OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Concordia Student Union

The Concordia Student Union (usually referred to as the CSU) is the organization representing all undergraduate students at Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Its membership totals around 35,000+ undergraduate students. It is governed by a council elected by students.

## History
### Origin

The CSU was originally named the Concordia University Students' Association (CUSA). It was incorporated in 1982 as the Concordia University Students' Association Inc. The name was changed to Concordia Student Union Inc. in 1994 and the "Inc." was dropped from the name in 2002.

### Accreditation

In 2001, CSU undertook an accreditation drive, to legally represent all undergraduate students at Concordia, and was successful in its endeavour, though heavily opposed by the accredited faculty undergraduate student associations for Engineering and Commerce.
# GYN

GYN may refer to:
* Gyn, a lifting device on sailing ships
* Guyanese Creole
* Gynaecology
* Santa Genoveva Airport, serving Goiânia, Brazil
# Östra Bröta Nature Reserve

Östra Bröta Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in Botkyrka Municipality close to Stockholm, Sweden.
The nature reserve consists of two parts, an area of woodland consisting of old-growth pine and spruce forest, and a small ravine surrounded by marshy woodland. It contains several red-listed species of moss and the old-growth forest is one of relatively few remaining such woods in the area.
# Daia (Homorod)

The Daia is a right tributary of the river Homorodul Mare in Romania. It flows into the Homorodul Mare in Orășeni. Its length is 9 km (5.6 mi). Its basin size is 28 km$^2$ (11 sq mi).
# Laura van Pappelendam

Laura Peternellie Van Pappelendam (1883–1974) was an American painter and teacher. She was Professor Emeritus at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.

## Biography

Laura Peternellie Van Pappelendam was born in Keokuk, Iowa on February 10, 1883. Van Pappelendam was the daughter of Alice (née McCullough) and John Bernard Van Pappelendam. She moved to Chicago to study at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (formally Art Institute of Chicago), from 1904 to 1911.
During the summers of 1920 to 1927 and 1950 to 1955, she painted in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In the late 1930s she spent summers in Mexico, studying under Diego Rivera.
She taught at the Art Institute of Chicago from 1909 to 1959; and well as the University of Chicago from 1918 to 1948. She exhibited at the Art Institute Annuals, with the Chicago Society of Artists and at the Arts Club and Renaissance Society.
Van Pappelendam died in Norwalk, California on her birthday, February 10, 1974.
# Vincent Fayks Airstrip

Vincent Fajks Airstrip (IATA: OEM, ICAO: SMPA) is an airstrip serving Paloemeu, Suriname. The airport was constructed as part of Operation Grasshopper. It was named after the Polish pilot Vincent Fajks who crashed with co-pilot Ronald Kappel with their Aero Commander AC 520 (PZ-TAG) airplane at the site in October 1959, while trying to deliver building materials for the airport. They both received a state funeral in Paramaribo on 11 October 1959. There is a jungle resort on the Tapanahony River near Paloemeu.

## Charters and destinations

Charter airlines serving this airport are:
| Airlines | Destinations |
| Blue Wing Airlines | Charter: Paramaribo–Zorg en Hoop |
| Gum Air | Charter: Paramaribo–Zorg en Hoop |
| Hi-Jet Helicopter Services | Charter: Paramaribo–Zorg en Hoop |
# Tirtha

Tirtha or Teertha may refer to:
* Teertha, Dharwad, village in Karnataka, India
* Tirtha (Hinduism), a pilgrimage center in Hinduism
* Tirtha (Jainism), a pilgrimage center in Jainism
* Tirtha (album), an album by pianist Vijay Iyer
* Theertham, holy water given at temples
# Botswana at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships

Botswana competed at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary from 14 July to 30 July.

## Swimming

Botswana received a Universality invitation from FINA to send three swimmers (two men and one woman) to the World Championships.
| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Adrian Robinson | Men's 100 m freestyle | 56.01 | 91 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Adrian Robinson | Men's 50 m breaststroke | 30.38 | 61 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| David van der Colff | Men's 50 m backstroke | 27.67 | 44 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| David van der Colff | Men's 100 m backstroke | 1:00.56 | 44 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Naomi Ruele | Women's 50 m backstroke | 29.21 | 35 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Naomi Ruele | Women's 100 m backstroke | 1:02.96 | 36 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# I'm Afraid to Come Home in the Dark

I'm Afraid to Come Home in the Dark is popular song, written by Egbert Van Alstyne and Harry Williams in 1907, and made famous by Billy Murray. Today it is popular among collectors of cylinder recordings. Billy Murray recorded the song on several record labels, including Edison Records in 1908. This version is now in the public domain.
On January 30, 1930, Fleischer Studios released a cartoon with this song through Paramount Pictures as part of their Screen Songs series.
In the season 4 episode of I Love Lucy titled "First Stop" (1955), part of the song is sung by Mr. Skinner (Olin Howland). In the season 4 episode of M*A*S*H titled "Mail Call...Again" (1975), Colonel Potter (Harry Morgan) sings part of the song while shaving.
# Feidlimid mac Óengusa

Feidlimid mac Óengusa (455-500), or Feidlimid Dub, was an Eoganachta King of Munster in the early 6th century. He was the son of Óengus mac Nad Froích, the first Christian king of Munster.
The chronology of the 6th-century kings of Munster in the sources is confusing and Feidlimid is only known from king lists. Not mentioned as king in the Laud Synchronisms or the Irish annals; he is however mentioned in the Book of Leinster as successor to his father and predecessor of his brother Eochaid mac Óengusa. This puts his reign around the year 500. However, in the saga Senchas Fagbála Caisil ("The Story of the Finding of Cashel"), he is listed after his brother which would put his reign around 525. the Laud Synchronisms were written in the interest of the Glendamnach branch and this may explain the exclusion of Feidlimid from it.
He was the ancestor of the Eóganacht Chaisil branch of the family with lands around Cashel in County Tipperary. His son's name was Crimthann. In a tract regarding a Munster synod in the 6th century, his son Crimthan is considered King of Munster. However, his mother is called Dearcon who is usually associated with Crimthan, the son of Eochaid mac Óengusa and founder of the Airthir Cliach branch. His great-grandsons Fíngen mac Áedo Duib (died 618) and Faílbe Flann mac Áedo Duib (died 639) were also Kings of Munster.
Feidlimid mac Óengusa Eóganachta :
| Regnal titles |||
| Preceded byÓengus mac Nad Froích | King of Cashel c. 489 – 500 | Succeeded byEochaid mac Óengusa |
# Brown-banded carder bee

The brown-banded carder bee (Bombus humilis) is a bumblebee found in most of Europe west of Russia, with the exception of Ireland and Iceland. It is also found in Turkey, on the Tibetan plateau, northern China, eastern and southern Mongolia, and parts of North Korea. In Britain, it is limited to the coast and chalkland areas of southern England. The brown-banded carder bee is similar in appearance to the moss carder bee. As they share similar habitats, care must be taken to distinguish between the two.

## Description

The brown-banded carder bee is medium-sized with a relatively long tongue. The queen is 16–18 mm (0.63–0.71 in) long, the worker 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in).
The thorax is usually yellow-orange on top, with beige flanks, but may be dark brown. Most of the abdomen is beige, too, although with a somewhat striped effect. Both queens (the reproductive females) and workers usually have a broad, dark brown band (hence the common name) on the upper side of the abdomen, near the front, although it can be missing on some workers. A few black hairs - may only be one or two – are present on the thorax near the wing-bases. Males are similar to queens, but they lack stings and have longer antennae.

## Colony Cycle

Its flight period lasts from about May to September. The queen emerges from hibernation in the spring and makes a nest on the surface of the ground, preferable among grass tufts. The size of the nest is quite small, usually less than 100 inhabitants.
* Bombus humilis ssp. appeninus

## Habitat

The brown-banded carder bee favours vast grasslands. In Central Asia, it is an alpine species, living at altitudes of 3,000–3,900 m (9,800–12,800 ft). Among the plants visited are Trifolium pratense (red clover), Centaurea (knapweed) and Vicia (vetches).

## Threats

The brown-banded carder bee is threatened by habitat loss due to intensive farming. As Goulson, Hanley, Darvill, Ellis, and Knight have pointed out, a contributing factor in the northern part of its distribution (including Britain) is that B. humilis, being near the edge of its latitudinal range, is not well adapted to local conditions, so is sensitive to habitat changes, especially loss of unimproved grassland meadows.
# Irwin, South Carolina

Irwin is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lancaster County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,405 at the 2010 census.
Irwin is known for its small mill homes. This was a thriving community in Lancaster County when the Springs Industries was a thriving business from 1950 to 2002.

## Geography

Irwin is located in western Lancaster County at 34°41′37″N 80°48′47″W﻿ / ﻿34.69361°N 80.81306°W﻿ / 34.69361; -80.81306 (34.693473, -80.812980). It is bordered to the east by Springdale, and Lancaster, the county seat, is 4 miles (6 km) to the northeast. The Irwin CDP includes the neighborhood of Gooch Crossroad. Cane Creek forms the northern border of the CDP, and Rum Creek, a tributary of Cane Creek, forms the southern border.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.0 square miles (7.7 km$^2$), of which 0.004 square miles (0.01 km$^2$), or 0.01%, are water. Via Cane Creek, Irwin is part of the Catawba River watershed.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,343 people, 528 households, and 400 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 450.3 inhabitants per square mile (173.9/km$^2$). There were 554 housing units at an average density of 185.7 per square mile (71.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 77.29% White, 21.00% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.45% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.27% of the population.
There were 528 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,083, and the median income for a family was $45,625. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $22,167 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,673. About 6.6% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.3% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Latioubdo

Latioubdo is a village located in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.
# Veleda (disambiguation)

Veleda or Velleda may refer to:
* Veleda, a priestess and prophet of the Germanic tribe of the Bructeri
* Velléda, a cantata by Paul Dukas
* Velleda (beetle), a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae
* 126 Velleda, an asteroid
* Velleda, a work by Benedikte Naubert
* Velleda, a registered trademark of Société Bic
# Diederik van Aalst

Diederik van Aalst, Dirk van Aalst, Thierry of Alost or also known as het kind van Aalst (English: The child of Aalst), was the last lord/count of the Land of Aalst.
Diederik was a son of Iwein van Aalst and Laureta van de Elzas. He married Lauretta van Hainaut, daughter of Count Boudewijn IV and Alice of Namur. He died childless in the year 1166. Because Diederik had no heir, his belongings and the land of Aalst went to Philip of Alsace.
# Methylarsonic acid

Methylarsonic acid is an organoarsenic compound with the formula CH$_3$AsO$_3$H$_2$. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid. Salts of this compound, e.g. disodium methyl arsonate, have been widely used in as herbicides and fungicides in growing cotton and rice.

## Reactions

Near physiological pH, methanearsonic acid converts to its conjugate bases, the methylarsonates. These include CH$_3$AsO$_3$H$^−$ and CH $_3$AsO$^{2−}$ $_3$.

## Synthesis and biosynthesis

Reaction of arsenous acid with methyl iodide gives methylarsonic acid. This historically significant conversion is called the Meyer reaction:
    As(OH)$_3$ + CH$_3$I + NaOH → CH$_3$AsO(OH)$_2$ + NaI + H$_2$O
The then-novel aspect of the reaction was that alkylation occurs at arsenic, leading to oxidation of arsenic from oxidation state +3 to +5.
The biomethylation of arsenic compounds is thought to start with the formation of methanearsonates. Thus, trivalent arsenic compounds are methylated to give methanearsonate. S-Adenosylmethionine is the methyl donor. The methanearsonates are the precursors to cacodylates, again by the cycle of reduction (to methylarsonous acid) followed by a second methylation.

## Safety

Like most arsenic compounds, it is highly toxic.
# Bamsemums

Bamsemums is a bear shaped chocolate-covered marshmallow candy created by the chocolate factory Bouquet d'Or, in Ascq, France.

## History

The first bear shaped chocolate-covered marshmallow candy was invented and manufactured in 1962 by the chocolate factory Bouquet d'Or, in Ascq (now Villeneuve-d'Ascq), France under the name 'Petit ourson'.
Some confectionaries have started to make their own bear shaped chocolate-covered marshmallow candy as the Bouquet d'Or's one, as Nidar in 1975.
The Villeneuve-d'Ascq chocolate factory was bought by the Cémoi Group in 2003. Since then, annual production of gummy bears has tripled, reaching 3,000 tonnes in 2012.
To celebrate the 40th anniversary of these little bears, an exclusive collector's box has been created, specially designed for the Colette boutique in Paris.

## Types of Bamsemums

* Bamsemums original (1975)
* Bamsemums jelly (1992)
* Bamsemums foam (1992)
* Bamsemums banana (2004)
* Bamsemums raspberry (2005)
* Bamsemums citrus (2014)
# Beau Petty

Beau Petty owned NASCAR Busch Grand National and NASCAR Winston Cup Series teams from 1996 through 2001. Race and test drivers included Bobby Hillin Jr., Stanton Barrett, Gus Wasson, Ryan Newman, Kenny Hendrick, Mark McFarland, Ken Bouchard, and Greg Sacks.
Prior to racing, Beau Petty served with the 3rd AD in the Gulf War and was an actor. In addition to a screen role in a pilot for FOX that did not get picked up as a series, he appeared in more than 50 commercials for companies including McDonald's, K-Mart, Exide Batteries, Quaker State, Slick 50, and NBC. He also was NASCAR racing legend Jeff Gordon's double in multiple commercials from 1995–1996.

## Personal life

Beau Petty has one child, Alexis Petty.
# Bruce F. Hunt

Bruce F. Hunt (June 4, 1903 - July 26, 1992) was a missionary born in Korea, serving the Orthodox Presbyterian Church for 48 years, until 1976. He was a second generation missionary to Korea, following his father William B. Hunt. Bruce Hunt was a professor at Korea Seminary in Busan South Korea. He was detained for helping Korean Christians during the Japanese occupation without yielding to torture or intimidation.

## Education

Hunt was born in Pyongyang on June 4, 1903, to William Brewster Hunt (1869-1953) and Bertha Violet Finley Hunt. Due to the missionary work of his father, he participated in evangelism gatherings and Bible schools since childhood. After studying at Pyongyang Foreign School, he left to study in the US in June 1919, attending Soldan High School in St. Louis, Missouri. He was admitted to Wheaton College in Illinois in 1920, but during his college years, he went through a period of spiritual distress and eventually came to a turning point in his life by experiencing rebirth and devoting himself to the missions. He then transferred to Rutgers University, graduated, and matriculated at Princeton Theological Seminary. Hunt went to Korea as a missionary in the fall in 1928.

## Career

His first sabbatical was spent at Westminster Theological Seminary during 1935-36. In 1936, he left the PCUSA and became a founding member of the PCA (later OPC). As a member of the Presbyterian Independent Mission Board, under the leadership of J. Gresham Machen, Hunt served in Manchuria from 1936 to 1942. During that time, he became a missionary under the OPC Foreign Mission Board. Hunt returned to Korea in 1946. The Korean War again interrupted his work in 1950, but he was able to return once more in 1952. Hunt was the person who conducted the Nevius mission method and emphasized the characteristic of the Bible's centrality. Hunt had a great interest in Bible-centered evangelism and his theological tendency was strongly oriented toward Calvinism. He thoroughly believed that preserving the historical faith of the Korean Presbyterian Church against the challenge of liberal theology was the way to preserve the church. Late in life he moved to the Quarryville Nursing Home, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and died on July 26, 1992.
# Irwin "Tack" Kuntz

Irwin Douglas "Tack" Kuntz is an important figure in the field of computer-aided drug design and molecular modeling. He is a pioneer in the development and conception of the area of study known as molecular docking. One of the first docking programs DOCK was developed in his group in 1982.

## Education

Tack received his Bachelor of Arts degree in physical chemistry from Princeton University in 1961 and his PhD from the University of California, Berkeley in 1965 for spectroscopic studies of photosynthesis.

## Career and research

He moved to the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry the University of California, San Francisco in the early 1970s. He founded the Molecular Design Institute at UCSF in 1993. He was awarded the UCSF medal in 2018.
# Fireplane

Fireplane is a computer internal interconnect created by Sun Microsystems.
The Fireplane interconnect architecture is an evolutionary development of Sun's previous Ultra Port Architecture (UPA). It was introduced in October 2000 as the processor I/O interconnect in the Sun Blade 1000 workstation, followed in early 2001 by its use in the Sun Fire and Sun Fire 15K series enterprise servers. These coincided with the popular expansion of the web in the dot com boom and a shift of Sun's main market from Unix workstations to datacenter servers such as the Starfire, supporting high traffic web sites.
Peak performance (in the Sun Blade 1000) reached 67.2 GBytes/second or a sustained 9.6 Gbit/s (2.4 Gbit/s for each processor).
Each generation of Sun architecture had involved upgraded processors and matching upgrades to the bus or interconnect architectures that supported them. By this time, fast access to memory was becoming more important than simple CPU instruction speed for overall performance. Multiprocessors, shared memory, memory caching and switching between CPU and memory were technologies necessary to achieve this.
The Sun Fire 15K series frame allows 18 combined processor and memory expander boards. Each board comprises four processors, four memory modules and I/O processors. The Fireplane interconnect uses 18×18 crossbar switches to connect between them. Overall peak bandwidth through the interconnect is 43 Gbytes per second.
As memory architectures increase in complexity, maintaining cache coherence becomes a greater problem than simple connectivity. Fireplane represents a substantial advance over previous interconnects in this aspect. It combines both snoopy cache and point-to-point directory-based models to give a two-level cache coherence model. Snoopy buses are used primarily for single buses with small numbers of processors; directory models are used for larger numbers of processors. Fireplane combines both, to give a scalable shared memory architecture.
Each expander board implements snooping across the board, with directory coherence across the interconnect. Each board is considered as a 'snooping coherence domain'. Small to mid-sized Fireplane systems, up to 24 processors, use a single coherence domain. Larger systems with more processors use multiple coherence domains across their backplane interconnect. Competing systems from makers such as SGI or the HP Superdome series use only a single level of coherency support and so require the more complex directory coherence to be used throughout.
Fireplane used for smaller servers and workstations is optimised for their single domain performance. They use an increased system clock by 50% to 150 MHz. Snoops per clock cycle are also doubled from one half to one. Together these allow a snooping bandwidth of 150 million addresses per second.
# Dennis C. H. Yip

Dennis C. H. Yip (born 28 Jul 1967) rode a total of 59 winners when he was a jockey between 1984 and 1993. In 2002-03, he became a licensed trainer. Yip trained over 30 winners in every year of his nine-year training career, landing 41 winners in 2010/11 for an overall total of 368.

## Performance

| Seasons | Total Runners | No. of Wins | No. of 2nds | No. of 3rds | No. of 4ths | Stakes won |
| 2010/2011 | 581 | 41 | 60 | 47 | 38 | HK$35,455,395 |