OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Tommasina

Thomas Tommasina (1855 – 29 January 1935) was an artist turned physicist who worked on atmospheric ionization and gravitational theories mainly after moving to Switzerland. An experimenter as well as a theoretician, he invented a radio-receiver-like device while studying ionospheric disturbances in the upper atmosphere and used it in long-range weather prediction.

## Early life

Tommasina was born in the town of Intra (today part of Verbania) on the shores of Lake Maggiore in the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, then part of the Austrian Empire. In his early years, he admired the Italian school of painting, particularly that of Leonardo da Vinci.

## Education

Tommasina studied art. In 1885 he became inspired by the works of Alessandro Volta, took an interest in physics, and went to Geneva to study under Charles Soret. Here he worked on the physics behind the hardness of solids. Following the works of Julius Elster and Hans Friedrich Geitel he joined Édouard Sarasin in studies on the ionization of air and related phenomena. He was a doctor of science and member of the National Institute of Geneva from 1902.

## Career

Tommasina wrote a book on the "physics of gravitation and dynamic of the Universe" ("La Physique de la Gravitation et la Dynamique de l'Univers") in 1927. He also worked on the orbits of comets during this period. His work on gravity using wave models was founded on the idea of ether. He also wrote an introduction to a French translation of a book by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1907 - "La place de l'homme dans l'univers : études sur les résultats des recherches scientifiques, sur l'unité et la pluralité des mondes".
Tommasina invented a telephonic receiver system which he adapted as a weather forecasting system in 1901. Called the "Electro-radiophone" it picked up electric discharges in the atmosphere and transmitted them over wires to where it could be heard in the form of sound. The receiver made use of the Branly effect. It may have been one of the earliest ideas on using wireless telegraphy in meteorology. Tommasina's device had also been of interest to Guglielmo Marconi. When Marconi claimed a patent there were several counter-claims and it was suggested that the true inventor of the so-called "mercury-coherer" used in the first transatlantic telegraphy was Tommasina. Tommasina did not however use it for the purpose of wireless-telegraphy nor did he claim to be its inventor.

## Personal life

On 29 January 1935, Tommasina died at his villa in Champel, Geneva, Switzerland.
# Beka, Cameroon

Beka is a town and commune in Cameroon.
# Baculentulus morikawai

Baculentulus morikawai is a species of proturan in the family Acerentomidae. It is found in Africa and Southern Asia.
# Hieracium crepidispermum

Hieracium crepidispermum is a North American plant species in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Mexico and found also in the US states of Arizona and New Mexico.
Hieracium crepidispermum is an herb up to 100 cm (39 in) tall, with leaves mostly in a rosette at the bottom. Leaves are up to 85 mm (3.3 in) long, sometimes with small teeth on the edges. One stalk will produce 8-25 flower heads in a flat-topped array. Each head has 25–40 white or pale yellow ray flowers but no disc flowers.
# Elizabeth Bellamy (missionary)

Elizabeth Bellamy (19 March 1845 – 18 August 1940) was an English Anglican missionary and teacher who served in Beirut. She was born in Birmingham, Birmingham, England on 19 March 1845. After her missionary labours, she moved to Dunedin, New Zealand.
# Armstrong Peak

Armstrong Peak is a peak, 1,470 metres (4,820 ft) high, standing 15 nautical miles (28 km) southeast of Mount Codrington in Enderby Land of East Antarctica.

## Discovery and naming

Armstrong Peak was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and named "Austnuten" (the east peak). The peak was re-photographed by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) in 1956. An astrofix was obtained nearby in December 1959 by J.C. Armstrong, ANARE surveyor at Mawson Station, for whom the feature was renamed by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia in 1960.
# Ames Township, Ohio

Ames Township is one of the fourteen townships of Athens County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 1,237 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Homer Township, Morgan County - north
* Marion Township, Morgan County - northeast corner
* Bern Township - east
* Rome Township - southeast corner
* Canaan Township - south
* Athens Township - southwest corner
* Dover Township - west
* Trimble Township - northwest corner
The village of Amesville is located in eastern Ames Township.

## Name and history

Ames Township was organized in 1802.
It is the only Ames Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# Pazinotus bodarti

Pazinotus bodarti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
# Chapel of St Paul the Hermit, Wied il-Għasel

The Chapel of St. Paul the Hermit is a small church located in a cave in Wied il-Għasel, in Mosta, Malta.

## History

There are legends surrounding the beginnings of this chapel. However, facts show that inquisitor Pietro Dusina visited the chapel in 1575 during his apostolic visit to Malta. He mentions that the chapel has a wooden door, something uncommon in those days, and an altar. However, there was no rector and no liturgical vestments or objects. The bishop also wrote that a certain Paolo Cumbo paid for the feast of the saint to be celebrated every year. This chapel is also mentioned in the first history book of Malta written by Giovanni Francesco Abela in 1647 describing some paintings that were in the chapel. In 1656, Ġan Pawl Mangion, a local from Mosta, brought a painting of the Virgin Mary and placed it in the cave. Bishop Balaguer of Malta gave permission for Mangion to rebuild the chapel and an altar around the painting in the cave. The chapel is also mentioned in 1676, when a certain Don Ortensio Bennini celebrated mass and preached in the chapel on its feast day.
In time, the chapel was abandoned. It was only in 1920 that Archbishop Mauro Caruana appointed Rev. Karm Gauci to care for the chapel. Consequently, the chapel was restored and a belfry built. However, due to a blockage to the road which led to the chapel, people no longer went into the valley and the chapel was once again abandoned. The chapel was also vandalised numerous times. As a result, Archbishop Mikiel Gonzi deconsecrated the chapel. However, recently, the chapel was restored back to its original state.

## Interior

The chapel has an altar and a painting depicting St Paul the Hermit and St Anthony of Egypt. The painting is only a copy of the original, stolen in 1988, but found some time later. Today, it can be found in the Parish church of Mosta. In a small cave accessible from the chapel, there is an altar with a painting depicting the Virgin Mary.
# Fire Station Junction

Fire Station Junction is one of the busiest chowks (roundabout / traffic circle) and a prominent landmark located on Grand National Trunk road in the Indian City of Eluru, Andhra Pradesh. Two Major Arterial roads Grand National Trunk road and Sanivarapupeta road intersect at this junction.

## Traffic

Fire Station Junction is one of the Busiest Junctions in Eluru. Sanivarapupeta road intersects with Grand National Trunk road at this Junction.
# Charles Ross (British Army officer, born 1667)

Charles Ross (or Rosse; 8 February 1667 – 5 August 1732) was a Scottish general and Member of Parliament.

## Military career

Ross was born the second son of George Ross, 11th Lord Ross. He joined the British army as a cornet in the King's Own Royal Regiment of Scottish Horse some time before 1688. When Wynne's Regiment of Inniskilling Dragoons was raised in 1689, Ross joined as a captain, and served with the regiment in the Williamite War in Ireland. He went to Flanders with the regiment as lieutenant-colonel in 1694, and was appointed brevet colonel of the regiment on 16 February; when Wynne died on 15 July 1695 his colonelcy was made permanent. In 1704 he secured the title of the Royal Dragoons of Ireland for his regiment.
Ross was promoted brigadier-general on 9 March 1702, and major-general on 1 January 1704. He commanded a brigade of dragoons at the battles of Blenheim, Ramillies, Oudenarde and Malplaquet. He was further promoted to lieutenant-general on 1 January 1707, made Colonel-General of all the Dragoon Forces on 1 May 1711, and promoted to full general on 1 January 1712. He was removed from the colonelcy of the Royal Dragoons of Ireland by George I on 8 October 1715, but reappointed on 1 February 1729, holding the post until his death.

## Political career

General Ross was Member of Parliament for Ross-shire from 1710 to 1722 and from 1727 to 1732. In September 1713 he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary to France, but did not take up the post.

## Death

He died at Bath on 5 August 1732 and was buried at Fearn Abbey, leaving his estate of Balnagown, which he had inherited from David Ross, the 13th Laird of Balnagown, in 1711, to his great-nephew Charles Ross.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 Dalton, The Blenheim Roll, p. 4.
# Esther Wanjiru

Esther Wanjiru Maina (born March 27, 1977) is a retired female long-distance runner from Kenya.
She is from Kahuhia, Murang'a District.
On January 15, 1999 she finished second at a half marathon race in Tokyo. The race was won by Elana Meyer, who set a world record, while Wanjiru scored did also beat the previous world record by timing 1:06:49
She won the Sendai Half Marathon in 1998 and 1999, and finished second in 2000.
She finished third at the 2000 Osaka Ladies Marathon, setting her personal best of 2:23:31 hours.
Wanjiru became the first Kenyan woman to win Commonwealth Games gold medal, although Jackline Maranga won 1500 metres later at the same games.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Kenya ||||||
| 1998 | Commonwealth Games | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 1st | 10,000 metres | |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 11th | Marathon | 2:29:36 |
| 2000 | Osaka Ladies Marathon | Osaka, Japan | 3rd | Marathon | 2:23:31 |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 4th | Marathon | 2:26:17 |
She also competed in the marathon at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester. She pulled out of the race whilst leading.

## Trivia

* Wanjiru made a cameo in the 2000 Japanese movie "Pinch Runner" as herself.
# Hieracium coniops

Hieracium coniops is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Asteraceae.
Its native range is Northern and Northeastern Europe.
# XHLD-FM

XHLD-FM is a radio station on 103.9 FM in Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco. It is known as Radio Costa.

## History

XELD-AM received its concession (a broadcast license) on October 22, 1962. It was owned by Ernesto Medina Lima and broadcast on 1240 kHz with 1,000 watts day and 100 night. In 1972, it was transferred to XELD Radio Autlán.
In the 1980s, XELD moved to 780 kHz with 5,000 watts.
XELD was authorized for AM-FM migration in 2012.
# XHDT-FM

XHDT-FM is a radio station on 98.3 FM in Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua. The station is owned by GRD Multimedia and carries a pop format known as Like 98.3 FM.

## History

XHDT began as XEDT-AM 1080, receiving its concession on March 27, 1989. It was owned by Raúl Mendoza Villalba. On August 30, 2005, XEDT was authorized to move to 900 and increase its power from 1 to 5 kW.
XEDT was authorized to move to FM in 2011. In July 2017, it dropped the Hits name and Multimedios Radio logo, likely in preparation for MM Radio to launch its own Hits FM station in the market.
# Ashanti flag

The Ashanti flag is the flag of the Ashanti people. It depicts the Golden Stool (Ashanti: Sika' dwa), the throne of the Asantehene.

## History

In the early 1950s, the Ashanti flag was green, gold and black, with a cocoa pod and a porcupine on it. In 1956, the National Liberation Movement proposed a yellow flag with a black, white and green tricolour canton as the flag of an autonomous Ashanti kingdom.

## Symbolism

The Ashanti flag has three horizontal stripes: gold for mineral wealth, black for the Ashanti people, and green for the forests.
The emblem in the centre is the Golden Stool, a symbol of national unity and royal authority since the 18th century. According to legend, the Stool descended from heaven in a cloud of white dust and landed in the lap of the first Ashanti Emperor Osei Tutu I. It is said to possess the sunsum (soul) of the Ashanti people.
A different version of the flag shows the gyemirekutu kyɛ, a hat made up of multiple different animal parts.
# Arthur Van Vlissingen

Arthur Van Vlissingen Jr. (November 22, 1894 - October 20, 1986) was an American writer and bureau chief for Business Week and Newsweek, noted as editor of the Factory and Industrial Management journal.

## Life and work

Van Vlissingen was born in Chicago to Arthur H. Van Vlissingen, who was a prominent developer and commercial real estate broker in Chicago. After obtaining an engineering degree at the Northwestern University, and joined the US Navy to serve in World War I.
After graduation he joined the McGraw-Hill Publishing company as Assistant editor and later editor for the Factory and Industrial Management journal. He continued to edited the magazine in the 1930s when it was renamed Factory Management and Maintenance. In 1927 Van Vlissingen published "The Yankee of the Yards: The Biography of Gustavus Franklin Swift," co-authored with Louis Franklin Swift. This work provides a history of Chicago's meat packing industry from the viewpoint of the son of the founder of the largest packing company in the world.
In the 1930s he joined Business Week, where he became bureau chief in the Midwest. He later joined Newsweek, where he headed its bureau. In the 1960s he co-authored some more works on the history of postal offices in the 19th century.

## Selected publications

* Dunlap, John R., Arthur Van Vlissingen and John Michael Carmody (eds.). Factory and industrial management, New York, The Engineering Magazine Co., 1928-1929
* Swift, Louis Franklin, Arthur Van Vlissingen. Yankee of the Yards: The Biography of Gustavus Franklin Swift. A.W. Shaw and Company, Chicago, Illinois . (1927).
* Richow, Harold E., Ray Van Handel, and Arthur Van Vlissingen. The Territorial Post Offices of Wisconsin: Their Covers and Postmarks, July 4, 1836-May 29, 1848: Including Those which Were in the Michigan Territory, October 6, 1821-July 3, 1836. Wisconsin Postal History Society, 1963.
* Van Vlissingen, Arthur, and Morrison Waud. New York Foreign Mail Cancellations, 1870-1876. Collectors Club of Chicago, 1968.
Articles, a selection:
* Van Vlissingen, Arthur. "The BIG Idea behind Those SMALL Plants of Ford's." Factory Management and Maintenance 96: 46.
* Arthur Van Vlissingen, Jr., "Fred Harvey," Factory and Industrial Management 78 (Nov. 1929): 1085. 34.
# Elizabeth Holt

Elizabeth Holt may refer to:
* Elizabeth Gilmore Holt, American art historian
* Elizabeth Hunter Holt, American newspaper publisher
# Arvies

"Arvies" is a 2010 science fiction short story by Adam-Troy Castro. It was first published in Lightspeed Magazine, and subsequently republished in Castro's anthology Her Husband's Hands, as well as in the compilations Lightspeed: Year One, Nebula Awards Showcase: 2012 and The Year's Best Science Fiction and Fantasy: 2011.

## Synopsis

In a distant future ruled by superintelligent fetuses who have been genetically engineered to live centuries in utero, life has been legally redefined as lasting from fertilisation to birth, such that everyone who has been born is legally dead: disposable near-mindless slaves whose only purpose is to act as living "vehicles" for the fetuses that are robotically transplanted into them. One such fetus is Jennifer Axioma-Singh, who decides she wants an experience that no other fetus has ever had: to give birth.
The story does not explain the derivation of the term "arvies," which is this far-future's term for the human beings this far future allows to grow to maturity, to serve as vessels for the super-advanced fetuses. The author left it down to the reader to recognize the acronym RV, or "recreational vehicle."

## Reception

"Arvies" won the 2011 Million Writers Award for best short story, and was nominated for the 2011 Nebula Award for Best Short Story.
# Elachista confirmata

Elachista confirmata is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1931. It is found in southern India.
# Walter Mason

Walter Finch Mason (27 December 1847 – 18 October 1924) was a New Zealand cricketer who made five appearances, three of them first class appearances, for Wellington between 1873 and 1876. He made a duck on debut against Nelson on 27 December 1872; four and two against Hawke's Bay on 17 January 1874; and then 12 and zero in his first class debut on 17 March.
# Las Vegas Stars

Las Vegas Stars is a professional sports team nickname that can refer to:
* Las Vegas Stars (baseball), a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League from 1983 to 2000
* Las Vegas Stars (IBL), a minor league basketball team of the International Basketball League from 2007 to 2008
# Character map

A Character map utility allows a user to view and enter characters without having a relevant keyboard layout. Implementations include:
* Character Map (Windows), component of Microsoft Windows for viewing and copying characters
* GNOME Character Map, utility of GNOME for viewing and entering characters
* Haiku CharacterMap, component of the Haiku Operating System for viewing and entering characters
# William M. Fay

William Michael Fay (May 14, 1915 – April 12, 2000) was a judge of the United States Tax Court from 1961 to 1985.
Born in Pittston, Pennsylvania, Fay attended St. John's Academy in Pittston, and studied at Georgetown University and Columbia University, receiving an LL.B. from the Catholic University of America, in 1942. He served in World War II from 1942 to 1945, serving successively as a Naval Intelligence Officer, Gunnery Officer and Legal Officer.
He was Assistant Counsel to the United States Senate Special Committee on Atomic Energy in 1946, and Executive Assistant to Senator Brien McMahon of Connecticut from 1946 to 1948. He was in the Office of Chief Counsel of the Internal Revenue Service from 1948 to 1957, serving first as a trial attorney, then as Assistant Head of the Civil Division, then as Assistant Head of the Appeals Division, and finally as Assistant Regional Counsel. On August 3, 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Fay to the United States Tax Court, where he remained until his retirement on May 14, 1985.
In 1945, Fay married Jean M. Burke of Plainfield, New York, with whom he had a son, Michael.
Fay died from cancer at the age of 84.
# Vwaza Marsh Game Reserve

Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve is a national game reserve in Malawi.
In contrast to the Nyika National Park on the Nyika Plateau, much of Vwaza is located on low-lying flat ground although the eastern side of the park is hilly. It is located to the southeast of the plateau and to the north of the floodplains of South Rukuru River and covers an area of 1,000 km$^2$.
The park is characterised by Mopane and Miombo woodland and marshy wetlands which attracts a significant number of birds to the reserve.
Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve is rarely visited by many, largely due to poor road conditions and difficult terrain and inaccessibility.
The variation in animal number of species type may vary from season to season as they cross the border with the North Luangwa National Park in Zambia. Typically the reserve has large herds of Cape buffaloes and elephants, and a large variety of antelope including roan, greater kudu, Lichtenstein's hartebeest, eland and impala. Warthogs are also found in this reserve as well as numerous hippopotamus pod in Lake Kazuni. Camera trap surveys have also shown that lions are present, but probably transient, as well as leopards and wild dogs.
Moses the orphaned elephant that now is at Jumbo Foundation elephant orphanage in Lilongwe Malawi, was rescued by rangers at Vwaza marsh in the South Rukuru river.
Notable birdlife include Goliath herons, openbill storks and the rare white-winged starling. Lake Kazuni is located in the reserve and supports a notable hippo population.
The Reserve has a wide variety of plants communities and there are 398 species of vascular plants from 71 families.
# Charles Smith (Western Australian politician)

Charles Leonard Smith (born 4 October 1970) is an Australian politician. He was elected at the 2017 Western Australian election to represent the East Metropolitan Region in the Western Australian Legislative Council from 22 May 2017 for Pauline Hanson's One Nation. In June 2019, Smith resigned from One Nation to sit as an independent. In May 2020 he joined the Western Australia Party, and stood as their candidate at the 2021 state election, but was defeated.
During the election campaign, the Pauline Hanson's One Nation party arranged a preference deal with the Liberal Party. Smith was one of a number of One Nation candidates who did not agree with the deal, and encouraged voters to make up their own minds.
Prior to entering Western Australian state politics, Smith served as a police officer in Kalgoorlie, specialising in domestic violence and child protection work. He also worked for a period with the Western Australian Department of Mines and Petroleum as a prospector approvals facilitator.
In 2016, Smith unsuccessfully sought Nationals pre-selection for the federal seat of O'Connor. He subsequently left the Nationals, stating to the Kalgoorlie Miner: "My politics is probably different from the National Party; it was more conservative anyway, hence the interest in what One Nation were doing."
In his inaugural speech in the Western Australian Legislative Council, Smith called for tougher law and order measures to tackle crime and a state population policy to reduce growth pressures on Perth. He also warned that community cohesion was in decline:
   A growing chunk of the body politic lacks drive and common purpose. Many people feel that their country is at risk of losing the values that made it strong and had it being looked upon with jealous eyes from overseas. Many people feel that their country is slipping away, socially and culturally. They notice the decline in community-mindedness and watch as reminders of our Western Judeo-Christian and British heritage are erased from school curricula and the public sphere. They see the growing entrenchment of asymmetrical multiculturalism, consumerism and hyper-individualism.
On 11 June 2019, Smith informed the President of the Legislative Council that he had resigned from One Nation, citing a "long line of frustrations" with the party.
On 12 May 2020, Smith joined the Western Australia Party and urged fellow independents to join the party.