OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michael Joseph Crumpton

Michael Joseph Crumpton CBE, FRS (born 7 June 1929) was Director of Research (Laboratories) for the Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories based in London (now part of Cancer Research UK).

## Early life and education

Michael Joseph Crumpton was born on 7 June 1929, as the son of Charles and Edith Crumpton. He was educated at Poole Grammar School in Poole, Dorset, England, and University College Southampton (now Southampton University) and obtained a BSc from the University of London (the awarding body at the time). He then worked at the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, obtaining a PhD, also from London University.
From 1953 to 1955, he did National Service with the Royal Army Medical Corps.

## Career

From 1955 to 1960, he was a member of the scientific staff of the Microbiological Research Establishment, now part of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (or 'dstl' for short) based at Porton Down, near Salisbury, Wiltshire, and usually simply referred to as 'Porton Down'. From 1960–66 he was a Research Fellow in the Immunology Department of St Mary's Hospital Medical School then part of London University, now part of Imperial College.
Crumpton then joined the scientific staff at the National Institute for Medical Research based in Mill Hill, London, becoming Head of the Biochemistry Division from 1976–79 and the Cell Board from 1979–1983. The Institute moved to the new Francis Crick Institute in Camden in 2016.
Crumpton became a non-executive Director of Imperial Cancer Research Technology Ltd, part of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund from 1989–1999 and was Chief Operating Officer from 1993–94.
Crumpton was a member and later chairman of the World Health Organization’s steering committee for Polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria from 1984–1991. He has also served on many other scientific and medical committees in England, Canada and the United States.
Crumpton gave the Bernal Lecture in 2004 entitled: "Are low-frequency environmental fields a health hazard?".

## Personal life

In 1960 he married Janet Elizabeth Dean, and they had one son and two daughters.
Crumpton was created FRS in 1979 and was appointed a CBE in 1991.
# Lectionary 337

Lectionary 337 (Gregory-Aland), designated by siglum ℓ 337 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th-century. The manuscript has not survived in complete condition.

## Description

The original codex contained lessons from the Gospel of John, Matthew and Luke (Evangelistarium) with lacunae on 103 parchment leaves. The leaves are measured (29 cm by 22 cm).
The text is written in Greek minuscule letters, in two columns per page, 27 lines per page. It has no musical notes.
The codex contains weekday Gospel lessons from Easter to Pentecost and Saturday/Sunday Gospel lessons for the other weeks.

## History

Scrivener dated the manuscript to the 13th-century, Gregory dated it to the 12th or 13th-century. It is presently assigned by the INTF to the 12th-century.
In 1882 H. C. Clements presented it for the British Museum.
The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (285$^e$) and Gregory (number 337$^e$). Gregory saw it in 1883.
Currently the codex is housed at the British Library (Add MS 31949) in London.
The fragment is not cited in critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS4, NA27).
# 17th Infantry Division (South Korea)

The 17th Infantry Division (Korean: 제17보병사단) is a military formation of the ROKA. The 17th division is subordinated to the Capital Corps and is headquartered in Bupyeong District, Incheon. Its responsibility is the defense of Incheon.

## Organization

* Headquarters:
** Headquarters Company
** Intelligence Company
** Air Defense Company
** Reconnaissance Battalion
** Engineer Battalion
** Armored Battalion
** Signal Battalion
** Support Battalion
** Military Police Battalion
** Medical Battalion
** Chemical Battalion
* 3rd Security Group
* 100th Infantry Brigade
* 101st Infantry Brigade
* 102nd Infantry Brigade
* 507th Infantry Brigade
* Artillery Brigade (equipped with K55A1 SPHs)
# Abarema leucophylla var. vaupesensis

Abarema leucophylla var. vaupesensis is a vulnerable variety of legume. It is restricted to an area along the Vaupés River and Apaporís River in Vaupés Department, Colombia.
# Alexis Belton

Alexis Belton (born June 9, 1993) is a World Long Drive competitor from Ruston, La. Belton competes in events that are sanctioned by the World Long Drive Association, which is owned by Golf Channel, part of the NBC Sports Group, and a division of Comcast. The season-long schedule features events airing live on Golf Channel, culminating in the Volvik World Long Drive Championship in September.

## World Long Drive career

Belton earned her first World Long Drive Tour event victory at the 2018 Clash in the Canyon (Nevada), and also finished runner-up at the Tennessee Big Shots benefiting Niswonger Children's Hospital, which both aired live on Golf Channel. In 2017, Belton reached the semifinals at the Volvik World Long Drive Championship (Oklahoma) in her first-ever competition.
In 2018, Belton competed in four WLD events and placed no lower than the quarterfinals, with one runner-up finish and one title. That title – at the Clash in the Canyon – came in just her second-ever WLD competition.

## Before World Long Drive

Prior to competing in World Long Drive, Belton competed for three years on the women's golf team at Texas Wesleyan University, where she also won the PGA Minority Tournament during her sophomore year. She earned All-America status at Texas Wesleyan in 2015, the first player in the three-year history of the program to claim that honor.
# Dhadhar

Dhadhar is a village in Churu tehsil in Churu district in the state of Rajasthan, India.

## Demographics

The Census of India, 2011 recorded a population of 2,959 persons in 544 households.

## Geography

The village is located within the Shekhawati desert region of northern Rajasthan.

## Education

There are four government schools - three primary and one secondary - and one senior secondary private school. There are five temples (Goga Medi, Shiv ji, Kali Maa, Balaji, Krishan ji).
# Banana cake (disambiguation)

Banana cake is a cake prepared using bananas.
Banana cake may also refer to:
* Banana bread, a type of bread that is made with mashed bananas
* Banana roll, a common Chinese or Hongkonger pastry
# Cookstown Airport

Cookstown Airport (TC LID: CCT2) is located 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) northeast of Cookstown, Ontario, Canada. It is the headquarters of Skydive Toronto Inc.
# Corbet baronets of Leighton (1642)

The Corbet baronetcy, of Leighton in the County of Montgomery, was created in the Baronetage of England on 20 June 1642 for Edward Corbet. The 2nd and 4th Baronets both represented Shrewsbury in Parliament. The title is believed to have become extinct on the latter's death in 1774; but it was assumed by self-styled 5th and 6th Baronets, to 1808.

## Corbet baronets, of Leighton (1642)

* Sir Edward Corbet, 1st Baronet (died 1655)
* Sir Richard Corbet, 2nd Baronet (1640–1683)
* Sir Uvedale Corbet, 3rd Baronet (1668–1701)
* Sir Richard Corbet, 4th Baronet (1696–1774)
# Gap surface plasmon

A gap surface plasmon (or gap plasmon) is a guided electromagnetic wave which propagates in a transparent medium located between two extremely close metallic regions. Propagating in a gap between metals forces light to propagate partially inside the metallic regions, causing the gap plasmon to slow down.
The velocity of the gap-plasmon can be modulated by changing the thickness of the gap even by a few nanometers.
A gap-plasmon is a guided mode, a solution of Maxwell's equations without source. It is the form under which light propagates inside an extremely thin gap between two metals (having the same nature or not). As a gap plasmon, the electromagnetic wave can propagate up to four to five times slower than in vacuum. Such a guided mode only exists for parallel to the interface magnetic fields (p polarization). The distance between the metallic area has to be typically smaller than 50 nm in order to noticeably slow the guided mode. Actually, the GAP plasmon propagates partially inside the metal : the field of the GAP plasmon penetrates the metal to a depth of typically 25 nm, called the skin depth. A slow guided mode presents a short effective wavelength and so a very large wave vector (noted kx when the wave propagates along an Ox axis). As the thickness of the dielectric region decreases, the gap-plasmon is slowed by the metal and its effective index (as well as its wavevector) increases, while its effective wavelength shrinks.
Devices based on gap-plasmon, such as resonators, present a typical size which is of the order of the effective wavelength. Gap-plasmon resonators have in general a reduced size compared to the wavelength of light in vacuum. Such a miniaturization is particularly sought after in plasmonics.

## Applications

* Gap plasmon resonators :
They can be obtained by self-assembly of chemically synthesized nanocubes or by lithography. A GAP plasmon resonator is a cavity for the guided mode : the wave is reflected back and forth inside the resonator.
Such structures (see picture) present a very small volume compared to the wavelength is vacuum (which allow to reach a very important Purcell effect). Such resonators can then be used to design metasurfaces, fabricate reflection holograms or for subwavelength color printing.
Example : chemically synthesized silver nanocubes on a gold layer, separated by polymer (see picture).
* Electro-optical modulators :
Electro-optical modulators are designed to modulate a light signal, i.e. they modulate on the characteristics of a light beam (such as its wavelength, polarization state or intensity) to encode a signal. The gap plasmon based modulators are the smallest existing modulators. Losses are reduced thanks to this small size. They operate over a large frequency range. Actually, the upper frequency limit of such devices is currently beyond the reach of electronic measuring devices.
# Lectionary 82

Lectionary 82, designated by siglum ℓ 82 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on paper leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th-century.

## Description

The codex contains lessons from the Gospels of John, Matthew, Luke lectionary (Evangelistarium) with some lacunae. It is written in Greek minuscule letters, on 150 paper leaves (24.96 cm by 16.7 cm). The writing stands in 1 column per page, 27 lines per page. It contains some lessons from Prophets.

## History

Scholz examined it partially. It was examined and described by Paulin Martin. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1885.
The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3).
Currently the codex is located in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gr. 276) in Paris.
# List of football stadiums in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The following is a list of football stadiums in Bosnia and Herzegovina, ordered by capacity.

## Existing stadiums

| # | Stadium | Capacity | Opened | City/Town | Home team(s) | UEFA Rank. |
| 1 | Stadion Asim Ferhatović-Hase | 37,500 | 1947 | Sarajevo | FK Sarajevo | UEFA |
| 2 | Stadion Bilino Polje | 15,600 | 1972 | Zenica | NK Čelik and Bosnia and Herzegovina | UEFA |
| 3 | Stadion Grbavica | 13,146 | 1953 | Sarajevo | FK Željezničar and Bosnia and Herzegovina | UEFA |
| 4 | Banja Luka City Stadium | 10,030 | 1937 | Banja Luka | FK Borac | UEFA |
| 5 | Stadion pod Bijelim Brijegom | 9,000 | 1971 | Mostar | HŠK Zrinjski | UEFA |
| 6 | Stadion Police | 8,550 | n/a | Trebinje | FK Leotar | |
| 7 | Stadion Banovići | 8,500 | n/a | Banovići | FK Budućnost | |
| 8 | Stadion Mokri Dolac | 8,000 | n/a | Posušje | HŠK Posušje | |
| 9 | Stadion Pod borićima | 8,000 | 1983 | Bihać | NK Jedinstvo | |
| 10 | Stadion Tušanj | 7,200 | 1957 | Tuzla | FK Sloboda Tuzla | UEFA |
| 11 | Stadion Pecara | 7,000 | 1953 | Široki Brijeg | NK Široki Brijeg | UEFA |
| 12 | Stadion Rođeni | 7,000 | 1995 | Mostar | FK Velež | |
| 13 | Stadion Dr. Milan Jelić | 6,000 | 1962 | Modriča | FK Modriča | |
| 14 | Stadion Bijeljina | 6,000 | 1954 | Bijeljina | FK Radnik | |
| 15 | Stadion SRC Slavija | 6,000 | n/a | Istočno Sarajevo | FK Slavija | |
| 16 | Stadion Prijedor | 6,000 | n/a | Prijedor | FK Rudar | |
| 17 | Stadion Laktaši | 5,000 | n/a | Laktaši | FK Laktaši | |
| 18 | Stadion Banja Ilidža | 5,000 | n/a | Gradačac | NK Zvijezda | |
| 19 | Stadion Pirota | 4,000 | n/a | Travnik | NK Travnik | |
| 20 | Stadion Žepče | 4,000 | n/a | Žepče | NK Žepče | |
| 21 | Stadion Vitez | 3,500 | 1993 | Vitez | NK Vitez | |
| 22 | Stadion Krupa na Vrbasu | 3,500 | n/a | Krupa na Vrbasu | FK Krupa | |
| 23 | Stadion Otoka | 3,000 | 1993 | Sarajevo | FK Olimpik | |
| 24 | Stadion Perica-Pero Pavlović | 3,000 | 1959 | Gabela | NK GOŠK Gabela | |
| 25 | Stadion Orašje | 3,000 | n/a | Orašje | HNK Orašje | |
| 26 | Stadion Luke | 2,000 | n/a | Mrkonjić Grad | FK Sloboda Mrkonjić Grad | |
# Abarema levelii

Abarema levelii is a species of plant of the genus Abarema in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Venezuela and north Brazil.
# Alfred Darling

Alfred Darling (1862–1931) was an engineer and a key member of the loose association of early film pioneers dubbed the Brighton School by French film historian Georges Sadoul.

## Biography

Darling began to manufacture film equipment at his engineering works at 25 Ditchling Rise, Brighton after carrying out repairs for Esmé Collings. His clients included George Albert Smith and James Williamson. In 1897 he took out a patent, jointly with Alfred Wrench, for a camera with a variable shutter and a claw pull-down mechanism. In 1899, on a commission from Charles Urban, he produced the Biokam, a film-making system for amateurs using 17.5mm film. His 35mm film equipment was widely used during the early years of cinema development.
# Diatraea evanescens

Diatraea evanescens is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1917. It is found in the US states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas.
The wingspan is about 18–20 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from March to September.
The larvae feed on Paspalum larranagae.
# ≤

≤ may refer to:
* Inequality (mathematics), relation between values; a ≤ b means "a is less than or equal to b"
* Subgroup, a subset of a given group in group theory; H ≤ G is read as "H is a subgroup of G"
# Tommy Luther

Thomas Jefferson Luther (July 28, 1908 – January 27, 2001) was an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey.

## Riding career

In 1928 Tommy Luther won the then "World's Richest Race", the 100k Coffroth Handicap aboard Crystal Pennant at Agua Caliente Racetrack. He also won the first Narragansett Special in 1934 at Narragansett Park on Time Supply.
In 1934 Tommy Luther rode Top Row to a new world record for 1 1/16 miles on dirt in the San Francisco Handicap at the Bay Meadows Racetrack in San Mateo, California. Later that year at Havre de Grace, Maryland he rode Time Supply to a new track record for the Havre de Grace Racetrack.
Luther rode for 26 years and then trained horses for another 26 years.

## Honors

Tommy Luther helped establish the Jockeys' Guild and in 1991 was presented with a Founders' Pin by the then Guild president, Hall of Fame jockey Jerry Bailey.
In 2001, Saratoga Mountain Press of Saratoga Springs, New York published Jockeying For Change: Saratoga's Tommy Luther Kindling A Sense Of Humanity In The World Of Thoroughbred Racing written by Ron Farra.
Saratoga Race Course honored Tommy Luther with a 2004 opening day race in his name. The race was won by Right This Way who was ridden by Jose Espinoza for trainer Barclay Tagg.
In 2011, American racing fans formed the Tommy Luther History and Fan Club.
Tommy Luther was buried at Greenridge Cemetery in Saratoga Springs, New York.
# Copper zinc antimony sulfide

Copper zinc antimony sulfide is a semiconductor.
# Bramley, Gauteng

Bramley is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

## History

The suburb is situated on part of an old Witwatersrand farm called Syferfontein. It was established in 1904 and was named after one of the landowners, Edward Bramley.
# Flaming Star (song)

"Flaming Star" is a song first recorded by Elvis Presley as part of the soundtrack for his 1960 motion picture Flaming Star.
It was also released in February 1961 as the first track of an extended play titled Elvis by Request: Flaming Star and 3 Other Great Songs.
The song peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Writing and recording

The song was written by Sid Wayne and Sherman Edwards. Elvis Presley recorded it on October 7, 1960, in the Radio Recorders Studio in Hollywood, California. An alternate song entitled "Black Star" - with a similar theme to the "Blackstar" song that opens David Bowie's 2016 Blackstar album - was also recorded for the movie but was not used.

## Charts and sales

| Chart (1961) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 14 |

### Sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada | — | 34,000 |
# Brunei at the 2014 Asian Beach Games

Brunei participated in the 2014 Asian Beach Games in Phuket, Thailand from 14 to 23 November 2014.

## Medal summary
### Medal by sport

Medals by sport :
| Sport | | | | Total |
| Beach Sepaktakraw | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |

### Medal by Date

Medals by date :
| Day | Date | | | | Total |
| –1 | 12 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 13 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 14 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 15 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | 16 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | 17 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | 18 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | 19 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7 | 20 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | 21 Nov | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 | 22 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | 23 Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
# Abarema idiopoda

Abarema idiopoda is a species of plant of the genus Abarema in the family Fabaceae.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Barneby & Grimes (1996), ILDIS (2005)
# Vladimir Winkler

Vladimir Winkler (Russian: Влади́мир Фра́нцевич Ви́нклер, IPA:; 1884–1956) was a Czech sculptor best known for early 20th century buildings' facades in Russian Siberia. Born František Winkler, he adopted the name Vladimir when living in Russia.

## Biography

František Winkler was born in 1.6.1885 in Přerov, near Olomouc, in the heart of Moravia, Austro-Hungarian Empire. Since his childhood he was interested in art, and his father sent him to an Industrial Arts school in Prague, after graduating from which, František entered the Prague School of Applied Arts, where he studied in the class of Professor Stanislav Sucharda. Winkler graduated from the school in 1908 and engaged in arts.
World War I, that started in 1914, changed his life. He was a photographer at the Russian-German front and was taken captive. As a prisoner of war, he was sent to Omsk.
At that time, Omsk was passing through the phase of cultural and economic upturn. The city was growing rapidly and had resources to elect monumental administrative buildings, cultural and educational facilities. Omsk needed Winkler's talent to decorate the facades and interiors. In the beginning, he was the only academic sculptor in the region.
Winkler's works include the buildings of New Town Theater (now Omsk Drama Theater), which pediment is topped by his sculpture of a winged genius, Omsk Railway Administration, Commercial School, Chrystal Palace cinema, Court of Justice, Russian Asiatic Society. It is his statues and relief compositions that make these greatest buildings in Omsk stand out.
In early 1918, Winkler went with Czechoslovak Legion to Vladivostok, where he continued his work through the Civil War and several political system changes. New Theater's sculptural decoration, created in 1924, and the monumental composition "The proletarian, breaking the chains around the Earth" on the Palace of Labour mark his Soviet period.
In 1928, he left the Soviet Russia and went to Harbin, China, where many White Russians lived at that time, and again lived through wars and different political regimes, first creating works dedicated to Nicholas II, then to Stalin and Mao Zedong. Winkler died in Harbin in 1956.
# Villa Hidalgo, Chiapas

Villa Hidalgo, Chiapas may refer to:
* Villa Hidalgo (Villaflores), Chiapas, Mexico
* Villa Hidalgo (Tuzantán), Chiapas, Mexico
# Phala

Phala is a Sanskrit term that means “fruit” of one's actions in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Buddhism, the following types of phala are identified:
* Ariya-phala also refers to the fruition of following the Buddhist path.
* Maha-phala refers the great fruits of the contemplative life.

## Within Hinduism

In Hinduism, the term phala is translated as fruition, results, effects.
In Hindu literature, a phalashruti is a meritorious verse that describes the benefits of listening to a given text and details its greatness.
The Yoga-Sûtra of Patañjali (verse 2.36) states:
    As truthfulness (satya) is achieved, the fruits of actions naturally result according to the will of the Yogi. (satya pratisthayam kriya phala ashrayatvam)

## Within Buddhism

Within Buddhism, the term phala is used to refer to the fruition or results of actions according to the doctrine of karmic action and result.

### Alternate translations

The term phala is translated as:
* fruit (Harvey, 1990, p. 39; Keown, 2000, loc 810-813)
* fruition
* effect (Ven. D. Mahinda Thera)

### Ariya-phala

The term Ariya phala is used to refer specifically to the fruition of following the Buddhist path. The fruition for each of the four levels of the path is identified as follows:
* Sota patti phala, fruition of stream entry
* Sakadagamiphala, fruition of once returning
* Anagami phala, fruition of non returning
* Arahatta phala, fruition of the worthy one or perfected one

### Maha-phala

The term Maha-phala refers to the ten "Great fruits" of the contemplative life. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, the 10 “Great fruits” (DN 2) are:
* Equanimity (upekkha)
* Fearlessness (nibbhaya)
* Freedom from unhappiness & suffering (Asukhacaadukkha)
* Meditative Absorption (jhana/samādhi)
* Out-of-body experience (Manomaya)
* Clairaudience (dibba-sota)
* Intuition and mental telepathy (ceto-pariya-ñána)
* Recollection of past lives (Patisandhi)
* Clairvoyance (dibba-cakkhu)
* End of anxiety & mental agitation (nirvāna)

## Comparison to Christianity

The fruit (phala) of Buddhism and Hinduism are comparable the charisms of Charismatic Christianity which are known as the "sign-gifts” of the Holy Spirit, which are the charisms of prophesy, healing, and speaking in tongues, as described in St Paul's Epistle, 1 Corinthians, Chapters 12 and 14 and elsewhere.