OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Waterlogging (archaeology)

In archaeology, waterlogging refers to the long-term exclusion of air by groundwater, which creates an anaerobic environment that can preserve artifacts perfectly. Such waterlogging preserves perishable artifacts. Thus, in a site which has been waterlogged since the archaeological horizon was deposited, exceptional insight may be obtained by study of artifacts made of leather, wood, textile or similar materials. 75-90% of the archaeological remains at wetland sites are found to be organic material. Tree rings found from logs that have been preserved allow archaeologists to accurately date sites. Wetland sites include all those found in lakes, swamps, marshes, fens, and peat bogs.
Peat bogs, nearly all of which occur in northern latitudes, are some of the most important environments for wetland archaeology. Peat bogs have likewise preserved many wooden trackways, including the world's oldest road, which is a 6,000-year-old one-mile stretch of track.
Bog bodies are the best-known finds from the peat bogs of northwest Europe, with most of them dating from the Iron Age. Most corpses that were found were individuals that met a violent death and were probably either executed as criminals or killed as a sacrifice before thrown into the bog. For example, the Old Croghan Man was stabbed, decapitated, mutilated, and tied down to the bottom of a bog pool. His body is an amazing display of how splendidly waterlogging can preserve a body, as his hands, skin, fingernails, and stomach were amazingly intact. Another example of a waterlogging artifact or mummy was Ötzi, found by two tourists near the border of Austria and Italy. Ötzi is now displayed in Bolzano, Italy, in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology.
Occasionally, waterlogged conditions can occur inside burial mounds. The oak-coffin burials of Bronze Age northern Europe, and most notably those of Denmark, date to about 1000 BC. These coffins had an inner core of stones packed round the tree-trunk coffin, with a round barrow built above. Water then infiltrated the inside of the mound and by combining with tannin exuding from the tree trunks, set up acidic conditions which destroyed the skeleton but preserved the skin, hair, ligaments, and clothing of the individuals.
Perhaps the most interesting wetland archaeological find was the Ozette site. In 1750, a huge mudslide buried a whale-hunting settlement on the coast of Washington, which protected the organic artifacts from the oxygen that would lead to their deterioration. Over 50,000 artifacts were found in a fine state of preservation, with almost half of them being wood or plant material. The most fascinating thing they found was a meter-high block of cedar that was carved in the shape of a whale's dorsal fin.
The major archaeological problem with waterlogged finds, particularly wood, is that they deteriorate rapidly when they are uncovered, beginning to dry and crack almost at once. They therefore need to be kept wet until treated in a laboratory. Conservation measures explain why wet archaeology costs around four times as much as dry archaeology.
# Bruce F. Pennington

Bruce Franklin Pennington (born July 18, 1946) is an American psychologist and Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychology at the University of Denver. He is recognized for his research on developmental disorders such as autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and developmental dyslexia.
# F103

F103 may refer to :
* Audi F103, a 1965 internal designation for a series of car models
* Blas de Lezo (F103), a 2004 Spanish Navy Álvaro de Bazán class frigate
* Tamiya F103, a 1/10 scale radio controlled Formula One chassis by Tamiya Corporation
* General Electric F103, a jet engine
* HMS Lowestoft (F103), a British Royal Navy Rothsay class anti-submarine frigate
* Republic XF-103 Thunderwarrior, a cancelled fighter aircraft development project
# Mount Maru

Mount Maru may refer to:
* Mount Maru (Esan), a volcano on the Kameda Peninsula of Hokkaidō
* Mount Maru (Hiroo), a mountain in the Hidaka Mountains of Hokkaidō
* Mount Maru (Kamishihoro-Shintoku), a volcano in the Nipesotsu-Maruyama Volcanic Group of Hokkaidō
# Touch by Touch (Joy song)

"Touch by Touch" is a song by Austrian Euro disco band Joy, released in 1985 as the second single from their debut album, Hello. The song was a huge success in their homeland, where it reached number one. In Germany, the song reached the top 20, peaking at No. 18 in 1986. It also became a hit in East Asia and the Philippines, and remains the band's signature song.

## Charts

| Chart (1985–1986) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 1 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 18 |
# Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri

Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri is a species of Weberbauerocereus from Peru.

## Description

Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri grows as a shrub with numerous, upright or ascending, gray-green shoots with a diameter of 6 to 10 cm (2.4 to 3.9 in) that branch from the base and reach heights of up to 4 meters. There are around 15 to 22 slightly humpbacked ribs. The areoles on it are close together, reach a diameter of up to 8 mm (0.31 in) and are covered with long, grayish yellow wool. The six to eight strong central spines are brownish and up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long. The approximately 20 thin, yellowish-brown radial spines are 1 to 1.5 cm (0.39 to 0.59 in) long.
The tubular to somewhat funnel-shaped, slightly zygomorphic flowers appear near the tips of the shoots, open at night and remain open until the next morning. They are 5.2 to 10.3 cm (2.0 to 4.1 in) long. Its greenish-brown flower tube is slightly curved and covered with short brown hairs. The flower bracts are white to reddish brown to pinkish red. The fruits are green, yellow, yellowish orange to orange-red and reach a diameter of up to 4 cm (1.6 in).

## Distribution

Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri is widespread in the Arequipa department of Peru at altitudes of 2000 to 3000 meters.

## Taxonomy

The first description as Cereus weberbaueri was made in 1913 by Friedrich Karl Johann Vaupel. The specific epithet weberbaueri honors the Prussian biologist August Weberbauer. Curt Backeberg placed the species in the genus Weberbauerocereus in 1957. Further nomenclature synonyms are Haageocereus weberbaueri (K.Schum. ex Vaupel) D.R.Hunt (1987) and Echinopsis weberbaueri (K.Schum. ex Vaupel) Anceschi & Magli (2013).
# Nicholas Douglas

Nicholas Douglas may refer to:
* Nick Douglas, American musician
* Nicholas Douglas (student athlete), see 2012 CARIFTA Games
* Nicholas Douglas, of the Douglases of Mains, Scotland
# Paul Carr (Gaelic footballer)

Paul Carr (born 1961/2) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for St Eunan's and the Donegal county team.

## Biography

Carr attended St Eunan's College in Letterkenny, and played for the school team.
Carr became the youngest player to play at senior level for Donegal when he played at the age of 16 in 1978. He was a member of the Donegal under-21 team that won the 1982 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship.
He is an All-Ireland winner with Donegal, one of three representatives from his club on the county panel that won the 1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final. He started the opening round Ulster Senior Football Championship match against Cavan at Breffni Park on 24 May, but was replaced in the first half by Donal Reid, who had been inexplicably dropped.
Carr spent time in Sligo and managed a Drumcliff-based association football team while there. He later returned to Letterkenny. He remained involved with his club after retiring from playing, and was subsequently appointed as its treasurer and coached its under-age teams.
# Typocerus balteatus

Typocerus balteatus is a species of flower longhorn in the beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in North America.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species Typocerus balteatus:
* Typocerus balteatus balteatus Lewis, 2001
* Typocerus balteatus diana Lewis, 2001
# Washington Public Ports Association

In 1961, the Washington State Legislature authorized port commissioners to designate The Washington Public Ports Association (WPPA) as a port coordinating agency. WPPA's many purposes are outlined in RCW Chapter 53.06.030 :
* to initiate and carry on the necessary studies, investigations and surveys required for the proper development and improvement of the commerce and business generally common to all port districts both within and without the state of Washington, and other operators of terminal and transportation facilities for this purpose, and to make such expenditures as are necessary for these purposes, including the proper promotion and advertising of all such properties, utilities and facilities;
* to establish coordinating and joint marketing bodies of association members, including but not limited to establishment of a federation of Washington ports as described in RCW 53.06.070 , as may be necessary to provide effective and efficient marketing of the state's trade, tourism and travel resources;
* to exchange information relative to port construction, maintenance, operation, administration and management;
* to promote and encourage port development along sound economic lines;
* to promote and encourage the development of transportation commerce and industry;
* to operate as a clearinghouse for information, public relations and liaison for the port districts of the state and to serve as a channel for cooperation among the various port districts and for the assembly and presentation of information relating to the needs and requirements of port districts to the public.

## Organization and Structure

The Association is governed by a Board of Trustees, consisting of one representative from each member port. This Board meetings twice annually, and Trustees serve until replaced by a majority vote of their respective port commission.
A six-member Executive Committee, consisting of a president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer and the two most recent past presidents, oversees Association administration and management.
The Board of Trustees elects Executive Committee members and appoints an Executive Director to manage Association activities.
The WPPA maintains standing committees whose leaders are appointed by the WPPA president and through which members can bring issues of concern to the Association. Standing committees include: Aviation, Budget, Environmental Policy, Environmental Technical, Finance and Administration, Legal, Legislative, Long-Range Planning, Marina, Nominating, Public Relations, Trade and Economic Development and Transportation and Infrastructure.
# 11:59

11:59 may refer to:
* 11:59 (album), by Ryan Star
* "11:59" (Star Trek: Voyager), a 1999 episode of the television series Star Trek: Voyager
* "11:59", a song by Blondie from Parallel Lines
* "Eleven-Fifty-Nine", a 2016 episode of the television series Arrow
# Mount Maru (Esan)

Mount Maru (丸山, Maru-yama) is an active stratovolcano of the Kameda peninsula. It is located in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, Japan. Mount Maru is also known as Esan Maruyama (恵山丸山) to distinguish it from other Mount Maru's and because of its close association with nearby Mount E.

## Geology

Mount Maru consists of non-alkali, mafic, volcanic rock. The andesitic volcano is topped with a lava dome.

## Eruptive history

Mount Maru was last active some 200,000 years ago.
# Cowboy Holiday

Cowboy Holiday is a 1934 American Western film directed by Robert F. Hill, produced by Max Alexander and Arthur Alexander for Beacon Productions and starring Guinn "Big Boy" Williams and Richard Alexander. It was remade as Law and Lead (1936).

## Plot

Buck Sawyer's friend, Sheriff Simpson, will lose his job if he doesn't catch the notorious bandit known as The Juarez Kid. Buck sets out to help Simpson catch the outlaw and keep his job.

## Cast

* Guinn "Big Boy" Williams as Buck Sawyer
* Janet Chandler as Ruth Hopkins
* Julian Rivero as Pablo 'Juarez Kid' Escovar
* Richard Alexander as Deputy Swanson, alias Walt Gregor
* John Elliott as Sheriff Hank Simpson
* Julia Bejarano as Mona Escovar
* Alma Chester as Ma Simpson

## Soundtrack

* Guinn "Big Boy" Williams - "Bury Me Not on the Lone Prairie"
# Waynewood

38°43′34″N 77°2′56″W﻿ / ﻿38.72611°N 77.04889°W﻿ / 38.72611; -77.04889 Waynewood is a populated place in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. It is located on the Potomac River and the George Washington Memorial Parkway.

## History

The Waynewood neighborhood was once part of the Mount Vernon plantation. Waynewood is situated on what was River Farm, one of five farms comprising the Mount Vernon plantation.
In 1754, when George Washington became the sole owner of Mount Vernon, he began acquiring additional tracts until the plantation grew in size from the original 2,126 acres to more than 8,000 acres. The five farms, all highly developed and well-cultivated, were known as Mansion House Farm, Union Farm, Muddy Hole Farm, Dogue Run Farm, and River Farm. River Farm consisted of 1,806 acres and was purchased in 1769.
Using present day landmarks, the original farm was roughly bounded on the north by present-day Wellington, to the east by the Potomac River, and running diagonally south and west to Little Hunting Creek.
George Washington granted a life interest in the northern section of River Farm, marked on his map as "Wellington Farm", to Tobias Lear, who was his private secretary and tutor to the Washington grandchildren. Lear married Mrs. Martha Washington's niece, Fannie Bassett, and was considered a relative.
After Lear's death in 1816, ownership of the farm reverted to two of Washington's great-nephews, who, in 1859, sold 652 acres of the northern boundary of River Farm to Stacy H. Snowden, a Quaker from New Jersey. The Stacy Snowden property, known as "Collingwood," extended south from Wellington and included a large tract stretching west from the Potomac River to Fort Hunt Road. Joining the Charles Wilkins' farm to the south ("Grassymeade"), this is approximately the site of the present Waynewood subdivision.
An electric car line, established in 1892, ran from Washington, D.C. to Mount Vernon until the George Washington Memorial Parkway opened in 1932. In 1906, the railway hauled 1,732,734 passengers; and averaged about 26 passenger trains and four freight trains daily between Washington and Mount Vernon.
In addition to the Waynewood subdivision, two stately and historic old mansions, now restored and modernized, stand on the original River Farm property. The Tobias Lear home, "Wellington," at 7931 East Boulevard Drive, was built in 1740, and is now the headquarters for the American Horticultural Society.
The earliest part of Collingwood, located at 8301 East Boulevard Drive, was built in 1785. It was previously headquarters for National Sojourners, Inc., an organization of active and retired military officers who are Master Masons. It also housed the Collingwood Library and Museum on Americanism. Today it is owned by Tyler Murrell, one of the owners of Five Guys, and facing demolition.
The Waynewood neighborhood subdivision was developed by Clarence W. Gosnell, Inc., and consists of approximately 301 acres, which had been acquired from five separate owners. The community was formally opened in 1957 and in 2007, celebrated its 50th anniversary.
# Victor Kofi Aidoo

Victor Kofi Aidoo is a Ghanaian politician and was a member of the first parliament of the second Republic of Ghana. He represented Twifo-Heman-Denkyira constituency under the membership of the progress party (PP)

## Early life and education

Victor was born on 14 March 1930 in Dunkwa, Central Region, Ghana. He attended Achimota School, University of Science and Technology where he obtained his Bachelor of Science in pharmaceutical chemistry. He was the president of the Pharmaceutical Society of Ghana and later worked as a pharmacist before entering Parliament.

## Politics

He began his political career in 1969 when he became the parliamentary candidate for the Progress Party (PP) to represent his constituency in the Central Region of Ghana prior to the commencement of the 1969 Ghanaian parliamentary election.
He was sworn into the First Parliament of the Second Republic of Ghana on 1 October 1969, after being pronounced winner at the 1969 Ghanaian election held on 26 August 1969. and his tenure ended on 13 January 1972.

## Personal life

He is a Catholic. He is married with two daughters and one son.
# Stratiomyini

Stratiomyini is a tribe of flies in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Genera

* Afrodontomyia James, 1940
* Alliocera Saunders, 1845
* Anopisthocrania Lindner, 1935
* Anoplodonta James, 1936
* Catatasis Kertész, 1912
* Chloromelas Enderlein, 1914
* Crocutasis Lindner, 1935
* Dischizocera James, 1957
* Gongroneurina Enderlein, 1933
* Hedriodiscus Enderlein, 1914
* Hoplitimyia James, 1934
* Metabasis Walker, 1851
* Nyassamyia Lindner, 1980
* Odontomyia Meigen, 1803
* Oplodontha Rondani, 1863
* Pinaleus Bezzi, 1928
* Promeranisa Walker, 1854
* Psellidotus Rondani, 1864
* Rhingiopsis Röder, 1886
* Scapanocnema Enderlein, 1914
* Stratiomyella James, 1953
* Stratiomys Geoffroy, 1762
* Systegnum Enderlein, 1917
* Zuerchermyia Woodley, 2001
* Zulumyia Lindner, 1952
# Clive Cohen

* Christianity portal
* Cornwall portal
The Ven. Clive Ronald Franklin Cohen (30 January 1946 – 8 April 2019) was an Anglican priest and author.
Cohen was employed by the Midland Bank from 1967 to 1969. He trained at Salisbury and Wells Theological College and was ordained deacon in 1981, and priest in 1982. After a curacy in Esher, Surrey, he was Rector of Winterslow, Wiltshire, from 1985 to 2000. He was Archdeacon of Bodmin from 2000 to 2011. He was also a member of the Truro Diocesan Board of Finance.
# Statue of Edmund Kirby Smith

Edmund Kirby Smith is a bronze sculpture commemorating the Confederate officer of the same name by C. Adrian Pillars that was installed in the United States Capitol Visitor Center as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection from 1922 to 2021. The statue was gifted by the state of Florida in 1922.
Smith, who died in 1893, was the last surviving General of the Confederate States Army, as well as the last surviving full General from either side of the American Civil War. After he died, his family changed their name to Kirby-Smith to help “distinguish him from the other Civil War 'General Smiths,'" of which there were approximately 35.
At the statue's unveiling in Congress, Representative William J. Sears quoted a resolution from the Confederate States Congress that praised Kirby Smith's “justice, his firmness and moderation, his integrity and conscientious regard for law, his unaffected kindness to the people, the protection of their rights and the redress of their wrongs, and has thus won the confidence of [the Confederate] Congress.”
On March 19, 2018, Governor Rick Scott signed legislation replacing the statue with one of African-American educator and civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune. On September 4, 2021, the statue was removed from the U.S. Capitol. The replacement statue of Bethune was unveiled at the U.S. Capitol on July 13, 2022.
The fate of the statue of Smith, once removed, has been much discussed, and as of August 2020 remains unresolved. His birthplace, St. Augustine, does not want it. The statue was to have been moved to the Lake County Historical Museum, in Tavares, Florida, but there has been significant local opposition. Smith never lived in Lake County; at the time Smith was born Lake County was part of St. Johns County, whose county seat is St. Augustine. On July 7, 2020, Lake County commissioners voted 4–1 against accepting the monument. In September 2021, the Tampa Bay Times reported plans of having the statue temporarily stored at the Museum of Florida History out of public display until a permanent home is found.
# 1516 in art

Events from the year 1516 in art.

## Events

* Leonardo da Vinci moves to France and enters the service of King Francis I of France, being given the use of the manor house Clos Lucé connected via tunnel to the king's residence at the Château d'Amboise. He probably brings the Mona Lisa with him.

## Works

* Fra Bartolomeo
** Pietà
** Scene with Christ in the Temple
* Hieronymus Bosch – Christ Carrying the Cross
* Cima da Conegliano
** St Lanfranc enthroned between St John the Baptist and St Liberius
** St Peter Enthroned with St John the Baptist and St Paul (Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan)
* Innocenzo di Pietro Francucci da Imola – The Virgin and Child with Saints John, Apollinaris and Catherine and a Bishop
* Leonardo da Vinci – St. John the Baptist
* Matthias Grünewald – Isenheim Altarpiece (completed, with sculptures by Nikolaus Hagenauer)
* Lorenzo Lotto – Martinengo Altarpiece (Church of Santi Bartolomeo e Stefano, Bergamo)
* Michelangelo – Dying Slave (marble)
* Pontormo
** Madonna with Child and Saints (approximate date)
** Visitation of the Virgin and St Elizabeth (fresco in Santissima Annunziata, Florence, completed)
* Raphael
** Cartoons of scenes from the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles for tapestries for the Sistine Chapel (Victoria and Albert Museum, London)
** Portrait of Cardinal Bibbiena
** Portrait of Andrea Navagero and Agostino Beazzano
* Titian – The Tribute Money

## Births

* February 16 - Prospero Spani, Italian sculptor (died 1584)
* date unknown
** Antonio Bernieri, Italian painter (died 1565)
** Cristóvão Lopes, Portuguese portrait and altarpiece painter (died 1594)
** Domenico Riccio, Italian painter in a Mannerist style from Verona (died 1567)

## Deaths

* June 1 - Biagio d'Antonio, Italian painter (born 1446)
* August 9 (bur.) – Hieronymus Bosch, Early Netherlandish painter of the 15th and 16th centuries (born c.1450)
* c. November 26? - Giovanni Bellini, Venetian Renaissance painter (born c.1430)
* date unknown
** Giuliano da Sangallo, Florentine sculptor and architect (born c.1443)
** Jacopo de' Barbari, Italian painter and printmaker (born 1440)
** Antonio del Massaro, Italian Quattrocento painters (born c. 1450)
** Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio, Italian painter of the High Renaissance who worked in the studio of Leonardo da Vinci (born 1466/1467)
** Antonio Lombardo, Italian sculptor (born 1458)
# Toine Manders (born 1969)

Twanij Theodorus Antonius Johannes "Toine" Manders (born 17 August 1969) is a Dutch jurist and politician who led the Libertarian Party (LP), a minor political party, from 1994 to 2014.
A native of in Deurne, North Brabant, he was director of the Haags Juristen College (HJC), translated as "Hague Lawyers Board", which was founded in 1984 and until 1996 helped some 6,000 tax payers to avoid taxes.
On 1 July 2010, the District Court in The Hague, declared the bankruptcy of the HJC as a result of a claim by the tax authorities. After the bankruptcy declaration the trustee who was entrusted with the settlement of the bankruptcy did a legal complaint against Toine Manders for embezzlement and bankruptcy fraud.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Toine Manders :
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Result | Result | Ref. |
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Party seats | Individual | Ref. |
| 1994 | House of Representatives | | Libertarian Party | 1 | 1,789 | 0 | Lost | |
| 2012 | House of Representatives | | Libertarian Party | 1 | 2,716 | 0 | Lost | |
| 2017 | House of Representatives | | Libertarian Party | 18 | 96 | 0 | Lost | |
| 2023 | House of Representatives | | Belang van Nederland | 44 | 218 | 0 | Lost | |
| 2024 | European Parliament | | Belang van Nederland | 10 | 269 | 0 | Lost | |