OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1866 in Ireland

Events from the year 1866 in Ireland.

## Events

* 28 January – the Midland Great Western Railway opens to Westport railway station.
* 22 June – Archbishop Cullen is elevated to the cardinalate as the first Irish Cardinal.
* 13 July – the SS Great Eastern sets out from Valentia Island on the second (successful) attempt to lay the transatlantic telegraph cable. Robert Halpin is master and William Thomson technical consultant.
* 14 October – St Peter's Church, Belfast, later to become the Roman Catholic Cathedral, is dedicated, although the building is incomplete.
* Maziere Brady retires as Lord Chancellor of Ireland, an office to which he was appointed in 1846.
* Alexandra College is founded at Milltown, Dublin by the Quaker Ann Jellicoe, the first women's college in Ireland to aim at a university-level education.

## Sport

* The first modern Irish Derby, created by the 3rd Earl of Howth, the 3rd Marquess of Drogheda and the 3rd Earl of Charlemont, is run at the Curragh Racecourse.
* The Ulster Yacht Club is revived at Bangor, County Down, on the initiative of Frederick Temple Blackwood, 5th Baron Dufferin and Claneboye.

## The Arts

* The ballad "Come Back to Erin" is composed by 'Claribel', the English songwriter Charlotte Alington Barnard.

## Births

* 5 February – Domhnall Ua Buachalla, member of 1st Dáil, Fianna Fáil TD, last Governor-General of the Irish Free State (died 1963).
* February – Michael Egan, trade unionist, city councillor and Cumann na nGaedheal TD (died 1947).
* 15 June – Charles Wood, composer (died 1926).
* 13 July – Emily Winifred Dickson, gynaecologist (died 1944 in Liverpool).
* 16 August – Dora Sigerson, poet (died 1918 in London).
* 1 November – Cheiro, born William John Warner, astrologer (died 1936 in the United States).
* 3 December – Ethna Carbery, born Anna Johnston, writer and poet (died 1902).
* 7 December – Maude Delap, marine biologist (died 1953)
* December – Thomas Byrne, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1898 at the Battle of Omdurman, Sudan (died 1944).

### Full date unknown

*   * Éamon a Búrc, tailor and seanchaí (died 1942).
*   * Master McGrath, greyhound (died 1873).
*   * Bridget Sullivan, domestic housemaid for Borden family of Fall River, Massachusetts (died 1948 in the United States).

## Deaths

* 5 January – Augustus Warren Baldwin, naval officer and political figure in Upper Canada (born 1776).
* 11 January – Gustavus Vaughan Brooke, actor (born 1818).
* 17 January – George Petrie, painter, musician, antiquary and archaeologist (born 1790).
* 4 March – Alexander Campbell, religious leader in Britain and the United States (born 1788).
* 18 May – Francis Sylvester Mahony, humorist and poet (aka Father Prout) (born 1804).
* 26 October – John Kinder Labatt, brewer in Canada (born 1803).
* 26 October – Patrick McHale, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at Lucknow, India (born 1826).

### Full date unknown

*   * Edward Eagar, lawyer and criminal transported to Australia, politician (born 1787; died in London).
# Reverse Runner

Reverse Runner (sometimes stylised as Яeverse Яunner) is an Australian comedy film written and directed by Lachlan Ryan and Jarrod Theodore, executive produced by Stephen Herek. It stars Dan Cannon, Dave Callan, Steve Moneghetti, Rosco Brauer and Olympic commentator Bruce McAvaney. It tells the story of teenager Kid Campbell, who dreams of becoming a reverse runner despite being mocked, ridiculed and kicked out of home for refusing to get an ordinary job. In the end, he is left to question his childhood dream.
It had a limited theatrical release on 11 October 2012, playing in cinemas until April 2013. It was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and VOD in Australia on 18 September 2013, and 30 October 2013 in New Zealand.

## Cast

* Dan Cannon as Kid Campbell
* Dave Callan as a Commentator
* Steve Moneghetti as John Jones
* Rosco Brauer as Coach Leroy
* Bianca Linton as Hannah
* Julian Shaw as Steven James
* Bruce McAvaney as a Commentator
* Rhys Mitchell as a Commentator
* Justin Kennedy as Suicidal Starter
* Stephen Lopez as Head Helper
* Helen Bongers as Mum
* Daryl Cannon as Gary
* Casey Asplin as Young Kid Campbell

## Production

Principal photography on Reverse Runner involved approximately 300 people throughout the duration of the shoot. The majority of the film was shot in the country town of Colac in Victoria. Other locations include the John Landy Athletics Field, Geelong; Melbourne Park; and the world-renowned landscapes at Lavers Hill along the Great Ocean Road.

## Music

Thomas E. Rouch composed the orchestral score for the film. Rouch collaborated with singers James Cupples, Nicholas Roy, and Sid O'Neil, re-recording some of Australia's classic rock songs, including "Run to Paradise" by The Choirboys and "Most People I Know (Think That I'm Crazy)" by Billy Thorpe. Rouch and Cupples also re-recorded Walk Right In by Dr Hook.
Sid O'Neil, lead singer from the Vasco Era, recorded vocals for an original track titled "Backwards As They Come", which appears in the film. Tinpan Orange duo Emily and Jesse recorded vocals for an original music track titled "Fallen Dreams", produced by Thomas E. Rouch.

## Marketing

Australian musical icon Mike Brady, who wrote football anthems "Up There Cazaly" and "One Day in September", recorded a voice-over for Reverse Runner’s trailer.

## Release

On 11 October 2012, Reverse Runner was released theatrically at Colac Cinemas, where it became the cinema's highest-grossing film of the year as well as the third-highest overall. Reverse Runner also screened at Village Cinemas Geelong, Ballarat's Regent Cinema, Warrnambool, Hamilton, Horsham, Ararat, and Echuca Cinemas in 2013.

## Reception

Simon Foster of SBS awarded the film three and a half stars out of five: "Given that the past 12 months of Australian big-screen comedy has been arguably its direst ever, the amiably silly low-budgeter Reverse Runner comes as somewhat of a revelation. The debut work of writer/directors Jarrod Theodore and Lachlan Ryan and their production outfit Theory Pictures suggests that there may be a silver lining on the dark cloud that is Screen Australia’s policy on indie feature comedy funding."
# Alida Rockefeller Messinger

Alida Rockefeller Messinger (born 1948) is an American philanthropist who is an heir to the Rockefeller family fortune.
A donor to Democratic candidates and environmentalist causes, she is the former of wife of Minnesota governor and U.S. Senator Mark Dayton. Messinger is also a sister of ex-West Virginia governor and U.S. Senator Jay Rockefeller. She has notably been a major donor to progressive political causes in her home state of Minnesota.
Outside of activism, she is a former trustee of the Rockefeller Family Fund, a public charity started by her father and his siblings. Her great-grandfather is John D. Rockefeller, the founder of the Standard Oil Company and widely considered to be the wealthiest American of all time and the richest person in modern history.

## Early life and family

Messinger was born in 1948. She is the youngest daughter of John Davison Rockefeller III (1906–78) and Blanchette Ferry Hooker (1909–92), and a fourth-generation member of the Rockefeller family. Her brother is former Senator John Davison "Jay" Rockefeller IV (born 1937).
Messinger's father began to teach her about philanthropy when she was five years old. She has said, "My father and mother's greatest fear was that their four children might take their wealth for granted and grow up spoiled and arrogant ... They wanted us to learn early that with wealth comes responsibility."

## Philanthropy

Messinger is a major donor to conservation and environmental organizations. Her Alida R. Messinger Charitable Trust also funds conservation and environmental groups, as does the Rockefeller Family Fund, founded in 1967, of which she is a trustee.
Messinger also contributes financially to the Center for Public Integrity. She is a significant political donor to progressive and Democratic causes, donating millions of dollars.

## Personal life

From 1978 to 1986, she was married to Mark Dayton (b. 1947), the son of Bruce Dayton, who was part of a family that started the retail store that eventually became Target. Dayton later served as a United States senator for Minnesota from 2001 until 2007 and as Governor of Minnesota from 2011 to 2019. Before divorcing in 1986, Messinger and Dayton had two sons together, Eric and Andrew Dayton.
After the divorce, she married William Messinger, president of Aureus, an addiction recovery organization. They have one daughter.
# John Blennerhassett (landowner)

John Blennerhassett or Hasset (by 1521 – 1573), of Barsham by Beccles, Suffolk, was an English landowner and Member of Parliament. His cousins became substantial landowners in Ireland.
He was the fourth son of Sir Thomas Blennerhassett of Frenze, near Diss, Norfolk and Margaret Braham. Originally from Cumberland, the Blennerhassetts had become substantial landowners in Suffolk and Norfolk, where John Blennerhassett held estates at Depwade and Long Stratton.
His father was steward to Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and John was to continue the family tradition of service to the family. He entered the Inner Temple in 1535 In the 1540s, following the death of his elder brothers without male heirs, he inherited his family's entailed estate. He continued his career as a lawyer, served as a legal adviser to Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and was called to the bench in 1550.
In 1558 he was returned as one of the two Members of Parliament for Horsham through the influence of the Howards. He was subsequently selected for Norwich, where he served as steward, in 1563 and 1571. He seems never to have spoken in the House. He presented two silver cups to the corporation of Norwich in 1562.
He married firstly Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Cornwallis of Brome, Suffolk, by whom he had a daughter Elizabeth. Elizabeth died sometime after April 1544 and John subsequently married Mary Echyngham (younger daughter of Sir Edward Echyngham and his second wife Ann Everard), through whom he gained possession of Barsham. John and Mary had 6 sons and 5 daughters, 9 of whom were living when John made his will. He wrote his will in June 1573 and it was proved by his eldest son Thomas the following February.
His cousin, Sir Edward Blennerhassett of Horsford, was the father of another Sir John Blennerhassett, a barrister who became Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, and also of Thomas and Edward, who played a part in the Plantation of Ulster. Another cousin, Robert Blennerhassett, founded the long-established Blennerhassett family of Ballyseedy, County Kerry.
# John Dashwood-King

John Dashwood-King may refer to:
* Sir John Dashwood-King, 3rd Baronet (1716–1793), English landowner
* Sir John Dashwood-King, 4th Baronet (1765–1849), English MP and landowner, son of the above
# Frederick George

Frederick George may refer to:
* J. Frederick George, a pseudonym of author George Jewsbury
* Frederick Charles George, the full name of the footballer Charlie George
* Frederick George Sandy, Canadian politician
# .400 Purdey

The .400 Purdey, also known as the .400 3-inch Straight and .400 Purdey Light Express 3-inch, is an obsolete rifle cartridge developed by James Purdey & Sons.

## Design

The .400 Purdey is a rimmed straight walled centerfire rifle cartridge intended for use in single shot and double rifles. It fires a bullet of .405 inches (10.3 mm) diameter weighing 230 grains (15 g), driven by 47 grains (3.0 g) of cordite, at a listed speed of 2,050 feet per second (620 m/s).

## History

In Britain, from the inception of breech-loading rifles there were a large number of straight black powder .40 in (10 mm) paper and coiled brass cartridges developed of varying case lengths from 2 to 31⁄4 inches. Around 1905, Purdey loaded the 3 inch brass cartridge with a light cordite load to create this cartridge. Unusually for a proprietary cartridge, the .400 Purdey was introduced as a "Nitro for Black" loading, typically a mild loading of smokeless powder for a Black Powder Express cartridge, carefully balanced through trial to replicate the ballistics of the black powder version.
In 1899 John Rigby & Company shortened the black powder predecessor of the .400 Purdey to 2.75 inches (70 mm) and necked it down to .358 inches (9.1 mm) to create the .400/350 Nitro Express which in turn later became the .350 Rigby No 2.

## Use

The .400 Purdey was reasonably popular in India for deer, boar and even tiger, and was available in both double rifles and more reasonably priced Martini action sporting rifles. Whilst obsolete, cartridges can still be purchased today from manufacturers such as Kynoch.
# Ryukyuan assimilation policies

Ryukyuan assimilation policies are a series of practices aimed at the Ryukyuan people with the intent of assimilating them into Japanese culture and identity beginning shortly before the Disposition of Ryukyu in 1879 and continuing to the present day.

## Background

In 1879, the Japanese Empire abolished the Ryukyu Domain, exiling its monarch to Tokyo. Okinawa Prefecture was established out of the newly acquired territory. The Amami Islands were already a part of Japan due to the Satsuma Invasion of Ryukyu, and were made a part of Kagoshima Prefecture after the fall of the Satsuma Domain.

## History

Years after the annexation, Japan started to implement assimilation policies into the Ryukyu Islands. A famous example was the dialect cards (方言札, hōgen fuda), which were given out to students who spoke a Ryukyuan vernacular at school. Punishments for card-holders were often corporal.
The mainland Japanese also looked down on Ryukyuan culture as being "backwards", accelerating the process even further. The same phenomenon happened in diaspora communities as well, including Hawaii, where local Okinawans were often stereotyped negatively by other Nikkei immigrants.
Discrimination heightened during World War II, where many Okinawans were killed for speaking Okinawan under the suspicion of spying.
# Rafael Cordero

Rafael Cordero may refer to:
* Rafael "Churumba" Cordero Santiago (1942–2004), former mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico
* Rafael Cordero (educator) (1790–1868), known as "The Father of Public Education in Puerto Rico"
# John Overhaven

John Overhaven (died c. 1444), of Hythe, Kent, was an English Member of Parliament (MP). He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Hythe in 1420, December 1421, 1422, 1426, 1429, 1435 and 1442.
# A Day with the Cow Column in 1843

A Day with the Cow Column in 1843 is a text composed by Jesse Applegate describing his experience leading one of the parties of pioneers to the Oregon Country in the Pacific Northwest of North America in 1843. It was published in the first volume of Overland Monthly in 1868, read before the Oregon Pioneer Association in 1876, published in the first volume of the Oregon Historical Quarterly in 1900, published in a book published by Joseph Schafer in 1934, and published by Ye Galleon Press in 1990.
It was described as "Without question the best bit of literature left to us by any participant in the [Oregon] pioneer movement, and dealing with that movement" by Philip H. Parrish in his review of Joseph Schafer's book. According to another review of Schafer's book, the story of the Great Migration of 1843 would have been "too fantastic to believe if it were not a commonplace of American history." The essay is cited as a prime example of the accounts of emigrants to Oregon, California, and Utah through the Platte River valley, and its frequency of republication noted.
The Oregon Cultural Heritage Commission included it among 100 books that best define the state and its people in 2005.
# World ski championships

World ski championships may refer to:
* FIS Alpine World Ski Championships
* IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships, Alpine, disability
* FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships
* FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
* FIS Ski-Flying World Championships
* FIS Snowboard World Championships
# Alkapur

Alkapur is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Alkapur has 223 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 33.54%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 1195 | 581 | 614 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 244 | 120 | 124 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 1189 | 579 | 610 |
| Literates | 319 | 181 | 138 |
| Workers (all) | 705 | 354 | 351 |
| Main workers (total) | 407 | 315 | 92 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 303 | 243 | 60 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 94 | 65 | 29 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 9 | 6 | 3 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 298 | 39 | 259 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 121 | 16 | 105 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 176 | 23 | 153 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Non-workers | 490 | 227 | 263 |
# Laskary Metal

Laskary Andaly Metal Biticaca (born December 18, 1986) is an Indonesian beauty queen. She won the Putri Kopi Indonesia title in 2011. She is entitled to represent Indonesia at the 2012 Reina Internacional del Café pageant.

## Putri Kopi Indonesia 2011

Biticaca, who stands 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in), competed as the representative of South Sulawesi, one of 33 finalists in her country's national beauty pageant, Putri Kopi Indonesia 2011, held in Mulia Senayan Hotel, Jakarta on April 18, 2011, where she became the eventual winner of the title. She competed in Reina Internacional del Café 2012, broadcast live from Manizales, Colombia, on January 8, 2012.

## Reina Internacional del Café 2012

She was a heavy favourite by Indonesian pageant's fans from beginning to last. She placed as the 1st runner-up, and also won Best Hair award in the pageant. She was the first Indonesian representative, and also the first Indonesian that placed among the Top 5 in this pageant. She is also the only second contestant from Asia to participate in this pageant since its inception in 1957. The first Asian delegate came from Japan in 1992, who placed as the 1st runner-up.

## Education

She has graduated from The School of Biological Science and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology with a bachelor's degree in microbiology and currently pursues her master's degree at Petroleum and Mining Engineering Faculty Bandung Institute of Technology, as well as being a research assistant in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery for Oil and Gas Recovery for Indonesia (OGRINDO).
# French Land Transport Accident Investigation Bureau

The French Land Transport Accident Investigation Bureau (Bureau d'Enquêtes sur les Accidents de Transport Terrestre, abbreviated BEA-TT) is an agency of the French government formed in 2004 and charged with the investigation into accidents involving all forms of land transport, including railways, urban guided transportation systems (metros, trams), cable-hauled transport systems, road transport (heavy goods vehicles, and public transport by coach and bus), and canals and other navigable inland waterways.

## History

Prior to the formation of the BEA-TT, the government minister with responsibility for transportation would set up ad hoc investigation commissions, for example after the 1988 Paris-Gare de Lyon rail accident and 1999 Mont Blanc tunnel fire. These commissions were supported by the Conseil Général des Ponts et Chaussées (CGPC, "Civil Engineering General Council").
The CGPC's experience, particularly following the Mont Blanc tunnel fire, showed there was a need for a new legal framework that guaranteed investigators access to sites, recordings and information covered by commercial confidentiality or pre-trial non-disclosure agreements. An Act of parliament passed on 3 January 2002 supplied the legal basis for technical investigations and reaffirms and mandates the investigatory principals of independence, and commits to the publishing of the report. The BEA-TT was founded by a decree on 26 January 2004, with the right of access to all elements useful to an investigation, even those covered by non disclosure or confidentiality requirements such as those pre-trial or for commercial and medical reasons.

## Administrative affairs

Its current head office is in the Grande Arche in La Défense business district and in Puteaux.
It formerly was headquartered in the Tour Voltaire [fr] in La Défense business district and in Puteaux, and previously in the Tour Pascal B [fr] in Puteaux and La Défense.

## Investigations

* Brétigny-sur-Orge train crash
# Rafael de Floranes

Rafael de Floranes or de Floranes Vélez de Robles y Encinas (1743, Camaleño – 1801, Valladolid, Spain) was a Spanish historian, jurist and writer.

## Works

* Historical Records of Spanish law from the earliest times to the present.
* Memories of King Alonso VIII.
* Lives of the most famous Spanish jurists before the sixteenth century, with a story critical of his works.
* Glorias select the MN and ML province of Álava .
* Catalog of former governors of the province of Álava.
* Antiques and memories of the MN and ML province of Álava.
* Misused Armentia Headquarters by the bishops of Calahorra in the year 1089.
* New occupation, lasting in the day, the bishopric of Armentia by D. Rodrigo Cascante, Bishop of Calahorra, between the years 1183 and 1189, and acts of resistance in the provinces of Álava, Vizcaya and Guipúzcoa against the bishops of Calahorra, its intrusion into the chair alavense.
* Restoring Armentia chair in 1181.
* The Law of Sepúlveda, Original Dei copied and illustrated with notes and dissertations.
* Sum of the laws of Master James, with notes
* Historical Memories of Master Jacob.
* A copy of the Law I judge, collated with seven ancient manuscripts, and removed the variants.
* Additions and supplements to the amortization of Mr. Campomanes .
* Memories and Notes for the history of Valladolid.
* Historical Records of the universities of Castilla, especially those of Valladolid and Palencia, work entirely finished, in a folio volume.
* Memories and pointings for the Toro .
* Chancellor's literary life of Castile Don Pedro Lopez de Ayala, restorer of letters in Castile, printed in the collection of unpublished documents in the history of Spain, Madrid: Printing Calero's widow, 1851, p. XIX.
* Handwritten Life and Works of Dr. Lorenzo Galindez de Carvajal .
* Historical Memoirs of the University of Castilla.
* Apuntamientos curious about Behetrías, status and privileges, and how they do in the affiliations.
* Don Rafael Floranes Apuntamientos Father Fray Francisco Mendez, of the order of St. Augustine, a resident of the convent of San Felipe el Real de Madrid, for a treatise on the origin of Printing, introduction, propagation and first productions in Spain rest of the fifteenth century of his birth. Year 1794, included in the Spanish print of Francisco Mendez .
* Philosophical discourses (manuscript composed in 1800).
* "Two unpublished tracts Floranes Rafael D. and D. Thomas Antonio Sanchez on the Origins of Spanish poetry, with a preliminary Warning Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo "(taken from the Revue Hisfanique, volume XVIII, New-York, Paris, 1908 .
# Mönchsbach

Mönchsbach is a river of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It flows into the Goldbach near Blankenburg (Harz).