OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charity auction

Charity auctions are a way of raising funds for charities. These events are typically hosted in hotels or ballrooms, and dinner or cocktails may be served to guests. Charity auctions aimed at business leaders and other well-off potential donors often take the form of a formal gala.
According to the New York Times, items that sell well in such auctions are experiential items that cannot typically be bought in the store, including meetings with celebrities, an autographed guitar, and naming rights for characters in a forthcoming novel. In one notable example, Musician Eric Clapton sold 100 of his guitars in a charity auction in 1999 and raised $5 million for his substance abuse treatment facility.
In a charity auction the winning payment benefits a cause that is presumably valued by the bidder as well as competing bidders. Thus, the bidder receives a benefit from his own payment – both the item won and the value the donation supports the organization – and other bidders do as well, as their charity is supported. Therefore, bidders have two objectives that could be in conflict with one another: to win items that they value but also to support a charitable cause in part by driving up the price.
This makes the charity auction a public good, and that means that bidders may be incentivized to lose. This introduces a free-rider problem. If the free-rider problem dominates, then bids and consequently auction revenues would be depressed. On the other hand, bids could rise because they are subsidized by charitable sentiment Theoretical work has investigated the properties of different formats of charity auctions under the assumption that bidders care about the charity's revenue. The general result is that private benefits from charitable giving can translate into a “charity premium,” an increase in auction revenue resulting from charitable donations.

## Different Academic Approaches to Charity Research

There are three primary approaches to academic research on charity auctions: (1) utility-based (Economics discipline), (2) appeals-based (Marketing discipline), and (3) societal-based (Sociology discipline).

## Altruism

Altruism is commonly considered to be the principle motive in donation behavior, and this altruism could very much depend on the proportion of the proceeds that is donated to charity. Altruism is often confused with empathy, leading to paradoxes such as avoiding fundraisers.
# Peter G. Tessier

Peter Germon Tessier (1819 – 1886) was an English-born merchant in Newfoundland. He served in the Legislative Council of Newfoundland.
He was born in Newton Abbott, Devon and came to Newfoundland with his brother Lewis in 1842. The brothers were partners with Samuel Langley until 1847, when they opened a fishery supply business. The company expanded into the trade in salt cod; it continued to operate after his death, closing in 1893.
Tessier was married twice: first to Anne Carter and then to Jane Weston (née Carter); both were daughters of Robert Carter. His son James C. Tessier served in the Newfoundland assembly.
# Soaru Range

Soaru Range also known as Sewori Range is a mountain range in the Southern Highlands Province in central part of Papua New Guinea, 500 km north-west of Port Moresby is the nation's capitol.
Populated places within range include Wembu.
# Rufous-bellied bush tyrant

The rufous-bellied bush tyrant (Myiotheretes fuscorufus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in the eastern Andes of Peru and Bolivia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.
# Richard Furness

Richard Furness (2 August 1791 – 13 December 1857) was a British poet.

## Biography

Richard Furness was known as "The Poet of Eyam" after the village in Derbyshire, England where he was born on 2 August 1791. His parents, Samuel and Margaret sent him to school, although he could already read fluently by the age of four. He initially got a job keeping accounts locally but then went as apprentice to a currier in Chesterfield at the age of fourteen. He was able to extend his linguistic skills by learning French from prisoners of war. He learned mathematics and music and at the age of seventeen he was a Wesleyan preacher.
Four years later he walked to London, and enlisted as a soldier. He did not, however, give up preaching. At the request of Dr. Adam Clarke, he spoke at the City Road Chapel. After a year he returned to Derbyshire. He separated from the Methodists at about this time because he wrote a patriotic song which was sung in a public house. In 1813 he started business at Eyam as a currier, but trade was neglected for music, poetry, and mathematics.
His prospects were not improved when in 1816 he ran away with and married Frances Ibbotson of Hathersage. In 1821 he became schoolmaster in the free school at Dore which was then in Derbyshire. He also acted as vestry and parish clerk, but showed his independence of mind and action by invariably closing his book and resuming his seat at the recitation of the Athanasian Creed. He practised medicine and surgery, and when the ancient chapel of Dore was pulled down, his plans for a new church were adopted. He only superintended the erection of the building, but carved the ornamented figures which adorn the structure. On a change of incumbent at Dore he retired from his office of schoolmaster on a pension of £15. The only duties he had now to perform were those of district registrar, which yielded him twelve pounds a year. In no year of his life did his income exceed eighty pounds.
His first publication was a satirical poem entitled the 'Rag Bag’ in 1832. His next was 'Medicus-Magus, a poem, in three cantos,’ Sheffield, 1836, 12mo, in which he depicted the manners, habits, and limited intelligence in the more remote parts of Derbyshire, the local terms being elucidated by a glossary. The title was afterwards altered to 'The Astrologer.' Many of his miscellaneous poems were printed in the 'Sheffield Iris'. After his death a collected edition of his 'Poetical Works’, with a sketch of his life by Dr. G. Calvert Holland, was published (Sheffield, 1858, 8vo). His verse is antiquated but forcible. One of his short pieces, the 'Old Year's Funeral,’ was thought by James Montgomery to be worthy of comparison with Coleridge's ode 'On the Departing Year.'
His wife died in 1844, and in 1850 he took as a second wife, Mary, widow of John Lunn of Staveley, Derbyshire. He died on 13 December 1857, and was buried at Eyam church.
# Sara Sefchovich

Sara Sefchovich (born Sara Sefchovich Wasongarz; April 2, 1949 in Mexico City) is a Mexican writer.

## Biography

She studied sociology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), earning a master's degree in 1987 and a doctorate degree in 2005 in History of Mexico. Later, she also did research at the Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales ("Institute of Social Research") of the institution. She has written articles for the magazines Fem, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, Cuadernos de Comunicación, Los Universitarios, Revista de la Universidad de México, Casa del Tiempo, La Semana de Bellas Artes, La Cultura en México, Sábado and the newspapers La Jornada and El Universal.
Her first novel Demasiado amor earned her the Agustín Yáñez Award in 1990 and was adapted in 2002 into the film of the same name starring Ari Telch. She has also written La señora de los sueños (1993) and La suerte de la consorte (1999).
In 1995 she participated in the homage to Luis Spota at the Palacio de Bellas Artes with other prominent writers such as Jaime Labastida, Elda Peralta, Pedro Angel Palou, Bernardo Ruiz and Cuban writer Lisandro Otero.

## Awards

* Agustín Yáñez Award (1990)
* Plural de Ensayo Award (1989)
* Gabino Barreda Medal by the UNAM (1989)

## Works
### Books

* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries
* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries
* Vivir la vida (2000), ISBN 968-19-0803-1
* La suerte de la consorte (1999; 2002, second edition), ISBN 970-651-214-4
* La señora de los sueños (1993), ISBN 968-406-163-3
* Demasiado amor (1990), ISBN 968-406-308-3
* País de Mentiras (2009), ISBN 978-607-400-043-6

### Essays

* Veinte preguntas ciudadanas a la mitad más visible de la pareja presidencial con todo y sus respuestas (también ciudadanas) (2004)
* La teoría de la literatura de Luckacs (1978)
* Ideología y ficción en la obra de Luis Spota (1985)
* México: país de ideas, país de novelas (una sociología de la literatura mexicana) (1987)

### Translations

* El patriarcado capitalista y la situación del feminismo socialista (1980) of Zilla H. Eisenstein.
# Voltaire Foundation

The Voltaire Foundation is a research department of the University of Oxford, founded by Theodore Besterman in the 1970s. It publishes the definitive edition of the Complete Works of Voltaire (Œuvres complètes de Voltaire), as well as Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment (previously SVEC, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century), a monograph series devoted to the eighteenth century, and the correspondences (letters) of several key French thinkers. Directed by Professor Nicholas Cronk, it forms part of Oxford's Humanities Division.

## Origin

In the 1950s, the bibliographer and translator Theodore Besterman started to collect, transcribe and publish all of Voltaire's writings. He founded the Voltaire Institute and Museum in Geneva where he began publishing collected volumes of Voltaire's correspondence. During the final years of his life, Besterman opened discussions with the University of Oxford. These culminated in him naming the university his residuary legatee and arranging for the posthumous transfer of his collection of books and manuscripts, which included many collective editions, to the Taylor Institution (the university centre for modern languages). The Institution dedicated a room as the Voltaire Room in January 1975, to house Besterman's collection and The Taylor Institution's own. Following Besterman’s death on 10 November 1976, the Voltaire Foundation was vested permanently in the University of Oxford.

## Complete Works of Voltaire

The Complete Works of Voltaire (Œuvres complètes de Voltaire) is the first critical edition of the totality of his writings, arranged chronologically. Each text is published with an introduction, variants and detailed annotations. A provisional table of contents listed 146 volumes, since expanded to 200 volumes by completion of the series, which is planned for 2018. In 2010, the foundation was awarded the Prix Hervé Deluen [fr] by the Académie Française for this fifty-year project.

## Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment (previously SVEC)

Since its inception as Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century in 1955, nearly 550 books have been published within this series. It publishes scholarly work in English or French across a broad range of disciplines, including history, the history of ideas/philosophy, the history of the book, theatre, literature, visual arts and music, science and economics, and gender studies.
# Snowboarding (video game)

Snowboarding, known in Japan as Simple 1500 Series Vol. 27: The SnowBoard (SIMPLE 1500 シリーズ Vol.27 THE スノーボード, Shinpuru 1500 Shirīzu Vol. 27 Za SunōBōdo) (part of the Simple 1500 series), and in Europe as Snowboard Racer, is a snowboarding video game developed by Atelier Double and published by D3 Publisher and A1 Games in 2000, and by Midas Interactive Entertainment in 2003, both for PlayStation.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| AllGame | |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | 2/10 |
| Famitsu | 25/40 |
| Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine | |
| PSX Nation | 56% |
The game received unfavorable reviews. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 25 out of 40.
# Meri Jeevan Yatra

Meri Jeevan Yatra (मेरी जीवन यात्रा), also known as My Journey Through Life is an autobiography of scholar, and polyglot Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan. Sankrityayan was fluent in many languages and dialects, including Hindi, Sanskrit, Pali, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Urdu, Persian, Arabic, Tamil, Kannada, Tibetan, Sinhalese, French and Russian. He was an Indologist, a Marxist theoretician, and a creative writer. Meri Jeevan Yatra was first published in 1944. The book describes his life, including his childhood, his life journey, and his professional experiences.

## Volumes

The book was published in 6 different Volumes.
| Volume | Language | Year | Place |
| I | Hindi | 1944 | Allahabad |
| II | Hindi | 1950 | |
| III | Hindi | Published Posthumously | |
| IV | Hindi | Published Posthumously | |
| V | Hindi | Published Posthumously | |
| VI | Hindi | Published Posthumously | |
# Steve Beck (director)

Steve Michael Beck is a former American commercial and film director.

## Life and career

Beck has directed commercials for First Union, GMC and Chevrolet, McDonald's and Gatorade.
He has spent several years working for Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) as a visual effects art director on films like Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, The Abyss, and The Hunt for Red October.
As a filmmaker, he directed two feature films, Thirteen Ghosts and Ghost Ship, both for Dark Castle Entertainment.

## Filmography
### Director

* Thirteen Ghosts (2001)
* Ghost Ship (2002)

### Visual effects

* The Hunt for Red October (1990) (visual effects art director: ILM)
* The Abyss (1989) (effects art director: ILM)
* Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) (visual effects art director)
# Aparadhi (1977 film)

Aparadhi is a 1977 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by P. N. Sundaram and produced by Pavamani. The film stars Prem Nazir, Madhu, Sheela and Jayabharathi in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Salil Chowdhary. The film was a commercial success.

## Cast

* Madhu as Jayachandran
* Prem Nazir as Circle Inspector Rajan
* K. P. Ummer as Johnson
* Sheela as Susheela
* Jayabharathi as Lissy
* Ashalatha
* Bahadoor as Ouseppachan
* Prathapachandran as Jayachandran's Father
* Baby Babitha as Annie (Lissy's Daughter)
* Balan K. Nair as Malayi Kunjumon
* Master Raghu as Raju (Lissy's Son)
* Master Sujith as Babu
* Nanditha Bose as Sumathi
* P. K. Abraham as DSP
* Paravoor Bharathan as Tea Shop Owner Raman Nair
* Santha Devi
* T. P. Madhavan as Police Officer Kumaran
* Veeran as Shankara Pillai (Susheela's Father)
* R. K. Nair as Constable
* Thrissur Elsy
* Nagesh as Goldsmith Rankan
* Kedamangalam Ali
* Victory Janardhanan
* C A Balan
* J R Anand
* LalithaSree
* Prajatha
* Meena Ilene Meyn

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Salil Chowdhary and the lyrics were written by P. Bhaskaran.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Maamalayile Poomaram" | Vani Jairam, Chorus, Jolly Abraham | P. Bhaskaran |
| 2 | "Muraleedhara Mukunda" | S. Janaki, Chorus | P. Bhaskaran |
| 3 | "Nanma Nerum Amma" | Sujatha Mohan, Latha Raju, Master Sreejith | P. Bhaskaran |
| 4 | "Thumbi Thumbi" | Sujatha Mohan, Ambili, Chorus | P. Bhaskaran |
# Taxi 13 (1954 film)

Taxi 13 is a 1954 Swedish crime drama film directed as well as written by Börje Larsson and starring Elof Ahrle, Signe Hasso, Margit Carlqvist and Birgitta Valberg. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Nilsson.

## Synopsis

A Stockholm taxi driver sets out to find out who murdered one of his colleagues.

## Cast

* Elof Ahrle as Johan Alm
* Signe Hasso as Agneta
* Margit Carlqvist as Vera
* Birgitta Valberg as Britt-Marie
* Bengt Blomgren as Fredrik
* Sten Gester as Man in Trenchcoat
* Hjördis Petterson as Mia Lundgren
* Ulf Johansson as Quarrelsome Man
* Nancy Dalunde as Quarrelsome Wife
* Ninni Löfberg as Mrs. Vestman
* Arthur Hultling as Victor Nilsson
* Sif Ruud as Miss Haglund
* Ingvar Kjellson as Artist
* Siegfried Fischer as Axel a.k.a. Sunshine
* Alf Östlund as Silent Marie
* Sven Holmberg as Taxi Driver
* Arvid Richter as Taxi Driver
* Sture Djerf as Hermansson
* Brigitte Ornstein as Office Girl
* Karl Erik Flens as Exuberant Man
* Olle Teimert as Young Man Trying to Avoid Paying
* Kjell Nordenskiöld as Young Man at Party
* Birger Åsander as Mr. Vestman
* Rolf Tourd as Vera's Street Friend
* Märta Dorff as Taxi Exchange Manager
* Svea Holst as Cyclist Discovering the Corpse
* Pelle Svedlund as Embessler
* Elsa Winge as Mrs. Lindblad
* Alva Berggren as Waitress Giving Notice
* Arthur Fischer as Taxi Owner
* Claes Esphagen as Garage Washer
* Bo Gunnar Eriksson as Tommy
* Lissi Alandh as Hermansson's Woman
* Torsten Lilliecrona as Police Lieutenant Johansson
# Metaconulus mauliaensis

Metaconulus mauliaensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Calliostomatidae within the superfamily Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies.
# Peter Devlin

Peter Devlin may refer to:
* Peter Devlin (general), 21st-century Canadian Army officer
* Peter Devlin (snooker player)
* Peter J. Devlin, American sound engineer
# List of Catholic dioceses in Russia

The Catholic Church in Russia, united in the Episcopal Conference of Russia, comprises
* one Latin ecclesiastical province (the Metropolitan archdiocese of Moscow, with three Suffragan dioceses) and a missionary (hence exempt) apostolic prefecture.
* The Eastern Catholics have two proper jurisdictions, each belonging to a different particular church sui iuris and using a different rite.
There are no exempt Latin jurisdictions.
There is an Apostolic Nunciature as papal diplomatic representation (embassy-level) to the Russian Federation in the national capital Moscow.

## Current Jurisdictions
### Latin Church
#### Ecclesiastical Province of Moscow

* Metropolitan Archdiocese of Moscow
** Diocese of Novosibirsk
** Diocese of Saratov
** Diocese of Irkutsk

#### Exempt jurisdiction

(directly subject to the Holy See)
* Apostolic Prefecture of Yuzhno Sakhalinsk

### Eastern Catholic Particular Churches
#### Russian Catholic Church

(Byzantine Rite)
* Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Russia

#### Armenian Catholic Church

(Armenian Rite)
* Ordinariate for Armenian Catholics in Eastern Europe, jointly for Russia, Armenia, Georgia (country) and Ukraine

## Defunct jurisdictions
### Titular sees

(all Latin)
* One non-metropolitan titular archbishopric
** Archdiocese of Nicopsis
* Two Latin titular bishoprics
** Matrega, formerly Diocese of Matriga
** Latin Titular bishopric of Tanais, formerly of Tana, formerly Diocese of Tana

### Other former dioceses

    Exclusing merely renamed/promoted predecessors of current jurisdictions

#### Latin

* Roman Catholic Diocese of Cherson alias Tiraspol (partially in Moldova)
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Sambia (German Samland)
* Apostolic Vicariate of Siberia
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Smolensk
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Vladivostok

#### Eastern Catholic

* Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Smolensk

## Crimea

After the Crimea peninsula was unilaterally annexed by the Russian Federation in March 2014, the Catholic hierarchy was not subsequently changed. The Latin rite Catholics of Crimea belong to the diocese of Odesa-Simferopol which is a Suffragan of the archdiocese of Lviv while the faithful of Byzantine rite have their own Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Krym which is directly subject to the Major Archbishop of Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
# Lumumba, la mort d'un prophète

Lumumba, la mort du prophète (Lumumba, the death of the prophet) is a 1990 documentary film by Haitian director Raoul Peck. It covers the death of Patrice Lumumba, the first prime minister of Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The film was critically acclaimed and won a number of awards. In July 2021, the film was shown in the Cannes Classics section at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival.

## Synopsis

The film is a creative documentary where biography and history, stories and archives create a frame around the figure of Lumumba, his political assassination, media and memory. It is a unique opportunity to examine, 30 years later, the life and legend of Lumumba. The documentary is narrated by the director, Raoul Peck, as he reconstructs a story that interweaves his own personal experiences and the circumstances surrounding the murder of Lumumba. Peck is in Belgium, and uses shots of Brussels to establish his location and contrast with the archival footage he combines to tell Lumumba's story. The film is about absence; absence of a historical figure, absence of clarity about the events surrounding his death, and absence of a true historical construct. Even a true location is absent; he cannot get to Zaire, the topic of his film, but the majority of the archival footage and photos used are from Central Africa. Even if he were able to film in Zaire, he would be faced with an absence, so no matter his location he is still "filming from afar."

## Production

* Director: Raoul Peck
* Production: Velvet Film
* Scenario: Raoul Peck
* Image: Philippe Ros Matthias Kälin
* Sound: Eric Martin Witz Vaucher
* Editing: Ailo Auguste-Judith Raoul Peck Eva Schlensag

## Awards

* Amiens International Film Festival 1991
* FESPACO (Ouagadougou) 1993
* Real Festival (Paris) 1992
* Vues d'Afrique (Montreal) 1992
* Fribourg International Film Festival 1992
# Time and Chance

Time and Chance may refer to:
* Time and Chance: Gerald Ford's Appointment with History, the official biography of U.S. President, Gerald R. Ford by James M. Cannon
* Time and Chance (Color Me Badd album), 1993
* Time and Chance (Caldera album), 1978
* Time and Chance, the 1987 memoirs of British prime minister James Callaghan
* Time and Chance (Kim Campbell), a 1996 book by Kim Campbell, former Prime Minister of Canada
* Time and Chance (Penman novel), a 2002 historical novel by Sharon Kay Penman
* Time and Chance: an Autobiography, the autobiography of science fiction and fantasy writer L. Sprague de Camp
* Time and Chance (Timms novel), a novel by Alma Timms
# Aplotarsus

Aplotarsus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Elateridae.
The genus was first described by Stephens in 1830.
The species of this genus are found in Europe.
Species:
# Spencer-Smith

Spencer-Smith is a British double-barrelled surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arnold Spencer-Smith (1883–1916), English clergyman and member of Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
* Joshua Spencer-Smith (1843–1928), English cricketer, twin brother of Orlando Spencer-Smith
* Lauren Spencer-Smith, British-born Canadian singer-songwriter
* Orlando Spencer-Smith (1843–1920), English cricketer, twin brother of Joshua Spencer-Smith
# Taxi (chocolate)

Taxi was the name of a chocolate biscuit sold under the McVitie's biscuit brand. It was produced by the European food manufacturer United Biscuits. The bar consisted of layers of wafer, caramel, and chocolate creme, and was covered in chocolate, and was suitable for a vegetarian diet. Taxi used to be available in multi-packs using a yellow and blue wrapper, in a New York taxi cab style design.
# Sant'Antonino Martire, Quattro Castella

The Sant'Antonino Martire is a Roman Catholic church located in the town center of Quattro Castella, province of Reggio Emilia, region of Emilia Romagna, Italy.

## History

The church is located on the site of a church founded by Matilda of Canossa, and restored in 1112. Some epigraphs cite an even more ancient church, from the late 4th-century, at the site. Reconstruction of the medieval church began in mid 1500s, starting with the apse, transept, and presbytery, and in 1615 with expansion of the nave and addition of side altars. In 1664, the church still had a greek-cross layout. The local prior Alfonso Canossa completed the church, except for leaving the facade in stone, during 1701 to 1716. In the 1935-1937, the painter G. Baroni depicted the Ascension of Christ, Triumph of the Eucharist and other chiaroscuro decorations, leading to a formal reconsecration in 1937. The facade includes spolia including crosses and tombstones from the ancient cemetery. Further restorations were completed in 1992.