# Witten

Witten (German: ) is a city with almost 100,000 inhabitants in the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis (district) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

## Geography

Witten is situated in the Ruhr valley, in the southern Ruhr area.

### Bordering municipalities

* Bochum
* Dortmund
* Herdecke
* Wetter (Ruhr)
* Sprockhövel
* Hattingen

### Boroughs

Witten is divided into eight boroughs and each borough is further divided into two or more city-districts. Every district has its own district-number:
* Witten-Mitte: 11 Innenstadt, 12 Oberdorf-Helenenberg, 13 Industriegebiet-West, 14 Krone, 15 Crengeldanz, 16 Hauptfriedhof, 17 Stadion, 18 Industriegebiet-Nord, 19 Hohenstein
* Düren: 21 Düren-Nord, 22 Düren-Sued
* Stockum: 31 Stockum-Mitte, 32 Dorney, 33 Stockumer Bruch, 34 Wilhelmshöhe
* Annen: 41 Tiefendorf, 42 Wullen, 43 Annen-Mitte-Nord, 44 Annen-Mitte-Süd, 45 Kohlensiepen, 46 Wartenberg, 47 Gedern
* Rüdinghausen: 51 Industriegebiet-Ost, 52 Rüdinghausen-Mitte, 53 Buchholz, 54 Schnee
* Bommern: 61 Steinhausen, 62 Bommerbank, 63 Bommerfeld, 64 Wettberg, 65 Buschey, 66 Bommeregge
* Heven: 71 Papenholz, 72 Hellweg, 73 Wannen, 74 Heven-Dorf, 75 Lake
* Herbede: 81 Herbede-Ort, 82 Vormholz, 83 Bommerholz-Muttental, 84 Durchholz, 85 Buchholz-Kaempen

## Population 1739–2020

| Year | Inhabitants |
| 1739 | 566 |
| 1787 | 690 |
| 1808 | 1,587 |
| 1830 | 2,210 |
| 1 December 1840 | 2,987 |
| 1 December 1855 | 5,112 |
| 3 December 1858 | 6,908 |
| 3 December 1864 | 10,500 |
| 3 December 1867 | 12,200 |
| 1 December 1871 | 15,161 |
| 1 December 1875 | 18,100 |
| 1 December 1880 | 21,600 |
| 1 December 1885 | 23,879 |
| Year | Inhabitants |
| 1 December 1890 | 26,310 |
| 2 December 1895 | 28,769 |
| 1 December 1900 | 33,517 |
| 1 December 1905 | 35,841 |
| 1 December 1910 | 37,450 |
| 1 December 1916 | 34,864 |
| 5 December 1917 | 35,033 |
| 8 October 1919 | 37,441 |
| 16 June 1925 | 45,519 |
| 16 June 1933 | 72,580 |
| 17 May 1939 | 73,365 |
| 31 December 1945 | 70,276 |
| 29 October 1946 | 69,384 |
| Year | Inhabitants |
| 13 September 1950 | 76,312 |
| 25 September 1956 | 91,706 |
| 6 June 1961 | 96,462 |
| 31 December 1965 | 98,506 |
| 27 May 1970 | 97,379 |
| 31 December 1975 | 108,771 |
| 31 December 1980 | 105,876 |
| 31 December 1985 | 102,259 |
| 25 May 1987 | 102,902 |
| 31 December 1990 | 105,403 |
| 31 December 1995 | 104,754 |
| 31 December 2000 | 103,196 |
| 30 June 2005 | 101,019 |
| Year | Inhabitants |
| 31 December 2011 | 98,330 |
| 31 December 2015 | 96,700 |
| 31 December 2016 | 96,781 |
| 31 December 2019 | 96,459 |
| 31 December 2020 | 95,876 |

## History

Witten was first mentioned in historic sources in 1214, however the borough Herbede (which was incorporated into the city in 1975) dates back to 851. The city was a mining town from 1578. In 1946, it was included in North Rhine-Westphalia on its establishment. In 1975 Witten was included in the administrative district Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis and it is now its biggest city. 1975 was also the year Witten was first counted to have more than 100,000 inhabitants, the threshold to be considered a large city ("Großstadt") in Germany.

### Roburit Explosion

In the late 19th century Witten was known for the Roburit dynamite. This dynamite was once used by coal mines around the world. In 1906 an explosion occurred, resulting in the deaths of 41 people.

## Politics

In the local elections of 2004 the Social Democratic Party (SPD) was the largest party on the council with 24 seats. It was followed by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) with 18 and the Alliance 90/The Greens with 7, the WBG (a conservative lis) and Free Democrats with four each, FLW (also a conservative list) with three, National Democratic Party two, and the PDS/WAL (socialists) and AUF Witten (a left wing list) with one each.
From 2004 to 2020, for the first time in its history, the council was led by a female mayor: Sonja Leidemann (SPD). In the election of 2020 she lost her mandate to Lars König (CDU).

### Mayor

The current mayor of Witten is Lars König of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Sonja Leidemann | Social Democratic Party | 12,365 | 34.5 | 11,365 | 40.0 |
| | Lars König | Christian Democratic Union | 10,595 | 29.6 | 17,036 | 60.0 |
| | Stefan Borggraefe | Pirate Party Germany | 4,005 | 11.2 |
| | Martin Strautz | Citizens' Forum | 2,276 | 6.4 |
| | Ursula Weiß | The Left | 2,227 | 6.2 |
| | Richard Surrey | Witten Citzen's Association/Free Voters | 1,793 | 5.0 |
| | Michael Hasenkamp | CityClimate Witten | 1,110 | 3.1 |
| | Hans-Peter Skotarzik | Witten.Direct | 1,052 | 2.9 |
| | Norman Kerner | Independent | 397 | 1.1 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 35,820 | 98.1 | 28,401 | 98.7 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 709 | 1.9 | 369 | 1.3 |
| Total | Total | Total | 36,529 | 100.0 | 28,770 | 100.0 |
| Electorate/voter turnout | Electorate/voter turnout | Electorate/voter turnout | 78,110 | 46.8 | 77,920 | 36.9 |
| Source: City of Witten (1st round, 2nd round) |||||||

### City council

The Witten city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:
| Party | Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- |
| | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 9,052 | 25.2 | 10.0 | 16 | 9 |
| | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 8,349 | 23.2 | 0.3 | 15 | 2 |
| | Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 7,404 | 20.6 | 7.6 | 13 | 4 |
| | Citizens' Forum (BF) | 2,182 | 6.1 | 4.4 | 4 | 3 |
| | Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 1,681 | 4.7 | New | 3 | New |
| | Pirate Party Germany (Piraten) | 1,536 | 4.3 | 2.2 | 3 | 1 |
| | The Left (Die Linke) | 1,441 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 3 | 1 |
| | Witten Citizens' Association/Free Voters (WGB-FW) | 1,120 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 2 | ±0 |
| | Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 838 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 2 | ±0 |
| | Die PARTEI | 739 | 2.1 | New | 1 | New |
| | CityClimate Witten (SKW) | 631 | 1.8 | New | 1 | New |
| | Witten.Direct (W.D) | 535 | 1.5 | New | 1 | New |
| | Alternative Independent Progressive Witten (AUF) | 227 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 | 1 |
| | Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP) | 139 | 0.4 | New | 0 | New |
| | Grassroots Democratic List Witten (BLW) | 87 | 0.2 | New | 0 | New |
| | Independent Norman Kerner | 13 | 0.0 | New | 0 | New |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 35,974 | 98.5 | | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 547 | 1.5 | | | |
| Total | Total | 36,521 | 100.0 | | 64 | 8 |
| Electorate/voter turnout | Electorate/voter turnout | 78,108 | 46.8 | 0.4 | | |
| Source: City of Witten |||||||

### State Landtag

In the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia, Witten is part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis II constituency. Nadja Büteführ of the SPD was elected as representative in the 2017 state election. Verena Schäffer of the Greens also ran in the constituency and was elected to the Landtag on her party's state list.

### Federal parliament

In the Bundestag, Witten is part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis II constituency. Axel Echeverria of the SPD was elected as representative in the 2021 German federal election.

## Transport

Witten is connected to the Autobahn network by the A 43 and A 44 motorways. It has a central station, connecting the city to the regional-train-network of Deutsche Bahn with direct connections to Hagen, Bochum, Essen, Siegen, Wuppertal, Düsseldorf, Aachen or Dortmund. Local service is carried out by the BOGESTRA, a joint venture between the cities of Bochum and Gelsenkirchen, to which most of the bus lines in Witten belong. There is a tram line connecting to Bochum. From mid-December on, there will be two tram lines, which will run in Witten (lines 309 and 310). When the new track to Langendreer is completed (September 2020), the tram lines will ride to the station of Bochum-Langendreer (309) or to Wattenscheid-Höntrop via Bochum main station (310). Public transport in the city is carried out according to the fare system of the VRR transport association.

## Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Witten with its two lions once belong to the Everhards von Witten-Steinhausen and was first mentioned in 1283. The family of Witten-Steinhausen belongs to the founders of the town of Witten. Their slogan was: "Sigillum Hermanni de Wittene". Because of its long history this coat of arms was the only one in the Ruhr area, that was not forbidden by the Allies in May 1945, after the end of the Second World War.

## Culture

* Hebezeug-Museum – a museum dedicated to cranes and hoist founded by J. D. Neuhaus and is located on the Route der Industriekultur.
* Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik, festival for contemporary chamber music, held annually at the end of April
* Märkisches Museum (Witten) [de]

## Twin towns – sister cities

Witten is twinned with:
* Beauvais, France (1975)
* Barking and Dagenham, England, United Kingdom (1979)
* Mallnitz, Austria (1979)
* Lev HaSharon, Israel (1979)
* Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany (1990)
* Kursk, Russia (1990)
* Tczew, Poland (1990)
* San Carlos, Nicaragua (1990)
* Mekelle, Ethiopia (2016)

## Religions
### Roman Catholic

When Witten was first mentioned in historical documents, it was part of the Archdiocese of Cologne. Since 1821 it has been a part of the Diocese of Paderborn; however, the borough of Herbede belongs to the Diocese of Essen. In the 19th century the Ruhr area drew up to 500,000 Poles from East Prussia and Silesia, most of whom were Catholic. Hundreds settled in Witten, leading to a growth in the Catholic community. Today, between 30 and 40 per cent of the population is Catholic.

### Protestant

In the 16th century Witten was influenced by Martin Luther's Reformation, and until the late 19th century, Witten was a predominantly Protestant town with just a few Catholic inhabitants. Between 30 and 40 per cent of the population is Protestant today.

### Muslims

There are four mosques in Witten, Annen and Herbede today, founded by immigrants from Turkey who arrived in the 1970s and 1980s. Between five and eight per cent of the population is Muslim.

### Jews

In 1815 the first Jewish community was mentioned in Witten. In 1938 the synagogue was destroyed during the so-called "Reichspogromnacht" (also known as Kristallnacht) of 9–10 November 1938. Today, only about a dozen Jews live in Witten. They belong to the Jewish community in Dortmund.
Since 1994 the place of the former synagogue is marked with a memorial.

## Notable people

* Ingeborg Danz (born 1961), concert singer
* Theodor Detmers (1902–1976), officer
* Felix Dornebusch (born 1994), football player
* Mirko Englich (born 1978), wrestler
* Dennis Eilhoff (born 1982), football player
* Robert Graf (1923–1966), actor
* Martin Geck (1936–2019), musicologist
* Ralf Kapschack (born 1954), politician (SPD)
* Carsten Keuler (born 1971), football player
* Jochen Nickel (born 1959), actor
* Sorina Nwachukwu (born 1987), sprinter
* Paul Pleiger (1899–1985), industrialist and corporate executive (NSDAP)
* Alexandra Popp (born 1991), football player
* Andreas Reckwitz (born 1970), sociologist
* Stephan Remmler (born 1949), singer
* Moritz Römling (born 2001), football player
* Otto Schlüter (1872–1959), geographer
* Joseph Schmidt-Görg (1897–1981), musicologist and composer
* Otto Schott (1851–1935), chemist
* Erich Schöppner (1932–2005), boxer
* Michael Schulz (born 1961), football player
* Josef Sieber (1900–1962), film actor
* Wilhelm Utermann (1912–1991), writer and journalist
* Willi Veller (1896–1941), politician (NSDAP)
* Tanja Wedhorn (born 1971), actress
* Charles Paul Wilp (1932–2005), artist and photographer
* Rosi Wolfstein (1888–1987), politician (KPD)