OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# System X (supercomputer)

System X (pronounced "System Ten") was a supercomputer assembled by Virginia Tech's Advanced Research Computing facility in the summer of 2003. Costing US$5.2 million, it was originally composed of 1,100 Apple Power Mac G5 computers with dual 2.0 GHz processors. System X was decommissioned on May 21, 2012. The supercomputer is also known as Big Mac or Terascale Cluster.
System X ran at 12.25 Teraflops, (20.24 peak), and was ranked #3 on November 16, 2003 and #280 in the July 2008 edition of the TOP500 list of the world's most powerful supercomputers. The system used error-correcting (ECC) RAM, which is important for accuracy due to the rate of bits flipped by cosmic rays or other interference sources in its vast number of RAM chips.

## Background

The supercomputer's name originates from the use of the Mac OS X operating system for each node, and because it was the first university computer to achieve 10 teraflops on the high performance LINPACK benchmark. In 2003 it was also touted as "the world's most powerful and cheapest homebuilt supercomputer." System X was constructed with a relatively low budget of just $5.2 million, in the span of only three months, thanks in large part to using off-the-shelf Power Mac G5 computers. By comparison, the Earth Simulator, the fastest supercomputer at the time, cost approximately $400 million to build.

## Upgrade to Server-Grade Parts

In 2004, Virginia Tech upgraded its computer to Apple's newly released, Xserve G5 servers. The upgraded version ranked #7 in the 2004 TOP500 list and its server-grade error-correcting memory solved the problem of cosmic ray interference. In October 2004, Virginia Tech partially rebuilt System X at a cost of about $600,000. These improvements brought the computer's speed up to 12.25 Teraflops, which placed System X #14 on the 2005 TOP500 list.

## Similar Projects

Virginia Tech's system was the model for Xseed, a smaller system also made from Xserve servers and built by Bowie State University in Maryland. Xseed was ranked #166 in the 2005 TOP500.
System G has 324 Mac Pros (2592 processor cores) with QDR InfiniBand in Virginia Tech's Center for High-End Computing Systems.
# System V Interface Definition

The System V Interface Definition (SVID) is a standard that describes the AT&T UNIX System V behavior, including that of system calls, C libraries, available programs and devices. While it was not the first attempt at a standardizations document (the industry trade association /usr/group published a standard in 1984 based on System III with a few system call additions from BSD), it was an important effort in early standardization of UNIX in a period when UNIX variants were multiplying rapidly and portability was problematic at best. By 1986, AT&T required conformance with SVID issue 2 if vendors were to actually brand their products "System V R3". By the 1990s, however, its importance was largely eclipsed by POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification, which were based in part upon the SVID. Part of the reason for this was undoubtedly their vendor-independent approach (see Unix wars).

## Versions of SVID

* Version 1, based on System V Release 2, published Spring, 1985
* Version 2, based on System V Release 3, published 1986 (3 volumes)
* Version 3, based on System V Release 4, published 1989
* Version 4, updated for compliance with XPG4 and POSIX 1003.1-1990, published 1995
# Samborondón Canton

Samborondón Canton is a canton of Ecuador, located in the Guayas Province. Its capital is the town of Samborondón. Its population at the 2001 census was 45,476.

## Demographics

Ethnic groups as of the Ecuadorian census of 2010:
* Mestizo 48.7%
* Montubio 25.7%
* White 19.6%
* Afro-Ecuadorian 3.6%
* Indigenous 0.4%
* Other 0.7%
# Astilbe chinensis

Astilbe chinensis, commonly known as false goat's beard, tall false-buck's-beard or Chinese astilbe, is a plant in the saxifrage family, Saxifragaceae. It is a perennial herb that grows near shaded streams and rivers. It is also commonly grown in shade gardens.

## Taxonomy

The binomial name of Chinese astilbe is Astilbe chinensis. The genus name, Astilbe, from the Greek words for "without" and "brightness", refers to the dullness of leaves of some species, while the specific epithet refers to the plant's Chinese origin.
Chinese astilbe was originally described as Hoteia chinensis by C. J. Maximowiez in 1859. In 1875, Adrien René Franchet and Ludovic Savatier transferred it to the genus Astilbe. Whether A. chinensis and A. rubra were distinct species or synonyms was a controversial issue for botanists throughout the 20th century, with current consensus favoring the latter interpretation. The plant once known as Astilbe davidii (Franch.) is today regarded as a variety of A. chinensis. Other varieties include A. chinensis var. divaricata (Nakai) and A. chinensis var. pumila (auct.).

## Description

Astilbe chinensis is a herbaceous perennial growing in clumps. The species reaches a height of 45–90 centimetres (18–35 in). The leaves are predominantly basal and ternately compound with sharply-toothed (often biserrated) leaflets. Most leaflets are elliptic to oval in shape and hairy. The mounds of leaves resemble ferns. Flowers are minuscule and form panicles on thin, erect or arching stems.

## Distribution and habitat

Chinese astilbe was discovered by Richard Maack on 6 July 1855 in the south of modern-day Amur Oblast of Russia and the Chinese region Heilongjiang, and by Leopold von Schrenck the following year. The natural range of Chinese astilbe is Eastern China, Japanese archipelago, and Korea, at altitudes between 400 and 3600 meters. It is found along shaded streams and rivers as well as within and along the margins of damp, open broadleaf forests.

## Cultivation

Chinese astilbe is prized for its attractive foliage, plume-like inflorescence in the summer, and dried seed heads afterwards. In 1902, the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society described it as "the most important hardy perennial introduced during the past few years". Chinese astilbe is usually planted in woodland gardens and shaded parts of herbaceous borders or cottage gardens as groundcover or edging plant. The plant requires partial to full shade, and grows best in soil which is well-drained and rich in organic material. While more tolerant of drought and exposure to direct sunlight than its congeners, the soil must never dry out. Generally resistant to pathogens and herbivores, most problems are caused by high temperatures and drought.
The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
* A. chinensis var. pumila - mauve
* A. chinensis var. taqueti 'Purpurlanze' - red/purple
* A. chinensis var. taqueti 'Superba' - rose/mauve

## Gallery

* Inflorescence
* Dried seed heads
* Mound
# Astraspis

Astraspis ('star shield') is an extinct, monotypic genus of primitive jawless fish from the Ordovician of Central North America including the Harding Sandstone of Colorado and Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming. It is also known from Bolivia. It is related to other Ordovician fishes, such as the South American Sacabambaspis, and the Australian Arandaspis.

## Description

Nearly complete fossils suggest the living animals were about 200 mm (7.9 in) in length. The body had a mobile tail covered with small protective plate-like scales of less than 1 mm (0.039 in) and a forebody covered with plate-like scales larger than 2 mm (0.079 in). The specimen from North America (described by Sansom et al., 1997) is to have had relatively large, laterally-positioned eyes and a series of eight gill openings on each side. The specimen was generally oval in cross-section. The protective bony plates covering the animal were composed of aspidin (chemically similar to modern shark's teeth), covered by tubercles composed of dentine. It is from these tubercles (which are generally star-shaped) that the name 'Astraspis' (literally "star-shield") is derived.
# Marilyn M. White

Marilyn M. White is an American folklorist who researches African American folklore and family folklore. She conducts research in Little Cayman. White is the president of the American Folklore Society and the long-time president of the Association of African and African American Folklorists. White is also ex officio member of the board of trustees of the American Folklife Center.
White completed a B.A. in English from Hampton University, an M.A. in folklore from Indiana University, and a PhD in anthropology (folklore) from the University of Texas at Austin.
She was a professor of anthropology at Kean University from 1985 to 2011. She also previously taught at Western Kentucky University for eight years.
# Samdani

Samdani is a Muslim surname of Arabic origin that is found in Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Notable people with the name include:
* Abdur Rahman Samdani (1886–1925), Kashmiri diplomat and journalist
* Rajeeb Samdani (born 1974), Bangladeshi industrialist and founder of Samdani Art Foundation
* Khwaja Muhammad Ahmad Samdani (1932–2013), Pakistani judge
* Shakeel Ahmed Samdani (1961–2012), Indian academic
* Nurunnabi Samdani, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and politician

## Ghulam Samdani

* Golam Samdani Quraishy (1929–1991), Bangladeshi poet and scholar
* Golam Samdani Fakir (born 1952), vice-chancellor of the Green University of Bangladesh
# Samdech Euv Autonomous Zone

The Samdech Euv Autonomous Zone was a short-lived secessionist entity which existed in seven eastern Cambodian provinces between 10 June and 15 June 1993. The zone was announced by Norodom Chakrapong of the Cambodian People's Party as a response to the victory of FUNCINPEC in the 1993 Cambodian election.
The zone originally covered just the three provinces of Svay Rieng, Prey Veng and Kampong Cham before being expanded to cover Stung Treng, Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, Kratié.
# Mianmin

Mianmin (Chinese: 綿愍; 6 March 1797 – 11 November 1836) was a Qing dynasty imperial prince as the third son of Yonglin and Qianlong Emperor.

## Life

Mianmin was born on 6 March 1797 to Yonglin's second primary consort, lady Wugiya. In 1802, Mianmin was awarded a title of the grace bulwark duke. In February 1816, he arrived late for the banquet at the Palace of Heavenly Purity in the Forbidden City. Prince of the Fourth Rank, Yishao cast his bowl upon the ground and ordered him to take a place. Yonglin's attempt to report the matter via his eunuch was persecuted. In 1819, he was promoted to the prince of the fourth rank. In 1820, Mianmin inherited the Prince Qing peerage as the prince of the second rank because the peerage has not been awarded iron-cap status. In February 1823, he was exempt from overseeing music department of the Yonghe Temple, thus entrusting the internal affairs to Yishao. Mianmin died on 11 November 1836 and was posthumously honoured as "Prince Qingliang of the Second Rank" (庆良郡王, "qingliang" meaning "content and gentle").
As Mianmin's children died prematurely, he adopted Mianzhi's son Yicai as a successor.

## Tomb

Mianmin's tomb is located near the family mausoleum of the Prince Qing (Tomb of the White Sheep) in Changping village, where his father was buried. Unlike the Tomb of the White Sheep, the mausoleum is endangered by destruction. The only remaining building is central gate. The stone kurhan on the tomb was razed to the fundament.

## Family

Consorts and issue:
* Primary consort, of the Ezha clan (嫡福晋 额扎氏)
* Second primary consort, of the Fuca clan (继福晋 富察氏)
** Yiyuan (1817-1818), first son
** Yibin (1827-1833), second son
* Unknown
** Eldest daughter
*** Married first class taiji Ayuxi (阿玉喜) of Khorchin Borjigit clan
Adopted son: Yicai (1820-1866), held a title of Prince Qing of the Second Rank in 1839-1842
# Course of dealing

The term course of dealing is defined in the Uniform Commercial Code as follows:
   A "course of dealing" is a sequence of conduct concerning previous transactions between the parties to a particular transaction that is fairly to be regarded as establishing a common basis of understanding for interpreting their expressions and other conduct.
UCC § 1-303(b). "Course of dealing," as defined in subsection (b), is restricted, literally, to a sequence of conduct between the parties previous to the agreement. A sequence of conduct after or under the agreement, however, is a "course of performance."
Even though, according to the parol evidence rule, words and terms in a writing intended to be the final expression of the agreement of the parties may not be contradicted by extrinsic evidence of a prior or contemporaneous agreement, extrinsic evidence in the form of course of dealing nonetheless may be used to explain or supplement the writing. An integration clause in a contract, stating that the parties intend the writing to be a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement does not suffice to negate the importance of course of dealing, "because these are such an integral part of the contract that they are not normally disclaimed by general language in the merger clause."
Under the common law, extrinsic evidence such as course of dealing could be considered only if the written contract was ambiguous. By contrast, "Under the UCC, the lack of facial ambiguity in the contract language is basically irrelevant to whether extrinsic evidence ought to be considered by the court as an initial matter."
Evidence of course of dealing will be disallowed, however, if it is "carefully negated" in the parties' contract by "specific and unequivocal" language.
Although the term is usually used in US contract law, where the parties' course of dealing helps the court to understand the intention of the contracting parties, it is also used elsewhere in the law. In US patent law the term is used to help interpret the meaning of words used in patent claims by examining the prosecution history of a patent to determine what meaning the applicant and patent examiner understood claim words to have. It has been observed in the Federal Circuit:
   The prosecution history often proves useful in determining a patent's scope, for it reveals the course of dealing with the Patent Office, which may show a particular meaning attached to the terms, or a position taken by the applicant to ensure that the patent would issue.
# Purgatoire

Purgatoire means purgatory in French. It may refer to:
* Purgatoire River, a river in southeastern Colorado, United States
* Purgatoire Formation, a geological unit named for the river
* Purgatoire River track site, a significant preservation of dinosaur trackways
# Mahkonce, Minnesota

Mahkonce is an unincorporated community in Clover and Twin Lakes townships, Mahnomen County, Minnesota, United States.
# OLPC XO-3

XO-3 was a design for a tablet/e-book reader intended to be developed under the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) initiative, but the project was cancelled in November 2012, replaced by the XO tablet.

## History

It was planned to have a tablet computer form factor over the canceled dual-screen design concept of the XO-2. The inner workings were those of the XO 1.75 together with the same ARM processor.
The XO-3 featured an 8-inch 4:3 1024 × 768-resolution display and used a Marvell Technology Group Marvell Armada PXA618 SoC. The XO-3 was intended to feature innovative charging options such as a hand crank or a solar panel.
The XO-3 tablet was planned to be released in 2012, for a target price below $100. The XO-3 and accompanying solar cell & handcrank power options were demoed at the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in January, 2012 as shown on BBC News technology programme Click.
* Front and back
* Flexible cover
* Touch screen
# Mount Chocolat

Mount Chocolat is a mountain located in Saint-Philémon, in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, Canada.
The "Domaine du Cerf du Massif du Sud" has around fifty houses built on the mountainside.

## Geography

Located in the Notre Dame Mountains south of the St. Lawrence River, Mont Chocolat has an altitude of 717 metres (2,352 ft) and is part of the Massif du Sud. It is also part of the northwest sector of the Massif-du-Sud Regional Park.

## Activities

According to the trail map, Mont Chocolat offers a loop hiking trail of 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) with a drop of 267 metres (876 ft) for a duration of about two hours for an expert hiker or 3h30 (including dinner) for an intermediate type hiker.
The ascent of the mountain offers a particular panorama of the valley; a belvedere is arranged at the top. A segment of the trail runs along the river and crosses the area of a maple grove. Hikers can see magnificent panoramas, particularly in the section of the palisade trail which runs along rock faces about 50 m high.
The trail of 10 km (minimum altitude of 474 m and maximum of 666 m) and 21 km (minimum altitude of 474 m and maximum of 917 m) of the Trail du Massif du Sud passes through Mont Chocolat. On the occasion of the night excursions are organized in groups in the company of a guide.

## Place names

The name of this mountain originates from its shape resembling chocolates filled with cherries. The toponym "Chocolate" was made official on March 16, 2004 at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Qupai

A qupai (Chinese: 曲牌; pinyin: qǔpái; also called Chinese: 牌子; pinyin: paizi) is the generic term for a fixed melody used in traditional Chinese music. The literal meaning is "named tune," "labeled melody," "titled tune," or "titled song". Qupai are relatively brief, most comprising between 20 and 70 measures in 2/4 meter. Many qupai are centuries old, but only a few of these have been handed down to the present.
Qupai are commonly used in Chinese opera, such as kunqu and Beijing opera, as well as by folk and ritual ensembles, including Jiangnan sizhu and Taoist ritual music. Qupai have also been used as the basis for 20th century compositions for Chinese instruments, both solo and ensemble. In these contexts, these stock melodies very often serve as a basis for melodic elaboration and variation. This variation is particularly well codified in the taoqu structure of Chaozhou xianshi music.
The Baisha xiyue tradition of the Naxi of Lijiang, Yunnan utilizes 24 qupai.

## Notable qupai

* Ba Ban (八板, Eight Beats)
* Huang Ying Liang Chi (黄莺亮翅, Oriole Soaring)
* Jiang Jun Ling (将军令, General's Command)
* Liu Qingniang (柳青娘, Lady Green Willow)
* Qiansheng Fo (千声佛, A Thousand Buddhas)
* Shui Long Yin (水龙吟, Water Dragon Chant)
* Wan Nian Huan (万年欢, Everlasting Joy)
* Xi Jiang Yue (西江月, Moon Over the West River)
* 巫山顶
* 即 (五三点)
* 五梆子
* 巴音杭盖
* 推辘轴
* 十番
* Si Gong Zhu (四公主, Four Princesses)
# Rennell parrot

The Rennell parrot (Geoffroyus hyacinthinus) is an island species of parrot, found on Rennell Island in the Solomons. It is normally considered a subspecies of the song parrot (Geoffroyus heteroclitus) but differs from it in its larger size, its blue collar being more lavender in colour and extending to the breast, and a more strongly grey-blue tone to the female's head. Population size is estimated at 5,000–20,000 individuals. Although only present in a small range, it is not currently considered threatened.
# Sardar Muhammad Nawaz Khan

Sardar Muhammad Nawaz Khan rind is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 1993 to 1997 and again from May 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

He was born on 4 June 1948 in Zahir Pir.
He has a degree of Bachelor of Laws which he obtained in 2007 from Allama Iqbal Open University.

## Political career

He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Democratic Alliance (PDA) from Constituency PP-234 (Rahimyar Khan-III) in 1990 Pakistani general election, but was unsuccessful. He received 17,123 votes and lost the seat to Mian Abdul Sattar.
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from Constituency PP-234 (Rahimyar Khan-III) in 1993 Pakistani general election. He received 29,284 votes and defeated Mian Abdul Sattar.
He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PPP from Constituency PP-234 (Rahimyar Khan-III) in 2002 Pakistani general election, but was unsuccessful. He received 26,257 votes and lost the seat to Mian Abdul Sattar.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as an independent candidate from Constituency PP-288 (Rahimyar Khan-IV) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He joined Pakistan Muslim League (N) in May 2013.
# Sarvesh Amte

Sarvesh Amte is an Indian inline speed skater, inline hockey player and speed slalom player who represented India in World Slalom Series 2012.
He is from Belagavi, Karnataka, India. He started skating in 2010.
He is an Indian skating champion and holds more than 10 World Records in skating.
He also played inline hockey for state level and national matches.

## Competitions

Representing India :
| Year | Competition |
| 2011 | Longest outdoor Inline Hockey World Record 2011 India |
| 2011 | Longest Roller Skating Marathon World Record 2011 India |
| 2012 | World Slalom Series 2012 held at Lishui, China |
| 2016 | Largest Roller Skating Relay World Record 2016 India |
| 2016 | Largest Roller Skating Relay World Record 2016 India |
| 2016 | Guinness World Record at Belagavi 2016 India |
# Sarvesh Murari

Sarvesh Murari is an Indian cinematographer, who has worked in the Telugu and Tamil film industries.

## Career

Sarvesh Murari is a cinematographer who has predominantly worked on for Telugu films. He started his career as camera assistant and worked for films including Family Circus and Nuvvu Nenu, under Rasool Ellore, and Aithe, under K.K. Senthil Kumar. His first movie as the director of photography was Anukokunda Oka Roju (2005) directed by Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, and received a further breakthrough following his work as the cinematographer of S. S. Rajamouli's Vikramarkudu (2006). Sarvesh Murari also notably worked as a second unit cameraman for Arundhathi (2009), before branching into Tamil films in 2017 with two films featuring Raghava Lawrence.
In January 2016, he announced his intentions of working as a director in the future.

## Filmography
### As cinematographer

| Movie | Year | Language |
| 2005 | Anukokunda Oka Roju | Telugu |
| 2006 | Shock | Telugu |
| 2006 | Vikramarkudu | Telugu |
| 2007 | Nava Vasantham | Telugu |
| 2008 | Ontari | Telugu |
| 2009 | Prayanam | Telugu |
| 2009 | Kurradu | Telugu |
| 2010 | Kedi | Telugu |
| 2010 | Kalyanram Kathi | Telugu |
| 2010 | Ragada | Telugu |
| 2012 | Nippu | Telugu |
| 2013 | Action 3D | Telugu |
| 2013 | Doosukeltha | Telugu |
| 2015 | Pataas | Telugu |
| 2015 | Sher | Telugu |
| 2017 | Motta Shiva Ketta Shiva | Tamil |
| 2017 | Shivalinga | Tamil |
| 2017 | Ungarala Rambabu | Telugu |
| 2018 | Gayatri | Telugu |
| 2019 | Pottu | Tamil |
| 2019 | Kanchana 3 | Tamil |
| 2022 | Son of India | Telugu |
# Tarikh (film)

Tarikh or Tarikh: A Timeline (2019) is an Indian Bengali film directed by Churni Ganguly and bankrolled by Suparnokanti Karati. This was the second film directed by Ganguly after Nirbashito. The film starring Saswata Chatterjee, Ritwick Chakraborty and Raima Sen, portrays dichotomies of human existence. The film was awarded the best Screenplay for dialogues in the 66th National Film Awards.The film was released on 12 April 2019.

## Plot

The film narrates a story of three individuals: Anirban Gupta, a professor, Ira, Anirban's wife, works as a hotel lobby manager, and Rudrangshu (Rudy), Anirban's childhood friend.

## Cast

* Saswata Chatterjee as Anirban Gupta
* Raima Sen as Ira
* Ritwick Chakraborty as Rudrangshu (Rudy),

## Release and reception

The film released on 12 April 2019. Firstpost gave the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and commented: "Tarikh is an exceptionally well-written film". . . and "also an excellent study of the preaching and practising of such values as socialism." Indian Express Limited also rated 3.5 stars out of five. Cinestaan rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote: "Despite the engaging performances, the film tends to disturb you but hardly offers anything to ponder. "