OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Patersonia rudis

Patersonia rudis, commonly known as hairy flag, is a species of plant in the iris family Iridaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a tufted, rhizome-forming perennial herb with linear to sword-shaped leaves and violet tepals.

## Description

Patersonia rudis is a tufted perennial herb that typically grows to a height of 40 cm (16 in) and forms a rhizome covered by sticky leaf bases. Its leaves are linear to sword-shaped and 200–700 mm (7.9–27.6 in) long, striated and softly-hairy near the base. The flowering scape is 200–500 mm (7.9–19.7 in) long and velvety with the sheath enclosing the flowers lance-shaped, blackish, prominently veined and 30–63 mm (1.2–2.5 in) long. The outer tepals are violet, egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 25–35 mm (0.98–1.38 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) wide, the hypanthium tube 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) long and softly-hairy. Flowering occurs from October to December and the fruit is an oval capsule 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) long, containing black seeds.

## Taxonomy and naming

Patersonia rudis was first described in 1846 by Stephan Endlicher in Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae. The specific epithet (rudis) means "rough" or "wild".
In 1986, David Alan Cooke and Alex George described two subspecies in the Flora of Australia and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* Petersonia rudis Endl. subsp. rudis has leaves more than 300 mm (12 in) long and 3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in) wide, and a flowering sheath that often becomes more or less glabrous as it ages;
* Petersonia rudis subsp. velutina D.A.Cooke has shorter, narrower leaves than the autonym and the sheath is never glabrous.

## Distribution and habitat

Subspecies rudis grows in woodland and forest on the Darling Range between New Norcia and Dwellingup in the Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions of south-western Western Australia but subspecies velutina grows in more arid woodland and shrubland further east near Southern Cross and Coolgardie in the Avon Wheatbelt and Coolgardie bioregions.

## Conservation status

Both subspecies of P. rudis are classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Patersonia occidentalis

Patersonia occidentalis, commonly known as purple flag, or long purple-flag, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae and is endemic to southern Australia. It is a tufted, rhizome-forming perennial with narrow, sharply-pointed, strap-like leaves, egg-shaped, bluish violet sepals and a cylindrical capsule. The Noongar name for the plant is komma.

## Description

Patersonia occidentalis is a tufted, rhizome-forming perennial that typically grows to a height of up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in). It has four to ten sharply-pointed, glabrous, strap-like leaves 80–550 mm (3.1–21.7 in) long and 2–10 mm (0.079–0.394 in) wide. The flowering scape is 10–80 mm (0.39–3.15 in) long with the sheath enclosing the flowers elliptic to lance-shaped, brown and 30–50 mm (1.2–2.0 in) long. The sepals are bluish-violet, 20–35 mm (0.79–1.38 in) long and 12–22 mm (0.47–0.87 in) wide, the petals are lance-shaped and the stamen filaments are 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) long and joined together. Flowering mainly occurs from September to December, each flower open for one day, but each stem producing many flowers. The fruit is a cylindrical capsule 18–25 mm (0.71–0.98 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Patersonia occidentalis was first formally described by the botanist Robert Brown in 1810 in his book Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae. The specific epithet (occidentalis) means "western", referring to the distribution of this species compared to others in the genus Patersonia.
The names of three varieties of P. occidentalis are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* Patersonia occidentalis var. angustifolia Benth. grows in winter-wet areas, swamps and along river banks in the Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions of western Australia;
* Patersonia occidentalis var. latifolia Benth. grows in upland flats, slopes and valleys in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions of Western Australia;
* Patersonia occidentalis R.Br. var. occidentalis is the most widely distributed variety, occurring in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania.

## Distribution and habitat

Purple flag occurs in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. In Western Australia it grows in winter-wet areas, on sand dunes and around granite outcrops and is widespread and common between the Murchison River in the north and Israelite Bay in the south. In South Australia P. occidentalis grows in heath and in clearings, usually in poorly-drained sites and is only found in the south-east of the state. In Victoria the species is widespread in near-coastal areas on poorly-drained sites and in Tasmania it forms clumps in swampy places in the north and east of the state.

## Use in horticulture

Cultivated in gardens the species is frost tolerant and able to cope in a dry position.
# Larry Jackson (soccer)

Larry Jackson (born September 28, 1990) is an American soccer player-manager who last played and assistant managed for Oakland Roots SC in the National Independent Soccer Association.

## Career
### College and amateur

Jackson played college soccer at Santa Clara University between 2009 and 2012.

### Professional

Jackson went undrafted in the 2013 MLS SuperDraft, later trialing with Colorado Rapids. He signed his first professional contract with MLS club New England Revolution on April 9, 2014. He was released by the club on December 8, 2014.
Jackson signed with USL side Wilmington Hammerheads on March 3, 2015.
On July 15, 2019, Jackson joined Oakland Roots as a player-coach.
# Larry J. Siever

Larry Joseph Siever was an American psychiatrist who was a leading figure in the study of personality disorders.

## Early life

Larry Siever was born in 1947 in Urbana, Illinois. His father, Raymond Siever was a geologist, and his mother Doris Fisher was a schoolteacher. As a child he moved to Belmont, Massachusetts. In 1965 he was named a Presidential Scholar by the Department of Education for his academic success at Belmont High School.

## Career

Siever worked at the Mount Sinai Hospital and James J. Peters VA Medical Center. Prior to Mount Sinai and the VA, Siever worked for the National Institutes of Health and for McLean Hospital. Siever was the director Mood and Personality Disorders Program at Mount Sinai and the director of the Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers at the James J Peters VA Medical Center. He was president of the Society of Biological Psychiatry and a fellow of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Siever also founded the Veterans Integrated Service Networks. He died in 2021 due to illness.
He graduated from Harvard College and Stanford University School of Medicine.

## Research

Siever's research led to the removal of the distinction between Axis I and Axis II personality disorders. Siever primarily studied the neuroscientific causes of Schizotypal (StPD) and Borderline personality disorder (BPD). To do this, he researched dopamine's relationship with StPD and used Positron Emission Tomography to understand the chemical causes of BPD. Alongside personality disorders, he was also knowledgeable in the fields of personality, schizophrenia, mood, impulse-control disorders. Siever published more than 400 peer reviewed papers on personality disorders.

## Honors

Because of his efforts, in 2011 he was awarded the Senior Career Award in recognition of his "distinguished and pioneering contributions to the study of personality disorders” by the International Society for the Study of Personality Disorders. Siever's research also lead to the American Psychiatric Association awarding him the Judd Marmor award in 2011.
# Patcham Tunnel

Patcham Tunnel (or Compulsory Tunnel) is a railway tunnel on the Brighton Main Line through the South Downs between Preston Park and Hassocks in East Sussex, England. It is 446 metres (488 yards) long.
Its construction was neither necessitated by the local geography nor originally intended but, following the objections of a local landowner, the tunnel's creation was specifically stipulated by Parliament in the authorising Act. Accordingly, the London and Brighton Railway had their line directed through a purpose-built tunnel instead of a cutting. Patcham Tunnel was constructed between 1840 and 1841; the work was beset by a collapse part-way through. Entering service as intended, the tunnel has demonstrated a tendency to flood and has been repeatedly blamed for the sporadic cancellations of services on the Brighton Main Line.

## History

Patcham Tunnel was constructed by the London and Brighton Railway as one element of the first line between London and Brighton. The original plans for the railway did not involve a tunnel at this location, but engineers had not predicted that the owner of Patcham Place, a Major Paine, would refuse permission for a cutting to be constructed through land that he owned. Thus, it was decided to construct a tunnel running underneath Coney Wood. In reference to the origins of the tunnel, said to have been unnecessary save for a clause inserted into the Act of Parliament authorising the line's construction, it was sometimes referred to as the Compulsory Tunnel.
Construction of Patcham Tunnel took place between 1840 and 1841. The engineer for the line was John Urpeth Rastrick, but the contractor responsible for the brick lined tunnel is not known. It features a single ventilation shaft along its bore. Partway through construction, the tunnel suffered a collapse, although no fatalities were attributed to the incident.
Between October 2018 and February 2019, Patcham Tunnel was subject to a series of scheduled repairs as part of a £300m improvement programme on the Brighton Main Line; work was undertaken to reduce the ingress of water and re-lay the tracks during temporary closures. However, occasional closures of the line due to flooding of Patcham tunnel have persisted even after these remedial works were completed.
# Pastorale (Eiximenis)

The Pastorale (Pastoral) is a literary work that was written by Francesc Eiximenis in Valencia in Latin between 1397 and 1400. It was dedicated to the bishop of Valencia Hug de Llupià.

## Origin

The Pastorale was written for the new bishop of Valencia, Hug de Llupià i Bages at the request of Miquel de Miracle, Parson of Penàguila, as the prologue of the book states. It was possibly written when he was appointed bishop of Valencia in 1397 or 1398. On maybe when he finally came to Valencia on 9 August 1400.

## Structure and content

The book has one hundred sixty-seven chapters, that are divided into four parts, and it deals mainly with the duties and obligations of bishops, even though in the beginning it deals with priests in general.
This work could correspond maybe with the Onzè (eleventh volume) of Lo Crestià, that Eiximenis did not write, that should have dealt with priests. Nevertheless, if we consider that priesthood is also a sacrament, the Desè (tenth volume) of Lo Crestià should have dealt with sacraments.
This book follows the pattern of Saint Gregory the Great's Regula Pastoralis, which is a manual for the life of bishops and priests.

## Editions

There is an incunabulum edition that was printed in Barcelona by Pere Posa on 5 December 1495. Nonetheless, a critical edition and translation into Catalan as a doctoral dissertation has recently been made. But this doctoral dissertation has not been published and is only available on line.
Therefore, unfortunately there is no current edition of this book. However, Curt Wittlin transcribed five chapters (from part of 36 until 40) in an interesting article that analyzes Eiximenis' hidden antimonarchism and antioligarchism.

## Digital editions
### Incunabula

* Edition in the Memòria Digital de Catalunya (Digital Memory of Catalonia) of the incunabulum edition that was printed in Barcelona by Pere Posa on 5 December 1495.

### Modern editions

* Edition in Tesis doctorales en Red (Doctoral dissertations on line) of the Montserrat Martínez Checa's critical edition and translation into Catalan (Francesc Eiximenis. Pastorale. Edició i traducció. Barcelona. UAB. 1995. LXXXVII+[VIII+450] (Edition and translation)+12 (Annex)). Montserrat Martínez Checa's doctoral dissertation submitted to Professor José Martínez Gázquez in the Autonomous University of Barcelona in 1995.

### The Pastorale inside Eiximenis' complete works

* Francesc Eiximenis' complete works (in Catalan and in Latin).
# Ryals

Ryals is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* James G. Ryals Jr. (1855–1885), American educator and university president
* John L. Ryals (1933–2017), American politician and attorney
# Laser Broadcasting

Laser Broadcasting was a commercial radio operator based in Darlington in County Durham, England, which was active between 2002 and 2008.

## History

The group was founded in 2002 by Nigel Reeve—one of the launch directors of Classic FM and one-time chief executive of London News Radio, owners of LBC—and Nick Jordan, a media sales executive who previously worked at Invicta Radio, KMFM and the Daily Express. Jordan left the company in August 2004.
Laser Broadcasting, via subsidiaries, held the licences for nine commercial local radio stations in the UK:
* Bath FM, in Bath, Somerset
* Brunel FM, in Swindon, Wiltshire
* Sunshine 855, in Ludlow, Shropshire
* Sunshine 1530, in Worcester
* Sunshine 106.2, in Hereford
* Quay West 107.4, in Bridgwater, Somerset
* Quay West 102.4/100.8 in Watchet, Somerset
* 3TR FM, in Warminster, Wiltshire
* Fresh Radio, in Skipton, North Yorkshire
After administration, Begbies Traynor sold five of Laser's stations to farmer and property developer John Roberts, who was also the owner of Exeter-based South West Radio Ltd. He bought Bath FM, Brunel FM, 3TR, and the two QuayWest stations.
# Laser Chess

Laser Chess is a two-player, strategy video game modeled as a board game with chess-like pieces, most of which have mirrored surfaces, and one of which is a laser cannon. Laser Chess first appeared in Compute!'s Atari ST Disk & Magazine in 1987, written in Modula-2, winning the $5,000 first prize in the magazine's programming competition.
Ports written in BASIC and machine language were published in the June 1987 issue of Compute! for the Amiga, Commodore 64, Apple II, and Atari 8-bit computers as type-in programs. Laser Chess has been re-implemented many times, including a variant Advanced Laser Chess with a larger board and additional pieces, or the new variant LASER CHESS: Deflection with a level editor and more pieces like portals available on Steam.

## Gameplay

Players alternate turns taking two actions with their pieces. An action consists of moving a piece vertically or laterally, rotating a piece 90 degrees, or firing the laser cannon. One piece can teleport pieces that it lands on.
Moving a distance of one square takes one action; moving two squares takes two actions. Since a player has only two actions per turn, the maximum distance a piece can be moved on one turn is two squares. Pieces can be moved forward, backward, left, or right, but not diagonally. However, a player can effectively move a piece diagonally by using two actions—for example, forward and right.
The player can elect to fire the laser cannon. Firing the laser cannon takes only one action, but can be done only once per turn. Therefore, a player may want to use the first action in a turn to aim the laser, rotate a reflecting piece to set up a reflected shot, or move another piece into position. Laser beams are absorbed if they hit the edge of the board.
The laser will bounce off any mirrored piece, so both a player's own and the opponent's pieces may be used to set up a shot. Since a player is focused on creating a path from that player's laser cannon to a target of interest, the player must be aware that a return path is also created for the opponent at the same time.
Some mirrored pieces can be destroyed by aiming the beam at one of their non-reflective sides, and others will simply absorb the beam harmlessly. Each player also has a beam splitter.

## Legacy

In an MS-DOS re-implementation by Peter Venable (1994), the pieces move like normal chess pieces on a 9x9 board, with the laser moving like a king, and a turn consists of making any number of rotations to one's pieces followed by either playing a chess move or firing the laser.
# 2015 Revolution Technologies Pro Tennis Classic – Doubles

Asia Muhammad and Taylor Townsend were the defending champions, but Muhammad chose to participate at the 2015 Open GDF Suez de Cagnes-sur-Mer Alpes-Maritimes instead. Townsend partnered Maria Sanchez and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelina Gabueva and Alexandra Stevenson in the final, 6–0, 6–1.

## Seeds

* Maria Sanchez / Taylor Townsend (champions)
* Hsu Chieh-yu / Jessica Moore (semifinals)
* Florencia Molinero / Patricia Maria Țig (first round; retired)
* Gabriela Cé / Sanaz Marand (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | M Sanchez T Townsend | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Crawford E Harman | 3 | 3 | | 1 | M Sanchez T Townsend | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Kenin A Morozova | 5 | 6 | [3] | | J Boserup J Pegula | 3 | 6$^3$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Boserup J Pegula | 7 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | 1 | M Sanchez T Townsend | 0 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| 4 | G Cé S Marand | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | G Cé S Marand | 6 | 3 | [7] | | | | |
| | M Norris E Raszkiewicz | 3 | 4 | | 4 | G Cé S Marand | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | O Ianchuk I Khromacheva | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | O Ianchuk I Khromacheva | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Daniell P Januskova | 6$^3$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | M Sanchez T Townsend | 6 | 6 |
| | I Neel E Oosterhout | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | A Gabueva A Stevenson | 0 | 1 |
| WC | A Belaya C Woodson | 3 | 6$^5$ | | | I Neel E Oosterhout | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Gabueva A Stevenson | 2 | | | | A Gabueva A Stevenson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | F Molinero PM Țig | 5$^r$ | | | | | | | | | A Gabueva A Stevenson | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| | S Peers R Valdes | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | 2 | C-y Hsu J Moore | 6 | 1 | [7] | | | | |
| | A Kiick S Sanders | 6 | 6 | | | A Kiick S Sanders | 7$^7$ | 6$^4$ | [4] | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Jegiołka P Ormaechea | 6 | 1 | [8] | 2 | C-y Hsu J Moore | 6$^4$ | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | C-y Hsu J Moore | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Lao Bảo

Lao Bảo is a small town in Hướng Hóa District of Quảng Trị Province, Vietnam, located in the North Central Coast region, near the border with Laos. Its population is approximately 30,000.
Lao Bảo is the last Vietnamese town on National Route 9, which runs westwards from Dong Ha near the Vietnamese coast over the Annamite Range into Laos. The road was constructed in 1930 by the French colonial administration to connect the towns along the Mekong River to the Vietnamese coast. As route AH16 in Asian Highway Network, the road continues further westwards through Laos and across the Mekong into Thailand. It is part of the East-West Economic Corridor that stretches 1,450 km, connecting four Mekong region countries: Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar.
As Lao Bảo is located in an advantaged area of commerce and border trade between Vietnam and Laos, this small town has opportunities to do business and exchange timber with Laos and Thailand for profit. Although it is a small town in the border area, it also provides several jobs for the people there. In comparison with the provincial capital of Đông Hà in standard of individual earnings, the earnings of inhabitants of Lao Bao are higher. In Lao Bảo the Sepon River (Vietnamese: Sông Xê-pôn) is the border line between Hướng Hóa and the Savan province of Laos. This river is only 1 meter in depth and its width is about 100 metres. Surrounding the river is a jungle with large, tall trees. Several commerce and trade initiatives with Laos and Thailand have been recently developed in Lao Bảo.

## Border crossing

An international border crossing between Vietnam and Laos is located in Lao Bảo and called the Lao Bao International Border Gate. The checkpoint on the Lao side is called the Dansavan International Border Gate, located in Dansavan village, Savannakhet Province, Laos. Besides conventional Vietnamese visas, the Lao Bao International Border Gate is also an entry point for Vietnamese Evisas.

## Gallery

* The Lao Bảo international border, between Laos and Vietnam.
* A shopping mall in the Lao Bảo special economic zone.
# Lao Bảo Prison

Lao Bao Prison is a prison situated in Lao Bảo, Quảng Trị, 22 km from Khe Sanh, in the village of Duy Tan, commune of TanThanh, district of Hướng Hóa, to the west is the Sepon river, to the east is the high mountain. The prison was constructed in 1908 by the French colonists on an area of about 10ha, completely isolated from the populated areas.
The prison was one of the 5 largest prisons in French Indochina at that time.
The prison was built for local political prisoners. The prison initially had cell A and cell B, including two blocks of cells made of bamboo, earth walls, 15m long 4m high, 5 meters wide. There were only one exit and one entry, it used to be dark inside. From 1931-1932, the French colonists built two more new cells. The new houses had stone wall, concrete floor.
On 17-03-Bảo Đại 9 (30 April 1934) the Bảo Đại Emperor issued an imperial decree stating that only convicted criminals belonging to the male sex not younger than 21 and not older than 50 may be imprisoned at the Lao Bảo Prison, and that criminals convicted under the law common to all may not be grouped together with political prisoners. The decree further stipulated that the management of the Lao Bảo Prison and the Ban Mê Thuột Prison was left to the European civil servants and wasn't the responsibility of the government of the Nguyễn dynasty, unlike other prisons within the territory of the French protectorate of Annam.

## Today

Today, this prison is classified as a special historical site by the Vietnamese government, it is also a local popular tourists destination.
# Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress

The Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress (Union Patriotique pour la Démocratie et le Progrès, UPDP) is a political party in the Republic of the Congo. It is led by Auguste-Célestin Gongarad Nkoua
In opposition to President Pascal Lissouba, the UPDP joined with six other parties to form the Union for Democratic Renewal (URD) opposition coalition on 27 August 1992.
In the parliamentary election held on June 24 and August 5, 2007, the party won 2 out of 137 seats.
# Las Mañanitas metro station

Las Mañanitas is a Panama Metro station on Line 2. It was opened on 25 April 2019 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 between San Miguelito and Nuevo Tocumen. This is an elevated station built above the Pan-American Highway, locally known as Corredor Sur. The station is located between Corredor Sur and Hospital del Este.
# Laskarevo

Laskarevo is a village in the municipality of Sandanski, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria.