# Will of George Frideric Handel

George Frideric Handel (23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) wrote his will over a number of years and with a number of codicils. Handel created the first version of his will with nine years to live, and completed his will (with the final codicil) three days before his death. Handel's will begins with the following text:
   In the Name of God Amen. I George Frideric Handel considering the Uncertainty of human Life doe make this my Will in manner following Viz. ...

## Parts of the will

The following table documents the dates of the original will and the four codicils, as well as the witness statements at the conclusion of each part of the will.
| Date | Part | Witness statement |
| 1 June 1750 | Original will | In wittness whereof I have here unto set my hand this 1 day of June 1750. GEORGE FREDERIC HANDEL |
| 6 August 1756 | Codicil | In witness whereof I Have hereunto set my hand and seal, this sixth day of August, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six. GEORGE FREDERIC HANDEL. On the day and year above written, this codicil was read over to the said George Frideric Handel, and was by him signed and published in our presence. Tho. Harris. John Hetherington. |
| 22 March 1757 | Codicil | In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, the twenty-second day of March, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-seven. GEORGE FREDERIC HANDEL. On the day and year above written, this codicil was read over to the said George Frideric Handel, and was by him signed and published in our presence. Tho. Harris. John Hetherington. |
| 4 August 1757 | Codicil | In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, this fourth day of August, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-seven. GEORGE FREDERIC HANDEL. On the day and year above written, this codicil was read over to the said George Frideric Handel, and was by him signed and published in our presence. Tho. Harris. John Maxwell. |
| 11 April 1759 | Codicil | In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this eleventh day of April, 1759. G. F. HANDEL. This codicil was read over to the said George Frideric Handel, and by him signed and sealed, in the presence, on the day and year above written, of us, A. S. Rudd. J. Christopher Smith. |

## Handel's will

The contents of each part of Handel's will are detailed in the following table. Note that where quotes have been supplied from the will, the original spelling, punctuation and capitalisations have been reproduced. The Item column gives the precise ordering of each bequest in Handel's will.
| Will date | Item | Recipient | Bequest | Notes |
| 1 June 1750 | 1 | Peter le Blond | "my Clothes and Linnen" | Peter le Blond was Handel's servant. |
| 1 June 1750 | 2 | Peter le Blond | 300 pounds sterling | Bequests to le Blond were not remitted as he died before Handel. |
| 1 June 1750 | 3 | Handel's other servants | "a year Wages" | |
| 1 June 1750 | 4 | Christopher Smith | "My large harpsichord, my little House Organ, my Musick Books" | |
| 1 June 1750 | 5 | Christopher Smith | 500 pounds sterling | |
| 1 June 1750 | 6 | James Hunter | 500 pounds sterling | |
| 1 June 1750 | 7 | Christian Gottlieb Handel | 100 pounds sterling | Christian (who lived in Copenhagen) was a grandson of Handel's brother Karl. |
| 1 June 1750 | 8 | Magister Christian August Rotth | 100 pounds sterling | Handel's cousin in Halle. |
| 1 June 1750 | 9 | Widow of George Taust Jr. | 300 pounds sterling | Handel's aunt was the widow of George Taust Jr (pastor of Giebichenstein near Halle). The bequest was never remitted as the widow died before Handel's death. |
| 1 June 1750 | 10 | Widow of Taust's six children | 1,200 pounds sterling | Each of the six children to get 200 pounds. (One child died before Handel's death.) |
| 1 June 1750 | 11 | Johanna Fridericia Floerken | "All the rest and residue of my Estate in Bank Annuities, 1746, sft. sub. or whatsoever kind or nature" | Johanna (of Gotha in Saxony—born Michaelsen in Halle) was Handel's niece. The entry in the will also made her sole executor of Handel's will. |
| 6 August 1756 | 12 | Peter le Blond | 200 pounds sterling | In addition to previous bequest. |
| 6 August 1756 | 13 | Christopher Smith | 1,500 pounds sterling | In addition to previous bequest. |
| 6 August 1756 | 14 | Christian Gottlieb Handel | 200 pounds sterling | In addition to previous bequest. |
| 6 August 1756 | 15 | Magister Christian August Rotth's widow | 100 pounds sterling | In addition to previous bequest. Magister Christian August Rotth had died subsequent to Handel's will of 1750. Handel wrote that if Rotth's widow should die, her children should be given the money. |
| 6 August 1756 | 16 | Widow of Taust's five children | 1,500 pounds sterling | As the widow and one of her children had died since Handel's will of 1750, Handel requested the original 1,200 pounds (to the children) plus the original 300 pounds (to the widow) be divided amongst the remaining five children (300 pounds each). |
| 6 August 1756 | 17 | Thomas Morrell | 200 pounds sterling | Doctor Thomas Morrell of Turnham Green. |
| 6 August 1756 | 18 | Newburgh Hamilton | 100 pounds sterling | Hamilton (of Old Bond Street) assisted Handel in adjusting the words in some of Handel's compositions. |
| 6 August 1756 | 19 | George Amyant | 200 pounds sterling | With the 1756 codicil, Handel made George Amyant, Esquire, of Lawrence Pountney Hill co-executor (along with Handel's niece) of his will. |
| 22 March 1757 | 20 | John Duburk | 500 pounds sterling | Duburk was Peter le Blond's nephew. As le Blond had recently died, Handel gave the previously allocated 500 pounds to Duburk. |
| 22 March 1757 | 21 | Thomas Bramwell | 30 pounds sterling | Bramwell was Handel's servant. Handel stipulated that the money was only to be paid if Bramwell was still living with Handel at the time of Handel's death. |
| 4 August 1757 | 22 | Christianna Sussanna Handel | 300 pounds sterling | Christian Gottlieb Handel had recently died, so Handel bequeathed his already allocated 300 pounds to Christianna (who lived at Goslar). |
| 4 August 1757 | 23 | Rahel Sophia Handel | 300 pounds sterling | Rahel was another sister of Christian Gottlieb Handel, and lived at Pless near Teschen in Silesia. |
| 4 August 1757 | 24 | John Rich, Esquire | "my great organ that stands at the Theatre Royal, in Covent Garden" | |
| 4 August 1757 | 25 | Charles Jennens, Esquire | "two pictures, the old man's head and the old woman's head, done by Denner" | Balthasar Dennar painted several portraits of Handel, but nothing is known of the paintings mentioned in Handel's will. |
| 4 August 1757 | 26 | — Granville, Esquire | "the landskip, a view of the Rhine, done by Rembrandt, and another, by the same hand, which he made me a present some time ago" | The first name is illegible, but is Bernard Granville of Holles Street and Calwich Abbey, Staffordshire. |
| 4 August 1757 | 27 | Foundling Hospital | "a fair copy of the score, and all parts of my oratorio called the Messiah" | |
| 11 April 1759 | 28 | Governors or trustees of the Society for the Support of Decayed Musicians and their Families | 1,000 pounds sterling | "to be disposed of in the most benenficial manner for the objects of that charity". |
| 11 April 1759 | 29 | George Amyant | 200 pounds sterling | In addition to previous bequest. |
| 11 April 1759 | 30 | Thomas Harris, Esquire | 300 pounds sterling | Thomas Harris of Lincolns Inn Fields. |
| 11 April 1759 | 31 | John Hetherington | 100 pounds sterling | "John Hetherington, of First Fruits Office, in the Middle Temple". |
| 11 April 1759 | 32 | James Smyth | 500 pounds sterling | James Smyth of Bond Street was present at Handel's funeral and wrote a long account of it to another of Handel's friends, Bernard Granville. |
| 11 April 1759 | 33 | Mathew Dubourg | 100 pounds sterling | Mathew Dubourg was a musician. |
| 11 April 1759 | 34 | Thomas Bramwell | 70 pounds sterling | In addition to previous bequest. |
| 11 April 1759 | 35 | Benjamin Martyn | 50 guineas | |
| 11 April 1759 | 36 | John Belchar | 50 guineas | John Belchar of Sun Court Threadneedle Street was a surgeon. |
| 11 April 1759 | 37 | John de Bourk | "all my wearing-apparel" | John de Bourk was Handel's servant. |
| 11 April 1759 | 38 | John Cowland | 50 pounds sterling | John Cowland of New Bond Street was an apothecary. |
| 11 April 1759 | 39 | | 600 pounds sterling (maximum) | For use by the will's executor to build a monument to Handel in Westminster Abbey. |
| 11 April 1759 | 40 | Mrs Palmer | 100 pounds sterling | The widow of Mr Palmer of Chelsea. |
| 11 April 1759 | 41 | Handel's maid-servants | One year's wages | "over and above what shall be due to them at the time of my death". |
| 11 April 1759 | 42 | Mrs Mayne | 50 guineas | Mrs Mayne was a widow and the sister of the late Mr. Batt. |
| 11 April 1759 | 43 | Mrs Downalan | 50 guineas | Mrs Downalan or Donnellan of Charles Street Berkeley Square, one of two daughters of Nehemiah Donnellan, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland, and his wife Martha. |
| 11 April 1759 | 44 | Mr Reiche | 200 pounds sterling | Mr Reiche was the Secretary of the affairs of Hanover. |

## Handel's funeral

In the final codicil to his will (item 39 in the above table), Handel expressed a desire to be buried in the following manner:
   I hope I have the permission of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster to be buried in Westminster Abbey, in a private manner, at the discretion of my executor, Mr. Amyand; and I desire that my said executor may have leave to erect a monument for me there, and that any sum not exceeding six hundred pounds, be expended for that purpose, at the discretion of my said executor.
Handel was buried in the south wing of Westminster Abbey, and his funeral took place on Friday 20 April 1759. The funeral service was performed by Dr. Zachary Pearce (Bishop of Rochester), and took place in the presence of more than 3,000 visitors. The choirs of the Chapel Royal, St. Paul's Cathedral, and Westminster Abbey sang the Funeral Anthem of William Croft.