OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carmen Arriagada

Carmen Arriagada García (1807 – January 12, 1888) was a Chilean writer.

## Biography

Arriagada García was born in Chillán Viejo, Ñuble Region, 1807, of an aristocratic family. She was the daughter of Pedro Ramón Arriagada, a public figure, and Maria Antonia Garcia. She was educated in Santiago and married a German military man, Eduardo Gutike. After her father died, she moved with her husband to Linares on lands she inherited from her father. Later they moved to Talca, where she lived until the time of her death. She carried on a relationship for almost 16 years, though letters, with the German Romantic painter, Johann Moritz Rugendas, who arrived in Chile in 1834. They met at the home of Isidora Zegers in Talca. Her letters, not necessarily private, but rather meant to be shared among friends and family, were written in French and English. His last letter to her was in 1849, while her last letter to him was in 1851. The collection of love letters is held by Museo Histórico O'Higginiano. She died in Talca, Maule Region, January 12, 1888.
# Charles-Étienne Gaucher

Charles-Étienne Gaucher (1740 – 1804) was a French engraver, born and died in Paris, was first a pupil of Basan, and afterwards of J. P. Le Bas.

## Portraits

He engraved several portraits and other subjects, of which the following are the principal:He engraved several portraits and other subjects, of which the following are the principal:
* Maria Cecilia, Ottoman Princess, daughter of Achmet III; after his own design.
* M. du Paty, celebrated Advocate; after Notte.
* Louis Gillet.
* Louis Augustus, Dauphin of France; after Gautier.
* J. P. Timoléon de Cossé, Duke of Brissac; after St. Aubin.
* Louis de Grimaldi, Bishop of Le Mans. 1767.

## Various subjects

* An allegorical subject, to the memory of J. P. Le Bas; after Cochin.
* The Crowning of Voltaire; after Moreau.
* The Card-players; after Tilborch.
* Repose; after Gaspar Netscher.
# Sphincter ani

Sphincter ani can refer to:
* Sphincter ani externus muscle
* Sphincter ani internus muscle
# Somatogyrus

Somatogyrus is a genus of very small freshwater and brackish water snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod micromolluscs in the family Lithoglyphidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Somatogyrus include:
* Reverse pebblesnail, Somatogyrus alcoviensis Krieger, 1972
* Somatogyrus aldrichi B. Walker, 1906 (W)
* Ouachita pebblesnail, †Somatogyrus amnicoloides B. Walker, 1915
* Golden pebblesnail, Somatogyrus aureus Tryon, 1865
* Angular pebblesnail, Somatogyrus biangulatus B. Walker, 1906
* Knotty pebblesnail, Somatogyrus constrictus B. Walker, 1904
* Coosa pebblesnail, Somatogyrus coosaensis B. Walker, 1904
* Thick-lipped pebblesnail, †Somatogyrus crassilabris B. Walker, 1915
* Stocky pebblesnail, Somatogyrus crassus B. Walker, 1904
* Tennessee pebblesnail, Somatogyrus currierianus (I. Lea, 1863)
* Hidden pebblesnail, Somatogyrus decipiens B. Walker, 1909
* Sandbar pebblesnail, Somatogyrus depressus (Tryon, 1862)
* Ovate pebblesnail, Somatogyrus excavatus B. Walker, 1906
* Cherokee pebblesnail, Somatogyrus georgianus B. Walker, 1904
* Fluted pebblesnail, Somatogyrus hendersoni B. Walker, 1909
* Granite pebblesnail, Somatogyrus hinkleyi B. Walker, 1904
* Atlas pebblesnail, Somatogyrus humerosus B. Walker, 1906
* Ohio pebblesnail, Somatogyrus integra (Say, 1829)
* Dwarf pebblesnail, Somatogyrus nanus B. Walker, 1904
* Moon pebblesnail, Somatogyrus obtusus B. Walker, 1904
* Sparrow pebblesnail, Somatogyrus parvulus Tryon, 1865
* Shale pebblesnail, Somatogyrus pennsylvanicus B. Walker, 1904
* Tallapoosa pebblesnail, Somatogyrus pilsbryanus B. Walker, 1904
* Compact pebblesnail, Somatogyrus pumilus (Conrad, 1834)
* Pygmy pebblesnail, Somatogyrus pygmaeus B. Walker, 1909
* Quadrate pebblesnail, Somatogyrus quadratus B. Walker, 1906
* Flint pebblesnail, Somatogyrus rheophilas F. G. Thompson, 1984
* Elk pebblesnail, Somatogyrus rosewateri M. E. Gordon, 1986
* Mud pebblesnail, Somatogyrus sargenti Pilsbry, 1895
* Rolling pebblesnail, Somatogyrus strengi Pilsbury & B. Walker, 1906
* Choctaw pebblesnail, Somatogyrus substriatus B. Walker, 1906
* Savannah pebblesnail, Somatogyrus tenax F. G. Thompson, 1969
* Opaque pebblesnail, Somatogyrus tennesseensis B. Walker, 1906
* Somatogyrus trothis W. Doherty, 1878
* Coldwater pebblesnail, Somatogyrus tryoni Pilsbry & F. C. Baker, 1927
* Panhandle pebblesnail, Somatogyrus virginicus B. Walker, 1904
* Gulf Coast pebblesnail, Somatogyrus walkerianus Aldrich, 1905
* Channeled pebblesnail, †Somatogyrus wheeleri B. Walker, 1915

### Species brought into synonymy

* Somatogyrus clenchi, synonym of Aroapyrgus clenchi
* Somatogyrus mexicanus, synonym of Aroapyrgus mexicanus
* Somatogyrus subglobosus, synonym of Birgella subglobosa
* †Somatogyrus umbilicatus, synonym of †Clappia umbilicata
NB: WoRMS considers one more species than ITIS. It is marked (W) in the list above.
# Christiana Willes

Christiana Willes (1786–1873), also known by her married name Christiana Hodges, was an early nineteenth century cricketer and the younger sister of John Willes. She has sometimes been attributed as the founder of roundarm bowling but it is known that the style was originated by Tom Walker. Many cricket sources name her as Christina rather than Christiana, but John Major and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography are adamant that Christiana is the correct spelling of her name.

## Biography

The earliest record of Christiana Willes is her baptism, on 20 February 1786 at Headcorn, Kent, as the daughter of Sarah Snelling and William Willes, landowners, who in 1794 had inherited the manor of Tonford near Canterbury. She married on 24 September 1810 Lieutenant Richard Thomas Hodges RN, is thought to have lived in Maidstone for a time, but to have moved elsewhere. Her son, Edward Hodges, was born at her brother John's house in Sutton Valence in 1819. Her husband died in 1841; Christiana died on 14 June 1873 at Ealing.

## Roundarm bowling

Roundarm bowling was first developed about 1788 by Tom Walker of the Hambledon Club but the club ordered him not to use it in matches. In the early nineteenth century, Christiana Willes helped her brother John, who played for Kent, to practice by bowling to him. The story goes that she found underarm bowling difficult in a hooped skirt, and so around 1807, she began bowling in a roundarm style. Developing her technique through experimentation, she naturally bowled with a higher arm due to her skirts, and found roundarm to be far more successful for her than underarm. Major rejects the "hooped skirt" story because, as he says, "they were no longer in vogue by 1807".
The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography traces the story of Christiana's supposed contribution to cricket, noting that her son Edward Hodges wrote about his mother playing cricket with her brother John Willes, a Kent county player identified with the round-arm bowling style. Hodges' account makes mention neither of crinoline nor of roundarm bowling, merely that Christiana, John and their dog could beat any eleven in England. The ODNB states that the story was picked up in Hodges' obituary in Wisden Cricketers' Almanack and subsequently retold by F. S. Ashley-Cooper in Highways and Byways (1927); it was rejected by Rowland Bowen in Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development (1970); but tentatively accepted by other writers as part of the folklore of cricket.
# Castore-class gunboat

The Italian Castore-class gunboats, Castore and Polluce, were a class of two Rendel gunboats, designed and built by Sir W G Armstrong Mitchell & Co.'s Elswick Works in the late 1880s to a contract by the Italian War Ministry. Designed by Philip Watts and Herbert Rowell, and constructed in Elswick's Tyneside yard in the United Kingdom, the two gunboats were disassembled and shipped to Italy for reassembly in the Armstrong facility at Pozzuoli, proving to be the only ships constructed there after the Italian government cancelled the shipyard project. It is uncertain whether the vessels were designed as testbeds for heavy guns, or were intended from the outset as operational gunboats.

## Design

Both vessels were laid down in the Elswick yard on 22 February 1887. Built to a design calling for a length of 115 feet (35 m) and a beam of 37 feet (11 m), giving them a length to beam ratio of 3.1:1, they displaced 667 long tons (678 t) under normal conditions, and were powered by two steam engines, driving a pair of propellers that gave a speed of around 8 knots (15 km/h).
As constructed, both vessels were armed with a single, massive Krupp 40-centimetre (16-inch), 32-caliber cannon mounted on the stern, that could be elevated to an angle of 13 degrees, firing a 1,980-pound (900 kg) shell.

## Castore

Castore was launched in September 1888, and conducted her trials in 1889 at Pozzuoli. She had her heavy gun removed in 1889, and was commissioned into the Italian Navy on 18 July 1891 as a gunboat. Rearmed with a single 12-centimetre (4.7-inch) gun, she served until 1899 when she was disarmed and reclassified as a barge. In 1904, she was reclassified again as a minelayer, and served in that role until late 1915 when she was designated as a torpedo testing craft. After serving in this role throughout the First World War, she was stricken and discarded on 8 October 1925.

## Polluce

Polluce was launched in October 1888, and conducted her trials in 1889 at Pozzuoli. She was commissioned into the Italian Navy on 18 July 1891 along with her sister vessel, but retained her heavy gun until 1899, when she was rearmed with a single 12 cm (4.7 in) gun. She saw no action in her time serving the Regia Marina, and in 1911, she was stricken and discarded.
# Sex trafficking in Mongolia

Sex trafficking in Mongolia is human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation and slavery that occurs in the country. Mongolia is a source, transit and destination country for sexually trafficked persons.
Mongolian citizens, primarily women and girls, have been sex trafficked within Mongolia and to other countries in Asia and different continents. Foreign victims are sex trafficked into the country. Children and persons in poverty are particularly vulnerable to sex trafficking. Victims are deceived, threatened, and or forced into prostitution and their passports and other documents are often taken. Beatings and druggings are common. They suffer from physical and psychological abuse and are typically locked up or guarded. Victims tend to live in poor conditions and are forced to do unfree labour. A number contract sexually transmitted diseases from rapes without condoms. Victims are often traumatized and some commit suicide.
Male and female traffickers are often members of or facilitated by crime organizations and gangs. Mongolian traffickers have operated outside of the country in China, Macau, South Korea, and elsewhere. Family members and friends are sometimes the perpetrators.
The extent of sex trafficking in Mongolia is difficult to know because of the lack of data, underground nature of sex trafficking crimes, and other factors. The rapid growth of mining and other industries in twenty-first century Mongolia has led to an increase in sex trafficking in the country. Sex trafficked victims have been sent to businesses supporting transportation links, including coal routes, with China. The government of Mongolia has been criticized for not providing enough assistance to victims.

## China–Mongolia border

Mongolian and Chinese women and girls are sex trafficked to and through the China–Mongolia border. At the border and in the Gobi Desert are global mining sector and other heavy industry operations with large workforces of isolated men. These sites, including the ones in Tavan Tolgoi coal deposits, have been a focal point for prostitution and sex trafficking.

## Non-governmental organizations

The Human Security Policy Studies Centre, headquartered in Ulaanbaatar, fights against sex trafficking in Mongolia.
Talita Mongolia conducts anti-sex trafficking efforts in Mongolia.
The Mongolian Gender Equality Center provides rehabilitative assistance to sex trafficked victims.
Lantuun Dohio NGO fights against human trafficking and child abuse.
# Carniadactylus

Carniadactylus is a genus of pterosaur which existed in Europe during the Late Triassic period (Norian stage, about 217-213 million years ago). The genus contains a single species, Carniadactylus rosenfeldi.

## Description

Carniadactylus was similar in appearance and anatomy to its close relative Eudimorphodon, though it was significantly smaller. Like Eudimorphodon, it is notable for its complex multi-cusped teeth. Despite their similarities, the size difference between these two pterosaurs likely meant that they occupied different niches and relied on different food sources. This is supported by studies of their teeth. While similar in construction, the teeth of Carniadactylus show little to no wear, unlike the larger, fish-eating Eudimorphodon, which may have been able to chew its food. The smaller Carniadactylus probably fed on smaller, soft-bodied prey like worms and insect larvae.

## Classification

In 1995 the Italian paleontologist Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia named a new species of the genus Eudimorphodon: E. rosenfeldi. The specific name honors the finder Corrado Rosenfeld. The holotype was MFSN 1797, a partial fossil skeleton with parts of the skull and lower jaws, but lacking the tail, found near Udine.
It soon became clear however, that in cladistic analyses E. rosenfeldi was not the sister taxon of the type species of Eudimorphodon: E. ranzii. This made, dependent on the precise analysis, the genus paraphyletic or polyphyletic.
To avoid this Dalla Vecchia in 2009 created the new genus Carniadactylus. The type species is Carniadactylus rosenfeldi. The genus name is derived from Carnia, the name of the region the fossil was found, and Greek daktylos, "finger", a reference to the wing finger typical of pterosaurs. A second specimen, MPUM 6009, is the paratype, consisting of an almost complete skeleton that however has been largely preserved as an impression only. It is a third shorter than the holotype, that itself indicated a wingspan of about seventy centimetres. The disparity was by Dalla Vecchia explained as intraspecific variability. In 2015, Alexander Kellner named a separate genus for MPUM 6009: Bergamodactylus. Dalla Vecchia however, retained MPUM 6009 within the taxon Carniadactylus rosenfeldi in 2018.
According to earlier analyses by Alexander Kellner, Carniadactylus was thought to be related to Peteinosaurus within the Dimorphodontidae. David Unwin later placed it into the Campylognathoididae. This was supported by an analysis by Dalla Vecchia that showed Carniadactylus as the sister taxon of Caviramus. However, a more thorough phylogenetic analysis by Andres & Myers in 2013 supported the original interpretation of Carniadactylus as the sister taxon to the type species of Eudimorphodon, and they reclassified it within that genus. The following phylogenetic analysis follows the topology of Upchurch et al. (2015).
In 2020 however, a study upheld by Matthew G. Baron about early pterosaur interrelationships found Carniadactylus to group with Caviramus, Raeticodactylus, and the Austriadraconidae, which in turn were within a clade called Caviramidae.
# Charles "Bobo" Shaw

Charles Wesley "Bobo" Shaw (September 5, 1947 – January 16, 2017) was an American free jazz drummer, known as a prominent member of the Human Arts Ensemble and Black Artists Group. He was born in Pope, Mississippi, United States.
Charles "Bobo" Shaw joined the American Woodsman Drummer bugle corp in 1953 and also played with the Tom Powel Post American Legion #77. Shaw also learned trombone and bass growing up, and studied drums under Joe Charles and Elijah Shaw. "Bobo" also studied with Rich O'Donnel and Bernnie Snyder of the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra. He also was a founding member of the Black Artists Group, a St. Louis, Missouri, ensemble, in the 1960s; during that decade he also played with Lester Bowie, Frank Lowe, Hamiett Bluiett, and Oliver Lake. He moved to Europe later in the 1960s and played in Paris with Anthony Braxton, Steve Lacy, Frank Wright, Alan Silva, Michel Portal, Cecil Taylor, and Frank Lowe.
After returning to St. Louis, he played with Lake again in 1971 and then in the 1970s led the Human Arts Ensemble, playing with Lester Bowie, Joseph Bowie, Julius Hemphill, David Murray and Lake again. He played with Billy Bang in the 1980s, and experimented with incorporating new wave and funk music into his improvisational jam sessions at venues in New York City.
Charles was a long time resident of Garfield Apartments, a part of Peter & Paul Community Service in St Louis, Missouri. He was placed into a nursing care center in December 2016 due to his failing health. Shaw died on January 16, 2017, at the age of 69.

## Discography
### As leader

* Red, Black & Green (Universal Justice Records, 1972; Eremite, 2008) with Solidarity Unit, Inc.
* Junk Trap (Black Saint, 1978)
* Concere Ntasiah (Universal Justice, 1978)
* Streets of St. Louis (Moers Music, 1978)
* Bugle Boy Bop (Muse, 1983)

### As sideman

* Billy Bang, The Fire from Within (Soul Note, 1985)
* Black Artists Group, In Paris, Aries 1973 (self-released, 1973; reissued by Aguirre, 2018)
* Joseph Bowie, Luther Thomas, I Can't Figure Out (Whatcha Doin' to Me) (Moers Music, 1979)
* Lester Bowie, Fast Last! (Muse, 1974)
* Lester Bowie, Rope-A-Dope (Muse, 1976)
* Anthony Braxton, Quintet (Basel) 1977 (hatOLOGY, 2001)
* Anthony Braxton, Orchestra (Paris) 1978 (Braxton Bootleg, 2011)
* Anthony Braxton, Quintet (Moers) 1977 05.30 (Braxton Bootleg, 2013)
* Defunkt, Defunkt (Hannibal, 1980)
* Human Arts Ensemble, Whisper of Dharma (Universal Justice, 1972)
* Human Arts Ensemble, The Human Arts Ensemble Live (Circle, 1978)
* Leroy Jenkins/Jazz Composer's Orchestra, For Players Only (JCOA, 1975)
* Oliver Lake, Heavy Spirits (Arista/Freedom, 1975)
* Oliver Lake, Ntu: Point from Which Creation Begins (Arista/Freedom, 1976)
* Frank Lowe, Fresh (Arista/Freedom, 1975)
* Frank Lowe, The Flam (Black Saint, 1976)
* Juma Sultan's Aboriginal Music Society, Father of Origin (Eremite, 2011) recorded in 1970–1971
* Luther Thomas, Funky Donkey Vol. 1 (Creative Consciousness, 1977)
* Luther Thomas, Banana (The Lost Session, St. Louis, 1973) (Atavistic, 2001)
# Arthur St Leger, 1st Viscount Doneraile

Arthur St Leger, 1st Viscount Doneraile (died 7 July 1727) was an Anglo-Irish politician and peer.

## Biography

St Leger was the son of John St. Leger and his first wife Lady Mary Chichester, the daughter of the 1st Earl of Donegall and his first wife, Dorcas Hill. He was a descendant of Sir Anthony St Leger. Sir John St Leger, Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland), was his half-brother, the son of his father's second marriage to Aphra Harflete, an heiress from Ash in Kent. John, who was not highly regarded as a lawyer, was said to have owed his success largely to his brother's support, and the two were close throughout their lives.
St Leger represented Doneraile in the Irish House of Commons from 1692 to 1693. On 23 June 1703 he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Viscount Doneraile and Baron Kilmayden. In 1715, he was invested as a member of the Privy Council of Ireland.
His most noted contribution to public life was during the debate in the Irish House of Lords on the much-debated case of Sherlock v Annesley in 1719. The Barons of the Court of Exchequer, including Doneraile's brother John, had given effect to a decree of the British House of Lords, ignoring a contrary decree of the Irish House. The Irish peers, infuriated by this challenge to their authority, summoned the judges to appear before them and after a short, ill-tempered hearing committed them to prison for three months. The only peers to vote against committing the judges were Doneraile and the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Lord Midleton. While the Lord Chancellor was concerned at the political implications of the Lords' conduct, warning rightly that the House was at risk of losing its judicial powers altogether, Doneraile seems to have been moved by simple family loyalty, as he and his brother were close.
He married Elizabeth Hayes, the daughter of John Hayes and Mehitabel Ottrington, on 24 June 1690. Elizabeth brought him substantial estates in County Waterford, which she inherited from her maternal grandfather. Together they had four children. Both of his two surviving sons would, in turn, succeed to his titles. A third son, John, was killed in a duel by the future judge Arthur Blennerhassett in 1741. His daughter Elizabeth Aldworth achieved fame as "The Lady Freemason", and was also the progenitor of the Viscounts Doneraile of the second creation.
# Birthmark (album)

Birthmark is an album by Danish jazz saxophonist Lotte Anker with two Portuguese members of the RED Trio, pianist Rodrigo Pinheiro and double bassist Hernani Faustino. Anker played at Lisbon in 2012 with Fred Frith and Ikue Mori, and Pinheiro invited her to play on this record session. The album was released on the Portuguese Clean Feed label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
| The Free Jazz Collective | |
In a review for All About Jazz, Mark Corroto states "Anker's command of her instruments (soprano, alto, and tenor saxophones) is exceptional. She has the full complement of sounds from overblowing to growls and at times, ineffable beauty."
The Free Jazz Collective's Stef Gijssels awarded the album a full 5 stars, and wrote: "when Danish saxophonist Lotte Anker teams up with Portuguese pianist Rodrigo Pinheiro and bassist Hernani Faustino from RED Trio, you can bet that magic is the air. And yes, they deliver the goods... Intensity, lyricism, sensitivity and character guaranteed."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Anker/Pinheiro/Faustino
* "Rise" – 8:45
* "Upper Bound" – 4:39
* "Daytime Song" – 7:54
* "Golden Spiral" – 13:59
* "Theorem" – 7:16
* "Dual" – 10:21
* "Voices" – 10:27

## Personnel

* Lotte Anker – soprano sax, alto sax, tenor sax,
* Rodrigo Pinheiro – piano
* Hernani Faustino - double bass
# Tommyland: The Ride

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| About.com | |
| Allmusic | link |
| PopMatters | link |
| Rolling Stone | link |
| Starpulse.com | |
Tommyland: The Ride is the second solo album by the Mötley Crüe drummer Tommy Lee. It was released in 2005 on TL Education Services Inc.

## Background

Tommyland: The Ride was released in conjunction with Lee's book of the same name, as well as his then new reality television series Tommy Lee Goes to College, which premiered a week after the album was released. The album features tracks from the show. Among these is the first single "Tryin to Be Me" and the second single "Good Times", which is the theme song for the series. The first three singles: "Tryin to Be Me", "Good Times" and "Hello Again" all featured Music videos.
Several other musicians also make guest appearances, including Butch Walker on "Good Times", Chad Kroeger on the first single "Tryin to Be Me", and Nick Carter on "Say Goodbye".

## Personnel

* Tommy Lee — drums, producer, vocals, background vocals
* Scott Humphrey — guitar, keyboards, mixing, producer
* Andrew McMahon — piano, vocals
* Phil X — lead guitar, background vocals
* Deryck Whibley - guitar
* Dave Navarro — lead guitar
* Nick Lashley — guitar
* Carl Bell — lead guitar
* Bobby "Raw" Anderson — guitar
* Chad Kroeger — guitar
* Tim Dawson — guitar
* Chris Chaney — bass guitar
* Patrick Warren — keyboards
* Carla Kihlstedt — violin
* Matt Sorum — background vocals
* Joel Madden - co lead vocals on "Tired"
* Butch Walker - vocals, guitar, bass
* Will Campagna - guitar
* Tommy Mac - bass guitar
* Earl Crispin -vocals/backing vocals, guitar, drums
* Randy Staub — mixing
* Tom Baker — mastering
* Chris Baseford — engineer

## Charts

| Chart (2005–2006) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 94 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 37 |
| US Billboard 200 | 62 |
| Year | Single | Chart | Position |
| 2005 | "Tryin to Be Me" | Mainstream Rock Tracks | 26 |
| 2005 | "Good Times" | Billboard Hot 100 | 95 |