OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# USS Frolic (1813)

USS Frolic was a sloop-of-war that served in the United States Navy in 1814. The British captured her later that year and she served in the Royal Navy in the Channel and the North Sea until she was broken up in 1819.

## Construction

Frolic was one of a class of three heavy flush-decked sloops of war, designed by William Doughty and constructed late in the War of 1812. Her sister ships were USS Peacock and USS Wasp. Frolic was launched on 11 September 1813 by Josiah Barker at Charlestown, Massachusetts.

## United States service

Frolic first put to sea on 18 February 1814 with Commander Joseph Bainbridge (younger brother of Commodore William Bainbridge) in command, standing out of President Roads in Boston Harbor at Boston, Massachusetts, for a cruise in the West Indies.
On 29 March 1814 she destroyed a British merchant ship, and later on the same day she sank an unnamed Spanish-American privateer, sailing from Cartagena in present-day Colombia. Frolic prevailed in a brief action in which nearly 100 of the privateer's crew drowned. (Privateers from several countries seeking independence from Spain were preying on ships of all nations in the Caribbean.)
Frolic sank another British merchant ship on 3 April 1814. (This may have been Little Fox.)
While in the Florida Strait on 20 April 1814, Frolic encountered the British 36-gun frigate HMS Orpheus and 12-gun schooner HMS Shelburne. Frolic beat away to southward, making for the coast of Cuba as the two British ships gave chase. Frolic's men labored to lighten their ship, cutting away the starboard anchor, and casting overboard the guns mounted on her port (lee) side and small arms. Overtaken after six hours, Frolic was forced to surrender to the superior British force when about 15 miles off Matanzas, Cuba.

## British service

After her capture, the Admiralty purchased Frolic for £8,211 1s 7d and took her into service as the post ship HMS Florida. She was commissioned in June at Halifax under Captain Nathaniel Mitchell. She arrived at Woolwich on 30 August 1815. She was recommissioned in September under Captain William Elliot and fitted for Channel service on 22 December.
In April 1816 she sailed for the North Sea under Captain Charles S. J. Hawtayne, where she was employed in searching for and catching smugglers. In February 1818 she was re-rated as a 22-gun sloop.
On 11 May she captured St Thomas, a galley out of Calais with a crew of 12 men. In making the capture, Florida's master's mate, Mr. Kieth Stewart shot and killed one of the smugglers in self-defense.

## Fate

She was broken up at Chatham in May 1819.
# Binda

Binda may refer to:
* Binda, New South Wales, village in New South Wales, Australia.
* Binda (titular see), an ancient Roman Catholic bishopric in present-day Turkey
* Bindaios, the town hosting the see
* Binda Group, a watch and jewelry company

## People

* Albino Binda (1904–1976), Italian racing cyclist
* Alfredo Binda (1902–1986), Italian cyclist of the 1920s and 1930s
* Marie Beatrice Binda, known as Mademoiselle Beatrice (1839–1878), Italian-born actress in England
# Antodynerus

Antodynerus is an Afrotropical and Indomalayan genus of potter wasps.
# Anthony Asael

Anthony Asael (born 1974) is an international photographer who works for the Getty agency (previously Corbis. He is of Turkish and Italian origin. He is also the founder of the not-for-profit organization Art in All of Us. Anthony Asael has traveled through, photographed and taught in all 193 UN member countries.

## Early life

At 7 years old, he developed his black-and-white photography in his lab. He traveled with and learned from Ruggero Gabbai – a professional Italian photographer and film director.

## Art in All of Us

Anthony graduated from Solvay Business School in Belgium. He held several management positions at various IT and telecommunication companies. In 2004 he decided to dedicate to the non-profit sector and founded Art in All of Us, an organisation that claims to promote tolerance and cultural exchanges in schools. Having traveled throughout the world and encountered with different cultures, Asael aims at giving a right of expression to children and building more tolerance through artistic exchanges and communication. He wants Art in All of Us to be the international platform of child art exchanges, promoting tolerance and creative cultural exchanges while using the universal language of Art.
The World Art Book of Art in All of Us (also called Art in All of Us, The World seen through the Eyes and Rhymes of the Children) was launched the 20 November 2009 at the United Nations in New York in the frame of the 20 years anniversary of the Children Rights Convention. It presents in one book each of the 193 UN member countries through a local child, with a single portrait and a drawing and a poem by the child. Anthony Asael was the main photographer in this expedition.

## Exhibitions

Asael's artwork and photography have been shown in over 80 exhibitions since 2000. His exhibitions "Colors and Scents", "The 8 Millennium Goals", "Children Rights", "Know your World" and the "Children World Art Tour" has toured through 5 continents. He was featured in 2006–2008 within exhibitions on the Millennium Goals in Brussels, Milan, Antwerp, Toronto, New York City and in Santiago for the 60th anniversary of the Unicef. The Children World Art Tour was launched in 2010 at Antwerpen-Centraal railway station and Tour & Taxis in Brussels.
In 2012, with Art in All of Us, his work was shown at the World Expo 2012 in Yeosu, South Korea and in Rio de Janeiro for the Rio+20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development.

## Awards and recognition

With Art in All of Us, he has provided photography classes to over 388,000 children in over 1650 schools through partnership with UNICEF or SOS Children Villages.
He and Art in All of Us has also been honored at the UNICEF for the 20 years anniversary of the Children Rights Convention and exhibited in the UNICEF headquarters for the event at the same time as launching their World Art Book .
In 2009, he also won the first Prize of the Smile Festival in Paris organized by the art critic Alexia Guggemos, founder of the Smile Museum, from the hands of Sabine Weiss, president of the jury.
# Mae Ka

Mae Ka may refer to several places in Thailand:
* Mae Ka, Chiang Mai
* Mae Ka, Phayao
# Mae Jackson (politician)

Mae Jackson, born Mae Allison (1941-2005) was an American social worker and local politician. In May 2004, she became the first elected black mayor of Waco, Texas.

## Life

Mae Allison was born in Teague, Texas on September 10, 1941, the son of a school principal and a teacher. She was educated at Booker T. Washington High School and Texas Southern University, graduating with a B.Sc. in 1962. After brief jobs at Riverside National Bank and a social work position at John Sealy Hospital in Galveston, she took up graduate study, gaining a master's degree in social work from Our Lady of the Lake University in 1965.
In 1969 she joined the National Council of Negro Women, working with the NCNW in Mississippi until 1971. She also worked as an administrator at the Harlem YWCA in New York City. After two years, she returned to Texas, becoming a caseworker, social work teacher and community volunteer in Waco. She also returned to study, gaining a PhD from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1985, with a thesis on volunteering.
She married Howard Andrew Jackson, with whom she brought up a stepdaughter, foster son, adopted daughter, and biological daughter.
Jackson became increasingly active in Democratic Party politics. From 1985 to 1987 she served as vice chair of Texas Governor Mark White's Commission for Women. From 1991 to 1997 Governor Ann Richards appointed her to serve as an executive member of the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles.
Jackson served on the Waco City Council for District I from 2000 to 2004. She was elected Mayor of Waco in May 2004. However, she died suddenly on February 11, 2005, cutting short her office.
In 2018 Jackson's daughter, Andrea Jackson Barefield, was elected to Waco City Council, representing District I.
# Anton Tus

Anton Tus (Croatian pronunciation:; 22 November 1931 – 4 September 2023) was a Croatian general who served as head of the Yugoslav Air Force between 1985 and 1991 and was the first Chief of Staff of the Croatian Armed Forces from 1991 to 1992 during the Croatian War of Independence.

## Biography

A graduate of the Yugoslav Air Force Academy, Tus spent most of his career serving in the Yugoslav Air Force. From 1968 to 1969 he was commander of the 204th Fighter Aviation Regiment stationed at Batajnica Air Base. After that he was commander of the 5th Air Force and Air Defence Corps based in SR Croatia.
In 1985 he was promoted to the head of the Yugoslav Air Force and held that post until his defection in May 1991 amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. From September 1991 he was the first Chief of the General Staff of the Croatian Armed Forces, until November 1992, when he opposed Minister of Defence Gojko Šušak's policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was succeeded in that post by general Janko Bobetko.
Between 1992 and 1995 he was President Franjo Tuđman's chief military advisor, before becoming head of Defence Ministry's Office for International Cooperation between 1995 and 2001. In 2001 he was appointed to the post of the chief of the Croatian Mission to NATO until retirement in 2005.
Tus died in Zagreb on 4 September 2023, at the age of 91.

## Honors

* Grand Order of King Petar Krešimir IV
* Order of Duke Domagoj
* Order of Nikola Šubić Zrinski
* Order of the Croatian Trefoil
# Streptognathodus

Streptognathodus is an extinct genus of conodonts from the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian.

## Use in stratigraphy
### Late Carboniferous

The top of the Kasimovian stage is close to the first appearance of Streptognathodus zethus. The golden spike for the Kasimovian stage has not yet been assigned (in 2008).
The Kasimovian is subdivided into three conodont biozones:
* Idiognathodus toretzianus Zone
* Idiognathodus sagittatus Zone
* Streptognathodus excelsus and Streptognathodus makhlinae Zone
The base of the Gzhelian is at the first appearance of Streptognathodus zethus. The top of the stage (also the top base of the Silesian and the base of the Permian system) is at the first appearance of Streptognathodus isolatus within the Streptognathus "wabaunsensis" chronocline.
The Gzhelian stage is subdivided into five biozones, based on the conodont genus Streptognathodus:
* Streptognathodus wabaunsensis and Streptognathodus bellus Zone
* Streptognathodus simplex Zone
* Streptognathodus virgilicus Zone
* Streptognathodus vitali Zone
* Streptognathodus simulator Zone

### Early Permian

The base of the Asselian stage is at the same time the base of the Cisuralian series and the Permian system. It is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of the species Streptognathodus isolatus first appear. The global reference profile for the base (the GSSP or golden spike) is located in the valley of the Aidaralash River, near Aqtöbe in the Ural Mountains of Kazakhstan. The top of the Asselian stage (the base of the Sakmarian stage) is at the first appearance of the species Streptognathodus postfusus.
The Asselian contains five conodont biozones:
* zone of Streptognathodus barskovi
* zone of Streptognathodus postfusus
* zone of Streptognathodus fusus
* zone of Streptognathodus constrictus
* zone of Streptognathodus isolatus
The base of the Sakmarian stage is laid with the first appearance of Streptognathodus postfusus in the fossil record. A global reference profile for the base had in 2009 not yet been appointed. The top of the Sakmarian (the base of the Artinskian) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of conodont species Sweetognathus whitei and Mesogondolella bisselli first appear.
# Roy Reid

Roy Reid (21 December 1937 – 10 January 2009) was a Jamaican painter active from 1968 to 2009. He was best known for his paintings depicting the Jamaican people and dress and those with themes of devastation such as fires, which often have moral and spiritual meaning.

## Biography

Born in Portland, Jamaica, Reid was born to farming parents but dropped out of school at the age of 11 because he couldn't read, only learning later at the age of 34 by reading the bible. He later moved to Kingston to pursue a career.
Reid was regarded in his native country as one of the important figures among Jamaican 'intuitive' artists, generally those who are outsiders of the main schools of artistic activity and social circles on the island, especially as he was self-taught. Reid has made many notable exhibitions of his artwork, the Self Taught Artist Exhibition at the Institute of Jamaica in 1971, Eight Jamaican Primitives in Havana, Cuba in 1976; The Intuitive Eye at the National Gallery of Jamaica in 1979, the Jamaican Intuitives in Wolverhampton, England and a Caribbean exhibition at the Un Nouveau Regard sur Les Caribes at Courbevoie, France in 1992. As from the National Gallery, in Jamaica he has given various exhibitions at Makonde Gallery, Pegasus Hotel in 1981, Bolivar Gallery in 1982 and the Mutual Life Gallery in 1987.
Reid also exhibited his artwork at the annual national exhibition of the National Gallery between December 2000 to February 2001, displaying his paintings The Unforgettable Defenceless Street People Removal and Everyone has a Cross to Bear.
Reid was also a credited author of art books and magazines, including Modern Jamaican Art, Art Today and the magazine Revue Noire.
In April 2005, Reid's art studio and several rooms of his house in Grass Quit Glades, Kingston were gutted by fire.

## Death

Reid was found dead in the workshop of his St. Andrew home by his wife Mabel Reid on the morning of 10 January 2009. At the time, Reid was said to be suffering from prostate cancer, an enlarged heart and diabetes.
# Streptoperas

Streptoperas is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Drepaninae.

## Species

* Streptoperas luteata Hampson, 1895
* Streptoperas crenelata Swinhoe, 1902
# Streptomycin 3"-kinase

In enzymology, a streptomycin 3"-kinase (EC 2.7.1.87) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    ATP + streptomycin $\rightleftharpoons$ ADP + streptomycin 3"-phosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and streptomycin, whereas its two products are ADP and streptomycin 3''-phosphate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:streptomycin 3"-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include streptomycin 3"-kinase (phosphorylating), and streptomycin 3"-phosphotransferase.
# Antonio Beretta

Antonio Beretta (17 April 1808, in Milan – 14 November 1891) was the first mayor of Milan under the Kingdom of Italy from 1860 to 1867. He was appointed Senator for life by Victor Emmanuel II in 1862. He was a member of the Società Storica Lombarda. He died in Rome in 1891.
# Roztyly (Prague Metro)

Roztyly (Czech pronunciation:) is a Prague Metro station on Line C, located on the northern edge of Kunratický les in Prague 11. It was opened on 7 November 1980 as part of the extension from Kačerov to Kosmonautů (currently Háje).
The station was formerly known as Primátora Vacka after communist politician Václav Vacek.
Roztyly station is adjacent to a bus station served by intercity and international services.
# Rovello, Bellevue Hill

Rovello is a historic house in the Sydney suburb of Bellevue Hill, New South Wales, Australia. The house was listed on the now defunct Register of the National Estate on 21 October 1980.

## History and description

This two-storey house was designed by Wilson, Neave and Berry. Built in 1936, it is younger than other houses in the area, such as Rona, Ginahgulla, and Caerleon. It was designed around a courtyard modelled on the colonnaded Roman atriums. Features include a two-storey hall and a prominent set of timber stairs.
The Australian Heritage Commission describes Rovello as "Probably Wilson, Neave and Berry's finest extant piece of architecture. It is also an important element in Ginahgulla Road, grouping with No. 14 and with Rona, Ginahgulla and Trahlee to be an outstanding streetscape."
# Machiel van den Heuvel

Machiel van den Heuvel (7 May 1900, Haarlemmermeer – 29 June 1946, near Bandung) was a Dutch army officer. As a prisoner-of-war in Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle, Germany, during World War II, he served as Escape Officer for the Dutch POWs, a role also held by Captain Pat Reid, the author of The Colditz Story, for the British. Van den Heuvel played a key role in most Dutch officer escapes (such as Hans Larive, Francis Steinmetz and Anthony Luteyn) during the war.

## POW

Machiel ("Jim") van den Heuvel, known as "Vandy" by the British POW's, was a captain in the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) who happened to be in the Netherlands at the outbreak of World War II in May 1940. After the Dutch capitulation he refused to give his word of honour not to harm German interests and was sent to a German POW camp. Here van den Heuvel was quickly appointed Escape Officer. Together with Lieutenant Gerrit Dames the two KNIL officers were a main factor for most Dutch escape successes during the war. He discovered the escape route in the park where two men could be hidden in a manhole, Lieutenants Hans Larive, Francis Steinmetz, Lt. Oscar Drijber and Major Cornelis Giebel escaped using this route. Vandy worked together with the other Escape Officers.
In June 1943 all Dutch officers at Colditz were transferred to Stalag 371 in Stanislau to join other Dutch officer POW's. Vandy also claimed many more escapes from this camp. Finally Vandy was transferred to Oflag VII-D at Tittmoning where the Germans thought he could do no more harm because most prisoners were older generals. From Tittmoning Vandy helped Giles Romilly escape. Romilly was a prominent prisoner in Colditz because he was Winston Churchill's nephew.

## After the war

After the war, Machiel van den Heuvel was made a major and sent to Java, Indonesia to fight in the Indonesian war of independence. He was a battalion commander when he was killed in action at Padalarang, Java, on 29 June 1946. He had been awarded the Bronze Cross for his actions.

## On film

In the film The Colditz Story (1955), directed by Guy Hamilton, the role of Vandy was played by actor Theodore Bikel.
# Anthranilic acid hydroxylase

Anthranilic acid hydroxylase may refer to:
* Anthranilate 3-monooxygenase
* Anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (deaminating, decarboxylating)
# Anton Wölfler

Anton Wölfler (12 January 1850 – 31 January 1917) was an Austrian surgeon born in Kopezten, a village near Kladrau, Bohemia.
In 1874 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna, where he was a student of Theodor Billroth (1829–1894). Afterwards, he remained in Vienna for several years as Billroth's assistant. In 1886, he became a professor of surgery at the University of Graz, and from 1895 was a professor at Charles University in Prague.
Wölfler is remembered for his work in gastrointestinal surgery, and for his investigations involving the thyroid gland. On 28 September 1881 he performed the first gastroenterostomy, which occurred on a patient suffering from an inoperable carcinoma of the pylorus. He is also credited with providing the first detailed description of postoperative tetany.

## Associated eponyms

* "Wölfler's gland": An accessory thyroid gland.
* "Wölfler's operation": Operation of gastroenterostomy. described in a paper titled Gastro-Enterostomie in: Centralblatt für Chirurgie, Leipzig, 1881, 8: 705–708.
# António Lobo de Almada Negreiros

António Lobo de Almada Negreiros (13 August 1868 in Alentejo, Aljustrel, Aljustrel – 12 June 1939 in Paris) was an illustrious journalist and colonialist writer, essayist and poet.
He lived in São Tomé Island, in Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, where he was the Administrator of the Council and, already a widower, he established in Paris, where he participated in the organization of the Exposition Universelle (1900), and was Vice Consul of Portugal, etc.
He was a son of Pedro de Almada Pereira and wife Margarida Francisca Camacho de Negreiros or Lobo Bravo de Negreiros.
He married in the São Tomé Island, Água Grande District, City of São Tomé, at the Parrish of Conceição, on 30 April 1892 Elvira Freire Sobral (São Tomé Island, Mé-Zóchi District, Trindade, Roça Saudade, – São Tomé Island, 29 December 1896), oldest child and natural daughter recognized and raised by her father José António Freire Sobral by Leopoldina Amélia de Azevedo, who died in childbirth of and with her daughter. She studied in Coimbra, at the Colégio das Religiosas Ursulinas, where she won the fame of a skilled drawer. Her half-brother Joaquim Freire Sobral was also an artist and a painter. They had, beside a daughter, two sons António (b. 1895) and José Sobral de Almada Negreiros.
# Subtropical front

A subtropical front is a surface water mass boundary or front, which is a narrow zone of transition between air masses of contrasting density, air masses of different temperatures or different water vapour concentrates. It is also characterized by an unforeseen change in wind direction, and speed across its surface between water systems, which are based on temperature and salinity. The subtropical separates the more saline subtropical waters from the fresher sub-Antarctic waters.

## Subtropical frontal zone

A subtropical frontal zone (STFZ) is a large seasonal cycle located on the eastern side of basins. It is made up of fronts of multiple weak sea surface temperature (SST), aligned northwest–southeast, spread over a large latitudinal span. On the far eastern side of basins, the subtropical frontal zone becomes narrower and temperature gradients stronger, but still much weaker than across the dynamical subtropical frontal zone.
A dynamical frontal zone sits at the southern limit of the saline subtropical waters on the western sides of basins. There are no water mass boundaries or fronts in correlation with the sea surface temperature at the subtropical frontal zone at the surface or beneath.
The structure of a subtropical frontal zone results in the formation of a positive wind stress curl, which is the shear stress exerted by wind on the surface of water. The areas of most positive wind stress curl are characterized by very weak sea surface temperature incline, and are likely consistent to regions of mode water.

## Northern subtropical front

The Northern subtropical front is found in the Pacific Ocean between 25° and 30° north latitude.

## North Atlantic subtropical fronts

The North Atlantic subtropical fronts possess the characteristics of seasonal variability. Highest front occurrences are during early spring in the western region. Less front probability occurs in late spring to early summer in the eastern region. The strengths of the fronts differ with seasons, building strength when moving southward during the winter and spring, and weakening when moving northward during the summer.

## North Pacific subtropical fronts

The North Pacific subtropical fronts are occupied by wind driven submesoscale subduction. Due to the constant thermohaline circulation fronts, cold air flows near the surface and bottom of the ocean. There are alternating fluxes throughout the year, that is influenced by jet streams which causes temperatures in these areas to differ.

## Southern subtropical front

The Southern subtropical front is caused by warm, salty subtropical waters and Antarctic waters, found in all three ocean basins. A commonly used criterion found is that the salinity at a depth of 100m drops below 34.9 practical salinity units.

## South Atlantic subtropical frontal zone

A characteristic of the South Atlantic subtropical frontal zone, between 15°W and 5°E, is the conversion from subtropical to sub-polar waters. As a result, this coerces the South Atlantic Current flow and is surrounded by a distinct front.