OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Offenhauser Sales Corporation

Offenhauser Sales Corporation is an American manufacturer of racing, custom car and performance automotive parts founded around 1946 by Fred C. Offenhauser, nephew of Fred H. Offenhauser, co-designer of the Offy racing engine. As of 2016, the third generation President of the company is Fred C. "Tay" Offenhauser, grand nephew of founder Fred C. Offenhauser. After working with his uncle Fred H. Offenhauser in the 1930s and 1940s, Fred C. served in the US Navy during World War II, and returned home to found his speed parts business. The company is unrelated to the Offy or Offenhauser racing engine, and after a suit over the use of the name, Offenhauser Sales Corporation was allowed to use the family name, but not the racing engine nickname "Offy".
# Offenheim

Offenheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Geography
### Location

The municipality, which lies in the middle of the Rhenish-Hessian Switzerland, has 842 ha of woodland, giving it the biggest and almost the only wooded area in Rhenish Hesse. In the Vorholzwald (forest) is found Rhenish Hesse's highest elevation at 358 m above sea level, the Kappelberg. Offenheim belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Alzey-Land, whose seat is in Alzey.

## History

In 786, Offenheim had its first documentary mention in Lorsch Abbey’s donation directory.

## Politics
### Municipal council

The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
| | SPD | LINKE | BfO | FWG | Total |
| 2009 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 12 seats |
| 2004 | 4 | - | 5 | 3 | 12 seats |

### Coat of arms

The municipality's arms might be described thus: Argent an oak eradicated leafed of eleven vert, fretted in the boughs a bow unstrung in fesse Or on each end of which an inescutcheon, the dexter sable in bend sinister charged with a lion rampant sinister Or langued and crowned gules, and the sinister gules in bend charged with the head of a bishop's crozier Or, the point of the crook in the shape of a trefoil in bend sinister.
# Offendorf

Offendorf (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Offener Kanal Essen

Offener Kanal Essen (Open Channel Essen) is a public television station based in Zeche Carl, Essen, Germany. Alongside Offener Kanal Dortmund, Offener Kanal Essen was one of the two largest open channels in North Rhine-Westphalia (category A). On January 1, 2009, the Open Channel ceased operations. This includes the TV station as well as the offering of seminars or the rental of technology and editing suites. At the suggestion of the LfM NRW, the state media commission decided to no longer support open channels in their previous form.
# Vincenzo Ansaloni

Vincenzo Ansaloni was a native of Bologna, and a disciple of Lodovico Carracci. Under so able an instructor he became a reputable painter of history. Malvasia speaks in very favourable terms of an altar-piece by this master, in the chapel of the family of Fioravanti, in the church of Santo Stefano of Bologna, representing the 'Martyrdom of St. Sebastian.' His main work is a picture in the church of the Celestine Monks, representing the Virgin Mary with the Infant Saviour in the clouds, and below, St Roch and St Sebastian. According to Zani, he flourished about 1615, and died young.
# Offensive programming

Offensive programming is a name used for the branch of defensive programming that expressly departs from defensive principles when dealing with errors resulting from software bugs. Although the name is a reaction to extreme interpretations of defensive programming, the two are not fundamentally in conflict. Rather, offensive programming adds an explicit priority of not tolerating errors in wrong places: the point where it departs from extreme interpretations of defensive programming is in preferring the presence of errors from within the program's line of defense to be blatantly obvious over the hypothetical safety benefit of tolerating them. This preference is also what justifies using assertions.

## Distinguishing errors

The premise for offensive programming is to distinguish between expectable errors, coming from outside the program's line of defense, however improbable, versus preventable internal errors that shall not happen if all its software components behave as expected.
Contrasting examples:
| Expectable errors | Preventable errors |
| Invalid user input | Invalid function arguments |
| Depletion of OS resources (such as storage, memory) | Value out of defined range (e.g. enum) |
| Hardware failure (such as network, storage) | Undocumented return value or exception |

## Bug detection strategies

Offensive programming is concerned with failing, so to disprove the programmer's assumptions. Producing an error message may be a secondary goal.
Strategies:
* No unnecessary checks: Trusting that other software components behave as specified, so to not paper over any unknown problem, is the basic principle. In particular, some errors may already be guaranteed to crash the program (depending on programming language or running environment), for example dereferencing a null pointer. As such, null pointer checks are unnecessary for the purpose of stopping the program (but can be used to print error messages).
* Assertions – checks that can be disabled – are the preferred way to check things that should be unnecessary to check, such as design contracts between software components.
* Remove fallback code (limp mode) and fallback data (default values): These can hide defects in the main implementation, or, from the user point of view, hide the fact that the software is working suboptimally. Special attention to unimplemented parts may be needed as part of factory acceptance testing, as yet unimplemented code is at no stage of test driven development discoverable by failing unit tests.
* Remove shortcut code (see the strategy pattern): A simplified code path may hide bugs in a more generic code path if the generic code almost never gets to run. Since the two are supposed to produce the same result, the simplified one can be eliminated.
# Special mark

A Special Mark, as defined by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, is a sea mark used in maritime pilotage. It is recognisable by its yellow colour and X, (also referred to as a St. Andrews Cross or saltire) top-mark. It has a distinctive sequence of various flashes that does not match any other navigational mark flashes in its vicinity.

## Purpose

Special marks can indicate:
* Administrative areas
* Water skiing areas
* Anchorage areas
* Mooring areas
* Waiting areas
* Marine farms
* Oil wells
* Dead ends
* Pipelines
* Spoil ground (an area where dredged material is deposited)
* Historic wrecks
* Protected areas
* Outfall pipes (such as Stormwater, and Cooling water)
* Sewerage pipes
* Intake pipes
* Submarine cables

## Other uses

* Buoys, such as a Weather buoy or Mooring buoy are coloured yellow or have a yellow light to indicate it is not an aid to navigation.
# Blyat (album)

Blyat is the third studio album by German rapper Capital Bra, released on 29 September 2017 via Auf!Keinen!Fall!.
The album produced six singles, including "Nur noch Gucci", "Ghetto Massari", "Olé olé", "Kuku Sls", "Wer hoch fliegt fällt tief" and "Zweistellige Haftstrafen" of which five received music videos. Capital Bra promoted the album with a limited box set. Blyat debuted on number three in Germany, Austria and five in Switzerland.

## Background

Capital Bra released his second studio album Makarov Complex in February 2017 to commercial success. On 16 June 2017, he announced his second studio album Blyat. The first single, "Nur noch Gucci", was released in July.

## Release and promotion

Blyat was released by Auf!Keinen!Fall!, Chapter One, and Universal. Internationally, the album was released on 29 September 2017 on all major streaming platforms and physically in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
To promote the album, German rappers Kollegah and Farid Bang announced a limited box set that included the CD, an EP, a DVD, a T-shirt, a poster, three stickers, and a Matryoshka doll.

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 3 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 3 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 5 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Germany (BVMI) | Gold | 100,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Ajmalicine

Ajmalicine, also known as δ-yohimbine or raubasine, is an antihypertensive drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. It has been marketed under numerous brand names including Card-Lamuran, Circolene, Cristanyl, Duxil, Duxor, Hydroxysarpon, Iskedyl, Isosarpan, Isquebral, Lamuran, Melanex, Raunatin, Saltucin Co, Salvalion, and Sarpan. It is an alkaloid found naturally in various plants such as Rauvolfia spp., Catharanthus roseus, and Mitragyna speciosa.
Ajmalicine is structurally related to yohimbine, rauwolscine, and other yohimban derivatives. Like corynanthine, it acts as a α$_1$-adrenergic receptor antagonist with preferential actions over α$_2$-adrenergic receptors, underlying its hypotensive rather than hypertensive effects.
Additionally, it is a very strong inhibitor of the CYP2D6 liver enzyme, which is responsible for the breakdown of many drugs. Its binding affinity at this receptor is 3.30 nM.

## Biosynthesis

Two moieties are involved in the biosynthesis of ajmalicine, the terpenoid moiety and the indole moiety. The terpenoid moiety is synthesized by the MEP pathway. The MEP pathway starts with pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, followed by the involvement of DXS, DXR, MCT, MECS, HDS, and HDR genes. This results in isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate which are then synthesized into secologanin. The indole moiety is brought about by the indole pathway, where tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) catalyzes the formation of tryptamine from tryptophan. Strictosidine synthase (STR) then catalyzes the formation of strictosidine from the intermediates of the previous pathways. Strictosidine is the common precursor for all terpenoid indole alkaloids. Ajmalicine is finally synthesized under catalysis of strictosidine glucosidase (SGD).
# Tramcars of the Chesterfield Tramway

This is a list of all horse-drawn and electric tramcars of the Chesterfield Tramway, which opened on 8 November 1882, and closed on 23 December 1927. The tramway's gauge was 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge).

## Horse cars built between 1882 and 1903

| Car numbers | Type (as built) | Year built | Builder | Seats | Truck | Motors | Controllers |
| 1-2 | Open top | 1882 | Ashbury | 32 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 3 | Single deck | 1882 | Ashbury | 16 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 4-5 | Single deck | 1890 | Milnes | 16 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 6 | Single deck | 1898 | Milnes | 16 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 7-8 | Single deck | 1899 | Milnes | 16 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 9 | Open top | 1903 | Ashbury | 32 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Turner states that two tramcars were bought in 1903, which had previously been owned by Sheffield Tramway, and that they were probably never renumbered.

## Electric cars built between 1904 and 1927

| Car numbers | Type (as built) | Year built | Builder | Seats | Truck | Motors | Controllers |
| 1-12 | Open top | 1904 | Ashbury | 22/34 | Brush | Westinghouse 90M | 2x25hp |
| 13-14 | Open top | 1907 | Ashbury | 22/34 | Brush | Westinghouse 90M | 2x25hp |
| 15 | Water car | 1909 | Milnes | | Brush | Westinghouse 90M | 2x25hp |
| 16-18 | Balcony | 1914 | Milnes | 22/34 | Peckham P22 | Westinghouse T1 | 2x25hp |
Several cars were damaged when a fire broke out at the depot on 20 October 1916. Car number 8 and one of the three cars bought in 1914 were scrapped because they were too damaged to be repaired. They were replaced by two additional trams obtained in 1920, although details of them are sketchy. Seven of the open topped vehicles were fitted with top covers in 1920.
# Pyathon

Pyathon is a village in Taungdwin Region, Minkin Township, Kale District, Sagaing Division in Myanmar.
# San Emiliano

San Emiliano (Santu Michanu in Leonese) is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. At the 2011 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 706 inhabitants. The municipality is a known for tourism as for their small county state in Spain.

## Language

The local dialect is known as Paḷḷuezu, a variant of the Leonese dialect, itself a dialect of Asturleonese, used in the northern part of the province.
# Second Council of Cirta

The Second Council of Cirta was a conference of Bishops, held in June 412, at Cirta in Roman North Africa, and was debated between the Catholics led by Augustine and the Donatists led by Silvanus of Numidia. It is notable as the origin of the Catholic dogma that "There is no salvation outside the Catholic Church".

## History

The conference was chaired by Augustine, but was called by Donatists in response to the dissatisfaction the Donatist bishops held at the Council of Carthage the year before and by Catholics to refute the Donatists. Mostly what we know of the Council comes from the writings of Augustine.
Most significantly Augustine said,
   “He who is separated from the body of the Catholic Church, however laudable his conduct may seem, will never enjoy eternal life, and the anger of God remains on him by reason of the crime of which he is guilty in living separated from Christ because he was separated from the Catholic Church.”
The Donatist position, by contrast, was that "the true church was only composed of those who were repentant." The repetition of baptism was "pollution of the souls", and baptism was only valid based on the character of the baptizer.
# Minstrel Stakes

The Minstrel Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.
The event is named after The Minstrel, a successful Irish-trained racehorse in the 1970s. It was formerly held at Phoenix Park in late April or early May, and it used to be contested by three-year-olds over a mile. For a period it was classed at Listed level.
The race was transferred to the Curragh and switched to July in 1991, and at this point it was opened to older horses. It was promoted to Group 3 status in 1996, and cut to 7 furlongs in 2001. The minimum age of participating horses was raised to four in 2002, and three-year-olds were re-admitted in 2007. It was upgraded to Group 2 level from the 2016 running.

## Records

Most successful horse since 1988 (2 wins):
* Ramooz – 1997, 1999
* Gordon Lord Byron - 2015, 2016
* Romanised - 2019, 2020
* Order of Australia - 2021, 2022
Leading jockey since 1988 (6 wins):
* Michael Kinane – Executive Perk (1988), Twilight Agenda (1989), Go and Go (1990), Asema (1993), King Charlemagne (2001), Caradak (2005)
Leading trainer since 1988 (7 wins):
* Aidan O'Brien - Wandering Thoughts (1994), King Charlemagne (2001), Air Chief Marshal (2010), Darwin (2013), Spirit Of Valor (2017), Order of Australia (2021,2022)

## Winners since 1988

* ↑ Home Of The Brave finished first in 2015, but was disqualified after failing a drug test
* ↑ The 2023 race was run at Leopardstown after the original Curragh fixture was abandoned due to heavy rainfall
# SS Yewforest (1945)

Yewforest was a 1,047 GRT coaster that was built as Empire Fenchurch in 1945 by John Lewis & Sons Ltd, Aberdeen for the Ministry of Transport (MoT). She was sold in 1946 and renamed Yewforest. She was sold to Guernsey in 1954 and renamed Perelle. Sold for scrapping in 1961, she was converted to a barge in 1962 and was in service as Tor in 1965.

## Description

The ship was a coaster built in 1945 by John Lewi & Sons Ltd, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. She was yard number 187.
The ship was 205 feet 0 inches (62.48 m) long, with a beam of 32 feet 8 inches (9.96 m). She had a depth of 13 feet 7 inches (4.14 m). She was assessed at 1,047 GRT, 683 NRT,
The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of 14 inches (36 cm), 24 inches (61 cm) and 40 inches (100 cm) diameter by 27 inches (69 cm) stroke. The engine was built by John Lewis & Sons Ltd. It drove a single screw propeller.

## History

The ship was built by John Lewis & Sons Ltd, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. She was launched on 6 November 1945 and completed in February 1946. Built for the MoT, she was placed under the management of John Stewart & Co (Shipping) Ltd. The United Kingdom Official Number 180995 and Code Letters GKQF were allocated. Her port of registry was Aberdeen.
Empire Fenchurch was sold in 1946 to John Stewart & Co (Shipping) Ltd. In 1954, Yewforest was sold to O Dorey & Sons Ltd, Guernsey, Channel Islands and was renamed Perelle. She was towed to Gothenburg, Sweden in 1961 for scrapping but was leased out as a floating warehouse in Denmark. In 1962, she was cut down to a barge and was renamed Tor. She was still in service in 1965.
# SS Wassaic

Wassaic was a steam cargo ship built in 1918-1919 by Los Angeles Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company of San Pedro for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine.
SS Wassaic was a steel-hulled, single-screw freighter built under a United States Shipping Board contract. She was launched on 14 April 1918 by the Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Drydock Company at San Pedro, Los Angeles, California. Subsequently, taken over by the U.S. Navy for World War I use by the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS) and given Identification Number (Id. No.) 3230, she was commissioned at New Orleans, Louisiana, as USS Wassaic (ID-3230) on 14 October 1918.
Wassaic loaded 7,468 tons of United States Army supplies and got underway for Bordeaux, France, on 10 November 1918, the day before the armistice with Germany was signed, ending World War I. En route to Europe, Wassaic encountered mechanical difficulties and was obliged to put into New York City on 16 November 1918 for repairs. Underway again on 29 November 1918, Wassaic, rerouted in light of the war's end, sailed for Brest, France, instead of Bordeaux.
Arriving at Brest on 13 December 1918, Wassaic got underway for the United States on 31 December 1918. After a stop at Corona, Spain, for repairs to her damaged propeller, Wassaic got underway from Corona on 6 January 1919. Following stops at the Azores and Bermuda, she made port at Newport News, Virginia, on 7 February 1919.
Wassaic took on a cargo of railroad supplies and departed the United States East Coast on her second NOTS voyage on 10 March 1919, bound for La Pallice, France. Arriving there on 23 March 1919, she discharged her cargo and returned to the United States, heavily ballasted partly with a cargo of steel rails. Putting briefly into Norfolk, Virginia, on 22 April 1919, Wassaic sailed for New Orleans on 23 April 1919, arriving there on 29 April 1919. Discharging her cargo of steel there, she shifted to New York. There, after final repairs and inventories, Wassaic was decommissioned, struck from the Navy List, and returned to the United States Shipping Board, all on 29 May 1919.
Wassaic remained in Shipping Board ownership until she was abandoned due to age and deterioration in 1931 or 1932.
# Arthur Gosling

Sir Arthur Hulin Gosling, KBE, CB, FRSE, FRICS (26 July 1901 – 8 August 1982) was a British civil servant and forester.
Born on 26 July 1901, Gosling attended Bell's Grammar School in Coleford and, after serving briefly in the Air Ministry, enrolled at the Forestry Commissioners' School for Forestry; he became an instructor there in 1920. Two years later, he became forester-in-charge at Llanover Forest. He then studied at the University of Edinburgh from 1925 to 1928, earning a degree in forestry.
Gosling returned to the Forestry Commission in 1928 as a district officer and was promoted to divisional officer ten years later. In 1940, he was appointed Assistant Commissioner for Scotland. In 1946, he became Director of Forestry for Scotland, before he was appointed Deputy Director-General of the Forestry Commission in 1947 and then Director-General in 1948, serving until he retired in 1962. He then chaired the Commonwealth Forestry Association until 1972. He died on 8 August 1982 in Dorest. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1950 New Year Honours and a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1955 Birthday Honours. He was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1942.
# Arthur's Pike

Arthur's Pike is a fell in the English Lake District, near Ullswater. It is a subsidiary top on the ridge falling north from Loadpot Hill in the Far Eastern Fells. An extensive craggy face stands above the lower reach of Ullswater.

## Topography

The fell is separated from Loadpot Hill by a broad depression just south east of the summit, the ground here being quite marshy. The descending ridge turns north east at Arthur's Pike, passing over the knoll of White Knott as it falls between Aik Beck and the lake, heading for Pooley Bridge. Wainwright chose to define the fell between these narrow limits, assigning the wider slopes around Moor Divock to Loadpot Hill, and that convention is followed here.
To the west of Arthur's Pike the land falls steeply to Swarthbeck. This stream divides the fell from its twin, Bonscale Pike, before flowing to Ullswater. The north western face of Arthur's Pike has several tiers of crag, dropping to a belt of cultivated land and then the lakeside road to Howtown.

## Summit

Arthur's Pike has a small summit set back from the crags on a grassy plateau. The remains of a beacon (columnar cairn) mark the brink of the face.

## Ascents

There is no clear path to the summit, but a little to the south east the High Street Roman road runs past. The obvious direct ascent is from Swarthbeck on the Howtown road, outflanking the crags to the north and making for White Knott on a good path. The top can also be reached from the Roman road, either northwards from Loadpot Hill or southwards from Pooley Bridge or Helton.
# Arthur McGill

Arthur McGill may refer to:
* Arthur C. McGill (1926–1980), American theologian and philosopher
* Arthur Fergusson McGill (1846–1890), British surgeon, anatomist and author
* Arthur McGill (rugby union) (born 1944), Australian rugby union player