OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fred Mayer (photographer)

Fred Mayer (28 January 1933 – 25 November 2021) was a Swiss/German photographer. His works included photographs for several news agencies such as ATP, DPA, ADP, UPI and Magnum Photos, as well as various portfolios. He further published several books, many in cooperation with his wife, Ilse Günther.

## Private life

In 1956, Mayer married the Keystone-photographer Ilse Günther. She died on 5 October 2021.

## Career

Fred Mayer began his career in photography with an internship at Otto Pfeifer's studio. Pfeifer is one of Switzerland's most influential photographers. After his internship, Mayer started to work as an independent correspondent for Swiss magazines such as the Neue Zürcher Zeitung. In 1965, his collaboration with Magnum Photos started. For Magnum Photos, Mayer travelled to Indonesia, where he shot a documentation about the former President Sukarno. His other works included pictures of King Hussein of Jordania and portfolios from all around the world, from Vatican to Bali.

## Important works and achievements

Mayer and his wife published more than 30 books on a variety of topics. Kleinstaat und Weltkirche: Vatikan was published in 1979. Mayer later commented on the book by saying that he naively went to the Vatican and asked if he could take pictures. Being allowed to do so, he started to take pictures and later got published by the Swiss Orell Füssli Verlag. He further published books about various countries, the Russian orthodox church, Chakkar Polo, Japanese theatre and the Chinese Opera. In 2011, Mayer published Homage to Hermann Hesse and his Siddhartha, based on the novel Siddhartha by the German author Hermann Hesse. For this photographic essay, Mayer was nominated for the Best of ASMP Award 2011. He further received a Lifetime Award from SBF, the Swiss Professional Photographers and Photo Designers Society.
# Johannes Gessner

Johannes Gessner (18 March 1709 – 6 May 1790) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, botanist, mineralogist and physician. He is seen as the founder of the "Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Zürich".
Gessner was born and died in Zürich, where he trained under the physician Johannes von Muralt. He moved to Basel to study medicine, continuing his studies in 1726 and 1727 at the University of Leiden. There he became friendly with Albrecht von Haller, with whom he made a grand tour to Paris to finish their medical studies. There he wrote his diary, later published as Pariser Tagebuch. The two friends in 1728 studied mathematics under Johann Bernoulli and travelled through Switzerland.
Gessner became a doctor in Basel in 1730, but soon changed to a scientific career. In 1733 he became a mathematics professor and in 1738 began to teach physics in Zürich. Gessner influenced many Swiss students, such as Johann Heinrich Rahn and Johann Georg Sulzer.
Gessner produced publications on Swiss flora, and, as a follower of Carl Linnaeus, conceived the idea of creating illustrations which portrayed the Linnaean plant families. With the help of the painter and engraver Christian Gottlieb Geissler, he produced the 24-part Tabulae Phytographicae, which first appeared in 1795.

## Works

Scientific:
* Phytographia sacra, 1759–69
* Tabulae phytographicae, 1795–1804
Literary:
* Pariser Tagebuch, 1727.
# John Butler (died 1613)

John Butler (died c. 1613), of Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire and Thoby, Essex, was an English politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Maldon in 1586 and 1589.
# John Beck (producer)

Jonathan Beck was an American film producer in the 1950s and 1960s. He played an important role in the making of King Kong vs. Godzilla and was also involved in the merger of Universal Pictures and International Pictures.
After the success of the original King Kong film, special effects artist Willis H. O’Brien wanted to make a film where King Kong fights a monster created by Dr. Frankenstein. In the early 1960s, O’Brien handed his idea to Beck for him to produce it. However, without O’Brien's permission, he went to a Japanese studio called Toho to make it. They changed it to King Kong vs. Godzilla, and it went on to be a big hit. O’Brien died a few months before King Kong vs. Godzilla was released in the U.S., but he was not pleased with what Beck did. He tried to sue Beck, but he didn't have enough money for the legal fees. One of the directors of the original King Kong Merian C. Cooper also tried to sue him, but it didn't get resolved until after he died. To make up for O’Brien's Frankenstein idea, Toho made Frankenstein Conquers the World in 1965, and later, The War of the Gargantuas in 1966.

## Career

Beck spent his career as a Film producer. Producing such films as One Touch of Venus, Harvey, Fury at Showdown, and the American version of King Kong vs. Godzilla.

## Late life

The last film Beck produced was The Private Navy of Sgt. O'Farrell. Afterwards, he worked on lesser known projects, and he later died on July 18, 1993, at the age of 83.
# John Christian Curwen

John Christian Curwen, born John Christian (12 July 1756 – 11 December 1828) was an English Member of Parliament and High Sheriff.

## Early life

He was born on 12 July 1756. He was the eldest surviving son of John Christian of Ewanrigg, Cumberland (now Cumbria) and Jane (née Curwen) Christian, the daughter of Eldred Curwen of Workington Hall, Cumberland.
He was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1773 before going on the Grand Tour between 1779 and 1782.

## Career

He succeeded his father in 1767 and served as High Sheriff of Cumberland from 1784 to 1785, although he twice refused a peerage.
He was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Carlisle for 1786 to 1790 and again for 1791 to 1812 and for 1816 to 1820. He was then elected to represent the county seat of Cumberland. He was a member of the Whig party and an active campaigner in Parliament, and known as something of a radical, having approved of the French Revolution.

## Personal life

He married twice. His first marriage was on 10 September 1775 to Margaret Taubman (d. 1778), the daughter of John Taubman, Speaker of the House of Keys, of Castletown, Isle of Man, with whom he had a son:
* John Christian (1776–1852), who inherited Ewanrigg Hall and married Susanna Allen, daughter of Lewis Robert Allen of Dalston.
His second marriage was on 5 October 1782 to his cousin Isabella Curwen, the daughter and heiress of Henry Curwen of Workington. On 6 March 1790, he took the name of Curwen after inheriting Workington Hall. Workington Hall, now ruined after a wartime fire, is a Grade I listed building. Together, John and Isabella were the parents of five sons and three daughters, including:
* Henry Curwen (1783–1861), who inherited Workington Hall and married Jane Stanley.
He died on 11 December 1828 in financial difficulties because of increased costs and reduced profits from his coal mines and was buried in an unmarked grave in Workington. At his death, he owed £118,334 and only £16,579 was owed to him.
# Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site

Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located in Brookline, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903) is recognized as the founder of American landscape architecture and the nation's foremost parkmaker of the 19th century. In 1883, Olmsted moved his home to suburban Boston and established "Fairsted", the world's first full-scale professional office for the practice of landscape design. Over the course of the next century, his sons and successors expanded and perpetuated Olmsted's design ideals, philosophy, and influence.
The site is located at 99 Warren Street, in the Green Hill section of Brookline. Olmsted bought the Clark homestead, an 1810 Federal farmhouse, in 1883, to be near his frequent collaborator, H. H. Richardson, whose home and office were nearby. Olmsted and his son John Charles renovated the house, landscaped the property, and relocated the barn closer to the house, and in 1903 added the office wing to the northwest of the main house. Members of the Olmsted family occupied the main house until 1936, when Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. moved to Elkton, Maryland, renting the house to tenants. The offices of the Olmsted Brothers firm continued to be in the wing during this time, although business also declined. Members of the firm reoccupied the house in the 1960s, making substantial alterations to the original landscaping of the property. The property was acquired by the National Park Service in 1980. The grounds have been restored to a c. 1930 appearance, restoring much of Olmsted's landscaping.
Park resources include the restored "Fairsted" historic landscape, and the design office (which remains virtually unchanged from the days when the Olmsted firm's activity was at its height.) Housed within the office complex are nearly 1,000,000 original design records detailing work on many of America's most treasured landscapes, including the grounds of the U. S. Capitol and White House; Great Smoky Mountains and Acadia National Parks; Yosemite Valley; New York's Central Park; and whole park systems in cities such as Buffalo, Seattle, Boston, Louisville and Montreal. The Olmsteds also played an influential role in the creation of the National Park Service, which now owns and maintains the Olmsted site.
Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site is open to the public. The Park Service offers guided tours of the grounds and office wing.
# John Chase (artist)

John Chase (1810–1879) was a British landscape water colour painter.

## Early life

Chase was born in John Street, Fitzroy Square, on 26 February 1810. When a child, he received some instruction from John Constable, R.A., and afterwards studied architecture. His earliest attempts in art were elaborate interiors, such as those of Henry VII's Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

## Career

In 1826, he exhibited (for the first time), in Suffolk Street A View of the Naves of Westminster Abbey. Chase was elected a member of the New Society of Painters in Water-colours (now the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, Piccadilly) in 1835. His daughter Marian Emma Chase was born in 1844 and she was initially trained by her father. She went on to be a notable water colourist. Chase married twice and he had three daughters. Chase died at his residence, 113 Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, on 8 January 1879.
His later works combined chiefly landscape and architecture, such as terraced gardens, ruined abbeys, castles, manor houses, and churches. He frequently exhibited views of Haddon Hall, which had a special charm for him. His drawings were generally of rather small dimensions. The following works by him were hung in the Institute: in 1872, Capulet's Balcony, Verona, and Lichfield, Evening; Studio of Leonardo da Vinci at Fontainebleau, in 1873; Lichfield Cathedral from the Minster Pool, Porch of the Cathedral at Chartres, France, and Ludlow Castle in 1878.
Chase was the author of a work entitled A Practical Treatise on Landscape Painting and Sketching from Nature in Water-colours, edited by the Rev. James Harris, M.A., London, 1861.
# John Charters Boyle

John Charters Boyle (5 August 1869 - 10 May 1950) was a unionist politician and surveyor in Northern Ireland.
Boyle studied at Cheltenham College and the Royal Indian Engineering College, before working as a surveyor. During the First World War, he served in the 150th Field Company of the Royal Engineers, and was mentioned in despatches. He remained in the military, and was reportedly still in the military in 1922. In 1926, he was appointed as High Sheriff of Armagh. In 1937, he was elected to the Senate of Northern Ireland as an Ulster Unionist Party representative, despite having no previous political experience. He served until his death in 1950.
# John Bell (radio personality)

John Bell is a radio personality from Jersey City, New Jersey. He is widely known for his contributions as one of the original staff members on WHTZ and Elvis Duran and the Morning Show (formerly known as The Z Morning Zoo). John actually started his career in the late-1970s with the previous radio station occupying the current dial position that is now Z100. At that time he was employed by WVNJ-FM 100.3 FM as an airstaffer. The station played mostly instrumental easy listening. The license was sold in 1983 excluding the building and transmitter. He was the only air staffer that stayed on but other off the air people also remained. He was known by Z100 staff and listeners as the, "Voice of Reason." He was also the last original member of the Z100 staff (actually there prior to the 1983 sign on as mentioned) until his unexpected termination in March 2010.
On March 18, 2010, John Bell's contract with Z100 was terminated due to what he was told was a "budget cut". According to Examiner.com, John stated that he never planned on leaving the radio station in what was then the foreseeable future. He also stated that the station wanted people to think he had "voluntarily retired or left the station on his own to pursue other interests" in order to prevent an uproar from fans of him and the show." John also said that Elvis Duran wanted to be present at the termination meeting, but top executives wouldn't let that happen. His last official day on the show was March 18 but did return on March 22, 2010 where he had the opportunity to say goodbye to fans.
Bell has been a resident of Hillsborough Township, New Jersey.
# John Bell (rugby union)

John Bell (13 December 1879 – 16 March 1962) was a Scottish international rugby union player.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

Bell played for Clydesdale. He was made captain of the club in September 1900.
He moved to play for London Scottish in 1902.

### Provincial career

He played for Glasgow District against Edinburgh District in the 1900 Inter-City match and in the 1901 Inter-City match.
He played for Cities District against Provinces District on 12 January 1901.
On moving to play for London Scottish, he then played for Anglo-Scots on 27 December 1902.

### International career

He played 6 matches for Scotland from 1901 to 1902.
# John Dauglish

John Dauglish was an Anglican colonial bishop in the mid 20th century.
Born 19 October 1879 and educated at St Edward's School, Oxford and St John's College, Oxford he was ordained in 1902. After a short spell as a Curate he was to spend the next 19 years as a Royal Naval Chaplain. During the Great War, Dauglish served at Shotley Barracks where he was regarded as 'most zealous and conscientious 'and, from July, 1918, on HMS Queen Elizabeth on which he witnessed the surrender of the German High Seas Fleet and conducted the service of thanksgiving. He was a greatly admired padre,
'...his upright character and straightforward advice and criticism universally appreciated'
In 1924 he was appointed Rector of Lympstone.In 1931 he was appointed Bishop of Nassau, resigning a decade later. In 1942,he became Secretary for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel but had to resign after 2 years when 'he had bad heart failure following an operation' He died on 1 November 1952.
He was the only permanent RN Chaplain who served in the Great War to become a Diocesan bishop.
# Fredericksburg Historic District

Fredericksburg Historic District may refer to:
* Fredericksburg Historic District (Texas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Gillespie County, Texas
* Fredericksburg Historic District (Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Fredericksburg, Virginia
# Frederick Grubb (politician)

Frederick William Grubb (16 October 1844 – 28 April 1923) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Launceston, the eldest son of William Dawson Grubb. In 1879 he was elected to the Tasmanian Legislative Council as the member for Tamar, replacing the previous member—his father—who had died. In 1880 his seat was declared vacant due to absence. In 1881 he returned to the Council as the member for Meander, the seat he represented until his retirement in 1911. Grubb died in Launceston in 1923.
# Frederick S. Mates

Frederick S. Mates, aka Frederic Mates, founded in August 1967 the Mates Investment Fund, a high-flying mutual fund during the 'Go-Go' 60s that later crashed in the bear market of the early 1970s. Mates ran his fund from an office he dubbed the "kibbutz" and with a young staff he called his "flower children". Mates put most of his fund into a letter stock known as Omega Equities. Mates in determining his funds assets assigned a value to the barely traded Omega of $16 a share, while having purchased the stock at $3.25 a share. Mates got into trouble over this practice which was routine in the 1960s and not uncommon even today, of accounting for letter stocks at a price different from what was paid for it. As a result, when confidence was lost in Mates' mutual fund and investors wanted to cash out, redemptions had to be suspended for a while, which the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission condoned.
Mates was born in Brooklyn and graduated from Brooklyn College in 1954. According to a New York Times obituary, Mates died in Kansas City on December 25, 1982.
# Frederick Lindstrom

Frederick Lindstrom may refer to:
* Freddie Lindstrom (1905–1981), American baseball player
* Frederick B. Lindstrom (1915–1998), American academic; professor of sociology
* Fredrik Lindström (writer) (born 1963), Swedish film director, radio and TV presenter, writer, linguist and comedy performer
* Fredrik Lindström (biathlete) (born 1989), Swedish biathlete
* Fredrik Olaus Lindström (1847–1919), Swedish architect
# Frederick Lister

Sir Thomas Frederick Lister CBE (23 November 1886 – 13 March 1966) was the first chairman of the British Legion. Along with Field Marshal The 1st Earl Haig, Lister was a leading advocate for the foundation of the British Legion in the aftermath of the First World War.

## Early life

Lister was born in Manchester, the son of insurance surveyor Thomas Lister. He was educated at Tranmere higher grade school, and worked as insurance clerk in Liverpool. He was a tall man, some 6 feet 6 inches tall.
He married Isobel Lewis, daughter of a shipping clerk, on 31 July 1911. They had no children.

## First World War

When the First World War broke out in 1914, Lister joined the Royal Garrison Artillery, becoming a lance-bombardier. He was wounded and discharged in 1916.
At the time, there was little assistance for disabled veterans, and Lister joined the National Federation of Discharged and Demobilized Sailors and Soldiers (formed in 1917 to campaign against the Military Service (Review of Exceptions) Act 1917, which was intended to re-conscript men formerly discharged on medical grounds). Early veterans organisations were split on largely political lines.

## Post-war career

The National Federation had links with the Liberal Party, and its first president was a Liberal MP James Hogge. The National Association of Discharged Sailors and Soldiers was linked with the Labour Party and trades unions; and the Comrades of the Great War was supported by the Conservative Party. The non-partisan Officers Association split the veterans movements further.
Lister was the National Federation's candidate in the December 1918 general election, in the Ashton-under-Lyne constituency. Lister received over 7,300 votes (over 40% of the votes cast), but lost to the Coalition Unionist candidate, Albert Stanley. After the Federation's poor showing at the election, Lister replaced Hogge as its president.
Field Marshal Earl Haig pushed for the competing veterans organisations to unify, supported by Lister. The Federation invited the other organizations to a conference in August 1920, and a series of meetings in 1920 and 1921 resulted in the amalgamation of the various groups into the new British Legion in July 1921, with Lister elected as its first chairman and Haig as its first president.
Lister remained chairman of the British Legion until 1927. He continued as an active member of the British Legion's national executive council until his death in 1966. He was also chairman of the United Services Fund from 1942-48. He was appointed CBE in the 1927 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 1961 New Year Honours.
Lister combined his duties with the British Legion with a full-time job as the accident department manager of an insurance company. He died at his home in Birkenhead, aged 79.
# Fred (2014 film)

Fred is a 2014 American documentary film that chronicles the 2012 presidential campaign of the first openly gay candidate in a major political party in American history, Fred Karger. Fred premiered at the Monadnock International Film Festival on April 4, 2014.

## Background

Director John Fitzgerald Keitel followed the Fred Karger Presidential campaign for more than two years, as it crisscrossed the country. Keitel captured hundreds of hours of campaigning and tied this together by interviewing young gay activists about how Karger's campaign changed their lives.
Keitel had previously documented Karger's efforts to save the Boom Boom Room, a historic gay bar in Laguna Beach, California.

## Synopsis

In 2009, Karger launched his presidential campaign at the Southern Republican Leadership Conference. Over the next two and a half years, Fred shows his campaign at the Republican presidential primaries. Fred captures Karger qualifying for a Fox News Debate and for CPAC, but being excluded from these.

## Reception

Fred received mainly positive reviews in the U.S. News & World Report, the Huffington Post and the Concord Monitor. Fred played all around New Hampshire from Dartmouth's Rockefeller Center to Concord High School.
# John Bulkeley (MP)

John Bulkeley (11 November 1614 – September 1662) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1640 and 1662.
Bulkeley was the son of William Bulkeley of Burgate, Hampshire, and his wife Margaret Culliford, daughter of John Culliford of Encombe, Dorset. He matriculated at Hart Hall, Oxford, on 13 April 1632, aged 18. He was a student of the Middle Temple in 1633. He travelled abroad in France from 1634 to 1637.
In April 1640, Bulkeley was elected Member of Parliament for Yarmouth (Isle of Wight) in the Short Parliament. He was elected to the Long Parliament in November 1645 as MP for Newtown until he was excluded under Pride's Purge.
Bulkeley was elected MP for Hampshire in 1654 for the First Protectorate Parliament and was re-elected for Hampshire in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament. In 1659 he was elected MP for in the Third Protectorate Parliament and in 1660 was chosen again for Hampshire in the Convention Parliament. He was lastly elected MP for Lymington in the Cavalier Parliament and sat until his death in 1662.
Bulkeley died at the age of 47.
Bulkeley married firstly by licence dated 4 January 1638, Anne Doddington, daughter of Sir William Doddington of Breamore, Hampshire and had two daughters. He married secondly after settlement dated June 1646, Elizabeth Trenchard widow of Francis Trenchard of Cutteridge, Wiltshire and daughter of William Sotwell of Greenham, Berkshire. She died in March 1651 and he married thirdly after settlement dated 1652, Penelope Trenchard, daughter of Sir Thomas Trenchard of Wolverton, Dorset, and had three sons.