OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peruvian Center for International Studies

The Peruvian Center for International Studies (CEPEI) is an institution dedicated to promote, organize and realize investigation projects, analysis, consulting, and publications of international affairs. It was founded in March 1983. Earlier it was Peruvian Centre for Social Studies.
Its members are renowned in the field of law and international relations, and some of them have become foreign affair ministers of the Peruvian government. In 2010, Shashi Tharoor, Indian Minister of State, visited the center.

## Founders

* Roberto Dañino Zapata
* Miguel de Althaus
* Fernando de Trazegnies
* Eduardo Ferrero
* Diego García Sayán
* Roberto Mclean
* Hugo Palma
* Delia Revoredo
* Alejandro san Martin (1936-2005)
* Allan Wagner
# List of mergers in Fukushima Prefecture

Here is a list of mergers in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan since the Heisei era.

## Mergers from April 1, 1999 to Present

* On November 1, 2004 - the village of Kitaaizu (from Kitaaizu District) was merged into the expanded city of Aizuwakamatsu. Kitaaizu District was dissolved as a result of this merger.
* On March 1, 2005 - the towns of Funehiki, Ōgoe, Takine and Tokiwa, and village of Miyakoji (all from Tamura District), were merged to create the city of Tamura.
* On April 1, 2005 - the town of Naganuma, and the village of Iwase (both from Iwase District) were merged into the expanded city of Sukagawa.
* On October 1, 2005 - the towns of Aizuhongō and Aizutakada, and the village of Niitsuru (all from Ōnuma District), were merged to create the town of Aizumisato.
* On November 1, 2005 - the town of Kawahigashi (from Kawanuma District) was merged into the expanded city of Aizuwakamatsu.
* On November 7, 2005 - the old city of Shirakawa absorbed the villages of Higashi, Omotegō and Taishin (all from Nishishirakawa District) to create the new and expanded city of Shirakawa.
* On December 1, 2005 - the old city of Nihonmatsu absorbed the towns of Adachi, Iwashiro and Tōwa (all from Adachi District) to create the new and expanded city of Nihonmatsu.
* On January 1, 2006 - the towns of Date absorbed the towns of Hobara, Ryōzen, Tsukidate and Yanagawa (all from Date District) to create the city of Date.
* On January 1, 2006 - the city of Haramachi merged with the towns of Kashima and Odaka (both from Sōma District) to create the city of Minamisōma.
* On January 4, 2006 - the towns of Shiokawa and Yamato, and the villages of Atsushiokanō and Takasato (all from Yama District) were merged into the expanded city of Kitakata.
* On March 20, 2006 - the town of Tajima, and the villages of Ina, Nangō and Tateiwa (all from Minamiaizu District) were merged to create the town of Minamiaizu.
* On January 1, 2007 - the former town of Motomiya absorbed the village of Shirasawa (both from Adachi District) to create the city of Motomiya.
* On July 1, 2008 - the town of Iino (from Date District) was merged into the expanded city of Fukushima.
# Melicope polybotrya

Melicope polybotrya is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to Lord Howe Island. It has trifoliate leaves and green flowers borne in short panicles in leaf axils.

## Description

Melicope polybotrya is a shrub or tree that typically grows to a height of 3–9 mm (0.12–0.35 in). The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs and trifoliate on a petiole 20–70 mm (0.79–2.76 in) long. The leaflets are more or less round to broadly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 70–120 mm (2.8–4.7 in) long and 70–90 mm (2.8–3.5 in) wide on a petiolule 7–25 mm (0.28–0.98 in) long. The flowers are arranged in panicles 25–50 mm (0.98–1.97 in) long and 15–30 mm (0.59–1.18 in) wide with several to many flowers. The plants are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. The sepals are 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) long and the petals are green, 2–2.5 mm (0.079–0.098 in) long. Flowering occurs in summer and the fruit consists of four follicles 5–6.5 mm (0.20–0.26 in) long and fused at the base, containing spherical black seeds.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1871 by Charles Moore and Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Euodia polybotrya. The description was published in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from specimens collected on Mount Lidgbird. In 2001, Thomas Gordon Hartley changed the name to Melicope polybotrya in the journal Allertonia. The specific epithet comes from the Greek polys (“many”) and botrys (“bunch”), referring to the clusters of flowers in the type specimen.

## Distribution and habitat

Melicope polybotrya grows in sheltered forest and is relatively common, especially at lower elevations and is endemic to Lord Howe Island.
# Stefan Gössling

Stefan Gössling (born 1970) is a Swedish academic who studied geography and biology at the University of Münster in Germany. He is a professor at the Linnaeus University School of Business and Economics and Lund University's Department of Service Management. He is also the research coordinator at the Western Norway Research Institute's Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. Gössling is on the editorial board of the Journal of Sustainable Tourism.
Gössling has published, co-authored or presented a number of academic works, and co-edited the book Climate Change and Aviation: Issues, Challenges and Solutions (2009). With three co-authors he wrote the book's chapter on hypermobility. He also wrote the book Carbon Management in Tourism: Mitigating the Impacts on Climate Change and co-authored a chapter of a Finnish government report on development in a carbon-constrained world.
# Smart Formore

The Smart Formore was a small all-wheel drive SUV, riding on the same platform as the Mercedes-Benz C-Class. The architecture would be shared with the Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class, an SUV that is smaller than the M-Class. Power would have ranged from a 1.8 L straight-4 to a 3.0 L V6, including Diesel versions. Production was to have been carried out at DaimlerChrysler's factory in Juiz de Fora, Brazil, rather than the French Smartville factory.
The Formore was to be Smart's first official entry in the United States market as a Mini SUV that seats 4–5. However, DaimlerChrysler went ahead with a limited entry into the market, with just the Fortwo, essentially in urban areas. Development of the Formore has been halted since April 2005, due to DaimlerChrysler's monetary concerns (the Smart brand had yet to make a profit after eight years in operation, and the Formore was costing more money to develop than anticipated).
A concept version was to be unveiled at the 2005 Frankfurt Auto Show, but the event was cancelled. In 2009, the concept was found in a Mercedes-Benz storage facility in Germany, seemingly parked next to a prototype production version. The concept was officially revealed for the first time in 2019 as part of a Smart concept car photo shoot.
# Apatelodes damora

Apatelodes damora is a moth in the family Apatelodidae. It is found in Brazil.
# Richard Dyer (footballer)

Richard Dyer (born 24 January 1968) is a Montserratian former international footballer who played as a striker.

## Career

He made his international debut for Montserrat in 2000, in a FIFA World Cup qualifying match.
# Photuris pensylvanica

Photuris pensylvanica, known by the common names Pennsylvania firefly, lightning bug, dot-dash firefly and (in its larval state) glowworm, is a species of firefly from the United States and Canada. It is also widely known under the Latin name Photuris pennsylvanica, although the original spelling, with one "n", was common in Latinized names of the time and remains the valid name.

## Description

P. pensylvanica is a somewhat flattened beetle 11 millimetres (0.43 in) to 15 millimetres (0.59 in) in length. Its primary color is black, but it has two bright red eyespots on its thorax, as well as yellow edging on its thorax and wing cases and usually a lengthwise yellow stripe partway down the center of each of the latter. The species is carnivorous, feeding mostly on insects but also on other invertebrates, such as land snails and earthworms. The terminal segments of its abdomen are white-yellow and glow greenish-yellow when the insect manifests its bioluminescence. The females of this species, like those of other members of the genus, lure males of other species by imitating their flash patterns in order to prey on them.

## State insect

In 1974, P. pensylvanica was designated the state insect of Pennsylvania. Its designation as such started with a group of Highland Park Elementary School students in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania. Fireflies are abundant in Pennsylvania and are enjoyed for their ability to "transform a midsummer night into a fairyland of tiny, brilliant twinkling lights" Discovering that there was a species of firefly named after their state and that no other U.S. state had adopted a firefly as its state insect, the students began their campaign to have P. pensylvanica made Pennsylvania's state insect.
With advice and support from state legislators, the students began a campaign that included letter writing, the circulation of petitions, and the distribution of bumper stickers. On April 10, 1974, Governor Milton J. Shapp signed Act 59 into law, making the Pennsylvania firefly their state's official insect. A few years later, Highland Park Elementary School was presented with a bronze plaque in honor of the students' achievement.
Many Pennsylvanians know these insects by the name "lightning bugs" and may have confused "firefly" with "black fly" when that state was plagued by them in 1988. This might be why that year the legislature again confirmed the Pennsylvania firefly's official status and specified it by scientific name. The amended act reads:
   Section 1. The firefly (Lampyridae Coleoptera) of the species Photuris pensylvanica De Geer is hereby selected, designated and adopted as the official insect of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
   (1 amended Dec. 5, 1988, P.L.1101, No.130)
The firefly is also the state insect of Tennessee, but in this case the specific species referred to (if any) may be Photinus pyralis, the most common species of firefly in North America.
# Champagney

Champagney may refer to three communes in France, in the region of Franche-Comté:
* Champagney, Doubs
* Champagney, Jura
* Champagney, Haute-Saône
# Pieter Helbert Damsté

Pieter Helbert Damsté (August 10, 1860 – February 5, 1943) was a Dutch classical scholar.

## Biography

Damsté was born in Wilsum as the son of preacher Barteld Roelof Damsté and Richardina Jacoba Gesina Gallé. His 1885 dissertation was called Adversaria critica ad C. Valerii Flacci Argonautica. He taught Latin at Utrecht University.
# Melicope remyi

Melicope remyi, synonym Platydesma remyi, the Hawai'i pilo kea, is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is endemic to the island of Hawaii. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is on the IUCN Red List of Endangered species.
# Roman Emperor (ship)

Roman Emperor was a full-rigged ship built in 1848.
The Roman Emperor made at least two voyages from England to New Zealand, arriving there in 1860 and 1863. Each voyage carried many immigrants to New Zealand.
The English novelist Samuel Butler arrived in Christchurch (at the port of Lyttelton) on the Roman Emperor in January 1860.
# Smart File System

The Smart File System (SFS) is a journaling filesystem used on Amiga computers and AmigaOS-derived operating systems (though some support also exists for IBM PC compatibles). It is designed for performance, scalability and integrity, offering improvements over standard Amiga filesystems as well as some special or unique features.

## Features

SFS uses block sizes ranging from 512 (2$^9$) to 32768 (2$^{15}$) bytes with a maximum partition size of 128 GB. Its good performance, better than FFS, and lack of need for long "validation" in case of an error, is achieved by grouping multiple directory entries into a single block and by grouping meta data blocks together into clusters. A bitmap is used to keep track of free space, and file data is kept track of using extents arranged into a B+ tree structure.
Integrity is maintained by keeping a transaction log of all changes made to metadata over a certain period of time. The log is written to disk first into free space and then meta data blocks are overwritten directly. Should the system crash, the next time the filesystem is mounted it will notice the uncompleted operation and roll it back to the last known consistent state. For performance reasons, only metadata integrity is ensured. Actual data in files can still be corrupted if a write operation is terminated halfway through. Unlike the original Amiga filesystems, FFS and OFS, filesystem integrity is very rarely compromised by this.
One feature of SFS that is almost unique among Amiga filesystems is its ability to defragment itself while the filesystem is in use, even for locked files. The defragmentation process is almost completely stateless (apart from the location it is working on), which means it can be stopped and started instantly. During defragmentation data integrity is ensured of both meta data and normal data. The filesystem may attempt to move a whole file to a different location when fragmentation is going to occur otherwise.
The filesystem offers a directory containing deleted files for recovery.

## History

SFS is written in C and was originally created and released as freeware in 1998 by John Hendrikx. After the original author left the Amiga scene in 2000, the source code to SFS was released and its development continued by Ralph Schmidt in MorphOS.
Since May 2005 SFSobjec and SFSconfig are available under the GPL license. SFS development has now forked; as well as the original Amiga version, there are now versions for MorphOS, AROS, AmigaOS 3, and a version for AmigaOS 4, which have different feature sets but remain compatible to each other. In addition, there is a driver for Linux to read (experimental to write) Amiga SFS volumes, GRUB natively supports it, and there are free drivers to use it from UEFI.
As of 2008, SFS was one of the independent filesystems still being used on Amiga computers.
Versions for AROS, AmigaOS and MorphOS are based on different branches. The Linux version is independent code.
# Madonna and Child with the Book

The Madonna and Child is an oil on wood painting by the Italian High Renaissance painter Raphael, executed c. 1503. It is housed in the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, California.
# Ria Jende

Ria Jende (October 29, 1898 – after 1927) was a Belgian-German film actress during the silent era. She also produced three of her own films.
Originally from Brussels she moved to Germany at a young age, and began working in the German film industry before the First World War after having been discovered in Berlin by Oskar Messter. She enjoyed particular fame during the early 1920s, but drifted out of public awareness and the year of her death is unknown.

## Selected filmography

* The Blue Mauritius (1918)
* The Devil (1918)
* The Dancer (1919)
* The Last Sun Son (1919)
* The Secret of the American Docks (1919)
* The Princess of Urbino (1919)
* The World Champion (1919)
* The Panther Bride (1919)
* The Japanese Woman (1919)
* Only a Servant (1919)
* The Golden Lie (1919)
* The Heart of Casanova (1919)
* The Bodega of Los Cuerros (1919)
* Madeleine (1919)
* The Gallant King (1920)
* The Black Forest Girl (1920)
* Nixchen (1920)
* Darwin (1920)
* The Secret of Satana Magarita (1921)
* Sunken Worlds (1922)
* The Adventures of Captain Hasswell (1925)
# Santibanez

Santibáñez or Santibanez may refer to:
* Jorge Santibáñez Ceardi (1934–2020), Chilean politician and lawyer
* Bárbara Santibáñez (born 1996), Chilean footballer
* Carlos Santibáñez (born 1986), Argentine football midfielder
* Edwin Santibáñez (born 1980), Mexican retired footballer
* Emanuelle Silva Santibanez, Chilean road skater
* Ignacio Santibáñez (1512–1598), the first Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila
* Joaquín Santibáñez (born 1952), Mexican former Olympic swimmer
* José Daniel Santibáñez (born 1959), Ecuadorian science fiction novelist and comic book writer
* Katia Santibañez (born 1964), French-American multidisciplinary abstract artist
* Luis Santibáñez (1936–2008), Chilean football manager
* Mario Santibáñez (born 1950), Mexican Olympic swimmer
* Marisela Santibáñez (born 1975), Chilean actress, presenter, politician of the Communist Party
* Rogelio Hernández Santibáñez (born 1934), Spanish racing cyclist
* Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Santibáñez Villegas, Knight of the Order of Santiago (1580–1645), Spanish nobleman, politician, writer
# Vitreolina bermudezi

Vitreolina bermudezi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae.
# Ralph Hunter

Ralph Hunter (c. 1921 – June 3, 2002) was an American choral conductor.
He was born circa 1921 in East Orange, New Jersey. He studied at the Juilliard School after serving in the Second World War. His album The Wild, Wild West, by the Ralph Hunter Choir, was nominated for a Grammy award in 1959 in two categories, Best Engineered Recording and Best Folk Performance.
Hunter also taught music at Hunter College, where he became professor of music in 1970.
He died on June 3, 2002, in Grinnell, Iowa, where he lived with his wife Louise.

## Discography

* Christmas Surprises from the Ralph Hunter Choir, 1959, LPM-1968, RCA Victor
* The Wild, Wild West, 1959, LSP-2063, RCA Victor
* Two's Company: The 2 Ralph Hunter Choirs, 1960, LSP-2115, RCA Victor
# Secure end node

A Secure End Node is a trusted, individual computer that temporarily becomes part of a trusted, sensitive, well-managed network and later connects to many other (un)trusted networks/clouds. SEN's cannot communicate good or evil data between the various networks (e.g. exfiltrate sensitive information, ingest malware, etc.). SENs often connect through an untrusted medium (e.g. the Internet) and thus require a secure connection and strong authentication (of the device, software, user, environment, etc.). The amount of trust required (and thus operational, physical, personnel, network, and system security applied) is commensurate with the risk of piracy, tampering, and reverse engineering (within a given threat environment). An essential characteristic of SENs is they cannot persist information as they change between networks (or domains).
The remote, private, and secure network might be organization's in-house network or a cloud service. A Secure End Node typically involves authentication of (i.e. establishing trust in) the remote computer's hardware, firmware, software, and/or user. In the future, the device-user's environment (location, activity, other people, etc.) as communicated by means of its (or the network's) trusted sensors (camera, microphone, GPS, radio, etc.) could provide another factor of authentication.
A Secure End Node solves/mitigates end node problem.
The common, but expensive, technique to deploy SENs is for the network owner to issue known, trusted, unchangeable hardware to users. For example, and assuming apriori access, a laptop's TPM chip can authenticate the hardware (likewise a user's smartcard authenticates the user). A different example is the DoD Software Protection Initiative's Cross Fabric Internet Browsing System that provides browser-only, immutable, anti-tamper thin clients to users Internet browsing. Another example is a non-persistent, remote client that boots over the network.
A less secure but very low cost approach is to trust any hardware (corporate, government, personal, or public) but restrict user and network access to a known kernel (computing) and higher software. An implementation of this is a Linux Live CD that creates a stateless, non-persistent client, for example Lightweight Portable Security. A similar system could boot a computer from a flashdrive or be an immutable operating system within a smartphone or tablet.
# Angus Fraser (clergyman and teacher)

Angus Fraser (April 8, 1931 - October 7, 2018) MFR, was a Catholic priest, educator, and founder of the Via Christi Society who was known for his lifelong commitment to education and mentoring in Nigeria.

## Early life and education

Fraser was born in Cane Cove Grove House, St. Vincent Island, Caribbean. Raised in an Anglican family, his encounter with Catholicism during his schooling at St. Vincent Grammar School led to his conversion. Despite familial resistance, Fraser pursued his education at Mt. St. Benedict’s secondary school, Tunapuna, a school run by Monks from the College of the Benedictine. and St Mary’s College, Port of Spain, Trinidad, eventually embracing priesthood with the Holy Ghost Fathers after studies in Philosophy and Theology and ordination by John Charles McQuaid of Dublin, Ireland in 1959.

## Career

His journey as a missionary commenced with his arrival in the Diocese of Owerri, Nigeria, in 1961. His early days involved service at Our Lady of Fatima church in Kano and subsequent assignments under notable figures like Bishop Godfrey Okoye and Bishop Francis Cardinal Arinze. During his tenure in Port Harcourt, he served as a secretary, teacher, and diocesan liturgist.
Fraser assumed the position of principal at Mt. St. Gabriel’s Secondary School in Makurdi in 1971. He served for 43 years before retiring. His mentees included former Nigerian senate president and cabinet minister, Iyorchia Ayu, ex Attorney General of the Federation, Michael Aondoakaa, afrobeats singer, Tuface Idibia and clergyman William Avenya.

## Contested burial location

Fraser is said to have expressed his desire to be buried in Garkwaa, Plateau State, where he moved to after leaving leadership roles at Via Christ Society and Mount Saint Gabriel’s in 2014. His family had wished for him to be buried in St. Vincent & the Grenadines. The Provincial Leadership Team proposed he should be in London or Aliade, where the Holy Ghost Fathers have a Congregation. However, Rome permitted his burial at Mount Saint Gabriel's Compound in Makurdi.

## Honours

In 2003, Fraser received the Member of the Federal Republic (MFR) National Award from President Olusegun Obasanjo. He was also recognized as the "Best Teacher in Nigeria" and honored with a "Lifetime Achievement Award" by former US President Bill Clinton.
# Timchenko

Timchenko is a gender-neutral Slavic surname originating from the given name Timofey. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dimitriy Timchenko (born 1983), Ukrainian Greco-Roman wrestler
* Galina Timchenko (born 1962), Russian journalist
* Gennady Timchenko (born 1952), businessman, active in the energy trading
* Ilona Timchenko (born 1976), Russian pianist and composer
* Oleg Timchenko, contemporary painter and founder of the “10th Floor Group”
* Stanislav Timchenko (born 1983), Russian figure skater
* Sergei Timchenko (born 1972), Ukrainian politician and sportsman
* Vyacheslav Timchenko (disambiguation) – several people
# Madonna and Child with an Angel (Moretto)

Madonna and Child with an Angel is an oil on canvas painting by Moretto da Brescia, executed c. 1540–1550, now in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan, which acquired it in 1911. It had previously been in Gustavo Frizzoni's collection.