# L-groups

The L-groups (Danish: L-gruppe) was a resistance group tasked with assassination of Danish collaborators and German forces occupying Denmark during the Second World War. The precursor to the group was established in 1940, but it was most active from 1944 to the end of the war. The group carried out at least 18 assassination operations and killed between 20 and 30 people. In 1945 the group was hard hit by arrests and killings of its members and further suffered a very high death-rate in the years immediately after the war with suicides and accidents killing a number of members. The group had strong ties to the Danish police, with 5 of its members being police officers.

## History

The L-groups can be traced back to Hans Krarup Andreasen from Silkeborg, one of the earliest recorded Danish resistance members. Working on his own, Krarup conducted sporadic sabotage against German authorities in 1940; over the following years, his brothers Niels and Ulrik joined him. The group worked primarily on railway sabotage in and around Silkeborg. In the spring of 1944, Krarup contacted the resistance movement in Aarhus. The Aarhus groups counted among them two police officers: Einar Sørensen and Henrik Platou, who had shot the informant Karl Vilhelm Gustav Jeger in Aarhus in January 1944, and it was agreed to form a dedicated assassination group with them as the backbone.
The L-groups was officially formed over the summer of 1944, and in August the first assassinations occurred. On 4 October 1944, the Special Operations Executive agent Kjeld Toft-Christensen arrived from England and joined the group as a liaison officer and trainer. In the fall of 1944 the group was divided in two, with Einar Sørensen and Henrik Platou taking control of one each. Platou's group was based in Aalborg and was to cover central and southern Jutland, while Sørensen's was based in Aarhus with northern Jutland as its operational area. The two groups were to subsequently recruit reliable locals within their areas and expand. L-group North initially comprised Hans Krarup Andreasen, Svend Ulrich Pedersen and Vagn Nørlund Christensen with Platou as group leader. Sigurd Vestergaard Christensen, Jørgen Christian Jensen, Kjeld Toft-Christensen and Carl Johan Nielsen formed L-group Central, with Sørensen as leader.
The groups settled into their new roles, and through 1944, performed a total of 10 operations against 10 targets. However, in early 1945, L-group North was destroyed. On 27 January Svend Ulrich Pedersen was killed on his 22nd birthday by the Gestapo during a shoot-out which also cost the lives of two Gestapo members. One month later, on 14 February, Platou was wounded during an assassination attempt leading to his later arrest on 21 February and execution in March. On 21 February, the Gestapo also raided the residence of Vagn Nørlund Christensen and Krarup Andreasen; while Andreasen was discovered and committed suicide by shooting himself, Nørlund escaped through a bay window in the roof. Nørlund was subsequently sent to Vejle to start a new group, L-group South, with Svend Middelboe Jensen, to cover southern Jutland.
Of the ten original members of the L-group, four were killed during the war and another two committed suicide in the months following it; only one is known to have survived the decade after the war.

## Members

| Name | Occupation | Codename | Group | Born | Died | Cause |
| Hans Krarup Andreasen | Lumberjack | "Mogens" | North | (1913-09-13)13 September 1913 | 21 February 1945(1945-02-21) (aged 31) | Suicide during arrest |
| Henrik Platou | Police officer | "Knud" | North | (1918-01-31)31 January 1918 | 10 March 1945(1945-03-10) (aged 27) | Executed |
| Svend Ulrich Pedersen | Machinist | "Kjeld" | North | (1923-01-27)27 January 1923 | 27 January 1945(1945-01-27) (aged 22) | Killed |
| Vagn Nørlund Christensen | Police officer | "Anker" | North, South | c. 1913 | - | - |
| Jørgen Christian Jensen | Police officer | "H.C." | Central | (1901-07-18)18 July 1901 | 8 May 1945(1945-05-08) (aged 43) | Killed |
| Einar Sørensen | Police officer | "Leif" | Central | (1914-02-06)6 February 1914 | 1 September 1945(1945-09-01) (aged 31) | Suicide |
| Kjeld Toft-Christensen | Special Operations Executive | "Dahl" | Central | (1910-06-19)19 June 1910 | 27 September 1945(1945-09-27) (aged 35) | Suicide |
| Sigurd Vestergaard Christensen | Politician | "Ole" | Central | (1910-08-17)17 August 1910 | 30 July 1945(1945-07-30) (aged 34) | Car accident |
| Carl Johan Nielsen | Merchant | "Johan med røven" | Central | (1909-07-25)25 July 1909 | 24 December 1981(1981-12-24) (aged 72) | Natural causes |
| Svend Middelboe Jensen | Police officer | | South | (1908-05-15)15 May 1908 | 2 November 1953(1953-11-02) (aged 45) | Suicide |