OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cromwell Community College

Cromwell Community College is a coeducational all-through school and sixth form located in Chatteris, Cambridgeshire, England.

## History

Cromwell School was founded in 1939 to serve the town of Chatteris. It grew over the years as it accepted secondary school age pupils from nearby schools that were either closing or turning into primary schools. It turned fully comprehensive in 1969 in line with the Cambridgeshire LEA's switch from the tripartite system to a comprehensive system.
The school previously held Humanities College specialist status, and in 2008 the school was awarded with the Sportsmark. It became an academy in 2012.
An all-weather pitch and changing rooms opened at the school in September 2011. In August 2012, a suite of rooms for Technology and ICT, a new sports hall, as well as a fitness suite and dance studio were opened, and all of these facilities are available for use by the local community outside school hours. The old school buildings were reconstructed into a dining hall and sixth form facility. Two new science laboratories were also constructed, with the whole rebuild completed in September 2013.
In September 2020 the school opened a primary school phase with new buildings completed in 2021. This means that Cromwell Community College is the first state-funded all-through school in Cambridgeshire.

## Academics

Cromwell Community College offers GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals and WJEC awards as programmes of study for pupils. Students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels, Cambridge Technicals and BTECs.

## Notable former pupils

* Dominic Mohan, journalist and newspaper editor
# Forward Club Agartala

Forward Club Agartala is an Indian professional football club based in Agartala, in the Tripura State in northeast India. The club competes in the Chandra Memorial League. It is the current champion of the 2022 Chandra Memorial League.

## Notable players

* Victor Amobi
* Christopher Chizoba
# Butson-type Hadamard matrix

In mathematics, a complex Hadamard matrix H of size N with all its columns (rows) mutually orthogonal, belongs to the Butson-type H(q, N) if all its elements are powers of q-th root of unity,
       $(H_{jk})^{q}=1\quad {\text{for}}\quad j,k=1,2,\dots ,N.$

## Existence

If p is prime and $N>1$, then $H(p,N)$ can exist only for $N=mp$ with integer m and it is conjectured they exist for all such cases with $p\geq 3$. For $p=2$, the corresponding conjecture is existence for all multiples of 4. In general, the problem of finding all sets $\{q,N\}$ such that the Butson-type matrices $H(q,N)$ exist, remains open.

## Examples

* $H(2,N)$ contains real Hadamard matrices of size N,
* $H(4,N)$ contains Hadamard matrices composed of $\pm 1,\pm i$ – such matrices were called by Turyn, complex Hadamard matrices.
* in the limit $q\to \infty$ one can approximate all complex Hadamard matrices.
* Fourier matrices $[F_{N}]_{jk}:=\exp[(2\pi i(j-1)(k-1)/N]{\text{ for }}j,k=1,2,\dots ,N$
    belong to the Butson-type,
       $F_{N}\in H(N,N),$
    while
       $F_{N}\otimes F_{N}\in H(N,N^{2}),$
       $F_{N}\otimes F_{N}\otimes F_{N}\in H(N,N^{3}).$
       $D_{6}:={\begin{bmatrix}1&1&1&1&1&1\\1&-1&i&-i&-i&i\\1&i&-1&i&-i&-i\\1&-i&i&-1&i&-i\\1&-i&-i&i&-1&i\\1&i&-i&-i&i&-1\\\end{bmatrix}}\in \,H(4,6)$,
       $S_{6}:={\begin{bmatrix}1&1&1&1&1&1\\1&1&z&z&z^{2}&z^{2}\\1&z&1&z^{2}&z^{2}&z\\1&z&z^{2}&1&z&z^{2}\\1&z^{2}&z^{2}&z&1&z\\1&z^{2}&z&z^{2}&z&1\\\end{bmatrix}}\in \,H(3,6)$
    where $z=\exp(2\pi i/3).$
# Walo II of Chaumont-en-Vexin

Walo II (Galon II de Beaumont) (*1060; † 1098) was a viscount of Chaumont-en-Vexin and a constable of King Philip I of France.

## Biography

He was son of Odo (Eudes) de Beaumont, viscount of Chaumont-en-Vexin. He took a part at the First Crusade as part of the army of Hugh the Great that attempted to capture the Holy Lands, called by Pope Urban II in 1095. Walo was killed by the Turks during the Siege of Antioch on 20 May 1098.

## Family

Walo was married to Humberge of Le Puiset, a sister of Everard of Le Puiset, both from the prominent Île-de-France family of Hugh I of Le Puiset. Walo and Humberge had three children:
* Drogo (Dreux) de Chaumont (d. after 1099), a Crusader in the first Crusade and in 1099 a monk at the Abbey of Saint-Germer.
* Hugues "Panis avena", Provost at Saint-Germer, beginning in 1115
* Humberge (d. before 1089).
Drogo was the ancestor of the later counts of Dammartin, his great-grandson Jean, Châtelain de Trie, marrying Alix de Dammartin, daughter of Alberic III, Count of Dammartin.

## Sources

Riley-Smith, Jonathan, The First Crusaders, 1095–1131, Cambridge University Press, 1997
# Bruce Ducker

Bruce Ducker (born 1938) is a prize-winning American novelist, short story writer, and poet.
Born in Brooklyn, NY. Ducker was educated at Dartmouth and Columbia. He has written eight novels and a volume of short stories. His poetry and short fiction appear in such journals as The New Republic, The Yale Review, Poetry, Commonweal, The Southern Review and The Hudson Review. Recent stories have appeared in The Missouri Review, The Sewanee Review, Shenandoah, the American Literary Review and Ascent. His most recent books are his eighth novel, Dizzying Heights from Fulcrum, which was nominated for the James Thurber Prize for American Humor; and The Home Pool: Stories of Fly Fishing and Lesser Passions, with illustrations by Western artist Duke Beardsley from Stackpole Books, which was runner-up for the Colorado Book Award.
His novel Lead Us Not Into Penn Station has won the Colorado Book Award, and was runner-up for the American Library Association Best Book Award. Ducker's latest literary contribution, Stemming the Flow, a poignant poetry collection, delves into the profound complexities of the human experience. Divided into five parts and themes, each section explores a different stage in life, offering readers a nostalgic and witty reflection on existence itself.His work has won praise including that of novelists James Salter and Warwick Downing, and humorist Dave Barry.
# Lee distance

In coding theory, the Lee distance is a distance between two strings $x_{1}x_{2}\dots x_{n}$ and $y_{1}y_{2}\dots y_{n}$ of equal length n over the q-ary alphabet {0, 1, …, q − 1} of size q ≥ 2. It is a metric defined as $\sum _{i=1}^{n}\min(|x_{i}-y_{i}|,\,q-|x_{i}-y_{i}|).$ If q = 2 or q = 3 the Lee distance coincides with the Hamming distance, because both distances are 0 for two single equal symbols and 1 for two single non-equal symbols. For q > 3 this is not the case anymore; the Lee distance between single letters can become bigger than 1. However, there exists a Gray isometry (weight-preserving bijection) between $\mathbb {Z} _{4}$ with the Lee weight and $\mathbb {Z} _{2}^{2}$ with the Hamming weight.
Considering the alphabet as the additive group Z$_q$, the Lee distance between two single letters $x$ and $y$ is the length of shortest path in the Cayley graph (which is circular since the group is cyclic) between them. More generally, the Lee distance between two strings of length n is the length of the shortest path between them in the Cayley graph of $\mathbf {Z} _{q}^{n}$. This can also be thought of as the quotient metric resulting from reducing Z$^n$ with the Manhattan distance modulo the lattice qZ$^n$. The analogous quotient metric on a quotient of Z$^n$ modulo an arbitrary lattice is known as a Mannheim metric or Mannheim distance.
The metric space induced by the Lee distance is a discrete analog of the elliptic space.

## Example

If q = 6, then the Lee distance between 3140 and 2543 is 1 + 2 + 0 + 3 = 6.

## History and application

The Lee distance is named after William Chi Yuan Lee (李始元). It is applied for phase modulation while the Hamming distance is used in case of orthogonal modulation.
The Berlekamp code is an example of code in the Lee metric. Other significant examples are the Preparata code and Kerdock code; these codes are non-linear when considered over a field, but are linear over a ring.
# Alexios Philanthropenos (disambiguation)

Alexios Philanthropenos (c. 1270–1340s) was a Byzantine nobleman and general.
Alexios Philanthropenos may also refer to:
* Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos, Byzantine Greek nobleman
* Alexios Doukas Philanthropenos (died c. 1275), Byzantine nobleman and admiral
* Alexios Laskaris Philanthropenos, Byzantine official and governor
# Criterion-Referenced Competency Tests

The Criterion-Referenced Competency Tests (CRCT) were a set of tests administered at public schools in the state of Georgia that are designed to test the knowledge of first through eighth graders in reading, English/language arts (ELA), and mathematics, and third through eighth graders additionally in science and social studies.
Georgia law, as amended by the A+ Education Reform Act of 2000, requires that all students from first to eighth grade take the CRCT in the content areas of reading, English/language arts, and mathematics. Students in grades three through eight are also assessed in science and social studies. The CRCT only assesses the content standards outlined in the Common Core Georgia Performance Standards which is the curriculum that Georgia teachers are required to teach.
The CRCT was implemented in spring 2000. That year, summative, end-of-year assessments in reading, English/language arts, and mathematics were administered in grades four, six, and eight. Assessments in science and social studies (grades three through eight) were administered for the first time in spring 2002. Additionally, assessments in reading, English/language arts, and mathematics were administered in grades one, two, three, five, and seven in spring 2002.
Students in grades 3, 5, and 8 were required to pass the CRCT to be promoted to the next grade.
The state also included Lexile measures with scores for students in grades 3-8. A Lexile measure can be used to match readers with targeted text and monitor growth in reading ability.
The CRCT was last used in the 2013-2014 school year. It was replaced by the Georgia Milestones Assessment System, which contains thought-provoking questions, norm-referenced items, online administration, and a writing component.

## Scoring

Students received a report during the summer that tells them their scale score and their accuracy for all of the sections assessed on the CRCT. The scale score was used to determine if the student exceeds, meets, or does not meet state standards. If the student scores above an 850, he/she is considered to be exceeding the standards in that subject area. If the student's scale score is between 800-849 (inclusive), he/she is considered to be meeting the standards in that subject area. The state considers scores below 800 as not meeting standards. Students could have also determine their accuracy on any part of the test because their score reports show the number of questions they got right and the number of total questions that were administered. The highest score varies between subjects, but ranges from 850 to 980.

## Controversy

In July 2011, an investigation uncovered that 178 teachers from the Atlanta area had been found to be cheating from as early as 2001 by falsifying test results. Aside from the teachers, 38 principals were linked to the scandal either by directly participating in the changing of wrong answers or allowing the changes to be made when they knew, or had the responsibility to know, what was going on.
# Morrin, Alberta

Morrin is a village in central Alberta, Canada. It is located 26 km north of the Town of Drumheller, along Highway 27 and the Railink Central Western railway.
The Morrin Bridge Provincial recreation area is located 10 km west of the village, in the Red Deer River valley, and Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park is located 40 km north.
Morrin was originally named "Blooming Prairie" but was renamed Morrin in honour of the engineer of the first train to the village.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Morrin had a population of 205 living in 113 of its 131 total private dwellings, a change of -14.6% from its 2016 population of 240. With a land area of 0.67 km$^2$ (0.26 sq mi), it had a population density of 306.0/km$^2$ (792.5/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Morrin recorded a population of 240 living in 110 of its 132 total private dwellings, a -2% change from its 2011 population of 245. With a land area of 0.67 km$^2$ (0.26 sq mi), it had a population density of 358.2/km$^2$ (927.8/sq mi) in 2016.
# Tran dialect

The Tran dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Transitional dialects, which is spoken in the regions of Tran and Godech in central western Bulgaria and in the Western Outlands. It borders on the Belogradchik dialect to the north, the Sofia dialect to the east and the Breznik dialect to the south.

## Phonological and morphological characteristics

* The reflexes of Old Bulgarian ръ/рь and лъ/ль are either vocalic r and l or ър (ər) and лъ(lə), depending on individual words and subdialects: крв but кърстът (blood, the cross) vs. Standard Bulgarian кръв, кръстът and жлт/жлът vs. Standard Bulgarian жълт (yellow)
* Triple definite article (as in the Rhodopean Smolyan dialect): -ът, -та, -то, -те/та for general cases, -ъв, -ва, -во, -ве/ва for objects situated close to the speaker and -ън, -на, -но, -не/на for objects situated far from the speaker. The -ъв/-ън forms have now become obsolete
* Doubling of the definite article for feminine nouns ending on a consonant (as in the Gabrovo subdialect of the Central Balkan dialect): памет->паметуту vs. Standard Bulgarian памет->паметта (memory->the memory)
For other phonological and morphological characteristics typical for all Transitional dialects, cf. Transitional Bulgarian dialects.

## Sources

Стойков, Стойко: Българска диалектология, Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов", 2006
# Bwenelang language

Bwenelang (Mbwenelang) (also known as Xoli) is an Oceanic language spoken on Malekula, Vanuatu.
# Waltzing Matilda (1933 film)

Waltzing Matilda is a 1933 Australian film directed by and starring Pat Hanna. It features Coral Browne.

## Plot

Chic Williams and his friend James Brown wrongly believe they have injured a policeman in a drunken fight. Fleeing a private detective who is following them, they head for the bush.
Chic and James find work as drovers at Banjaroo Station, where his old army mate Joe works as an overseer. James falls in love with the station owner's daughter. The detective arrives and tells James he has inherited money. James and his girlfriend announce their engagement and Chic sets off alone as a swagman, accompanied by a chorus of "Waltzing Matilda".

## Cast

* Pat Hanna as Chic Williams
* Joe Valli as Joe McTavish
* Frield Fisher as Albert
* Coral Browne
* Norman French as James Brown
* Joan Lang
* Nellie Mortyne
* Dorothy Parnham as Dorothy Young
* George Moon
* Bill Innes

## Production

Pat Hanna held a competition for the name of the film. A prize of £10 was shared amongst the 20 people who suggested "Waltzing Matilda".
The character of Chic William was well established on stage and in Pat Hanna's previous movies but changed for this film- he is poor, drinking heavily and drifting from job to job.
The movie was shot at Efftee Studios in Melbourne in mid 1933.
The film reportedly had twice the budget of Diggers in Blighty.
The romantic male lead, Norman French, was a casting director for Efftee and Hanna.

## Reception

The film only ran for a short time in the cities but enjoyed more popularity in the country. Reviews were mixed. It was classified as a "middle grade" success at the box office.
Hanna was frustrated at the financial return he was getting for his efforts and this was his last film. However, in 1950 he said he was still making money by re-releasing his films.
# Bruce Duncan Guimaraens

Bruce Duncan Guimaraens (27 October 1935 – 22 August 2002) was a Portuguese-British port wine maker.

## Early life and education

Guimaraens was born on 27 October, 1935 to parents Charles Bruce and Cathleen May in Vila Nova de Gaia. He was educated at Abingdon School from 1946 until 1953 and his elder brother John 'Gordon' Guimaraens also attended Abingdon School from 1946 to 1952. He served in the British Army as a Lieutenant with the Royal Berkshire Regiment and the Royal West African Frontier Force in Ghana.

## Career

After leaving the army in 1956 Guimaraens joined Fonseca Guimaraens, the company his great-great grandfather Manuel Pedro Guimaraens had created in 1822, which had earlier merged with Taylor, Fladgate, & Yeatman in 1948 to form the Taylor Fonseca Group.
In 1961 he was promoted to the position of director of winemaking and vineyard management at Taylor Fonseca, and was credited by The Telegraph as playing an instrumental role in expanding the number of vineyards owned by the firm. His tenure saw the creation of the Fonseca 1963, described by critic Michael Broadbent as "one of the top '63s, and one of the best-ever Fonsecas", and the Fonseca 1977, which also received high praise. He retired in 1989.

## Personal life

Guimaraens died of a heart attack on 22 August 2002. He was survived by his wife Magdalena and four children. At the time of his death his son David, who joined Taylor Fonseca in 1990, was the company's head winemaker.
# Bhagaban Majhi

Bhagaban Majhi was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Odisha in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Janata Dal.
# Vladimir Solovyov

Vladimir Solovyov may refer to:
* Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher) (1853–1900), Russian philosopher
* Vladimir Solovyov (cosmonaut) (born 1946), Soviet-Russian cosmonaut
* Vladimir Solovyov (rower) (born 1946), Soviet-Russian Olympic rower
* Vladimir Solovyov (TV presenter) (born 1963), Russian television presenter, writer and propagandist
* Vladimir Solovyov, Soviet automotive designer, first Chief Designer at VAZ
* Vladimir Solovyov, a Fabergé workmaster
# Fan Jian

Fan Jian may refer to:
* Fan Jian (politician) (250s–263), Chinese politician of the state of Shu Han in the late Three Kingdoms period
* Fan Jian (legal scholar) (born 1957), Chinese legal scholar
* Fan Jian (officer) (born 1960), Chinese government accountant
# Cross Damon

Cross Damon was a fictional character from Richard Wright's 1953 novel The Outsider. Cross Damon was viewed as an "outsider" who did not attempt to become a product of the established culture of American society. Cross was considered a complete opposite to Bigger Thomas, another character created by Richard Wright in his novel Native Son. He also ridicules Communist techniques and lives according to the principles of free choice. Cross Damon committed murder in a completely different spirit than Bigger Thomas. He acts as an individual who is free to do whatever his habits and desires lead him to do. His is not a victim of social and environmental pressures outside his control. In many ways, Cross Damon resembles Meursault, the hero of Albert Camus novel The Stranger. Both men lived outside of any involvement with common humanity and paid no attention to social mores.
# Ivana Milanovic

Ivana M. Milanovic is a Serbian and American mechanical engineer and engineering educator. A specialist in the computational fluid dynamics of fluid jets, she is also known for her advocacy of simulation software in the classroom. She is a professor of mechanical, aerospace, and acoustical engineering at the University of Hartford.

## Education and career

Milanovic is originally from Čačak and went to school in Belgrade. She earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Belgrade, in 1988, with a thesis involving heat transfer for building-level heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Next, she worked in industry on geothermal energy and energy-efficient buildings. Returning from 1991 to 1995 to the University of Belgrade as an assistant professor in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, she began her work in fluid mechanics, earning a master's degree in 1993 under the supervision of Vladan Đorđević.
She came to the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute (now the New York University Tandon School of Engineering) as a doctoral student in 1995, working there with George Vradis, and completed her Ph.D. there in 1999. After a year as a lecturer at Columbia University, she joined the University of Hartford as an assistant professor in 2001. She was promoted to associate professor in 2006 and full professor in 2012.

## Recognition

Milanovic was elected as an ASME Fellow in 2019. In 2022, the American Society for Engineering Education gave her their Northeast Section Outstanding Teacher Award, and the University of Hartford gave her their Roy E. Larsen Award for Excellence in Teaching.
# Tremor of Intent: An Eschatological Spy Novel

Tremor of Intent: An Eschatological Spy Novel (1966), by Anthony Burgess, is an English espionage novel.
Burgess conceived it as a reaction both to the heavy-handed and humourless spy fiction of John le Carré, and to Ian Fleming's James Bond, a character Burgess thought an imperialist relic. The subtitle "An Eschatological Spy Novel" refers to Burgess's idea of the Cold War as a hostile symbiosis, an "ultimate conflict" for which Good and Evil are inadequate terms. In Burgess's view the Soviet bloc and the West formed a yin and yang-type duoverse. In You've Had Your Time, the second volume of his autobiography, he confesses that the title of the novel occurred to him one hungover morning when his hand began shaking and his wife said, "That is tremor of intent."
The novel has confused some readers and critics because it straddles the dichotomies between serious fiction and comic fiction, and between popular genre storytelling and metaphysical philosophy. It's also an example of one of Burgess's experiments in combining musical forms with literature: its structure is based on sonata form.
The subtitle "An Eschatological Spy Novel" appears on the dust cover of the first American edition, but does not appear on the title page of the novel. The British first edition, published by William Heinemann, does not include the subtitle on the dust cover or the title page.
The uncorrected proofs of the novel state where and when the novel was written: "Etchingham, June 20-August 30, 1965."
Anthony Burgess later wrote a screenplay for the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) featuring characters from the novel, but it was rejected in favor of Richard Maibaum's script.

## Plot summary

The amoral Agent Hillier of MI6 journeys to the city of Yarylyuk aboard the passenger ship Polyolbion, on a mission to infiltrate a conference of Soviet scientists and return to the United Kingdom with his childhood friend Roper, who has defected to the Soviet Union. En route Hillier meets the sexually precocious sixteen-year-old Clara, the voluptuous femme fatale Miss Devi and the shadowy tycoon Theodorescu.