OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Systems pharmacology

Systems pharmacology is the application of systems biology principles to the field of pharmacology. It seeks to understand how drugs affect the human body as a single complex biological system. Instead of considering the effect of a drug to be the result of one specific drug-protein interaction, systems pharmacology considers the effect of a drug to be the outcome of the network of interactions a drug may have. In 1992, an article on systems medicine and pharmacology was published in China. Networks of interaction may include chemical-protein, protein–protein, genetic, signalling and physiological (at cellular, tissue, organ and whole body levels). Systems pharmacology uses bioinformatics and statistics techniques to integrate and interpret these networks.
Systems pharmacology can be applied to drug safety studies as a complement to pharmacoepidemiology.
# Marilyn Lysohir

Marilyn Lysohir (born 1950) is an American ceramist.
Lysohir is a native of Sharon, Pennsylvania. Her mother served in the United States Marine Corps and her father in the U.S. Army during World War 2. Beginning in high school, she worked for a chocolate factory, eventually creating sculptures out of chocolate. In 1972 she earned her bachelor's degree from Ohio Northern University, following with a Master of Fine Arts degree from Washington State University in 1979. She lives in Moscow, Idaho, where she was founder and owner of the company Cowgirl Chocolates; she also spent time as an adjunct instructor at the Washington State University and The University of Idaho, and has been an artist-in-residence or visiting artist at the Kohler Foundation, the Kansas City Art Institute, and The New York State College at Alfred, and Ohio State University. Much of her work takes as its subject elements of her own family history. Lysohir, who is married to Ross Coates, is of Ukrainian descent. She and her husband are the founding editors of annual arts journal High Ground. She is best known for her large-scale ceramics; examples include The Dark Side of Dazzle, a two-ton installation of a battleship and bathroom, and Good Girls, 164 portrait busts of all the girls she graduated with in 1968 from Sharon High School in Sharon, Pennsylvania.
# Samla

Samla is a village and former Rajput princely state on Saurashtra peninsula, in Gujarat state, western India.

## History

Samla was one of the many petty princely states of Jhalawar prant, which during the British raj was handled by the colonial Eastern Kathiawar Agency.
It comprised one other village and was ruled by a Jhala Rajput Chieftain. It had a population in 1901 of 961, yielding a state revenue of 8,000 Rupees (1903-4, solely from land), paying a tribute of 1,063 Rupees, to the British and Junagadh State.
# Samla Mammas Manna

Samla Mammas Manna was a Swedish progressive rock band often characterized by virtuosic musicianship, circus references and silly humour, similar in many ways to the song-writing style of Frank Zappa. They were one of the founding members of the Rock in Opposition (RIO) movement in the late 1970s. In 1979 they were Fred Frith's backing band on his solo album, Gravity (1980). Musically, they bore a resemblance to the Canterbury scene.
The original line-up was Lars Hollmer (keyboards), Hasse Bruniusson (drums), Lars Krantz (bass) and Henrik Öberg (percussion). For Måltid, jazz fusion guitarist Coste Apetrea joined the group.
They were on the fringe of the Swedish political "progg" movement, although their lyrics were humorous and not explicitly political. The title of the album Klossa Knapitatet is a play on the Swedish phrase krossa kapitalet, a common slogan in the 1970s that means "crush the capital", and also the title of a seminal progg song by Blå Tåget, called "Staten och Kapitalet (Den ena handen vet vad den andra gör)". Some more serious elements of the progg movement were not amused by this frivolous attitude.
They spent a significant part of the 70s touring in Sweden, but also in other European countries.
The band underwent line-up and name changes over the years (they released albums as Zamla Mammaz Manna and von Zamla), reinventing their sound each time. In 1999, the band reformed under their original name for a one-off release entitled Kaka. In 2002 they reunited again, this time with Japanese musician Tatsuya Yoshida on drums, for some performances and their final album Dear Mamma. The band played their first concerts in the US in August 2003, in Chicago at Schuba's, and at the annual Progday festival in North Carolina.
In 2005 the band opened the international progressive rock festival that took place in Moscow, Russia, InProg 2005.
Hollmer died in December 2008.

## Musical style

The musical style of Samla Mammas Manna has been described as a fusion of progressive rock and various national folk styles.
This being the result of complex rhythms using instruments not commonly used in the rock genre including the marimba, bouzouki, veena, and accordion.
Having no direct political stand, being neither "a traditional Swedish folk group" nor, "a leftist folk-rock band" as stated by Andrew Jones in his book Plunderphonics, Pataphysics & Pop Mechanics: An Introduction to Musique Actuelle, they freely weaved in and out of the styles of both groups creating their own unique sound.

## Discography

as Samla Mammas Manna
* Samla Mammas Manna (1971)
* Måltid (1973)
* Klossa Knapitatet (1974)
* Snorungarnas symfoni (1976)
* Kaka (1999)
* Dear Mamma (2002)
as Zamla Mammaz Manna
* För äldre nybegynnare (1977)
* Schlagerns mystik (1978)
* Familjesprickor (1980)
as von Zamla
* Zamlaranamma (1982)
* No Make Up! (1984)
* ... 1983 (live) (1999)
# East Gosforth

East Gosforth also known as Gosforth East is a former electoral ward in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK. It was created in 2004. The population of the ward is 8,981, increasing to 10,145 at the 2011 Census, 3.5% of the total population of Newcastle upon Tyne. Car ownership in the area is 68.8%, higher than the city average of 54.7%. It was formerly one half of Gosforth's wards, along with the West Gosforth ward.

## Education

There are four schools within the East Gosforth ward:
* Archbishop First School
* South Gosforth First School
* Newcastle School for Boys, formally known as Newlands Preparatory School

## Recreation and leisure

The ward has two parks, Quarry Park and the 2004 Green Flag Award winner, Gosforth Central Park. The ward has many large green areas including parts of Jesmond Dene.
The Brandling Arms pub on the High Street has its own local edition of My Monopoly, using Gosforth locations. Other pubs on Gosforth High Street within the ward are the Queen Victoria (known for a short time as Northern Lights), the Blacksmith's Arms, Barca (formally Earl Grey) and the Job Bulman, a branch of Wetherspoons located in the former 1920s post office building on St Nicholas Avenue, and named after the founder of Bulman Village. The County Hotel, towards the southern end of the centre of Gosforth, is the southernmost High Street pub.

## Ward boundary

The boundary of the East Gosforth ward starts at the Blue House roundabout. It continues by heading east along Jesmond Dene Road to the Ouseburn and then north along the Ouseburn to Haddricksmill Bridge. The boundary continues north to the rear of the properties on Ridgewood Crescent and across the Metro line to continue north along the course of the Ouseburn. At the footbridge across the Ouseburn, it heads west around the perimeter of Gosforth Golf Course and continues west along Links Green Walk. It then leads west to the Asda Superstore on the Great North Road. The ward boundary continues south on Great North Road/Gosforth High Street along to the Blue House roundabout, where it ends.

## Political

East Gosforth was formerly represented by 3 Liberal Democrat councillors, Cllr Henry Gallagher, Cllr David Slesenger and Cllr Dominic Raymont . It was also part of Newcastle North Constituency and represented by Labour MP, Catherine Mckinnell.

## Charts and tables

| Age group | Number |
| Under 16 | 1,549 |
| 16–24 | 1,112 |
| 25–44 | 2,865 |
| 45–64 | 1,930 |
| 65–74 | 646 |
| 75+ | 882 |
| Ethnicity | Number | % |
| White | 8,398 | 93.2 |
| Afro-Caribbean | 58 | 0.6 |
| South Asian | 282 | 3.1 |
| Chinese | 55 | 0.6 |
| Other | 212 | 2.4 |
The ward has 4,118 housing spaces of which 4.1% are vacant this is lower than the city average of 5.3%. Owner occupied property stands at 73.9% much higher than the city average of 53.3%. The properties are as follows.
| Property type | Number | % |
| Detached | 170 | 4.1 |
| Semi-detached | 1,404 | 34.1 |
| Terraced | 1,304 | 31.6 |
| Flats | 1,244 | 30.2 |
| Other | 0 | 0 |
# T. J. Clark

T. J. Clark may refer to:
* T. J. Clark (art historian) (born 1943), British art historian
* T. J. Clark (racing driver) (born 1962), American NASCAR driver
* Terrance John Clark (1944–1983), head of the Mr. Asia drug syndicate
* Timothy J. Clark (artist) (born 1951), American painter
* Thomas J. Clark (1869–1907), American inventor
# NGC 2188

NGC 2188 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Columba. It is located at a distance of circa 25 million light years from Earth, which means that the galaxy, given its apparent dimensions is about 50.000 light years long. It was discovered by John Herschel on January 9, 1836.
NGC 2188 is a spiral galaxy seen edge-on from the viewpoint of Earth as the centre and spiral arms of the galaxy are tilted away from us, with only the very narrow outer edge of the galaxy's disc visible to us. The true shape of the galaxy was identified by studying the distribution of the stars in the inner central bulge and outer disc and by observing the stars' colours. The galaxy is close enough that its stars can be resolved. The brightest of them have an apparent magnitude of about 21.
When imaged in HI, the galaxy appears asymmetrical, maybe due to a recent interaction. The hydrogen gas is more abundant in one end of the galaxy and extends over 4 kpc away from the galactic plane. Other features visible are some filaments and a superbubble with a diameter of 15 arcseconds. The filaments have been associated with a HII region located in the galactic halo. The total hydrogen mass of the galaxy is estimated to be 3×10$^8$ M$_☉$, while it is of low metallicity.
NGC 2188 has been found to have three smaller companions, HIPASS J0607-34, ESO364-029, and KK 55.
# Maré, Rio de Janeiro

Maré is a neighborhood and favela (low-income informal neighborhood) in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is a grouping of several favelas, suburbs with houses, and housing complexes. With approximately 130,000 residents (2006 estimate), it is one of the largest slum complexes in Rio de Janeiro, a consequence of the low indicators of social development that characterize the region.
In 2014 it was featured in a BBC Documentary series Welcome to Rio which highlighted issues with gangs and its pacification.

## Pacification efforts

On March 30, 2014, ahead of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Maré was occupied by various Brazilian security forces in an attempt to pacify the region. The raid began before dawn and involved over 1,000 police and other forces, including the Special Police Operations Battalion (BOPE), Shock Police Battalion, several other police units, and the Brazilian Marine Corps.
# Mag Blast

Mag Blast is a spaceship-themed strategy card game, produced by gaming company Fantasy Flight Games. The first edition was set in the universe of "Twilight Imperium", a board game made by the same company. The game is playable for 2-8 players, and is described as "a game of screaming space battles". The first edition was printed in 1998. A second edition was produced as well continuing the use of Twilight Imperium artwork. A Third Edition printed in 2006 moved away from the use of Twilight Imperium as the theme and instead uses artwork from comic artist John Kovalic. This change in artwork was highly criticised by old fans of the game.

## Gameplay

The goal of the game is to destroy opponents' flagships after destroying their protective layer of attack ships. Once the flagship is destroyed the player is eliminated from the game. The last player left with their flagship intact is declared the winner.
Each player receives a flagship card which is placed at the center of that player's battle formation. The flagship is surrounded on four sides by various other kinds of ships which are able to mount attacks on other players' fleets. This is done by firing 3 different kinds of lasers at opposing ships in the corresponding sector; for example, if Player A has a ship in the left-quadrant of his battle formation, he may fire upon any enemy ship which is also in the left-quadrant of their battle formation. Laser shots are made using Attack Cards. Each player draws up to five attack cards per turn.
Game rules also require that players must make an appropriate sound effect when playing an attack card (referred to in-game as "Make a Silly Noise or Miss" Blast Targeting System technology).

## Reviews

* Backstab #19
# Tony Rice (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Tony Rice is an album by American guitarist Tony Rice, released in 1977.

## Track listing

* "Banks Of The Ohio" (Traditional) – 4:10
* "Rattlesnake" (David Grisman) – 4:26
* "Mr. Engineer" (Jimmy Martin, Paul Williams) – 3:03
* "Plastic Banana" (David Nichtern) – 2:52
* "Don't Give Your Heart To A Rambler" (Jimmie Skinner) – 3:47
* "Farewell Blues" (Paul Mares, Leon Roppollo, Elmer Schoebel) – 3:10
* "Way Downtown" (Traditional) – 3:29
* "Stoney Creek" (Jesse McReynolds) – 2:33
* "Hills Of Roane County" (Traditional) – 6:04
* "Eighth of January" (Jimmie Driftwood) – 2:35
* "Big Mon" (Bill Monroe) – 2:52
* "Temperance Reel" (Traditional) – 2:36

## Personnel

* Tony Rice – guitar, vocals
* Darol Anger – violin
* Richard Greene – violin
* J. D. Crowe – banjo, vocals
* David Grisman – mandolin
* Larry Rice – mandolin
* Jerry Douglas – dobro
* Todd Phillips – bass
Production notes
* Tony Rice – producer, mixing
* Bob Shumaker – engineer, mixing
* Susan Marsh – design
# Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences

The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences is one of the eight schools that comprise Tufts University. The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS) is located on the university's health sciences campus in the Chinatown district of Boston, Massachusetts. The school was previously named the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences but on December 5, 2019, the university announced it was removing the Sackler name from the school, because of the Sacklers' role in the opioid epidemic through their ownership of Purdue Pharma.

## Organization and Degree Programs

The Basic Science Division of the school offers PhD degrees in eight disciplines: Biochemistry; Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology; Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Genetics; Immunology; Molecular Microbiology, Neuroscience; and Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. The Clinical Research Division offers MS and PhD programs in Clinical Research. These programs also are available to students in the MD/PhD and DVM/PhD programs.
The Clinical and Translational Research program offers MS and PhD degrees. There is also a program offering a one-year certificate in clinical and translational research.
The Pharmacology and Drug Development program offers MS degrees.
Research institutes at the school include the Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging.

## Facilities

The Tufts University School of Medicine (TUSM) and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS) are located in five adjoining research buildings along Boston's Harrison Avenue and a teaching and administrative building, the Tufts Center for Medical Education (formerly the Arthur M. Sackler Center for Medical Education). The newest addition is the $65 million, nine-story, Jaharis Family Center for Biomedical and Nutrition Sciences. The Jaharis Family Center provides research laboratories and offices for many GSBS faculty members and their students, postdoctoral fellows and technical staff. The building also includes offices and laboratory facilities for the Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy and the Department of Family and Community Medicine in TUSM. TUSM and the GSBS are adjacent to the Tufts Medical Center, the School of Dental Medicine, and Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and across the street from the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging.

## History

The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences was established in 1980 as part of then-Tufts University President Jean Mayer's vision of a "one medicine" approach to the health sciences. The school grew out of gifts from Dr. Arthur M. Sackler, Dr. Mortimer D. Sackler, and Dr. Raymond R. Sackler. Mayer intended the new school to coordinate basic science research and training initiatives in the Schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
# Salty Dog Rag

The Salty Dog Rag is an American schottische dance described by the lyrics of the 1952 hit tune Salty Dog Rag by Red Foley. It is usually a traveling dance, often performed synchronously by multiple couples, who circumnavigate the room in a counter-clockwise direction. It can also be done in-place by a single couple. The dance is performed at some folk dance events, and it is a traditional ice-breaker at Dartmouth College.

## Origins

The song recorded by Foley was composed in 1951 by John Gordy and Edward Crowe. Shortly after the 1952 release, a matching choreography was arranged and attributed to Nita and Manning Smith of College Station, Texas, who subsequently credited Leland and Frankie Lee Lawson as originating the dance.

## Choreography

The adjacent figure depicts the whole dance sequence, except for the details of the a, b, and c parts, each of which represents only 8 beats of music. So in terms of actual footwork, there are only three 8-count sequences to learn. But these preferences may vary from one locale, time period, and even individual, to another. Detailed descriptions of the original notation and variations are available at several websites.
# Stylidium soboliferum

Stylidium soboliferum, commonly known as Grampians triggerplant or bristly triggerplant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Stylidiaceae. It is endemic to the Grampians region in Victoria, Australia. The leaves are about 1–2 centimetres (0.39–0.79 in) long and are arranged in a small rosette. The flowers, which appear on 5–15 centimetres (2.0–5.9 in) long stems, have white to pale pink petals with a darker colour on the reverse side. Plants occur along drainage lines and in moist areas amongst rocks.
Stylidium soboliferum is listed as "Rare in Victoria" on the Department of Sustainability and Environment's Advisory List of Rare Or Threatened Plants In Victoria.
# Suicide of Kelly Yeomans

The suicide of Kelly Louise Yeomans (13 December 1983 – 28 September 1997), a 13-year-old English schoolgirl from Allenton, a suburb of Derby, became widespread news when the cause was blamed on bullying, to which she had been subjected by other local children.

## Incident

In evidence to the court, Yeomans was described as a pleasant and friendly girl. However, she was reported to be the victim of repeated harassment and taunting, particularly about her weight. Her parents said that the incessant bullying had left Yeomans feeling miserable. Her mother asserted that she had gone to her daughter's school, Merrill Academy, thirty times to complain about the issue, but received no assistance. School officials, however, claimed they had received only one complaint.
Matters came to a head in September 1997, when a group of delinquent youths reportedly gathered at Yeomans's home on several consecutive nights, on each occasion throwing eggs, margarine, butter, cakes, and mud at the house and shouting taunts aimed at Yeomans. Her mother later said that the incident prompted Yeomans to tell her family, "It is nothing to do with you Daddy, nothing to do with you Mummy, and nothing to do with you Sarah [her sister]. I have had enough and I'm going to take an overdose."
The parents said they were worried and sought help for their daughter's obvious depression, but did not believe she would carry out her threat to take her own life. However, Yeomans was soon found dead in her bedroom by her father and sister after taking an overdose of co-proxamol, a painkiller her mother used for a knee problem.
After they admitted having done so, five youths between the ages of thirteen and seventeen were convicted of intentionally harassing Yeomans in the months leading up to her death. They were sentenced to attendance centre orders. For a time, Yeomans's death put the issue of child bullies and their victims into the public spotlight.
In his 2003 recording More Jack than God, former Cream bass guitarist Jack Bruce wrote a tribute to her – "Kelly's Blues".
# Ebbe Hertzberg

Ebbe Carsten Hornemann Hertzberg (11 April 1847 – 2 October 1912) was a Norwegian professor and social economist. He was also a legal historian and published several works in that field.

## Biography

Hertzberg was born at Holmestrand in Vestfold, Norway. He was the son of Johan Christian Linde Hertzberg (1816–1884) and Inger Horneman (1820–1895). He attended the University of Christiania (now University of Oslo). In 1868, he was awarded the Crown Prince's gold medal (Kronprinsens gullmedalje) for a thesis regarding changes in Norwegian judicial institutions. He graduated as cand.jur. in 1870. He earned a travel scholarship and studied at Uppsala University from 1870. From 1872 to 1873, he studied under legal historian Konrad Maurer at the University of Munich.
He was appointed professor of statistics and economics at the University of Christiania in 1877. He was a short-time government minister during April–June 1884 as a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm.
In 1886, Hertzberg withdrew from public life and moved away from Kristiania for a decade. Officially, this was motivated by a desire to focus on his research, but in reality he been pushed to resign by the university after admitting to being homosexual. During his exile in Berlin, Holmestrand, Munich and Stockholm, he completed his greatest work, a glossary of historic Norwegian legal terms, Glossarium til Norges gamle love.
In 1896, he returned to Kristiania where in 1903 he became director of Norges Hypotekbank and in 1906 he was appointed as an administrator in the National Archives. In 1901, he was awarded Knight 1st Class and in 1907 was decorated Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.

## Selected works

* Grundtrækkene i den ældste norske proces (1874)
* Om kreditens begreb og væsen (1877)
* Glossarium til Norges gamle love (1895)
# Tadakoustia

Tadakoustia is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the early part of the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.