OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rational depression

Rational depression is reason-guided psychological depression. It can arise from adverse life circumstances. Such depression may not be responsive to traditional depression therapies.

## Recognition

Traditionally, cognitive therapists have asserted that there is no such thing as a rational depression since, while sadness can be a natural response to loss or disappointment, depression results from distorted thoughts. Christian leaders (such as John Cassian, Isidore of Seville, Bede) recognized the distinction between “irrational” depression (which emerged frequently without any antecedent stressor and was therefore seemingly from God) and “rational” depression.

## Research

Research indicates that although disability is associated with particular socially mediated stressors, there is no theoretical or empirical evidence to indicate that depression and its role in the right to die is dynamically different, more natural, or more reasonable for disabled people than for non-disabled people. Rational depression sometimes leads to rational suicide.
# Sean Keenan

Sean Keenan may refer to:
* Sean Keenan (actor) (born 1993), Australian actor
* Sean Keenan (American football) (born 1977), American football player
* Seán Keenan (died 1993), Irish republican from Derry, Northern Ireland
# Rihyon Airport

Rihyon Airport (a.k.a. Ihyon Airport) is an airport used for military purposes in Ryulla-ri,Sinwon County, Hwanghae-namdo, North Korea.

## Facilities

The airfield has a single grass runway 09/27 measuring 3530 x 262 feet (1076 x 80 m). It is sited in a river valley.
# Nikolayevka

Nikolayevka may refer to:
* Amrakits or Nikolayevka, Armenia
* Jraber or Nikolayevka, Armenia
* Dzerjinovka or Nikolayevka, Azerbaijan
* Nikolaevka, Bulgaria, a village in Suvorovo Municipality, Bulgaria
* Nikolayevka, Russia, name of several inhabited localities in Russia
* Mykolaivka, name similar in meaning of several populated places in Ukraine
# Reinsdorf, Saxony

Reinsdorf is a municipality in the district Zwickau, in Saxony, Germany.
# Parastrongylaspis

Parastrongylaspis is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Parastrongylaspis linsleyi Giesbert, 1987
* Parastrongylaspis thomasi Giesbert, 1992
# Timothy Njoya

Timothy Njoya (born 7 April 1941 in Nyeri District) is a theologian, human rights activist and a retired Presbyterian Church of East Africa Minister. Njoya holds Master's and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees from Princeton University. He was ordained as a minister on 20 March 1967 and has served in different parishes including Chuka, Tumutumu, Mathari, St. Andrews, Dagoretti and Kinoo before his retirement in 2011. In 2017 he published his memoirs titled We the People: Thinking Heavenly, Acting Kenyanly.

## Political activism

Rev. Njoya is popularly known for being one of the church leaders who publicly spoke and protested against the autocracy and brutality of the then President Daniel arap Moi in the 1980s and 90s. In his sermons, he advocated for political and social justice reforms in Kenya. In particular, he called for the re-introduction of multiparty democracy and strongly defended the freedom of expression and association as enshrined in the constitution. He was arrested on several occasions as a result of his activism.
Njoya's use of church pulpit as a platform for political activism did not go well with the church leadership that at the time advocated for political neutrality. Njoya condemned the church for remaining silent despite widespread injustices perpetrated by the government. This condemnation saw him subjected to the church disciplinary process before he was transferred from St. Andrews PCEA church in Nairobi to Nyeri in 1987. He nevertheless continued with his activism once he was restored to his position but with more support from the masses that had become more enlightened to the ideas of democracy.
Njoya was one of the leaders of Saba Saba multiparty demonstrations on 7 July 1990 that forced the repressive Moi regime to allow the re-introduction of multi-party state. The demonstrations left eight people dead and many others injured and detained. Njoya was badly beaten by the police.

## Book title

In August 2017, Rev Njoya announced that he was launching a book he had finished writing titled "The Divinity of Clitoris". A section of Kenyans found this book controversial considering the fact that Njoya had served as a minister in one of the most conservative denominations in Kenya.

## Personal life

Rev. Njoya is married to Leah Wambui Njau and they have five children.
# A Truly Western Experience

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
A Truly Western Experience is the debut album by k.d. lang and the Reclines, released in 1984.
The album was re-released in February 2010, with bonus tracks and a DVD with rare videos.

## Track listing

* "Bopalena" (Webb Pierce, Mel Tillis) – 2:30
* "Pine and Stew" (lang) – 3:25
* "Up to Me" (Stewart MacDougall) – 3:06
* "Tickled Pink" (Dave Bjarnason, lang, Stewart MacDougall, Gordie Matthews, Farley Scott) – 3:22
* "Hanky Panky" (Dave Bjarnason, lang, Stewart MacDougall, Gordie Matthews, Farley Scott) – 1:59
* "There You Go" (Durwood Haddock, Eddie Miller, W.S. Stevenson) – 2:23
* "Busy Being Blue" (Stewart MacDougall) – 4:00
* "Stop, Look and Listen" (George London, W.S. Stevenson) – 2:13
* "Hooked on Junk" (Edward Elgar) – 3:35

## Personnel

* k.d. lang – acoustic guitar, vocals, cover design
* Dave Bjarnason – drums
* Jamie Kidd – organ
* Gary Koliger – steel guitar
* Stewart MacDougall – piano, vocals
* Gordie Matthews – guitar, slide guitar
* Farley Scott – bass
* Michael Shellard, Ian Oscar – backing vocals

## Production

* Producers: k.d. lang, Gaye Delorme, Jamie Kidd
* Engineer: Jamie Kidd
* Cover design: k.d. lang

## Sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada | — | 35,000 |
# Argus As 8

The Argus As 8 was a four-cylinder, air-cooled, inverted inline aircraft engine produced in Germany by Argus Motoren in the 1930s.

## Variants
### As 8A

    Initial production version 71 kW (95 hp) maximum for 5 minutes, 60 kW (80 hp) continuous.

### As 8B

    A more powerful variant developing 101 kW (135 hp) maximum for 5 minutes, 86 kW (115 hp) continuous.

### As 8R

    A variant produced for sport aircraft, particularly for competition use, developing 110 kW (150 hp) for take-off. Featuring:
   * Increased compression ratio, from 5.36 to 5.8
   * Improved cooling by increasing the numbers of cooling fins at the cylinder head and the cylinder body
   * Increasing the heat dispersing area of the pistons
   * Improved crankcase and oil cooling
   * Improved cylinder charging
   * Modified valve timing

## Applications

* Albatros L 100
* Albatros Al 101
* Arado L II (As 8A)
* Arado L IIa (As 8R)
* Baumgärtl Heliofly III
* BFW M.23
* BFW M.27
* BFW M.29
* BFW M.35
* Blohm & Voss Ha 136
* Comte AC-12 Moskito
* Darmstadt D-22
* DFS 40
* Focke-Wulf Fw 44
* Heinkel He 64
* Heinkel He 72
* Klemm L 25E
* Klemm Kl 32
* Raab-Katzenstein RK.25/32
* Ruhrtaler Ru.3

## Specifications (As 8B)

Data from Flugzeug-Typenbuch. Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt- und Zubehör-Industrie 1944, Argus AS-8R

### General characteristics

* Type: 4-cylinder inverted air-cooled in-line piston engine
* Bore: 120 mm (4.72 in)
* Stroke: 140 mm (5.51 in)
* Displacement: 6.332 L (386.40 cu in)
* Length: 1,075 mm (42.3 in) without airscrew hub
* Width: 470 mm (18.5 in)
* Height: 731 mm (28.8 in)
* Dry weight: 116 kg (256 lb) dry
             128.4 kg (283 lb) equipped

### Components

* Valvetrain: Overhead valves operated by pushrods and rockers
* Fuel system: One down-draught carburretor
* Fuel type: 80 Octane Aviation gasoline
* Oil system: Pressure feed at 3–6 bar (44–87 psi)
* Cooling system: Air-cooled

### Performance

* Power output:
   * 135 PS (133 hp; 99 kW) at 2,200 rpm (5 minutes) at sea level
   * 125 PS (123 hp; 92 kW) at 2,150 rpm (30 minutes) at sea level
   * 115 PS (113 hp; 85 kW) at 2,090 rpm (max continuous) at sea level
* Specific power: 21.3 PS/L (0.344 hp/cu in; 15.7 kW/L)
* Compression ratio: 5.35:1
* Specific fuel consumption:
   * 0.235 kg/PSh (0.53 lb/(hp⋅h); 0.320 kg/kWh) at maximum rpm
   * 0.230 kg/PSh (0.51 lb/(hp⋅h); 0.313 kg/kWh) at maximum continuous rpm
* Oil consumption: 0.008 kg/PSh (0.018 lb/(hp⋅h); 0.011 kg/kWh) at maximum continuous rpm
* Power-to-weight ratio: 1.149 PS/kg (0.514 hp/lb; 0.845 kW/kg)
* B.M.E.P.: 7.7 atm (7.8 bar; 113 psi)
# Lesna

Lesna may refer to places:
* Leśna, a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Lešná, a municipality and village in the Zlín Region, Czech Republic
* Leśna, Kłodzko County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Leśna, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Leśna, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Leśna, Żywiec County in Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Leśna, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Lesná (disambiguation), several villages in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
* Leśna, Polish name of Lyasnaya, Brest Region, town in Belarus
# Kenny McKay

Kenneth McKay (circa 1876 – unknown) was a Scottish association footballer who played as a forward.
Born in Wishaw, McKay started his footballing career with Hamilton Academical before moving south to play for Sheffield United. In the 1897–98 season McKay was a member of the Sheffield side which won the 1897–98 First Division. McKay spent a single season with Tottenham Hotspur making his debut on 3 September 1898 in a 3–0 home win against Thames Ironworks at Northumberland Park. The next season, he moved to Thames Ironworks, his first goals coming on 18 September 1899 in a 4–0 home win against Chatham. The following season, he returned to Scotland, playing a single season with Wishaw United. 1901 saw him on the move again; this time back to London to play for Fulham for the 1901–02 season. In the 1902–03 season McKay was a member of the Fulham side which won the 1902–03 Southern League Second Division.
# Sean Keane

Seán Keane may refer to:
* Seán Keane (fiddler) (1946–2023), fiddle player of The Chieftains
* Seán Keane (singer) (born 1961), Irish folk singer; brother of singer Dolores Keane
* Seán Keane (Irish politician) (1899–1953), Irish Labour Party politician represented Cork East
# Ambaji Shinde

Ambaji Venkatesh Shinde (22 December 1917 – 8 April 2003) was a prominent jewelry designer in New York.
The book "Harry Winston The Ultimate Jeweler" published in 1984 acknowledges Ambaji Venkatesh Shinde as "one of the most talented designers in the world today." A number of his jewelry designs appear in this book.

## Early life

A.V.Shinde was born in 1917 in Mapusa, Goa, a Portuguese colony in India, in a Bombay Presidency-origin family that had immigrated illegally to Goa from British India. He was drawn towards decorative arts at an early age painting backdrops and costume jewelry for the local Hindu temple religious functions.

## Career

Shinde came to Mumbai in 1934 to attend the J. J. School of Art. In his talk with Dona Dirlam of the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) he said that the formal study in textile design influenced his later work. He had to seek work when his father died in 1937. His first job was at Narottamdas Jhaveri where he designed ornate silverware, trophies and jewelry. He was hired by Nanubhai Jhaveri in 1941 where he worked for nearly 20 years designing jewelry for the Maharajas.
He followed the rich Indian tradition in his designs. He had a small picture of the Flying Apsara from Ajanta cave number 17 in his office. The design criteria changed when the Maharajas started to go abroad and desired western style jewelry.
Harry Winston met him in 1955 and recognized a kindred soul and eventually hired him in 1962. He soon developed a gemstone driven style transforming fine jewelry into fine art. Harry Winston invented flexible, three-dimensional, near invisible mountings which freed the stones from heavy metal surrounds.
After four decades of working in New York City, Shinde retired in December 2001 but continued to paint from home. He donated a number of designs to the GIA for a permanent display. Thousands of his designs remain in the Harry Winston archives and "provides a creative spark to ignite new interpretations of Harry Winston jewels for the next generations".

## Personal life

Shinde married Anu in 1940. They had six sons and 10 grandchildren. He had a large circle of close friends, loved Indian classical music and spicy food.
He died on 8 April 2003 of pneumonia which he contracted in a Manhattan hospital.
A Shinde painting of a necklace illustrates his mastery of the art of jewelry designing.
# Radhika Nair

Radhika Nair may refer to:
* Radhika Nair (model) (born 1991), Indian fashion model
* Radhika Nair (researcher), Indian biological researcher
* Radhika (Malayalam actress) (born 1984), Malayalam film actress
# Relative valuation

Relative valuation also called valuation using multiples is the notion of comparing the price of an asset to the market value of similar assets. In the field of securities investment, the idea has led to important practical tools, which could presumably spot pricing anomalies. These tools have subsequently become instrumental in enabling analysts and investors to make vital decisions on asset allocation.

## Equities

In equities, the concept separates into two areas—one pertaining to individual equities and the other to indices.

### Individual equities

The most common method for individual equities is based on comparing certain financial ratios or multiples, such as the price to book value, price to earnings, EV/EBITDA, etc., of the equity in question to those of its peers. This type of approach, which is popular as a strategic tool in the financial industry, is mainly statistical and based on historical data.

### Equity indexes

For an equity index the above fails mainly because it is difficult to group indices into peer groups. Consequently, relative valuation here is generally carried out by comparing a national or industry stock index’s performance to the economic and market fundamentals of the related industry or country.
Those fundamentals may include GDP growth, interest rate and inflation forecasts, as well as earnings growth, among others. This style of comparison is popular among practising economists in their attempt to rationalise the connections between the equity markets and the economy.
National equity index are not fully relevant in this respect due to the proportion of multinational companies listed in most national stock markets.

## Bonds

In valuing a bond, the bond in question will be priced relative to a benchmark, usually a Government bond. Here, the "required return" - technically the yield to maturity or YTM - on the bond is determined based on the bond's Credit rating relative to a government security with similar maturity. The better the quality of the bond, the smaller the spread between its YTM and the YTM of the benchmark. See Bond valuation# Relative price approach.
# Runarsko

Runarsko (pronounced) is a small village east of Nova Vas in the Municipality of Bloke in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Name

Runarsko was attested in historical sources as Wurnarisk and Runarisk in 1436, and as Runersko in 1505, among other spellings.

## Church

The local church in the settlement is dedicated to the Nativity of Mary and belongs to the Parish of Bloke.
# Someone to Dance With

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Hot Press | |
Someone To Dance With is the second solo album by Irish musician Sonny Condell. It was released in 1994 by STARC.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Sonny Condell. All arrangements by Máire Breatnach and Sonny Condell

## Personnel

* Sonny Condell – guitars, vocals, backing vocals on tracks 4, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12, synthesizer on tracks 1, 2, 6 and 13, saxophone Casio Digital and piano Yamaha on "Someone to Dance With", percussion on "Guilty" and "Dream Sequence", mixing
* Máire Breatnach – additional vocals on "Almond Skin" and "Downrunning", backing vocals on tracks 2, 3, 7 and 13, viola on "Almond Skin" and "Forever Frozen", synthesizer on "Ocean Floor" and "Old Kowloon", spoons on "Someone To Dance With", strings on tracks 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, piano on "Groundown", mixing
* Robbie Casserly – drums, percussion, guitar on "Pink Promenade"
* Paul Moore – bass guitar, double bass on "Street Sweeper"
* Cormac Breatnach – tin whistle on tracks 3, 7, 9, 12 and 13
* Greg Boland – guitars on "Old Poet"
* Philip King – harmonica on tracks 7, 8 and 11
* Robbie Overson – guitars on "Forever Frozen"
* John Whelan – guitars on "Ocean Floor" and "Groundown"
* Máire Brennan – additional vocals on tracks 1,6 and 12
* Alan Connaughton – engineering, mixing
* Brian Narty – engineering
* Ciarán Byrne – engineering

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| Ireland | 22 November 1994 (1994-11-22) | STARC | CD | SCD 295 |
| Ireland | November 1994 (1994-11) | STARC | Stereo compact cassette | |
# Shami statue

The Shami statue is one of the main surviving works of Parthian art. It is currently in the National Museum of Iran (Inv. no. 2401) and was found at Shami (modern Khūzestān Province), where there was an ancient sanctuary.
The bronze statue is 1.94 m high. The man depicted is shown frontally. The figure's head is slightly too small in relation to the rest of its body and the face has a plain, unmodelled surface with an aquiline nose. The man bears a short beard and a heavy moustache, while his hair is long and covers the ears. Around the head he wears a wide ribbon. He wears a tunic with a V-shaped opening at the front and wears trousers. Around the neck he wears a necklace, perhaps a metal ring. The left hand and the entire right arm are missing. In Shami, however, there was found a bronze arm which might belong to this statue.
It is possible that the head and the body of the figure were crafted separately and put together in Shami, as the head is too small and made from a different type of bronze as to the rest of the statue.
The high quality of the art work caused some speculations of its production place. Some scholars believe that it was made by Greek or Roman artists. Others argue that it was produced in Palmyra or by an artist from this city, while others suggest that it was made in Susa (the nearest bigger ancient city).
The statue was found by local peasants but must have originally adorned a sanctuary at Shami, where several Hellenistic bronze statues were found. The statue depicts a nobleman from the Parthian Empire.
The statue is hard to date. Scholars have proposed various datings ranging from the 2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD.
* The Statue of Parthian Noble Man, the face
* The Statue of Parthian Noble Man, National Museum of Iran 2401
# Suresh Tak

Suresh Tak (born June 1, 1962) is a businessman and was a member of the 15th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly representing the constituency of Kishangarh. He won representation to the state's assembly in the elections held in 2018 as an independent candidate.
# Pertensive

Pertensive marking is to head-marking languages what possessive marking is to dependent-marking languages. For example, in English, a dependent-marking language, possession in the phrase "a person's rodent" is indicated by the placement of the possessive suffix "'s" on the dependent grammatical constituent, "person's,", while the head constituent, "rodent," is left unmarked. In contrast, Shilluk places a pertensive affix on the head (e.g., dúup = "rodent", dû́uup = "rodent belonging to"). Other languages with pertensive marking are Nungon, Hungarian, Mansi, and Khanty. Some languages, such as Martuthunira, employ both possessive and pertensive marking.
The term was coined by linguist Dixon in 2011.
# Polygrammodes sabelialis

Polygrammodes sabelialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in India, Myanmar, China and Taiwan.
# Ambaji ropeway

Ambaji ropeway is a ropeway on Gabbar hill in Ambaji, Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India. It was opened in 1998.

## History

Ambaji is a major pilgrim town because of presence of the Ambaji Temples on foothill as well as on the Gabbar hill, a Shakti Peetha. Shri Arasuri Ambaji Mata Devasthan Trust which manages these temples installed the ropeway in 1998 and leased it to Usha Breco Limited.
# 1992 California budget crisis

The 1992 California budget crisis began on July 1, 1992, when the California State Legislature and Governor Pete Wilson failed to pass a budget by the constitutional deadline, and ended 63 days later. The state government ran out of cash reserves on July 2 and began paying employees and contractors with IOUs, which major banks agreed to honor for the time being. After a period of negotiation, the legislature and governor agreed on an austere $54.7 billion budget which reduced entitlement payments and public services. Nonetheless this budget left behind a cash reserve of only $435 million, prompting experts to warn about the possible need for further austerity and criticize the deal failing to address the structural problems of the state, such as the effect of Proposition 13 on limiting the government's ability to raise property taxes.
# Parochmastis

Parochmastis is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tineidae.

## Species

* Parochmastis dromaea (Turner, 1926)
* Parochmastis hilderi (Bradley, 1956)
* Parochmastis phaeosema (Turner, 1918)
* Parochmastis styracodes Meyrick, 1917
# Somatochlora viridiaenea

Somatochlora viridiaenea is a species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. The species was described in 1858 by American entomologist Philip Reese Uhler based on a female specimen from Hokkaido, Japan. It has also been recorded on Honshu and in eastern Russia.
* female
* male in flight
# Abacetus pintori

Abacetus pintori is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Straneo in 1940 and is found in Ethiopia and Tanzania.
# Makov (Blansko District)

Makov is a municipality and village in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 40 inhabitants.
Makov lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-west of Blansko, 37 km (23 mi) north of Brno, and 162 km (101 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Les Monthairons

Les Monthairons (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# ReadItSwapIt

ReadItSwapIt (RISI) was a book exchange website co-founded in 2005 by Andrew Bathgate and Neil Ferguson of London, UK. And closed in Sept 2017. It facilitated direct swapping of books among its members in the UK.

## Operation

ReadItSwapIt operated a "direct swap" method of exchange, where a single book belonging to one member was exchanged for a single book belonging to another member. This is contrast to other book swap sites, which offer a credit-based system of exchange.