OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# BL 12-inch Mk XI – XII naval gun

The BL 12-inch Mark XI and Mark XII gun were British breech loading (BL) naval guns of 50-calibres length mounted as primary armament on dreadnought battleships from 1910.

## History

In an effort to increase the armour-piercing capability and range of a 12-inch gun, the 50 calibres/600 inches Mk XI's barrel was 5 calibres/60 inches longer than the previous Mk X gun's 45 calibres. As a result, muzzle velocity increased from 2,700 feet per second (820 m/s) to 2,825 feet per second (861 m/s), but bore erosion, which led to short barrel life, and poor accuracy due to inconsistent cordite propellant burning, hampered the gun. The Mk XII derived from it suffered from the same problems.
Instead of attempting to improve their 12-inch gun, the British developed the 13.5-inch Mk V gun of 45-calibres, which could achieve greater range at lower muzzle velocities due to its larger shell.
Mk XI guns were mounted on:
* St. Vincent-class battleships laid down 1907, commissioned 1910
* HMS Neptune laid down 1909, commissioned 1911
Mk XII guns were mounted on:
* Colossus-class battleships laid down 1909, commissioned 1911
# Taylor microscale

In fluid dynamics, the Taylor microscale, which is sometimes called the turbulence length scale, is a length scale used to characterize a turbulent fluid flow. This microscale is named after Geoffrey Ingram Taylor. The Taylor microscale is the intermediate length scale at which fluid viscosity significantly affects the dynamics of turbulent eddies in the flow. This length scale is traditionally applied to turbulent flow which can be characterized by a Kolmogorov spectrum of velocity fluctuations. In such a flow, length scales which are larger than the Taylor microscale are not strongly affected by viscosity. These larger length scales in the flow are generally referred to as the inertial range. Below the Taylor microscale the turbulent motions are subject to strong viscous forces and kinetic energy is dissipated into heat. These shorter length scale motions are generally termed the dissipation range.
Calculation of the Taylor microscale is not entirely straightforward, requiring formation of certain flow correlation function(s), then expanding in a Taylor series and using the first non-zero term to characterize an osculating parabola. The Taylor microscale is proportional to ${\text{Re}}^{-1/2}$, while the Kolmogorov microscale is proportional to ${\text{Re}}^{-3/4}$, where ${\text{Re}}$ is the integral scale Reynolds number. A turbulence Reynolds number calculated based on the Taylor microscale $\lambda$ is given by
    ${\text{Re}}_{\lambda }={\frac {\langle \mathbf {v'} \rangle _{rms}\lambda }{\nu }},$
where $\langle \mathbf {v'} \rangle _{rms}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {3}}}{\sqrt {(v'_{1})^{2}+(v'_{2})^{2}+(v'_{3})^{2}}}$ is the root mean square of the velocity fluctuations. The Taylor microscale is given as
    $\lambda ={\sqrt {15{\frac {\nu }{\epsilon }}}}\langle \mathbf {v'} \rangle _{rms},$
where $\nu$ is the kinematic viscosity, and $\epsilon$ is the rate of energy dissipation. A relation with turbulence kinetic energy $k$ can be derived as
    $\lambda \approx {\sqrt {10\nu {\frac {k}{\epsilon }}}}.$
The Taylor microscale gives a convenient estimation for the fluctuating strain rate field
    $\left({\frac {\partial \langle \mathbf {v} '\rangle _{rms}}{\partial \mathbf {x} }}\right)^{2}={\frac {\langle \mathbf {v} '\rangle _{rms}^{2}}{\lambda ^{2}}}.$

## Other relations

The Taylor microscale falls in between the large-scale eddies and the small-scale eddies, which can be seen by calculating the ratios between $\lambda$ and the Kolmogorov microscale $\eta$. Given the length scale of the larger eddies $l\propto {\frac {k^{3/2}}{\epsilon }}$, and the turbulence Reynolds number ${\text{Re}}_{l}$ referred to these eddies, the following relations can be obtained:
    ${\frac {\lambda }{l}}={\sqrt {10}}\,{\text{Re}}_{l}^{-1/2}$
    ${\frac {\eta }{l}}={\text{Re}}_{l}^{-3/4}$
    ${\frac {\lambda }{\eta }}={\sqrt {10}}\,{\text{Re}}_{l}^{1/4}$
    $\lambda ={\sqrt {10}}\,\eta ^{2/3}l^{1/3}$
# Badminton at the 2019 Pan American Games – Women's doubles

The Women's doubles badminton event at the 2019 Pan American Games will be held from July 30 – August 2 at the Polideportivo 3 in Lima, Peru. The defending Pan American Games champion is Eva Lee and Paula Lynn Obañana of the United States.
Each National Olympic Committee could enter a maximum of four athletes (two pairs) into the competition. The athletes will be drawn into an elimination stage draw. Once a team lost a match, it will be not longer be able to compete. Each match will be contested as the best of three games.

## Seeds

The following pairs were seeded:
* Rachel Honderich / Kristen Tsai (CAN) (champions)
* Daniela Macías / Dánica Nishimura (PER) (quarterfinals)

## Results
### Bracket

| First Round | First Round | First Round | First Round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | | 1 | R Honderich (CAN) K Tsai (CAN) | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | |
| I Castillo (PER) P la Torre Regal (PER) | 21 | 21 | | | I Castillo (PER) P la Torre Regal (PER) | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| S Scott (BAR) T Williams (BAR) | 12 | 12 | | | | | | | 1 | R Honderich (CAN) K Tsai (CAN) | 21 | 21 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | T Santos (BRA) F Silva (BRA) | 5 | 8 | | | | | |
| | | | | | A Montre (CHI) C Naranjo (CHI) | 7 | 13 | | | | | | | | | | |
| D Corleto (GUA) N Sotomayor (GUA) | 21 | 20 | 16 | | T Santos (BRA) F Silva (BRA) | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | |
| T Santos (BRA) F Silva (BRA) | 14 | 22 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | R Honderich (CAN) K Tsai (CAN) | 21 | 21 |
| T Oropeza (CUB) Y Ortiz (CUB) | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | K-Y Chen (USA) J Hsu (USA) | 10 | 9 |
| T Richardson (JAM) K Wynter (JAM) | 13 | 11 | | | T Oropeza (CUB) Y Ortiz (CUB) | 16 | 15 | | | | | | | | | | |
| H Gaitan (MEX) A Valero (MEX) | 18 | 16 | | | K-Y Chen (USA) J Hsu (USA) | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | |
| K-Y Chen (USA) J Hsu (USA) | 21 | 21 | | | | | | | | K-Y Chen (USA) J Hsu (USA) | 17 | 21 | 21 | | | | |
| N A Jiménez (DOM) B Polanco (DOM) | 13 | 23 | 18 | | | | | | | J Lima (BRA) S Lima (BRA) | 21 | 12 | 18 | | | | |
| J Lima (BRA) S Lima (BRA) | 21 | 21 | 21 | | J Lima (BRA) S Lima (BRA) | 15 | 21 | 24 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | 2 | D Macías (PER) D Nishimura (PER) | 21 | 15 | 22 | | | | | | | | | |
# Sayellini

Sayellini is a taxonomic tribe of minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs, or micromollusks, in the very large family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Taxonomy

The subfamily Sayellinae is one of eleven recognised in the family Pyramidellidae, according to the taxonomy of Ponder & Lindberg (1997).
According to Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgen (1999) there are only two genera in this sub-family.
In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), this subfamily has been downgraded to the rank of tribe Sayellini in the subfamily Pyramidellinae.

## Genera

* Sayella Dall, 1885 - type genus of the tribe Sayellini
* Petitella Wise, 1996
# Teacher Don't Teach Me Nonsense

Teacher Don't Teach Me Nonsense is a 1986 studio album by Fela Kuti and the Egypt 80.

## Background

The album consists of two tracks. "Look and Laugh" is a chronicle of an attack of Kalakuta Republic with the burning of his property and killing of his mother by Nigerian Soldiers. He sang "Till dem come/burn my house/burn my house/all my property/burn burn dem/beat beat me/kill my mama." In "Teacher Don't Teach Me Nonsense", Fela extols culture and tradition as the ultimate teacher and emphasises the need to enshrine African culture and tradition. He pointed out that the use of the western system of education was erroneous seeing as African children are taught about foreigners who "discovered" indigenous geographical landmarks which were not previously hidden. He also discussed issues relating to corruption, bad governance, mismanagement and undemocratic rule which plagued African countries.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Fela Kuti

## Production and release

The album was produced by Wally Badarou.
The album has been rereleased on multiple occasions. The track, ''Just Like That'' was added as a bonus to a 2001 release by MCA; this track was initially released on Kuti's Beast of No Nation album in 1989.

## Reception

It was described as a message to the Nigerian government on education and poor governance.
In his review, John Dougan of AllMusic said "Badarou's production help gives Fela his most full-bodied sound; the horn section is much hotter and brassier than ever before. The problem with this record is that with following an instrumental track with a vocal version of the same song, there's a certain lack of drama that blunts the impact of songs as powerful as "Look and Laugh." That said, this is very good mid-'80s Fela." He rated the album 3 out of 5.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | B+ |
| Tom Hull – on the Web | |

## Personnel

| Instrument/Role | Personnel |
| Shekere | Lamptey Addo, George Kassim |
| Congas | Ajayi Adebiyi, Michael Obeatta |
| Sax (Tenor) | Oyinade Adeniran, Yinusa Akinibosun, Fela Kuti & Africa 70 |
| Sax (Baritone) | Lekan Animashaun, Rilwan Fagbemi |
| Sax (Alto) | Kola Oni |
| Dancer | Nosa Amayo, Serwa Asiedu, Pulcherie Hoga, Funmilayo Anikulapo Kuti, Najite Anikulapo Kuti, Jumoke Osunla |
| Producer | Wally Badarou |
| Mixing | Joelle Bauer |
| Engineer | Hervé Marignac |
| Mastering | Hervé Marignac |
| Assistant engineer | Sege Deveres |
| Trumpet | Akomeah Dodo, Stephen Nkem, Oye Shobowale, Bola Taiwo, Stephen Ukem |
| Piano | Keji Hamilton |
| Guitar | Clifford Itoje, Fela Kuti, Itam Mann, Soji Odukogbe |
| Vocals | Fehintola A. Kuti, Fela Kuti, Folake A. Kuti, Keuwe A. Kuti, Idolo Umokoro, Kemi Williams |
| Composer | Fela Kuti |
| Cover photo | Bernard Matussiere |
| Drums | Ijagun Benjy Ola, Atiba Tiamiyu |
| Bass | Femi Oladegunwa |
# Teacher Education and Special Education

Teacher Education and Special Education is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of education of children with disabilities. The editor-in-chief is Laurie deBettencourt (Johns Hopkins University). It was established in 1977 and is published by SAGE Publications in association with the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* ASSIA - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts
* Educational Research Abstracts Online
* ERIC
* Exceptional Child Education Resources
* Wilson Education Index
# Max Müller Library

The Max Müller Library was a library in Japan named after Max Müller, and held books mainly focused on languages and religion. It was badly damaged during an earthquake and the following fires in September 1923.
# Teatro Variedades

The Teatro Variedades was a famous Colosseum in the city of Madrid, Spain, in the 19th century. Erected in 1847, the theater was located at 40 Magdalena Street. It was known once as one of the most entertaining theatres for the not-so-demanding general public. There, the Boufee genre, the political revue and other minor theatrical genres were inventively exploited. The theater was consumed by flames in a fire on 29 January 1888, resulting in its demolition because of its wooden foundations.
# Saskatchewan Senior Hockey League

The Saskatchewan Senior Hockey League (SSHL) was a senior amateur ice hockey league that operated in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan on-and-off from 1938 to 1971.

## History

Before the 1938–39 season there were Northern and Southern leagues in the province. They merged in 1938 to form the one provincial league. The championship team went on in the Allan Cup as Saskatchewan's representative. In 1941 the Regina Rangers won the SSHL's only Allan Cup title.
The league carried on through most of World War II but disbanded in 1944-45 because of a shortage of players and the difficulty of travelling. From the 1945–46 season through the 1949-50 season, senior teams in Regina and Saskatoon joined up with Calgary and Edmonton to form the Western Canada Senior Hockey League (WCSHL). The SSHL lay dormant until 1950 when the WCSHL moved up to the major level and competed for the Alexander Cup.
The SSHL was revived for 1950–51, again sending its champions to the Allan Cup playoffs, but only lasted until 1954–55. The Western Hockey League (WHL) operated in the province and the SSHL could not compete. It started up again in 1958-59 after the WHL left the province and operated until 1964–65. In 1965 the teams again merged with teams from Alberta to form a revived Western Canada Senior Hockey League. This new league lasted for two seasons when the teams again split on provincial lines.
The SSHL started up again in 1967-68 and lasted until 1971 when another merger formed the Prairie Senior Hockey League.

## Notable people

* Al Pickard, league president from 1940 to 1942, and again from 1951 to 1953.

## Champions

* 1938-39: Saskatoon Quakers
* 1939-40: Moose Jaw Millers
* 1940-41: Regina Rangers
* 1941-42: Saskatoon Quakers
* 1942-43: Regina Army Capitals
* 1943-44: Flin Flon Bombers
* 1944-1950 did not operate
* 1950-51: Yorkton Legion
* 1951-52: Melville Millionaires
* 1952-53: Regina Caps
* 1953-54: Moose Jaw Millers
* 1954-1958 did not operate
* 1958-59: Regina Caps
* 1959-60: Saskatoon Quakers
* 1960-61: Moose Jaw Pla-Mors
* 1961-62: Saskatoon Quakers
* 1962-63: Saskatoon Quakers
* 1963-64: Saskatoon Quakers
* 1964-65: Moose Jaw Pla-Mors
* 1965-1967 did not operate
* 1967-68: Yorkton Terriers
* 1968-69: Regina Caps
* 1969-70: Yorkton Terriers
* 1970-71: Yorkton Terriers
# Bagh-e Rezvan Cemetery (Isfahan)

Bagh-e Rezvan Cemetery is the biggest cemetery in Isfahan, Iran. There is a 55000m² water reservoir in the graveyard built in 2024, the biggest in the city.
It is at 12 kilometers east of Isfahan.

## Notable burials

* Lotfollāh Honarfar (fa) (1919–2006) – scholar
* Ardeshir Hosseinpour (1962–2007) – scientist
* Rezā Arhām Sadr (fa) (1923–2008) – actor
* Mohammad Hoqouqi (1937–2009) – poet
* Clārā Stepāniāns (fa) (1929–2015) – actress
* Mahmoud Yāvari (1939–2020) – football coach and player
* Hushang Harirchiān (1932–2024) – actor
# Max Pressler

Max Robert Pressler (17 January 1815 – 30 September 1886) was a German forester noted for his inventions and writing.

## Biography

He was born in Dresden, and studied at the school of technology there (now called the Dresden University of Technology). He then taught mathematics and polytechnic engineering in Zittau (1836-1840), and was later a professor in the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry at Tharandt from 1840 until 1883.
Pressler contributed largely to the advance of forestry by his inventions, among which the most important is the “Messknecht” for measuring the height of trees, and by his writings, which are full of novel theories, for the most part based on exact calculation. Der rationelle Waldwirt und sein Nachhaltswaldbau höchsten Reinertrags (“Rational forestry and sustainable management for highest profit,” 1858-85), his chief work, is a protest against the methods of the old school.
# Back from the Edge (disambiguation)

Back from the Edge is a 2016 album by James Arthur, and its title song.
Back from the Edge may also refer to:
* "Back from the Edge" (song), a 1996 song by Bruce Dickinson
* Back from the Edge, a 2006 album by The Green Ray
* Back from the Edge, a 2014 album by Mindmaze
* "Back from the Edge", a 2015 song by B12
# Max Barsky

Max Barsky may refer to
* David Starr (wrestler) (born 1991), American wrestler
* Max Barskih (born 1990), Ukrainian singer
# BZU

BZU may refer to:
* Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
* Bir Zeit University, West Bank
* bzu, Burmeso ISO 639-3 language code
# BZQ

BZQ or bzq may refer to:
* Bolzano/Bozen railway station (IATA: BZQ), the main station of Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy
* Buli language (Indonesia) (ISO 639-3: bzq), an Austronesian language of southern Halmahera, Indonesia
* Seneca Polytechnic, by ICAO airline designator
# Sbikha

Sbikha is a town and commune in the Kairouan Governorate, Tunisia. As of 2004 it had a population of 6,776.
# Bab er-Rouah

Bab er-Rouah (also spelled Bab er-Ruwah or Bab Rouah) is a monumental gate in the Almohad-era ramparts of Rabat, Morocco.

## History

It was built by the Almohad caliph Ya'qub al-Mansur in the late 12th century, as part of the monumental capital he started building here. The gate and its adjoining ramparts were finished by 1197. The Arabic name Bab ar-Ruwah, meaning "Gate of the Winds", likely derives from the strong Atlantic winds which batter the city.
The entrance archway of the gate today is smaller than it was originally because it has been partly filled-in with smaller stones. This reduction dates from the time of the Alaouite sultan Sidi Muhammad ibn Abdallah (second half of 18th century), who made similar adjustments to the Bab Agnaou gate in Marrakesh.$^{:480}$
Today the gate's interior has been converted into an art gallery. It was recently renovated in 2000–2001.

## Architecture

The gate is notable for its defensive structure as well as for its rich stone-carved decoration which is comparable to other monumental Almohad gates such as Bab Oudaia to the north (also in Rabat) and to Bab Agnaou in Marrakesh. The gate was built in reddish stone but the constant blow of the seaborne winds has changed much of its colour to a duller grey. The gate's exterior entrance is flanked by two bastion towers. The archway of the entrance was partially filled-in with a smaller arch under the Alaouite sultan Muhammad ibn Abdallah in the second half of the 18th century.
The decoration of the gate's outer façade includes three concentric semi-circles carved with polylobed and radiating motifs, which are in turn framed inside a rectangular alfiz. The two ends of the innermost semi-circle, at the spring of the arch, are carved into "S"-like serpentine forms which are also seen at Bab Oudaia but very rarely elsewhere. The spandrels between in the corners within this alfiz are carved with arabesque vegetal motifs in at the center of which is a carved seashell. The frame of the alfiz itself contains an Arabic inscription in Kufic script featuring a Qur'anic verse, translated as the following:
   Be a community that calls for what is good, urges what is right, and forbids what is wrong: those who do this are the successful ones. Do not be like those who, after they have been given clear revelation, split into factions and fall into disputes: a terrible punishment awaits such people.
The gate's interior passage passes through four chambers and turns 90 degrees four times, constituting a complex bent entrance typical of Almohad military architecture. One of the chambers was originally open from above (but is sheltered by a roof today) so that the defenders could throw projectiles onto any attackers entering the gate. The inner façade of the gate, facing towards the city, is more simply decorated with a single polylobed semi-circle carved around the horseshoe archway, which is framed by a wide band filled with a sebka pattern.
# Bacouel-sur-Selle

Bacouel-sur-Selle (French pronunciation:, literally Bacouel on Selle; Picard: Bacoué-su-Selle) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Situated 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Amiens, on the banks of the Selle river, a couple of kilometres from the A16 autoroute junction with the A29.
# Bacouël

Bacouël (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. Breteuil-Embranchement station has rail connections to Amiens, Creil and Paris.
# Baharon

Baharon may refer to:
* Aashiq Hoon Baharon Ka, a 1977 Indian Hindi-language romance film drama by J. Om Prakash
* Baharon Ke Sapne, a 1967 Indian film under the Nasir Hussain films banner
* Baharon Ki Manzil (disambiguation)
** Baharon Ki Manzil (1968 film), a 1968 Indian Hindi-language film by Yakub Hassan Rizvi
** Baharon Ki Manzil (1973 film), a 1973 Pakistani film directed by S. Suleman
* Baharon Phool Barsao, a 1972 Bollywood romance film
* "Baharon Phool Barsao" (song), a 1966 song by Mohammed Rafi
# Telephone game (game theory)

The Telephone game is an example of a coordination game potentially having more than one Nash equilibrium proposed by David Lewis. The game was based on a convention in Lewis's home town of Oberlin, Ohio that when a telephone call was cut off then the caller would redial the callee.

## Equilibrium analysis

This game involves two players in a town having a telephone service with only one telephone line that cuts callers off after a set period of time (e.g., five minutes) if their call is not completed. Assuming one player (the caller) calls a second player (the callee) and is cut-off, then the players will have two potential strategies - wait for the other to dial them back, or redial to call the other. If both players wait, then no call will be completed, resulting in zero benefit to either player. If both players call each other, then they will get a busy signal, again, resulting in zero benefit to either party. In a simple case where the cost of calling is negligible then it is equally optimal for both parties for one of the caller and the callee to wait whilst the other redials (represented as a benefit of 10 for both parties in Fig. 1) and as such this is a pure coordination game.
| | Wait | Redial |
| Wait | 0, 0 | 10, 10 |
| Redial | 10, 10 | 0, 0 |
| Fig. 1: Telephone Game |||
In a more complex version of the game (Fig. 2), if the cost of calling is high, then the players will prefer the waiting strategy with its resulting deadlock. If one player calls and the other waits then the player that waits will receive a benefit (say, 6) and the player that calls will receive a lesser benefit as they have to pay the cost of the call (say, 3). In this case there are two potential Nash equilibria.
| | Wait | Redial |
| Wait | 0, 0 | 3, 6 |
| Redial | 6, 3 | 0, 0 |
| Fig. 2: Telephone Game (modified) |||
# Backfire at the Disco

"Backfire at the Disco" is a single from British indie band, the Wombats. It is from their debut album, The Wombats Proudly Present: A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation. It was originally released on April 9, 2007, but was re-released on April 21, 2008.

## Formats and track listings

Track listings of major single releases of "Backfire at the Disco".

### First release

UK CD single (Released April 9, 2007)
* "Backfire at the Disco"
* "Backfire at the Disco (KGB Remix)
UK 7" single (Gatefold Sleeve, Coloured Vinyl) (Released April 9, 2007)
* "Backfire at the Disco"
* "Little Miss Pipedream"
UK 7" single (Picture Disc) (Released April 9, 2007)
* "Backfire at the Disco"
* "Moving to New York (BBC Radio 1 Session)"

### Second release

UK CD single (Released April 21, 2008)
* "Backfire at the Disco"
* "Patience (BBC Radio 1 Live Version)"
UK 7" single (Coloured Vinyl) (Released April 21, 2008)
* "Backfire at the Disco (Live from The JD Set feat. Peter Hook)"
* "Let’s Dance to Joy Division (Live acoustic version)"
UK 7" single (Picture Disc) (Released April 21, 2008)
* "Backfire at the Disco (South Central remix)"
* "Caravan in Wales"

## Reviews

In reviews, Backfire at the Disco is said to "gnaw itself into your brain like some kind of tropical disease". It is also said to be one of "three superb singles in a row from The Wombats". The video contains a pastiche of the famous derided 1979 video from Cliff Richard "Wired for Sound". This involves people in lurid spandex outfits on roller skates. The Cliff Richard video is currently in the Top 5 Worst Videos ever made on VH1.

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 67 |
| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 40 |