OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sharif al Mujahid

Sharif al Mujahid (1 July 1926 – 27 January 2020) was a Pakistani journalist, historian, author, and professor.

## Education and career

Al Mujahid was born on 1 July 1926 in Madras, India (modern day Chennai). After finishing his BA degree in 1949, he went on to complete a master's degree in Islamic History at Madras University in 1951. He completed additional MA degrees in journalism in 1952 from Stanford University, and in Islamic Studies from McGill University in 1959.
Al Mujahid joined Karachi University as a lecturer in 1955 and later became a professor on 3 July 1972. He was a founding member of the journalism department (now the department of mass communications) at the same university where he mentored a lot of students in journalism including the noted journalist Muhammad Ali Siddiqui. In 1976, he established the Quaid-i-Azam Academy, where he was the founding director. He served as director at the Quaid-i-Azam Academy until 1989.
As a journalist, before the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Sharif al Mujahid participated as an active journalist, starting in 1945, in favor of Pakistan Movement and frequently wrote newspaper articles expressing his views on the topic.
In Pakistan, he contributed his newspaper columns to Dawn newspaper for about six decades.
Mujahid won a Fulbright-Hays scholarship at Stanford University, was a Research Fellow at Mcgill University and a Fellow at the British Council.

## Awards and recognition

* Sitara-i-Imtiaz (Star of Excellence) Award by the President of Pakistan in 2007.
* Lifetime Achievement Award for research work done on the life and achievements of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan by the Jinnah Society in 2018.
* Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah: Studies in Interpretation by Sharif al Mujahid was awarded the President's Award on Best Books on the Quaid-i-Azam in 1981.

## Death and legacy

Al Mujahid died of old age on 27 January 2020 at age 93 at his home in North Nazimabad, Karachi and was later buried ay Karachi University Graveyard. Among his survivors are his four daughters.
His collected papers are held by the Sindh Archives.

## Books

Al Mujahid wrote several books.
* Quaid-i-Azam and His Times
* Quotes of the Quaid
* In Quest of Jinnah
* The Jinnah Anthology
* A Compendium of Muslim League Documents
* Indian Secularism: A Case Study of the Muslim Minority
* Ideological Foundations of Pakistan
* Ideological Orientation of Pakistan
* Ideology of Pakistan
# Absolute generality

In philosophical logic, metaphysics, and the philosophy of language, the problem of absolute generality is the problem of referring to absolutely everything. Historically, philosophers have assumed that some of their statements are absolutely general, referring to truly everything. In recent years, logicians working in the logic of quantification and paradox have challenged this view, arguing that it is impossible for the logical quantifiers to range over an absolutely unrestricted domain.
Philosophers who deny the possibility of absolutely unrestricted quantification (often called generality relativists) argue that attempting to speak absolutely generally generates paradoxes such as Russell's or Grelling's, that absolute generality leads to indeterminacy due to the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem, or that absolute generality fails because the notion of "object" is relative.
Philosophers who believe that we can indeed quantify over absolutely everything (known as generality absolutists), such as Timothy Williamson, may respond by noting that it is difficult to see how a skeptic of absolute generality can frame this view without invoking the concept of absolute generality.
A 2006 book, Absolute Generality, published by Oxford University Press, contains essays on the subject written by both the leading proponents and opponents of absolutely unrestricted quantification.
# Abraham Dickerson Farmhouse

The Abraham Dickerson Farmhouse is a historic residence in the town of Montgomery in Orange County, New York, United States. It is located on West Searsville Road, which was originally the driveway to its entrance.

## History

Abraham Dickerson emigrated to the Hudson Valley from Long Island during the 1760s. He married Anna Mould, the daughter of a prominent local family, and he bought land and built the house and a sawmill on the nearby Dwaar Kill, a tributary of the Wallkill River. The sawmill ceased operations at the end of the century, and a member of another prominent local family, the Van Alsts, bought the house in 1829. Renovations undertaken during this time were in the Greek Revival style then popular.
The back of the house was designed to be a dancing parlor, and both the Dickersons and Van Alsts held many parties there on Saturday nights. When it was used as a boardinghouse in the 1920s, the dances were still well-attended enough that tenants were required to make sure it was available every week.
After that time, the house fell into disuse and was abandoned. It was renovated in the late 1970s and added to the National Register in 1995.
# Abstinence (psychoanalysis)

Abstinence or the rule of abstinence is the principle of analytic reticence and/or frustration within a clinical situation. It is a central feature of psychoanalytic theory – relating especially to the handling of the transference in analysis.
As Sigmund Freud wrote in 1914:
   The cure must be carried through in abstinence. I mean by that not physical self-denial alone, nor the denial of every desire....But I want to state the principle that one must permit neediness and yearning to remain as forces favoring work and change.

## Later formulations

The validity of the abstinence principle has been rediscovered and reaffirmed in a variety of subsequent analytic traditions.
* Jacques Lacan re-formulated the principle via the concept of 'analytic bridge' – the analyst necessarily playing the part of the unresponding dummy to bring the patient's unconscious motivations out into the open.
* Eric Berne saw analytic frustration as a means of avoiding playing a part in the patient's life script.
* R. D. Laing, in the context of the false self saw analytic abstinence operating in opposition to false self collusion: "It is in terms of basic frustration of the self's search for a collusive complement for false identity that Freud's dictum that analysis should be conducted under conditions of maximal frustration takes on its most cogent meaning".
* D. W. Winnicott in the context of his notion of 'holding' the patient emphasised that understanding through verbal interpretation gave a deeper sense of holding than the physical act, use of which by the therapist could blur the symbolic nature of the analytic space.

## Debates

The rule of abstinence has come under increasing challenge by Interpersonal and Intersubjective psychoanalysis, concerned about the inflexibility of the rule, and the way its relentless application may provoke unnecessary hostility, even an iatrogenic transference neurosis.
Defenders of the rule, against the practice of the warm supportive analyst, argue against the easy seductiveness of being overly 'helpful' in a self-defeating way already sketched out by Freud himself. The concept of optimal responsiveness – balancing frustration and gratification from moment to moment – offers some mediation in the dispute.
# She and He (1963 film)

She and He (彼女と彼, Kanojo to kare) is a 1963 Japanese drama film directed by Susumu Hani. It was entered into the 14th Berlin International Film Festival where Sachiko Hidari won the Silver Bear for Best Actress award.

## Plot

A middle-class woman in Tokyo, Naoko Ishikawa (Sachiko Hidari) lives with her husband in a shining new apartment building on a hill overlooking a slum. As her husband Eiichi (Eiji Okada) becomes more entangled in his life as businessman, Naoko looks for ways to expand her own life even as her husband's life shrinks in scope and intimacy. She loses her sense of security when she becomes acquainted with poverty in her neighborhood. She finds herself strangely drawn to a rag-picker, Ikona (Kikuji Yamashita) who lives down below in a tin shack with a blind child and a dog, and the sheltering comforts of her middle-class existence inexorably fall away.

## Cast

* Sachiko Hidari - Naoko Ishikawa
* Kikuji Yamashita - Ikona
* Eiji Okada - Eiichi Ishikawa
* Akio Hasegawa - Laundry Boy
* Yoshimi Hiramatsu - Nakano
* Setsuko Horikoshi - Old lady of book store
* Takanobu Hozumi - Doctor
* Hiromi Ichida - Nurse
* Mariko Igarashi - Blind girl
* Hiro Kasai - Ghetto guy
* Shûji Kawabe - Detective
* Toshie Kimura - Sasaki
* Masakazu Kuwayama - Laundry owner
* Toshio Matsumoto - Laundry man
* Yukio Ninagawa - Balloon guy
* Kazuya Oguri
* Miyoko Takahashi - Ghetto woman

## Awards

In 1964, Sachiko Hidari also won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 14th Berlin International Film Festival for her film The Insect Woman directed by Shohei Imamura. The film was nominated for Golden Bear, but won OCIC Award and Youth Film Award for best feature film. In Japan, Hidari won Best Actress at Blue Ribbon Award, Mainichi Film Award and Kinema Junpo Award.
# Procecidochares kristineae

Procecidochares kristineae is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Procecidochares of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

United States.
# Sharon Halford

Sharon Halford (born 27 November 1953) is a Falkland Islands politician who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly for the Camp constituency from 2009 until 2013. Halford was also a Member of the Legislative Council from 1993–2001 for Stanley.
In 2011 Halford and her husband represented the islands at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton. She also attended the Overseas Territories Joint Ministerial Council meeting in London in 2012 with Jan Cheek and in 2013 Halford took part in a campaign to promote the interests of the Falkland Islanders following the sovereignty referendum. This included representing the Falklands at the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization in New York City and at the annual conference of the British Islands and Mediterranean Region of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. Halford stood for re-election in November 2013, but lost her seat to Phyl Rendell.
# Shek Yam (constituency)

Shek Yam is one of the 31 constituencies of the Kwai Tsing District Council. The seat elects one member of the council every four years. It was first created in the 1994 elections. Its boundary is loosely based on the Shek Yam Estate and Ning Fung Court.

## Councillors represented

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1994 | Ng Chung-tak | Democratic |
| 1999 | Li Chi-fai | Democratic |
| 2003 | Andrew Wan Siu-kin | NWSC |
| 2007 | Andrew Wan Siu-kin | NWSC→Democratic |
| 2011 | Andrew Wan Siu-kin | Democratic |
| 2015 | Li Sai-lung | DAB |
| 2019 | Andrew Wan Siu-kin→Vacant | Democratic |

## Election results
### 2010s

Kwai Tsing District Council Election, 2019: Shek Yam :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Andrew Wan Siu-kin | 4,891 | 56.73 | +7.23 |
| | DAB | Li Sai-lung | 3,731 | 43.27 | −7.23 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,160 | 13.46 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,654 | 70.35 | |
| | Democratic gain from DAB | Democratic gain from DAB | Swing | | |
Kwai Tsing District Council Election, 2015: Shek Yam :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DAB | Li Sai-lung | 2,907 | 50.5 | +13.5 |
| | Democratic | Andrew Wan Siu-kin | 2,853 | 49.5 | –13.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 54 | 1.0 | –25.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,829 | 49.9 | |
| | DAB gain from Democratic | DAB gain from Democratic | Swing | +13.5 | |
Kwai Tsing District Council Election, 2011: Shek Yam :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Andrew Wan Siu-kin | 2,891 | 62.98 | −5.08 |
| | DAB | Wong Ho-yan | 1,700 | 37.02 | +5.08 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,191 | 25.94 | −10.18 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |

### 2000s

Kwai Tsing District Council Election, 2007: Shek Yam :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | NWSC | Andrew Wan Siu-kin | 3,062 | 68.06 | +10.85 |
| | DAB | Lor Hin-wai | 1,437 | 31.94 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,625 | 36.12 | +21.70 |
| | NWSC hold | NWSC hold | Swing | | |
Kwai Tsing District Council Election, 2003: Shek Yam :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | NWSC | Andrew Wan Siu-kin | 2,332 | 57.21 | N/A |
| | Independent | Lui Hok-nang | 1,744 | 42.79 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 588 | 14.42 | N/A |
| | NWSC gain from Democratic | NWSC gain from Democratic | Swing | N/A | |

### 1990s

Kwai Tsing District Council Election, 1999: Shek Yam :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Li Chi-fai | 1,524 | 61.98 | +10.54 |
| | Independent | Lo Yui-chuen | 935 | 38.02 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 589 | 23.96 | +20.52 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |
Kwai Tsing District Board Election, 1994: Shek Yam :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Ng Chung-tak | 1,092 | 51.44 | |
| | Public Affairs Society | Tsui Wing-cheung | 1,031 | 48.56 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 61 | 3.44 | (new) |
| | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) |
# Abraham Siegel

Abraham J. Siegel (November 6, 1922 - January 16, 2011) was Dean (from 1980 to 1987), and later Howard W. Johnson Professor of Management Emeritus in the MIT Sloan School of Management.

## List of Publications
### Books (contributor)

* The Public Interest in National Labor Policy (by an Independent Study Group), Committee for Economic Development., New York, 1961.
* A Work in Progress, The MIT Sloan School of Management 2002: Looking Back, Moving Forward, MIT Sloan School of Management, 2002.

### Books (editor)

* Abraham J. Siegel, ed., The Impact of Computers in Collective Bargaining, MIT Press, 1970. ISBN 9780262190633.
* Abraham J. Siegel and David B. Lipsky, eds., Unfinished Business: An Agenda for Labor, Management, and the Public, MIT Press, 1978. ISBN 0-262-19175-X
# Abraham Simon

Abraham Simon (1617-?1692) was an English medallist in the 17th century who worked closely with his brother Thomas Simon.

## Biography

Simon was born in London in 1617. He worked abroad in Sweden and Holland before returning in 1643. His brother, Thomas, was made Engraver of Coin in 1645. Simon's self-portrait is in the National Portrait Gallery (London), and shows the skills that he brought to the wax models he created. His brother's sketchbook is in the Victoria and Albert Museum. A portrait of him as St. Jerome was painted by Heinrich Dittmers in 1665. Simon is thought to have died around 1692.
# Prostanthera nivea

Prostanthera nivea, commonly known as snowy mint-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub with linear to cylindrical leaves and white flowers arranged in leaf axils near the ends of branchlets and is one of the mint-bushes that is not aromatic.

## Description

Prostanthera nivea is an erect or spreading shrub that grows to a height of 1–4 m (3 ft 3 in – 13 ft 1 in) with four-ridged branches but is not aromatic. The leaves are linear to more or less cylindrical, 10–50 mm (0.39–1.97 in) long and 0.5–2 mm (0.020–0.079 in) wide and sessile. The flowers are arranged in leaf axils near the ends of branches with bracteoles that are inconspicuous or up to 4 mm (0.16 in) long at the base. The sepals are 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long forming a tube 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long with two lobes, the upper lobe 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long. The petals are white to mauve, 14–18 mm (0.55–0.71 in) long with yellow spots inside the tube. Flowering occurs from September to December.

## Taxonomy

Prostanthera nivea was first formally described in 1834 by George Bentham from an unpublished description by Alan Cunningham. Bentham's description was published in his book Labiatarum Genera et Species.
Bentham described two varieties and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* Prostanthera nivea var. induta Benth., an erect, often dense shrub 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) high with branches densely covered with white hairs, leaves mostly 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) wide and leafy, linear bracteoles 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long;
* Prostanthera nivea A.Cunn. ex Benth. var. nivea, an erect, often thin shrub 1–4 m (3 ft 3 in – 13 ft 1 in) high with branches that are glabrous or only sparsely covered with white hairs, leaves mostly 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) wide and inconspicuous bracteoles.

## Distribution and habitat

Snowy mint-bush grows in forest, woodland and heath in south-eastern Queensland, eastern New South Wales and Victoria. Subspecies induta grows in rocky crevices or on ledges in the Warrumbungles with a single collection from the Pilliga forest.
# Nidrou

Nidrou is a town in western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Kouibly Department in Guémon Region, Montagnes District.
Nidrou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Nidrou was 10,343.

## Villages

The seven villages of the sub-prefecture of Nidrou and their population in 2014 are:
* Diotrou (1 360)
* Nidrou (3 359)
* Oulayably (938)
* Pany (514)
* Piandrou (1 098)
* Sahidrou (664)
* Trokpadrou (2 410)
# Kiot

Kiot or KIOT may refer to:
* KIOT (102.5 FM, "Coyote 102.5"), an American radio station licensed to Los Lunas, New Mexico
* Kiot, another name for an icon case (Russian: киот, Ukrainian: кіот, from Greek: κῑβωτός box, ark), a decorated case (usually foldable) or glass shelf for displaying religious icons
* Krishna Institute of Technology, a private engineering institute affiliated to Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow
* Knowledge Institute of Technology, an engineering school located at Kakapalayam, Salem, Tamil Nadu in India
* Kiot, a 2005 collection of poems by Charles Potts
# Ruente

Ruente is a municipality in Cantabria, Spain. It is situated in the lowest part of the Cabuerniga valley and it is the biggest village in the zone.

## La Fuentona

Ruente is well known for its natural water source, La Fuentona, and the medieval bridge and modern park which are situated next to it.
# Leopold Löwy Sr.

Leopold Loewy (Löwy) Sr. (born 1840) was an Austrian chess player.
He took 7th place, while his son Leopold Löwy Jr. took 9th at Vienna 1904 (Carl Schlechter won).
He and his son elaborated and introduced the Loewy Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.f4 Bc5 3.Nf3 d6 4.b4) in the King's Gambit, Declined, Classical Variation [C 30].
# Ngazun Township

Ngazun Township is a township of Myingyan District in the Mandalay Division of Burma. Its capital is Ngazun.
* This Mandalay Region location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Rita, Pococí

Rita is a district of the Pococí canton, in the Limón province of Costa Rica.

## History

Rita was created on 2 July 1971 by Decreto Ejecutivo 1825-G. Segregated from Guápiles.

## Geography

Rita has an area of 502.39 km$^2$ and an elevation of 111 metres.
It presents a territory dominated by the plains, with an average altitude of 111 meters above sea level.
It is located in the northeastern region of the country and borders the districts of Colorado to the north, Guápiles to the south and Cariari to the east. While to the west it borders with the province of Heredia.
Its head, the village of La Rita, is located 9.6 km (17 minutes) to the north of Guápiles and 74.9 km (1 hours 32 minutes) to the northeast of San José the capital of the nation.

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, Rita had a population of 24,041 inhabitants.

## Settlements

The district's population centers are:
* Neighborhoods (Barrios): Cruce de Jordán, Cristo Rey (La Perrera), Peligro, Pueblo Nuevo.
* Villages (Poblados): Balastre, Canta Gallo, Cayuga, Cocorí, Chirvalo, Encina, Gallopinto, Hamburgo, I Griega, Indio, Jardín, Palmitas, Porvenir, Primavera, Rótulo, San Carlos, San Cristóbal, San Pedro, Santa Elena, Sirena, Suárez, Suerte, Tarire, Teresa, Ticabán, Triángulo, Victoria, Prado

## Economy

Banana and pineapple cultivation of extensive modality for export purposes play an important role in the area.
La Rita has health and education services. Entertainment services are also offered in recreational areas.
In terms of trade, the sale of groceries, shoes, clothes and various accessories stands out.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The district is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 247
* National Route 249
* National Route 809
* National Route 814
* National Route 817
# Stacey Muruthi

Stacey Muruthi or Sreerangam Muruthi (born 31 May 1952) is a cricketer from Singapore and a former captain of the Singapore national cricket team.
Muruthi had made significant contributions to cricket in Singapore: He holds the record for playing 45 consecutive years in the Singapore Cricket Association (SCA) league since 1968, at the age of 60.
Muruthi first played for the Combined Schools, a Singapore Cricket Association Division 2 team in 1968. Two years later, he was playing for the national team, becoming one of the youngest national cricket player, while still a student at Victoria School, at the age of 17. He was on the national team until 2001, including spells as captain in 1976, 1979–1989 and 1994. His sons, Peter and James, are also Singapore cricket internationals.
Muruthi's most notable performance came on 21 February 1973, when playing for a Singapore Selection, he took 4/55 against the Pakistan side in a friendly at the Padang. One of his four wickets was Pakistan captain and batting ace Majid Khan. Zaheer Abbas, regarded as one of the finest batsman produced by Pakistan, commented that "Muruthi, once he masters the art of varying his flight and speed can find a place in any country side."

## Statistics

Muruthi played 23 ICC Trophy matches between 1979 and 1997, scoring 190 runs at an average of 15.83 and taking 22 wickets at an average of 25.63.

## Personal life

Muruthi's sons Peter and James Muruthi, nephews Anish, Navin and Prasheen Param, and niece Diviya G K have also represented Singapore in international cricket.
# Mecidiye

Mecidiye or Médjidié may refer to:
* Mecidiye, Bozkurt
* Mecidiye, Ezine
* Mecidiye, Erzincan
* Mecidiye, Karacabey, a village
* Mecidiye, Keşan, a village
* Mecidiye, Lapseki
* Mecidiye, Savaştepe, a village
* Order of the Medjidie
* Ottoman cruiser Mecidiye
# Procedural officers and senior officials of the parliament of Canada

The procedural officers and senior officials of the Parliament of Canada are responsible for the administration of the Senate and the House of Commons:

## Senate

* Clerk of the Senate and Clerk of the Parliaments
* Deputy Clerk of the Senate of Canada
* Law Clerk and Parliamentary Counsel of the Senate of Canada
* Usher of the Black Rod of the Senate of Canada
* Senate Ethics Officer

## House of Commons

* Clerk of the House of Commons
* Deputy Clerk of the House of Commons
* Clerk Assistant
* Law Clerk and Parliamentary Counsel
* Sergeant-at-Arms

## Library of Parliament

The Parliamentary Librarian is an officer of the parliament of Canada and in charge of the library on Parliament Hill.
# Robert Marsh

Robert Marsh may refer to:
* Robert T. Marsh (1925–2017), United States Air Force general
* Robert H. Marsh (born 1952), American politician and political aide
* Robert McC. Marsh (1878–1958), American lawyer, politician, and judge
* Robert Marsh (cyclist) (born 1968), cyclist from Antigua and Barbuda
* Robert Marsh (banker), governor of the Bank of England, 1762–1764
* Robert Burkall Marsh (born 1950), Welsh-born painter in New Zealand