OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aspavarma

Aspavarma or Aspa (Kharosthi: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤𐨬𐨪𐨿𐨨 A-śpa-va-rma, Aśpavarma) was an Apracha general who ruled in Gandhara. He was the son of the Apracharaja and general Indravarma who ruled in 50 CE.

## Inscriptions

Asparvama was a son of Apraca king Indravarma, as known from an inscription discovered in Taxila, who himself is known to be the son of Vispavarma according to Indravarma's Silver Reliquary.
Indravarma's Silver Reliquary, which is known for sure to be before the Bajaur casket, hence before 5-6 CE, and is therefore usually dated to the end of the 1st century BCE, describes Aspavarma's grandfather Vispavarma as a general, and not yet a king at that time. This tends to confirm that his grandson, Aspavarma, probably ruled quite some time later, in the middle of the 1st century CE.
Aspavarma is also referenced in Gāndhārī texts, written in Kharoṣṭhī script, dating from the period.

## Coinage

The coinage shows the king on a horse, holding a whip in his right hand, in a style consistent with that of Azes II (who possibly is identical with Azes I). On the reverse, Athena makes a benediction gesture, and is flanked by a Buddhist triratna symbol.
According to Joe Cribb, from a coinage standpoint, Aspavarma was contemporary to Sasan and Mujatria, just before the rule of Kushan ruler Vima Takto.
# Assyrian music

Assyrian music may refer to:
* Music of Mesopotamia, is a music in ancient Assyria
* Assyrian folk/pop music
* Syriac sacral music, sacral music in Syriac Christianity
# Sam and Irene Black School of Business

The Sam and Irene Black School of Business is the business school of Penn State Behrend, a four-year college of Penn State University. The Black School was founded in 1998 when the Black family donated a gift of $20 million to the college. The school is located in the Jack Burke Research and Economic Development Center on the Behrend campus.

## Degrees

The college is accredited in business and accounting by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).
# Salmon Valley

Salmon Valley is a community on the British Columbia Railway north of Prince George, British Columbia.
# Asteriognatha metriotera

Asteriognatha metriotera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Sumatra.
# Asterionella

Asterionella is a genus of pennate freshwater diatoms. They are frequently found in star-shaped colonies of individuals.

## Description

Asterionella average cell size is 60–85 micrometers long and 2–4 micrometers wide. It forms colonies that often consist of eight cells, but can vary up to 20 cells. The cells in the colony are attached by the apex by extracellular matter. By the way the cells are attached to each other, the colonies often look like stars or spiralling chains.

## Reproduction

The silica skeleton of a diatom cell (called the frustule) consists of an epitheca and an hypotheca. The hypotheca is slightly smaller than the epitheca. During asexual reproduction both thecae form the epitheca of the new daughter cell and each daughter produces a new hypotheca. Therefore one daughter cell is always smaller than the original cell. In order to regain their original size, it is usually assumed diatoms have to reproduce sexually, although this has not yet been observed in A. formosa. However, there may also be other ways to rejuvenate.

## Ecology

Asterionella formosa is known to be susceptible to the chytrid fungus Zygorhizidium planktonicum. If a chytrid attaches to an Asterionella cell, they can, however, protect others of their kind by committing apoptosis, or cellular suicide, stopping the spread of the parasite. This is called a hypersensitive reaction. Asterionella have no means of locomotion. It is most likely a combination of gravity and currents that distribute the organism.

## Species

Asterionella bleakeleyi
Asterionella candelabrum
Asterionella formosa
Asterionella madagascariensis
# Association of British Lourdes Pilgrimage Hospitalités

The Association of British Lourdes Pilgrimage Hospitalités (ABLPH) was founded in 1985/86 as a forum for the many groups involved in organising pilgrimages to the shrine of Lourdes. The main role of the association is to allow members to share / discuss good practice, experiences and fellowship, as well as providing a focal point for spreading news and information from the various shrine authorities.
Members formally meet once a year (typically a weekend in February) to discuss issues of mutual concern, to encourage communication, and to meet with representatives of the Sanctuaries and the Hospitalité Notre Dame de Lourdes. This meeting includes workshops and discussions relating to issues that affect Lourdes pilgrims as well as the Annual General Meeting of the Association.

## Membership

Membership of the association is open to pilgrimage hospitalités from across England, Scotland and Wales, either diocesan in nature or representative of other pilgrimage bodies, as well as representatives of other groups who regularly undertake pilgrimages to Lourdes from Britain.
Association members include...
* Catholic Association Pilgrimage
* Liverpool hospitalité
* Diocese of Shrewsbury Lourdes Hospitalité
* HCPT – The Pilgrimage Trust
* Salford Hospitality of Our Lady of Lourdes
* Archdiocese of St Andrews & Edinburgh - Hospitalité
* Diocese of Westminster
# Salta (disambiguation)

Salta is a city in Argentina.
Salta may also refer to:

## Places

* Salta Province, Argentina, whose capital is the namesake city
* Salta, Bangladesh, a town in Bangladesh
* Salta, Cumbria, a hamlet in England
* Salta, Republic of Dagestan, a rural locality in Russia
* Sâlța, a tributary of the Iza in Maramureș County, Romania
* Sâlța, a village in Rozavlea Commune, Maramureș County, Romania

## Music

* "Salta" (song), by the Argentinian artist King Africa
* "Salta!!", a song by the Argentine-Spanish band Tequila
* Tom Salta, American composer

## Ships

* Salta, name of HMS Shah (D21) after conversion and sale into civilian service; participated in the rescue of passengers of the luxury cruise ship Lakonia
* HMHS Salta, a hospital ship sunk by a mine during the First World War
* Several ships of the Argentine Navy

## Other uses

* Battle of Salta, fought during the Argentine War of Independence
* Salta Open, a golf tournament on the TPG tour in Argentina
* Salta (game), a two-player abstract strategy board game
# Astilboides

Astilboides, a genus of the saxifrage family containing only one species, Astilboides tabularis, a herbaceous perennial once included in the genus Rodgersia. It is native to northeastern China and Korea. It differs from its former relatives mainly in its leaf shape. It is grown for its huge bright green, circular leaves to 36 in (90 cm) across with the stem attached to the center, and large fluffy racemes of tiny white flowers produced in summer.
The Latin specific epithet tabularis means "tabular" or "flat", referring to the leaf formation.

## Cultivation

Grown best in moist soils in a cool sheltered spot. It is usually seen at its best near water. It bears very little resemblance to the genus Astilbe after which it was named. Propagate from seed or divisions when dormant.
# Astilbe japonica

Astilbe japonica, called false buck's beard, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Astilbe, native to Japan, and introduced in New York State. Its hybrid cultivars 'Deutschland', 'Montgomery', and 'Rheinland' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Sam Scoccia

Sam Scoccia (1928 – May 12, 1996) was a Canadian Football League defensive lineman who played 14 seasons in the CFL, mainly for the Ottawa Rough Riders, and was a member of their 1960 Grey Cup winning team. He played his first season for the Hamilton Tiger Cats in 1951, then the Saskatchewan Roughriders for 3 years, and ended his career with Ottawa. From 1952 to 1965, Scoccia played no fewer than 12 games, missing only 2 games from 1956 to 1965. He intercepted 2 passes in his career, in 1960 and 1961.
# Systems on Silicon Manufacturing

Systems on Silicon Manufacturing Company Pte. Ltd. (more commonly known as SSMC) is a Singaporean semiconductor fabrication company located in Pasir Ris Wafer Fab Park. It was incorporated in 1999 and is a joint venture between NXP Semiconductors (until 2006 Philips) and TSMC. Founded by Philips and EDB Investments, the plant was completed in 2000.

## History

Founded in December 1998, the company is a joint venture between NXP Semiconductors (until 2006 semiconductor division of Philips) and TSMC. Key technologies that the organisation specializes in range from 0.25-micron to 0.14-micron that support logic, embedded flash memory, mixed signal and RF applications. In addition to manufacturing, the company also offers commercial advice and support services to customer's business process.
In 2006, both NXP and TSMC increased their shares in the company to 61.2% and 38.8% respectively by purchasing shares held by EDB Investments.

## Facilities

Systems on Silicon Manufacturing frequently upgrades their manufacturing capabilities and products which are influenced by the demand cycles of the semiconductor industry. In 2007, the company established a research and development center to develop specialized manufacturing process, automotive, near field communication and RF markets. In 2010, SSMC shifted its focus from producing chips catering to devices such as, smartphones and laptops, to high-performance mixed signal (HPMS) semiconductor chips, which are mostly used in biometric passports, to support technology applications aimed at solving everyday challenges.
A new plant was constructed at a cost of S$2 billion, the gross floor area of the plant is about 90,000 square metres (970,000 sq ft). Construction of the plant started in 2000 and was completed by 2001, with a production output of 30,000 wafers per month. The manufacturing facilities are upgraded constantly to meet market demands and in 2010, its monthly production capacity increased to 53,000 wafers.
In late 2018, SSMC expanded their automotive and specialty chip manufacturing footprint in Singapore with a S$300 million 4,400 square metres (47,000 sq ft) clean room.
# Samla bilas

Samla bilas is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine heterobranch mollusc in the family Samlidae.

## Description

Samla bilas has a body length of 18–35 mm (1.8-3.5 cm).

## Distribution

This species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific and commonly seen on reefs.
# Salty Dawg Saloon

The Salty Dawg Saloon is a well-known landmark on the Homer Spit in Homer, Alaska.

## History

The Salty Dawg originally was one of the first cabins built in Homer in 1897, soon after the establishment of the town site.
It was acquired in the late 1940s by Chuck Abbott. In 1949 Chuck and his friend Gerald Gifford put the cabin on skids and moved it to the Homer Spit. In April 1957, he officially opened it as the Salty Dawg Saloon. By 1960 the Salty Dawg Saloon had a building adjacent to it, coinciding with The Alaska Territory becoming the 49th state of the union in January 1959.
Earl D. Hillstrand (1913-1974), an attorney, small businessman and member of the Alaska House of Representatives, purchased it in 1960. Although an Anchorage resident, Hillstrand had a homestead near Homer and was in the process of developing the nearby Land's End Resort at the time.
The Salty Dawg Saloon is currently owned and operated by John Warren.
The saloon has been featured on Deadliest Catch on the Discovery Channel. The bar is known for the thousands of dollar bills signed by visitors and tacked to the walls. This practice started many years ago, when a visitor tacked a dollar on the wall, explaining that his friend would be by later. The dollar was intended for buying the friend a drink.
# Samdari

Samdari is a city and tehsil headquarters in Balotra District in Rajasthan, northern India.

## Demographics

According to the Indian Census 2011, the population of Samdari is 22222, where male population is 12805 and female population is 12207.

## Notable people

* Goparam Meghwal, Member of the Legislative Assembly
# Szalaszend

Szalaszend is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary.

## History of Szalaszend

The first known mention of the former parts of the settlement in Szalaszend comes from the 13th century. Subsequently, the area was considered to be the property of the Holy Nobility. After the extinction of the Szendi family, the settlement moved to the Kálla. The Turkish occupation period was a difficult time for the settlements: Felsőszend was the victim of the arson of Turkish troops in 1573 and the other two settlements were almost depopulated. It was not until the beginning of the 18th century that the area began to be re-populated.
The churches of today's settlement are the Reformed churches of Upper and Lower Saints. Originally built in the 15th century, the former Gothic Calvinist church in Lower Süd was rebuilt in its 18th-century Baroque style. There is a Gothic window on the south side of the ship, a tombstone on the wall around 1630 and a pulpit in 1817. The Upper Sanctuary's Reformed Church was built in Baroque style, and was not acquired until the 19th century. The interior features a baroque painted wooden ceiling and pulpit dating from the 18th century.
The present settlement was established in 1936 by the unification of the villages of Szala, Alsószend and Felsőszend.
The name of this village was mentioned as early as 1264 in a charter under the name Zaladienses (Zala). The first historical trace is from the beginning of the 15th century. In 1427 it was owned by László Piros, with 7 portanyi estates. In 1479 Bálint Huszti received it as a new donation from King Matthias. from the Beekeepers' family in the village. The landlord also had the Bakó family in Alszetenye around 1489. It was the scene of constant battles during the Hussite wars. It was inhabited only in the same state in 1726. The Reformed church was built around 1782–1786, and its population reached the village by way of settlement - 447 persons, mainly of the Reformed religion. 56, that is, 5-6 families usually lived in a house, and around 1830 a manor house was built, the landlord was the Turánszky family. In 869 it had 388 inhabitants and in 1920 it had 423 inhabitants, in 1878 flooding of the river Hernád destroyed many houses in the village. In 1935 it had 3 middle owners, 86 of the villagers participated in the World War and 9 died heroically.
# Athenion of Maroneia

Athenion of Maroneia (Ancient Greek: Ἀθηνίων Μαρωνίτης) was an ancient Greek painter, born at Maroneia in Thrace who flourished during the late 4th and early 3rd centuries BC. He was a pupil of Glaucion of Corinth, and a contemporary probably of Nicias, whom he resembled and excelled, though his style was harsher. He gave promise of the highest excellence in his art, but died young.

## Works

* Αχιλλεύς ως κόρη (Achilles, disguised as a Girl, discovered by Odysseus)
* Συγγενικόν (An Assembly of Relatives)
* Νεανίας Iπποκόμος (Α Groom with a Horse)
* Φύλαρχος (Phylarch)
# Associação Académica de Coimbra (volleyball)

The Coimbra Academic Association - volleyball (Portuguese: Associação Académica de Coimbra - Secção de Voleibol) is the volleyball sports section of the Coimbra Academic Association, from Coimbra, Portugal.
The AAC Voleibol team won the national championships in 1966/67, 1968/69 and 1970/71 seasons, and currently plays in the Portuguese Volleyball League A2. The AAC participates in the Supertaça (Supercup).
# Sympistis stabilis

Sympistis stabilis, the brown sallow, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths).
The MONA or Hodges number for Sympistis stabilis is 10062.
# Sympistis subsimplex

Sympistis subsimplex is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It is found in North America, including Arizona.
The wingspan is 24–27 mm (0.94–1.06 in).
# Astylosternus perreti

Astylosternus perreti, also known as Perret's night frog is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is endemic to western Cameroon and known from Mount Manengouba and from parts of the Bamileke Highlands, at elevations of 1,200–1,400 m (3,900–4,600 ft) above sea level. It is one of the few species of African frogs to have claws, used on demand, when it feels threatened.

## Etymology

The specific name perreti honours Jean-Luc Perret [fr], a Swiss herpetologist who has specialized in African amphibians.

## Habitat and conservation

Its natural habitats are lower montane and submontane forests, often in very steep terrain close to torrents. It lives in or near flowing water. It is threatened by severe habitat loss.
# Astylus aulicus

Astylus aulicus is a species of soft-winged flower beetle in the family Melyridae, found in Central and South America.
# Mario Méndez (Panamanian footballer)

Mario Uriel Méndez, commonly known as El Cholito (born January 5, 1977, in David, Chiriquí) is a retired Panamanian football defender and currently is a manager.

## Playing career
### Club

In Panama, Méndez played for Chiriquí, Tauro, Chorrillo, whom he joined in January 2006 from San Francisco, and Atlético Chiriquí. In 2004, he had the opportunity to go to trial to Vasco da Gama but hurt his Achilles tendon in Julio Dely Valdés and Jorge Dely Valdés farewell game.

### International

Méndez made his debut for Panama in an August 1996 friendly match against Honduras and has earned a total of 33 caps, scoring 4 goals. He represented his country in 8 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and El Cholito was part of the Panama squad that participated in the UNCAF Nations Cup 2003 held in Guatemala.
His final international was an August 2003 friendly match against Paraguay.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Panama's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 16 February 2000 | Estadio Rommel Fernández, Panama City, Panama | El Salvador | 4–1 | 4–1 | Friendly match |
| 2 | 19 March 2000 | Estadio Cacique Diriangén, Diriamba, Nicaragua | Nicaragua | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 3 | 14 March 2001 | Estadio Rommel Fernández, Panama City, Panama | El Salvador | 1–0 | 1–0 | Friendly match |
| 4 | 16 February 2003 | Estadio Rommel Fernández, Panama City, Panama | Guatemala | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2003 UNCAF Nations Cup |

## Managerial career

Shortly after retiring in 2008, Méndez became the manager of Atlético Chiriquí (the only team in the Liga Panameña de Fútbol Chiriquí). In the 2009 Apertura I championship, he led Atlético Chiriquí to their first qualification to the semifinals round after being 2nd in the general table. Unfortunately for Cholito, they lost on aggregate score to San Francisco. In August 2011 he became assistant to Miguel Mansilla at Chorrillo after he was dismissed as manager of the Panama U-20's.
In May 2012 he returned at the helm at Atlético Chiriquí, only to resign in March 2013.
# Sze Tsung Leong

Sze Tsung Leong (born 1970) is an American and British photographer and artist interested in urban studies.

## Biography

Born in Mexico City, he grew up there and in Los Angeles. He then studied at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California, and earned architecture degrees from the University of California, Berkeley and the Harvard Graduate School of Design, where he was awarded the Wheelwright Prize. Leong received the Guggenheim Fellowship in 2005. He now lives in New York City.

## Publications

* (contributor and co-editor) Harvard Project on the City (organized by Rem Koolhaas): volumes on Great Leap Forward and Guide to Shopping. Both vols. pub. Cologne, 2002.
* History Images. Photographs of urban spaces and construction projects in China. Steidl, 2007. ISBN 3-86521-274-3.
* Horizons. A collection of landscape photographs. Yossi Milo Gallery, 2008. ISBN 978-0-615-19227-7. Exhibition catalogue.
** Berlin and Stuttgart: Hatje Cantz, 2014. ISBN 978-3-7757-3789-0. With essays by Pico Iyer, Duncan Forbes, Joshua Chuang, Leong, and Charlotte Cotton.

## Collections

Leong's work is held in the following permanent collections:
* Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: 2 prints (as of 4 October 2021)
* Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN: 1 print (as of 4 October 2021)
* Museum of Contemporary Photography, Chicago, IL: 2 prints (as of 4 October 2021)
* Museum of Modern Art, New York: 7 prints (as of 4 October 2021)
* San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco: 4 prints (as of 4 October 2021)
# Maria Santissima della Confusione

The cult of Maria Santissima della Confusione began in the province of Trapani, and eventually spread in the near province of Palermo.

## Origin of the name

Maria Santissima della Confusione, that is venerated by the Friars Minor Capuchin of Salemi, is an oil painting realized in the 18th century by fra Felice da Sambuca; it is represented a Madonna in tears, with the symbols of the Passion of Jesus (the spear, the sponge with vinegar, the nails and the column of Jesus’ flagellation) around her.
The title Madonna della Confusione, refers to Mary, and expresses the state of consternation, of confusion and affliction faced with the painful death of her son. The term "Confused" derives from the Latin cum and fixus, then with-fixed, hanged with, but also from cum-flictus, con-flicted, from which derives the term "afflicted", that is confitto. Even in this she identifies herself with Jesus, cum-fusio, and for this reason she suffers with Him, (juxta crucem lacrimosa, in the Stabat Mater of Jacopone da Todi).

## Devotion

The devotion started and spread in the friaries of the Capuchins.
In Salemi the feast has taken place on the last Sunday of August for about three centuries: they carry the magnificent painting of Madonna della Confusione in procession along the town streets. Even if she is not the patroness of Salemi, she is much venerated by people. The devotion to this Madonna is also very profound in Marsala, in the convent and in the Church of the Capuchins dedicated to Madonna della Confusione; the image of Our Lady of Sorrows with her head bent a little on the right, fingers crossed and eyes narrowed; in front of her, on a small table, there are the nails of crucifixion
In Partanna, in the small Church dedicated to Saint Andrew the Apostle, next to the friary of Capuchins, there was a valuable painting of Madonna della Confusione which was stolen after that 1968 Belice earthquake had damaged the small Church. The image was similar to the other icons: Our Lady has the head bent on the left, fingers crossed on her chest and a mantle dropping down.
In Alcamo, in the Church of Saint Anne, there is a painting on canvas dated 1916, made by Leonardo Mirabile from Alcamo, representing Maria Santissima della Confusione. This picture is a copy of a painting made by Giuseppe Renda, dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows, which was kept in the Church of Saint Mary of Jesus, and stolen in 1979.
There are also icons of Madonna della Confusione in the monasteries and ex monasteries of Capuchins of Erice, Mazara del Vallo, Trapani. In the province of Palermo: at Giuliana and at Palermo Boccadifalco, where the cult rose as the patron saint of pregnant women.
# T'uruqucha

T'uruqucha (Quechua: t'uru mud, qucha lake, "mud lake", also spelled Toro Cocha, Toroccocha, Torococha) may refer to:
* T'uruqucha (Ancash), a lake in the Pallasca Province, Ancash Region, Peru
* T'uruqucha (Huaylas), a lake in the Pallasca Province, Ancash Region, Peru
* T'uruqucha (Junín), a mountain in the Junín Region, Peru
# Kumiko (disambiguation)

Kumiko is a feminine Japanese given name.
Kumiko may also refer to:
* 4454 Kumiko, main-belt Asteroid
* Kumikō, an incense-comparing game and aspect of kōdō
* Kumiko (woodworking), the pieces of lattice work in traditional Japanese architecture
* Kumiko, the Treasure Hunter, a 2014 American drama film
# Pterolophia dohertyana

Pterolophia dohertyana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1968.
# Jon Goodwin

Jon Goodwin may refer to:
* Jon Goodwin (canoer)
* Jon Goodwin, a winner of the British quiz show Fifteen to One