OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wyon

Several members of the Wyon family were noted medal makers:
* Thomas Wyon the elder (1767–1830), British engraver
* Peter Wyon (1797–1822), British engraver
* Thomas Wyon (1792–1817), British engraver
* William Wyon (1795–1851), British engraver
* Benjamin Wyon (1802–1858), British engraver
* Leonard Charles Wyon (1826–1891), British engraver
* Joseph Shepherd Wyon (1836–1873), British engraver
* Alfred Benjamin Wyon (1837–1884), British engraver
* Edward Alexander Wyon (1842−1872), British architect and poet
* Olive Wyon (1881–1966), British author and translator
* Allan Wyon (1843–1907), British engraver
* Allan G. Wyon (1882–1962), British die-engraver and sculptor
# 2014 Women's Futsal World Tournament

The 2014 Women's Futsal World Tournament was the fifth edition of the Women's Futsal World Tournament, the premier world championship for women's national futsal teams. The competition was to be hosted in Russia, but was moved to Hatillo District, in Costa Rica.

## Venues

| Arena | BN Arena |
| Picture | |
| City | Hatillo District |
| Capacity | 5,200 |
| Matches | Group A (6), Group B (3), Play-off round (5) |

## Referees

* José Francisco Katemo (Angola)
* Geovanny López Munguía (Costa Rica)
* Jeisson Peñaloza Cruz (Costa Rica)
* Ronny Castro Zumbado (Costa Rica)
* Diego Molina López (Costa Rica)
* Sergio Enrique Cabrera Acosta (Cuba)
* Roberto Michel Sánchez Álvarez (Cuba)
* Jorge Antonio Flores Hernández (El Salvador)
* Carlos Enrique González Sánchez (Guatemala)
* Deon Feassal (Guyana)
* Francisco Javier Rivera Llerenas (Mexico)
* Wenceslaos Aguilar Díaz (Panama)
* Luis Alberto Aguilar Racero (Panama)
* Shane Butler (United States)
* Renata Leite Neves (Brazil)
* Raquel González Ruano (Spain)
* Miguel López González (Cuba)
* Leroy Rafael Brown Gómez (Guatemala)

## Group stage
### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Brazil | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 2 | +12 | 9 |
| Portugal | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 4 | +4 | 6 |
| Japan | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 12 | −9 | 3 |
| Russia | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 10 | −7 | 0 |
| 10 Dec 2014 | Japan | 0–4 (0–1) | Portugal |
| 10 Dec 2014 | Brazil | 5–0 (1–0) | Russia |
| 11 Dec 2014 | Russia | 2–3 (1–1) | Japan |
| 11 Dec 2014 | Portugal | 2–3 (1–2) | Brazil |
| 12 Dec 2014 | Portugal | 2–1 (0–1) | Russia |
| 12 Dec 2014 | Brazil | 6–0 (5–0) | Japan |

### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Spain | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | +12 | 6 |
| Costa Rica | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 5 | −2 | 3 |
| Guatemala | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 11 | −10 | 0 |
| 10 Dec 2014 | Costa Rica | 0–4 (0–1) | Spain |
| 11 Dec 2014 | Spain | 8–0 (4–0) | Guatemala |
| 12 Dec 2014 | Costa Rica | 3–1 (1–1) | Guatemala |

## Final round

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| 14 December | 14 December |
| Spain | 2 |
| Spain | 2 | 15 December | 15 December |
| Portugal | 3 | 15 December | 15 December |
| Portugal | 3 | Portugal | 3 |
| 14 December | 14 December | | Portugal | 3 |
| 14 December | 14 December | Brazil | 4 |
| Brazil | 8 | Brazil | 4 |
| Costa Rica | 1 | | |
| Costa Rica | 1 | Third place | Third place |
| | | 15 December | 15 December |
| | | Spain | 8 |
| | | Costa Rica | 2 |
| Semifinals |
| 14 Dec 2014 | Spain | 2–3 (1–1) | Portugal |
| 14 Dec 2014 | Brazil | 8–1 (4–0) | Costa Rica |
| 5th place |
| 14 Dec 2014 | Japan | 1–2 (1–0) | Guatemala |
| 3rd place |
| 15 Dec 2014 | Spain | 8–2 (5–2) | Costa Rica |
| Final |
| 15 Dec 2014 | Portugal | 3–4 (1–1) | Brazil |

## Final ranking

| Rank | Team |
| | Brazil |
| | Portugal |
| | Spain |
| 4 | Costa Rica |
| 5 | Guatemala |
| 6 | Japan |
| 7 | Russia |
* Women's Futsal World Tournament 2014 winners
* Brazil 5th title
# Karate at the 2019 European Games – Men's kumite 67 kg

The men's kumite 67 kg competition at the 2019 European Games in Minsk was held on 30 June 2019 at the Čyžoŭka-Arena.

## Schedule

All times are local (UTC+3).
| Date | Time | Event |
| Sunday, 30 June 2019 | 12:00 | Elimination round |
| Sunday, 30 June 2019 | 16:04 | Semifinals |
| Sunday, 30 June 2019 | 17:40 | Final |

## Results
### Elimination round
#### Group A

| Rank | Athlete | B | W | D | L | Pts | Score |
| 1 | Artsiom Krautsou (BLR) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5–1 |
| 2 | Yves Martial Tadissi (HUN) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5–1 |
| 3 | Stefan Pokorny (AUT) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4–3 |
| 4 | Rafiz Hasanov (AZE) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5–14 |
| | Score | |
| Artsiom Krautsou (BLR) | 0–0 | Stefan Pokorny (AUT) |
| Yves Martial Tadissi (HUN) | 5–1 | Rafiz Hasanov (AZE) |
| Yves Martial Tadissi (HUN) | 0–0 | Stefan Pokorny (AUT) |
| Artsiom Krautsou (BLR) | 5–1 | Rafiz Hasanov (AZE) |
| Rafiz Hasanov (AZE) | 3–4 | Stefan Pokorny (AUT) |
| Artsiom Krautsou (BLR) | 0–0 | Yves Martial Tadissi (HUN) |

#### Group B

| Rank | Athlete | B | W | D | L | Pts | Score |
| 1 | Luca Maresca (ITA) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 3–0 |
| 2 | Mario Hodžić (MNE) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 3–2 |
| 3 | Burak Uygur (TUR) | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0–0 |
| 4 | Jess Rosiello (BEL) | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2–6 |
| | Score | |
| Luca Maresca (ITA) | 0–0 | Mario Hodžić (MNE) |
| Jess Rosiello (BEL) | 0–0 | Burak Uygur (TUR) |
| Jess Rosiello (BEL) | 2–3 | Mario Hodžić (MNE) |
| Luca Maresca (ITA) | 0–0 | Burak Uygur (TUR) |
| Burak Uygur (TUR) | 0–0 | Mario Hodžić (MNE) |
| Luca Maresca (ITA) | 3–0 | Jess Rosiello (BEL) |

### Finals

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Artsiom Krautsou (BLR) | 0 |
| Mario Hodžić (MNE) | 4 | | |
| Mario Hodžić (MNE) | 4 | Mario Hodžić (MNE) | 3 |
| | | Luca Maresca (ITA) | 4 |
| Luca Maresca (ITA) | 2 | Luca Maresca (ITA) | 4 |
| Yves Martial Tadissi (HUN) | 0 | | |
# Native American Film and Video Festival

The Native American Film and Video Festival was a noncompetitive showcase of film, video and audio productions. It was held biennially in New York City from 1997 to 2011. Each festival screened between 50 and 80 documentaries, short features and animations, introduced by their producers and members of the native communities represented. Works to be featured in a given festival were chosen by a team of selectors made up of media makers and cultural activists from among indigenous peoples of the Americas and the program staff of the Film and Video Center of the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of the American Indian. Selectors have included indigenous film makers such as Chris Eyre, Randy Redroad, and Nora Naranjo-Morse, and Native American cultural experts and academics such as G. Peter Jemison, Beverly Singer, and Paul Apodaca.
Founded in 1979, the Festival is internationally recognized as the first to feature Native productions from throughout the Americas and the Arctic Circle; indigenous media makers participate from Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico, and the United States (including Hawaii).
# Pervertida

Pervertida (Perverted Woman) is a 1946 Mexican drama film directed by José Díaz Morales, starring Emilia Guiú, Ramón Armengod and Amalia Aguilar. The film is inspired by the bolero of the same name composed by Agustin Lara.

## Plot

By irreparable events of the destiny, Elena (Emilia Guiú) a provincial young, ends up falling into the clutches of perdition and prostitution in Mexico City. The woman reunited with her true love, a musician named Fernando (Ramon Armengod) who has returned to find her. The woman will have to compete for his love with the rumbera Esmeralda (Amalia Aguilar).

## Cast

* Emilia Guiú ... Elena
* Ramón Armengod ... Fernando
* Amalia Aguilar ... Esmeralda
* Víctor Manuel Mendoza
* Fanny Schiller
* Kiko Mendive

## Reviews

This film was produced by the brothers Guillermo and Pedro Arturo Calderón, experts in tales of "perdition". The film was the presentation in the Mexican Cinema of the Cuban rumbera Amalia Aguilar. In the film, Amalia Aguilar shows her great talent for dancing in a choreographic solo called ¿Donde va María? alongside Kiko Mendive.
# 1937 All-Southern Conference football team

The 1937 All-Southern Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) for the All-Southern Conference football team for the 1937 college football season.

## All-Southern Conference selections
### Backs

* Paul Shu, VMI (AP-1; UP-1)
* Elmore Hackney, Duke (AP-1; UP-1)
* Jim Meade, Maryland (AP-1; UP-2)
* Crowell Little, North Carolina (AP-1; UP-2)
* Eric Tipton, Duke (AP-2; UP-1)
* Tom Burnette, North Carolina (AP-2; UP-1)
* Eddie Berlinski, NC State (AP-2; UP-2)
* Don Willis, Clemson (AP-2; UP-2)
* Teeny Lafferty, Davidson (AP-3)
* Charlie Weidinger, Maryland (AP-3)

### Ends

* Andy Bershak, North Carolina (AP-1; UP-1)
* Herb Hudgins, Duke (AP-1; UP-2)
* Jess Tatum, NC State (AP-3; UP-1)
* Bailey Williams, Davidson (AP-2; UP-2)
* Smith, Maryland (AP-2)
* Francis King, Citadel (AP-3)

### Tackles

* Henry Barton, North Carolina (AP-1; UP-1)
* Joe Brunansky, Duke (AP-1; UP-1)
* Fred Wyse, Clemson (AP-2; UP-2)
* Richard Strickler, VMI (AP-2)
* Al Fielder, VMI (AP-3; UP-2)
* Steve Maronic, North Carolina (AP-3)

### Guards

* Elmer Wrenn, North Carolina (AP-1; UP-1)
* Woody Lipscomb, Duke (AP-1; UP-1)
* Jack Shivers, Furman (AP-2; UP-2)
* Jim Woodson, North Carolina (AP-2)
* Red Echols, VMI (AP-3; UP-2)
* Mike Surgent, Maryland (AP-3)

### Centers

* Charlie Woods, Clemson (AP-1; UP-1)
* Dan Hill, Duke (AP-2; UP-2)
* Andy Sabados, Citadel (AP-3)

## Key

AP = Associated Press
UP = United Press
# Ribes cynosbati

Ribes cynosbati is a North American species of shrub in the family Grossulariaceae (gooseberries and currants). It is native to the eastern and central United States and Canada. It has several common names, including prickly gooseberry, eastern prickly gooseberry, dogberry, and dog bramble. It grows in rich forests, rocky slopes, and open heaths from New Brunswick south along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Alabama and west as far as Manitoba, the Dakotas and Oklahoma.

## Description

Ribes cynosbati reaches a height of up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) with erect to spreading stems. The leaves have 3 or 5 lobes, with glandular hairs. The flowers are greenish-white. The round fruits are bristly, white to greenish, and pleasant-tasting.
* Fruits and leaves
* Flowers
* young fruit
# 1969–70 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season

The 1969–70 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 31st season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Valerenga Ishockey won the championship.

## Regular season

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | Vålerenga Ishockey | 21 | 17 | 1 | 3 | 109:52 | 35 |
| 2. | Frisk Asker | 21 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 92:40 | 33 |
| 3. | Jar IL | 21 | 14 | 0 | 7 | 104:67 | 28 |
| 4. | Gamlebyen | 21 | 11 | 1 | 9 | 82:77 | 23 |
| 5. | Grüner/Hugin | 21 | 9 | 1 | 11 | 66:95 | 19 |
| 6. | Kampørn | 21 | 8 | 0 | 13 | 91:98 | 16 |
| 7. | Hasle-Løren Idrettslag | 21 | 6 | 0 | 15 | 80:95 | 12 |
| 8. | Sparta Sarpsborg | 21 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 39:139 | 2 |
# John Edwin Luecke

John Edwin Luecke is an American mathematician who works in topology and knot theory. He got his Ph.D. in 1985 from the University of Texas at Austin and is now a professor in the department of mathematics at that institution.

## Work

Luecke specializes in knot theory and 3-manifolds. In a 1987 paper Luecke, Marc Culler, Cameron Gordon, and Peter Shalen proved the cyclic surgery theorem. In a 1989 paper Luecke and Cameron Gordon proved that knots are determined by their complements, a result now known as the Gordon–Luecke theorem.
Dr Luecke received a NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1992 and Sloan Foundation fellow in 1994. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
# Robin Hughes (filmmaker)

Robin Hughes AO (born Eleanor Robin Hughes) is an Australian filmmaker, producer and writer. She was Pro-Chancellor of the Australian National University from 2014 until 2017.

## Early life

Hughes was born in Sydney, and attended Fort Street High School. She received a BA in Psychology from the University of Sydney.

## Career

Hughes started her career in London as a producer for BBC Radio before moving back to Sydney to join ABC Radio's newly-formed Science Unit. She was head of Film Australia from 1985–1989, where she restructured the entire company and established the first animation unit. She went on to produce a number of award-winning documentaries for television, including Australians with Mike Willesee. From 1991-1997 she served as Chair of the Council of the Australian Film, Television and Radio School. From 1992 until 2007 she was the writer and interviewer for Australian Biography, an archival project and television series produced by Screen Australia that aired on SBS television, and included interviews with some of Australia's most important thinkers, entertainers, artists and musicians, including Nugget Coombs, Smoky Dawson, Thomas Keneally, Malcolm Fraser and Donald Horne. Hughes wrote a book based on the series, entitled Australian Lives, published by Angus & Robertson. In 2012 she wrote, presented and co-produced a follow-up television series, Creative Minds, which included interviews with Geoffrey Rush, Kate Grenville and Bill Henson and also aired on SBS. Hughes has acted as Chair on the boards of several performing arts companies, including Performing Lines and Bangarra Dance Theatre. In 2019, Hughes earned a doctorate in Creative Writing from Macquarie University. She was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for services to film and broadcasting in 1993. She won the Stanley Hawes Award for contributions to Australian documentary-making at the 2004 Australian International Documentary Conference.

## Personal life

Hughes is married to cultural economist David Throsby and lives in Hunters Hill, Sydney.
# Yōrō Mountains

The Yōrō Mountains (養老山地, Yōrō Sanchi) are a mountain range straddling the border between Gifu and Mie prefectures in Japan. They form part of the western border of the Nōbi Plain.

## Geography

The Yōrō Mountains are approximately 10 km (6 mi) wide and 25 km (16 mi) long, running primarily from south-southwest to north-northeast. The northern section's highest peaks reach 900 m (2,953 ft), and the southern section's reach 400 m (1,312 ft). The group's tallest point is Mount Shō (笙ヶ岳 Shō-ga-dake), but the main peaks are Mount Yōrō in the north and Mount Tado (多度山 Tado-yama) in the south.

## Flora and fauna

A variety of beech and oak trees covers the Yōrō Mountains. The Japanese government has declared Mount Shō a natural monument for its diverse plant life.
Major mammals on the mountains include the Japanese macaque and sika deer.

## Places of interest

On the Yōrō Line, between Mino-Yamazaki Station and Komano Station, on the side of Mt. Garyou, a Buddhist temple was built by Gyōki in 744 AD. It was originally called Temple of the Bodhisattva of Mt. Garyou. It was burned down in 1336 during a war. In 1705 it was rebuilt by the Matsudaira nobility as their private temple and renamed Gyōkiji (Gyōki's Temple).
Near Yōrō town, on the side of Mount Yōrō, is the Yōrō waterfall and a large park with two special areas for children. There is also a hiking path to the top of the mountain.
Tado Shrine is near the town of Tado. There are hiking paths to the top of Mount Tado, which is 403 meters.
# Karate at the 2019 European Games – Women's kumite 55 kg

The women's kumite 55 kg competition at the 2019 European Games in Minsk was held on 30 June 2019 at the Čyžoŭka-Arena.

## Schedule

All times are local (UTC+3).
| Date | Time | Event |
| Sunday, 30 June 2019 | 09:00 | Elimination round |
| Sunday, 30 June 2019 | 15:16 | Semifinals |
| Sunday, 30 June 2019 | 16:44 | Final |

## Results
### Elimination round
#### Group A

| Rank | Athlete | B | W | D | L | Pts | Score |
| 1 | Jana Bitsch (GER) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5–2 |
| 2 | Jennifer Warling (LUX) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4–0 |
| 3 | Dorota Banaszczyk (POL) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4–1 |
| 4 | Irina Sharykhina (BLR) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3–13 |
| | Score | |
| Jennifer Warling (LUX) | 0–0 | Jana Bitsch (GER) |
| Irina Sharykhina (BLR) | 1–4 | Dorota Banaszczyk (POL) |
| Irina Sharykhina (BLR) | 2–5 | Jana Bitsch (GER) |
| Jennifer Warling (LUX) | 0–0 | Dorota Banaszczyk (POL) |
| Dorota Banaszczyk (POL) | 0–0 | Jana Bitsch (GER) |
| Jennifer Warling (LUX) | 4–0 | Irina Sharykhina (BLR) |

#### Group B

| Rank | Athlete | B | W | D | L | Pts | Score |
| 1 | Ivet Goranova (BUL) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 8–4 |
| 2 | Anzhelika Terliuga (UKR) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4–1 |
| 3 | Tuba Yakan (TUR) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7–8 |
| 4 | Amy Connell (GBR) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3–9 |
| | Score | |
| Anzhelika Terliuga (UKR) | 1–0 | Tuba Yakan (TUR) |
| Ivet Goranova (BUL) | 2–1 | Amy Connell (GBR) |
| Ivet Goranova (BUL) | 6–3 | Tuba Yakan (TUR) |
| Anzhelika Terliuga (UKR) | 3–1 | Amy Connell (GBR) |
| Amy Connell (GBR) | 1–4 | Tuba Yakan (TUR) |
| Anzhelika Terliuga (UKR) | 0–8 | Ivet Goranova (BUL) |

### Finals

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Jana Bitsch (GER) | 2 |
| Anzhelika Terliuga (UKR) | 8 | | |
| Anzhelika Terliuga (UKR) | 8 | Anzhelika Terliuga (UKR) | 3 |
| | | Ivet Goranova (BUL) | 4 |
| Ivet Goranova (BUL) | 0 | Ivet Goranova (BUL) | 4 |
| Jennifer Warling (LUX) | 0 | | |
# Let It Burn (Nebula album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Classic Rock | 7/10 |
| Myglobalmind | 9/10 |
| New Noise Magazine | |
Let It Burn is the debut EP by the American stoner rock band Nebula. It features a more psychedelic experimental sound as opposed to the straightforward approach of Eddie Glass' former band Fu Manchu. It was out of print until re-released in 2018 by Heavy Psych Sounds Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Eddie Glass and Ruben Romano. All music by Glass

## Personnel

* Eddie Glass – guitar, vocals, percussion
* Ruben Romano – drums, percussion, sitar
* Mark Abshire – bass
# Issikiomartyria plicata

Issikiomartyria plicata is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It was described by Hashimoto in 2006 and is endemic to Japan.
The length of the forewings is 4.9–5 millimetres (0.19–0.20 in) for males.
# Allan Williford

Edward Allan Williford (December 22, 1892 – June 17, 1981) was an American basketball player and coach. He was the head coach for the Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team for the 1915–1916 season, compiling a record of 6–7.
# 1969–70 OB I bajnoksag season

The 1969–70 OB I bajnokság season was the 33rd season of the OB I bajnokság, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Six teams participated in the league, and Ujpesti Dozsa SC won the championship.

## Regular season

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | Újpesti Dózsa SC | 30 | 26 | 0 | 4 | 197:75 | 52 |
| 2. | Ferencvárosi TC | 30 | 24 | 1 | 5 | 220:82 | 49 |
| 3. | Budapesti Vasutas SC | 30 | 17 | 3 | 10 | 181:80 | 37 |
| 4. | Elõre Budapest | 30 | 11 | 2 | 17 | 109:156 | 24 |
| 5. | Építõk Budapest | 30 | 8 | 0 | 22 | 67:163 | 16 |
| 6. | Vörös Meteor Budapest | 30 | 1 | 0 | 29 | 51:269 | 2 |
# Kenrickodes titanica

Kenrickodes titanica is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae first described by George Hampson in 1910. It is found in central Madagascar and in South Africa.
# 1956 in Iran

Events from the year 1956 in Iran.

## Incumbents

* Shah: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
* Prime Minister: Hossein Ala'

## Births

* 28 October – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
# Rock for the King

Rock for the King is a 1986 heavy metal album released by the Christian metal band Barren Cross.

## Track listing

* "Dying Day" - 3:27
* "He Loves You" - 4:37
* "It's All Come True" - 4:05
* "Believe" - 2:16
* "Going Nowhere" - 3:49
* "Rock For The King" - 5:02
* "Give Your Life" - 2:49
* "Just A Touch" - 3:29
* "Light The Flame" - 5:34

## Personnel

* Mike Lee – lead vocals and acoustic guitar
* Ray Parris – rhythm and lead guitar, acoustic guitars, background vocals
* Steve Whitaker – drums, background vocals
* Jim LaVerde – bass guitar, taurus synthesizer pedals, background vocals
# James Boisclair

James Boisclair was an African American merchant and gold miner who achieved notable fame and success during the Georgia Gold Rush. Boisclair was known as "Free Jim" and was highly regarded at the time for his entrepreneurial work and part-time efforts as a preacher.

## Early life

James was born on the plantation of Daniel Grant in Wilkes County, Georgia around 1795. James was born into slavery, but Grant specified in his will that his slaves should be freed after reaching a certain age (31 for men, 28 for women). In 1814, James was sold to Michael Boisclair of Augusta, Georgia, where he remained until he was freed in 1826.

## Dahlonega and the gold rush

Boisclair arrived in Dahlonega, Georgia in 1833 during the Georgia Gold Rush, and opened a small shop, and started searching for gold. While panning for gold, Boisclair found an impressive vein of ore. As a black man in the Antebellum South, he was not able to legally buy the plot of land for a gold mine. Instead, he was able to get Joseph Singleton, the head of the Dahlonega Mint, to take legal ownership of the lot while Boisclair maintained de facto control. Boisclair began Gold panning at his mine, and used the gold dust he collected to build the largest general store in Dahlonega, Georgia. The mine came to be known as the Free Jim Mine. Other Boisclair achievements of the time included his building of an ice house and popular saloon, despite the fact that all of his establishments faced problems because the laws of the time prevented black men from buying real estate or holding a liquor license.

## Move to California and death

James Boisclair traveled to California in a search for fortune in the new gold rush, and in 1850 Boisclair took his entrepreneurial efforts to a new level by hiring fifty men to come help him mine for gold.
According to most accounts, Boisclair died at age 46 after being shot during an argument over a disputed gold claim. The Probate Court in Sacramento country records the death of a James Boisclair on November 20, 1861, who died from natural causes, according to a filing in the Probate Court in Sacramento that quotes C. B. Hawkins, Boisclair's care-giver.
In 1860, free blacks made up less than 1% of Georgia's black population, and the majority of them were poor. James Boisclair was a rare example of a black man in the Antebellum-era Georgia who was able to prosper economically in spite of harsh legal repression he had to work around.
# John Johnson House (Leighton, Alabama)

The John Johnson House also known as The Green Onion is a historic residence near Leighton, Alabama, USA. The house was built in the late 1820s by John Johnson, a settler from Mecklenburg County, Virginia, who lived in Middle Tennessee before coming to North Alabama. His son-in-law, Lewis Dillahunty, was one of the earliest settlers in the western Tennessee Valley, and convinced Johnson to move to the area. Johnson died in the early 1840s, and his son sold the house and 80 acres (32 ha) out of the family. The house has been long occupied by tenant farmers, and is now part of the Leonard Preuitt estate.
The house is a 1+1⁄2-story Tidewater cottage. A single chimney sits in each gable end. The foundation rises 4 feet (1.2 m) above the ground and is laid in common bond and Flemish bond. The façade is three bays wide, with each door and window topped with a jack arch. Inside, a central hall separates two large rooms on each floor. A staircase in the hall connects the two floors.
The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1985 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.