OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Azolla primaeva

Azolla primaeva is an extinct species of "water fern" in the family Salviniaceae known from Eocene fossils from the Ypresian stage (56 to 48 million years ago), found in southern British Columbia.
The species was first described from poorly preserved material collected in the Similkameen River area near Princeton, British Columbia and later noted from outcrops at Stump Lake northeast of Princeton. The fossils were described by David P. Penhallow in the 1890 volume On Fossil Plants from the Smilkameen Valley and Other Places in the Southern Interior of British Columbia. Though the volume only lists John William Dawson as author, Dawson notes that the A primaevum description had been written by Penhallow. Due to the poor nature of the type specimen the species was placed in the form genus Azollophyllum as Azollophyllum primaevum indicating its similarity to the modern genus, but at the same time acknowledging lack of detail needed to confirm its placement in the genus.
Placement of the species was formally changed with the publication of a paper written by Chester A. Arnold based on new fossil specimens collected near the former mining camp of Ashnola, British Columbia, approximately 8 miles south of Princeton along the Similkimeen River. The fossils were recovered from strata of the Allenby Formation, at the time considered Oligocene age, but now known to be of the Early Middle Eocene.
The specimens were studied by Arnold of the University of Michigan who published the 1955 type redescription for A. primaeva in the Contributions from the Museum of. Paleontology, University of Michigan, Volume 12. Arnold noted the new specimens to consist of leafy vegetation and roots often forming mats in the rock. The plants are accompanied by microspore massulae and megasporangia.
At the time this paper was published, four species of Azolla had been described from the fossil record. The oldest species at that time was A. intertrappea from Eocene age strata in India and described in 1934 by Birbal Sahni and H. S. Rao. Also in 1934, Roland W. Brown described a similarly aged species, A. berryi, from the Middle Eocene Green River Formation. An Oligocene species, A. prisca, was published from the London Clays of England eight years earlier in 1926 by Marjorie E.J. Chandler and Eleanor M. Reid. The youngest of the fossil species was A. tertiaria described by Edward W. Berry in 1927 from Pliocene fossils found in the Esmeralda Formation of Nevada. Arnold notes that with the placement of A. primaeva into the genus Azolla means that its description in 1890 was actually the earliest species described from the fossil record.
After comparing the new fossil specimens to both modern and fossil species as much as he was able with the descriptions available, Arnold noted A. primaeva to be close in morphology to the living A.filiculoides and the Eocene A. intertrappea of India. Fossil specimens of Azolla have been recovered from the closely related strata of the Klondike Mountain Formation around Republic, Washington, but have not been described to species.
# Ernie Phythian

Ernest Rixon Phythian (16 July 1942 – 3 August 2020) was an English professional footballer who played as a striker. Active between 1960 and 1968, Phythian made over 250 appearances in the Football League, scoring nearly 100 goals.

## Early and personal life

Born in Farnworth, Phythian was related to footballer Jimmy Seddon and referee Ken Seddon.

## Career

As a child he captained Farnworth Schoolboys and played for Lancashire Schoolboys. He also played cricket for North of England Schools and for various clubs around Bolton.
He began his career with Bolton Wanderers as an amateur at the age of 15, initially combining his football career with work as an apprentice toolmaker. He made his first-team debut in 1960, aged 17.
He later played for Wrexham and Hartlepools United before moving to South Africa to play with Southern Suburbs.
He was also an England Youth international.

## Later life and death

He died on 3 August 2020, aged 78, in Johannesburg, South Africa.
# Ernst Karl Friedrich Wunderlich

Ernst Karl Friedrich Wunderlich (1783 – 14 March 1816) was a German classical philologist born in Westerengel, a village near Trebra. He was the father of legal scholar Agathon Wunderlich (1810-1878).
He studied classical philology at the University of Göttingen, where in 1806 he earned his doctorate. In 1808 he was appointed assessor at the university, where shortly afterwards he became an associate professor. One of his better known students at Göttingen was philologist Karl Lachmann (1793-1851). Wunderlich died from acute angina when he was in his early thirties.
Among his better known literary works are the following:
* "Albii Tibulli Carmina libri tres cum quarto libro Sulpiciae et aliorum" (1806; revised posthumously in 1817 by Georg Ludolf Dissen 1784-1837).
* "Observationes critica in Aeschyli tragoedias tragoediarumque reliquias" (1809).
* "Demosthenis Oratio per corona, Aeschinis in Ctesiphontem" (1810, second edition 1820).
* "P. Vergilii Maronis opera in tironum" — completion of the Christian Gottlob Heyne (1729-1812) edition, posthumously released by Friedrich Ernst Ruhkopf (1760-1821) - Hanover/Leipzig 1816.
# Ernst Kamnitzer

Ernst Kamnitzer (20 December 1885 – 10 October 1946) was a German dramatist, publisher, and jurist.

## Works (selected)

* Der einsame Weg. (The Only Way) Comedy. Haupt & Hammon, Leipzig 1909.
* Der gestohlene Tod. (The Stolen Death) Haupt & Hammon, Leipzig 1909.
* Die Nadel (The Needle). Comedy in 3 acts following a draft by Carl Sternheim. S. Fischer, Berlin 1915.
* Aiaia: Spiel in 3 Akten. Nierendorf, Berlin 1928.

## Publisher

* Silvio Pellico: Mein Leben in Gefängnissen. (My Life in Prison) Theatiner-Verlag, München 1924.
* With Hermann Bahr: Die Werke von Alessandro Manzoni. (The Works of Alessandro Manzoni) 12 Bde. Theatiner-Verlag, München 1923 ff.
* Novalis: Sämtliche Werke. 4 Bde. Rösl & Cie., München 1923 f.
* Novalis: Fragmente. W. Jess, Dresden 1928.
* Der Londoner verlorene Sohn, translation of The London Prodigal by Ludwig Tieck with the original attributed to Shakespeare. Edited by Kamnitzer. Bühnenvolksbundverlag, Berlin 1928.

## Literature

* Kamnitzer, Ernst, in: Salomon Wininger: Große jüdische National-Biographie. Band 7. Czernowitz 1936, S. 150.
* Kamnitzer, Ernst, in: Joseph Walk (Hrsg.): Kurzbiographien zur Geschichte der Juden 1918–1945. München: Saur 1988, ISBN 3-598-10477-4, S. 182.
# Koiak 9

Koiak 8 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 10
The ninth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 5, of the Julian calendar, and December 18, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

## Commemorations
### Saints

* The departure of Saint Poemen the Confessor
# Yvonne Bönisch

Yvonne Snir-Bönisch (née Bönisch; born 29 December 1980 in Ludwigsfelde, East Germany) is a German judo coach and former judoka. She retired in 2008.
She won a gold medal in the lightweight division (57 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics and was a two-times world championship finalist (2003 and 2005). Her beginnings with judo happened at JV Ludwigsfelde.
Bönisch coached at UJKC Potsdam. She moved to Israel in January 2017 and was a coach with the women's national team until end of 2020. Since 1.1.2021 she is the head coach of the Austrian Judo national team and responsible for men and women. At the Tokyo Olympics her athletes won 2 medals. Silver for Michaela Polleres (‍–‍70 kg) and Bronze for Shamil Borchashvili (‍–‍81 kg). At the Paris Olympics her athlete, Michaela Polleres (‍–‍70 kg) won Bronze.
For her success at the 2024 Olympic Games, she was awarded the seventh Dan by Judo Austria.

## Private life

Yvonne Snir-Bönisch is married to an Israeli woman.
# Knight v Indian Head School Division No 19

Knight v Indian Head School Division No 19, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 653 is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on procedural fairness in Canadian administrative law. The Court created a threshold test to determine whether an administrative process invoked a common law duty of fairness based on the nature of the decision, relationship between the parties, and the effect on the individual claimant.

## Background

Ronald Gary Knight was dismissed as superintendent of a school board. His position was held at pleasure. His dismissal was not for personal reasons, but he claimed procedural fairness should apply and a hearing should have been held.

## 3 Prong Test

In order for procedural fairness to apply at common-law, certain requirements must be met. According to L'Heureux-Dubé J. they are:
1.Administrative powers attract procedural fairness while legislative powers do not
* Preliminary or interlocutory decisions don't invoke procedural fairness
2. Relationship existing between that body and the individual; and
* Exercise of power is pursuant to statute (or prerogative) (executive action)
3. Effect of that decision on the individual's rights (privileges / interests)
* Low threshold requiring only that applicant have an interest and that it be impacted
If all of these criteria are met then procedural fairness is triggered and the court will decide what procedures the applicant is due.
# Erra

Erra can refer to:
* Erra (god), a Babylonian god
* Erra, Estonia, a settlement in Sonda Parish, Ida-Viru County, Estonia
* Erra, the purported home planet of the pleiadean aliens described by ufologist Billy Meier
* Pizzo Erra, a mountain in Switzerland
* Giancarlo Erra, founder of the Italian rock band Nosound
* Erra-Pater, an astrologer
* Erra (band), an American metalcore band
** Erra (album), their fifth studio album
* Erra (Kakatiya dynasty), a 10th century Indian ruler
ERRA may refer to:
* Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013
* Energy Regulators Regional Association
* Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority
# BELLA (laser)

The Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA) is a laser built by the Thales Group and owned and operated by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. On 20 July 2012, BELLA fired a 40 femtosecond laser pulse, establishing a world record for most powerful laser.
BELLA was designed and built by Thales as part of the Laser and Optical Accelerator Systems Integrated Studies (LOASIS) program at LBNL. The LOASIS group studies the application of high-powered lasers to build compact particle accelerators. The BELLA laser was developed for the purposes of studying this principle. The idea is that a laser which delivers a large amount of power in a very short pulse can cause ionization in a gas followed by plasma oscillation. As a result the gas will emit electron bundles which can be used for medical imaging or materials research.
On 20 July 2012, BELLA fired a laser pulse with a duration of 40 femtoseconds and a repetition frequency of 1 hertz. The pulses had a compressed output energy of 42.2 joule, making the power output of the laser 1 petawatt:
${42.2J \over 40fs}={42.2J \over 40*10^{-15}s}\approx 1*10^{15}J/s=1PW$
This result established BELLA as the highest peak power laser in the world (at a 1 Hz repetition rate).
In December, 2014, a team of researchers accelerated electrons using BELLA up to an energy of 4.25 GeV—the absolute highest energies recorded to date using a compact accelerator.
# BELNET

Belnet (the Belgian National research and education network) is a Belgian internet provider for educational institutions, research centres, scientific institutes and government services. Since 1993, BELNET provides web services to higher education, federal departments and ministries and international organisations.
Since 2001, Belnet provides IPv6 connectivity and multicast access to its customers.
One of Belnet's FTP servers is a mirror for holding several files related to the FOSS and GNU communities, as well as Linux distros such as Ubuntu, Debian, Gentoo, and Fedora.
Since 2004, Belnet is the operator of BEgrid, the Belgian research grid infrastructure, and since 2009 it is also the operator of the BEgrid Portal (based on P-GRADE Portal technology).
On 4 and 5 May 2021, Belnet was subject to a massive DDOS attack that disrupted the accessibility of websites using the .be domain, including those of the Belgian government, parliament, police, educational and research institutions, health care, and public broadcasters, forcing the postponement of parliamentary hearings relating to Uyghur genocide.
# Ersatz capitalism

Ersatz capitalism may refer to:
* Ersatz capitalism (Southeast Asia), an analysis by Kunio Yoshihara of the early rising economies of East Asia
* Lemon socialism, in the usage of Joseph Stiglitz
# Erschoffia

Erschoffia is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.
# Costișa

Costișa is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Costișa, Dornești, Frunzeni and Mănoaia.
# Francis Woodward

Francis Woodward may refer to:
* Francis Woodward (Australian politician) (1846–1905), New South Wales politician
* Francis H. Woodward (born 1939), Massachusetts politician
# Customer migration

In marketing, customer migration refers to the shifting of customers from one segment to the other. A Customer Segment or a group of individuals is formed that allows the company to identify and reach out to customers (current or potential) with similar needs and expectations from the product or service. This movement can be a result of any event or actions led by the company or the customer himself. The first can be a resultant of marketing campaigns, messages and targeting, while the second can occur if there is change in customer preferences, income, or as a response to the marketing campaign that may or may not have touched the target audience. In the fast-moving world today, one of the best ways to understand customer behavior is by analyzing the customer migration pattern. This phenomenon has prevailed within us over a long period of time, along with some steady buyers, there are customer who are always in motion.

## Reason to Study the Patterns

There are several migration patterns, it can a movement from economy class to business and to first class eventually. Also, with an initial purchase of a single product and later turning into a buyer of several different products. Learning and examination of the migration patterns can serve many tasks of the company, like customer loyalty and retention, brand loyalty, revenue and sales maximization and even the analysis of return on investment. These patterns can help evaluating different segments and the way to contact them effectively. With the promotion done to these segments on the basis of their shared characteristics, it is more likely for a product to showcase greater success rate.

## Measuring the Customer Migration

To measure and analyze the migration patterns, a number of approaches can be followed. It can start either by deciding segments and dividing the population in those buckets according to their behavior patterns at the beginning and end of the period to measure the displacement. Example: Loyalists, Under performs, Seasonal, Onetime and two-time buyers and Inactive buyers. Another approach is to form a group of people with shared interests and purchase patterns as one segment, and later analyze their movements and migration after the end of the period.
# Are You Ever Gonna Love Me

"'Are You Ever Gonna Love Me" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Holly Dunn. It was released in May 1989 as the first single from the album The Blue Rose of Texas. Written by Dunn, along with Tom Shapiro and her brother Chris Waters, the song was her first single released by Warner Bros. Records, to which she signed after her previous label, MTM Records, was disestablished.
In August 1989, "Are You Ever Gonna Love Me" became her first (of two) No. 1 songs on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. Its 14 weeks spent in the top 40 including a week at No. 1.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1989) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 6 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1989) | Position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 89 |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 20 |
# Arden McLean

Arden McLean is a politician from the Cayman Islands.

## Biography

After attending the Cayman Islands High School, McLean studied at the Seaman's Church Institute in New York.
McLean worked for 18 years at Caribbean Utilities in various capacities, including management. In 2000, he joined the Legislative Assembly and was the Minister of Communications, Works, and Infrastructure from 2005 to 2009. In 2019, McLean was appointed Leader of the Opposition by Governor Martyn Roper.
# Edward Hume (cricketer)

Edward Hume (25 September 1841 – 24 October 1921) was an English first-class cricketer.
The son of William Wheeler Hume, he was born in September 1841 at Scaldwell, Northamptonshire. He was educated at Marlborough College, where he was coached in cricket by Robert Carpenter.
Matriculating at Trinity College, Oxford in 1860, Hume graduated B.A. in 1863. While studying at Oxford, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Oxford in 1861. He played first-class cricket for Oxford until 1863, making six appearances and scoring 74 runs, with a high score of 21.
Then admitted to Lincoln's Inn, Hume was called to the bar in 1867. In the same year that he was called to the bar, he also made a first-class appearance for the MCC, against Oxford University at Lord's. Hume made a final first-class appearance in 1879 for the Gentlemen of England against the Gentlemen of Kent at Canterbury. He served on the committee of the MCC from 1881–85 and was an examiner of the High Court from 1884. Hume died at Totland Bay on the Isle of Wight in October 1921.
# Eighth Cambridge Survey

The 8C Survey (8C) or Rees 38 MHz survey is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources as measured at 38 MHz. It was published in 1990 by the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge. Sources are labelled 8C HHMM+DDd where HHMM is the Right Ascension in hours and minutes, and DDd is the Declination in degrees and tenths of a degree, e.g. 8C 0014+861 for a source at Right Ascension 00 14 and 86.1 degrees Declination in 1950 coordinates.
# Eighth Day (Hazel O'Connor song)

"Eighth Day" is a song by British singer-songwriter Hazel O'Connor, released in August 1980 as the second single from her debut and soundtrack album, Breaking Glass. It reached no. 5 on the UK Singles Charts, making it her first top-ten hit and her highest chart placing to date. The song was also certified silver in the UK by the BPI.
O'Connor wrote the song twelve hours before it was recorded as a parallel story of the Book of Genesis where Man made the Earth in his own image, and "having unleashed elements he cannot control, the Man-made Machine Monster takes over".

## Reception

Writing in Record Mirror, Simon Ludgate described the song as "the worst track from the album" with its release "something to do with a strong visual appeal because of the accompanying film clip". He said it "sounds like a latter-day 'Messiah'" and that "Monsters in Disguise" should have been released as a single instead. However, in the same magazine issue, reviewer Gill Pringle said "I'm impressed. Because I'm enjoying this record so much, I've suppressed the cringe that keeps welling up inside of me, everytime I think too hard about the modernistic touch of this record."

## Charts

| Chart (1980) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 78 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 7 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 5 |
# Egypt and the Non-Aligned Movement

Egypt was one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). The preparatory meeting for the First NAM Conference in Belgrade was held in Cairo between 5 and 12 June 1961. The first NAM conference was cosponsored between President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser and President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito who sent joint letter to other leaders during their bilateral meeting in Egypt. Cairo hosted the Second Conference in October 1964 attended by forty-seven countries while Egyptian Red Sea resort Sharm el-Sheikh hosted the Fifteenth Conference in 2009. At the time of the Sharm el-Sheikh Conference 118 countries participated in the activities of the movement with some other countries having the observer status. 55 heads of state attended the 2009 conference. Official Egyptian state institutions view the movement as the broadest and the most important framework for developing countries to coordinate their stances on issues on the agenda of the United Nations and to act together against unilateral policies.

## History

President Gamal Abdel Nasser, together with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Sukarno of Indonesia played the leading role in the early days of the movement. Following the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and president Nasser's charismatic authority in other Arab countries other countries in the Arab world followed Egyptian lead in joining the Non-Aligned Movement.
After the Camp David Accords some Arab countries and Cuba strongly criticized Egypt with Iraqi representatives calling for suspension of Egypt's membership in the NAM. This initiative was opposed by India and Yugoslavia as a matter of principle with Yugoslavia underlining its dissatisfaction with Egyptian failure to ensure earlier Arab common stance for the Camp David negotiations.
# Eilema usuguronis

Eilema usuguronis is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It is found in Taiwan.
# Wolf River (Yukon)

The Wolf River (Tlingit: Ghùch Hîni) is a river in Yukon, Canada. It is in the Bering Sea drainage basin and is a left tributary of the Nisutlin River.
The river begins at a Wolf Lake, flows west and takes in its right tributary the Red River, then turns southwest and heads to its mouth at the Nisutlin River. The Nisutlin River empties via Teslin Lake, the Teslin River and the Yukon River to the Bering Sea.

## Tributaries

* Caribou Creek (left)
* English Creek (left)
* Red River (right)
# Wojewoda (film)

Wojewoda is a Polish silent historical film. It was released in 1912.
# Wonder Boy III

Wonder Boy III can refer to:
* Wonder Boy III: The Dragon's Trap, originally released for the Master System in 1989.
* Wonder Boy III: Monster Lair, originally released as an arcade game in 1988.
# Arichat, Nova Scotia

Arichat is an unincorporated place in the Municipality of the County of Richmond, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is the main village on Isle Madame on the southeastern tip of Cape Breton Island.

## Toponym

The name derives from a Mi'kmaq word meaning camping ground, or worn rocks.

## History

Arichat has a deep and protected natural harbour which made it an important fishing and shipbuilding centre in the 1800s.
Jerseyman Island, which protects the harbour, was visited by Europeans fishermen as early as the 1500s.
The village was sacked by John Paul Jones during the American Revolutionary War, after which two cannons were installed above the village.
The LeNoir Forge was an important boat building site and is now a museum.
The first classes of St. Francis Xavier University began at Arichat in 1853, later moving to Antigonish.
The Catholic Cathedral of Notre Dame de l'Assomption was constructed in 1835, having since been rebuilt. It is the oldest surviving Roman Catholic Church in Nova Scotia.
St. John's Anglican Church was built in 1828, destroyed by fire and rebuilt in 1895. Considered to be the second oldest Anglican congregation in Cape Breton, the Church is noted for its amazing acoustic properties, a signature of its architect.
Lighthouses were built in the 1850s, since replaced with replicas in 2017-2018.
In 1970, SS Arrow struck Cerberus Rock, releasing over 10,000 tons of oil, devastating the fishing industry. It is now a popular dive site.

## Gallery

* Arichat seen from Cannon Look-Off.
* Lighthouse of Marche Point, standing at the edge of Cap Auguet
* St John's Anglican Church, the second building, completed in 1895 and designed by William Harris.
* Notre Dame de L'Assumption