OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Conditional quantum entropy

The conditional quantum entropy is an entropy measure used in quantum information theory. It is a generalization of the conditional entropy of classical information theory. For a bipartite state $\rho ^{AB}$, the conditional entropy is written $S(A|B)_{\rho }$, or $H(A|B)_{\rho }$, depending on the notation being used for the von Neumann entropy. The quantum conditional entropy was defined in terms of a conditional density operator $\rho _{A|B}$ by Nicolas Cerf and Chris Adami, who showed that quantum conditional entropies can be negative, something that is forbidden in classical physics. The negativity of quantum conditional entropy is a sufficient criterion for quantum non-separability.
In what follows, we use the notation $S(\cdot )$ for the von Neumann entropy, which will simply be called "entropy".

## Definition

Given a bipartite quantum state $\rho ^{AB}$, the entropy of the joint system AB is $S(AB)_{\rho }\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ S(\rho ^{AB})$, and the entropies of the subsystems are $S(A)_{\rho }\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ S(\rho ^{A})=S(\mathrm {tr} _{B}\rho ^{AB})$ and $S(B)_{\rho }$. The von Neumann entropy measures an observer's uncertainty about the value of the state, that is, how much the state is a mixed state.
By analogy with the classical conditional entropy, one defines the conditional quantum entropy as $S(A|B)_{\rho }\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ S(AB)_{\rho }-S(B)_{\rho }$.
An equivalent operational definition of the quantum conditional entropy (as a measure of the quantum communication cost or surplus when performing quantum state merging) was given by Michał Horodecki, Jonathan Oppenheim, and Andreas Winter.

## Properties

Unlike the classical conditional entropy, the conditional quantum entropy can be negative. This is true even though the (quantum) von Neumann entropy of single variable is never negative. The negative conditional entropy is also known as the coherent information, and gives the additional number of bits above the classical limit that can be transmitted in a quantum dense coding protocol. Positive conditional entropy of a state thus means the state cannot reach even the classical limit, while the negative conditional entropy provides for additional information.
# Site C

Site C may refer to:

## Places

* Site C dam, Peace River, British Columbia, Canada
* St. Maixent Replacement Barracks Site C, Saint-Maixent-l'École, Poitou-Charentes, France
* Battery C Site, Helena, Arkansas, USA; a U.S. Civil War site
* Eglin Air Force Base Site C, several locations on Elgin AFB, Walton County, Florida, USA
** Eglin AFB Site C-6, phased array radar station
* Nike Missile Site C, the Chicago, Illinois, USA, defense area
** Nike Missile Site C-47, Portage, Indiana, USA
* Quirauk Mountain Site C, Washington County, Maryland., USA; a U.S. DOD radio communication outpost
* International Broadcasting Bureau Greenville Transmitting Station Site C, North Carolina, USA
* Holy Trinity Cemetery, Wrought-Iron Cross Site C, Strasburg, North Dakota, USA
* St. John's Cemetery, Wrought-Iron Cross Site C, Zeeland, North Dakota, USA
* St. Mary's Cemetery, Wrought-Iron Cross Site C, Hague, North Dakota, USA

## Other uses

* Sierra Sciences Site C, a repressor binding site patented in 2004
# Chen Chu (diplomat)

Chen Chu (Chinese: 陈楚; Wade–Giles: Ch'en Ch'u; 1917–1996) was a Chinese diplomat. He was born in Rongcheng, Shandong. He was the first ambassador of the People's Republic of China to Japan (1973–1976) and Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations (1977–1980).
His son, Chen Xiaogong, was a lieutenant general who served as deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army Air Force.
# Union Automatic Revolver

The Union automatic revolver (also known as the Lefever revolver) was a .32 caliber revolver. It was designed by Charles F. Lefever (U.S. patent 944,448, 1909) and manufactured by the Union Firearms Company of Toledo, Ohio.
It was produced in limited numbers until 1912 when production ceased, marking the exit of Union Firearms Company from the handgun business.
It was similar in action to the Webley Fosbery automatic revolver, but had a shroud that protected the recoiling upper half from contact with the firer's hand.
Before its demise, Union Firearms also manufactured the Riefgraber automatic pistol, patented by J.J. Riefgraber, on which Lefever also had "done some work". Charles F. Lefever later worked for the Daisy company in Plymouth, Michigan, for which he designed the Daisy Model 25, which sold over 15 million pieces by 1957.
* This article relating to handguns is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Neleucania patricia

Neleucania patricia is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Neleucania patricia is 10610.
# St Michael's Church, Breaston

St Michael's Church, Breaston is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Breaston, Derbyshire.

## History

The church dates from the 11th century, but is mostly 14th and 15th century. The roofs were raised in the 16th century. A restoration took place in 1871 by Robert Evans of Nottingham where the old box pews were replaced with new seating, and choir stalls were provided. The west gallery was removed. The floor was laid with boards under the seating, red quarry tiles in the aisles, and May and Co encaustic tiles laid in the chancel. The south aisle roof was re-leaded. The Rector provided a small stained glass window featuring St Michael, which was designed and installed by Heaton, Butler and Bayne. It was restored between 1895 and 1899 by Robert Evans and Son who also added a new vestry. The contractor was C Baines of Newark.

## Parish status

The church is in a joint parish with
* St Chad's Church, Church Wilne
* St Mary's Church, Draycott

## Organ

The pipe organ was built by Nigel Church and dates from 1975. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.
# Weightlifting at the 2010 South American Games – Men's 94kg

The Men's 94 kg event at the 2010 South American Games was held over March 29 at 14:00.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Wilmer Torres Colombia | Leomar Albarran Venezuela | Jose Barros Argentina |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Bodyweight | Snatch | Snatch | Snatch | Clean & Jerk | Clean & Jerk | Clean & Jerk | Total |
| Rank | Athlete | Bodyweight | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Total |
| | Wilmer Torres (COL) | 91.11 | 155 | 160 | 170 | 190 | 196 | 200 | 360 |
| | Leomar Albarran (VEN) | 93.63 | 150 | 150 | 157 | 187 | 196 | 200 | 346 |
| | Jose Barros (ARG) | 93.75 | 134 | 139 | 141 | 165 | 170 | 172 | 311 |
| 4 | Juan Ignacio Ascencio (CHI) | 92.79 | 135 | 140 | 141 | 160 | 167 | 171 | 308 |
| 5 | Rafael Andrade (BRA) | 93.71 | 135 | 140 | 140 | 170 | 170 | 171 | 306 |
| 6 | Javier Alejandro Opazo (CHI) | 88.38 | 125 | 132 | 132 | 160 | 167 | 172 | 292 |
# Esko (company)

Esko, formerly called EskoArtwork, is a graphic arts company producing prepress software and hardware for the packaging and labels, sign and display and publishing industries. Esko is headquartered in Ghent, Belgium and is a subsidiary of Veralto Corporation.

## History

Esko was the result of a merger between Barco Graphics and Purup-Eskofot A/S in 2001. The merged company was called Esko-Graphics but was renamed Esko in 2006. In the fall of 2005, Esko became fully owned by Axcel, a Danish private financial company.
In August 2007 Esko announced that it was 'joining forces' with Artwork Systems Group NV (AWS), its chief competitor in the packaging prepress market. Esko initially bought 76.69% of AWS shares for €196 million. Enfocus, a brand of PDF pre-flighting and workflow software originally acquired by Artwork Systems in 2000, became a subsidiary of the combined EskoArtwork company.
Reflecting the merger, Esko changed its name to EskoArtwork. It also introduced a new logo, though it is visually very close to the Esko original.
In January 2011, 100% of EskoArtwork shares have been transferred to Danaher. In January 2012, the name changed back to Esko, the logo was also updated. Esko acquired CAPE Systems (a palletization software vendor) in 2013, MediaBeacon (a Digital Asset Management vendor) in 2015 and Blue Software, LLC (a label and artwork management software vendor) in 2018. At the end of September 2023, Danaher spun-off its Environmental and Applied Solutions segment as Veralto Corporation.
# Boron phosphate

Boron phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula BPO$_4$. The simplest way of producing it is the reaction of phosphoric acid and boric acid. It is a white infusible solid that evaporates above 1450 °C.

## Synthesis

Boron phosphate is synthesized from phosphoric acid and boric acid at a temperature range from 80 °C to 1200 °C. The relatively cold treatment produces a white amorphous powder, which is converted to a microcrystalline product when heated at about 1000 °C for 2 hours.
The main reaction of the process is:
    H$_3$BO$_3$ + H$_3$PO$_4$ → BPO$_4$ + 3 H$_2$O
New ways of synthesizing the compound have also been reported, such as hydrothermal and microwave synthesis.
Due to the particular industrial interest of boron phosphate, other methods are used as well:
* Phosphoric acid and triethyl borate
* Triethyl phosphate and boron trichloride
* Diammonium phosphate acid and borax heated to 1000 °C
* Boric acid and phosphorus pentoxide (hydrothermal)

## Structure

If obtained at pressure, the ordinary structure is isomorphous with the β-cristobalite, while subjecting it to high pressure is obtained a compound isomorphic with α-quartz. The structure of AlPO$_4$, berlinite, is isomorphous with α-quartz.

## Applications

It is used as a catalyst for dehydration and other reactions in organic synthesis. Also, it serves as a source of phosphates for exchange reactions in the solid state to obtain metal phosphates.
# Tikjda

Tikjda is a ski resort located in a mountain range named Djurdjura, northern Algeria, with an altitude of 1,600 metres (5,250 feet), in the province of Bouïra.
In the summers, Tikjda offers walks, rock climbing and many short excursions, with places like Point de vue du Djurdjura and Gouffre de l'Akouker. The area around Tikjda has many peaks and hillsides covered with cedar forests.
The Mediterranean Sea can be spotted on clear days.

## Sources

* ↑ Tikjda – Fun All Year Round
# Thomas Mooney (footballer)

Thomas Mooney (born 14 December 1973) is a former professional footballer who played for Huddersfield Town and Ballymena United.
# Chen Chun-ching

Chen Chun-ching (born 13 November 1975) is a Taiwanese judoka. He competed in the men's half-middleweight event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# David Krutko

David Krutko (born November 11, 1957) is a retired territorial level politician in Northern Canada and a former speaker of the Northwest Territories legislature.
Krutko was first elected to the Northwest Territories legislature in the 1995 general election. He defeated former Premier Richard Nerysoo in an upset victory. He was re-elected in the 1999 general election, winning in a landslide with 75% of the vote. He was subsequently re-elected by acclamation in the 2003 general election.
After being re-elected to his third term in office he was elected speaker on December 11, 2003 after Tony Whitford was appointed commissioner. He resigned as Speaker on June 1, 2004 when he was appointed to the cabinet replacing Henry Zoe who had been voted out by the legislature in a vote of no confidence. He was appointed as the Minister Responsible for the Northwest Territories Power Corporation and the Minister of Public Works and Services as well as the Minister Responsible for the Workers' Compensation Board.
Krutko was re-elected to a fourth term in the 2007 general election with 50.5% of the vote. He retired at the 2011 general election but returned to fight the Mackenzie Delta seat again in 2015. On this occasion he came fourth with 86 votes, or less than 14%.
# Christina Enroth-Cugell

Christina Alma Elisabeth Enroth-Cugell (1919 – June 15, 2016), was a vision scientist who was a professor at Northwestern University for 31 years, was a founding faculty member and one of the first women to teach at the McCormick School of Engineering and chaired the Department of Neurobiology at the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences from 1984 to 1986. Her husband David Cugell was a professor at the Feinberg School of Medicine for 58 years, the longest tenure in the school’s history.
Enroth-Cugell was born in Helsinki, Finland. She earned a joint M.D./Ph.D. from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and did post-doctorate work at Harvard University. Enroth-Cugell was one of the first female interns at Passavant Memorial Hospital.
Her research focused on visual adaptation and the spatial and temporal aspects of receptive fields and the physiology of the mammalian retina. One of her journal articles, based on a study with collaborator John G. Robson, has been cited approximately 2,000 times and "was one of the first to use systems analysis methods in vision, and it launched a field of study on parallel pathways in the visual system."

## Awards and honors

* Jonas Stein Friedenwald Award, 1983
# Kopadatti

Kopadatti is a village in Belagavi district in Karnataka, India.
# Borough Compter

The Borough Compter was a small compter or prison initially located in Southwark High Street but moved to nearby Tooley Street in 1717, where it stood until demolished until 1855. It took its name from 'The Borough', a historic name for the Southwark area of London on the south side of the River Thames from the City of London. This replaced a lock-up as part of the city's court house under the jurisdiction of the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen of the city, and their High-Bailiff of Southwark. This first court house was converted from the old church of the parish St Margaret. A floor was made across the level of the church's gallery and the windows below that were blocked in, the Court Room being on the first floor. This structure was destroyed in the Great Fire of Southwark in 1676.
When the first Compter burned down a replacement court room was built on the site and was in use from 1685. Its front was adorned with a statue of James II, just after his accession, the city's coat of arms and the Bridge House Mark. The court room was on the first floor, the ground floor was leased out as a tavern, 'The King's Arms'. The site is located at the fork junction of Borough High Street and Southwark Street, occupied now by the building which is named 'Town Hall Chambers' being licensed premises at the ground floor and apartments above. It is commemorated by the alley-way behind named Counter Court, i.e. 'Compter Court'.
The 'lock-up' or Compter was replaced by a new building off Mill Lane (now Hay's Lane) on the present site of Hay's Galleria hence the name of the small passageway 'Counter Street' (Counter/ Compter). This also held persons committed for trial for felonies and misdemeanors as well as debtors, and others tried and sentenced to imprisonment, but not to hard labour.
Borough Compter was one of the prisons visited and described by prison reformer John Howard who described it as in a deplorable condition: "out of repair and ruinous, without an infirmary and even without bedding; while most of the inmates were poor creatures from the 'Court of Conscience,' who lay there till their debts were paid." Defects in the discipline and management of this prison were strongly criticised by a Committee of the House of Commons in 1829. It finally closed in 1855.
# Conner Hill

Conner Hill is a summit in Oregon County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It has an elevation of 784 feet (239 m).
The peak lies just east of the Eleven Point River and north of Riverton.
Conner Hill has the name of George Conner, a pioneer citizen.
# Bikash Khawas

Bikash Khawas (born July 21, 2001) is a Nepalese professional footballer who plays as a right-back for the Nepal national team. He has also played for Nepal's U-16, U-19 and U-23 teams.
# Open-air treatment

Open-air treatment is the therapeutic use of fresh air and sunshine. In a hospital or sanitorium, this may be done by ensuring good ventilation in an airy, sunny room or by housing patients outdoors in tents or other open forms of accommodation. During the 20th century, such treatment was used for people with infectious respiratory diseases such as influenza or tuberculosis.
In the 1960s, researchers into biological warfare found that microbes such as Escherichia coli were killed when exposed to outdoor air but that, when they were enclosed, they would remain viable for longer. They called this the open air factor but were unable to identify the exact mechanism or disinfecting agent.
Open-air schools were established in several countries to provide a healthy environment for sickly children, emphasising fresh air, good food and exercise. In England, the first one opened at Bostall Wood in 1907 and, by the 1930s, there were over a hundred across the country.
# Union Township, Crawford County, Missouri

Union Township is a township in Crawford County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The township was previously known as Watkins Township sometime before 1870.
# Christina Elisabeth Carowsky

Christina Elisabeth Carowsky (March 5, 1745 – 1797) was a Swedish painter.

## Biography

Carowsky was born in Gothenburg into a family of artists. Her mother was Maria Carowsky and Michael Carowsky, and her grandfather was Johan Ross the Elder. Carowsky became a well known portrait painter in Gothenburg. She married in 1787 to Engelbert Jörlin, the principal at Gothenburg elementary school.
# Baculentulus matsuokai

Baculentulus matsuokai is a species of proturan in the family Acerentomidae. It is found in Southern Asia.
# Chepchumba

Chepchumba, or Jepchumba, is a surname of Kenyan origin meaning "daughter of Chumba". It may refer to:
* Beatrice Jepchumba (born 1983), Kenyan long-distance runner
* Joyce Chepchumba (born 1970), Kenyan marathon runner and past winner of the London, Chicago and New York marathons
* Pamela Chepchumba (born 1979), Kenyan half marathon and marathon runner
* Peninah Jepchumba (born 1985), Kenyan middle- and long-distance runner
* Peris Chepchumba (born 1968), Kenyan politician and Member of the National Assembly for the Orange Democratic Movement
* Rose Jepchumba (born 1979), Kenyan long-distance runner
* Salome Chepchumba (born 1982), Kenyan steeplechase runner
* Violah Jepchumba (born 1990), Kenyan half marathon runner
# Tim Callahan (American football)

John Timothy Callahan (March 29, 1895 – May 14, 1976) was an American football player and coach. He attended preparatory school at the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and then enrolled at Yale University. He played college football at the guard position for the Yale Bulldogs in 1916 and 1919 to 1920, and was a consensus first-team selection on the 1920 College Football All-America Team. His education at Yale was interrupted during World War I by service as a pilot in the Naval Aviation Corps. He was stationed at Newport, Rhode Island, and later in South America, before being discharged in 1919. Callahan was captain of the 1920 Yale Bulldogs football team while his brother Henry "Mike" Callahan was captain of the 1920 Princeton Tigers football team.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Colorado Mines Orediggers (Rocky Mountain Conference) (1922–1923) ||||||
| 1922 | Colorado Mines | 4–2–1 | 3–2–1 | 4th |
| 1923 | Colorado Mines | 2–5 | 1–5 | T–8th |
| Colorado Mines: | Colorado Mines: | 6–7–1 | 4–7–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 6–7–1 | | |
# Monadenia infumata

Monadenia infumata, the redwood sideband snail, is a species of land snail found on the Pacific coast of the United States.

## Subspecies

* Monadenia infumata callidina S.S. Berry, 1940
* Monadenia infumata infumata (A. Gould, 1855)
* Monadenia infumata trinidadensis Talmadge, 1947
* Monadenia infumata alamedensis S. S. Berry, 1940: synonym of Monadenia infumata infumata (A. Gould, 1855)
* Monadenia infumata ochromphalus S.S. Berry, 1937: synonym of Monadenia ochromphalus S. S. Berry, 1937
* Monadenia infumata setosa Talmadge, 1952: synonym of Monadenia setosa Talmadge, 1952
* Monadenia infumata subcarinata (Hemphill in W.G. Binney, 1892): synonym of Monadenia subcarinata (Hemphill in W.G. Binney, 1892)
# Tether (disambiguation)

A tether is a cord, fixture, or flexible attachment that secures something movable to something else.
Tether may also refer to:

## Science and technology

* Tether (cell biology), an elongated cylinder of the membrane of a cell bond to a substrate
* Molecular tether

### Computing

* Tethering, sharing a mobile device's internet connection
* Tether (cryptocurrency), a cryptocurrency
* Tethered jailbreak, in iOS jailbreaking

### Space

* Space tether, use of tethers to propel or stabilize objects in space
** Electrodynamic tether, a conductive space tether which generates current and acts against a planetary magnetic field
** Momentum exchange tether, a kind of space tether
*** Skyhook (structure), or a tidal stabilized tether
** Space elevator, a geostationary orbital tether

## Songs

* "Tether" (song), by Eric Prydz, 2015
* "Tether", by Chvrches from The Bones of What You Believe, 2013
* "Tether", by Damien Jurado from Where Shall You Take Me?, 2003
* "Tether", by Dreamers of the Ghetto from Enemy/Lover, 2011
* "Tether", by the Indigo Girls from All That We Let In, 2004
* "Tether", by On Broken Wings from Number One Beautiful, 2001
* "Tether", by Plaid from Reachy Prints, 2014
* "Tether", by Sarah Harmer from All of Our Names, 2004
* "Tether", by Tantric from Mercury Retrograde, 2018

## Other uses

* Ankle monitor or tether, used to track parolees' whereabouts and/or alcohol use
* Tether (hieroglyph), an alphabetic uniliteral sign of ancient Egypt
* Anthony Tether (born ca. 1941), Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
# David Lunn-Rockliffe

David Lunn-Rockliffe (28 December 1924 – 23 August 2011) was a British businessman, rowing supporter, and co-founder of the River and Rowing Museum in Henley-on-Thames, England.
Lunn-Rockliffe was the youngest son of an English father, a doctor, and Swiss mother. He was brought up near Winchester in Hampshire, southern England. He was educated at Stowe School and Jesus College, Cambridge, reading land economy, with a break between to serve with the Worcestershire Regiment in Burma during World War II. He started working as a dairy farmer in Hampshire, before becoming a development officer at the Institute of Corn and Agricultural Merchants. He later worked in the paint industry.
Lunn-Rockliffe was Executive Secretary of the Amateur Rowing Association (now known as British Rowing) in the United Kingdom from 1976 until 1987, overseeing the move towards a more professional organization. He was then central to the foundation of the River and Rowing Museum in Henley, opened by Queen Elizabeth II in November 1998. He took charge of negotiating a site close to the River Thames with Henley Town Council, engaging the architect David Chipperfield to design the award-winning museum building, and obtaining planning permission together with major sponsorship from the locally based businessmen Martyn Arbib and Urs Schwarzenbach.
David Lunn-Rockcliffe married Elizabeth Capron in 1950 and they lived in Wimbledon followed by Surbiton, both in southwest London. They had five daughters and she died in 2001 after they moved to Exeter in Devon.