OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ascaron

Ascaron Entertainment was a video game developer based in Germany. Founded as Ascon by Holger Flöttmann in 1991 and later renamed in October 1996 due to the possible confusion with the Swiss company Ascom AG, the company produced titles primarily for the PC until it became insolvent in 2009.

## Background and history

Ascaron had its headquarters in Gütersloh, a town in western Germany. It had a development studio in Aachen and an international office in Birmingham in the United Kingdom.
Ascaron had a particular focus on strategy and management games. Among its early successes were the Patrician series (a trading simulation) and the On the Ball series (a soccer team management simulation). More recently, the company had developed games such as Port Royale (a pirate/trading simulation game), Sacred (an RPG) and Darkstar One (a space combat simulation).
Ascaron was also known for publishing or distributing many games from smaller developers and publishers. Examples of games distributed by Ascaron in the UK include King's Bounty: The Legend, Audiosurf and several games in the TrackMania-series. The company distributed games from other European publishers, such as Nobilis (entreprise) [fr] and Focus Home Interactive.
In April 2009, the company was unable to pay its debts and went into administration, citing the extended development time of Sacred 2: Fallen Angel as the reason. The company continued trading in the hope that a solution could be found but was ultimately dissolved in July 2009, with Kalypso Media purchasing many of the licenses and assets from Ascaron Entertainment, with the notable exception of the licence for Sacred, which was acquired by Deep Silver (Germany). Gaming Minds Studios was then launched by Kalypso and former Ascaron employees. 15 former Ascaron developers joined the Gaming Minds Studios.
As of April 2010, Ascaron UK was still in operation, acting as a distributor for other publishers. Customers include Paradox Interactive.

## Games

* The Patrician (1992)
* On the Ball (original title: Anstoss) (1993)
* Hanse - Die Expedition (1994)
* Elisabeth I (1995)
* Pole Position (1996)
* On the Ball 2 (1997)
* Extreme 500 (1998)
* On the Ball 3 (2000)
* Patrician II (2000)
* On the Ball Action (2001)
* Ballerburg (2001)
* Big Scale Racing (2002)
* Patrician III: Rise of the Hanse (2002)
* Port Royale: Gold, Power and Pirates (2002)
* Hyper Rails (2003)
* Sacred (2004)
* Arena Wars (2004)
* Port Royale 2 (2004)
* Tortuga: Pirates of the New World (US title: Pirate Hunter) (2004)
* The Great Art Race (original title: Vermeer 2) (2004)
* Sacred Underworld (2005)
* DarkStar One (2006)
* Tortuga: Two Treasures (2007)
* Sacred 2: Fallen Angel (2008)
* World War One (2008)
# Roomzzz Aparthotels

Roomzzz Aparthotels is a hotel company based in Leeds, England. It has 10 sites across 8 cities, in the United Kingdom as of March 2024. Roomzzz has re-developed various historical buildings across the United Kingdom.
# Southwest Miramichi River

The Southwest Miramichi River is a river in New Brunswick, Canada.
The river has its origin in Carleton County, at Miramichi Lake in the Miramichi Highlands (a part of the Appalachian Mountains). Its two branches join near the hamlet of Juniper, Carleton County. Flowing initially southeast through heavy forests and large hills, the Southwest Miramichi River enters Northumberland County, is joined by the Taxis River at Boiestown then the larger volume flows northeast. The river is tidal below Renous-Quarryville. The Southwest Miramichi River joins the Northwest Miramichi River at Newcastle to form the Miramichi River.
The river is noted for Atlantic Salmon fishing. It is navigable by canoe throughout much of its length. Nearly every bend in the river, for example Push and Be Damned Rapids, has a distinctive name reflecting the importance of the river to fishermen, canoeists, and lumbermen.
It is sometimes referred to as the "Main Southwest Miramichi River" to distinguish it from the Little Southwest Miramichi River, a smaller, more northerly branch of the Miramichi River system. The Mi'kmaq referred to the river as Lustagoocheech, meaning "good little river" for canoeing.

## Tributaries

* North Branch Southwest Miramichi River
* South Branch Southwest Miramichi River
* Taxis River
* Cains River
* Bartholomew River
* Renous River
* Barnaby River
# 2014 Boys' Youth South American Volleyball Championship

The 2014 Boys' Youth South American Volleyball Championship was the 19th edition of the competition, organised by South America's governing volleyball body, the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). It was held in Paipa, Colombia. The top two teams qualified for the 2015 FIVB Boys Youth World Championship.

## First round

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR | Qualification |
| 1 | Brazil | 3 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 9 | 2 | 4.500 | 275 | 234 | 1.175 | Final |
| 2 | Argentina | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 2.667 | 266 | 223 | 1.193 | Final |
| 3 | Colombia | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 0.429 | 228 | 244 | 0.934 | 3rd place match |
| 4 | Chile | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0.111 | 180 | 248 | 0.726 | 3rd place match |
| Date | Time | | Score | | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total |
| 10 Sep | 17:00 | Brazil | 3–2 | Argentina | 25–27 | 24–26 | 25–19 | 29–27 | 15–13 | 118–112 |
| 10 Sep | 19:00 | Colombia | 3–1 | Chile | 25–22 | 25–22 | 23–25 | 25–14 | | 98–83 |
| 11 Sep | 17:00 | Chile | 0–3 | Brazil | 19–25 | 14–25 | 19–25 | | | 52–75 |
| 11 Sep | 19:00 | Argentina | 3–0 | Colombia | 25–19 | 29–27 | 25–14 | | | 79–60 |
| 12 Sep | 17:00 | Argentina | 3–0 | Chile | 25–18 | 25–15 | 25–12 | | | 75–45 |
| 12 Sep | 19:00 | Colombia | 0–3 | Brazil | 26–28 | 27–29 | 17–25 | | | 70–82 |

## Final round
### Classification 3-4

| Date | Time | | Score | | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| 13-Sep | 17:00 | Colombia | 1–3 | Chile | 27–29 | 22–25 | 25–17 | 23–25 | | 97–96 | |

### Final

| Date | Time | | Score | | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| 13-Sep | 19:00 | Brazil | 0–3 | Argentina | 21–25 | 23–25 | 23–25 | | | 67–75 | |

## Final standing

| Rank | Team |
| | Argentina |
| | Brazil |
| | Chile |
| 4 | Colombia |
* Qualified for the 2015 Youth World Championship
* 2014 Boys' Youth South American champions
* Argentina 3rd title

## All-Star Team

* Most valuable player
** Felipe Benavidez (ARG)
* Best setter
** Esteban Villareal (CHI)
* Best Opposite
** Pablo Moreno (COL)
* Best Outside Hitters
** Felipe Benavidez (ARG)
** Kaio Ribeiro (BRA)
* Best Middle Blockers
** Sergio Soria (ARG)
** Erick Costa (BRA)
* Best libero
** Rodrigo Michelon (ARG)
# Polar Geography

Polar Geography is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on the physical and human aspects of the Polar regions of Earth. It is published by Taylor & Francis and was established in 1977. From 1980 to 1994 it was known as Polar Geography and Geology.

## History

The journal was established in 1977 with the financial support of the National Science Foundation and in cooperation with the American Geographical Society "in an effort to fill part of the gap in the broad area of physical and human geography of the Arctic and Antarctic".
Founders included Theodore Shabad (Columbia University), who also became the journal's first editor-in-chief for 11 years, until his death in 1987, and Melvin G. Marcus (Arizona State University).
Originally the journal was published by Scripta Technica Inc. and later by Bellwether Publishing. It was acquired by Taylor & Francis in 2007. At its inception the journal was named Polar Geography, changed three years afterwards, in 1980, to Polar Geography and Geology. In 1995 the journal's name was changed back to the original one.
The journal's aim was to make important Soviet, Japanese, and West European research on the polar regions available in English. Subsequently, the journal's focus shifted to the north circumpolar region with emphasis on the Russian Arctic, publishing articles dealing with human as well as physical dimensions of Arctic and Subarctic environments.

### Editors-in-chief

The following persons have been editor-in-chief:
* 1977 - 1979: Theodore Shabad, (Columbia University)
* 1980 - 1983: Theodore Shabad and John T. Andrews (University of Colorado)
* 1983 - 1988: Theodore Shabad, William Barr (University of Saskatchewan)
* 1988 - 1993: William Barr, Harley J. Walker (Louisiana State University)
* 1994 (Vol 18, Issue 1): William Barr, Roger G. Barry (University of Colorado), Harley J. Walker
* 1994: Roger G. Barry, Harley J. Walker
* 1995 - 1998: Harald Finkler (Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Canada), Gail Fondhal, Kevin Hall, Greg Poelzer (latter three: University of Northern British Columbia)
* 1999 (Volume 23, Issue 1): Kees van der Veen (Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University)
* 1999 (Volume 23, Issue 2): Harald Finkler, Gail Fondhal, Kevin Hall, Greg Poelzer
* 1999 - 2005: Kees van der Veen
* 2006: (No issues published)
* 2007 - 2008: David R. Yesner (University of Alaska Anchorage)
* 2009 - 2011: Mark Carper (Northeastern State University)
* 2012 - 2015t: Tim Heleniak (Department of Geography, George Washington University)
* 2016 - present: Jessica Graybill (Department of Geography and Russian and Eurasian Studies Program, Colgate University)

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in ProQuest.
# Acmaeodera lupinae

Acmaeodera lupinae is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in North America.
# Snow snake (folklore)

In American folklore, the snow snake is a fearsome critter that, unlike other reptiles, can live in cold temperatures and is only active during winter months.

## Standard depiction

As with any subject of folklore, details about the snow snake vary depending on the storyteller. However, most accounts purport that the snow snake is a highly venomous, white-colored serpent that lives in the snow. Occasional details have been offered regarding the eyes of a snow snake such as them being blue or pink in color. The snow snake's white coloration is said to make the animal nearly indiscernible to any observer against freshly laid snow. Hence, snow snakes held a prominent place in regional practical jokes played on those unfamiliar with the outdoors. Habitually, unexplained markings in the snow were attributed to snow snakes as part of the joke. The name snow snake may have been derived from a Native American winter sport of the same name.

## Variations

Author J. E. Rockwell in a 1910 article entitled, "Some Lumberjack Myths," published in The Outer's Book, a nature journal, makes express mention of snow snakes but describes them as freezing in the winter time rather than thriving in it. Rockwell adds that lumberjacks after felling timber would place the logs onto the backs of frozen snow snakes. Subsequently, when the snakes would thaw out, in the spring, they moved to river for a drink inadvertently carrying the logs where they might be driven down river to the saw mills. Rockwell's account is unique, as no other known source deviates from the snow snake's proneness to cold. Another deviation comes in the form of the "shovel-tailed snow snake." This iteration is featured on a postcard advertising the "Friendly" Buckhorn Tavern in Rice Lake, Wisconsin. This establishment was known for showcasing fearsome critters often created through taxidermy. The pictured image displays a snake-like effigy, looking as if carved from a tree branch, with speckled patches: the body terminating in a spade-shaped growth.
# Bursera filicifolia

Bursera filicifolia is an uncommon North American species of trees in the Frankincense Family in the soapwood order. It has been found only in the States of Sonora and Baja California Sur in northwestern Mexico.
Bursera filicifolia is a shrub or small tree with gray bark unlike the red bark of the closely related B. laxiflora. Leaves are pinnately compound with 9-19 leaflets, hairy on both sides. Drupes are hairless and egg-shaped.
# Ascarina diffusa

Ascarina diffusa is a species of flowering plant in the family Chloranthaceae. It is native to the tropical Pacific, ranging from the Bismarck Archipelago through the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, and the Samoan Islands to the Cook Islands.
On Rarotonga in the Cook Islands, Ascarina diffusa is a characteristic tree of cloud forests above 400 meters elevation, becoming dominant or co-dominant with Metrosideros collina in higher and wetter cloud forest areas.
# Second Toafa Ministry

The Second Toafa Ministry was the 12th ministry of the Government of Tuvalu, led by Prime Minister Maatia Toafa.
It succeeded the Ielemia Ministry, which was voted out of office after the 2010 election.
The Second Toafa Ministry was sworn in by Governor-General Sir Iakoba Italeli on 29 September 2010. However the ministry had a short term in office as the Prime Minister and his ministry was brought down by the opposition's vote of no confidence, and as a result, was succeeded by the Telavi Ministry, led by Willy Telavi, who was appointed as prime minister on 24 December 2010 after crossing the floor to bring down the government.

## Cabinet

| Officeholder | Office(s) |
| Maatia Toafa MP | Prime Minister |
| Enele Sopoaga MP | Deputy Prime Minister Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Environment and Labour |
| Namoliki Sualiki MP | Minister for Education, Youth and Sport |
| Taukelina Finikaso MP | Minister of Communication, Transport and Fisheries |
| Monise Laafai MP | Minister of Finance |
| Fauoa Maani MP | Minister for Health |
| Vete Sakaio MP | Minister for Works and Natural Resources |
| Willy Telavi MP | Minister for Home Affairs |
# Ron Harris

Ron or Ronnie or Ronald Harris may refer to:

## Sports

* Ron Harris (Australian footballer) (1924–2006), played for Hawthorn in the VFL
* Ron Harris (English footballer) (born 1944), 1960s-1970s English footballer
* Ron Harris, one of the two American professional wrestlers who wrestled as The Harris Brothers
* Ron Harris (ice hockey) (born 1942), former ice hockey player
* Ronnie Harris (American boxer, born 1948), American lightweight boxer; 1968 Olympic gold medalist
* Ronald Allen Harris (1947–1980), American lightweight boxer; 1964 Olympic bronze medalist
* Ronnie Harris (American football) (born 1970), former professional American football player
* Ronnie Harris (sprinter) (born 1956), American former sprinter

## Others

* Ronald Dale Harris (born 1956), former computer programmer for the Nevada Gaming Control Board
* Ron Harris (photographer) (1933–2017), nude photographer
* Ronnie Harris (singer) (born c. 1928), British singer
* Ron Harris, a detective character from the TV show Barney Miller
# Paolo Antonio Soderini

Paolo Antonio Soderini (1448 — after 1500) was a noble Florentine jurist active in the anti-Medicean Florentine republic, who spent some years resident at Rome.
He was the older brother of the statesman Piero Soderini, who was exiled at the return of the Medici in 1512; a third brother was Cardinal Francesco Soderini, bishop of Volterra. Like Piero he had been a pupil of Marsilio Ficino at his informal "academy", patronized by the Medici, but when Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici fled from Florence in 1494, he declared at once in favour of the revived Florentine republic and served as Florentine Ambassador to Venice. Philippe de Commines, unsympathetic to his policy, declared him, nevertheless, "one of the wisest statesmen in all Italy". On his return he was elected gonfaloniere of justice in 1497. The institution of a Grand Council in republican Florence, on the Venetian model, was largely on his initiative. As republican supporters of Savonarola and the populist party, he shared his brother's exile when the radical friar was arrested.
In Rome he established himself in a house and garden close to Castel Sant'Angelo, where he undertook some informal excavations and assembled a notable collection of antiquities, including Roman sculpture (including the Menelaus supporting the body of Patroclus that passed from his heir to the Medici and can be seen today in Loggia dei Lanzi, Florence) and inscriptions.
# Acmaeodera miliaris

Acmaeodera miliaris is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Snow socks

Snow socks (also known as auto socks) are textile alternatives to snow chains. Snow sock devices wrap around the tires of a vehicle to increase traction on snow and ice. Snow socks are normally composed of a woven fabric with an elastomer attached to the inner and/or outer edge. The woven fabric covers the tire tread and is the contact point between the vehicle and the road. The elastomer keeps the snow sock in place and facilitates with installation. Some snow sock models have an additional component that covers the rim of the tire, which prevents snow or debris from gathering between the tread of the tire and the inner side of the woven fabric.

## Sizing and deployment

Snow socks are sold in pairs and come in sizes that are specific to a range of tire codes. Snow sock sizes are available for different motor vehicle classes, but most snow sock brands focus on cars and pickup trucks rather than semi-trailer trucks or larger vehicles. Since the largest variation of snow socks is in the market for cars and pickup trucks, wide or low-profile tires are often covered. Buses, semi-trailer trucks or larger vehicles require snow sock models that can support the heavier axle load and larger wheel dimensions. Some brands also offer snow socks for specialized vehicles such as forklifts or airport ground support equipment (e.g. pushback tugs or loaders).
Driving with snow socks usually reduces the maximum allowable speed to between 30 km/h (20 mph) and 50 km/h (30 mph) depending on the snow sock brand, snow sock size and vehicle class. These restrictions are normally stated in the product's or vehicle's owner’s manual. Neither snow socks nor snow chains are considered direct substitutes to snow tires.

## Legality of use

During inclement weather, regions may invoke snow chain laws as a precautionary measure. Snow socks are generally not considered a legal equivalent to snow chains, though some brands are individually approved.
If snow chains are prohibited, snow socks without metal components may be permitted. This depends on local legislature.

## Textile snow socks

This is a cover in textile that covers the tire and insulates the tire from snow. They do not disturb safety systems (ABS, ESP) or damage aluminum rims.
One important component is polyester. The fibres absorb the water and improve grip. They have been used safely up to 50 km/h (30 mph).

## Snow socks made of composite materials

Michelin manufactures a composite snow sock called Easy Grip. It is coupled with an inner elastic band to facilitate installation. To strengthen the tread and maximize road holding there are 150 galvanised steel rings.

## Benefits of snow socks

Snow socks offer added benefit in that they do not disturb the safety systems on a vehicle such as ESP or ABS. Snow socks with a high polyester count absorb more surface water from the road improving grip and allowing driving at speeds up to 50 km/h (30 mph).
# Bulgarian Land Army

The Bulgarian Land Army (1810–1812) was part of the Russian army. It was formed by volunteers in 1810 during the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) and consisted of 3,000 people in the form of Brigade. After the Treaty of Bucharest (1812) the Bulgarian army was transformed into a Battalion of 400 people and took part in the coverage of the French invasion of Russia and participated in the Battle of Borodino and in the Battle of Leipzig, and at the end of the war entered Paris. The army emerged immediately after the Ottoman coups of 1807–1808. During the ensuing Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) the Bulgarian volunteers were led by Ivan Liprandi.
# Ascosubramania

Ascosubramania is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ascosubramania melanographoides.
# Thatchchanthoppu

Thatchchanthoppu is a small town in Sri Lanka, located within the Northern Province.
# Pakovraće

Pakovraće is a village in the municipality of Čačak, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 479 people.
# Paolo Antonio Barbieri

Paolo Antonio Barbieri (1603–1649) was an Italian painter who was the brother of Guercino. He was born at Cento, a village near Bologna. The subjects of his pictures are flowers, fruit, and game, but he particularly excelled in painting fish, which he represented with astonishing fidelity.

## Biography

Paolo was born in Cento, near Bologna, in 1603.
He devoted himself to painting under the guidance of his brother, who sometimes added figures to his paintings, such as the figure of the fisherman in a still life of fish, or that of the gardener in a fruit composition. From the school of Guercino, he learnt to use chiaroscuro and the vivacity of color, but – following a natural inclination – he dedicated himself to the "minor" genre of naturalistic painting, portraying landscapes, objects of common life, animals, flowers, fruit and still lifes, with a marked taste of composition and color. The delicate trait and the striking vividness of his paintings brought him considerable fame.
In 1649, Paolo died prematurely in Bologna. His brother Guercino mourned his premature death. According to his diary, more than forty works belonged to him: some in the Galleria Costabili in Ferrara (two paintings of hunting with live and dead animals, and three of fruit and game), others in Cento (Tiazzi house, Municipal Art Gallery), in Modena (Galleria Campori and Galleria Coccapani), in Bologna (Pinacoteca, Gualandi collection) and in Rome (a painting in the Galleria Corsini).