Battery, Royal Horse Artillery
    II Mountain Brigade, RGA
       1st and 6th Mountain Batteries, RGA

### Jhelum (5th) Brigade

    21st Cavalry
    37th Dogras
    69th Punjabis
    76th Punjabis
    87th Punjabis

### Unbrigaded

    32nd Pioneers (at Sialkot)
    1st Battalion, Green Howards
    4th Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps
    2nd Battalion, Rifle Brigade
    2nd Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment (at Murree)
    I Mountain Brigade, Indian Mountain Artillery (at Abbottabad)
       27th and 30th Mountain Batteries, IMA
    V Mountain Brigade, IMA
       23rd, 28th and 29th Mountain Batteries, IMA
# Bakreshwar River

The Bakreshwar River is a tributary of the Mayurakshi River. It originates in Santhal Parganas division of Jharkhand. It then flows through Birbhum district and meets the Kopai River. The combined waters flow into the Mayurakshi River in Murshidabad district.

## Neel Nirjan

When traveling along the Panagarh–Morgram Highway one has to turn left a little after Dubrajpur for Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station and its reservoir named Neel Nirjan (meaning blue solitude). It is gaining in popularity as a tourist spot. The thermal power station is near Chinpai.

## Irrigation

Bakreshwar canal provides irrigation.
# Asa Walker

Rear Admiral Asa Walker (1845–1916) was a career officer in the United States Navy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He commanded the gunboat USS Concord (PG-3) at the Battle of Manila Bay and served as superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory.

## Biography

Walker was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on November 13, 1845. He entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, on November 21, 1862, and graduated on June 6, 1866.
After graduating he served more than a year on the USS Sacramento, from which he was assigned to the Portsmouth Navy Yard as an ordnance officer. In 1868 he went to the Pacific station, where he served three years, doing duty on the Rosana, Lackawanna, Saranac, and Jamestown. While in these assignments Walker was commissioned an ensign on March 12, 1868; a master on March 26, 1869; and a lieutenant on March 21, 1870.
From 1871 to 1872 he received torpedo training. The following year he performed special duties on the Powhatan. Late in 1873 he returned to the Naval Academy, where he was posted until 1876, when he was sent to the South Atlantic station, serving on the Essex for three years. Between 1879 and 1883 he was assigned to the Naval Academy. From that time until 1886 he remained at the Asiatic station, serving on the Trenton and Monocacy.
On December 12, 1884, while on the Trenton, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant commander. From 1886 to August 1890 he again served at the Naval Academy. He was then placed on waiting orders until October 1891, when he was attached to the monitor Miantonomah. Two years later he was given commanded of the Bancroft, from March to July 1893. From that time until 1897 he was on duty at the Naval Academy.
In April 1894, he was commissioned a commander, and from May 1897 to May 1899, had command of the gunboat USS Concord. He commanded the Concord at the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898. For meritorious services during the battle he was advanced nine numbers in grade.
From August 1899 to October 1900, he was stationed at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. While there, on September 9, 1899, he was promoted to captain. In October 1900, he became a member of the Navy Examining Board in Washington, D.C., and served until 1901 when he assumed command of the cruiser USS San Francisco.
From March to April 1904, he was a member of the Navy General Board under Admiral of the Navy George Dewey, his commander at the Battle of Manila Bay. He then assumed command of the receiving ship Wabash at the Boston Navy Yard.
He was promoted to rear admiral on January 7, 1906, and on February 28, 1906, he was appointed superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. He held this assignment until he was retired after having reached the mandatory retirement age of 62 on November 13, 1907.
In retirement he lived in Annapolis, Maryland, where he died on March 7, 1916, at the age of 70. He is buried in the United States Naval Academy Cemetery.
# Zorawar Singh of Bikaner

Maharaja Zorawar Singh was the ruler of the Kingdom of Bikaner between 1735 and 1746. During this period, the Kingdom was a vassal state of the Mughal empire.

## Biography

Zorawar Singh was born in 1712. He was the son of his predecessor Sujan Singh.

### As crown prince

In 1733, when the forces of Marwar invaded Bikaner, Yuvraj Zorawar Singhji was stationed at Nohar with about 22,000 men. He marched with his men in defense of the capital, and fought with the invading forces at Talao Najasar. The Marwar army, about 15,000 strong and led by Kunwar Bakht Singh, was defeated.
Subsequently, Zorawar Singji disputed with his father over Zorawar's dislike for a man named Khawas Anand Ramji. Maharaja Sujan Singhji had sought to humour the crown prince, but Zorawar Singh would not accept anything less than the killing of Anand Ram. Upon not being granted this, he left Bikaner to reside at Nohar. From there, he had dispatched assassins who murdered Anand Ram at night. He then moved with his force to Bikaner, encamping at a nearby village. Maharaja Sujan Singhji's advisers prompted him not to fight the crown prince, and therefore a reconciliation was arranged. Two queens of Sujan Singh met with Zorawar Singh, who agreed to pay homage to his father. His position and powers were reinstated by the Maharaja.

### Reign

Zorawar was crowned in 1735, upon the death of his father. He began his reign by expelling Marwari troops who had occupied some stations on the border with Bikaner. He then ousted Sangram Singh, the Thakur of Churu from his position.

#### Siege of Bikaner

Maharaja Abhai Singh of Marwar invaded the Bikawat-Rathore territory of Bikaner .The capital was plundered, and the fort besieged. At the request of Zorawar Singh,Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur invaded Marwar. The siege of Bikaner was therefore raised and Maharaja Abhai Singh marched in haste towards his own kingdom, pursued by Bikaneri troops.

#### Occupation of Churu and Hissar

Subsequently, the Maharaja engaged himself in putting down rebels in his territory, with Jaipuri assistance. Churu was occupied, with the rebels expelled, and was later granted to the son of Sangram Singh. The last military campaign of Zorawar was to take back Hissar from the Bhatti and Johiya tribes who had held it. A force was sent under the prime minister to occupy Hansi, while Zorawar himself occupied Hissar.

### Death and cremation

After the taking of Hissar, Zorawar was struck by an illness, and died four days later. It was also suspected that he might have been poisoned. He was cremated at Annupura. At his funeral, a large number of people were burned alive in accordance with the tradition of sati. These included two queens, one khawas (higher ranked concubines), eleven concubines, five slave-girls of the Maharaja, two slave-girls of the concubines, and one brahmin employed in the cooking department. The queens and one concubine burnt at Bikaner, with the Maharaja's turban. The rest burned at Annupura with the corpse.

## See it

* Maratha Empire
* Maratha Mandir
# Ligularia przewalskii

Ligularia przewalskii, also called Przewalski's leopardplant and Przewalski's golden ray, is a species of perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Ligularia and the family Asteraceae, native to damp places in Mongolia and Northern China. Named after the Russian explorer Nikolai Przhevalsky, it used to be called Senecio przewalskii Maxim.
Growing to a height of 1.5–2 m (4.9–6.6 ft), Przewalski's ligularia is a popular ornamental plant cultivated for its large, deeply cut foliage and tall spike-like inflorescences with bright yellow composite flowers. It blooms in summer, from July to August.
In China, Ligularia przewalskii is known as a medicinal plant. Its roots contain thirteen compounds, some with antibacterial activity.

## Cultivation

Plants grow best under cool, moist conditions, and resent hot sunny locations where they wilt extensively. They are propagated from seed or by cutting up the crowns.
The cultivar 'The Rocket' is a recipient of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Clavus triantoniorum

Clavus triantoniorum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Distribution

This is a marine species endemic to Oman
# Whitewood, South Dakota

Whitewood is a city in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 879 at the 2020 census.

## History

Whitewood was platted in 1888 when the Chicago and North Western Railway was extended to that point. It took its name from nearby Whitewood Creek.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.64 square miles (1.66 km$^2$), all land.
Whitewood has been assigned the ZIP code 57793 and the FIPS place code 71580.

## Demographics
### 2010 census

At the 2010 census, there were 927 people, 374 households, and 232 families living in the city. The population density was 1,448.4 inhabitants per square mile (559.2/km$^2$). There were 392 housing units at an average density of 612.5 per square mile (236.5/km$^2$). The racial makup of the city was 91.9% White, 0.8% African American, 3.7% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5%.
Of the 374 households, 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.0% were non-families. 30.7% of households were one person and 12.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.05.
The median age was 38.8 years. 26.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 28.8% were from 45 to 64; and 14.1% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.

### 2000 census

At the 2000 census, there were 844 people, 330 households, and 224 families living in the city. The population density was 1,303.6 inhabitants per square mile (503.3/km$^2$). There were 356 housing units at an average density of 549.9 per square mile (212.3/km$^2$). The racial makup of the city was 95.62% White, 2.61% Native American, 0.24% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.13%.
Of the 330 households, 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 26.1% of households were one person and 11.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.00.
The age distribution was 27.4% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males.
The median household income was $29,297 and the median family income was $30,859. Males had a median income of $25,347 versus $16,597 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,247. About 15.6% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

It is in the Meade School District 46-1.
# Bindiya (novel)

Bindiya is a social novel by Bhojpuri author Ramnath Pandey. It is the first novel written in Bhojpuri. It was published in 1956 by Sekhar Publication of Chhapra. Thematically, it is based on life and problems of the village lifestyle. The story is set in a village of a common farmer Kodai his daughter Bindiya and her lover Mangra

## Plot

Kodai is a small farmer whose daughter, Bindiya, who helps his father in farming. Bindiya loves a village man named Mangra. The Villain of the story is the son of a Landlord, who loves Bindiya and tries to marry her forcefully.
# Daya Shankar Kulshreshtha

Daya Shankar Kulshreshtha (born December, 1951) is an Indian theoretical physicist, specializing in formal aspects of quantum field theory, string theory, supersymmetry, supergravity and superstring theory, Dirac's instant-form and light-front quantization of field theories and D-brane actions. His work on the models of gravity focuses on the studies of charged compact boson stars and boson shells.

## Education and career

Kulshreshtha obtained B.Sc. (1969) and M.Sc. (1971) degrees from Jiwaji University, Gwalior. He received his Ph.D. in 1979 from the University of Delhi, under the supervision of R. P. Saxena. He joined the physics department of Rajdhani College, University of Delhi on a permanent teaching position as a lecturer in physics in October 1978. He worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Kaiserslautern (1982–1984). He then held a five-year position of a UGC-Research Scientist of the University Grants Commission (India) at the University of Delhi (1986–1991) followed by a five-year faculty position at the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (1990–1994) before being appointed a professor at the University of Delhi in 1994. He was head of the department of the Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi for a period of three years during November 2007 - November 2010. He was several times visiting faculty in the Nuclear Theory Group of Iowa State University
and in the Field Theory Group of the Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Oldenburg.

## Research

Kulshreshtha's research focuses on formal aspects of quantum field theory, string theory, supersymmetry, supergravity and superstring theory. In particular, he studies the canonical structure, constrained dynamics and Dirac's instant-form and light-front quantization of field theory, string theory and D-brane actions using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulation and the BRST quantization.
His work on the models of gravity and general relativity, focuses on the studies of charged compact boson stars and boson shells. This work suggests that an infinite sequence of bifurcation points exists in the phase diagrams of such boson stars.
In the early stages of his research, he also worked on the non-relativistic and relativistic Quark model(s).

## Notable collaborators

Asoke Nath Mitra, Harald J. W. Mueller-Kirsten, James P. Vary, Jutta Kunz, Usha Kulshreshtha, Sanjeev Kumar