OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daniel Halberstam

Daniel H. Halberstam (born 1966 or 1967) is a German-American legal scholar focusing on comparative constitutional law, transnational law and European law. Halberstam is the Eric Stein Collegiate Professor of Law and Director of the European Legal Studies Program at the University of Michigan Law School. He is also professor at College of Europe.
Halberstam earned his B.A. summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, in mathematics from Columbia University and his J.D. from Yale Law School where he served as an articles editor of the Yale Law Journal. He then served as a law clerk to Judge Patricia Wald of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit and for Justice David Souter of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Halberstam is married to Ellen D. Katz, also a professor at the University of Michigan Law School.
# A. Alan Middleton

Arthur Alan Middleton is a professor of physics and the associate dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Syracuse University. He is known for his work in the fields of disordered materials such as random magnets, spin glasses, and interfaces in a random environment, transport in disordered materials, interface motion, and colloidal assemblies, condensed matter physics, statistical physics, and computational physics, connections between algorithm dynamics, computer science analyses, algorithms for efficient simulation of complex dynamics, including heuristic coarse graining for glassy materials.

## Education

Middleton earned his bachelor's in mathematics and physics with distinction at Harvey Mudd College in 1984. He received Churchill Scholarship and moved to Cambridge University where he earned a certificate of advanced study. He also received the NSF-GRFP grant from the National Science Foundation in 1984. Middleton joined Princeton University in 1986 and earned a PhD in physics in October 1990.

## Career

In 1990, Middleton started postdoctoral research associate in the physics department at Syracuse. From 1992 to 1994, he was a visiting scientist at the NEC Research Institute in Princeton, New Jersey.
He joined the department of physics, Syracuse University, in 1995 as an assistant professor and became a full professor in 2008. He served as the department chair from 2013 to 2017. Middleton was named the associate dean of the College of Arts and Sciences in 2017.
Middleton formulated the Biham–Middleton–Levine traffic model along with Ofer Biham and Dov Levine in 1992.

## Awards

Middleton was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2010 for "his innovative numerical studies of the dynamical and static properties of disordered condensed matter systems, including charge density waves, spin glasses and disordered elastic media".
He received the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship in 1995.
Middleton was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2016.
# Goodwin, Alberta

Goodwin is a locality in Alberta, Canada.
Goodwin was the name of local cattlemen in the 1920s.
# Frank Wilcoxon

Frank Wilcoxon (2 September 1892 – 18 November 1965) was a chemist and statistician, known for the development of several statistical tests.

## Education and career

Frank Wilcoxon was born to American parents on 2 September 1892 in County Cork, Ireland. He grew up in Catskill, New York, but received part of his education in England. In 1917, he graduated from Pennsylvania Military College with a B.Sc. After the First World War he entered graduate studies, first at Rutgers University, where he was awarded an M.S. in chemistry in 1921, and then at Cornell University, gaining a Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1924.
Wilcoxon entered a research career, working at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research from 1925 to 1941. He then moved to the Atlas Powder Company, where he designed and directed the Control Laboratory, before joining the American Cyanamid Company in 1943. During this time he developed an interest in inferential statistics through the study of Ronald Fisher's 1925 text, Statistical Methods for Research Workers. He retired in 1957.

## Research

Over his career Wilcoxon published over 70 papers. His most well-known paper contained the two new statistical tests that still bear his name, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. These are non-parametric alternatives to the unpaired and paired Student's t-tests respectively. He died on November 18, 1965.
# Wanzwil

Wanzwil is a municipality in the district of Wangen in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
On January 1, 2009, the municipalities of Wanzwil and Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee became part of the municipality of Heimenhausen.

## Geography

Before the merger, Wanzwil has an area of 0.6 km$^2$ (0.23 sq mi). Of this area, 58.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 27% is forested. The rest of the land, (14.3%) is settled.

## Demographics

Before the merger, Wanzwil had a population (as of 2007) of 208, of which 6.3% are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -13.3%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (86.3%), with Italian being second most common ( 5.8%) and Albanian being third ( 2.9%).
In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 45.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (15.3%), the SPS (14%) and the Green Party (10.3%).
The age distribution of the population (as of 2000) is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.3%. In Wanzwil about 70.7% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule).
Wanzwil has an unemployment rate of 0.64%. As of 2005, there were 10 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 3 businesses involved in this sector. 12 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 3 businesses in this sector. 8 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 4 businesses in this sector.
# Glenthorne National Park–Ityamaiitpinna Yarta

Glenthorne National Park–Ityamaiitpinna Yarta is a South Australian national park in the southern Adelaide suburb of O'Halloran Hill, 16 km (9.9 mi) south of the city centre.
The park opened to the public in November 2020, and as of 2021 O'Halloran Hill Recreation Park is in the process of transitioning to become part of it. It includes the nearby Glenthorne Estate, and will connect with other parks and parcels of land in Adelaide's south to form the Glenthorne Precinct. These include Hallett Cove Conservation Park, Marino Conservation Park, areas of the Field River Valley and the Happy Valley Reservoir.
The Kaurna people are the traditional owners of the greater Adelaide region, including this area, and still maintain a deep relationship with Country, which they have done for tens of thousands of years through their customs and Tjukurpa. Tjukurpa, which includes cultural stories and lore, will profoundly influence the way the Glenthorne National Park-Ityamaiitpinna Yarta is managed.
The park includes important grey box grassy woodland, and more than 90 species of birds have been spotted within its boundaries, including:
* Adelaide rosella - Platycercus elegans adelaidae
* Grey fantail - Rhipidura albiscapa
* Kookaburra - Dacelo novaeguineae
* Willie wagtail - Rhipidura leucophrys
* Yellow-tailed black cockatoo - Calyptorhynchus funereus
* Yellow-faced honeyeater - Lichenostomus chrysops
# Death of a Sideman

Death of a Sideman is an album by David Murray which was released on the Japanese DIW label in 1992. It features performances by Murray, trumpeter Bobby Bradford, pianist Dave Burrell, bassist Fred Hopkins and drummer Ed Blackwell of a set of compositions by Bradford.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Brian Olewnick awarded the album 4 stars stating "Death of a Sideman is one of the stronger efforts in Murray's mature catalog, thanks in no small part to the presence and guiding hand of Bobby Bradford. Recommended.".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

* "Have You Seen Sideman?" - 9:01
* "Woodshedetude" - 5:30
* "Waiting for Thelonious" - 10:36
* "A Little Pain" - 6:15
* "Sidesteps" - 6:56
* "The Gates of Hell" - 6:51
* "Bosom of Abraham" - 7:31
* "Have You Seen Sideman?" - 5:10
    All compositions by Bobby Bradford
** Recorded 1991

## Personnel

* David Murray – tenor saxophone, bass clarinet
* Bobby Bradford – trumpet
* Dave Burrell – piano
* Fred Hopkins – bass
* Ed Blackwell – drums
# Dunbar River

The Dunbar River (Popple River) is a river of Minnesota.
# DVBS

DVBS may refer to
* Developing Virtue Secondary School, a Buddhist school in Talmage, California
* DVB-S, the abbreviation for "Digital Video Broadcasting — Satellite"
# Goodwin, Nebraska

Goodwin is an unincorporated community in Dakota County, Nebraska, United States.

## History

Goodwin was established in 1892. It was named for John C. Goodwin, a railroad official. A post office was established at Goodwin in 1892, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1940.
# Franz Oppenheimer (art collector)

Franz Oppenheimer (1 August 1871 – 26 April 1950) was a German businessman and art collector who assembled a large and significant collection of early 18th century Meissen porcelain at his home in Berlin, Germany.

## Career

Franz Oppenheimer was born the son of Ruben Leopold Oppenheimer and Rebecka Loeb in Hamburg on 1 August 1871. After qualifying as a lawyer, he joined Emanuel Friedlaender & Co, a business operating coal mines in Silesia, and rose to be managing director.
In the 1920s, Oppenheimer assembled a collection of around 500 items of Meissen porcelain at his home near the Tiergarten in Berlin: some of the more important items had originally been commissioned by Augustus the Strong for display in the Japanisches Palais in Dresden.
After the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, Oppenheimer and his wife fled from Berlin to the comparative safety of Vienna in December 1936. Just before the Anschluss in March 1938, they travelled to Budapest and on, via Sweden and Columbia, to New York where they arrived in December 1941. Oppenheimer lived in retirement in an apartment in East 86th Street and died in New York on 26 April 1950.

## The Oppenheimer collection

Oppenheimer's collection of around 500 items of Meissen Porcelain was professionally catalogued in 1927. After Oppenheimer and his wife fled Berlin in December 1936, a significant part of the collection was acquired by the banker and art collector, Fritz Mannheimer. Following Mannheimer's death in August 1939, his bank, Mendelssohn & Co., immediately ceased trading and the personal assets of Mannheimer and those of Mendelssohn & Co. were liquidated. The collection was then expropriated by Kajetan Mühlmann on behalf of the Nazi Government for display in the proposed Führermuseum. It was then taken to Vyšší Brod Monastery and, from there, to storage in an underground salt mine near Bad Aussee.
After the Second World War, the collection was recovered by the so-called Monuments Men and taken to the Munich Central Collecting Point from where it was sent to the Netherlands where it was dispersed between the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, the Kunstmuseum in The Hague and the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam. In October 2019, the Dutch Restitution Commission recommended that the collection be restituted to the heirs of Franz and Margarete Oppenheimer and a group of 117 chinoiserie items, including a large mantel clock case made for Augustus the Strong and dated 1727 was auctioned, on their behalf, by Sotheby's in New York in September 2021.
One art expert, Alfredo Reyes, claimed that the auction of the Oppenheimer Collection was the most significant sale of a porcelain collection since the sale of Maurice de Rothschild's collection at Christie's in the late 1970s. The auction raised US$ 15 million and more than half of the items were bought back by the Rijksmuseum.

## Family

Oppenheimer married Margarete Grete Knapp on 27 March 1902; they had two children, Marie Louise and Franz Karl.
# Glenthorne

Glenthorne (grid reference SS800497) is a 13.3 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in the parish of Oare within the Exmoor National Park, on the border of Somerset and Devon, notified in 1989.
Glenthorne is a Geological Conservation Review site because of the Trentishoe Formation of the Hangman Sandstone Group. The Hangman Sandstone represents the Middle Devonian sequence of North Devon and Somerset. These are unusual freshwater deposits in the Hangman Grits, which were mainly formed in desert conditions.
# Aigar Leok

Aigar Leok (born 9 August 1985) is an Estonian motorcycle racer.
He was born in Võru. His father is motorcycle racer Aivar Leok. His cousin is motorcycle racer Tanel Leok.
He has studied at the University of Tartu's Institute of Physical Education.
He is involved with motorsport since 1990, at first coached by his father. In 1999 he won gold medal at European Championships. 2003–2009 he was a member of Estonian national motocross team. He is multiple-times Estonian champion in different motorcycling disciplines.
In 2012, 2013 and 2015, he was named as Best Motorsport Personnel of Estonia.
# Wilhelm Gmelin

Wilhelm Gmelin (14 April 1891 – 9 December 1978) was a German football goalkeeper. He played club football with Eintracht Frankfurt and its predecessor clubs.

## Career

Goalkeeper Gmelin started his first team career in 1907 at Frankfurter FC Victoria 1899. Four years later Victoria merged with fellow Frankfurt club Frankfurter Kickers to form Frankfurter FV (Kickers-Victoria). Another nine years later another club merger formed Eintracht Frankfurt. In 1911–12 Gmelin's team only lost 2 of 23 matches, securing the Nordkreis championship and the qualification for the South German championship. In encounters with SpVgg Fürth, Karlsruher FV and Phönix Mannheim Frankfurter FC Victoria 1899 could only achieve two draws. In 1912–13 Victoria won the Nordkreis title once more and participated in another South German championship round where the Frankfurt club closely missed out the first spot that would have allowed playing the 1913 German championship. In the next season Gmelin's Victoria won the 3rd Nordkreis league in a row and another runners-up finish in the South German round. After the outbreak of World War I football fixtures were stopped. After the war many former football players met to revive competitive football. In 1920 and 1921 Gmelin won the Nordmain championship with Eintracht before hanging up his boots.
Wilhelm Gmelin was honorary captain at Eintracht Frankfurt.

## Honours

* Nordkreis-Liga
** Champion: 1911–12, 1912–13, 1913–14
* Kreisliga Nordmain
** Winner: 1919–20, 1920–21
** Runner-up: 1921–22

## Sources

* Matheja, Ulrich (2011). Unsere Eintracht - Eintracht Frankfurt - Die Chronik. Die Werkstatt. ISBN 978-3-89533-750-5.
# USS Kaula

USS Kaula (AG-33) was built in 1938 by Henry Robb Ltd, in Leith, Scotland. She was acquired by the U.S. Navy as Cubahama 3 January 1941 from her owner, Balboa Shipping Company of New York and renamed Kaula 15 January then commissioned at Baltimore, Maryland 22 January.
Sailing to Hampton Roads, Virginia, 25 January, Kaula departed 4 February for Hawaii, via the Panama Canal and the West Coast, reaching Pearl Harbor 17 March. Prior to the outbreak of war in the Pacific, she carried cargo from Pearl Harbor and Honolulu to various islands in the Hawaiian chain and to Johnston and Palmyra Islands. During the Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor 7 December, she was en route to Palmyra Island.
Throughout the war with the Japanese Empire, Kaula operated out of Pearl Harbor and Honolulu to principal Hawaiian Islands and to outlying islands west to Midway and south to Palmyra. Usually sailing in convoy, she ranged the Hawaiian Sea frontier carrying military equipment, ammunition, and contingents of Seabees until she sailed for the United States on 18 May 1945, arriving at Seattle, Washington on 26 May.
Following 2 months of overhaul, Kaula departed Seattle 31 July on the first of several voyages to Alaska. Assigned to the 13th Naval District, she steamed for the US Coast Guard to Ketchikan, Juneau, Seward, Kodiak, and Dutch Harbor before returning to Seattle 18 September. She operated in Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca before steaming to Blake Island Anchorage, Washington, 6 December and decommissioning 14 January 1946. Struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 12 March, Kaula was transferred to the Maritime Commission 15 July for sale to her former owner.
# Mitoc, Orhei

Mitoc is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
# Calvin Krime

Calvin Krime was a hardcore band in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during the late 1990s. The trio formed in 1995 when Sean Tillmann, Jon Kelson, and Jason Ralph met at Perpich Center for Arts Education while in their teens. Signed to Amphetamine Reptile, their primary audience was in the punk and noise scene dominant in South Minneapolis at the time. Usually, Calvin Krime was booked in smaller venues and often at house parties. During their three-and-a-half years together, they released two albums (Dress for the Future and You're Feeling So Attractive) and an EP (3x3x3 1/2). The group disbanded in 1998. Afterwards, all the members went on to other bands, including Sean Tillmann, who went on first to Sean Na Na and then to his persona as Har Mar Superstar.
Eleven years after their break-up, Calvin Krime played a reunion show at the Uptown Bar in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on September 13, 2009. Tillmann, Kelson and Ralph also reunited to play The Amphetamine Reptile 25th Anniversary gala on August 29, 2010.

## Members

* Sean Tillmann bass, vocals, keyboard
* Jon Kelson guitar, vocals
* Jason Ralph drums

## Discography

* Calvin Krime - Pretty in Pink 7-inch (1995)
* Calvin Krime - Kids Incarcerated 7-inch (1996)
* Calvin Krime - Dress for the Future (1997) Amphetamine Reptile
* Calvin Krime - You're Feeling So Attractive (1998) Amphetamine Reptile
* Calvin Krime - 3x3x3 1/2 (1998) Polyvinyl
* Calvin Krime - Dope-Guns-N'-Fucking in the Streets, Vol. 11 compilation Amphetamine Reptile

## Related bands

* Har Mar Superstar
* Seaquest
* Sean Na Na
* Shotgun Monday
# Bookmark (disambiguation)

A bookmark is used to keep one's place in a printed work. It can also refer to:
* Bookmark (digital), a pointer in a web browser and other software
* Bookmarks (album), 2013 album by Five for Fighting
* Bookmarks (magazine), an American literary magazine
* Bookmark (TV series), a BBC Two TV series
* Bookmarks (TV program), an educational television show on Netflix
* Bookmarks (bookshop), a socialist bookshop in London
* Bookmark Biosphere Reserve, South Australia
* Bookmarking, method of genetic communication
* Enterprise bookmarking, a method of applying tags to data and content to improve enterprise search
* Social bookmarking, a method for internet users to store, organize, and share links to web pages
* Book Marks, a review aggregation website of Literary Hub
* Bookmark, a television show on PBS from 1989 to 1991 hosted by Lewis H. Lapham
# Franz Pachl

Franz Pachl (born 8 January 1951) is a German chess grandmaster of the FIDE. He was also German champion of minigolf.

## Early life

Pachl was born in Ludwigshafen am Rhein. While he played correspondence chess in 1975, he subscribed to the magazine Schach-Echo. Schach-Echo's problem column interested Pachl in chess composition.

## Chess

At a problem solver's meeting in Ludwigshafen in 1975, he met Hermann Weißauer. Weißauer mentored Pachl, teaching him about chess composition while helping him publish his first problem, a twomover, in 1976. He specialized in twomovers and helpmates. In 1988, when Pachl and Markus Manhardt became acquainted, he became interested in fairy chess.
As of December 2005, he had published around 848 compositions (364 helpmates, 269 twomovers and 163 fairy problems), winning 193 prizes, 186 honorable mentions and 139 commendations. More than 300 compositions were co-productions.
Pachl became International master of the FIDE for chess composition in 1989. The Grandmaster title was awarded in September 2005. He is an international judge of the FIDE for twomovers and helpmates.
He wrote a book about chess composition in 1999.

## Minigolf

In his youth, Pachl played table tennis in a club. In 1973 he started playing minigolf, becoming German champion and in 1981 and 1982 vice champion (single). He won the team title six times.

## Personal life

Pachl is the oldest child in has family among three siblings. For more than 30 years he worked as a clerk (merchant) at BASF. He is married and has a son.

## Sources

* Hermann Weißauer: Franz Pachl & Udo Degener, Problem-Forum special issue December 2005
# Aiganothrips

Aiganothrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae.

## Species

* Aiganothrips hystrix
# Wilhelm Gliese

Wilhelm Gliese (German pronunciation:, English GLEE-zə; 21 June 1915 – 12 June 1993) was a German astronomer who specialized in the study and cataloging of nearby stars.

## Life

Gliese was born in Goldberg, now in Polish Silesia, the son of judge Wilhelm Gliese. He worked at the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, first in Berlin and then in Heidelberg. While a student he was encouraged by the Dutch astronomer Peter van de Kamp to study nearby stars, which he did for the rest of his life.
His astronomical research was interrupted during World War II when he was conscripted into the German Wehrmacht in 1942 and sent to the Eastern Front. In 1945, he was taken prisoner by the Soviets and was not released until 1949. He finally resumed his research at the Institute, which had been moved by the U.S. Army to Heidelberg after the war. Although he nominally retired in 1980, he continued his research at the Institute until his death in 1993.

## Catalogs of nearby stars

He is best known for his Catalogue of Nearby Stars, originally published in 1957 and again in 1969. Some stars are primarily known by the catalog number he gave them, such as Gliese 581 and Gliese 710. The Gliese catalog stars are frequent targets of study due to their proximity to Earth, as suggested by their high proper motion. Gliese published two supplements to this catalog in 1979 and 1991 in collaboration with Hartmut Jahreiß. Jahreiß wrote Gliese's obituary upon his death in 1993.

## Honors

The asteroid 1823 Gliese, discovered by astronomer Karl Reinmuth in 1951, was named after Wilhelm Gliese.
# Daniel Otto Isaachsen

Daniel Otto Christian Isaachsen (22 August 1806 – 9 December 1891) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician.
He was born in 1806 as the son of wealthy businessman Daniel Isaachsen and his second wife Hanne Susanne Nideros. He married a Laura Pedersen. He was the half-brother of Peder and Isaach Isaachsen.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1839, representing the constituency of Christianssand. He worked as a businessman and consul there.
# Mitochondria (song)

"Mitochondria" is Kenichi Suzumura's third single, released on February 4, 2009. It came with a disc with the PV of the title track "Mitochondria", and peaked at #20 on the Oricon charts.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Kenichi Suzumura
# Goran Živkov

Goran Živkov (Serbian Cyrillic: Горан Живков; born 1971 in Kikinda, Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian politician.
On June 20, 2006 he was appointed as the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management in the Government of Serbia and resigned on October 1. He graduated from the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Belgrade in 1996.
Before becoming minister he worked as the advisor in Federal Ministry of Agriculture, then he became head of the Unit for Genetic Resources and GMO. He worked as national consultant at the office of the Food and Agriculture Organisation. He was appointed assistant minister of agriculture in June 2004.
He replaced Ivana Dulić-Marković at the position, after she was elected for the Deputy Prime Minister in June 2006.
# Borogothus

Borogothus is an extinct genus of trilobite arthropod. It lived during the Arenig stage of the Ordovician Period, approximately 478 to 471 million years ago.