OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Toyota GR Super Sport Concept

The Toyota GR Super Sport Concept is a two-seat concept sports car developed by Toyota under the Gazoo Racing brand.

## Overview

The GR Super Sport Concept was first presented to the public in January 2018 at the Tokyo Auto Salon, as a sports car. At the front is a large air intake that guides air through channels behind the front wheels in the vehicle's sides. These aerodynamic features are based on the TS050 Hybrid Le Mans Prototype.
The car's 2.4-litre direct-injected twin-turbo V6 engine and the Toyota Hybrid System-Racing (THS-R) hybrid system were taken directly from the TS050. It is claimed to produce 735 kW (986 hp; 1,000 PS).
The car has 18-inch rims and 330/710R18 Bridgestone slick tires. A series of production runs for street-legal vehicles was planned in small numbers. This was cancelled in 2021.

## Motorsport

In 2018, the FIA and ACO confirmed that the existing LMP1 class would be replaced by the Hypercar class for the 2021 season. With this class, the FIA World Endurance Championship would feature sports cars designed to look more like road vehicles than previous Le Mans prototypes. Toyota is among the manufacturers involved in the creation of the category.
The GR Super Sport Concept was considered by the company to be a preview of vehicles in the Hypercar class.

## GR010 Hybrid

The GR010 Hybrid is a sports racing car which influenced by the GR Super Sport Concept, unveiled on 15 January 2021. The GR010 is powered by a combination of a 3.5-litre twin-turbo V6 engine and a hybrid system that generates upwards of 500 kW (671 hp; 680 PS) with a 4WD system, other than the 2.4-litre V6 and hybrid setup that powers the previous TS050 Hybrid and the GR Super Sport Concept. To stay under the LMH regulations, the GR010 can limit how much power the internal-combustion engine generates, depending on how much hybrid boost is being used at any given moment. Compared to the TS050, the GR010 is 250 mm (9.8 in) longer, 100 mm (3.9 in) wider, 100 mm (3.9 in) higher and weighs more at 1,040 kg (2,293 lb). The TS050 weighs 878 kg (1,936 lb).
# Sports Experts

Sports Experts Inc. is a major Canadian sports-retailer franchise primarily located in Quebec, Canada. It is part of FGL Sports (formerly The Forzani Group), itself part of the Canadian Tire group.

## History

Sports Experts was founded in 1967. It was purchased by Provigo in December 1980.
On February 5, 1985, Sports Experts, which at the time had 108 locations across Quebec and The Maritimes, merged with Toronto-based Collegiate Arlington Sports, a sporting-goods chain of 44 stores in Quebec, Manitoba, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia. The merger went in effect in April 1985 and the combined company took on the name Sports Experts Inc. The Arlington locations initially continued under their namesake but had all been converted to the Sports Experts banner by 1986.
In 1994, Provigo sold Sports Experts to the Forzani Group. The Forzani Group has since been acquired by Canadian Tire in 2011.
As of 2021, the largest Sports Experts store is located at the Laurier Quebec shopping mall in Quebec City.
# Mühringen

Mühringen is a district of Horb am Neckar. The village is located approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the main town and stretches from the valley of the Eyach at an altitude of 401 metres (1,316 ft) above sea level up to the hill of Castle Hohenmühringen. Mühringen has about 1,000 inhabitants.
There is a railway station of the Hohenzollerische Landesbahn in the valley; Mühringen is a station of a German Camino de Santiago.

## History

The first time Mühringen was mentioned in documents was May 3, 786 C.E.
Mühringen has a Jewish cemetery, which lies in the forest between Mühringen and Eyach.
Maximilian Berlitz, founder of Berlitz Language Schools, was born in Mühringen, Kingdom of Württemberg, April 14, 1852.
# Spiropentane

Spiropentane is a hydrocarbon with formula C$_5$H$_8$. It is the simplest spiro-connected cycloalkane, a triangulane. It took several years after the discovery in 1887 until the structure of the molecule was determined. According to the nomenclature rules for spiro compounds, the systematic name is spiro[2.2]pentane. However, there can be no constitutive isomeric spiropentanes, hence the name is unique without brackets and numbers.

## Synthesis

After Gustavson produced cyclopropane by reacting 1,3-dibromopropane with ground-up zinc metal, he tried the same reaction with 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-dibromopropane (see formula scheme). The starting material is easily obtained by reacting pentaerythritol with hydrobromic acid. A molecule with the formula C$_5$H$_8$ was obtained. It was called vinyltrimethylene in the initial publication. In 1907, Fecht expressed the assumption that it must be spiropentane, a constitutional isomer of vinylcyclopropane. Further evidence for the structure of the hydrocarbon comes from the fact that it could also be obtained from 1,1-bis(bromomethyl)-cyclopropane (see formula scheme).
Spiropentane is difficult to separate from the other reaction products and the early procedures resulted in impure mixtures. Decades later, the production method was improved. The spiro hydrocarbon can be separated from the byproducts (2-methyl-1-butene, 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane, methylenecyclobutane) by distillation.

## Properties
### Physical properties

Structural determination by electron diffraction showed two different C-C lengths; the bonds to the quaternary ("spiro") carbon atom are shorter (146.9 pm) than those between the methylene groups (CH$_2$–CH$_2$, 151.9 pm). The C–C–C angles on the spiro C atom are 62.2°, larger than in cyclopropane.

### Chemical properties

When heating molecules of spiropentane labelled with deuterium atoms, a topomerization or "stereomutation" reaction is observed, similar to that of cyclopropane: cis-1,2-dideuteriospiropentane equilibrates with trans-1,2-dideuteriospiropentane.
Gustavson (1896) reported that heating spiropentane to 200 °C caused it to change into other hydrocarbons. A thermolysis in the gas phase from 360 to 410 °C resulted in ring expansion to the constitutional isomer methylenecyclobutane, along with the fragmentation products ethene and propadiene. Presumably, the longer – and weaker – bond is broken first, forming a diradical intermediate.

## Related compounds

* Spiroheptane
# Springdale, Oregon

Springdale is an unincorporated community in Multnomah County in the U.S. state of Oregon. Located between Troutdale and Corbett on the Historic Columbia River Highway, it was named for the many springs in the area. In the 1890s, the east end of the community was called Springdale, but the west end was called Gage. Gage had a post office from 1900 to 1903. The Springdale School, also known as the Springdale Community Center, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and currently houses the CAPS program of the Corbett School District.
# Track and field at the 2011 Military World Games – Women's hammer throw

The women's hammer throw event at the 2011 Military World Games was held on 22 July at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and CISM record were as follows:
| World Record | Betty Heidler (GER) | 81.08 | Halle, Germany | 21 May 2011 |
| CISM World Record | Wenxiu Zhang (CHN) | 72.25 | Hyderabad, India | 15 October 2007 |

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| 22 July 2011 | 09:40 | Final |

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Wenxiu Zhang China | Nataliya Zolotukhina Ukraine | Rosa Rodríguez Venezuela |

## Results
### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result | Notes |
| | Wenxiu Zhang | China | 73.88 | 71.11 | x | 74.29 | 72.24 | x | 74.29 | CR |
| | Nataliya Zolotukhina | Ukraine | 65.37 | 67.46 | 66.70 | 66.86 | 67.93 | 67.01 | 67.93 | |
| | Rosa Rodríguez | Venezuela | x | 62.73 | 67.16 | x | 66.71 | 66.55 | 67.16 | |
| 4 | Martina Hrasnova | Slovakia | 65.35 | 64.20 | 66.10 | 62.96 | 66.08 | x | 66.10 | |
| 5 | Xia Youlian | China | 57.43 | 59.05 | 59.33 | 55.69 | 58.30 | 53.52 | 59.33 | |
| | Ahymara Espinoza | Venezuela | x | DNF | | | | | DNF | |
# Split single

Split single may refer to:
* Split single, a single that contains two tracks, each one by a different artist
* Split-single engine, a variant on the two-stroke engine with two cylinders sharing a single combustion chamber
* Split Single (band), an indie-rock band from Chicago, Illinois
# Split sound system

Split sound is an old system in analog television transmitters. It has long been superseded, but transmitters working on this principle are still in use. In this system there are two almost independent transmitters, one for sound (aural) and one for picture (visual). The system requires more energy input relative to broadcast energy than the alternative system known as intercarrier system.

## Main stages of a transmitter

All superheterodyne transmitters have the following stages:
* Oscillators
* Input stages :Buffer amplifiers, correction circuits etc.
* IF modulator and IF amplifiers
* Frequency mixer
* RF power amplifiers
* Antenna system

## Split sound TV transmitter

In split sound TV broadcasting, two of each of the above stages (except the antenna system) are required, one for sound and one for video. At the output of the RF amplifiers both signals are combined by a high-power diplexer; the combined signal is transmitted.

## Split sound vs intercarrier system

* In split sound system a high power diplexer is used at the output of the RF amplifiers. Such diplexers are expensive and bulky. In intercarrier system where the combining is achieved at a low level stage no diplexer is used.
* Whereas in intercarrier system RF amplifiers are common for both the visual and aural signals, in split sound system visual and aural transmitters have separate RF amplifiers (tetrodes or klystrons). Thus, all else being equal, the power consumption of the split sound system is more than that of the intercarrier system.
* In intercarrier system the two IF signals may interfere with each other to produce interference products out of the operating channel. In order to protect the neighbouring channels a notch filter is used. In split sound no interference products appear at the output, so no filter is needed.
# N.K.P. Salve Institute of Medical Sciences

N.K.P. Salve Institute of Medical Sciences is a full-fledged medical college in Nagpur, Maharashtra. The college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS). Established by the Vidya Shikshan Prasarak Mandals Academy of Higher Education (VSPM AHE), the college is recognised by the Medical Council of India.
Selection to the college is done on the basis of merit through the National Eligibility and Entrance Test.
In 2024, the Government of Maharashtra mandated a minimum monthly stipend for MBBS interns at private medical institutions, after 13 interns from the N.K.P. Salve Institute and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital filed a complaint in the Bombay High Court. This followed strikes by MBBS interns in 2022, when the school threatened to withhold degrees for interns who did not resume work.
# N.L. Peschier

N.L. Peschier (died after 1661), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.
According to the RKD nothing more is known of him besides his signatures on dated paintings. He influenced David Bailly and is known for vanitas paintings in the manner of Vincent van der Vinne and Edwaert Collier.
# Carmer

Carmer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Carmer (born 1966), American writer and inventor
* Carl Carmer (1893–1976), American writer
* Johann Heinrich von Carmer (1720–1801), Prussian judicial reformer
* Sherlock Houston Carmer (1842–1884), American politician
See also
* Carmer Octagon House, also known as the Armour–Stiner House, is a unique octagon-shaped and domed Victorian style house located at 45 West Clinton Avenue in Irvington, in Westchester County, New York
* Mount Carmer, is a mountain on the east side of Wotkyns Glacier (Antarctica)
# Tredagh

Tredagh may refer to
* an area and alternative early spelling of Drogheda, Ireland
* English ship Tredagh (1654), a 50-gun third-rate frigate, later renamed HMS Resolution
* PS Tredagh (1876), a paddle steamer passenger vessel
# Rossendale

Rossendale may refer to several places and organizations in Lancashire, England:

## Places

* Rossendale Valley, a river valley
* Borough of Rossendale, a local government district
* Rossendale (UK Parliament constituency), a former parliamentary constituency

## Organizations

* Rossendale Bus, a bus company
* Rossendale RUFC, a rugby union team
* Rossendale F.C., a former football club
* Rossendale United F.C., a former football club
# Black-chinned emperor tamarin

The black-chinned emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator imperator) is one of the two subspecies of the emperor tamarin. Unlike the bearded emperor tamarin, it has no beard. It is distributed throughout the rainforests of Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. Not much on its conservation is known, so it is listed as Data Deficient by the IUCN. After a gestation period of 140–145 days, females usually give birth to one or two young. It is the same size as the emperor tamarin and it eats almost the same food: bugs, spiders, fruit, tree sap, and nectar.
# William Collinson

William Collinson may refer to:
* William Edward Collinson, British linguist
* William Robert Collinson (1912–1995), American federal judge
# Talis arenella

Talis arenella is a moth in the family Crambidae described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887. It is found in Tunisia and Algeria.
The wingspan is 28–29 mm.

## Subspecies

* Talis arenella arenella
* Talis arenella algirica P. Leraut, 2012 (Algeria)
# Bulbophyllum longivagans

Bulbophyllum longivagans is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Russian blue potato

The Russian blue potato is a deep purple cultivar of potato believed to have originated in Russia.

## Characteristics

The Russian blue potato plant produces medium round and oblong tubers with deep purple insides. It is a late season variety of potato. The plants themselves are large, semi-erect, and produce light blue flowers and dark foliage.

## Development

Russian blues are believed to have originated before the 1900s.

## Cooking

Russian blues are rich in anthocyanin, vitamin C, potassium, and fiber. The potatoes retain their colour when cooked and have a similar texture to russet potatoes.
# Six Feet Under (soundtrack)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Six Feet Under is a soundtrack album to the HBO television series Six Feet Under, released in 2002 on Universal Music.
# Bife de tartaruga

Bife de tartaruga ("turtle steak") is a traditional Cape Verdean dish, particularly on the Ilha de Santiago.
In December 2002, the Cape Verdean government prohibited the killing of turtles by law, in accordance with the country's obligations under the 1995 Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).

## Preparation

To prepare the dish, turtle meat is cut into steaks and seasoned with salt, malagueta, garlic, and white wine. It is then left to marinate for an hour. It is then cooked with onion and butter over a high flame.
The steaks are usually served with white rice and cooked mandioca.
# Bijaya Kumar Maurya

Bijaya Kumar Maurya is an Indian Police Services officer. He is currently serving as the Director General of Uttar Pradesh Police's Home Guards wing. He is a 1990 batch IPS officer, who has previously served as Additional Director General (logistics) in the Uttar Pradesh Police as well. Maurya was given additional charge of Director General (Home Guards) in August 2022, while he was serving as Director General logistics .

## Biography

Maurya is an alumnus of Harvard University. He is the first police officer from Uttar Pradesh, who has completed Masters in Policy Management from Harvard University of United States. While serving as Additional Director General for the Railways, he was awarded by Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry. Maurya has also worked with United Nations for a peace meeting program. Later, he was deployed to work with Indo-Tibetan Border Police in the capacity of Inspector General. During his tenure in ITBP, he served primarily in North West Frontier Province of India, at Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
# Monadeniinae

Monadeniinae is a taxonomic subfamily of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Xanthonychidae

## Anatomy

This subfamily is defined by an absent diverticulum. The species have one dart apparatus, a stylophore (dart sac), one mucous gland, with a muscular duct that is inserted at base of the dart sac.

## Genera

Genera within the subfamily Modaneiinae include:
* Monadenia Pilsbry, 1895 - type genus
# Bill Fraser (Canadian politician)

Bill D. Fraser is a politician in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in the 2006 election as the Liberal MLA for Miramichi-Bay du Vin.
In the 2014 election, he was re-elected in the redistributed riding of Miramichi. He ran again in 2018, but was defeated by Michelle Conroy of the People's Alliance of New Brunswick.
# Thomas Richardson (businessman)

Thomas Richardson (1771–1853) was a shareholder and director of the Stockton & Darlington Railway, a partner in Robert Stephenson & Co. and a founding member of the Owners of the Middlesbrough Estate.

## Background

Thomas Richardson, a bill broker and Quaker from Stamford Hill, London, was the cousin of Edward Pease. Pease proposed the Stockton & Darlington Railway (S&DR) in 1818, and Richardson invested in the scheme, owning fifty £100 shares by 1823. Elected to the S&DR management committee, Richardson also became a partner in the locomotive manufacturers Robert Stephenson & Co. in 1823. The S&DR suffered financial difficulties in the first few years of operation, Richardson guaranteeing £10,000 of the debt in October 1825. By 1830 Richardson owned 141 S&DR shares; Richardson was also director of companies such as the Middlesbrough and Redcar and Wear Valley Railway, which were formed to expand the S&DR.
Soon after opening the export of coal had become the S&DR main business, but the facilities at the port in Stockton proved inadequate. A branch to a new port at Middlesbrough, south of the Tees, was approved by S&DR shareholders on 26 October 1827. Before May 1929 Richardson had bought 500 acres (200 ha) near Port Darlington from William Chilton of Billingham, and with Joseph and Edward Pease and others he formed the Owners of the Middlesbrough Estate to develop it. Middlesbrough had only a few houses before the coming of the railway, but a year later had a population of over 2,000 and at the 2011 census had over 138,000 people.
In 1844 he retired to North Riding of Yorkshire, selling all but 10 shares in the S&DR.
# Thomas Richardson (cricketer)

Thomas Haden Richardson (4 July 1865 — 10 December 1923) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1895.
Richardson was born at Tutbury, Staffordshire, the son of John T. H. Richardson and his wife Sarah Richards. His father was a flint glass manufacturer in the long-standing family business founded by Benjamin Richardson and in 1881 was based at Marston on Dove.
Richardson appeared in a first-class match for the first time in 1888, playing in an England XI against a team of touring Australians. However, the England team lost the match by an innings margin, having scored just 28 runs in the first innings. Richardson played for Staffordshire from 1888 to 1892 and also for the Gentlemen of Staffordshire.
Richardson played for Derbyshire in the 1895 season, their first year in the County Championship. He made his debut in a match against Hampshire and played two further matches for the club, both in that year. His final first-class match was a victory against Leicestershire in August, in which teammate George Walker took nine wickets in the first innings and made 44 runs from tenth in the batting order. Richardson was a right-handed batsman and played 7 innings in 4 first-class matches. He made a top score of 15 and an average of 7.
Richardson died in Tutbury at the age of 58.
# Monks Park

Monks Park is a northern suburb of the city of Bristol, England, and is the highest point within the city. Monks Park stretches westward, towards Southmead, from the A38 trunk road. Filton Park lies directly north, on the South Gloucestershire side of the city boundary. Horfield lies to the east of the A38 and also to the south.
Monks Park takes its name from James Henry Monk, a nineteenth-century bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. The first development in Monks Park took place in the 1930s. Housing is mainly privately owned and semi-detached. Southmead Hospital, Bristol's largest hospital, occupies the south west corner of the suburb. There are two primary schools (Upper Horfield and St Teresa's RC) and Orchard School Bristol, formerly known as Monks Park School prior to 2009.
# Monks Lane Halt railway station

Monks Lane Halt was a railway halt about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) south of Hurst Green. It was on the Uckfield Branch of the Oxted line beside Monks Lane bridge.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Hurst Green Halt Line open, station closed | London, Brighton and South Coast Railway | Edenbridge Town Line open, station open |

## History

The station was opened on 1 June 1907 by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR) to serve expected development nearby, at the same time as the nearby Hurst Green halt. The halt consisted of two wooden platforms with a corrugated iron shelter on each.
The station closed to passengers on 11 September 1939. The line remains open and is today used by trains on the Uckfield branch of the Oxted line, although nothing remains of the station.
# Thomas F. Holgate

Thomas Franklin Holgate (1859–1945) was a Canadian-born American mathematician and academic administrator. He served as the interim president of Northwestern University from 1904 to 1906 and from 1916 to 1919.

## Early life

Thomas F. Holgate was born on April 8, 1859, in Hastings County, United Province of Canada. He graduated from the University of Toronto with a bachelor's degree in 1884 and a master's degree in 1889. He earned a PhD in Mathematics from Clark University in 1893.

## Career

Holgate joined the faculty at Northwestern University in 1893. He served as its president from 1904 to 1906, and from 1916 to 1919.

## Death and legacy

Holgate died at his home in Evanston on April 11, 1945. He was interred at Rosehill Mausoleum in Rosehill Cemetery. The Thomas F. Holgate Library on the campus of Bennett College was named in his honor.
# Bill Kennedy (American football)

William James "Wild Bill" Kennedy (March 13, 1919 – December 29, 1998) was an American football player.
A native of Lee, Massachusetts, he moved with his family to Detroit at age eight. He played college football for Michigan State College (later known as Michigan State University) from 1939 to 1941. He played at the fullback position until his senior year, when he was moved to the line.
Kennedy also played professional football in the National Football League as a guard for the Detroit Lions in 1942 and the Boston Yanks in 1947.
His football career was interrupted by military service during World War II, and he played for the El Toro Marines in 1944 and 1945. In 1946, he was an assistant football coach at the University of San Francisco.