OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Whistling thrush

The whistling thrushes comprise a genus Myophonus of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.
They are all medium-sized mostly insectivorous or omnivorous birds. They are all brightly coloured species found in India and south-eastern Asia. The male is usually blue, and the females are either similar to the male or brown. The brighter blue patches found on the shoulders and sometimes the head, of whistling thrushes, uniquely for a passerine, reflect strongly in the ultraviolet.

## Taxonomy

The genus Myophonus was introduced in 1822 by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck to accommodate a single species, Myophonus metallicus Temminck. This is a junior synonym of Turdus flavirostris Horsfield, a subspecies of the blue whistling thrush which is therefore the type species. There has been confusion as to the correct spelling of the genus name. Temminck's work was published in 102 parts (livraisons) and Plate 170 with the associated text was included in Livraison 29 which was issued in December 1822. However, the assembled volumes included pages inserted before Plate 170 with the genus name spelled as Myiophoneus. These inserted pages cannot have been issued earlier than 1832. The genus name Myophonus is from the Ancient Greek muia meaning "fly" and phoneus meaning "slayer".
As the English name suggests, the genus was at one time placed in the thrush family Turdidae but in 2010 two separate molecular phylogenetic studies found that members of the genus were more closely related to species in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.
The genus includes nine species several of which have ranges that are restricted to islands or peninsulas:
| Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| Sri Lanka whistling thrush | Myophonus blighi | found on Sri Lanka |
| Shiny whistling thrush | Myophonus melanurus | Sumatra |
| Javan whistling thrush | Myophonus glaucinus | Java |
| Bornean whistling thrush | Myophonus borneensis | Borneo |
| Brown-winged whistling thrush | Myophonus castaneus | Sumatra |
| Malayan whistling thrush | Myophonus robinsoni | peninsular Malaysia |
| Malabar whistling thrush | Myophonus horsfieldii | peninsular India |
| Taiwan whistling thrush or Taiwan whistling-thrush | Myophonus insularis | Taiwan |
| Blue whistling thrush | Myophonus caeruleus | from Central Asia east to China and south to the Sundas |
Javan, Bornean and brown-winged were formerly lumped as the Sunda whistling thrush, but were split in 2004.

## Habits

Whistling thrushes are mostly seen in hilly areas except during winter when they may descend to streams near the plains. They specialize in feeding on snails and their strong hooked bills are used to deal with them. They may choose a particular rock on which they crack the shells.
The nests are usually in crevices of rocks and boulders close to water. The cup nests have moss and twigs and is lined with roots and leaves. The eggs are usually three and sometimes four, elongate with a gray ground colour and marked with speckles.
# Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River

The Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia.
In the 2021 census, the Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River had a population of 640 people.

## Geography

It is on the east coast of the Cape York Peninsula and consists of a single locality, Lockhart River (which is shared with the Shire of Cook). It includes a number of islands off the east coast: Chapman Island, Lloyd Island, Rocky Island, Sherrard Island and Sunter Island.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, the Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River had a population of 712 people.
In the 2021 census, the Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River had a population of 640 people.

## Amenities

The Lockhart River Shire Council operate the Lockhart River Indigenous Knowledge Centre at Lockhart River.

## Mayors

* 2020–present: Wayne William Butcher
# Sir Francis Hutchinson, 1st Baronet

Sir Francis Hutchinson, 1st Baronet (1726-1807) was an Irish politician, Member of Parliament for Jamestown from 1783 to 1790.
# Simona Loizzo

Simona Loizzo (born 20 February 1965) is an Italian politician of Lega who was elected member of the Chamber of Deputies in 2022. She previously served as group leader of Lega in the Regional Council of Calabria.
# Sir Charles Turner, 2nd Baronet

Sir Charles Turner, 2nd Baronet (28 January 1773 –1 February 1810) was an English politician.
He was the son of Sir Charles Turner, Bt of Kirkleatham Hall, Yorkshire by his second wife Mary, the daughter of James Shuttleworth of Gawthorpe Hall.
He joined the Army as a Cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1789, was a lieutenant in 1794-5 and became a captain in the 4th West Yorkshire militia in 1797.
He was elected at the 1796 general election as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Kingston upon Hull, and held the seat until the 1802 general election.
He died in 1810 aged only 37, leaving his Kirkleatham estate to his widow. He had married Teresa, the daughter of Sir William Gleadowe-Newcomen, 1st Baronet. She later married Henry Vansittart, the High Sheriff of Yorkshire for 1820.
# Thomas E. Kunkel

Thomas E. Kunkel is a retired United States Air Force major general who served as the commander of the NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force. He also served as the deputy director for operations of the Joint Staff.
# Bidar taluk

Bidar taluka is one of the eight talukas of Bidar district. Its administrative headquarters is in the town of Bidar, along with the district's headquarters. The major river is the Manjira which forms the northern border of the taluka. As of 2008, 611 square kilometres (150,981 acres) of the land was under cultivation in the taluka, of that 19% or 118 square kilometres (29,158 acres) was irrigated. Irrigation is 52% from dug wells, 44% from bore holes, and the rest from is mostly from tanks (reservoir ponds) and lift irrigation from the Manjira.

## List of Villages in Bidar district

* Alamkeri
* Aliabad (OG)
* Aliamber
* Allapur
* Almaspur
* Ambalpad
* Amlapur
* Andura
* Ashtoor
* Atwal
* Aurad (S)
* Ayazpur
* Bag - E - Karanja (OG)
* Bagdal
* Bage-E-Gornalli
* Bage-Shahi
* Bahirnahalli
* Bahirnalli
* Bakchawadi
* Bambalgi
* Bapur
* Baridabad
* Barur
* Basanthpur
* Baugi
* Bawalpur
* Bellura
* Benakanalli
* Bhangoor
* Bidar (CMC + OG)
* Bompalli
* Budhera
* Chambool
* Chatnalli
* Chaver Fathepur
* Chikpet
* Chillargi
* Chimkod
* Chintalgera
* Chitta
* Chondi
* Chouli
* Daddapur
* Dattankeri
* Dharmapur
* Fathepur
* Gadgi
* Gandhi Nagar
* Ghodepalli
* Ghumma
* Goonalli
* Gornalli(B)
* Gouspur
* Gumtapur
* Hallikhed (B)
* Hamilapur
* Hippalgaon
* Hochaknalli
* Hokrana(B)
* Hokrana(K)
* Honaddi
* Honnakheri
* Imampur
* Immamabad
* Indira Nagar
* Islampur
* Jampad
* Janwada
* Kabirwada
* Kadwad
* Kamthana
* Kanalli
* Kangankot
* Kangathi
* Kaplapur (J)
* Kapplapur (A)
* Kasimpur (Chitgoppa)
* Kasimpur (Pan)
* Khadernagar
* Khajapur
* Kolhar (B)
* Kolhar (K)
* Madaknalli
* Magdal
* Mahamdapur
* Malegaon
* Malik Mirzapur
* Malkapur
* Mamankeri
* Manhalli
* Markhal
* Markunda
* Mirzapur
* Mirzapur Taj
* Mohillatte-Gornalli
* Nagora
* Nandagaon
* Naulaspur
* Nawadgeri
* Nelwad
* Nematabad
* Nidwancha
* Nizampur
* Odwada
* Paterpalli
* Qutubabad
* Rajgera
* Rajnal
* Ranjolkheni
* Rasoolabad
* Rekulgi
* Sangahalli
* Sangolgi
* Sangvi
* Satoli
* Secundrapur
* Shahpur
* Shamrajapur
* Shamshirnager
* Shekapur
* Siddapur
* Sindhol
* Sippalgeri
* Sirimandal
* Sirkatnalli
* Sirsi (A)
* Soupur
* Sultanpur (J)
* Sultanpur (Qudem)
* Tadpalli
* Tajlapur
* Telang - Mirzapur
* Vilaspur
* Yadlapur
* Yakatpur
* Yarnalli (Deshmukh)
* Yarnhalli (Pahilwan)
* Zamistanpur
# Biginelli reaction

The Biginelli reaction is a multiple-component chemical reaction that creates 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones 4 from ethyl acetoacetate 1, an aryl aldehyde (such as benzaldehyde 2), and urea 3. It is named for the Italian chemist Pietro Biginelli.
This reaction was developed by Pietro Biginelli in 1891. The reaction can be catalyzed by Brønsted acids and/or by Lewis acids such as copper(II) trifluoroacetate hydrate and boron trifluoride. Several solid-phase protocols utilizing different linker combinations have been published.
Dihydropyrimidinones, the products of the Biginelli reaction, are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as calcium channel blockers, antihypertensive agents, and alpha-1-a-antagonists.
More recently products of the Biginelli reaction have been investigated as potential selective Adenosine A2b receptor antagonists. Including highly selective tricyclic compounds.

## Reaction mechanism

The reaction mechanism of the Biginelli reaction is a series of bimolecular reactions leading to the desired dihydropyrimidinone.
According to a mechanism proposed by Sweet in 1973 the aldol condensation of ethylacetoacetate 1 and the aryl aldehyde is the rate-limiting step leading to the carbenium ion 2. The nucleophilic addition of urea gives the intermediate 4, which quickly dehydrates to give the desired product 5.
This mechanism is superseded by one by Kappe in 1997:
This scheme begins with rate determining nucleophilic addition by the urea to the aldehyde. The ensuing condensation step is catalyzed by the addition of acid, resulting in the imine nitrogen. The β-ketoester then adds to the imine bond and consequently the ring is closed by the nucleophilic attack by the amine onto the carbonyl group. This final step ensues a second condensation and results in the Biginelli compound.

## Advances in Biginelli reaction

In 1987, Atwal et al. reported a modification to the Biginelli reaction that consistently generated higher yields. Atul Kumar has reported first enzymatic synthesis for Biginelli reaction via yeast catalysed protocol in high yields. The reaction has also been reported via green methodologies.
# Bhuli

Bhuli may refer to:
* Bhuli, India
* Bhuli, Nepal
# Sinead Moynihan

Sinéad Bernadette Moynihan (born March 1982) is an English model and actress, best known for her roles as Ashley Webb in Drop Dead Gorgeous, Beth Clement in Hollyoaks, and Abby Jones in How Not to Live Your Life.

## Personal life

The eldest of three girls. She is the mother of two boys. She has been close friends with Linzey Cocker since they played the Webb sisters in BBC Three's comedy-drama Drop Dead Gorgeous in 2006.

## Career

Moynihan began modelling at age 16. She trained at Manchester School of Acting. In 2006 at the age of 24 she landed the role of teenage model Ashley Webb in the BBC Three drama Drop Dead Gorgeous, with Linzey Cocker who played her fraternal twin Jade Webb. In October 2007 she joined the Channel 4 show Hollyoaks, playing the character Beth Clement until April 2008. She also starred in the BBC Three sitcom How Not to Live Your Life's first series, returning for the standalone final episode three years later at Christmas 2011. She also featured in Payback Season in 2009. In December 2010, she featured in a Christmas advert for Liverpool One.
# Bicycle Route 1

Bicycle Route 1 may refer to:

## Denmark

* Danish national bicycle route 1

## United States

* U.S. Bicycle Route 1
* Delaware Bicycle Route 1
* Claire Saltonstall Bikeway, also known as Bike Route 1
# This Man (disambiguation)

This Man is best known as an urban legend.
This Man may also refer to:

## Music
### Records

* This Man (album), 2015 album by Cory Marks
* This Man (single album), 2024 single album by Jeonghan X Wonwoo based on the urban legend

### Songs

* "This Man" (song), 2004 song by Jeremy Camp, a single off the album Restored
* "This Man", 1995 song by Burning Spear from the album Rasta Business
* "This Man", song from Chaplin (2006 musical)
* "This Man", 2014 song by Cory Marks, the title track off the eponymous album This Man (album)
* "This Man", 2020 song by Robert Cray from the album That's What I Heard

## Other uses

* This Man (film), a 2024 Japanese horror film based on the 'This Man' urban legend
# Stërbeq

Stërbeq (also known as Stërbeq) is a settlement in the former Qendër municipality, Shkodër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Malësi e Madhe. It has a population of 636.
# Mary Rosenblum

Mary Rosenblum (born Mary Freeman; June 27, 1952 – March 11, 2018) was an American science fiction and mystery author.

## Biography

Rosenblum was born in Levittown, New York and grew up in Allison Park, Pennsylvania. She earned a biology degree from Reed College in Oregon. Rosenblum attended the Clarion West Writers Workshop in 1988.
Her first story came out in 1990 and her first novel in 1993. Her career began in, and largely returned to, science fiction. However, from 1999 to 2002 she wrote the "Gardening Mysteries" novel series under the name "Mary Freeman." Her gardening-involved mystery novels are said to be significantly different from her science fiction and so her two followings do not necessarily overlap. In 1994, she won the Compton Crook Award for Best First Novel for the novel, The Drylands. In 2009 she won the Sidewise Award for Alternate History Short Form for her story, "Sacrifice."
Rosenblum was also an accomplished cheesemaker who taught the craft at selected workshops.
At the age of 57, Rosenblum earned her airman certificate. Residing in Oregon, she was one of only 10% of pilots in that state who are female.

## Death

Rosenblum died on March 11, 2018, when the single-engine plane she was piloting crashed near an airfield south of La Center, Washington.
# Semisulcospira kurodai

Semisulcospira kurodai is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Semisulcospiridae. Before 2009, this species was classified in the family Pleuroceridae.

## Description

The maximum width of the shell of Semisulcospira kurodai is 13.3 millimetres (0.52 in) and 52.0 millimetres (2.05 in) in height in the laboratory. The maximum weight of the animal in the laboratory is 7.7 grams (0.27 oz).
The width of the shell is 10.3 millimetres (0.41 in) in the first year, 11.0 millimetres (0.43 in) in the second year, 11.5 to 11.8 millimetres (0.45 to 0.46 in) in the third year and 12.0 millimetres (0.47 in) in the fourth year in the laboratory.
The diploid chromosome number of Semisulcospira kurodai is 2n=35 and 2n=36 (both chromosome numbers were observed).

## Distribution

This species occurs in Japan.

## Ecology
### Habitat

Semisulcospira kurodai lives in rivers and in ponds.

### Life cycle

The female has 17 to 72 embryos in its brood pouch. One female can give life to 62 to 79 newborn snails in the laboratory.
The average size of the shell of a newborn snail varies according to the locality from 1.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.047 to 0.055 in) in width and from 1.9 to 2.1 millimetres (0.075 to 0.083 in) in the height of the shell.
Semisulcospira kurodai can live up to four years in the laboratory.
# Pseudohylesinus nebulosus

Pseudohylesinus nebulosus, the douglas-fir pole beetle, is a species of crenulate bark beetle in the family Curculionidae.
# Breaker Morant (play)

Breaker Morant: A Play in Two Acts is an Australian play written by Kenneth G. Ross, centred on the court-martial and the last days of Lieutenant Harry "Breaker" Morant (1864–1902) of the Bushveldt Carbineers (BVC), that was first performed at the Athenaeum Theatre, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, on Thursday, 2 February 1978, by the Melbourne Theatre Company.
Described at the time as an "interesting, though underwritten biographical study", the first performance of the play was directed and designed by John Sumner, the founding director of the Melbourne Theatre Company.

## First performance

The cast of the first performance of the play, directed and designed by John Sumner, on 2 February 1978 were:
* Lieutenant Harry (Breaker) Morant — Terence Donovan
* Lieutenant George Witton — Gary Day
* Lieutenant Peter Handcock — John Stanton
* First Interrogator; President of the Court-Martial; Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Cuthbert Denny (1858-?) — Barry Hill
* Second Interrogator; Dr. Johnson; Officer — Edward Hepple
* Third Interrogator; Mr. Robinson; Officer; Colonel Hamilton — Anthony Hawkins
* Major James Francis Thomas — Jonathan Hardy
* Major Bolton — Gerard Maguire
* Lord Kitchener — Simon Chilvers
* Sgt-Major Drummitt; Sergeant — Rob Harrison
* Trooper; Trooper Botha; Trooper — Gary Down
* Corporal; Captain Taylor; Corporal — Michael Edgar
* Trooper; Corporal Sharp; Trooper — Roy Baldwin
* Trooper; Van Rooyan; Trooper — Ian Suddards
* Trooper; Officer; Trooper — Peter Dunn
* Officer — Detlef Bauer
* Trooper — Michael Morrell

## Review of first performance

   "In this interesting, though under-written, biographical study, Adelaide writer, Kenneth Ross, turns his attention to the Boer War and to an unsavoury episode involving two Australian lieutenants, who were tried and executed by the British." (Childs, 1978).

## Conversion to a movie

The script of Ross's play was almost immediately converted into the screenplay for Bruce Beresford's 1980 film Breaker Morant.
The screenplay of the film, to which Ross had made a considerable contribution as a writer (i.e., in addition to his stage play having been the inspiration and basis for the screenplay), was nominated for the 1981 Academy Award for Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium.
# St Ann's Villas

St Ann's Villas (also written as St Anns Villas) is a street in the Notting Hill area of London. Located in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, it runs northwards from Royal Crescent. It is intersected by Queensdale Road.
The land was part of the Norland Estate which was redeveloped in the early Victorian era into affluent housing for the expanding population of London. Addison Avenue and Norland Square were both laid out around the same time as St Ann's Villas. The barrister and former Member of Parliament for Penryn Charles Stewart was heavily involved in the development.
The southernmost stretch of St Ann's Villas continued the original style of Robert Cantwell but on reaching Queensdale Road the architectural style changes. Built as semi-detached villas in the Tudor Gothic style, it provides a distinct contrast to the rest of the estate, which uses white stucco terracing. A number of the buildings are now Grade II listed. The music hall performer Albert Chevalier was born in the street in 1861 and is now commemorated by a blue plaque.
The name may refer to a planned but never built St Ann's Church for the new development. Instead the church serving the new district St James' Church was located in the nearby St James' Gardens. The street continues north as St Ann's Road for some distance, then becomes Bramley Road shortly before reaching Latimer Road tube station. Also first laid out in the Victorian era, very few of the original buildings now survive.
# Sydaphera

Sydaphera is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.

## Species

Species within the genus Sydaphera include:
* Sydaphera anxifer (Iredale, 1925)
* Sydaphera australis (G.B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* Sydaphera christiana Verhecken, 2008
* Sydaphera delicosa Laseron, 1955
* Sydaphera fulva (Lee & Lan, 2002)
* Sydaphera granosa (G.B. Sowerby I, 1832b)
* Sydaphera lactea (Deshayes, 1830) :
* Sydaphera obnixa (Iredale, 1936)
* Sydaphera panamuna (Garrard, 1975) :
* Sydaphera spengleriana (Deshayes, 1830)
* Sydaphera tasmanica (Tenison-Woods, 1876)

### Synonyms

* Sydaphera gigantea (Lee & Lan, 2002): synonym of Merica (Sydaphera) gigantea (Y.-C. Lee & T. C. Lan, 2002) represented as Merica gigantea (Y.-C. Lee & T. C. Lan, 2002)
* Sydaphera purpuriformis (Kiener, 1841): synonym of Merica purpuriformis (Kiener, 1841)
* Sydaphera undulata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1849): accepted as Merica (Sydaphera) undulata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849) represented as Merica undulata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
# Whistling tree frog

The whistling tree frog (Litoria verreauxii), or Verreaux's tree frog, is a species of frog found in Australia. It has been divided into two subspecies, the nominate Verreaux's tree frog (L. v. verreauxii) and the Verreaux's alpine tree frog (L. v. alpina). The alpine tree frog is restricted to the southern alps of New South Wales and Victoria. Verreaux's tree frog is widespread throughout south-eastern Queensland, coastal and highland regions of New South Wales, and south-eastern Victoria.

## Conservation status

Litoria verreauxii verreauxii is widespread and common across eastern Australia. L. v. alpina, though, has a very restricted range and has suffered significant declines in population; it is currently listed as endangered.

## Evolution

L. verreauxii is one of the classic examples of speciation by reinforcement. Future research into congener hybridisation and gene flow may find such occurring, and may find countervailing reinforcement mechanisms at work.

## Description

L. v. verreauxii is light brown to red brown above, with an often indistinct, broad, darker patch starting between the eyes and continuing over the back. A dark band starting at the nostril runs across the eye and down to the shoulder, underlined by a white line starting at the mouth. The thighs and backs of the legs are red with small black spots, with some larger black spots present on the fronts of the thighs.
L. v. alpina is mostly green on the dorsal surface with two brown bands running parallel to each other down the back. These bands start at the eye and are separated by a narrow band of green. The thighs and backs of the legs are the same as above. The belly of both subspecies is white. Both reach a maximum size of about 35 mm (1.4 in).

## Ecology and behaviour

Verreaux's tree frog inhabits swamps, dam impoundments, and creeks in woodland, farmland, forest and cleared land. Males call from pond-side vegetation or from the ground all year round, but calling intensifies during autumn and spring and after rain. As its name implies, this frog makes a whistling noise.
The alpine tree frog inhabits alpine ponds and pools of creeks in moorland, alpine forest and partly cleared land. Males have a similar call as above and call from beside the breeding sites during spring and summer.
Chytrid fungus is believed to be partly responsible for the decline of the alpine subspecies.

## As a pet

It is kept as a pet; in Australia and New Zealand, this animal may be kept in captivity with the appropriate permit.
# Prostanthera oleoides

Prostanthera oleoides is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to central Queensland. It is an open, erect shrub with four-sided branchlets, narrow elliptic, oblong or egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and mauve flowers with purple to dark mauve markings.

## Description

Prostanthera oleoides is an open, erect shrub that typically grows to a height of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) with four-sided branchlets. The leaves are dark green above, paler below, narrow elliptic, oblong or egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, 18–30 mm (0.71–1.18 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide on a petiole 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long. The flowers are arranged in leafy groups of eight to fourteen near the ends of branchlets, each flower on a stalk 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long. The sepals are greenish red, forming a tube 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long with two lobes, the upper lobe 0.5–1.5 mm (0.020–0.059 in) long and the lower lobe 1–2.5 mm (0.039–0.098 in) long. The petals are mauve with purple to dark mauve markings and 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) long, forming a tube 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long with two lips. The central lower lobe is 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and the side lobes are 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long. The upper lip is egg-shaped, 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and wide with a central notch.

## Taxonomy

Prostanthera oleoides was first formally described in 2015 by Trevor Wilson and Barry Conn in the journal Telopea, based on material collected in the Blackdown Tableland National Park.

## Distribution and habitat

This prostanthera occurs on the central Queensland sandstone belt in the Blackdown Tableland, Expedition and Chesterton Range National Parks where it grows in soil derived from sandstone, on and below sandstone escarpments.

## Conservation status

This mintbush is classified as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.