OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Esko

Esko is a Finnish masculine given name and surname.

## Given name

People with the given name include:
* Esko Aho (born 1954), former Prime Minister of Finland
* Esko Ahonen (born 1955), Finnish politician
* Esko Almgren (born 1932), Finnish politician
* Esko Elstelä (1931–2007), Finnish screenwriter and film director
* Esko Hamilo (born 1945), Finnish diplomat
* Esko Hillebrandt (born 1962), Finnish rower
* Esko Järvinen (1907–1976), Finnish skier
* Esko Jussila (born 1934), Finnish skier
* Esko Kaonpää (1942–2002), Finnish ice hockey player
* Esko Karhunen (1928–2016), Finnish basketball player
* Esko Karu (1946–2003), Canadian skier
* Esko Kiviranta (born 1950), Finnish politician
* Esko Kovero (born 1958), Finnish actor
* Esko Kunnamo (1929–2014), Finnish diplomat
* Esko Laine (born 1961), Finnish double-bassist and educator
* Esko Lähtevänoja (born 1953), Finnish skier
* Esko Luostarinen (born 1935), Finnish ice hockey player
* Esko Lyytikkä (1929–1997), Finnish rower
* Esko Malm (born 1940), Finnish footballer
* Esko Marttinen (born 1938), Finnish biathlete
* Esko Mikkola (born 1975), Finnish javelin thrower
* Esko Nevalainen (1925–2008), Finnish cinematographer
* Esko Niemi (1934–2013), Finnish ice hockey player
* Esko Nikkari (1938–2006), Finnish actor
* Esko Niskanen (1928–2013), Finnish politician
* Esko Rajakoski (1934–2002), Finnish diplomat
* Esko Ranta (born 1947), Finnish footballer
* Esko Rautionaho (born 1950), Finnish ski jumper
* Esko Rechardt (born 1958), Finnish sport sailor
* Esko Rekomaa (1932–1985), Finnish ice hockey player
* Esko Saira (born 1938), Finnish biathlete
* Esko Salminen (born 1940), Finnish actor
* Esko Salminen (field hockey) (1920–1998), Finnish field hockey player
* Esko Seppänen (born 1946), Finnish politician
* Esko Silvennoinen (1931–2020), Finnish field hockey player
* Esko Tie (1928–2002), Finnish ice hockey player
* Esko Tommola (1930–2008), Finnish newsreader
* Esko Töyri (1915-1992), Finnish cinematographer and film director
* Esko Ukkonen (born 1950), Finnish computer scientist
* Esko Vaartela (1927–1983), Finnish diplomat
* Esko Valkama (1924–2007), Finnish footballer
* Esko Valtaoja (born 1951), Finnish astronomer and writer

## Surname

People with the surname include:
* Edward Esko (1950–2021), American macrobiotic diet advocate
* Jeffrey Esko, American biochemist
* Mikko Esko (born 1978), Finnish volleyball player
# International Accreditation Council for Business Education

The International Accreditation Council for Business Education (IACBE), formerly the International Assembly for Collegiate Business Education, is an educational accreditation agency for college and university business programs founded in 1997. It is recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) programmatic accrediting organization.

## Accreditation scope

The IACBE accredits associate's, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral-level degree programs in business and business-related fields at institutions with bachelor's and/or graduate degree programs throughout the world. It is based in Olathe, Kansas, United States, with member institutions in more than 20 countries throughout the world. Business programs are evaluated based on the IACBE's accreditation principles, which examine eight major areas: outcomes assessment, strategic planning, curriculum, faculty, scholarly and professional activities, resources, internal and external relationships, and educational innovation.

## History

The organization was established in 1997 by John L. Green, who earlier founded the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs. Following his retirement in June 2011, he was named as President Emeritus by the IACBE's Board of Directors. Dennis N. Gash, formerly Associate Professor of Economics at Jamestown College was appointed as the new IACBE President as of July 1, 2011.
The Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), whose recognition is accepted by the U.S. Department of Education, recognized IACBE as an accreditor in January 2011 as a result of a January 24, 2011, vote by the CHEA board of directors. IACBE first applied for CHEA recognition in 2003.
In 2017, it officially changed its name to International Accreditation Council for Business Education. In 2021, CHEA reaffirmed the recognition for additional seven years.
# Verrijn Stuartweg metro station

Verrijn Stuartweg is an Amsterdam Metro station in Diemen, Netherlands. It is located on the border of the industrial area and on the other side the former office district, now residential area, Bergwijkpark and Holland Park.
# Advanced z-transform

In mathematics and signal processing, the advanced z-transform is an extension of the z-transform, to incorporate ideal delays that are not multiples of the sampling time. The advanced z-transform is widely applied, for example, to accurately model processing delays in digital control. It is also known as the modified z-transform.
It takes the form
    $F(z,m)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }f(kT+m)z^{-k}$
where
* T is the sampling period
* m (the "delay parameter") is a fraction of the sampling period $[0,T].$

## Properties

If the delay parameter, m, is considered fixed then all the properties of the z-transform hold for the advanced z-transform.

### Linearity

    ${\mathcal {Z}}\left\{\sum _{k=1}^{n}c_{k}f_{k}(t)\right\}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}c_{k}F_{k}(z,m).$

### Time shift

    ${\mathcal {Z}}\left\{u(t-nT)f(t-nT)\right\}=z^{-n}F(z,m).$

### Damping

    ${\mathcal {Z}}\left\{f(t)e^{-a\,t}\right\}=e^{-a\,m}F(e^{a\,T}z,m).$

### Time multiplication

    ${\mathcal {Z}}\left\{t^{y}f(t)\right\}=\left(-Tz{\frac {d}{dz}}+m\right)^{y}F(z,m).$

### Final value theorem

    $\lim _{k\to \infty }f(kT+m)=\lim _{z\to 1}(1-z^{-1})F(z,m).$

## Example

Consider the following example where $f(t)=\cos(\omega t)$:
    ${\begin{aligned}F(z,m)&={\mathcal {Z}}\left\{\cos \left(\omega \left(kT+m\right)\right)\right\}\\&={\mathcal {Z}}\left\{\cos(\omega kT)\cos(\omega m)-\sin(\omega kT)\sin(\omega m)\right\}\\&=\cos(\omega m){\mathcal {Z}}\left\{\cos(\omega kT)\right\}-\sin(\omega m){\mathcal {Z}}\left\{\sin(\omega kT)\right\}\\&=\cos(\omega m){\frac {z\left(z-\cos(\omega T)\right)}{z^{2}-2z\cos(\omega T)+1}}-\sin(\omega m){\frac {z\sin(\omega T)}{z^{2}-2z\cos(\omega T)+1}}\\&={\frac {z^{2}\cos(\omega m)-z\cos(\omega (T-m))}{z^{2}-2z\cos(\omega T)+1}}.\end{aligned}}$
If $m=0$ then $F(z,m)$ reduces to the transform
    $F(z,0)={\frac {z^{2}-z\cos(\omega T)}{z^{2}-2z\cos(\omega T)+1}},$
which is clearly just the z-transform of $f(t)$.
# Peleng lens

Peleng 3.5/8A is an 8 mm super-wideangle circular fisheye photographic lens, and is designed as an interchangeable lens for Canon, Nikon, Pentax, Olympus digital or film cameras which have or do not have the instant-return diaphragm automatic control device. The lens has a variable diaphragm from f/3.5 to f/16. The lens has antireflective coating. This lens casts a 24mm image circle on a 24x36mm frame. It occupies only part of frame 24x36 and fits in a small side of a frame with a small cutting along the edges. The geometric centers of the image and the frame coincide.

## Gallery

* The Flatiron Building, shot with the lens pointed nearly straight up
* A mountaintop view, shot with the lens pointed nearly straight down
# Friedrich Spitta

Friedrich Spitta (11 January 1852 – 7 June 1924) was a German Protestant theologian.

## Biography

Spitta was born at Wittingen, Lower Saxony, the son of German hymn writer Karl Johann Philipp Spitta and brother of Philipp (music historian and musicologist best known for his biography of Johann Sebastian Bach). Friedrich studied at the universities of Göttingen and Erlangen, where he was a pupil of Johann Christian Konrad von Hofmann. In the course of time he became (1887) professor ordinarius and university preacher at St. Thomas, Strasbourg. In 1901 he was appointed university rector. In 1919 he was named a professor at the University of Göttingen.
He had a keen interest in church music and the revival of liturgical life in German Protestantism. He was an associate of the composer, Elias Oechsler due to his interests. He revised a communion song from the early Reformation, "Im Frieden dein, o Herre mein". Most of his books dealt with the Apostles and the early Christian church. In 1896 he became joint editor, with Julius Smend, of the Monatschrift für Gottesdienst und kirchliche Kunst.

## Writings

Spitta is widely known as the author of a work on the Acts of the Apostles, Die Apostelgeschichte, ihre Quellen and deren geschichtlicher Wert ("Acts of the Apostles, their sources and historical value", 1891). His other works include:
* Der Knabe Jesus, eine biblische Geschichte and ihre apokryphischen Entstellungen (1883).
* Der zweite Brief der Petrus und der Brief der Judas (1885).
* Die Offenbarung des Johannes (1889).
* Zur Reform des evang. Kultus (1891).
* Zur Geschichte und Litteratur des Urchristentums (The history and literature of early Christianity; 3 volumes, 1893–1901) – considered to be his best known work.
* Die synoptische Grundschrift in ihrer Überlieferung durch das Lukasevangelium. (The Synoptic base narrative as preserved in the Gospel of Luke, Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, v. 1, Leipzig, 1912).
* Ein Lebensbild Jesu aus den drei ersten Evangelien: Deutsche Übersetzung der synoptischen Grundschrift in ihrer Überlieferung durch das Lukasevangelium (Life of Jesus from the first three Gospels: German translation of the Synoptic base narrative as preserved in the Gospel of Luke, Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs, 1912).
# Merinolandschaf

The Merinolandschaf or Württemberger is a breed of domestic sheep derived from the Merino. It constitutes about 30% of the sheep population of Germany and is the most common commercial breed. It descends from the Merino sheep first brought to Saxony in 1765.
In 2018 a population of 15,378 was reported to DAD-IS.
# Barrio Concha y Toro

Barrio Concha y Toro is a barrio in Santiago, Chile, with a medieval-like street plan influenced by the ideas of Camillo Sitte. The houses are built on the former site of the Díaz Gana Palace's park, which was divided into lots in 1915. The barrio's boundaries are defined by Brasil Avenue, Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Cumming Avenue, Romero Street, Maturana Street and Erasmo Escala Street.
# Gelechia chionomima

Gelechia chionomima is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in South Africa.
# Ferryboat Santa Rosa

Santa Rosa was a Steel Electric-class ferry built in Alameda, California, for Northwestern Pacific Railroad. She started out serving Southern Pacific Railways on their Golden Gate Ferries line on San Francisco Bay.
She was purchased by the Puget Sound Navigation Company in 1940, and moved to Puget Sound. Puget Sound Navigation Company, believing that a single ended ferry would be more economical and faster, replaced her engines and converted her to a single-ended ferry, effectively making her no longer a true Steel Electric-class ferry. She was also renamed MV Enetai, which is the name she kept when she was later acquired by Washington State Ferries who took over operations in 1951. The ferry was returned to San Francisco after her sale in 1968, but sat largely unused until purchased by Hornblower Cruises in 1989. Hornblower restored her aft wheelhouse in an attempt to make her look like her original profile from 1927, however the passenger cabin retained the remodeled outline from her 1941 single-end conversion. She is currently moored at Pier 3 in San Francisco, where she serves as office space for Hornblower's Northern California Operations and also as Corporate Headquarters for Hornblower's suite of companies which include:
* Hornblower Cruises & Events
* Alcatraz Cruises
* Statue Cruises
* Niagara Cruises
* Liberty Landing Ferry
* Hornblower Classic Cable Cars
* NYC Ferry Service
The Ferryboat Santa Rosa has since been retired from rental events.
# Kopai railway station

vteSahibganj loop :
Legend :
Kopai railway station is a railway station of Sahibganj loop line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Kaluraypur, Kopai in Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
# International Accreditation New Zealand

International Accreditation New Zealand (IANZ) is the accreditation body of the Testing Laboratory Registration Council in New Zealand. It is an autonomous Crown entity established by the Testing Laboratory Registration Council Act, 1972.
IANZ is a full member of the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) and the regional body, Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC). IANZ is also a signatory to the ILAC and APLAC Mutual Recognition Arrangements.

## Competence, reliability and confidence

Accreditation by International Accreditation New Zealand (IANZ) is the international process for assessing and recognising the technical competence and the effective quality processes of a professional service and its staff. Laboratories, radiology services and inspection bodies displaying the IANZ Accreditation mark follow the best international technical and management systems standards, including full compliance with relevant international standards.

## Definition of accreditation

Accreditation means formal recognition that a conformity assessment body (e.g. laboratory or inspection body) has been independently assessed by an authoritative accreditation body in the five key areas of:
* Competence and experience of staff
* Integrity and traceability of equipment and materials
* Technical validity of methods
* Validity and suitability of results
* Compliance with appropriate management systems standards and is found to be competent to carry out its services in a professional, reliable and efficient manner

## Christchurch City Council

With effect from 8 July 2013, Christchurch City Council has been stripped of its accreditation for issuing building consents. This comes in the middle of a rebuild period following the devastating February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. City Councillors found out earlier in June through the media that IANZ had written to Council and threatened to withdraw accreditation, with Council's chief executive officer, Tony Marryatt, replying that mayor "Parker and other councillors were kept in the dark because he was confident staff were addressing issues raised by IANZ, and that the June 28 deadline would be met."
# Devil May Care (horse)

Devil May Care (May 7, 2007 – May 4, 2011) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse.
Out of the mare Kelli's Ransom, Devil May Care was sired by Malibu Moon, a son of the multiple Grade I winner, A.P. Indy. She was owned by Glencrest Farms and trained by Todd Pletcher
Devil May Care won the Grade I Frizette Stakes at two. At three, she found her form again when she upset the favorite in the 2010 Bonnie Miss Stakes. Devil May Care was the only filly entered in the 2010 Kentucky Derby, going off at odds of 10:1. She finished 10th behind the winner Super Saver.
The daughter of Malibu Moon returned on June 26, 2010, to win the Mother Goose Stakes in fine style, covering the 1 1/16 distance in a record time of 1:42.06. Devil May Care was euthanized on May 4, 2011 after a confirmed diagnosis of lymphosarcoma, a form of cancer.

## Career statistics

| Finish | Jockey | Race | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | Time |
| 4th | John Velazquez | Alabama-G1 | Blind Luck | Havre de Grace | Acting Happy | 2:03.89 |
| 1st | John Velazquez | Coaching Club America | Devil May Care | Biofuel | Acting Happy | 1:49.42 |
| 1st | John Velazquez | Mother Goose-G1 | Devil May Care | Connie And Michael | Biofuel | 1:42.06 |
| 10th | John Velazquez | Kentucky Derby-G1 | Super Saver | Ice Box | Paddy O'Prado | 2:04.45 |
| 1st | John Velazquez | Bonnie Miss-G2 | Devil May Care | Amen Hallelujah | Joanie's Catch | 1:49.06 |
| 5th | Javier Castellano | Silverbulletday-G3 | Jody Slew | Quite Temper | Age Of Humor | 1:45.80 |
| 11th | John Velazquez | BC Juvenile Fillies-G1 | She Be Wild | Beautician | Blind Luck | 1:43.80 |
| 1st | John Velazquez | Frizette-G1 | Devil May Care | Awesome Maria | Nonna Mia | 1:35.07 |
| 1st | John Velazquez | Msw-G1 | Devil May Care | Katy Now | Vaporize | 1:11.65 |
# Valerian Dovgalevsky

Valerian Savelievich (Saulovich) Dovgalevsky (23 September 1885 – 14 July 1934) was a member of the Bolshevik revolutionary movement, Soviet statesman, diplomat and People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.
He was a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party since 1908 and the French Socialist Party since 1915.

## Biography

He participated in the revolutionary movement since 1904. In 1906, he was arrested and sentenced to an eternal settlement. In the spring of 1908 however, he fled abroad.
* 1908–1910 – Secretary of the Bolshevik group in Liège (Belgium);
* 1911–1914 – Secretary of the Bolshevik group in Toulouse (France);
* Graduated from the Electrotechnical Institute in Toulouse in 1913.
In July 1917, he returned to Russia and in 1918, he joined the Red Army.
* 1919–1920 – in the People's Commissariat of Railways of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic;
* 1920 – Member of the Commission of the Council of Labor and Defense of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic for the restoration of roads in Siberia and the Urals;
* 1920 – communications inspector and commissar of the district engineering department in Kiev;
* 1921–1923 – People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic;
* 1923–1924 – Deputy People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs of the Soviet Union;
* 1924–1927 – Plenipotentiary Representative of the Soviet Union in Sweden;
* March – October 1927 – Plenipotentiary Representative of the Soviet Union in Japan;
* 1927–1934 – Plenipotentiary Representative of the Soviet Union in France.
In October 1929, he signed a protocol in London on the restoration of Soviet–British diplomatic relations, which were severed in May 1927. In November 1932, he signed the Soviet–French Non–Aggression Pact. Since 1933, he took part in the work of the conference on disarmament in Geneva.
He died on 14 July 1934, in a clinic near Paris from intestinal cancer. Condolences over his death were expressed by President Albert Lebrun and Foreign Minister Louis Barthou. He was cremated at the Père Lachaise crematorium. The urn with his ashes was delivered by plane to Moscow and buried in the Necropolis Near the Kremlin Wall.
# Compression of morbidity

The compression of morbidity in public health is a hypothesis put forth by James Fries, professor of medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine. The hypothesis was supported by a 1998 study of 1700 University of Pennsylvania alumni over a period of 20 years.
Fries' hypothesis is that the burden of lifetime illness may be compressed into a shorter period before the time of death, if the age of onset of the first chronic infirmity can be postponed. This hypothesis contrasts to the view that as the age of countries' populations tends to increase over time, they will become increasingly infirm and consume an ever-larger proportion of the national budget in healthcare costs.
Fries posited that if the hypothesis is confirmed, healthcare costs and patient health overall will be improved. In order to confirm this hypothesis, the evidence must show that it is possible to delay the onset of infirmity, and that corresponding increases in longevity will at least be modest. The evidence is at best mixed. Vincent Mor's "The Compression of Morbidity Hypothesis: A Review of Research and Prospects for the Future" argues that "Cross-national evidence for the validity of the compression of morbidity hypothesis originally proposed by Fries is generally accepted. Generational improvements in education and the increased availability of adaptive technologies and even medical treatments that enhance quality of life have facilitated continued independence of older persons in the industrialized world. Whether this trend continues may depend upon the effect of the obesity epidemic on the next generation of older people." See also "Mortality and Morbidity Trends: Is There Compression of Morbidity?" for recent evidence against the hypothesis. There may also be age versus cohort effects.
# Barrio Cópola

Barrio Cópola is a barrio of La Paz in the Canelones Department of southern Uruguay.

## Geography
### Location

The barrio is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of La Paz just across the lake known as Canteras de La Paz.

## Population

In 2011 Barrio Cópola had a population of 826.
| Year | Population |
| 1963 | 466 |
| 1975 | 620 |
| 1985 | 651 |
| 1996 | 799 |
| 2004 | 780 |
| 2011 | 826 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay
# General Keppel

General Keppel may refer to:
* George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle (1724–1772), British Army colonel general
* George Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle (1799–1891), British Army general
* William Keppel (British Army officer, born 1727) (1727–1782), British Army lieutenant general
* William Keppel (British Army officer, died 1834), British Army general
# Fibulacamptus gracilior

Fibulacamptus gracilior is a species of harpacticoid copepod in the family Canthocamptidae. It is found in Australia.
The IUCN conservation status of Fibulacamptus gracilior is "VU", vulnerable. The species faces a high risk of endangerment in the medium term. The IUCN status was reviewed in 1996.
# Esther Warkov (activist)

Esther Warkov is an American activist and researcher who has authored books and articles on music and ethnomusicology. She and her husband Joel Levin co-founded a national nonprofit Stop Sexual Assault in Schools (SSAIS).

## Activism

Warkov and Levin started SSAIS in 2015 after their daughter was raped on a school field trip. The nonprofit educates K-12 students and parents about Title IX protections and how to advocate for safe schools free from the damaging effects of sexual harassment and assault. As the first national nonprofit dedicated to educating the public about K-12 sexual harassment, SSAIS drew wide national attention, appearing in over 200 media reports. In January 2018, SSAIS launched the #MeTooK12 spinoff of the #MeToo movement to raise awareness of the widespread prevalence of sexual harassment in K-12 schools.

## Musical research

Warkov has published many scholarly articles, recordings, articles, and reviews on how music is related to society, especially music from Irish, Welsh, and Middle Eastern cultures. Her work is featured on the Jewish Music Research Centre website. Her music research and musical recordings have been cited in several academic books and papers.

## Biography

Warkov graduated from high school when she was 16 and has three music degrees: a bachelor's degree in music from the University of California, a Fulbright scholar with a master's degree in music from the University of Wales, and also a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Israel with a specialty in Middle Eastern music. She has received many fellowships and awards, including a National Endowment for the Arts grant for 'ud study. For many years she also worked as an independent music instructor.
# Diandongosaurus

Diandongosaurus is an extinct genus of eosauropterygian known from the lower Middle Triassic (Anisian age) of Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It is known from the holotype IVPP V 17761, a complete and articulated skeleton with skull, which was found in the middle Triassic Lagerstätte of the Guanling Formation. It was first named by Qing-Hua Shang, Xiao-Chun Wu, Chun Li in 2011 and the type species is Diandongosaurus acutidentatus. A referred specimen suggests a total body length of 34 cm (13 in).