OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter Stiff

Peter Stiff (8 September 1933 – 27 April 2016) was a London-born South African best-selling author of both fiction and non fiction.

## Biography

Peter lived in Rhodesia for 28 years and served as a regular policeman for 20 years in the elite British South Africa Police, from which he retired as a superintendent in 1972. He moved to South Africa in 1980 after the fall of Rhodesia and the rise of Robert Mugabe and his ZANU-PF.
Peter was specialized in contemporary warfare and politics in the southern African sub-continent and authored books extensively on the bush war in the former Rhodesia, the ongoing conflict in Angola and the Namibian bush war, on the collapse of Portuguese power in Angola and Mozambique and much else as well.

## Books

* The Rain Goddess: Set in the war-torn area of Rhodesia's (before 1966, Southern Rhodesia; now Zimbabwe) North-East border, a region which the Rhodesian military staff called "Hurricane", the story takes place during the mid-1960s to early 1970s, as the British South Africa Police fight against communist-backed guerillas. These guerrillas use torture and violence to intimidate African tribesmen into joining their cause. The Rhodesian Security forces fight to keep a fragile peace that is governed by force of arms, as well as by the tribesmens' faith in the predictions of their spirit medium. This medium is said to be able to communicate with the spirit of the Rain Goddess. While the book was originally written as fiction, many of the events in the book are taken from actual events with some names of persons and places changed.
* Selous Scouts: Top Secret War
* See you in November
* The Covert War
* Taming the Landmine
* Nine Days of War
* The Silent War: South African Recce Operations 1969–1994
* Cry Zimbabwe: Independence – Twenty Years on
* Warfare by Other Means: South Africa in the 1980s and 1990s
# Samuel Różycki

Samuel Różycki (1781 – 1834) was an officer in the Polish Legions of the Napoleonic period, then in the army of the Duchy of Warsaw and later of Congress Poland.

## Early life

Born on 19 June 1781 in Bosowice, he was orphaned at a young age and supervised in his studies by a guardian.

## Career

He joined the insurgents during the November Uprising and was one of its generals. He emigrated after its failure, first to France, then to Switzerland (he died in Bern).
He was awarded the Gold Cross of the Virtuti Militari, Cavalier of the Legion of Honour, Order of St. Stanislaus.
# Samuel Rösch

Samuel Rösch (born 24 August 1994) is a German singer. He appeared on and won the eighth season of The Voice of Germany.
# Peter Voss

Peter Voss, sometimes misspelled as Foss, Vost or Vast (December 18, 1897 – 1976), was an SS-Oberscharführer, known for his role as a commander of the crematoria and gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau, buildings which were used to gas and burn some 900,000 of the 1.1 million people that were murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau in Nazi-occupied Poland.

## Life

Voss was born in Flensburg, Germany. During the spring and early summer of 1943, the four crematoria at Auschwitz-Birkenau became operational. It was this time that Voss became their commander, thus becoming the first of three people who would be in charge of all four Birkenau crematoria during the history of the camp. Subsequent commanders were SS-Oberscharführer Eric Muhsfeldt and SS-Hauptscharführer Otto Moll.
Voss is frequently mentioned in the memoirs of Sonderkommando member Filip Müller. Müller described him as a stocky man of medium height, with a small, slightly hooked nose and a weakness for alcohol, stating that he displayed "neither the fanaticism nor the zeal" of Otto Moll. Müller stated that Voss' SS training had turned him into an "uncritical and willing tool rather than a fanatically cruel exterminator", and offers the analogy that Voss has two personalities: one where he could be "high-spirited, laughing and joking and talking about trivial things", and another where he would be completely indifferent to "shooting men, women and children one after the other" when required of him.
Müller disclosed that another of Voss' weaknesses was valuables such as gold, diamonds, and currency: these could be sewn into discreet places in his uniform under the pretence that if he left it with a tailor from the Sonderkommando while he was on leave, it would be repaired. According to Müller, Voss knew what was going on, but such behaviour was common among SS men: they were willing to turn a blind eye as long as there was no risk to themselves.

## Hungarian action

Voss' tenure ended on May 9, 1944, when SS-Obersturmbannführer Rudolf Höss, beginning his second tour of duty as camp commandant, appointed Otto Moll as chief of the crematoria in preparation for the arrival and destruction of the Jews of Hungary. Voss was placed in charge of Crematoria IV and V.
He died in 1976.
# Libyan War

Libyan War may refer to:
* Mercenary War (241–238 BCE)
* Tripolitanian civil war (1793–1795)
* Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912)
* First Libyan Civil War (2011)
* 2011 military intervention in Libya
* Second Libyan Civil War (2014–2020)
# Petr Blecha

Petr Blecha (born 24 April 1970) is a Czech rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Myriostigma

Myriostigma is a genus of lichens in the family Arthoniaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist August von Krempelhuber in 1874.
Characteristics of Myriostigma include the raised maculate (spots), ascomata-like fertile areas, asci that are 8-spored, thick-walled, globular and stalked, and ascospores that are hyaline, bean-shaped, and muriform (divided into chambers by septa).

## Species

As of July 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts nine species of Myriostigma.
* Myriostigma candidum Kremp. (1874)
* Myriostigma filicinum (Ellis & Everh.) Frisch & G.Thor (2014)
* Myriostigma irregulare (Lücking, Aptroot, Kalb & Elix) Frisch & G.Thor (2014)
* Myriostigma miniatum (Vain. ex Lücking) Aptroot, Ertz, Grube & M.Cáceres (2015)
* Myriostigma minisorediatum Aptroot, L.A.Santos & M.Cáceres (2024) – Brazil
* Myriostigma napoense (Kalb & Jonitz) Kukwa (2015)
* Myriostigma nicobaricum Jagadeesh & G.P.Sinha (2016) – India
* Myriostigma subcandidum (M.Cáceres & Lücking) Frisch & G.Thor (2014)
* Myriostigma xanthominiatum Aptroot & M.F.Souza (2021) – Brazil
* Myriostigma xanthonicum Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2018) – Brazil
The species once known as Myriostigma guatteriae G.Arnaud (1925) is now Myriostigmella guatteriae.
# Kafja e Madhe

Kafja e Madhe is an old restaurant located in the city of Shkodër, Albania. The building is listed as a monument of architecture by the Institute of Monuments for Albania. In the first half of the 20th century, the restaurant was regarded as part of the luxury life of the city.

## History

The construction of the building was started by the Ashik family in 1920. Under unknown circumstances, the building was sold to the Luka family some time afterwards. After 1945, the building – like the majority of commercial venues of Shkodër – was transferred to state ownership. regardless, it managed to keep its original purpose as a restaurant, bar, and hotel. In 1960 the building was declared a cultural monument of architecture. The building was professionally restored in 1987–1988, in spite of the bad economic situation in the country at the time. Although by 1992 it stopped being used as a restaurant, and a casino started operating here, reportedly until 1997.

## Current status

As of 2013, the building is unoccupied and awaits total restoration.
# Amalia Heller

Amalia del Carmen Heller Gómez (born 13 April 1951) is a Venezuelan broadcaster, entertainer and beauty pageant titleholder known for her participation at Miss Venezuela 1972 and represented her country at Miss World 1972.

## Biography

Amalia Heller was born on 13 April 1951 in Caracas, Venezuela. She had already won some competitions in the locality of Caracas by the age of six. At the age of 14, she embarked on a cruise on the Caribbean Sea. While on this trip, she met Osmel Sousa at a party she and her brother attended, and Sousa invited Heller to participate in Miss Venezuela. She would, and appeared at Miss Venezuela 1972 representing the State of Sucre and, despite being the most promoted contestant, placed as the first runner-up. That year, she traveled to London to compete in Miss World 1972 on 1 December 1972, in the process rooming with and befriend Lynda Carter (who four years later would play Wonder Woman in the TV series of the same name), but did not place. In 1974, she married Leonardo Ron Pedrique and they had two children, Salomón Leonardo and Miguel Alejandro.
Heller worked as a radio show host on La Nueva Magica 99.1fm and became president of the company until the radio station was shut down by the National Commission of Telecommunications (CONATEL) over political disagreements.

## Citations

* ↑ "Miss Mundo, Amalia Heller" (in Spanish). Bellzacol. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
* ↑ "LA MAGIA DE AMALIA HELLER" (in Spanish). La Nueva Magica. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
* ↑ Pico, Luis (7 September 2017). ""Firme aquí y apague la radio": la orden que sacó del aire a Mágica 99.1". El Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 November 2017.
* ↑ Sánchez Amaya, Humberto (30 August 2017). "El viernes se puso en pausa la familiaridad de 99.1". La Nacional (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 November 2017.
# Nora Groce

Nora Ellen Groce is an anthropologist, global health expert and Director of the Disability Research Centre at University College London. She is known for her work on vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries and in particular for her work on people with disabilities in the developing world. Her doctoral dissertation, published by Harvard University Press in 1985, Everyone Here Spoke Sign Language: Hereditary Deafness on Martha’s Vineyard, is considered a classic work in the disability studies and ethnographic literatures.
An undergraduate major in anthropology at the University of Michigan (1974), she received her PhD in medical anthropology from Brown University and then served as Research Fellow at the Harvard University Medical School from 1984 to 1990. She joined the faculty of the Yale School of Public Health from 1991 to 2008, rising to the rank of associate professor. In 2008 she left the Yale School of Public Health to take the Leonard Cheshire Chair and become director of the Leonard Cheshire Disability Research Centre at the University College of London.
Groce has undertaken applied research on subjects such as poverty and disability, domestic violence, the impact of the HIV/AIDS on people with disabilities, disabled populations’ access to health care and social justice. Among her most recent work is her publication on disabled street beggars in Ethiopia (2013), and on the emerging issue of Global disabilities for the Lancet (2018). Author of over 250 journal articles, books and reports, she is a regular adviser for UN agencies, national governments and non-governmental organisations. She sits on a number of scientific advisory panels and review boards.
Groce is also known for her teaching and mentoring. While a research scientist at Harvard she regularly taught medical anthropology and international health courses. Working with Professor Lowell Levin, she helped establish and run the Global Health Division at the Yale School of Public Health in 1991, teaching a number of courses on global health, international development and social justice.

## Notable works

* Groce, Nora Ellen (1985). Everyone Here Spoke Sign Language: Hereditary Deafness on Martha's Vineyard. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-27041-X. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
* Groce N. 2018. Global Disability: An emerging issue. Lancet Global Health: 6:7:724-725
# Robert Zotoumbat

Robert Zotoumbat (born 19 September 1944 in Mékambo, Gabon; died 22 April 2017 in Libreville) was a Gabonese writer, often regarded as either the first Gabonese novelist or a precursor of Gabonese novels.

## Biography

Robert Zotoumbat was born on 19 September 1944 in Mékambo, Gabon. After completing his studies, he became an English teacher and later took on administrative roles within private Protestant education as the director of secondary education. In 1971, he published Histoire d'un enfant trouvé. This 58-page autobiographical account tells the story of Ngoye, a child orphaned by famine in 1905. As a "moana-wa-za," or "child of the famine," Ngoye is adopted by a wealthy merchant, Mboula, but is mistreated by Mboula's wife, who acts like a wicked stepmother. Ngoye embarks on a quest to learn about his origins. Histoire d'un enfant trouvé is frequently considered the first Gabonese novel by some specialists in African literary history and the media. Robert Zotoumbat passed away in 2017. Jean-Léonard Nguéma Ondo, in an article on the history of the Gabonese novel, refers to him as "the precursor of the Gabonese novel and its successors from the 1980s generation."

## Work

The literary genre of Histoire d'un enfant trouvé is subject to debate, with several specialists disputing its status as a novel. Ludovic Emane Obiang notes that the text vacillates between the genre of a short story and a tale but considers that, despite its weaknesses, it is the first Gabonese text resembling a novel. Nguéma Ondo argues that the text uses more techniques from the tale genre.

### Works

* 1971: Histoire d'un enfant trouvé. Yaoundé, Éditions CLE. Reissued in Libreville, Gabon, Maison gabonaise du livre, 2007.
# R90

R90 may refer to:
* ECE Regulation 90, concerning vehicle brake linings
* HMS Cheviot (R90), a destroyer of the Royal Navy
* Romano R.90, a prototype French fighter aircraft
* Ruschmeyer R 90, a German civil utility aircraft
* Toyota Noah (R90), a minivan
# Surfing in Turkey

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] Surfing is a growing sport in Turkey, which offers surfers a variety of wave conditions. The Mediterranean Sea on the south coast provides warm water and consistent waves, while the Black Sea on the north coast offers wind-generated swells.

## Wave Conditions

Waves in Turkey tend to be shorter than ocean waves, with an average swell period of 6-7 seconds. However, swells can reach up to 11-12 seconds in some areas.

## Southern Turkey (Mediterranean)

The Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey is a popular destination for winter surfing due to several factors:
* Warm water temperatures (averaging 65-70°F in winter)
* Consistent waves, particularly in Alanya
* Lower tourist activity and accommodation prices in winter
Alanya is a particularly popular surf spot, with waves reaching up to 20 feet during the winter and spring months. The waves here tend to come from the south, southeast, or east-southeast, with southeast swells producing longer rides.
* Damlatas Beach offers hollow tubing waves, ideal for experienced surfers.
* Keykubat Beach offers a variety of waves suitable for both beginners and experienced surfers, with wave heights ranging from 1 to 12 feet.

## Northern Turkey (Black Sea)

The Black Sea also offers surfable waves, with heights ranging from 1 to 12 feet. Surfing in the Black Sea is less developed than in the Mediterranean, but a small community of local surfers exists.

## History of Surfing in Turkey

The history of modern surfing in Turkey can be traced back to the efforts of Tunc Ucyildiz and the Turkish American Sports Club. Ucyildiz organized the first National Surfing Championship in Istanbul and represented Turkey in the ISA World Surfing Games in 2013.

## Body Surfing

Body surfing, a traditional activity known as "viya," has existed in Turkey since the Ottoman Empire, particularly in the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions. This tradition continues to this day.
# Academic Earth

Academic Earth is a website launched on March 24, 2009, by Richard Ludlow and co-founders Chris Bruner and Liam Pisano, which offers free online video courses and academic lectures from the world's top universities such as UC Berkeley, UCLA, University of Michigan, University of Oxford, Harvard, MIT, Princeton, Stanford, and Yale. It is considered a search engine for full-text scholarly information, with video courses covering around 50 primary subject disciplines ranging from Arts and Design, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Economics, Engineering, English, Entrepreneurship, History, Humanities, Law, Mathematics, Medicine, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, Psychology, Religion, and Statistics.

## History

The idea behind Academic Earth came to Ludlow upon stumbling on a full video course lecture from MIT Mathematics Professor Gilbert Strang. Doing further research, he found out that there are various academic resources online, although these resources were scattered across different websites and in varying file formats. Patterned after Hulu, Academic Earth serves as an easily accessible repository for online academic lectures. The platform is also likened to what Google was trying to do with its defunct Knol project, which aggregated scholarly articles. It was launched two days before YouTube introduced its own YouTube EDU service.
The website also offers online courses, but unlike their formal versions, Academic Earth only publishes sorted video courses and sends users to the academic institutions offering them if they wish to complete it. Participants also have little interaction with educators and with each other.
On January 10, 2012, it was announced that Academic Earth has been acquired by Ampush.
# Amritchandra

Amritchandra (f. 10th-century CE) was a Digambara Jain Acharya who wrote commentaries on Samayasāra called Atmakhyati and Samaysar Kalasha, Pravachanasara and Pancastikayasara. He also wrote independent books of Puruşārthasiddhyupāya and Tattvartha Sara. He wrote in Sanskrit language.
# Kallon

Kallon is a surname of Sierra Leone, most notable is the Kallon footballer family.
* Mohamed Kallon, youngest of the three, played at Internazionale, Monaco
** Kemokai Kallon, Sierra Leonean footballer, brother of Mohamed
** Musa Kallon, Sierra Leonean footballer, brother of Mohamed
** Kallon F.C., founded by Mohamed Kallon
* Abdul Kallon, American lawyer
* Morris Kallon, former Sierra Leonean rebel military commander
* Varney Kallon (born 1975), Liberian footballer
# Kalevi Kivistö

Kalevi Johannes Kivistö (born 25 March 1941) is a Finnish politician. He was a Member of the Parliament of Finland for the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL) 1972–1984, the Deputy Minister of Education 1975–1976 and 1977–1982, and the Minister of Education 1982. Kivistö was also the chairman of the SKDL 1979–1985 and the Governor of Central Finland Province 1985–1997. He ran for the President of Finland in the 1982 and 1988 elections.
Kivistö graduated as a teacher from the University of Jyväskylä in 1966 and studied social science in the University of Helsinki graduating in 1969. In 1964–1984, Kivistö was a teacher and professor in the University of Jyväskylä. After his governor's term, Kivistö worked in the Ministry of Education 1997–2004.
As the SKDL was dissolved in 1990, Kivistö joined its successor Left Alliance. He was a member of the Espoo City Council 2008–2017.
# Anaxarcha graminea

Anaxarcha graminea is a species of praying mantis found in India and Malaysia.
# 2020 Villanova Wildcats football team

The 2020 Villanova Wildcats football team represented Villanova University in the 2020–21 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by fourth-year head coach Mark Ferrante and played their home games at Villanova Stadium. They competed as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association.
On July 17, 2020, the Colonial Athletic Association announced that it would not play fall sports due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the conference is allowing the option for teams to play as independents for the 2020 season if they still wish to play in the fall.

## Schedule

Villanova had games scheduled against Lehigh (September 3) and Bucknell (September 12), but canceled these games on July 13 due to the Patriot League's decision to cancel fall sports due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CAA released its spring conference schedule on October 27, 2020.
| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result |
| March 6, 2021 | 12:00 p.m. | at Stony Brook | No. 5 | Kenneth P. LaValle StadiumStony Brook, NY | FloFootball | W 16–13 |
| March 13, 2021 | 1:00 p.m. | Rhode Island | No. 6 | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | FloFootball | L 37–40 $^{OT}$ |
| March 27, 2021 | 1:00 p.m. | No. 24 New Hampshire | No. 16 | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | FloFootball | Canceled |
| April 3, 2021 | 12:00 p.m. | at Maine | No. 16 | Alfond StadiumOrono, ME | FloFootball | W 44–17 |
| April 10, 2021 | 1:00 p.m. | at Albany | No. 11 | Bob Ford Field at Tom & Mary Casey StadiumAlbany, NY | FloFootball | Canceled |
| April 17, 2021 | 1:00 p.m. | No. 7 Delaware | No. 10 | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA (Battle of the Blue) | FloFootball | L 20–27 |
| Rankings from STATS Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time ||||||||
# Kalmus

Kalmus is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ain Kalmus (1906–2001), Estonian writer and theologian
* Alfred Kalmus (1889-1972), Austrian-British music publisher
* Edwin F. Kalmus (1893-1989), American music publisher
* George Kalmus (born 1935), British particle physicist
* Herbert Kalmus (1881-1963), American scientist and engineer
* Marion Kalmus, British artist
* Natalie Kalmus (1882-1965), American Technicolor color supervisor
* Peter Kalmus (artist) (born 1953), Slovak artist and activist
* Peter Kalmus (climate scientist) (born 1974), American climate scientist
* Peter Kalmus (physicist) (born 1933), British particle physicist
# Jimmy Wheeler (footballer)

James Wheeler (21 December 1933 – 20 February 2020) was an English footballer. He played as striker for Reading where he played 406 league games, scoring 147 goals. He later became a coach at Reading and then manager of Bradford City.

## Playing career

Wheeler had a prominent career in schoolboy football and two years as an amateur at Spartan League side Huntley & Palmers. He moved to hometown club Reading where he played for 16 years, scoring 147 goals in 406 league games. He was the club's top scorer for three successive seasons from 1958–59 to 1960–61. He broke his leg at Barnsley in September 1964, which effectively ended his league career. He continued to play and coach Reading reserves and became assistant manager of the club to Roy Bentley.

## Managerial career

Wheeler joined Bradford City as manager in June 1968. He was the first full-time manager since the death of Grenville Hair in training in March 1968, with coach Jim McAnearney and captain Tom Hallett taking over first-time duties in the intermediate period. Wheeler had instant success at Valley Parade and secured promotion from Division Four in 1968–69 which included a record-breaking sequence of 21 games without defeat to come fourth.
The following season started well but results tailed off and the team came 10th in Division Three. Wheeler had been booked just once during his 16-year playing career, but on 6 December 1969 in an FA Cup tie at home to Lincoln City he fell foul of the FA during a touchline outburst. Wheeler was fined £35 and censured and instead had a direct telephone line installed between his seat in the stand and the bench.
In the 1970–71 season, City escaped relegation by just a point with Wheeler's former team Reading occupying the final relegation spot. By the start of the following season, results failed to improve and Wheeler resigned after the fans turned against him.
# Anaphosia pectinata

Anaphosia pectinata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Hampson in 1910. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.