OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ligulf

Ligulf (sometimes Liulf or Ligulf of Lumley; died 1080) was an Anglo-Danish nobleman with landholdings in the north of England.
Ligulf was married to Ealdgyth, the daughter of Ealdred the earl of Northumbria. Ligulf's mother was a descendant of the earls of Bernicia. Ligulf was noted for his devotion to Saint Cuthbert.
After the death of Waltheof in 1076, Ligulf was one of the last remaining noblemen in the north with ties to the house of Bamburgh, and he became one of the main advisors to Walcher, the Bishop of Durham. Two of Walcher's other advisors, Leobwin and Gilbert were opposed to Ligulf's advice. According to John of Worcester, Leobwin took offence at the manner in which Ligulf replied to Leobwin's opposition to Ligulf's advice to the bishop. In April or May 1080 they attacked Ligulf's house in the middle of the night and killed most of the household, including Ligulf. The two men were aided by the bishop's own knights, although it is not clear if Walcher was involved in the plot or not.
Ealdgyth survived Ligulf's death, as Walcher offered her a gift of land to settle the feud. Walcher met Ligulf's surviving family, led by Eadulf Rus at Gateshead on 14 May 1080, and attempted to persuade them that the bishop had not been involved in the murder. Walcher as both Bishop of Durham and Earl of Northumbria (a position he purchased) was duty bound to protect its people and prosecute crimes. Ligulf's family did not believe the bishop's protests of innocence, especially since Ligulf's murderers, Leobwin and Gilbert, were among Walcher's party. The Northumbrians presented Walcher with a petition of wrongs committed, which Walcher rejected. This enraged the Northumbrians, who then attacked Walcher and his supporters. Walcher and his men sought refuge in a nearby church which was then set afire. Walcher was killed as he fled the burning church, Ligulf's murderers burned to death in the church as did many of Walcher's other men.
Ligulf and Ealdgyth had two sons – Morcar and Uhtred. Morcar became a monk at Jarrow. Uhtred may be the same as the Uhtred recorded in Domesday Book holding a manor at Rudston in Yorkshire as a tenant-in-chief of the king. Ligulf may also have had a daughter named Ragnald, as a "Ragnald, daughter of Ligulf" is recorded as granting lands to Fountains Abbey in the 1130s. She was married to Robert de Sarz.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aird "Ligulf" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
* ↑ Stenton Anglo-Saxon England p. 613
* 1 2 Hagger William pp. 157–158
* ↑ Douglas William the Conqueror p. 240
# Frederick Strouts

Frederick Strouts (1834 – 18 December 1919) was a notable New Zealand architect. He was born in Hothfield, Kent, England in 1834. He arrived in Lyttelton in 1859 and lived in Christchurch. Notable buildings include Ivey Hall at Lincoln University, the Canterbury Club building, the Lyttelton Harbour Board building, the Rhodes Convalescent Home in Cashmere, Strowan House (now part of St Andrew's College), and Otahuna homestead on Banks Peninsula. He was supervising architect at the Church of St Michael and All Angels in Christchurch. Strouts took on Cecil Wood in 1893 when Wood was 15 years of age.
# Frederick Stuart

Frederick Stuart may refer to:
* Frederick Stuart (British politician) (1751–1802), MP for Ayr Burghs and Buteshire
* Frederick Stuart (Australian politician) (1879–1954), Australian member of New South Wales Legislative Assembly
* Freddie Stuart, English actor in the 2002 Spooks episode "Traitor's Gate"
# Limestone, Carleton County, New Brunswick

Limestone is a community in Carleton County, New Brunswick, Canada, near Route 540.

## History

When it was founded in 1834, the community was known as Ivey Corner in honour of two of the first individuals to arrive.
# Lima Consensus (conference)

The Lima Consensus consists of the regional contributions adopted during the eighth Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean, during the special session of the General Assembly entitled 'Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the Twenty-first Century'. The Conference was held in Lima, Peru, from 8 to 10 February 2000.
# Lima, Argentina

Lima is a town in Zárate Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina with a population of 8,375 (2001 census [INDEC]).
* This article about a place in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Blue Boy (song)

"Blue Boy" is a song written by Boudleaux Bryant, sung by Jim Reeves, and released on the RCA Victor label. In July 1958, it peaked at No. 2 on Billboard's country and western jockey chart. It spent 22 weeks on the charts and was also ranked No. 10 on Billboard's 1958 year-end country and western chart. On the Hot 100, "Blue Boy" peaked at No. 45.
The song was originally recorded by Anita Carter as "Blue Doll" b/w "Go Away Johnnie" on Cadence 1333, released August, 1957. The single did not chart.
The song has been included on multiple compilation albums, including He'll Have to Go & Other Hits (1960), The Best of Jim Reeves (1964), The Unforgettable Jim Reeves (1976), Country U.S.A.: 1958 (1989), and The Essential Jim Reeves (1995).
# Freedom (Isley Brothers song)

"Freedom" is a 1970 R&B / funk song released by the Isley Brothers on their T-Neck imprint. The song was written and produced by O'Kelly Isley, Ronald Isley, and Rudolph Isley.

## Chart performance

The song was issued on their 1970 album, Get into Something, and was one of six R&B charting hits the group scored from the album, peaking at number 11. On the pop chart, it reached number 72.
# Linda McCartney's Sixties

Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era (published on 13 October 1992) is a book by Linda McCartney which presents a number of selected photographic portraits of rock legends. Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era continues to be the most famous work by McCartney. The text was written from interviews with Linda by Steve Turner who would go on to write 'A Hard Day's Write: The Stories Behind Every Beatles' Song' and 'The Gospel According to the Beatles.'
Portrait of an Era is the first museum show of her work in the United States since her death in April 1998. It is a selection of 50 photographs of some of the greatest names in the world of rock music captured in black and white on exquisite platinum prints and silvertone, and in color. Among the bands and musicians portrayed are those that have become icons of late-twentieth-century popular music: Jimi Hendrix, Aretha Franklin, the Rolling Stones, the Who, Paul McCartney, John Lennon, B. B. King, Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin, Ray Charles, The Beatles, the Grateful Dead and Otis Redding.
"My big break was in June 1966 with the Rolling Stones. This was a session which came about more or less by accident, as did so many good things at that time." Linda McCartney
This is how Linda McCartney begins her book Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era. It was also the beginning of her photographic career, which was to span more than three decades. During that time she not only widened her view from the world of Sixties rock music to include landscapes, still lifes and portraits of everyday life as she encountered it, she also developed her technical skills, not just in taking the picture but also in developing it. Her experiments with making sun prints, a photographic developing process dating back to the early years of photography in the Nineteenth century, earned her the distinction of having her work exhibited at the Royal Photographic Society in Bath, England.
The book was published in Japan as シックスティーズ : 伝說のロック・アーティスト (‘The Sixties: Legendary Rock Stars’).
# Freetown, Indiana

Freetown is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Pershing Township, Jackson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 385.

## History

Freetown was platted in 1850. A post office was established at Freetown in 1850.
The Frank Wheeler Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

## Geography

Freetown is located in northwestern Jackson County and is bordered to the west by Hoosier National Forest. Indiana State Road 135 passes through the west side of the community, leading north 18 miles (29 km) to Gnaw Bone and south 11 miles (18 km) to Brownstown, the Jackson county seat. State Road 58 passes through the west and north sides of the community, leading northeast 23 miles (37 km) to Columbus and southwest 27 miles (43 km) to Bedford.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Freetown CDP has a total area of 0.73 square miles (1.88 km$^2$), of which 1.9 acres (7,820 m$^2$), or 0.42%, are water.
# Fred Stillkrauth

Fred Stillkrauth (1939 – 7 August 2020) was a German actor, perhaps best known for his work in Sam Peckinpah's Cross of Iron.
Fred Stillkrauth was born in 1939 in Munich, Germany, and died on 7 August 2020.

## Filmography

Stillkrauth played roles, mostly supporting roles, in films and television series, including:
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1971 | Jaider, der einsame Jäger | Petrus | |
| 1973 | Yankee Dudler | Petrus Kapuszka | |
| 1975 | Champagner aus dem Knobelbecher | Anderl | |
| 1975 | Hugs and Other Things [de] | Sebastian | |
| 1977 | Cross of Iron | Unteroffizier (Cpl.) Schnurrbart ('Private Mustache') | |
| 1979 | Zwei Däninnen in Lederhosen | Sepp Eber | |
| 1979 | Zum Gasthof der spritzigen Mädchen | Wachtmeister Lippel | |
| 1980 | Der Kurpfuscher und seine fixen Töchter | Adolf Schober | |
| 1980 | Three Lederhosen in St. Tropez | Korbinian Zangerl | |
| 1987 | Hatschipuh | Hatschipuh | Voice |
| 1989 | Löwengrube – Die Grandauers und ihre Zeit | Lederer | TV series |
| 1990 | The Nasty Girl | Sonja's uncle | |
| 1991 | Wildfire [de] | Einarmiger Bauer | |
| 2006 | Wie Licht schmeckt | Opa | |
| 2011 | Resturlaub [de] | Seppelpeter | |
| 2012 | Omamamia [de] | Alois | |
| 2015 | Lena Lorenz | Leopold Lorenz | TV series |
# Bohemian Crusade (1340)

Bohemian Crusade of 1340 was a military expedition against heretics in Bohemia.
Around 1340, most heretics in Bohemia were Germans, either Waldensians or Beguines and Beghards. They were accused of theft and violence against orthodox Christians. In 1335, Pope Benedict XII appointed Gallus de Novo Castro as inquisitor for the region around Prague with the goal of converting heretics. Although he made some success, he met substantial resistance. In 1339, he travelled to Avignon to confer with Benedict on future action, bringing with him Ulrich (Oldřich) III, lord of Hradec.
While Gallus and Ulrich were in Avignon, some converted heretics relapsed, plundered church property and burnt Ulrich's castle along with several villages under his jurisdiction. The lord of Hradec promptly asked the pope to authorize him to lead a crusade against the heretics. In a bull dated 6 March 1340, Benedict XII formally granted the same indulgence to those who took part in Ulrich's punitive expedition as they would obtain pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The expedition took place, but no details of operations are known. Gallus's inquisition was also prosecuted with increased tenacity, so that Benedict wrote to Ulrich on 13 September 1341 requesting him to make available his jails for those arrested by Gallus.
The anti-heretic crusade was not the only one preached in Bohemia in 1340. In light of the Tatar invasion of Poland, it was also rumoured that the Tatars intended to attack Bohemia. Benedict XII, responding to a request from King Casimir III of Poland, ordered the crusade preached in Bohemia. According to Galvano Fiamma, King John the Blind of Bohemia joined the defence of Poland.
# Bolesław Skarżyński

Bolesław Skarżyński (Polish pronunciation:; 31 March 1901, in Warsaw – 17 March 1963, in Kraków) was a renowned Polish biochemist.
# Boil (disambiguation)

A boil is a localized accumulation of pus in the skin, resulting from infection of the hair follicle.
Boil or The Boil or The Boils may also refer to:

## Music

* Boil (album), a 1996 album by Foetus
* The Boils, an American band

## Places

* Boil, Bulgaria
* The Boil, a snow eminence on Reeves Neve, Victoria Land, New Zealand

## Other uses

* Boiling, bringing a liquid to its boiling point
* Shuizhu, a Sichuan Chinese dish also known as "water cooked" or "boil cuisine"
# Lindauer and Rupert Block

The Lindauer and Rupert Block is located in Kaukauna, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for its significance in commerce and architecture.
# Line Lexington, Pennsylvania

Line Lexington is an unincorporated community located in the Delaware Valley on Route 309 in Bucks and Montgomery counties in Pennsylvania, United States. It is split between the Bucks County townships of Hilltown and New Britain and the Montgomery County township of Hatfield. The Montgomery County portion of the village is in the North Penn School District and is part of the North Penn Valley region that is centered on the borough of Lansdale. The Bucks County portion is also served by the North Penn School District. While it has its own post office with the ZIP code of 18932, portions use the Colmar ZIP code of 18915, the Chalfont ZIP code of 18914 or the Hatfield ZIP code of 19440. It is served by SEPTA Suburban Bus Route 132 and the nearest SEPTA Regional Rail stations are nearby in Colmar and Chalfont on the Lansdale/Doylestown Line. The Line Lexington telephone exchange uses area code 215.
# Limobius borealis

Limobius borealis is a species of beetle belonging to the family Curculionidae.
It is native to Europe.
# Lindenwold (disambiguation)

Lindenwold may refer to:
* Lindenwold, New Jersey
* Lindenwold High School
* Lindenwold Public Schools
* Lindenwold station
* Lindenwold estate
* Lindenwold (Morristown, New Jersey), listed on the NRHP in Morris County, New Jersey
# French brig Palinure (1804)

Palinure was the nameship for the Palinure-class of 16-gun brigs of the French Navy, and was launched in 1804. In French service she captured Carnation before Circe captured her in turn. After being taken into the Royal Navy as HMS Snap, she participated in two campaigns that qualified her crew for the Naval General Service Medal (NGSM). She was broken up in 1811.

## French service

Palinure was commissioned on 20 May 1804 under capitaine de frégate Jance. On 1 February 1805 she sailed with dispatches to Martinique.
She then took part in Allemand's expedition of 1805.
On the morning of 22 April 1808 in Grande Bourg Bay at Marie Galante, Palinure and Pilade encountered Goree, under Commander Joseph Spear. In the resulting engagement Goree lost one man killed and four wounded; the French lost eight killed and 21 wounded. After about an hour Palinure and Pilade made off when they saw the schooner HMS Superieure coming to Goree's assistance, followed a little while later by the frigate HMS Circe and the brig-sloop HMS Wolverine. Superieure exchanged some shots with the French brigs but the other two British vessels arrived too late actually to engage.
On 3 October 1808, Palinure captured the 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop Carnation. Carnation's capture was due in part to the cowardice of a large part of her crew after the loss of her captain and heavy casualties. The British later recovered and burnt Carnation during their invasion of Martinique.

## Capture

On 31 October, Circe captured Palinure at Diamond Rock off Fort de France. Palinure, under the command of M. Fourniers, tried to take shelter under the guns of a battery on Pointe Solomon, but the battery was so high above the vessels that Circe did not fire at it as she came up. After a short engagement Palinure struck. She had lost seven men killed and eight wounded out of 79 men on board, most from the 83rd Regiment; Circe lost one man killed and one man wounded.

## British service

On 13 November Palinure was commissioned at Antigua as HMS Snap under Commander James Pattison Stewart, who transferred from Port d'Espagne.
Snap took part in the British capture of the French and Dutch West Indies, including the capture of Martinique in February 1809. In 1847 the Admiralty authorized the issue of the NGSM with the clasp "Martinique" to all remaining survivors of that campaign.
In August 1809, Commander Thomas Barclay took command of Snap, after having briefly commanded Epervier. In 1810 she was part of the force under Brigadier Harcourt that took the Dutch colony of Sint Maarten. There she provided cover for the troops landing at Little Cool Bay to encourage the Dutch governor to surrender his part of the island. Her participation in the campaigns would qualify her crew for the NGSM with the clasp "Guadaloupe".
Captain Frasier Douglas replaced Barclay, and was in turn replaced by Captain Robert Lisle Coulson.

## Fate

Snap arrived in Portsmouth on 20 January 1811 and was paid off on 15 February. She was broken up in June at Sheerness.
# Frederick Jarvis

Sergeant Frederick Jarvis (1841 – April 8, 1894) was an American soldier in the United States Army who served with the 1st U.S. Cavalry regiment during the Apache Wars. He was one of thirty-two men received the Medal of Honor for gallantry fighting Cochise and the Apache Indians in the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona, known as the "Campaign of the Rocky Mesa", on October 20, 1869.

## Biography

Frederick Jarvis was born in Essex County, New York in 1841. He enlisted in the United States Army in Hudson, Michigan and was assigned to 1st U.S. Cavalry regiment and later took part in the Apache Wars during the late 1860s. Jarvis was among the cavalry troopers who pursued an Apache raiding party that had massacred a stage coach en route to Tucson and attacked a group of cowboys in the Sulphur Springs Valley. A small detachment under Lieutenant William H. Winters left Fort Bowie on October 8, later joined on the trail by Captain Reuben F. Bernard, and followed the Apaches to the Chiricahua Mountains stronghold of Cochise, between Red Rock Mountain and Turtle Mountain, where they encountered them on October 20, 1869. Jarvis was one of thirty-two soldiers of the 1st and 8th U.S. Cavalry regiment cited for "gallantry in action", in what would become known as the "Campaign of the Rocky Mesa", and received the Medal of Honor on February 14, 1870. Jarvis died in Salt Lake City, Utah on April 8, 1894, and interred in the Salt Lake City Cemetery. He is one of eight Utah MOH recipients and one of three buried in the state.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company G, 1st U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Chiricahua Mountains, Ariz., 20 October 1869. Entered service at: ------. Birth: Essex County, N.Y. Date of issue: 14 February 1870.
Citation:
   Gallantry in action.
# Lin Shangyang

Lin Shangyang (Chinese: 林尚扬; 16 March 1932 – 20 July 2024) was a Chinese welding engineer, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

## Biography

Lin was born in Siming County (now Xiamen), Fujian, on 16 March 1932. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in June 1951, and served until June 1955. In September 1956, he was accepted to Harbin Institute of Technology, where he majored in welding process and equipment.
After graduation in 1961, Lin was despatched to the Institute of New Technical Physics, Heilongjiang Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In January 1978, he moved to Harbin Welding Institute, where he was promoted to deputy chief engineer in January 1982 and director of the Technical Committee in January 1995. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in March 1981.
On 20 July 2024, Lin died in Suzhou, Jiangsu, at the age of 92.

## Honours and awards

* 1980 State Technological Invention Award (Third Class)
* 1990 State Technological Invention Award (Third Class)
* 1992 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class)
* 1995 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Third Class)
* May 1995 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
# Lin Shaohua

Lin Shaohua (simplified Chinese: 林少华; traditional Chinese: 林少華; pinyin: Lín Shàohuá; born 1952) is a Chinese translator and author. He is a translator in China who translated the works of Haruki Murakami's into Chinese language.

## Biography

Lin was born in Jiutai, Jilin, with his ancestral home in Penglai, Shandong. After meddle school, he worked in the countryside as a farmer before the Cultural Revolution. He received his MA degree from Jilin University in 1982, majoring in Japanese language.
From 1982 to 1993, Lin taught Japanese language in Jinan University with his wife, and during 1993 to 1996, Lin taught in Nagasaki Prefectural University. In 1999, Lin was transferred from Xiamen to Qingdao where he was appointed as a professor.

## Works
### Translations

* Hear the Wind Sing (且听风吟)
* Pinball, 1973 (一九七三年的弹子球)
* A Wild Sheep Chase (寻羊冒险记)
* Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World (世界尽头与冷酷仙境)
* Norwegian Wood (挪威的森林)
* Dance Dance Dance (舞舞舞)
* South of the Border, West of the Sun (国境以南，太阳以西)
* The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (奇鸟行状录)
* Sputnik Sweetheart (斯普特尼克恋人)
* Kafka on the Shore (海边的卡夫卡)
* After Dark (天黑以后)
* A Slow Boat to China (去中国的小船)
* Firefly (萤)
* The Elephant Vanishes (象厂喜剧)
* The Silence (沉默)
* Kokoro (Natsume Sōseki) (心)
* Rashomon (Ryunosuke Akutagawa) 罗生门)
* The Temple of the Golden Pavilion (Yukio Mishima) (金阁寺)
* The Sound of Waves (Yukio Mishima) (潮骚)
* The Decay of the Angel (Yukio Mishima) (天人五衰)
* The Road of (Kaii Higashiyama) (唐招提寺之路)
* Socrates in Love (Kyoichi Katayama) (片山恭一·在世界中心呼唤爱)
* The Dancing Girl of Izu (Yasunari Kawabata) (伊豆的舞女)
* Snow Country (Yasunari Kawabata) (雪国)

### Proses

* The Beauty of the Fallen Flowers (落花之美)
* Nostalgia and Conscience (乡愁与良知)
# Bon Voyage (The Little Heroes song)

"Bon Voyage" is a song written by Roger Hart-Wells and recorded by Australian band Little Heroes. The song was released in November 1983 as the second single from the band's third studio album, Watch the World (1983). The single peaked on the Australian Kent Music Report at #51.

## Track listings

7" Single (EMI-1135)
* Side A "Bon Voyage" - 3:37
* Side B "Let It Go" - 4:12

## Charts

| Chart (1983/84) | Peak position |
| Australian Kent Music Report | 51 |
# Lineodes metagrammalis

Lineodes metagrammalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1890. It is found in Puerto Rico.
# Devarbhavi

Devarbhavi is a village in Kumta Taluka. It is next to Torke village.

## Temples

* Kengal Parameshwari Temple, Devarbhavi
* Kengal Parameshwari temple, Devarbhavi
# Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Yau Tze Tin Memorial College

Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Yau Tze Tin Memorial College (Chinese: 東華三院邱子田紀念中學) is an aided secondary school in Hong Kong. Fully subsidized by Government of Hong Kong, the day school is located in Siu Hong Court, Tuen Mun, New Territories. The grammar school is the tenth secondary school established by Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, the oldest and largest charitable organization of Hong Kong, in 1982.
# Dark When the Snow Falls

dark when the snow falls is the first album released from the band emmet swimming. The Washington Area Music Association awarded the album Best Debut Recording in 1993. The song "misgiven" was included on the Xemu Records compilation Music from the Motion Picture "Crimson Lights"

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Todd Watts; all music is composed by emmet swimming

## Awards

| Year | Ceremony | Award | Result |
| 1993 | Washington Area Music Awards | Debut Recording | Won |

## Personnel

* Todd Watts - Vocals, Guitar
* Erik Wenberg - Guitar, backing vocals
* James McNabb - Bass
* Tamer Eid - Drums
* Marco Delmar - Engineer
* David Amoroso - Cover Art
# Tom Brennan (civil servant)

Tom Brennan (June 4, 1928 – January 25, 2013) was an Oklahoma Secretary of Administration and Director of Purchasing in the Cabinet of Governor Frank Keating. Prior to this, he had worked as an engineer for General Electric, Vice President of Engineering for Warner Electric Brake and Clutch, and as President and CEO for Oil Dynamics, Inc.
Political offices :
| Preceded by- | Oklahoma Secretary of Administration Under Governor Frank Keating 1995-1997 | Succeeded byPam Warren |