OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beetle (ASIC)

The Beetle ASIC is an analog readout chip. It is developed for the LHCb experiment at CERN.

## Overview

The chip integrates 128 channels with low-noise charge-sensitive pre-amplifiers and shapers. The pulse shape can be chosen such that it complies with LHCb specifications: a peaking time of 25 ns with a remainder of the peak voltage after 25 ns of less than 30%. A comparator per channel with configurable polarity provides a binary signal. Four adjacent comparator channels are being ORed and brought off chip via LVDS drivers.
Either the shaper or comparator output is sampled with the LHC bunch-crossing frequency of 40 MHz into an analog pipeline. This ring buffer has a programmable latency of a maximum of 160 sampling intervals and an integrated derandomising buffer of 16 stages. For analogue readout data is multiplexed with up to 40 MHz onto one or four ports. A binary readout mode operates at up to 80 MHz output rate on two ports. Current drivers bring the serialised data off chip.
The chip can accept trigger rates up to 1.1 MHz to perform a dead-timeless readout within 900 ns per trigger. For testability and calibration purposes, a charge injector with adjustable pulse height is implemented. The bias settings and various other parameters can be controlled via a standard I²C-interface. The chip is radiation hardened to an accumulated dose of more than 100 Mrad. Robustness against single event upset is achieved by redundant logic.
# Straight line engine turning

A straight line engine turning machine is a machine used for engraving decorative patterns on a surface. The engraving may be referred to as Guilloché, which also encompasses patterns created with the rose engine lathe. Where the rose engine is based on a lathe, the straight line engine has more in common with a metal planer machine.
The straight line engine turning machine commonly consisted of an upright slide, a cross slide, a slide rest which holds the cutting tool, and a pattern bar holder
# Brechfa transmitting station

The Brechfa television relay station is sited on high ground to the east of the village of Brechfa to the northeast of Carmarthen. It was originally built in the 1980s as a fill-in relay for UHF analogue colour television covering the communities of Brechfa, Horeb and Aber Goleu. It consists of a 12 m self-supporting lattice steel mast standing on a hillside which is itself about 290 m above sea level. The transmissions are beamed northeast to cover all these targets. The Brechfa transmission station is owned and operated by Arqiva.
Brechfa transmitter re-radiates the signal received off-air from Carmel about 30 km to the south. When it came, the digital switchover process for Brechfa duplicated the timing at Carmel with the first stage taking place on 26 August 2009 and with the second stage being completed on 23 September 2009. After the switchover process, analogue channels had ceased broadcasting permanently and the Freeview digital TV services were radiated at an ERP of 3.6 W each.

## Channels listed by frequency
### Analogue television
#### 1980s - 26 August 2009

Brechfa (being in Wales) transmitted the S4C variant of Channel 4.
| Frequency | UHF | kW | Service |
| 471.25 MHz | 21 | 0.018 | BBC One Wales |
| 495.25 MHz | 24 | 0.018 | S4C |
| 519.25 MHz | 27 | 0.018 | BBC Two Wales |
| 551.25 MHz | 31 | 0.018 | ITV1 Wales (HTV Wales until 2002) |

### Analogue and digital television
#### 26 August 2009 - 23 September 2009

The UK's digital switchover commenced at Carmel (and therefore at Brechfa and all its other relays) on 26 August 2009. Analogue BBC Two Wales on channel 27 was first to close, replaced by the new digital BBC A mux which started up in 64-QAM and at full power (i.e. 3.6 W) on that same channel.
| Frequency | UHF | kW | Service | System |
| 471.25 MHz | 21 | 0.018 | BBC One Wales | PAL System I |
| 495.25 MHz | 24 | 0.018 | S4C | PAL System I |
| 522.000 MHz | 27 | 0.0036 | BBC A | DVB-T |
| 551.25 MHz | 31 | 0.018 | ITV1 Wales (HTV Wales until 2002) | PAL System I |

### Digital television
#### 23 September 2009 - present

The remaining analogue TV services were closed down and the digital multiplexes took over on the original analogue channels' frequencies.
| Frequency | UHF | kW | Operator |
| 474.166 MHz | 21+ | 0.0036 | BBC B |
| 498.000 MHz | 24 | 0.0036 | Digital 3&4 |
| 522.000 MHz | 27 | 0.0036 | BBC A |
# National Civic Party

National Civic Party may refer to:
* National Civic Party (Hungary)
* National Civic Party (Panama)
# Synemon selene

Synemon selene, the pale sun-moth, is a moth in the Castniidae family. It is found in Australia, including Victoria and South Australia.
The wingspan is about 35 mm for males and 47 mm for females.
Adults have been recorded from early February to early March.
The larvae probably feed on the roots of Austrodanthonia setacea.
# Chiang Kai-shek's Secret Past

Chiang Kai-shek's Secret Past: The Memoir of His Second Wife, Ch'en Chieh-ju is a book by Jennie Chen Jieru (as Chen Chieh-ju), with Lloyd E. Eastman as the editor and author of the introduction. It was the final work with work done by Eastman.
Chen was the second wife of Chiang Kai-shek, and this book is a memoir of her experiences with Chiang.

## Background

Chen hoped to get revenue by publishing a book, and Chiang had encouraged Chen to keep a diary, allowing her to remember what people said in conversations. Chen told her story to a friend, a banker in Hong Kong named James Lee. He secretly wrote the memoir in English. The Kuomintang (KMT), Chiang's political party, attempted to prevent Chen's recollections from going public. The KMT had asked Chen to give the party all of the correspondence she had.
Eastman, a professor, made some copyediting, including in regards to the use of English, and wrote his own footnotes. The Taiwan edition published in 1992 includes an introduction written by Wang Ke-wen, a professor who studied the KMT who identified which parts of the memoir were not accurate. Book reviewer Gregor Benton wrote that Wang "finds so many mistakes and untruths in it that Wang is unable to accept the veracity even of its account of Chiang Kai-shek's personal behaviour toward Jennie." Eastman himself stated Chiang Kai-shek's Secret Past "contains a number of errors, both large and small". However Eastman reasoned that the memoirs were largely accurate because of her presence at various events, her seven-year marriage, and several of her pre-breakup accounts being, in the words of Roger B. Jeans of Washington and Lee University, "remarkably free of acrimony".

## Contents

The book includes copies of letters written by Chiang and letters written to Chiang.
Jeans stated that Chen had "understandable bitterness at her treatment by Chiang", which, along with the financial rationale, "naturally arouses skepticism among readers."

## Reception

Benton wrote that he wished that there were additional footnotes that discussed which parts of the accounts were or were not reliable and a text comparison of the letters to events which would have proven parts of the memoir true. He stated "Had enough of the letters been corroborated, I would feel safer accepting controversial statements by Jennie not open to such checking."
An American secretary named Ginny Connor, who took her own notes of Jennie Chen's memoirs, stated that Eastman's status of a professor meant he successfully proved that Chen's words were true, and Connor stated her desire to write her own book using the memoirs she had.
# Equidistance principle

The equidistance principle, or principle of equidistance, is a legal concept in maritime boundary claims that a nation's maritime boundaries should conform to a median line that is equidistant from the shores of neighboring nations. The concept was developed in the process of settling disputes in which the borders of adjacent nations were located on a contiguous continental shelf:
   An equidistance line is one for which every point on the line is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines being used. The equidistance principle is a methodology that has been endorsed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea but predates that treaty and has been used by the Supreme Court of the United States, states, and nations to establish boundaries equitably.
The equidistance principle represents one aspect of customary international law, but its importance is evaluated in light of other factors such as history:
   "Historic rights" or titles of some or another kind will acquire enhanced, rather than diminished, importance as a result of the narrowing of the 'physical' rather than the 'legal' sources of right. It is important to remember that, although historical claims were not successful in the Gulf of Maine case, the identification of a 'status quo' or 'modus vivendi' line in Tunisia–Libya was of decisive importance in confirming the equitableness of the first stage of delimitation. States will scrupulously avoid, more than ever, any appearance of acquiescence where acquiescence is not intended; prudent coordination can be expected between petroleum and mining ministries and the legal advisers of foreign ministries." — Highet, Keith. (1989). "Whatever became of natural prolongation."

## History

The United States used equidistance in the 1805 Act of Congress that divided public lands by measurements as close as possible to "equidistant from those two corners which stand on the same line." One of the most notable historical events regarding equidistance is the Argument between Germany, Netherlands and Denmark. All three countries laid claim to a specific area within the ocean. Germany claimed that due to special circumstances they owned that land so the three countries fought through the United Nations. Eventually the ICJ stepped in and held a trial regarding the topic.
International law also refers to equidistance. For example, Article 6 of the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf explains:
   "Where the same continental shelf is adjacent to the territories of two or more States whose coasts are opposite each other, the boundary of the continental shelf appertaining to such States shall be determined by agreement between them. In the absence of agreement, and unless another boundary line is justified by special circumstances, the boundary is the median line, every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured."
# Salvation is Created

"Salvation is Created" is a choral work composed by Pavel Chesnokov in 1912 as the fifth in his Ten Communion Hymns (Op. 25). It was one of the last sacred works he composed before he turned to secular arts when the Soviet government began to suppress Christianity. Although he never heard his own composition performed, his children had the opportunity following his death. "Salvation is Created'" was originally published in 1913 by J. Fischer and Bro. and its popularity drove editors to produce many different versions in both Russian and English. Scored for six voices (SATTBB), the work is a communion hymn based on a synodal Kievan chant melody and Psalm 74 (73 in the Greek version). The original Church Slavonic text is as follows:
* Cyrillic script: Cпасение coдeлaл еси посреде земли, Боже. Аллилуия.
* Latin alphabet: Spaséniye sodélal yesí posredé ziemlí, Bózhe. Allilúiya.
* English translation: Salvation is wrought in the midst of the earth, O God. Alleluia.
       (Tchesnokov 2002)
The keys of B minor and D major are the work's primary key centers, and it is cast in AA’ or two part strophic form.

## Band setting

Arranged in 1957 by Bruce Houseknecht, a wind band arrangement is considered a standard in the literature. Form, phrasing, and meter are all unaltered in the arrangement, but the key was changed to C minor and E-flat major for playability and intonation purposes.
# Dick Logan

Dick Logan may refer to:
* Dick Logan (American football player)
* Dick Logan (American football coach)
* Dick Logan (Australian footballer)
# Shavkat

Shavkat is a Persian masculine given name, often extended to Turkic, it is a variation of the Arabic name Shawkat (Arabic: شَوْكَت). It may refer to
* Shavkat Mirziyoyev (born 1957), President of Uzbekistan
* Shavkat Mullajanov (born 1986), Uzbekistani football player
* Shavkat Raimqulov (born 1984), Uzbekistani football player
* Shavkat Salomov (born 1985), Uzbekistani football striker
* Shavkat Rakhmonov (born 1994), Kazakhstani mixed martial artist
# Stoughton, Leicestershire

Stoughton (/ˈstoʊtən/ ) is a village and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire. The population at the 2011 census was 351.
Stoughton is east of Leicester, in countryside between two protrusions of the Leicester urban area (Thurnby to the north and Oadby to the south). The closest part of the city of Leicester is Evington. Other nearby places are Houghton on the Hill and Great Stretton.
The parish church of St Mary and All Saints contains monuments to members of the Farnham and Beaumont families. Stoughton Grange was the principal grange or farm of Leicester Abbey. After the suppression of the abbey in 1538 it passed to the Farnhams.
Leicester Airport is close to the village; Stoughton Farm Park (formerly Stoughton Grange Farm), which was closed following the foot-and-mouth crisis and now houses a number of small businesses, is nearby. In 2008, the airport and adjacent land was the subject of a proposal to build an eco-town of some 15,000 to 20,000 new homes, with the provisional name of Pennbury.

## Notable people

* George Anthony Legh Keck, Member of Parliament
* Bella Wright, the victim in the Green Bicycle Case, is buried in the churchyard
# Staffan Larsson

Staffan Larsson, (born 10 February 1970), is a Swedish former cross-country skier.
Larsson competed at an elite level from 1992 to 2005. He took part in the Vasaloppet on numerous occasions, and finished second in 1998 after a late finish from Peter Göransson. Larsson took revenge a year later (1999) when he won the Vasaloppet.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Long Distance | Middle Distance | Sprint |
| 1995 | 25 | 89 | — | — | — | — |
| 1996 | 26 | NC | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 27 | NC | — | NC | — | — |
| 1998 | 28 | NC | — | NC | — | — |
| 1999 | 29 | NC | — | NC | — | — |
| 2000 | 30 | 95 | — | 53 | NC | — |
| 2001 | 31 | NC | — | — | — | — |
| 2002 | 32 | NC | — | — | — | — |
| 2003 | 33 | NC | — | — | — | — |
# Tsunomaru

Tsunomaru (つの丸, born 27 May 1970 in Chiba, Japan) is a Japanese manga artist who writes mostly shōnen manga. He debuted in 1991 with "Go Go Pocho Mukin" (GOGOポチョムキン), which received the Shōnen Weekly Jump newcomer's award. Tsunomaru is best known for the horse-racing comedy Midori no Makibaō, which was adapted as a 61-episode anime television series and received the 1997 Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga.

## Style

Tsunomaru is known for his distinct drawing style. Most of his characters have monkey-like features, most notable in his manga Mon Mon Mon!, including short stature, small eyes, large nostrils, big lips, and if male, exposed genitals.

## Works

* Mon mon mon (モンモンモン), Weekly Shōnen Jump (1992 - 1993, 8 volumes)
* Midori no Makibaō (みどりのマキバオー), Weekly Shōnen Jump (1994 - 1998, 16 volumes)
* Survibee (サバイビー sabaibi-), Weekly Shōnen Jump (1999, 3 volumes)
* Jūshin Igari Tora Jirō (重臣猪狩虎次郎), Weekly Shōnen Jump (2001, 2 volumes)
* Gocchan desu!! (ごっちゃんです!!), Weekly Shōnen Jump (2003 - 2004, 5 volumes)
* Taiyō no Makibaō (たいようのマキバオー), Weekly Playboy (2007 - 2011, 16 volumes)
* Taiyō no Makibaō W (たいようのマキバオーW), Weekly Playboy (2011 - 2016, 20 volumes)
# ThakkallaPally

ThakkallaPally is a village in Ranga Reddy district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It falls under Yacharam mandal.
# Equidimensional

Equidimensional may refer to:
* Equidimensional (geology), used to describe the shape of three-dimensional objects
* Equidimensionality, property of a space that the local dimension is the same everywhere
# Salvation Sect

Salvation Sect (Korean: 구원파; Hanja: 救援派; RR: gu-won-pa) from the Korean word for "salvation", guwon (Korean: 구원; RR: gu-won), may refer to any of the following sects:
* Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea, known as the Evangelical Layman's Church before 1981
* Good News Mission
* Life Word Mission
# Dick Loepfe

Richard P. Loepfe (January 1, 1922 – October 31, 2010) was an American football offensive tackle in the National Football League for the Chicago Cardinals (1948–1949). He played at the collegiate level at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
# Shaviyani

Shaviyani may refer to:
* Shaviyani Atoll, an administrative division of the Maldives.
* Shaviyani, the second consonant of the Thaana abugaida used in Dhivehi.
# Bungulla banksia

Bungulla banksia is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2018 by Australian arachnologists Michael Rix, Robert Raven and Mark Harvey. The specific epithet banksia refers to the species’ preferred habitat of kwongan Banksia heathland on sandplains.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in the Geraldton Sandplains bioregion of south-west Western Australia. The type locality is on the Cooljarloo mining lease, in low Banksia woodland.
# Staffan Malmsten

Benny Staffan Malmsten (born October 22, 1970, in Katrineholm) is a Swedish sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1990s. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, he finished eighth in the K-2 1000 m event while being eliminated in the semifinals of the K-2 500 m event.
# National Indoor Arena (disambiguation)

The National Indoor Arena (previously Barclaycard Arena, currently Utilita Arena Birmingham) is in Birmingham, United Kingdom.
National Indoor Arena may also refer to:
* Scottish National Indoor Arena, later the Commonwealth Arena or Emirates Arena, in Glasgow, United Kingdom
* National Indoor Arena (Ireland)
* National Indoor Arena (Jamaica)
# Venetian Masque

Venetian Masque is a 1934 adventure novel written by the Anglo-Italian writer Rafael Sabatini.
It is set in the 1790s, around the time of the invasion by Napoleon Bonaparte which led to the fall of the Republic of Venice. The hero is the Vicomte de Saulx, a French aristocrat supposedly guillotined during the French Revolution, who enters the world of espionage in Venice.
# Ordinary People (Evans novel)

Ordinary People is a 2018 novel by Diana Evans.
The book received positive reviews from The Guardian and The New Yorker. It was shortlisted for the 2019 Women's Prize for Fiction.
# Asier Fernández

Asier Fernández de Bobadilla Rola (born 22 June 1972) is a Spanish windsurfer. He competed in the men's Lechner A-390 event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Megamitochondria

Megamitochondria is extremely large and abnormal shapes of mitochondria seen in hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease and in nutritional deficiencies. It can be seen in conditions of hypertrophy in cell death.
# Diasporus vocator

Diasporus vocator, sometimes known as Agua Buena robber frog after its type locality, Agua Buena, in Golfito canton of Costa Rica, is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is found between southwestern Costa Rica and western Colombia on the Pacific versant and between central Panama and northern Colombia on the Atlantic versant. Its natural habitats are relatively pristine humid lowland and montaine forests, but it also occurs in secondary forest and tree plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Sheila Heen

Sheila Heen is an American author, educator and public speaker. She is the Thaddeus R. Beal Professor of Practice at Harvard Law School, member of the Harvard Negotiation Project, co-founder of Triad Consulting, and author of two New York Times Best Sellers - Difficult Conversations: How to Discuss What Matters Most, and Thanks for the Feedback: The Science and Art of Receiving Feedback Well. At Harvard, Sheila teaches negotiation and conflict management.

## Biography

She received her B.A. from Occidental College and her J.D. from Harvard Law School. Upon graduating law school, Heen joined the Harvard Negotiation Project in 1993 to focus on negotiation theory for practitioners. She married John Richardson in 1994. She is co-founder of Triad Consulting Group, a global corporate education and communication consulting firm. Her book with Douglas Stone and Bruce Patton, Difficult Conversations: How to Discuss What Matters Most (Penguin 2000) expands on the problem-solving approach set forth in Getting to Yes.

## Awards

* Difficult Conversations: How to Discuss What Matters Most by Stone, Patton & Heen has been named one of 50 psychology Classics.
* Thanks for the Feedback: the Science and Art of Receiving Feedback Well by Stone & Heen won the 2015 Book for a Better Life Award.
# Storkvarvet Mountain

Storkvarvet Mountain is a mountain in Antarctica that is round in plan and has several radial spurs, standing N of Habermehl Peak at the NE end of the Muhlig-Hofmann Mountains, Queen Maud Land.

## Discovery and naming

Storkvarvet Mountain was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher. Plotted from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Storkvarvet (the big round of logs).
# Staples Mill station

Staples Mill station may refer to either of two transport facilities in Richmond, Virginia:
* Staples Mill station (GRTC), a Greater Richmond Transit Company bus rapid transit stop
* Richmond Staples Mill Road station, an Amtrak station
# WASP-19

WASP-19, formally named Wattle, is a magnitude 12.3 star about 869 light-years (266 parsecs) away, located in the Vela constellation of the southern hemisphere. This star has been found to host a transiting hot Jupiter-type planet in tight orbit.
WASP-19 is older than the Sun, has a fraction of heavy elements above the solar abundance, and is rotating rapidly, being spun up by the tides raised by the giant planet on a close orbit.

## Nomenclature

The designation WASP-19 indicates that this was the 19th star found to have a planet by the Wide Angle Search for Planets.
In August 2022, this planetary system was included among 20 systems to be named by the third NameExoWorlds project. The approved names were proposed by a team from Brandon Park Primary School in Wheelers Hill (Melbourne, Australia), led by scientist Lance Kelly and teacher David Maierhofer and announced in June 2023. WASP-19 is named "Wattle" and its planet is named "Banksia", after the plant genera Wattle (specifically the golden wattle Acacia pycnantha) and Banksia (specifically the scarlet banksia Banksia coccinea) respectively.

## Planetary system

In December 2009, the SuperWASP project announced that a hot Jupiter type exoplanet, WASP-19b, was orbiting very close to this star and with the shortest orbital period of any transiting exoplanet known at the time.
The WASP-19 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b / Banksia | 1.168±0.023 M$_J$ | 0.01634 ± 0.00019 | 0.7888396 ± 0.00000010 | 0 | 78.76 ± 0.13° | 1.18±0.12 R$_J$ |
# Salvador Valeriano Pineda

Salvador Valeriano Pineda (born 6 August 1965) is a Honduran politician. He currently serves as deputy of the National Congress of Honduras representing the National Party of Honduras for Lempira.
# Yukarıçiçekli, Yüreğir

Yukarıçiçekli is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yüreğir, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 340 (2022).
# Alcibiades (play)

Alcibiades is a 1675 tragedy by the English writer Thomas Otway, based on the life of the Athenian statesman and general Alcibiades. Staged by the Duke's Company, it premiered at the Dorset Garden Theatre in London with a cast that featured Thomas Betterton as Alcibiades, Matthew Medbourne as Agis, Samuel Sandford as Tissaphernes, John Crosby as Patroclus, Henry Harris as Theramnes, Thomas Gillow as Polyndus, Mary Lee as Deidamia, Mary Betterton as Timandra and Elizabeth Barry as Draxilla.