OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Afton Township, DeKalb County, Illinois

Afton Township is one of nineteen townships in DeKalb County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 901 and it contained 384 housing units.

## History

Afton Township was formed from portions of DeKalb Township and Clinton Township on February 18, 1856. The township derives its name from the poem Sweet Afton by Robert Burns.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.16 square miles (91.1 km$^2$), of which 35.11 square miles (90.9 km$^2$) (or 99.86%) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km$^2$) (or 0.17%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Dekalb (partial)

### Unincorporated towns

* Afton Center at 41°50′57″N 88°46′25″W﻿ / ﻿41.849196°N 88.773696°W﻿ / 41.849196; -88.773696
* Elva at 41°51′51″N 88°46′34″W﻿ / ﻿41.864196°N 88.776197°W﻿ / 41.864196; -88.776197
* McGirr at 41°49′03″N 88°48′08″W﻿ / ﻿41.817529°N 88.802308°W﻿ / 41.817529; -88.802308

### Cemeteries

* Afton Center Cemetery.

### Airports and landing strips

* Jack W Watson Airport
* Walter Airport

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 901 people, 234 households, and 194 families residing in the township. The population density was 25.62 inhabitants per square mile (9.89/km$^2$). There were 384 housing units at an average density of 10.92 per square mile (4.22/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 84.91% White, 5.44% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.89% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 2.00% from other races, and 6.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.21% of the population.
There were 234 households, out of which 8.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.13% were married couples living together, 23.08% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 17.09% were non-families. 7.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.18 and the average family size was 3.39.
The township's age distribution consisted of 5.8% under the age of 18, 31.9% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $103,375, and the median income for a family was $92,500. Males had a median income of $54,583 versus $18,304 for females. The per capita income for the township was $32,795. About 9.8% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

## School districts

* DeKalb Community Unit School District 428
* Hinckley-Big Rock Community Unit School District 429
* Indian Creek Community Unit School District 425

## Political districts

* Illinois's 14th congressional district
* State House District 70
* State Senate District 35
# Vallea stipularis

Vallea stipularis is a species of tree in the Elaeocarpaceae family. It is native from the Andes mountains in South America.

## Description

Evergreen shrub or tree up to 18 meters tall; fissured bark. Kidney-shaped stipules on branchlets. Leaves heart-shaped or pear-shaped, sometimes lobed, up to 10 cm long, dark green above, whitish green beneath, with tufts of hairs in the vein axils. Cymose inflorescence with pinkish-red or crimson bell-shaped flowers; these with five sepals and five three-lobed petals, 9–13 mm long; ovary and styles glabrous; 15–60 stamens. Warty fruits, 1 cm wide, often dehiscing on the tree.

## Distribution and habitat

Vallea stipularis is native to the Andes, in montane forest and páramo, between 1600–4000 m of elevation, from Venezuela to Bolivia.
# Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre

The Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre hosted the sailing events at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. The center is located about four miles from downtown Athens along the coast. It was officially opened on August 2, 2004, a few weeks before the Olympics, though test events were conducted at the site in August 2002 and 2003. The center had a capacity of 1,600 for the medal ceremonies.
After the Olympics, the site was turned over to the private sector (Seirios AE), and will become a marina with a 1,000+ yacht capacity, as part of Athens' revitalized waterfront.
# Agios Mamas

Agios Mamas may refer to:
* Agios Mamas, Chalkidiki, Greece
* Agios Mamas, Limassol, Cyprus
# Valley Park Woodlands

Valley Park Woodlands is a 24.8-hectare (61-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Chandler's Ford in Hampshire. It is owned and managed by Test Valley Borough Council.
This site has ancient woods, coppice, glades, woodland rides, rough grassland and ponds.
# Dąbrówka, Gmina Krasocin

Dąbrówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasocin, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Krasocin, 15 km (9 mi) east of Włoszczowa, and 31 km (19 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
# Chrysoritis swanepoeli

Chrysoritis swanepoeli, the Swanepoel's opal, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to South Africa, where it is found in the Swartberg Pass and Schoemanskloof, the Groot Swartberg, the Huis River Pass and Gamkaskloof in the Western Cape.
The wingspan is 23–26 mm for males and 24–34 mm for females. Adults are on wing from October to January. There is one extended generation per year.
The larvae feed on Thesium species and Tylecodon paniculata. They are attended to by Crematogaster liengmei ants.

## Subspecies

The subspecies Chrysoritis swanepoeli hyperion was formerly considered a species, Chrysoritis hyperion. Research in 2023 showed subspecies swanepoeli and hyperion to be indistinguishable in one genetic sequence, suggesting more research is required to determine the validity of subspecies status.
* Chrysoritis swanepoeli swanepoeli (South Africa: Western Cape)
* Chrysoritis swanepoeli hyperion (Dickson, 1975) (South Africa: Western Cape)
# Bala Tampoe

Bala Tampoe (23 May 1922 – 1 September 2014) was a Sri Lankan lawyer and a trade unionist. He was the General Secretary of the Ceylon Mercantile, Industrial and General Workers Union (CMU) in Sri Lanka.

## Early life and education

Born on 23 May 1922 to a prominent family in Jaffna, he was educated at the Royal College, Colombo and gained a BSc degree from the newly established University of Ceylon in 1943 and the University of London in 1944. Later he studied law at the Colombo Law College and became an advocate, practicing criminal law.

## Trade union activities

He became a lecturer in Botany and Horticulture in the Department of Agriculture. He came into the limelight after his dismissal from public service, for participating in the strike of public servants in 1947. Soon after he joined the CMU.
The CMU was originally built in 1928 as a white-collar union in the mercantile sector. After Tampoe became its general secretary in February 1948, the union came under the influence of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), which at the time was part of the Fourth International. In the 1950s and 1960s, Tampoe was known for his militant challenges to the political decisions of the government of the day. In 1963, he led a strike in the Colombo port that escalated into an all-island general strike and defied the government of Sirima Bandaranaike when it invoked its emergency powers.
When the LSSP left the Fourth International to join the Bandaranaike government in 1964, Tampoe became a central leader of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary), which the United Secretariat of the Fourth International recognised as its section. Tampoe unsuccessfully contested the March 1960 general election, July 1960 general election and the 1965 general election from the Colombo Central electorate.
After Tampoe died, Sylvester Jayakody became the current General Secretary of the CMU.
# Paolo De Curtis

Paolo De Curtis, C.R. (died 1629) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Isernia (1600–1606) and Bishop of Ravello (1591–1600).

## Biography

Paolo De Curtis was ordained a priest in the Congregation of Clerics Regular of the Divine Providence. On 26 April 1591, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIV as Bishop of Ravello. On 15 March 1600, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Bishop of Isernia. He served as Bishop of Isernia until his resignation in 1606. He died in 1629 in Rome, Italy.

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:
* Fabrizio Degli Afflitti, Bishop of Boiano (1608);
* Girolamo Asteo, Bishop of Veroli (1608);
* Michael Consoli, Bishop of Sora (1609);
* Giovanni Antonio Angrisani, Archbishop of Sorrento (1612);
* Lorenzo Landi, Bishop of Fossombrone (1612);
* Alessandro Filonardi, Bishop of Aquino (1615);
* Paolo Emilio Filonardi, Archbishop of Amalfi (1616);
* Achille Caracciolo, Bishop of Potenza (1616);
* Stephanus Penulatius, Bishop of Rethymo (1617);
* Andrea Mastrillo, Archbishop of Messina (1618);
* Francisco Romero (bishop), Archbishop of Lanciano (1618);
* Zaccaria della Vecchia, Bishop of Torcello (1618);
* Stefano Solis Castelblanco, Bishop of Sarno (1618);
* Giambattista Dal Mare, Bishop of Lavello (1618);
* Marsilio Peruzzi, Archbishop of Chieti (1618);
* Giovanni Agostino Gandolfo, Bishop of Fondi (1619);
* Alessandro Suardi, Bishop of Lucera (1619);
* Jerónimo Venero Leyva, Archbishop of Monreale (1620);
* Francesco Maria della Marra, Bishop of Ascoli Satriano (1620);
* Paolo Arese, Bishop of Tortona (1620);
* Germanicus Mantica, Titular Bishop of Famagusta (1620);
* Tommaso Ximenes, Bishop of Fiesole (1620);
* Silvestro Andreozzi, Bishop of Penne e Atri (1621);
* Cristoforo Memmolo, Bishop of Ruvo (1621);
* Bernardo Florio, Bishop of Canea (1621); and
* Paulus Pucciarelli, Bishop of Andros (1621).
# Hendrika

Hendrika is a Dutch feminine given name, derived from the male name Hendrik ("Henry"). Most people with the name use short forms in daily life, like Henda (in Afrikaans), Hennie, Henny, Hetty, Ria, Rie, Riek and Rika. Hendrika can refer to:
* Hendrika B. Cantwell (born 1925), Dutch-American clinical professor of pediatrics, advocate for abused and neglected children
* Hendrika C. "Rie" de Balbian Verster (1890–1990), Dutch painter
* Hendrika Margaretha "Hetty" van Gurp (born 1949), Dutch-born Canadian educator
* Hendrika Hofhuis (1780–1849), last Dutch woman to (by her request) be put on trial for witch craft
* Hendrika A.M. "Ria" van der Horst (born 1932), Dutch swimmer
* Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen (1887–1974), Dutch physicist
* Hendrika W. "Rie" Mastenbroek (1919–2003), Dutch swimmer
* Hendrika "Hennie" Penterman (born 1951), Dutch swimmer
* Hendrika A. "Riek" van Rumt (1897–1985), Dutch gymnast
* G. Hendrika "Riek" Schagen (1913–2008), Dutch actress
* Hendrika Cornelia Scott "Henda" Swart (1939–2016), South African mathematician
* Hendrika C.M. "Ria" Vedder-Wubben (1951–2016), Dutch politician
* P. Hendrika "Henny" Vegter (born 1958), Dutch Olympic sailor
* Hendrika "Hennie" van der Velde (born 1944), Dutch swimmer
# Wat (given name)

Wat is a masculine given name or nickname, often a diminutive variant of the given name Walter, and sometimes a modernized form of the name Watt, especially in Scotland, North East England and Southern England.
People named Wat include:
* Wat Tyler Cluverius Jr. (1874–1952), U.S. Navy rear admiral
* Wat T. Cluverius IV (1934–2010), American diplomat
* Wat Jones (1917–1994), Welsh cricketer
* Wat Misaka (1923–2019), American basketball player
* Walter Scott (Australian footballer) (1899–1989), Australian rules footballer
* Wat Tyler (1341–1381), leader of the English Peasants' Revolt
# TSP-2

TSP-2 can refer to:
* a Thrombospondin
* a tetraspanin
# Australia at the 2013 Summer Universiade

Australia competed at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia from 6-17 July July 2013. 153 athletes are a part of the Australian.
Australia won 16 medals in total (15th place) including 6 gold medals (10th place).
# Krichim Reservoir

Krichim Dam (Язовир "Кричим") is a dam on the Vacha River, Bulgaria. It is part of the Dospat–Vacha Hydropower Cascade (500.2 MW) involving four more dams and seven power stations. The three existing dams on the Vacha River are the Vacha Dam, Tsankov Dam, and the Kamak Dam. The 144.5 metres (474 ft) concrete dam was in its implementation stage as of 2011.
The dam supports the 80 MW Krichim Hydro Power Plant.
# Ördög (surname)

Ördög is a Hungarian-language surname. Ördög is a Hungarian kind of devil. Notable people with this surname or nickname include:
* Zsuzsa Ördög, Hungarian swimmer
* Nóra Ördög [hu], Hungarian TV show presenter
* Balázs Ördög [hu] (1575-1645), Hungarian rebel
# Eugène Frouhins

Eugène Frouhins (1888–1966) was a French stage and film actor.

## Selected filmography

* Fanfare of Love (1935)
* Sing Anyway (1940)
* Annette and the Blonde Woman (1942)
* Eight Men in a Castle (1942)
* Fever (1942)
* Private Life (1942)
* Devil and the Angel (1946)
* My Friend Sainfoin (1950)
* The Voyage to America (1951)
# Eulophia venosa

Eulophia venosa, commonly known as the pointed corduroy orchid, is a plant in the orchid family and is native to India, parts of Southeast Asia as well as New Guinea and northern Australia. It is a deciduous, terrestrial orchid with one large and one small leaf and between six and twenty pale green or yellowish flowers with purple markings. It grows in rainforest and grassy forests.

## Description

Eulophia venosa is a deciduous, terrestrial herb with two dark green, narrow lance-shaped leaves 200–400 mm (8–20 in) long and 20–25 mm (0.8–1 in) wide, one leaf larger than the other. Between six and twenty pale green or yellowish flowers with purple markings, 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) long and 18–25 mm (0.7–1 in) wide are borne on a wiry flowering stem 400–800 mm (20–30 in) long. The flowers are resupinate and shaped like a star. The sepals are narrow triangular in shape, 11–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long, about 4.5 mm (0.2 in) wide and spread horizontally and widely apart from each other. The petals are elliptic in shape, 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and about 6 mm (0.2 in) wide. The labellum is 11–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long, 10–11 mm (0.4–0.4 in) wide, has deep purplish red veins and three lobes. The middle lobe turns downwards and is wavy but the side lobes are upright. Flowering occurs between July and November.

## Taxonomy and naming

The pointed corduroy orchid was first formally described in 1858 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Dipodium venosum and published the description in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. In 1873, George Bentham changed the name to Eulophia venosa and published the change in Flora Australiensis. The specific epithet (venosa) is a Latin word meaning "veiny".

## Distribution and habitat

Eulophia venosa grows in woodland, grassy forest and on the edge of rainforests. It is variously reported as occurring in northern Queensland, the Northern Territory, New Guinea, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Taiwan.
# Eunoe purpurea

Eunoe purperea is a scale worm described from the North Atlantic Ocean off Bermuda at depths of about 900–1600m.

## Description

Number of segments 30; elytra 14 pairs (assumed). Purplish brown especially anteriorly. Prostomium anterior margin comprising two rounded lobes. Lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Notochaetae distinctly thicker than neurochaetae. Bidentate neurochaetae present (check; if confirmed cannot be in Eunoe).
# Eunoe pallida

Eunoe pallida is a scale worm known from the Indian Ocean, in the Persian Gulf, Andaman Sea, and off Nias, Sumatra at a depths of 45–614m.

## Description

Number of segments 37; elytra 15–16 pairs. No distinct pigmentation pattern. prostomium anterior margin comprising a pair of acute anterior projections. Lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Notochaetae distinctly thicker than neurochaetae. Bidentate neurochaetae absent.

## Commensalism

E. pallida is commensal; its host taxa are sea stars and possibly sea cucumbers.
# Bamse (disambiguation)

Bamse is a Swedish cartoon bear.
Bamse or BAMSE may also refer to:
* Bamse (dog), a Norwegian dog
* Flemming "Bamse" Jørgensen (1947–2011), Danish singer
* RBS 23 BAMSE, a Swedish anti-aircraft missile system
# Balavarman

Part of a series on the :
History of Kamarupa :
Ruling dynasties :
Varman dynasty (350–650 CE) Pushyavarman 350–374 Samudravarman 374–398 Balavarman 398–422 Kalyanavarman 422–446 Ganapativarman 446–470 Mahendravarman 470–494 Narayanavarman 494–518 Bhutivarman 518–542 Chandramukhavarman 542–566 Sthitavarman 566–590 Susthitavarman 590–595 Supratisthitavarman 595–600 Bhaskaravarman 600–650 Avantivarman Unknown :
Mlechchha dynasty (650–900 CE) Salasthamba 650–670 Vigrahastambha 670–680 Palaka 680–695 Kumara 695–710 Vajra 710–725 Harshavarman 725–745 Balavarman II 745–760 Salambha 795–815 Harjjaravarman 815–832 Vanamalavarman 832–855 Jayamala 855–860 Balavarman III 860–880 Tyagasimha 890–900 :
Pala Dynasty (900–1100 CE) Brahma Pala 900–920 Ratna Pala 920–960 Indra Pala 960–990 Go Pala 990–1015 Harsha Pala 1015–1035 Dharma Pala 1035–1060 Jaya Pala 1075–1100 :
vte :
Balavarman was successor and son of Samudravarman; ruled Kamarupa for the period 398–422.

## Reign

He was known for great amount of physical strength as reflected in his name and courage. His soldiers are always on front against enemy. Balavarman fought wars with Samudra Gupta, in spite of relationship.

## Family

His wife's name is Ratnavati who gave birth to Kalyanavarman. He arranged Svayamvara for his daughter Amritaprabha, which are attended by princes of different countries of Aryavarta. Rajtarangini of Kalhana gives detail accounts of this event. Princess eventually accepted prince of Kashmir Meghavahana as her groom. Amritaprabha established numerous Buddhist monasteries in Kashmir.
# Krishna Mandir, Patan

Krishna Mandir is a 17th-century Shikhara-style temple built by King Siddhi Narsing Malla. It is located at the Patan Durbar Square, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in the city of Lalitpur in Nepal. It was damaged by the Nepal earthquake of April 2015, and was later restored in 2018.
# Eupaludestrina

Eupaludestrina is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Cochliopidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe.
Species:
* Eupaludestrina achaja (Clessin, 1878)
* Eupaludestrina acilacustris (Schütt, 1991)
* Eupaludestrina aponensis (E.von Martens, 1858)
* Eupaludestrina bigugliana (Caziot, 1908)
* Eupaludestrina canariensis (Mousson, 1872)
* Eupaludestrina contempta (Dautzenberg, 1894)
* Eupaludestrina dalmatica Radoman, 1974
* Eupaludestrina dobrogica (Grossu & Negrea, 1989)
* Eupaludestrina foxianensis (De Stefani, 1883)
* Eupaludestrina galileae (Preston, 1913) (Semisalsa galilaea)
* Eupaludestrina longiscata (Bourguignat, 1856) (Semisalsa longiscata)
* Eupaludestrina macei (Paladilhe, 1867)
* Eupaludestrina maltzani (Westerlund, 1886)
* Eupaludestrina musaensis (Frauenfeld, 1856)
* Eupaludestrina rausiana (Radoman, 1974)
* Eupaludestrina rhoenana (Kadolsky, 2008)
* Eupaludestrina scamandri (Boeters, Monod & Vala, 1977)
* Eupaludestrina spinellii (Gredler, 1860)
* Eupaludestrina stagnorum (Gmelin, 1791) (Semisalsa stagnorum)
* Eupaludestrina steindachneri (Westerlund, 1902)
* Eupaludestrina sublongiscata (Schütt, 1988)
# Euastacus jagara

Euastacus jagara is a species of Australian crayfish in the family Parastacidae. It is known from only six specimens, all collected at the type locality in the Mistake Mountains in the State of Queensland, Australia. The streams inhabited by the species are surrounded by Upland Subtropical Rainforest, and drain into the Brisbane River. The species is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List.
# Euchromius bleszynskiellus

Euchromius bleszynskiellus is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Greece, Romania and Russia.
The wingspan is about 17 mm (0.67 in).
# Euchromius californicalis

Euchromius californicalis, the California grass-veneer, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1873. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Oregon, Wyoming, California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. The habitat consists of grasslands.
The wingspan is 20–23 mm for males and 14–22 mm for females. The forewings are light brown with two yellow transverse lines. Adults are on wing from May to August.
# Ballades (Chopin)

Frédéric Chopin's Four Ballades are single-movement pieces for solo piano, composed between 1831 and 1842. They are considered to be some of the most important and challenging pieces in the standard piano repertoire.

## Form

Chopin used the term ballade in the sense of a balletic interlude or dance piece, equivalent to the old Italian ballata. However, the term may also have connotations of the medieval heroic ballad, a narrative minstrel song, often of a fantastical character. There are dramatic and dance-like elements in Chopin's use of the genre, and he is a pioneer of the ballade as an abstract musical form. The four ballades are said to have been inspired by a friend of Chopin's, poet Adam Mickiewicz. The exact inspiration for each ballade, however, needs to be clarified and disputed.
Though the ballades do not conform precisely to sonata form, the "ballade form" created by Chopin for his four ballades is a variant of sonata form with specific discrepancies, such as the mirror reprise (presenting the two expositional themes in reverse order during the recapitulation). The ballades have directly influenced composers such as Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms, who, after Chopin, wrote ballades of their own.
Besides sharing the title, the four ballades are entities distinct from each other. According to composer and music critic Louis Ehlert, "Each [ballade] differs entirely from the others, and they have but one thing in common – their romantic working out and the nobility of their motifs." Modern theorists have shown, however, that the ballades do have much in common, such as the "ballade meter" ($^6$ $_4$ or $^6$ $_8$) and certain formal practices like the mirror reprise and delaying the structural dominant.

## Ballade No. 1

The Ballade No. 1 in G minor, Op. 23, was completed in 1835 in Paris.

## Ballade No. 2

The Ballade No. 2 in F major, Op. 38, was composed from 1836 to 1839 in Nohant, France, and on the Spanish island of Mallorca.

## Ballade No. 3

The Ballade No. 3 in A♭ major, Op. 47, was composed in 1841 in Nohant.

## Ballade No. 4

The Ballade No. 4 in F minor, Op. 52, was composed in 1842 in Paris and Nohant and revised in 1843.

## Recordings

The four ballades have been recorded by many pianists, including Arthur Rubinstein, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Dinu Lipatti, Sviatoslav Richter, Martha Argerich, Emanuel Ax, Andrei Gavrilov, Yundi Li, Seong-Jin Cho, Murray Perahia and Krystian Zimerman. The Guardian has described Krystian Zimerman's recording with Deutsche Grammophon as a "key recording".