OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# BR-369 (Brazil highway)

BR-369 is a Brazilian federal highway that begins in Oliveira, Minas Gerais and ends in Cascavel in the state of Paraná. The highway also serves the municipalities of Campo Belo, Boa Esperança, and Campos Gerais in Minas Gerais; Pirassununga, Jaú, Bauru, and Ourinhos in the state of São Paulo; and Londrina and Campo Mourão in Paraná.

## Duplications

The highway is duplicated in a few parts.
BR-369, as well as BRs 277 and 376, which form a triangle within the state of Paraná, were granted to private companies in 1997, at the beginning of the era of road concessions in Brazil. The contracts are valid until 2021. Initially, 995 km of roads in Paraná should be duplicated, and the population was promised that the State would have First World highways, strongly boosting economic growth. But additions were soon signed that removed duplications and other works from the contracts. The duplication commitment fell from 995 to 616 km. To make matters worse, in 2019, what had been doubled was no more than 300 km, even with toll rates rising every year. The MPF (Federal Public Ministry) then carried out Operation Integration, which showed that the changes made to the contracts are part of a millionaire kickback scheme. The companies paid at least R $ 35 million in fees to achieve these changes in contracts. The estimated diversion of money in the toll system amounts to R $ 8.4 billion. Some of those cited by the MPF to receive these fees are: Jaime Lerner, Roberto Requião and Beto Richa, all former governors of the State of Paraná, and the concessionaires Rodonorte, Econorte, Ecovia, Ecocataratas, Caminhos do Paraná and Viapar.
For the next concession, to take place in 2021, the Federal Government, under the command of Jair Bolsonaro, and the Government of the State of Paraná, under the command of Ratinho Jr., intend, together, adopt a model with lower tariffs, ensure that duplications occur quickly, and also ensure transparency in spending.

## History

The Grain Highway was created to dispose of the immense agricultural production of Paraná, and in 1963 the sections Maringá - Ourinhos and Uraí - Cornélio Procópio were delivered.

## Economic importance

The highway is extremely important to transport products from agriculture, livestock and industry from the states of Paraná to São Paulo and vice versa. As some examples, we have soy, corn, coffee, beef, paper and cellulose, wood, furniture and other important products in the region.
The highway also connects the western states of Paraná and São Paulo with Paraguay. Paraguay imports most of the products it consumes from Brazil (one of the main promoters of the Paraguayan economy). Therefore, trade and tourism with Paraguay are strong in the region. Foz do Iguaçu and Ciudad del Este benefit directly from the highway.

## Gallery

* BR-369 between Cambé and Londrina, Paraná.
* BR-369 in Boa Esperança, Minas Gerais
# Cao Gan

Cao Gan (214 – 14 September 261), also known as Cao Liang, was an imperial prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China.

## Life

Cao Gan was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to prominence towards the end of the Han dynasty and laid the foundation for the Cao Wei state. His birth mother was Lady Chen (陳妾), a concubine of Cao Cao, but he was raised by Lady Wang (王夫人), another of Cao Cao's concubines, because Lady Chen died early.
In 215, Cao Gan was enfeoffed as the "Marquis of Gaoping Village" (高平亭侯) by Emperor Xian, the figurehead emperor of the Han dynasty. In 217, his title was first changed to "Marquis of Lai Village" (賴亭侯) and then to "Marquis of Hongnong" (弘農侯) within the same year. When Cao Cao was critically ill in early 220, he told his heir apparent Cao Pi, "This boy was only three years old when his mother died. Now, he's going to lose his father too when he's just five years old. Please take good care of him." Cao Pi followed his father's dying wish and treated Cao Gan and his other half-brothers kindly. The young Cao Gan often called Cao Pi "aweng" (阿翁; an affectionate way of addressing one's father, grandfather or an older man) but Cao Pi corrected him, "I am your elder brother." Cao Pi was often moved to tears when he saw how Cao Gan looked up to him like a father.
In 220, Cao Pi usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, ended the Han dynasty, and established the Cao Wei state with himself as the new emperor. A year later, he enfeoffed his half-brother Cao Gan as the Duke of Yan (燕公). In 222, he promoted Cao Gan from a duke to a prince under the title "Prince of Hejian" (河間王). Cao Gan's title was later changed to "Prince of Lecheng" (樂城王) in 224, and then to "Prince of Julu" (鉅鹿王) in 226.
In 232, Cao Pi's successor, Cao Rui, changed Cao Gan's title to "Prince of Zhao" (趙王). In 234, someone reported Cao Gan to the imperial court for violating imperial protocol by privately hosting guests without authorisation. Although Cao Rui did not punish Cao Gan for the infringement, he issued an imperial decree to reprimand Cao Gan for his conduct.
Throughout the later reign of Cao Rui to the reigns of the subsequent Wei emperors (Cao Fang and Cao Huan), the number of taxable households in Cao Gan's princedom increased until it reached 5,000. Cao Gan died on 14 September 261 during the reign of Cao Huan, the last Wei emperor.
# Local Government, Planning and Land Act 1980

The Local Government, Planning and Land Act 1980 (c. 65) imposed tendering requirements on local authorities in relation to works contracts and was responsible for the establishment of development corporations, including the London Docklands Development Corporation.
It also created the Public Request to Order Disposal, which can be used by the government to force a local authority to sell derelict land and empty property owned by certain public landlords. The power was renamed the Community Right to Reclaim Land in 2011.
# Byron J Scullin

Byron J Scullin is an Australian composer and sound designer.
His sound design work has appeared in performances and exhibitions at National Gallery of Victoria, Rising Festival, and Dark Mofo.
His 2015 Dark Mofo art piece Bass Bath was a collaboration with the company Supple Fox, made up of Hannah Fox and Tom Supple. The work featured eight "2100 horsepower monolithic subwoofers" in the space which audience members could move around to change their experience, with the low tones causing a physical sensation across their body.
In 2017 he returned to Dark Mofo with Supple Fox. Their art piece Siren Songs included 450 speakers and a helicopter broadcasting sound around the city as part of the performance which The Guardian called "eerie, dark and beautiful." The work later toured the Perth Festival where it was reworked for the new setting. They then reimagined the piece as Clarion Call for a performance in Ipswich as part of SPILL Festival of Performance where it included local musicians Shirley Collins, Elizabeth Fraser, and Beth Gibbons.
Byron has released one single under the alias Spiderface. A Seasonal Gift was released in 2014 as a free single with David Thrussell. Elsewhere, he has worked with Francois Tetaz, Darrin Verhagen, Philip Brophy, and Midnight Juggernauts.
In 2016 he co-founded the Melbourne Electronic Sound Studio (MESS) along with Robin Fox, which contains a collection of synthesisers and other electronic music instruments available to the public.
In 2021, Scullin's work The Rivers Sing (created with artists Deborah Cheetham Fraillon and Thomas Supple) was presented as part of the RISING: festival in Melbourne. It was presented again as part of RISING: 2024.
# Werner Burger (numismatist)

Werner Burger (Chinese name: 布威纳 Bu Weina; 1936 – 15 November 2021) was a German numismatist specialising in Chinese coins of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). He wrote the first PhD on Chinese numismatics.

## Life

Burger was born in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, in 1936. He studied Chinese at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), graduating in 1962. He went to China in 1963 to teach German in Shanghai. When the school he was teaching at closed down, he was sent to be a sheep farmer. He then moved to Hong Kong to research Chinese numismatics. He died in Hong Kong on 15 November 2021.

## Publications

* “Manchu Inscriptions on Chinese Cash Coins”, in The American Numismatic Society Museum Notes XI (1964)
* “Um Amuleto em Manchu”, in Boletim do Instituto Luís de Camões (1969)
* “Minting during the Qianlong Period: Comparing the Actual Coins with the Mint Reports”, in Christine Moll-Murata, Song Jianze and Hans Ulrich Vogel (eds.), Chinese Handicraft Regulations of the Qing Dynasty (2005)
* Chinese section of Coins of the World 1750-1850, by W.D. Craig (1976)
* Ch’ing cash until 1735, Mei Ya Publications, Taipei, 1976
* Ch’ing Cash, University Museum and Art Gallery, The University of Hong Kong, 2016.
# Halcyon (Delphic song)

"Halcyon" is the fourth single by British alternative dance band Delphic, and is the sixth track on their debut album Acolyte. The single reached #143 in the UK singles chart.

## Advertising

The song was featured nationwide on the new 2010 advert for the Samsung Monte mobile phone.

## Music video

The video features the band dressed in hooded black robes, standing on top of a mound of slates. A woman dances in the wind, whilst the drummer plays on branches and stones. Shots of wool also feature heavily throughout the video.

## Track listing

* 7"
* "Halcyon"
* "Wake"
* Download
* "Halcyon"
* "Wake"
* "Halcyon (L-Vis 1990 remix)"
* "Halcyon (Silkie remix) [iTunes exclusive]"

## Chart performance

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart | 143 |
# Chemical Markup Language

Chemical Markup Language (ChemML or CML) is an approach to managing molecular information using tools such as XML and Java. It was the first domain specific implementation based strictly on XML, first based on a DTD and later on an XML Schema, the most robust and widely used system for precise information management in many areas. It has been developed over more than a decade by Murray-Rust, Rzepa and others and has been tested in many areas and on a variety of machines.
Chemical information is traditionally stored in many different file types which inhibit reuse of the documents. CML uses XML's portability to help CML developers and chemists design interoperable documents. There are a number of tools that can generate, process and view CML documents. Publishers can distribute chemistry within XML documents by using CML, e.g. in RSS documents.
CML is capable of supporting a wide range of chemical concepts including:
* molecules
* reactions
* spectra and analytical data
* computational chemistry
* chemical crystallography and materials
Details of CML and points currently under discussion are now posted on the CML Blog.

## Versioning

Versions of the schema are available at SourceForge. As of April 2012, the latest frozen schema is CML v2.4. Some constructs in CML v1 are now deprecated.

## Tools

JUMBO began life as the Java Universal Molecular Browser for Objects but is now a Java library that supports validation, reading and writing of CML as well as conversion of several legacy formats to CML and, for example, a reaction in CML to an animated SVG representation of the reaction. JUMBO has evolved into an extensive Java library, CMLDOM, supporting all elements in the schema. Although JUMBO used to be a browser, the preferred approach is to use the Open Source tools Jmol and JChemPaint, some of which use alternative CML libraries. See Blue Obelisk.

## Software support

Software importing and exporting a valid CML format
* Bioclipse
* CDK
* JOELib
* OpenBabel
* Avogadro
* XDrawChem
* OpenChrom
# Étoile du Nord (train)

The Étoile du Nord was an international express train. It linked Paris Nord in Paris, France, with Brussels, Belgium, and, for most of its existence, also with Amsterdam CS in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Its name meant literally "Star of the North" (North Star), and alluded not only to its route heading north from Paris, but also to one of its original operators, the Chemin de Fer du Nord.

## History

From its introduction in 1924 until 1927, the Étoile du Nord was a Rapide between Paris Nord and Brussels Midi/Zuid, and was operated by the CF du Nord and the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB). In 1927, it became a luxury train between Paris Nord and Amsterdam CS, via Brussels, and was operated by its original operators, along with the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) and the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL). There was one train per day in each direction.
In 1937, the CF du Nord became part of the SNCF. Two years later, in 1939, the Étoile du Nord was suspended upon the outbreak of World War II. In 1946, the train was revived, initially as a Rapide. In 1957, it became a first-class-only Trans Europ Express (TEE). In June 1984, it was downgraded to a two-class InterCity, but three years later, it was reclassified as one of the inaugural EuroCity trains. On 2 June 1996, it was replaced by an unnamed Thalys service.
# Zeb Kendall House

The Zeb Kendall House, at 159 University Ave. in Tonopah, Nevada, United States, was built in 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
It was deemed significant for its association with Zebeniezer "Zeb" Kendall (d.1954), a prominent Tonopah citizen who developed mining interests, operated the Palace Hotel, and represented Nye County in the Nevada state legislature. It is also significant for its architecture as a well-preserved Neo-Colonial wood-frame structure.
# Cao Guojiu

Cao Guojiu, literally Imperial Brother-in-law Cao, is a Chinese mythological figure and one of the Eight Immortals in the Taoist pantheon. His real name was Cao Yi while his courtesy name was Jingxiu, and he was better known to his contemporaries as Cao Jingxiu.
Cao Guojiu is believed to be a descendant of Cao Bin, a general of the early Song dynasty, and a younger brother of Empress Cao, the wife of Emperor Renzong of the Song dynasty. As none of Emperor Renzong's sons survived their father, the emperor designated a younger male relative, who later became Emperor Yingzong, as his successor. As such, Cao could not have been a maternal uncle of Emperor Yingzong, so his "Imperial Uncle" status seemed ambiguous. However, as the Chinese character jiu (舅), which means "maternal uncle", can also mean "wife's brother", it is believed that the latter meaning should apply to Cao. In other words, Cao was the "Imperial Brother-in-Law" of Emperor Renzong rather than an "Imperial (Maternal) Uncle" of any Song dynasty emperor.
Cao's younger brother, Cao Jingzhi (曹景植), abused his relationship with the imperial family by bullying others and engaging in corrupt practices. Cao tried to persuade his brother to change his ways but he did not listen. In the meantime, he also used his family fortune to help the poor and tried to make up for his brother's misdeeds. One day, Cao Jingzhi was accused by other officials in the imperial court of corruption and abuse of power. Cao Guojiu felt so ashamed and disappointed by his brother's misconduct that he gave up his official career and went to the countryside to lead a reclusive life.$^{:301}$ During this time, he met the immortals Zhongli Quan and Lü Dongbin, who taught him Taoist magical arts. After many years of practice and cultivation, Cao himself also became an immortal.
In other versions of his myth, he was Emperor Renzong's actual brother and attempted to reform Renzong due to his political corruption.
Cao is often depicted dressed in official robes and holding a jade tablet or paiban (clapper). He is also regarded as the patron deity of acting and theatre.

## Modern references

In the television show Jackie Chan Adventures, Cao was shown to be the Immortal who sealed away Tchang Zu, The Thunder Demon. He was depicted as missing his lower right leg, seemingly mistaken for Li Tieguai, and was instead later revealed as the Immortal who first sealed away Bai Tza, The Water Demon by way of the gourd that Uncle used to later seal her away permanently.
# Nicaragua Investment Conditionality Act

The Nicaragua Investment Conditionality Act, also known as NICA Act, is a bill that, as a response to the alleged election fraud committed by Nicaraguan president Daniel Ortega during the 2016 election, prevented Nicaragua from taking additional loans until it was willing to "[take] effective steps to hold free, fair and transparent elections."

## Procedural history

In 2016, the bill was passed by the United States House of Representatives but not the Senate and was reintroduced to the House of Representatives during a new session in 2017. The Nicaraguan Government opposed this bill, with Nicaraguan Vice President and First Lady Rosario Murillo calling it a “reactionary and interventionist" action that would “undermine the right of Nicaragua to continue developing the socialist model.”. All ALBA member states are opposed to the bill. An international group of notable trade unionists has also voiced their opposition to the bill by signing a solidarity statement in support of the Government of Nicaragua: Rosa Pavanelli of Public Services International; Joe O'Flynn of SIPTU; Owen Tudor of Trades Union Congress; Tim Roache of Britain's General Union; Kevin Courtney of National Union of Teachers; Mick Cash of National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers; Dave Prentis of UNISON. Human Rights Watch supported the legislation, calling it “a powerful tool to press the Ortega-Murillo government to end its pattern of abuse against opponents”.
On December 20, 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump signed the NICA Act into law after it was unanimously approved by Congress. This enactment came eight months after the beginning of the 2018–2020 Nicaraguan protests.
# Cardo Decumanus Crossing

Cardo Decumanus Crossing was in the heart of Roman Berytus (actual Beirut, Lebanon).

## Overview

The Cardo and Decumanus Maximus were the main colonnaded streets of Roman Berytus.
Today, five erected columns mark the crossing of the Cardo and the Decumanus Maximus, the two main colonnaded streets of Roman Berytus. The Cardo Maximus connected the Roman Forum to a large complex, extending from the al-Azariyeh building to Riad Al Solh Square. The Decumanus Maximus ran perpendicular to Emir Bashir Street. Salvaged material from these colonnaded streets was used since the Umayyad period to build a new city wall and a water reservoir near the Roman crossing.
The construction of the ring road in 1860 and building projects of the 20th century eliminated most of the ancient features. The new entrance to the Garden of Forgiveness gives access to the original Roman street.

## History

The Cardo Maximus connected the Roman Forum to a large complex, that was the center of the old Roman city. The Decumanus Maximus ran parallel to Emir Bashir Street, following the line of the earlier Romano-Hellenistic city wall.
The site of the crossing and the stairway next to it were once known as ‘the stairway of the forty martyrs’, commemorating the story of forty Christians martyred during Roman persecutions. The stairway led from Emir Bashir Street to the pre-war food markets or souks: al-Lahhamin (the meat market), as-Samak (the fish market), al-Bayd (the egg market) and Al-Khodra (the vegetable market).
The construction of the ring road in 1860, connecting the Damascus-Beirut road to the harbor, and later building projects of the 20th century have obliterated most of the ancient features. The new entrance to the Garden of Forgiveness gives access to the original Roman street.

## Timeline

* 1860: The construction of the ring road, connecting the Damascus-Beirut road to the harbor, and later building projects of the 20th century have obliterated most of the ancient features.
# Butterfish

Butterfish may refer to:
* Stromateidae, found in coastal waters off the Americas, western Africa and in the Indo-Pacific
* Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), found in muddy sea beds in the North Pacific Ocean
* Rock gunnel (Pholis gunnellus), ray-finned fish, found in the coastal waters of the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Atlantic part of the Arctic Ocean
* Pacific rudderfish (Psenopsis anomala), also as Japanese butterfish and simply butterfish, found in the Western Pacific, near Japan, in the Taiwan Strait and in the East China Sea
* Pentapodus nagasakiensis, also known as Japanese butterfish or Japanese whiptail, found in the Western Pacific.
* Escolar is sometimes fraudulently labelled as butterfish.
# Werner Bräunig

Werner Bräunig (12 May 1934 – 14 August 1976) was a German author. He is best known for his posthumously published novel Rummelplatz (German for "Fairground").
The novel was to be part of a Communist Party campaign to establish a new kind of working class literature by encouraging talented labourers to write fiction about their everyday lives. Bräunig started work on his only novel Rummelplatz in 1960. The novel deals with work in the Soviet owned uranium mines of the Wismut AG and covers the time span from the foundation of the GDR in 1949 to the uprising in East Germany on 17 June 1953. Though the novel clearly shows the author's conviction that capitalism always ends up in Fascism and therefore communism is the only chance for mankind, the preprinted chapters of the book were heavily criticized by the 11th plenum of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany as defaming the working class and the Soviet Union. In contrast to official propaganda, Bräunig portrayed the Wismut miners not as a kind of working-class elite, but as ordinary people struggling to make a living after World War II, spending their spare time in pubs or at the local fairground ("Rummelplatz") and with little interest in politics.
In 2007 the novel was published and nominated for the Leipzig Book Fair Prize. An English translation by Samuel P. Willcocks was published in 2015 by Seagull Books. The 2012 film Barbara was partially inspired by the novel.
# Harry Pratt

Harry Pratt may refer to:
* Harry H. Pratt (1864–1932), U.S. Representative from New York
* Harry Rogers Pratt (1886–1956), professor of music and drama
* Harry Truman Pratt Sr. (1873–1945), American educator, artist, and civic leader