OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ungual

An ungual (from Latin unguis, i.e. nail) is a highly modified distal toe bone which ends in a hoof, claw, or nail. Elephants and ungulates have ungual phalanges, as did the sauropods and horned dinosaurs. A claw is a highly modified ungual phalanx.
As an adjective, ungual means related to nail, as in periungual (around the nail).
# Ungual tuft

In mammals, ungual tufts are tufts of hairs at the base of claws of the forefeet and hindfeet. Their presence has been used as a character in cladistic studies of the Cricetidae, a large family of rodents.

## Rice rats

Members of the tribe Oryzomyini ("rice rats"), in the Cricetidae subfamily Sigmodontinae, normally have ungual tufts, but they may be reduced or absent in semiaquatic species (i.e. those adapted to life in the water). Lundomys molitor, Nectomys apicalis, the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), and species of Holochilus lack ungual tufts on their forefeet. On the hindfeet, most species have well-developed ungual tufts only on the second to fifth toes, but Sooretamys angouya and Eremoryzomys polius also have thick tufts on the first toe. Pseudoryzomys simplex, Mindomys hammondi, Nectomys squamipes, Sigmodontomys alfari, Oryzomys couesi, the marsh rice rat, and species of Melanomys have sparse ungual tufts only, and Lundomys molitor, Nectomys apicalis, Sigmodontomys aphrastus, and species of Holochilus have very reduced tufts or lack them entirely.

## Other examples

Among other South American cricetids, Abrothrix lanosus has white ungual tufts that are shorter than the claws. Akodon paranaensis has long ungual tufts. Calomys cerqueirai has silvery tufts on the second through fifth digits of the forefeet and all digits of the hindfeet. Abrawayaomys has long, dense ungual tufts. The Tylomyinae are characterized by the presence of ungual tufts on their hindfeet.
White ungual tufts are also present in the Philippine murine genus Batomys. B. hamiguitan and B. russatus have short tips, not extending to the tips of the claws, but those of B. granti and B. salomonseni have tufts longer than the claws. The Malagasy Monticolomys has long ungual tufts, extending beyond the claws, whereas the related Macrotarsomys has shorter tufts. The Brazilian spiny rat Phyllomys sulinus has long, light gray ungual tufts.
The tenrec Microgale jobihely has long, dark brown ungual tufts. The opossum Monodelphis handleyi has short ungual tufts.
# Union Township, Crawford County, Iowa

Union Township is a township in Crawford County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 876.

## Geography

Union Township covers an area of 35.96 square miles (93.1 km$^2$) and contains two incorporated settlements: Arion and Dow City. According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Butler and Dow City.
The streams of Buss Creek, Paradise Creek, Welsh Creek and Willow Creek run through this township.
# Union Township, Delaware County, Indiana

Union Township is one of twelve townships in Delaware County, Indiana. According to the 2010 census, its population was 2,838 and it contained 1,260 housing units.

## History

Felt's Farm and the Mount Zion Methodist Episcopal Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 29.65 square miles (76.8 km$^2$), of which 29.34 square miles (76.0 km$^2$) (or 98.95%) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km$^2$) (or 1.01%) is water.

### Cities and towns

* Eaton

### Unincorporated towns

* Shideler
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Licking Township, Blackford County (north)
* Jackson Township, Blackford County (northeast)
* Niles Township (east)
* Delaware Township (southeast)
* Hamilton Township (south)
* Harrison Township (southwest)
* Washington Township (west)

### Major highways

* Indiana State Road 3

### Cemeteries

The township contains three cemeteries: Leaird, Mount Zion Church and Union.
# David Lunn

David Ramsay Lunn (17 July 1930 – 19 July 2021) was a British Anglican bishop. From 1980 to 1997, he was Bishop of Sheffield in the Church of England.
Lunn was born on Tyneside and educated at the Kings School, Tynemouth, where he was head boy in 1947, and King's College, Cambridge.
An Anglo-Catholic, he was opposed to the ordination of women, seeing it as an issue that needed examination at an ecumenical level. During his episcopacy, he oversaw an increase in lay ministry within the diocese, but also increased the number of clergy and improved the diocese's financial position. The period also saw the creation of the Nine O'Clock Service within one of the diocese's churches. Initially this seemed to be a successful attempt to broaden the appeal of the church, but in the end the project collapsed and required strong leadership from Lunn to heal the resulting wounds. Following the Hillsborough Disaster, he implemented the clergy disaster plan to improve the church's response to such disasters in future.
In 1997 Lunn was awarded an honorary LL.D. degree by Sheffield University. After retirement, during which he settled at Wetwang, he became an assistant bishop in the Diocese of York in 1991.

## Works

Lunn wrote a multi-volume history of the area covered by the diocese including Rivers, Rectors and Abbots and Kings, Canals and Coal.
A keen gardener, he also wrote the booklet Roses Wild: A little book by the Bishop of Sheffield concerning the roses in his garden at Bishopscroft.
# Daviess

Daviess may refer to:
* Maria T. Daviess (1814–1896), American author
* Maria Thompson Daviess (1872–1924), American artist, author
* Hannah Daviess Pittman (1840–1919), American journalist; author of the first American comic opera
* Daviess County (disambiguation), several counties in the US
* Jo Daviess (disambiguation)
# David Palavi

David Palavi (born 19 March 1979) is an Australian former professional rugby union player.
Born to Tongan parents, Palavi attended St Kevin's College in Melbourne and played in their first XV at age 15, before taking up a scholarship to finish his schooling at Canberra's Erindale College.
An openside flanker and hooker, Palavi played 22 matches with the ACT Brumbies in Super 12, including the 2004 final win over the Crusaders. He played in the Canberra Vikings team which won three successive Queensland Premier Rugby titles and in 2005 served as club captain. A neck injury caused him to retire in 2007.
Palavi received a nine-month suspended sentence in 2007 for two separate instances of assault, including an assault on police. He was also ordered to undergo alcohol counselling by the ACT Magistrates Court.
# David Thornley

David Andrew Thornley (31 July 1935 – 18 June 1978) was an Irish Labour Party politician and university professor at Trinity College Dublin.

## Life

Born in Surrey, England, the youngest child of Welshman Frederick Edward Thornley and Dublin-born Maud Helen Thornley (née Browne). His parents, both civil servants, met while working in Inland Revenue in Dublin in the 1910s.
He received a BA and PhD at Trinity College Dublin. His PhD was entitled "Isaac Butt and the creation of an Irish parliamentary party (1868–1879)" and was written under the supervision of Theodore William Moody. He was appointed Associate professor of Trinity in 1968. by then he had been working as a presenter on 7 Days since 1963. In 1964 he published the book Isaac Butt and Home Rule.
After joining Labour in 1969 he was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Labour Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin North-West constituency at the 1969 general election. He confronted the party leader Brendan Corish, who at the time of the Arms Crisis reportedly rejected out of hand any suggestion of military aid or use of force after the outbreak of violence in Northern Ireland.
Thornley considered himself to be "in the mould of James Connolly", being a practising catholic, Marxist and republican.
In December 1972 he called for the immediate release of Seán Mac Stíofáin, then leader of the Provisional IRA. He was re-elected at the 1973 general election. In April 1976, he lost the Labour party whip after appearing on Sinn Féin platform during Easter Rising commemorations. In September 1976, he voted for the Criminal Justice (Jurisdiction) Bill despite misgivings. He told The Irish Times: "When I get very depressed I drink too much. When I voted for the Criminal Justice (Jurisdiction Bill) I went on the batter for a forthnight [sic]." In February 1977, he was re-admitted to the Labour Parliamentary party. He lost his seat at the 1977 general election.
In 1978 he joined the newly formed Socialist Labour Party stating that he had done so because: "There is no man in politics that I respect more than Noël Browne, despite our occasional differences. If the SLP is good for him, it's good enough for me".

## Death and legacy

Thornley died in 1978 in County Dublin, aged 42. He is buried in Bohernabreen Cememtery in Dublin. The Trinity College Labour Branch was formerly named the David Thornley Branch in his honour.
# David Thorns

David Christopher Thorns ONZM (26 August 1943 – 25 December 2020) was a New Zealand sociologist, particularly known for his work on urban and suburban sociology.

## Early life and family

Born in County Durham, England, in 1943, Thorns graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in economics from the University of Sheffield and a Master of Arts degree from the University of Exeter.
In 1966, Thorns married Gloria Kathleen Corrigan, and the couple went on to have two children.

## Career

After eight years as a lecturer in sociology at the University of Exeter, Thorns moved to the University of Auckland where he was appointed as a senior lecturer in sociology in 1974. He subsequently moved in 1977 to the University of Canterbury, where he remained for the rest of his career, rising to the rank of full professor. When he retired, he was conferred the title of professor emeritus. Thorns was awarded a Doctor of Letters degree by the University of Canterbury in 1982.
Regarded as one of New Zealand's leading social scientists, Thorns was noted for his work in urban and regional sociology, investigating themes including suburbia, the sociology of housing and residential mobility, social inequality, urban sustainability, and globalisation and urban change.

## Honours and awards

In 1995, Thorns was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand, and in 2002 he was awarded the University of Canterbury Research Medal. In the 2009 New Year Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to urban sociology.

## Later life and death

Thorns' wife, Gloria, died in 2018. Thorns died in Christchurch on 25 December 2020.

## Selected publications

* Thorns, David C. (1972). Suburbia. London: MacGibbon and Kee. ISBN 0261632612.
* Thorns, David C. (1992). Fragmenting societies?: a comparative analysis of regional and urban development. London: Routledge. ISBN 041504135X.
* Thorns, David C. (2002). The transformation of cities: urban theory and urban life. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0333745965.
* Perkins, Harvey C.; Thorns, David C. (2012). Place, identity and everyday life in a globalizing world. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0230575905.
# United Hatters of North America

The United Hatters of North America (UHU) was a labor union representing hat makers, headquartered in the United States.

## History

The UHU was founded and received a charter in the American Federation of Labor in 1896 through a merger of the International Trade Association of Hat Finishers of America and the National Hat Makers' Association of the United States. One of its co-founders was John A. Moffitt, who served consecutively as UHU vice president, president, and editor of its official journal from 1896 to 1911.
In 1934, the UHU merged with the Cloth Hat, Cap and Millinery Workers International Union to form the United Hatters, Cap and Millinery Workers International Union (UHCMW), a founding member of the Committee for Industrial Organizations. Subsequent mergers led to the formation of the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU) in 1983, and the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE) in 1995.
The UHU was the de facto defendant in the landmark 1908 United States Supreme Court Loewe v. Lawlor decision, which was found adversely for the UHU and, by extension, for all unions in the United States. Loewe v. Lawlor outlawed secondary boycotts and ruled that individual union members could be held personally liable for damages incurred by their union.

## Leadership
### Presidents

    1896: Frederick W. Schmalz
    1898: John A. Moffit
    1911: Simon Blake
    1914: John W. Sculley
    1918: Michael F. Greene

### Secretary-Treasurers

    1896: John Phillips
    1904: Martin Lawlor
# Daviesia rhizomata

Daviesia rhizomata is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low, rhizome-forming shrub with tangled branchlets, scattered, needle-like, sharply pointed phyllodes, and yellow and red flowers.

## Description

Daviesia rhizomata is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3–1 m (1 ft 0 in – 3 ft 3 in) and forms rhizomes from which new plants arise. Its phyllodes are scattered, needle-like, 4–45 mm (0.16–1.77 in) long, 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) wide and sharply pointed. The flowers are arranged singly in leaf axils on a peduncle 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long and a pedicel 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long with very small bracts at the base. The sepals are 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and joined at the base, the lobes about 1.75 mm (0.069 in) long. The standard petal is broadly egg-shaped with a notched tip, about 7 mm (0.28 in) long, 7–9 mm (0.28–0.35 in) wide, and yellow with a red base and yellow centre. The wings are about 7 mm (0.28 in) long and red with yellow tips, the keel about 8 mm (0.31 in) long, red and yellow. Flowering occurs in January and February and the fruit is an inflated, triangular pod 11–13 mm (0.43–0.51 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Daviesia rhizomata was first formally described in 1995 by Michael Crisp in Australian Systematic Botany from specimens he collected near Hyden in 1979. The specific epithet (rhizomata) means "rhizome-possessing".

## Distribution and habitat

This daviesia grows in tall heath and mallee between Hyden, Lake Grace and Newdegate in the Coolgardie and Mallee biogeographic regions of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Daviesia rhizomata is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Deborah Frincke

Deborah A. Frincke is an American academic and computer scientist specializing in computer security who is the associate laboratories director of national security programs at Sandia National Laboratories.

## Education

Frincke was educated at the University of California, Davis, earning a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science and mathematics in 1985, a Master of Science in computer science in 1989, and a PhD in computer science in 1992.

## Career

Frincke began her career as a professor of computer science at the University of Idaho. She is the former chief scientist for cyber security at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, one of the United States Department of Energy national laboratories. From 2014 to 2020, she was director of research for the National Security Agency.
As Research Director, Frincke also served as the NSA Science Advisor and the NSA Innovation Champion. She also served as the NSA Science Advisor and the NSA Innovation Champion. Prior to becoming the director of research, Frincke led global education and training for the agency as Associate Director for Education and Training (ADET). While serving as ADET, Frincke also served as Commandant of National Cryptologic School, where she established the first NSA Cyber College and launched the GenCyber Program. In these roles, she led a worldwide multiservice military and civilian, corporate-level learning organization while also providing executive steering of four Service schools and 20 satellite campuses across the global enterprise. She is also a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Frincke is the first female head of the research directorate at the agency, and has spoken out about the importance of diverse perspectives in computer security.

## Recognition

In 2017 Frincke won the Founders Award of the Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education. She was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2019 "for contributions in education, the practice of research, and the leadership of cybersecurity". Also in 2019, the UC Davis College of Engineering named her as a distinguished alumna.
# Deborah Fraser (academic)

Deborah F. G. Fraser is a New Zealand teaching academic. She is currently a full professor at the University of Waikato.

## Academic career

After an honours teaching degree from Massey University, Fraser had a career as a primary school teacher, both in New Zealand and overseas, before doing a PhD at the University of Waikato, where she stayed on as a lecturer, eventually rising to become full professor in 2015.

## Selected works

* Fraser, Deborah FG. "Strangers in their own land: friendship issues when children have cancer." Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs 3, no. 3 (2003): 147–153.
* Fraser, Deborah FG. "From the playful to the profound: What metaphors tell us about gifted children." Roeper Review 25, no. 4 (2003): 180–184.
* Fraser, Deborah. "Sin, Hope and Optimism in Children's Metaphors." (2000).
# UK-DMC 3

UK-DMC 3 is a constellation of three British Earth imaging satellites which are operated by DMC International Imaging. They were constructed by Surrey Satellite Technology and launched by ISRO on 10 July 2015.

## Cost

Beijing based Twenty-First Century Aerospace Technology Company Limited (21AT) agreed for 110 million British pounds ($170.2 million) to cover the entire cost of the three satellites' delivery in orbit.
# Zircon Airways Benin

Zircon Airways Benin was an airline based in Benin. It was founded in 2001 and ceased operations in 2002.

## Code data

* IATA Code: Z4
* ICAO Code: BZW (not current)
* Callsign: ZIRCON (not current)
# XETIA-AM

XETIA-AM is a radio station on 1310 AM in Tonalá, Jalisco. It is owned by Unidifusión and carries a romantic music format known as Radio Vital.

## History

XEJE-AM received its concession on March 9, 1945. It was owned by Guillermo Johnston and broadcast with 250 watts. XEJE became XETIA-AM by the 1960s and was sold twice, once to Radiodifusoras de Occidente in 1960, and again to Radio Sinfonía, S.A. in 1967. This latter owner succeeded in obtaining a sister FM station for XETIA, XETIA-FM. Power was raised from 1 to 5 kW in the 1980s and again to 10 kW by the 2000s.
In early 2019, XETIA-AM ditched its Radio Vital health talk format for Sabrosita, programmed by Mexico City-based NRM Comunicaciones and largely a simulcast of its XEPH-AM 590 AM.
On June 22, 2019, Sabrosita stopped broadcasting, with XETIA returning to Radio Vital.
# Esther Erlich

Esther Erlich (born 1955) is a Melbourne-based Australian artist who has been exhibiting since 1985. She won the 1998 Doug Moran National Portrait Prize with her painting, "Gaunt and Glorious" a portrait of Steve Moneghetti. In 2000 Esther won the Archibald People's Choice Award with her painting of Bill Leak.
Her works can be found in the collections of the National Library of Australia, the National Portrait Gallery, ALP Building Canberra, Council for Adult Education Victoria, Royal Overseas League Australian Collection, Performing Arts Museum Victoria.
Awards :
| Preceded byEvert Ploeg | People's Choice Award 2000 Never been better-portrait of painter Bill Leak | Succeeded byPaul Newton |
# Michele Lu Lanzone

Michele Lu Lanzone is a dramatic monologue by Dario Fo.

## Synopsis

The mother of the Sicilian trade unionist Michele Lu Lanzone tells the story of her son's life. He was killed by the Mafia after he discovered a spring in an area which was ridden by drought and where the local people had no choice but to work in the mines. The mother remembers the events from the confines of a mental institution. This piece was performed by Franca Rame as part of the two-act play The Worker Knows 300 Words, The Boss Knows 1,000 - That's Why He's the Boss (L'operaio conosce 300 parole, il padrone 1,000 - per questo lui è il padrone).

## Translations

An authorised English translation has been made by Ed Emery.
# Clarence Scharbauer

Clarence Scharbauer (August 17, 1879 – October 2, 1942) was an American rancher, oilman, banker and hotelier. He was the owner of large ranches in Texas and New Mexico. By the time of his death, Scharbauer was "one of West Texas' most prominent and influential citizens."

## Early life

Clarence Scharbauer was born on August 18, 1879, in Albany County, New York. He grew up in Midland, Texas. His paternal uncle, John Scharbauer, was a Texas cattleman who owned ranches in Lea County, New Mexico. His paternal great-grandfather was an immigrant from Germany.
Scharbauer attended a business school in Waco, Texas, followed by Baylor University.

## Career

Scharbauer managed and eventually inherited the family ranches. His ranches "spread into five West Texas and two New Mexico counties." One ranch was in Pecos County, Texas. In 1935, oil was discovered on his ranches. When his uncle's ranches in Lea County, New Mexico were purchased by Millard Eidson of Lovington, New Mexico, in 1942, Scharbauer succeeded his uncle as the president of the Scharbauer Cattle Company.
Scharbauer joined the Board of Directors of the First National Bank of Midland in 1923. He served as its vice president from 1925 to 1927, and as its president from 1927 until his death.
Scharbauer built the Scharbauer Hotel, a 250-room hotel in Midland, Texas, in 1928. It opened in 1928, and it became the center of business and social life in Midland. Additionally, he served as the president of the Midland Fair, which organized rodeos in Midland. He was also the owner of a local radio station, KRLH.
In the wake of World War II, Scharbauer donated 450 acres to expand the Midland International Air and Space Port.

## Personal life

Scharbauer married Ruth Cowden. They had two sons, including Clarence Scharbauer, Jr., a horsebreeder. They resided in a house at 602 South Main Street, until they moved into a penthouse in the Scharbauer Hotel in Midland, Texas.

## Death and legacy

Scharbauer died of cancer on October 2, 1942. His funeral, which took place at the First Baptist Church in Midland on October 4, was held by Dr. William R. White, the President of Hardin–Simmons University. He was buried at the Fairview Cemetery in Midland, Texas. By the time of his death, Scharbauer was "one of West Texas' most prominent and influential citizens."
His will bequeathed US$25,000 to build the new First Baptist Church in Midland, Texas. The rest of his estate went to his widow, his son, and a cousin, Arnold Scharbauer. His son, Clarence Scharbauer, Jr., was a philanthropist and inductee into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame and the Horse Racing Hall of Fame.
The Scharbauer Hotel in Midland, Texas was demolished in 1973.