OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cultural Critique

Cultural Critique is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published across the fields of cultural studies, literary theory, political science, philosophy, and sociology. It was founded in 1985 and is published by the University of Minnesota Press. The journal is currently edited by John Mowitt, Cesare Casarino, Simona Sawhney, Maggie Hennefeld and Frieda Ekotto.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in the following bibliographic databases:
* Arts & Humanities Citation Index
* Humanities Abstracts
* IBZ Online
* International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
* MLA - Modern Language Association Database
* Periodicals Index Online
* Political Science Complete
* Scopus
* Social Sciences Citation Index

## Israeli scholar discrimination controversy

Amidst the Israel–Hamas war in 2024 Cultural Critique was forced to issue a public apology for rejecting a contribution by an Israeli scholar solely on the basis of his assumed institutional affiliation in Israel. The journal had rejected the scholar's submission in a letter which stated, "We regret to inform you that we cannot consider your submission for publication due to the journal's commitment to BDS guidelines, which includes 'withdrawing support from Israel's ... cultural and academic institutions.'" The scholar replied that, as the biography attached to his submission had made clear, he had no affiliation to Israeli institutions, and argued that Cultural Critique had turned his paper down solely on the basis of his nationality; this despite even the BDS guidelines themselves explicitly opposing the boycott of individuals. Cultural Critique reportedly replied that they could not verify his non-Israeli affiliation and would only reconsider his rejection should he provide evidence of this being the case.
Following publicity as well as a threat of legal action against its publisher, the University of Minnesota, for violating anti-discrimination legislation and Minnesota's anti-BDS law, as well as a porported investigation by the United States Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, both the University of Minnesota and Cultural Critique apologized for the incident. The journal claimed to have "mistakenly excluded from consideration an article submitted by a scholar on the basis of their university affiliation." Cultural Critique announced that should the author choose to resubmit his piece, it would now be reviewed "using our normal processes."
# Cuyahoga Valley

Cuyahoga Valley may refer to:
* Cuyahoga Valley, a neighborhood in the city of Cleveland, Ohio
* Cuyahoga Valley National Park, an American national park in Northeast Ohio
# Truth in Accounting

Truth in Accounting (TIA), formerly known as the Institute for Truth in Accounting, is a nonpartisan American think tank that promotes fiscal transparency and accountability through improving the accounting standards the government uses which are different than the standards they require of corporations. Its stated goal is "to educate and empower citizens with understandable, reliable, and transparent government financial information."

## Publications

Each September, TIA releases its "Financial State of States" report that takes a deep look into each of the 50 states' Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) in order to compare assets with liabilities. "For the first time, a detailed analysis of pension and health care liabilities has exposed all fifty states’ actual obligations," commented Ziyi Mai in The John Locke Foundation's blog, The Locker Room. TIA then ranks the 50 states on the basis of taxpayer burden, which is each taxpayer's share of state debt.
TIA expanded on its state-level analysis in 2015, moving its analysis to include city-level governments. TIA now analyzes and ranks the 75 largest US cities, all 50 states and the Federal government

## Reception

Kevin Palmer at Watchdog Wire reported on TIA's methodology: "Truth In Accounting’s figure includes not only this public debt, but also intergovernmental debts (loans made from one government branch or agency to another) and unfunded liabilities, the greatest of which are Social Security, Medicare, and pensions. As the population ages, these unfunded liabilities have skyrocketed–and although they aren’t yet part of our official debt, barring substantial reform the government will have no choice but to borrow trillions in order to fulfill them."
In 2014 Politifact analyzed a TIA report claiming that taxpayers in Georgia would have to send $5,000 each to the state treasury to cover the debt and concluded that it was "mostly false".
In 2019 Colorado Politics described TIA as a "a think tank tied to the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and the right-wing State Policy Network."

## Data-Z

In November 2012, Truth in Accounting launched a new website called Data-Z, which provides easy access to its calculations of the federal government, the 50 states' and the nations 75 largest city's debt, liabilities, and assets and permits users to graph and analyze it visually. The website has over 700 data points collected from the all levels of government. This website is free for anyone to use with basic graph functions. There is a paid subscription available with broader capabilities. TIA partners with anyone who wants data straight from the government sources.
# Cupid and Ganymede

Cupid and Ganymede or Venus Finds Cupid Playing Dice with Ganymede is a 1782 painting by Angelica Kauffman, one of four works commissioned from her by George Bowles It is now in a private collection. It is based on Matthew Pryor's poetic reworking of an ancient myth about how Ganymede beat Cupid at dice, with the stakes being Cupid's arrows, an attribute of his divine power, and shows Cupid being chastised by his mother Venus.
The work and Kauffman's Jupiter and Callisto and Orpheus and Eurydice were engraved by Thomas Burke in 1784. The artist also painted Ganymede and the Eagle (now in the vorarlberg Museum) in 1793.
# Cylloepus parkeri

Cylloepus parkeri, or Parker's cylloepus riffle beetle, is a species of riffle beetle in the family Elmidae. It is found in North America.
# Cyllopodini

Cyllopodini is a tribe of the geometer moth family (Geometridae), with about 68 species in 7 genera and 2 genera with 7 species tentatively associated with the tribe.

## Genera

* Atyria Hubner, 1823
* Atyriodes Warren, 1895
* Cyllopoda Dalman, 1823
* Formiana Druce, 1885
* Paratyria Warren, 1895
* Smicropus Warren, 1895
* Xanthyris Felder & Felder, 1862

## Uncertain association

* Myrice Walker, 1854
* Oncopus Herrich-Schaffer, 1855
# Tugalina vadososinuata

Tugalina vadososinuata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.
# Curtis Island (Maine)

Curtis Island is an island located in the exterior of Camden Harbor, in Camden, Maine, United States. The island received its name in 1934 after Cyrus H. K. Curtis, publisher of the Saturday Evening Post, a long time resident and benefactor of Camden.
There is a lighthouse and caretaker's house on the southwestern point of the island. There are two paths around either side of the island and one open grassy path down the middle. The island light is depicted in the Fitz Henry Lane painting Lighthouse at Camden, Maine.
# Tudar, Azerbaijan

40°44′04″N 49°04′19″E﻿ / ﻿40.73444°N 49.07194°E﻿ / 40.73444; 49.07194
Tudar is a village in the Khizi Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Ağdərə.
# Cypa claggi

Cypa claggi is a species of moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from the Philippines.
The length of the forewings is about 25 mm. The pattern is similar to Cypa ferruginea and the colour to Cypa decolor decolor. The forewing upperside is much lighter than the underside, but the hindwing upperside is much darker than the underside.
# Cypa uniformis

Cypa uniformis is a species of moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from China, north-western India and Borneo.

## Subspecies

* Cypa uniformis uniformis (China)
* Cypa uniformis attenuata Inoue, 1991 (Borneo)
* Cypa uniformis pallens Jordan, 1926 (north-western India)
# Tuber anniae

Tuber anniae is a species of truffle in the genus Tuber. The truffle is purported to be uncommon, but is primarily found in the United States Pacific Northwest. Recently the fruiting of closely related taxa have been found in the Baltic Rim countries, primarily forests dominated by Scots pine in eastern Finland.

## Background

Ecologically, Tuber species are obligate ectomycorrhizal fungi and form ectomycorrhizas (ECM) with pine (Pinus spp.), fir (Abies spp.), birch (Betula spp.), aspen (Populus spp.), oak (Quercus spp.), hazel (Corylus avellana L.), and rockrose (Cistus spp.). However, truffle research is quite a new process in the boreal country of Finland. Originally there were only three recorded species of white truffles: Tuber borchii Vittad., T. maculatum and Tuber scruposum R. Hesse. Nevertheless, the diversity of Tuber in boreal or sub-boreal forests is becoming more evident with the application of molecular tools to ectomycorrhizal communities studies in these regions. Species within the T. anniae complex seem to be adapted to a wide range of soil types, however, a species complex may have numerous individual (cryptic) species, each of which may have distinct ecological preferences. Ectomycorrhizas consist of a mantle, covering the root tip and a Hartig net of hyphae surrounding the plant cells within the root cortex.

## Taxonomy

The ascomata (fruit body) is a unique feature of T. anniae. The shape is subglobose (not entirely round or spherical) to irregular, being between 6 and 18 millimetres (0.24 and 0.71 in) in diameter. In youth it tends to be glabrous (hairless) with a pale yellow color and when mature a dark olive brown color with grayish white furrows and patches. The odor of the body is mild, similar to that of paint; taste has yet to be recorded. There are no reports on the edibility of T. anniae or its relatives. However, its relation to T. puberulum and T. borchii (two edible truffle species) and its fair size (in some collections) indicate potential culinary value, although potential yields of these truffles still need to be determined.
# Cyclophora lichenea

Cyclophora lichenea is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found on Jamaica.
# Cyclophora landanata

Cyclophora landanata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Angola.
# Tummelka

Tummelka is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County in Estonia.
# Tummwah, Giza

Tummwah is a village in the Giza Governorate in Egypt. Also Spelled as "Tamwah" and it is a coptic old name that the village is keeping from the Old Egyptian name.
According to the 2006 census, the village had 21,689 residents, 11,212 males and 10,477 females.
* This geography of Egypt article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Cydia kurokoi

Cydia kurokoi, the nut fruit tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Japan, the Korean Peninsula and eastern China.
The wingspan is about 20 mm. Adults are on wing in August and September. There is one generation per year.
The larvae feed on Castanea seguinii, Castanea mollitissima, Castanea crenata and Quercus acutissima. The larvae feed inside the fruits of chestnut trees and damage them.
# Cydia leguminana

Cydia leguminana is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Friederike Lienig and Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1846.
It is native to Europe.
# Turkey Devonshire

The Turkey Devonshire sandwich, sometimes simply called a Devonshire, originated in 1934 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is typically served as a hot open-faced sandwich on toasted bread with hot turkey, bacon, tomatoes, and a cheese sauce. The sandwich is similar to a Kentucky Hot Brown.
It was created by Frank Blandi (1907-1999), a Sicilian American, who first served them at the Stratford Club located at the corner of Centre and Millvale Avenues, on the border between Pittsburgh's Bloomfield and Shadyside neighborhoods. The club had an English atmosphere and the sandwich was named after Devonshire Street, located one block away. This sandwich's heyday was in the 1960s, but it remains a local favorite hot sandwich. It is believed this sandwich was influenced by the 21 Club’s trendy chicken hash, a dish of diced chicken covered in Mornay sauce and then browned.
# Tunte Cantero

Tunte Cantero (born 9 August 1975) is a Spanish sailor. He competed in the men's 470 event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Turk's solution

In hemocytometry, Türk's solution (or Türk's fluid) is a hematological stain (either crystal violet or aqueous methylene blue) prepared in 99% acetic acid (glacial) and distilled water. The solution destroys the red blood cells and platelets within a blood sample (acetic acid being the main lyzing agent), and stains the nuclei of the white blood cells, making them easier to see and count.
Türk's solution is intended for use in determining total leukocyte count in a defined volume of blood. Erythrocytes are hemolyzed while leukocytes are stained for easy visualization.
Composition of Türk's solution is as follows:
| Component | Volume |
| Crystal violet | 1 mL |
| Glacial acetic acid | 1.5 mL |
| Distilled water | 100 mL |
# Tumaini University Makumira

Tumaini University Makumira (TUMA) is a private university located in the town of Makumira, Poli ward, Meru District of Arusha Region in north Tanzania. Its 2017 ranking at the Webometrics Ranking of World for Tanzania is position 10.

## Constituent colleges

The university has the following 5 constituent colleges and training centre:
* Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College(KCMUCo)
* Tumaini University Dar es Salaam College (TUDARCo)
* Stephano Moshi Memorial University College (SMMUCo)
* Josiah Kibira University College (JoKUCo) was launched January 2013
* TUMA-Mbeya Centre
# Cyphella digitalis

Cyphella digitalis is a small fungal species from the genus Cyphella, found throughout many western European wooded forests

## Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1805, by Lewis David de Schweinitz, which was then also backed by Johannes Baptista von Albertini in 1822. Further identification was made in 2016 by Jan Holec, Vladimir Kunca, Martin Kříž, and Petr Zehnálek, which located Cyphella digitalis populations in Slovakia and the Czech Republic as part of a study looking into the genetic sequencing and ecology of the species.

## Description

This species is identified with small, tube like basidiomata in circular to oval shaping. It has a cream, beige, or darker brown coloration, sometimes with tree bark like patterns and streaking on the outside of the structures. They appear to be hygrophanous, turning a darker shade in the presence of water. The inside of the body is typically a lighter cream to whitened color. Appears as a thin tube clumped closely together in clusters, with each individual cup growing up to 10-15 mm in diameter. They have no visible stipe and are typically rooted by either the base of the cup or one side, then hanging free from that rooted area. Cyphella digitalis has a distinct lack of gills and has a somewhat flexible membrane.

## Habitat and location

Found mostly through Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Denmark, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, Cyphella digitalis can be located dominantly on silver fir trees. It is almost exclusive found on these silver fir trees, due to a reliant symbiotic relationship, however has been observed in rare cases to be seen in Denmark without the Silver fir trees present. This observation has not be confirmed since initially being described.

## Etymology

The specific epithet digitalis is derived literally as a modern latin translation of German "thimble", or literally, "finger-hat". This refers to the shaping and structure of the basidiomata and body of the fungi.
# D422 road

D422 is a state road branching off from D424 expressway connecting it to Zadar Airport. The road is 3.9 km long.
The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company.

## Road junctions

D422 junctions :
| Type | Slip roads/Notes |
| | D424 to Zadar (to the south) and to A1 motorway (to the north). Ž6039 to Bibinje. Ž6262 to Zadar via Benkovačka street. The southern terminus of the road. |
| | Zadar Airport - the northern terminus of the road. |
# D423 road

D423 is a state road in Slavonia region of Croatia, connecting the Port of Slavonski Brod to the city of Slavonski Brod and the A3 motorway Slavonski Brod istok (east) interchange via D514 state road. The road is 6.1 km (3.8 mi) long.
As the road passes through an urban zone, it comprises a substantial number of street intersections, some of which are regulated by traffic lights.
The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske Ceste, state owned company.

## Road junctions and populated areas

D423 junctions/populated areas :
| Type | Slip roads/Notes |
| | Slavonski Brod D514 to the A3 motorway Slavonski Brod istok (east) interchange and to the city centre and the border crossing to Bosanski Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina via D53. Ž4210 to Trnjanski Kuti, Oprisavci, Jaruge and the D7 state road. Ž4211 within the city. Ž4212 to Donja Vrba and Zadubravlje. Ž4214 within the city. The northern terminus of the road. |
| | Port of Slavonski Brod The southern terminus of the road. |

## Sources

* ↑ "Regulation on motorway markings, chainage, interchange/exit/rest area numbers and names". Narodne novine (in Croatian). May 6, 2003.
* ↑ "Decision on categorization of public roads as state roads, county roads and local roads". Narodne novine (in Croatian). February 17, 2010.
* ↑ "Public Roads Act". Narodne novine (in Croatian). December 14, 2004.
* ↑ "Map of border crossings and customs office areas" (PDF). Customs Administration of the Republic of Croatia (in Croatian). March 6, 2008.
# D424 road

D424 is a state road in Croatia that connects the city of Zadar with the A1 motorway. It links Gaženica port in southern Zadar and Zadar 2 interchange on A1 motorway, executed as a dual carriage expressway (Croatian: brza cesta) connector, with an 80 km/h (50 mph) speed limit. The D424 has five interchanges. Together with the new Gaženica port and the Crno commercial zone, the expressway is expected to bring prosperity to Zadar.
The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state-owned company.

## Traffic volume

Traffic is regularly counted and reported by Hrvatske ceste, operator of the road. Substantial variations between annual (AADT) and summer (ASDT) traffic volumes are attributed to the fact that the road connects a number of summer resorts to the Croatian motorway network.
D424 traffic volume :
| Road | Counting site | AADT | ASDT | Notes |
| D424 | 4820 Gaženica | 5,445 | 7,686 | Between D8 and D422 junctions. |

## Road junctions and populated areas

D424 exit list :
* Slip roads/Notes
* A1 - Interchange with A1 motorway in Zadar 2 interchange. Northern terminus of the road.
* Zadar 2 toll plaza. A part of A1 motorway toll system.
* Northern terminus of dual carriageway expressway to Zadar and Gaženica.
* Tromilja interchange D56 to Benkovac D502 to Karin and D27 D56 and D502 roads are concurrent between the interchange and a junction approximately 700 m (2,300 ft) to the north
* Sveti Martin interchange Ž6040 to Sukošan
* Babindub interchange D422 to Zadar Airport Ž6039 to Bibinje Ž6262 to Zadar via Benkovačka street.
* Gaženica interchange D8 to Zadar city centre.
* Southern terminus of dual carriageway expressway to Zadar and A1 motorway.
* Port of Zadar (Gaženica).
# Turtle, Missouri

Turtle is an extinct town in Dent County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place.
A post office called Turtle was established in 1905, and remained in operation until 1954. The community took its name from nearby Turtle Pond, the habitat of many turtles.
# Turtle's Records & Tapes

Turtle's Records and Tapes was a Southern United States retail chain, based in Atlanta, that specialized in selling cassettes, records, and concert tickets; in the latter years of the chain's existence, it also rented movies in VHS format. Turtle's was recognized for its trademark logo, an upright standing turtle with its neck twisted around in several coils as he attempts to look backward.
It was known for its deep selection and one of the most varied video rental offerings in its markets before the arrival of the big chains such as Blockbuster Inc. Small gold coins with a turtle on one side and a record on the other were issued by the stores for gift certificates. The stores also issued savings stamps with each purchase. Customers were able to collect stamps in green-and-yellow Turtle's stamp collector booklets. Once a customer completely filled a saving stamp booklet, the booklet could be turned-in for a $5.00 credit toward store purchases.
Owned and incorporated by Al Levenson in 1977, the chain was regional in nature, concentrated in Georgia and Florida. Levenson sold the chain to Clinton Holding Co. of White Plains, New York around 1983 although he still remained in charge of its operations. At the time of the sale, the chain consisted of 26 stores in the Atlanta metro area, but by October 1986 the business had expanded to 70 stores with locations in cities such as Birmingham, Alabama, Tallahassee, Jacksonville and Macon.
In 1989 Clinton sold the chain, now numbering more than 125 stores, to Super Club North America Corp., a subsidiary of Philips. Blockbuster purchased Super Club, including the Turtle's Records chain, in 1993. Over the succeeding four years, Turtle's stores were converted into Blockbuster Music stores or merged with stores that Blockbuster owned at the time of the purchase of the regional record seller.
# Cyrtodactylus angularis

Cyrtodactylus angularis, also known commonly as the angulated bow-fingered gecko or the angled forest gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Thailand.

## Geographic range

C. angularis is known from Saraburi Province, Thailand.

## Reproduction

C. angularis is oviparous.
# Cymbiola laminusa

Cymbiola laminusa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines.

## Original description

* Poppe G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Bail P. (2011) Notes on the genus Cymbiola in the Philippines, with the redefinition of Cymbiola cathcartiae Reeve, 1856 and the description of Cymbiola laminusa n.sp. Visaya 3(4): 76-87. [November 2011]
page(s): 76.
# Cérences

Cérences (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.

## International relations

Cérences is twinned with Bere Regis, United Kingdom.
# Cyrtodactylus cracens

Cyrtodactylus cracens is a species of gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka.

## Habitat and distribution

Cyrtodactylus cracens is known from and around the Sinharaja Forest Reserve.

## Description

Cyrtodactylus cracens can grow to a snout–vent length of at least 105 mm (4.1 in). Dorsal tubercles are flattened, and claws long. Scales under fourth toe 7–10. Mental subtriangular, midbody scale rows 26–32. About 6–8 rows of dorsal tubercles at midbody. Scales on venter imbricate to subimbricate, with rounded posterior edges. A single series of 5 pre-anal pores in a shallow pre-cloacal depression.

## Ecology and diet

Inhabits small, cave-like rocky areas adjoining forest streams as well as tree trunks in forests and a cardamon plantation (former C. subsolanus).