OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Macoun apple

'Macoun' apples are a cross between the 'McIntosh' and 'Jersey Black' cultivars. The Macoun ("Ma-cown," after the variety's namesake, Canadian horticulturalist W.T. Macoun, but sometimes also pronounced either "Ma-coon" or "McCowan") was developed at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, by Richard Wellington. It was first introduced in 1932, and is an eating apple. This apple is popular for making European style apple pies because it does not break down during cooking and remains firm. Macouns are also very popular at roadside stands and pick-your-own farms. Availability is generally October through November.
Aside from its short season of availability, the popularity of the apple is compromised by the problems it gives orchardists. The 'Macoun' has a short stem, and there is a tendency for the apple to push itself off the branch as the fruit matures; also, the 'Macoun' tends not to produce reliable crops each year, with a good harvest followed by a sparser one.
The patent application for the 'Honeycrisp' apple stated that it was descended from 'Macoun' crossed with 'Honeygold', but this has since been disproved by genetic testing.
The Price look-up code for all sizes of Macoun apples is 3073.

## Characteristics

The skin is a dark red with a purplish flush. Its very firm flesh is juicy and snow white, tasting sweet with a hint of berry.

## Disease susceptibility

* Scab: High
* Powdery mildew: High
* Cedar apple rust: High
* Fire blight: Medium
# Tomopterna luganga

Tomopterna luganga is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is endemic to central Tanzania where it is widespread. However, because the limits of its distribution are not well-mapped and suitable habitat extends to Kenya, it is possible that its range extends to that country. Common name red sand frog has been coined for it.

## Description

Males measure 39–47 mm (1.5–1.9 in) and females 37–52 mm (1.5–2.0 in) in snout–vent length. The tympanum is visible. The body is robust with short, stocky limbs. The fingers are tapered and have no terminal discs. The hind limbs are short and have reduced webbing. Skin is dorsally smooth but has small flat rounded warts. In breeding individuals, the dorsal colouration is predominantly reddish orange with dark red warts. There is a broad pale tan dorsolateral band that runs from a pale occipital botch behind the eye backwards to the hind limbs. The flanks are speckled with black on white; the ventrum is white.
The male advertisement call is a series of notes, with the first harmonic dominant at 1.05–1.17 kHz. The notes are sometimes uttered singly, sometimes together in a regularly spaced series that may have even 11 notes.

## Habitat and conservation

Tomopterna luganga occur in moist and drier savanna habitats at elevations up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above sea level. They require soils suitable for burrowing. Males call along pool edges and from shallow running sandy streams.
No significant threats to this species are known. It is known from several protected areas. It is present in the pet trade, but not in numbers that would impact the species.
# Alex Shaffer

Alex Shaffer may refer to:
* Alex Shaffer (actor)
* Alex Shaffer (alpine skier)
# Anatolie Moraru

Anatolie Moraru (born 1894) was a Bessarabian politician.

## Biography

He served as Member of the Moldovan Parliament (1917–1918).

## Gallery

* Moldovan stamp, 1998
# Sven Halvar Löfgren

Sven Halvar Löfgren (1 March 1910 – 16 June 1978) was a Swedish pulmonologist known for describing Löfgren syndrome, a form of sarcoidosis.

## Early life, education and career

Löfgren was born in 1910 in Ulricehamn, Västra Götaland County, Sweden, to Sven August Löfgren and Hilma Ottilia Eliasson. Löfgren graduated with a bachelor's degree in medicine in 1931 and a licentiate degree in medicine in 1936 at Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, where he obtained his doctorate in 1946.
From 1936, Löfgren worked mainly at Saint Göran Hospital in Stockholm, where he became senior physician at the pulmonary clinic in 1957. He became interested early on in the mysterious disease morbus Schaumann, now known as sarcoidosis. In his thesis, he showed that erythema nodosum, which had always implied tuberculosis in the past, was also present in sarcoidosis. Together with Holger Lundbeck, in 1946 the two described what came to be known internationally as Lofgren's syndrome. Löfgren described how erythema nodosum, enlarged lymph nodes on the root of the lung (called hilar lymphadenopathy) and extinguished tuberculin tests were symptoms of an acute but often transient form of sarcoidosis. He became a rallying name at symposia and congresses and, in 1958, helped found the International Sarcoidosis Committee. Löfgren was honored in 1971 with a professorship for his scientific contributions.

## Personal life

Löfgren was said to be shy. He was the brother of engineer Stig Löfgren [sv]. In 1935 he married physician Märta Elisabet Ollén; the couple had four children: Halvar Olof, Folke Sven, Karin Elisabet, and Barbro Märta.
Löfgren died on 16 June 1978 in Stockholm.
# Orange, Coshocton County, Ohio

Orange is an unincorporated community in Coshocton County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

Orange was laid out in 1839. In 1853, the post office in Evansburg (an extinct town) was moved to Orange, but the post office kept the name Evansburg. The Evansburg (Orange) post office closed in 1907.
# Shadow over Babylon

Shadow over Babylon is a novel by David Mason published in 1993 by Bloomsbury in the UK and by Dutton Adult in the US.

## Plot

The book's plot opens after the Gulf War when a government minister approached a British businessman to execute a plan to assassinate Saddam Hussein. The businessman recruits Sir Peter Dartington, the owner of the international construction company. The latter tasked the mission of preparing and executing the job to Security contractor Ed Howard, an ex-Royal Marines and SBS officer. Howard recruits his men at X.F Security firm, all of them are special forces veterans, including his best friend Mike Ziegler, former officer at the Navy SEALS. In addition, Howard is recruiting a Scottish hunting guide to serve as a sniper of the force. The assassination operation requires the team to deal with Iraqi military on the one hand and successfully evade the US and UK intelligence organizations on the other.

## Reception

The New York Times called it "absorbing" and "an unusually deft first novel" Kirkus Reviews stated that readers would "love the details of exactly what happens."
# Royal Sussex Regiment Memorial, Brighton

The Royal Sussex Regiment Memorial, also known as The Bugler and the South African War Memorial, is a war memorial on Regency Square in Brighton, on the south coast of England. It commemorates casualties of the Royal Sussex Regiment in the Second Boer War and other campaigns at the end of the 19th century.

## Design

The memorial stands at the southern end of Regency Square, an upmarket housing development to the west of the centre of Brighton. It consists of a statue of a soldier from the Royal Sussex Regiment on a substantial plinth and faces the sea. The soldier is playing the bugle, an allusion to a real event at the Battle of Doornkop, a major event in the Second Boer War. The figure was modelled on a real sergeant from the regiment. The plinth is decorated laurel wreaths and bears the dedicatory inscription: "In memory of the officer, non-commissioned officers, and men of the Royal Sussex Regiment who fell in South Africa 1900–1902". The names and dates of other battles and campaigns are inscribed around the bottom of the plinth: Louisbourg/Quebec 1759, Maida/Egypt 1882, Nile 1884–5, Abu Klea. The dates of the two world wars were added following those conflicts.
The plinth is rectangular in plan and tapers towards the top, where the four corners are marked by artillery shells. Bronze plaques contain lists of names.

## History

The monument was erected to the memory of the Royal Sussex's casualties in the Second Boer War but includes dedications to other conflicts from around the turn of the 20th century. The memorial was designed by the local architect John William Simpson and the statue was sculpted by Charles Leonard Hartwell, whose signature is on the base. The contractors were B&W Bennett of Lewes Road, Brighton. The memorial was unveiled by William Nevill, 1st Marquess of Abergavenny, the Lord Lieutenant of Sussex, on 29 October 1904. Regency Square was filled with soldiers for the ceremony, to the extent that the Brighton Herald described it as being "under military occupation".
The memorial cost £1,400 of which £803 was contributed from the regiment's funds; the remainder was raised by public subscription. It is maintained by Brighton and Hove City Council. Since 1952, it has been a Grade II listed building; listed building status provides legal protection from unauthorised demolition or modification and is applied to structures of historical and architectural importance.
# 2nd Division (Japan)

The 2nd Division (第2師団, Dai-Ni Shidan) is one of nine active divisions of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. The division is subordinated to the Northern Army and is headquartered at Camp Asahikawa in Asahikawa, Hokkaidō. Its responsibility is the defense of North Western Hokkaidō.
The division was raised on 18 January 1962.

## Organization

* 2nd Division, at Camp Asahikawa in Asahikawa
** 2nd Division HQ, at Camp Asahikawa
** 3rd Rapid Deployment Regiment, at Camp Nayoro in Nayoro, with Type 96 armored personnel carriers and Type 16 maneuver combat vehicle
** 25th Infantry Regiment$^{note1}$, at Camp Engaru in Engaru
** 26th Infantry Regiment, at Camp Rumoi in Rumoi
** 2nd Tank Regiment, at Camp Kamifurano in Kamifurano, with three squadrons employing Type 90 and one Type 10 main battle tank squadron
** 2nd Artillery Regiment (Mechanized), at Camp Asahikawa
*** 1st Artillery Battalion, with two batteries of Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzers
*** 2nd Artillery Battalion, with two batteries of Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzers
*** 3rd Artillery Battalion, with two batteries of Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzers
*** 4th Artillery Battalion, with two batteries of Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzers
*** 5th Artillery Battalion, with three batteries of Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzers
** 2nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion, at Camp Asahikawa, with three batteries employing a mix of Type 81 and Type 93 surface-to-air missile systems
** 2nd Aviation Squadron, at Camp Asahikawa, flying UH-1J
** 2nd Engineer Battalion (Combat), at Camp Asahikawa
** 2nd Logistic Support Regiment, at Camp Asahikawa
*** 1st Maintenance Battalion
*** 2nd Maintenance Battalion
*** Supply Company
*** Medical Company
*** Transport Company
** 2nd Signal Battalion, at Camp Asahikawa
** 2nd Reconnaissance Company, at Camp Nayoro, with Type 87 armored reconnaissance vehicles
** 2nd Anti-Tank Company, at Camp Kamifurano in Kamifurano
** 2nd NBC-defense Company, at Camp Asahikawa
** 2nd Band, at Camp Asahikawa
** 2nd Intelligence Unit, at Camp Kamifurano, with ScanEagle
note 1: Infantry regiments are roughly battalion strength, derived from the Pentomic structure that reorganized regiments from consisting of battalions to consisting of companies. Battalions in Japanese practice generally refer to smaller units composed of fewer companies or batteries, such as a 2-company divisional tank battalion as opposed to a 5-company tank regiment.
# Tomopterus

Tomopterus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Tomopterus albopilosus Zajciw, 1964
* Tomopterus aurantiacosignatus Zajciw, 1969
* Tomopterus basimaculatus Zajciw, 1964
* Tomopterus brevicornis Giesbert, 1996
* Tomopterus clavicornis Magno, 1995
* Tomopterus consobrinus Gounelle, 1911
* Tomopterus exilis Chemsak & Linsley, 1979
* Tomopterus flavofasciatus Fisher, 1947
* Tomopterus grossefoveolatus Zajciw, 1964
* Tomopterus kunayala Giesbert, 1996
* Tomopterus larroides White, 1855
* Tomopterus longicornis Zajciw, 1969
* Tomopterus obliquus Bates, 1870
* Tomopterus pictipennis Zajciw, 1969
* Tomopterus quadratipennis Bates, 1873
* Tomopterus rufotibialis (Zajciw, 1968)
* Tomopterus seabrai Magno, 1995
* Tomopterus servillei Magno, 1995
* Tomopterus similis Fisher, 1930
* Tomopterus staphylinus Audinet-Serville, 1833
* Tomopterus tetraspilotus Magno, 1995
* Tomopterus vespoides White, 1855
# Reginald Owen (bishop)

Reginald Herbert Owen (25 May 1887 – 24 February 1961) was an Oxford don, public school headmaster and Anglican bishop.

## Life and career

Born on 25 May 1887 he was educated at Dulwich College and Wadham College, Oxford.
Alternating between secondary and tertiary education, he was an assistant master at Clifton College; a fellow and lecturer at Worcester College, Oxford; headmaster of Uppingham School; and fellow, chaplain and lecturer at Brasenose College, Oxford, before his ordination to the episcopate as Bishop of Wellington in 1947. In addition he was Primate of New Zealand from 1952 until his resignation on 29 February 1960.
Owen died on 24 February 1961.
# Phytometra ernestinana

Phytometra ernestinana, Ernestine's moth, is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Wisconsin. It is also present in Cuba.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing year round in Florida.
# St Nicholas School

St Nicholas School may refer to:
* Saint Nicholas School, Essex, England
* St. Nicholas Grammar School, Middlesex, England
* Saint Nicholas High School, Bangladesh
* CHIJ Saint Nicholas Girls' School, Ang Mo Kio, Singapore
* St Nicholas School Canterbury
# Maracle

Maracle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cheri Maracle (born 1972), Canadian actress
* Clifford Maracle (1944–1996), Canadian artist
* Henry Maracle (1904–1958), Canadian ice hockey player
* Lee Maracle (1950–2021), Canadian First Nations poet and author
* Norm Maracle (born 1974), Canadian ice hockey player
# Oregon Township, Washington County, Iowa

Oregon Township is a township in Washington County, Iowa, United States.

## History

Oregon Township was established in 1847. It was named by an early settler who was considering moving to Oregon.
# Sfruz

Sfruz is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, with some 230 inhabitants in 2009 and an area of 11.7 square kilometres (4.5 sq mi).
It is a traditional Alpine village, one of the highest in the Val di Non valley, and is located on a lush plateau between Monte Roen and the Corno di Tres. Its ancient origins have been proved by archaeological findings, which have brought to light a number of traditional roof-tiled Roman graves.
Sfruz has kept its original layout, with its rural homes and noble buildings featuring stone portals, halls and timber superstructures as well as a few frescoes. The church stands opposite via Predaia and shows a number of interesting architectural features in the local tradition, including a portal from 1704 with a crest and an unusual lancet arch. An alto-rilievo (high-relief) of S. Barbara - patron saint of miners - is located at the top of the road, after the playground. Sfruz's parish church is dedicated to S. Agatha.
The Sfruz potato is well renowned. Furthermore, the town is also a bastion for a number of important traditional craftsman jobs, such as goldsmiths and wood carvers. Its large pottery stoves are both characteristic and highly original. They have been manufactured since the Renaissance when they were sold - under the guide of "master stove-makers" - in Austria, Tyrol and Lombardy.
The 12 Percorsi d'Anaunia pass through Sfruz. Featuring signposted hiking trails based on an ancient road leading from Rocchetta to Castel Thun, the 12 Percorsi give travellers the chance to explore the conifer and beech woods between Sfruz and Smarano.
The municipality of Sfruz contains the frazione (subdivision) Credai.
Sfruz borders the following municipalities: Amblar, Don, Coredo, Tramin an der Weinstraße, Smarano and Tres.
# Sturla (disambiguation)

Sturla may refer to:

## Places

* Sturla, a neighbourhood of Genoa, Italy

## People
### given name

* Sturla Ásgeirsson (born 1980), an Icelandic handball player
* Sturla Böðvarsson (born 1945), an Icelandic politician, President of the Althing
* Sturla Sighvatsson (1199 – 1238), an Icelandic chieftain of the Sturlungar family clan
* Sturla Þórðarson (1214 – 1284), an Icelandic writer and skald

### surname

* Daniel Sturla, SDB (born 1959), a Uruguayan Roman Catholic cleric, archbishop of Montevideo
* Eduardo Sturla (born 1974), an Argentine triathlete
* Gérard Sturla (1930 – 2006), a French basketball player
* Héctor Martín Sturla (1953 - 1991), a Uruguayan lawyer and politician
* Salvador Sturla (1891 – 1975), a Dominican musician and composer
# List of Northamptonshire Twenty20 cricket records

This is a list of Northamptonshire's Twenty20 cricket records; that is, record team and individual performances in Twenty20 cricket for Northamptonshire County Cricket Club.
| Player | Runs |
| Alex Wakely | 2542 |
| Josh Cobb | 2445 |
| Richard Levi | 2403 |
| Ben Duckett | 1587 |
| Adam Rossington | 1406 |
| Rob White | 1331 |
| Player | Wickets |
| Graeme White | 91 |
| David Willey | 82 |
| Ben Sanderson | 78 |
| Azharullah | 70 |
| Andrew Hall | 64 |
| Rory Kleinveldt | 52 |
Team totals
| Record | Score | Opposition | Venue | Year |
| Highest Total For | 231-5 | Warwickshire | Birmingham | 2018 |
| Highest Total Against | 260-4 | Yorkshire | Leeds | 2017 |
| Lowest Total For | 47 | Durham | Chester-le-Street | 2011 |
| Lowest Total Against | 86 | Worcestershire | Worcester | 2006 |

## Batting

| | Player | Information |
| Highest score | 1. Chris Lynn 2. Lance Klusener 3. Richard Levi | 113* v Worcestershire at County Ground, Northampton in 2022 111* v Worcestershire at Chester Road North Ground, Kidderminster in 2007 110* v Gloucestershire at College Ground, Cheltenham in 2013 |
| Most runs in season | 1. Chris Lynn 2. Richard Levi 3. Ben Duckett | 516 in 2022 485 in 2015 477 in 2016 |
Record partnership for each wicket
| Wicket | Score | Batting partners | Opposition | Venue | Year |
| 1st | 149 | CA Lynn & BJ Curran | Durham | Northampton | 2022 |
| 2nd | 129 | RE Levi & JJ Cobb | Warwickshire | Birmingham | 2018 |
| 3rd | 107* | CL White & AG Wakely | Surrey | Birmingham | 2013 |
| 4th | 123 | BM Duckett & AG Wakely | Nottinghamshire | Birmingham | 2016 |
| 5th | 110* | RA White & N Boje | Gloucestershire | Milton Keynes | 2008 |
| 6th | 82* | DJG Sales & DG Wright | Gloucestershire | Milton Keynes | 2005 |
| 7th | 69 | RI Keogh & TAI Taylor | Warwickshire | Birmingham | 2020 |
| 8th | 62 | SP Crook & RK Kleinveldt | Worcestershire | Worcester | 2015 |
| 9th | 59* | DJ Willey & JA Brooks | Warwickshire | Birmingham | 2011 |
| 10th | 35* | J Louw & JF Brown | Warwickshire | Milton Keynes | 2008 |

## Bowling

| | Player | Information |
| Best bowling (innings) | 1. Andrew Hall 2. Josh Cobb 3. Jason Brown | 6-21 v Worcestershire at County Ground, Northampton in 2008 5-25 v Worcestershire at County Ground, Northampton in 2022 5-27 v Somerset at County Ground, Northampton in 2003 |
| Most wickets in season | 1. Azharullah 2. Chaminda Vaas 3. David Willey | 27 in 2013 23 in 2010 21 in 2013 |

## Wicket-keeping

| | Player | Information |
| Most victims in innings | 1. Riki Wessels 2. Niall O'Brien | 3 v Warwickshire at County Ground, Northampton in 2005 3 v Durham at County Ground, Northampton in 2010 |
| Most victims in season | 1. Niall O'Brien 2. Adam Rossington | 13 in 2010 12 in 2016 |
# Music Zone

Music Zone was a music retailer in the United Kingdom, formed in Levenshulme in 1984, as a market stall in Longsight, Manchester.

## History

Soon after, Music Zone opened its first permanent shop in Stockport, and began to expand in the Manchester region, rebranding itself to Music Zone Trade Direct and positioning itself as a value retailer. In February 2005, Music Zone was sold in a management buy-out for £12 million, backed financially by the private equity firm Lloyds Development Capital (LDC), as well as funds from the board of directors.
In the twelve months to 31 May 2005, the company made a £4,000 pre tax loss on sales of £70.4 million. Then in January 2006, the company bought forty one outlets from collapsed chain MVC, allowing Music Zone to expand nationwide. All stores were branded to 'Music Zone'.
The MVC acquisitions took the estate to 104 stores making the chain the third largest specialist entertainment retailer in the United Kingdom, less than thirty stores behind nearest rival Virgin Megastore.

## Financial problems

On 27 December 2006, the Bank of Ireland withdrew its loan and future working capital facilities, and decided to recover its debts without notice and with immediate effect. As a result, on 3 January 2007, Music Zone went into administration, with thirty one stores across the United Kingdom closing two weeks later.
The cause of the collapse was attributed to "challenging trading conditions and weak pre Christmas trading, amid increasing competition and aggressive pricing across the DVD and music market." By 26 January 2007, all stores were closed. Music Zone's Head Office was closed on 30 January. By the time of closure, the company debts totalled £31 million

## Fopp

On 5 February 2007, retailer Fopp announced it would be taking over 67 of the remaining stores in addition to some of Music Zone's head office and warehouse facilities. In March 2007, Fopp had difficulties rebuilding supplier contracts, and shut down a great number of the higher maintenance stores. On 29 June 2007, Fopp went into administration, resulting in the closure of all remaining Music Zone shops.
# St Nicholas South Elmham

St Nicholas South Elmham is a place and former civil parish in the north of the English county of Suffolk. The parish was combined with All Saints' South Elmham in 1737 to form the parish of All Saints and St. Nicholas, South Elmham. It is 5 miles (8.0 km) south of the market town of Bungay in the East Suffolk district. It is part of the area around Bungay known as The Saints.
The village has always been sparsely populated, with the population rising to around 100 in the early 19th-century, with 94 residents at the 1851 United Kingdom census. The combined population of the modern parish is around 130. The main area of population in St Nicholas is spread along the road leading from around St Margaret South Elmham to the site of the former parish church.
The church of St Nicholas was in ruins by the 17th-century and by the early 20th-century only a cross survived marking the position of the building. The parish church is now All Saints Church, South Elmham, although it is formally redundant and cared for by the Churches Conservation Trust.
# Saale-Elster Viaduct

The Saale-Elster Viaduct is a railway bridge along the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway in Central Germany. It was completed in 2013 and opened in 2015. The viaduct is 6,465 metres (21,211 ft) long and thereby the longest bridge in Germany and the longest high-speed rail bridge in Europe. It includes a branch of 2,112 metres (6,929 ft) length.
The prestressed concrete box girder bridge carries a Deutsche Bahn Intercity-Express (ICE) line over the extended floodplain at the confluence of the Saale and White Elster rivers, a natural habitat of wild fauna and flora south of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt. The branch provides a connection to the parallel Halle–Bebra railway line.