OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Robson (trade unionist)

James Robson (1860–1934) was a British trade unionist.
Born in West Auckland, County Durham, Robson started work at the age of ten. In 1890, he was elected checkweighman at Broompark Colliery, then later moved to Bearpark Colliery. In 1917, he was elected President of the Durham Miners' Association, serving until his death in 1934. From 1918 to 1921, he also served as Treasurer of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain. He was a member of the Methodist New Connexion.
# Igor Pavlov

Igor Pavlov may refer to:
* Igor Pavlov (athlete) (born 1979), Russian pole vaulter
* Igor Pavlov (programmer), Russian freelance programmer, creator of 7-Zip
* Igors Pavlovs (born 1965), Latvian ice hockey player, ice hockey coach in Germany
# Wood Lake (Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota)

Wood Lake is a lake near the town of Wood Lake, Minnesota in Yellow Medicine County. The lake was named for the dense woods originally bordering the lake.
# James Harrison (Australian governor)

Major General Sir James William Harrison KCMG, CB, CBE (25 May 1912 – 16 September 1971) was an Australian Army officer and the first Australian-born Governor of South Australia.

## Biography

James Harrison was born at Camperdown, Victoria, the second child of Victorian-born parents James Samuel Harrison, farmer, and his wife Mary Eleanor, née Harlock. He was educated at Geelong College, Melbourne High School and the Royal Military College, Duntroon, where he graduated in 1932 as an artillery specialist.
He had a varied military career including as the first Commandant of the Officer Cadet School, Portsea and culminating in becoming a member of the Military Board, as quartermaster-general (1962–63) and adjutant-general (1963–66), and General Officer Commanding (GOC) of Eastern Command, Sydney (from 1966).
He was sworn in as Governor of South Australia on 4 December 1968. His term was unremarkable. Don Dunstan later concluded: "Sir James fulfilled his role as Governor quietly and in the traditional way, and left little mark on the State".
In 1969 and 1970, both he and his wife were hospitalised, in his case with a coronary occlusion. In 1971, he and his wife set off on an overseas holiday.
Sir James died suddenly on 16 September 1971 while flying to Honolulu. He was survived by his wife and two sons, and he was cremated. His wife, born Patricia Lennox, died in 2024.

## Honours

He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1953 and promoted to Commander (CBE) in 1958.
He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in January 1968, and knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in October 1968.
# Kalanaur, Haryana

Kalanaur is a town and a municipal committee in Rohtak district of the north Indian state of Haryana.

## Geography

Kalanaur is located at 28°50′N 76°24′E﻿ / ﻿28.83°N 76.4°E﻿ / 28.83; 76.4. It has an average elevation of 200 metres (656 feet).

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kalanaur had a population of 16,847. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kalanaur has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 58%. In Kalanaur, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. According to 2011 Kalanaur had population of 22,752.
| Year | Population | Decadal Growth | Percentage Growth |
| 1971 | 7,225 | - | - |
| 1981 | 12,380 | +5,155 | 71.35 |
| 1991 | 14,524 | +2,144 | 17.31 |
| 2001 | 16,853 | +2,329 | 16.03 |
| 2011* | 22,752 | +5,899 | 35 |

## Notable people

* Rao Abdul Hafiz VC, War Hero and first Indian winner of Victoria Cross in World War II, charged at enemy lines in Burma
* Bharat Bhushan Batra, MLA from Rohtak in the Haryana Legislative Assembly. 2009-2014 and 2019 to present.

## Schools and colleges

* Swami Guru Charan Dass Sanatan Dharm Sr. Sec. School (SGDSD)
* MSIET ( Maa Saraswati Institute of Engineering & Technology ) Kalanaur, Rohtak. www.msiet.com
# Iakob Tsurtaveli

Jacob of Tsurtavi (Georgian: იაკობ ცურტაველი, romanized: iak'ob tsurt'aveli) also known as Jacob the Priest (იაკობ ხუცესი, Iakob Khutsesi) was the 5th-century Georgian religious writer and priest from Tsurtavi, then the major town of Gogarene and the Lower Iberia.
A personal priest of Saint Shushanik and an eyewitness of her martyrdom at the hand of her spouse, bidaxae Varsken, Jacob compiled her life in his hagiographic novel the Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik, the oldest surviving work of the Georgian literature written between 476 and 483. Except for scarce information obtained from his work, nothing more is known about Jacob's life.
# James Hogg (publisher)

James Robert Hogg (26 March 1806 – 14 March 1888) was a Scottish publisher.

## Life

James Robert Hogg, the son of James Hogg, was born near Edinburgh on 26 March 1806, and educated under Rev. Thomas Sheriff (died 1836) who became minister of Fala, in the presbytery of Dalkeith, in 1828. On 24 Aug 1818 Hogg was bound as an apprentice to James Muirhead, a printer in Edinburgh. He subsequently entered the book house attached to the Caledonian Mercury, where the printing of the seventh edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica had been commenced in 1827, and became a reader on the Caledonian Mercury.
In 1837, he commenced business on his own account as a printer and publisher in Edinburgh. The first publication which bears his imprint is The Honest Waterman, a small tract brought out in 1837. On 1 March 1845 appeared the first number of Hogg's Weekly Instructor, an unsectarian periodical of promise. In 1849 the title was changed to the Instructor; later on it was known as the Titan. The last number is dated December 1859, and the entire work is comprised in 29 volumes. Hogg was his own editor, being in the later part assisted by his eldest son, James. He also published the principal works of George Gilfillan.
In 1849, he made the acquaintance of Thomas De Quincey. To the Weekly Instructor De Quincey contributed his Autobiographic Sketches and other papers, and then agreed with Hogg to bring out his Collected Works.
In 1858, Hogg's printing office was discontinued, and in the autumn of that year his sons John and James (1829–1910), who had been taken into partnership, established a branch publishing office in London, where Hogg later moved the whole business. Besides other works, including the Churchman's Family Magazine, the firm now published several series of successful juvenile books, and the periodical entitled London Society: An Illustrated Magazine of Light and Amusing Literature for the Hours of Relaxation, which was edited by James Hogg, jun., in February 1862. One of the most popular journals of its time, at one point it attained a monthly circulation of 25,000 copies. The firm of James Hogg & Sons was dissolved in July 1867.
Hogg married Helen Hutchison (1803–1890) of Hutchiestown Farm, near Dunblane, on 13 November 1832. He died at the residence of his son John, The Acacia, Crescent Road, St. John's, Kent, on 14 March 1888.
# The Peacemaker (1922 film)

The Peacemaker is a 1922 British silent drama film directed by A. E. Coleby.

## Cast

* A. E. Coleby as Big Ben Buckle
* Henry Nicholls-Bates as Ted Staples
* Bob Vallis as Jim Blakeley
* Sam Austin as Fred Smith
* Maud Yates as Miss Brown
* Minna Leslie as Widow Smith
* Frank Wilson as Charles Wilkes
* Humberston Wright as George Brownlow
# Wubei Zhi

The Wubei Zhi (Chinese: 武備志; Treatise on Armament Technology or Records of Armaments and Military Provisions), also commonly known by its Japanese translated name Bubishi, is a military book in Chinese history. It was compiled in 1621 by Mao Yuanyi [zh] （茅元儀 Máo Yuányí; 1594–1640?), an officer of waterborne troops in the Ming dynasty. The Wubei Zhi contains 240 volumes, 10,405 pages, and more than 200,000 Chinese characters.

## Structure

Wubei Zhi consists of five sections, "Bing Jue Ping", "Zhan Lue Kao", "Zhen Lian Zhi", "Jun Zi Sheng", and "Zhan Du Zai".
* "Bing Jue Ping" (Commentary on Military Formulae)
Containing 18 chapters, this section includes military theories from significant figures including, but not limited to, Sun Tzu. Some of these theories date back to the last years of the Eastern Zhou dynasty, more than 1,800 years before the editor.
* "Zhan Lue Kao" (Consideration of Tactics)
This section consists of 31 chapters, and describes more than 600 specific examples of battles that took place between the Eastern Zhou dynasty and the Yuan dynasty. Among these are the Battle of Maling and Battle of Red Cliffs, the latter of which is a classic example of defeating an overpowering enemy.
* "Zhen Lian Zhi" (Record of Formations and Training)
This section of the book contains 41 chapters. It contains different methods of training troops, including infantry, cavalry, and chariots, as well as individual martial arts training with different weapons such as the spear and Dao.
* "Jun Zi Sheng" (Summary of Logistics)
This section is divided into 55 categories, covering a variety of contents related to wartime logistics, such as marching, encampments, troops arrays, transmitting orders, attacking and defending cities, and provision of food, weapons, healthcare, and transportation, among others.
* "Zhan Du Zai"
In this section, which is 96 chapters long, the author discusses aspects of weather and geographic features that are related to combat, as well as traditional Chinese methods of divination, formation, and finally, marine navigation. Included into this section is the so-called "Mao Kun map", the unique surviving map representing the Pacific and Indian Ocean shipping routes used by the fleets of Zheng He.

## Impact

Being known as "a military encyclopedia in ancient China", Wubei Zhi is one of the most influential works in Chinese history on warfare. It is a rare source of many maps and weapon designs, and contributed enormously to its various chapters' corresponding areas. It also provides an account of ancient Chinese military theories and Chinese militarists' thoughts.
# 1993 Federation Cup Americas Zone

The Americas Zone was one of three zones of regional Federation Cup qualifying competition in 1993. All ties were played at the Palmas del Mar in Humacao, Puerto Rico on hard courts.
The eighteen teams were divided into two pools of four and two pools of five to compete in round-robin matches. After each of the ties had been played, the teams that finished first and second in each of the respective pools would then move on to the play-off stage of the competition. The four teams that won a play-off match would go on to advance to the World Group.

## Pool Stage

Date: 19–23 April
| | Pool A | PAR | COL | GUA | BAH |
| 1 | Paraguay (3–0) | | 3–0 | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| 2 | Colombia (2–1) | 0–3 | | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| 3 | Guatemala (1–2) | 0–3 | 0–3 | | 2–1 |
| 4 | Bahamas (0–3) | 0–3 | 0–3 | 1–2 | |
| | Pool B | PER | TRI | BOL | CRC | BAR |
| 1 | Peru (4–0) | | 3–0 | 3–0 | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| 2 | Trinidad and Tobago (3–1) | 0–3 | | 2–1 | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| 3 | Bolivia (2–2) | 0–3 | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 2–1 |
| 4 | Costa Rica (1–3) | 0–3 | 0–3 | 1–2 | | 3–0 |
| 5 | Barbados (0–4) | 0–3 | 0–3 | 1–2 | 0–3 | |
| | Pool C | CHI | VEN | ECU | JAM | DOM |
| 1 | Chile (4–0) | | 2–1 | 2–1 | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| 2 | Venezuela (3–1) | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 2–1 | 3–0 |
| 3 | Ecuador (2–2) | 1–2 | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 3–0 |
| 4 | Jamaica (1–3) | 0–3 | 1–2 | 1–2 | | 3–0 |
| 5 | Dominican Republic (0–4) | 0–3 | 0–3 | 0–3 | 0–3 | |
| | Pool D | MEX | URU | ESA | PUR |
| 1 | Mexico (3–0) | | 2–1 | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| 2 | Uruguay (2–1) | 1–2 | | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| 3 | El Salvador (1–2) | 0–3 | 0–3 | | 2–1 |
| 4 | Puerto Rico (0–3) | 0–3 | 0–3 | 1–2 | |

## Play-offs

Date: 24 April
| Winning Team | Score | Losing Team |
| Colombia | 2–1 | Paraguay |
| Peru | 3–0 | Venezuela |
| Chile | 3–0 | Trinidad and Tobago |
| Uruguay | 2–1 | Mexico |
* Chile, Colombia, Peru and Uruguay advanced to World Group.
# Hapalorestes

Hapalorestes is a genus of hapalodectid that lived during the early to middle Eocene. An average living individual's weight is estimated at 1 to 8 kilograms.
A characteristic trait of Hapalorestes is that the lower third molar is the longest in the row. There are broad, deep ‘embrasure pits’ present on the palate which would receive the crowns of the lower teeth when the jaws were closed. Similar pits are seen on the palates of Stem-whales, which has led some to believe they may share a close relation to modern whales.

## Species

* Genus Hapalorestes
** Hapalorestes lovei
# Édouard-Louis Pacaud

Édouard-Louis Pacaud, QC (January 20, 1815 – November 18, 1889) was a Quebec lawyer and political figure. He represented Kennebec division in the Legislative Council of Quebec from 1887 to 1889.
He was born in Bastican, Lower Canada in 1815, the son of Joseph Pacaud. Pacaud was educated at the Séminaire de Nicolet, then studied law with Antoine Polette at Trois-Rivières, was admitted to the bar in 1836 and set up practice there. He did not take part in the Lower Canada Rebellion although he did win the release of Louis-Joseph Papineau's brother André-Augustin. In 1841, he married Anne-Hermine Dumoulin, the daughter of merchant Charles-Julien Dumoulin. Pacaud was bankruptcy commissioner for Trois-Rivières district from 1844 to 1850, which also required him to preside at the Court of Quarter Sessions and to serve as justice of the peace. Pacaud acquired much property in the region. He moved his practice to Montreal in 1850 but returned to Trois-Rivières around 1854.
Pacaud ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Legislative Assembly for the Province of Canada in Mégantic in an 1850 by-election and in Nicolet in 1851. His platform included the abolition of the Legislative Council and the abolition of seigneurial tenure. In 1858, he partnered with Louis-Adélard Senécal and Sévère Dumoulin in the Compagnie de Navigation de Trois-Rivières.
Around 1861, he moved to Arthabaska. He acquired additional property in the region and served on the municipal council. In 1868, he married Françoise Dumoulin, the daughter of Pierre-Benjamin Dumoulin and the sister of Sévère Dumoulin. In 1878, he was named Queen's Counsel. He served as bâtonnier for the Arthabaska bar from 1884 and 1887 and bâtonnier for the province from 1885 to 1886.
He was named to the Legislative Council in 1887 and died in office at Arthabaska in 1889.
His daughter Angélique-Élisabeth-Hermine married Louis-Bonaventure Caron. His sister Louise-Adélaïde married Joseph-Guillaume Barthe. Pacaud was the uncle of Gaspard Pacaud who served in the Ontario legislative assembly and the great uncle of Lucien Turcotte Pacaud who served in the Canadian House of Commons. His nephew, Eduouard-Louis Pacaud, a noted lawyer and son to his sister Emilie Barthe, was long rumored to in fact be the son of Canadian Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier.
# Ian Watson

Ian Watson may refer to:
* Ian Watson (author) (born 1943), British science fiction author
* Ian Watson (basketball) (1949–1981), Australian Olympic basketball player
* Ian Watson (cricketer) (born 1947), English cricketer
* Ian Watson (director), Australian filmmaker, director of several episodes of 2014 TV series ANZAC Girls
* Ian Watson (footballer, born 1944), English footballer
* Ian Watson (footballer, born 1960), English footballer for Sunderland
* Ian Watson (priest) (born 1950), Archdeacon of Coventry
* Ian Watson (politician) (1934–2023), Liberal party member of the Canadian House of Commons
* Ian Watson (rugby league) (born 1976), Welsh rugby league footballer
* Ian Watson (ice hockey), ice hockey goaltender
* Iain Watson, British journalist and BBC political correspondent
# 2022 Ivy League women's basketball tournament

The 2022 Ivy League women's basketball tournament was the scheduled postseason women's basketball tournament for the Ivy League of the 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. It was held March 11 and 12, 2022, at the Lavietes Pavilion on the campus of Harvard University in Boston. Princeton won its third Ivy League championship, earning an automatic bid to the 2022 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament, the team's ninth appearance.

## Seeds

The top four teams in the Ivy League regular-season standings qualified for the tournament and were seeded according to their records in conference play, resulting in a Shaughnessy playoff. If a tie for any of the top four positions exists, tiebreakers are applied in the following order:
* Head-to-head record between teams involved in the tie.
* Record against the top team(s) not involved in the tie in order of conference record, going down through the seedings until the tie is broken.
* Average of the teams' ranking in the following computer systems: NCAA NET, Sagarin, KenPom, and ESPN Basketball Percentage Index.
| Seed | School | Record | Tiebreaker 1 | Tiebreaker 2 | Tiebreaker 3 | Tiebreaker 4 |
| 1 | Princeton | 14-0 | | | | |
| 2 | Columbia | 12-2 | | | | |
| 3 | Yale | 9–5 | | | | |
| 4 | Harvard | 7–7 | 1-1 vs. Penn | 0-2 vs. Princeton | 0-2 vs. Columbia | 1-1 vs. Yale |
| DNQ | Penn | 7-7 | 1-1 vs. Harvard | 0-2 vs. Princeton | 0-2 vs. Columbia | 0-2 vs. Yale |

## Schedule

| Session | Game | Time | Matchup | Score | Television |
| Semifinals – Saturday, March 12 |||||||
| 1 | 1 | 4:30 pm | No. 1 Princeton vs. No. 4 Harvard | 72–67 | ESPN+ |
| 1 | 2 | 7:30 pm | No. 2 Columbia vs. No. 3 Yale | 67–38 | ESPN+ |
| Championship – Sunday, March 13 |||||||
| 2 | 3 | 5:00 pm | No. 1 Princeton vs. No. 2 Columbia | 77-59 | ESPNEWS/ESPN+ |
| Game times in Eastern Time. Rankings denote tournament seeding. |||||||

## Bracket

| Semifinals Friday, March 11 ESPN+ | Semifinals Friday, March 11 ESPN+ | Semifinals Friday, March 11 ESPN+ | Championship Saturday, March 12 ESPNEWS/ESPN+ | Championship Saturday, March 12 ESPNEWS/ESPN+ | Championship Saturday, March 12 ESPNEWS/ESPN+ |
| 1 | Princeton | 72 | | | |
| 4 | Harvard | 67 | | | |
| 4 | Harvard | 67 | 1 | Princeton | 77 |
| | | | 2 | Columbia | 59 |
| 2 | Columbia | 67 | 2 | Columbia | 59 |
| 3 | Yale | 38 | | | |
# James Eyre (physician)

Sir James Eyre M.D. (1792–1857), was an English physician and Mayor of Hereford.
In October 1811, Eyre commenced his medical education at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where he was a pupil of John Abernethy. In 1813, seventy-five students subscribed to give the great silver cup with cover to Abernethy which is now used as a loving-cup at the annual dinner of the teachers of the medical school of St. Bartholomew's, and Eyre was chosen to present the piece of plate.
In 1814 he became a member of the College of Surgeons, and began practice in Hereford, where he attained some local celebrity; in 1830 Eyre was elected mayor (or in 1929), and was knighted in that year on the accession of William IV. George Drinkwater, mayor of Liverpool, was the only other mayor knighted, and a remark of Abernethy to a patient on these honours preserves the correct pronunciation of Eyre's name. "Go away," said Abernethy, "and have always in your thoughts the names of the mayors who have just been knighted, Eyre and Drinkwater, and you will soon recover your wind, and your shape too, I promise you."
Soon after his being knighted, Eyre decided to become a physician. After studying in Paris for a year, Eyre graduated at Edinburgh in 1834, became a member of the College of Physicians of London in 1836, and set up in practice in Lower Brook Street, London. In 1845, he published "Practical Remarks on some Exhausting Diseases, particularly those incident to Women"; and in 1852 "The Stomach and its Difficulties". Both books advocate the use of oxide of silver as a remedy for several gastric disorders. They are addressed to patients rather than to physicians, contain many trivial anecdotes, and no scientific observations.
After practicing with no great success for several years, Eyre retired to Brompton, and died suddenly while visiting a friend at Clapham on 19 June 1857. He was buried at West Norwood Cemetery.
# James Ruffin

James Ruffin may refer to:
* James E. Ruffin (1893–1977), US representative from Missouri
* James Ruffin (American football) (born 1987), American football defensive end
# Wubbold Glacier

Wubbold Glacier is a steeply inclined glacier, 8 nautical miles (15 km) long, flowing south from the Havre Mountains, situated in the northern portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The glacier drains the north, west and southwest slopes of Mount Pontida, and flows into Lazarev Bay north of Mount Holt. It was photographed from the air by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947 and was mapped from the photographs by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Commander J.H. Wubbold, USCG, commanding officer, USCGC Northwind, U.S. Navy Operation Deepfreeze, 1977.
# Johann Jakob Wirz

Johann Jakob Wirz (1778 in Basel – 1858) was a Swiss silkweaver who became known a Theosophist prophet and started a group called the Nazarenes, or in German Nazarener. His divine inspiration began around the end of 1823, and he soon gathered a small group, called the Nazarenes around him.
His works were published after his death as Jacob Wirz, Ein Zeugnis der Nazarener-Gemeinde von der Entwickelung des Reiches Gottes auf Erden (Barmen, 1862); this was followed by Briefe, letters in three volumes, (Barmen, 1863/1873).
It is not clear if this group has a direct connection to Samuel Heinrich Fröhlich (1803–1857) who was one of the founders of the German Nazarener movement which survives today only as the Nazarene Church in Romania with around 1,000 members. One theory has it that when the nineteen-year-old blacksmith Lajos Hencsey (1814–1844) came to Switzerland he met the disciples of Wirz and adopted their name instead of other numerous names circulating for Fröhlich's followers.
# Ischemic bowel

Ischemic bowel may refer to:
* Ischemic colitis, ischemia of the large bowel
* Mesenteric ischemia, ischemia of the small bowel
# Island growth

Island growth is a physical model of deposited film growth and chemical vapor deposition.

## Introduction

When atoms are deposited slowly onto a flat surface, the first one undergoes a random walk on that surface. Eventually a second atom is deposited; in all likelihood it will eventually meet the first atom. Once the two atoms meet they may bond to form a particle with a higher mass and a lower random walk velocity. Because the bonded particles are now more stable and less mobile than before, they are called an "island." Subsequent atoms deposited on the substrate eventually meet and bond with the island, further increasing its size and stability. Eventually the island can grow to fill the entire substrate with a single large grain.
The faster the atoms are deposited, the greater amount of atoms on the substrate before any large stable islands form. As these atoms meet, they will bond to their local neighbors before having the chance to migrate to a distant island. In this way a large number of separate islands are formed and can grow independently. Eventually the separate islands will grow to become separate grains in the final film.
The island growth model is used to explain how fast deposition techniques (such as sputter deposition) can produce films with many randomly oriented grains, whereas slow deposition techniques (such as MBE) tend to produce larger grains with more uniform structure.