OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Senhouse Kirkes

William Senhouse Kirkes (21 January 1822 near Cartmel, Lancashire – 8 December 1864) was an English physiologist noted for his reference work "Kirkes' Physiology" which first appeared in 1848.

## Life

He was born in 1823 at Holker in North Lancashire. After education at the grammar school of Cartmel he was, at the age of thirteen, apprenticed to a partnership of surgeons in Lancaster, and went thence to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, in 1841. He was distinguished in the school examinations, and in 1846 graduated M.D. at Berlin. In 1855, he was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London, and delivered the Gulstonian lectures there in 1856.
Sir James Paget was then warden of the college of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and in 1848 he and Kirkes published a Handbook of Physiology, which soon became popular among students of medicine. A second edition appeared in 1851, and further editions by Kirkes alone in 1856, 1860, and 1863. In 1867, 1869, 1872, and 1876 further editions by William Morrant Baker appeared. Vincent Dormer Harris was next joined with Baker in several editions, and then edited the book himself, with the assistance of Mr. D'Arcy Power. John Murray, the publisher, to whom it was a valuable property, next employed William Dobbinson Halliburton, under whose care no part of the original work of Kirkes, except his name on the outside cover, remained, and in this form the book goes through almost annual editions, and is still the most popular textbook of physiology for medical students.
Kirkes was appointed demonstrator of morbid anatomy to St. Bartholomew's Hospital in 1848, and in 1854 defeated Dr. John William Hue in a contest for the office of assistant physician. He became lecturer on botany, and then on medicine, and in 1864, when Sir George Burrows resigned, he was elected physician to the hospital.
He died at his house in Lower Seymour Street of double pneumonia with pericarditis after five days' illness on 8 December 1864.

## Work

His most original work is a paper in the Transactions of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London (xxxv. 281 ) on "Embolism, or the carrying of blood-clots from the heart to remote parts of the body," a pathological process then just beginning to be recognised.
Kirkes' main research field was cardiology and vascular disease, and he first described embolism from vegetations in infective endocarditis in 1852. In 1855, he published a paper on apoplexy in Bright's disease, in which he singled out the role played by increased intra-arterial tension in arterial disease.
# Jeremy Woodhead

Jeremy Woodhead is a British make-up artist. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Makeup and Hairstyling for the film Judy.

## Selected filmography

* Judy (2019)
# Inonotus dryadeus

Inonotus dryadeus (syn. Pseudoinonotus dryadeus), commonly known as oak bracket, warted oak polypore, weeping polypore or weeping conk, is an inedible species of fungus belonging to the genus Inonotus, which consists of bracket fungi with fibrous flesh. Most often found growing at the base of oak trees, it causes white rot and decay of the trunks. It secretes an amber liquid which weeps from tubes in its upper surface.

## Description

The thick fruiting body of Inonotus dryadeus varies in size from 5 to 30 centimetres (2.0 to 11.8 in) in width, although specimens up to 75 centimetres (30 in) have been found. Its velvety upper surface is cream to rusty brown with a yellower margin, and is pitted with tubes up to 3 cm deep which ooze an orange-brown liquid when the fruit body is young, hence the name "weeping conk".
On the buff underside there are 4 to 6 fine pores per millimetre. These are initially greyish-white but mature to yellow or ochre.
The flesh is soft and fibrous, yellow-brown in colour and has an unpleasant odour.

### Spores

The spores are white, smooth and globose, with dimensions in the range of 6.5–8×7–8 μm.

### Similar species

I. cuticularis grows on beech, sycamore and elm.

## Habitat and distribution

Inonotus dryadeus is a parasitic saprobic fungus, with spores entering wounds on broadleaf trees (predominantly oak, although sometimes maple, elm and chestnut). The fungus is primarily a root decay fungus, rotting the below−ground parts of roots. Detection is often difficult if the conks have not developed. The fruiting conks appear close to the ground on the trunk, thickly attached, and either singly or in groups.
It has been observed in North America and temperate northern Europe, where it is described as widespread but locally common. Fruiting occurs in summer and autumn, but fruit bodies may overwinter and persist for several years, eventually turning black and cracked. Presence of a fruit body may indicate that the mycelium has penetrated and weakened the root crown of the tree.
# Inonotus ludovicianus

Inonotus ludovicianus is a species of fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. A plant pathogen, it is found in the southwestern United States and Louisiana.
# 2008–09 Ivy League men's basketball season

The 2008–09 Ivy League men's basketball season was the Ivy League's 55th season of basketball. Cornell University won the league title for the second year in a row and was the recipient of the Ivy League's automatic bid to the 2009 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. Alex Barnett of Dartmouth College was the Ivy League Men's Basketball Player of the Year.
During the 2008–09 season, Harvard's Jeremy Lin was the only NCAA Division I men's college basketball player who ranked in the top ten in his conference for scoring (17.8), rebounding (5.5), assists (4.3), steals (2.4), blocked shots (0.6), field goal percentage (0.502), free throw percentage (0.744), and 3 point shot percentage (0.400).

## Results

| Home\Away | Brown | Columbia | Cornell | Dartmouth | Harvard | Penn | Princeton | Yale |
| Brown | | 57–70 | 45–85 | 69–59 | 61–59 | 52–73 | 61–43 | 62–70 |
| Columbia | 65–59 | | 59–71 | 65–52 | 60–59 | 50–51 | 58–44 | 53–42 |
| Cornell | 90–58 | 83–72 | | 79–76 | 96–75 | 60–51 | 83–59 | 64–36 |
| Dartmouth | 63–61 | 67–53 | 57–75 | | 62–63 | 63–60 | 66–63 | 62–74 |
| Harvard | 64–63 | 72–63 | 71–70 | 66–75 | | 66–60 | 71–77 | 66–87 |
| Penn | 64–54 | 63–74 | 63–88 | 59–69 | 66–75 | | 56–59 | 79–87 |
| Princeton | 56–48 | 63–35 | 41–64 | 59–54 | 58–55 | 55–62 | | 62–54 |
| Yale | 57–55 | 57–49 | 72–60 | 74–62 | 59–69 | 63–68 | 60–48 | |
* Host win
* Guest win

## NCAA tournament

| Team | Seed | Results |
| Cornell | 14 | Lost First Round vs #3 Missouri (box score) |
# William Musgrave (MP)

William Musgrave MP, (1518–1597) of Hayton Castle was an English politician, Member of Parliament for the Cumberland Division.

## Family

William Musgrave was born at Hayton Castle, son of Sir Thomas Musgrave, Marshal of Berwick and his wife, Elizabeth Dacre. He married Isabel Martindale, daughter and co-heiress of James Martindale of Newton, Allerdale, Cumberland, and the widow of his maternal uncle, Humphrey Dacre of Gilsland. Their marriage produced six children, Thomas Musgrave of Brakenburgh (died two months before his father); Sir Edward Musgrave MP, Anne, John, Jane and Leonard.

## Sir Thomas Musgrave, Marshal of Berwick

Sir Thomas Musgrave (1483-1532) was born at Hayton Castle, the son of Nicholas Musgrave and his wife, Margaret Colville-Tilliol. He married Elizabeth Dacre, daughter of Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre of Gilsland and Elizabeth de Greystoke, and had nine children by her. He died on 23 February 1532, at Hayton; however an inquisition into his estate lasted until 1536. He became Constable of Bewcastle, a border castle and village near Carlisle, during a lawless period, when during raids by marauding Scots, such castles became sanctuaries. The 16th century saw tenancy by the Musgraves, who defended it against their sworn enemies, the Grahams and Armstrongs. Sir Thomas also received the appointment of Marshal of Berwick, a town with a strategic castle on the eastern coast of England, bordering with Scotland. The castle's location in the hotly disputed border region between England and Scotland made it one of the most important strongholds in the British Isles, and it enjoyed an eventful history. As a major tactical objective in the region, the castle was captured by both the English and Scots on a number of occasions and frequently sustained substantial damage.
# Integrator workflow

Integrator workflow, also known as Integration Manager Workflow, is a method to handle source code contributions in work environments using distributed version control.

## Scenario

Frequently, in a distributed team, each developer has write access to their own public repository and they have read access to everyone else’s. There is also a dedicated repository, the blessed repository, which contains the "reference" version of the project source code. To contribute to this, developers create their own public clone of the project and push their changes to those. Then, they request one or more maintainers of the blessed repository to pull in their changes.

## Implementations

* GitHub
* Bitbucket
* CodePlex
# Institutional dichotomy

Institutional dichotomy, according to John Wolfenden (responsible for the Wolfenden Report), in his essay The Gap — The Bridge, states that the dichotomization of intellectual disciplines by educational institutions, specifically collegiate institutions, is to blame for the communication gap between specialists in different fields.
Forced to pursue contrasting disciplines in college, students diverge from the broad educational background established in high school, and pursue narrower studies. As a result, these students lose contact with the shared basis of their education as they venture into separate abstract studies. In effect, the communication gap of collegiate students widens as they become saturated with a curriculum of abstractions that relate to a single area of study.
For instance, a college freshman chooses mathematics as his field of study while another chooses English. As they study, the two students become grossly out of touch as they adapt to new languages which will soon serve as a code in their future careers. The mathematics student becomes consumed by symbols and numbers while the English student immerses himself in a sea of classical literary styles and grammatical mechanics. Consequently, the students soon become ill-equipped to communicate with each other. The mathematics student now becomes "illiterate" by standards of the English major and the English major becomes "innumerate" by standards of the mathematics major.
Because knowledge is increasing, some fragmentation of disciplines is inevitable. The problem with fragmentation is that students are forced to live in ignorance of studies outside of their fields.
# Institutional failure

Institutional failure may refer to:
* Government failure
* Market failure
# William Thomas Quick

William Thomas "Bill" Quick (born May 1946), who sometimes writes under the pseudonym Margaret Allan, is a science fiction author and self-described libertarian conservative blogger. Quick is the author of 28 novels, the most famous of which is the cyberpunk Dreams of Flesh and Sand, and co-authored a six-novel series with William Shatner. He runs the conservative blog Daily Pundit.
Originally from Indiana, he lives in Hunters Point, San Francisco, California.

## Books

Quick is the author of 28 novels, the most famous of which is Dreams of Flesh and Sand. He co-authored the six novel Quest for Tomorrow series with William Shatner. He has also written a series of prehistoric adventure novels under the pen name Margaret Allan, the best selling of which was The Last Mammoth.
His 2014 novel, Lightning Fall, a disaster thriller, was featured in a USA Today column by Instapundit's Glenn Reynolds. Quick's novel and Reynold's column were commented on by other libertarian sources.

## Blog "Daily Pundit"

Quick started blogging at Daily Pundit in 2001. It continues as a group blog. The word "blogosphere" is credited by some to Quick, who proposed it on Daily Pundit in 2001.

## American Conservative Party

In February 2008, Quick was among those involved (he describes himself as "the guy who dreamed up the damned name of the party, registered it, built your first web site, and gave you your first publicity") in the creation of a third party called the American Conservative Party as an alternative to the Democratic and Republican parties. He has since repudiated this organization repeatedly on his blog.
# 2008 Maldivian Third Division Football Tournament

The 2008 Third Division tournament was scheduled to start in November 2008 with 26 clubs, excluding the Male' Football Club; the Football Association of Maldives decided to exclude them from the 2008 Third Division after a complaint was lodged to the Subordinate Court stating that the Football Association of Maldives election, held in July 2008, was unethical. Despite the complaint, the election was confirmed by the court.
The Male' Football Club filed against Maldives FA for their decision to exile them from the 2008 Third Division tournament and won. The decision was appealed to the High Court by the Football Association, resulting in the Male' Football Club's suspension from the tournament until the 2010 FAM Congress. Since Male' Football Club is not a member of the Football Association of Maldives and was not invited to the election congress, they do not have any legal right to make a complaint against the association.
The 2008 Third Division tournament began on 12 March 2009 with 20 teams. The teams were distributed into six groups.

## Awards

| Award | Winner |
| Best player | Ahmed Niyaz (LT Sports Club) |
# Ji-woon

Ji-woon, also spelled Jee-woon or Ji-un, is a Korean masculine given name. The meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 46 hanja with the reading "ji" and 21 hanja with the reading "woon" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in given names.
People with this name include:
* Ji-un of Tamna (fl. 483–508), 27th king of Tamna
* Kim Jee-woon (born 1964), South Korean film director and screenwriter
* Kim Ji-woon (footballer) (born Kim Bong-rae, 1990), South Korean footballer
* Zheng Zhiyun (footballer) (born 1995), Chinese footballer of Korean descent
Fictional characters with this name include:
* Kang Ji-woon, from the 2014 television series Angel Eyes
* Ji-Woon Hak, known in-game as "The Trickster", from the 2016 video game Dead by Daylight
# Jesse Ellis

Jesse Ellis(14 April 1846 – 1916) was an engineer and pioneer of steam wagons.

## Personal life

Ellis was born in Cranbrook, Kent, and moved with his parents to Pembury, where he was living at the age of 14. He married Mary Moseley. By 1881 they had six children and three servants and lived in Union Street, Maidstone. More children followed and they moved out to Barming, returning in 1901 to 68 London Road, Maidstone. He died in 1914 in Lambeth aged 70.

## Professional life

Ellis trained as an engineer with the Rochester, Kent, firm of Aveling and Porter, and then formed a partnership with Arthur Fremlin, trading as Jesse Ellis and Co. They were engineers and boiler makers, creating the Invicta Works, Maidstone, where they made a speciality of traction engines. He is probably best known for his steam motor-wagon with special fire-tube boilers, which Ellis personally introduced into Egypt in 1902.
Ellis was a founder member of the Royal Automobile Club in 1897 and a member of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. He was a founder and at the time of his death Vice President of the National Traction Engine and Owners' Association.
The firm exhibited at the International Motor Show, Olympia in 1905 and showed a steam vehicle at the Commercial Motor Vehicle and Boat Show at Olympia (London) in March 1907. However, Jesse Ellis & Co. Ltd went into liquidation on 30 April 1907 and its premises were advertised for sale. The company Jesse Ellis and Co., with partners Jesse Ellis and R. D. Crosby, was dissolved in 1910.
# Alexander Burns Mackay

Alexander Burns Mackay (1882–1973) was a Scottish politician and trade unionist.
Born in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Mackay was educated at Lanark Grammar School before becoming a bank clerk, working in Glasgow. In 1908, Mackay joined the Young Scots Society and the Liberal Party, with a particular interest in Georgism. He soon joined the Scottish Bankers' Association, serving as its president from 1920, and from 1921 also serving as the president of the Scottish Advisory Board of Professional Unions.
Mackay joined the Union of Democratic Control, serving as vice-president of its Scottish section, and around 1920 moved from the Liberals to the Independent Labour Party (ILP). The ILP sponsored him as a Labour Party candidate in Glasgow Pollok at the 1922 general election, in which he took second place.
Mackay retired in 1939, and won election to Glasgow City Council, representing Gorbals. He also became a magistrate, later serving as bailie. He stood for Parliament again in Glasgow Pollok at the 1945 general election, and in the 1946 Glasgow Cathcart by-election, but was not elected. He stood down from the council in 1951, but remained politically active.
# István Pukli

István Pukli (born October 1, 1979) is a Hungarian teacher of history and literature, esperantist, and the headmaster of the Teleki Blanka Gymnasium of Budapest.
Pukli was one of the leading figures of the 2016 teachers protests.

## Career

He was the director of Teleki Blanka Gymnasium.

## Publications

* István, Pukli; Balázs, Péterffy; Katalin, Kovács Zs. (2009). Iránytű 5: Kompetenciafejlesztő feladatsorok. Budapest: Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó Rt. p. 160. ISBN 9789631961652.
# Tempo Perdido

"Tempo Perdido" (Portuguese for 'lost time') may refer to:
* a song by Brazilian singer-songwriter Ataulfo Alves, covered by various artists including Pink Martini
* a song by Brazilian rock band Legião Urbana from their 1986 album Dois
# Moons and Mushrooms

Moons and Mushrooms is the seventh studio album by the gothic metal band Lake of Tears. It was released in 2007, and was the first Lake of Tears recording to feature Magnus Sahlgren as an official member of the band (although he had played guitar with Lake of Tears as a guest artist since 1999). Unlike the band's previous two albums, Moons and Mushrooms made heavy use of guitars, having a less electronic sound. A limited edition digipack version of the album was released alongside the standard version, featuring a cover of the Status Quo song "Is There a Better Way?" as a bonus track.

## Track listing

All songs written by Lake of Tears, except "Head on Phantom", written by Christian Silver and Lake of Tears, and "Is There a Better Way" by Francis Rossi and Alan Lancaster.

## Personnel

* Daniel Brennare - vocals, guitar
* Mikael Larsson - bass
* Johan Oudhuis - drums
* Magnus Sahlgren - lead guitar

### Additional personnel

* Andreas Olavi - guitars
* Dan Helgeson - organ, keyboards
* Christian Silver - producer, engineering
* Felipe Machado Franco - cover art, artwork
* Fredrik Olsson - photography
* Anton Hedberg - photography
* Johan Örnborg - engineering
* This 2000s metal album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# The Gunman and Other Stories

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Gunman and Other Stories is the seventh studio album by the English pop band Prefab Sprout. Released in June 2001, the album was the band's only release for the EMI Liberty label.

## Album history

Following 1997 album Andromeda Heights and 1999 compilation 38 Carat Collection, Prefab Sprout conducted their first tour of the UK for 10 years. The success of the tour led singer and frontman Paddy McAloon to consider recording material for a new album. Rather than opting for "new" material, McAloon chose to record material he had previously given to other artists as a "tidying up operation", before moving on to newer material.
Despite drummer Neil Conti's involvement in the tour (having originally departed from the band in 1992), the studio band operated with McAloon and his brother Martin as sole members. Fellow singer Wendy Smith was absent due to having given birth the previous year, and other work commitments with her music therapy career.
The album was produced by Tony Visconti, and made use of session musicians including Carlos Alomar, Jeff Pevar and Jordan Rudess. Eric Weissberg of "Duelling Banjos" fame, played the banjo on "Cowboy Dreams". Mixes were approved via e-mail between Visconti in New York and the McAloon brothers' base in County Durham.
The album included versions of five songs which Paddy McAloon originally wrote for other performers. "Cowboy Dreams", "I'm a Troubled Man", "Love Will Find Someone for You" and "Blue Roses" were originally recorded by Jimmy Nail in 1994 and 1996, respectively, while title track "The Gunman" was originally recorded by Cher on her 1995 album It's a Man's World.
The album was the least successful of the band's output, stalling at No. 60 in the UK Albums Chart.
One single was released from the album, "Wild Card in the Pack", in October 2001.

## Track listing

All songs written by Paddy McAloon unless noted otherwise:
* "Cowboy Dreams"
* "Wild Card in the Pack"
* "I'm a Troubled Man"
* "The Streets of Laredo" / "Not Long for This World" (traditional; arranged and adapted by Paddy McAloon/Paddy McAloon)
* "Love Will Find Someone for You"
* "Cornfield Ablaze"
* "When You Get to Know Me Better"
* "The Gunman"
* "Blue Roses"
* "Farmyard Cat"
The Japanese CD release also featured the "Cowboy Dreams" video as a CD extra as well as footage of the music video shoot and liner notes by Paddy McAloon.
# Periodontal ligament stem cells

Periodontal ligament stem cells are stem cells found near the periodontal ligament of the teeth. These cells have shown potential in the regeneration of not only the periodontal complex but also other dental and non-dental tissues. They are involved in adult regeneration of the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum. The cells are known to express STRO-1 and CD146 proteins.
Periodontal ligament stem cells play a role as progenitor cells. They are capable of generating into osteoblasts, cementoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes.
# Independent Commission Against Corruption

Independent Commission or Commissioner Against Corruption may refer to:
* Independent Commission Against Corruption (Mauritius), established in 2002
* Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong), established in 1974
   * Commissioner of the Independent Commission Against Corruption, a post in Hong Kong
* Independent Commission Against Corruption (New South Wales), Australia, established in 1988
* Independent Commissioner Against Corruption (Northern Territory), Australia, established in 2018
* Independent Commission Against Corruption (South Australia), established in 2013
* Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption, established 2007
* Korea Independent Commission Against Corruption, established in 2002, merged into Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission in 2008