OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rajko Pirnat

Rajko Pirnat (born March 24, 1951, in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia) is a Slovenian politician, lawyer and academic.
The breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1980s led to the creation of several new states, among them Slovenia. From May 16, 1990, to May 14, 1992, Pirnat was the Minister of Justice for Slovenia as a member of the Slovenian Democratic Union. In that role, he introduced a denationalization act to undo some of the damage caused by unjust post-war expropriations from 1945 to 1963. When his party split, he led the new center-right National Democratic Party, but it fared very poorly in the 1992 Slovenian presidential and parliamentary elections.
He is a law professor at the University of Ljubljana and a former dean of its faculty of law. On March 23, 2005, he was appointed to the Joint Supervisory Board of Eurojust as Slovenia's representative and served as its chair from January to June 2008; he was still a member as of 2013.
# Marfa

Marfa may refer to:

## Music

* Marfa (instrument), an African percussion instrument
* Marfa (music), celebratory music of the Hyderabadi Muslims

## Places

* Márfa, a village in Baranya county, Hungary
* Marfa, Chad
* Marfa, Texas, a city in the high desert of the Trans-Pecos in western Texas
* Marfa, Malta, a port near Ċirkewwa, Mellieħa in northern Malta

## Other uses

* Marfa (given name)
* CFR Marfă, a state-owned freight railway business of Romania
* Marfa, a sub-group of the Maba people of north-central Africa
** Marfa language, a Maban language spoken in Chad
* Marfa front, another term for a dry line
* Marfa lights, a possible paranormal phenomena frequently visible near Marfa, Texas
* At the Harvest (Marfa and Vanka) [fr; uk; ru], a painting by avant-garde artist Kazimir Malevich
# Accepted Frewen

Accepted Frewen (baptised 26 May 1588 – 28 March 1664) was a priest in the Church of England and Archbishop of York from 1660 to 1664.

## Life

Frewen was born at Northiam, in east Sussex, the son of John Frewen who was the rector there. The unusual forename is an example of the type of puritan name not uncommon in the area in the late sixteenth century; his brother was called Thankful Frewen. He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he became a Fellow in 1612. Anthony Wood describes him as being at that time "puritanically enclin'd". In 1617 and 1621 the college allowed him to act as chaplain to Sir John Digby, ambassador in Spain. In Madrid he preached a sermon that pleased Prince Charles, afterwards Charles I, who, on his accession, appointed him one of his chaplains.
In 1625 he became canon of Canterbury Cathedral and Vice-President of Magdalen College, and in the following year he was elected president. He was Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University in 1628 and 1629, and again in 1638 and 1639. In 1631 he was appointed (additionally) Dean of Gloucester. It was mainly by his instrumentality that the University plate was sent to the king at York in 1642.
Two years later (in 1644) he was consecrated Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, and resigned his presidency (and deanery). He was deprived of his See by Parliament on 9 October 1646, as episcopacy was abolished for the duration of the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. Parliament declared his estates forfeited for treason in 1652, and Cromwell afterwards set a price on his head. The proclamations, however, designated him Stephen Frewen, and he was consequently able to escape into France. At the Restoration in 1660, he was restored to the See of Lichfield and Coventry, reappeared in public, and later the same year was elected Archbishop of York; he took that see by the confirmation of his election on 4 October 1660. In 1661 he acted as chairman of the Savoy conference.
# André Goosse

André Goosse (16 April 1926, Liège – 4 August 2019) was a Belgian grammarian. The son-in-law of Maurice Grevisse, he took over editing and updating Grevisse's last book, Le Bon Usage. In 1988, he married the Belgian writer France Bastia. Professor at the Université Catholique de Louvain, he was also the president of the Conseil international de la langue française.
His earliest research was carried out on the work of the 14th century writer from Liège, Jean d'Outremeuse. His work, carried out under the direction of Omer Jodogne, turned into a thesis which he defended in 1959, which was published in 1965.
Notable among his publications is a work exposing and commenting on the Les rectifications de l'orthographe ("corrections to orthography"), which was a report published on 6 December 1990 in the Journal officiel de la République française. Goosse's book, trying to make the debate less personal, was titled La « nouvelle » orthographe, Exposé et commentaires, published by Ed.Duculot in 1991. ISBN 2-8011-0976-2. The topic, according to Goosse, was less of a "reform" than of "developments" aimed at eliminating certain "anomalies and absurdities" as well as "contradictions existing among dictionaries".
Also noteworthy is Une langue, une communauté. Le français en Belgique, published in 1997 with Daniel Blampain, Jean-Marie Klinkenberg, Marc Wilmet ("One language, one community. French in Belgium").
In November 2007, Goosse was the editor, at De Boeck, of the 14th edition of Le Bon Usage. This edition was a complete rewrite. "This time", he told Belgian newspaper Le Soir, "it's like 2,000 pieces of a puzzle have been thrown into the air. Then, we had to rebuild."
André Goosse was the secretary of the Académie de Langue et de Littérature françaises de Belgique (Royal Academy of French Language and Literature in Belgium) from 1996 until 2001.
Goosse died on 4 August 2019, at the age of 93.
# Abu Sudayrah

Abu Sudayrah is a settlement in Qatar, located in the municipality of Ad Dawhah. It is located 3 miles from Doha International Airport.
Nearby towns and villages include As Sadd (0.5 nm), Al Bida` al Gharbiyah (0.8 nm), `Abd al `Aziz (0.7 nm). Al Jabar (0.7 nm) and Al Muntazah (0.9 nm).
# Achaea (disambiguation)

Achaea is a subdivision of Greece.
Achaea or Achaia may also refer to:

## History

* Achaeans (Homer), a collective name for the Greeks of the Mycenaean period used by Homer
* Achaeans (tribe), one of the four major tribes of Classical Greece
* Achaea (ancient region), an ancient Greek region in the north of the Peloponnese
* Achaea Phthiotis, an ancient Greek region in southeastern Thessaly
* Achaean League, a league of North Peloponnesian cities during the Hellenistic period
* Achaean War, in 146 BC
* Achaea (Roman province), comprising Peloponnese and central Greece
* Principality of Achaea, a medieval crusader state in the Peloponesse
* Achaea (constituency), a constituency of the Greek Parliament

## Other uses

* Achaea, or Demeter Achaea, an epithet of the goddess Demeter
* Achaea, or Minerva Achaea, an epithet of the goddess Minerva
* Achaea, Dreams of Divine Lands, a multi-player online computer game
* Achaea (moth), a genus of noctuid moths
* 1150 Achaia, asteroid
* Achaia Channel, a Greek local TV station
* Achaia Clauss, a Greek winery
* Achaja, a Polish fantasy series of novels (published 2002–2004)
* Achaia, the main alien race in Another Life (2019 TV series)
# Achaea argilla

Achaea argilla, the plain looper, is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1901. It is found in the northern half of Australia, especially in drier inland locations.
The wingspan is about 50 mm.
The larvae feed on Breynia oblongifolia and Euphorbia species.
Pupation takes place in a cocoon.
# Yongning, Beijing

Yongning Town (simplified Chinese: 永宁镇; traditional Chinese: 永寧鎮; pinyin: Yǒngníng Zhèn) is a town in the Yanqing District of Beijing. It is a small town in rural Beijing but has a long history as an economic and military center. A government initiative in the 2000s to rehabilitate the town has restored its architectural landmarks. It is located to the south of Xiangying and Liubinbao Townships, west of Sihai and Jiuduhe Towns, north of Dazhuangke Township and Jingzhuang Town, and east of Shenjiaying and Jiuxian Towns. As of 2020, it had 23,483 residents under its administration.
The region was named Yongning in 1414 with the meaning of "Eternal Peace".

## Geography

Yongning Town is on the eastern part of Yanhuai Basin, with Xinhuaying River flowing pass the western portion of the town.

## History

During the Ming dynasty it was an important military town, serving as the eastern command of the Xuanfu garrison area. There were 8,000 troops under the jurisdiction of Yongning town during that period. However, by the late Qing dynasty the town declined in importance. By the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976, the cultural relics of the town's past were gone.

## Administrative Divisions

So far in 2021, Yongning Town is formed from 37 subdivisions, with 1 community and 36 villages. They are listed as follows:
| Subdivision Names | Name Transliterations | Type |
| 永宁镇 | Yongningzhen | Community |
| 河湾 | Hewan | Village |
| 北沟 | Beigou | Village |
| 清泉铺 | Qingquanpu | Village |
| 罗家台 | Luojiatai | Village |
| 王家堡 | Wangjiapu | Village |
| 水口子 | Shuikouzi | Village |
| 偏坡峪 | Pianpoyu | Village |
| 二铺 | Erpu | Village |
| 营城 | Yingcheng | Village |
| 马蹄湾 | Matiwan | Village |
| 西山沟 | Xishangou | Village |
| 永新堡 | Yongxinpu | Village |
| 狮子营 | Shiziying | Village |
| 上磨 | Shangmo | Village |
| 吴坊营 | Wufangying | Village |
| 小庄科 | Xiaozhuangke | Village |
| 前平坊 | Qianpingfang | Village |
| 孔化营 | Konghuaying | Village |
| 新华营 | Xinhuaying | Village |
| 左所屯 | Zuosuotun | Village |
| 北关 | Beiguan | Village |
| 西关 | Xiguan | Village |
| 小南园 | Xiaonanyuan | Village |
| 盛世营 | Shengshiying | Village |
| 南关 | Nanguan | Village |
| 太平街 | Taipingjie | Village |
| 利民街 | Liminjie | Village |
| 和平街 | Hepingjie | Village |
| 阜民街 | Fuminjie | Village |
| 王家山 | Wangjiashan | Village |
| 南张庄 | Nanzhangzhuang | Village |
| 东灰岭 | Dong Huiling | Village |
| 彭家窑 | Pengjiayao | Village |
| 西灰岭 | Xi Huiling | Village |
| 头司 | Tousi | Village |
| 四司 | Sisi | Village |

## Culture and tourism

The town has benefited from a government initiative in the 2000s to restore some of the glory of its condition during its Ming dynasty height. At the center of the town square is a tower. Yongning Catholic Church, a church tracing back to the Qing dynasty, stands today as a curious Gothic Revival architecture in contrast to the appearance of the rest of the town.

## Gallery

* Portion of the Great Wall on the southeast of the town, 2012
* Yongning Town, 2014
# Acentric factor

The acentric factor ω is a conceptual number introduced by Kenneth Pitzer in 1955, proven to be useful in the description of fluids. It has become a standard for the phase characterization of single and pure components, along with other state description parameters such as molecular weight, critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical volume (or critical compressibility). The acentric factor is also said to be a measure of the non-sphericity (centricity) of molecules.
Pitzer defined ω from the relationship
    $\omega =-\log _{10}(p_{\text{r}}^{\text{sat}})-1{\text{ at }}T_{\text{r}}=0.7,$
where $p_{\text{r}}^{\text{sat}}=p^{\text{sat}}/p_{c}$ is the reduced saturation vapor pressure, and $T_{\text{r}}=T/T_{c}$ is the reduced temperature.
Pitzer developed this factor by studying the vapor-pressure curves of various pure substances. Thermodynamically, the vapor-pressure curve for pure components can be mathematically described using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation.
The integrated form of equation is mainly used for obtaining vapor-pressure data mathematically. This integrated version shows that the relationship between the logarithm of vapor pressure and the reciprocal of absolute temperature is approximately linear.
For a series of fluids, as the acentric factor increases the vapor curve is "pulled" down, resulting in higher boiling points. For many monatomic fluids, $p_{\text{r}}^{\text{sat}}\approx 0.1$ at $T_{\text{r}}=0.7,$ which leads to $\omega \to 0$. In many cases, $T_{\text{r}}=0.7$ lies above the boiling temperature of liquids at atmosphere pressure.
Values of ω can be determined for any fluid from accurate experimental vapor-pressure data. The definition of ω gives values close to zero for the noble gases argon, krypton, and xenon. $\omega$ is also very close to zero for molecules which are nearly spherical. Values of ω ≤ −1 correspond to vapor pressures above the critical pressure and are non-physical.
The acentric factor can be predicted analytically from some equations of state. For example, it can be easily shown from the above definition that a van der Waals fluid has an acentric factor of about −0.302024, which if applied to a real system would indicate a small, ultra-spherical molecule.

## Values of some common gases

| Molecule | Acentric factor |
| Acetone | −0.304 |
| Acetylene | −0.187 |
| Ammonia | −0.253 |
| Argon | −0.000 |
| Carbon dioxide | −0.228 |
| Decane | −0.484 |
| Ethanol | −0.644 |
| Helium | −0.390 |
| Hydrogen | −0.220 |
| Krypton | −0.000 |
| Methanol | −0.556 |
| Neon | −0.000 |
| Nitrogen | −0.040 |
| Nitrous oxide | −0.142 |
| Oxygen | −0.022 |
| Xenon | −0.000 |
# Acentrogobius viridipunctatus

Acentrogobius viridipunctatus, or the spotted green goby, is a species of goby found in brackish and salt water in the lower Chao Phraya River. It is the type species of the genus Acentrogobius.
# Acentrogobius

Acentrogobius is a genus of gobies native to marine, fresh and brackish waters of the coasts of the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Acentrogobius matsya is an otolith-based fossil species found in the Burdigalian (Miocene) Quilon Formation of southwestern India.

## Species

There are currently 27 recognized species in this genus:
* Acentrogobius andhraensis (Herre, 1944)
* Acentrogobius audax Smith, 1959
* Acentrogobius brevirostris (Günther, 1861)
* Acentrogobius caninus Valenciennes, 1837 (Tropical sand goby)
* Acentrogobius cenderawasih G. R. Allen & Erdmann, 2012 (Cenderawasih goby)
* Acentrogobius chlorostigmatoides Bleeker, 1849 (Greenspot goby)
* Acentrogobius cyanomos Bleeker, 1849
* Acentrogobius dayi Koumans, 1941 (Day's goby)
* Acentrogobius ennorensis Menon & Rema Devi, 1980
* Acentrogobius griseus F. Day, 1876 (Grey goby)
* Acentrogobius janthinopterus Bleeker, 1853 (Robust mangrove goby)
* Acentrogobius limarius G. R. Allen, Erdmann & Hadiaty, 2015 (Batanta mud goby)
* Acentrogobius masoni F. Day, 1873
* Acentrogobius moloanus Herre, 1927 (Barcheek amoya)
* Acentrogobius nebulosus Forsskål, 1775 (Shadow goby)
* Acentrogobius pellidebilis Y. J. Lee & I. S. Kim, 1992
* Acentrogobius pflaumii Bleeker, 1853 (Striped sandgoby)
* Acentrogobius quinquemaculatus Allen, 2017
* Acentrogobius simplex Sauvage, 1880 (Bagamoyo goby)
* Acentrogobius suluensis Herre, 1927 (Sulu goby)
* Acentrogobius therezieni Kiener, 1963
* Acentrogobius vanderloosi G. R. Allen, 2015 (Mudslope goby)
* Acentrogobius viganensis Steindachner, 1893
* Acentrogobius violarisi G. R. Allen, 2015 (Alotau goby)
* Acentrogobius virgatulus (Jordan & Snyder, 1901)
* Acentrogobius viridipunctatus Valenciennes, 1837 (Spotted green goby)
* Acentrogobius matsya Carolin, Bajpai, Maurya & Schwarzhans, 2022 (otolith-based fossil species)
# Acentrogobius caninus

Acentrogobius caninus, also known as the tropical sand goby or green-shouldered goby, is an amphidromous benthopelagic species of fish in the family Gobiidae.

## Appearance

It is endemic throughout the Indo-West Pacific and found in marine, fresh, and brackish water. It is recognisable by its grey body with brown markings across its body, as well as the distinct dark green spot above its pectoral fins.
# Kuntur Wachana

Kuntur Wachana or Kuntur Wachanan (Quechua kuntur condor, wacha birth, to give birth, -na a suffix, 'where the condor is born', -n a suffix, also spelled Condor Huachana, Cóndorhuachana, Condor Wachana; Condorhuachanan, Cóndorhuachanan) may refer to:
* Kuntur Wachana (Bolivia), a mountain in Bolivia
* Kuntur Wachana (Cusco), a mountain in the Cusco Region, Peru
* Kuntur Wachana (film), a Peruvian docudrama
* Kuntur Wachanan, a mountain in the Huánuco Region, Peru
* Kuntur Wachanan (Lima), a mountain in the Lima Region, Peru
# Angel gilding

Angel gilding is gilding glass or gold plating by electroless chemical deposition.
Gold chloride is dissolved in water, mixed with other chemicals and poured on clean glass that has been treated with stannous chloride. The gold layer is delicate and usually translucent. To make an opaque, affordable and adherent mirror, a layer of silver is deposited over the gold. Glass gilders use the term angel gilding to distinguish the chemical process from gold leaf gilding also known as verre églomisé.

## History

Justus von Liebig, widely credited with inventing the modern process for silvering glass, also worked on gilding glass with gold chloride. James Pratt, a British glass worker, was the first to realize that he could make affordable gold mirrors by depositing a layer of silver on top of the gold. He was granted a British patent in 1885. Gold mirrors and gold mirrored signs were very popular in English public houses (pubs) in the late Victorian era and many wonderful examples of the art can be found all over Britain today. Felix Andres, a sign painter in San Francisco, introduced a process for spray gilding glass in 1923, but the fashion for elaborate detail in signs was changing to the modern neon style and his business was not successful.

### Stained glass in Chicago

Angel gilding was widely used by Chicago's stained glass studios in the 1920s and 30s to make a distinctive style of stained glass for Chicago's historic bungalows. These Prairie Style windows have a clear glass background with the designs picked out in opalescent glass and double-sided gold mirror. To make the double-sided gold mirror the studios angel gilded large sheets of thin (1.6 mm, or 0.06 inch) glass. A worker would cut two copies of the desired shape from the glass and place the pieces back to back in a single came. Because the pieces are gold on both sides, they catch and reflect the light whether the window is viewed from inside the house or from the street. Frank Lloyd Wright used double-sided angel gilded glass in many of his windows, including the now demolished Imperial Hotel in Tokyo.

### Today

Today angel gilding is used to gild inside blown glass sculptures, repair Chicago's stained glass bungalow windows, create new glass signs and replicate and repair Victorian glass signs.
# Krnica, Gorje

Krnica (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Gorje in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Geography

The Pokljuka Gorge begins at Krnica.

## History

Krnica included the hamlet of Zatrnik until 2020, when it became a separate settlement.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Krnica include:
* Tone Polda (1917–1945), writer and poet
# Yotsuba

Yotsuba may refer to:
* Yotsuba&!, a Japanese manga by Kiyohiko Azuma
* Yotsuba Koiwai, the title character from Yotsuba&!
* Yotsuba, a character from the manga and anime Sister Princess
* Yotsuba Nakano, a character from the manga and anime The Quintessential Quintuplets
* Yotsuba Group, the name of a group in the Japanese manga and anime Death Note
# Puff model

The Puff model is a volcanic ash tracking model developed at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. It requires windfield data on a geographic grid covering the area over which ash may be dispersed. Representative ash particles are initiated at the volcano's location and then allowed to advect, diffuse, and settle within the atmosphere. The location of the particles at any time after the eruption can be viewed using the post-processing software included with the model. Output data is in netCDF format and can also be viewed with a variety of software.

## History

Puff was initially conceived and developed by Prof. H. Tanaka as a novel method for simulating ash cloud trajectories during the eruption of Mt. Redoubt, 1989. Dr. Craig Searcy rewrote and modified the Puff code in C++, and created the initial GUI so the program could be used operationally for volcano monitoring in the early and mid-1990s. His version of the program is running at the National Weather Service (NWS), Anchorage, Alaska, although updated versions of Puff are also available at the NWS.
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) provided support for Puff through a post doctorate position (Drs. Mark Servilla and Jon Dehn) during the late 1990s to support analysis of volcanic clouds during eruptions.
In a joint program called University Partnering for Operational Support (UPOS) between the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (early 2000s), Puff was integrated into the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) volcano monitoring system by Rorik Peterson and David Tillman. UPOS support resulted in the testing of the sensitivity of Puff and the development of WebPuff, and new modules including the capability to model stratospheric eruptions, non-point source events (e.g. fires) and tracking of volcanic clouds from multiple eruptions simultaneously by Dr. Rorik Peterson. The utility of the multiple eruption capability became evident during the 13 January 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano where the movement of six volcanic clouds across the Gulf of Alaska were tracked simultaneously.
Starting in 2006, the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) provided support for Puff through a Post Doctorate position occupied by Dr. Peter Webley. Puff is now in use at AVO, Anchorage Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), AFWA, and other national agencies worldwide as well as at other universities. Professor Ken Dean has been the principal scientist leading the development of Puff since Professor Tanaka returned to Japan in the early 1990s.
# John Van Arsdale

John Jacob Van Arsdale (1756 – 1836) was an American Revolutionary War soldier, noted for his legendary participation in the Evacuation Day flag-raising in 1783. From Cornwall, New York, he participated in Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec and the unsuccessful Battle of Quebec in 1775. He was later captured in the defensive Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery in 1777 and was detained by the British for nine and one-half months, including two months in the sugar house prisons, before being released in a prisoner exchange.
On November 25, 1783, later known as Evacuation Day, he is said to have gamely climbed a greasy flagpole left by the British at Fort George as they departed the city, to remove their standard and replace it with the American flag. The flag-raising story only appears after the fact though, and many accounts that include a climber describe a man a decade younger than Van Arsdale actually was at that point. He and his descendants, such as John Lafayette Riker, are associated with later annual commemorations.
# La Salle College (disambiguation)

La Salle College is a boys' secondary school in Hong Kong.
La Salle College or LaSalle College may also refer to:
* La Salle College (Buenos Aires), Argentina
* La Salle College, Perth, Australia
* La Salle College of Lucas do Rio Verde, Brazil
* LaSalle College Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
* LaSalle College, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
* La Salle College–Victorias, Philippines
* La Salle College Antipolo, Philippines
* LASALLE College of the Arts, Singapore
* La Salle College Preparatory, Pasadena, California, US
* La Salle College High School, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, US