OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure

Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) is a soil sample extraction method for chemical analysis employed as an analytical method to simulate leaching through a landfill. The testing methodology is used to determine if a waste is characteristically hazardous, i.e., classified as one of the "D" listed wastes by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The extract is analyzed for substances appropriate to the protocol.

## Background

In the United States, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 led to establishment of federal standards for the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste. RCRA requires that industrial wastes and other wastes must be characterized following testing protocols published by EPA. TCLP is one of these tests.

## Application of test

The Environmental Compliance Supervisor at a typical municipal landfill (as defined by RCRA Subtitle D) uses TCLP data to determine whether a waste may be accepted into the facility. If TCLP analytical results are below the TCLP D-list maximum contamination levels (MCLs) the waste can be accepted. If they are above these levels the waste must be taken to a hazardous waste disposal facility and the cost of disposal may increase from about $50.00/ton to as much as $1200.00/ton.
As extremely contaminated material is expensive to dispose of, grading is necessary to ensure safe disposal and to avoid paying for disposal of "clean fill." The TCLP procedure is generally useful for classifying waste material for disposal options.
Spent abrasive or soil from a construction site usually needs to have a TCLP for lead done to determine where the waste goes next.

## Procedure

TCLP comprises four fundamental procedures:
* Sample preparation for leaching
* Sample leaching
* Preparation of leachate for analysis
* Leachate analysis
In the TCLP procedure the pH of the sample material is first established, and then leached with an acetic acid / sodium hydroxide solution at a 1:20 mix of sample to solvent. For example, a TCLP jug may contain 100g of sample and 2000 mL of solution. The leachate mixture is sealed in extraction vessel for general analytes, or possibly pressure sealed as in zero-headspace extractions (ZHE) for volatile organic compounds and tumbled for 18 hours to simulate an extended leaching time in the ground. It is then filtered so that only the solution (not the sample) remains and this is then analyzed.
# Parevander nobilis

Parevander nobilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1872.
# Tender (surname)

Tender is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Manuela Tender (born 1971), Portuguese teacher, politician and former member of the Assembly of the Republic
* Ovidiu Tender (born 1956), Romanian businessman
* Priit Tender (born 1971), Estonian animator and animated film director
# Ashburn (surname)

Ashburn is a surname. In England, men living near an important, named waterway might be named after it, as in the case of Ashburn originating from "ash tree brook". An alternative English origin states that Ashburn is a variant of Ashborn, which itself descended from several surnames in use during the 14th and 15th centuries.
Notable people who share this surname include:
* Cliff Ashburn (1905–1989), American football player
* George W. Ashburn (1814–1868), assassinated American politician
* Ida Nancy Ashburn (1909–1980), Australian headmistress and nurse
* Justin Ashburn (born 1981), American race car driver
* Kristen Ashburn (born 1973), American photojournalist
* Percy Moreau Ashburn (1872–1940), United States Army medical officer
* Richie Ashburn (1927–1997), American baseball player
* Roy Ashburn (born 1954), American politician
* Thomas Q. Ashburn (1820–1890), American judge
* Thomas Q. Ashburn (general) (1874–1941), United States Army officer

## Namesakes without articles

* Cecil Ashburn (1920–2012), American businessman after whom Cecil Ashburn Drive in Alabama was named
* George T. Ashburn (died 1868), American pioneer settler after whom Ashburn, Missouri was named
* W. W. Ashburn (1838–1906), American bank president after whom W. W. Ashburn House and Ashburn, Georgia were named
# Crenatosipho

Crenatosipho is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Crenatosipho include:
* Crenatosipho beaglensis Linse, 2002
# Form N-400

Form N-400 is used to apply for US citizenship through the naturalization process. Lawful permanent residents (also known as green card holders) of the United States, who meet the eligibility requirements, can file N-400 form to request citizenship. In the United States, 8.8 million Lawful Permanent Residents are eligible to naturalize.
Becoming an American citizen gives the same rights and privileges of citizenship as natural born American citizens, except one: naturalized U.S. citizens are not eligible for the Office of the President or Vice President of the United States.

## US citizenship eligibility requirements

To be able to apply for citizenship through naturalization, you have to meet the following requirements. You must:
* Be 18 years of age or above.
* Be a lawful permanent resident for 5 years (3 years if married to a US citizen).
* Have maintained continuous residence during the past 5 years (3 years if married to a US citizen).
* Have maintained physical presence during the past 5 years (3 years if married to a US citizen).
* Have good moral character.
* Have basic knowledge of English.
* Have basic knowledge of US government and history.
* Be willing to take the Oath of Allegiance.

## Content

The N-400 form is a series of questions about eligibility, personal information, marital history, children, criminal activities and the oath of allegiance to the United States. Many private sector online services are available to candidates for naturalization to help them complete the form. Sometimes a lawyer's help is required.
Filing the form costs $640 along with an $85 bio-metric fee for a total of $725, where applicable. Exceptions can be seen on the federal website.
After filing the form, the applicant undergoes an interview process with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The USCIS interview includes an English and civics test. The English test has three components: reading, writing, and speaking. The civics test covers important U.S. history and government topics.
# Occitan cuisine

Occitan cuisine is the traditional cuisine and gastronomy of Occitania, the supranational region where Occitan is traditionally spoken.

## Introduction

Occitan cuisine is a kind of Mediterranean cuisine, very close to Catalan cuisine in the west and to Italian cuisine in the east. This is due not only to the great breadth of Occitania, which goes from the Atlantic Ocean, to the South of France and to the Mediterranean Sea, but to its great geographic diversity as well, the latter whereof grants Occitan cuisine many different kinds of ingredients and dishes adapted to differing localities.
As with other Mediterranean cuisines, it has basic ingredients with strong flavors, such as garlic, olives, salted fish, olive oil and wine, but it also shares some characteristics with Atlantic cuisines, such as the use of cheese and butter. Some of its specialties are well known around the Mediterranean, where they exist in exactly the same form, otherwise with little variation — for example, bolhabaissa, alhòli, ratatolha, and pan golçat (bread with garlic), with emphasis on fines herbes. Other specialties include caçolet, pastís de treflas, aligòt, farcidures (potato and meat dumpling), freginat (fricassee of pork), clafotís, flaunharda, and garbure.
# Bliss, Please

Bliss, Please is the third studio album by the German alternative rock band Blackmail, released in 2001. The album is known for popular singles such as "Same Sane", "Ken I Die" and "A Reptile for the Saint". It also features Blackmail adopting the independent music genre through experimentation in their songs.

## Track listing

* "Data Buzz" – 2:44
* "Same Sane" (Album Version) – 3:45
* "Amelia" – 5:14
* "A Reptile for the Saint" – 5:03
* "For Shure" – 3:08
* "Emetic" – 2:54
* "By Any Method" – 4:38
* "Dee" – 0:47
* "The Small Saving Tar Pit" – 3:19
* "Frop" – 3:20
* "Ken I Die" – 4:10
* "Club 45" – 2:44
* "Sad Sauce" – 4:10
* "Permanently Temporary" – 6:22
* "Leave On" – 2:21
* "The Day The Earth Stood Still" – 6:43

## Personnel

* Aydo Abay – vocals
* Kurt Ebelhäuser – guitars, backing vocals, keyboards
* Carlos Ebelhäuser – bass
* Mario Matthias – drums

## Charts

| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 72 |
| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 46 |
# Shabnam Asthana

Shabnam Asthana is an Indian public relations expert, speaker, and entrepreneur. In 2012, she received the National Public Relations Hall of Fame award by PRCI from H. K. Dua for her contributions in the public relations field.

## Early life and education

Asthana was born in Bokaro Steel City. She earned a bachelor's degree in arts from Lady Shri Ram College in 1983 and later, she earned a master's degree in arts and also studied at Symbiosis to complete a post graduate diploma in Public Relations and Advertising. She also completed a postgraduate program in marketing management from Symbiosis, Pune.

## Career

Asthana taught English for more than 2 years at the National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla. After leaving NDA, she worked at a few private companies and also as a freelance journalist and writer for leading newspapers and magazines. She also served as a panelist and guest faculty for Institutes and Business Schools including Symbiosis, Indira, IIBM, Sinhagad, Matrix, NIILM, D.Y Patil and others.

### 2005-present

In 2005, Asthana founded Empowered Solutions. In addition to coordinating and synchronizing the functions of businesses, the company also handles public relations and draws out marketing and sales strategies for them. Her clientage includes IND TV USA, Garware Wall Ropes, Reiter, Phoenix Mecano, Premium, The Little Gym, Soukos Robots S.A, SIMC, Clover Builders, University of Pune, Funskool, NTT data and others.
In May 2017, her book, Romancing Your Career was launched by Lila Poonawalla. The book is about work experiences in the corporate world and was covered by Business Standard, DNA News, Hindustan Times, Education Times and other major media.
Asthana is often seen at conferences for entrepreneurship, public relations and women upliftment including National Summit on Startups and Women Entrepreneurship, Eurasian Economic Congress, Indian Russian Dialogue, CSR Panel Discussion, Indian Achievers' Forum's Webinar and Ahmadiya Muslim Community Conference. As of June 2020, she also writes on the Thrive Global platform.

## Accolades

She received the Hall of Fame award at Mumbai from The PRCI for her contributions in the public relations industry in 2012. Asthana was the first Indian to be invited at 2012 PRSSA 2012 National Conference in San Francisco. She received the Times Power Women 2017 award for Global PR from The Times Group in January 2018.
In September 2018, she received Times Power Woman 2018 award from The Times of India Group. Next month, Asthana received the Mahatma Gandhi Samman at the House of Commons in London and 2018 Pune Best Brand Awards. In April 2019, Asthana was conferred an honorary doctorate by National American University.
# Torres Médicas Angelópolis

Torres Médicas Angelópolis is a private medical center which opened in 2018 on the southwest edge of the Puebla metropolitan area. It is located next to MAC Hospital which opened a short time earlier.
As of 2018, it was the largest medical construction project in the state of Puebla. According to director Javier de Lope Francés, the complex has 528 doctors’ offices, hospital facilities which total over 9000 m2 as well as a commercial area with fast food, banks, restaurants, a pharmacy, gymnasium and more.
The complex was inaugurated in February 2018, while parts were still under construction. That same month, there was a small fire started in a trash bin, but no injuries.
# TJ High School

TJ High School may refer to:
* Any school named Thomas Jefferson High School
* Governor Thomas Johnson High School, Frederick, Maryland
# Paprat

Paprat is a village in Dzhebel Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.

## Honours

Paprat Peak on Brabant Island, Antarctica is named after the village.
# Ascalaphinae

Ascalaphinae is the type subfamily of the neuropteran owlfly family. Most species are found in the tropics. Their characteristic apomorphy , shared with the Ululodinae, is the ridge which divides each of their large compound eyes; both groups are thus sometimes known as split-eyed owlflies.
Like the other owlflies, they are insectivores. Imagines are cumbersome fliers and lack the strong mouthparts of dragonflies (which owlflies resemble at first glance, despite being not at all closely related insects) or other decidedly predatory insects, they are restricted to small and defenseless prey. The larvae on the other hand resemble antlions in appearance and habits and are voracious ambush predators, able to tackle prey like ants that will not be eaten without a struggle.
The ascalaphine split-eyed owlflies form one of the two main lineages of living Ascalaphidae, the other being the Haplogleniinae which have unsplit eyes like their ancestors. The first fossil record of the Ascalaphinae dates to the Miocene, and the subfamily thus probably evolved in the latter half or towards the end of the Paleogene.

## Genera

* Abascalaphus Tjeder & Hansson, 1992
* Acheron (insect) Lefèbvre 1842
* Acmonotus McLachlan, 1871
* Agadirius Badano & Pantaleoni, 2012
* Agrionosoma van der Weele, 1909
* Angolania Koçak & Kemal, 2008
* Angustacsa New, 1984
* Ascalaphodes McLachlan, 1871
* Ascalaphus Fabricius, 1775
* Ascalohybris Sziráki, 1998
* Ascapseudoptynx Abrahám & Mészáros, 2006
* Aspoeckiella Hölzel 2004
* Botjederinus Abrahám, 2011
* Brevibarbis Tjeder & Hansson, 1992
* Bubomyiella Tjeder & Hansson, 1992
* Bubopsis McLachlan 1898
* Cirrops Tjeder 1980
* Deleproctophylla Lefèbvrem 1842
* Dentalacsa New, 1984
* Dicolpus Gerstaecker, 1885
* Disparomitus van der Weele, 1909
* Dixonotus Kimmins, 1950
* Dorsomitus Michel & Tjeder, 2018
* Encyoposis McLachlan 1871
* Encyopsidius Navás 1912
* Eremoides Tjeder 1992
* Farakosius Michel 1998
* Fillus Navás 1919
* Forcepacsa New 1984
* Glyptobasis McLachlan 1871
* Helcopteryx McLachlan 1871
* Horischema Mészáros & Abrahám, 2003
* Kimulodes Tjeder & Hansson 1992
* Libelloides Schäffer 1763
* Lobalacsa New 1984
* Mabiza Tjeder & Hansson 1992
* Maezous Ábrahám 2008
* Mansellacsa Hölzel 2004
* Megacmonotus New 1984
* Nagacta Navás 1914
* Nanomitus Navás 1912
* Nephelasca Navás 1914
* Nephoneura McLachlan 1871
* Nousera Navás 1923
* Ogcogaster Westwood 1847
* Parascalaphus Martynova 1926
* Parasuphalomitus New 1984
* Perissoschema Mészáros & Abrahám 2003
* Phalascusa Kolbe 1897
* Pictacsa New 1984
* Pilacmonotus New 1984
* Proctarrelabis Lefèbvre 1842
* Protacheron Weele 1909
* Protidricerus Weele 1909
* Protobubopsis van der Weele 1909
* Pseudencyoposis van der Weele, 1909
* Pseudodisparomitus New 1984
* Pseudohybris van der Weele 1909
* Pseudoproctarrelabris van der Weele 1909
* Puer (insect) Lefèbvre 1842
* Siphlocerus McLachlan 1871
* Stephanolasca van der Weele 1909
* Strixomyia Tjeder 1989
* Stylascalaphus Sziráki 1998
* Suhpalacsa Lefèbvre, 1842
* Suphalomitus van der Weele 1909
* Tytomyia Tjeder & Hansson 1992
* Ululomyia Tjeder 1992
* Umbracsa New 1984
* Venacsa New 1984
# Totties

53°34′12″N 1°45′47″W﻿ / ﻿53.570°N 1.763°W﻿ / 53.570; -1.763 Totties is a hamlet between New Mill and Scholes near Holmfirth in West Yorkshire, England.
Although it consists of no more than 70–80 houses, it has within the hamlet three plant and tree nurseries, an egg production facility, and a chicken farm, plus two local football pitches.
# For the Learning of Mathematics

For the Learning of Mathematics is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering mathematics education. It was established in 1981 by David Wheeler.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* EBSCO databases
* Education Resources Information Center
* Index Islamicus
* ProQuest databases
* Scopus

## Reception

In 2012, a survey of researchers in the field ranked the journal with an A (the second highest ranking, below A*). In 2017, another ranking of journals placed it in the top tier. At the same time, the high ranking in both of these reviews was questioned, suggesting that the journal more properly belongs in the mid-tier.

## Editors-in-chief

The following persons are or have been editor-in-chief:
* David Wheeler (1981–1996)
* David Pimm (1997–2002)
* Laurinda Brown (2003–2007)
* Brent Davis (2008–2010)
* Richard Barwell (2011–2016)
* David Reid (2017–present)
# Oeneis mongolica

Oeneis mongolica is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Charles Oberthür in 1876. It is found in China, Mongolia and Korea.

## Subspecies

* Oeneis mongolica mongolica (north-eastern China, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning)
* Oeneis mongolica coreana Matsumura, 1927 (North Korea)
* Oeneis mongolica hallasanensis Murayama, 1991 (Korea: Cheju-do Island)
* Oeneis mongolica hoenei Gross, 1970 (northern China: Shanxi)
* Oeneis mongolica walkyria Fixsen, 1887 (central Korea)
# Miconia tephrodes

Miconia tephrodes is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
# Torres Europa

Torre Europa (Torres Europa) - generally, is the name of five skyscrapers of complex buildings in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (suburb of Barcelona), Spain, with numbers from 1 to 5. However, the Torre Europa 1 has name of Torre Inbisa, the Torre Europa 2 has name of Torre Zenit and both these towers are over 100 meters tall. Other buildings is Torre Europa 3, Torre Europa 4 and Torre Europa 5. Torre Europa 3, 4, 5 has 19 floors and rises 75 meters. All these towers are lies on Plaza de Europa.
# TJ Holmes (athlete)

Timothy Lamont "TJ" Holmes (born July 2, 1995) is an American male track and field athlete who specializes in the 400-meter hurdles.
Born in St. Petersburg, Florida he attended Lakewood High School and took up hurdling while there. He went on to attend Baylor University, studying sports medicine.
He transferred to University of Florida for the start of the 2014/15 academic year back to his home state and joined the Florida Gators track and field. While at Baylor he was an NCAA finalist in the 400m hurdles and the 4 × 400-meter relay. Holmes also received a bronze medal at the 2014 World Junior Championships held in Eugene, Oregon. At Florida, he completed a hurdles 1–2 at the 2016 NCAA Outdoor Championships behind teammate Eric Futch.
Third place at the 2017 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships led to his global senior debut at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics, where he finished in fifth place in a time of 49.00 seconds.
In 2018, Holmes made his debut on the professional circuit (placing 4th in each Diamond League race), which qualified him to compete in the Diamond League Final. Due to injury, he finished last and discontinued the rest of his season. After an amazing 2018 season, Holmes was ranked #1 in the U.S and #6 in the World, according to Track and Field News.
Holmes qualified for his 2nd World Championships Team in 2019, after placing 2nd at U.S Champs. Tj progressed his way to the finals, and placed Top 5 in the World once again.
In 2020-2021, Holmes dealt with many injuries (fractured sesamoid bone & a torn tendon on his right foot), but he continued to pursue his dreams. While competed at the 2021 Track and Field Olympic Trials, he was injured in the semi-final round. This was such a devastating sight to see, being that he ran well in the preliminary round.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 2014 | World Junior Championships | Eugene, United States | 3rd | 400 m hurdles | 50.07 |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 5th | 400 m hurdles | 49.00 |
| 2018 | NACAC Championships | Toronto, Canada | 5th | 400 m hurdles | 49.79 |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 5th | 400 m hurdles | 48.20 |
# When You Land Here, It's Time to Return

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Pitchfork | 7.0/10 |
When You Land Here, It's Time to Return is a full-length album released by indie rock band Flake Music before changing their name to The Shins. The album was recorded in 1997 and was released on Omnibus Records.
In a May 2009 interview with Pitchfork, frontman James Mercer announced plans to re-release the album on his own record label, Aural Apothecary. The new version of the album was mixed by Danger Mouse's sound engineer Kentoro Takahashi. The reissue was released on CD and vinyl on November 24, 2014 in Europe and on November 25, 2014 in North America.

## Track listing

* Before the 2014 reissue, the titles of tracks 5, 8, and 10 were unknown, and not listed on any official release of the album. They were typically left blank or listed as "untitled".

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the remastered album's liner notes.
Personnel
* Del Winiecki – engineering
* Nick Noeding Jr. – engineering (10)
* Flake Music – mixing
* Kentoro Takahashi – mixing
* JJ Golden – mastering
Artwork
* Flake Music – art direction
* Jeff Kleinsmith – art direction, design
* Kieth Negley – painting
* Kendall Taylor – photography
* Neal Langford – sleeve
# Opdyke West, Texas

Opdyke West (pronounced "Oh-Pih-Dyke") is a town in Hockley County, Texas, United States. The population was 220 at the 2020 census. It takes its name from the nearby community of Opdyke, founded in 1925, which was named either for Charles W. Opdyke, railroad director, or for the family of W. A. Dykes, who established the first gin in the area by 1937. Opdyke West was incorporated in 1984.

## Geography

Opdyke West is located in central Hockley County at 33°35′36″N 102°17′56″W﻿ / ﻿33.59333°N 102.29889°W﻿ / 33.59333; -102.29889 (33.593241, –102.298924). Texas State Highway 114 passes through the northern side of the town, leading west 4 miles (6 km) to Levelland, the county seat, and east 26 miles (42 km) to Lubbock.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.3 square miles (6 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 188 people, 74 households, and 46 families residing in the town. The population density was 791.9 inhabitants per square mile (305.8/km$^2$). There were 80 housing units at an average density of 337.0 per square mile (130.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 75.53% White, 3.72% Native American, 14.89% from other races, and 5.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 32.98% of the population.
There were 74 households, out of which 44.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 26.1% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 13.8% from 45 to 64, and 2.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,667, and the median income for a family was $30,750. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,261. About 13.2% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.4% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

## Education

The Town of Opdyke West is served by the Levelland Independent School District.