OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Taktsé Castle

'Taktsé Castle (Tibetan: སྟག་རྩེ་, Wylie: Stag-rtse) was a castle located in the Chingwa (Wylie: Phying-ba) district of Chonggyä (Wylie: Phyongs-rgyas') in central Tibet. According to legend, it was home to the kings of Tibet before Songtsen Gampo (604–650) moved his capital to Lhasa. It later became the birthplace of the Great Fifth Dalai Lama (1617–1682), whose aristocratic family had made their home there.
Its ruins remain.

## History

The power that became the Tibetan state originated at the Taktsé Castle, which, according to legend, had been built by the 9th Emperor of Tibet, Chatri Tsenpo, and thus was, of old, the centre of power of the future Tibetan monarchy. According to the Old Tibetan Chronicle, in the early 7th century a group convinced Tagbu Nyazig (Stag-bu snya-gzigs) to rebel against Gudri Zingpoje (Dgu-gri Zing-po-rje), who was, in turn, a vassal of the Zhangzhung empire under the Lig Myi dynasty. The group prevailed against Zingpoje. At this point, Namri Songtsen (also known as Namri Löntsän) led his clan to, one by one, prevail over all his neighboring clans, using the easily defensible Taktse Castle effectively for military purposes. Before his assassination around 618, he gained control of all the area around what is now Lhasa, laying the stage for his son, Songsten Gampo, to craft the regional state that would later become known as the Tibetan Empire. The government of Namri Songtsen, centred at the castle, also sent two embassies to the Chinese Sui dynasty in 608 and 609, marking the appearance of Tibet on the international scene.
# Christiana vescoana

Christiana vescoana is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It is endemic to the Society Islands (Moorea and Tahiti) in French Polynesia.
# The Listserve

The Listserve was a global email lottery, where one subscriber was randomly selected each day to send an email to all other subscribers. The project started in April 2012 and was designed as a social experiment, aiming to give ordinary people a platform to share their thoughts with a large audience, while only allowing readers to reply directly to the writer.

## History

The Listserve was created by Alvin Chang, Greg Dorsainville, Yoonjo Choi, Zena Koo, and Josh Begley. They conceived of the idea as graduate students at New York University's Interactive Telecommunications Program (ITP). The idea behind The Listserve was to explore what people would say if they had the opportunity to address a large audience with a single email. Each day, a random subscriber was chosen to send an email to all other subscribers.
The project quickly gained attention and grew in popularity, amassing tens of thousands of subscribers from around the world. The emails covered a wide range of topics, from personal stories and advice to political opinions and philosophical musings.
The Listserve ceased operations in 2018.

## Format

Subscribers to The Listserve received one email per day, written by a randomly selected member of the list. The emails were unedited. There were no specific rules about what could be shared, but contributors were encouraged to be thoughtful and respectful.

## Reception

The Listserve received significant media attention shortly after its launch. It was praised for its simplicity and the unique way it facilitated personal communication, counter to the popular social media platforms of the era. Publications such as The New York Times, Time, The Wall Street Journal, and The Observer covered The Listserve, highlighting the diverse range of content that subscribers shared. One Listserve winner used her email to invite the email list to a picnic in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, which led to a gathering of several dozen people on August 26, 2012.
Critics, however, pointed out that the platform's unmoderated nature could lead to the spread of misinformation or offensive content. Despite these concerns, the platform maintained a positive reputation throughout its operation.
# America (Sufjan Stevens song)

"America" is a song by American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist Sufjan Stevens. It was released as the lead single from the album The Ascension through Asthmatic Kitty on July 3, 2020.

## Background and composition

Stevens announced his upcoming eighth studio album, titled The Ascension, as well as its lead single, "America", on June 30, 2020. In his announcement, Stevens declared "America" as a "protest song against the sickness of American culture in particular". The song was first written in 2014 during the time that Stevens was working on his seventh studio album, Carrie & Lowell. It has also been described as a "twelve-minute rumination on disillusionment, suffering, and loss of faith in [Stevens's] nation".

## Critical reception

Awarding "America" four stars out of five, NME's El Hunt deemed it "weighty and substantial". Sam Sodomsky of Pitchfork gave it the publication's Best New Track designation and took note of the song's "characteristically sprawling arsenal—its symphonic slow-build, its sea of recorders, its climactic, singalong chorus". British GQ's Jonathan Dean praised the song's "intense and building lament that packs in claustrophobia and beauty" and its "end stretch twinkling ambiance". In her review of The Ascension for NPR, Lindsay Zoladz called "America" "the best and most barbed song [Stevens has] released in the past five years".

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "America" :
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| Various | July 3, 2020 | Digital downloadstreaming | Asthmatic Kitty | |
| Various | July 31, 2020 | 12-inch vinyl | Asthmatic Kitty | |
# Silvan Reservoir

The Silvan Reservoir is located in Silvan about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It has a capacity of 40,000 ML (1.4 billion cu ft). The reservoir is operated by Melbourne Water.

## Operations

Silvan is an off-stream storage reservoir, meaning that most of the water is sourced from other reservoirs as the actual catchment area of 9 square kilometres (3.5 sq mi) for Silvan is small. Water for Silvan is transferred from Upper Yarra, O'Shannassy and Thomson (via Upper Yarra) reservoirs.
In turn, Silvan directly supplies water to many of Melbourne's eastern suburbs as well as other off-stream storage reservoirs, including Cardinia and Greenvale.

## History

A severe drought in 1914 forced the government to search for a new water supply to handle Melbourne's ever-increasing needs. Construction took place between 1926 and 1931. It was officially opened on 7 July 1931. The reservoir was 644 metres (2,113 ft) long, 219 metres (719 ft) wide, creating a reservoir that is 43 metres (141 ft) deep.
In 1983, the wall started to show cracks and remedial works were undertaken. The picnic ground was added to the Silvan Reservoir Park at this time, which is now managed by Parks Victoria.
# Essay for Orchestra

Samuel Barber's Essay for Orchestra, Op. 12, completed in the first half of 1938, is an orchestral work in one movement. It was given its first performance by Arturo Toscanini with the NBC Symphony Orchestra on November 5, 1938 in New York in a radio broadcast concert in which the composer's Adagio for Strings saw its first performance. It lasts around 8 minutes and is dedicated "To C.E." The essay is now known as the First Essay for Orchestra after Barber wrote his Second Essay for Orchestra in 1942. He also wrote a Third Essay in 1978.
Barber visited Toscanini several times in 1933 at his villa on Isola di San Giovanni in Lago Maggiore, and the world-famous conductor told Barber that he would like to perform one of his works. This was a great honor for the young composer, particularly because Toscanini rarely performed works by contemporary or American composers. Barber presented his work to Toscanini in the spring of 1938, together with the score of the Adagio for Strings.
The First Essay resembles but is not equivalent to a first movement of a symphony.
Besides the world premiere in 1938, Toscanini also performed the music on January 24, 1942, in a special War Bonds performance that was preserved on transcription discs; Toscanini never made a commercial recording of the music. Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra recorded the music in 1942 for RCA Victor in the Academy of Music. Neeme Järvi with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Leonard Slatkin with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, and Daniel Kawka with the Orchestra Sinfonica Nazionale della RAI have all recorded all three of Barber's Essays.
# Neutral Records

Neutral Records is an independent record label. Glenn Branca ran the label during the No Wave and post-punk scene in the Lower East Side, New York City, in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Among their releases were early records by Swans and the first EP by Sonic Youth as well as Confusion Is Sex.

## Sources

* Article by Alan Licht about Glenn Branca mentioning Neutral Records.
* This article about a United States independent record label is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Usui Kojima

Usui Kojima (小島 烏水, Kojima Usui, December 29, 1873 – December 13, 1948) was a Japanese author from Yokohama, Japan who authored over 20 books. He was also known for amassing a collection of over 900 ukiyo-e prints and establishing Japan's first mountaineering society.
# Buraco das Araras

Buraco das Araras can refer to:
* Buraco das Araras (Goiás), Sinkhole located in Goiás, Brazil
* Buraco das Araras (Mato Grosso do Sul), Sinkhole located in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
* Buraco das Araras Private Natural Heritage Reserve, protected area in Mato Grosso do Sul
# Santa Cecília (São Paulo Metro)

Santa Cecília is a station on Line 3 (Red) of the São Paulo Metro.
# Old City of Luoyang

34°43′43″N 112°37′21″E﻿ / ﻿34.72861°N 112.62250°E﻿ / 34.72861; 112.62250
The Old City of Luoyang is a site located 15 kilometers east of the urban area of modern Luoyang. It was the capital of the Northern Wei dynasty. Emperor Yang of Sui rebuilt the city in 605. The Old City was listed as major cultural heritage sites under national-level protection in 1961, and as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 2014, as one part of the larger Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor designation.

## Current status and archaeological activity

The existing structure and layout of the Old City is essentially left over from the Northern Wei dynasty, with a length of 10km from east to west and 7.5km from north to south. The total area is about 75 square kilometers. The existing important relics mainly include: the Northern Wei-era inner city wall (that is, Luoyang during the Han, Wei and Jin), the outer Guocheng City of the Northern Wei, Gongcheng, Jinyong, Yongning Temple and the base of the Yongning Temple Tower, Taiji Hall, Changhe Gate, Taixue of the Eastern Han, Mingtang, Biyong, Lingtai, Eastern Han Cemetery, Northern Wei Dashi, Rented Cattle and Horse Market, Eastern Han Prisoner's Cemetery, etc., and unearthed a large number of cultural relics, including ceramics, clay statues, iron wares, copper coins (ware), gold and silver wares.
# Wenck

Wenck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ewald Wenck (1891–1981), German actor
* Friedrich August Wilhelm Wenck (1741–1810), German historian
* Heinrich Wenck (1851–1936), Danish architect
* Helfrich Bernhard Wenck (1739–1803), German historian
* Paul Wenck (1892–1964), German and American illustrator
* Walther Wenck (1900–1982), German army officer
# American Hotel (Staunton, Virginia)

The American Hotel was a historic hotel located at 125 South Augusta Street in Staunton, Virginia. It was built in the downtown wharf district, directly across from the railroad station. It has since been repainted and houses several different businesses. Earlier in its existence, the hotel had a set of two pillars in the front of the building.

## History

In the late 1800s the Wharf area of Staunton was the site of the Virginia Central Railroad which crossed the Blue Ridge Mountains to Staunton, thus completing its route between the Shenandoah Valley and the state Capital in Richmond. The American Hotel was constructed by the Virginia Central Railroad in 1855, only one year after the railroad had reached Staunton.
During the American Civil War, the hotel served as a "receiving hospital" for Confederate sick and wounded. In 1864, when Union General Hunter occupied Staunton and burned the station, the American Hotel was spared, probably because the owner, John Quincy Adams Nadenbousch, had developed a relationship with Union officers.
In the first year of his presidency, Ulysses S. Grant took a brief vacation trip to White Sulphur Springs stopping overnight in Staunton at the American Hotel. When the news of his arrival spread, a music band that had previously served as Stonewall Jackson’s headquarters band assembled at the station opposite his Hotel room and serenaded Grant. Grant came out on hotel balcony and acknowledged the band by raising his hat. The incident was one of the first public acts of reconciliation after the American Civil War.
The Staunton Development Company was on the west end of the building in 1891 and the rest of the building was a shoe factory. Staunton Development Company wanted to renovate and update the Hotel in the Victorian style but did not have the finances.
In 1894, the American Hotel became Bowling Spotts & Co, a wholesale grocery. They were receivers over all the railroad systems of the country, from California to the Atlantic Coast. They specialized in the handling of Havana and domestic cigars, chewing and smoking tobacco, teas, spices, high grade canned goods and provisions of all kinds.
Between 1921 and 1929, the front part of the building was used as a railway express office. As most downtown cities declined in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, the building was no longer utilized.
In 1994, Restoration Concepts Inc attempted to rehabilitate the hotel, but the project was never approved. In 2003, Emerald City L.P. renovated the building for professional offices, a café and a banquet room. A two story parking garage was built and an elevator was installed. The building was totally renovated with fire sprinkler systems, fire escape stairways, new HVAC systems, and a complete electrical renovation. Frazier Associates of Staunton was the architect that oversaw the 2003 renovations.
# Bernard Zoba

Dr Bernard Zoba, of the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), is Commissioner of Infrastructure and Energy for the African Union's African Commission. Zoba was a signatory on behalf of the African Commission to an agreement between the Commission and France, in which the latter donated €5 million for the advancement of African Union activities.
# USS Ibex (1863)

USS Ibex was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was to be used as a gunboat by the Navy, although the war ended less than a week (9 April 1865) after she was commissioned.
Ibex, a tinclad, side-wheel gunboat formerly called Ohio Valley, was built at Harmar, Ohio, in 1863 and was purchased by the Navy at Cincinnati, Ohio, from Theodore Johnson on 10 December 1864. It was commissioned at Mound City, Illinois on 4 April 1865, Lt. Comdr. R. L. May in command.
After being fitted as a gunboat at Mound City, Ibex was ordered to Memphis, Tennessee, for duty with the Mississippi Squadron's 8th District on 29 April 1865. She served faithfully in the Mississippi River assisting Rear Admiral Samuel Phillips Lee in attending to many of the tasks entailed in closing the Mississippi Squadron.
Ibex was decommissioned at Mound City on 5 August, and was sold at public auction to Thompson Dean on 17 August 1865. She was redocumented as Harry Dean on 5 October 1865. The ship was lost when she exploded at Gallipolis, Ohio on 3 January 1868.
# Canadian Forces Air Transport Command

Air Transport Command (ATC) was a command of the Canadian Forces created in 1968 upon unification and eliminated in 1975.
Significant dates:
* 5 August 1943. Formed within Air Force Headquarters as the Directorate of Air Transport Command, Ottawa, Ontario.
* 5 February 1945. Re-designated No. 9 (Transport) Group, Royal Canadian Air Force, and moved to Rockcliffe, Ontario.
* 1 April 1948. Elevated to Air Transport Command.
* 9 August 1951. Moved to RCAF Station Lachine, Quebec.
* 1 September 1959. Moved to CFB Trenton, Ontario.
* 1 February 1968. Integrated into the Canadian Armed Forces.
* 2 September 1975. Air Transport Command was redesignated Air Transport Group.
After 1968 CF ATC was responsible for providing air transport forces (strategic airlift and refueling aircraft) and to command primary air search and rescue forces for Canada and to support bases and units of other commands as directed. ATC was directly responsible for the following bases: CFB Ottawa, CFB Toronto and CFB Trenton.
During its 7 years of operation, CF ATC maintained the following squadrons at the ATC bases and other Canadian Forces air bases:
* 412 Transport Squadron - CFB Trenton
* 413 Transport and Rescue Squadron - CFB Greenwood
* 424 Squadron Transport and Rescue Squadron - CFB Trenton
* 426 Squadron Transport Training Squadron - CFB Trenton
* 429 Transport Squadron - CFB Trenton
* 435 Transport and Rescue Squadron - CFB Winnipeg
* 436 Transport Squadron - CFB Trenton
* 437 Squadron Transport Squadron - CFB Trenton
* 440 Squadron Transport Squadron - CFB Winnipeg
* 442 Squadron Transport and Rescue Squadron - CFB Comox
ATC operated the following equipment from 1968-1975:
* CC-137 Husky
* CC-130 Hercules
* CC-109 Cosmopolitan
* CC-117 Falcon
* CC-115 Buffalo
* CH-113 Labrador
* CC-138 Twin Otter

## Dissolution

Air Transport Command was eliminated in 1975 (reduced to Group status), along with Training Command and the air elements of Mobile Command and Maritime Command, when the command structure was simplified upon the creation of Canadian Forces Air Command. Air Transport Group itself was merged into 1 Canadian Air Division in 1997.
# Buraco do Padre

Buraco do Padre is a waterfall and geological formation in the state of Parana, Brazil. It is located east-southeast of the city of Ponta Grossa.
# Celgosivir

Celgosivir, in development by Migenix for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, is an oral prodrug of the natural product castanospermine that inhibits alpha-glucosidase I, an enzyme that plays a critical role in viral maturation by initiating the processing of the N-linked oligosaccharides of viral envelope glycoproteins. Celgosivir is well absorbed in vitro and in vivo, and is rapidly converted to castanospermine. Celgosivir has a novel mechanism of action (preventing the glycosylation of viral proteins by the host), and demonstrates broad antiviral activity in vitro.

## Clinical trials

Celgosivir is not efficient as a monotherapy for the treatment of HCV, but has demonstrated a synergistic effect in combination with pegylated interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin, both in vitro and in phase II clinical trials that last up to 1 year in patients with chronic HCV infection. Celgosivir may prove to be a valuable component for combination therapy and may help to prevent the apparition of drug resistance. Long-term toxicity studies are necessary to confirm the safety of celgosivir in humans.
Although generally safe and well tolerated, celgosivir does not seem to reduce viral load or fever burden in patients with dengue fever.
# Santa Cecília do Pavão

Santa Cecília do Pavão is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.
# Wend

Wend may refer to:
* Wends, an ethnic group
* WEnd, the marker for the end of a while loop in some computer languages
* WEND, a modern rock radio station in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

## People

* Chris Wend (born 1987), German sprint canoeist
* Rainer Wend (born 1954), German politician
* Wend von Wietersheim (1900–1975), German general
# Shannon Hegarty

Shannon Hegarty (born 14 June 1979) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s. An Australia international and Queensland State of Origin representative three-quarter back, he played club football in the National Rugby League for the Sydney Roosters (with whom he won the 2002 NRL Premiership), South Sydney Rabbitohs and North Queensland Cowboys.

## Playing career

Originally from Brisbane, Queensland, Hegarty played for the Sydney Roosters at centre in their 2000 NRL Grand Final loss to the Brisbane Broncos.
Hegarty scored the Roosters' first try in their win over the Warriors in the 2002 NRL grand final and went on to victory in England for the resulting 2003 World Club Challenge. He was then selected to play on the wing for Queensland in every match of the 2003 State of Origin series. Hegarty scored a try whilst playing in the centres for the Roosters in their loss to Penrith in the 2003 NRL grand final. After that he was selected to go on the 2003 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France, helping Australia to victory over Great Britain in what would be the last time the two nations contested an Ashes series.
Hegarty played for the Roosters on the wing in their 2004 NRL Grand final loss to cross-Sydney rivals, Canterbury-Bankstown. In 2005, Hegarty joined the Sydney Roosters arch rivals South Sydney. In his first season at Souths the club finished 13th on the table.
In the 2006 NRL season, Hegarty made 10 appearances as the club finished last on the table. In the 2007 NRL season, Hegarty was part of the Souths team which reached the finals for the first time since 1989.
Released from the final year of his playing contract with South Sydney on a mutual agreement, Hegarty signed with the North Queensland Cowboys two days later.

## Post playing

Off the field, Hegarty posed for the Gods Of Football charity calendar in 2009 and appeared as Benji Veniamin in Tough Nuts: Australia's Hardest Criminals in 2011.
He was a trainer and conditioning coach for the Jacksonville Axemen of the USA Rugby League. He currently owns and operates Down Under Fitness gym & personal training in Jacksonville Beach, FL.
# Donald Deskey

Donald Sidney Deskey (November 23, 1894 – April 29, 1989) was an American industrial designer.

## Biography

Donald Sidney Deskey was born in Blue Earth, Minnesota. He studied architecture at the University of California, but did not follow that profession, becoming instead an artist and a pioneer in the field of Industrial design. He attended the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes in Paris, which influenced his approach to design. He went on to establish a design consulting firm in New York City and later the firm of Deskey-Vollmer (in partnership with Phillip Vollmer), which specialized in furniture and textile design. His designs in this era progressed from Art Deco to Streamline Moderne.
Deskey first gained attention as a designer with his window displays for the Franklin Simon Department Store in Manhattan in 1926. In the 1930s, he won the competition to design Radio City Music Hall's interiors. He also sold geometrically painted objects through the fashionable shop of Rena Rosenthal, and did custom design work for her. In the 1940s, he started the graphic design firm Donald Deskey Associates and made some of the most recognizable icons of the day, including the Crest toothpaste packaging, the Tide bullseye, as well as a widely used New York City lamppost model. In 1940, Deskey developed a decorative form of plywood, which had a unique striated, or combed, look. Produced under the name Weldtex, it became very popular in the 1950s.
His company is still in operation in Cincinnati. A collection of his work is held by the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum. He died in Vero Beach, Florida, the town to which he had retired in 1975.
In 1923, Deskey married Mary Campbell Douthett, a pianist and later professor of music at Juniata College. They had two sons, Michael Douthett Deskey, an architect, and Donald Stephen ("Steve" or D. Stephen) Deskey, a building contractor. In 1952, Deskey married Katharine Godfrey Brennan, who survived him.
# Koyunyeri, Çan

Koyunyeri is a village in the Çan District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 80 (2021).