OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas C. Duder

Thomas C. Duder (April 16, 1850 – 1912) was a merchant and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Fogo in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1893 to 1900.
He was born in St. John's and was educated at the Wesleyan Academy there. After leaving school, he worked as an accountant in the firm operated by his cousin Edwin Duder, Jr. and, in 1874, became head of the branch at Fogo. In 1875, he was named a justice of the peace for the northern district. In 1895, Duder went into business on his own. He served in the Executive Council as financial secretary, chairman of the Board of Works and Minister of Agriculture and Mines. Duder married Emily J. Haddon. He was named a magistrate at Bonne Bay in 1900, serving until his death in 1912.
# Zhuang script

Zhuang script may refer to:
* Old Zhuang script
* Zhuang alphabet
# Argus Brewery

Argus Brewery was a brewing company located on the south side of Chicago, at the edge of the Roseland community and the historic Pullman District. Founded in 2009, the brewery produced beer for multiple Chicago restaurants as well as its own self-named brand. Argus brewery closed in March 2020.

## History

The brewery was housed in a century-old building that originally served as the Schlitz Brewery stable. Schlitz constructed its largest facility across the tracks from the Pullman Company to provide beer to the 10,000 area workers who were forced to live in a dry community.
In 2016, Ted Furman became the brewmaster at Argus Brewing, and began to reproduce recipes from his defunct brand Golden Prairie. That same year the Argus Lager won a bronze award at the World Beer Cup. In 2018, the Golden Prairie Doppel Alt was awarded a Gold Medal at the Great American Beer Festival. Argus brand original craft beers and Golden Prairie brand beers were available in local taverns and stores, with most sales coming from taphouses.
In late 2012 the brewery teamed up with Jarrett Payton, son of the late NFL Hall of Famer Walter Payton, to create the Jarrett Payton All-American Wheat Ale. The limited release beer was developed by Payton and the Jensen family. Argus also brewed beers honoring other notable Chicagoans, including the Paschke Pilsner for beloved local artist Ed Paschke, and the Tuskegee Airmen Pursuit as homage to Jack Lyle, one of the legendary Tuskegee Airmen. Argus Brewery also briefly contract-brewed for Baderbrau, one of Chicago’s oldest craft brewing companies.
Argus Brewery closed in 2020, due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois. The brewery stopped brewing on March 28, twelve days after bars and restaurants were ordered to close to stem the spread of the virus in Chicago.
# Abacetus piliger

Abacetus piliger is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Maximilien Chaudoir in 1876.
# French Lake (Wright County, Minnesota)

French Lake is a lake in Wright County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
A large share of the early settlers near the lake being French Canadians caused the name to be selected.
# Ô Lâm

Ô Lâm is a rural commune (xã) and village of the Tri Tôn District of An Giang Province, Vietnam.
10°21′06″N 104°58′41″E﻿ / ﻿10.3517°N 104.9780°E﻿ / 10.3517; 104.9780
* This article about a location in Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about a location in An Giang province, Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Niceland (band)

Niceland, formerly Iceland, was an Icelandic heavy metal band established in 1983 by Jaz Coleman from Killing Joke and Icelandic band Þeyr.

## Origins

In 1982, Jaz Coleman, the leading vocalist of Killing Joke, moved to Iceland next to his guitarist Geordie Walker in pursuit of resurrecting the Icelandic rock scene. There, they contacted some musicians and started playing with Þeyr, which was an accomplished new wave group not only in Iceland, but in Scandinavia as well. By 1982, Þeyr's lineup consisted of singer Magnús Guðmundsson, guitarists Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson and Þorsteinn Magnússon, bassist Hilmar Örn Agnarsson, and drummer Sigtryggur Baldursson.
However, Þorsteinn Magnússon left the band to begin his own solo project, Stanya, soon releasing an album titled Líf. Singer Magnús took his place in the group.

## The establishment of Niceland

In 1983, Þeyr and Jaz Coleman formed a group called Iceland, but later the name was changed to Niceland by guitarist Guðlaugur Óttarsson. Niceland rehearsed for a few weeks and after creating five songs they went to Hljóðriti studios and recorded only three. The group was dissolved after the recording sessions because Jaz had problems with alcohol and the band decided to write their own songs. Jaz joined guitarist Árni Kristjánsson and drummer Þórarinn Kristjánsson from the band Vonbrigði and played for a while until he reassembled Killing Joke with bassist Birgir Mogensen, and guitarists Guðlaugur and Geordie. They played for about two months, and then Jaz returned to Great Britain to reestablish Killing Joke.
Þorsteinn Magnússon returned to Þeyr and toured Scandinavia, but Þeyr broke up in July 1983 and its members followed different paths. The three tracks recorded by Niceland have remained as unpublished material up to present times.

## Recordings

* "Catalyst" (04:07)
* "Guess Again" (04:53)
* "Take What's Mine" (03:50)
# Jeune République

Jeune République was a French academic think tank affiliated officially affiliated to the Ecole normale supérieure and SciencesPo, which was active from 2009 to 2015.
Created in France by Juan Branco with the support of Stanley Hoffmann, Souleymane Bachir Diagne, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, Yves Bonnefoy, Dominique de Villepin, Alain Lipietz, Bertrand Badie, Salomé Zourabichvili and Christian Paul, Jeune République developed antennas at Harvard, UCSD, Berkeley, Oxford and Cambridge.
It created the René Cassin award, given to Baltasar Garzón in 2010, the day after his suspension as a judge in Spain. The award, given with the support of the International Criminal Court and Amnesty International, permitted his nomination as an advisor to the Prosecutor of the ICC.
Jeune République has organized conferences and symposiums from 2009 to 2014 in France and in universities abroad, triggering dialogues between the poets Yves Bonnefoy and Tahar Bekri, debates on the Afghan Wars between French Presidential candidates Dominique de Villepin and Jean-Luc Mélenchon and symposiums on mass surveillance and copyright issues with Noam Chomsky, Julian Assange and others.
The magazine mixed students’ and reputable experts’ contributions and was published online every three months and annually on paper. Its issues remain freely downloadable.
# Kuangquan Subdistrict, Guangzhou

Kuangquan is a subdistrict of the Yuexiu District in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, southern China.
# Zele (disambiguation)

Zele may refer to:

## Geography

* Zele, Belgium
* Zele, Poland

## Languages

* Zele language of Nigeria

## People

* Dorina Zele (born 1992), Hungarian basketball player

## Others

* Zagato Zele 1000, an electric microcar
# Pension, Disability and Carers Service

The Pension, Disability and Carers Service was an executive agency of the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) which was created in April 2008.
The PDCS brought together two former separate executive agencies, The Pension Service and the Disability and Carers Service. These two agencies kept their corporate branding and provided services under their separate identities. The two agencies shared roughly fifty percent of the same customers and the rationalisation of services was believed to be likely to provide a better service.
Its status as an executive agency was removed on 1 October 2011 with its functions being brought back inside the DWP.
# Abdus Salam (newscaster)

Abdus Salam (1925 – 2 July 1992) was a Pakistani newscaster at Radio Pakistan and Pakistan Television. He was posthumously granted the Pride of Performance Award in 1994.

## Life and career

Salam was born to a lower middle-class family in 1925 in Ajmer Sharif, British India. He migrated to Pakistan after the Indo-Pak Independence.
Initially, he joined Radio Pakistan, Hyderabad, as a technical operator. But later, he became successful as a news reader. He also worked for Pakistan Television as an Urdu news presenter from 1977 to 1989.

## Death

On 29 June 1992, Salam was hit by a motorcycle when he was leaving the Radio Pakistan station for home after recording the night's news bulletin. Due to severe injuries, he died on 2 July 1992, after remaining 2 days in a coma.

## Awards and recognition

* Salam received the Nigar Award for best newscaster in 1988.
* Salam was posthumously awarded the Pride of Performance in 1994.
* After his accidental death, Radio Pakistan added a recording of his opening voice as a permanent part of its main bulletin to pay a tribute to his services in the field of broadcasting.
# John Davies (bowls)

John Davies is a New Zealand Paralympian who competed in lawn bowls. At the 1988 Summer Paralympics, he won a bronze medal in the pairs LB2 event.
# All-Slavic Anti-Fascist Committee

The All-Slavic Anti-Fascist Committee, later known as the All-Slavic Committee of the Soviet Union, was an anti-fascist public organization established in Moscow in 1941 during the Second World War. Its main task was to unite all Slavs in the fight against Nazism and fascism. Throughout its history, the committee was led by the Soviet Lieutenant General of the Engineering Troops Aleksandr Gundorov.

## History

In July 1941, Aleksandr Shcherbakov received a proposal from emigrants from Slavic countries living in the USSR to create an “All-Slavic Committee”. This idea was approved by Joseph Stalin.

### World War II

The committee was created on October 5, 1941, at the constituent assembly of representatives of the Slavic peoples living in the USSR. The main goal of the committee during the war years was the formation of an anti-fascist movement in the Slavic countries and the organization of its support among the Slavic communities in allied and neutral states. From 1942, the Committee published the magazine Slavs.
The committee's work was carried out by holding all-Slavic anti-fascist rallies and radio rallies (more than 70 in 1943–44), publishing and distributing propaganda documents (more than 20,000 articles and various materials were sent abroad in 1942–46), and organizing weekly Slavic radio broadcasts. countries, maintaining ties with Slavic organizations in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Latin America. At the end of 1945, the committee maintained ties with 130 foreign Slavic organizations. With the liberation of the Slavic countries from fascist occupation, they formed national Slavic committees.

### Post-War

In 1947 Committee was reorganized into the Slavic Committee of the USSR.
In 1949, the financing of the committee was almost halved compared to 1947–1948, but in 1950 the committee was allocated more money, since a team (more than 20 people) of the anti-Tito newspaper of Yugoslav emigrants Za socijalističku Jugoslaviju ('For Socialist Yugoslavia') was assigned to it. Thus, the Committee became involved in the anti-Tito informbiro period.
In 1951, the staff of the committee were reduced. From that point the main activity of the committee was the publication of the magazine Slavs.
In May 1958, the Central Committee of the CPSU decided to close the Slavs magazine. After the closure of the magazine Slavs the staff of the committee was reduced, and its activities were reduced to the reception of foreign tourists.

### Closure

In March 1962, the staff of the committee was reduced to 1 person, which in fact was its closure. Formally, the committee was not liquidated until the death of Gundorov.

## Committee Founders

Among committee founders were prominent figures such as: Dmitry Shostakovich, Zdeněk Nejedlý, Oleksandr Korniychuk, Pavlo Tychyna, Alexander Dovzhenko, Anatoly Lavrentyev, Alexey Tolstoy, Yanka Kupała, Yakub Kolas, Alexander Fadeev, Wanda Wasilewska, Władysław Broniewski, Leon Chwistek, Óndra Łysohorsky and others.
# Newside, Pennsylvania

Newside is a small hamlet in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, located four miles west of the town of Neffs, at the corner of Park Avenue and Newside Road. It is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area.

## Local roads

Park Avenue is a major thoroughfare for citizens of the nearby communities, as it connects PA Route 873 with the outlying towns along the Blue Mountain. It also provides a route to the Appalachian Trail at Bake Oven Knob.
Washington Street parallels Park Avenue and PA Route 309. It is a very important local alternate to the latter for accessing the locales to the north.
Newside Road runs perpendicular from Park Avenue to 309.

## Attractions

Heidelberg Heights, the main residential subdivision in Newside, is home to an annual yard sale in September that attracts people of all ages from miles around.
# KCNK5

Potassium channel subfamily K member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK5 gene.
This gene encodes K$_{2P}$5.1, one of the members of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. The message for this gene is mainly expressed in the cortical distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. The protein is highly sensitive to external pH and this, in combination with its expression pattern, suggests it may play an important role in renal potassium transport.
# 2010 Al Habtoor Tennis Challenge – Doubles

Julia Görges and Oksana Kalashnikova were the defending champions, but chose not to defend their title together. Görges played alongside Petra Martić whereas Kalashnikova played with Marta Sirotkina.
Kalashnikova and Sirotkina lost in the semifinals to Görges and Martić.
Görges and Martić won in the final, beating Sania Mirza and Vladimíra Uhlířová 6-4, 7-6(7).

## Seeds

* Sania Mirza / Vladimíra Uhlířová (final)
* Julia Görges / Petra Martić (champions)
* Vitalia Diatchenko / Alexandra Panova (first round)
* Sandra Klemenschits / Tatjana Malek (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | S Mirza V Uhlířová | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Chalova K Palkina | 6$^5$ | 4 | 1 | S Mirza V Uhlířová | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Bratchikova E Laine | 6 | 6 | | N Bratchikova E Laine | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | B Jovanovski S Sabljarević | 3 | 1 | | | | | | 1 | S Mirza V Uhlířová | 2 | 7 | [10] | | | | |
| 3 | V Diatchenko A Panova | 0 | 1 | | | | | | | L Lee-Waters M Moulton-Levy | 6 | 5 | [5] | | | | |
| | L Lee-Waters M Moulton-Levy | 6 | 6 | | L Lee-Waters M Moulton-Levy | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | T Moore K O'Brien | 3 | 6$^6$ | | S Borwell V Savinykh | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Borwell V Savinykh | 6 | 7$^8$ | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | S Mirza V Uhlířová | 4 | 6$^7$ |
| | E Rodina İ Şenoğlu | 3 | 6$^3$ | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | J Görges P Martić | 6 | 7$^9$ |
| | O Kalashnikova M Sirotkina | 6 | 7$^7$ | | O Kalashnikova M Sirotkina | 6 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Pervak L Tsurenko | 7 | 7$^7$ | | K Pervak L Tsurenko | 2 | 1 | r | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | S Klemenschits T Malek | 5 | 6$^3$ | | | | | | | O Kalashnikova M Sirotkina | 5 | 6$^7$ | | | | | |
| | J Babilon K Perkovic | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | 2 | J Görges P Martić | 7 | 7$^9$ | | | | | |
| | D Jurak S Vögele | 4 | 6$^5$ | | J Babilon K Perkovic | 3 | 6 | [5] | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Dekmeijere A Sevastova | 0 | 6$^3$ | 2 | J Görges P Martić | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | J Görges P Martić | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Zeldovich mechanism

Zel'dovich mechanism is a chemical mechanism that describes the oxidation of nitrogen and NO$_x$ formation, first proposed by the Russian physicist Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich in 1946. The reaction mechanisms read as
    ${\ce {{N2}+ O <->[k_1] {NO}+ {N}}}$
    ${\ce {{N}+ O2 <->[k_2] {NO}+ {O}}}$
where $k_{1}$ and $k_{2}$ are the reaction rate constants in Arrhenius law. The overall global reaction is given by
    ${\ce {{N2}+ {O2}<->[k] 2NO}}$
The overall reaction rate is mostly governed by the first reaction (i.e., rate-determining reaction), since the second reaction is much faster than the first reaction and occurs immediately following the first reaction. At fuel-rich conditions, due to lack of oxygen, reaction 2 becomes weak, hence, a third reaction is included in the mechanism, also known as extended Zel'dovich mechanism (with all three reactions),
    ${\ce {{N}+ {OH}<->[k_3] {NO}+ {H}}}$
Assuming the initial concentration of NO is low and the reverse reactions can therefore be ignored, the forward rate constants of the reactions are given by
    ${\begin{aligned}k_{1f}&=1.47\times 10^{13}\,T^{0.3}\mathrm {e} ^{-75286.81/RT}\\k_{2f}&=6.40\times 10^{9}\,T\mathrm {e} ^{-6285.5/RT}\\k_{3f}&=3.80\times 10^{13}\end{aligned}}$
where the pre-exponential factor is measured in units of cm, mol, s and K (these units are incorrect), temperature in kelvins, and the activation energy in cal/mol; R is the universal gas constant.

## NO formation

The rate of NO concentration increase is given by
    ${\frac {d[\mathrm {NO} ]}{dt}}=k_{1f}[\mathrm {N} _{2}][\mathrm {O} ]+k_{2f}[\mathrm {N} ][\mathrm {O} _{2}]+k_{3f}[\mathrm {N} ][\mathrm {OH} ]-k_{1b}[\mathrm {NO} ][\mathrm {N} ]-k_{2b}[\mathrm {NO} ][\mathrm {O} ]-k_{3b}[\mathrm {NO} ][\mathrm {H} ]$

## N formation

Similarly, the rate of N concentration increase is
    ${\frac {d[\mathrm {N} ]}{dt}}=k_{1f}[\mathrm {N} _{2}][\mathrm {O} ]-k_{2f}[\mathrm {N} ][\mathrm {O} _{2}]-k_{3f}[\mathrm {N} ][\mathrm {OH} ]-k_{1b}[\mathrm {NO} ][\mathrm {N} ]+k_{2b}[\mathrm {NO} ][\mathrm {O} ]+k_{3b}[\mathrm {NO} ][\mathrm {H} ]$
# Argus Building

The Argus Building on the corner of La Trobe and Elizabeth streets in Melbourne, Australia, is notable as the former premises of The Argus newspaper for 30 years (1926–1956). It is classified by the National Trust and is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register. In 2012 it was assessed as one of Australia's top ten endangered heritage buildings. As of October 2016 it is the Melbourne campus of the Melbourne Institute of Technology.

## History

An 1855 map shows St John's church and school at this location. Documents from 1880 and 1905 show an enlarged church and a row of two-storey shops along Elizabeth Street.
The site was acquired by the publishers of The Argus and The Australasian for the development of a six-storey purpose-built building to accommodate the numerous workers and massive composing and printing plant deployed in producing high-circulation letterpress newspapers, as expounded in a special supplement, "Entering the New Home", published on 9 September 1926.
After twenty years of financial losses, the last issue of The Argus emerged from the building on Saturday 19 January 1957. After the paper's closure, It was announced that the company's other activities would continue, including The Australasian Post, Your Garden and other operations in radio and commercial printing.
In 2004 La Trobe University bought the Argus Building for $8 million with the intention to redevelop the building to house its legal and business schools as well as a ground-floor shopping precinct. Owing to the high estimated cost of renovating the building, La Trobe University sold the site for $15 million in 2010 to Shesh Ghale, owner of the Melbourne Institute of Technology, who converted the site into its Melbourne campus which re-opened in October 2016.
# Sambaa K'e Water Aerodrome

Trout Lake Water Aerodrome (TC LID: CEG9), located on Sambaa Kʼe, formerly Trout Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada is open from the middle of June until the middle of October.
# Prix Alain-Fournier

The Prix Alain-Fournier is a French literary prize, awarded by the town of Saint-Amand-Montrond in honour of Alain-Fournier, author of Le Grand Meaulnes. It is intended to give encouragement to a novelist at the beginning of their career, and it can be awarded for first, second or third novels, provided that the author has not previously received any recognition at a national level.

## Prize-winners

* 1986 – Pierre Bergounioux, Ce pas et le suivant (Gallimard)
* 1987 – Jean Lods, Le Bleu des vitraux (Gallimard)
* 1988 – Richard Jorif, Le Navire Argo (François Bourin)
* 1989 – Luce Tillier, L'Ordre troublant des nénuphars (Kupczyk)
* 1990 – Philippe Delerm, Autumn (Le Rocher)
* 1991 – Anne-Marie Garat, Chambre noire (Flammarion)
* 1992 – Régine Detambel, Le Long Séjour (Julliard)
* 1993 – Amélie Nothomb, Hygiène de l'assassin (Albin Michel)
* 1994 – Alain Delbe, Les Îles jumelles (Éditions Phébus)
* 1995 – Nicolas Kieffer, Peau de lapin (Seuil)
* 1996 – Xavier Hanotte, Manière noire (Belfond)
* 1997 – Dominique Sigaud, L'Hypothèse du désert (Gallimard)
* 1998 – Laurent Ardenne, Le Mal de Malifaut (Le Temps des Cerises)
* 1999 – Louis Maspero, Une île au bord du désert (L'Aube)
* 2000 – Joël Egloff, Edmond Ganglion & fils (Le Rocher)
* 2001 – Adeline Yzac, Le Dernier de la Lune (Le Rouergue)
* 2002 – Véronique Olmi, Bord de mer (Actes Sud)
* 2003 – Dominique Mainard, Leur histoire (Joëlle Losfeld)
* 2004 – Jean-Louis Serrano, Le Monde m'était promis (Editions de l'Aube)
* 2005 – Karine Mazloumian, Tanguer (Plon)
* 2006 – Hélène Bonafous-Murat, Morsures (Editions Le Passage)
* 2007 – Laurence Tardieu, Puisque rien ne dure (Editions Stock)
* 2008 – Karima Berger, Filiations dangereuses (Editions Chèvre-feuille étoilée)
* 2009 – Yasmine Char, La main de Dieu (Gallimard)
* 2010 – Tatiana Arfel, L'Attente du soir (José Corti)
* 2011 – Pierre Cendors, Engeland (Finitude)
* 2012 – Yamen Manai, La Sérénade d'Ibrahim Santos (Elyzad)
* 2013 - Gaëlle Josse, Nos vies désaccordées (Éditions Autrement)
* 2014 - Gaël Brunet, La Battue (Rouergue)
* 2015 – Marie-Aimée Lebreton, Cent-sept ans (Buchet/Chastel)
* 2016 – Cécile Huguenin, La Saison des mangues (Heloïse d'Ormesson)
* 2017 – Guy Boley, Fils de feu (Grasset)
* 2018 – Jean-Baptiste Andrea, Ma Reine (L'Iconoclaste)
* 2019 – Bruno Pellegrino, Là-bas, août est un mois d’automne (éditions Zoé)