OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nroff

nroff (short for "new roff") is a text-formatting program on Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It produces output suitable for simple fixed-width printers and terminal windows. It is an integral part of the Unix help system, being used to format man pages for display.
nroff and the related troff were both developed from the original roff. While nroff was intended to produce output on terminals and line printers, troff was intended to produce output on typesetting systems. Both used the same underlying markup and a single source file could normally be used by nroff or troff without change.

## History

nroff was written by Joe Ossanna for Version 2 Unix, in Assembly language and then ported to C.
It was a descendant of the RUNOFF program from CTSS, the first computerized text-formatting program, and is a predecessor of the Unix troff document processing system.
There is also a free software version of nroff in the groff package.

## Variants

The Minix operating system, among others, uses a clone of nroff called cawf by Vic Abell, based on awf, the Amazingly Workable Formatter designed in awk by Henry Spencer. These are not full replacements for the nroff/troff suite of tools, but are sufficient for display and printing of basic documents and manual pages.
In addition, a simplified version of nroff is available in Ratfor source code form as an example in the book Software Tools by Brian Kernighan and P. J. Plauger.
# Nuclear factor of activated t cells 2 interacting protein

Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC2IP gene.
# Carex vulpinaris

Carex vulpinaris is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of South Asia and Central Asia including Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Pakistan westerns parts of the Himalaya.
It was described by the botanist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in 1834 as published in Contributions to the Botany of India.
# Now That's What I Call the USA: The Patriotic Country Collection

Now That's What I Call the USA: The Patriotic Country Collection was released on June 15, 2010.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 43 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 7 |
# Sylvia Meehan

Sylvia Meehan (2 April 1929 – 6 September 2018) was an Irish campaigner for the rights of women and older people.

## Early career

Meehan was born Sylvia Shiel on 2 April 1929 in Dublin. She gained her education first in the Loreto Sisters at North Great George's Street and then attended University College Dublin where she studied legal and political science. While there she became the first woman to win the Literary and Historical Association gold medal in 1951. She married and when her husband Denis died in 1969 she began her career working as a teacher of English and History in the Cabinteely School.
She and her husband had five children, John, Niall, Sarah, Richard and Rosa.

## Activism

Meehan joined the Association of Secondary Teachers, Ireland where she went on to become vice president, and became active in the women's movement. She chaired the women's committee of the Irish Congress of Trade Unions.
In 1977, Meehan was appointed the first chief executive of the Employment Equality Agency. Her position ensured research into problems facing girls and women. The specific areas tended to be issues in education and employment such as maternity leave and childcare. She was considered instrumental in achieving equal pay for women.
Meehan retired in 1992. She was president and founder of the Irish Senior Citizens Parliament and on the National Council on Ageing and Older People. In 1997 the University of Limerick awarded her a Doctor of Laws.
The National Women's Council of Ireland director Orla O'Connor said that she "was a trailblazer for women's equality. She campaigned tirelessly for the rights of women workers and older women".
She died in Galway after a long illness in September 2018.
# Psilocybe schultesii

Psilocybe schultesii is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae.
# Pentti Sillantaus

Pentti Ilmari Sillantaus (30 May 1923 – 4 July 1998) was a Finnish jurist and politician, born in Saarijärvi. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1962 to 1972 and from 1975 to 1979, representing the National Coalition Party. He was a presidential elector in the 1968 and 1978 presidential elections.
# Santa Isabel, Utuado, Puerto Rico

Santa Isabel is a barrio in the municipality of Utuado, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 660.

## Geography

Santa Isabel is a remote barrio situated at an elevation of 1,729 feet (527 m) just south of Ángeles in Utuado, Puerto Rico. It has an area of 5.35 square miles (13.9 km$^2$).

## History

Santa Isabel was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Santa Isabel barrio was 875.
# Mototeru Kamo

Mototeru Kamo (加茂 元照, Kamo Mototeru, born 1930 in Kakegawa, Shizuoka) is a Japanese horticulturist.
He is known for creating and maintaining a number of bird and flower theme parks in Japan, including the following.
* Fuji Kachoen (1990) (ja:富士花鳥園)
* Matsue Vogel (2001)
* Kamo Iris Garden (2003) in Kakegawa, Shizuoka (ja:掛川花鳥園)
* Kobe Kachoen (2003) in Kobe
He is creator of Kimjongilia, a Begonia hybrid flower, dedicated to North Korean leader Kim Jong Il.
# Aeolian

Aeolian commonly refers to things related to either of two Greek mythological figures:
* Aeolus (son of Hippotes), ruler of the winds
* Aeolus (son of Hellen), son of Hellen and eponym of the Aeolians
* Aeolians, an ancient Greek tribe thought to be descended from Aeolus, son of Hellen
Aeolian or Eolian may also refer to:

## Music

* Aeolian (album), an album by German post-metal band The Ocean Collective
* Aeolian Company (1887–1985), a maker of organs, pianos, sheet music, and phonographs
* Aeolian Hall (disambiguation), any one of a number of concert halls of that name
* Aeolian harp, a harp that is played by the wind
* Aeolian mode, a musical mode, the natural minor key
* Aeolian Quartet (1952–1981), a string quartet based in London
* Aeolian-Skinner (1932–1972), pipe organ builder

## Other uses

* Aeolian dialect, a dialect of Ancient Greek
* Aeolian Islands, islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, named after Aeolus the ruler of the winds
* Aeolian or Aeolic order, an early order of Classical architecture
* Aeolian landform, landforms, such as sand dunes, formed by wind
* Aeolian processes, eolian sedimentation, wind-generated geologic processes
* Eolian (Solar car), a solar car designed at the University of Chile
# Anthranilate synthase

The enzyme anthranilate synthase (EC 4.1.3.27) catalyzes the chemical reaction
    chorismate + L-glutamine $\rightleftharpoons$ anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate

## Function

Anthranilate synthase creates anthranilate, an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of indole, and by extension, the amino acid tryptophan. Tryptophan can then be metabolized further into serotonin, melatonin, or various auxins.

## Reaction

Anthranilate synthase catalyzes the change from chorismate to anthranilate. As its other substrate, it can use either glutamine or ammonia. During the reaction, both a hydroxyl group and an enolpyruvyl group are removed from the aromatic ring. The enolpyruvyl group gains a proton to form pyruvate. It has been shown that the proton comes from the surrounding water and not from an intramolecular shift of a hydrogen atom on the substrates. The amino group of glutamine (or ammonia itself) attacks chorismate in position 2, which leads to the elimination of enolpyruvyl group from position 3. In the process, an aromatic ring is re-formed.
    Chemical equation of reaction occurring in anthranilate synthase

## Structure and assembly

The complex is made up of α and β subunits. Gel filtration experiments reveal that the complex occurs as an α$_2$β$_2$ tetramer under native conditions, and as an αβ dimer under high salt concentrations. The αβ dimers interact through the α subunits to form the complex.
The subunits of anthranilate synthase are encoded by the trpE and trpD genes in E. coli, both of which appear in the trp operon.
In Enterobacteriaceae, this enzyme exists in the form of an aggregate with anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase. If these two enzymes are not clustered, the complex is unable to use glutamine as a substrate and can only use ammonia.

## Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, to be specific the oxo-acid-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is chorismate pyruvate-lyase (amino-accepting; anthranilate-forming). Other names in common use include anthranilate synthetase, chorismate lyase, and chorismate pyruvate-lyase (amino-accepting). This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and two-component system - general.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, five structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1I1Q, 1I7Q, 1I7S, 1QDL, and 2I6Y.
# Conformal supergravity

In theoretical physics, conformal supergravity is the study of the supersymmetrized version of conformal gravity with Weyl transformations. Equivalently, it is the extension of ordinary supergravity to include Weyl transformations.
Often, nonconformal gravity is described by conformal gravity with a conformal compensator.
For a review of conformal supergravity see E.S. Fradkin and A.A. Tseytlin, "Conformal Supergravity", Phys. Rep. 119 (1985) 233
* This relativity-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Conditional proof

A conditional proof is a proof that takes the form of asserting a conditional, and proving that the antecedent of the conditional necessarily leads to the consequent.

## Overview

The assumed antecedent of a conditional proof is called the conditional proof assumption (CPA). Thus, the goal of a conditional proof is to demonstrate that if the CPA were true, then the desired conclusion necessarily follows. The validity of a conditional proof does not require that the CPA be true, only that if it were true it would lead to the consequent.
Conditional proofs are of great importance in mathematics. Conditional proofs exist linking several otherwise unproven conjectures, so that a proof of one conjecture may immediately imply the validity of several others. It can be much easier to show a proposition's truth to follow from another proposition than to prove it independently.
A famous network of conditional proofs is the NP-complete class of complexity theory. There is a large number of interesting tasks (see List of NP-complete problems), and while it is not known if a polynomial-time solution exists for any of them, it is known that if such a solution exists for some of them, one exists for all of them. Similarly, the Riemann hypothesis has many consequences already proven.

## Symbolic logic

As an example of a conditional proof in symbolic logic, suppose we want to prove A → C (if A, then C) from the first two premises below:
| 1. | A → B | ("If A, then B") |
| 2. | B → C | ("If B, then C") |
| 3. | A | (conditional proof assumption, "Suppose A is true") |
| 4. | B | (follows from lines 1 and 3, modus ponens; "If A then B; A, therefore B") |
| 5. | C | (follows from lines 2 and 4, modus ponens; "If B then C; B, therefore C") |
| 6. | A → C | (follows from lines 3–5, conditional proof; "If A, then C") |
# Concours de Saut International

Concours de Saut International is a ranking system for the equestrian competition show jumping. All CSI events are approved by the international governing body of equestrian sport, the FEI.
The CSI is broken down into a starring system, where more competitive events with more prize money have a higher number of stars. Starring goes from 1 to 5.
* CSI*****/CSI5*: Prize money 500,000+ (CHF), (equivalent to approx. £450,000 (sterling), approx. $550,000 (USD)). Horses must be at least 7 years old.
* CSI****/CSI4*: Prize money from 250,000 to 499,999 CHF. Horses must be at least 7 years old.
* CSI***/CSI3*: Prize money 100,000 to 249,999 CHF. Horses must be at least 7 years old.
* CSI**/CSI2*: Prize money 50,000 to 99,999 CHF. Max. height 1.45m. Horses at least 6 years old.
* CSI*/CSI1*: Prize money 49,999 CHF or lower. Max height: 1.40m. Horses at least 6 years old.
Additionally, speed and height may vary between competitions. For the Nations cup held outdoors, 4* and 5* competitions must ride 400 meters per minute, 375 mpm for 3* competition, and 350 for 1* and 2* competition. All indoor competitions are ridden at 350 mpm.

## Other Terms

* CHIO: Official International Competition including a Nations Cup competition with more than one equestrian discipline (CHIO Aachen, CHIO Rotterdam etc.) - no more official designation
* CSIO: Official International Competition including a Nations Cup competition (such as the Dublin Horse Show, Royal International Horse Show etc.)
* CSI-W: international show jumping event with a Show Jumping World Cup competition
* CSIP/CSICh/CSIJ/CSIY/CSIU25/CSIV: competitions for Pony riders (12–16 years old on ponies, Children (12–14 on horses), Juniors (14–18), Young Riders (16-21), Under 25 (16-25) or Veterans (Women 45 or older, Men 49 or older)
* CSIAm/CSIL/CSIYH: competitions for Amateurs, competitions only for Ladies, competitions for young show jumping horses
* CSIL
# Concourse

A concourse is a place where pathways or roads meet, such as in a hotel, a convention center, a railway station, an airport terminal, a hall, or other space.
The term is not limited to places where there are literally pathways or roadways or train tracks joining. An alternate meaning now is "an open space or hall (as in a railway terminal) where crowds gather." In this meaning as a place where crowds gather, while many persons in any crowd no doubt have followed different paths in their lives to get to the place, there need not be notable specific roadways leading to the place.

## Examples

Examples of concourses include:
* Airport terminals
* Conference centres
* Hotels
* Meeting halls
* Railway stations
* Shopping malls or portions of shopping malls which are often called "shopping concourses"
* Sports arenas and stadiums
* Universities

## Gallery
### Outdoor concourses

* Earnley Concourse, West Sussex, 2009
* Asda supermarket concourse, Llandudno, 2007
* Concourse outside City Hall, London.
* Concourse outside Wembley Arena, 2008

### Public transport concourses

* The interior of the Moynihan Train Hall at Pennsylvania Station in New York City, 2022
* Grand Central Terminal's Main Concourse, Manhattan, 2015
* Leeds City bus station concourse, 2007
* Leeds railway station concourse, 2009
* Liverpool Street concourse, 2009
* London Paddington station concourse, The Lawn, 2009
* St Pancras shopping concourse during Christmas, 2011
* St Pancras entrance concourse, 2009
* Waterloo Station former Eurostar check-in concourse, 2009
* Terminal 2 departures area of London Heathrow Airport
* Terminal 5 of the John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City
* Gates 1-85 on the lower level of the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City

### Car park concourses

* Braehead car park concourse in Scotland, 2008

## Contemporary usage

More recently, "concourse" is often used to refer to a situation where people come together in online presence, even if they do not physically come together in reality. An example of such an online community is the IEEE Student Concourse, as well as various online shopping concourses.
# Permanent Press (publisher)

Permanent Press is an American independent book publisher. The press was founded by Judith and Martin Shepard in 1978 and is based in Sag Harbor, New York. It also published through the Second Chance imprint, which releases books previously out of print.
The press first brought the work of Nobel laureate Halldor Laxness to the United States. Its books and authors have won the American Book Award, Hammett Prize and Small Press Book Award, and have been finalists for the National Book Award, Edgar Award and Chautauqua Prize.
Among the publisher's best known books is The Hoax, Clifford Irving's account of his fraudulent interviews with Howard Hughes.
Published authors include Mitch Cullin, Sandra Scofield, Chris Knopf, Jess Gregg, Marian Thurm, Berry Fleming, Richard Lortz [fr] Richard Lortz, William Herrick, and Joseph Stanley Pennell.
# People's Choice Award for Favorite Music Video

The People's Choice Awards for Favorite Music Video is one of the awards handed out at the People's Choice Awards. It was first awarded to "Love the Way You Lie" by Eminem featuring Rihanna in 2011. BTS is the most-nominated artist in the category with 6 nominations, and is tied with Katy Perry as the most-awarded artist in the category, having won three times each.

## Recipients

| Year | Recipient | Nominees |
| 2011 | Eminem featuring Rihanna – "Love the Way You Lie" | Justin Bieber featuring Ludacris – "Baby" Katy Perry – "Teenage Dream" Lady Gaga featuring Beyoncé – "Telephone" Shakira featuring Freshlyground – "Waka Waka" |
| 2012 | Katy Perry – "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" | Adele – "Rolling in the Deep" Beyoncé – "Run The World (Girls)" Lady Gaga – "Judas" LMFAO featuring Goonrock and Lauren Bennett – "Party Rock Anthem" |
| 2013 | Katy Perry – "Part of Me" | Carly Rae Jepsen – "Call Me Maybe" Justin Bieber – "Boyfriend" Maroon 5 featuring Wiz Khalifa – "Payphone" Psy – "Gangnam Style" |
| 2014 | Katy Perry – "Roar" | Demi Lovato – "Heart Attack" Miley Cyrus – "Wrecking Ball" One Direction – "Best Song Ever" Pink featuring Nate Ruess – "Just Give Me a Reason" |
| No award given between 2015 and 2017 ||||
| 2018 | BTS – "Idol" | Ariana Grande – "No Tears Left to Cry" Camila Cabello – "Never Be the Same" Childish Gambino – "This Is America" Selena Gomez – "Back to You" |
| 2019 | Blackpink – "Kill This Love" | Ariana Grande – "7 Rings" Billie Eilish – "Bad Guy" BTS featuring Halsey – "Boy with Luv" Daddy Yankee and Snow – "Con Calma" Sam Smith and Normani – "Dancing with a Stranger" Shawn Mendes and Camila Cabello – "Señorita" Taylor Swift featuring Brendon Urie of Panic! at the Disco – "Me!" |
| 2020 | BTS – "Dynamite" | Blackpink and Selena Gomez – "Ice Cream" Cardi B featuring Megan Thee Stallion – "WAP" Future featuring Drake – "Life Is Good" J Balvin, Dua Lipa, Bad Bunny, and Tainy – "Un Día (One Day)" Justin Bieber featuring Chance the Rapper – "Holy" Lady Gaga and Ariana Grande – "Rain on Me" The Weeknd – "Blinding Lights" |
| 2021 | BTS – "Butter" | Adele – "Easy on Me" Coldplay and BTS – "My Universe" Justin Bieber featuring Daniel Caesar and Giveon – "Peaches" Karol G, Anuel AA, and J Balvin – "Location" Lil Nas X – "Montero (Call Me By Your Name)" Olivia Rodrigo – "Good 4 U" The Kid Laroi and Justin Bieber – "Stay" |
| 2022 | Taylor Swift – "Anti-Hero" | Adele – "Oh My God" Blackpink – "Pink Venom" BTS – "Yet to Come (The Most Beautiful Moment)" Charlie Puth featuring Jungkook of BTS – "Left And Right" Coldplay and Selena Gomez – "Let Somebody Go" Harry Styles – "As It Was" Karol G – "Provenza" |

## Artists with multiple nominations
### 6 nominations

* BTS

### 5 nominations

* Justin Bieber

### 4 nominations

* Katy Perry

### 3 nominations

* Lady Gaga
* Adele
* Ariana Grande
* Selena Gomez
* Blackpink

### 2 nominations

* Beyoncé
* Camila Cabello
* Taylor Swift
* J Balvin
* Coldplay
* Karol G
# People's Choice Awards (Australia)

The Australian People's Choice Awards was an Australian version of the American awards show, People's Choice Awards, staged in 1998 and 1999. The awards recognised works of popular culture and people active in it. Winners were chosen by popular vote.

## Winners and nominees
### 1998

Source:

### 1999

Source:
# Tibbie, Alabama

Tibbie is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Washington County, Alabama, United States. Its population was 41 as of the 2010 census.
The Red Alabama Blackmouth Cur is thought to have originated in the area around Tibbie in the 1940s.

## History

The name Tibbie comes from a shortened form of the Choctaw word "oakibbeha". Oakibbeha means "blocks of ice therein," with okti meaning "ice" and the plural form abeha meaning "to be in".
A post office first began operations under the name Tibbie in 1910.
# Condop

The term condop in real estate refers to a mixed-use condominium building where at least one of the units is owned by a cooperative corporation and sub-divided into many "co-op" apartments. The other condo units are typically retained or sold separately by the developer and may be retail space, office space or parking garage.

## History

Condops first came into use in the 1960s when the residential condominium was not yet popular in major cities, particularly in the United States in New York City, New York. This structure was used to separate the residential component from the commercial components of a building. Developers or co-op sponsors sought to retain ownership of the more lucrative non-residential spaces in a building, whilst also minimizing taxes on non-residential income. The condop is still a relatively rare item in the U.S. As of 2007, New York City had fewer than 300 condop buildings as compared to more than 6,700 cooperatives and 2,300 condominiums, representing just over three percent of residential buildings.

## Legal definition

The condop is a type of condominium building, not a distinct legal construct. A condop, a portmanteau of the words condominium and cooperative (or "co-op"), is a co-op inside a condo.
Stepping back, condominium owners actually hold title to a piece of real estate. Co-op owners are actually shareholder-tenants with shares in and a long-term lease from the co-op corporation. In all co-ops, a corporation owns the building. Condops are a variation on that theme the distinction between the two concepts as the cooperative corporation does not own a whole building but just the residential condominium unit within it.

## Common use and misuse

Sometimes the phrase condop is used to refer to the residential portion only of such a building (i.e. to distinguish it from the commercial unit(s)). However, this term is commonly misused to describe a cooperative corporation that behaves like a condominium.
The cooperative portion of the condop is effectively no different than any cooperative building that contains only residential units. However, in some real-estate circles, the term condop continues to be mis-used to refer to a cooperative that behaves like a condominium or a "co-op with condo rules". Typically condo will require a lower required down payment for prospective purchasers and do not include many of the restrictive measures that impact prospective purchasers of cooperative apartments. Further, the bylaws for a condo typically do not include the need for board approval to sell or sublet an apartment. Additionally, restrictions on alterations to the apartment are more consistent with cooperatives than condos.
# Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow

Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow is a 1930 painting by Piet Mondrian, a Dutch artist who was a leading figure in the Neo-Plasticism movement. It consists of thick, black brushwork, defining the borders of colored rectangles. As the title suggests, the only colors used in it besides black and white are red, blue, and yellow. The piece is very similar to Mondrian's 1930 Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow. According to Stephanie Chadwick, an associate professor of art history at Lamar University, "Mondrian's Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow demonstrates his commitment to relational opposites, asymmetry, and pure planes of color. Mondrian composed this painting as a harmony of contrasts that signifies both balance and the tension of dynamic forces."