OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Relaxase

A relaxase is a single-strand DNA transesterase enzyme produced by some prokaryotes and viruses. Relaxases are responsible for site- and strand-specific nicks in unwound double-stranded DNA . Known relaxases belong to the rolling circle replication (RCR) initiator superfamily of enzymes and fall into two broad classes: replicative (Rep) and mobilization (Mob). The nicks produced by Rep relaxases initiate plasmid or virus RCR. Mob relaxases nick at origin of transfer (oriT) to initiate the process of DNA mobilization and transfer known as bacterial conjugation. Relaxases are so named because the single-stranded DNA nick that they catalyze lead to relaxation of helical tension.

## Structure and mechanism

Known relaxases are metal ion dependent tyrosine transesterases. This means that they use a metal ion to aid the transfer of an ester bond from the DNA phosphodiester backbone to a catalytic tyrosine side chain, resulting in a long-lived covalent phosphotyrosine intermediate that essentially unified the nicked DNA strand and the enzyme as one molecule. Preliminary reports of relaxase inhibition by small molecules that mimic intermediates of this reaction were first reported in 2007. Such inhibition has implications related to preventing the propagation of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings.
The first relaxase x-ray crystal and NMR structures – of Rep relaxases from tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and adeno associated virus serotype 5 (AAV-5) – were solved in 2002. These revealed compact molecules composed of five-stranded, antiparallel beta sheet cores and peripheral alpha helices. A histidine-rich motif, previously identified by sequence conservation, was shown to be a metal ion binding site located on the beta sheet core, nearby the carboxy-terminal catalytic tyrosine residue. Later structures of the Mob relaxases TrwC from plasmid R388 and TraI from the F-plasmid confirmed that the Mob and Rep classes are evolutionarily related to one another through circular permutation. This means that they share a general fold, but the amino-terminal sequence of one is homologous to the C-terminus of the other, and vice versa. Thus the Catalytic tyrosines of TraI and TrwC are amino-terminal rather than carboxy-terminal.

## Etymology

Relaxase nomenclature is varied. In conjugative bacterial plasmids, Mob-class relaxases go by names such as TraI (in plasmid RP4), VirD2 (pTi), TrwC (R388), TraI (F-plasmid), MobB (CloDF13), or TrsK (pGO1).
# List of urban areas in Denmark by population

This is a list of urban areas in Denmark by population. For a list of cities in Denmark please see List of cities in Denmark by population.
The population is measured by Statistics Denmark for urban areas (Danish: byområder or bymæssige områder), which is defined as a contiguous built-up area with a maximum distance of 200 m between houses, unless further distance is caused by public areas, cemeteries or similar reasons. Furthermore, to obtain by-status, the area must have at least 200 inhabitants. Some urban areas in Denmark have witnessed conurbation and grown together.
Urban areas in Denmark with a population of more than 20,000 inhabitants as of 1 January 2024 :
| # | Diff. | City/urban area | Population |
| 1 | | Urban Copenhagen (Hovedstadsområdet) Copenhagen pop. 659,350Frederiksberg 104,899Gentofte 75,033Gladsaxe 70,474Lyngby-Taarbæk 58,194Hvidovre53,718Greve Strand 44,682Tårnby 43,506Rødovre 44,217Ballerup 42,290Brøndby 38,849Herlev 29,816Albertslund 27,540Glostrup 23,540Ishøj 21,465Rudersdal 20,021Vallensbæk 17,184Furesø 3,871 | 1,378,649 |
| 2 | | Aarhus | 295,688 |
| 3 | | Odense | 183,763 |
| 4 | | Aalborg | 120,700 |
| 5 | | Esbjerg | 71,505 |
| 6 | | Randers | 64,158 |
| 7 | | Horsens | 63,903 |
| 8 | | Kolding | 62,444 |
| 9 | | Vejle | 61,706 |
| 10 | | Roskilde | 52,974 |
| 11 | 1 | Silkeborg | 51,805 |
| 12 | 1 | Herning | 51,312 |
| 13 | 1 | Helsingør (Elsinore) | 47,945 |
| 14 | 1 | Hørsholm | 47,839 |
| 15 | | Næstved | 45,099 |
| 16 | | Viborg | 42,305 |
| 17 | | Fredericia | 41,544 |
| 18 | | Køge | 38,647 |
| 19 | 1 | Taastrup | 37,231 |
| 20 | 1 | Holstebro | 37,220 |
| 21 | | Hillerød | 36,227 |
| 22 | | Slagelse | 35,044 |
| 23 | | Holbæk | 30,500 |
| 24 | | Sønderborg | 28,277 |
| 25 | | Svendborg | 27,521 |
| 26 | | Hjørring | 25,951 |
| 27 | | Nørresundby | 24,281 |
| 28 | | Ringsted | 24,142 |
| 29 | 1 | Ølstykke-Stenløse | 23,344 |
| 30 | 1 | Frederikshavn | 22,838 |
| 31 | | Haderslev | 22,277 |
| 32 | 1 | Smørumnedre | 21,627 |
| 33 | 1 | Birkerød | 20,921 |
| 34 | | Farum | 20,426 |
| 35 | | Skive | 20,166 |
| 36 | | Skanderborg | 20,116 |
# Rellingen

Rellingen is a municipality in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 7 km east of Pinneberg, and 10 km northwest of Hamburg. Population as of December 31, 2007 is 13,746. The total land is 13.19 km$^2$.
Rellingen was formerly part of the Duchy of Holstein, a subject of the Danish Crown.

## Transportation

Rellingen can be reached from Bundesautobahn 23. The Hamburg S-Bahn (line 3) and bus system (lines 185, 195, 295 and 395) are also connected to Rellingen.

## Architecture

Rellingen is famous for its Lutheran church. The architect was Cai Dose. The previous church building was damaged badly during the Thirty Years War. It was rebuilt between 1754 and 1756 and was extended. The church has an octagonal shape and has a church tower which is leaning to one side.

## Economy

The municipality of Pinneberg including Rellingen is famous for its tree nurseries. Other industries are manufacturing of electronic musical instruments (Yamaha), food and beverages and tourism.

## Nature

The Krupunder Lake (Krupunder See) is located in Rellingen. The lake was a swimming complex in the past. Until 1962 people were allowed to swim in the lake. The lake had a beach, changing rooms and some fast food outlets. The rivers Mühlenau and Pinnau flow through Rellingen.

## Notable residents

* Friedrich Ludwig Schröder, actor
* Abel Seyler, theatre director, interred in Rellingen
# Rene Cinquin

Renè Cinquin (1898–1978) was a creator of panoramic maps in the United States. He also painted. Several of his maps are in the Library of Congress' collection. Metropolitan Aero-View Co. was a publisher of his maps.
The firm of Hughes & Cinquin produced panoramic maps during the 1920s under the sponsorship of Oakley H. Bailey (1843-1947), a panoramic map artist and publisher. The panoramic map collection of the Library of Congress has seven Aero-View maps of Long Island towns and six of New Jersey towns drawn by Rene Cinquin between 1924 and 1929. Most were published by either Hughes & Cinquin, Brooklyn, or Metropolitan Aero-View Co., New York.
Cinquin's map of Patchogue includes an extensive writeup about the community.

## Gallery

* Margate City, New Jersey
* Westfield, New Jersey
* Valley Stream, Long Island
* Absecon, New Jersey
* Westwood, New Jersey
* Somers-Point, New Jersey
* Egg Harbor City, New Jersey
* Farmingdale, New York
* Hicksville, New York
* Lindenhurst, New York
* Freeport, Long Island
* Amityville, New York
* Pearl River, New York
# Aleksejs Loskutovs

Aleksejs Loskutovs (born August 22, 1962) is a Latvian politician. He served as a Member of the European Parliament for Unity from January 24, 2019, until July 1, 2019.

## Biography

Aleksejs Loskutovs attended secondary school in Riga. In 1984, he graduated with a law degree from the University of Latvia and later obtained a doctorate in 1993. He also studied at the University of Helsinki.
In 1984, he joined the Prosecutor's Office in Riga and also worked at the Ministry of the Interior of the Latvian SSR.
From 1993 to 1997, he worked as the chief criminologist at the Latvian Centre for Criminology Research, and from 1991 to 2003, he served as an assistant and professor at the Latvian Police Academy.
In 2003, he became a professor at the University of Daugavpils.
In 2008, as part of a protest against his dismissal, he became involved in politics with the Society for Political Change, which later joined a right-wing coalition. Aleksejs Loskutovs was elected as a member of the Saeima for the 10th, 11th, and 12th legislatures. He ran for the European Parliament in the 2014 elections but was not successful.
In 2017, he joined the Movement For! before leaving it the following year.
During the 2018 Latvian parliamentary elections, he ran on the Unity party list but was not elected. He entered the European Parliament in January 2019 following the resignation of Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš.
# Alexander Bennett McGrigor

Dr Alexander Bennett McGrigor of Cairnoch LLD (1827–1891) was a Scottish lawyer, university administrator and bibliophile. After his death he donated what is now known as the McGrigor Collection to Glasgow University Library.

## Life

He was born on 1 May 1827. He was the son of Alexander McGrigor lawyer, living at 3 Milton Place in Glasgow with offices on St Vincent Street in the city centre. His mother was Janet Stevenson Bennett.
He studied law at Glasgow University, but it is unclear if he graduated. He nevertheless joined his father in the family law firm, which by 1845 had moved to 52 George Square. The firm merged to become McGrigor & Stevenson and later became McGrigor Murray & McGrigor, one of Glasgow’s largest law firms. Alexander became head of the firm in 1853. In 1855 he was living at 19 Woodside Terrace but also now owned the family estate of Cairnoch in Stirlingshire. In December 1859 he was commissioned as a captain in the Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers.
In 1877 Glasgow University awarded him an honorary doctorate (LLD). In 1879 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, Sir James David Marwick, John Gray McKendrick, and John Hutton Balfour. He resigned from the Society in 1890.
In 1878 he had to report to shareholders in relation to the collapse of the City of Glasgow Bank and oversaw its liquidation. In 1888 he was Honorary Secretary of the Glasgow International Exhibition. He was involved in several transport projects, including the Union Railway, Glasgow Tramways and Vale of Clyde Tramway. He was President of the Clan Gregor Society. He was a supporter of women’s suffrage and attended a demonstration with his wife.
He died on 22 March 1891 at Cairnoch House in Stirlingshire.

## Family

In 1848 in Lanark he married Elizabeth Robertson. His son was also Alexander Bennet McGrigor.
# Reshma (Tamil actress)

Reshma (1978/1979 – 21 June 2021) was an Indian actress who appeared in the Tamil cinema.

## Career

Born as Shanthi, she adopted the stage name of Reshma and made her debut with Kizhakku Mugam (1996) alongside Karthik. The success of the film meant she was signed on to appear in Kalanjiyam's Poomani (1996), and also briefly shot for Nandha featuring Ramki, which did not get completed. Another film titled Aththai Ponnu alongside Vignesh was also shelved during shoot in 1997.
Reshma also signed on to play the title role in Vennila to appear alongside Ajith Kumar, Vignesh and Amar Siddique. Though the film began production works in 1996, it was duly delayed due to financial problems with the film finally releasing with the title Ennai Thalatta Varuvala in March 2003.

## Personal life

Reshma married actor Hamsavardhan, her co-star from Vadagupatti Maapillai (2001). The couple had two sons and a daughter.

## Death

Reshma died aged 42 on 21 June 2021, following complications caused by COVID-19.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Language |
| 1996 | Kizhakku Mugam | Poongodi | Tamil |
| 1996 | Poomani | Pottu | Tamil |
| 1997 | Anna Andre Nammanna | Rukku | Kannada |
| 1997 | Killikurishile Kudumbamela | Rose Mary | Malayalam |
| 1998 | Amar Akbar Anthony | Swathi | Kannada |
| 1998 | Ulta Palta | Swathi | Telugu |
| 1999 | Drona | Radha | Kannada |
| 1999 | Maravathe Kanmaniye | Rasathi | Tamil |
| 2000 | Nee Enthan Vaanam | Meenu | Tamil |
| 2000 | Jee Boomba | | Kannada |
| 2000 | Poli Bhava | | Kannada |
| 2000 | Hagalu Vesha | Seetha | Kannada |
| 2001 | Vadagupatti Maapillai | Vadivu (Jeena) | Tamil |
| 2001 | Sravu | Kasthuri | Malayalam |
| 2001 | Nagaravadhu | | Malayalam |
| 2003 | Ennai Thalatta Varuvala | Vennila | Tamil |

## Television

| Year | TV Series | Role | Language | Notes |
| 2001-2002 | Alaigal | Sowmya Vijay | Tamil | TV Serial (Replaced by Sri Durga) |
# Soul Story

Soul Story is an album by organist Charles Earland which was recorded in 1971 and released on the Prestige label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic awarded the album 3 stars.

## Track listing

All compositions by Charles Earland except where noted
* "Betty's Dilemma" – 8:12
* "Love Story" (Francis Lai) – 10:10
* "One for Scotty" – 6:55
* "My Scorpio Lady" – 2:20
* "I Was Made to Love Her" (Stevie Wonder, Lula Mae Hardaway, Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy) – 2:50
* "Happy Medium" – 4:10

## Personnel

* Charles Earland – organ, vocals
* Gary Chandler (tracks 1 & 2), Virgil Jones (tracks 3–6) – trumpet
* Clifford Adams Jr. – trombone (tracks 3–6)
* Jimmy Vass – flute, soprano saxophone, alto saxophone (tracks 1 & 2)
* Arthur Grant – tenor saxophone, flute (tracks 3–6)
* Houston Person – tenor saxophone (tracks 1 & 2)
* Maynard Parker – guitar
* Jesse Kilpatrick Jr. (tracks 1 & 2), Billy "Kentucky" Wilson (tracks 3–6) – drums
* Buddy Caldwell – congas, tambourine (tracks 1 & 2)
* Arthur Jenkins – congas (tracks 3–6)
# List of storms named Elaine

The name Elaine has been used for thirteen tropical cyclones worldwide: one in the Atlantic Ocean, ten in the Western Pacific Ocean and two in the Australian Region.
In the Atlantic Ocean:
In the Western Pacific Ocean:
* Typhoon Elaine (1949) – a strong typhoon made landfall Philippinesand South China.
* Typhoon Elaine (1952) – a weak tropical storm that never threatened land.
* Typhoon Elaine (1957) – a category 4 typhoon that never threatened land.
* Typhoon Elaine (1960) – a strong typhoon affected Philippines, Taiwan and China.
* Typhoon Elaine (1963) – never threatened land.
* Tropical Storm Elaine (1965) – a moderate tropical storm affected South China.
* Typhoon Elaine (1968) – a powerful category 5 typhoon hit extreme northern Luzon.
* Typhoon Elaine (1971) – a category 3 typhoon made landfall Philippines and affected South China and Vietnam.
* Typhoon Elaine (1974) – a Category 2 typhoon made landfall Philippines.
* Typhoon Elaine (1978) – struck the Northern Philippines and the Chinese province of Guangdong.
In the Australian Region:
* Cyclone Elaine (1967) – a strong tropical cyclone affected Queensland.
* Cyclone Elaine (1999) – a severe tropical cyclone along with Cyclone Vance, both made landfall and caused destruction in Western Australia.
After the 1998-99 season, the name Elaine was removed from the Australian name list.
# List of storms named Edouard

The name Edouard has been used for seven tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean.
* Tropical Storm Edouard (1984), a tropical storm that rapidly formed and strengthened in the Bay of Campeche
* Tropical Storm Edouard (1990), a tropical storm that caused minor damage in the Azores
* Hurricane Edouard (1996), a powerful category 4 hurricane that impacted New England and Atlantic Canada but remained offshore
* Tropical Storm Edouard (2002), a tropical storm that crossed west over Florida
* Tropical Storm Edouard (2008), a tropical storm that made landfall in Texas
* Hurricane Edouard (2014), a Category 3 hurricane that churned in the open ocean
* Tropical Storm Edouard (2020), a tropical storm that briefly affected Bermuda
# Residenzstraße (Berlin U-Bahn)

Residenzstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U8. Opened in 1987 (Rümmler) this station was designed to resemble a palace, the Berliner Stadtschloss. With ornaments on the floor, pompous columns, mirrors and golden capitals this was accomplished (and very expensive). The motifs on the walls show plans of Berlin, the old Stadtschloss and parts of Berlin.
# Alexander Dallas

Alexander Dallas may refer to:
* Alexander Grant Dallas (1816–1882), British governor of Rupert's Land and Hudson's Bay Company administrator
* Alexander J. Dallas (statesman) (1759–1817), American Secretary of the Treasury under president James Madison
* Alexander J. Dallas (United States Navy officer) (1791–1844), U.S. Navy officer (son of the statesman)
* Alexander Dallas (priest) (1791–1869), Church of England priest founder of the Irish Church Missions to Roman Catholics
# Alert Bay Airport

Alert Bay Airport (IATA: YAL, ICAO: CYAL) is a public airport located on Cormorant Island next to the village of Alert Bay, British Columbia, Canada. Cormorant Island lies between Malcolm Island and Port McNeill on northeastern Vancouver Island.
Alert Bay Airport was opened in honour of longtime physician and surgeon and one-time mayor Dr. Harold Jackson Pickup (died February 11, 1996).
# List of top 25 albums for 1989 in Australia

These are the top 50 albums of 1989 in Australia from the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) End of Year Albums Chart. These were the second End of Year album charts created by ARIA, it had started producing its own charts from mid-1988. ARIA had previously used the Kent Music Report, known from 1987 onwards as the Australian Music Report.
| # | Title | Artist | Highest pos. reached | Weeks at No. 1 |
| 1. | Volume One | Traveling Wilburys | 1 | 2 |
| 2. | ...Ish | 1927 | 1 | 4 |
| 3. | Hysteria | Def Leppard | 1 | 3 |
| 4. | The Raw and the Cooked | Fine Young Cannibals | 1 | 1 |
| 5. | Edge | Daryl Braithwaite | 1 | 3 |
| 6. | Like a Prayer | Madonna | 4 | |
| 7. | Johnny Diesel and the Injectors | Johnny Diesel | 2 | |
| 8. | Beaches | Soundtrack / Bette Midler | 1 | 4 |
| 9. | Mystery Girl | Roy Orbison | 1 | 4 |
| 10. | A New Flame | Simply Red | 2 | |
| 11. | Appetite for Destruction | Guns N' Roses | 7 | |
| 12. | Sunshine on Leith | The Proclaimers | 2 | |
| 13. | Repeat Offender | Richard Marx | 1 | 7 |
| 14. | Hold On to Me | The Black Sorrows | 7 | |
| 15. | The Premiere Collection: The Best of Andrew Lloyd Webber | Various Artists | 1 | 1 |
| 16. | Melissa Etheridge | Melissa Etheridge | 3 | |
| 17. | Look Sharp! | Roxette | 2 | |
| 18. | Rattle and Hum | U2 | 1 | 5 |
| 19. | Cocktail | Soundtrack | 1 | 5 |
| 20. | Brave | Kate Ceberano | 2 | |
| 21. | Gipsy Kings | Gipsy Kings | 2 | |
| 22. | Matchbook | Ian Moss | 1 | 3 |
| 23. | Phantom of the Opera | Soundtrack | 2 | |
| 24. | Heavy Nova | Robert Palmer | 2 | |
| 25. | Pop Art | Transvision Vamp | 13 | |
| 26. | Open Up and Say... Ahh! | Poison | 7 | |
| 27. | Big Daddy | John Cougar Mellencamp | 1 | 1 |
| 28. | Hangin' Tough | New Kids on the Block | 7 | |
| 29. | Watermark | Enya | 8 | |
| 30. | Shiver | Jenny Morris | 5 | |
| 31. | Greatest Hits | Fleetwood Mac | 3 | |
| 32. | Heart of Stone | Cher | 1 | 1 |
| 33. | Warragul | John Williamson | 1 | 1 |
| 34. | Hard Reyne | James Reyne | 7 | |
| 35. | Union | Toni Childs | 8 | |
| 36. | G N' R Lies | Guns N' Roses | 18 | |
| 37. | Electric Youth | Debbie Gibson | 10 | |
| 38. | Barnestorming | Jimmy Barnes | 1 | 3 |
| 39. | Velveteen | Transvision Vamp | 2 | |
| 40. | The George Thorogood Collection | George Thorogood and the Destroyers | 2 | |
| 41. | Storm Front | Billy Joel | 1 | 2 |
| 42. | Living Years | Mike and the Mechanics | 10 | |
| 43. | Young Einstein | Soundtrack | 6 | |
| 44. | Everything | The Bangles | 7 | |
| 45. | Stop! | Sam Brown | 13 | |
| 46. | Tracy Chapman | Tracy Chapman | 2 | |
| 47. | The Other Side of the Mirror | Stevie Nicks | 8 | |
| 48. | Trash | Alice Cooper | 5 | |
| 49. | Batman | Prince | 4 | |
| 50. | Southside | Texas | 14 | |
Peak chart positions from early 1988 were calculated by David Kent for the Kent Music Report. Late 1988 and all 1989 peak chart positions are from the ARIA Charts. Overall position on the End of Year Chart is calculated by ARIA based on the number of weeks and position that the records reach within the Top 50 albums for each week during 1989.
# Souk En Nhas

Souk En Nhas (English: copper market) is one of the souks of the medina of Tunis. It is specialised in selling copper utensils.

## Location

The souk location is between the Kasbah Street and Souk El Grana.

## Testimonies

Charles Lallemand visited Tunisia in the end of the 19th century and left a testimony about the souk.
# Rennell gerygone

The Rennell gerygone (Gerygone citrina) is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae. It lives on Rennell Island. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the fan-tailed gerygone (Gerygone flavolateralis), but was split as a distinct species by the International Ornithologists' Union in 2021.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
# South Bend Lathe

South Bend Lathe is a brand of machine tools. Today's South Bend Lathe corporation is the successor to the original South Bend Lathe Works, an American machine tool builder that for many decades was one of the most important builders of metalworking lathes in the U.S. and in the world.
The South Bend Lathe Works was established in 1906 in South Bend, Indiana by identical twin brothers John J. O'Brien and Miles W. O'Brien. By 1930, the company was building 47% of the engine lathes sold each year in the United States. In a quarter century, South Bend Lathe Works had become the largest exclusive manufacturer of metalworking precision lathes in the world. In the 1920s through 1960s, South Bend lathes were found in countless machine shops and factories, and they were also one of the most commonly used brands in vocational schools.
The 9-inch lathe was so successful that many other companies made almost direct copies (clones), including the Boxford Lathe Model A in England; Purcell, Demco, and FW Hercus in Australia; Blomqvist and Storebro in Sweden; and Sanches Blanes S.A. in Brazil.
The company made a case study for business-management academics during the mid-1970s when it became employee-owned under an Employee Stock Ownership Plan model.
Later South Bend Lathe became a division of LeBlond Limited, which is part of the Makino corporation, a multinational machine tool–building firm.
In 2009, the brand was sold to Shiraz Balolia, founder of the machinery firms Grizzly Industrial Inc. and Woodstock International Inc.
Under LeBlond, South Bend Lathe produced precision machine tools, although it was not the giant of market share that it was during the 1920s through 1950s. The new owner, Balolia, planned to redevelop and manage the brand as one that appeals to the demand for high-end quality that many South Bend lathe enthusiasts share. A new line of South Bend brand machine tools is now sold through Grizzly dealers. Their niche in the manual-control machine tool market is what marketers sometimes term the "mass luxury" segment of a market, where low-end affordability blends into high-end desirability in a combination that buyers sense highest value. In South Bend Lathe's case, the affordability of machine tools from Taiwan or China mixes with the desirability of certain German and Japanese components (such as spindle bearings) and higher standards (compared to many Taiwanese or Chinese brands) in terms of tolerances, inspection, features, and rigidity.
U.S. Navy ships of different classes have South Bend lathes on board. NASA currently has at least one modern South Bend lathe in their equipment arsenal. The South Bend Lathe factory has been razed. A Notre Dame research facility is at that location.