OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Midland Region, Ireland

The Midland Region (coded IE063) is a NUTS Level III statistical region of Ireland. It consists of the territory of the counties of Laois, Offaly, Westmeath and Longford. The Midland Region spans 6,652 km$^2$, 9.5% of the total area of the state and, according to the 2022 census, had a population of 317,999.
Before 2014, the region was governed by the Midland Regional Authority. The Authority was abolished in 2014. Midland now exists as a strategic planning area within the Eastern and Midland Region. The NUTS regions are used for statistical reporting to Eurostat, while the Regional Assemblies are responsible for planning at a local government level.
The Midland Region is also a tourist destination due to its natural environment which includes lakes, waterways and canals, as well as a history, heritage and culture which dates from early Christian times.

## Midland Regional Authority

The Midland Region was administered by the Midland Regional Authority, which consisted of 24 elected representatives including the region's representative on the EU Committee of the Regions. These representatives met once a month and were nominated from the four local government councils of the region:
* Laois County Council
* Longford County Council
* Offaly County Council
* Westmeath County Council
The Regional Authorities were dissolved in 2014 and were replaced by Regional Assemblies.

## Demography

According to the 2022 census, the region had a population of 317,999, which constitutes 6.17% of the national population. Its population density was 47.8 persons per km$^2$.
The region has a growing dependency ratio which is stated as having implications on health care, the types of housing needed as well as care for the elderly.

## Economy

The most significant industry in the Midland Region is the peat industry, as well as wood processing. Its wood processing industry now accounts for over one-third of the total processed timber produced in Ireland. Other strong industries include medicine, healthcare, engineering and chemical. It also has some very successful food and drink producers.
According to Eurostat figures for 2012, the region has GDP of €5.765 bn and a GDP per capita of €20,100 the lowest in the Republic.
The workforce of the region in 2015 was 114,000, which equated to an 87.6% employment rate.
In 2017 the largest employment sectors in the Midland Region were:
* Wholesale & retail trade 16%
* Manufacturing industries 12%
* Health & social work 11%
* Education 9%
* Public administration & defence 8%
* Agriculture 8%

## Major settlements

A list of the ten largest settlements in the Midland Region. County capitals are included and are shown in bold.
Towns :
| Rank | Town | County | Population (2022 census) |
| 1 | Portlaoise | Laois | 23,494 |
| 2 | Athlone | Westmeath | 22,869 |
| 3 | Mullingar | Westmeath | 22,667 |
| 4 | Tullamore | Offaly | 15,598 |
| 5 | Longford | Longford | 10,952 |
| 6 | Portarlington | Laois/Offaly | 9,288 |
| 7 | Edenderry | Offaly | 7,888 |
| 8 | Mountmellick | Laois | 4,905 |
| 9 | Birr | Offaly | 4,726 |
| 10 | Clara | Offaly | 3,403 |
# Taisei Gakuin University

Taisei Gakuin University (太成学院大学, Taisei gakuin daigaku) is a private university in Sakai, Osaka, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1916, and it was chartered as a junior college in 1987. The school became a four-year college in 1998 and adopted the present name in 2003.
# Vimpelles

Vimpelles (French: ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
The 19th-century French hellenist, byzantinist, historian, papyrologist, translator and academician Wladimir Brunet de Presle (1809–1875) died in Vimpelles (then Parouzeau).

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Vimpelles are called Vimpellois.
# Operation Free

Operation Free is a coalition of veterans and national security organizations founded in August 2009 by the Truman National Security Project, The National Security Initiative, VoteVets.org, and VetPAC. Operation Free, in collaboration with other organizations, works to raise awareness, among policymakers and the public, of the national security threat posed by climate change and the United States' reliance on oil.

## Activities

In the Fall of 2009, with Alexander Cornell du Houx in charge, Operation Free launched a 29-state bus tour designed to give veterans the opportunity to talk directly to the American people about how climate change is "undermining our safety and why we need to pass clean energy and climate legislation as quickly as possible." In September 2009, Operation Free flew in 150 veterans to attend the White House Administration's Clean Energy Briefing. These veterans met with 26 US Senators and/or Staff to discuss the national security threats of climate change and America's current energy posture. In February 2010, Operation Free hosted a similar event in which it flew 80 veterans into Washington DC to meet with policymakers and members of the press.
On September 20, 2010, Operation Free announced its sponsorship of race car driver Leilani Munter, who is also a clean energy advocate and environmental activist. On September 30, Leilani’s car (#59) which featured Operation Free’s logo, drove in the ARCA Series Kansas Lottery 150 race at the Kansas Speedway. Sturman Industries cosponsored Leilani in an effort to promote its "Powered By Sturman" American engine modifications that "address national energy and security needs by using technology to transform engine efficiency and facilitate the nations’ effort to replace foreign oil with alternative American fuels"."

## Controversy

The group has been criticized by Republican representative Daryl Metcalfe for "lending their name, to promote the leftist propaganda of global warming and climate change..." Metcalfe, of Pennsylvania, called any veteran who participated with Operation Free a "traitor to the oath he or she took to defend the Constitution." The group responded with a radio ad campaign calling for Metcalfe's resignation.
# Biocrypta prospiciens

Biocrypta prospiciens is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is found in North America.
# Trapp mixture

The Trapp mixture is a specific mixture of organic solvents that allows chemical reactions to take place at very low temperatures. It is made up of THF:diethyl ether:pentane in a 4:4:1 ratio which remains liquid down to −110 °C and the same solvents in a 4:1:1 ratio remain a liquid down to −120 °C. This solvent system retains a low viscosity until just before freezing and it allows a lower temperature reaction than pure THF, which melts at −108.4 °C. An illustrative application of Trapp solvent is the preparation of vinyllithium by lithium halogen exchange from vinyl bromide and tert-butyllithium. The low temperatures suppress the reaction of the strongly basic organolithium reagent with the THF.
# Tongoa language

Tongoa may be:
* Namakura language
* North Efate language
Cf. Tangoa language
# NGC 69

NGC 69 is a barred lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It is a member of the NGC 68 group. It was discovered in 1855 by R. J. Mitchell, who described it as "extremely faint, very small, round."
# The Lone Chance

The Lone Chance was a 1924 silent American drama film directed by Howard M. Mitchell and starring Evelyn Brent. The film is now considered lost.

## Cast

* John Gilbert as Jack Saunders
* Evelyn Brent as Margaret West
* John Miljan as Lew Brody
* Edwin Booth Tilton as Governor
* Harry Todd as Burke
* Frank Beal as Warden
# Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Immaculate Conception (Lafayette, Indiana)

The Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Immaculate Conception is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lafayette in Indiana. It is located at 1207 Columbia Street in Lafayette, Indiana. It is also a contributing property in the St. Mary Historic District.

## History

The congregation began in 1843 when a small group of Irish Catholic families in the area met for Mass in rented space. By the following year, they raised enough money to construct their own building. The brick Church of Sts. Mary and Martha stood at the intersection of Fifth and Brown Streets and was completed in 1846. In 1850, a school was constructed on adjacent land which came under the administration of the Oblate Sisters of Providence in 1858.
In 1860, parishioner Lawrence Stockton donated a plot of land on Columbia Street to the Reverend Edmund Kilroy for construction of a church, rectory, and school. Preliminary work began shortly thereafter, but stopped when the Civil War began in April 1861.
The Reverend George Hamilton replaced Father Kilroy as pastor and oversaw completion of construction. The Gothic-style church was dedicated August 15, 1866. The central tower rises to a height of 170 feet (52 m). The interior is divided into three naves by columns. The frescos and the stained glass windows were installed in 1887. The exterior was originally brick, but it was covered in 1904 with concrete to resemble stone. That same year, the front staircase and the balustrade were also completed.
In 1944, the Diocese of Lafayette-in-Indiana was created by dividing the Diocese of Fort Wayne and St. Mary's Church was chosen as the cathedral for the new diocese. The cathedral has undergone a number of changes including an interior redecoration and addition of a social hall in 2001.
# Tai Yuen Hi-Tech Industrial Park

The Tai Yuen Hi-Tech Industrial Park (traditional Chinese: 台元科技園區; simplified Chinese: 台元科技园区; pinyin: Táiyuán Kējì Yuánqū) is an industrial park in Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, Taiwan.

## History

The industrial park was opened in July 2001.

## Transportation

The industrial park is accessible within walking distance east of Zhubei Station of Taiwan Railways.
# Chen Chuangtian

Chen Chuangtian (Chinese: 陈创天; 18 February 1937 – 31 October 2018), also known as Chuang-Tian Chen, was a Chinese materials scientist and physical chemist who specialized in crystals used in lasers. He discovered the nonlinear optical crystals BBO, LBO and KBBF, which have important uses in areas including superconductor research, semiconductor photolithography, and the medical industry. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the TWAS Prize in Chemistry, the State Technological Invention Award (First Class), and the Laudise Prize.

## Biography

Chen was born on 18 February 1937 in Fenghua, Zhejiang, China. He studied at Shenyang No. 2 High School, and was accepted by the Department of Physics of Peking University in August 1956. After graduating in 1962, he entered the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter in Fuzhou on the recommendation of Hu Ning, and studied under physical chemist Lu Jiaxi for three years.
In 1965, Chen chose nonlinear optical materials as his research direction and spent the next two years calculating the nonlinear optical coefficients of many crystals. In the late 1970s and the 1980s, Chen and his team discovered the new nonlinear optical crystals BaB$_2$O$_4$ (BBO) and LiB$_3$O$_5$ (LBO).
In 1988, Chen and his team began searching for optical compounds that could produce shorter ultraviolet wavelengths. After researching hundreds of compounds, they discovered potassium beryllium fluoroborate (KBBF), a nonlinear optical crystal which is capable of generating light within a very narrow bandwidth, with wavelengths of less than 200 nanometers. The crystal is important in superconductor research and can allow the replacement of excimer laser with solid-state ones in photolithography used in the semiconductor and the medical industries. Until at least 2009, Chen's laboratory at the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter was the only place in the world that could produce KBBF. In 2013, Chen and his colleague Xu Zuyan [zh] invented the DUV-DPL device (deep ultraviolet diode-pumped solid-state laser), with a wavelength of only 177.3 nm.
Chen died on 31 October 2018 in Beijing, at the age of 81.

## Honors and recognition

Chen was elected a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences in 1990 and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003.
Chen was awarded the 1987 TWAS Prize in Chemistry, "for his outstanding contribution to the development of new nonlinear optical materials, the formulation of a quantum chemical theory that guides the search for such materials and the discovery of beta barium borate and lithium triborate". He won a Special Prize of the Science and Technology Progress Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1986 for his discovery of BBO and the State Technological Invention Award (First Class) in 1991 for LBO. In 2013, he was awarded the Laudise Prize by the International Organization for Crystal Growth.
# Lewellyn

Lewellyn may refer to:
* Lewellyn Park, a public park in Troutdale, Oregon, United States
* Lewellyn Christensen (1909–1984), American ballet dancer, choreographer and director
# Trial Without Jury

Trial Without Jury is a 1950 American mystery film directed by Philip Ford and starring Robert Rockwell, Barbra Fuller and Kent Taylor.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Frank Hotaling.

## Cast

* Robert Rockwell as Police Lt. Bill Peters
* Barbra Fuller as Corinne Hollister
* Kent Taylor as Jed Kilgore
* Audrey Long as Myra Peters
* K. Elmo Lowe as John Webb
* Stanley Waxman as Arthur Gentry
* John Whitney as Riley Wentworth
* Barbara Billingsley as Rheta Mulford
* Ruthelma Stevens as Mrs. Mannings
* William Grueneberg as Detective Turner
* Christine Larson as Bernice Andrews - Myra's Secretary
* James Craven as Producer
* William Haade as Kennedy - Truck Driver
* Bill Baldwin as Parkson - Airport Ticket Agent
* Theodore von Eltz as Philip Mannings
* Sidney Marion as Shuffalong
# Museo di Roma

The Museo di Roma is a museum in Rome, Italy, part of the network of Roman civic museums. The museum was founded in the Fascist era with the aim of documenting the local history and traditions of the "old Rome" that was rapidly disappearing, but following many donations and acquisitions of works of art is now principally an art museum. The collections initially included 120 water-colours by the nineteenth-century painter Ettore Roesler Franz of Roma sparita, "vanished Rome", later moved to the Museo di Roma in Trastevere.

## History

The museum was founded by the art historian Antonio Muñoz [it], who was director of the Antichità e Belle Arti ("antiquities and fine arts department") of the government of Rome. It was the first civic museum of the city.$^{:190}$ It was housed in the Pastificio Pantanella [it], a large former pasta factory in Piazza Bocca della Verità, overlooking the Circo Massimo in the via dei Cerchi, in the Ripa rione of the city. The factory building also housed the Museo dell'Impero Romano, and was renamed "Palazzo dei Musei". The Museo di Roma opened on 21 April 1930; Muñoz was its first director. When the Second World War began in 1939, the museum closed.
The museum re-opened only in 1952, in a new political climate and in a new location at Palazzo Braschi, a Neoclassical palace near Piazza Navona, built in the early years of the nineteenth century by Luigi Braschi Onesti, which since 1949 had already housed the new Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna.$^{:210}$

## Collections

The collection of the museum was at first intended only to illustrate and document the past.$^{:209}$ Thanks to numerous bequests, donations and acquisitions – among them a collection of some 5000 drawings, engravings and old illustrated books belonging to Antonio Muñoz – the holdings of the museum now include many works of art, and it has become primarily an art museum. Artists represented include Pompeo Batoni, Giuseppe Bottani, Ippolito Caffi, Antonio Canova, Giuseppe Ceracchi, Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari, Lievin Cruyl, Felice Giani, Pietro Labruzzi, Francesco Mochi, Giovanni Paolo Panini, Bartolomeo Pinelli, Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Joshua Reynolds and Nicola Salvi (designer of the Trevi Fountain).
# Treasurer of Calais

The town of Calais, France, was in English hands from 1347 to 1558. During this historical period the task of the treasurer, in conjunction with the Captain of Calais, was keeping the defences in order, supplying victuals and paying the garrison. The treasurer was responsible for raising revenue from the Company of the Staple of Calais, which was required to contribute towards the expenses of defence.
The treasurer was a trusty servant of the Crown, which fostered the respect accorded to him by the garrison and officials as well as by those required to pay taxes to him, namely, merchants and burgesses. He acted on rare occasions as the delegate of the garrison in applying for their arrears of wages. The detailed functions of the treasurer remain unknown, but included the general supervision of the royal finances at Calais. He also was responsible for the letting of certain lands, and was empowered in conjunction with the captain to make appointments to unoccupied posts. The treasurer was a post of honour and several holders went on to hold great offices of state on their return to England, for example Sir Edward Wotton was nominated Administrator of the Kingdom during the minority of King Edward VI.

## List of treasurers of Calais

* Thomas de Brantingham, 1361–1368
* Sir William Armyn, 1385
* Roger Walden, 1387
* Robert Folkingham (died 1394), 1393–1394
* Richard Selby (died by November 1450), 1394-
* Thomas Stanley, prior to 1401
* John Bernard, prior to 1401
* Robert Thorley March 1403 – October 1404
* Thomas Neville, 5th. Baron Furnivall (died 1407), 1404–1406
* Robert Thorley, Easter 1406 – March 1407
* John de Langton, 1442–1445
* Sir Richard Vernon (1391- ), 1444–1450 (Resigned in favour of son Sir William Vernon)
* Sir William Vernon (1418–1467), 1450- (Succeeded father Sir Richard Vernon as Treasurer)
* Gervase Clifton, 1450–1460
* Sir Thomas Blount, -1459
* Walter Blount, 1st Baron Mountjoy (died 1474) 1460–1461 (Succeeded his father, Sir Thomas Blount, as treasurer of Calais in 1460, becoming governor a year later)
* William Slyfield, 1481–1485 (of Slyfield Manor, Great Bookham, Surrey)
* Thomas Thwaites (died 1503), 1483–1490
* Sir Richard Nanfant, temp. Henry VII
* Sir John Turberville (Turbrevyle, Turbervyle, Trobeville, et al.), temp. Henry VII
* Sir Hugh Conway, 1504–1517
* William Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys, July 1523
* Sir Richard Weston (died 1541), 1525–1528
* Sir Edward Wotton (1489–1551), 1540–1547 (Brother of Nicholas Wotton (died 1567)
* Sir Maurice Denys (died 1563), December 1548 – August 1553
* Sir Thomas Cornwallis, last Treasurer of Calais, April 1554 – December 1557.
# Yellow-spotted bush sparrow

The yellow-spotted bush sparrow or yellow-spotted petronia (Gymnoris pyrgita) is a species of bird in the sparrow family, Passeridae.
It is common throughout the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. Its natural habitats are dry savannah and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.
# Beetle (disambiguation)

A beetle is an insect belonging to the order Coleoptera.
Beetle or The Beetle may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Beetle (comics), the alias of a number of characters in Marvel Comics
* Beetle (game), a British party game
* Beetle (solitaire), a card game
* the title character of Beetle Bailey, an American newspaper comic strip
* "Beetles", an alien race from The Eternaut
* The Beetle (film), a 1919 British silent film
* The Beetle (novel), an 1897 novel by Richard Marsh

## People

* Alan Ackerman Beetle (1913–2003), U.S. botanist
* Walter Bedell Smith (1895–1961), U.S. Army general nicknamed "Beetle"

## Places

* Beetle, Kentucky, United States
* Beetle Spur, Mount Patrick, Antarctica

## Transportation

* Volkswagen Beetle (made 1938–2003), or two Volkswagen models with derivative styling:
** Volkswagen New Beetle (made 1997–2010)
** Volkswagen Beetle (A5) (made from 2011)
* Beetle (JR Kyushu), a Japanese ferry service
* Beetle Cat, a boat built by Beetle, Inc.

## Other uses

* GE Beetle a mobile manipulator for nuclear material
* Beetle tank, or Goliath tracked mine, a German World War II unmanned fighting vehicle
* Alexandria Blue Anchors, or Alexandria Beetles, a former baseball team
* Beetle (ASIC), an application-specific integrated circuit
* Beetle, a large wooden mallet hammer
# Forged (play)

Forged: A Life Drama, of English and Australian Interest is a 1873 Australian stage play by Arch Murray.
The story was inspired by Bully Hayes. The play was published in 1873.
Leslie Rees commented:
   Judging from the text the play is actable, but the character of Wayes as an interesting and dominating scoundrel is insufficiently developed. In the dialogue there is competence but little charm. The characters make revolutionary decisions without warning the reader — a common fault of the inexperienced dramatist, though not to be taken too seriously in melodrama. Diana could be a more appealing heroine — if heroine she remains, for it is an Australian girl who decamps with the squatter. The play has some historical value as emphasizing the notorious fascination of The Gap for wouldbe suicides—even in 1873.
# Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations

The Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations (OFRRO) was a short-lived organization created during World War II in the United States Department of State. It existed between December 1942 and November 1943, when it was replaced by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA).

## History

The OFRRO was established in December 1942. It was one of the organizations set up to provide relief to populations suffering from the effects of the war, others being the British Committee on Surpluses, the Inter-Allied Committee on Post-War Requirements, established in September 1941 to estimate the extent of postwar needs and the Middle East Relief and Refugee Administration, which the British set up to operate refugee camps. President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced on 21 November 1942 that the OFRRO was being established with Herbert H. Lehman, the governor of New York State, as its director. Lehman took office on 4 December 1942. Roosevelt laid out the objectives in a letter of 11 December 1942, in which he wrote:
   We also have another task, which will grow in magnitude as our striking power grows, and as new territories are liberated from the enemy's crushing grip. That task is to supply medicines, food, clothing and other dire needs of those peoples who have been plundered, despoiled and starved. The Nazis and Japanese have butchered innocent men and women in a campaign of organized terror. They have stripped the lands they hold of food and other resources. They have used hunger as an instrument of the slavery they seek to impose. Our policy is the direct opposite. United Nations' forces will bring food for the starving and medicine for the sick. Every aid possible will be given to restore each of the liberated countries to soundness and strength, so that each may make its full contribution to United Nations' victory and to the peace which follows.
The OFRRO took over the Department of State staff working on relief and rehabilitation problems. It also took over leadership of five inter-departmental committees on Food Relief, Agricultural Rehabilitation, Clothing Requirements and Supply, Health and Medical Requirements and Supply and Essential Services and Industries. In 1943 Selskar Gunn of the Rockefeller Foundation was secretary of Governor Lehman's committee to organize the OFRRO, creating plans that were used in the operations of its successor, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA).

## Successor

On 17 June 1943 Lehman outlined the future tasks of the UNRRA, which the United Nations wanted to establish to organize relief, rehabilitation and supplies. On 9 November 1943 the 44 United and Associated Nations gathered at the White House to sign an agreement creating the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), which took over from the earlier organizations. Lehman was the first head of the UNNRA.