OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henri Antoine Jacques

Henri Antoine Jacques (1782 Chelles, Seine-et-Marne – 1866) was a French nurseryman specialising in roses, and noted for having introduced the Bourbon Group of roses from Île Bourbon to France. It was illustrated by Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1759-1840) in his work "Les Roses".
He was born into a family of gardeners. On leaving the army, he worked as apprentice gardener at the Grand Trianon near Versailles, where his acumen caught the eye of Napoleon and whom Jacques told that his goal was to become head gardener on one of Napoleon's estates. Eventually in 1818 he became head gardener to the Duke of Orleans, later to become King Louis Philippe I, at the Château de Neuilly on the banks of the Seine near Paris, as well as Monceau on the outskirts of Paris, and Le Raincy near Chelles. These three estates totalled several thousand acres, earning him a salary, with free housing, clothing, food, horses, etc. for his wife and family, of some FFr8,000 a year, increasing to about FFr14,000 by 1835. When Louis Philippe was forced to abdicate in 1848 the Châteaux of Neuilly and Villiers were destroyed.
The collaboration between King Louis Philippe I and Jacques, both great lovers of plants, led to a number of new plant varieties, in particular several new rambling roses. These stemmed in part from Rosa sempervirens, introduced from 1826 onwards and its varieties still popular today because of an ability to climb over arches, trellises and walls, producing a profusion of nodding flowers. Two of Jacques’ roses have received The Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. Other varieties which remained popular were the 1828 ‘Félicité-Perpétue’ - Perpetua and Felicity were two Christian women martyred for their faith in Carthage in AD203. Jacques was one of the founding members of the "Horticultural Society of Paris", created 11 June 1827 which became, in 1885, the National Horticultural Society of France. The sempervirens hybrids were named mainly for members of the King's family – "Adélaide d’Orléans" (after his sister), "Princesse Louise" (after his eldest daughter, the later Queen of Belgium), "Princesse Marie", (his second daughter). The laboratory of Micromolecular Biology and Phytochemistry of the Université Claude Bernard in Lyon has studied the genetic provenance of some of the most celebrated of Antoine Jacques’ roses, in an attempt to reveal their parentage.
Antoine Jacques, besides being a zealous and gifted gardener, was acquainted with the writings of eminent botanists from all over the world. He published a number of catalogues listing the plants in the Royal gardens, as well as a four-volume Flora of the plants of Europe in collaboration with the botanist François Hérincq, "Manuel général des plantes arbres et arbustes: comprenant leur origine, description, culture, leur application aux jardins d'agrément, à l'agriculture, aux forêts, aux usages domestiques, aux arts et à l'industrie, et classés selon la méthode de Decandolle". He also published monographs on conifers, and on the Chinese cabbage or Pe-tsai.
# Garvida

Garvida is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jasper Garvida (born 1977), Filipino fashion designer
* Jose Garvida Flores (1900–1944), Filipino poet and playwright
# Elenchus (insect)

Elenchus is an insect genus in the family Elenchidae.
# Bağtala

Bağtala is a village in the municipality of Uzuntala in the Qakh Rayon of Azerbaijan. According to Azerbaijan's State Statistics Committee, only nine people lived in the village as of 2014.
# El Santuario

El Santuario is a town and municipality in the Antioquia Department, Colombia. It is part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia. El Santuario was founded on 11 March 1765 by Captain Antonio Gómez de Castro. Its elevation is 2,150 meters above sea level, with an average temperature of 17 °C. The distance reference from Medellín city, the capital of Antioquia Department, is 57 km and it has a total area of 83.45 km². This town is well known for being the place where comedian Guillermo Zuluaga "Montecristo" and actor Crisanto Alonso Vargas "Vargasvil" were born. The more significant source of its economy is agriculture, mainly vegetables, beans, potatoes and legume cultivation.
# 2016 African Men's Junior Handball Championship

The 2016 African Men's Junior Handball Championship was the 21st edition of the tournament, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation and held at the Palais des Sports de l'ACI 2000 in Bamako, Mali from September 11 to 18, 2016.
Tunisia was the champion and qualified, alongside the three remaining top teams. to the 2017 world championship.

## Teams

* Participating teams
* Algeria
* Burkina Faso
* Egypt
* Mali
* Morocco
* Tunisia

## Schedule & results

    Times given below are in GMT UTC+0.
| 11 Sep, 2016 ||||
| 14:00 | Burkina Faso | 30 (15:15) 30 | Morocco |
| 16:00 | Algeria | 21 (13:13) 28 | Egypt |
| 18:00 | Mali | 15 (07:24) 49 | Tunisia |
| 13 Sep, 2016 ||||
| 14:00 | Tunisia | 39 (23:06) 14 | Burkina Faso |
| 16:00 | Algeria | 39 (17:06) 22 | Morocco |
| 18:00 | Egypt | 57 (30:08) 23 | Mali |
| 15 Sep, 2016 ||||
| 14:00 | Morocco | 15 (06:19) 43 | Tunisia |
| 16:00 | Burkina Faso | 23 (07:19) 34 | Egypt |
| 18:00 | Mali | 19 (10:23) 43 | Algeria |
| 16 Sep, 2016 ||||
| 14:00 | Egypt | 30 (18:09) 22 | Morocco |
| 16:00 | Tunisia | 23 (12:10) 21 | Algeria |
| 18:00 | Burkina Faso | 20 (12:06) 14 | Mali |
| 18 Sep, 2016 ||||
| 14:00 | Algeria | 23 (11:09) 15 | Burkina Faso |
| 16:00 | Mali | 21 (08:08) 28 | Morocco |
| 18:00 | Tunisia | 30 (14:14) 29 | Egypt |
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GDIF | Pts |
| Tunisia | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 184 | 94 | +90 | 10 |
| Egypt | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 178 | 119 | +59 | 8 |
| Algeria | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 147 | 107 | +40 | 6 |
| Burkina Faso | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 102 | 140 | -38 | 3 |
| Morocco | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 117 | 163 | -46 | 3 |
| Mali | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 92 | 197 | -105 | 0 |

## Final standings

* Qualified for the 2017 World Championship
| Rank | Team | Record |
| | Tunisia | 5–0 |
| | Egypt | 4–1 |
| | Algeria | 3–2 |
| 4 | Burkina Faso | 1–3 |
| 5 | Morocco | 1–3 |
| 6 | Mali | 0–5 |

## Awards

* 2016 African Men's Junior Handball Championship winner
* Tunisia 4th title
* Best Player
# Gyrokinetic ElectroMagnetic

Gyrokinetic ElectroMagnetic (GEM) is a gyrokinetic plasma turbulence simulation that uses the $\delta f$ particle-in-cell method. It is used to study waves, instabilities and nonlinear behavior of tokamak fusion plasmas. Information about GEM can be found at the GEM web page.
There are two versions of GEM, one is a flux-tube version and the other one is a global general geometry version. Both versions of GEM use a field-aligned coordinate system. Ions are treated kinetically, but averaged over their gyro-obits and electrons are treated as drift-kinetic.

## The modeling of the tokamak plasmas

GEM solves the electromagnetic gyrokinetic equations which are the appropriate equations for well magnetized plasmas. The plasma is treated statistically as a kinetic distribution function. The distribution function depends on the three-dimensional position, the energy and magnetic moment. The time evolution of the distribution function is described by gyrokinetic theory which simply averages the Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations over the fast gyromotion associated with particles exhibiting cyclotron motion about the magnetic field lines. This eliminates fast time scales associated with the gyromotion and reduces the dimensionality of the problem from six down to five.

## Algorithm to solve the equations

GEM uses the delta-f particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulation method. An expansion about an adiabatic response is made for electrons to overcome the limit of small time step, which is caused by the fast motion of electrons. GEM uses a novel electromagnetic algorithm allowing direct numerical simulation of the electromagnetic problem at high plasma pressures. GEM uses a two-dimensional domain decomposition (see domain decomposition method) of the grid and particles to obtain good performance on massively parallel computers. A Monte Carlo method is used to model small angle Coulomb collisions.

## Applications

GEM is used to study nonlinear physics associated with tokamak plasma turbulence and transport. Tokamak turbulence driven by ion-temperature-gradient modes, electron-temperature gradient modes, trapped electron modes and micro-tearing modes has been investigated using GEM. It is also being used to look at energetic particle driven magnetohydrodynamic (see magnetohydrodynamics) eigenmodes.
# Henry Poston

Henry Poston (1849/50 – 1908) was a British architect.
Together with William Edward Trent, who was his apprentice, and then his assistant, he was the architect for the Earl of Essex, a Grade II listed public house at 616 Romford Road, Manor Park, London, built in 1902.
Poston was also the architect for the Pigeons Hotel, Romford Road, Stratford, built in 1898, and now converted to residential accommodation.
# Garvey Elevator

Garvey Grain elevator is a 22-acre grain storage facility located just south of Hastings, Nebraska. Garvey constructed, owned and operated a more than 8-million bushel grain storage facility on its property from 1959 until 1998. In 1998, Ag Processing Inc. took over operations. From 1959 to 1985, a grain fumigant consisting primarily of carbon tetrachloride, a volatile organic compound which is a significant hepatotoxin (substance toxic to the liver), was used which contaminated the soil and groundwater. It was proposed as a Superfund site on April 27, 2005, and it was listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency on September 14, 2005.

## Superfund site

Garvey began cleanup in October 2005 but filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in March 2007.
The contamination created a plume of contaminated water approximately four miles long. In September 2016, the Environmental Protection Agency completed a remedial design for the groundwater recovery, treatment and discharge system. However, as of January 2021, the system still has not been constructed due to lack of government funding.
# Arseniosiderite

Arseniosiderite is a rare arsenate mineral formed by the oxidation of other arsenic-containing minerals, such as scorodite or arsenopyrite. It occurs in association with beudantite, carminite, dussertite, pharmacolite, pitticite, adamite and erythrite. The name arseniosiderite reflects two major elements of the mineral, arsenic and iron (Greek sideros means iron).
# Arindzh

Arindzh or Aryndzh may refer to:
* Arinj, Armenia
* Arınc, Azerbaijan
# Hierodula mindanensis

Hierodula mindanensis is a species of praying mantis in the family Mantidae.
# Long Weekend

In most English-speaking countries, a long weekend is a three or four day weekend.
Long Weekend may also refer to:

## Film and television

* The Long Weekend, a 2005 Canadian film starring Chris Klein and Brendan Fehr
* Long Weekend (1978 film), an Australian horror film
** Long Weekend (2008 film), an Australian remake of the 1978 film
* "The Long Weekend" (American Dragon: Jake Long), an episode of American Dragon: Jake Long
* "Long Weekend" (Mad Men), an episode of Mad Men
* The Long Weekend (O' Despair), a 1989 film directed by Gregg Araki
* Long Weekend (2021 film), an American film directed by Steven Basilone

## Literature

* The Long Week-End, a 1940 social history of Britain between the World Wars, by Robert Graves and Alan Hodge
# HLA-A23

HLA-A23 (A23) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α$^{23}$ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A23, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A*23 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*2301. A23 and A*23 are almost synonymous in meaning. A23 is a split antigen of the broad antigen HLA-A9 and it is a sister serotype of HLA-A24.
A23 is common in Africa and regions of the Middle East, Mediterranean, and India than Europe, East Asia or the Americas.

## Serotype

A23 recognition of some HLA A*23 gene products :
| A*23 | A23 | A24 | Sample |
| allele | % | % | size (N) |
| *2301 | 95 | 1 | 5119 |

## Haplotypes

A23-B7 is found in N.Afr. and S.Afr non-caucasians.
A23-B44 is found in Albania, Zimbabwe, Morocco, Spain and Danes.
A23-B58 is found in the !kung and Zaire.

### Associated diseases

A*23:Cw*07 is associated with higher viral load in HIV
# Christian Schroder

Christian Schroder may refer to:
* Christian Schrøder, Danish film actor, screenwriter and director
* Christian Schröder, German sailor
# Dženan Hošić

Dženan Hošić (born 13 March 1976) is a Bosnian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of the Sarajevo under-19 team.

## International career

Hošić made his debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina in a March 2000 friendly game away against Jordan. It remained his sole international appearance.

## Managerial statistics

    As of match played 9 June 2024
Managerial record by team and tenure :
| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | From | To | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| Goražde | 28 August 2020 | 18 May 2021 | 25 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 37 | 30 | +7 | 052.00 |
| Vis Simm-Bau | 17 August 2021 | 7 November 2021 | 12 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 11 | 11 | +0 | 016.67 |
| GOŠK Gabela | 28 March 2022 | 3 May 2022 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 3 | +6 | 060.00 |
| Zvijezda 09 | 20 June 2022 | 12 September 2022 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 7 | +3 | 057.14 |
| Goražde | 14 March 2023 | 30 June 2023 | 13 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 20 | 12 | +8 | 061.54 |
| TOŠK Tešanj | 11 January 2024 | 15 June 2024 | 15 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 20 | 18 | +2 | 053.33 |
| Total | Total | Total | 77 | 38 | 17 | 22 | 107 | 81 | +26 | 049.35 |

## Honours
### Player

Sarajevo
* Bosnian First League: 1998–99
* Bosnian Cup: 1997–98
* Bosnian Supercup: 1997
# Federer (surname)

Federer is a Swiss surname. According to Sandi Toksvig on the "quills" episode of QI, "Federer" means (in Swiss German) one who works with or trades in quills, which are traditionally made from feathers.
Federer may refer to:
* The Federer family of Berneck, St. Gallen
* Barbara Schmid-Federer (born 1965), Swiss politician
* Edi Federer (1955–2012), Austrian ski jumper
* Herbert Federer (1920–2010), American mathematician
* Heinrich Federer (1866–1928), Swiss writer and Catholic priest
* Michelle Federer (born 1973), American theatre and film actress
* Mirka Federer (born 1978), former WTA tennis player and wife of Roger Federer
* Oskar Federer (1884–1968), Czech industrialist
* Roger Federer (born 1981), Swiss tennis player
* Urban Federer (born 1968), Swiss Roman Catholic abbot
# Hierodula oraea

Hierodula oraea is a species of praying mantis in the family Mantidae.
# 2001–02 Frauen-Bundesliga

The 2001–02 Frauen-Bundesliga was the 12th season of the Frauen-Bundesliga, Germany's premier football league. It began on 19 August 2001 and ended on 16 June 2002.

## Final standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Relegation |
| 1 | 1. FFC Frankfurt | 22 | 18 | 4 | 0 | 65 | 17 | +48 | 58 | 2001–02 Bundesliga (women) champions |
| 2 | 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam | 22 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 56 | 23 | +33 | 44 | |
| 3 | FCR 2001 Duisburg | 22 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 61 | 34 | +27 | 44 | |
| 4 | FC Bayern Munich | 22 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 59 | 38 | +21 | 40 | |
| 5 | FSV Frankfurt | 22 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 48 | 29 | +19 | 39 | |
| 6 | SC Freiburg | 22 | 11 | 2 | 9 | 30 | 34 | −4 | 35 | |
| 7 | FFC Brauweiler Pulheim | 22 | 10 | 3 | 9 | 37 | 27 | +10 | 33 | |
| 8 | FFC Heike Rheine | 22 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 27 | |
| 9 | SC 07 Bad Neuenahr | 22 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 24 | 51 | −27 | 22 | |
| 10 | WSV Wendschott | 22 | 5 | 2 | 15 | 26 | 52 | −26 | 17 | |
| 11 | Hamburger SV | 22 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 16 | 62 | −46 | 8 | Will be relegated to the 2. Bundesliga (women) |
| 12 | 1. FC Saarbrücken | 22 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 16 | 71 | −55 | 8 | Will be relegated to the 2. Bundesliga (women) |
* ↑ 2000–01 Bundesliga (women) champion
* 1 2 Promoted from the 2. Bundesliga (women) last season

## Results

| Home \ Away | FRA | POT | DUI | FCB | FSV | FRE | BRP | HRH | NEU | WSV | HSV | SAR |
| 1. FFC Frankfurt | | 4–1 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 2–1 | 4–1 | 3–1 | 2–0 | 7–0 |
| 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam | 1–3 | | 2–0 | 4–0 | 4–0 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 1–2 | 3–1 | 0–0 | 8–2 |
| FCR 2001 Duisburg | 1–7 | 1–2 | | 3–6 | 2–1 | 4–1 | 3–0 | 4–0 | 6–1 | 5–0 | 5–1 | 3–0 |
| FC Bayern Munich | 1–3 | 1–2 | 2–3 | | 1–1 | 1–2 | 3–2 | 5–5 | 5–1 | 4–1 | 3–0 | 3–1 |
| FSV Frankfurt | 1–1 | 3–1 | 3–0 | 2–2 | | 4–1 | 3–1 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 4–2 | 4–0 | 6–1 |
| SC Freiburg | 1–2 | 0–6 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 1–2 | | 0–5 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 5–0 | 2–0 |
| FFC Brauweiler Pulheim | 0–0 | 1–0 | 2–3 | 1–3 | 2–1 | 2–1 | | 1–2 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 5–0 | 3–1 |
| FFC Heike Rheine | 1–1 | 0–0 | 0–3 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–0 | | 5–1 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 4–0 |
| SC 07 Bad Neuenahr | 1–7 | 1–3 | 2–2 | 0–3 | 2–1 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 0–0 | | 1–0 | 4–3 | 0–1 |
| WSV Wendschott | 0–2 | 0–5 | 2–2 | 1–4 | 1–2 | 0–3 | 1–3 | 1–4 | 4–0 | | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| Hamburger SV | 2–4 | 1–4 | 0–4 | 1–5 | 1–4 | 0–2 | 0–3 | 1–3 | 1–4 | 4–0 | | 3–0 |
| 1. FC Saarbrücken | 0–3 | 1–5 | 0–5 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 0–1 | 1–4 | 2–2 | 0–3 | 2–3 | 1–1 | |

## Top scorers

| Rank | Player | Team | Goals |
| 1 | Conny Pohlers | Turbine Potsdam | 27 |
| 2 | Melanie Hoffmann | FCR 2001 Duisburg | 19 |
| 3 | Birgit Prinz | FFC Frankfurt | 17 |
| 3 | Petra Unterbrink | Brauweiler Pulheim | 17 |
# Fletcherella niphadarcha

Fletcherella niphadarcha is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda.
# Long Way to Go (Alan Jackson song)

"Long Way to Go" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released in June 2011 as the lead-off single from his seventeenth studio album Thirty Miles West, and debut on his new label EMI Records Nashville. The song reached number 24 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.

## Background

When Alan Jackson was asked of his self-penned song he stated, "Seems like every time you turn around lately there's just something heavy going on in the world, so I felt like singing something that was kind of light and fun. When asked about the story behind this song during an interview with Country Weekly, Jackson replied, "It's just a fun summertime song. I had something to drink one time and a bug flew in it and I kinda made a note of that. Some people have asked if I was sitting someplace warm or near a beach when I was writing it, but I was actually in Nashville and it was pretty cold!"

## Critical reception

Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave the song a B, stating that, "More than twenty years in, Alan Jackson’s sounding as great as ever, delivering a vocal that’s all charm, personality and general tunefulness."
Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song 2 out of 5 stars. He states that, this is the next page in the same book from Jackson. After his last few singles (‘Hard Hat and a Hammer,’ ‘It’s Just That Way,’ ‘I Still Like Bologna’) failed to gather much attention on country radio, people began to wonder if he was saving his best material for his new label. Sadly, the answer so far is ‘no.’ While his musings of simple life were once charming and cozy, they now seem lazy and dated."

## Music video

A music video for "Long Way to Go" was released in 2011 and was directed by Steven Goldmann. The tiki bar featured in the video is the Square Grouper Tiki Bar in Jupiter, Florida.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 24 |
| US Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 | 20 |
| Canada Country (Billboard) | 25 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2011) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 86 |
# Cephalotes argentiventris

Cephalotes argentiventris is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on (a behavior known as directed aerial descent or DAD), giving their name also as gliding ants.
# André-Albert Blais

André-Albert Blais (26 August 1842 – 23 January 1919) was a Canadian Roman Catholic priest and Bishop of Rimouski.
Born in Saint-Vallier, Quebec, the son of Hubert Blais and Marguerite Roy, Blais was educated in Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière, Quebec, at the Quebec Seminary and at Collège de Lévis. He was ordained in 1868. From 1868 to 1869, he taught at Collège de Lévis. From 1869 to 1873, he was a professor of English at the Quebec Seminary and assistant director of the Pensionnat. From 1873 to 1874, he was director of the Pensionnat. From 1874 to 1877, he studied in Rome. From 1877 to 1881, he was a professor of Canonical law at the Quebec Seminary. From 1882 to 1889, he was a chaplain in Bon Pasteur, Quebec. In 1889, he was appointed Titular Bishop of Germanicopolis. In 1891, he was appointed Bishop of Rimouski.
The Municipality of Saint-André-de-Restigouche was named after him.
# Glass Slipper (dragster)

Glass Slipper is a pioneering streamliner dragster.
Making her debut in 1957, Glass Slipper was created by Califironia drag racers Roy and Ed Cortopassi. The workmanship was so good, she won "America's Most Beautiful Competition Car" at the 1957 Oakland Roadster Show.
Glass Slipper was a short-wheelbase front-engined digger with front hairpins, lakester-style wheel discs (Moon discs), covered frame rails, a closed cockpit, and exposed exhaust pipes, bearing a strong resemblance to a sprint car. She wore the livery of Capitol Speed Shop. She was powered by an injected small-block Chevy, distinguishing her from her blown contemporaries. She recorded a standing kilometer of 168.85 mph (271.74 km/h) under FIA International Acceleration Records at March Air Force Base in 1958.
After a fire subsequent to the record effort, in 1960, Glass Slipper reappeared with a GMC supercharger and Hilborn injection. This enabled the dragster to set a best e.t. of 8.93 seconds and a best speed of 172 mph (277 km/h) at Vacaville, California. She was retired in 1961.
In the 1990s, the car was restored.
# Lament of Edward II

The Lament of Edward II ("En tenps de iver me survynt damage") is traditionally credited to Edward II of England, and thought to have been written during his imprisonment shortly after he was deposed by his wife Isabella in January 1327. Not all readers are convinced of the royal attribution of its authorship. The poem, in fifteen stanzas, bears the heading De Le Roi Edward, le Fiz Roi Edward, Le Chanson Qe Il Fist Mesmes ("Of the King Edward, son of King Edward, the Song that He Made himself"). It was a chanson, and was likely to be sung to an existing tune. In each stanza two rhymes alternate, in approximately octosyllabic lines. The text survives in a manuscript on vellum at Longleat, bound into a volume titled Tractatus varii Theologici saec. XIII et XIV (76v and 77r), causing it to be overlooked; and in a manuscript in the Royal Library. It was identified by Paul Studer and first published by him with a short literary introduction and an English translation in 1921.
"The tone of the poem, the line of arguments, the touches of deep personal feeling unmistakably stamp the work as genuine," Studer concluded. "The king's song is a rare and valuable specimen of Anglo-Norman lyric poetry." The poet uses the poetical conventions of Provençal love poetry to lament his fall, the loss of his queen and his kingdom. In the Provençal tradition of the canso, he commences by invoking the (winter) season and ends with an envoi. Nevertheless, the poem compares favourably with contemporary poems of Northern France, Studer concludes: "It is free from their mannerism and artifice, and possesses a directness of speech and an accent of deep sincerity which they seldom exhibit."
A garbled account of this "lamentable complaynt" from manuscripts that he had seen, "with many other of the same makynge" was given by Robert Fabyan (died 1513), who rendered six lines of the incipit in Latin and offered his own flowery and pedantic variant in English. No other poems by Edward survive. A translation into modern English is in Ref 6.