OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# USS Killdeer

USS Killdeer may refer to one of the following United States Navy ships:
* USS Killdeer (AMc-21), originally the fishing vessel Vindicator; acquired by the Navy as a coastal minesweeper and renamed in 1940; renamed IX-194 and used as general utility vessel after 1944; struck in 1945 and sold in 1946
* USS Killdeer (AMCU-27), originally LCI(L)-883; renamed and reclassified 7 March 1952, but refit cancelled 1 July 1954; sold in 1960
# USS Capella

USS Capella may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
* USS Capella (AK-13), built in 1920 as the Comerant by American International Shipbuilding
* USNS Capella (T-AKR 293), a vehicle cargo ship launched on 1 September 1972
# Dan Henry

Dan Henry (1913-2012) is the inventor of directional pavement markings commonly used to guide participants along the route of organized bicycling events. The markers themselves are usually called Dan Henry Arrows.
Originally, the markings consisted of a circle with a vertical line from the edge of the circle pointing in the direction of travel (straight ahead, left turn, right turn). Other common markings are a circle X to denote wrong way, and a circled horizontal line to denote caution.
Variations on the circle pattern developed to differentiate between different rides as more and more rides began to use the same roads. Variations include color, triangles, squares, letters, etc.
Other cycling related inventions by Henry include front and rear suspension systems and the 'sling' saddle.
Henry worked as a commercial pilot, starting in the 1920s, later on DC-2 and DC-3 aircraft and the Boeing 707 jetliner .

## Honors

The League of American Wheelmen awarded Henry its Paul Dudley White Medal in 1992 and a bike route in the Santa Ynez Valley has been named for him.
# Warren Beson

Warren Lawson Beson (November 16, 1923 – October 25, 1959) was an American football player and coach. He played college football at the University of Minnesota in 1942 and from 1945 to 1948. He also played professional football in 1949 for the Baltimore Colts. He later worked as a high school football and baseball coach. From 1956 until his death in 1959, he was the head football coach and athletic director at Carleton College.

## Early years

Beson was born in Minneapolis in 1923. He attended West High School in that city, where he was an all-city football player in 1941.
Beson enrolled at the University of Minnesota in the fall of 1942 and played on the school's freshman football team. He enlisted in the United States Army in March 1943 and served for three years, reaching the rank of corporal. He was discharged in February 1946.

## Football player

Beson played guard and center on Bernie Bierman's Minnesota teams in 1947 and 1948 and was the captain of the 1948 team. He earned a reputation as an "iron man" due to the extensive minutes per game that he played on both offense and defense. The Gophers offensive line of those years has been called one of the great lines in the history of college football.
In January 1949, Beson signed to play professional football for the Baltimore Colts of the All-America Football Conference. He appeared in three games for the 1949 Colts, none as a starter. He was released by the Colts on September 29, 1949.

## Coaching career

Beson started coaching football and baseball at Edina High School in Minnesota in 1951, two years after the school's founding. In the next five years, each sport won three conference championships. His football record was 35–3–2, while in baseball, his teams were 72–12. Beson was inducted into the Edina Hornets Hall of Fame in 2001.
In May 1956, Beson left Edina to become head football coach, athletic director, and associate professor at Carleton College. In his first year, the Knights were tri-champions in the Midwest Conference. Through 1959, Beson's teams were 21–7–2, outscoring opponents by 632–397.
Beson suffered heart attacks in January 1958 and April 1959. He experienced shortness of breath during an October 1959 football game against Monmouth College, refused to leave the game, and continued coaching from a chair on the sidelines during the second half. He died early the next morning at age 35.

## Head coaching record
### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Carleton Knights (Midwest Conference) (1956–1959) ||||||
| 1956 | Carleton | 6–2 | 6–2 | T–1st |
| 1957 | Carleton | 6–1–1 | 6–1–1 | 2nd |
| 1958 | Carleton | 6–1–1 | 6–1–1 | 2nd |
| 1959 | Carleton | 3–5 | 3–5 | 7th |
| Carleton: | Carleton: | 21–9–2 | 21–9–2 | |
| Total: | Total: | 21–9–2 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Alpha cell hyperplasia

Alpha cell hyperplasia is defined as a specific (without similar change in other islet cells), diffuse (not limited to a particular part of pancreas), and overwhelming (many-fold) increase of the number of pancreatic alpha cells. The pancreatic islets normally contain 4 types of cells; the alpha cells produce and release glucagon, a hormone that regulates the metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Although first described in early 1990s, alpha cell hyperplasia had remained an esoteric topic until the mid-2010s. Based on the pathogenesis and clinical presentation, alpha cell hyperplasia can be divided into 3 types: reactive, nonfunctional, and functional.

## Reactive alpha cell hyperplasia

Any means to inhibit normal glucagon signaling in any vertebrate animals tested so far (zebra fish, mice, monkeys, and humans) causes reactive alpha cell hyperplasia. There is a negative feedback loop linking the pancreatic alpha cells and the liver. When glucagon signaling is inhibited, the liver (the main target organ of glucagon) releases excess amounts of amino acids into the circulation (hyperaminoacidemia) which stimulate the alpha cells to proliferate and to produce and release more glucagon. Humans and animals with reactive alpha cell hyperplasia do not exhibit signs of glucagon excess as their glucagon signaling is inhibited at the first place. Reactive alpha cell hyperplasia is a preneoplastic lesion. Humans with inactivating glucagon mutations (i.e. Mahvash disease) and several murine models of reactive alpha cell hyperplasia all eventually develop pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

## Nonfunctional alpha cell hyperplasia

Nonfunctional and reactive alpha cell hyperplasia are indistinguishable histologically. Nonfunctional alpha cell hyperplasia, however, is not associated with hyperglucagonemia. The cause of nonfunctional alpha cell hyperplasia in humans requires further investigation. Nonfunctional alpha cell hyperplasia is also a preneoplastic lesion.

## Functional alpha cell hyperplasia

Functional alpha cell hyperplasia differs from reactive and nonfunctional alpha cell hyperplasia in that the functional alpha cell hyperplasia is associated with hyperglucagonemia and the hyperglucagonemia results in glucagonoma syndrome. Functional alpha cell hyperplasia is poorly characterized so far.
# Mike Angus

Michael Anthony Angus (born 28 October 1960) is an English former footballer who made 75 appearances in the Football League playing as a midfielder for Middlesbrough, Scunthorpe United and Darlington, whom he helped win promotion to the Third Division in 1984–85. He made a single appearance for Southend United in the League Cup, and also played non-league football for Guisborough Town and South Bank.
# Monadh Mòr

Monadh Mòr (Scottish Gaelic: Big Hill) is a mountain in the Cairngorms region of the Highlands of Scotland. A pass connects it with Beinn Bhrotain.
# Atriplex codonocarpa

Atriplex codonocarpa, the flat-topped saltbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae, native to Western Australia. It is often found growing on the outer edges of salt lakes.
# Robert Mauzi

Robert Mauzi (1927 – August 2006) was a French academic and author who studied and taught literature and thought, particularly that of 18th century France. He was born in Toulouse, attended then later taught at the Faculty of Arts in Lyon. Mauzi was named a full professor at the Sorbonne in 1969, and continued to serve there actively or as professor emeritus until his death.
His best known work was L’idée du bonheur dans la littérature et la pensée françaises au XVIIIe siècle (the idea of happiness in the literature and the French thought in the 18th century), published in 1960. This study gives some explanation to the prominence of the 'bonheur' or happiness in the works of Burlamaqui, and may explain why Jefferson chose to refer to the pursuit of happiness in the Declaration of Independence.
# List of political entities in the 4th century BC

This is a list of sovereign states or polities that existed in the 4th century BC.

## Sovereign states

| Sovereign state | Years |
| Achaemenid Empire | 550–330 BC |
| Adena culture | 1000–200 BC |
| Albania | 4th century BC – 8th century AD |
| Ammon | c. 10th century – 332 BC |
| Athens | 510–322 BC |
| Atropatene | 320s BC – 3rd century AD |
| Bithynia | 297–74 BC |
| Carthaginian Empire | 650–146 BC |
| Chavín culture | 900–200 BC |
| Chera Kingdom | 5th century BC – AD 1102 |
| Chola | 3rd century BC -AD 13th century |
| Chorrera | 1800–300 BC |
| Chu | 1030–223 BC |
| Corinth | 700–338 BC |
| Cyrene | 631–525 BC |
| Dʿmt | c. 980–400 BC |
| Dardanian Kingdom | c.448 BC – 28 BC |
| Gojoseon | 2333–108 BC |
| Han | 403–230 BC |
| Iberia | 302 BC – 580 AD |
| Kalinga | 1376–285 BC |
| Kush | 1070 BC – 350 AD |
| Lu | 856–256 BC |
| Lycaonia | 8th century – 200 BC |
| Macedonia | 8th century – 146 BC |
| Maya civilization | 2000 BC- 900 AD |
| Meroë | 542 BC – 4th century AD |
| Nanda Empire | 424–321 BC |
| Olmec | 1400–400 BC |
| Pandya | 4th century BC-1650 AD |
| Paracas culture | 600–175 BC |
| Ptolemaic Kingdom | 305–30 BC |
| Qi | 1046–241 BC |
| Qin | 845–221 BC |
| Roman Republic | 509–27 BC |
| Saba | 12th/8th century BC – 275 AD |
| Scythia | 8th century BC – 2nd century AD |
| Seleucid Empire | 312–63 BC |
| Sparta | 11th century – 195 BC |
| Taranto | 706 BC – 1465 AD |
| Thebes | 14th century BC – 1458 AD |
| Văn Lang | 2879–258 BC |
| Wei | 403–225 BC |
| Yan | 865–222 BC |
| Yue | 334–334 BC |
| Zheng | 806–375 BC |
| Zhoa | 403–222 BC |
| Zhou | 1045–256 BC |
# Boubou Hama

Boubou Hama (1906 – 29 January 1982) was a Nigerien writer, historian, and politician. He was President of the National Assembly of Niger under President of Niger, Hamani Diori. He died in Niamey, in 1982.

## Life and works

Hama was born at Fonéko, a small Songhai village in western Niger. He studied at the École normale supérieure William Ponty and began his career as a teacher, in the mid-1920s becoming the first French-trained primary school teacher from what would soon become Niger. As a writer he worked in many genres including history and theater. His writing gained international attention when his autobiography Kotia-nima (published with the support of UNESCO in 1971) won the Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire. His essay on African education won the Senghor Prize in the same year. His histories are said to place a great value on oral literature.

## Political career

Hama had been one of the founders of the Nigerien Progressive Party (PPN), a regional branch of the African Democratic Rally (RDA), and rose to become a close adviser of party leader and Deputy to the French National Assembly Hamani Diori. Following independence in 1960, the PPN became the ruling and sole legal party in Niger, and Hama became President of the National Assembly of Niger from 1961 to 1964. He was also one of the most prominent, and perhaps most powerful, members of the PPN politburo, which became the effective ruling body of the nation. One writer has called Boubou Hama the "eminence grise" behind Diori's rule. The National Assembly of Niger met in largely ceremonial yearly sittings to ratify government positions. Traditional notables, elected as parliamentary representatives, often unanimously endorsed government proposals. Diori was re-elected unopposed in 1965 and 1970, but overthrown by military coup in 1974.
# Alan Ashton (politician)

Alan John Ashton (born 3 June 1952) is an Australian former politician, previously a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.
Ashton received a Master of Arts and Diploma of Education from the University of Sydney and taught at schools in southwestern Sydney. He was a councillor on the City of Bankstown from 1977 to 1987 and 1987 to 1995. Ashton represented East Hills from 1999, for the Labor Party, and was Deputy Government Whip from 2003.
Ashton emerged as a prominent opponent of the former Iemma Government's plans to privatise the NSW electricity industry. He stated that privatisation would be "the Iemma Government's WorkChoices". He also warned of resulting swings to the Greens in inner-city seats. Ashton is a long-time resident of the East Hills electorate. He is married with two children. His interests include politics, sport, history, education and the Health system. He is a member of the History Teachers Association and the NSW Teachers Federation.
Ashton was defeated by Liberal candidate Glenn Brookes by a mere 494 votes at the 2011 state election. This was the first time Labor had lost the seat since its creation in 1953.
# Alan Arthur Wells

Alan Arthur Wells (1 May 1924 – 8 November 2005) was a British structural engineer.

## Early life

He was born in Goff's Oak, Hertfordshire to Arthur John Wells, a British Oxygen Company engineer and educated at the City of London School as a day boy. He left school in 1940 to become an apprentice fitter and studied for a London University external degree via day release and weekend classes. He was awarded an intermediate B.Sc. in 1941 at the age of 17. After two years at Nottingham University College he was awarded an honours degree in Engineering, 2nd Class.
He had married Rosemary Mitchell in June 1950.

## Honours and awards

* 1942 Bayliss Prize, Institution of Civil Engineers
* 1946 Miller Prize, Institution of Civil Engineers
* 1955 President’s Gold Medal, Society of Engineers
* 1956 Premium Award, Royal Institution of Naval Architects
* 1964 Houdremont Lecture, International Institute of Welding
* 1966 Hadfield Medal, Iron and Steel Institute
* 1968 Larke Medal, Institute of Welding
* 1969 Honorary Fellow, Institute of Welding
* 1973 Honorary Doctorate, Ghent University
* 1975 Member, Royal Irish Academy
* 1977 Fellow of the Royal Society of London
* 1979 Fellow, Royal Academy of Engineering
* 1982 Rupert H. Myers Award, University of New South Wales
* 1982 Officer, Order of the British Empire
* 1982 DSc (honoris causa), University of Glasgow
* 1983 Ludwig Tetmajer Award, Technical University of Vienna
* 1984 Freedom of the City of London
* 1986 DSc (honoris causa), Queen’s University Belfast
* 1986 Platinum Medal, Institute of Metals
* 1987 Edstrom Medal, International Institute of Welding
* 1994 The Esso Medal, Royal Society
* 1994 Yoshiaki Arata Award, International Institute of Welding
* 1999 Honorary Fellowship, Institution of Mechanical Engineers
* 2003 Named for Professional Members Building and Library at the TWI, Abington
# Rea River

The Rea River is a river in Fiordland, New Zealand. It rises west of Teardrop Lake and flows into Misty River before it enters Kaikiekie / Bradshaw Sound.
# Raven Ridge

Raven Ridge is a starkly visible sedimentary rock exposure located in Rio Blanco County, Colorado and Uintah County, Utah, USA. It is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The ridge contains a diverse selection of rare plants unique to the state of Colorado.

## Geology

The Raven Ridge and the adjacent parallel Squaw Ridge are northwest striking rock exposures which provide an opportunity to understand this part of Earth's history. This section through a sequence of rock layers that were deposited between ~53-49 million years ago, has become exposed because of its later tectonic history. The outcrops span the geological time interval that includes the early and middle portions of the Eocene Epoch. During this time, ancestral horses, primates, and rodents, among many other mammal groups, were common at Raven Ridge. At the southern edge of Raven Ridge are found the only available surface coal beds in the area.
The rocks of Raven Ridge were originally deposited on or near a shore line as horizontal sedimentary layers within the Uinta Basin. Uplift and folding associated with the later stages of the Laramide Orogeny subsequently tilted them into a nearly vertical position.

## Plants

Raven Ridge is the habitat for eight endemic rare plant species: Penstemon grahamii (Graham's beardtongue), Penstemon albifluvis (White River beardtongue), Astragalus lutosus (Dragon milkvetch), Aquilegia barnebyi (Mancos columbine), Cryptantha rollinsii (Rollins's catseye), Parthenium ligulata (Colorado feverfew), Eriogonum ephedroides (ephedra buckwheat), and Phacelia incana (hoary phacelia). Numerous other plants are found there as well.

## Fossils

Found at the summit of the ridge are a multitude of perfectly preserved fossil gastropods.
# List of monuments in Surkhet, Nepal

This is a list of monuments in Surkhet District, Nepal as officially recognized by and available through the website of the Department of Archaeology, Nepal.

## List of monuments

| ID | Name | District | Coordinates | Image |
| NP-SK-01 | Padukasthan | Surkhet | | Upload Photo Upload Photo |
| NP-SK-02 | Shiva temple of Lati Koili | Surkhet | 28°33′33″N 81°33′49″E﻿ / ﻿28.5592°N 81.5637°E﻿ / 28.5592; 81.5637﻿ (SL. No. NP-SK-02) | Upload Photo Upload Photo |
| NP-SK-03 | Kakrebihar | Surkhet | 28°33′52″N 81°37′15″E﻿ / ﻿28.5644°N 81.6209°E﻿ / 28.5644; 81.6209﻿ (SL. No. NP-SK-03) | Kakrebihar More images Upload Photo |
| NP-SK-04 | Bayalkada Gadhi | Surkhet | 28°39′13″N 81°38′00″E﻿ / ﻿28.6535°N 81.6334°E﻿ / 28.6535; 81.6334﻿ (SL. No. NP-SK-04) | Upload Photo Upload Photo |
| NP-SK-05 | Khamba Gade (Shilastambha) Gadhi | Surkhet | | Upload Photo Upload Photo |
| NP-SK-06 | Shilasthambha of Birendra Municipality 9 | Surkhet | | Upload Photo Upload Photo |
| NP-SK-07 | Chowgan Chaur | Surkhet | | Upload Photo Upload Photo |
# Somak, Çivril

Somak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çivril, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 240 (2022).
# Reactimeter

A reactimeter is a diagnostic device used in nuclear power plants (and other nuclear applications) for measuring the reactivity of the nuclear chain reaction (in inhours) of fissile materials as they approach criticality.
# Real Maldive FC

Real Maldive FC is a Seychellois association football club based in Anse Etoile that currently competes in the Seychelles Premier League. The club also fields a beach soccer side.
# List of press release agencies

This is a list of notable press release agencies. A press release is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something ostensibly newsworthy. Public relations is the practice of managing the spread of information between an individual or an organization (such as a business, government agency, or a nonprofit organization) and the public.

## Press release agencies

* Business Wire – an international press release agency. Founded in 1961. It is a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway.
* CNW Group – formerly a Canadian-based commercial press release service that had bureaus in Toronto, Montreal (as CNW Telbec), Calgary and Vancouver, has been absorbed by Cision.
* GlobeNewswire – an American press release distribution company, headquartered in Los Angeles, California. An Intrado subsidiary since 2018, it is a newswire distribution network.
* PR Newswire – a distributor of press releases based in New York City. The service was created in 1954 to allow companies to electronically send press releases to news organizations, at first using teleprinters. PR Newswire was acquired by Cision in 2016.
* Sovfoto – established in 1932 as the only agency to represent Soviet photojournalism in America. It continues today as a commercial entity Sovfoto/Eastfoto. Collections from its archive are held also at MacLaren Art Centre in Barrie, Canada which in 2001 was donated 23,116 vintage gelatin silver prints dating from 1936 to 1957, while the University of Massachusetts Amherst holds the Tass Sovfoto Photograph Collection, 1919–1963, the majority being from 1943–1963.
* Talk to the Press – a press and publicity agency that was founded in 2007 by media expert and former national newspaper journalist Natasha Courtenay-Smith.
* U.S. Newswire – a U.S. national news release wire service established in 1986 and distributes media materials on behalf of a variety of customers, particularly the U.S. government and non-profit agencies. It is based in Washington DC and was acquired from Medialink by PR Newswire on October 1, 2006.
# Alayamon

Alayamon is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Alayamon had a population of 12869 with 6226 males and 6643 females.
# Rebecca Blasband

Rebecca Blasband (born July 8, 1967) is an American singer-songwriter, screenwriter, and television personality known as a cast member on The Real World: New York, the first season of MTV's reality television show The Real World.

## Early life and education

Rebecca Blasband was born and raised in New Hope, Pennsylvania, to a psychiatrist father and a German immigrant mother who runs an antique store in Philadelphia, to which her family moved to when Blasband was 13. She attended Tisch School of the Arts at New York University and worked as an actress with playwright David Mamet's theater company. Returning to music, she formed a band with Adam Schlesinger, the leader of Ivy, saying of the group's sound, "It was sort of Manchester-pop stuff. But after a while I started getting into Bob Dylan and things like that, and my direction kind of changed."

## Career
### The Real World

In 1992, Blasband, then 24, was cast in The Real World: New York, the first season of MTV's long-running reality television series, The Real World, for which she was paid $2,500. She learned about the show from an acquaintance who was a casting director for it.
She was later cast in the 2021 reunion series, The Real World Homecoming: New York, in which the original cast were reunited in the same New York loft they originally lived in. After watching a clip from the original series in which Blasband and castmate Kevin Powell got into a heated debate about racism, the two again discussed the topic. Blasband reacted badly to criticisms from other castmates about her views on the topic, and walked off of the show in episode three.

### Musician

Warner/Chappell Music signed Blasband to a publishing contract and financed an album entitled The Rebecca Blasband. This album went unreleased. She moved to Denver, Colorado in March 1995, and has opened for Edwyn Collins.
In 1997 she released the album Rapt on the Mercury label. Despite moderately positive critical reviews the album made no impact. In 2018 she self-released the album Here, which received little mainstream attention.
# Monadic

Monadic may refer to:
* Monadic, a relation or function having an arity of one in logic, mathematics, and computer science
* Monadic, an adjunction if and only if it is equivalent to the adjunction given by the Eilenberg–Moore algebras of its associated monad, in category theory
* Monadic, in computer programming, a feature, type, or function related to a monad (functional programming)
* Monadic or univalent, a chemical valence
* Monadic, in theology, a religion or philosophy possessing a concept of a divine Monad