OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hermon Carey Bumpus

Hermon Carey Bumpus (May 5, 1862 – June 21, 1943) was an American biologist, museum director, and the fifth president of Tufts College (later Tufts University).

## Early life and education

Hermon Carey Bumpus was born in Buckfield, Maine in 1862 and received a Ph.B. from Brown University in 1884, specializing in biology and science. He began graduate work at Brown before teaching at Olivet College. Bumpus received his Ph.D. from Clark University in 1891.
Bumpus joined the faculty of Brown as a professor of comparative zoology in 1890, where he emphasized active experimentation over the "didactic doldrums" of lectures. In 1893, Bumpus worked with colleagues Charles V. Chapin and John Howard Appleton in establishing a premedical program, one of the first premedical programs in the United States, with Bumpus as the director. Bumpus also established a Medical Association for physicians of Providence; in 1896 Bumpus demonstrated a Holtz machine to this group. He actually took the first x-ray images in Rhode Island around this time. His comparison of house sparrows that survived an uncommonly severe storm in 1898 with those that did not, including their respective measurements, has been cited as a classic example of natural selection in action.
Bumpus received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Brown University in 1905. He received an honorary Doctor of Science from Tufts in 1905 and an honorary LL.D. from Clark in 1909. He was an elected member of both the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He directed the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries laboratory, also at Woods Hole, and the American Museum of Natural History. Subsequently, he served as business manager of the University of Wisconsin.

## Career at Tufts

Bumpus became president of Tufts University in 1915, and was the first Tufts president who was not a Universalist; he had been chosen specifically because of his educational and administrative experience. He served president until 1919.

## Sources

* ↑ Mead, A. D. (January 1944). "HERMON CAREY BUMPUS May 5, 1862-June 21, 1943". Science. 99 (2559): 28–30. Bibcode:1944Sci....99...28M. doi:10.1126/science.99.2559.28. PMID 17741314.
* 1 2 3 Cassedy, James H. (1962). Charles V. Chapin and the Public Health Movement. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 33–34.
* ↑ Lowther, Peter (24 September 2014). "Hermon Bumpus and House Sparrows". Field Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
* ↑ "Honorary Degrees: 1900s". Brown University Corporation. Brown University. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
* ↑ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
* ↑ "Hermon Carey Bumpus". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
* "Dr. Bumpus Heads Tufts College" (PDF). New York Times. 1914-09-18.
* "President Bumpus of Tufts Resigns" (PDF). New York Times. 1918-12-14.
* "Hermon Bumpus becomes President, 1915". Tufts interactive timeline. Archived from the original on 2009-02-18.
* Martha Mitchell. "Bumpus, Hermon Carey". Encyclopedia Brunoniana.
# Jolo (disambiguation)

Jolo is a volcanic island in the Philippines.
Jolo may also refer to:
* Jolo, Sulu, a municipality in Jolo Island
* Jolo Group of Volcanoes, in Jolo Island
* Jolo, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Jolo (writer) (Jan Olof Olsson, 1920–1974), Swedish writer and journalist
* Jolo Revilla, actor and politician
* "#JOLO", an episode of Family Guy
# Lasondre Airport

Lasondre Airport (ICAO: WIMO) is located in Batu Islands (Indonesian: Pulau-Pulau Batu), South Nias, North Sumatra, Indonesia.

## Airlines and destinations

The following destinations are served from Lasondre Airport:
| Airlines | Destinations |
| Susi Air | Gunung Sitoli, Padang, Sibolga |
* Aviation portal
# William Griggs

William or Bill Griggs may refer to:
* William Griggs (physician), doctor involved in Salem witch trials
* William Griggs (inventor) (1832–1911), English inventor of a process of photolithography
* Bill Griggs (born 1950s), Australian trauma and emergency medical retrieval doctor
* Billy Griggs (American football) (born 1962)
* Billy Griggs (born 1968), BMX racer
* Will Griggs, fictional character in Neighbours
# Fowlea

Fowlea is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to Asia.

## Species

The following species are recognized as being valid.
* Fowlea asperrima (Boulenger, 1891) – Boulenger's keelback
* Fowlea flavipunctata (Hallowell, 1860) – yellow-spotted keelback
* Fowlea melanzosta (Gravenhorst, 1807) – Javan keelback water snake
* Fowlea piscator (Schneider, 1799) – checkered keelback
* Fowlea punctulata (Günther, 1858) – Spotted keelback water snake
* Fowlea sanctijohannis (Boulenger, 1890) – St. John's keelback
* Fowlea schnurrenbergeri (Kramer, 1977) – bar-necked keelback
* Fowlea unicolor (F. Müller, 1887) – Tikiri keelback
* Fowlea yunnanensis (Anderson, 1879) – Yunnan olive keelback
Some snakes of this genus, such as Boulenger's keelback and the checkered keelback, were moved from the genus Xenochrophis.
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Fowlea.
# Mortimer Nye

Mortimer Nye (12 November 1838 – 6 July 1901) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Indiana. Between 1893 and 1897 he served as Lieutenant Governor of Indiana.

## Life

Mortimer Nye was born in Wadsworth, Medina County in Ohio. In his early years he taught school. Later he studied Law and in 1862 he was admitted to the bar. He practiced law in La Porte in Indiana. For a while he was City Attorney and County Attorney for La Porte and the LaPorte County. He joined the Democratic Party. In 1873, 1875, 1883 and 1885 he was elected to the Mayor's office of LaPorte. In total he served eight years in this office. In 1884 he was Presidential Elector for Grover Cleveland. In 1892 Mortimer Nye was elected as Lieutenant Governor of Indiana. He served in this position between 9 January 1893 and 11 January 1897 when his term ended. In this function he was the deputy to Governor Claude Matthews and he presided over the Indiana Senate. On 4 July 1901 he delivered a speech. Shortly after the end of this speech he was stricken with Apoplexy. He died two days later in his Home Town LaPorte.
# 1835 in Australia

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The following lists events that happened during 1835 in Australia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch - William IV

### Governors

Governors of the Australian colonies:
* Governor of New South Wales – Major-General Sir Richard Bourke.
* Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania – Colonel George Arthur
* Governor of Western Australia as a Crown Colony – Captain James Stirling

## Events

* 12 April – British ship George III, transporting male convicts from Woolwich to Hobart sinks in D'Entrecasteaux Channel with the loss of around 134 (128 convicts) of the 294 people on board.
* 13 May – British barque Neva, transporting female convicts from Cork, Ireland, is wrecked in the Bass Strait with the loss of 224 people and only 15 survivors.
* 6 June – Batman's Treaty is created between John Batman and Wurundjeri elders to secure the land around Port Phillip Bay for the establishment of Melbourne. The treaty was later declared void by the Governor of New South Wales, Richard Bourke.
* 6 August – Proclamation of Governor Bourke, a document which formally declared that the British Crown, relying on the doctrine of terra nullius, owned the whole of the continent of Australia.
* 13 September - John Bede Polding, the first Catholic bishop in Australia, arrives in Sydney.
* 10 October – The Proclamation of Governor Bourke is approved by the Colonial Office. Bourke's proclamation implemented the doctrine of terra nullius by proclaiming that Indigenous Australians could not sell or assign land, nor could an individual person acquire it, other than through distribution by the Crown.
* 29 December – Mary Gilbert gives birth to her son, James Port Phillip Gilbert, the first European child born in the Port Phillip settlement of Melbourne.

## Births

* 1 March – Sir Philip Fysh, 12th Premier of Tasmania (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1919)
* 31 March – William Hodgkinson, Queensland politician, explorer and journalist (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1900)
* 17 May – Sir Thomas McIlwraith, 8th Premier of Queensland (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1900)
* 17 June – James Brunton Stephens, poet (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1902)
* 1 July – Sir Samuel McCaughey, New South Wales politician, pastoralist and philanthropist (born in Ireland) (d. 1919)
* 19 August – Tom Wills, Australian rules footballer (Melbourne) and cricketer (d. 1880)
* 24 August – Sir Peter Scratchley, military officer and administrator (born in France) (d. 1885)
* 3 September – George Stanton, bishop (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1905)
* 1 November – Matthew Gibney, bishop (born in Ireland) (d. 1925)
* 2 November – Simpson Newland, South Australian politician, pastoralist and author (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1925)
* 10 December – Sir Normand MacLaurin, New South Wales politician and physician (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1914)

## Deaths

* 11 March – Elizabeth Macquarie, settler (born and died in the United Kingdom) (b. 1778)
* 11 August – George Clarke, bushranger (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1803), hanged
# William Savage Boulton

William Savage Boulton FGS (8 August 1867, Oldswinford, Worcestershire, UK – 1954) was an English geologist, mining engineer, and water engineer.
Boulton was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, Mason Science College, and the Royal College of Science. He was from 1890 to 1897 an assistant lecturer and demonstrator for Professor Charles Lapworth at Mason Science College. Boulton was then a professor of geology at University College, Cardiff from 1897 to 1913, when he went to the University of Birmingham as Lapworth's successor upon the latter's retirement in 1913. Boulton was Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Birmingham from 1926 to 1929. He was the editor of and a contributor to Practical Coal-Mining (6 vols.) and the author of many papers on geology and applications of geology to water supply and mining.
He was the president of the Cardiff Naturalists' Society from 1910 to 1911. He was the president of the Geological Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1916. He was awarded the Murchison Medal in 1926.
Boulton married in 1898 and was the father of one son.
# William Savage (Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge)

William Savage (died 1736) was an English academic.
He was born in Ickleford and entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1686, graduating B.A in 1690, M.A. in 1693, and D.D. in 1717. He was Fellow of Emmanuel from 1692 to 1702; and Rector of St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe from 1703. He also held the livings of Gravesend and Stone, Kent. He was Master of Emmanuel from 1719 until his death in 1736. He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge from 1724 to 1725. He was probably a relation of the writer John Savage.
# William Savage (printer)

William Savage (1770–1843) was an English printer, engraver, draughtsman and author of several works about printing.

## Life

Born in 1770 at Howden in the East Riding of Yorkshire, he was the younger son of James Savage, a clockmaker. He was educated at the church school in Howden. In 1790 he went into business as a printer and bookseller there in partnership with his elder brother, James Savage. In 1797 he moved to London, and about two years later was appointed printer to the Royal Institution. There for ten years he was assistant secretary to the board of managers, and also secretary to the library committee, secretary to the committee of chemistry, and superintendent of the printing office.
About 1803 Savage went also into business as a printer in London on his own account. In 1807 he was commissioned to print Edward Forster's British Gallery of Engravings, It made his reputation as printer.
Savage died at his residence at Dodington Grove, Kensington, on 25 July 1843, leaving three daughters.

## Works

Savage devised a printing ink without any oil in its composition, and publicised it in Preparations in Printing Ink in various Colours (London, 1832). In recognition of his services, the Society for the Encouragement of Arts awarded him their large medal and a sum of money "for his imitations of drawings, printed from engravings on wood, with inks of his own preparing".
Savage published Dictionary of the Art of Printing (London, 1840–1, in 16 numbers); it drew on the work of Joseph Moxon. He was also the author of:
* Observations on Emigration to the United States, London, 1819.
* Practical Thoughts on Decorative Printing, London, 1822 (limited edition). This work was illustrated by engravings from Augustus Wall Callcott, John Varley, John Thurston, Thomas Willement, and William Henry Brooke. The edition was limited.
Savage was a draughtsman, and there are engravings from drawings by him in the section of John Britton's Beauties of England and Wales dealing with Yorkshire.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lee, Sidney, ed. (1897). "Savage, William (1770-1843)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 50. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
* ↑ Alter, J.-M. "Savage, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24731. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* ↑ Savage, 1822, p. title page

## Sources

* Savage, William (1822). Practical hints on decorative printing. London : For the proprietor by Messrs. Longman, Hurst, Ress, Orme, and Brown, T. Cadell, J. Booth, J. Major, R. Triphook, and R. Jennings.

### Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1897). "Savage, William (1770-1843)". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 50. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
# 1891 English cricket season

1891 was the second season of County Championship cricket in England. There were no international tours. The County Championship was won by Surrey in even more dominant fashion than previously as they won twelve of their 16 games. Debutants Somerset finished fifth out of the nine teams.

## Honours

* County Championship - Surrey
* Wisden (Five Great Bowlers) - William Attewell, J T Hearne, Frederick Martin, Arthur Mold, John Sharpe

## County Championship
### Final table

| | Team | P | W | L | D | A | Pts |
| 1 | Surrey | 16 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 10 |
| 2 | Lancashire | 16 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 3 | Middlesex | 16 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 4 | Nottinghamshire | 14 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Kent | 16 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | -1 |
| 5 | Somerset | 12 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 0 | -1 |
| 7 | Sussex | 14 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 0 | -3 |
| 8 | Yorkshire | 16 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 0 | -5 |
| 9 | Gloucestershire | 16 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 0 | -8 |
Points system:
* 1 for a win
* 0 for a draw
* −1 for a loss

### Most runs in the County Championship

1891 County Championship - leading batsmen :
| Name | Team | Matches | Runs | Average | 100s | 50s |
| Bobby Abel | Surrey | 16 | 916 | 43.61 | 2 | 4 |
| Arthur Shrewsbury | Nottinghamshire | 13 | 794 | 41.78 | 2 | 5 |
| Billy Gunn | Nottinghamshire | 12 | 780 | 43.33 | 2 | 3 |
| George Bean | Sussex | 14 | 773 | 33.60 | 2 | 4 |
| Tim O'Brien | Middlesex | 15 | 755 | 35.95 | 2 | 3 |

### Most wickets in the County Championship

1891 County Championship - leading bowlers :
| Name | Team | Matches | Balls bowled | Wickets taken | Average |
| George Lohmann | Surrey | 16 | 4267 | 132 | 10.65 |
| John Hearne | Middlesex | 15 | 3434 | 118 | 10.33 |
| Arthur Mold | Lancashire | 15 | 3781 | 112 | 12.37 |
| Frederick Martin | Kent | 15 | 4267 | 98 | 13.10 |
| Johnny Briggs | Lancashire | 15 | 3214 | 89 | 12.96 |

## Overall first-class statistics
### Leading batsmen

1891 English cricket season - leading batsmen :
| Name | Team(s) | Matches | Runs | Average | 100s | 50s |
| Billy Gunn | MCC, North of England, Nottinghamshire, Players | 23 | 1336 | 41.75 | 4 | 4 |
| Bobby Abel | Players, South of England, Surrey | 24 | 1139 | 33.50 | 2 | 5 |
| Arthur Shrewsbury | North of England, Nottinghamshire, Players | 17 | 1071 | 48.68 | 3 | 6 |
| George Ulyett | North of England, Players, Yorkshire | 25 | 1068 | 24.83 | 2 | 6 |
| George Bean | MCC, Players, South of England, Sussex | 21 | 1002 | 30.36 | 2 | 5 |

### Leading bowlers

1891 English cricket season - leading bowlers :
| Name | Team(s) | Matches | Balls bowled | Wickets taken | Average |
| George Lohmann | Players, South of England, Surrey | 25 | 5943 | 177 | 11.66 |
| Frederick Martin | Kent, MCC, Players, South of England | 22 | 5735 | 140 | 13.37 |
| William Attewell | MCC, North of England, Nottinghamshire, Players | 28 | 7573 | 153 | 13.93 |
| Arthur Mold | Lancashire | 19 | 4712 | 138 | 12.49 |
| Sammy Woods | Cambridge University, Gentlemen, Somerset, South of England | 21 | 4640 | 134 | 16.72 |
# Jharkhand International Film Festival Awards

The Jharkhand International Film Festival Awards (also known as the JIFFA) are a set of awards presented annually to film makers and artists for theirs contribution to Cinema. It aims to provide common platform for cinemas of world to project excellence of film arts. It supports filmmaking and promotion of all genres.

## History

The first Jharkhand International film festival had held on 2018 in Mega Sports Complex of State capital of Jharkhand in Ranchi.

## Awards ceremonies

The following is a list of Jharkhand International Film Festival Awards ceremonies since 2018.
| Ceremony | Date | City | Notes |
| 1st JIFFA | 1 to 3 Feb 2018 | Ranchi | |
| 2nd JIFFA | 25 to 27 May 2019 | Ranchi | |
| 3rd JIFFA | 1st to 11th Oct 2020 | Ranchi | (online) |
| 4th JIFFA | 29 to 30 Oct 2021 | Ranchi | |
| 5th JIFFA | 17 to 18 Dec 2022 | Ranchi | |

## Awards
### Global/Hindi

* Films on Mahatma Gandhi (Documentary, Short, Feature)
* Short Films
* Documentary Films
* Student / Diploma films
* Feature Films
* Animation Films

### Indian Regional

* Short Films
* Documentary Films
* Student / Diploma films
* Feature Films
* Animation Films
* Music & Video Albums

### Jharkhand Regional

* Short Films
* Documentary Films
* Student / Diploma films
* Feature Films
* Animation Films
* Music & Video Albums
# International Year of Shelter for the Homeless

The International Year of Shelter for the Homeless (IYSH) was recognized in 1987 by the United Nations. It was first declared, in principle, in UN resolution 36/71 in 1981, and proclaimed officially in 1982 in resolution 37/221. It was mainly aimed at improving shelter / housing for the poor in general (and not just homeless people), especially in developing countries. It was also a follow-up to the Habitat I conference in 1976.

## Actions

In several countries, national actions were created, such as Australia which created an IYSH Secretariat, or the United Kingdom where a trust was created to collect donations from housing associations for shelter projects in developing countries, with some projects part-funded by the Overseas Development Administration. The trust later evolved into the NGO Homeless International (now operating as Reall, or Real Equity for All).

## Legacy

The World Habitat Awards were created by the BSHF as their contribution to the IYSH. Two other prizes were created by the Japan Housing Association as awards to deserving housing projects, the IYSH Memorial Prize in 1988 and the IYSH Memorial Encouragement Prize in 2006.
| Number | Year | Memorial Prize | Memorial Encouragement Prize |
| 1 | 1988 | Father Jorge Anzorena | |
| 2 | 1989 | Somsook Boonyabancha | |
| 3 | 1990 | Arif Hasan and Sister Annie Abion | |
| 4 | 1991 | Johan Silas and Enrique Ortiz | |
| 5 | 1992 | SPARC | |
| 6 | 1993 | Freedom to Build | |
| 7 | 1994 | People's Dialogue South Africa | |
| 8 | 1995 | Women's Bank and Pagtambayayong Foundation | |
| 9 | 1996 | | |
| 10 | 1997 | | |
| 11 | 1998 | | |
| 12 | 1999 | Human Settlements Foundation (Thailand) | |
| 13 | 2000 | | |
| 14 | 2001 | Sevanatha (Sri Lanka) | |
| 15 | 2002 | Shack Dwellers Federation Namibia and ASAG Ahmedabad | |
| 16 | 2003 | | |
| 17 | 2004 | Denis Murphy | |
| 18 | 2005 | | |
| 19 | 2006 | Lumanti (Nepal) | TAO-Pilipinas (Philippines) |
| 20 | 2007 | | Teofang Tnaut (Cambodia) |
| 21 | 2008 | Help-O (Sri Lanka) | Urban Development Resource Center (Mongolia) |
| 22 | 2009 | Urban Poor Development Fund in Cambodia | |
| 23 | 2010 | | |
# Inside Black Sabbath – 1970–1992

Black Sabbath - 1970-1992 is a video by heavy metal band Black Sabbath.

## Tracks

* "Black Sabbath"
* "NIB"
* "Behind the Wall of Sleep"
* "Paranoid"
* "Hand of Doom"
* "Children of the Grave"
* "Snowblind"
* "Symptom of the Universe"
* "Sabbath Bloody Sabbath"
* "It's Alright"
* "Hard Road"
* "Neon Knights"
* "Die Young"
* "Headless Cross"
* "Anno Mundi"
* "Into the Void"
* "Mob Rules"
* "Children of the Grave"
# Inside Apple

Inside Apple: How America's Most Admired–And Secretive–Company Really Works (also subtitled The Secrets Behind the Past and Future Success of Steve Jobs's Iconic Brand) is a business and economics book on the systems, leadership patterns, strategies, and tactics adopted by Apple Inc. The book was authored by Adam Lashinsky, who is the Senior Editor-at-Large for Fortune and a leading correspondent in Silicon Valley.

## Content

The book revolves around the past and future of Steve Jobs's famous brand Apple Inc. The book records the transition of the company in 1996, after the return of Steve Jobs when it had cash to remain solvent for only ninety days to the consecutive successes of the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, ending up in 2011, when the company was the largest company in the world.
# William W. Blair

William Wallace Blair (October 11, 1828 – April 18, 1896) was an apostle and a member of the First Presidency of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church).
Blair was born in Holley, New York. In 1839, his family moved to LaSalle County, Illinois. In 1851, Blair encountered missionaries from the Latter Day Saint movement. On October 8, 1851, Blair was baptized by William Smith, the younger brother of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement.
In 1852, Blair became somewhat disenchanted with William Smith and some of his associates when he "learned that some of the leading elders were walking in unrighteousness". Blair investigated and temporarily aligned himself with Charles B. Thompson's Baneemyites, but ultimately decided that it "was not the work of God."
In 1855, Blair aligned himself with John E. Page and Hazen Aldrich, who were claiming to have reorganized the true Church of Christ. However, in late 1856, Blair aligned himself with Latter Day Saints, including William Marks, Jason W. Briggs, and Zenas H. Gurley, who were teaching that a "reorganization" of Joseph Smith's church needed to be effected under Smith's son Joseph Smith III. On April 7, 1857, Blair was re-baptized into this "reorganization" by Gurley. The following day, he was ordained as a high priest and on October 7, 1858, at a church conference in Zarahemla, Wisconsin, Blair was ordained an apostle of the reorganization and he became a member of the Council of Twelve Apostles.
On October 8, 1860, shortly after the RLDS Church was formally organized, Blair was assigned as a missionary to Nauvoo, Illinois, Far West, Missouri, and Council Bluffs, Iowa. Blair was a successful missionary and baptized many individuals into the RLDS Church.
On April 10, 1873, Blair was chosen by prophet–president Joseph Smith III to be his first counselor in the First Presidency. He served in this capacity until his sudden death while traveling home to Lamoni, Iowa from a church conference in Kirtland, Ohio.
Blair was married to Elizabeth J. Doty and was the father of seven children.

## Publications

* W.W. Blair (1877). Joseph the Seer (Lamoni, Iowa: Herald Publishing House)
* —— (Frederick B. Blair ed.) (1908). The Memoirs of President W.W. Blair at the Wayback Machine (archived January 24, 2005) (Lamoni, Iowa: Herald Publishing House)