OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maestà

Maestà, the Italian word for "majesty", designates a classification of images of the enthroned Madonna with the child Jesus, the designation generally implying accompaniment by angels, saints, or both. The Maestà is an extension of the "Seat of Wisdom" theme of the seated "Mary Theotokos", "Mary Mother of God", which is a counterpart to the earlier icon of Christ in Majesty, the enthroned Christ that is familiar in Byzantine mosaics. Maria Regina is an art historians' synonym for the iconic image of Mary enthroned, with or without the Child.
In the West, the image seems to have developed from Byzantine precedents such as the coin of Constantine's Empress Fausta, crowned and with their sons on her lap and from literary examples, such as Flavius Cresconius Corippus's celebration of Justin II's coronation in 565. Paintings depicting the Maestà came into the mainstream artistic repertory, especially in Rome, in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, with an increased emphasis on the veneration of Mary. The Maestà was often executed in fresco technique directly on plastered walls or as paintings on gessoed wooden altar panels.
A more domestic representation, suitable to private devotion, is the iconographic theme of Madonna and Child.

## Examples of Maestà in painting

The most famous example of the Maestà is the Maestà with Twenty Angels and Nineteen Saints, an altarpiece comprising many individual paintings commissioned by the city of Siena in 1308 from the artist Duccio di Buoninsegna. The painting was installed in the city's cathedral on June 9, 1311. Although it took a generation for its effect truly to be felt, Duccio's Maestà set Italian painting on a course leading away from the hieratic representations of Byzantine art towards more direct presentations of reality.
Creating this altarpiece assembled from many wood panels bonded together before painting was an arduous undertaking. The work was not only large, the central panel was 7 by 13 feet, but it had to be painted on both sides since it could be seen from all directions when installed on the main altar at the centre of the sanctuary.
On the back of the Maesta were episodes from the life of Christ, focusing on his Passion. Sacred narrative unfolds in elegant episodes enacted by graceful figures who seem to dance their way through these stories while still conveying emotional content.
Because the Maesta was dismantled in 1771, its power and beauty can only be imagined from scattered parts, some still in Siena, Italy, but others elsewhere.
Other noted examples of the Maestà are Simone Martini's Maestà in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, or Cimabue's fresco in the Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi.
# Apple ProFile

The ProFile (codenamed Pippin) is the first hard disk drive produced by Apple Computer, initially for use with the Apple III. The original model had a formatted capacity of 5 MB and connected to a special interface card that plugged into an Apple III slot. In 1983, Apple offered a ProFile interface card for the Apple II, with software support for Apple ProDOS and Apple Pascal.
Additionally, in 1983, Apple introduced the Lisa computer, which was normally sold with a ProFile. The ProFile could be connected to the built-in parallel port of the Lisa, or to a port on an optional dual-port parallel interface card. Up to three such interface cards could be installed, so in principle up to seven ProFile drives could be used on a Lisa.
The 5 MB ProFile was Apple's first hard drive, and was introduced in September 1981 at a price of US$3,499. Later, a 10 MB model was offered, but required an upgraded PROM/interface card to recognize the additional 5 MB.
Internally, the ProFile consisted of a bare Seagate ST-506 stepper motor drive and mechanism, without the usual Seagate electronics, a digital and an analog circuit board designed and manufactured by Apple, and a power supply.
Later Lisa models could be configured with an internal 10 MB "Widget" voice-coil drive with a proprietary controller designed and built entirely by Apple, but the Widget was never offered as an external product for use with other Apple computers.
Apple did not offer another hard drive until it released the Hard Disk 20 designed specifically for the Macintosh 512K in September 1985 which could not be used on the Apple II or III families, or Lisa series. The ProFile could not be used on the Macintosh or the Apple IIc (for which Apple never offered an external hard disk drive of any kind).
By September 1986, the ProFile would be superseded by the introduction of the first cross-platform Hard Disk 20SC SCSI-based drive for the Macintosh and interface card for the Apple II family (excluding the IIc series, which had no SCSI interface of any kind) and Lisa/XL series.
# Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange

The Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange (A.P.P.L.E.) is a users' group established in 1978 by Val Golding.

## History

The group provided software, hardware and support services for the Apple world until 1990. Val Golding left the group in 1984 and the group became a Co-Operative in 1985.
From 1990 to 2001, the group existed as a user's group only providing support to local Northwest computer users. In 2001, Bill Martens began to look into the possibility of preserving the information associated with the company and in contacting many of the former writers, board members and staff, found that there was an interest in preserving and rebuilding the company. In February 2002, this effort began with the production of Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine being restored.

## Purpose

A.P.P.L.E. is an all-volunteer Apple / Macintosh users group with no paid staff. Much of the group is currently based in the Seattle area, production is now handled in Japan and Canada. The group provides information, software, hardware, documentation, and support for all Apple computers.
A.P.P.L.E. is one of the oldest official Apple Users Groups and specializes in providing users with usable freeware and shareware. They also publish their magazine, Call-A.P.P.L.E., on a monthly basis in addition to online libraries.

## Publications

A.P.P.L.E. has published numerous books over the years, most related to modifying or programming the Apple II and Apple /// series of computers. The first book published by the group was from the personal notes of Steve Wozniak and Randy Wigginton. The 300 plus pages were photocopied and the "Wozpak" was produced complete with program tape. The book was later typeset and reproduced as the "Wozpak][" with floppy disk.
Other books included the "Call-A.P.P.L.E. In Depth" series and the "Call-A.P.P.L.E. Compendium" series which were primarily related to the source code listings from the magazines. Most of these books included floppies classified in the Anthology series. The Anthology disks were mostly Applesoft and Integer basic programs from the monthly issues of Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine. The 1981 Pascal anthology was produced by current A.P.P.L.E. president Bill Martens. Most of these books and software are still available today in CD or DVD format.
A.P.P.L.E. has produced 19 volumes of Call-A.P.P.L.E. magazine from 1978 to 1990 and 2002 to 2007. The magazine is produced on a monthly basis and contains information about all aspects of Apple computers from Apple-1 to the latest Macintosh computers with Mac OS X.
A.P.P.L.E. has also produced other publications over the years including /// Cheers! (1984–1985), 32 Little Apples (1984–1986), Mac A.P.P.L.E. (1986–1988), Mac Horizons (1988–1989), The APDA Log (1984–1989), The Mac Tech Quarterly (1989–1990) and the Co-Op Spirit (1991–1994).

## Presidents

* Founder: Val J. Golding
* 1978–1994: Richard J. Hubert
* 1994–2001: Norman Dodge
* 2006–2006: Mike Pfaiffer
* 2007–2008: Bill Martens
* 2008–2009: Mike Pfaiffer
* 2010-Present: Bill Martens
# Sue Ernest Hewling

Sue Ernest Hewling (1882 – May 17, 1962) was an American musician, band leader and educator. Her particular talent for whistling and bird sounds was featured in early novelty recordings and live performances, especially of the Ladies' Rainbow Saxophone Band, which she led.

## Early life

Sue Ernest was from Mechanicsburg, Ohio. She studied to play the cornet and saxophone as a teenager, but was already known as a proficient whistler in childhood. She attended the Conn Conservatory in Elkhart, Indiana.

## Career

She toured with various women's orchestras in her career. During World War I she organized the Ladies' Rainbow Saxophone Band (later the Ladies Rainbow Sextet), to entertain troops in camps. The players wore rainbow-themed stage costumes and the lighting carried the theme as well. They toured American cities, college campuses and other gatherings through the 1920s, bringing "a happy, lively mixture of good music", by one newspaper account. The Ladies' Rainbow Saxophone Band entertained President Warren G. Harding during his time in the White House.
In 1921, Hewling was a saleswoman with the Rodeheaver Company, selling recordings of religious music in Chicago. In 1932, she performed at a benefit for unemployed workers in Miami. In 1943 she was a drummer (and, on occasion, whistler) with the Miami All-Women Orchestra.
She and her musical partner Imogene Waldron (a member of the Ladies' Rainbow Saxophone Band) co-wrote and co-directed a children's pageant called "A Trip around the World" performed in Indiana in 1927, and co-directed a variety show in Miami in 1931, with Caesar LaMonaca as the headliner. The pair co-directed a youth harmonica band in Miami in 1934. Hewling and Waldron sometimes performed duets on musical saws, as a novelty act. In 1948, the two women were running a kindergarten together.

## Personal life

Sue Ernest married and had a son. From about 1929 she lived with fellow musician Imogene (Imo) Waldron in Miami, Florida. Sue Hewling died there in 1962, aged 80 years.
# Sujata Sadan

Sujata Sadan is a theatre auditorium in Kolkata, West Bengal. The theatre auditorium is located at 107 Harish Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026.

## Theatre

The theatre was named after Sujata Devi. The theatre is not as popular as other theatres in Kolkata like Sisir Mancha, Girish Mancha, Academy of fine arts. The one floor auditorium is comparatively small in size. But, it is said, the auditorium is very good for Intimate theatre.

## Selected plays

Here a list of selected plays staged in Sujata Sadan.

### Swapnasandhani plays

* Ajke Aamar Chhuti
* Bhalo Rakshosher Golpo
* Bhoy
* Birpurush
* Bankubabur Bandhu
* Dakghor
* Darjiparar Marjinara
* Hargaj
* Malyadan

### Other theatre groups

* Aandhare ekla by Chetana.
* Pragoitihasik by Gotraheen (Dum Dum)
* Katha Manobi by Niva Arts.
* Aadim Aranya by Gandeeb Natyam.
# Apostolic Nunciature to Andorra

The Apostolic Nunciature to Andorra is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Andorra. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. The title Apostolic Nuncio to Andorra is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Spain; he resides in Spain.

## List of papal representatives to Andorra
### Apostolic Nuncios

* Lajos Kada (6 March 1996 – 1 March 2000)
* Manuel Monteiro de Castro (1 March 2000 – 3 July 2009)
* Renzo Fratini (20 August 2009 – 4 July 2019)
* Bernardito Auza (1 October 2019 – present)
# Apostolic Gospel Church of Jesus Christ

Apostolic Gospel Church of Jesus Christ is a church in the Oneness Pentecostalism movement that was founded in Bell Gardens, California in 1963 by Donald Abernathy.
By 1968, five congregations existed in Abernathy's church in the Los Angeles region of southern California. In 1968, Abernathy reported a series of visions whereby it was shown to him that the west coast of North America would be devastated by a massive earthquake. After one of the pastors in the church reported a confirmatory vision, the church decided to relocate. Abernathy took one congregation to Atlanta, Georgia, while others went to Kennett, Missouri, Independence, Missouri, and Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
Adherents of the Apostolic Gospel Church of Jesus Christ believe in faith healing and do not approve of the use of medicine or physicians. Members are pacifists and there is a strict dress and grooming code for men and women.
The church is led by bishops and deacons and includes in its hierarchy prophets, apostles, evangelists, teachers, and laymen.
# Stylidium spathulatum

Stylidium spathulatum is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium (family Stylidiaceae). The species is informally named the creamy triggerplant for the colour of its flowers.
The flowers are yellowish-white and appear between October and January. These are presented on a scape, 0.05 to 0.5 metres above the ground, which is glandular at the base and glabrous on the upper parts. The leaves are spathulate, or inversely lance-shaped, tufted and spread out just above ground level. It is found on dunes, granite outcrops, swamps and other moist areas, amongst Eucalypts, heathland or shrubs.
It is found in the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia. The species was first described by Robert Brown in his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae of 1810, based on a collection he made in his visit to King George Sound in 1801. This was sketched and annotated for later colouring by the botanical illustrator Ferdinand Bauer, Brown's companion on HMS Investigator. The lectotype's locality is noted as Princess Royal Harbour, King George Sound.
# Stylidium sect. Verticillatae

Verticillatae is a section in the subgenus Tolypangium (genus Stylidium) that is characterized by globose capsules. Recent genetic analysis, combined with an exhaustive morphological comparison, has revealed that the classification defined by Johannes Mildbraed in 1908 is not the most accurate description of how the members of different subgenera and sections are related. As part of the Flora of Australia series, Juliet Wege will be reviewing and updating the taxonomy of the Stylidiaceae.
# Suitors Duel

Suitors Duel is a novel by Douglas Niles published by TSR in 1995.

## Plot summary

Suitors Duel is a novel involving the quest to find a goat whose udders produce wine rather than milk.

## Reception

Jonathan Palmer reviewed Suitors' Duel for Arcane magazine, rating it a 4 out of 10 overall. Palmer comments that "Written by an ex-high school teacher whose books have now sold over one million copies, this is a simplistic tale of treachery and love that will appeal to most of the younger members of his former pupilage. Nothing wrong with that, of course, but you have been warned."
# Magnitka Temirtau

Magnitka Temirtau was an ice hockey team in Temirtau, Kazakhstan. They participated in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship during the 1999–2000 season. Magnitka finished in seventh place in the first round.
# Ruh al-Qudus (magazine)

The Persian-language journal Ruh al-Qudus (روح القدس; DMG: Rūḥ al-Qudus; "The Holy Spirit“) was published biweekly from 1907 to 1908 in Tehran in a total of 29 editions. The editor was Sultan al-'Ulama Khorasani (1839-1911), a Shiite religious scholar and political activist known for supporting the Constitutional Revolution in Iran (1905-1911) and for his criticism of Mohammed Ali Shah's government.
The foundation of this revolutionary opposition journal aimed to publish opinions on prevailing political and social conditions and to openly criticize the inconveniences. Because of its not necessarily simple language, it is assumed that a more politically educated and oppositional readership should be reached.
Together with the magazines Musavat and Sur-e Esrafil, Ruh al-Qudus contributed significantly to the support of the Constitutional Revolution through its revolutionary and aggressive orientation. After Mohammed Ali Shah's accession to the throne and the counterrevolution in June 1908, the magazine, as many other Iranian press mediums, was finally banned.
# Ruh khitch

Ruh khitch, translated from Punjabi as 'Spirit Pulling', refers to the way the photographer puts his hand inside the purpose built camera containing a mobile darkroom and pulls out the photograph.
Traditional ruh khitch is a way in which black-and-white photographs can be taken, printed and sold to a client without a studio or darkroom. It was practised throughout the twentieth century, mostly in South Asia by photographers who worked on the pavement near government offices (where passport size portraits were needed), and at tourist attractions like the Bhatti Gate of the walled city of Lahore. It was also practiced in Havana, Cuba, especially on the steps of the capitol building; see Laura Gooch "Instant Street Photos, Havana Style," Popular Photography, March 2000.

## Technical details

The camera is just large enough to contain a focusing screen and two trays of photographic chemicals; developer and fixer. This mini darkroom/camera combo allows an image to be shot, on photographic paper, and processed within two minutes. Being able to judge the exposure by examining the negative is an important feature in a camera that has no shutter. The lenses usually came from an old enlarger and the exposure times are typically between 1 and 4 seconds. This means all photographs are taken with the cooperation of the subject who has to remain as still as possible during the exposure. As with many old photographic processes that had long exposure times, a kind of neck brace was employed to aid the subjects to remain still.

## History

There is very little documentation of the history of ruh khitch and its often prolific exponents. The photographer Malcolm Hutcheson, who has a long history of working in Pakistan, has collected the cameras and any images he finds for over ten years which he used to curate an international exhibition on the subject. He researched and collected the work of three photographers, Gogi Pehlwan (also a famous wrestler) and Amin Naveed of Bhatti Gate, Lahore and Babba Bhutta of Sheikhupura. Their combined work gives an indication of how the majority of Punjabis saw themselves over the last 50 years of the century. All three of these photographers started working in the 1950s until around the turn of the century when digital photography finally brought the technique to an end. Malcolm Hutcheson is also the only modern practitioner of ruh khitch photography using the technique to tackle subjects of the environment and human rights.
   "I use digital means to make my prints or print negatives that are then printed on hand made photographic paper. I do all stages of the processing myself.The camera with a darkroom inside allows me to abandon using a light meter as I can proof the negatives as soon as they are shot. I sense the exposure and each photograph is based on my judgement of all the elements that make the photograph."
In 2008, Malcolm Hutcheson was nominated for the Prix Pictet, the world's premier photographic award in sustainability with a series of ruh khitch photographs taken on the subject of the water and sewage systems of Lahore.
# Runanga

Runanga may refer to:
* Rūnanga, a traditional Māori assembly or tribal gathering
* Rūnanga, the governing council or administrative group of a Māori Hapū or Iwi
* Rūnanga, a Maori (language) translation of board of directors or council
* Runanga, New Zealand, a small town on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island
* Runanga (crater)
* Runanga Lake, in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand's North Island
# Ruikheda

Ruikheda (or Ruikhede) is a village in Muktainagar taluka of Jalgaon district in Maharashtra, India.

## Geography

The village is situated at an elevation of 252 meters above sea level. Ruikheda is in North Maharashtra. Ghodasgaon is present to the northeast of the village. The village of Bhangura is to the southeast of the village. The village of Taroda is to the northeast. Jalgaon is 66 km (41 mi) from Ruikheda.

## Demographics

According to 2011 Census, the population of the village consists of 831 families. It has 1853 males and 1764 females. There are 398 kids under the age of six, out of whom 190 are girls and 208 are boys. 2537 people are literate in this village, out of whom 1076 are female and 1461 are male. 598 people are from scheduled castes, while 183 are from scheduled tribes.

## Administration

Ruikheda is part of the Muktainagar Vidhan Sabha constituency and Raver Lok Sabha constituency. It is in the Nashik division of Maharashtra and is part of the Bhusaval subdivision.

## Education

This village has a Marathi-medium primary school, which teaches first to fourth grade. Manjabai Mahadu Narkhede Vidyalaya, established in 1972, is a high school.
# April 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

April 22 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - April 24
All fixed commemorations below are observed on May 6 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For April 23, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the saints listed on April 10.

## Saints

* Martyrs Donatus and Therinus of Bothrotus, in Epirus (c. 250)
* Holy Glorious Great-martyr and Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George (303)
* Martyr Polychronia, mother of Great-martyr Saint George, a Greek native of Lydda (Diospolis) (303)
* Martyrs Anatolius and Protoleon, soldiers converted by witnessing the martyrdom of St. George; and martyrs Glycerius and Athanasius the Magician, at Nicomedia (303)
* Martyr Valerius, by the sword.
* Martyr Alexandra the Empress, wife of Diocletian (303) (see also: April 21)

## Pre-Schism Western saints

* Martyrs Felix, Fortunatus, and Achilleus, at Valence in France (212) (see also: April 24)
* Saint Marolus, a Syrian by origin, he became Bishop of Milan in Italy in 408 (423)
* Saint Ibar of Beggerin (Iberius, Ivor), an enlightener in Ireland, who mainly preached in Leinster and Meath (5th century)
* Saint Pusinna, a holy virgin in Champagne in France who had six sisters, all widely honoured as saints (5th-6th centuries)
* Saint Gerard of Toul, Bishop of Toul in France (994)
* Saint Adalbert of Prague (Voitech), Bishop of Prague (997)

## Post-Schism Orthodox saints

* Blessed George of Shenkursk, Fool-for-Christ (1462)
* New Martyr George of Cyprus, at Ptolemais (1752)
* King Solomon I of Imeretia, Georgia (1784)
* New Martyr Lazarus of Bulgaria, who suffered at Pergamus (1802)
* Blessed Sophia of Kleisoura (Myrtidiotissa in Schema), the ascetic of Kleisoura, Fool-for-Christ (1974) (see also: May 6 - ns)

### New martyrs and confessors

* New Hieromartyr Priest Igor (George) of Spas Chekriak village, Russia (1918)
* New Hieromartyr John Anserov, Priest of Alma-Ata (1940)
* New Hieromartyr Sergius Zacharczuk, priest, of Nabroz, Chełm and Podlasie, Poland (1943)

## Other commemorations

* Repose of Bishop Barnabas (Belyaev) of Nizhny Novgorod (1963)

## Icon gallery

* Holy Glorious Great-martyr and Victory-bearer and Wonderworker George.
* Altar with sarcophagus containing the relics of Saint Venerius, Marolus, Glycerius, Lazarus, Bishops of Milan.
* Saint Ibar of Beggerin
* Tomb of Saint Gerard of Toul in the cathedral of Toul.
* Saint Adalbert of Prague (15th century)
* Bishop Barnabas (Belyaev) of Nizhni-Novgorod.
# Sunbeam, Colorado

Sunbeam is an unincorporated community in Moffat County, in the U.S. state of Colorado.

## History

A post office called Sunbeam was established in 1912, and remained in operation until 1942. The community was named for the ample sunshine at the town site.
# Nõmmeveski

Nõmmeveski is a village in Kuusalu Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia, in Lahemaa National Park. It lies on the Valgejõgi River, where there is a 1.2 m (4 ft) waterfall.

## Name

The name Nõmmeveski means 'heath mill' (< nõmm 'heath, moor' + veski 'mill'). The site of the mill was originally called Vanaveski (literally, 'old mill') and was attested in written sources as quarn Wanna Weskil in the 17th century, when it was part of the neighboring village of Vanaküla. In 1712, Wanna Külla Möll is mentioned among the scattered farms belonging to Kõnnu, and Enn Tarvel identified this name with Nõmmeveski. The settlement name is attested in 1739 as part of the personal name Nöm̄e Weski Mick, and in 1796 Ludwig August Mellin designated two mills under the name Nömme.