OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# L. W. de Laurence

L. W. de Laurence (full name Lauron William de Laurence, also spelled DeLaurence 31 October 1868 – 11 September 1936) was an American author and publisher on occult and spiritual topics. His publications, including his edition of the Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses influenced the practise of magic among the African diaspora in the Americas, as well as in the Caribbean.

## Early life

De Laurence was born in 1868 in Cleveland, Ohio. Laurence initially worked as a magnet healer and a hypnotist, travelling around Canada and the American Midwest where he achieved some prominence. He also worked for a time at a "school of suggestive theraputics". He published his first book in 1900, when he moved to Chicago.

## De Laurence, Scott & Co.

His publishing company (De Laurence, Scott & Co.) and spiritual supply mail order house was located in Chicago, Illinois. De Laurence was a pioneer in the business of supplying magical and occult goods by mail order, and his distribution of public domain books, such as Secrets of the Psalms by Godfrey Selig and Pow Wows or the Long-Lost Friend by John George Hohman had a great and lasting effect on the African American urban hoodoo community in the southern United States, as well as on the development of Obeah in Jamaica.
De Laurence, Scott & Co had a reputation for pirating the books of other occultists. De Laurence also wrote his own works, including The Master Key, a personal development book. In addition, he is believed to have co-written some books with his fellow Chicago resident, the prolific New Thought and yoga author William Walker Atkinson.
In early 1930 he was consecrated a bishop by the Spiritualist Arthur Edward Leighton (1890–1963), a bishop of the American Catholic Church. His consecration influenced the move of some black spiritualist churches towards a more traditional view of Christianity. In the year of his death, 1936, he may have consecrated the first bishops for these churches, among them Thomas B. Watson (1898–1985) of New Orleans.

## Death

De Laurence died in 1936.
# Edward IV (play)

Edward IV, Parts 1 and 2 is a two-part Elizabethan history play centring on the personal life of King Edward IV of England. It was published without an author's name attached, but is often attributed to Thomas Heywood, perhaps writing with collaborators.

## Publication history

The two parts were entered into the Stationers' Register together on 28 August 1599, and were published together later that year in a quarto issued by the bookseller John Oxenbridge. The title page of the first edition states that the play was acted by "the Earl of Derby his servants". A second quarto was released in 1600 by Oxenbridge and Humphrey Lownes. The play was popular, and was reprinted in 1605, 1613, 1619, and 1626. All of the early quartos were anonymous; Heywood was first connected with the plays by Francis Kirkman in his 1661 play list.

## Plot

The central character in the play is Jane Shore, the king's mistress. The historical events of the reign of Edward IV form a background, involving "the bastard Faulconbridge," the "Tanner of Tamworth," and other figures of the era. The play draws material from the 1587 edition of Holinshed's Chronicles.
The play shows Edward wooing Jane, Jane struggling with the morality of accepting the king's offers, but using her influence to grant pardons to those wrongfully punished. In the end she expresses regret for her relationship with Edward. After Edward's death she is cast out by the new king Richard III. In this version of events, Jane is reconciled with her husband right before dying. They are buried together in a ditch which is named "Shores Ditch, as in the memory of them". This is supposed to be the origin of the name Shoreditch.

## Author

The play has often been attributed to Heywood; the normally cautious W. W. Greg regarded it as "undoubtedly Heywood's" — though the rarely cautious F. G. Fleay demurred. Some scholars have dated the play as early as 1594; others have favored a date toward the end of that decade. The records of theatre manager Philip Henslowe show that Henry Chettle and John Day were working on a play about Jane Shore in May 1603 for Worcester's Men, the company with which Heywood was associated at the time. A play on Jane Shore was popular in the first decade of the 17th century, and is mentioned in The Knight of the Burning Pestle (1607) and Pimlico or Run Red-Cap (1609). In Part 1 of Edward IV, Act III scene ii, is a three-part song about the Battle of Agincourt that strongly resembles Michael Drayton's The Ballad of Agincourt — and Drayton was a regular writer for Henslowe c. 1600 and frequently collaborated with Chettle and others. All of these facts and factors, taken together, suggest that Edward IV was composed by Heywood, perhaps with other Henslowe house dramatists, and perhaps revised over a span of years by various hands.

## Performances

In 1607, a company of English actors touring Austria were at the archducal court of Graz; on 19 November they performed, for Archduke Ferdinand II and his duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria, a play called The King of England and the Goldsmith's Wife — which might have been Edward IV.
# 1998–99 First League of the Republika Srpska

The 1998–99 First League of the Republika Srpska was the 4th season since establishment. Since Football Association of Republika Srpska is not a member of UEFA nor FIFA, league champion did not qualify for European tournament. Croats and Bosniaks had their own league and their champion did not qualify to European tournament either.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Relegation |
| 1 | Radnik (C) | 34 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 71 | 38 | +33 | 74 | |
| 2 | Rudar Ugljevik | 34 | 22 | 7 | 5 | 80 | 25 | +55 | 73 | |
| 3 | Boksit | 34 | 22 | 3 | 9 | 60 | 34 | +26 | 69 | |
| 4 | Kozara | 34 | 17 | 8 | 9 | 58 | 36 | +22 | 59 | |
| 5 | Sloga Trn | 34 | 18 | 4 | 12 | 66 | 40 | +26 | 58 | |
| 6 | BSK | 34 | 19 | 1 | 14 | 57 | 40 | +17 | 58 | |
| 7 | Drina Zvornik | 34 | 15 | 5 | 14 | 57 | 49 | +8 | 50 | |
| 8 | Sloboda Novi Grad | 34 | 15 | 4 | 15 | 54 | 39 | +15 | 49 | |
| 9 | Glasinac | 34 | 15 | 3 | 16 | 57 | 56 | +1 | 48 | |
| 10 | Leotar | 34 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 60 | 58 | +2 | 46 | |
| 11 | Ljubić | 34 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 54 | 50 | +4 | 46 | |
| 12 | Borac Banja Luka | 34 | 13 | 6 | 15 | 44 | 39 | +5 | 45 | |
| 13 | Famos Vojkovići | 34 | 13 | 5 | 16 | 35 | 54 | −19 | 44 | |
| 14 | Rudar Prijedor | 34 | 12 | 6 | 16 | 39 | 46 | −7 | 42 | |
| 15 | Borac Šamac | 34 | 13 | 2 | 19 | 37 | 64 | −27 | 41 | |
| 16 | Jedinstvo Brčko | 34 | 11 | 5 | 18 | 43 | 70 | −27 | 38 | |
| 17 | Omladinac (R) | 34 | 7 | 4 | 23 | 35 | 76 | −41 | 25 | Relegation to Second League RS |
| 18 | Sarajevo (East) (R) | 34 | 4 | 0 | 30 | 20 | 113 | −93 | 12 | Relegation to Second League RS |
# Laurent Levesque

Laurent Levesque (born 28 January 1970) is a film score composer. He started the piano at 4 and graduated at 17 from the French national music school academy with five first prizes.
He then became a pianist in several symphonic orchestras and an accompanist at the Opéra National de Lyon.
When he went to perform in New York, he met Philip Glass who introduced him to film music scoring. His first experience in composition for a movie was with the director Costa-Gavras in 2001 for his controversial movie Amen. He swiftly became skilled, both as a performer and a composer, and has since composed more than 40 soundtracks for such directors as Cédric Klapisch and Agnès Varda.
# Henrylygus

Henrylygus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 2 described species in Henrylygus.

## Species

* H. nubilus (Van Duzee, 1914)
* H. ultranubilus (Knight, 1917)
# 1 μm process

The 1 μm process (1 micrometer process) is a level of MOSFET semiconductor process technology that was commercialized around the 1984–1986 timeframe, by companies like NTT, NEC, Intel and IBM. It was the first process where CMOS was common (as opposed to NMOS).
The 1 μm process refers to the minimum size that could be reliably produced. The smallest transistors and other circuit elements on a chip made with this process were around 1 micrometers wide.
The earliest MOSFET with a 1 μm NMOS channel length was fabricated by a research team led by Robert H. Dennard, Hwa-Nien Yu and F.H. Gaensslen at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center in 1974.

## Products featuring 1.0 μm manufacturing process

* NTT introduced the 1 μm process for its DRAM memory chips, including its 64k in 1979 and 256k in 1980.
* NEC's 1 Mbit DRAM memory chip was manufactured with the 1 μm process in 1984.
* Intel 80386 CPU launched in 1985 was manufactured using this process.
* Intel uses this process on the CHMOS III-E technology.
* Intel uses this process on the CHMOS IV technology.
# Lists of General Hospital characters

This is a list of General Hospital character lists.

## General

* List of General Hospital characters
** List of General Hospital: Night Shift characters

## By decade

* List of General Hospital characters of the 1960s
* List of General Hospital characters of the 1970s
* List of General Hospital characters of the 1980s
* List of General Hospital characters of the 1990s
* List of General Hospital characters of the 2000s
* List of General Hospital characters of the 2010s

## Families

* Hardy/Webber family
* Scorpio/Jones family
* Spencer family
* Quartermaine family
* Cassadine family
* Jerome family
* Corinthos family
* Lord family
* Cramer family
# Henny Hughes

Henny Hughes is a thoroughbred race horse. A foal of 2003, he was a contender for the Triple Crown in 2006. He was taken off the Triple Crown trail in March 2006, then recorded three sprint victories in stakes races before failing in the Breeders' Cup Sprint, finishing 14th and last. He was retired to stud at the end of the 2006 racing season. His best-known offspring is the champion mare Beholder.

## Connections

Henny Hughes is owned by Zabeel Racing International and was originally trained by Patrick Biancone but was later transferred to Kiaran McLaughlin. He has been ridden by Gary Stevens, Edgar Prado, Joe Bravo, and John Velazquez. The horse was bred in Kentucky by Liberation Farm, Trackside Farm & CHO, LLC.

## Breeding

Henny Hughes is the son of Hennessy out of the mare Meadow Flyer. His sire is a son of Storm Cat. His pedigree includes such notable horses as Secretariat and Bold Ruler.

## Retirement

It was announced on November 6, 2006, that Henny Hughes would not race as a four-year-old and would be retired to stud. He stood at Darley Stable at an initial stud fee of $40,000.
Sired Hall of Fame super mare Beholder. Winner of 3 Breeder's Cup races and 13 other graded wins.

## Racing career

| Date | Race | Track | Location | Distance | Surface | Condition | Finish |
| June 17, 2005 | Maiden | Monmouth Park | Oceanport, New Jersey | 5 fur. | Dirt | Fast | 1st |
| July 4, 2005 | Tremont Stakes | Belmont Park | Elmont, New York | 51⁄2 fur. | Dirt | Fast | 1st |
| July 28, 2005 | Saratoga Special Stakes | Saratoga Race Course | Saratoga Springs, New York | 6 fur. | Dirt | Fast | 1st |
| August 27, 2005 | Hopeful Stakes | Saratoga Race Course | Saratoga Springs, New York | 7 fur. | Dirt | Fast | 2nd |
| October 8, 2005 | Champagne Stakes | Belmont Park | Elmont, New York | 1 mi. | Dirt | Fast | 2nd |
| October 29, 2005 | Breeders' Cup Juvenile | Belmont Park | Elmont, New York | 11⁄16 mi. | Dirt | Fast | 2nd |
| July 1, 2006 | Jersey Shore Breeders' Cup Stakes | Monmouth Park | Oceanport, New Jersey | 6 fur. | Dirt | Fast | 1st |
| August 26, 2006 | King's Bishop Stakes | Saratoga Race Course | Saratoga Springs, New York | 7 fur. | Dirt | Fast | 1st |
| October 7, 2006 | Vosburgh Stakes | Belmont Park | Elmont, New York | 6 fur. | Dirt | Fast | 1st |
| November 4, 2006 | Breeders' Cup Sprint | Churchill Downs | Louisville, Kentucky | 6 fur. | Dirt | Fast | 14th |
# Anarsia veruta

Anarsia veruta is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1918. It is found in India (Bengal).
The wingspan is about 11 mm. The forewings are fuscous, somewhat sprinkled with paler and darker and with a suffused blackish longitudinal streak in the disc from two-fifths to four-fifths, and one or two short suffused dashes above the apex of this between the veins. The hindwings are light grey, thinly scaled anteriorly.
The larvae feed on Inga dulcis.
# Elbert H. Gary (1905 ship)

The Elbert H. Gary was a 576 feet (176 m) lake freighter. She was Queen of the Lakes - the longest ship on the Great Lakes - when she was launched in 1905.
She was the first newly built vessel in the fleet of US Steel.
# FP-β-CPPIT

N-(3'-Fluoropropyl-)-3β-(4'-chlorophenyl)-2β-(3'-phenylisoxazol-5'-yl)nortropane (FP-β-CPPIT) is a cocaine analogue.
# Arbroath Catherine Street railway station

Arbroath Catherine Street railway station served the town of Arbroath, Angus, Scotland from 1839 to 1848 on the Arbroath and Forfar Railway.

## History

The station opened on 3 January 1839 by the Aberdeen Railway. A goods line continued to the east that served Arbroath Harbour. There was also a trainshed and a locomotive shed. The station closed on 1 February 1848 but it remained open as a goods shed.
# Guthrie's Memorial, Isle of Man

Guthrie's Memorial (previously The Cutting) is a S-bend corner between the 26 and 27 mile road-side markers on the primary A18 Snaefell mountain road, part of the Snaefell Mountain Course known mainly for motorcycle racing, situated in the Isle of Man parish of Lezayre.

## A18 Snaefell Mountain Road

The A18 Snaefell mountain road was developed in the mid-nineteenth century from a number of existing roads, carting-tracks and bridle paths. This included installation of a number of sheep-gates, milestones, the building of a series of embankments, revetments, purpose built graded sections which reflected nineteenth century highway and railway building practices. This included the distinctive road embankments which gave the S-bend corner the previous name of The Cutting. This section of the A18 Snaefell Mountain Road from the Keppel Gate to Park Mooar / Park Llewellyn (North Barrule) was built on common grazing land that were transferred to the UK Crown following the sale of the Islands feudal rights by the Duke of Atholl after the Disafforesting Commission of 1860. The nearby revetment and embankment at the 27th Milestone is sometimes informally referred to as the Guthrie's Bridge.
The western side embankment at Guthrie's Memorial was removed during the winter of 2004/2005 by the Department of Transport as a road traffic improvement, followed by a small section of the north-eastern embankment in April 2009.
During the winter of 2012/2013 the stone TT Marshall's shelter at Guthrie's Memorial was demolished.

## Motor-Sport Heritage

During the 1937 TT races, Jimmie Guthrie won the Junior race, but retired on lap five of the Senior race at The Cutting section of the course. After crashing fatally during the 1937 German Grand Prix a memorial to Jimmie Guthrie was built in 1939 at The Cutting. Funded by public subscription, the memorial was built at the place where he retired in his last TT race.
The inscription on the memorial reads:
   James Guthrie 1897–1937 Erected to the memory of Jimmy Guthrie, of Hawick, a brilliant motor cycle rider, famous on the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy Course for his wonderful riding and great sportsmanship. He won the race six times, beat many world's records and was first in numerous foreign races. He died while upholding the honour of his country in the German Grand Prix, August, 1937.
A further memorial called the "Guthrie Stone" was established in 1949 at the site of the fatal accident on the Sachsenring road course, near the German village of Hohenstein-Ernstthal.

## Gallery

* The inscription on the memorial

## Sources

* ↑ The Magic of The TT. A Century of Racing over The Mountain page 42 Mac McDiarmid (2004) Haynes Publishing. ISBN 1-84425-002-4
* ↑ Isle of Man Green Final page 3 29 April 1939 "Jim Guthrie Memorial"
* ↑ Manx Milestones pages 13–17 by Stuart Slack (1st Edition)(2003)The Manx Experience ISBN 1-873120-58-3
* ↑ Manx Milestones pages 57–58 by Stuart Slack (1st Edition)(2003)The Manx Experience ISBN 1-873120-58-3
* ↑ Isle of Man Weekly Times page 18 dated 17 June 1939
# Laurent Lefrançois

Laurent Lefrançois (born in 1974 in Caen) is a French composer.

## Life

Winner of the Claude Arrieu Prize of the Sacem in 2016 and public prize at the international competition for young composers in Boulogne in 2006 (with Philippe Hersant as president of the jury), Lefrançois graduated from the École normale de musique de Paris in orchestration and musical composition in Michel Merlet's class. He studied harmony and counterpoint with Stéphane Delplace and composition with Guillaume Connesson.
Lefrançois received commissions from the Festival Présences [fr] in 2004, from Les Concerts de Radio France [fr] for the Alternance Ensemble, from ProQuartet [fr] in 2006, for the Modigliani Quartet and Lise Berthaud, from 'Alla breve at Radio France, from the Festival de Radio France et Montpellier in 2007, for the pianist Cyril Guillotin, from the Festival international de musique de Salon-de-Provence [fr] in 2009, for Ria Ideta and Paul Meyer, from the Conservatoire de Douai [fr] orchestra in 2014 under the baton of Frédéric Lodéon and from Musique nouvelle en liberté [fr] in 2016 for clarinetist Paul Meyer and the Rouen Orchestra.

## Works

* Sextuor, commission from Radio France for the Festival Présences 2004
* Erinnerung, sextet for string instruments, commission from Proquartet
* Padouk Phantasticus for strings, commission from the Festival international de musique de Salon-de-Provence, 2009.

## Discography

* Balnéaire Chamber Music, monography, label Evidence, 2014.
# Mark Kjeldsen

Mark Kjeldsen (1953 in Kent, England – 1992) was a founder member of The Sinceros (1978–1981), who wrote most of the songs on their two albums, including their minor hit single "Take Me To Your Leader." He had been a member of the London R&B band, The Strutters. After the demise of The Sinceros, Kjeldsen (pronounced Kelsen) performed with the Danny Adler Band (ex-Roogalator), a live album featuring Kjeldsen on rhythm guitar was recorded at the Winterthur – Switzerland on 10 August 1982 and released in 1983. In the late 1980s, Kjeldsen gave up music to become a social worker and died from AIDS in 1992.
His musical career started after leaving Tonbridge School when he formed folk duo Friendso'mine with fellow musician Hugh Trethowan. Together they toured the folk clubs of Kent and London culminating in an album of their own material for Westwood Recordings in 1972.
# 1 − 1 + 2 − 6 + 24 − 120 + ⋯

In mathematics,
    $\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }(-1)^{k}k!$
is a divergent series, first considered by Euler, that sums the factorials of the natural numbers with alternating signs. Despite being divergent, it can be assigned a value of approximately 0.596347 by Borel summation.

## Euler and Borel summation

This series was first considered by Euler, who applied summability methods to assign a finite value to the series. The series is a sum of factorials that are alternately added or subtracted. One way to assign a value to this divergent series is by using Borel summation, where one formally writes
    $\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }(-1)^{k}k!=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }(-1)^{k}\int _{0}^{\infty }x^{k}e^{-x}\,dx.$
If summation and integration are interchanged (ignoring that neither side converges), one obtains:
    $\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }(-1)^{k}k!=\int _{0}^{\infty }\left[\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }(-x)^{k}\right]e^{-x}\,dx.$
The summation in the square brackets converges when $|x|<1$, and for those values equals ${\tfrac {1}{1+x}}$. The analytic continuation of ${\tfrac {1}{1+x}}$ to all positive real $x$ leads to a convergent integral for the summation:
    ${\begin{aligned}\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }(-1)^{k}k!&=\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {e^{-x}}{1+x}}\,dx\\[4pt]&=eE_{1}(1)\approx 0.596\,347\,362\,323\,194\,074\,341\,078\,499\,369\ldots \end{aligned}}$
where E$_1$(z) is the exponential integral. This is by definition the Borel sum of the series, and is equal to the Gompertz constant.

## Connection to differential equations

Consider the coupled system of differential equations
    ${\dot {x}}(t)=x(t)-y(t),\qquad {\dot {y}}(t)=-y(t)^{2}$
where dots denote derivatives with respect to t.
The solution with stable equilibrium at (x,y) = (0,0) as t → ∞ has y(t) = ⁠1/t⁠, and substituting it into the first equation gives a formal series solution
    $x(t)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }(-1)^{n+1}{\frac {(n-1)!}{t^{n}}}$
Observe x(1) is precisely Euler's series.
On the other hand, the system of differential equations has a solution
    $x(t)=e^{t}\int _{t}^{\infty }{\frac {e^{-u}}{u}}\,du.$
By successively integrating by parts, the formal power series is recovered as an asymptotic approximation to this expression for x(t). Euler argues (more or less) that since the formal series and the integral both describe the same solution to the differential equations, they should equal each other at $t=1$, giving
    $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }(-1)^{n+1}(n-1)!=e\int _{1}^{\infty }{\frac {e^{-u}}{u}}\,du.$
# Lists of German municipal flags

The list of German municipal flags lists the flags of municipalities of Germany. Most municipalities of Germany have unique flags.
Like state flags, most of them are horizontal bicolors or tricolors, with or without the armorial shield or emblem (wappen). Therefore, the list will also discuss the emblems. Please note that some of the flags listed are either de facto flags, flags that are flown for local purposes or flags that are not yet approved by state interior ministries.

## Flags of the Großstädte

* Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Augsburg, Bavaria
* Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Berlin
* Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Bottrop, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Braunschweig, Lower Saxony
* Bremen, Bremen
* Bremerhaven, Bremen
* Chemnitz, Saxony
* Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Darmstadt, Hesse
* Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Dresden, Saxony
* Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Erfurt, Thuringia
* Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Erlangen, Bavaria
* Frankfurt, Hesse
* Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg
* Fürth, Bavaria
* Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Gera, Thuringia
* Göttingen, Lower Saxony
* Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Hamburg
* Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Hanover, Lower Saxony
* Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg
* Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg
* Hildesheim, Lower Saxony
* Ingolstadt, Bavaria
* Jena, Thuringia
* Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg
* Kassel, Hesse
* Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein
* Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate
* Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Ludwigshafen, Rhineland-Palatinate
* Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein
* Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg
* Moers, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Mönchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Mülheim, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Munich, Bavaria (striped variant)
* Munich, Bavaria (lozengy variant)
* Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Neuss, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Nuremberg, Bavaria
* Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Offenbach am Main, Hesse
* Oldenburg, Lower Saxony
* Osnabrück, Lower Saxony
* Pforzheim, Baden-Württemberg
* Recklinghausen, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Regensburg, Bavaria
* Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg
* Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Saarbrücken, Saarland
* Salzgitter, Lower Saxony
* Siegen, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Solingen, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
* Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate
* Ulm, Baden-Württemberg
* Witten, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony
* Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Würzburg, Bavaria