OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Access Info Europe

Access Info Europe is a Madrid-based group that campaigns for access to information in Europe.
It was formed in June 2006 by experts in access to information, with the aim of promoting the right of access to information in Europe. Access Info is a not-for-profit, non-governmental organization.
The core of Access-Info Europe raison d'être is the belief that access to information is a basic human right, and the idea that this is critical for participatory government decision-making and accountability.

## Issues

Primary issues include transparency in the European Union; civil liberties; leak handling; right to information; open government; and commercial transparency.
EU transparency involves reform of access to EU documents, transparency in the EU legislative process, citizen participation in decision-making, and commercial transparency.
Civil liberties includes the implications of anti-terror laws.
Leaks involves training for investigative journalists and legal support over controversies.
Commercial transparency opens access to commercial information and transparency of media ownership

## Access Info Europe v. Council of the European Union

On December 3, 2008, Access Info Europe applied to the Council to request access to documents on a policy proposal concerning a regulation of the European Parliament and other documents in the European Union. Access Info applied under Regulation No 1049/2001. The Council responded by making public only part of the requested document and withheld portions that disclosed the positions expressed by Member States. The Council invoked Article 4(3) of the Regulation that governs disclosure exceptions. It explained that such disclosures would have undermined the Council's decision-making process.
On February 26, 2009, the Council sent Access Info an unregistered letter stating additional reasons for its response. Access Info said that it did not receive the letter until April 3, via email. Access Info then applied to the European Court of Justice on June 3, within the 2 month time limit allowed by the Regulation. The appeal came within 2 months of the email notification, but more than 2 months after the February date.
The Court decided that the time limit had not expired. The Court further decided that the exceptions provided in Article 4 of the Regulation must be applied in a restrictive way.
The Court stated that the public has the right to know how decisions are taken in this field and that this should be subject to public oversight.
According to Global Freedom of Expression, the Court decision established a binding/persuasive precedent within its jurisdiction. The Court reasoned that any exceptions to the public's right of access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents must be strictly applied, to protect the public right of access. It further ruled that the purpose of Regulation No 1049/2001 is to give the public the widest possible right of access to information.
# Pseudohydrosme gabunensis

Pseudohydrosme gabunensis, commonly known as the Gabon false hydrosme, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae. It was described by Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler in 1892.

## Description

Pseudohydrosme gabunensis on average reaches about 15 cm (5.90 inches) tall, and 9–12 cm (3.54-4.72 inches) in diameter. Leaves are 1-1.3 m (3.28-4.26 inches) long, and 1-1.4 m (3.28-4.59 feet) in diameter. Spathe is 30–55 cm (11.81-21.65 inches) long. Flowers are white on the outside, to a purple-black color in the inside. Seeds are 9 mm (0.35 inches) long, and 7 mm (0.27 inches) wide.

## Distribution and habitat

Pseudohydrosme gabunensis is endemic to the surrounding areas, and within Libreville, Gabon, where it grows in lowland tropical rainforests. Specimens are only known from five recorded sites, four being within Libreville, and the other being in the Komo Department, Gabon.

## Classification and conservation

Pseudohydrosme gabunensis is spelt in its Latin name as "gabunensis" or "Gabun", which is the German spelling of Gabon.
Pseudohydrosme gabunensis is currently listed as "Endangered" by the IUCN Red List, for deforestation and poaching are affecting the species limited natural range greatly. The species has gone extinct in some of its native range, for human urbanization and development are also becoming a severe threat in Libreville and some other surrounding suburban areas.

## Uses

Pseudohydrosme gabunensis is being over-exploited as an ornamental plant, from which collectors are trying to make a profit on the illegal plant trade, or keeping the specimens for themselves, being very similar to Pseudohydrosme ebo.
# Pseudohylesinus sericeus

Pseudohylesinus sericeus, the silver fir beetle, is a species of crenulate bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Alb (Upper Rhine)

The Alb is a river in the Northern Black Forest in Germany. It is a tributary of the Rhine, and flows through the cities of Karlsruhe, Ettlingen and Bad Herrenalb.

## Geography

The river Alb begins about 7 kilometres (4 mi) from Bad Herrenalb. From its source it flows north through Bad Herrenalb, Frauenalb and Marxzell. There it takes the waters of the Maisenbach creek as a right tributary. The river Moosalb is a left tributary at Fischweier on the border between the municipalities of Marxzell and Karlsbad. Near Busenbach the Alb turns to the northwest.
Out of Ettlingen, the Alb leaves the Black Forest and reaches the Upper Rhine Plain. After flowing through Ettlingen it turns north again.
The river passes the Karlsruhe city district of Rüppurr, flows under the Federal Road no. 10 and then follows this highway to the northwest. Afterwards the Alb flows through the so-called Günther Klotz Facilities in the southern part of Karlsruhe – partially being the district border between Bulach and Beiertheim – and thereby forms the core of a popular local recreation area. The Karlsruhe district of Daxlanden is then passed through in a great loop and the river reaches the Appenmühle barrage where the Karlsruhe city works operate a hydroelectric power station since the year 2000. After that the Alb flows around the ports at the river Rhine in Mühlburg. In Knielingen, the river turns north-northeast, approximately parallel to the Rhine, and flows through the MiRO oil refinery in a canal.
Eventually the Alb reaches the floodplains of the Rhine at Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen and discharges into the Rhine. Shortly before emptying into the Rhine, it is joined to the right side by the relief canal of the river Pfinz.

## Literature

* Landesanstalt für Umweltschutz Baden-Württemberg (LfU), ed. (2005). Das Albtal. Natur und Kultur vom Schwarzwald bis zum Rhein (in German). Ubstadt-Weiher: Verlag Regionalkultur. ISBN 978-3-89735-279-7.
* Scheifele, Max (1993). Die Flößerei auf der Ettlinger Alb. Aus der Geschichte des Albtales (in German). Gernsbach: Katz. ISBN 3-925825-60-6.
* Bran, F. A. (1951). Ettlingen und der Albgau im Wandel der Geschichte. Rundgang durch die Stadt, den Bezirk und das Albgau-Museum (in German). Karlsruhe: Verlag G. Braun.
* Kirchenbauer, S.; Warda, R. (2001). Die Alb: Ein Fluß im Wechselspiel zwischen Mensch und Natur (in German). Karlsruhe: Badenia Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89735-357-2.
# Abtsdorfer See

Abtsdorfer See is a lake in the region of Rupertiwinkel in Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 426.20 m, its surface area is 0.84 km².

## Sources

* Nixdorf, B.; et al. (2004), "Abtsdorfer See", Dokumentation von Zustand und Entwicklung der wichtigsten Seen Deutschlands (in German), Berlin: Umweltbundesamt, p. 6
* This Berchtesgadener Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Kelmarsh railway station

Kelmarsh railway station on the Northampton and Market Harborough railway opened on 16 February 1859 serving the villages of Kelmarsh and Arthingworth, Northamptonshire, England. It ran almost equidistant between the two villages which are just under 2 miles (3.2 km) apart north-east of Kelmarsh and south-west of Arthingworth. It was part of the London and North Western Railway. The next station north, Clipston and Oxendon serving the villages of Great Oxendon and Clipston was situated south of Oxendon tunnel. To the south, Lamport was accessed via Kelmarsh tunnel.
The station lost its passenger service on 4 January 1960. The line was re-opened for limited periods after that and not closed completely until 15 August 1981. The Heritage Northampton & Lamport Railway hopes that it may eventually re-open the route.
# Infrastructure Partnerships Australia

Infrastructure Partnerships Australia (IPA) is an industry body representing Australia’s infrastructure industry. Infrastructure Partnerships Australia was launched in 2005 by then NSW Premier Morris Iemma, and in Victoria by then Treasurer John Brumby, drawing together senior public and private sector Chief Executives in infrastructure businesses. The Australian Council for Infrastructure Development (AusCID) amalgamated with Infrastructure Partnerships Australia in September 2006.
Infrastructure Partnerships Australia aspires to inform the public policy debate around solutions to Australia's infrastructure challenges, initially focussed largely on the development of privately financed procurement models, including public private partnerships (PPPs).
The organisation provides policy research and commentary around a number of key issues in Australia, including:
* Road User Charging
* Electricity networks
Infrastructure Partnerships Australia also publishes the Australian Infrastructure Metric in conjunction with BIS Shrapnel, a quarterly survey of construction work won.
Infrastructure Partnerships Australia's policy and research programme is informed by its organisation’s National Advisory Board, policy taskforces and research units looking at taxation and regulations bearing on infrastructure markets.
The group’s Chairman is Sir Rod Eddington AO and Chief Executive is Adrian Dwyer. IPA's Patrons include founding Chairman Mark Birrell, former NSW Liberal Premier Nick Greiner, Macquarie Group's Nicholas Moore, former Sydney Water Managing Director, Chief Executive Officer Kerry Schott, Transfield's Tony Shepherd and Adrian Kloeden.
# 81st Infantry Regiment (Imperial Japanese Army)

The 81st Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Imperial Japanese Army. The regiment was attached to the 17th Infantry Brigade of the 17th Division and participated during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The regiment fought in the later stages of World War II, assigned to the Japanese 8th Area Army at Bougainville Island in the Solomon Islands.

## Organization

* 1st Battalion
* 2nd Battalion
* 3rd Battalion
# Amapá Grande River

Amapá Grande River is a river of Amapá state in eastern Brazil.
# Neferteri Shepherd

Neferteri Sheba Shepherd (born September 8, 1980, now Neferteri Plessy) is an African-American model and actress. She is Playboy's Playmate of the Month for July 2000 and has appeared in Playboy videos.
Shepherd is also a mother of two, a blogger and a TV host; her spare time is spent managing Single Mom Planet. "Single Mom Planet is meant to empower single moms such as myself to live a dynamic life that they love," she has explained. "We host events so moms can meet and share advice. We also have a website where moms can get recipes, exercise tips and advice on dating, relationships and raising their kids."

## Biography

Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, Neferteri Shepherd relocated to Los Angeles in pursuit of her dreams of becoming an actress and model. Her great ambition led to her being booked as a leading model on the American Music Awards, on the runways of Baby Phat and Stuff Magazine, and featured in a National Ad Campaign with the athletic apparel company Privacy Wear. She has also been featured in the pages of Maxim magazine.
Neferteri's screen appearances include co-hosting VH1's Sex & Rock Roll, she is the leading lady in platinum selling recording artist music videos (50 Cents to Usher) and her commercial appearances include an Arby's spot that is presently airing nationally, sitcoms include UPN's The Parkers and FOX's Method and Red, and the movie "Hair Show," starring Monique. She's also the featured actress for the new 2005 Starz network imaging campaign.
Also participated in the game Street Racing Syndicate (2004), where shot for the winning video with dancing girls.
She has now turned her sights squarely on producing television shows. A talent that is being mentored by Hollywood producer Rushion McDonald of Nu-Opp Inc. Neferteri has two shows in development and a pilot being shot at the WB. The name of the pilot show is "Mobile Home Disaster," a reality makeover show for trailer park homes.

## Filmography

* 1999 - The Parkers (Receptionist)
* 2003 - A Miami Tail (Nike)
* 2004 - Hair Show (Ria)
* 2004 - Method & Red (-)
* 2005 - Mobile Home Disaster (-)
* 2008 - The Candy Shop (Diamond Ring Client)
* 2009 - One Story (Jessica)
* 2015 - The Man in 3B (Cain's Girl #2)
# Acompsia bidzilyai

Acompsia bidzilyai is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Transbaikalia in Russia.
The wingspan is 19–20 millimetres (0.75–0.79 in) for males.
# LPXN

Leupaxin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LPXN gene.
The product encoded by this gene is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells and is most homologous to the focal adhesion protein, paxillin. It may function in cell type-specific signaling by associating with PYK2, a member of focal adhesion kinase family. As a substrate for a tyrosine kinase in lymphoid cells, this protein may also function in, and be regulated by tyrosine kinase activity.
# Alan W. Archer

Alan W. Archer (born 1930) is a mycologist and taxonomist. He is currently (January 2021) an honorary research associate at Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. He uses chemotaxonomy as well as morphological features in taxonomy and to devise keys, most recently for the genus Pertusaria in the Australasia region.
During his career he has characterised and revised over 100 fungal taxa. He is an authority on the family Graphidaceae from the Australia - Pacific region and characterised Carbacanthographis salazinica and Phaeographis salazinica. He was also the first to characterise several members of the genus Pertusaria, Pertusaria ambigua Pertusaria epacrospora, Pertusaria guineabissauensis, Pertusaria salazinica, Pertusaria sipmanii and . An advanced search of the Mycobank database shows that he has authored some 101 fungi taxa, including Pertusaria xylophyes. (See also Taxa named by Alan W. Archer.)
The standard author abbreviation A.W.Archer is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Some publications

* Archer, Alan W.; Elix, John A. (27 February 2014). "Two new species and a new combination in the lichen genus Pertusaria from Brazil". Telopea. 16: 5–8. ISSN 0312-9764. Wikidata Q104982071.
* Frank Bungartz; John Elix; Alba Yánez-Ayabaca; Alan Archer (22 September 2015). "Endemism in the genus Pertusaria (Pertusariales, lichenized Ascomycota) from the Galapagos Islands". Telopea. 18: 325–369. doi:10.7751/TELOPEA8895. ISSN 0312-9764. Wikidata Q99888875.
* Archer, Alan W. (1991). "Synonymy and chemotaxonomy of Australian Pertusaria species (Lichenes) based on Australian type specimens". Telopea. 4 (2): 165–184. doi:10.7751/TELOPEA19914925. ISSN 0312-9764. Wikidata Q104984462.
* Alan W. Archer; John A. Elix; Eberhard Fischer; Dorothee Killmann; Emmanuël Sérusiaux (1 May 2009). "The lichen genus Pertusaria (Ascomycota) in Central Africa (Congo/Kivu, Rwanda and Burundi) and Western Kenya". Nova Hedwigia. 88 (3): 309–333. doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0088-0309. ISSN 0029-5035. Wikidata Q99863687.
# Abdurahman Kujević

Hafiz Abdurahman Kujević is one of the most influential religious leaders in Sandžak. He lives in Rožaje, Montenegro where he works as the assistant of the Sandžak mufti for South Sandžak.

## Biography

Kujević was born on 21 June 1982 to Bosniak parents Mustafa and Fatima. He is from Balotiće in Rožaje. He finished primary school in his hometown in 1997 and in the same year he enrolled in the Gazi Isa-beg madrasa in Novi Pazar. He finished madrasa in 2001. At the end of his studying he was informed that he was admitted on the Islamic University of Madinah. In Madinah, he appointed to the Institution for learning Arabic. He continued with the Faculty of Hadith and Islamic Science, graduating in 2006.
He recited the Qur'an in front of a qari (reciter of the Qur'an) in Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, shaykh Abdurrahman Yusuf ibn Jevde ibn Yasin Eddavudijj. After he recited the khatma in front of this shaykh and passed several exams from various Qur'anic disciplines he got the ijjazetnama for reciting and teaching the Qur'an. Hafiz Abdurahman Kujević is the first hafiz with the ijjazetnama on the territory of Montenegro. Hafiz Kujević in addition to the Qur'an knows also the shortened version of the hadith collections Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. After finishing studies he activates through the Islamic Community in Rožaje. Weekly, he organizes lessons from various disciplines, khutbas in all mosques in Rožaje, classes for learning the Qur'an and Arabic and courses for learning the Arabic language. He works as a professor at the International University in Novi Pazar and as a professor at the women's madrasa in Rožaje. He lives in Rožaje.
# KCNK2

Potassium channel subfamily K member 2, also known as TREK-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK2 gene.
This gene encodes K$_{2P}$2.1, a lipid-gated ion channel belonging to the two-pore-domain background potassium channel protein family. This type of potassium channel is formed by two homodimers that create a channel that releases potassium out of the cell to control resting membrane potential. The channel is opened by anionic lipid, certain anesthetics, membrane stretching, intracellular acidosis, and heat. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

## Function in neurons

TREK-1 is part of the subfamily of mechano-gated potassium channels that are present in mammalian neurons. They can be gated in both chemical and physical ways and can be opened via both physical stimuli and chemical stimuli. TREK-1 channels are found in a variety of tissues, but are particularly abundant in the brain and heart and are seen in various types of neurons. The C-terminal of TREK-1 channels plays a role in the mechanosensitivity of the channels.
In the neurons of the central nervous system, TREK-1 channels are important in physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological processes, including having a role in electrogenesis, ischemia, and anesthesia. TREK-1 has an important role in neuroprotection against epilepsy and brain and spinal cord ischemia and is being evaluated as a potential target for new developments of therapeutic agents for neurology and anesthesiology.
In the absence of a properly functioning cytoskeleton, TREK-1 channels can still open via mechanical gating. The cell membrane functions independently of the cytoskeleton and the thickness and curvature of the membrane is able to modulate the activity of the TREK-1 channels. The change in thickness is thought to be sensed by an amphipathic helix that extends from the inner leaflet of the membrane.
The insertion of certain compounds into the membrane, including inhaled anesthetics and propofol, activate TREK-1 through the enzyme phospholipase D2 (PLD2). Prior to the addition of anesthetic, PLD2 associates with GM-1 lipid rafts. After anesthetic, the enzyme or a complex of the enzyme and the channel traffic to PIP2 domains where the enzyme makes phosphatidic acid that opens the channel.
# Kaibab

Kaibab (from a Native American word meaning "mountain lying down") may refer to the following (all in the Southwestern United States):
* Kaibab, Arizona, a small community
* Kaibab Indian Reservation, Arizona
* Kaibab National Forest, Arizona
* Kaibab Limestone, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and California
* Kaibab Plateau, Arizona and Utah
* Kaibab squirrel, found on the Kaibab Plateau
* North Kaibab Trail, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
* South Kaibab Trail, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
* Kaibab Plateau-North Rim Parkway (Arizona State Route 67)
# Jim Downs

Jim Downs is an American historian. He is the Gilder Lehrman-National Endowment for the Humanities Professor of Civil War Studies and History at Gettysburg College.

## Books

* Maladies of Empire: How Colonialism, Slavery, and War Transformed Medicine (2021)
* Stand by Me: The Forgotten History of Gay Liberation (2016)
* Sick from Freedom: African-American Illness and Suffering during the Civil War and Reconstruction (2012)
# Jim Downing (Gaelic footballer)

James Downing (1946 - 28 April 2012) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played as a midfielder for the Cork senior team.
Born in Urhan, County Cork, Downing first played competitive football in his youth. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Cork minor team, before later joining the under-21 and junior sides. He made his senior debut during the 1967 championship. Downing was a regular member of the panel for several years and won one Munster medal as a non-playing substitute. He was All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.
At club level Downing was a one-time Munster and championship medallist with divisional side Beara. He also won numerous championship medals with Urhan.
Throughout his career Downing made just two championship appearances for Cork. He left the panel after the 1970 championship.

## Honours
### Team
#### Urhan

* Cork Intermediate Football Championship (1): 1967
* Cork Intermediate Football League (1): 1966
* Beara Junior Football Championship (1): 1973
* Kelleher Shield (1): 1961

#### Beara

* Munster Senior Club Football Championship (1): 1967
* Cork Senior Football Championship (1): 1967

#### Cork

* Munster Senior Football Championship (1): 1967 (sub)
* Munster Junior Football Championship (1): 1966
* Munster Under-21 Football Championship (1): 1965
* Munster Minor Football Championship (1): 1964
# Jimmie O'Sullivan

James Michael O'Sullivan (5 February 1883 – 21 December 1960) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A loose forward, O'Sullivan represented Taranaki at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1905 to 1907. He played 29 matches for the All Blacks five of which were internationals, including the famous "Match of the Century" against Wales. He later served as president of the Taranaki Rugby Union.
O'Sullivan died in Hāwera on 21 December 1960, and was buried at Hāwera Cemetery.
# Kelmarsh Tunnel

The Kelmarsh Tunnels are disused railway tunnels in Northamptonshire, England. The Northampton to Market Harborough line opened in 1859 and had tunnels at Kelmarsh and nearby Oxendon.
The original tunnel was single-track, and when the line was doubled a second single-track tunnel was built. Due to the small bore, the tunnels were known as "the rat-holes" by train drivers.
The former "up" line tunnel at Kelmarsh is open as part of the Brampton Valley Way, a linear park which runs from Boughton level crossing on the outskirts of Northampton to Little Bowden near Market Harborough, on the former railway trackbed.
A species of moth Triphosa dubitata has been observed to overwinter inside Kelmarsh Tunnel.
The tunnel is easily navigated on foot or by cyclists, and the open bore has been effectively restored but is unlit. The sign on site placed by the council indicates the tunnel length as 480 metres (1,570 ft).
The other bore is sometimes accessible from one end but unsafe. the ventilation shafts approximately half of the way through lets in light water and air; also these do not have covers on so are considered unsafe.