OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carola Trier

Carola Strauss Trier (1913–2000) was a German dancer, acrobat, contortionist, and later a teacher, lecturer, and practitioner.

## Biography

Trier was the second daughter of German chemist and philosopher Eduard Strauss and Beatrice Rosenberg, an American citizen. She attended the Philanthropin in Frankfurt am Main, and then studied at the Laban School. Her family lived in Europe until the Second World War, emigrating to the United States in 1938, while she initially stayed in Germany, then emigrated to France. For reason of being a German, she was sent to the Gurs internment camp in France, from which she was finally released with the help of fellow dancer Marcel Neydorf. Together, they moved to the zone libre, and she was able to immigrate to New York in 1942, shortly before the zone libre was occupied, leading to thousands of Jews being detained, with most then being sent to Auschwitz. Neydorf stayed in France, as he did not receive a US visa.
Regarded as a potential enemy alien in the United States, she was initially interned in Fort Howard until she was granted refugee status. She moved to New York, married Edgar Trier and supported herself in the United States as a dancer, acrobat, and most notably a roller-skating contortionist. A devastating injury which occurred in 1950 brought her to Joseph and Clara Pilates, founders of the Pilates method of exercise and strength training. Throughout the 1950s, she was trained by the Pilates couple. She opened her own Contrology studio in 1960. According to second-generation master teacher Jillian Hessel, Trier was "the first person to open a studio with Joe Pilates' blessing". Her assistants included Romana Kryzanowska and Kathy Grant. Trier later furthered her anatomical knowledge at New York City’s Lenox Hill Hospital, where she aided Dr. Henry Jordan with patient rehabilitation and research. Trier combined her medical and Pilates experiences to develop various exercises and stretching techniques for dancers, many of which are still in use.
In 1982, Trier authored a book for children entitled Exercise, What it is, What it Does, which introduced and emphasized the benefit and enjoyment of exercising both alone and with friends. Trier was an active teacher, lecturer, and practitioner until the late 1980s, serving as a coach for choreographer Gloria Contreras until 1985. She died in New York City on October 28, 2000, at the age of 89.
# Bateman Manuscript Project

The Bateman Manuscript Project was a major effort at collation and encyclopedic compilation of the mathematical theory of special functions. It resulted in the eventual publication of five important reference volumes, under the editorship of Arthur Erdélyi.

## Overview

The theory of special functions was a core activity of the field of applied mathematics, from the middle of the nineteenth century to the advent of high-speed electronic computing. The intricate properties of spherical harmonics, elliptic functions and other staples of problem-solving in mathematical physics, astronomy and right across the physical sciences, are not easy to document completely, absent a theory explaining the inter-relationships. Mathematical tables to perform actual calculations needed to mesh with an adequate theory of how functions could be transformed into those already tabulated.
Harry Bateman, a distinguished applied mathematician, undertook the somewhat quixotic task of trying to collate the content of the very large literature. On his death in 1946, his papers on this project were still in a uniformly rough state. The publication of the edited version provided special functions texts more up-to-date than, for example, the classic Whittaker & Watson.
The volumes were out of print for many years, and copyright in the works reverted to the California Institute of Technology, who renewed them in the early 1980s. In 2011, the California Institute of Technology gave permission for scans of the volumes to be made publicly available.
Other mathematicians involved in the project include Wilhelm Magnus, Fritz Oberhettinger [de] and Francesco Tricomi.

## Askey–Bateman project

In 2007, the Askey–Bateman project was announced by Mourad Ismail as a five- or six-volume encyclopedic book series on special functions, based on the works of Harry Bateman and Richard Askey.
Starting in 2020, Cambridge University Press began publishing volumes 1 and 2 of this Encyclopedia of Special Functions with series editors Mourad Ismail and Walter Van Assche [nl]:
* Volume 1: Univariate Orthogonal Polynomials (editor: Mourad Ismail)
* Volume 2: Multivariable Special Functions (editors: Tom H. Koornwinder, Jasper V. Stokman)
* Volume 3: Hypergeometric and Basic Hypergeometric Functions (editor: Mourad Ismail)
Further volumes were considered to include topics such as:
* Continued fractions, number theory, and elliptic and theta functions
* Equations of mathematical physics, including continuous and discrete Painlevé, Lamé and Heun equations
* Transforms and related topics
# Tanwoko

Tanwoko is a village in the Gaongo Department of Bazèga Province in central Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 708.
# System identyfikatorów i nazw miejscowości

System identyfikatorów i nazw miejscowości, ("System for IDs and names of places") or SIMC, is a Polish government scheme to create unique identifiers for places. It is part of the Krajowy Rejestr Urzędowego Podziału Terytorialnego Kraju (TERYT, or "National Register of Territorial Divisions of the Country"). The system is managed by the Główny Urząd Statystyczny ("Central Statistical Office").
SIMC is a registry of names of places and their constituent parts, including the following information:
* The official name of the village
* ID of the village
* the type locality
* parent village commune, district and province
* SIMC ID with check digit
SIMC IDs and place names are updated on a regular basis after changes of official names of places and changes in the basic territorial divisions of the state. SIMC IDs are unique and permanent.
# Motswedi

Motswedi is a Village in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality in the North West province of South Africa.
The village is 44 km north-west of Zeerust; the Riet River rises in the north of the village.
The first recorded mention of the settlement is around 1800, when it was occupied by the baKgatla ba ga Mmanaana, who abandoned the village in 1808 after being attacked by the baNgwaketse. It was then occupied by the baHurutshe, and became the headquarters of the independent baHurutshe boo Manyane in the 1880s. In the 1970s and 1980s Motswedi expanded, and a large dam and schools were established.
# Bob Grever

Bob Grever (1936 – August 23, 2016) was an American music executive who once owned San Antonio independent record label Cara Records. He became the "most powerful record company owner" in the state of Texas in the 1980s. Grever sold the record company and its roster of recordings as well as its Tejano music musicians to EMI Latin, spearheading the 1990s Tejano music golden age. His most notable artists include Emilio Navaira and Selena. Other musicians Grever signed were Joe Posada, David Lee Garza, Bobby Naranjo, Mazz, and La Mafia. Songwriter Luis Silva became head of promotions while working for Cara Records. Grever came from a musician family, his grandmother Maria Grever, became one of the most successful female composers. Music critic Ramiro Burr of the San Antonio Express-News called Grever "one of the two most important people in the Tejano music explosion of the 80's and 90's." After Grever sold Cara Records, he worked with the Backstreet Boys and NSYNC. He also became president of Zomba Group's Latin music division. Grever died on August 23, 2016, due to complications brought on by cancer on August 23, 2016; he was 79 years old. He was posthumously awarded at the 2016 Tejano Music Awards for Special Lifetime Achievement.
# Arizona elegans arenicola

Arizona elegans arenicola, commonly known as the Texas glossy snake, is a subspecies of nonvenomous colubrid snake endemic to North America.

## Geographic range

It is found in the Chihuahuan Desert region of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Its range overlaps that of other glossy snake subspecies, and interbreeding is likely. Thus, distinguishing subspecies which share range is often difficult.

## Description

The Texas glossy snake is typically a tan brown in color, with darker brown blotches down the length of the back. Each blotch is usually edged with black. Its underside is usually solid cream or white in color. Their coloration can vary, lighter or darker, depending on the soil and elevation of their localized habitat. They can grow from 20 to 35 inches (51 to 89 centimetres) in length. They have a thin body, smooth scales, and eyes with round pupils.
A. e. arenicola has 50 or fewer dorsal blotches. Females have 221 or more ventrals, and males have 212 or more ventrals. The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 29 or 31 rows at midbody.

## Habitat

Their preferred habitat is sandy and rocky semiarid regions, and it is often found in areas lightly vegetated with creosote and sagebrush.

## Diet

Their diet consists of lizards, and small rodents.

## Behavior

They are nocturnal, and can often be found foraging in roadside ditches in the late evening.

## Reproduction

Mating occurs in the spring, and the female lays a clutch of up to 24 eggs which hatch in the fall. Hatchlings are 9–11 inches (23–28 centimetres) in total length.
# Berthe Erza

Berthe Erza was a French soprano singer.

## Early life

Erza was born to French parents in Algiers. She studied voice in Italy and France. In 1920, she moved to the United States with her vocal coach, Isidore Braggiotti (father of dancer Francesca Braggiotti).

## Career

Erza was a featured singer with the Pasdeloup Orchestra in Paris conducted by Rhené-Baton, and spent three seasons with the Concerts Classiques of Monte Carlo. In 1921 she sang at a concert to benefit a French village, Misery-sur-Somme, after World War I. She made an "American debut" in July 1921, then her "formal debut" in America, at the Aeolian Hall in New York City in 1922, and had another New York concert billed as a "debut" in 1930, at the Biltmore Theatre. The New York Times called her "a well-schooled musician with a flair for the exotic" in 1931. She sang at Carnegie Hall later that year, sharing the stage with Hugh Ross and the chorus of the Schola Cantorum, Nelson Eddy, and others, for the American premiere of Karol Szymanowski's Stabat Mater.
She made at least two recordings for Victor in 1920. She taught vocal music in Brooklyn in the 1930s at the Chase School, on the same music faculty as composer Harrison Kerr.
# Tivela stultorum

Tivela stultorum, also known as the Pismo clam, is a species of large, edible, saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams. This species is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean. As the name implies, the Pismo clam lives in Pismo Beach, California. It has been found at least as far south as 300 miles (480 km) south of the US–Mexico border in Baja California on the Pacific Ocean side, where strong surf sometimes washes ashore live clams. The indigenous peoples of California used this species for food.
They are mainly filter feeders, and can attach to rock substrates. They are able to swim but poorly. They are a brownish- tan color so they blend in with their environment, like sand and rocks.
# Waterloo, Clarke County, Virginia

Waterloo is an unincorporated community in Clarke County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Waterloo is located at the crossroads of John Mosby Highway (U.S. Route 17/U.S. Route 50) and Lord Fairfax Highway (U.S. Route 340).
* This Clarke County, Virginia state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Sándorfalva

Sándorfalva is a town in Csongrád-Csanád County, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary.

## Geography

It covers an area of 55.77 km$^2$ (22 sq mi) and has a population of 7,918 people (2013 estimate).

## Population

| Year | 1980 | 1990 | 2001 | 2010 | 2011 | 2013 |
| Population | 6,399 (census) | 6,933 (census) | 7,803 (census) | 8,030 (estimate) | 7,871 (census) | 7,918 (estimate) |
# Bateman equation

In nuclear physics, the Bateman equation is a mathematical model describing abundances and activities in a decay chain as a function of time, based on the decay rates and initial abundances. The model was formulated by Ernest Rutherford in 1905 and the analytical solution was provided by Harry Bateman in 1910.
If, at time t, there are $N_{i}(t)$ atoms of isotope $i$ that decays into isotope $i+1$ at the rate $\lambda _{i}$, the amounts of isotopes in the k-step decay chain evolves as:
    ${\begin{aligned}{\frac {dN_{1}(t)}{dt}}&=-\lambda _{1}N_{1}(t)\\[3pt]{\frac {dN_{i}(t)}{dt}}&=-\lambda _{i}N_{i}(t)+\lambda _{i-1}N_{i-1}(t)\\[3pt]{\frac {dN_{k}(t)}{dt}}&=\lambda _{k-1}N_{k-1}(t)\end{aligned}}$
(this can be adapted to handle decay branches). While this can be solved explicitly for i = 2, the formulas quickly become cumbersome for longer chains. The Bateman equation is a classical master equation where the transition rates are only allowed from one species (i) to the next (i+1) but never in the reverse sense (i+1 to i is forbidden).
Bateman found a general explicit formula for the amounts by taking the Laplace transform of the variables.
       $N_{n}(t)=N_{1}(0)\times \left(\prod _{i=1}^{n-1}\lambda _{i}\right)\times \sum _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {e^{-\lambda _{i}t}}{\prod \limits _{j=1,j\neq i}^{n}\left(\lambda _{j}-\lambda _{i}\right)}}$
(it can also be expanded with source terms, if more atoms of isotope i are provided externally at a constant rate).
While the Bateman formula can be implemented in a computer code, if $\lambda _{j}\approx \lambda _{i}$ for some isotope pair, catastrophic cancellation can lead to computational errors. Therefore, other methods such as numerical integration or the matrix exponential method are also in use.
For example, for the simple case of a chain of three isotopes the corresponding Bateman equation reduces to
    ${\begin{aligned}&A\,{\xrightarrow {\lambda _{A}}}\,B\,{\xrightarrow {\lambda _{B}}}\,C\\[4pt]&N_{B}={\frac {\lambda _{A}}{\lambda _{B}-\lambda _{A}}}N_{A_{0}}\left(e^{-\lambda _{A}t}-e^{-\lambda _{B}t}\right)\end{aligned}}$
Which gives the following formula for activity of isotope $B$ (by substituting $A=\lambda N$)
    ${\begin{aligned}A_{B}={\frac {\lambda _{B}}{\lambda _{B}-\lambda _{A}}}A_{A_{0}}\left(e^{-\lambda _{A}t}-e^{-\lambda _{B}t}\right)\end{aligned}}$
# Old Colfeians

Old Colfeians Rugby Football Club is an English rugby union team based in Lee in south London, open to anyone interested in the game! The club runs three senior teams and a veterans side and a full range of junior and girls teams, each of which have their own name. The first XV plays in London 2 South East, having been relegated from London 1 South at the end of the 2017–18 season.

## History

Old Colfeians was formed in 1928 but the club traces its routes back to 1885 when a club for the former pupils of Colfe's School got together to play rugby. For the next 60 years, Old Colfeians mostly played non-competitive matches against local rugby clubs. This ended when league rugby began in 1987 when the club was originally placed in London 3 South East and were promoted to London 2 South in 1989 and then, two years later were promoted to London 1 as champions. In 2000 the club gained another promotion and moved into National League 3 South, the fourth tier of English rugby, and remained there for three seasons. The club was relegated in 2004 and again in 2009 and they currently play in the London 2 South East league.
Old Colfeians also played in the EDF National Trophy. However, in 2008 they were eliminated in the first round by the Tribute Western Counties West team, the Wadebridge Camels from Cornwall.
On Saturday, 22 April 2017, Old Colfeians beat Camberley 17–20 to gain promotion to London 1 South

## Clubhouse

Old Colfeians' ground contains a clubhouse with a war memorial with the names of former players and pupils of Colfe's School who had died in the First and Second World Wars inside it. The clubhouse is also used by Colfe's School as the location of their annual remembrance service.

## Club honours

* London Division 1 champions: 2000-01
* London 2 South champions: 1991-92
* London 2 South East champions: 2021-22
* London 3 South East champions: 1988–89
* Kent Cup winners (2): 1992, 1994
* Kent Shield winners: 2022
* Kent Plate winners: 1997
* London 2 (south-east v south-west) promotion playoff winners: 2016-17
# Syntretus elegans

Syntretus elegans is a species of parasitic wasps of adult bumblebees. It is found in Europe.
# Tissington Hall

Tissington Hall is an early 17th-century Jacobean mansion house in Tissington, near Ashbourne, Derbyshire. It is a Grade II* listed building.
The FitzHerberts, descended from the Norman family of Norbury Hall, acquired Tissington by the marriage of Nicholas FitzHerbert (the second son of John FitzHerbert of Somersal Herbert) to Ciceley Frauncis, heiress of Tissington, in 1465.
The old moated manor at Tissington was replaced with the new mansion in 1609 by Francis FitzHerbert and remains the home of the FitzHerbert family. The current occupant is Sir Richard FitzHerbert, 9th Baronet. Both Francis FitzHerbert and his son (Sir) John served as High Sheriff of Derbyshire, a post that circulated among the county families. Tissington Hall is often noted for being unusual for its more progressive design aspects. It is one of a small group of compact Derbyshire gentry houses in which a central hall runs through the house from front to back. the unusual, progressive character may be due to the influence of lodges (Nicholas Cooper counted some fifty emparked estates in Saxton's map of the shire, of 1570) and the grand example of a through-hall at Hardwick. Behind a two-storey enclosed entrance porch, the hall is entered at the centre of one end. On the left are two parlours separated by a stairhall, on the right a kitchen and buttery. Corner towers on the garden front, now linked by the additional upper floor above the gallery range, provide further rooms.
A rococo gothic fireplace in the house follows a published design by Batty Langley. The Hall is open to the public at specified times of the year and is available for commercial and private functions.
The Hall is Grade II* listed, the second-highest designation. The garden terraces and walls, stable block, staff quarters and outbuildings, and entrance gates are separately listed, all at Grade II.
* Tissington Hall
* Tissington Hall: the stable block is on the left
# Woomelang

Woomelang is a town in the Mallee region of Victoria, Australia. The town is in the Shire of Yarriambiack local government area and on the Sunraysia Highway, 359 kilometres (223 mi) north-west of the state capital, Melbourne, 183 kilometres (114 mi) south-east of Mildura and 154 kilometres (96 mi) north of Horsham. At the 2011 census, Woomelang and the surrounding area had a population of 191.
As with most towns in the Mallee region, the main industry is dryland agriculture and woolgrowing. The population has been slowly declining, from 290 at the 1981 census to 211 people in 2001, 195 in 2006, and 191 in 2011.
Woomelang Post Office opened on 10 August 1900.
Woomelang Magistrates' Court closed on 1 May 1981, having not been visited by a Magistrate since 1971.
An interesting attraction to the south of Woomelang is a shearing shed constructed during World War II. Due to wartime shortages, the shed is made of compacted kerosene tins.

## Sport

The Woomelang Football Club was founded around 1904 and initially played in the Woomelang District Football Association in 1911 and in 1912 and were undefeated premiers.
Woomelang FC were premiers of the North Western Football Association in 1921, 1922, 1926 and runners up in 1923.
Woomelang FC were runners up to Birchip in the North Central Football League in 1928 and 1929.
In 1934, Woomelang FC defeated Lascelles in the Mallee Football League preliminary final, but lost the 1934 grand final to Gorya and in 1935, Woomelang won the North Central Football League premiership.
In 1940 Woomelang defeated Hopetoun in the Southern Mallee Football League grand final.
Woomerlang FC merged with Lascelles FC in 1951 and competed in the Southern Mallee Football League from 1951 to 1996, winning six senior football premierships in - 1957, 1960, 1968, 1971, 1988 and 1993 and were runners in - 1959, 1963, 1972 and 1978.
With its neighbouring township Lascelles, Woomelang had a football team (Woomelang-Lascelles) competing in the Mallee Football League, from 1997, until the league folded at the end of the 2015 season, winning a senior football premiership in 2013.
Golfers play at the course of the Woomelang Golf Club on Sunraysia Highway.
# Benton's Row

Benton's Row is a 1954 historical novel by the American writer Frank Yerby. It was ranked tenth on the Publishers Weekly list of bestselling novels that year. It was one of several of his books set in nineteenth century Louisiana. It follows the progress of four generations of the Benton family culminating in World War 1.
# Tivela bicolor

Tivela bicolor is a species of saltwater clam belonging to the family Veneridae. It is a type of Bivalvia and is found in marine environments, belonging to the genus Tivela.
# Carmi

Carmi is a biblical name and may also refer to:
* Carmi (name), a surname and given name
* Carmi, Illinois, in White County, Illinois, United States
** Carmi-White County High School, a high school in Carmi
** Carmi Air Force Station, a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station
* Carmi, British Columbia, a locality in the South Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada
** Carmi Creek [sv], a tributary of the West Kettle River in British Columbia, Canada
** Carmi Mine, the namesake of the locality and creek, named after Carmi, Illinois
# Bateman Park

Bateman Park is a soccer stadium located in Abbotsford, British Columbia. It is the home venue for the University of the Fraser Valley soccer teams and the Fraser Valley Mariners.
# Vishnupada

Vishnupadas are songs in praise of Vishnu/God or of his popular avatars, Krishna/Rama.
# Vernon Thomas (disambiguation)

Vernon Thomas (born 1935) is an Anglo-Indian writer.
Vernon Thomas may also refer to:
* Vernon Thomas (artist) (1894–1962), American artist
* Vernon Thomas (wrestler) (1914–1957), New Zealand wrestler
# Solardome

Solardome Industries Limited (shortened to Solardome) is a UK manufacturer of glass geodesic domes.
The original greenhouse was an offshoot of the 1960s NATO developed early warning radar system. The Buckminster Fuller organisation designed and develop giant "golf ball" radar domes. In Europe, these were placed in Fylingdales, North Yorkshire.
These giant domes had to withstand extremes of wind and storm and yet remain unaffected. An ex German U-boat engineer, Hans Lemke, living in Hunmanby North Yorkshire was fascinated by these domes and thought, "If they can withstand these weather conditions then they would make an ideal domestic garden building, greenhouse or garden conservatory". He explored the Buckminster Fuller Geodesic domes and their principles and then designed and manufactured the first European domestic Geodesic dome, a 14' 6" Solardome.
The first glasshouse was produced in 1969 and production continues to this day, although not in Hunmanby.

## Media

In 2012 a Solardome glasshouse was included as part of a project to improve facilities at The Yard, as featured on the BBC One "Big Build Children in Need Special" programme.