OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Cluse

William Sampson Cluse (20 December 1875 – 8 September 1955) was a British Labour Party politician.
Born in Islington, he was orphaned at the age of five, by the time he was eleven Cluse was working part-time. At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to the printing trade. In 1900 he entered politics, joining the Social Democratic Federation.
During the First World War he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps. Following the war he entered local government when he was elected to Islington Borough Council as a Labour Party councillor representing Tollington ward in 1919. At the 1922 municipal elections he was elected to the council again, this time as a representative of St Peter's Ward.
At the 1923 general election he was elected Member of Parliament for Islington South. Re-elected twice, he lost his seat at the 1931 general election. He regained the seat in 1935, retiring from parliament at the 1950 general election. He held a minor post in the war-time coalition government as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of Transport and then to the Minister of Aircraft Production.
On 17 December 1942, Anthony Eden, the foreign secretary, gave the first formal news of the Holocaust to the House of Commons. Cluse, an infrequent speaker, suggested that members "rise in their places" to observe a minute of silent protest. They did.
He married Alice Louise Warner in 1902 and the couple had two children.
# William Cluxton

William Cluxton (March 31, 1819 – February 16, 1901) was a businessman and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Peterborough West in the House of Commons of Canada from 1873 to 1874 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland, the son of George Cluxton, and came to Canada while still young. He married Mary Anne Payne. Cluxton served as reeve of Peterborough. He was manager of the Commercial Bank at Peterborough and later president of the Peterboro and Monaghan Gravel Road Company, the Little Lake Cemetery Company and the Midland Railway Company. Although Cluxton received fewer votes than John Bertram, he was declared elected because Bertram had not established his eligibility under the Elections Act.
# Anodyne

An anodyne is a drug used to lessen pain through reducing the sensitivity of the brain or nervous system. The term was common in medicine before the 20th century, but such drugs are now more often known as analgesics or painkillers.
The term anodyne derives from Greek anōdynos (ἀνώδυνος), from an- (αν-, "without") and odynē (ὀδύνη, "pain"). Etymologically, the word covers any substance that reduces pain, but doctors used it more narrowly. Some definitions restrict the term to topical medications, including herbal simples such as onion, lily, root of mallows, leaves of violet, and elderberry. Other definitions include ingested narcotics, hypnotics, and opioids. In the 19th century, the primary anodynes were opium, henbane, hemlock, tobacco, nightshade (stramonium), and chloroform.
Certain compound medicines were also called by this name, such as anodyne balsam, made of castile soap, camphor, saffron, and spirit of wine, and digested in a sand heat. It was recommended not only for easing extreme pain, but also for assisting in discharging the diseased tissue that caused or occurred with the pain.
In literary usage, the word has escaped its strictly medical meaning to convey anything "soothing or relaxing" (since the 18th century) or even anything "non-contentious", "blandly agreeable", or unlikely to cause offence or debate.
# ELPA

ELPA or elpa may refer to:

## Organisations

* Elliniki Leschi Periigiseon kai Aftokinitou, the Automobile and Touring Club of Greece
** ELPA Rally, a former rally competition in Greece
* European Liver Patients Association, founded by The Hepatitis C Trust
* European Law & Policy Advisory Group; See Ernest Valko

## Other uses

* Emacs Lisp Package Archive, for GNU Emacs
# Anopliomorpha antennata

Anopliomorpha antennata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak and Noguera in 1993.
# Anopliomorpha gracilis

Anopliomorpha gracilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak and Noguera in 1993.
# Earncraig Hill

Earncraig Hill is a hill in the Lowther Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The lowest and craggiest Donald hill in the range, it lies on the border between Dumfries and Galloway and South Lanarkshire, helping form the source of the River Clyde. It is most quickly ascended from the Daer Reservoir to the north or from Mitchellslacks to the south, passing by Burleywhag bothy.>
# Anthidium rafaeli

Anthidium rafaeli is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees.

## Distribution

* Peru
# William Cooke (1682–1709)

William Cooke (18 December 1682 – 1709), of Highnam Court, near Gloucester, was an English Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1705 to 1709.
Cooke was the second but eldest surviving son of Edward Cooke of Highnam, Gloucestershire and his wife Mary Newborough, daughter of Rowland Newborough of Berkley, Somerset. His grandfather, William Cooke, was also MP for Gloucester. He was admitted at Middle Temple in 1702. In 1705 he became Freeman of Gloucester.
Cooke was returned as a Whig Member of Parliament (MP) for Gloucester at the 1705 English general election. He voted for the Court candidate for Speaker on 25 October 1705 and supported the Court on the 'place clause' in the regency bill on 18 February 1706. In 1707, he was said to be pressing hard for his uncle to be appointed Dean of Gloucester, but was unsuccessful. He was returned as MP for Gloucester again at the 1708 British general election.
Cooke died unmarried in June 1709, aged 26, predeceasing his father.
# William Diller Matthew

William Diller Matthew FRS (February 19, 1871 – September 24, 1930) was a vertebrate paleontologist who worked primarily on mammal fossils, although he also published a few early papers on mineralogy, petrological geology, one on botany, one on trilobites, and he described Tetraceratops insignis, which was much later suggested to be the oldest known (Early Permian) therapsid.
Matthew was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, the son of George Frederic Matthew and Katherine (Diller) Matthew. His father was an amateur geologist and paleontologist who instilled his son with an abiding interest in the earth sciences. Matthew received an A.B. at the University of New Brunswick in 1889 and then earned his Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1894.
Matthew was curator of the American Museum of Natural History from the mid-1890s to 1927, and director of the University of California Museum of Paleontology from 1927 to 1930. He was an elected member of the American Philosophical Society. He was the father of Margaret Matthew Colbert, an artist, illustrator, and sculptor who specialized in visualizing extinct species.

## Asia hypothesis

Matthew believed that the first humans had originated in Asia, he visited Asia by taking part in the Central Asiatic expeditions. Matthew was also well known for his deeply influential 1915 article "Climate and evolution", Matthews theory was that climate change was how organisms came to live where we find them today in opposition to the theory of continental drift. His basic premise was that cyclical changes in global climate, along with the prevailing tendency for mammals to disperse from north to south, account for the odd geographic patterns of living mammals. He believed that humans and many other groups of modern mammals first evolved in the northern areas of the globe, especially central Asia because of the shifting climatic circumstances; Matthew firmly placed hominid origins in central Asia as he thought that the high plateau of Tibet was the forcing ground of mammalian evolution.

## Selected works

* Fossil mammals of the Tertiary of northeastern Colorado: American Museum collection of 1898. 1901.
* The evolution of the horse. 1903.
* The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, Middle Eocene. 1909.
* Dinosaurs with special reference to the American museum, collections. 1915.
# William E. Beck

William E. Beck (November 8, 1832 – September 2, 1892) was an attorney and a delegate for the framing of the state's constitution. He was then a district court judge and jurist and chief justice of the Colorado Supreme Court.

## Early life and education

Beck was born November 8, 1832 on a farm in Venango County, Pennsylvania. He was educated at district schools in Pennsylvania, two academies in Centre County, Pennsylvania, and then at the Classical and Commercial High School in Lawrenceville, New Jersey.

## Career

After he completed his education, he was a schoolteacher for several years and he studied the law. He moved to LaSalle County, Illinois and established himself in Mendota where he published the newspaper, The Observer, with J.C. Crocker. He worked as a surveyor and engineer. He studied the law with Crocker and was admitted to the bar in Illinois on November 6, 1861. He practiced law in Mendota and Ottawa, Illinois. He married before he moved west.
In the fall of 1872, he settled in Boulder, Colorado and practiced law there until 1876. He was elected by members of the Republican party to participate in the framing of the state's constitution in 1875. He and Byron L. Carr represented the 4th District. Beck was the chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. He was a member of the committees on judiciary department, right of suffrage, elections, and miscellaneous division. The constitution was passed by the Congress of the United States and approved on March 3, 1875. Beck was a Republican.
Beck operated a law firm with George D. Reynolds named Beck & Reynolds until November 6, 1876, because Beck had accepted a seat on the bench of the First Judicial District. He became an associate justice of the Colorado Supreme Court January 13, 1880. On January 9, 1883, he became the third Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court, serving in this position until January 8, 1889. He was then appointed reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court tribunal until his death.
   Judge Beck, as the world estimates, was not a brilliant man, but while this is true, it is equally true that all the leading qualities of sterling manhood were in him so pronounced as to distinguish him unmistakably as no ordinary man.

## Death

Beck died at his home in Denver on September 2, 1892. He was about 60 years old at the time of his death. He is buried in Riverside Cemetery in Denver.
# William Bradley

William or Will Bradley may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* William Bradley (painter) (1801–1857), English painter
* Will H. Bradley (1868–1962), American Art Nouveau illustrator and artist
* Will Bradley (1912–1989), American musician

## Law and politics

* William Czar Bradley (1782–1867), American politician, United States Representative from Vermont
* William A. Bradley (1794–1867), American politician, mayor of Washington, D.C.
* William Bradley (New South Wales colonial politician) (1800–1868), Australian politician and landholder
* William O'Connell Bradley (1847–1914), American politician, governor of Kentucky and United States senator
* William J. Bradley (1852–1916), American businessman and politician from New Jersey
* William P. Bradley (1867–1938), American lawyer and city councilman in Detroit, Michigan
* William Bradley (Australian politician) (1881–1957), New South Wales politician

## Sports

* William Bradley (footballer) (1893–?), English football (soccer) player
* William Bradley-King (born 1997), American football player
* William Bradley (boxer) (fl. 1913–1920), South African Olympic boxer

## Others

* William Bradley (Royal Navy officer) (1757–1833), British naval officer in the first settlement of New South Wales
* William Bradley (giant) (1787–1820), tallest recorded British man
* William E. Bradley Jr. (1913–2000), American engineer and businessman
* William Lee Bradley (1918–2007), American scholar of comparative religion, ethics, and theology
# William Fuller-Maitland

William Fuller-Maitland (6 May 1844 – 15 November 1932) was an English art collector and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1875 to 1895. A cricketer, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University between 1864 and 1867, and for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) between 1866 and 1870.

## Early life

Fuller-Maitland was born at Stansted Hall, Essex, the eldest son of William Fuller Maitland, of Stansted, and of Garth, Brecon, and his wife Lydia Prescott. His father was an art collector and had rebuilt Stansted Hall to house his collection, but died before he could enjoy it. Fuller Maitland was educated at Brighton College and Harrow School where he was in the cricket XI for four years and at Christ Church, Oxford.

## Cricketing career

While at Oxford he played cricket for Oxford University where he was a devastating bowler. In 1864 he took 8 for 58 against MCC, 8 for 48 against Surrey and in the University match took four wickets in each innings for an Oxford victory. In 1865 he again took 4 wickets in each innings of the University match, and against Surrey took 6 for 100 and 6 for 35. He played the same matches in 1866 but his wicket tally was not so high. In 1867 he took 5 for 117 against Surrey. He subsequently played for Marylebone Cricket Club and for various other first-class sides including "Gentlemen" v Players, North of the Thames and I Zingari. Other teams he played for included South Wales, Bishops Stortford and Essex.
Fuller-Maitland was a right-arm slow bowler and took 123 first-class wickets at an average of 15.72 and with a best performance of 8 for 48. He was a right-hand batsman and played 62 innings in 38 first-class matches with an average of 13.85 and a top score of 61.

## Public offices

Fuller-Maitland was a J.P. and a Deputy Lieutenant of Breconshire, and a J.P. for Essex. He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Breconshire at a by-election in May 1875, and held the seat until his retirement from the House of Commons at the 1895 election.

## Private life

Fuller-Maitland sold Stansted Hall in 1921.
He died at Kemp Town, Brighton, Sussex at the age of 88. Fuller-Maitland had married the Hon. Evelyn Coulstoun Gardner, daughter of the 3rd Baron Gardner in 1881. His grandson Arthur Byng played cricket for Hampshire.
# E6 European long distance path

The E6 European long distance path or E6 path is one of the European long-distance paths from the northwest tip of Finland through Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Austria to the Adriatic coast in Slovenia. A second section starts again in Greece to finish in Turkey.

## Finland

Responsible organisation: None
European Ramblers' Association doesn’t take the responsibility for E6 in Finland, because of no ERA Member Organisation in this country.
Some of the places passed on the north-to-south route include:
* Kilpisjärvi, Finland
* Kemi, Finland
* Tampere, Finland
* Turku, Finland
* Mariehamn, Finland

## Sweden

Responsible organisation: Svenska Turistforeningen
Some of the places passed on the north-to-south route include:
* Grisslehamn, Sweden (reached by ferry)
* Stockholm, Sweden
* the lake country of S Sweden
* Malmö, Sweden

## Denmark

Responsible organisation: Dansk Vandrelaug
Route
The E-path starts in Kastrup Airport in Copenhagen and follows the southern side of Copenhagen towards Roskilde.
An alternate E6 starts in Helsingør and follows Nordsjællandsruten to Roskilde. It goes through North Zealand and passes nationalpark Kongernes Nordsjælland.
From Roskilde the E-path follows partly the trail Skjoldungestien to Ringsted. From Ringsted to Korsør the E-path follows its own track. In Korsør you take the train over Great Belt to Nyborg, where the E-path continues south towards Svendborg, where it follows the trail Øhavsstien on the southern part of Fyn. Take the ferry from Svendborg to Ærøskøbing on the island Ærø and continue along Øhavsstien to Søby. Take the ferry from Søby to Fynshav, where you continue south to meet the Leading Quality Trail Gendarmstien. Follow Gendarmstien, passing Sønderborg and Gråsten towards Kruså.
The E-path is well documented on Waymarked Trails
The E-path is not well marked on Fyn !

### External links

* European Ramblers Association data on E6 in Denmark

## Germany

Responsible organisation: Deutsche Wanderverband
Some of the places passed on the north-to-south route include:
* Kiel, Germany
* Lübeck, Germany
* Fichtel Mountains, Germany
* Dreisesselberg, Germany

## Austria

In Austria the E6 follows the routes of Nordwaldkammweg (from Dreisesselberg to Nebelstein) and Nord-Süd-Weitwanderweg 05 (North-South-Trail) to Eibiswald near the Slovenian border.
Some of the places passed on the north-to-south route include:
* Upper Austria:
** Bad Leonfelden
** Freistadt
* Lower Austria:
** Nebelstein
** Spitz an der Donau (200 m, lowest point in Austria)
** Melk
** Lackenhof / Ötscher
* Styria:
** Mariazell
** Hochschwab (2277 m, highest point in Austria)
** Leoben
** Gleinalpe
** Koralpe
** Eibiswald

### External links

* European Ramblers Association data on E6 in Austria

## Slovenia

Some of the places passed on the north-to-south route include:
* Radlje ob Dravi
* Koper
* Strunjan

## Greece

Some of the places passed on the north-to-south route include:
* Igoumenitsa, Greece
* Florina, Greece
* Alexandroupoli, Greece

## Turkey

Some of the places passed on the north-to-south route include:
* Dardanelles, Turkey
# William Nimmons Kelley

William N. Kelley is an American physician who was the chief executive officer of the University of Pennsylvania Health System. Kelley was a professor of biological chemistry and internal medicine at University of Michigan from, 1975 to 1989. He is best known for his role in creating the University of Pennsylvania Health System. He is also known for Kelley's Textbook of Internal Medicine.

## Education and Research

Kelley earned his Bachelor's and Doctor of Medicine from Emory University in 1963. Kelley then trained with J. Edwin Seegmiller at the Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch of the National Institutes of Health. He did his residency at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1968. Kelley joined the faculty at Duke University in 1968 where he became chief of the Division of Rheumatic and Genetic Diseases and professor of biochemistry. He then joined University of Michigan as the chair of the department of internal medicine from 1975 to 1989 where he build Michigan into one of the top departments in the country.
In 1989, he became the Dean of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. There he conceived of and built the University of Pennsylvania Health System in 1993, the nation's first fully integrated academic health-care system. Because of financial worries in 2000, Kelley was dismissed as CEO and replaced by Peter Traber.
He is the recipient of the 2005 Kober Medal and the 2000 Emory Medal. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine.

## Personal life

Kelley was born in Atlanta Georgia and grew up in West Palm Beach, Florida. He is married to Lois Faville who he was friends with since kindergarten.
# Anti-fungal

Anti-fungal means to kill or to prevent growth of fungi, and may refer to:
* Antifungal medication, used to treat or prevent fungal infections
* Fungicide, an anti-fungal substance that kills fungi
* Fungistatics, anti-fungal substances that prevent fungi from growing or reproducing
# Anticomidae

Anticomidae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Enoplida.
Genera:
* Anticoma Bastian, 1865
* Anticomopsis Micoletzky & Kreis, 1930
* Antopus Cobb, 1933
* Cephalanticoma Platonova, 1976
* Odontanticoma Platonova, 1976
* Paranticoma Micoletzky & Kreis, 1930
# William H. Tebbs

Dr. William Henry Tebbs (November 16, 1821 – November 10, 1866) was an American politician. He also served as an officer of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1863.

## Early life and education

Tebbs was born in Prince William County, Virginia, and upon reaching adulthood began studying medicine. He began practicing as a doctor, and later moved to Mason County, Kentucky, where he married Martha Anderson. The couple moved to Platte County, Missouri, where he again opened a private doctor practice. In 1854, he and his brother Obidiah opened a hotel in Jefferson County, Kansas, in the rapidly expanding town of Ozawkie.
Tebbs entered into politics, serving on the territorial Legislature, and initially was successful in having the town of Ozawkie named as the county seat. However, not long afterward the decision was made to name Oskaloosa as the county seat. Tebbs became a member of the Democratic Party, and an active member of the pro-slavery movement. Following the Kansas free-state victory in 1857, he and his family moved to Hamburg, Arkansas, where he again opened a medical practice.

## American Civil War

In May 1861, following the outbreak of the American Civil War, he joined with Van. H. Manning in the recruitment and organization of the 3d Arkansas Infantry Regiment, in which Tebbs was initially elected a captain. His brother Obidiah also joined the regiment, assigned to "A" Company, which was commanded by Tebbs. The regiment was then marched to Vicksburg, Mississippi and presented for service in the Confederate Army. Initially, they were turned down. However, Manning appealed to Arkansas politician Albert Rust, whose two brothers were serving in the regiment, and with persistence the Third Arkansas became a part of the Confederate Army, being sent to Lynchburg, Virginia for training.
The regiment was then assigned to General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, and soon after attached to the Texas Brigade. Tebbs was promoted to lieutenant-colonel following Manning's promotion to colonel in early 1862. He would serve with the regiment in the battles of Cheat Mountain, Seven Pines, Harpers Ferry, Antietam, and Fredericksburg, in addition to several smaller battles and skirmishes in between. In bad health, Tebbs would resign his commission and leave Confederate service on January 11, 1863.

## Death

He died in November, 1866, in St. Louis, Missouri, and was buried in "Bellefontaine Cemetery".

## Sources

* Third Arkansas Infantry Regiment, CSA at Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Home Page (couchgenweb.com)
* American Civil War
* Biography
* Kansas
* Medicine
* Politics
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