OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cold rubber

Cold rubber, or cold polymerized rubber, is synthetic rubber (especially, SBR and NBR) emulsion polymerized at a relatively low temperature.
Cold rubber may be polymerized at temperatures of about -18°C to 5°C, as opposed to "hot rubber" polymerized at higher temperatures around 50°C. The polymerizing temperature is approximately 5°C in the case of SBR and 5~10°C in the case of NBR. Except some SBR and NBR used for special purposes, most SBR and NBR available in the market are considered cold rubber.
Since rubber molecule types have a smaller number of branches than hot rubber and are characterized by good stereoregularity, cold rubber has superior processability as well as the ability to produce vulcanized materials with good tensile strength, expansion and aging resistance, and flex resistance.

## History

Germany developed a polymerization process for cold rubber during World War II using sugar, organic peroxide, and iron, allowing rubber to be mixed between 0-10°C. The rubber produced from this process showed improvements in tensile strength and resistance to wear. After the war, research director Ralph Rowzee of the Canadian petrochemical company Polymer traveled to Germany as part of Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee, an Allied program to investigate and report back on German scientific discoveries during the war.
Polymer donated the polymerization recipe to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, and several North American petrochemical companies used this formula to manufacture their own versions of cold rubber. In the United States, the RFC launched a $3.5 million program in 1948 to boost the production of cold rubber, citing its better performance in tire treads.
However, tire manufacturers found the new rubber to be hard to process. In 1948, researcher Emmet Pfau of BFGoodrich tested a method of manufacturing rubber that added oil to the mix as an extender, lowering production costs and making the resultant rubber more plastic. BFGoodrich was uninterested in his findings, however, and Pfau left the company to join General Tire. General Tire, in collaboration with Polymer, began production of what would be called Polysar Krynol by 1951.
# Canton, New York (disambiguation)

Canton, New York, is the name of two places in St. Lawrence County, New York.
* Canton (town), New York
* Canton (village), New York, in the town
# Bandulla, New South Wales

Bandulla, New South Wales is a rural locality and a civil Parish of Gowen County in central west New South Wales located at 31°49'11.7"S 149°07'04.2"E.
The civil parish is on the Castlereagh River and the town of Mendooran, New South Wales is on the opposite bank.

## History

The Bandulla, New South Wales was inhabited by the Wiradjuri tribe before white settlement. The first European to visit the area was surveyor John Evans who came as close as 10 kilometres in 1815. Two years later it was John Oxley's group that passed through the area while conducting one of the first inland expeditions.
# Cambrian Law Review

The Cambrian Law Review is a Welsh academic law journal containing articles on British and international law, book reviews, and obituaries. It is published by the Committee of the Cambrian Law Review, on behalf of the Department of Law and Criminology, Aberystwyth University.
The journal is being digitised by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales.
# Tobi 14

Tobi 13 – Coptic calendar – Tobi 15
The fourteenth day of the Coptic month of Tobi, the fifth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to January 9, of the Julian calendar, and January 22, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

## Commemorations
### Saints

* The martyrdom of Saint Mohrael
* The departure of Saint Archlides the Monk
* The departure of Saint Maximus, the brother of Saint Dometius
# William Schulhoff

William Schulhoff (March 19, 1898 – August 2, 1943) was an American painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
# Feldtelefon 50

The Feldtelephone 50 (50 FTf) is a field telephone used in the Swiss Army. It takes its name from the year 1950, in which it was produced for the first time.

## Parts

The field telephone 50 is packed in a rectangular box-shaped protective casing of green canvas on which a strap is secured from the same material. Inside is the actual phone that is powered by a 1.5-volt battery. A standard handset with earpiece and microphone is used (called Mikrotel). The canvas surrounding the phone has a circular opening for the crank, through the actuation of the ring signal is triggered at the other end. The ring signal is generated by a hand crank. Two wire terminals at the upper end of the apparatus are available for attaching the wire ends of telephone lines.

## Use

The field telephone 50 is used by all communication troops of the Swiss Army for both point-to-point connections and landlines.
For the first variant, two field telephones are connected with telephone wire.
In the second version the phone is connected to lines specially reserved for the army. Such a linked phone is accessible from any telephone. When connected to army common Switchboard 85 all phone numbers can be called.
If only a normal telephone connection is available, the phone can be coupled with the supplementary Army dealing phone 53 (ATF53). The ATF 53 is technically identical to the FTF50. However, it is not weather resistant and more suitable for bunker cabling due to its metal housing.

## Reasons for using

The advantages of the field telephone 50 is its compact and lightweight design, its ability to withstand heavy loads through bumps, blows or weather. It is an important complement to other means such as military communications the radio.

## Comment

This text is a translation from German (de:Feldtelefon 50)
# São João do Oeste

São João do Oeste is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.

## German as a regional language

The vast majority of the population inhabiting this western region of the state of Santa Catarina is bilingual, speaking both Riograndenser Hunsrückisch German dialect as well as Portuguese, the national language. The vast majority of Riograndenser Hunsrückisch speakers, an estimated three to four million, reside and have historically lived in the neighboring state of Rio Grande do Sul. There are other varieties of the Hunsrückisch dialect that are spoken elsewhere in the state of Santa Catarina by much smaller populations: see Antônio Carlos (Santa Catarina), a municipality where Hunsrückisch is a co-official language.
# Chhapra–Varanasi City Intercity Express

The Chhapra Jn- Varanasi City Intercity Express is an Express train belonging to North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Chhapra Junction and Varanasi City in India. It is currently being operated with 15111/15112 train numbers on a daily basis.

## Service

The 15111/Chhapra - Varanasi City Intercity Express has an average speed of 46 km/h and covers 224 km in 4h 55m. 15111/Chhapra - Varanasi City Intercity Express has an average speed of 43 km/h and covers 224 km in 5h 15m.

## Route and halts

The important halts of the train are:
* Chhapra Junction
* Suraimanpur
* Ballia
* Phephna Junction
* Chilkahar
* Rasra
* Ratanpura
* Indara Junction
* Mau Junction
* Dullahapur
* Aunrihar Junction
* Varanasi Junction

## Coach composite

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 15 coaches :
* 1 Chair car
* 12 General
* 2 SLR

## Traction

Both trains are hauled by a Gonda Loco Shed based WDM 3A diesel locomotive from Chhapra to Varanasi and vice versa.
# Pegasus Hotel

Pegasus Hotel may refer to:
# Cancer procoagulant

Cancer procoagulant is a hypothesised protein, most likely a cysteine protease enzyme (EC 3.4.22.26), that occurs only in fetal and malignant cells. Its activity appears to be the activation of factor X, one of the coagulation factors, and would account for the increased incidence of thrombosis in cancer patients. Tissue factor (TF) is also known to be present at increased levels around malignant cells.
# The Bobby Bloom Album

The Bobby Bloom Album was the first album for composer, producer and singer Bobby Bloom. It charted in late 1970 through to early 1971. It contained his hits "Montego Bay" and "Heavy Makes You Happy".

## Background

According to Billboard in the July 25, 1970 issue, a promotion had been launched by the Robert Stigwood organization and MGM for "Montego Bay", Bobby Bloom's first release for the label as well as his album. A promo film produced by Gene Weed for television stations around the country was to be made. MGM's West Coast production manager Rick Sidoti was accompanying Bloom on a tour of the West Coast radio stations, one stops and record dealers to promote the single and album.
The album was produced by Jeff Barry and released on L&R LR-1035 in 1970. The L&R label was founded by Joey Levine and Artie Resnick. The L&R label had begun as Earth Records in 1969 but had to change to L&R due to legal action from Motown Records as the Rare Earth label was owned by them. The L&R is a representation of the initials of Joey Levine and Artie Resnik.
Geno Washington covered "Give 'Em a Hand" which was the B side of his single, "Dirty Dirty" which was released in 1972 on Pye. Washington also recorded "Careful Not to Break the Spell" which was unreleased until the late 1990s.

## Reception

The album was reviewed in the August 29 issue of Record World. One of the Pick Hits, the reviewer began with "A deep and manly voice to reckon with here". Noting Bloom's and Barry's playing of guitars, piano and drums, the reviewer said there were "all sorts of hits on the album" and that it was "some achievement".
Reviewed by Franko of the What Frank is Listening to blog in September 2014, the picks were "Heavy Makes You Happy (Sha-Na-Boom-Boom)", "Oh, I Wish You Knew", "Give 'Em a Hand" and "Montego Bay".

## Chart performance

The album made its debut at no. 130 on the Billboard Top LPs chart for the week ending November 28. It peaked at no. 126.
The album made its debut at no. 99 on the Cash Box Top 100 Albums chart for the week of December 5, 1970. It reached its peak position of no. 95 on the week of December 19. The following week it was at no. 101 in the Cash Box Top 100 Albums 101 to 140 chart. It remained in the 101 to 140 chart until February 6.

## Track listing

Side one
* "Careful Not to Break the Spell" - 5:30
* "Heavy Makes You Happy" - 3:58
* "Try a Little Harder" - 3:03
* "Oh I Wish You Knew" - 2:50
* "Fanta" - 2:07
* "Heidi" - 3:45
Side two
* "This Thing I've Gotten Into" - 2:30
* "A Little on the Heavy Side" - 2:54
* "Brighten Your Flame" - 2:43
* "Give 'Em a Hand" - 4:12
* "Montego Bay" - 2:53
# Caloptilia chrysochoa

Caloptilia chrysochoa is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Samoa and Tonga.
# Tino de Lara

Tino de Lara (born 1917) is a Filipino actor, also known as Tinno de Lara, who was an LVN Pictures supporting player.
He made his first movie under Luis Nolasco Production in 1948's Apat na Panalangin aka Four Prayers.
From then, he made six movies under Lvn Pictures for the next three years, namely: Kambal na Ligaya aka Twin Happiness with Leopoldo Salcedo, Makabagong Pilipina aka Modern Filipina with Lilia Dizon, Camelia with Carmen Rosales, Ang Kandidato with Pugo & Togo, Lupang Pangako aka Promise Land & Magkumparing Putik with Pugo & Togo.
In 1951, he transferred to another movie studio, the Premiere Production, where he made his first and only movie of Sa Oras ng Kasal aka In the Time of Wedding.

## Filmography

* 1948 - 4 na Dalangin
* 1948 - Kambal na Ligaya
* 1949 - Makabagong Pilipina
* 1949 - Camelia
* 1949 - Ang Kandidato
* 1949 - Lupang Pangako
* 1950 - Magkumpareng Putik
* 1951 - Sa Oras ng Kasal
# Antonello Petrei

Antonello Petrei (born 24 November 1972) is a former Italian male long-distance runner who competed at individual senior level at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships.
# Vijaipur

Vijaipur is a town in Guna district of Madhya Pradesh in India.

## Education

Schools located in Vijaipur include:
* Delhi Public School, Vijaipur
* Sri Sathya Sai Vidya Vihar, Vijaipur
* Kendriya Vidyalaya, Vijaipur

## Economy

Vijaipur is primarily known as the site of one of India's largest fertilizer plants, owned and operated by National Fertilizers Limited.
The Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) natural gas pipeline of GAIL made the town well known in India.

## Transport

Vijay Pur railway station is the main railway station of Vijaipur situated on Indore–Gwalior line under the Bhopal railway division.
# Orwell (1817 ship)

The Orwell was an East Indiaman built by Jabez Bayley's Ship-Yard, Halifax, Ipswich. She was launched on 28 August, 1817 before a crowd of 20,000 on-lookers. The ship was built from Suffolk oak for Matthew Isacke of Greenwich. She took 15 months to build.
# William Neilson (cricketer)

William Francis Neilson (24 September 1850 – 2 May 1880) was an English-born New Zealand cricketer who played for Canterbury in the 1870s.
Born in Liverpool, England, Neilson moved to New Zealand as a young man. He had his best cricket performances in the match against Otago in 1876–77, when he scored 57 not out in the second innings batting at number nine, and then took 5 for 19 to wrap up the Otago innings and the match.
In 1877–78 Neilson organised and captained Canterbury's first trip to the North Island, when they dismissed Auckland for 13 at the Auckland Domain. A few weeks later he captained Canterbury to victory over the touring Australians, the Australians' only loss of the tour. He also led the Canterbury team that toured Tasmania and Victoria in 1878–79.
A popular figure in Canterbury, he was the best amateur billiards player in New Zealand, a fine games player and horse rider, and a prominent owner of racehorses. He died on 2 May 1880 after a long illness, aged 29.
# Barbara Harris (voice casting director)

Barbara Harris is an American voice casting director.

## The Looping Group

Harris is a voice casting director for motion pictures and television. Her credits include some of the top grossing films of all time, including Black Panther, Jurassic Park, Titanic, The Lion King, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, The Dark Knight, The Dark Knight Rises, Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, The Fate of the Furious, The Matrix Reloaded, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, Transformers: Age of Extinction, Interstellar, Guardians of the Galaxy, and others.
She founded the voice casting company, The Looping Group. She and her company were mentioned in film critic, Roger Ebert's book, Questions for the Movie Answer Man. They were also mentioned in Kate McClanaghan's book, The Sound Advice Encyclopedia of Voice-Over & the Business of Being A Working Talent.
# Cameron Zubko

Cameron Zubko (born 1975) is a Canadian businessman and investor. Zubko is co-founder of Ice Wireless, a Canadian 4G/LTE telecommunications company.
In 2012, Zubko initiated a partnership between Ice Wireless and nationwide VoIP provider Iristel and led the rollout of the Ice Wireless mobile network across the Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut.
Zubko is a strong advocate for improving telecommunications in Canada and Canada's northern regions.

## Biography

Born in Montreal, Quebec, Zubko holds a Juris Doctor of Law from the University of British Columbia and a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of Victoria.

## Career

Before joining Ice Wireless, Zubko spent ten years in finance and government affairs in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Zubko currently resides in Vancouver, British Columbia. He is a former member of the City of Vancouver's Urban Indigenous Peoples' Advisory Committee.
# Bicho

Bicho may refer to:
* Bicho (album), by Caetano Veloso, 1977
* Bicho (food), the common Tagalog name for youtiao, a type of fried dough
* Bicho (woreda), Oromia, Ethiopia
* Bicho (footballer, born 1992), Spanish footballer (Xerez)
* Bicho (footballer, born 1996), Spanish footballer (Deportivo La Coruña, Compostela)
* Bicho (footballer, born 2003), Spanish women's footballer (Atlético Madrid)
# Tohoratea River

The Tohoratea River is a short river of the Gisborne Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows southeast from its origins south of Ruatoria to reach the Pacific Ocean to the north of Waipiro Bay.
# Antonello Gagini

Antonello Gagini (1478–1536) was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance, mainly active in Sicily and Calabria.
Antonello belonged to a family of sculptors and artisans, originally from Northern Italy, but active throughout Italy, including Genoa, Florence, and Rome. The family included his father, Domenico (1449–1492), also a sculptor. Antonello had five sons who were sculptors: Antonio (or Antonino; 1510s-1574), Fazio (1520s-1567), Giacomo (1517–1598), Giandomenico (1503-1560s), and Vicenzo (1527–1595).
Antonello was born, in 1478, in Palermo, where the Gagini family had settled in 1463. Antonello is said to have aided Michelangelo in the sculptural work on the massive tomb of Pope Julius II in San Pietro in Vincoli, a project now known for the statue of Moses.
One of Antonio Gagini's most notable works is the decorated arch in the Capella della Madonna in the Santuario dell'Annunziata in Trapani which he completed in 1537. Antonello also completed decorative ecclesiastical sculpture in the area of Messina. A large collection of his works including an Annunciation, Madonna with Child, Madonna of the Snow and the Appearance of the Cross to Constantine are now in the Palazzo Abatellis in Palermo. In the Chiesa dell’Addolorata in Soverato Superiore, Calabria there is the "Pietà", a representation of Mary and her dead son. He worked also at the Cathedral of Palermo. Other works were destroyed during earthquakes. He helped train Giacomo del Duca.
# Lake Passagassawakeag

Lake Passagassawakeag (also known as Randall Pond) is a lake in Waldo County, Maine and is drained by the Passagassawakeag River.
# Vijana Jazz

Vijana Jazz Orchestra (also known as Vijana Jazz Band or simply Vijana Jazz) is a Tanzanian muziki wa dansi band that reached its peak of popularity in the 1980s. As with many other dansi bands of the times, it was sponsored by a government institution, namely the Umoja wa Vijana, i.e., the youth wing of Tanzania's ruling party Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) (renamed Chama cha Mapinduzi in 1977).

## History

The band was founded in 1971 by John Ondoro Chacha. In 1978, the Tanzanian government passed a law that allowed bands to purchase foreign instruments (something that had previously been forbidden by the Baraza la Muziki la Taifa, a governative council responsible for the regulation of the music business). Vijana Jazz was one of the first bands to take on this opportunity, and in the 1980s it became extremely popular because of its innovative sound that made use of synthesizers and drum machines.
Popular mitindo (styles) created by Vijana Jazz include sindimba, heka heka, koka koka, watoto wa nyumbani and pamba moto. Some of the most notable musicians that have played in Vijana Jazz are Hamza Kalala, Hemedi Maneti, Issa Chikupele and Manitu Musa.
The band declined in popularity in the early 1990s, partly as a consequence of its leader's sudden death (in 1990).

## Partial discography

Note: Vijana Jazz records were published by a variety of labels, including at least Africa79, Ahadi, Ken-Tanza, Moto Moto, and Polydor.
* Mary Maria (1986)
* Moto
* Mundinde
* Hayati Hemed Maneti and Vijana Jazz, Makumbusho
* Best of Vijana Jazz vol. 1
* Best of Vijana Jazz vol. 2
* Best of Vijana Jazz vol. 3
* Best of Vijana Jazz vol. 4
* Hayati Maneti Last Recording
Several muziki wa dansi collections include songs by Vijana Jazz. Some examples are:
* Swahili Hits, 1985
* Swahili Hits vol. 3
* Swahili Hits vol. 4
* Tanzania Hit Parade
* Tanzania Hit Parade vol. 2
* Tanzania Hit Parade vol. 3
* Tanzania Hit Parade 1988
* The Rough Guide to the Music of Tanzania

## Footnotes

* 1 2 KenTanza Vinyl Archived 27 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
* 1 2 3 Discography of Tanzanian Music
* ↑ Kelly Michelle Askew (2002). "Performing the nation: Swahili music and cultural politics in Tanzania". University of Chicago Press.
* 1 2 Vijana Jazz
* This Tanzania-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Collegium Sapientiae

The Collegium Sapientiae (Sapience College; College of Wisdom; Sapienzkolleg; Sapienz; Sapienz-Collegium) was a preparatory academy and later theological seminary in Heidelberg in the early modern period.
The Collegium Sapientiae was founded by Elector Frederick II in 1555 on the location of the former Augustinian Cloister in Heidelberg. Frederick received papal permission to redirect ecclesiastical revenues to support this preparatory academy for up to 60 poor students under the oversight of the arts faculty of the University of Heidelberg. Under Elector Otto Henry, the foundation became an explicitly Lutheran institution. The Reformed Elector Frederick III, the Pious, transformed the school from a preparatory arts academy into a Reformed theological seminary in 1561. With this transformation, administration of the Collegium passed from the university to the church council. Under the leadership of Zacharias Ursinus, the Collegium became a leading center of Reformed theological education in the Holy Roman Empire and enrollments increased. Under Elector Ludwig IV, the institution returned to Lutheranism in 1577, and Reformed students left the school en masse. The institution took on a Reformed character again during and after the regency of Count Palatine Johann Casimir from 1584, and there was a concomitant exodus of Lutheran students. Outstanding faculty in this period included David Pareus, Heinrich Alting, and Bartholomäus Keckermann. The school closed with the Electorate of the Palatinate military occupation in the Thirty Years War in the 1620s.
After the restoration of the Palatine Wittelbachs in the aftermath of the war, Elector Karl Ludwig empowered the leading Swiss Scholar Johann Heinrich Hottinger to reopen the Collegium in 1656. The institution again suffered hardship as its structures were destroyed with much of the rest of Heidelberg in the Palatine Succession War in 1693. The school reopened in 1707 and continued in a humbler fashion until its final dissolution in 1805.
# Sverre Leiro

Sverre Leiro (born 26 April 1947) is a Norwegian businessperson
He was the chief executive officer in NorgesGruppen until 2011, when he stepped down. He instead became chair of the Federation of Norwegian Enterprises and chair of Moelven Industrier. From 2006 to 2007 he was a board member of Terra-Gruppen, but withdrew on 23 November 2007 due to the Terra Securities scandal.
# Banksiola concatenata

Banksiola concatenata is a species of caddisfly in the family Phryganeidae. It is found in North America.
# Cameron baronets of Balclutha (1893)

The Cameron baronetcy, of Balclutha in the parish of Greenock in the County of Renfrew, was created on 27 August 1893. for the Liberal Party politician Charles Cameron, a former editor of the North British Daily Mail who was at that time the member of parliament (MP) for Glasgow College. Upon the death in 1924 of Sir Charles, his son John succeeded to the baronetcy – which became extinct on his death.

## Cameron baronets, of Balclutha (1893)

* Sir Charles Cameron, 1st Baronet (1841–1924).MP for Glasgow 1874–1885, for Glasgow College 1885–1895, Glasgow Bridgeton 1897–1900.
* Sir John Cameron, 2nd Baronet (1903–1968).
# Thomas Paine (disambiguation)

Thomas Paine (1737–1809) was an English-American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary
Thomas Paine may also refer to:
* Thomas O. Paine (1921–1992), American scientist and NASA administrator
* Thomas Paine (privateer) (1632–1715), colonial American privateer
* John Kricfalusi, who took Thomas Paine as his pen name when writing for Film Threat and Wild Cartoon Kingdom