OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward Armstrong (historian)

Edward Armstrong FBA (3 March 1846 – 14 April 1928) was an English historian.

## Biography

He was born in Tidenham, Gloucestershire, the son of John Armstrong, later Bishop of Grahamstown.
Armstrong was educated at Bradfield College and Exeter College, Oxford, and became a Fellow of The Queen's College, Oxford. Armstrong wrote books on Charles V, Elisabeth Farnese, and Lorenzo de' Medici. He also contributed to The Cambridge Modern History and the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.
Armstrong served as warden of Bradfield College from 1920 to 1925.
His first wife, Mabel née Watson, died in 1920. In 1921 he married his second wife, Geraldine Prynne Harriss (born 1899), who was the third daughter of Rev. James Adolphus Harriss (1859–1919).

## Selected publications

* Lorenzo De' Medici and Florence in the Fifteenth Century. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1896.
* Elisabeth Farnese. Longmans, Green & Co. 1892.
* The Emperor Charles V. Vol. I. Macmillan & Co. 1902.
* The Emperor Charles V. Vol. II. Macmillan & Co. 1902.
* The French Wars of Religion: Their Political Aspects. Blackwell. 1904.
# Lao (Italian river)

The Lao (Greek: Λᾶος; Latin: Laus, Laos or Laüs; formerly also Laino) is a river in southern Italy. It rises in the Lucanian Apennines in Basilicata (where it is known as the Mercure) and drains into the Tyrrhenian Sea near Scalea in Calabria.

## Description

The river has a length of 51 km. Its source is near the Serra del Prete mountain in the Pollino massif, at an altitude of 2,181 meters. Here it flows to the west through the Valley of Mercure and passes Viggianello. Later it changes course to southwest and passes Laino Borgo and Papasidero. Near Orsomarso it is joined by the Argentino from the left, its main tributary. It empties in the Tyrrhenian Sea near Scalea. It has a drainage basin of 594 square kilometres (229 sq mi).

## History

Pliny, Ptolemy and Strabo all describe the river and note that it was the boundary between Lucania and Bruttium in classical antiquity. The archaeological site of the ancient Greek colony Laüs is located close to the river's mouth in the frazione Marcellina of the comune Santa Maria del Cedro.
# Ogdensburg Borough School District

The Ogdensburg Borough School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade from Ogdensburg, in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 281 students and 27.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.3:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "FG", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
For ninth through twelfth grades, public school students attend Wallkill Valley Regional High School which also serves students from Franklin Borough, Hardyston Township and Hamburg Borough. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 604 students and 56.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1.

## Schools

Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:

### Elementary schools (PreK-8)

* Ogdensburg Public School (235 students)
** David Astor, principal

## Administration

Core members of the district's administration are:
* David Astor, superintendent and principal
* Richard Rennie, business administrator and board secretary

## Board of education

The district's board of education, comprised of seven members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district.
# Tilwick Meadow

Tilwick Meadow is a 2.6-hectare (6.4-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Thurleigh and Wilden in Bedfordshire. It was notified in 1988 under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, and the local planning authority is Bedford Borough Council.
The meadow is on the site of a medieval village abandoned during the Black Death. It is unimproved grassland on chalk boulder clay, and it has very rich flora on a habitat now rare nationally. Grass species include red fescue and sweet vernal-grass, and there some species associated with woodland indicate that part of the area was wooded in the past. There are also ponds and ditches.
There is access by a footpath from Wood End.
# Cara de Dios

Cara de Dios is an EP by the Chilean band La Ley. La Ley performed a new song, "En La Ciudad", at a live TV concert, which set the expectations for the release of a new album. Because fans were expecting an album featuring the song, PolyGram decided to release "Cara de Dios", which remains an album searched for by the fans, similar to the albums Desiertos, Doble Opuesto, and La Ley. Two singles were released from the album, for which no music videos were produced and this is the final album with band founder and guitarist Andrés Bobe.

## Track listing

* "En la Ciudad" (Cara de Díos) - (Bobe, Cuevas, Clavería, Rojas) – 4:22
* "Desiertos" (Mix) - (Bobe, Delgado, Aboitiz) – 6:42
* "A Veces" - (Bobe, Arbulu) – 5:18
* "Rhythm Valentine" - (Bobe, Cuevas) – 3:54

## Personnel
### La Ley

* Andrés Bobe – guitar
* Mauricio Clavería – drums
* Alberto "Beto" Cuevas – vocals
* Luciano Rojas – bass

### Others

* Ramon Villanueva – producer
* Hernan Rojas – recording engineer
* Oscar Lopez - recording engineer & mixing engineer
* Walter Gonzalez – recording engineer
* Humberto Gatica – mix
# Meridarchis episacta

Meridarchis episacta is a moth in the family Carposinidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1906. It is found in Sri Lanka and on Java in Indonesia.
# Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle S7

The Women's 100 metre freestyle S7 swimming event at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was competed on 20 September. It was won by Erin Popovich, representing United States.

## 1st round

* Qualified for final round

### Heat 1

20 Sept. 2004, morning session
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Erin Popovich (USA) | 1:15.62 |
| 2 | Oxana Guseva (RUS) | 1:18.41 |
| 3 | Danielle Campo (CAN) | 1:18.51 |
| 4 | Hilde Saeves (NOR) | 1:20.79 |
| 5 | Nathalie Suter (SUI) | 1:21.68 |
| 6 | Dacil Cabrera (ESP) | 1:24.61 |
| 7 | Margita Prokeinova (SVK) | 1:28.55 |
| 8 | Polina Dzhurova (BUL) | 1:37.22 |

### Heat 2

20 Sept. 2004, morning session
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Kirsten Bruhn (GER) | 1:15.41 |
| 2 | Chantel Wolfenden (AUS) | 1:16.36 |
| 3 | Kristin Hakonardottir (ISL) | 1:18.81 |
| 4 | Huang Min (CHN) | 1:21.97 |
| 5 | Marlena Lewandowska (POL) | 1:23.55 |
| 6 | Janine Schmid (AUT) | 1:25.15 |
| 7 | Miyuki Yasuda (JPN) | 1:26.13 |
| 8 | Deborah Gruen (USA) | 1:29.30 |

## Final round

20 Sept. 2004, evening session
| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| | Erin Popovich (USA) | 1:14.61 | PR |
| | Chantel Wolfenden (AUS) | 1:15.09 | |
| | Kirsten Bruhn (GER) | 1:15.89 | |
| 4 | Danielle Campo (CAN) | 1:15.97 | |
| 5 | Kristin Hakonardottir (ISL) | 1:17.26 | |
| 6 | Oxana Guseva (RUS) | 1:17.68 | |
| 7 | Hilde Saeves (NOR) | 1:20.66 | |
| 8 | Nathalie Suter (SUI) | 1:21.42 | |
# Blackneck garter snake

    Common names: blackneck garter snake, black-neck garter snake
Thamnophis cyrtopsis, the blackneck garter snake, is a species of garter snake of the genus Thamnophis. It is native to the southwestern United States, Mexico and Guatemala, and can be found in a wide range of different habitats, often near water sources.

## Description

There are three recognized subspecies of the blackneck garter snake, two of which, Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyrtopsis and Thamnophis cyrtopsis ocellatus, are described below.

### Western blackneck garter snake

Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyrtopsis (Kennicott, 1860)
The western blackneck garter snake may attain 107 cm (42 inches) in total length. The snake is colored dark olive with an orange-yellow stripe that is displayed on the middle of the body from the top while the underside is usually a cream or light shade of gray. The western blackneck is a water snake that lives near rivers, swims, and eats small fish and tadpoles.

### Eastern blackneck garter snake

Thamnophis cyrtopsis ocellatus (Cope, 1880)
The eastern blackneck garter snake is smaller than the western blackneck garter snake, with an average total length of less than 51 cm (20 inches). It is frequently found on dry land near a water source rather than in water. It displays three light stripes on a dark-colored body with uniform orange and orange-yellow spreading throughout.

## Geographic range

The blackneck garter snake can be found in southeastern and central Arizona, parts of the southwestern United States, Mexico and Guatemala.

## Habitat

Found near water in desertscrub, grasslands, chaparral, woodland environments.

## Behavior

It is active during the day and during twilight activities, and occasionally at night, hibernating from late fall to winter and mating in late spring or summer.

## Feeding

Hunts in rivers for small fish, amphibians, other snakes, and invertebrates, such as earthworms.
# Edgemont Shelter

The Edgemont Shelter, also designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 3VB6, is a prehistoric rock art site in Van Buren County, Arkansas. Located on a bluff overlooking Greers Ferry Lake, it consists of a panel extensively painted with petroglyphs. The site has been dated to about 1500.
The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Belisana ratnapura

Belisana ratnapura is a species of spider of the genus Belisana. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
# Vidyadhar Guruji Sayanna

Vidyadhar Guruji Sayanna was an Indian politician, freedom fighter and Gandhian. He was a Member of Mysore Legislative Assembly (currently Karnataka Legislative Assembly) from Gurmitkal constituency.

## Personal life

Vidyadhar Guruji Sayanna was married to Savitadevi and the couple had four children which includes three sons, and one daughter.

## Positions held

* Member of Mysore Legislative Assembly (Third Assembly 1962–1967).
* Chairman of Hindi Prachar Sabha (for a period)

## Election results
### 1962

Mysore Legislative Assembly election, Gurmitkal Constituency :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Party | Votes | Result |
| 1962 | Shahapur (Vidhana Sabha constituency) A.C.No 15 | Vidyadhar Guruji Sayanna | Swatantra Party | 19,378 | Won |
| 1962 | Shahapur (Vidhana Sabha constituency) A.C.No 15 | Malappa Lingappa Kollur | Indian National Congress | 9,469 | |
| MARGIN : 9909 (34.35% of Total Valid Votes) ||||||

### 1984

Polling Date: 24-12-1984
Polling Station: Number: 1,127
Average Electors per Polling Station: 681
8th Lok Sabha General Election - 1984, Gulbarga Constituency :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Party | Votes | Result |
| 1984 | Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency) | Veerendra Patil | Indian National Congress | 235,751 | Won |
| 1984 | Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency) | Vidyadhar Guruji Sayanna | Janata Party | 140,261 | |
| MARGIN : 95,490 (23.80% of Total Valid Votes) ||||||
# The Critical Review (Chinese journal)

The Critical Review, also known as Xueheng in Chinese, was a major Chinese-language journal that supports traditional Chinese culture during the New Culture Movement. Generally regarded as cultural conservatism, the scholars who published on the journal, including Wu Mi, Mei Guangdi [zh], Hu Xiansu, Liu Yizheng and Guo Binhe [zh], were termed the Critical Review Group or the Xueheng School, based at National Southeastern University.

## History

In the late 1910s, the debates about Chinese culture and language divided the Chinese students in the United States. Among the students, Hu Xianxiao and Zhu Guangdi proposed to publish a journal, which was echoed by Liu Boming and Ma Zonghuo, and later joined by Wu Mi and Liu Yimou. The Critical Review Group was thus founded in October 1921. The journal had no leader or editor-in-chief. Wu Mi was elected as the collector of the writings and Liu Mouyi was elected as the writer of the foreword section. The first issue was published in January 1922. The journal was a monthly and 60 issues were published before it was closed in the end of 1926. In 1928, the journal re-opened as a bimonthly, but was again closed in 1930. The journal reopened in 1931 and closed in July 1933.

## Content

According to the foreword of the journal, the purpose of this journal was "to study sciences and arts, to seek and elucidate truth, to build on the quintessence of the nation, to criticise from a neutral and just perspective, as a nonpartisan, but not as a radical or follower."
The Critical Review group, or the Xueheng School, was against the New Culture Movement because of its romanticism, its utilitarianism and its iconoclasm. The scholars of the group were mostly educated in the West. In their debates against full westernization of China, they echoed the ideas proposed by the national essence school, but integrated the ideas with western ones. As Wu Mi points out, " it was the introduction of Western ideas and the imitation of Western models that led this group of intellectuals to adopt a more appreciative attitude toward their own literary and cultural past."
The Critical Review, under the leadership of Wu Mi, introduced one of the earliest Chinese translation of Greek classics, including Plato's dialogues and Aristotle's ethics. Additionally, lots of new humanistic writings were also preferably selected into the journal by Wu Mi.

## Legacy

Xueheng School is an iconic school of thought in the history of Nanjing University, the successor of National Southeastern University. The school also impacts the academics of Zhejiang University after Chu Kochen, who taught at Nanjing, was appointed as the president of Zhejiang University. In memory of the journal, Nanjing University founded Xue-heng Institute for Advanced Studies in 2014 for the glocalization of interdisciplinary history studies at the university. Since 2016, the institute began to publish a journal named New Critical Review.
# Periambia

Periambia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
# Sylligma

Sylligma is a genus of spiders in the family Thomisidae. It was first described in 1895 by Simon. As of 2017, it contains 7 African species.

## Species

Sylligma comprises the following species:
* Sylligma cribrata (Simon, 1901) – Ethiopia
* Sylligma franki Lewis & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2011 – Congo, Mozambique, Rwanda, Uganda
* Sylligma hirsuta Simon, 1895 – Gabon, Congo, Rwanda, Namibia
* Sylligma lawrencei Millot, 1942 – Gabon, Nigeria, Guinea, Congo
* Sylligma ndumi Lewis & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2011 – Botswana, South Africa
* Sylligma spartica Lewis & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2011 – Congo
* Sylligma theresa Lewis & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2011 – Nigeria, Rwanda, Kenya
# Semyonovsky Fortress

Semenovskaya Fortress (Russian: Семёновская крепость) is a fortification that existed at the end of the 17th and in the early 18th century at the mouth of the river Mius of Rostov region, on the southern outskirts of the village of Beglitz.

## History

It is known that in the autumn of 1674 a voivode was sent from Moscow to the Don, Prince P. I. Khovansky-Snake for the construction of a fortress on the Miyus River. This idea was not realized then because they did not find a good place to build the fortress. The fortress was built later in 1698 and became known as Mius. Later it was renamed the Semyonovsky Fortress.
The structure was built in the form of an irregular rectangle with 4 bastions and 2 half-bastions.
As of 1699, the garrison had 421 men among whom were spearmen, riders and soldiers. At the same time, the Cossacks began to be in the fortress who were inspecting merchant vessels passing through. In 1711 the fortress was partially destroyed.
In the 21st century, the outlines of the fortress are seen on the banks of the Miusskiy Liman. Part of the fortress is washed by the coastline. At times, archaeological research and excavations are carried out on the territory of the former fortress. During the research, elements of ceramics and smoking pipes were found.
# Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Women's 200 metre freestyle S4

The Women's 200 metre freestyle S4 swimming event at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was competed on 21 September. It was won by Mayumi Narita, representing Japan.

## 1st round

* Qualified for final round

### Heat 1

21 Sept. 2004, morning session
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Karen Breumsoe (DEN) | 3:56.20 |
| 2 | Cheryl Angelelli (USA) | 3:57.44 |
| 3 | Anne Cecile Lequien (FRA) | 4:10.82 |
| 4 | Annke Conradi (GER) | 4:36.27 |

### Heat 2

21 Sept. 2004, morning session
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Mayumi Narita (JPN) | 3:20.50 |
| 2 | Aimee Bruder (USA) | 3:58.00 |
| 3 | Edenia Garcia (BRA) | 4:15.78 |
| 4 | Patricia Valle (MEX) | 4:25.15 |
| 5 | Claudia Silva (BRA) | 5:08.71 |

## Final round

21 Sept. 2004, evening session
| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| | Mayumi Narita (JPN) | 3:02.00 | WR |
| | Karen Breumsoe (DEN) | 3:50.92 | |
| | Cheryl Angelelli (USA) | 3:51.41 | |
| 4 | Aimee Bruder (USA) | 3:55.87 | |
| 5 | Anne Cecile Lequien (FRA) | 3:58.54 | |
| 6 | Edenia Garcia (BRA) | 4:10.91 | |
| 7 | Patricia Valle (MEX) | 4:25.69 | |
| 8 | Annke Conradi (GER) | 4:38.03 | |
# Three Rivers College (Missouri)

Three Rivers College is a public community college in Poplar Bluff, Missouri. It was founded in 1966 when voters in the counties of Butler, Carter, Ripley, and Wayne approved the taxing district of Butler, Carter, Ripley, and Wayne counties.
Three Rivers is governed by a six-person board of trustees elected by residents in the college's taxing district. The college has an 80-acre (32.4 ha) campus in Poplar Bluff, Missouri with full-service locations in Dexter, Kennett, and Sikeston, and in-district locations in Doniphan, Caruthersville, Piedmont, Portageville, New Madrid, and Van Buren, and offers classes at various sites and high schools throughout the region. Three Rivers also participates in the Cape College Center alongside Mineral Area College and Southeast Missouri State University. The school is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
The college officially changed its name from Three Rivers Community College to Three Rivers College in 2017. It enrolled 2,965 in 2019.

## Athletics

Three Rivers competes as a member of the NJCAA in the Missouri Community College Athletic Conference. Gene Bess, the men's basketball coach, has the most wins of any junior college basketball coach. The school's most famous athletic alumnus is Latrell Sprewell, who played basketball for Three Rivers before playing Division I basketball at Alabama.
# William Woodward (MP)

William Woodward (fl. 1388), from Dunwich, Suffolk, was an English Member of Parliament (MP).
He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Dunwich in 1388.
# Filippos Tigkas

Filippos Tigkas (born November 5, 2002) is a Cypriot/Greek professional basketball player for Keravnos of the Cypriot League.

## Early career

Tigkas started playing basketball with Apollon Limassol in Cyprus. At the age of 16, he was transferred to AEK Athens of the Greek League, where he played with the junior team of the club. He also took several practices with AEK Athens Men’s Team.

## Professional career

On July 7, 2020 Tigkas returned to Cyprus and signed with Apollon Limassol of the Cypriot League. In his first professional season, Tigkas averaged 7.7 points and 2.7 assists with Apollon. In the summer of 2021 Keravnos Strovolou and AEK Larnaca battled in order to secure his signature. Tigkas decided to join Keravnos Strovolou in the end.
# Cecilia Paredes Verduga

Cecilia Paredes Verduga (born October 27, 1971) is an Ecuadorian engineer and university professor. She is the rector of Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) which is in the city of Guayaquil.

## Life

Verduga was born in 1971 in the city of Guayaquil and her father was an ESPOL graduate engineer. She took her first degree at ESPOL in Mechanical Engineering before going to New Jersey to study at Rutgers University. At Rutgers she took a masters and doctorate in materials science and engineering. She joined ESPOL's faculty in 2001 doing both research and teaching and in 2002 she became a full professor and in 2006 deputy dean.
She became the vice-rector of ESPOL in 2012 when Sergio Flores Macías was the rector. She was also the director of the materials testings and director of the Polytechnic's Center for Research and Development in Nanotechnology.
In 2017 she was promoted to be ESPOL's rector. It was the first time since the ESPOL was founded 59 years ago that it was led by a woman. In 2021 ESPOL was ranked in the top 100 universities in Latin America at number 74.
In 2022 she was re-elected for a second five year term as rector by the students, teaching staff and the employees of ESPOL. She was elected on her manifesto on transforming ESPOL for the digital transformation. Paola Romero Crespo was elected as the vice President.
Guayaquil is an important city in Ecuador as it was involved in the country's move to independence in 1900. In 2022 the National Assembly came to Guayaquil to meet and to celebrate 202 years of independence. During the meeting Verduga was honoured when she was given an award recognising her contribution to education by the President of the National Assembly.

## Private life

She is married and they have two children.
# Conflict style inventory

A conflict style inventory is a written tool for gaining insight into how people respond to conflict. Typically, a user answers a set of questions about their responses to conflict and is scored accordingly.
Most people develop a patterned response to conflict based on their life history and history with others. This response may fit some situations well, but may be ineffective or destructive in other circumstances. The goal is to increase people's awareness of their own patterns and bring more options and flexibility within reach.
The most widely used conflict style inventories are based on the Mouton Blake Axis which posits five styles of conflict response (see Managerial Grid Model). These include the Jay Hall Conflict Management Survey, the Thomas Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, a standard since the 1960s, the Canadian International Institute of Applied Negotiation's (CIIAN) Conflict Style Root Assessment, and the Kraybill Conflict Style Inventory, a more recent publication that is culturally sensitive.
More extensive personality type instruments are also useful to help understand conflict style differences. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which is based on the work of Carl Jung, and the Gilmore Fraleigh instruments fall in this category.
Conflict resolution teachers and trainers, mediators, organizational consultants, and human resource managers use conflict style inventories in their work to help people reflect on and improve their responses to conflict. Awareness of styles helps people recognize that they have choices in how to respond to conflict. Since each style has a preferred way of interacting with others in conflict, style awareness also can greatly assist people in meeting the needs of those they live and work with.