OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert D. Springer

Robert Dale Springer (January 17, 1933 – August 19, 2021) was a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as vice commander in chief, Military Airlift Command from 1987 to 1988 and Inspector General of the Air Force from 1985 to 1987.
# Otakar Vejvoda

Otakar Vejvoda (born 18 June 1972 in Kladno, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech former ice hockey forward. He was a member of the gold medal-winning Czech team at the 1996 World Championships.
# Kuranda Range road

The Kuranda Range road is an informally named section of the Kennedy Highway in Queensland, Australia. The road traverses the Macalister Range near Cairns (16°50′18″S 145°40′21″E﻿ / ﻿16.83833°S 145.67250°E﻿ / -16.83833; 145.67250). The 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) section of road connects Smithfield, a suburb of Cairns in the Cairns Region with Kuranda, a town in the Shire of Mareeba on the Atherton Tableland, at an altitude of about 360 metres (1,180 ft). Traffic is primarily limited to one lane each way, with overtaking lanes at various points. The Kuranda Skyrail cableway crosses the road twice. Henry Ross Lookout is located near the road's highest point, at an altitude of 430 metres (1,410 ft), and is named after the foreman in charge of building the road to cross the range in 1939.

## History

Construction of the present Kuranda Range road as an alternative to the Gillies Highway began in 1940. This was partly as a result of public demand for better access to the Atherton Tableland, but also due to strategic wartime use. Whereas the previous Smithfield Track went relatively straight up the spur from Avondale Creek, passing by the present location of Henry Ross Lookout, and emerged at Mountain Grove, the new road took a far more circuitous route.
The Queensland Main Roads Commission surveyed, planned and constructed the Cairns-Kuranda road. The initial survey work was undertaken by the Commission Engineer A.J. Bond in 1939 in order to determine whether a grade was feasible. Henry Ross was appointed foreman. Single and married men's quarters were also established where the Smithfield Shopping Centre now stands. About 100 men built the road, with the aid of bulldozers, jackhammers and dynamite. Although most workers had to walk up and down the range each day to their work area, temporary blacksmith's shops were set up on site to sharpen jackhammer bits. There were no fatal accidents during construction and the road was completed to the top of the range in approximately 12 months.
Henry Ross chose "The Orange Grove" as the campsite for the second stage of the road into Kuranda. At the time of construction there was a low-level bridge over the Barron River to allow access to rainforest timbers on the eastern side of the river. On completion, the gravel road was predominantly a dual carriageway, however there were parts that were of one-way standard due to their roughness. In 1944 the road was reconditioned, and the Barron River bridge and approaches widened. In the years since, the range road has been improved, widened and re-surfaced many times.
# Kuranda (surname)

Kuranda is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hugo Kuranda (1910–?), Austrian skeleton racer
* Ignaz Kuranda (1812–1884), Bohemian-Austrian deputy and political writer
* Richard Kuranda (born 1969), American actor and theatrical director
# Kunisada Chūji (1958 film)

Kunisada Chūji (国定忠治, Kunisada Chūji) is a 1958 color Japanese film directed by Shigehiro Ozawa.

## Cast

* Chiezo Kataoka as Kunisada Chūji
* Ryūnosuke Tsukigata as Genji
* Kōtarō Satomi as Asataro
* Shunji Sakai as Denkichi
# Kühmamäe

Kühmamäe is a village in Võru Parish, Võru County in Estonia.
# Otitoma lirata

Otitoma lirata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 35 mm, its diameter 12 mm.
The fusiform shell is turreted and keeled all over. The keels are nearly of the same size, and almost equidistant. The keel on the middle of the whorls is slightly the largest. The intermediate superfices are concave. The interstices between the keels are finely striate longitudinally. The sinus is deep. The siphonal canal is short. The color of the shell is white, the keels are spotted with reddish brown.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Hawaii; also off the Philippines.
# Oswego River

Oswego River may refer to the following:
* Oswego River (New Jersey), a tributary of the Wading River in New Jersey
* Oswego River (New York), a tributary of Lake Ontario in New York
# 2009 French Open – Wheelchair women's singles

Two-time defending champion Esther Vergeer defeated Korie Homan in a rematch of the previous year's final, 6–2, 7–5 to win the women's singles wheelchair tennis title at the 2009 French Open.

## Seeds

* Esther Vergeer (champion)
* Korie Homan (final)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Finals

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Esther Vergeer | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Aniek van Koot | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Aniek van Koot | 0 | 0 | | 1 | Esther Vergeer | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | | | | | | Florence Gravellier | 2 | 2 | | | | |
| | Florence Gravellier | 4 | 6 | 6 | | Florence Gravellier | 2 | 2 | | | | |
| | Jiske Griffioen | 6 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| | Jiske Griffioen | 6 | 2 | 1 | | | | | 1 | Esther Vergeer | 6 | 7 |
| | | | | | | | | | 2 | Korie Homan | 2 | 5 |
| | Annick Sevenans | 3 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Korie Homan | 2 | 5 |
| | Sharon Walraven | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
| | Sharon Walraven | 6 | 7 | | | Sharon Walraven | 0 | 2 | | | | |
| | | | | | 2 | Korie Homan | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | Lucy Shuker | 0 | 0 | | 2 | Korie Homan | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 2 | Korie Homan | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
# Osbernville, Illinois

Osbernville is an unincorporated community in Christian County, Illinois, United States. It lies at 39°45′40″N 89°10′43″W﻿ / ﻿39.76111°N 89.17861°W﻿ / 39.76111; -89.17861.
# Our Lady of the Good Shepherd

Our Lady of the Good Shepherd is a title which refers to Mary, mother of Jesus, in connection with Jesus's role as the "Good Shepherd". This title and its variants may refer to:
* Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd, a French religious order
* Our Lady of the Good Shepherd Cathedral, Djibouti
* Feast of Our Lady Mother of the Good Shepherd, a feast day locally celebrated on or near the Third Sunday of Easter
* Parish Church of Our Lady of the Divine Shepherd, a church in Brazil
# Otway Fitzgerald

Venerable Augustus Otway Fitzgerald (20 May 1813 – 24 December 1897) was Archdeacon of Wells from 1863 until his death.
Fitzgerald was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1831 and graduated B.A. in 1835. He held incumbencies at Fledborough, Charlton Mackrell and the Church of St Michael, Brent Knoll.
Fitzgerald died aged 84 on 24 December 1897 at Brent Knoll, Somerset.

## Family

Augustus Otway Fitzgerald was the son of Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Lewis Fitzgerald, K.C.H. He was baptised on 21 April 1813 at St Swithin's Church, Walcot, Bath, Somerset.
He married firstly Sarah Ann Procter on 7 February 1839 in St Michael the Archangel's Church, Laxton, Nottinghamshire; she died aged 21 on 7 February 1841 in Laxton Vicarage. There was one daughter, Sarah Ann Fitzgerald, who died at birth.
Fitzgerald married secondly Theresa Thring on 10 August 1843 in St Gregory's Church, Fledborough, Nottinghamshire. Children from this marriage included:
* Gerald Augustus Robert FitzGerald K.C. (1844–1925), barrister at aw
* Maurice Otho Fitzgerald (1845–1931), bank director
* Mabel Sarah Fitzgerald (1847–1939), unmarried.
# Robert Salisbury

Robert Salisbury may refer to:
* Sir Robert Salisbury (educationalist), and author of Field of Dreams
* the pen-name of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury (born 1946), political columnist and former leader of the House of Lords
* Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903), British prime minister and origin of the phrase "Bob's your uncle"
# Robert Salman

Robert Salman (died by 1444) was a landowner in Calne, Wiltshire. He was the member of Parliament for Malmesbury for the parliament of 1399 and for Calne for multiple parliaments from 1399 to 1417. Salman and his wife were members of the John St. Lo parish church in Calne.
# Kwaggaskloof Dam

Kwaggaskloof Dam is a dam on the Wabooms River, near Worcester, Western Cape, South Africa. It was established in 1975.
# Kwaggafontein

Kwaggafontein is a town along the Moloto Road (R573) in the Thembisile Hani Local Municipality of the Nkangala District Municipality, which is located in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. It was established in the late 1940s by the AmaNdebele tribe of South Africa. The Ndebele people who currently occupy the town came from nearby farms that are today in the Mpumalanga and Gauteng provinces. Many people came from current day Bronkhorstspruit, Delmas, Balmoral and other surrounding areas.
It is a modern, civilised area consisting of schools, Kwagga Mall (formerly Kwagga Plaza), and a market. There is also a Marble Mine nearby currently producing limestones as concrete crushed slabs currently operating around the clock.

## Nomenclature

The place gets its name from the extinct quagga animal. The area was once a farm for quaggas (zebra and donkey breeds). It is also called Mkobola by the locals.
# Osmanca, Düzce

Osmanca is a village in the Düzce District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 324 (2022).
# Osmanca, Bigadiç

Osmanca is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bigadiç, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 352 (2022).
# Osmancık District

Osmancık District is a district of the Çorum Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Osmancık. Its area is 1,273 km$^2$, and its population is 43,297 (2022).

## Composition

There is one municipality in Osmancık District:
* Osmancık
There are 55 villages in Osmancık District:
* Ağıroğlan
* Akören
* Alibey
* Ardıç
* Aşağızeytin
* Aşıkbükü
* Avlağı
* Aydınköy
* Baldıran
* Baltacımehmetpaşa
* Başpınar
* Belkavak
* Çampınar
* Çatak
* Çayırköy
* Danişment
* Deliler
* Doğanköy
* Durucasu
* Evlik
* Fındıcak
* Fındıkköy
* Gecek
* Girinoğlan
* Gökdere
* Güneşören
* Güvercinlik
* Hanefi
* İnal
* İncesu
* Kamil
* Karaçay
* Karaköy
* Karalargüney
* Kargı
* Kızıltepe
* Konaca
* Kumbaba
* Kuz
* Kuzhayat
* Öbektaş
* Ovacıksuyu
* Pelitçik
* Sarıalan
* Sarpunkavak
* Seki
* Sekibağı
* Sütlüce
* Tekmen
* Tepeyolaltı
* Umaç
* Yağsüzen
* Yaylabaşı
* Yenidanişment
* Yukarızeytin

## Population

Population by year :
| Years | Central | Villages | Total |
| 2022 | 30,537 | 12,760 | 43,297 |
| 2008 | 24,678 | 26,486 | 51,164 |
| 2000 | 30,423 | 25,335 | 53,758 |
| 1990 | 21,347 | 31,143 | 52,490 |
| 1980 | | | 63,018 |
| 1970 | | | 53,849 |
| 1960 | | | 42,960 |
| 1927 | | | 29,184 |
| 1907 | | | 29,473 |
| 1893 | | | 17,639 |
# Kırıktaş, Refahiye

Kırıktaş is a village in the Refahiye District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Hormek and had a population of 24 in 2022.
# Otto Vellingk

Count Otto Ottoson Vellingk (1649–1708) was a Swedish general during the Great Northern War.

## Biography

He was born in Jama in Swedish Ingria to Otto Gotthardsson Vellingk and Christina Nilsdotter Mannersköld.
In 1664, Vellingk became a lieutenant with the Swedish regiment at Bremen. He subsequently entered French service in 1666 and was promoted in 1670 to Colonel in the French army. He was promoted to general in the Swedish Army during 1698. He participated in key battles of Great Northern War including: the Battle of Narva in 1700, and the Crossing of Daugava near Riga in 1701. He participated in the Battle of Klissow on 9 July 1702. He was in the Battle of Punitz on 28 October 1704.
He was made a royal advisor in 1705, and ennobled as a count in 1706.
# Otto Veraguth

Otto Veraguth (13 May 1870, Chur – 17 December 1944) was a Swiss neurologist.
In 1895 he received his doctorate at Zurich, where he trained under Constantin von Monakow (1853–1930). In 1900 he obtained his habilitation for neurology, and in 1918 was appointed associate professor of physical therapy at the University of Zurich. From 1922 to 1924 he was president of the Schweizerischen Neurologischen Gesellschaft (Swiss Neurological Society).
In the 1900s he published a study of a phenomenon he called "psychogalvanic reflex" associated with observed changes in the electrical properties of the skin. In his research he noticed that emotional stimuli caused greater deflections (higher readings) on a galvanometer that was connected to the skin via electrodes than did neutral stimuli.
His name is associated with "Veraguth's fold", a fold of skin on the upper eyelid that purportedly is a characteristic of individuals suffering from depression. Veraguth used the terms "micro- and macroscopic aura" in association with epilepsy and migraine, in which objects and stimuli in the environment appear to be disproportionally small or large.

## Publications

* Ueber Mikropsie und Makropsie, 1903 - On micropsia and macropsia.
* Kultur und Nervensystem, Zurich, 1904. - Culture and the nervous system.
* Das psychogalvanische Reflexphänomen, Berlin, 1909 - The psychogalvanic reflex phenomena.
* Neurasthenia, Berlin, 1910 - Neurasthenia.
* Otto Veraguth, 1870-1944 : Neurologe und Professor für physikalische Therapie by Peter Süssli, 1991.
* Osti je fourrerais Arianne dans lcul Montreal 2015
# Kayalık, Kovancılar

Kayalık is a village in the Kovancılar District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 81 (2021). The village is populated by Kurds.
# Heolddu Comprehensive School

Heolddu Comprehensive School is a school located in the town of Bargoed, South Wales, and serves the town of Bargoed as well as the villages of Deri, Aberbargoed, Tir-Phil, Cascade, Gilfach, Tredegar and Brithdir in the Caerphilly LEA. The school has 700 pupils and 40 teaching staff.

## History

The building itself was constructed in 1974. Until 2017 the school's motto had been "opportunity for all", it was then changed to “Achieving Excellence Together”.
By 1989 the school began having classes in Japanese as a foreign language. Mike Howarth, then the headmaster, had taken Japanese classes.

## Alumni

* Hefin David – Member of the Senedd
* James Fox – Represented the UK in the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest.
* Lauren Price – Ex-footballer and professional kickboxer, competing at the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games, Olympic Gold Champion.
* Tegan Nox – Professional wrestler formerly signed to WWE.
* David Price – Professional Golfer. Welsh Amateur Champion, Portuguese Amateur Champion and Welsh International, played on the European Tour . Studied at Heolddu and plays at Bargoed Golf Club
* Nathan Cleverly – European and World champion boxer
* Kieron Evans – Professional footballer
# Joel Felix (historian)

Joël Félix (born 1960) is a professor of European history at the University of Reading. Félix is a specialist in the Ancien Régime and the French Revolution.

## Selected publications

* Louis XVI et Marie-Antoinette. Un couple en politique, Payot, Paris, 2006. (awarded the prix Paul-Michel Perret by the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, 2006).
* Finances et politique au siècle des Lumières: le ministère L'Averdy, 1763-1768, Comité pour l'Histoire Economique et Financière de la France, Paris, 1999.
* Economie et finances sous l'Ancien Régime, guide du chercheur, 1523-1789, Comité pour l'Histoire Economique et Financière de la France, Paris, 1994.
* Les Magistrats du Parlement de Paris, 1771-1789, Sedopols, Paris, 1990.
# A1 broth

An A1 broth is a liquid culture medium used in microbiology for the detection of fecal coliforms in foods, treated wastewater and seawater bays using the most probable number (MPN) method. It is prepared according to the formulation of Andrews and Presnell given below. It is used with a Durham tube, a positive tube being one that exhibits a trapped bubble of gas.

## Typical formula (g/L)

| Tryptone | 20.0 |
| Lactose | 5.0 |
| Sodium chloride | 5.0 |
| Triton X-100 | 1.0 |
| Salicin | 0.5 |

## Directions

Suspend the dry ingredients in one liter of cold distilled water. Gently heat until completely dissolved and distribute 9 mL into test tubes with an inverted Durham tube. Sterilize in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. If needed, prepare multi-strength broth weighing the appropriate quantity of the dry medium. The final pH is 6.9 ± 0.1.

## Widespread usage

Variants of this test has been used for potable water across the globe, for example by the Cree community of Split Lake, Manitoba, by the Mapuche people of Maquehue, Chile and in Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand
# James Gogarty

James Gogarty (1890–1921), was an Irish political figure. He took part in the Easter Rising in 1916; and was the first known Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) casualty of the Irish War of Independence.
Gogarty born on 23 March 1890 in the town of Nobber, County Meath, in Ireland. He rose to prominence as a rebel in the Easter Rising of 1916. Following a brief period of incarceration in the Welsh Prisoner of War Camp, Frangoch, where he first met future leader Michael Collins, he returned to Ireland and rejoined the IRB In 1921, he became the first known IRB death of the Irish War of Independence.
A life size bust of Gogarty is displayed inside Leinster House in Dublin, the seat of the Irish Parliament.
# Kenneth E. Hartman

Kenneth E. Hartman (born December 28, 1960) is an American writer and prison activist. In 1980, Hartman was convicted of murder at the age of 19 for beating a homeless man to death in a Long Beach park, and he was sentenced to life in prison without parole. While in prison, Hartman became known as a prisoner-rights advocate, and on April 15, 2017, Hartman was one of 2 prisoners to have their lifetime sentences commuted by Governor Jerry Brown. Hartman was released from prison in December 2017.
Hartman was one of the proponents of the "Honor Yard" in California State Prison in Lancaster; the program involves "600 inmates who have promised to avoid drugs, gang activity and violence against each other or prison staff and who live in a section of the prison separated from the general inmates" where they may take training and classes. Hartman wrote about his experiences in prison and this program in his essay "A Prisoners' Purpose". In a 2009 New York Times editorial, he described the effects of the recession on the prison system. He has also written against the penalty of life imprisonment without parole, calling it "the other death penalty". In a December 2014 feature for Harper's Magazine, he described three decades of prison Christmases to illustrate the progressive attempts to dehumanize prisoners in the United States.
His 2009 memoir is Mother California: A Story of Redemption Behind Bars (ISBN 0692358331).
# 4-Diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol

4-Diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol (or CDP-ME) is an intermediate in the MEP pathway (non-mevalonate pathway) of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. It is produced by the enzyme 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (IspD) and is a substrate for CDP-ME kinase (IspE).
* This article about an organic compound is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Franklin Regular Baptist Church

Franklin Regular Baptist Church, also known simply as Franklin Baptist Church, is a historic church building located southeast of Seymour in rural Appanoose County, Iowa, United States. The white frame church is associated with the no longer extant village of Livingston and its founder Livingston Parker. Parker was an Upstate New York native who relocated to Ohio before homesteading in Appanoose County in 1854. The Baptist Society was formed in Franklin Township on April 12, 1862, in the home of Peter Angle. Livingston Parker served as moderator for most of the community's Covenant Meetings before he was ordained and called as a circuit preacher for churches in Exline, Iowa, St. John, Missouri, and Livingston. The congregation in Livingston met in member homes until it was able to raise the money to complete the church building in 1881. The church originally faced a road, but the county built 135th Avenue behind the church in the 1950s. The congregation remained in existence until 1967. The church building began to deteriorate until 1999 when the local cemetery association began to look after it. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
# François Boitard

François Boitard (1670 – c.1715) was a French Baroque artist.

## Biography

Boitard was born in Toulouse. According to Houbraken he was a pupil of Raymond Lafage who later followed his style of making drawings and prints. He was able to attract a crowd in a tavern with his ingenious method of drawing a complicated version of the Pharaoh entering the Red Sea in two hours, from what appeared to be random scratches on a piece of paper. He copied this trick from Lafage, and Houbraken witnessed it himself in a tavern in London in 1709.
According to the RKD he lived in Rome during the 1680s and is registered in London in 1709. He drew many book illustrations and was the teacher of Jacques André Joseph Camellot Aved. The engraver Louis Peter Boitard was his son. He died in Amsterdam.
# John Barry (Dean of Elphin)

John Barry (1728–1794) was an Irish Anglican Dean.
Barry was born in Cork and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Dean of Elphin from 1778 until his death in 1794.
# François Vannson

François Vannson (born 20 October 1962 in Épinal) is a former member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Vosges department from 1993 to 2017 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
# Franklin eBookMan

The Franklin eBookMan is a discontinued handheld device made to read ebooks. This gadget, made from 1999 until 2002, has standard PDA functions and can play and record sounds. It has a black on green touchscreen, contains 8 or 16 MB of RAM, and uses its own proprietary operating system. Its handwriting recognition system accepts nearly natural handwriting.
Three models of eBookman were produced: the 900 (8 Mb memory - no backlight), the 901 (8 Mb memory - backlight) and the 911 (16 Mb memory - backlight). All come with an MMC (not SD-compatible for the 8Mb model, but properly compatible with the 16Mb models.) slot which allows for memory expansion. The eBookMan can read contacts and appointments from Microsoft Outlook; synchronization with a Windows PC is done through a USB cable.
Early eBookMan units lost all information stored on them when the batteries were changed. Franklin acknowledged the problem, and replaced all defective units at no charge. Its digital rights management system is tied directly to the hardware, which resulted in an immediate problem for marketing: it was not possible to try the device in-store since it wouldn't work until the user connected it to an Internet-linked PC and downloaded their own registered version of the OS. Support was provided via a home page at Franklin, now removed, which when development ceased in 2002 was still describing the device as 'new'.
Although research and development on the eBookMan ceased in 2002, new eBookMans continued to be available from Ectaco. As of April 30, 2011, all support and downloads for eBookMan were discontinued.
There is an active user base. Some users have written programs for the eBookMan. Many games were developed and a free version of the Mobipocket reader was developed for the eBookMan to take the place of the underpowered Franklin reader which came with the device.
# Johan Dahl

Johan Dahl (born 19 September 1959) is a Faroese politician currently in the Løgting.