OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abell 63

Abell 63 is a planetary nebula with an eclipsing binary central star system in the northern constellation of Sagitta. Based on parallax measurements of the central star, it is located at a distance of approximately 8,810 light years from the Sun. The systemic radial velocity of the nebula is +41±2 km/s. The nuclear star system is the progenitor of the nebula and it has a combined apparent visual magnitude of 14.67. During mid eclipse the magnitude drops to 19.24.
The star H.V. 5452 was found to be a candidate eclipsing binary system in 1932 by Dorrit Hoffleit, and it was given the variable star designation UU Sagittae (UU Sge). In 1955, George O. Abell discovered a nebula in the same region of the sky from photographic plates taken by the National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey. The identifier 'Abell 63' comes from a follow-up publication by Abell in 1966, which identified the nebula as a homogeneous disk 40″ in diameter with a central star of magnitude 14.67. In 1976, Howard E. Bond noted that the positions of the variable star and the center of the nebula coincide. That same year, J. S. Miller and associates confirmed that UU Sge is an eclipsing binary, finding a period of 11$^h$ 09.6$^m$ with an eclipse duration of 70 minutes. The deep eclipse decreased the brightness of the pair by ~4.3 magnitudes.
The general shape of this nebula appears to be a hollow tube with a prominent hyperbolic-shaped waist. The bright central rim has faint extensions leading to end caps; the primary axis of the tube being aligned along a position angle of 34°. The overall profile has a 7:1 aspect ratio spanning an angular size of 290 × 42 arcseconds, with the ends at an equal angular distance from the center. The nebula is expanding with a velocity of 17±1 km/s. Surrounding the bright central rim is a faint circular shell, which may be the remnant of the stellar wind produced as the central star passed through the asymptotic giant branch.
The central system is a close detached binary with an orbital period of 11.2 hours. The length of the total eclipse of the primary component by the secondary is 13.4 minutes. They have a projected separation of at least 2.45 times the radius of the Sun. The primary is an O-type subdwarf star (sdO) that has passed through the asymptotic giant branch stage, during which it ejected the surrounding planetary nebula. It has 63% of the mass of the Sun and 35% of the Sun's radius, with an effective temperature of ~78,000 K. The secondary has the mass of an M-type main-sequence star, or 29% of the mass of the Sun. However, the effective temperature of 6,136 K is much higher than expected for an M dwarf, and the radius of 56% of the Sun is too large. This is because the point on the secondary facing the primary is being heated by its much hotter companion. The hot primary is also providing the illumination of the surrounding nebula.
# Alidou

Alidou is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Hassana Alidou (born 1963), Nigerien diplomat
* Ousseina Alidou (born 1963), Nigerien academic, twin sister of Hassana
* Alidou Badini, Burkinabé film director
* Alidou Barkire (born 1925), Nigerien politician
# Mute violin

The mute violin is a violin without or with a very shallow sound box. The instrument has a quiet, lean sound. The mute violin has historically been used by traveling musicians, and as an exercise instrument in situations where the sound of a violin is experienced as annoying by neighbouring people. Mute violins are known to exist since the eighteenth century, but their use never became widespread. Leopold Mozart made mention of the instrument in his Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule (1756).

## Stroh violin

A related instrument is the Stroh violin, a combination of a mute violin and a metal horn. In contrast to the mute violin, this instrument sounds rather loud. It was used instead of the violin in the early days of phonographic recording. Nowadays, the instrument is still used by a few pop musicians and in Romanian folk music.

## Electric versions

In the late twentieth century intermediate forms between the mute violin and the electric violin, mute violins provided with electronics, were introduced on the market. An example is Yamaha Corporation’s ‘silent violin’, which can be connected to a pair of headphones, an amplifier or recording equipment.
The American performance artist Laurie Anderson often plays violins like these.

## An application

The Dutch composer Willem Pijper wanted the part of the first violin in his first string quartet of 1914 to be played by a mute violin. In a recording of his five string quartets by the Schönberg Quartet (Olympia OCD 457, 1994) the effect of the mute violin was imitated by an extra heavy sordino on an 'ordinary' violin.
# Kurt Pompe

Kurt Bruno Pompe (March 4, 1899 in Schmiedeberg, Lower Silesia, German Empire – August 1, 1964 in Schweinfurt, West Germany) occupied important positions in several forced labor camps for Jews in Silesia (German until 1945) during World War II, part of a network of over 160 camps run by an SS organization, Dienststelle Schmelt. The existence of this group of camps is largely unknown to the general public.

## Military career
### Pre World War II

Pompe was severely wounded at Tournai (Belgium) close to the end of World War I on October 25, 1918. His left leg was amputated below the knee and fitted with a prothesis. In 1922 he and his family moved to the city of Neisse in Upper Silesia.

### World War II

In 1942, Pompe, who was often nicknamed "the limper," was feared by the inmates of Blechhammer (Upper Silesia), but nowhere else did he commit as many atrocities as at Brande (Upper Silesia), where he was the commander of the guards ("Wachhabender") from fall 1942 to August 1943. The German-Jewish camp physician Hans-Werner Wollenberg has written a harrowing account of Pompe's activities at this camp. Numerous interviews with survivors contain memories of the terrible conditions at Brande, for which Pompe bore a major responsibility. After the closure of Brande he commanded the guards in the women's section of the Blechhammer camp, and from November 1943 to April 1944, he was camp commander ("Lagerführer') at the Schmiedeberg forced labor camp, which was located near his city of birth in the village of Buschvorwerk. In both camps he terrorized the inmates and committed several murders.

### Post war life

In his de-Nazification application of April 23, 1946, he indicated that he was a member of Organisation Todt and, from fall 1943, a member of Transportkorps Speer, with the rank of Obertruppführer. He classified himself as innocent ("unbelastet") and continued to live under his real name. In 1951 Pompe moved from Höchberg near Würzburg to Schweinfurt where he was employed by Vereinigte Kugellager Fabriken AG as a laborer. In the 1970s, a West German court became aware of some of Pompe's war-time deeds in the context of investigating members of Dienststelle Schmelt, but he was not identified until 2008.
# 2009 French Open – Wheelchair men's singles

Two-time defending champion Shingo Kunieda defeated Stéphane Houdet in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 to win the men's singles wheelchair tennis title at the 2009 French Open. It was his third French Open singles title and seventh major singles title overall.

## Seeds

* Shingo Kunieda (champion)
* Stéphane Houdet (final)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Finals

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Shingo Kunieda | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Stefan Olsson | 0 | 6 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Stefan Olsson | 0 | 6 | 1 | 1 | Shingo Kunieda | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Michaël Jeremiasz | 1 | 2 | | | | | |
| | Maikel Scheffers | 6 | 3 | 3 | | Michaël Jeremiasz | 1 | 2 | | | | | |
| | Michaël Jeremiasz | 3 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Michaël Jeremiasz | 3 | 6 | 6 | | | | | 1 | Shingo Kunieda | 6 | 3 | 6 |
| | | | | | | | | | 2 | Stéphane Houdet | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| | Martin Legner | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Stéphane Houdet | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| | Nicolas Peifer | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nicolas Peifer | 6 | 6 | | | Nicolas Peifer | 5 | 2 | | | | | |
| | | | | | 2 | Stéphane Houdet | 7 | 6 | | | | | |
| | Robin Ammerlaan | 3 | 0 | | 2 | Stéphane Houdet | 7 | 6 | | | | | |
| 2 | Stéphane Houdet | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
# Robert Horwell

Robert "Bob" Horwell is a British cinematographer and actor who was born in Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire. His father, whom he was named after, was a coal merchant and Audrey, his mother, was also a successful small businesswoman. His sisters Angela and Sue run a small designer clothing outlet in his hometown. He is best known as an actor for having played the role of Nick Neeson in the British soap opera Coronation Street. Horwell has also appeared on stage in many productions including War Horse, Henry V (Royal National Theatre), Cyrano de Bergerac (RSC and West End), Lysistrata (Sir Peter Hall Company Tour and West End), Edmond (Royal National Theatre, alongside Kenneth Branagh), Alice in Wonderland (Royal Shakespeare Company).
He has also appeared in shows such as The Bill, Holby City, Doctors, Heartbeat, A Touch of Frost.
Horwell also played Alex's Dad in the feature The Lost Choices, released by Metrodome Distribution in September 2015.
Horwell is also an accomplished and well respected cinematographer. He has shot many well known artists over the years, TV commercials and feature films including contributions to: The Lost Choices Hallows Eve Vishwaroopam II Capsule
# Robert L. Constable

Robert Lee Constable (born 1942) is an American computer scientist. He is a professor of computer science and first and former dean of the Faculty of Computing and Information Science at Cornell University. He is known for his work on connecting computer programs and mathematical proofs, especially the Nuprl system. Prior to Nuprl, he worked on the PL/CV formal system and verifier. Alonzo Church supervised Constable's junior thesis while he was studying in Princeton. Constable received his PhD in 1968 under Stephen Kleene and has supervised over 40 students.
Constable has been a director of the Marktoberdorf Summer School.

## Selected publications

* R. L. Constable and M. J. O'Donnell. A Programming Logic, Winthrop, Cambridge, 1978.
* R. L. Constable, S. D. Johnson and C. D. Eichenlaub. An Introduction to the PL/CV2 Programming Logic. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science 135, Springer-Verlag, 1982
* PRL Group. Implementing Mathematics with the Nuprl Proof Development System. Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ, 1986.

## Development of the Cornell FCIS

In 1999, Cornell created the Faculty of Computing and Information Science, or FCIS, as a college-level entity with a dean but without the administrative structure of a college. Students and faculty had homes in other colleges; faculty would have joint appointments. For example, in 2002, Computer Science faculty were placed in both Engineering and FCIS. The new FCIS became the umbrella organization for the Program of Computer Graphics and, later, a new Department of Statistical Science. FCIS grew to have more than 50 affiliated faculty, each with a joint appointment in another academic department. In 2020, with a financial commitment made by Ann S Bowers, it became a real college: The Cornell Bowers CIS — College of Computing and Information Science.
FCIS was the vision of Robert Constable. He felt that all parts of Cornell would need help using computing in research and teaching in this new computer age, and that required raising computing to the college level. He proposed this new, innovative way, a "faculty" that was structurally a college —but not a real college— headed by a dean. Constable worked over several years to bring this idea to fruition. He was the founding dean and served two five-year terms. In 2008, when he stepped down as chair, then Provost Biddy Martin attributed both the idea and its implementation to Constable.
A second innovation was a Department of Information Science that would work hand-in-hand with, and not in opposition to, Computer Science —note that IS is in the title FCIS. Constable gave appropriate members of Computer Science the responsibility of developing the new department over the years. Today, in 2024, the IS Department offers majors and minors in all of Cornell's undergrad colleges. Several faculty members are joint with CS and IS.

## Awards

* ACM Fellow, 1995.
* Guggenheim Fellowship, 1990-1991.
* Herbrand Award for Distinguished Contributions to Automated Reasoning, 2014.
# Robert L. Crawford Jr.

Robert Lawrence Crawford Jr. (born May 13, 1944) is an American actor who portrayed the character Andy Sherman on the NBC television series Laramie in 1959 and 1960. He was cast as the younger brother of Slim Sherman, portrayed by John Smith, owner of the fictitious Sherman Ranch and Relay Station some twelve miles east of Laramie, Wyoming. Their co-star was Robert Fuller in the role of former gunfighter Jess Harper. Crawford's role on Laramie ended in 1960, when Andy Sherman was shipped off to boarding school. Crawford is sometimes credited as Bobby Crawford Jr., or without the generational suffix as Bobby Crawford or Robert L. Crawford.

## Personal life

His father, Robert L. Crawford Sr., was a well-known Emmy-nominated film editor and occasional actor, who portrayed Detective Phil Burns on the syndicated television series, Manhunt.

## Career

Before and after Laramie, Crawford appeared in some two dozen film and television productions. His television guest appearances included Walt Disney family adventure series Zorro, The Californians, The Donna Reed Show, National Velvet, Dragnet, Combat!, Mr. Novak, Rawhide, The Rifleman, Cheyenne, and Gunsmoke.
In 1959, Crawford's appearance on the CBS anthology series Playhouse 90 was nominated for Best Single Performance on the 11th Primetime Emmy Awards. That year's Emmy Awards also nominated Crawford's younger brother, Johnny Crawford, for his recurring portrayal of Mark McCain, son of Lucas McCain, on The Rifleman.
In the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Crawford was a production assistant, associate producer, and producer on films such as Slaughterhouse-Five (1972), The Sting (1973), Slap Shot (1977), The World According to Garp (1982), and The Parasite (1997).
# Otrić-Seoci

Otrić-Seoci is a village in southern Croatia, located close to the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the largest village of the Pojezerje municipality.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 689.
# Otrić

Otrić is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D1 highway.
# Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Cathedral, Chittagong

The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary is a cathedral belonging to the Catholic Church located in the city of Chittagong, the second largest city in Bangladesh. It is the seat, or cathedra, of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chittagong.
The present cathedral was built during British rule in 1843 and the last renovation was in 1933.
# Other Women's Clothes

Other Women's Clothes is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by Hugo Ballin and starring Mabel Ballin, Raymond Bloomer and Crauford Kent.

## Synopsis

Wishing to help financially support a struggling model he has fallen in love with, a wealthy man invents a secret wealthy relative who leaves her a fortune as inheritance. However, when she discovers his deception she disappears and they are only reunited some years later after a chance meeting following a car accident.

## Cast

* Mabel Ballin as Jacqueline Lee
* Raymond Bloomer as Barker Garrison
* Crauford Kent as Rupert Lewis
* May Kitson as Mrs. Roger Montayne
* William H. Strauss as Joe Feinberg
* Aggie La Field as Bessie Horowitz
* Rose Burdick as Ellen Downe
# Kyūkōsha no Shōjo

Kyūkōsha no Shōjo (脱出アドベンチャー旧校舎の少女) is a 2012 Nintendo 3DS video game.
# Robert Lebeck

Robert Lebeck (21 March 1929 – 14 June 2014) was an award-winning German photojournalist.

## Biography

At the age of fifteen Lebeck was drafted into the Wehrmacht and sent to the Eastern Front where he was captured as a POW by the Soviet Army. Finally repatriated after World War II, he finished high school at the Donaueschingen Fürstenberg Gymnasium, and went on to study ethnology in Zurich and New York. Self-taught as a photographer, he started in 1952 as a freelancer selling to various newspapers and magazines in Heidelberg. Lebeck then went on to be employed by the magazines Illustrierte wie Revue and Kristall, and finally by the German weekly news magazine Stern. He worked for Stern for thirty years as a photojournalist, with a brief sabbatical during 1977 to 1978, as editor-in-chief of the monthly educational magazine Geo. Since 2001 Lebeck resided in Berlin.
Lebeck became well known in 1960 after his report on the independence of the Congo "Afrika im Jahre Null" ("Africa in Year Zero") which included a photograph of an African man, Ambroise Boimbo pinching the ceremonial sword of Belgian King Baudouin. To this day that picture remains his "calling card".

## Awards

* 2007 Henri Nannen Lifetime Achievement Award

## Exhibits

* "Tokio-Moskau-Leopoldville", Hamburg Arts and Crafts Museum (Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe), Hamburg 1961
* "Sammlung R.L. - Fotografie des 19. Jahrhunderts", Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin 1982
* "Augenzeuge Robert Lebeck - 30 Jahre Zeitgeschichte", Stadtmuseum, Kiel 1983
* "Robert Lebeck - Fotoreportagen", Perpignan (south of France) 1991
* "Kiosk. Eine Geschichte der Fotoreportage", Museum Ludwig, Cologne 2001
* "Unverschämtes Glück", Willy Brandt House, Berlin 2004
* "Robert Lebeck - Neugierig auf Welt", Galerie & Edition Bode, Nuremberg 2008
* "Robert Lebeck. Fotografien 1955-2005", Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin 2008
# Robert Lebel

Robert Lebel may refer to:
* Robert Lebel (bishop) (1924–2015), Canadian Roman Catholic prelate, bishop
* Robert Lebel (ice hockey) (1905–1999), Canadian ice hockey administrator
* Robert Lebel (art critic) (1901–1986), French art critic and writer, father of Jean-Jacques Lebel
# Könni (family)

Könni is a Finnish clockmaker family in Ilmajoki, Ostrobothnia.
The first ancestor is Jaakko Jaakonpoika Ranto (1721–94), who bought the estate Könni in 1757 in the little village of Peltoniemi. His son Juho Jaakonpoika Könni (1754-1815) began making pocket-watches and clocks. He fathered Jaakko Juhonpoika Könni (1774-1830) and Juho Juhonpoika Könni (1782-1855), the clockmaker family's most outstanding performers in variety. Tower-clocks in Ekenäs, Hämeenlinna, Pori, Oulu and in Helsinki Juho Jaakonpoika Könni (1798-1865) developed the production of clocks on an industrial scale.
At the end of 18th century the Könni family could not successfully compete with German and Swiss factories.
# Osmandede, Pazarcık

Osmandede is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Turkmens and Kurds of the Kılıçlı tribe and had a population of 132 in 2022.
# Otto Vasilievich Bremer

Otto Vasilievich Bremer (died 11 November 1873) was a Russian naturalist and entomologist.
He wrote:
* Beiträge zur Schmetterlings-fauna des Nödrlichen China's (1853) with Vasilii Fomich Grey (William Grey).
* "Neue Lepidopteren aus Ost-Sibirien und dem Amur Lande, gesammelt von Radde und Maack, beschrieben von Otto Bremer" (1861) Bulletin de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg [fr], 3(7): 461-496
* "Lepidopteren Ost-Sibiriens, insbesondere der Amur-Landes, gesammelt von den Herren G.Radde, R.Maack und P.Wulfius" (1864) Mémoires de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, 7 ser., 8(1): 103 pages
He described many insects, including the large skipper butterfly. Bremer's collection is in the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy of Science in Saint Petersburg where he lived.
# Kyzyl-Abad

Kyzyl-Abad is a village in the Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kara-Suu District. Its population was 1,673 in 2021.
# Otto Botticher

Otto Botticher (19 May 1811 – 1 July 1886) was a German-born painter and lithographer best known for his 1863 rendering of a baseball game at a prisoner of war camp during the American Civil War. That illustration, Union Prisoners at Salisbury, NC, was based on Botticher's experience as a prisoner at the camp in 1862.

## Personal History

Botticher (also spelled Boetticher) emigrated from Prussia to New York in 1848, along with his wife and three young children. His occupation was listed on the ship's passenger list as "economist," and some sources speculate that he had served in the Prussian military, but he earned his living in New York as an artist. Directories from the 1850s list him as a partner with Charles Gildemeister, then with Thomas Benecke, in portrait painting and lithography businesses located on Broadway in New York City. Many of Botticher's works depicted scenes in New York City and military subjects.
In July 1861 he enlisted in the 68th New York Volunteer Regiment of Infantry, becoming Captain of Company G in August of that year. He was captured by Confederate troops on March 29, 1862, and imprisoned at Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia, and then at Salisbury, North Carolina. In September 1862 he was exchanged for a Southern officer. He rejoined his regiment in 1863 and fought at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. After his discharge in 1864, he was awarded the brevet rank of Lieutenant Colonel in 1865.
Following the war he lived in Brooklyn, New York. In addition to working as an artist, he was a consular official for the North German Union.
Botticher died on July 1, 1886, and was buried at the Lutheran Cemetery in Queens, New York.

## Union Prisoners at Salisbury, NC

Botticher was imprisoned at the Confederate military prison at Salisbury, North Carolina during the spring and summer of 1862. At that time conditions at the facility were relatively good. Prisoners were permitted to engage in recreational activities such as baseball, as depicted in this image created by Botticher. Originally a watercolor, it was reproduced as a lithograph after the war. It is one of the earliest depictions of baseball being played.
The setting for this drawing is significant, as the spread of baseball’s popularity from the North to the rest of the country occurred during the Civil War. Union soldiers taught the game to those from the West and South. Following the end of the Civil War, it became popular throughout the United States.
# Otto Borgström

Otto Borgström (4 April 1895 – 20 September 1962) was a Swedish wrestler. He competed at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Kızılca, Tavas

Kızılca is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Tavas, Denizli Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,567 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).