OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Walker Hines

Walker Downer Hines (February 2, 1870 – January 14, 1934) was an American railroad executive and second Director General of the United States Railroad Administration.

## Biography

Hines was born February 2, 1870, in Russellville, Kentucky, the son of James Madison Hines and Mary Walker Downer.
Ogden College, graduated 1888. University of Virginia, graduated 1891.
In 1886, aged sixteen, he became stenographer for the Circuit Court of Warren County. In 1890 he became secretary to the assistant chief attorney of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad at Louisville, Kentucky. He was appointed assistant attorney after graduating law school, assistant chief attorney in 1897.
He married Alice Clymer Macfarlane in 1900, they had one child.
He was promoted to vice-president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad in 1901. Hines spent nearly ten years fighting railroad regulation in state and federal courts.
In 1906 he joined Cravath, Henderson and de Gersdoff in New York City, becoming a partner in 1907. He was with the firm for seven more years.
Hines joined the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway as general counsel, was made chair of the executive committee in 1908 and chairman of the board in 1916.
In December, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson nationalized most U.S. railroads under the United States Railroad Administration. William G. McAdoo was made director general, Hines agreed to become assistant director general. McAdoo resigned in January, 1919, and Hines stepped in as director general for the remainder of nationalization under the Railroad Administration, which ended on March 1, 1920. Following the end of World War I, Hines worked and traveled extensively in Europe.
In the latter half of the 1920s, Hines was a director of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, a director of its subsidiary, the Colorado and Southern Railway, general counsel of one of its parent companies, the Great Northern Railway, and a partner in Hines, Rearick, Dorr, Travis and Marshall, which specialized in railroad law.
Hines died of a stroke in Merano, Italy on January 14, 1934.

## Other service

Vice-president, New York City Bar Association; League of Nations.

## Publications

* Hines, Walker D. Report on Danube Navigation for the League of Nations. 1925.
* Hines, Walker D. War History of the American Railroads. 1928.
# Owl (Dell Comics)

The Owl is a fictional superhero that first appeared in Dell Comics' Crackajack Funnies #25 (July 1940), continuing until #43 (Jan 1942).

## Fictional biography

Police detective Nick Terry becomes the Owl to protect his home city of Yorktown from criminals. Not having superpowers, he relies on his fighting skills and a number of gimmicks, such as his flying "Owlmobile," a cape that functions as a hang glider, and a hand-held "black light" gun that casts a beam of darkness. His fiancée and newspaper reporter, Belle Wayne, knows his secret identity and becomes his sidekick, Owl Girl.
According to Jess Nevins' Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes, the Owl's enemies include "the insane Ma Madespo and her four insane killer sons, the crime-mongering Dr. Nodd, the vicious crimelord Pantherman, the hooded and maimed German veteran the Spectre, and German scoundrels during World War One."
After World War II, the Owl (along with dozens of other heroes) is trapped in the Urn of Pandora by the misguided Fighting Yank. Decades later, the Urn is shattered, freeing the heroes, many of them transformed by the experience. The Owl now has the power of flight and the power to emanate a field of black light from his body. He returns to Yorktown and finds that it is now being watched over by the granddaughter of Belle Wayne.

## History

The Owl first appeared in Crackajack Funnies #25 (July 1940). After Crackajack ended, the character moved over to Dell’s Popular Comics from issue #72 (February 1942) to #85 (March 1943). Belle made frequent appearances in both titles.
In the 1960s, inspired by the success of the Batman TV series, Gold Key Comics revived the Owl with "Owl Girl" as a sidekick, though now named Laura Holt (with no mention of Belle Wayne having ever existed). Owl Girl handled most of the physical combat. The two issues of Gold Key’s The Owl—in which the duo were shown in campy, self-parodying stories—came out in April 1967 and 1968, respectively.
In the 1970s, the Owl (now working solo) appeared in issue #22 of Gold Key’s The Occult Files of Dr. Spektor. A text story in that same issue told of Doctor Spektor speculating that the Owl may have been privy to some kind of prolonged youth, a secret that could not be shared with Owl Girl.
In 1999, character appeared in issue #17 of AC's Men of Mystery Comics. and is one of many public domain characters to appear in Dynamite Entertainment’s 2008 miniseries, Project Superpowers with a four-issue mini-series starring both the Owl and another new Owl Girl (this version being the granddaughter of Belle Wayne).

## Powers and abilities

Originally, the Owl had no superpowers but he was an excellent hand to hand combatant. He wore a cape which allowed him to glide, used a gun that could project "black light" and possessed a flying car called the Owlmobile. After being released from the Urn of Pandora, the Owl now has the power of flight and the ability to project a field of "black light".
# Noël Mamère

Noël Mamère (French pronunciation:; born 25 December 1948) is a French journalist and former politician. He was the mayor of Bègles in Gironde from 1989 to 2017, as well as deputy to the French National Assembly for Gironde's 3rd constituency from 1997 to 2017. He also served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 1997.

## Biography

Noël Mamère rose to fame in the 1980s as a journalist and anchorman, in particular on Antenne 2.
In 1992, he became president of Brice Lalonde's Ecology Generation party, from which he was expelled in 1994. He then founded "Ecology-Solidarity Convergences", of which he was president, before joining Les Verts in 1998.
In 2002, he was a presidential candidate and garnered 5.25% of the votes.
On 5 June 2004, whilst mayor of Bègles, he stirred up controversy by conducting a marriage ceremony for a male homosexual couple, nine years before same-sex marriage became legal in France. The marriage was annulled by the courts on 27 July 2004. The couple appealed to the European Court of Human Rights, who ultimately upheld the annulment in 2016, but acknowledged that, by then, it was now legal for them to get married.

## Political career

Member of European Parliament : 1994–1997 (Resignation, elected in the National Assembly of France). Elected in 1994.
Member of the National Assembly of France for Gironde : 1997–2017. Elected in 1997, reelected in 2002, 2007, 2012.
Regional councillor of Aquitaine : 1992–1994 (Resignation) / March 1998 (Resignation). Reelected in 1998.
Mayor of Bègles : 1989–2017. Reelected in 1995, 2001, 2008, 2014.
Municipal councillor of Bègles : 1989–2017. Reelected in 1995, 2001, 2008, 2014.
Vice-president of the Urban Community of Bordeaux : 1989–2001. Reelected in 1995.
Member of the Urban Community of Bordeaux : 1989–2001. Reelected in 1995.
# Ayer Baloi

Ayer Baloi is a mukim in Pontian District, Johor, Malaysia.

## Geography

The mukim spans over an area of 142 km$^2$.
# Echopraxia

Echopraxia (also known as echokinesis) is the involuntary repetition or imitation of another person's actions. Similar to echolalia, the involuntary repetition of sounds and language, it is one of the echophenomena ("automatic imitative actions without explicit awareness"). It has long been recognized as a core feature of Tourette syndrome, and is considered a complex tic, but it also occurs in autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and catatonia, aphasia, and disorders involving the startle reflex such as latah. Echopraxia has also been observed in individuals with epilepsy, dementia and autoimmune disorders; the causes of and the link between echopraxia and these disorders is undetermined.
The etymology of the term is from Ancient Greek: "ἠχώ (ēkhō) from ἠχή (ēkhē "sound") and "πρᾶξις (praksis, "action, activity, practice)".

## Characteristics

Echopraxia is the involuntary mirroring of an observed action. Imitated actions can range from simple motor tasks such as picking up a phone to violent actions such as hitting another person.
Imitative learning and emulation of physical and verbal actions are critical to early development (up to the age of two or three), but when these behaviors become reactions rather than a means for learning, they are considered echophenomena (copying behaviors).

## Causes

Echopraxia is a typical symptom of Tourette syndrome but causes are not well elucidated.
One theoretical cause subject to ongoing debate surrounds the role of the mirror neuron system (MNS), a group of neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (F5 region) of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors, but no widely accepted neural or computational models have been put forward to describe how mirror neuron activity supports cognitive functions such as imitation.

## Diagnosis

There is no formal test for diagnosing echopraxia. It is easier to distinguish in individuals over the age of five, because younger children frequently imitate others' actions.
Imitation can be divided into two types: imitative learning and automatic imitation. Imitative learning occurs when a person consciously mimics an observed action in order to learn the mechanism behind that action and perform it themselves. Babies begin copying movements soon after birth; this behavior begins to diminish around the age of three. Before that, it is not possible to diagnose echopraxia, because it is difficult to differentiate between imitative learning and automatic imitation. If the imitative behavior continues beyond infanthood, it may be considered echopraxia.
Echopraxia may be more easily distinguished in older individuals, because their behaviors in relation to prior behaviors can be differentiated. They report feeling an uncontrollable urge to perform an action after seeing it being performed. Automatic behavior is occasionally present in healthy adults (for example, when a person observes someone yawning, he or she may do the same); these behaviors are not considered echopraxia.
# William Routledge

William Routledge may refer to:
* William Routledge (priest), Scottish Episcopalian priest
* William Scoresby Routledge, British ethnographer, anthropologist and adventurer
* Bill Routledge, English footballer
# Echo Mountain (disambiguation)

Echo Mountain may refer to:
* Echo Mountain, a mountain in California
* Echo Mountain (Colorado), a mountain summit in Colorado
* Echo Mountain (ski area), a ski area in Colorado
* Echo Mountain (album), an album by K's Choice
* Echo Mountain Recording, a professional recording studio in Asheville, NC
# Echo Mountain (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Echo Mountain is the fifth studio album of the Belgian rock band K's Choice. After a reunion concert at Dranouter festival in August 2009 the band started recording new material in the Echo Mountain Studios in Asheville, North Carolina. On 22 February 2010 they confirmed on their website that the new album would be released on 26 March 2010. "When I Lay Beside You" (#3 at the singles charts) and "Come Live The Life" were released as singles.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Sam (as Sarah) and Gert Bettens

## Personnel

Musicians:
* Sam Bettens
* Gert Bettens
* Eric Grossman
* Koen Lieckens
* Reinout Swinnen
* Thomas Vanelslander

## Charts performance
### Single charts

| Title | Peak positions | Peak positions |
| Title | BEL | NED |
| "When I Lay Beside You" | 3 (Flanders) 20 (Wallonia) | – |
| "Come Live The Life" | 11 (Flanders) 30 (Wallonia) | 86 |
# Anton Morosani

Anton Morosani (20 June 1907 – 8 June 1993) was a Swiss ice hockey player who competed in the 1928 Winter Olympics.
He was a member of the Swiss ice hockey team, which won the bronze medal.
# Anton Moser

Anton Moser founded a card company in Vienna in 1824. In 1843 the company was taken over by Ferdinand Piatnik, who made the company one of the most successful card manufacturers in the world.
# Ed Jeffers

Edward Francis Jeffers (December 6, 1921 – April 4, 2010) was a professional American football guard. He was a member of the Brooklyn Dodgers.
He served his country in the United States Army during World War II in the Pacific. He was the recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross, Silver Star with Clusters, Bronze Star Medal with Clusters and two Purple Hearts. He was discharged as a sergeant.
He graduated from McAlester High School in the Class of 1939. He later graduated from Oklahoma State University, where he played football. After graduation, he played professional football with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
He married Leota Curliss in 1950, in Hartshorne. He was an educator for more than 35 years and was the football coach at Hartshorne in the 1950s. He taught and was a football coach at Houston Junior High for 32 years in Hobbs, New Mexico. He and his wife raised 4 sons.
# Anuj Sood

Major Anuj Sood, SC (17 Dec 1989 – 2 May 2020) was an Indian Army Officer who received the Shaurya Chakra posthumously. He was a member of the 19th Battalion, Brigade of Guards and 21st Rashtriya Rifles Battalion. He was martyred in action while serving with the latter in Handwara, Jammu and Kashmir.

## Early life and education

Sood was born in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. Later relocated to Chandigarh. He was born on 17 December 1989, in Air Force Command Hospital Bengaluru, to Brigadier Chandrakant Sood (retd.) and Smt Ragini Sood. He did his schooling from Army Public School, Udhampur, T-Morh, Jammu and Kashmir, and after that from Punjab Public School, Nabha. In 2008, having cleared AIEEE, he met all eligibility criteria for joining the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), but chose the National Defence Academy instead. From his childhood, he aspired to follow in the footsteps of his father, who served in the Indian Army Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers.

## Military career

Sood was commissioned from the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun on 9 June 2012. After completing his training as a young Lieutenant, he handled regimental duties such as Adjutant and Platoon Commander, before being appointed as Aide-de-camp to General Officer Commanding 14 RAPID for a period of 13 months. He then went on to complete the Junior Command Courses at Army War College, Mhow, where he excelled. Sood later married Akriti Sood. Akriti Sood is a software engineer and daughter of a Navy Marine Commando. On 4 March 2018, Sood was assigned to the 21 Rashtriya Rifles (Guards).

## Shaurya Chakra
### Citation

Sood was awarded the nation's third highest peacetime gallantry award 'Shaurya Chakra' on 26 January 2021 for his supreme sacrifice during Operation Chanjimula. Major Anuj Sood's Shaurya Chakra Citation is as follows:
   MAJOR ANUJ SOOD
   Major Anuj Sood was leading the men of his Company during `Operation Chanjimula' on 02 May 2020. During the operation the officer laid the cordon at the suspected house with his Combat Action Team. Unmindful of his personal safety he along with the Commanding Officer and three other individuals moved inside the house to evacuate the civilians trapped inside and being taken as hostages by the terrorists. The Gallant officer in the ensuing fire fight with the terrorists showcased utmost grid, valour and bravery and made the supreme sacrifice by laying down his life in the finest traditions of the Indian Army and injured the terrorists with nefarious designs.
# Antonio Superchi

Antonio Superchi (11 January 1816 – 5 July 1893) was an Italian operatic baritone who had an active international career from 1838 to 1858. He appeared at most of the major opera houses in Italy and Spain, and at Her Majesty's Theatre in London.
The Times reviewed the quality of his voice in 1847 (22 April): "It is impossible for a singer to be more free than Superchi from this defect of his predecessor (Luciano Fornasari, who never surmounted his tremulousness). His notes are as firm as possible, and his flow of song is in the highest degree smooth and even".
Born into a wealthy family—father Paolo and mother Gaetana, a lady of the Manghi family—in Parma, he studied singing in his native city with Antonio De Cesari and Luigi Tartagnini. He made his professional opera debut in 1838 at La Fenice in Venice as Enrico in Gaetano Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor. In 1843 he created the role of Ernesto Malcolm in the world premiere of Giovanni Pacini's Maria, regina d'Inghilterra at the Teatro Carolino in Palermo. On 9 March 1844 he sang the part of Don Carlo in the world premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's Ernani at La Fenice. He retired from the stage in 1858, after which he was active as a singing teacher in Parma. He died there in 1893 at the age of 77.
# Antonio Sun Wenjun

Bishop Antonio Sun Wenjun is a Chinese Roman Catholic prelate appointed as the first bishop of the newly created Roman Catholic Diocese of Weifang on 20 April 2023 by Pope Francis and the Chinese government.

## Early life

Antonio was born on 1 November 1970 in Weifang, China. He studied at the Sheshan seminary in Shanghai and was ordained a priest in 1995. He also studied in Ireland for sometime.

## Episcopate

On 20 April 2023, Antonio was appointed first bishop of the newly created Diocese of Weifang, China in accordance to Vatican-China agreement. He was ordained as a bishop on 29 January 2024 by John Fang Xingyao at Christ the King Church, Shenzhen.
# William Trodd

William Trodd (7 August 1836 – 9 April 1880) was an English first-class cricketer active 1869 who played for Surrey. He was born in Guildford; died in Bow, London. His brother, John, was also a first-class cricketer.
# Antonio Tarsia

Antonio Tarsia may refer to:
* Antonio Tarsia (sculptor)
* Antonio Tarsia (composer)
# Ectonville, Missouri

Ectonville is an unincorporated community in Clay County, Missouri, United States. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.
The community was named after Dillie Ecton, a local merchant in the 1930s.
# William I, Marquis of Namur

William I (1324 – 1 October 1391), also called the Rich, was Count of Namur from 1337 until his death.

## Life

He was the fifth son of John I, Marquis of Namur, and Marie of Artois.
Because his four elder brothers all died childless between 1333 and 1337, he still became Marquis of Namur. Because he was a minor when he became Marquis, his mother ruled as regent until he became of age.
William participated in the Hundred Years' War on the side of the English. Despite this, Namur itself remained at peace, except for a revolt of the weavers in 1351. He was defeated and taken prisoner in the Battle of Baesweiler in 1371.
Thanks to the fortune, first of his mother and then of his wife, William was able to buy several territories which enlarged the Marquisate. In 1362 he obtained from Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor that Namur depended directly from the Holy Roman Empire and ceased to be a vassal of the County of Hainaut. He also developed the mining and forging industries, as well as commerce.

## Family

He first married on 13 February 1348 with Jeanne of Hainault, daughter of John of Beaumont and Margaret of Soissons. Jeanne died 2 years later form the Black Death without children.
William remarried in March 1352 with Catherine of Savoy, daughter of Louis II of Vaud and Isabella of Châlon. They had:
* William II (1355–1418), Marquis of Namur
* John III (d. 1429), last Marquis of Namur
* Marie (d. 1412), married in 1370 Guy II de Blois-Châtillon and in 1405 Pierre de Brabant, Admiral of France.
William also had several illegitimate children.
# William Waryn

William Waryn was the member of the Parliament of England for Salisbury for multiple parliaments from January 1404 to 1419. He was also mayor of Salisbury.
# William Smith (conservationist)

William Walter Smith (14 September 1852 – 3 March 1942) was a New Zealand gardener, naturalist and conservationist. He was born in Hawick, Roxburghshire, Scotland in 1852. He was the initial person in charge of implementing the Scenery Preservation Act of 1903, which led to the creation of scenic and historic reserves.
# William Smith (businessman)

William Smith (September 2, 1818 – February 6, 1912) was an American businessman. Born in Canterbury, England, he set up a successful nursery business in Geneva, New York with his brothers in the mid 19th century. He also organised the Standard Optical Company in 1883 and was director of the First National Bank of Geneva.

## Astronomy

Smith, like many wealthy people of the period, had an interest in astronomy and astrology. He had an observatory built behind his mansion in Geneva. He later commissioned the Smith Observatory, with a dome built by the Warner & Swasey Company, and persuaded William Robert Brooks, a prolific comet-finder, to direct it, attracting him with the state-of-the-art observatory and a house built for Brooks and his family. Smith also promoted free lectures given by Brooks.

## Academic institution

He then became interested in founding a women's college, a plan that he pursued to the point of breaking ground before realizing that the plan was beyond even his means. Meanwhile, president of Hobart College, Langdon C. Stewardson learned of his interest and tried to persuade Smith to become a donor to the financially struggling college. Unable to convince Smith to provide direct assistance to Hobart, Stewardson redirected the negotiations toward founding a coordinate institution for women, a plan that appealed to the philanthropist. On December 13, 1906, he formalized his intentions; two years later William Smith School for Women - a coordinate, nonsectarian women's college - enrolled its first class of 18 students. That charter class grew to 20 members before its graduation in 1912.
As well as the observatory on his own property, Smith had the Smith Opera House built in 1894 in downtown Geneva. In 1906, Smith donated it to the college.
William Smith died in Geneva on February 6, 1912 at the age of 93, shortly before the charter class of William Smith College was to graduate. Smith left his mansion, the observatory and the house he had had built for Brooks to Hobart College. The house was subsequently bought back by Brooks' daughter, Anna.