OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Raymond Breton

Raymond Breton, OP (Baune, 3 September 1609 – Caen, 8 January 1679) was a French Dominican missionary and linguist among the Caribbean Indians, and in particular the Garifuna (formerly known as Black Caribs to Europeans, and as Callinago amongst themselves).

## Life

Breton entered the Order of St. Dominic at the age of seventeen and was sent (1627) to the priory of St. Jacques, at Paris, to finish his classical education and make his course of philosophy and theology. Having obtained his degree in theology, he sailed with three other Dominicans for the French West Indies in 1635, and was among the first Europeans to live on Guadeloupe.
Breton devoted nearly twenty years to missionary activity in the Antilles. From 1641 to 1651 he was on Dominica, living with the Island Caribs. He also spent time going from island to island, teaching and evangelizing the natives in their own tongue, through which he became an adept in the various Carib languages. According to Breton, he arrived on Saint Vincent at one point, but did not stay because local Caribs had killed two prior proselytizers.
Returning to France in 1654, he devoted much of his time to preparing young priests for the West Indian missions.

## Works

Breton was responsible for the following works:
* A Catechism of the Christian Doctrine in Carib (Auxerre, 1664);
* A French-Carib and Carib-French dictionary, with copious notes, historical and explanatory, on what Breton took to be the Carib language (ibid., 1665) - linguist Douglas Macrae Taylor stated that it was "quite clear that the language described by Breton (in the Lesser Antilles) was Arawak, not Carib (though containing many Carib elements)";
* a Carib grammar (ibid., 1667).
At the request of the general of the order, he also wrote a valued history of the first years of the French Dominicans' missionary work among the Caribbean Indians:
* Relatio Gestorum a primis Praedicatorum missionariis in insulis Americanis ditionis gallicae praesertim apud Indos indigenas quos Caribes vulgo dicunt ab anno 1634 ad annum 1643 (MSS).
This is of historical importance, and has been used by several writers.
# Albert Ondo Ossa

Albert Ondo Ossa is a Gabonese politician, member of civil society and associate professor of economics at Omar Bongo University.

## Career

In 1987, Albert Ondo Ossa passed the competitive examination for the faculties of economics and management in Dakar (Senegal). He then went through all the university grades at the Omar Bongo Ondimba University to become from 1988 to 1990 head of the economics department and then in 1990 dean of the faculty of law and economics. In 1993, he founded, within the same university, the Laboratory of Applied Economics (LEA) of which he is the director, and whose journal has been published since 2013. In 1996 he obtained the rank of full professor. This academic career is also characterized by union activism. He was a member of the SNEC (National Union of Teachers and Researchers) from 1990 to 1998. This was the first free union which made a decisive contribution, in 1990 in Gabon.
Albert Ondo Ossa has contributed to and/or conducted work in the sub-region on questions of coordination of budgetary policies, monetary policies, and other economic, social and political issues. He has worked in particular as a consultant to the Ministry of Planning of Gabon and the United Nations on the Gabon 2025 project.

## Political career

In 2006, Albert Ondo Ossa joined the government, under the leadership of President Omar Bongo and Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong. He was successively Minister of National Education and Higher Education (2006), Minister of Higher Education and Research (2007), Minister of Scientific Research & Technological Development (2008) . He was a candidate for the 2009 presidential election following the death of President Omar Bongo Ondimba.

### 2023 general election and coup

In the run-up to the 2023 Gabonese general election held on 26 August, six opposition parties joined together to form Alternance 2023. After discussion in the Alternance 2023 collective, he was chosen as the main opposition candidate against Ali Bongo Ondimba. The election result was annulled following the coup d'état four days later.
Following the coup, Ossa has stated that he wishes for the military to handover power of Gabon to him. He also criticized the coup, calling it "a disappointment", a "family affair" and a "palace revolution", claiming that it had been orchestrated by Bongo's estranged sister Pascaline Bongo and noting that it was led by General Brice Oligui, who was also Bongo's cousin. In conjunction with the election, he called the recent events "two coups in one".
# Albert Onyembo Lomandjo

Albert Onyembo Lomandjo (July 6, 1931 – January 11, 2016) was a Roman Catholic bishop.
Ordained to the priesthood in 1958, Onyembo Lomandjo was appointed bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1966 resigning in 1978.
# Solaster

Solaster is a genus of sea stars in the family Solasteridae.

## Species

The following species are listed in the World Register of Marine Species:
* Solaster abyssicola Verrill, 1885
* Solaster benedicti Verrill, 1894
* Solaster caribbaeus Verrill, 1915
* Solaster dawsoni Verrill, 1880
** S. d. arcticus Verrill, 1914
** S. d. dawsoni Verrill, 1880
* Solaster earlli Verrill, 1879
* Solaster endeca (Linnaeus, 1771)
* Solaster exiguus Fisher, 1910
* Solaster glacialis Danielssen & Koren, 1881
* Solaster haliplous Djakonov, 1958
* Solaster hexactis Clark & Jewett, 2011
* Solaster hypothrissus Fisher, 1910
* Solaster intermedius Hayashi, 1939
* Solaster longoi Stampanato & Jangoux, 1993
* Solaster namakae Mah, 2022
* Solaster notophrynus Downey, 1971
* Solaster pacificus Djakonov, 1938
* Solaster paxillatus Sladen, 1889
** S. p. celebesensis Aziz & Jangoux, 1985
* Solaster regularis Sladen, 1889
** S. r. regularis Sladen, 1889
** S. r. subarcuatus Sladen, 1889
* Solaster spectabilis Clark and Jewett, 2011
* Solaster stimpsoni Verrill, 1880
* Solaster syrtensis Verrill, 1894
* Solaster torulatus Sladen, 1889
* Solaster tropicus Fisher, 1913
* Solaster uchidai Hayashi, 1939
# Sojourner Truth (biography)

Sojourner Truth: Ain't I a Woman? is a 1992 children's biography by Patricia and Frederick McKissack. It tells the story of African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist, Sojourner Truth.

## Reception

The School Library Journal, in a review of Sojourner Truth wrote "With compassion and historical detail, the McKissacks offer a rich profile of Isabella Van Wagener. .. the McKissacks emphasize the condition of African-Americans from 1797-1883, their subject's convictions and magnetism, her contributions to the welfare of her people, and her involvement with other influential abolitionists and activists during the last 40 years of her life."
Sojourner Truth has also been reviewed by Booklist, Kirkus Reviews, and Publishers Weekly.

## Awards

* 1992 CCBC Choice
* 1993 Boston Globe–Horn Nonfiction Book Award – winner
* 1993 Coretta Scott King Book Author Award – honor
# Reacting Gas Dynamics Laboratory

The Reacting Gas Dynamics Laboratory (RGD) is a research facility at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
The RGD researches methods for deriving high-efficiency, low-carbon energy from hydrocarbon sources or hybridized with concentrated solar thermal energy through thermochemical conversion and combustion. The RGD receives funding from a number of sources both public and private. These include the U.S. Department of Energy, the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, BP, ENEL, Bosch GmbH, and the Ford Motor Company. The lab also is in collaborations with the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, and Masdar in Abu Dhabi, as well as other departments and faculty within MIT.
Specifically, the lab develops, validates and applies simulation techniques, from the submicron scale to full system scale, to engineer low-CO$_2$ energy systems. Examples of the simulation work include studies of thermoacoustic instability and multiphysics multiscale simulations of entrained flow gasification. These simulations are supported by high-performance computing systems and high-resolution optical diagnostics. The long-term goals of the lab include innovation in clean combustion for propulsion and power, gasification for power and biofuel production, and oxy-combustion and electrochemical/thermochemical conversion in ion transport membrane reactors and high-temperature fuel cells.
The chief faculty director of the laboratory is Prof. Ahmed Ghoniem of MIT's Mechanical Engineering Department.
# Reactance

Reactance may refer to:
* Electrical reactance, the opposition to a change in voltage due to capacitance (capacitive reactance) or in current due to inductance (inductive reactance); the imaginary component of AC impedance
* Magnetic reactance, a similar effect in magnetism
* Reactance (psychology), an emotional reaction to pressure or persuasion that results in the strengthening or adoption of a contrary belief
# Albany metropolitan area

The Albany metropolitan area may refer to:
* The Albany, Georgia metropolitan area, United States
* The Albany, New York metropolitan area, United States, also known as the Capital District
* The Albany, Oregon metropolitan area, United States
# Albany and Schenectady Railroad

The Mohawk & Hudson Railroad was the first railroad built in the state of New York and one of the first railroads in the United States. It was so-named because it linked the Mohawk River at Schenectady with the Hudson River at Albany. It was conceived as a means of allowing Erie Canal passengers to quickly bypass the circuitous Cohoes Falls via steam powered trains.
The railroad was incorporated on April 17, 1826, as the Mohawk & Hudson Company and opened for public service on August 9, 1831. On April 19, 1847, the company name was changed to the Albany & Schenectady Railroad. The railroad was consolidated into the New York Central Railroad on May 17, 1853.

## History

On December 28, 1825, Schenectady County resident (Duanesburg) George William Featherstonhaugh (pronounced Fenshaw) ran a newspaper notice announcing the formation of the Mohawk & Hudson Rail Road Company. The intention was to bypass the Erie Canal between Albany and Schenectady, cutting time for the trip from a whole day to under one hour. The Mohawk & Hudson became the first chartered railroad in New York State on April 17, 1826.
Construction began in August 1830 and the railroad opened September 24, 1831, on a 16-mile route between Albany and Schenectady through the Pine Bush region that separates both cities. The civil engineer Peter Fleming surveyed the right-of-way and provided the cost estimates. Fleming resigned in 1830 and was replaced by John B. Jervis. The tracks were made of strap rail resting on stone blocks rather than crossties that later became standard. Initially the line ended outside the two cities to avoid steep grades — in Albany the line ended near the current intersection of Madison and Western Avenues — and the passengers covered the remaining distance in stagecoaches. Later at each end an inclined plane with a fixed steam engine was used to raise and lower the train.
The DeWitt Clinton locomotive, built by the West Point Foundry in New York, made its first test run on July 2, 1831. After some hesitation it was decided that the engine would burn wood rather than coal. The official opening took place on September 24, 1831, with approximately eighty politicians and dignitaries. The DeWitt Clinton, pulling three cars, covered the route in forty-seven minutes. Another eight cars had to be pulled by horses.
In 1832, a rider wrote in his journal.
   June 28, arrive in Schenectady. Among the astonishing inventions of man, surely that of the locomotive steam engine hath no secondary rank. By this matchless exercise of skill, we fly with a smooth and even course along once impassible barriers, the valleys are filled, the mountains laid low, and distance seems annihilated. I took my seat as near as possible to the car containing the engine, in order to examine more minutely the operation of this, to me, novel and stupendous specimen of human skill. Having thus, as if by some invisible agency flown the distance of 16 miles in 40 minutes, at Schenectady I took passage on the Hudson and Erie Canal for Buffalo.
# Raymond Holmes

Raymond Holmes may refer to:
* Ray Holmes (1914–2005), British Royal Air Force pilot
* Raymond Holmes (surveyor), Australian surveyor
# Solids control

Solids control is a process used in drilling rigs which use drilling fluid. It involves separating the "cuttings" (drilled material) from the fluid, allowing it to be recirculated or discharged to the environment.

## Background

Drilling rigs are drilling systems for creating boreholes in the ground. They use drilling fluid (also known as drilling mud) as lubricant and coolant for the drill bit and to clear the cuttings out of the hole. The drilling fluid needs to have the cuttings removed before being recirculated or discharged, which is achieved by the solids control system attached to the rig.

## Operation

Solids control systems consist of several stages of treatment, removing progressively finer particles from the drilling fluid.

### Screen separation

The principle of screen separation is to pass the drilling fluid over the screens with different size holes, allowing fluid and small particles to pass through while separating larger particles. It is used to filter large solids out of the drilling mud, typically with particle sizes above 75μm. The machines that use this principle are called shale shakers, and consist of a series of vibrating screens that the mud passes over. When working effectively these machines can remove up to 80% of the cuttings from the drilling fluid.

### Settling separation

Settling separation relies on gravity to draw solid particles down through the fluid in vessels called mud pits or silt pits. The fluid flow rate is reduced, allowing the particles to drift down while the clean fluid is drawn off. This stage of separation deals with particle sizes between 15μm and 74μm.

### Forced separation

Forced separation relies on perceived centrifugal force pushing solid particles to the outside of a rotating body of fluid. Machines that use this principle include centrifuges and hydrocyclones. The drilling fluid is injected into a cone-shaped vessel at high pressure, allowing the clean fluid to be drawn off from the top of the chamber. An alternate design relies on a rapidly rotating drum, which flings the solids in the drilling fluid to the outside of the cylinder to be drawn off as a thick sludge.

### Gas separation

Sometimes gas can get into the drilling fluid from the rock that the borehole passes through. This can reduce the density of the fluid, causing structural issues in the well. A vacuum is applied to remove the gas from the fluid, then vented or flared off.
# Lake Shaster

Lake Shaster is a hypersaline lake in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, approximately 90 km (56 mi) west of Esperance.
The lake is located in the Lake Shaster Nature Reserve which is found on either side of the Oldfield Estuary Reserves. The 479-hectare (1,180-acre) lake is one of the largest lakes in the district and supports few waterbirds.
# Kallima knyvetti

Kallima knyvetti, the scarce blue oakleaf, is a species of leaf mimic butterfly found in Southeast Asia.

## Description

Male upperside forewing: basal area to near apex of cell and thence obliquely to the zigzag subterminal line as it crosses interspace 1 dark green, succeeded by a black line along the discocellulars, and a broad sinuous discal band (not curved as in Kallima horsfieldii) bluish white below vein 3, pure white with bluish suffused inner margin above vein 3 to costa; measured on the costal margin, the outer edge of this band less than half the length of the wing from base, the rest of the wing to apex black, with a preapical white spot; a medial discal hyaline (glass-like) spot in interspace 2. Hindwing: dark ochraceous brown, the costal margin and apex broadly and the abdominal fold much paler brown, irrorated (sprinkled) with scattered dusky scales; vein 1 and the abdominal fold with long soft brown, hairs. Forewings and hindwings with a dark subterminal zigzag line commencing somewhat below vein 3 on the forewing. Underside as in Kallima inachus protectively coloured. Antennae black; head and thorax anteriorly dark green, thorax posteriorly and abdomen olivaceous brown.
Wingspan 108–112 mm.

## Distribution

Sikkim; Bhutan: Assam, the Naga Hills; Tenasserim.
# Anna Laurens Dawes

Anna Laurens Dawes (May 14, 1851 – September 25, 1938) was an American author and anti-suffragist. She was the daughter of Henry Laurens Dawes (October 30, 1816 – February 5, 1903), a Republican United States Senator and Representative of Massachusetts.
Dawes created the Wednesday Morning Club in 1879 and was its president for sixty years. She later became a trustee of Smith College (1889–1896). In 1883, she secured governmental aid for the Leif exposition to search for Major General A. W. Greely, who had been missing in the Arctic for three years. Dawes served on the board of the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1892–1894, as well as the St. Louis Exposition of 1902–1904.
Notable works include How We are Governed (1885), The Modern Jew: His Present and his Future (1886), A United States Prison (1886), An Unknown Nation (1888), Charles Sumner (1892), and The Indian as Citizen (1917).

## Biography

Anna Laurens Dawes was born in North Adams, Massachusetts, and her family later moved to the town of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Though she attended both the Maplewood Institute and Abbot Academy, Dawes did not graduate from either institution. She also did not have any formal college education. She spent much of her life in Washington, D.C., with her father, coming back to Massachusetts shortly after his death in 1903. She was married to James J Dawes, but they divorced.
Though she got her start writing for newspapers, her main area of interests was the support of women's education. Because of these interests she was considered a beloved and generous alumna of Abbot Academy, serving as president of the Alumnae Association for two terms (1910-1914). A building at Smith College is named after her (Dawes House).

### Professional life and activism

Despite her lack of a formal education, Anna Dawes began a successful career as a writer at the age of twenty, joining her father in Washington D.C. There, she became a correspondent for the Springfield Republican, the Boston Congregationalist, and the Christian Union.
Dawes spent much of her life assisting her father in Washington, serving as his private secretary. This allowed her to meet many of the presidents and other political figures up until her father's death in 1903. Political in her own right, Anna Dawes belonged to many women's groups and was very active in political groups that piqued her interest, especially those that pertained to women's education (later becoming a trustee of Smith College from 1889-1896). This included groups like the Wednesday Morning Club, which Dawes established in 1879 and served as president for sixty years. In 1883, she secured governmental aid for the Leif exposition to search for Major General A. W. Greely, who had been missing in the Arctic for three years. She was also the vice-president of the Massachusetts State Anti-Suffrage Society. Dawes served on the board of the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1892-1894, as well as the St. Louis Exposition of 1902-1904.
# Our Lady of the Angels Academy

Our Lady of the Angels Academy is a historic Catholic school in rural Belle Prairie Township, near Little Falls, Minnesota. The school was built in 1911 and underwent expansions in 1931, 1951, and again in 1958. The academy closed in May of 1969 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 28, 2005, for its significance as a local example of the national Catholic school system.
# Mike Larnach

Michael David Larnach (born 9 November 1952) is a Scottish footballer, who played for East Stirlingshire, Clydebank, Newcastle United, Motherwell, Ayr United and Stenhousemuir.
# Adamonis

Adamonis is a Lithuanian family name. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Adamonis, Polish professional dancer and actor
* Brad Adamonis, American professional golfer
* Marius Adamonis, Lithuanian professional footballer
# Schoch circles

In geometry, the Schoch circles are twelve Archimedean circles constructed by Thomas Schoch.

## History

In 1979, Thomas Schoch discovered a dozen new Archimedean circles; he sent his discoveries to Scientific American's "Mathematical Games" editor Martin Gardner. The manuscript was forwarded to Leon Bankoff. Bankoff gave a copy of the manuscript to Professor Clayton Dodge of the University of Maine in 1996. The two were planning to write an article about the Arbelos, in which the Schoch circles would be included; however, Bankoff died the year after.
In 1998, Peter Y. Woo of Biola University published Schoch's findings on his website. By generalizing two of Schoch's circles, Woo discovered an infinite family of Archimedean circles named the Woo circles in 1999.

## Circles

* Gallery of Schoch's Twelve Circles
* Circles a and b
* Circles c and d
* Circle e
* Circles f and g
* Circles h
* Circles i and j
* Circles k and l
# Kopsia pauciflora

Kopsia pauciflora is a tree in the family Apocynaceae. The specific epithet pauciflora means 'few-flowered'.

## Description

Kopsia pauciflora grows up to 10 metres (30 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 15 centimetres (6 in). The bark is grey, olive-brown or white. Its flowers feature a white corolla, sometimes with yellow or green. The fruits are black when ripe.

## Varieties

As of February 2023, Plants of the World Online accepted two varieties:
* Kopsia pauciflora var. mitrephora (Sleesen) D.J.Middleton – Borneo
* Kopsia pauciflora var. pauciflora – Borneo, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, Sumatra, and Thailand

## Distribution and habitat

Kopsia pauciflora is native to Thailand, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra and Borneo. Its habitat is forests from sea level to 700 metres (2,300 ft) altitude.

## Conservation

Kopsia lancifolia was assessed as "vulnerable" in the 1998 IUCN Red List, where it is said to be native only to Sabah on the island of Borneo. As of February 2023, K. lancifolia was regarded as a synonym of Kopsia pauciflora var. pauciflora, which has a much wider distribution.
# Saint-Dier-d'Auvergne

Saint-Dier-d'Auvergne (French pronunciation:) is a small village-town in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in central France. The commune of Saint-Dier-d'Auvergne is part of the canton of Billom and of the arrondissement of Clermont-Ferrand.

## Geography

The altitude of the commune of Saint-Dier-d'Auvergne ranges between 416 and 700 meters. The area of the commune is 20.15 km$^2$. The nearest larger towns are Courpière (10 km to the northeast) and Billom (12 km to the northwest).

## Population and housing

In 2019, Saint-Dier-d'Auvergne had a population of 542. As of 2019, there are 416 dwellings in the commune, of which 265 primary residences.

## Notable people

* Clotilde Dissard (1873–1919), journalist, feminist
# Sajik station

Sajik Station (Korean: 사직역; Hanja: 社稷驛) is a station of Busan Metro Line 3 in Sajik-dong, Dongnae District, Busan, South Korea. It is associated with the Busan Sajik Baseball Stadium, home of the Lotte Giants.
# Pelton Pond

Pelton Pond is an 8-acre (3.2 ha) pond within Clarence Fahnestock State Park in northern Putnam County, in the U.S. state of New York.
According to an 1849 source it is named after a local miner.
# Saint-Martin-de-la-Porte

Saint-Martin-de-la-Porte is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It is best known as the location of one of the access points for the boring of the main tunnel of the Turin–Lyon high-speed railway.