OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pierre-Mathurin Gillet

Pierre-Mathurin Gillet (sometimes referred to as 'René Mathurin Gillet') (28 June 1762, Lanrelas, near Broons - 4 November 1795, Paris) was a French politician. Before the French Revolution he was a lawyer at Rochefort-en-Terre.
In 1790 the young Gillet was sent by the electors of Rochefort to the assembly of Pontivy and in May of the same year he was elected to a position in the administration of the newly created département of Morbihan. On 5 September 1791 Gillet was elected as an alternate deputy to the National Legislative Assembly but he was never called on to take a seat. Seven days later he was appointed procureur-général-syndic of Morbihan, making him, at 25, the highest-ranking local political figure.
On 9 September 1792 he was elected to the National Convention, coming sixth out of eight deputies elected. At just over 26 he was one of the youngest Convention members. He generally followed a moderate line, sitting with the Plain while having a number of Girondin acquaintances. During the trial of Louis XVI he voted against an appeal to the people and then in favour of the king's detention until peace was restored. However he refused to grant a reprieve on the death sentence once it was decided.

## Représentant en mission

Gillet was sent as a représentant en mission to the western départements in the Spring of 1793. He dismissed administrators and arrested judges. From Lorient he opposed the Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 but did not sign the protest petition, which saved him from arrest later. In June he was at Nantes with Merlin de Douai when the Vendéan rebels laid siege to the city. On 20 June the Vendean commanders, including Cathelineau offered to allow the Republican forces to withdraw with honour if they sent over the Convention deputies as hostages. Gillet and Merlin de Douai attempted to flee, but the citizens cut the reins of their carriages, forcing them to stay. After the siege was lifted, Gillet dismissed General Beysser, attacked Baco, the mayor of Nantes, and demanded the recall of Jean-Baptiste Carrier.
He accompanied the Republican armies in the Vendée, before being sent to the Army of the Moselle in 1794. There he denounced a conspiracy in the 17th demi-brigade and followed the army into Hainaut. On 8 Messidor Year II (26 June 1794) he was present at the battle of Fleurus. He was still on mission when Robespierre was overthrown, and quickly rallied behind the new government.

## After Thermidor

On 18 Germinal Year III (7 April 1795) he joined the Committee of Public Safety. Although his attendance was sporadic, he was in charge of military supplies. During the Revolt of 1 Prairial Year III he directed the led the forces that put down the uprising. He left the committee on 15 Messidor (3 July).
On 21 Vendémiaire Year IV (13 October 1795), Gillet was elected from Morbihan to the Council of Five Hundred. His term of office began on 4 Brumaire (26 October) but he never took his seat. He fell ill, exhausted after two years of work to support the Republic, and died on 13 Brumaire (4 November 1795) at the age of 33.
# Meroctena dichocrosialis

Meroctena dichocrosialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1899. It is found in Bali, Indonesia.
# Samantha Harris (disambiguation)

Samantha Harris (born 1973) is an American TV presenter.
Samantha Harris may also refer to:
* Samantha Harris (model) (born 1990), Australian fashion model
* Samantha Harris, fictional character in the film Comedown
# Scaphyglottis modesta

Scaphyglottis modesta is a species of orchid native to the Neotropics. Habitats it is found in include the Atlantic Forest ecoregion in southeastern Brazil.
# Lynda Ghazzali

Lynda Ghazzali (born in Sarawak, Malaysia) is an entrepreneur and a porcelain painter.
Ghazzali graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. She has been dubbed the “Queen of Porcelain” in Malaysia for her work in producing a vast collection of hand-painted porcelain pieces such as vases and plates. In 2011, she held a private exhibition of her artworks attended by high-profile personalities including members of Malaysian and foreign royalty.
In 2010, she founded The Women's Forum Malaysia, a platform for women of different backgrounds to share personal experiences and success stories, where she is a host and speaker.
She is married to a Tunisian-French, Dato’ Ali Ghazzali, thus taking on the honorific title of Datin, as the wife of a title holder.

## Career

Lynda previously held the role of Chief Executive Officer at Mabkon Securities Limited in the United Kingdom.
She is the founder of Hawa Ghazzali Collections specializing in jewellery made of Murano glass beads and silver. The business also includes the Hawa Ghazzali Haute Couture line of caftans designed by Lynda. In 2013, Lynda launched three Hawa Ghazzali Collections outlets in Kuala Lumpur.
# Morris Eaves

Morris Eaves (1944 – February 25, 2024) was an American scholar of British literature and Digital Humanities, and Richard L. Turner Professor of the Humanities, at the University of Rochester, where he taught from 1986 until his death in 2024. A specialist in the poetry of William Blake, he developed a digital resource in collaboration with two other scholars - the William Blake Archive - in the mid-1990s; the resource was awarded the Distinguished Scholarly Edition prize of the Modern Language Association in 2004. This project made the distinctive interactions between image, text, and color in Blake's prints accessible to scholars around the world; he also edited the journal Blake Quarterly for many years. He earned a Ph.D. in English from Tulane University in 1972, after undergraduate work at Long Island University. His research was supported by the Mellon Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the National Humanities Center. He worked at the University of Rochester after twelve years at the University of New Mexico; once at Rochester, he served the English department as chair from 1988 to 1996. Eaves died on February 25, 2024, at the age of 79.
# Magrane (surname)

Magrane is a surname. It is a variant of MacGrane or McGrane, which derives from MagRaighne, which devolves to "Mag" (son of) and "Rayne", a hypocorism of Raghnall or Reginald.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Patrick Byrne Magrane (1852–1933), Irish-American businessman
* Joe Magrane (born 1964), American baseball player and broadcaster
* Shannon Magrane (born 1995), American singer
# Liu Xianping

Liu Xianping 刘先平 (1938 – 10 January 2022) was a Chinese writer, best known for writing ecological literature (green literature), and children's books. He was known as the Father of Modern Nature Writing in China.

## Life and career

Liu was born in Feidong, Anhui Province, China, in 1938. He graduated from the Chinese Department of Zhejiang University in 1961. He was a member of the China Writers Association, the Children's Literature Committee, and various government organisations in Anhui province. He worked for many years as a teacher, and as editor of Anhui Literature (《安徽文学》). His first publications were in 1957, initially poetry, essays and theory, but stopped writing in 1963. He resumed writing in 1978, concentrating on nature writing. He was admitted to the China Writers Association in 1982. He travelled extensively in China, spending long periods of time in the wilds, e.g. in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Tibet and other areas. He died in Hefei on 10 January 2022, at the age of 84.

## Honours and awards

Liu was honoured with numerous national level honours - and in 1992 the State Council of China awarded him the title of "Expert who has made an outstanding contribution". He received a National Outstanding Children's Literature Award on two occasions. He was on the IBBY Honour List 2008, and was nominated for the Hans Christian Andersen Award.

## Publications

The following is a selection of Liu's works:
* 《我的山野朋友：刘先平大自然探险奇遇》 My friends in the wild : Liu Xianping's wonderful adventure in the world of nature (bilingual edition, 2007)
* 《千鸟谷追踪》 A voyage of discovery through the valley of a thousand birds (in English, 2007)
* 《走进帕米尔高原：穿越柴达木盆地》 [Going into the Pamirs: Through the Qaidam Basin] (2008)
* Pere David's deer king emerges in combat (in English, 2010)
* Golden monkeys fight vultures (in English, 2010)
* The love story of black muntjacs (in English, 2010)
* The mysterious Francois's leaf monkeys (in English, 2010)
* 《和黑野猴对话》 [Dialogue with langurs]
* 《寻找大树杜鹃王》 [Finding the king of the rhododendron trees]
* 《云海探奇》 [The adventure in the sea of clouds]
* 《大熊猫传奇》 [The story of the giant panda]
# Vom Donaustrande

Vom Donaustrande (By the Shores of the Danube, op. 356) is a polka by Johann Strauss II written in 1873. Its themes are drawn from his successful operetta, Der Karneval in Rom which premiered in Vienna's Theater an der Wien on 1 March 1873.
The themes from the operetta where the polka presents itself is under Acts 2 and 3. The quick tempo of the polka is the marking of the popular "schnell-polka", which was another form of polka in quick steps as different from the polka-mazurka and the French polka.
# Societatea Pentru Exploatări Tehnice

Societatea Pentru Exploatări Technice or SET ("Technical Development Society") was a Romanian aircraft manufacturer. It was the second biggest Romanian pre-war aircraft manufacturer, after Industria Aeronautică Română (IAR).

## History

The Societatea Pentru Exploatări Tehnice was established in Bucharest in 1923 by Grigore Zamfirescu as a general machinery manufacturing plant. It soon specialised in building aircraft to its founder's design, supplying the Romanian Air Force with trainers during the mid-1930s. At the peak of aircraft production, Zamfirescu changed the company's name to Fabrica de Avioane SET.
In the late 1930s, SET abandoned producing its own designs, and manufactured a number of IAR and foreign types under licence, including the IAR 27, IAR 39, Fleet 10, and Nardi FN.305. In 1938, the company made a deal with the Romanian government that would have seen it relocate its manufacturing facilities to Moldavia, with the government promising to purchase a minimum order of aircraft each year from the new plant. This venture was to have been called "Industria Nationala Aeronautica" ("National Aeronautical Industry"), but it failed to materialise when the Second World War intervened. During the war, SET built Heinkel He 111s under licence.
SET continued to maintain and repair aircraft until the end of World War II, after which it continued business for a time outside the aeronautics industry.

## Products

| Model name | First flight | Number built | Type |
| SET 2 | | 2 | Single engine biplane reconnaissance airplane |
| SET 3 | 1928 | | Single engine biplane trainer |
| SET 31 | | | Single engine biplane trainer |
| SET 7 | 1931 | 123 | Single engine biplane trainer |
| SET 4 | | | Single engine biplane reconnaissance airplane |
| SET 41 | | | Single engine biplane trainer |
| SET XV | 1934 | 1 | Single engine biplane fighter |
| SET 10 | 1932 | 2 | Single engine biplane trainer |
| SET FN.305 | | 124 | License built single engine monoplane trainer |
| SET 27 | 1937 | 80 | License built single engine monoplane trainer |
| SET 39 | 1937 | 160 | License built single engine biplane light bomber |
| SET F-10G | 1939 | 80 | License built single engine biplane trainer |
# Metagnoma

Metagnoma is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Metagnoma singularis Aurivillius, 1925
* Metagnoma strandi Breuning, 1943
# Samantha Hamill

Samantha Hamill (born 23 February 1991) is an Australian competitive swimmer. She competed in the 200-metre butterfly and the 400-metre individual medley at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and the 200-metre butterfly at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
# Scaphytopius

Scaphytopius is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are at least 170 described species in Scaphytopius.
# Magrath

Magrath may refer to:
* Magrath, Alberta, a town in Cardston County, Alberta, Canada.
* Magrath (surname)
* Mayor Magrath Drive, a roadway in Lethbridge, Alberta
# Alonzo M. Clark

Alonzo Monroe Clark (August 13, 1868 – October 12, 1952) was an American politician who was the 16th Governor of Wyoming from 1931 to 1933. A Republican, he took office after sitting governor Frank Emerson's death. He lost his re-election campaign.

## Biography

Clark was born in Flint, Indiana. He was raised and educated in Nebraska after his family moved there from Indiana. After graduating from Nebraska State Teachers College in 1898, he served as Superintendent of Schools for Dawes County, Nebraska, before moving to Wyoming in 1901. He homesteaded more than 300 acres (1.2 km$^2$) in Campbell County, Wyoming, and was a teacher.
In 1926, he was elected Secretary of State, and he was re-elected in 1930. When the then-current governor, Frank Emerson died, on February 18, 1931, just six weeks into his second term, Clark succeeded to the governorship. He took the oath of office after Emerson's Sunday funeral, which was three days later. That November, he was defeated in the Republican primary, and resumed his term as Secretary of State. His loss in the primary remains the closest primary defeat for an incumbent Republican governor in United States history.
In 1934 he successfully secured the Republican nomination, but lost in the general election to the then-incumbent, Democrat Leslie A. Miller. He also campaigned unsuccessfully for seats in the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate.
The National Governors Association noted:
   Serving during the Great Depression, Clark supported President Hoover’s position of state self-reliance. He also pressed for cooperative marketing of agricultural products and the repeal of prohibition, and fought unsuccessfully for termination of the sale of crude oil from federal lands in Wyoming.
He was married twice, first to Lucy M. Smith (who died in 1944) with whom he had one child, and then to Florence Russell.
He died on October 12, 1952, in Thermopolis, Wyoming, aged 84, and is buried in Carleton, Nebraska.
# Charles Gore (disambiguation)

Charles Gore may also refer to:
* Charles Gore (1853–1932), British Anglican theologian and bishop
* Charles Gore (artist) (1729–1807), British artist
* Charles Gore (cricketer) (1871–1913), New Zealand cricketer, statistician, and museum curator
* Charles Gore (MP) (c.1711–1768), British landowner and politician
* Charles Knox-Gore (1831–1890), Irish Baronet of the Knox-Gore baronets
* Charles Stephen Gore (1793–1869), British noble and general
# Metagnoma strandi

Metagnoma strandi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1943. It is known from Borneo.
# Samantha Harper

Samantha Harper may refer to:
* Samantha Harper, see List of Little House on the Prairie characters
* Samantha Harper, character in Abandon (film)
* Samantha Harper (actress) in Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (film)
# Scaphytopiini

Scaphytopiini is an insect tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The scope of the tribe was restricted by Zahniser & Dietrich (2013) to include only 3 genera.

## Genera

* Ascius DeLong, 1943
* Scaphytopius Ball, 1931
* Tenuarus DeLong, 1944

## Genera transferred out by Zahniser & Dietrich
### Genera now placed in Athysanini

* Nesothamnus Linnavuori, 1959
* Scaphytoceps Dlabola, 1957

### Genera now placed in Cicadulini

* Proceps Mulsant & Rey, 1855

### Genera now placed in Opsiini

* Afrascius Linnavuori, 1969
* Japananus Ball, 1931

### Genera now placed in Scaphoideini

* Coroticus Distant, 1918
* Grammacephalus Haupt, 1929
* Sikhamani Viraktamath & Webb, 2006
* Sudhamruta Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy, 1999
* Thryaksha Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy, 1999
* Univagris Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy, 1999

### Genera now placed in Vartini

* Curvimonus Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy, 1999
* Shivania Viraktamath, 2004
* Stymphalus Stål, 1866
* Varta Distant, 1908
* Vartalapa Viraktamath, 2004
* Vartatopa Viraktamath, 2004
* Xenovarta Viraktamath, 2004
# Sodium bismuth titanate

Sodium bismuth titanate or bismuth sodium titanium oxide (NBT or BNT) is a solid inorganic compound of sodium, bismuth, titanium and oxygen with the chemical formula of Na$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$ or Bi$_{0.5}$Na$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$. This compound adopts the perovskite structure.

## Synthesis

Na$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$ is not a naturally occurring mineral and several synthesis routes to obtain the compound have been developed. It can be easily prepared by solid state reaction between Na$_2$CO$_3$, Bi$_2$O$_3$ and TiO$_2$ at temperatures around 850 °C.

## Structure

The exact room-temperature crystal structure of sodium bismuth titanate has been a matter of debate for several years. Early studies in the 1960s using X-ray diffraction suggested Na$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$ to adopt either a pseudo-cubic or a rhombohedral crystal structure. In 2010, based on the high-resolution single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, a monoclinic structure (space group Cc) was proposed. On heating, Na$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$ transforms at 533 ± 5 K to a tetragonal structure (space group P4bm) and above 793 ± 5 K to cubic structure (space group Pm3m).

## Physical properties

Na$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$ is a relaxor ferroelectric. Its optical band gap was reported to be in the 3.0–3.5 eV.

## Applications

Various solid solutions with tetragonal ferroelectric perovskites including BaTiO$_3$, Bi$_{0.5}$K$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$ have been developed to obtain morphotropic phase boundaries to enhance the piezoelectric properties of Na$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$. The extraordinarily large strain generated by a field-induced phase transition in sodium bismuth titanate-based solid solutions prompted researchers to investigate its potential as an alternative to lead zirconate titanate for actuator applications.
# Rumpelmayer

Rumpelmayer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anton Rumpelmayer (1832–1914), also known as Antoine, Austrian-born confectioner
* Viktor Rumpelmayer (1830–1885), Austro-Hungarian architect
# Richard Loncraine

Richard Loncraine (born 20 October 1946) is a British film and television director.
Loncraine was born in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire.
Loncraine received early training in the features department of the BBC, including a season directing items for Tomorrow's World. Before his career in film, he was a sculptor and the first to create a chrome Newton's cradle. In 1996, he won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival for Richard III. In 2002, he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special for Band of Brothers with other series directors.

## Filmography
### Film

* Professor Popper's Problem (1975) (written only)
* Slade in Flame (1975)
* Full Circle (1977)
* The Missionary (1982)
* Brimstone and Treacle (1982)
* Bellman and True (1987) (also written)
* Richard III (1995) (also written)
* Wimbledon (2004)
* Firewall (2006)
* My One and Only (2009)
* 5 Flights Up (2014)
* Finding Your Feet (2017)

### Television

* Secret Orchards (1979)
* Blade on the Feather (1980)
* Wide-Eyed and Legless (1993)
* "Day of Days", Band of Brothers (2001)
* The Gathering Storm (2002)
* My House in Umbria (2003)
* The Special Relationship (2010)
# Volvo City Taxi

The Volvo Experimental Taxi was a concept car built by Volvo sometime in 1976. It was designed to be the response by Volvo after being challenged by the New York Office of Transport and the Museum of Modern Art. The Taxi was powered by a six cylinder diesel engine which drove the front wheels.
It was also designed to be able to fit a wheelchair inside; however, it could not fit the wheelchair’s occupant. Instead of seat belts the passenger seating was provided with a roller coaster style pull down bar.
# Piedmontese scudo

The scudo (plural: scudi) was the currency of the Piedmont and the other mainland parts of the Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia until 1816.

## History

It was subdivided into 6 lire (singular: lira), each of 20 soldi or 240 denari. The doppia was worth 2 scudi. During the Subalpine Republic and French occupation (1800–1814), the French franc circulated, supplemented by a small number of locally produced coins. The scudo was replaced by the Sardinian lira.

## Coins

In the late 18th century, copper 2 denari, billon ½, 1, 2½ and 7½ soldi, silver ¼, ½ and 1 scudo, and gold ¼, ½, 1, and 2½ doppia coins circulated. In the 1790s, copper 1 and 5 soldi, and billon 10, 15 and 20 soldi were added.
The Piedmont Republic issued silver ¼ and ½ scudo in 1799. This was followed in 1800 by bronze 2 soldi struck in the name of the "Piedmont Nation" (Nazione Piemontese).
# List of mines in South Africa

This list of mines in South Africa is subsidiary to the list of mines article and lists working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list.

## Chromium

* Dwarsrivier mine
* Thaba mine

## Coal

| Mine | Product(s) | Associated town | Owner | Dates |
| Grootegeluk Coal Mine | Coal | Limpopo | Exxaro | 1980–Present |
| Leeuwpan mine | Coal | Mpumalanga | Exxaro | 1995–Present |
| Tshikondeni mine | Coal | Limpopo | Exxaro | ????–Present |
| Mafube coal | Coal | Mpumalanga | Exxaro | ????–Present |
| Mafube joint venture (JV)2 | Coal | Mpumalanga | Exxaro | ????–Present |
| Iyanda mine | Coal | Mpumalanga | Exxaro | ????–Present |
| Exxaro reductants | Coal | Limpopo | Exxaro | ????–Present |
| Arnot mine | Coal | Mpumalanga | Exxaro | ????–Present |
| Matla mine | Coal | Mpumalanga | Exxaro | ????–Present |
| North Block Complex | Coal | Mpumalanga | Exxaro | ????–Present |
| New Clydesdale mine | Coal | Mpumalanga | Exxaro | ????–Present |
| Goedgevonden mine | Coal | | | |
| Vele coal mine | Coal | | | |
| Maloma Coliery | Coal | Eswatini | Inyatsi | ????-Present |

## Diamond

| Mine | Product(s) | Coordinates | Associated town | Owner | Dates | Comments |
| Baken diamond mine | Diamond | | Lower Orange River | Trans Hex | ????–Present | Probable reserves are 21.2 million cubic meters of ore at an ore grade of 1.69 carats (338 mg) per 100 cubic meters (3.38 mg/m$^3$). There is a waste rock overburden of about 33 million cubic meters. |
* Big Hole
* Du Toit's Pan
* Finsch diamond mine
* Jagersfontein Mine
* Koffiefontein mine
* Premier Mine
* Venetia Diamond Mine
* Voorspoed diamond mine

## Gold

* Blyvooruitzicht
* Buffelsfontein mine
* Burnstone mine
* East Rand Mine
* Free State goldfields
* Kusasalethu mine
* Mponeng Gold Mine
* South Deep mine
* TauTona Mine
* Transvaal gold fields

## Iron

| Mine | Product(s) | Associated town | Comments |
| Khumani mine | Iron | Kathu | loco mine mm9 |
| Beeshoek mine | Iron | Postmasburg | |
| Sishen mine | Iron | | |

## Lead mines

* Maitland Mines

## Manganese

* Black Rock mine
* Gloria mine
* Kalagadi Manganese mine
* Mamatwan mine
* Middelplaats mine
* Nchwaning mine
* Wessels mine

## Platinum

* Afplats mine
* Bafokeng mine
* Bathopele mine
* Bokoni mine
* Dishaba mine
* Imbasa mine
* Impala mine
* Inkosi mine
* Khomanani mine
* Khuseleka mine
* Kroondal mine
* Marula mine
* Modikwa mine
* Mogalakwena mine
* Mototolo mine
* Pandora mine
* Siphumelele mine
* Tamboti mine
* Thembelani mine
* Tumela mine
* Twickenham mine
* Two Rivers mine
* Union North mine

## Titanium platinum

* Xolobeni mine

## Uranium

* Beaufort West mine
* Beisa North mine
* Buffelsfontein uranium mine
* Denny Dalton mine
* Karoo mine
* Rietkuil mine
* South Deep uranium mine
* Springbok Flats mine
* Vaal River mine